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Which red-haired actress had the Margarita cocktail named after her as her real name was Margarita Cansino?	[ "Gutierrez, a bartender in Tijuana, Mexico, boasted that he created the Margarita as an homage to actress Rita Hayworth, whose real name was Margarita Cansino. Other versions of the story claim the Margarita cocktail was indeed named after the actress, but in the 1930s, before she acquired her screen name. As a teenager, Margarita Cansino worked as a dancer at the Foreign Club, in Tijuana, where she supposedly inspired a bartender, while turning a lot of other mens heads. She also danced at the Aqua Caliente Racetrack in the early 1930s.", "Margarita – there are many claims for the name of this tequila/lime/orange liqueur cocktail. Dallas socialite Margarita Samas said she invented it in 1948 for one of her Acapulco parties. Enrique Bastate Gutierrez claimed he invented it in Tijuana in the 1940’s for Rita Hayworth . Hayworth’s real name was Margarita Cansino, and another story connects the drink to her during an earlier time when she was dancing in Tijuana nightclubs under that name. Carlos Herrera said he created and named the cocktail in his Tijuana restaurant in 1938-1939 for Marjorie King. Ms. King was reportedly allergic to all alcohol except tequila, and had asked for something besides a straight shot. Around this same general time period, Nevada bartender Red Hinton said he’d named the cocktail after his girlfriend Margarita Mendez. Other stories exist.", "While plenty of foods were named after real people, so too were drinks. Veuve-Clicquot, a popular brand of Champagne, was named for Barbe-Nicole Ponsardin, the widow ('veuve' in French) of François Clicquot. The Ramos gin fizz, a gin-based cocktail, was named after its inventor, New Orleans bartender Henry C. Ramos. While the origins of the margarita’s name has been disputed, it’s most likely named after actress Rita Hayworth, who got her start dancing in Tijuana nightclubs under her real name, Margarita Cansino. Coincidentally, the Shirley Temple, a combination of Sprite and grenadine, was also named after Hayworth.", "Another early 1940s legend has bartender Enrique Bastate Gutierrez creating the drink for actress Rita Hayworth (real name Margarita Cansino). Hayworth spent part of her early career in the 1930s as a dancer in Tijuana’s Foreign Club. One more 1942 legend spots Francisco Morales accidentally creating the Margarita on July 4th at Tommy&#8217s Place in Ciudad Juárez when he cannot remember how to make another drink that a patron ordered. A 1948 flyer for the Balinese Room in Galveston, TX proclaimed that head bartender Santos Cruz created the drink for singer Peggy (Margaret) Lee.", "Rita Hayworth (born Margarita Carmen Cansino; October 17, 1918 ï¿½ May 14, 1987) was an American film actress and dancer who attained fame during the 1940s as one of the era's top stars.", "Rita Hayworth (born Margarita Carmen Cansino; October 17, 1918 - May 14, 1987) was an American actress and dancer. She achieved fame during the 1940s as one of the era's top stars, appearing in a total of 61 films over 37 years. The press coined the term \"love goddess\" to describe Hayworth after she had become the most glamorous screen idol of the 1940s. She was the top pin-up girl for GIs during World War II.", "Happy Birthday Margarita Carmen Cansino aka Rita Hayworth (October 17, 1918 - May 14, 1987) // “I haven’t had everything from life. I’ve had too much.”", "Rita Hayworth was an American dancer and film actress who achieved fame during the 1940s as one of the eraï¿½s top stars. Appearing first as Rita Cansino, she agreed to change her name to Rita Hayworth and her natural dark brown hair color to dark red to attract a greater range of roles. Her appeal led to her being featured on the cover of Life magazine five times, beginning in 1940. Hayworth appeared in a total of 61 films over 37 years. She is one of six women who have the distinction of having danced on screen with both Fred Astaire and Gene Kelly.] She is listed by the American Film Institute as one of the 100 Greatest Stars of All Time.", "A commonly accepted origin story of the Margarita is that it was invented in October 1941, at Hussong's Cantina in Ensenada, Mexico, by bartender Don Carlos Orozco. One afternoon, Margarita Henkel, the daughter of the then German ambassador visited the cantina and Don Carlos who had been experimenting with drinks offered her one. The cocktail consisted of equal parts of tequila, Mexican orange liqueur called Controy (A.K.A. Naranja in the United States), and lime, shaken and served over ice in a salt-rimmed glass. As she was the first to try the drink, Don Carlos decided to name it after her and the \"Margarita\" was born. ", "Durlesser told The Van Nuys News in January, 1955 that he invented the margarita in 1937. The August/September, 1966 issue of Bon Appetit Magazine also credits Durlesser with inventing the drink, but “in 1936 when... [Durlesser] was asked to duplicate a drink a lady customer had once tasted in Mexico. He put together a drink which pleased the lady, whose name was Margaret, and today his ‘duplication’ is well known as the Margarita cocktail.” The magazine also reports that Durlesser entered the drink “in a national competition of original drinks and it won third place.” This claim has never been confirmed. Tail O’ the Cock owner Shelton McHenry did later hang out socially with Margarita Sames.", "Margarita , a delightful cocktail served in almost every bar across the world, was believed to be first created in the year 1938 by Carlos “Danny” Herrara at his restaurant for one of the customers Marjorie King, a Ziegfeld dancer, who was allergic to all spirits except tequila. Another story surrounding the creation of margarita cocktail is about a bartender Don Carlos, who in the year 1941, experimented with drinks one afternoon and offered it to Margarita Henkel, a lady visiting the cantina and the daughter of the then-German-ambassador. Since she was the first person to try the cocktail, it came to be known after her. The most believable claim that most people agree with, however, is that of Francisco “Pancho” Morales, who first mixed the drink on 4th of July, 1942 at Tommy’s Place Bar in the El Paso-Juarez area.", "Others say the inventor was Dallas socialite Margarita Sames, when she concocted the drink for her guests at her Acapulco vacation home in 1948. Tommy Hilton reportedly attended, bringing the drink back to the Hilton chain of hotels. However, Jose Cuervo was already running ad campaigns for the margarita three years earlier, in 1945, with the slogan, \"Margarita: It’s more than a girl's name.\" According to Jose Cuervo, the cocktail was invented in 1938 by a bartender in honor of Mexican showgirl Rita de la Rosa. ", "He believed that dancing could be featured in the movies and that his family could be part of it. He established his own dance studio, where he taught such stars as James Cagney and Jean Harlow. During the Great Depression, he lost all his investments as commercial interest in his dancing classes waned.<br /><br /> In 1931, Eduardo Cansino partnered with his 12-year-old daughter to form an act called the Dancing Cansinos. Since under California law Margarita was too young to work in nightclubs and bars, her father took her with him to work across the border in Tijuana, Mexico. In the early 1930s, it was a popular tourist spot for people from Los Angeles. Because she was working, Cansino never graduated from high school, but she had completed ninth grade at Hamilton High in Los Angeles.<br /><br /> Cansino (Hayworth) took a bit part in the film Cruz Diablo (1934) at age 16, which led to another bit part in the film In Caliente (1935) with the Mexican actress, Dolores del RÃo. She danced with her father in such nightspots as the Foreign and the Caliente clubs. Winfield Sheehan, the head of the Fox Film Corporation, saw her dancing at the Caliente Club and quickly arranged for Hayworth to do a screen test a week later. Impressed by her screen persona, Sheehan signed her for a short-term, six-month contract at Fox, under the name Rita Cansino, the first of two name changes during her film career. Read Less", "In the years following, Margarita Sames continued serving her cocktail at parties and private gatherings. She spent many afternoons sipping Margaritas with Eleanor Roosevelt, and legendary baseball manager John McGraw, a lifelong friend of the Sames and the Margarita.", "Scarce and stunning vintage matte-finish 5 x 7 Fox Studios publicity photo of the actress in a floral top, signed in fountain pen, “Best Wishes, Rita Cansino.” In fine condition. Accompanied by the original mailing envelope, stamp-dated April 18, 1936. Hayworth appeared in a number of small roles for Fox Studios under her birth name, Margarita ‘Rita’ Cansino, then adopted her familiar stage name (which was adapted from her mother’s maiden name) soon after her move to Columbia Pictures in 1937. One of just a handful of items we have offered signed with her given name. Pre-certified PSA/DNA and RR Auction COA.…(MB $200)", "An early legend says that a Mexico City bartender named Willie first created the Margarita in 1934 at the Matamoros area restaurant Los Dos Republicas for a patron named Marguerite Hemery. Another story says that in 1936, bar owner Daniel Negrete presented the drink as a wedding day gift for his son to be sister-in-law, Margarita. According to Daniel’s son, Salvatore, this version of the Margarita was equal parts lime juice, tequila, and orange liqueur, served over crushed ice.", "The first appearance in print of a drink actually called “Margarita” is the December, 1953 issue of Esquire Magazine, which helps support the notion that she invented it, and the recipe was spread around by her influential friends. Margarita Sames’ original Margarita recipe is featured on page 76 of that issue.", "Her father, Eduardo Cansino, Sr., was from Castilleja de la Cuesta, a little town near Seville, Spain. Her mother, Volga Hayworth, was an American of Irish-English descent who had performed with the Ziegfeld Follies. The couple married in 1917. They also had two sons: Eduardo Cansino, Jr. and Vernon Cansino.<br /><br /> Margarita's father wanted her to become a professional dancer, while her mother hoped she would become an actress. Her paternal grandfather, Antonio Cansino, was renowned as a Spanish classical dancer. He popularized the bolero, and his dancing school in Madrid was world-famous. Hayworth later recalled, \"From the time I was three and a half â¦ as soon as I could stand on my own feet, I was given dance lessons.\" She noted \"I didn't like it very much â¦ but I didn't have the courage to tell my father, so I began taking the lessons. Rehearse, rehearse, rehearse, that was my girlhood\". Read Less", "Famous for: American actress and dancer who achieved fame during the 1940s as one of the era’s top stars and became known for her deep sultry voice and flaming red hair. Made 61 films in 37 years. Notable roles are Virginia Brush from The Strawberry Blonde, Dona Sol from Blood and Sand, Maria Acuña from You Were Never Lovelier, Rusty Parker/Maribelle Hicks from Cover Girl, Irene Malcolm from Affectionately Yours, Gilda Mundson Farrell from Gilda, Elsa Bannister from The Lady from Shanghai, Carmen from The Loves of Carmen, Princess Salome from Salome, Chris Emery from Affair in Trinidad, Vera Prentice-Simpson from Pal Joey, Ann Shankland from Separate Tables, Rosalie Kenny from The Money Trap, and Señora De La Plata from The Wrath of God.", "The first (suitably flowery) printed mention of a Margarita cocktail is in the December 1953 issue of Esquire magazine: \"She's from Mexico, Señores, and she is lovely to look at, exciting and provocative\". The recipe given is one ounce tequila, a dash of triple sec and the juice of half a lime or lemon. It's worth mentioning that Margarita as an American girl's name reached its peak of popularity in the 1930s and 40s so there were plenty of Margaritas around in the 1950s when it would appear the Margarita cocktail was christened. Margarita is also the name of an island, Isla de Margarita (Margarita Island) a popular holiday destination in the Caribbean north of Venezuela, two-and-a-half hours from Miami.", "The first known publication of a margarita recipe was in the December 1953 issue of Esquire, with a recipe calling for an ounce of tequila, a dash of triple sec and the juice of half a lime or lemon. A recipe for a tequila-based cocktail first appeared in the 1930 book My New Cocktail Book by G.F. Steele. Without noting a specific recipe or inventor, a drink called the Tequila Daisy was mentioned in the Syracuse Herald as early as 1936. Margarita is Spanish for Daisy, which is a nickname for Margaret. ", "The 1937 Café Royal Cocktail Book by William J. Tarling includes a British antecedent of the Margarita called a 'Picador'. This predates the first known mention of the Margarita by 16 years with the recipe in proportions identical to that recognised today as a Margarita. So the Margarita is obviously a British invention!", "Famous for: American character actress whose career spanned 57 years. Notable roles are Miss Ronberry from The Corn is Green, Mrs. Rizzo from Kiss of Death, Linda Loman from Death of a Salesman, Señora Espejo from Viva Zapata!, Mrs. Ruth Golding from The Jazz Singer, Martha Reno from Love Me Tender, Mrs. Wiggs from The Trouble with Harry, Aunt Rose Comfort from Baby Doll, Miss Elsie Thornton from Peyton Place, Sister Margharita (Mistress of Postulants) from The Nun’s Story, Mrs. Wandrous from Butterfield 8, Pilar from Behold a Pale Horse, Mrs. Sherman from The Spiral Staircase, and Nellie from The Pick-Up Artist.", "A later story is that the margarita was invented in October 1961, at a party in Houston, Texas, by party goer Robert James \"Rusty\" Thomson while acting as bartender. He concocted a mixture of equal parts tequila, orange liqueur, lime, and crushed ice in a salt-rimmed glass. However, Thomson's recipe was made with Damiana Liqueur, not Cointreau orange liqueur. It is said that the idea was an experiment after running out of rum while making frozen daiquiris.", "Another cool story: the origin of the margarita. Paul Tanguay, of Chicago’s Tippling Bros. and Mercadito, says that around the turn of the last century, a popular cocktail called the daisy was made of gin or brandy plus lemon juice and grenadine or syrup. \"During Prohibition, people started flocking to Mexico, and it’s said that there was a racetrack in Tijuana that started making daisies with tequila,\" substituting lime juice, agave and Grand Marnier for lemon, simple syrup and grenadine. \"Margarita is Spanish for daisy.\"", "Jean Harlow (March 3, 1911 – June 7, 1937) was an American film actress and sex symbol of the 1930s. Known as the \"Platinum Blonde\" and the \"Blonde Bombshell\" due to her platinum blonde hair, Harlow was ranked as one of the greatest movie stars of all time by the American Film Institute. Harlow starred in several films, mainly designed to showcase her magnetic sex appeal and strong screen presence, before making the transition to more developed roles and achieving massive fame under contract to Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (MGM). Harlow's enormous popularity and \"laughing vamp\" image were in distinct contrast to her personal life, which was marred by disappointment, tragedy, and ultimately, her sudden death from renal failure at age 26.", "There is no cocktail recipe with a more discombobulated provenance than the margarita. No less than eighteen different folks claim the birth of the drink, spanning three decades. It even includes one creator across the ocean in London.", "Penelope Cruz created a piece of Hollywood history after becoming the first Spanish actress to win an Oscar for her performance in the Woody Allen comedy Vicky Cristina Barcelona.", "Margaritomancy: Rumor has it that two Mexicans drank too many Margaritas and started seeing things. (I just started that rumor). Margarita is Latin for Pearl. Margaritomancy was actually Pearl divination. Pearls were either cast into a pot over a fire or pearls were prophetically observed in oyster shells.", "The darkly stunning Alonso was born Isabella Garcia in Central Lugareño, Camagüey, Cuba, on April 10, 1933, to a Cuban father and Mexican mother. Attracted to dancing, she began performing seriously in Havana at age 17, and soon earned notoriety at Cuba's National Theatre for her sensual, exotic style. She took her trade to Paris in 1957 and became the toast of the Folies Bergère as an up-and-coming Josephine Baker . Billed as the \"Cuban H-Bomb\", she combined her native Afro-Cuban rhythms with a seductive belly-dancing style that encouraged wolf whistles wherever she toured, which would eventually include Puerto Rico, Haiti and even the United States.", "I remember a very famous female star in Hollywood who, when I asked her at a party if I could get her another martini, said, “I only have one. If I have two, I’m under the table. And if I have three, I’m under the host.”", "That was the stage name of a film actress during the forties and fifties. She was American but billed herself as the Venezuelan Volcano." ]	[ 7.4375, 6.29296875, 6.24609375, 5.9921875, 3.841796875, 3.734375, 2.283203125, 1.4990234375, 0.10040283203125, -0.126953125, -0.487060546875, -0.69873046875, -0.705078125, -0.8837890625, -1.0341796875, -1.1005859375, -2.09765625, -2.369140625, -2.763671875, -3.6796875, -4.73046875, -6.00390625, -6.2890625, -6.9765625, -7.14453125, -7.23046875, -7.45703125, -7.8125, -8.234375, -8.9921875, -9.46875, -9.703125 ]
Who wrote the lyrics for the song form Notting Hill sung by Elvis Costello?	[ "In 1999, Costello contributed a version of \"She\", released in 1974 by Charles Aznavour and Herbert Kretzmer, for the soundtrack of the film Notting Hill, with Trevor Jones producing. For the 25th anniversary of Saturday Night Live, Costello was invited to the programme, where he re-enacted his abrupt song-switch: This time, however, he interrupted the Beastie Boys' \"Sabotage\", and they acted as his backing group for \"Radio Radio\".", "The lyrics of Elvis Costello's song \"A Drunken Man's Praise of Sobriety\" were written by: William Butler Yeats", "The lyrics were written by a steel guitar player from Nashville named Tommy Durden, who was once a dishwasher repairman. Durden, who died in 1999, said he was inspired by a newspaper story about a man who killed himself and left behind a note saying only, \"I walk a lonely street.\" Another Nashville songwriter named Mae Boren Axton wrote the music, and Elvis' manager Tom Parker arranged for Elvis to receive a songwriting credit in exchange for singing it. This meant that royalties were split between Durden, Axton, and Elvis. In a 1982 interview, Durden said this song \"has paid the rent for more than 20 years.\"", "Elvis Costello has fun with a classic Sam & Dave Sixties song, which was written by Homer Banks and Allen Jones. \"Obviously the people that I admired, like the Beatles, were really into rock'n'roll, but it was already a little past rock'n'roll when I started listening and making my own choices about music. I've been lucky to listen to lots of different types of music,\" Costello said in 2004. ", "Music for the film was composed by Trevor Jones. Several additional songs written by other artists appeared on the film's soundtrack. These include Elvis Costello's cover of the Charles Aznavour song \"She\", as well as Ronan Keating's specially recorded cover version of \"When You Say Nothing at All\"; the song reached number one in the British charts. Originally, Charles Aznavour's version of \"She\" was used in the film, but American test screening audiences did not respond to it. Costello was then brought in by Richard Curtis to record a cover version of the song. Both versions of the song appear in non-U.S. releases.", "The debate over whether he is punk or new wave is long over; today Elvis Costello is less likely to be found on a list with Strummer and Scabies than he is with Bacharach and David and Jimmy Webb . Lauded initially for his energetic and literate attacks on the social ills of Thatcher's England, he has become a peerless master of the popular song. The evolution of Costello's craft as a songwriter and performer, from the early high-octane polemics, through his stylistic experiments with country and soul, and on to standards written for others, is splendidly documented on this elegant two-disc set. Chronology is ignored in favor of a thoughtful program that catalogs the jewels from his prolific output and a sprinkling of covers that demonstrate the maturing of his singing voice. The 42 tracks here lean generously to the first 10 years with the Attractions, but also collects the best of his subsequent collaborations with the cream of America's session musicians and on through to \"She,\" his contribution to the soundtrack of 1999's Notting Hill . --Rob Stewart", "Elvis Costello was born Declan Patrick MacManus in London, England and raised in Liverpool. The son of British band leader Ross MacManus, Costello took his pseudonym from Elvis Presley and his mother's maiden name (Costello). He began performing professionally in 1969 and was a musician and/or singer in many bands around London before forming a moderately successful pub-rock band called \"Flip City\" in the mid-1970s. Working full time as a computer operator, he landed his first record deal with Stiff Records in 1977 and recorded his first album \"My Aim Is True\" while on vacation. The album was a smash hit in England and landed Costello a worldwide distribution deal with Columbia records. Forming his backup group, \"The Attractions\", for his second album, Costello went on to record several popular and influential albums over the next decade. Today, he is regarded as one of the most influential and popular singer/songwriters in modern music. In 1998, he collaborated with legendary tune smith, Burt Bacharach, on a highly successful album of love songs \"Painted From Memory\".", "Elvis Costello, the first new artist signed to Stiff Records back in 1977, is one of the UK's finest songwriters. Here Martin Chilton picks his 40 best songs.", "Costello's recording contract with Columbia Records ended after Blood & Chocolate. In 1987 he released compilation album, Out of Our Idiot on his U.K. label, Demon Records consisting of B-sides, side projects, and unreleased songs from recording sessions from 1980 to 1987. He signed a new contract with Warner Bros. and in early 1989 released Spike, which spawned his biggest single in the U.S., the Top 20 hit \"Veronica\", one of several songs Costello co-wrote with Paul McCartney. At the 1989 MTV Video Music Awards on 6 September in Los Angeles, \"Veronica\" won the MTV Award for Best Male Video. ", "Mike Stoller , Hall of fame songwriter from the Brill Building who, with Jewish friend Jerry Leiber , wrote defining songs for Elvis and others, including \"Stand By Me\", \"Hound Dog\", \"Loving You,\" \"Don't\", \"Young Blood\", \"Jailhouse Rock\", \"Searchin\", \"Yakety Yak\". Their music had an influence on both John Lennon's and Paul McCartney's songwriting.", "making it onto Rolling Stone magazine’s list of the ‘500 Greatest Songs of All Time’. That’s not the version that’s made it onto our list though - we’ve gone with its darker, scarier cousin, the cover penned by The White Stripes. The reason? Because for all its catchy rhythm, Parton’s jaunty version just doesn’t sound pained enough - not considering the lyrical content. When you hear those same lyrics fed through White’s fraught and fragile windpipe, it’s an emotion you can believe in. Our next nomination takes us across the channel for the first time - to Will Ozanne’s wet and rainy London, specifically. Released under his Gang Colours moniker, the beautiful ‘Why Didn’t You Call?’ is a much underrated gem. Telling the story of a fruitless exchange of phone numbers, Ozanne paints a heartrending scene with lines full of subtle, evocative suggestion, laid over his trademark scatter of drumbeats and plaintive piano melodies. It’s the lyrics, though - always a touch vague - that showcase Ozanne’s genius – there’s an ambiguity that", "A classy song. Elvis Costello has said that what pushed him on in music is \"the curiosity, a passion for new ideas\". He is pictured here with Brian Eno. ", "Elvis Costello emerged out of the brutal energy of punk, but with songs like ‘Oliver’s Army’, it was clear he had a lot more to say. The first line has something of the pub philosopher about it, the reference to Oliver Cromwell in relation to the concomitant troubles in Northern Ireland was inspired.", "Elvis Costello (performing here at the Cornbury Music Festival in 2012) is a witty writer, too. On This is Hell, he sings ", "A song huge enough to put a full stop on Costello’s early career, I Want You begins with a gently romantic acoustic folk prelude before becoming a nightmare. Costello plays the cuckolded lover and defines the sado-masochistic self-laceration of a man driven insane by sexual jealousy, cruelly prodding the object of his desire for sexual details, torturing himself and her, abruptly switching between bullying and whining. The music’s slow blues crawls sickeningly until he pleads for her to “kill it”. GM", "Originally written by Damon Albarn for Marianne Faithfull – and included on her 2005 Before the Poison album as Last Song – this eerie meditation on times past was substantially rewritten for the album by the unnamed supergroup (The Good, the Bad and the Queen is technically the name of the album, not the band) featuring Albarn, Paul Simonon, Simon Tong and Tony Allen. A song about a song written on London’s Goldhawk Road “before the war”, it is haunted by images of greenery turning to stone, yet ends with the love’s “honesty” apparently conquering all. GM", "Wrote the music and lyrics for Passion (1994); Assassins (1991); Into The Woods (1987); Sunday in the Park With George (1984); Merrily We Roll Along (1981); Sweeney Todd (1979); Pacific Overtures (1976); The Frogs (1974); A Little Night Music (1973); Follies (1971, revised in London, 1987); Company (1970); Anyone Can Whistle (1964); and A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to the Forum (1962); as well as the lyrics for West Side Story (1957); Gypsy (1959); Do I Hear a Waltz? (1965), and additional lyrics for Candide (1973).", "A composition by Paul and Elvis Costello, 3 minutes and 17 seconds in length, which was included on the Flowers In The Dust album.", "PAINTED FROM MEMORY Unlike most traditional memoirs, Elvis Costello’s Unfaithful Music & Disappearing Ink (Blue Rider, $30, 688 pages, ISBN 9780399167256) eschews any narrative structure, moving freely out from his childhood in Liverpool and London, where he accompanied his father to dance halls, soaking up the chords and vibes. In school, he managed to talk a couple of friends out of an “unhealthy fascination with the music of Emerson, Lake & Palmer” and turn them on to the acoustic music then flowing out of Laurel Canyon. Costello mulls over his associations", "Elvis Costello songs sometimes hark back to the Merseyside he knew as a child and a young man. Little Palaces, with its bleak picture of ‘chocolate town’ evokes the terraced houses of Birkenhead and the nearby Cadbury’s factory in Moreton where his father worked. \"This concerns the town where my family ended up, and the things that have happened to it ever since,\" he said. ", "ELVIS COSTELLO was best known for album \"My Aim is True\", which now has a new wave punk classic, including the hit singles \"Alison\" and \"Watching the Detectives\".", "A simple, bleak and powerful song about love gone bad from Elvis Costello (pictured in 1978). ", "The title of a 2002 song by Elvis Costello, \"45\", both referring to the 45 rpm singles and to the artist's age when he wrote the song, which was released when he was 47", "In 1988, Costello co-wrote \"At the Other End (of the Telescope)\" with Aimee Mann; this song appears on the Til Tuesday album Everything's Different Now.", "Elvis Costello then tries his hand at classical music in a joint effort with The Brodsky Quartet on ‘The Juliet Letters’ (1993) (UK no. 18, US no. 125).", " \"Baby It’s You,\" duet with Elvis Costello, on the single \"The Only Flame in Town,\" by Elvis Costello and the Attractions (1984)", "The Notting Hillbillies covered this song a few times during their short 1998 tour. Mark Knopfler also covered it.", "How Bruce Springsteen and Margaret Thatcher — plus a little revenge and guilt — inspired some of Costello's greatest work", "One of the most admired British songwriters, his songs have been covered by hundreds of artists. Well known versions of his songs include The Jam 's \"David Watts\", The Pretenders ' \"Stop Your Sobbing\", The Stranglers ' \"All Day and All of the Night\", David Bowie 's \"Where Have All the Good Times Gone\" and Van Halen 's \"You Really Got Me\".", "He's also explored an array of styles, from country to classical, that reflect his ever-broadening taste. \"When you hear stuff and it leaves you cold, it passes you by, it is not the fault of the music,\" says Costello. \"You weren't ready.\" He claims that he's not as prolific as he seems, that his \"big curse is indolence.\" But he also acknowledges that even as he finished his book, he was working on 40 new songs. \"That is not somebody who is slowing down,\" he says.", "What's up with Elvis Costello's songs? I can't put my finger on it. It's like they're all in some weird time signature, but they're not.", "The music hall song \"It's a Long Way to Tipperary\" mentions Piccadilly and Leicester Square in its lyrics. It was written in 1912 about an Irishman living in London, but became popular after being adopted by the mostly Irish Connaught Rangers during World War I." ]	[ 0.88525390625, 0.8671875, 0.662109375, -0.6943359375, -0.8447265625, -1.0361328125, -1.9208984375, -2.158203125, -2.65625, -3.71875, -3.859375, -4.16015625, -4.19140625, -4.36328125, -4.46484375, -4.75, -4.81640625, -4.87109375, -4.921875, -4.95703125, -5.03515625, -5.6328125, -5.8984375, -6.0859375, -6.234375, -6.3671875, -6.5859375, -7.21875, -7.52734375, -7.53125, -7.6484375, -8.4140625 ]
In what year does Demolition Man take place?	[ "Demolition Man takes place in 2032 in the super city of “San Angeles”, a combination of Los Angeles and San Diego into one massive city. If this sounds familiar, it’s because 1982’s Blade Runner, 1994’s Double Dragon, 2007’s Power Rangers: Operation Overdrive, and even Sylvester Stallone’s own 1995 movie Judge Dredd took place in San Angeles. It’s a surprisingly common name for a common concept that reoccurs in different forms of science fiction.", "Demolition Man takes place mostly in the year 2032. After an alluded period of anarchy in the early 21st century, Edgar Cocteau – a social utopian with unspecified authority – led the rebuilding of the ruined Los Angeles metroplex into San Angeles. Everything remotely harmful has been made illegal, including booze, caffeine, nicotine and sex. Few recognized corporations survive today, having destroyed each other in the Franchise Wars. The few police in San Angeles have little training in handling truly violent offenders.", "Set in the year 2032, Demolition Man centers on an infamous 20th-century cop who is released from his cryo-prison to face an old nemesis (Wesley Snipes) and unravels a larger conspiracy behind the peaceful world he discovers upon his awakening. The film received mixed reviews but has since become popular for its tongue-in-cheek version of the future as well as delightful performances by Snipes — as the colorful villain Simon Phoenix — and a pre-Speed Sandra Bullock. Plus, though it’s played as a joke, the film predicted Arnold Schwarzenegger’s entrance into politics. Well-played, Demolition Man.", "In the 1993 Warner Bros. film Demolition Man , as Sylvester Stallone 's character is fighting the malfunctioning AI of his out-of-control police car, he shouts for the system to \"Brake! Brake! Brake now, you Mickey Mouse piece of shit!\" [68]", "In the 1993 Warner Bros. film Demolition Man , as Sylvester Stallone 's character is fighting the malfunctioning AI of his out-of-control police car, he shouts for the system to \"Brake! Brake! Brake, now, you Mickey Mouse piece of ***!\" [47]", "The Demolition Man is John Spartan, a cop from 1996 Los Angeles who doesn’t play by the rules but still gets results. When his takedown of longtime nemesis Simon Phoenix results in a massive number of civilian casualties, he and Phoenix are sent to the same cryo-prison. There they remain in suspended animation until 2032, when Spartan is revived to take Phoenix out.", "Hungarian science fiction writer István Nemere says that most of Demolition Man is based on his novel Holtak harca (Fight of the Dead), published in 1986. In the novel, a terrorist and his enemy, a counter-terrorism soldier, are cryogenically frozen and awakened in the 22nd century to find violence has been purged from society. Nemere claimed that a committee proved that 75% of the film is identical to the book. He chose not to initiate a lawsuit, as it would have been too expensive for him to hire a lawyer and fight against major Hollywood forces in the United States. He also claimed that Hollywood has plagiarized works of many Eastern European writers after the fall of the Iron Curtain, and that he knows the person he claims to be responsible for illegally selling his idea to the filmmakers. ", "Searching for new directions, Sylvester Stallone starred in this farcical, 1993 SF piece about an ex-cop (Stallone) freed from 36 years of forced hibernation to help catch a criminal (Wesley Snipes) who released himself from a similar incarceration. The futuristic story finds Los Angeles a sea of Taco Bells and enforced peace, and within that satiric overview Stallone’s character becomes a gun-toting fish out of water. The film plays like a live-action cartoon, and while there is nothing particularly wrong with that, Demolition Man is a rather flat experience. The irony of a peaceable society that both requires and despises its bloody saviors has been captured far more profoundly in movies like Dirty Harry. Sandra Bullock costars. The DVD release has optional full-screen and widescreen presentations, production notes, theatrical trailer, Dolby sound, optional Spanish soundtrack, and optional French and Spanish subtitles. –Tom Keogh", "Demolition Man Violence has been outlawed in the politically correct regime of 2032, and the only weapons in existence are consigned to a museum, but when an escaped psychopath heads straight for the museum, the authorities decide the only eﬀective recourse they have is to thaw out a violent, cryogenically frozen cop.", "Bullock had a prominent supporting role in the science-fiction/action film Demolition Man (1993), followed by a leading role in Speed the following year. Speed took in $350 million at the box office worldwide. ", "During production, a caption that mentions the Korean setting was added to the beginning of the film, at the request of 20th Century Fox studios. The Korean War is explicitly referenced in announcements on the camp public address system and during a radio announcement that plays while Hawkeye and Trapper are putting in Col. Merrill's office which also cites the film as taking place in 1951.", "In May 1993, Sting released a cover of his song from The Police's album Ghost in the Machine, \"Demolition Man\" for the film Demolition Man.", "Based on the 1930's pulp fiction and radio drama series, the film pits the hero against his arch enemy, Shiwan Khan, who plans to take over the world by holding a city ransom using an atom bomb. Using his powers of invisibility and \"The power to cloud men's minds\", the Shadow comes blazing to the city's rescue with explosive results. Written by Michael Ross <[email protected]>", "Were these groundbreaking calls in 1993? I’ll yield the last word to Vincent Canby, a voice from the past, who quipped in his review of the movie for the Times : “Demolition Man is a significant artifact of our time or, at least, of this week.”", " The Hollywood Sign is shown dilapidated as it had been in the 1970s. The sign had been repaired in 1978, two years prior to the events described in the film. ", "Chinatown is set in 1937 and portrays the manipulation of a critical municipal resource—water—by a cadre of shadowy oligarchs. It was the first part of Towne's planned trilogy about the character J.J. Gittes, the foibles of the Los Angeles power structure, and the subjugation of public good by private greed. The second part, The Two Jakes, was about another grab for a natural resource—oil—with a thicker-torsoed Gittes in the 1940s. It was directed by Jack Nicholson and released in 1990, but the second film's commercial and critical failure scuttled plans to make Gittes vs. Gittes, about the third finite resource—land—in Los Angeles, circa 1968.", "Armageddon is a 1998 American science-fiction disaster film, directed by Michael Bay, produced by Jerry Bruckheimer and released by Disney's Touchstone Pictures. The film follows a group of blue-collar deep-core drillers sent by NASA to stop a gigantic asteroid on a collision course with Earth. It features an ensemble cast including William Fichtner, Bruce Willis, Ben Affleck, Billy Bob Thornton, Liv Tyler, Owen Wilson, Will Patton, Peter Stormare, Michael Clarke Duncan and Steve Buscemi.", "RoboCop is the 2014 American action film directed by Josï¿½ Padilha. It is a remake of the 1987 film of the same name and reboot of the RoboCop franchise. The film stars Joel Kinnaman in the title role, with Gary Oldman, Michael Keaton, Samuel L. Jackson, Abbie Cornish and Jackie Earle Haley in supporting roles.", "The second film (Short Circuit 2, 1988) centers on Benjamin Jabituya (now inexplicably called Benjamin \"Jahrvi\"), who helped program Number Five and was blackballed as a result. Living out of a truck, Ben now hustles little NOVA-inspired toys in Manhattan, but he's having problems getting production up to speed. So, Stephanie sends Number Five, now calling himself Johnny Five, who is a one robot production line. Unfortunately, Ben's business partner Fred Ritter sees other opportunities. But all this takes a back seat to Johnny being manipulated by thieves to help in a bank heist, which shatters Johnny's naiveté and leaves him wanting revenge.", "RoboCop is a 1987 American science fiction action film directed by Paul Verhoeven and written by Edward Neumeier and Michael Miner. The film stars Peter Weller, Nancy Allen, Dan O'Herlihy, Kurtwood Smith, Miguel Ferrer, and Ronny Cox. Set in a crime-ridden Detroit, Michigan, in the near future, RoboCop centers on police officer Alex Murphy (Weller) who is brutally murdered by a gang of criminals and subsequently revived by the malevolent mega-corporation Omni Consumer Products (OCP) as a superhuman cyborg law enforcer known as \"RoboCop\".", "RoboCop is a 1987 American cyberpunk action film directed by Paul Verhoeven and written by Edward Neumeier and Michael Miner. The film stars Peter Weller, Nancy Allen, Dan O'Herlihy, Kurtwood Smith, Miguel Ferrer, and Ronny Cox. Set in a crime-ridden Detroit, Michigan, in the near future, RoboCop centers on police officer Alex Murphy (Weller) who is brutally murdered by a gang of criminals and subsequently revived by the megacorporation Omni Consumer Products (OCP) as a superhuman cyborg law enforcer known as \"RoboCop\".", "The cut-off year given for the source material used here was 1999. However, the history of Metropolis differs significantly between the current general DC Universe and the universe presented in the Superman Movieverse. This is reflected in the history below.", "Assault on Precinct 13 (1976) : A man kills a gang member and takes refuge in a police station that is about to be decommissioned. The gang proceeds to besiege the station, and the police and criminals-awaiting-transfer within must work together to defend themselves. By John Carpenter. Remade in 2005.", "But it only takes one semi-accurate act of augury to cement celluloid immortality. And, believe it or not, Demolition Man may have just done that.", "This time around, Detroit somehow looks bland and nice. The villainous corporation in the original RoboCop, Omni Consumer Products, schemed about pacifying Old Detroit to raze it and develop a new metropolis, Delta City, on the site. The new RoboCop has abandoned that plot line; it already appears to be set in Delta City, anyway. There are some dilapidated parts, the way there are shabby items for sale in Restoration Hardware, but the terror of a city in collapse is gone.", "Mark L. Lester, Newt Arnold No wimps! Get ready for a knock-down, shake-down Showdown in Little Tokyo (Side A) when Dolph Lundgren and Brandon Lee team in the \"smart, fast-moving martial-arts action-adventure\" (Kevin Thomas, Los Angeles Times). L.A.'s colorful Little Tokyo is the setting as buddy cops Lundgren and Lee battle an entrenched cadre of Japanese gangsters (and try to avoid being filleted into sashimi by Yakuza swordsmen!). Jean-Claude Van Damme makes his first headlining role one to remember in Bloodsport (Side B), a stirring brawlfest about the first Westerner ever to win the Kumite, Hong Kong's fierce, single-elimination world championship of full-contact fighting. This is action that connects again and again!", "Omni Consumer Products (OCP), on the verge of bankruptcy, creates an armed force called the Urban Rehabilitators (\"Rehabs\" for short), under the command of Paul McDaggett (John Castle). Ostensibly its purpose is to combat rising crime in Old Detroit, augmenting the ranks of the Detroit Police in apprehending violent criminals. In reality it has been set up to forcibly relocate the residents of Cadillac Heights, killing some of them (including the parents of Nikko, a Japanese-American computer whiz kid) in the process. The Police force is gradually superseded by the Rehabs, and violent crime begins to spiral out of control.", "Superman [Clark Kent]; George Taylor; Lois Lane; Sgt. Casey [as Sgt. Clancy]; John (cameo, contruction company head, death); Sam Goetz; Mr. Jackson (villain, introduction); Mayor Hansen (villain, introduction)", "The demolition company that is seen in the game is called \"Bay Demolition\", a reference to Michael Bay , who directed the film version. See more »", "Omni Consumer Products (OCP), on the verge of bankruptcy, creates an armed force called the Urban Rehabilitators (\"Rehabs\" for short), under the command of Paul McDaggett (John Castle). Ostensibly its purpose is to combat rising crime in Old Detroit, augmenting the ranks of the Detroit Police in apprehending violent criminals. In reality it has been set up to forcibly relocate the residents of Cadillac Heights, killing some of them (including the parents of Nikko, a Japanese-American computer whiz kid) in the process. The police force is gradually superseded by the Rehabs, and violent crime begins to spiral out of control. The Delta City dream of the former OCP CEO, \"Old Man\", lives on with the help of the Japanese zaibatsu Kanemitsu Corporation, which has bought a controlling stake in the organisation. Kanemitsu (Mako) sees the potential in the citywide redevelopment, and moves forward with the plans to remove the current citizens. The company develops and uses its own ninja robots (called \"Otomo\") to help McDaggett and the OCP President (Rip Torn) overcome the resistance of the anti-OCP militia forces.", "A side-scrolling beat-em up was made by Acclaim, and released for the major platforms of the time (such as the Super NES, Sega Genesis, and Game Boy) to tie-in with the film. It loosely follows the events of the film.", "The climax features Bond climbing over, under, on top of and inside multiple moving trucks. Which other famous action hero could that be referencing?" ]	[ 7.6875, 7.52734375, 7.44140625, 3.015625, 2.919921875, 2.740234375, 2.443359375, 1.427734375, 1.3466796875, 0.5869140625, -1.55078125, -1.6142578125, -2.119140625, -3.24609375, -3.267578125, -3.470703125, -3.82421875, -3.982421875, -4.4375, -4.62109375, -4.91796875, -5.25390625, -5.44140625, -6.5625, -7.828125, -8.2109375, -8.375, -8.5546875, -8.5703125, -9.09375, -9.2421875, -10.109375 ]
Who played a character based on Bob Fosse in a 1979 Oscar winning film?	[ "Fosse's largely semi-autobiographical, Best Picture-nominated All That Jazz (1979), which won only the Best Art Direction Oscar from its six nominations, was a frenzied combination of choreography, flashbacks, and surrealism, with Roy Scheider as Joe Gideon (based on Fosse himself working on the production of the musical Chicago in 1975) - a work-obsessed, self-destructive Broadway choreographer and director. Many of the characters were either based on people in Fosse's life or characters who essentially played themselves. It was notable for Gideon's early-morning greeting in front of a mirror: \"It's show time!\", and for his by-pass surgery scene. [Rob Marshall's version of Fosse's play, Chicago (2002) won the Best Picture Oscar.]", "After directing and choreographing the revue Dancin’ (1978, winning his seventh Tony® for Choreography) on Broadway, Fosse turned again to film, this time with his nakedly autobiographical All That Jazz (1979). The action centers on his 1975 heart attack, and nearly every character in the movie represents a real person in his life: the role of wife Verdon, from whom Fosse was now separated, was taken by Leland Palmer; Roy Scheider played Fosse himself, John Lithgow represented his rival Michael Bennett, and several in the cast essentially played themselves, including Fosse’s daughter Nicole and dancer Ann Reinking, with whom he was living at the time. (He remained legally married to Verdon until the end of his life; in fact died in her presence.) All That Jazz took four Academy Awards®, earned Fosse his third Oscar® nomination for Best Director, and won the Palme d’Or at the 1980 Cannes Film Festival.", "But Scheider bounced back from his box-office flop with the 1979 film All That Jazz. The movie gave viewers a sneak peek into the making of a Broadway musical, while also telling the semi-autobiographical story about choreographer and director Bob Fosse. Because Scheider played Fosse, the actor had to learn how to dance for the role. His performance landed Scheider another Oscar nomination, this time for Best Actor.", "Francis Ford Coppola has been in competition with Bob Fosse on several occasions. In 1972, Coppola was nominated for the Best Director Oscar ( The Godfather (1972)), but lost to Fosse ( Cabaret (1972)). In 1974, Fosse was nominated for Best Director ( Lenny (1974)) but lost to Coppola ( The Godfather: Part II (1974)). In 1979, both were nominated as directors ( Apocalypse Now (1979) and All That Jazz (1979)), but both lost. When Fosse won the Palme d'Or at the Cannes Film Festival (Coppola won the previous year), he tied with Akira Kurosawa , whose movie was produced by George Lucas and Francis Ford Coppola.", "Rex Reed once said of Bob Fosse (in a review of his performance as The Snake in The Little Prince ), \"The man can do anything!\" Somewhat effusive, Reed's comment nonetheless has more than a kernel of truth: Fosse won eight Tonys, one Oscar, and one Emmy over the course of his career. In fact, he garnered four of the awards (the Oscar for Cabaret , the Emmy for Liza with a Z , and two Tonys for Pippin ) in one year.", "At the close of the decade, Bob Fosse, whom Lange had befriended and with whom had carried a casual romantic affair, cast Lange as the Angel of Death, a part that he had written specifically for her in his semiautobiographical film, All That Jazz (1979).", "Influenced initially by the work of Jack Cole, Fred Astaire, and Jerome Robbins, Fosse was fluent in a dizzying mix of styles: in Redhead alone he incorporated elements of the ballet, jazz, march, cancan, gypsy dance, and the traditional English music-hall. Nor had he any reservations about drawing upon the seamier facts of his own personal life: his 1979 film All That Jazz – written, directed, and choreographed by himself – laid it all out: his compulsive chain-smoking, drinking, drug-taking, and womanizing.", "He won an Oscar for playing John Bayley in Iris (2001), making him one of 17 actors to win the Award for playing a real person who was still alive at the evening of the Award ceremony (as of 2015). The other sixteen actors and their respective performances are: Spencer Tracy for playing Father Edward Flanagan in Boys Town (1938), Gary Cooper for playing Alvin C. York in Sergeant York (1941), Patty Duke for playing Helen Keller in The Miracle Worker (1962), Jason Robards for playing Ben Bradlee in All the President's Men (1976), Robert De Niro for playing Jake La Motta in Raging Bull (1980), Sissy Spacek for playing Loretta Lynn in Coal Miner's Daughter (1980)_, Jeremy Irons for playing Claus Von Bullow in Reversal of Fortune (1990), Susan Sarandon for playing Sister Helen Prejean in Dead Man Walking (1995), Geoffrey Rush for playing David Helfgott in Shine (1996), Julia Roberts for playing Erin Brockovich in Erin Brockovich (2000), Helen Mirren for playing Queen Elizabeth II in The Queen (2006), Sandra Bullock for playing Leigh Anne Tuohy in The Blind Side (2009), Melissa Leo for playing Alice Eklund-Ward in The Fighter (2010), Christian Bale for playing Dickie Eklund in The Fighter (2010), Meryl Streep for playing Margaret Thatcher in The Iron Lady (2011) and Eddie Redmayne for playing Stephen Hawking in The Theory of Everything (2014).", "Fosse performed a song and dance number in Stanley Donen's 1974 film version of The Little Prince. According to AllMusic, \"Bob Fosse stops the show with a slithery dance routine.\" In 1977, Fosse had a small role in the romantic comedy Thieves. ", "Lawrence Kasdan ‘s first screenplay, [5] the film was originally proposed in 1976 with Steve McQueen and Diana Ross in the leads, but negotiations fell through as McQueen refused to be billed second to Ross. [8] It was proposed again in 1979, starring Ryan O’Neal and Ross again in the leads. The project fell through due to irreconcilable differences in the relationship between the two stars. Costner stated that he based Frank Farmer on Steve McQueen; even cutting his hair like McQueen (who had died 12 years earlier).", "53. orig. Robert Louis Fosse; born June 23, 1927, Chicago, Ill., United States died September 23, 1987, Washington, D.C. United States theatre and film choreographer and director. Born into a vaudeville family, Fosse began dancing professionally at age 13. He won his first Tony Award for choreographing the Broadway musical The Pajama Game (1954) and went on to win six more Tonys for his choreography, which was known for its sensuality, precision and jazz sensibility. His later hit shows included Damn Yankees (1955) and Sweet Charity (1966); both starring his wife, Gwen Verdon (1925; 2000); as well as Pippin (1973) and Dancin' (1978). He directed the film musical Cabaret (1972, Academy Award); his film All That Jazz (1979) was a thinly disguised autobiography.", "He took no acting roles following his appearance in Otto Preminger's version of The Human Factor (1979) until his appearance as John Hammond in Steven Spielberg's Jurassic Park (1993) and the film's sequel, The Lost World: Jurassic Park (1997). He starred in the remake of Miracle on 34th Street (1994) as Kris Kringle. Later he made occasional appearances in supporting roles, including as Sir William Cecil in the historical drama Elizabeth (1998), Jacob in Joseph and the Amazing Technicolor Dreamcoat and as \"The Narrator\" in the film adaptation of Spike Milligan's comedy book Puckoon (2002). ", "In 1969 Sweet Charity was made into a film (it had been suggested originally by Fellini’s Nights of Cabiria), Fosse directing, starring Shirley MacLaine in the Gwen Verdon role. Fosse’s second directorial film venture was a true blockbuster, Cabaret with Liza Minnelli and Michael York, which ran away with eight Academy Awards® in 1973, including one for Best Director. This, with the two Emmy Awards he won (Direction and Choreography) for the 1972 television concert Liza with a Z and the Pippin Tony®, made for an extraordinary accretion of Awards in a single year (1973): a Tony®, an Emmy, and an Oscar®, all for Best Director.", "Full Metal Jacket is a 1987 war film produced, directed and co-written by Stanley Kubrick. It is an adaptation of Gustav Hasford's 1979 novel The Short-Timers and stars Matthew Modine, Vincent D'Onofrio, R. Lee Ermey, Arliss Howard and Adam Baldwin. The film follows a platoon of U.S. Marines through their training and the experiences of two of the platoon's Marines in the Tet Offensive during the Vietnam War. The film's title refers to the full metal jacket bullet used by infantry riflemen.", "A movie version of Hair, with a screenplay by Michael Weller, was directed by Miloš Forman and released in 1979. Filmed primarily in New York City's Central Park and Washington Square Park, the cast includes Treat Williams, Beverly D'Angelo, John Savage, Foley and Golden. Several of the songs were deleted, and the film's storyline departs significantly from the musical. The character of Claude is rewritten as an innocent draftee from Oklahoma, newly arrived in New York to join the military, and Sheila is a high-society debutante who catches his eye. In perhaps the greatest diversion from the stage version, a mistake leads Berger to go to Vietnam in Claude's place, where he is killed. ", "In September 1987 Sweet Charity, directed by Bob Fosse and assistant-directed by Gwen Verdon, was being revived at the National Theatre in Washington, D.C. Just as the show was opening, Fosse had a massive heart attack on the sidewalk outside the theatre and collapsed in his hotel room in Verdon’s arms. He died on the way to the hospital, and his death was announced to the cast after a standing ovation at the end of the evening.", "Dreyfuss went on to star in the box office blockbusters Jaws (1975) and Close Encounters of the Third Kind (1977), both directed by Steven Spielberg. He won the 1978 Academy Award for Best Actor at the 50th Academy Awards ceremony for his portrayal of a struggling actor in The Goodbye Girl (1977), becoming the youngest actor to do so (at the age of 30 years, 125 days old), besting Marlon Brando, who had won his first Oscar in 1955 at the age of 30 years 360 days old. This record stood for 25 years until it was broken in 2003 by Adrien Brody, who was three weeks shy of age 30 at the time of the 75th Academy Awards ceremony.", "Full Metal Jacket is a 1987 war film produced and directed by Stanley Kubrick. It is an adaptation of the 1979 novel The Short-Timers by Gustav Hasford and stars Matthew Modine, Vincent D'Onofrio, R. Lee Ermey, Arliss Howard and Adam Baldwin. The film follows a platoon of U.S. Marines through their training and the experiences of two of the platoon in the Tet Offensive during the Vietnam War. The film title refers to the full metal jacket bullet used by infantry riflemen.", "He was going to star as the lead in Hanover Street (1979), but dropped out to mount a concert tour instead. Harrison Ford got the part.", "The film might have looked very different: Jack Nicholson and Robert De Niro both turned down the part and agents at CAA initially pictured Bill Murray as Raymond, with Hoffman as Charlie. Once cast, Hoffman spent time with the real savant who inspired Raymond, Kim Peeks. According to IMDB, Hoffman got to play Charlie anyway, since he and Cruise switched roles during rehearsal.", "He recovered and began shaping his nascent young adult career appearing on TV as a younger version of his father in the acclaimed TV-movie Silent Night, Lonely Night (1969) (TV), and in the strange Burgess Meredith film The Yin and the Yang of Mr. Go (1970). Following fine notices for his portrayal of a white student caught up in the racially-themed Halls of Anger (1970), his career-maker arrived just a year later when he earned a coming-of-age role in the critically-acclaimed ensemble film The Last Picture Show (1971). The Peter Bogdanovich- helmed film made stars out off its young leads (Bridges, Timothy Bottoms, Cybill Shepherd) and Oscar winners out of its older cast (Ben Johnson, Cloris Leachman). The part of Duane Jackson, for which Jeff received his first Oscar-nomination (for \"best supporting actor\"), set the tone for the types of roles Jeff would acquaint himself with his fans—rambling, reckless, rascally and usually unpredictable).", "A Bug's Life is a 1998 computer-animated Disney / Pixar movie. The film is loosely inspired by the fable \"The Ant and the Grasshopper\" and the classic samurai film The Seven Samurai, it is the second Pixar movie and tells the story of an outcast inventor ant named Flik ( Dave Foley ), who recruits a group of circus bugs he mistakes for warriors when his colony is threatened by a group of grasshoppers. It is the second animated The film was directed by John Lasseter and co-directed Andrew Stanton . The movie takes place during 1995 , the same year Toy Story was released.", "Outrageousness prevailed in the Delta fraternity house (at Faber College) in director John Landis' gross-out comedy National Lampoon's Animal House (1978), with Saturday Night Live TV comedian John Belushi in his film debut as Bluto Blutarsky (memorable for instigating a gross food fight and for the comic line: \"Was it over when the Germans bombed Pearl Harbor?\"). Other TV stars were crossing over into films in the decade: Chevy Chase (from SNL) and Goldie Hawn (from TV's Laugh-In) starred in the funny murder mystery Foul Play (1978). Youth-oriented stars Bill Murray, Dan Aykroyd, Eddie Murphy, Martin Short, and Michael J. Fox would all find stardom in Hollywood. Stand-up comic Steve Martin, another cross-over following performances on TV's SNL, scored big with The Jerk (1979), the first starring role for the comedian. He starred as Navin Johnson, a white man who found out that his adoptive parents were black.", "In 1999, Sam Rockwell played the hapless Guy in Galaxy Quest, as well as the horrifying Wild Bill in The Green Mile. People literally had to be told that it was the same guy, which both exemplifies how good of a character actor the man is, and also explains why you probably don’t know his name.", "Actor. He will perhaps be best remembered for his Oscar nominated role as 'George' in the picture \"Mona Lisa\" (1987) and for playing 'Private Detective Eddie Valiant\" in the animated-action film \"Who Framed Roger Rabbit?\" (1988). Raised in North London, his father was a clerk, his mother was a cook, Bob was not keen on his studies and dropped out of school at the age of fifteen. He worked at numerous odd-jobs which included a fire-eater at a circus until his engaging personality provided opportunities for him to pursue acting as a career. He acquired experience in Shakespearean plays at regional theaters and launched his TV and film career during the early 1970s. Among one of Hoskins' early impressionable achievements was his playing of gangster 'Harold Shand' in the film \"The Long Good Friday\". (bio by: C.S.)", "Fosse's final film, Star 80 (1983), was a controversial biopic about slain Playboy Playmate Dorothy Stratten. The film is based on the Pulitzer Prize-winning article on the same topic. The film was nominated for several awards, and was screened out of competition at the 34th Berlin International Film Festival. ", "Cliff Robertson won the Best Actor Oscar for his title role as Charly Gordon - a mentally-retarded, thirty year-old bakery worker temporarily made a genius through surgery in Charly (1968)", "Silent Movie is a 1976 comedy film directed by and starring Mel Brooks, and released by 20th Century Fox on June 17, 1976. The ensemble cast includes Dom DeLuise, Marty Feldman, Bernadette Peters, and Sid Caesar , with appearances by Anne Bancroft, Liza Minnelli, Burt Reynolds, James Caan, and Paul Newman playing themselves.", "Chevy Chase, another slapstick performer on SNL in the mid-70s noted for his numerous pratfalls (and he pioneered the \"Weekend Update\" segment), starred in many of the National Lampoon Vacation films (see above) as bumbling Clark Griswold, as well as in the comedy classics: Caddyshack (1980), and as the arrogant title character Irwin M. Fletcher - an undercover newspaper reporter in Fletch (1985) (sequeled as Fletch Lives (1989)). One of his earliest films was the offensive, anti-establishment sketch comedy film The Groove Tube (1972) composed of a series of satirical skits. He also co-starred with other funnymen Steve Martin and Martin Short in John Landis' comedy farce Three Amigos (1986).", "Tarka the Otter was adapted into a live-action film in 1979, including narration from British actor Peter Ustinov .", "Nationality: American. Born: Robert Louis Fosse in Chicago, 23 June 1927. Education: Amundsen High School, Chicago, graduated 1945; studied acting at American Theatre Wing, New York, 1947.", "He followed this with leading roles in the disaster film The Poseidon Adventure (1972) and Francis Ford Coppola's The Conversation (1974), which was nominated for several Oscars. That same year, Hackman appeared in what became one of his most famous comedic roles as the blind hermit in Young Frankenstein." ]	[ 5.13671875, 4.33203125, 3.849609375, 1.5419921875, 1.2529296875, -0.032257080078125, -2.287109375, -2.90234375, -3.041015625, -3.623046875, -3.8046875, -3.8203125, -3.830078125, -4.01953125, -4.125, -4.19921875, -4.48046875, -4.57421875, -4.66796875, -4.70703125, -4.76171875, -4.9140625, -5.0078125, -5.01953125, -5.27734375, -5.8359375, -5.86328125, -6.59765625, -6.71875, -6.78125, -6.890625, -6.89453125 ]
Where in Europe was much of Evita filmed?	[ "I then visited seven other countries before determining a strategy. I decided to start filming in Buenos Aires, and then move to Budapest, where I thought we could accurately replicate the once beautiful European architecture of Buenos Aires in the thirties and forties, which has since been decimated and replaced by hideous and mindless structures. (Filming any historical recreation of this nature would have been difficult even with complete cooperation.) Whether our stay in Buenos Aires would be shorter or longer than two weeks depended on the irate Peronistas who thought our project heretical and Madonna unsuitable to play their “Santa Evita.”", "Principal photography began in February 1996 and was finished in May.[http://www.mad-eyes.net/films/evita.htm \"Madonna movies - Evita\"], Mad-Eyes.net. Accessed Jan. 7, 2014. Madonna was paid a salary of $1 million for her role in the project. She personally lobbied then-Argentine president Carlos Menem for permission to film at the Casa Rosada, the executive mansion. Upon arrival in Argentina, the cast and crew faced protests over fears that the project would tarnish Eva Perón's image. They filmed in Buenos Aires for five weeks before moving to Budapest for a month.", "Evita is a 1996 American musical drama film based on Tim Rice and Andrew Lloyd Webber's musical of the same name about Eva Perón. Directed by Alan Parker and written by Parker and Oliver Stone, the film starred Madonna, Antonio Banderas, and Jonathan Pryce. The film was released on December 25, 1996 by Hollywood Pictures and Cinergi Pictures. The film received a mixed critical reception, but was a commercial success, grossing $141 million worldwide against a budget of $55 million.", "Costume designer Penny Rose began sewing fabric inserts into the back of the star's costumes. A waltz sequence between Evita and Che, to be pieced together with footage from three separate locations, was a bit of a worry: Madonna had already been shot wearing a clinging bias-cut gown in Buenos Aires, so she would have to wear the same dress in Budapest and London. The waltz scene documents for the ages three different stages of Madonna's swelling figure, visible to the discerning eye.", "Since those first productions, Evita has been performed all over the world, in Austria, Spain, Mexico, South Africa, and elsewhere ï¿½ although itï¿½s been banned in Argentina. Three national tours crisscrossed the United States for three and a half years after the Broadway run. After years of speculation over who would star in the film ï¿½ Barbra Streisand, Meryl Streep, John Travolta, and Elton John were all mentioned at some point ï¿½ director Alan Parkerï¿½s film version was released in 1996 with pop star Madonna as Eva and Antonio Banderas as Che. They restored one song from the London production, \"The Ladyï¿½s Got Potential,\" though with smart new lyrics from Rice chronicling the political history of Argentina leading up to Perï¿½n. Madonna was mostly dismissed but Banderas surprised many with his smoldering performance and his strong pop/rock singing. A new production is slated for Broadway in 2011 with pop star (and Broadway veteran) Ricky Martin as Che.", "I had the pleasure of being invited to the Broadway opening by the producer, Robert Stigwood. Robert asked me if I would like to make a film of Evita and I told him I’d give him my answer when I had finished my film, Fame, which I was then shooting in New York. After completing Fame and while enjoying some rest on the Caribbean island of St. Maarten I received a call from Robert, who said he was steaming toward the island in his yacht.", "By the late 20th century, Eva Perón had become the subject of numerous articles, books, stage plays, and musicals, ranging from the biography The Woman with the Whip to a 1981 TV movie called Evita Perón with Faye Dunaway in the title role. The most successful rendering of Eva Perón's life has been the musical production Evita. The musical began as a concept album co-produced by Tim Rice and Andrew Lloyd Webber in 1976, with Julie Covington in the title role. Elaine Paige was later cast in the title role when the concept album was adapted into a musical stage production in London's West End and won the 1978 Olivier Award for Best Performance in a Musical. In 1980, Patti LuPone won the Tony Award for Best Leading Actress in a Musical for her performance as the title character in the Broadway production. Nicholas Fraser claims that to date \"the musical stage production has been performed on every continent except Antarctica and has generated over $2 billion in revenue.\" ", "* In the Andrew Lloyd Webber musical, Evita, the narrator and main protagonist is a revolutionary based on Che Guevara. Though never referred to by his name \"Che\" in the musical itself, the character is identified as \"Che\" in the libretto, and in the title of one song \"The Waltz for Eva and Che\", wherein he cynically tells the story of Eva Perón, and the two finally confront one another during the Waltz. David Essex originated the role in London and Mandy Patinkin on Broadway (and Ricky Martin in the 2012 Broadway revival), and Antonio Banderas played it in the 1996 film version.", "9B02E0D91E31F936A15751C1A960958260 \"Evita: Madonna, Chic Pop Star, As Chic Political Star,\"] New York Times (Dec. 25, 1996). with Pfeiffer starring. Pfeiffer recorded a number of demo musical tracks, including \"Don't Cry For Me Argentina\", but Stone wanted to shoot the film in the UK, and Pfeiffer did not want to leave California as she had recently given birth to her son. Stone ultimately left the project, but shared screenwriting credit with Alan Parker. ", "Malta is quickly becoming one of Europe’s most versatile filming locations, with its mild winters and hot summers, this archipelago of islands (Malta, Gozo and Comino) makes outdoor filming possible nearly all year round and with its spectacular architectural backdrops, of Baroque Valletta, The Silent City of Mdina, The 3 cities of Cottonera and the traditional picturesque country and sea-side villages, the student is provided with a myriad of possible locations to choose from, all with their perfect backdrop, just like it did for major Blockbuster movies that have recognised this potential; to mention a few – Troy, Devil’s Double, Cut throat Island, Midnight Express, Open Water 2, Gladiator, pieces from the Da Vinci code, Game of Thrones and World War Z.", "Eva also visited Switzerland during her European tour, a visit that has been viewed as the worst part of the trip. According to the book Evita: A Biography by John Barnes, while she traveled down a street with many people crowding her car, someone threw two stones and smashed the windshield. She threw her hands up in shock, but was not injured. Later, while sitting with the Foreign Minister, protesters threw tomatoes at her. The tomatoes hit the Foreign Minister and splattered on Eva's dress. After these two events, Eva had had enough, and after two months, returned to Argentina.", "The film was shot in Budapest and Esztergom during October and November 2010. The cast were entirely local actors from various parts of former Yugoslavia, many of whom lived through the war. Jolie said she spoke with the cast about their experiences during the war and tried to incorporate them into the film. The film was also shot in two versions – one in English, the other in the local languages. ", "The film was nominated for five Academy Awards (Best Art Direction-Set Decoration, Best Cinematography, Best Film Editing, Best Sound, and won for best song (\"You Must Love Me\"). Evita won three Golden Globes including Best Picture (Comedy or Musical), Best Song, Best performance by an Actress in a Comedy/Musical. Antonio Banderas lost the Golden Globe to Tom Cruise. Other wins included three awards from the Satellite Awards (Best picture, Comedy or Musical, Best Costume Design and Outstanding original song). The National Board of Review listed the film in their top ten for 1996 and won the LAFCA (Los Angeles Film Critics Association) Award for Best Production Design (Brian Morris). The film was among the top 5 nominated in categories from over thirty other awards presenters that year. Following the success of the film, the government of Argentina released its own film biography of Perï¿½n, entitled Eva Perï¿½n, to correct alleged distortions in the Lloyd Webber account.", "Evita opened at the Prince Edward Theatre on 21 June 1978 and closed on 18 February 1986, after 3,176 performances. Elaine Paige played Eva with David Essex as Che and Joss Ackland as Perón. Paige was selected from among many hopefuls, after Julie Covington declined the role. Diana Terry played the mistress. The production was directed by Harold Prince, choreographed by Larry Fuller, and produced by Robert Stigwood. Paige was succeeded by Marti Webb, Stephanie Lawrence, Siobhán McCarthy (who had played The Mistress when the show opened), Jacquey Chappell and ultimately, Kathryn Evans with Maria Morgan. ", "In 1996 he produced the film of Evita, the Lloyd Webber-Rice musical that starred Madonna as Eva Peron. ", "For fifteen years I watched as the film of Evita was about to be made, and the various press releases were printed in the media. I have been furnished with the various news clippings from those years, and would first like to mention the stars that would supposedly be starring in the film. They include: Elaine Paige, Patti LuPone, Charo, Raquel Welch, Ann-Margret, Bette Midler, Meryl Streep, Barbra Streisand, Liza Minnelli, Diane Keaton, Olivia Newton-John, Elton John, John Travolta, Pia Zadora, Meat Loaf, Elliott Gould, Sylvester Stallone, Barry Gibb, Cyndi Lauper, Gloria Estefan, Mariah Carey, Jeremy Irons, Raul Julia and Michelle Pfeiffer. And then there were the directors: Ken Russell, Herb Ross, Alan Pakula, Hector Babenco, Francis Coppola, Franco Zeffirelli, Michael Cimino, Richard Attenborough, Glenn Gordon Caron and Oliver Stone.", "On a budget of $55 million, Evita opened at #2 with $8,381,055 in its wide opening weekend against The Relic. The film made $50,047,179 in the United States and an additional $91 million overseas, for a total of $141,047,179 worldwide. ", "In Evita (1996), Madonna played the title role of Eva Perón. For a long time, Madonna had desired to play Perón and wrote to director Alan Parker to explain why she would be perfect for the part. She said later, \"This is the role I was born to play. I put everything of me into this because it was much more than a role in a movie. It was exhilarating and intimidating at the same time..... And I am prouder of Evita than anything else I have done.\" After securing the role, she had vocal training and learned about the history of Argentina and Perón. During shooting she became ill several times due to the intense emotional effort required. However, as she told Oprah, she was also pregnant during the filming: \"I was winded after every take. I had to lie on the couch every ten minutes so I could recover from dizzy spells, I was worried that I was shaking the baby around too much and that would injure it in some way.\"Madonna on Oprah, December 13, 1996, American Broadcasting Company, 15:56 in. Madonna wrote in her personal diary at the time: \"Ironically, this feeling of vulnerability and weakness is helping me in the movie. I'm sure Evita felt this way every day of her life once she discovered she was ill.\" ", "The production was massive: during the 84-day shoot a total of 40,000 extras were dressed in period garb. Evita's funeral alone required a parade of 4,000 supplicants at the coffin. Madonna's wardrobe included a Fendi mink coat, Bulgari jewels and 30 pairs of custom-designed Ferragamo shoes. \"I had more suits than songs,\" says Jonathan Pryce. \"But not as many as Madonna.\"", "The memory and popularity of the Peróns, (especially Eva), remained long after their deaths. In the presidential election of 1989, a Perónist candidate, Carlos Saul Menem, won. In January of 1997, Eva's life story was told in Evita, a motion picture featuring an international cast portraying the life of Eva and Juan Perón. Evita featured American actress, Madonna as Eva Perón and British actor, Jonathan Pryce as Juan Perón.", "Madonna wanted to shoot the film in certain locations where the British Royal family reside. A representative from her commented: \"Madonna is keen to make the film as authentic as possible and would be very grateful if we are allowed to film at certain locations, She loves the UK and holds the Queen in the highest regard.\" Madonna decided to move back to the United Kingdom as the film would take six months to shoot. The budget of the film is £18 million ($36 million). Shooting began on July 5, 2010, and locations included London and Home Counties, with forays in New York and France. The Daily Mail reported that Madonna chose a pub in Kensington in west London, on July 21, 2010, to shoot some scenes for the film. She chose the top two floors of The Abingdon Pub, and worked for almost five hours there. This was followed by shooting scenes in the Club Quarters of Trafalgar Square on July 26, 2010. Other places where filming took place include the Stoke Park Country Club, Spa and Hotel in Buckinghamshire. ", "The film was shot in Dublin. Trinity College, Dublin, is used as the setting for the university, and University College Dublin, in Belfield, Dublin, is used for Rita's summer school. The rooms used by Bryant as his office and tutorial room were those of the College Historical Society and the University Philosophical Society, respectively; and while the building was considerably refurnished, the production chose to leave portraits of Douglas Hyde and Isaac Butt and committee photographs in the former, and a bust of John Pentland Mahaffy in the latter. No. 8 Hogan Avenue in Dublin 2 near Grand Canal Dock was used for Rita's house in the film, and one in Burlington Road, Ballsbridge for Bryant's. The scene where Rita runs into her ex Denny and his new wife was filmed in the South Lotts area of Ringsend. The scene in France was filmed in Maynooth, County Kildare, and Pearse Station and Dublin Airport were also used. The scene in the pub was shot in The Stag's Head pub on Dame Court in Dublin. However, the pub which Rita enters is the Dame Tavern which is opposite The Stag's Head. Filming also took place in Stonybatter with Aughrim St Church being used for the wedding scene. Stanhope St school was used as a production base. ", "As early as 1978, the musical was considered as the basis for a movie. After a nearly 20-year production delay, Madonna was cast in the title role for the film version and won the Golden Globe Award for \"Best Actress in a Musical or Comedy.\" In response to the American film, and in an alleged attempt to offer a more politically accurate depiction of Evita's life, an Argentine film company released Eva Perón: The True Story. The Argentine production starred actress Esther Goris in the title role. This movie was the 1996 Argentine submission for the Oscar in the category of \"Best Foreign Language Film.\"", "Malta's former capital, a fortified hilltop city some of whose buildings date from the 12th century, had a cameo role in The Count of Monte Cristo. The square and side streets around St Paul's Cathedral were used for a carnival scene set in Rome, in which the hero, Dantès, fakes the kidnapping of his son. Mdina also appeared in Cutthroat Island and the TV opera film The Death of Klinghoffer. A walk around the winding streets used by the Monte Cristo film crew is highly recommended, finishing at the fortifications on Bastion Square, which give you a stunning panoramic view of Malta.", "This is the best-known song from the 1978 musical Evita, featuring music by Andrew Lloyd Webber and lyrics by Tim Rice. The show tells the story of Argentine political leader Eva Perón, the second wife of Argentinean president Juan Perón. This song appears early in the second act as Evita addresses the crowd from the balcony of the Casa Rosada.", "Film set of a city … the sun goes down over Palermo. Photograph: Alamy Stock Photo", "My first thoughts were Anglea Merkel, Maggie Thatcher and Eva Duarte Peron. While I'm not crazy about first two mentioned - Evita just encahnces me...", "In Junin Evita had to make her first choice: \"Shall I remain a small town girl and marry here as so many girls do? Shall I be a teacher like Blanca? Or an employee like Elisa?\" By 1935 Evita had made up her mind: \"I'II be an actress.", "A famed sight for tourists from throughout the world, the Trevi Fountain is quite the stage prop as well! Besides La Dolce Vita, when Anita Ekberg jumped into the Trevi Fountain with her clothes on, the massive monument has been featured in many films including Roman Holiday, Three Coins in the Fountain and even The Lizzie McGuire Movie. The fountain is even replicated at Epcot in Walt Disney World!", "Penelope Cruz Sanchez was born on April 28, 1974, in Alcobendas, Madrid, Spain. She moved to Hollywood, California, to pursue acting. She won an Academy Award—becoming the first Spanish actress to do so—for her performance in the film Vicky Christina Barcelona.", "* – Pepe Barroso (businessman), Paquita Torres (former model and Miss Europe), Mario Pardo (actor), Lola Forner (actress), José Coronado (actor), Analía Gadé (actress), Miguel Báez \"El Litri\" (bullfighter), Laura Valenzuela (actress and TV host, presenter of Eurovision Song Contest 1969), Antonio de Senillosa (writer), Cyra Toledo (fashion model), José Oneto (journalist), María Vidaurreta (PhD in Political Sciences and lecturer), Jorge Sanz (actor), Emma Suárez (actress), Caty Arteaga (dancer), Jaime Andrada (architect)", "Was the inspiration for the character Ché in the Andrew Lloyd Webber / Tim Rice musical \"Evita\"." ]	[ 0.83740234375, 0.67822265625, -0.71875, -1.0361328125, -1.1630859375, -2.41015625, -2.42578125, -2.544921875, -2.685546875, -2.728515625, -2.927734375, -3.9140625, -4.0546875, -4.5859375, -4.59765625, -4.7265625, -4.8671875, -4.97265625, -4.984375, -5.0625, -5.3203125, -5.46484375, -5.921875, -5.953125, -6.10546875, -6.31640625, -7.375, -7.71484375, -8.015625, -8.046875, -8.0625, -8.96875 ]
What was the name of the butler in The Rocky Horror Picture Show?	[ "Riff Raff was the sinister, hunchbacked and scary-looking butler-handyman who hailed from another planet in The Rocky Horror Picture Show.", "Adapted by director Jim Sharman and Richard O’Brien from O’Brien’s stage musical The Rocky Horror Show, it tells the story of Brad and Janet from Denton in Ohio who, lost in the rain, find the castle of Doctor Frank-N-Furter. Also present is his strange butler Riff-Raff, weird maid Magenta (Patricia Quinn), motorcyclist Eddie (Meat Loaf) and his groupie Columbia (Little Nell Campbell). On this eventful night, during an annual convention of visitors from the planet Transexual, Frank-N-Furter is bringing handsome muscular Rocky Horror to life. Soon Eddie’s uncle and UFO investigator Doctor Everett Von Scott (Jonathan Adams) turns up to join in the proceedings.", "Rocky Horror creator Richard O'Brien, who played butler Riff Raff in the 1975 film, said that, in real life, Gray could not have been more different from his on-screen persona.", "The Rocky Horror Picture Show follows sweethearts Janet (Justice) and Brad (McCartan), who stumble upon Dr. Frank-N-Furter’s (Cox) bizarre abode. Frank-N-Furter, a sexually ambiguous, flirtatious alien mad-scientist – with the help of his faithful servants, Riff Raff (Carney) and Magenta – is holding an annual, Transylvanian science convention to showcase the birth of “Rocky Horror” (Nair) – a fit, attractive man created solely to fulfill Frank’s desires.", "A: The Rocky Horror Picture Show. In the film, a quirky doctor named Frank N. Furter (Tim Curry) brings his creature (Rocky) to life. Susan Sarandon, Barry Bostwick and Richard O'Brien (who wrote the story and played Riff-Raff) join up to sing \"Over at the Frankenstein Place.\"", "The Rocky Horror Picture Show (RHPS) (first released in the United Kingdom on 14 August 1975) is a comedy-horror musical film about a newly engaged couple whose car breaks down in an isolated area and who must pay a call to the bizarre residence of Dr. Frank-N-Furter.", "The very wealthy, endlessly enthusiastic Gomez Addams (John Astin) is madly in love with his refined wife, Morticia, née Frump (Carolyn Jones). Along with their daughter Wednesday (Lisa Loring), their son Pugsley (Ken Weatherwax), Uncle Fester (Jackie Coogan), and Grandma (Blossom Rock), they reside at 0001 Cemetery Lane in an ornate, gloomy, Second Empire-style mansion, attended by their servants: Lurch (Ted Cassidy), the towering butler, and Thing (billed as \"itself\", but portrayed by Cassidy and occasionally by Jack Voglin, when Lurch and Thing appear in the same scene), a", "Igor, the Count's butler, is a traditional horror servant based on the stock character Igor, and adds a decidedly dark streak to some of the show's humour. He greatly dislikes his master's behaviour, and often encourages him to act in a far more ghastly manner. Although he will generally obey Duckula's specific orders, he remains convinced that, if he could only talk Duckula into biting, maiming, torturing and otherwise brutalising people, he would return to the \"good old days\" of the previous counts who behaved more like evil vampires. Igor hates words such as \"bless you,\" \"nice,\" \"good,\" and \"lovely\". Such words make him cringe, since he prefers the darker and more sinister side of life. ", "In the 1994 redubs of the series, The Hood was voiced by Malachi Throne, most noted for his roles in \"Star Trek\" and \"It Takes Two\". The Hood also was working for some spirit called \"The Attrocinator\", which was a role played by a real actor. The actor being Tim Curry, noted for his roles of Dr. Frank-N-Furter in \"The Rocky Horror Picture Show\" and the Lord of Darkness in the film \"Legend\", also as the voice of Nigel in the classic Nickelodeon TV show \"The Wild Thornberrys\".", "His Frank ’N’ Furter is no receptacle of kitsch, the sort of stylishly cartoon-like figure Tim Curry embodied in the 1975 movie “ The Rocky Horror Picture Show ,” which has inspired generations of devotees to turn up costumed like him at midnight art-house showings. Jarvis had a notion for this “Rocky Horror,” directed by Alan Paul and Keith Alan Baker, of a darker portrait of a man taking too big a bite out of life, a nonconformist who lives on the edge and pays the ultimate price for it.", "(Photo : 20th Century Fox) Tim Curry (C) who played Dr. Frank-N-Furter in the original 1975 film \"The Rocky Horror Picture Show\" will play the part of the narrator in the Fox remake, due in the fall of 2016.", "In his role as Frank N Furter, a batty mad scientist, half Auntie Mame, half Bela Lugosi, Curry pounces upon the two bewildered ingenues who have wandered onto the stage of “The Rocky Horror Picture Show.”", "Break out your fishnets and pink rubber gloves…and let’s do the Time Warp again! The Rocky Horror Picture Show premiered in London, England, on August 14, 1975. Based on the hit London musical The Rocky Horror Show, the film featured many of the production’s original stars, including Tim Curry and the show's writer, Richard O'Brien. A box office flop at first, the movie soon became a cult classic, paving the way for a raucous midnight showing (complete with audience participation, props and costumes) at the Waverly Theatre in New York City. Thirty-eight years later, more than 200 midnight showings of The Rocky Horror Picture Show are held worldwide, and the film has grossed more than $365 million. In honor of the movie’s birthday, check out 38 facts about Brad, Janet and our favorite aliens from transsexual Transylvania. Oh, Rocky !", "This week, we got our first look at Laverne Cox ’s Dr. Frank-N-Furter in Fox’s upcoming live musical remake of The Rocky Horror Picture Show courtesy of Entertainment Weekly . Cox says her version of the character, originated by Tim Currry—who appears in the reboot as the film’s Narrator—has been compared to Grace Jones and David Bowie. “It’s way more elaborate and couture,” she tells Entertainment Weekly. “[Director] Kenny Ortega had this vision that Frank was at this old theater and found these old burlesque costumes and is, like, using them and wearing them now but has altered them a bit.”", "The jokes are mainly to do with the arrival at his decadent mansion of boringly straight Brad Majors (Barry Bostwick) and Janet Weiss (Susan Sarandon), just in time for Frank-N-Furter to unveil his latest creation, a handsome but rather effeminate-looking creature named Rocky Horror (Peter Hinwood). The film’s co-author, New Zealander Richard O’Brien, plays Riff-Raff, the mad doctor’s inevitably sinister hunchbacked assistant. Things progress complicatedly and rather feebly from there – the film is weaker than the original stage show – but is laced with enjoyable in-jokes for genre fans, especially in the lyrics to some of the songs such as ‘Science Fiction Double Feature’ as well as performing the final floor show in front of a replica of the RKO tower – RKO made many of the horror movies of the thirties, notably King Kong (1933).", "Having played the part of iconic inventor Dr. Frank N. Furter in the original film, Tim Curry is returning to \"The Rocky Horror Picture Show\" for FOX's late 2016 edition of the modern classic -- but this time in a different role.", "\"Jessica also understood the irony of the film. It's a difficult thing for some American performers to be objective about television and the whole underside of pop stardom. But Jessica had no trouble at all with the irreverence of our script.\" Like Jessica Harper, actor/author/composer Richard O'Brien has no qualms about being irreverent. Proof of that is his appearance in the stage and screen versions of \"Rocky Horror\" as Riff Raff, the hunchbacked handyman of Transylvania who hails from the planet Transsexual. According to executive producer Lou Adler, \"Richard O'Brien's brain - that's where everything is, the inspiration for everything in 'Rocky Horror' and 'Shock Treatment.\"'", "The film, considered a cult classic, [6] is an adaptation of the British musical stage production The Rocky Horror Show. Richard O'Brien, author of the stage show, [7] was assisted by Jim Sharman in writing the screenplay. The movie introduces Tim Curry and features Susan Sarandon and Barry Bostwick along with cast members from the original Kings Road production of the play performed at the Royal Court Theatre.", "The musical that started a 40-year nonstop cultural phenomenon is back where it is meant to be seen – live on stage! The Rocky Horror Show is a sexy, saucy, tongue-in-cheek musical that is truly iconic with its irresistible hum-along score and cast of quirky characters. It tells the story of a newly engaged couple, Brad and Janet, getting caught in a storm and seeking refuge at the home of a madcap transvestite scientist, Dr. Frank-N-Furter, who unveils his latest creation - a muscle man named Rocky Horror. Outrageous when it first burst onto the London scene forty years ago The Rocky Horror Show retains its power to thrill, entertain and provoke audiences around the world.", "In the film The Rocky Horror Picture Show, Tim Curry played a character that comes from \"Transexual Transylvania.\"", "The Rocky Horror Picture Show (1975) has many locations, sets, and props that were used by Hammer Horror films. The \"pretty\" monster is, perhaps, a reference to The Revenge of Frankenstein (though no ulterior motive by Baron Frankenstein is present in the Hammer film).", "8. The film featured several performers who appeared in The Rocky Horror Show onstage, including Richard O’Brien (Riff-Raff), Nell Campbell (Columbia), Tim Curry (Frank-N-Furter), Patricia Quinn (Magenta), Meat Loaf (Eddie) and Jonathan Adams (Dr. Scott).", "The star's voice was familiar to children as Igor, the butler, in the animated television series Count Duckula, whose characters were also voiced by actors such as David Jason and Ruby Wax, but his best- remembered screen performance was playing the valet Simms alongside Gerald Harper in the Sixties fantasy series Adam Adamant Lives!", "From an experimental production in a small London theatre to a smash international stage hit to a major motion picture, all in the space of 18 months! That's the exciting history of \"THE ROCKY HORROR PICTURE SHOW,\" a Lou Adler / Michael White musical production for 20th Century-Fox.", "The Many Faces Of “Rocky Horror’s” Dr. Frank-N-Furter, From Tim Curry To Laverne Cox / Queerty", "Clue the Movie: The butler was a lead character in the 1985 film Clue played by Tim Curry. He appeared as an Englishman named Wadsworth, who was always ever so neat and tidy with his buttling. He mentions to have been Mr. Boddy's former butler and that he had resigned after Mr. Boddy's blackmail had caused his wife to commit suicide (she had had socialist friends, which would've had dire consequences under the context of McCarthyism). There might be more to him however than there seems: in two of the endings he is an FBI agent, and in one of the endings, the character turns out to be the actual Mr. Boddy (and is eventually shot by Mr. Green in the hall with the revolver). Because he organized the whole gathering, he appoints himself as the de facto leader of the group.", "Both the London and American productions of \"The Rocky Horror Show\" were directed by Jim Sharman , who makes his motion picture directorial debut with \"THE ROCKY HORROR PICTURE SHOW.\" \"All during the theatre version there was a movie it the back of my or mind,\" he says. Being surrounded by film mythology, the theatre version was very filmic -- as the film is very theatrical, although I've tried to avoid making a sort of filmed stage play. The show treads a thin line between homage and parody. I love the old horror films quite passionately but 'THE ROCKY HORROR PICTURE SHOW' has its own story and can hold its own whether you are a horror fan or not.\"", "Having premiered in the small sixty-seat Royal Court Theatre, it quickly moved to larger venues in London, transferring to the 230-seat Chelsea Classic Cinema on Kings Road on 14 August 1973, before finding a quasi-permanent home at the 500-seat King's Road Theatre from 3 November 1973, running for six years. The musical made its U.S. debut in Los Angeles in 1974 before being played in New York City as well as other cities. Producer and Ode Records owner Lou Adler attended the London production in the winter of 1973, escorted by friend Britt Ekland. He immediately decided to purchase the U.S. theatrical rights. His production would be staged at his Roxy Theatre in L.A. In 1975, The Rocky Horror Show premiered on Broadway at the 1,000-seat Belasco Theatre. ", "*1973: The Rocky Horror Show, is a British horror comedy stage musical written by Richard O'Brian in which Dr. Frank N. Furter has created a creature (Rocky), to satisfy his (pro)creative drives. Elements are similar to I'm Sorry the Bridge Is Out, You'll Have to Spend the Night.", "The original stage version of \"The Rocky Horror Show\" was produced by Michael White , one of London's most successful and experienced theatrical producers with over ninety shows to his credit in twelve years, including the London production of \"Sleuth,\" \"The Doll's House,\" \"Oh! Calcutta\" and \"Two Gentlemen of Verona.\" On the opening night of \"The Rocky Horror Show\" Michael White already had six other major productions running in the West End.", "Happy Birthday, Dear Rocky! 38 Freaky Facts About The Rocky Horror Picture Show \| Broadway Buzz \| Broadway.com", "Cult comedy horror musical about an all-American couple who time warp into a spooky mansion ruled by the outrageous Frank N Furter (Tim Curry). Flashing images. (1975)(96 mins) Also in HD" ]	[ 4.765625, 3.1328125, 3.017578125, 1.513671875, 1.1943359375, 1.0107421875, 0.546875, -0.1368408203125, -0.81591796875, -0.87841796875, -1.33984375, -1.4208984375, -1.5380859375, -1.7763671875, -1.853515625, -2.3671875, -2.484375, -2.55078125, -2.556640625, -2.59375, -2.654296875, -2.7578125, -2.857421875, -3.248046875, -3.92578125, -4.1640625, -5.1953125, -5.77734375, -5.8359375, -6.171875, -6.421875, -7.26171875 ]
What was the real first name of the silent Marx Brother?	[ "Arthur Marx (previously Adolph Marx), popularly known as Harpo Marx, (November 23, 1888 ï¿½ September 28, 1964) was one of the Marx Brothers, a group of Vaudeville and Broadway theatre entertainers who later achieved fame as comedians in the Motion Picture industry. He was well known by his trademarks: he played the harp; he never talked during performances, although he often blew a horn or whistled to communicate with people; and he frequently used props. Height: 5' 5ï¿½\" (1.66 m) Early life and career In January of 1910, Harpo joined two of his brothers, Julius (later \"Groucho\") and Milton, to form \"The Three Nightingales\". Harpo was inspired to develop his \"silent\" routine after reading a review of one of their performances which had been largely ad-libbed. The theater critic wrote, ...", "On-stage and in film, the Marx Brothers' antic comedy won millions of fans and left a major pop cultural legacy. Movies like The Coconuts (1929) and A Night at the Opera (1935) remain popular, and both Groucho Marx's wisecracking persona and Harpo Marx's silent, woman-crazed clown remain well-known icons. From their beginnings in vaudeville during the 1910s, to their rise as popular film comics during the Depression, Chico, Harpo, Groucho, Gummo, and Zeppo Marx delivered an energetic, anarchic comedy that seemed to overflow both the stage and the screen.", "On-stage and in film, the Marx Brothers ' antic comedy won millions of fans and left a major pop cultural legacy. Movies like The Coconuts (1929) and A Night at the Opera (1935) remain popular, and both Groucho Marx 's wisecracking persona and Harpo Marx 's silent, woman-crazed clown remain well-known icons. From their beginnings in vaudeville during the 1910s, to their rise as popular film comics during the Depression, Chico , Harpo , Groucho , Gummo, and Zeppo Marx delivered an energetic, anarchic comedy that seemed to overflow both the stage and the screen.", "Maxine Marx reported in The Unknown Marx Brothers that the brothers listed their real names (Julius, Leonard, Adolph, Milton, and Herbert) on playbills and in programs, and only used the nicknames behind the scenes, until Alexander Woollcott overheard them calling one another by the nicknames.", "In January 1910, Harpo joined two of his brothers, Julius (later \"Groucho\") and Milton (later \"Gummo\"), to form \"The Three Nightingales\", later changed to simply \"The Marx Brothers\". Multiple stories—most unsubstantiated—exist to explain Harpo's evolution as the \"silent\" character in the brothers' act. In his memoir, Groucho wrote that Harpo simply wasn't very good at memorizing dialog, and thus was ideal for the role of the \"dunce who couldn't speak\", a common character in vaudeville acts of the time. ", "Arthur \"Harpo\" Marx (born Adolph Marx; November 23, 1888 – September 28, 1964) was an American comedian, film star, mime artist and musician, and the second-oldest of the Marx Brothers. His comic style was an example of both clown and pantomime traditions. He wore a curly reddish blonde wig, and never spoke during performances (he blew a horn or whistled to communicate). He frequently used props such as a horn cane, made up of a lead pipe, tape, and a bulbhorn, and he played the harp in most of his films.", "Arthur Duer Marx (born Adolph Marx; November 23, 1888 – September 28, 1964), known professionally as Harpo Marx, was an American comedian, film star, mime artist and musician, and the second-oldest of the Marx Brothers. In contrast to the mainly verbal comedy of his brothers Groucho and Chico, Harpo's comic style was visual, being an example of both clown and pantomime traditions. He wore a curly reddish blonde wig, and never spoke during performances (he blew a horn or whistled to communicate). He frequently used props such as a horn cane, made up of a lead pipe, tape, and a bulbhorn, and he played the harp in most of his films.", "Manfred, the first Marx Brother, was born in January 1886 but survived for only a couple of months. A death certificate of the Borough of Manhattan (unearthed by Simon Louvish) reveals that he died aged seven months on 17 July 1886 of \"entero-colitis, with asthenia contributing\", i.e., probably a victim of influenza. He is buried at New York's Washington Cemetery beside his grandmother Fanny Schönberg, who died on 10 April 1901. According to Groucho, mother Minnie once said: \"Sam can cough all night and I never hear him, but if one of my boys coughs just once, I'm wide awake\". With the sad fate of Manfred in mind we can appreciate that statement more fully. It was probably because of Manfred's death that Chico, the eldest surviving son, was showered with his parents' frustrated love. He was born on 22 March 1887 as Leo (a probable Americanization of the name of grandfather Levy), which later mutated into Leonard. Harpo was born on 23 November 1888 and was originally named Adolph after his famous uncle Abraham Elieser Adolph \"Al\" Shean . The nickname Ahdie often became Artie, which paved the way for a later change to Arthur. And contrary to popular belief, Harpo made the change from Adolph to Arthur long before that Austrian corporal rose to power in Germany.", "As a kid trying to negotiate his way through various gang territories to a floating crap game or a new pool hall where he was not yet known as a hustler, Leonard (Chico) Marx learned to fake several accents. Because he later employed an Italian accent in the Marx Brothers' act, people assumed his name was pronounced \"Cheeko.\" Instead, Leonard was ... See full bio »", "Was the quiet, introverted middle brother of 5, and suffered the middle sibling condition. He never got as much attention as his older brothers ( Chico Marx & Harpo Marx ), who were wild and charming, or his two younger brothers ( Zeppo Marx & Gummo Marx ), who were cuter. The plus side of this outsider status was that he developed a cutting wit to get attention.", "Actor, Comedian, Talent Agent. Milton \"Gummo\" Marx was born in New York City and was the fifth son of Minnie and Sam Marx. He joined his brothers Julius \"Groucho\" and Adolph \"Harpo\" in 1911 to become the vaudeville singing troupe the Three Nightingales. (He also appeared earlier in his Uncle Julius' ventriloquism act.) When brother Leonard \"Chico\" joined the group, they became the Four Marx Brothers, with Gummo playing the straight role. (He was nicknamed Gummo by monologist Art Fisher because... [Read More] (Bio by: LincolnFan )", "The Marx Brothers were born in New York City, the sons of Jewish immigrants from Germany and France. Their mother Minnie Schönberg was from Dornum in East Frisia, and their father Simon Marx was a native of Alsace and worked as a tailor. (His name was changed to Samuel Marx, and he was nicknamed \"Frenchy\".)", "Julius' temperament. Maxine, Chico's daughter and Groucho's niece, said in the documentary The Unknown Marx Brothers that Julius was named \"Groucho\" simply because he was grouchy most or all of the time. Robert B. Weide, a director known for his knowledge of Marx Brothers history, said in Remarks On Marx, a documentary short included with the DVD of A Night at the Opera, that among the competing explanations he found this one the most believable. Steve Allen, in \"Funny People,\" says that the name made no sense; Groucho might have been impudent and impertinent, but not grouchyï¿½at least not around Allen.", "Zeppo Marx was born Herbert Marx. He was the youngest of The Marx Brothers, Zeppo was put into the role of the straight man after his brother Gummo (the other brother) left the act. Zeppo also acted as an understudy to all three of his brothers. After playing small parts in the first five Marx Brothers movies, Zeppo felt his talent wasn’t being used to its full extent and left the act to join Gummo as an agent. Somewhat of a mechanical whiz, Zeppo invented a wristwatch that would monitor the pulse rate of cardiac patients, and his company, Marman Products, produced clamping devices which were used in the first atomic bomb raids over Japan in 1945. Zeppo was married twice and had one child. Gummo Marx (1892-1977) was the 4th brother. He left the Marx Brothers just when they were reaching popularity because he felt he lacked the performing skills of his brothers. He became a well respected agent.", "Groucho was born Julius Henry Marx on Oct 2 1890 in New York. He was the third of the five surviving sons of Sam and Minnie Marx. He was the first of the brothers to start a stage career aged 15 in an act called The Leroy Trio . Other acts followed, but none of them was a great success. Twice the other members of the act disappeared overnight and left him penniless in places far away from home.", "Leonard was the oldest of the Marx Brothers to live past early childhood (first-born Manfred Marx had died in infancy). In addition to his work as a performer, he played an important role in the management and development of the act, at least in its early years.", "Since Queen had named their albums A Night at the Opera and A Day at the Races after two of the Marx Brothers' most popular films, surviving brother Groucho Marx invited Queen to visit him at his Los Angeles home in March 1977 (five months before he died). The band thanked him, and performed \"'39\" a cappella. ", "Milton \"Gummo\" Marx (October 23, 1892 – April 21, 1977) was an American vaudeville performer and theatrical agent. He was the second youngest of the five Marx Brothers. Born in New York City, he worked with his brothers on the vaudeville circuit, but left acting when he was drafted into the U.S. Army during World War I (years before his brothers Chico, Harpo, Groucho and Zeppo began their film career).", "While all of the Marx Brothers were forced to leave school to support the family, Groucho, the most famous, was the lone brother with scholarly interests. Indeed, his world class wit is clearly evidenced by his dexterous use of wordplay in the Marx Brothers hit films. Equally famed as a radio and television personality, Groucho’s show business career spanned seven decades. His signature greasepaint moustache, duck walk, and cigar chomping antics are still imitated.", "Actor, Comedian. He was part of the immensely popular �Marx Brothers� family comedy team, which consisted of his older brother Leonard �Chico� Marx , and his younger brothers Julius Henry �Groucho� Marx , Milton �Gummo� Marx and [Read More] (Bio by: Iola )", "The Marx Brothers were an American family comedy act that enjoyed success in vaudeville and film during the early 20th century. While there were five brothers in total, the act mainly consisted of eldest brothers, Chico , Harpo and Groucho . The comedy trio gained enormous fame for their films and were inducted to the Motion Picture Hall of Fame in 1977.", "The Marx Brothers were the sons of a tailor and a domineering stage mother, as well as the nephews of vaudeville headliner Al Shean of the popular team Gallagher and Shean . In 1904 Groucho became the first of the brothers to appear onstage, when he joined a singing trio. He was eventually joined by Gummo, Harpo, and Chico in what, after a long series of incarnations, evolved into a comedy act. For several mostly successful years in burlesque and vaudeville, the brothers’ stage act consisted of songs, dances, musical specialities by Harpo (on harp) and Chico (on piano), and the Marx’s own brand of chaotic humour. They scored a major triumph on Broadway with their musical-comedy revue I’ll Say She Is (1924), by which time Zeppo had replaced Gummo. In what proved to be a turning point in their careers, the show endeared them to Alexander Woollcott , the most prominent and influential drama critic of the time. His close friendship with Harpo led to the brothers’ association with members of the Algonquin Round Table and other members of New York’s cultural elite. Although they had little formal education, the Marxes were feted by scholars and intellectuals throughout their lives, and they counted among their personal friends luminaries such as Woollcott, George S. Kaufman, S.J. Perelman, T.S. Eliot, George Gershwin , and several other noted writers and composers.", "Arthur “Harpo\" Marx (1888–1964) was an American comedian, film actor, and spy who never spoke while performing. To communicate he whistled or blew a horn.", "(1901-1979) One of the Marx Brothers (others were Chico, Groucho and Harpo), a team of American comedy actors very successful during the 1930s. Films included \"Monkey Business\" (1931) and \"Duck Soup\" (1933), before Zeppo left the group and the remaining Marx Brothers continued making films such as \"A Night At The Opera\" (1935) and \"A Day At The Races\" (1937).", "The Marx Brothers' stage shows became popular just as motion pictures were evolving to \"talkies\". They signed a contract with Paramount Pictures and embarked on their film career at Paramount's Astoria, New York, studios. Their first two released films (after an unreleased short silent film titled Humor Risk) were adaptations of the Broadway shows The Cocoanuts (1929) and Animal Crackers (1930). Both were written by George S. Kaufman and Morrie Ryskind. Production then shifted to Hollywood, beginning with a short film that was included in Paramount's twentieth anniversary documentary, The House That Shadows Built (1931), in which they adapted a scene from I'll Say She Is. Their third feature-length film, Monkey Business (1931), was their first movie not based on a stage production.", "Marx frequently used pseudonyms, often when renting a house or flat, apparently to make it harder for the authorities to track him down. While in Paris, he used that of 'Monsieur Ramboz', whilst in London he signed off his letters as 'A. Williams'. His friends referred to him as 'Moor', owing to his dark complexion and black curly hair, something which they believed made him resemble the historical Moors of North Africa, whilst he encouraged his children to call him 'Old Nick' and 'Charley'. He also bestowed nicknames and pseudonyms on his friends and family as well, referring to Friedrich Engels as 'General', his housekeeper Helene as 'Lenchen' or 'Nym', while one of his daughters, Jennychen, was referred to as 'Qui Qui, Emperor of China' and another, Laura, was known as 'Kakadou' or 'the Hottentot'.", "Marx frequently used pseudonyms, often when renting a house or flat, apparently to make it harder for the authorities to track him down. While in Paris, he used that of 'Monsieur Ramboz', whilst in London he signed off his letters as 'A. Williams'. His friends referred to him as 'Moor', owing to his dark complexion and black curly hair, something which they believed made him resemble the historical Moors of North Africa, whilst he encouraged his children to call him 'Old Nick' and 'Charley'. [156] He also bestowed nicknames and pseudonyms on his friends and family as well, referring to Friedrich Engels as 'General', his housekeeper Helene as 'Lenchen' or 'Nym', while one of his daughters, Jennychen, was referred to as 'Qui Qui, Emperor of China' and another, Laura, was known as 'Kakadou' or 'the Hottentot '. [156]", "Marx frequently used pseudonyms, often when renting a house or flat, apparently to make it harder for the authorities to track him down. While in Paris, he used that of \"Monsieur Ramboz\", whilst in London he signed off his letters as \"A. Williams\". His friends referred to him as \"Moor\", owing to his dark complexion and black curly hair, while he encouraged his children to call him \"Old Nick\" and \"Charley\". He also bestowed nicknames and pseudonyms on his friends and family as well, referring to Friedrich Engels as \"General\", his housekeeper Helene as \"Lenchen\" or \"Nym\", while one of his daughters, Jennychen, was referred to as \"Qui Qui, Emperor of China\" and another, Laura, was known as \"Kakadou\" or \"the Hottentot\".", "He made 13 feature films with his siblings the Marx Brothers, of whom he was the third-born. He also had a successful solo career, most notably as the host of the radio and television game show You Bet Your Life.", "*The Story of Mankind (1957), released by Warner Brothers (not a Marx Brothers film, but the three brothers perform separate cameos)", "He is famed as a master of wit. He made 15 feature films with his siblings, the Marx Brothers, and also had a successful solo career, most notably as the host of the radio and television game show, You Bet Your Life.", "As the Marx Brothers, he and his brothers starred in a series of popular stage shows and movies." ]	[ 2.7421875, 2.1484375, 1.98828125, 1.474609375, 1.3740234375, 0.6572265625, 0.64794921875, 0.41357421875, -0.1666259765625, -0.184814453125, -0.40625, -0.408447265625, -0.7978515625, -0.88623046875, -1.318359375, -1.541015625, -1.5615234375, -1.6259765625, -1.6748046875, -1.935546875, -2.232421875, -2.28125, -2.873046875, -3.712890625, -4.14453125, -5.04296875, -5.26171875, -6.17578125, -6.6171875, -6.703125, -7.12109375, -7.234375 ]
What was Steve Martin's first film?	[ "Steve Martin's first starring film role was in the Carl Reiner comedy, \"The Jerk\" (1979), a rags-to-riches-to-rags story about a man born \"a poor black child.\" His first great claim to fame: Having his name published in the phone book.", "TV comedian Steve Martin (known for his \"happy feet,\" rabbit ears, and arrow through the head on The Smothers Brothers Show and other variety shows) appeared in his first major film at the end of the previous decade, in Carl Reiner's The Jerk (1979). After Pennies from Heaven (1981), he also appeared in a few films that paid homage to classic Hollywood genres, including Carl Reiner's mock Dead Men Don't Wear Plaid (1982) with Martin as detective Rigby Reardon mingling with footage from classic 40s noirs and other film stars, and the spoof of 50s mad-scientist films The Man With Two Brains (1983). This was followed by Carl Reiner's well-acted All of Me (1984) in which he shared a body and split personality with Lily Tomlin. Next was Fred Schepisi's update of the Cyrano de Bergerac romantic legend Roxanne (1987), and then he co-starred with John Candy (as a shower-ring salesman) in John Hughes' slapstick, screwball road film Planes, Trains and Automobiles (1987) about a nightmarish journey at Thanksgiving time.", "Steve Martin's film career began in 1972 with a small role as a hippy in a political comedy called Another Nice Mess. But the stand-up comedian's first real triumph was the 1979 Carl Reiner-directed movie The Jerk. Martin starred as Navin R Johnson, the simpleton adopted white son of African-American sharecroppers. The Jerk is a warm and engagingly silly film, featuring jokes about cat jugglers, but at the time of its release it had a mixed reception. \"It took a long time to get over the bad reviews,\" Martin later said. He added that British comedian Peter Sellers had offered him great encouragement at what was a difficult time in his career.", "Few people on the planet have made me laugh as hard as Steve Martin. I first encountered him when All Of Me appeared on telly one afternoon, which I could barely watch through the tears of laughter in my eyes. From that point on, I devoured every film I could lay my hands on, as well as his early comedy material. I've found things to like in the many remakes he's tackled, where others, er, weren't so keen. And I'm now going through the stages of introducing my own kids to his work.", "* Steve Martin (born 1945), actor, The Jerk, Pennies from Heaven, Three Amigos, Planes, Trains and Automobiles, Father of the Bride, Parenthood, The Pink Panther", "All of Me (1984). Starring Steve Martin, Lily Tomlin. A rich but sick millionaire (played by Lily Tomlin) decides to have her soul transferred into the body of a younger women but by mistake her soul ends up in the body of Steve Martin, who plays a lawyer whose body is now partly controlled by Lily Tomlin's character. A very funny movie. Read Roger Ebert's review (3.5 stars).", "* Steve Martin wrote, produced, and starred in a 1994 movie adaptation of the novel, titled A Simple Twist of Fate.", "Steve Martin won the Writers Guild of America's award for Best Adapted Screenplay for \"Roxanne\" (1987), an updated telling of \"Cyrano de Bergerac,\" with Martin in the role of the romantic with a prominent honker. Daryl Hannah played the object of his affection. ", "Martin composed, arranged, and produced film scores since the early 1960s, including the instrumental scores of the films A Hard Day's Night (1964, for which he won an Academy Award Nomination), Ferry Cross the Mersey (1965), Yellow Submarine (1968), and Live and Let Die (1973). Other notable movie scores include Crooks Anonymous (1962), The Family Way (1966), Pulp (1972, starring Michael Caine and Mickey Rooney ), the Peter Sellers film The Optimists of Nine Elms (1973), and the John Schlesinger directed Honky Tonk Freeway (1981).[ citation needed ]", "This came after the slightly disappointing The Lonely Guy and was a critical and commercial success. The on-screen chemistry between Steve Martin and Lily Tomlin (playing a sour and spoiled heiress called Edwina Cutwater) is superb and the zany plot, featuring soul transference and an Indian mystic, sparkles with wit. Martin, who plays an attorney named Roger Cobb, said: \"All of Me was like going to school. I learned a lot about structure and character.\" It was another collaboration with director Carl Reiner.", "Steve Martin brought his banjo-playing talents to \"The Muppet Show,\" and was later one of the numerous stars making cameo appearances in 1979's \"The Muppet Movie.\"", "Few thought that Martin would go on to achieve solo success, but he did, winning critical acclaim for his role in The Young Lions with Marlon Brando and Montgomery Clift , and Some Came Running , with Shirley MacLaine and Frank Sinatra . Movies such as Rio Bravo brought him international fame. One of his best remembered films is in Ocean's 11 , in which he played Sam Harmon alongside the other members of the legendary Rat Pack: Frank Sinatra , Sammy Davis Jr. , Joey Bishop and Peter Lawford . Martin proved potent at the box office throughout the 1960s, with films such as Bells Are Ringing and Robin and the 7 Hoods , again with Rat Pack pals Sammy Davis Jr. and Sinatra. During much of the 1960s and 1970s, Martin's movie persona of a boozing playboy prompted a series of films as secret agent Matt Helm and his own television variety show. Airport followed, featuring Martin as a pilot. He also played a phony priest in The Cannonball Run .", "For me, though, I had no curator. Steve Martin was the first leading actor or actress whose work I actively seeked out, back in the days when you had to wait for HMV to do a three for £20 offer on videos, or for the video shop bargain section to get one of his movies back in. That, or wait for ITV to stick one of his films on.", "Steve Martin is a comedian who was a popular guest on Saturday Night Live, where he performed this song on TV for the first time wearing Egyptian garb. The song was later released as a single and became a hit, selling over a million copies.", "Steve Martin was nominated for a Best Actor Golden Globe for his portrayal of Gil Buckman in director Ron Howard's sentimental comedy. The film was a box-office smash hit, grossing more than £120 million worldwide. Keanu Reeves also starred in the film. In real life, Martin is a talented banjo player.", "In 1986, Martin joined fellow Saturday Night Live veterans Martin Short and Chevy Chase in ¡Three Amigos!, directed by John Landis, and written by Martin, Lorne Michaels, and singer-songwriter Randy Newman. It was originally entitled The Three Caballeros and Martin was to be teamed with Dan Aykroyd and John Belushi. In 1986, Martin was in the movie musical film version of the hit Off-Broadway play Little Shop of Horrors (based on a famous B-movie), playing the sadistic dentist, Orin Scrivello. The film was the first of three films teaming Martin with Rick Moranis. In 1987, Martin joined comedian John Candy in the John Hughes movie Planes, Trains and Automobiles. That same year, Roxanne, the film adaptation of Cyrano de Bergerac which Martin co-wrote, won him a Writers Guild of America Award. It also garnered recognition from Hollywood and the public that he was more than a comedian. In 1988, he performed in the Frank Oz film Dirty Rotten Scoundrels, a remake of Bedtime Story, alongside Michael Caine. Also in 1988, he appeared at the Mitzi E. Newhouse Theater at Lincoln Center in a revival of Waiting for Godot directed by Mike Nichols. He played Vladimir, with Robin Williams as Estragon and Bill Irwin as Lucky. ", "Martin composed, arranged, and produced film scores since the early 1960s, including the instrumental scores of the films A Hard Day's Night (1964, for which he won an Academy Award Nomination), Ferry Cross the Mersey (1965), Yellow Submarine (1968), and Live and Let Die (1973). Other notable movie scores include Crooks Anonymous (1962), The Family Way (1966), Pulp (1972, starring Michael Caine and Mickey Rooney), the Peter Sellers film The Optimists of Nine Elms (1973), and the John Schlesinger directed Honky Tonk Freeway (1981).", "An affable buddy comedy, directed by Frank Oz, in which Steve Martin is paired with Michael Caine as two con men on the French Riviera. Caine described the movie as one of the most enjoyable to make in his whole career. Martin said: \"We had so much fun. We laughed all day.\" The film took more than £35 million at the box office.", "L.A. Story, directed by Mick Jackson, starring Steve Martin, Victoria Tennant, Richard E. Grant, Marilu Henner, Sarah Jessica Parker", "Steve Martin starred in the big-screen version of Dennis Potter's \"Pennies From Heaven,\" in which a Depression-Era music salesman's dreams transport him to a world inspired by Hollywood musicals.", "Martin and Coldplay guitarist Jonny Buckland made Cameo appearances in the film Shaun of the Dead as supporters of the fictional charity ZombAid. [18] Martin has a second cameo in this film as a Zombie. [18] In 2006 Martin had a cameo role in the second series episode four of the Ricky Gervais and Stephen Merchant created comedy Extras (TV . He also appears singing in the closing credits of the 2009 film Brüno alongside Bono, Sting, Slash, Snoop Dogg, and Elton John. [19] Martin also played one gig with the \"Sid James Experience\".", "Nobody. So Steve Martin didn't try. Instead, he went his own way with the character, and the resultant film is a thoroughly decent comedy in its own right. Helmed by Jonathan Lynn - the Yes Minister co-creator who also directed Marisa Tomei towards the Oscar stage with My Cousin Vinny - it's brisk, likeable, and works. Do I rewatch it often? No. Did I enjoy it? Yes.", "For me, though, I had no curator. Steve Martin was the first leading actor or actress whose work I actively sought out, back in the days when you had to wait for things to show up on cable.", "39. The Man With Two Brains (1983) Back before he took to the schmaltzsauce, Steve Martin’s funny bones were unbreakable. He hit a peak with this uproariously idiotic scattershot of skits masquerading as schlock horror parody – with the finest finger-sucking scene in cinema history.", "Comedian Steve Martin , at the Dave Letterman Show. Years later he wrote a play where Presley, along with Einstein and Picasso, are the main characters, called \"Picasso at the Lapin Agile\":", "Steve Martin (the film's screenwriter) as wacky TV weatherman Harris K. Telemacher and Sarah Jessica Parker as liberated Valley Girl SanDeE in Mick Jackson's L.A. Story (with no nominations)", "The Seattle Post-Intelligencer gave the film a rating of \"A-\" in its review, writing \"This is one terrific comedy that doesn't let up for an instant.\" The Rocky Mountain News highlighted the film as a \"Critics' Choice\", and wrote that \"Steve Martin takes gentle but funny aim at Hollywood\" in the film. ", "On 25 April 2011 a 90-minute documentary feature film co-produced by the BBC Arena team, Produced by George Martin, aired to critical acclaim for the first time in the UK. It combines rare archive footage and new interviews with, among others, Paul McCartney , Ringo Starr , Jeff Beck , Cilla Black and Giles Martin and tells the life story of George Martin from schoolboy born in the Depression to legendary music producer. The film, with over 50 minutes of extra footage, including interviews from Rick Rubin , T-Bone Burnett and Ken Scott , was released world-wide by Eagle Rock Entertainment on DVD and Blu Ray on 10 September 2012.", "On 25 April 2011 a 90-minute documentary feature film co-produced by the BBC Arena team, Produced by George Martin, aired to critical acclaim for the first time in the UK. It combines rare archive footage and new interviews with, among others, Paul McCartney , Ringo Starr , Jeff Beck , Cilla Black and Giles Martin and tells the life story of George Martin from schoolboy growing up in the Depression to legendary music producer. The film, with over 50 minutes of extra footage, including interviews from Rick Rubin , T-Bone Burnett and Ken Scott , was released world-wide by Eagle Rock Entertainment on DVD and Blu-ray on 10 September 2012.", "D: Richard Martin; with Kevin Zegers, Gregory Harrison, Cynthia Stevenson, Nora Dunn, Perry Anzilotti, Robert Constanzo, Shayn Solberg. (G, 92 min.)", "Steve Martin had always been a fan of the Jose Ferrer version of Cyrano de Bergerac:", "Martin Clunes stars and directed this ITV TV movie comedy about a one-hit wonder rock band from 1982 he is forced to reform by fanatical members of his former fan club. Of course the band has spread to the four winds, including Clunes' Men Behaving Badly co-star Neil Morrissey as the lead singer who's had a sex change operation in the intervening years. Essentially it's a road movie, but Clunes has a pretty good directorial touch, the characters are ingratiating, and of course there's a happy ending." ]	[ 6.46484375, 5.85546875, 5.6484375, 0.07427978515625, -0.58447265625, -1.1279296875, -1.38671875, -1.4775390625, -1.53125, -1.7646484375, -1.8173828125, -1.845703125, -2.080078125, -2.41015625, -2.451171875, -2.568359375, -2.6640625, -3.060546875, -3.166015625, -3.18359375, -3.255859375, -3.419921875, -3.541015625, -3.609375, -4.18359375, -4.3984375, -4.99609375, -7.37890625, -7.61328125, -8.1875, -8.21875, -8.2734375 ]
Which film tells of the exploits of singer Deco Duffe?	[ "1. The film Sex and Drugs and Rock n Roll is based on the life of which singer?", "Jamboree! (1957)ï¿½ Kay Medford, Robert Pastine, Paul Carr, Freda Holloway, Slim Whitman, Jodie Sands, Frankie Avalon (his debut), Fats Domino, Jerry Lee Lewis, Carl Perkins, Lewis Lymon and the Teen Chords, Buddy Knox, Charlie Gracie, Count Basie, the Four Coins, Joe Williams. Two rock and roll singers fall in love and are exploited by their agents. Dick Clark (in his debut) plays himself as the Telethon's M.C. Other famous radio DJ's also have cameos. Lymon is Frankieï¿½s brother and sings \"Your Last Chance\". Connie Francis dubbed Holloway's singing. Lewis belts out ï¿½Great Balls of Fireï¿½. Also known as Disc Jockey Jamboree.", "Rock ‘n’ Roll enters the movies with cheaply made exploitation films with numerous cameos by artists singing their latest hits. The biggest is The Girl Can’t Help It starring blonde sexpot Jayne Mansfield and featuring performances by Little Richard, Fats Domino and Eddie Cochran.", "August 2007 saw the unveiling of the award-winning film I'm Not There, written and directed by Todd Haynes, bearing the tagline \"inspired by the music and many lives of Bob Dylan\". The movie uses six distinct characters to represent different aspects of Dylan's life, played by Christian Bale, Cate Blanchett, Marcus Carl Franklin, Richard Gere, Heath Ledger and Ben Whishaw. Dylan's previously unreleased 1967 recording from which the film takes its name was released for the first time on the film's original soundtrack; all other tracks are covers of Dylan songs, specially recorded for the movie by a diverse range of artists, including Eddie Vedder, Stephen Malkmus, Jeff Tweedy, Willie Nelson, Cat Power, Richie Havens, and Tom Verlaine.", "Besides his roles in Vice and Buster, Collins also appeared in the movies Hook (with Julia Roberts ), Frauds, and as a voice actor in The Jungle Book 2. Additionally, his music has appeared in dozens of movies and TV shows; a cover version of \"In The Air Tonight\" appeared in the Miami Vice film , and a special re-recording of his original version appeared -- along with himself -- in the video game Grand Theft Auto: Vice City Stories, which is heavily inspired by Miami Vice and can be seen as an homage to the show.", "Director, Norman Taurog. Cast: Mickey Rooney, Judy Garland, Gil Stratton, Robert E. Strickland, \"Rags\" Ragland, June Allyson, Nancy Walker, Guy Kibbee, Tommy Dorsey and his orchestra. Danny Churchill is a rich kid with a taste for wine, women and song, but not for higher education. His father ships him to an all-male college out West, where he meets the dean's granddaughter who is trying to help her grandfather keep his college from folding. Special DVD features: All-new introduction by Mickey Rooney; commentary by historian John Fricke; vintage short \"Hollywood daredevils\"; classic cartoon \"The early bird dood it\"; \"I got rhythm\" stereo remix version; theatrical trailer ; Audio bonus: \"Bronco busters\" outtake. 99 min. DVD 8479; vhs 999:3356", "The song \"Hi de ho\" from K7 has the same main musical theme as \"Minnie the Moocher\" from Cab Calloway (it is closer to the version of the movie The Blues Brothers ). It can be heard during the charity party, just before Dorian comes into the club.", "Eddie and the Cruisers. (The name of the movie, and the artist the soundtrack was credited to.)", "The film also boasts great music, including singing from McKee and tapping from Hines and his brother Maurice that raise the roof and recall the famous baptism scene in Coppola's first \"Godfather\". Larry Marshall does a great Cab Calloway, conked locks whipping across his forehead.", "Directed by Perry Henzell. Cast: Jimmy Cliff, Janet Bartley, Carl Bradshaw, Ras Daniel Hartman, Basil Keane, Robert Charlton, and Winston Stone. A rural Jamaican musician journeys to the city of Kingston in search of fame and fortune. Pushed to desperate circumstances by shady record producers and corrupt cops, he achieves notoriety as a murderous outlaw. A cult movie favorite Cast: reggae music and reggae superstar Jimmy Cliff. 103 min. DVD 383; vhs 999:814", "Story of a Three-Day Pass [aka La Permission] (1967) - Turner (Harry Baird), a G.I. stationed in France, gets a three day pass because his captain thinks he's a \"good Negro.\" In Paris, he meets a white shopgirl with whom he has an idyllic weekend love affair which they plan to continue, but when he returns to the base, his Captain--informed of the affair--demotes and restricts him to the base. Music by Van Peebles and Mickey Baker. Drama, 87 min., DVD, dir: Melvin Van Peebles.", "Watched a great film Sunday night,it had Aretha Franklin in it,, Ray Charles , Cab Calloway , James Brown , and...", "Directed by John Berry. Cast: Yvonne DeCarlo, Tony Martin, Peter Lorre, Marla Toren. A criminal, Pepe Le Moko, eludes capture in the Casbah section of Algiers until he is lured out of hiding by a beautiful woman in this thrilling musical tale of love and betrayal. Based on the novel by Detective Ashelbe ; remake of the French motion picture, Pépé Le Moko (1937). 94 min. vhs 999:2499", "Directed by Spencer Williams. Cast: Francine Everette, Don Wilson, \"Piano\" Frank, Old Hager, Spencer Williams, John King, July Jones. In this all black cast feature, Gertie LaRue and her troupe of performers arrive direct from Harlem at the Paradise Hotel on the island of Trinidad. They are there to do a show at the Diamond Palace, a club owned by Diamond Joe, who falls for Gertie. Gertie has left Harlem in a hurry and cannot go back there because she has jilted her boyfriend, Al, who is now looking for revenge. Spencer Williams plays a female fortune teller. (Williams was an African American actor and filmmaker. He was best known for playing Andy in the Amos 'n Andy television show and for the directing the 1941 race film The Blood of Jesus ). 60 min. DVD X4192; DVD X4950; vhs Video 999:1222", "Directed by J. Robert Wagoner. Cast: Rudy Ray Moore, Carol Speed, Jimmy Lynch. Rudy Ray Moore is Tucker Williams, the rapping owner of the Blueberry Hill disco. An ex-cop with a penchant for head-whacking martial arts, Tucker is called into action when his nephew gets hooked on angel dust. With the help of his \"Gal Friday\" Noel, Tucker declares war on Stinger Ray, the nation's leading angel dust producer. But as the war progresses, Tucker learns that Stinger and his goons are as deadly as the drugs they push. 93 min. DVD 4589", "The actress and director Julie Delpy is to make a biopic of late Clash frontman Joe Strummer called The Right Profile, according to trade magazine Variety. The title is, of course, named after the song which appeared on The Clash's 1979 LP, London Calling. In itself, it's about a film star - Montgomery Clift - so the title's certainly apt. Variety says that the film will focus on Strummer's sudden disappearance from public life in 1982 - the story of which is, like many aspects of The Clash's history, the subject of myth, rumour and mundanity in equal measure. Delpy has just finished filming Two Days in New York with Chris Rock, who plays her love interest. She found fame in films Before Sunrise and Killing Zoe. In 2007, she wrote, directed and starred in Two Days in Paris. Strummer, born John Mellor, formed The Clash with Mick Jones and Paul Simonen in 1976.", "Directed by William Goodrich (Roscoe Arbuckle). Cast: Jack Shutta and Louise Brooks. A driver on a non-stop race from New York to San Francisco gets detoured to Hollywood, where he winds up working as a publicity man for a movie studio and assigned to revive the career of a beautiful but fading star. 18 min. 18 min. DVD 1173", "This film is a real gem, a timely and historical film as well as a fun country musical. The story is a true one, the names changed to protect the innocent as that other American institution used to say. Although few people but Dom DeLuise seem to have their innocence intact in this film.", "A poor Jamaican, a 1970s anti-hero, tries to make it with a hit record but finds that payola rules. His record will only be played if he signs away his rights. He turns to dealing marijuana and runs afoul of the law. As an underground fugitive, he becomes a political hero. An outstanding reggae soundtrack underscores the plot, in particular the lines from the title song: \"I'd rather be a free man in my grave than living as a puppet or a slave.\"", "Bob Dylan plays Renaldo, his real life wife Sara plays Clara and Joan Baez, Dylan's long-time mistress, plays The Woman in White. This 1978 film features Dylan as director and it hit theaters with a huge bomb as critics tore it apart, fans didn't show up to see it and some theater owners refused to play it. Dylan later edited the film down to 122-minutes, which featured mostly concert stuff, but this version hasn't been seen since the original release. All of this was filmed during Dylan's 1975 Rolling Thunder Revue, which in my opinion featured Dylan's at his best and only ranking second behind the legendary 1966 tour. The gimmick of this tour was that Dylan, along with Baez, Jack Elliott, Bob Neuwirth and various others would tour around the country without announcing any dates. Instead, they'd simply have their tour bus stop and the concert would take place within the matter of days, if not on that day itself.", "Directed by Olivier Dahan. Cast: Marion Cotillard, Sylvie Testud, Pascal Greggory, Emmanuelle Seigner, Jean-Paul Rouve, Gerard Depardieu, Clotilde Courau, Jean-Pierre Martins, Catherine Allegret, Marc Barbe. Raised in a brothel, then wrested from the only life she knew by her father, so they could join the circus, Edith Piaf spent her teen years on the streets. She is finally \"rescued\" by a crime figure who gives her career a start and, ultimately, by her international success and final illness. Always frail, sickly, malnourished, and wildly temperamental, she was often on drugs or alcohol and was always in search of true love. Middleweight boxer, Marcel Cerdan, captures her heart and gives her something to live for, besides her music--at least for a while. Special features: \"Stepping into character:\" an exclusive behind the scenes look at Marion Cotillard's transformation into Edith Piaf's character, including an interview with the director and award-winning Marion Cotillard; Edith Piaf documentary. 141 min. DVD 8800", "Directed by Olivier Dahan. Cast: Marion Cotillard, Sylvie Testud, Pascal Greggory, Emmanuelle Seigner, Jean-Paul Rouve, Gerard Depardieu, Clotilde Courau, Jean-Pierre Martins, Catherine Allegret, Marc Barbe. Raised in a brothel, then wrested from the only life she knew by her father, so they could join the circus, Edith Piaf spent her teen years on the streets. She is finally \"rescued\" by a crime figure who gives her career a start and, ultimately, by her international success and final illness. Always frail, sickly, malnourished, and wildly temperamental, she was often on drugs or alcohol and was always in search of true love. Middleweight boxer, Marcel Cerdan, captures her heart and gives her something to live for, besides her music--at least for a while. Special features: \"Stepping into character:\" an exclusive behind the scenes look at Marion Cotillard's transformation into Edith Piaf's character, including an interview with the director and award-winning Marion Cotillard; Edith Piaf documentary. 141 min. vhs DVD 8800", "The film features numerous songs by Dylan, performed by Dylan and also recordings by other artists. The songs feature as both foreground—performed by artists on camera (e.g. \"Goin' to Acapulco\", \"Pressing On\")—and background accompaniment to the action. A notable non-Dylan song in the movie is \"(I'm Not Your) Steppin' Stone\" by The Monkees, which plays in the background of a party scene set in London.", "Performance film of the legendary concert on March 6, 1971 in Ghana, West Africa, in celebration of the fourteenth anniversary of the countryï¿½s independence. Features Wilson Pickett, Ike and Tina Turner, the Staple Singers, Willie Bobo, Les McCann and Eddie Harris, and others.", "The film's theme song, \"Jean,\" written by Rod McKuen, became a major hit in 1969. Both McKuen and pop star Oliver (William Swofford) released versions. Although the music suits the tone of the film, the syrupy lyrics seem to describe an entirely different Jean or, perhaps, a much younger version of the character. The movie, wisely, features only the tune.", "In Amos Poe's 1976 underground film, Eric Mitchell stars as Rico, a young New Yorker whose love for French New Wave cinema spurs him to live his life like he is a denizen of 1960s Paris. A photographer who fancies himself a gangster who uses his camera as a gun, Rico's carefully constructed world of illusion is disrupted when he falls in love. Starring Eric Mitchell, Patti Astor, Debbie Harry, Duncan Hannah.", "Based on the true events surrounding Frank Sinatra's tour of Australia. When Sinatra calls a local reporter a \"two-bit hooker\", every union in the country black-bans the star until he issues an apology.", "kie Va lli y Boys is the electrifying true life story of Frankie Valli iumph and the music.", "Directed by Emile Ardolino. With Bette Midler, Peter Riegert, Cynthia Gibb, Edward Asner. Based on the autobiography of Gypsy Rose Lee, this made-for-TV movie.", "Contents 1 Song history 2 Track listing 3 Chart performance 4 References in popular culture 4.1 As music in films 4.2 As music in other media 4.3 Other mentions 5 Cover versions 6 References", "Chris Hutchins, ancien agent des Bee Gees, a souligné que Maurice Gibb était \"une âme très tourmentée. Il n'était pas la star (des Bee Gees)\", a-t-il confié à la BBC. \"Et il le savait, il le sentait\".", "The French group Little Bob Story released it as a single in 1977. Also on Alive or Nothing from 1977." ]	[ -4.9765625, -4.98046875, -5.5859375, -6.03515625, -6.25390625, -6.39453125, -6.90625, -6.99609375, -7.3046875, -7.3671875, -7.39453125, -7.40234375, -7.6015625, -7.80078125, -7.921875, -7.9296875, -7.99609375, -8.046875, -8.046875, -8.078125, -8.296875, -8.34375, -8.453125, -8.6015625, -8.65625, -8.671875, -8.9140625, -9.09375, -9.2578125, -9.265625, -10.859375, -10.875 ]
In which category was Mrs. Doubtfire Oscar-nominated?	[ "Mrs. Doubtfire is a 1993 American comedy-drama film, directed by Chris Columbus and based on Madame Doubtfire by Anne Fine. It stars Robin Williams (who also served as co-producer), Sally Field, Pierce Brosnan, Harvey Fierstein, and Robert Prosky. It won the Academy Award for Best Makeup and the Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy. For his performance in the film, Robin Williams was awarded the Golden Globe for Best Actor.", "Mrs. Doubtfire, directed by Chris Columbus, starring Robin Williams, Sally Field, Pierce Brosnan - Golden Globe Award for Best Picture (Musical or Comedy)", " 1993 – Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Motion Picture Musical or Comedy, Mrs. Doubtfire", "Tony Award-winning actor: Torch Song Trilogy [1983]; Mrs. Doubtfire, Bullets Over Broadway; and playwright: Torch Song Trilogy [1983]; La Cage aux Folles, Tidy Endings; actor: Mrs. Doubtfire, Independence Day", "SALLY FIELD (Mary Todd Lincoln) is a two-time Academy Award® winner for performances in Robert Benton’s “Places in the Heart,” for which she also received a Golden Globe®, and Martin Ritt’s “Norma Rae,” for which she received a Golden Globe, along with the New York Film Critics prize, the National Board of Review Award, the Los Angeles Film Critics Award, the National Society of Film Critics honor and Best Actress at the Cannes Film Festival. Field has also received Golden Globe nominations for her work in “Smokey and the Bandit,” “Absence of Malice,” “Kiss Me Goodbye,” “Steel Magnolias” and “Forrest Gump.” Her many film credits include “An Eye for An Eye,” “Mrs. Doubtfire,” “Soapdish,” “Not Without My Daughter,” “The End,” “Hooper,” “Stay Hungry” (her first major film role), as well as “Punchline” and “Murphy’s Romance,” both of which were produced by her production company, Fogwood Films.", "Jane Fonda received worldwide recognition based on her performance. \"[Fonda] makes all the right choices, from the mechanics of her walk and her voice inflection to the penetration of the girl's raging psyche. It is a rare performance.\" She won an Oscar for Best Actress in a Leading Role and the film was nominated for Best Writing, Story and Screenplay Based on Factual Material or Material Not Previously Published or Produced. Fonda also received awards for her performance from the New York Film Critics Circle, Kansas City Film Critics Circle and the National Society of Film Critics.", "Portrayed Sister Aloysius Beauvier in the film adaptation of John Patrick Shanley's play \"Doubt\"; earned Golden Globe and Academy Award nominations for Best Actress", "An Academy Award-winning actress and multiple Oscar nominee. In 2004, she won an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for her work in Anthony Minghella's \"Cold Mountain.\" In addition, she swept the Golden Globe, BAFTA, Screen Actors Guild (SAG), and Critics' Choice Awards for her role in the Civil War drama, based on the best-selling novel.", "Following the success of the musical, Streep went on to attract even more praise for her role as Sister Aloysius Beauvier in Scott Rudin’s ‘Doubt’, which landed her a nomination for an Academy Award for Best Actress. She won several other major accolades for the film, which paved the way for even greater critical triumph with her next project.", "Other nominees included Viola Davis for Doubt, Marisa Tomei for The Wrestler, Taraji P. Henson for The Curious Case of Benjamin Button and Amy Adams for Doubt.", "LD: Mrs. Doubtfire was based on a British children's book by Anne Fine. Randi Mayem Singer was hired before me. Her draft was a little more like the children's book. As is often the case with these things, the finished film bears almost no resemblance to the children's book at all. It took the premise and partied. Fox brought me in. Basically my job was to tailor the script as a giant piece of bait for Robin Williams. That's who they wanted. In the book the character was a very strange gypsylike woman wearing shawls and dangling earrings who was very flamboyant. I remember thinking when I read the children's book, \"This guy is going to look like a drag queen.\" I will take credit for having made her a kindly, maternal, pigeon-breasted, British, stolid, salt-of-the-earth, peppery old wren. My version ended with them getting back together, which was a little pat. I had no fun working on that script, none whatsoever. It was unmitigated torture from beginning to end. I never imagined for one moment that such an amusing movie could come out of it.", "Robin Williams homages the film in Mrs. Doubtfire (1993), saying, “I feel like Gloria Swanson. I’m ready for my close-up, Mr. DeMille.”", "Grace Kelly won a Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actress while the film was nominated for two Oscars: Best Actress in a Leading Role (Gardner) and Best Actress in a Supporting Role (Kelly). The film was also nominated for a BAFTA Award for Best Film. ", "Meryl Streep (nominated as Best Actress for her role as Sister Aloysius Beauvier, the suspicious, domineering strict head of a Bronx Catholic school in New York City) and Amy Adams (nominated as Best Supporting Actress for her role as sensitive and innocent novitiate Sister James) for Doubt (2008)", "The \"best picture\" award will go to Hiram Q. Largebudget for his film \"Keeping Academy Members In Work.\" Best actor will be David Buggins for his part in \"A reasonably good film and he hasn't had an Oscar before\" and best actress will definitely be Jennifer Gettingonabit for her role in \"Perhaps we'd better give her a statue before she's thirty and can't get any more work\".", "Swank, who won the best-actress Oscar five years ago for \"Boys Don't Cry,\" once again beat out main rival Annette Bening, nominated for the theater farce \"Being Julia.\" Bening had been the front-runner for \"American Beauty\" five years ago but lost to underdog Swank.", "A couple of 2014's best actresses have multiple movies that are Oscar frontrunners. Reese Witherspoon has two films - Wild and The Good Lie, while Jessica Chastain has A Violent Year, Interstellar, and The Disappearance of Eleanor Rigby that could all be up for contention. Both actresses have previously won the Best Actress Oscar and might be able to repeat in 2015.", "Deborah Kerr has the record for the most nominations for the Best Actress Academy Award without ever winning. She was nominated a total of six times (Edward, My Son, 1949, From Here To Eternity, 1953, The King and I, 1956, Heaven Knows, Mr. Allison, 1957, Seperate Tables, 1958 and The Sundowners, 1960). In 1994, she was finally given an honorary Oscar as appreciation for her years of exemplerary work in many fine films. Glenn Close presented her with the award and she gave an eloqent speech.", "Meryl Streep arrives at the premiere of \"Doubt\" during the AFI Fest 2008 opening night gala in Los Angeles on Thursday, Oct. 30, 2008. Considered by many in the movie industry to be the greatest living film actress, Streep has been nominated for the Academy Award an astonishing 15 times (including for \"Doubt\"), and has won it twice.", "He presented the Best Supporting Actress Oscar at the 1985 ceremony. The winner was Peggy Ashcroft for A Passage to India (1984).", "In 2001, Mrs. Doubtfire 2 began being developed by Bonnie Hunt, but writing did not begin until 2003. Robin Williams was set to return in disguise as an old nanny. Due to problems with the script, re-writing began in 2006, as Williams was unhappy with the plot, and the sequel was again \"scrapped\" later that year. The film was expected to be released in late 2007, but following further script problems, the sequel was declared \"scrapped\" in December 2006. ", "Best ActressBette Davis, Now, VoyagerGreer Garson, Mrs. MiniverKatharine Hepburn, Woman of the YearRosalind Russell, My Sister EileenTeresa Wright, The Pride of the YankeesActor in a Supporting RoleWilliam Bendix, Wake IslandVan Heflin, Johnny EagerWalter Huston, Yankee Doodle DandyFrank Morgan, Tortilla FlatHenry Travers, Mrs. MiniverActress in a Supporting RoleGladys Cooper, Now, VoyagerAgnes Moorehead, The Magnificent AmbersonsSusan Peters, Random HarvestDame May Whitty, Mrs. MiniverTeresa Wright, Mrs. MiniverDirectingMichael Curtiz, Yankee Doodle DandyJohn Farrow, Wake IslandMervyn LeRoy, Random HarvestSam Wood, Kings RowWilliam Wyler, Mrs. MiniverWriting", "Bankability Vs. Prestige: Hollywood’s bankable female stars are now in their late twenties and thirties, but none has made an Oscar-caliber movie. Sandra Bullock andCameron Diaz have not made films this year and Jennifer Lopez, barely recovered fromGigli, is in the lukewarm Shall We Dance? After scoring big with the Legally Blondecomedies, and Sweet Home Alabama, Reese Witherspoon followed up with Vanity Fair, an artistic and commercial flop. Pushing the theatrical release of a film like Proof,based on the Pulitzer prize-winning play, to next year has certainly made things worse.Proof offers two good roles for women, played by Oscar-winner Gwyneth Paltrow and the estimable Hope Davis.", "Sadly, Dean never saw the release of the film, as he died in a car accident in 1955. The next year saw Elizabeth co-star with Montgomery Clift in Raintree County , an overblown epic made, partially, in Kentucky. Critics called it dry as dust. In addition, Clift was seriously injured during the film, with Taylor helping save his life. Despite the film's shortcomings and off-camera tragedy, Elizabeth was nominated for an Academy Award for her portrayal of Southern belle Susanna Drake. However, on Oscar night the honor went to Joanne Woodward for The Three Faces of Eve .", "Earlier, Winslet accepted the best actress award for her role in The Reader as a German woman with a secret Nazi past. It was her first Oscar, and she was obviously overwhelmed.", "Shirley MacLaine accepts her Oscar at the 56th annual Academy Awards show in Los Angeles, Calif., on April 9, 1984. MacLaine won best actress for her performance in the motion picture \"Terms of Endearment.\"", "Streep's other film of 2008 was Doubt featuring Philip Seymour Hoffman, Amy Adams, and Viola Davis. A drama revolving around the stern principal nun (Streep) of a Bronx Catholic school in 1964 who brings charges of pedophilia against a popular priest (Hoffman), the film became a moderate box office success, but was hailed by many critics as one of the best of 2008. The film received five Academy Awards nominations, for its four lead actors and for Shanley's script. Ebert, who awarded the film the full four stars, highlighted Streep's caricature of a nun, who \"hates all inroads of the modern world\", while Kelly Vance of The East Bay Express remarked: \"It's thrilling to see a pro like Streep step into an already wildly exaggerated role and then ramp it up a few notches just for the sheer hell of it. Grim, red-eyed, deathly pale Sister Aloysius may be the scariest nun of all time.\" ", "Streep plays a nun and Philip Seymour Hoffman a priest in 2008's \"Doubt,\" an adaptation of the Pulitzer Prize winning play.", "4.5B001PA0FFOSet in 1964 doubt centers on a nun who confronts a priest after suspecting him of abusing a black student. He denies the charges and much of the plays quick-fire dialogue tackles themes of religion morality and authority. Studio: Buena Vista Home Video Release Date: 04/07/2009 Starring: Meryl Streep Amy Adams Run time: 103 minutes Rating: Pg13 Director: John Patrick Shanley", "Tuesday Weld (with her sole career nomination) as impulsive Katherine Dunn (Diane Keaton's older sister) in writer/director Richard Brooks' Looking for Mr. Goodbar (with two nominations and no wins)", "Six-time nominee Glenn Close has three Emmy Awards and three Tony Awards, but no Oscars. Along with Deborah Kerr and Thelma Ritter, Close holds the record of actress with the most nominations without winning:", "Set in a Bronx Catholic elementary school in 1964, DOUBT centers on a fierce war of wills between an iron-gloved nun (Meryl Streep) and a popular priest she accuses of sexually abusing a black student. He vehemently denies the charge and has a logical answer for every piece of the nun's circumstantial evidence, but nothing sways her; she's absolutely convinced the priest is guilty. Much of the film’s emotional dialogue tackles themes of religion, morality, and authority, but the basic question comes down to, did he or did he not molest the boy? Clues to both points of view abound, which of course is why the movie is titled DOUBT, but without talking with the author, there’s no way to know for sure. Here's what I think: any movie that provokes so much debate about such an important topic is a movie worth seeing. And this one happens also to offer performances and dialogue as good as they get." ]	[ 6.203125, 3.01953125, 2.96484375, -0.2509765625, -1.31640625, -1.498046875, -2.66796875, -2.748046875, -2.986328125, -3.37890625, -3.39453125, -3.5078125, -3.623046875, -3.765625, -3.845703125, -3.92578125, -4, -4.29296875, -4.37890625, -4.63671875, -4.671875, -4.83203125, -4.890625, -4.9609375, -5.03515625, -5.296875, -5.90234375, -7.046875, -7.375, -7.7421875, -7.8828125, -8.484375 ]
Which musical was Victor Fleming making the same time as he was making Gone With the Wind?	[ "Victor Fleming (seated second from right) with Vivien Leigh and Clark Gable on the set of “Gone with the Wind,” in 1939, the year he also made “The Wizard of Oz.” Credit Photograph from MGM / Photofest", "In Hollywood, Busby Berkeley produced several spectacular, fabulously choreographed musicals, with innovative cinematography and lavish sets and costumes. Frank Capra spoke to a dispirited nation with movies like American Madness. In 1938, the Wizard of Oz and Gone with the Wind, both directed by Victor Fleming, were released.", "Victor Fleming directed two of the most beloved films of all time, Gone with the Wind and The Wizard of Oz , both in the same year. The rest of his filmography is long forgotten, and today he is only brought up as a trivia question to talk about how those two rival films shared a director.", "January 6 – Victor Fleming, 59, American director and producer, The Wizard of Oz, Gone With the Wind, Captains Courageous, Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde", "In 1932, Fleming joined MGM and directed some of the studio's most prestigious films. Red Dust (1932), Bombshell (1933), and Reckless (1935) showcasing Jean Harlow, while Treasure Island (1934) and Captains Courageous (1937) brought a touch of literary distinction to boy's-own adventure stories. His two most famous films came in 1939, when The Wizard of Oz was closely followed by Gone with the Wind.", "Gone with the Wind is a 1939 film adapted from Margaret Mitchell's 1936 novel of the same name. It went on to win ten Academy Awards , a record that would stand for years, and has been dubbed by the American Film Institute as fourth in the top 100 American films of the 20th Century . It has sold more tickets than any other film in history, and today has become one of the most popular films of all time, and the most enduring symbol of the golden age of Hollywood.", "Academy Award-winning director of Gone With the Wind, The Wizard of Oz, Treasure Island, and Captains Courageous, to name a few. Scarce vintage fountain pen signature and inscription, “To Arthur Howard with good wishes, Victor Fleming,” on an off-white 5 x 3 page. In fine condition, with collector’s typed notations to bottom, punch holes to left edge and unobtrusive mounting remnants to two edges. Pre-certified PSA/DNA and RR Auction COA.…(MB $200)", "Everything was going well on Oz until, early in 1939, George Cukor came into conflict with Gable and Selznick on the set of Gone With the Wind. Gable thought Cukor, seen as a \"woman's director\", was giving too much attention to Olivia De Havilland and Vivien Leigh, while Selznick felt the movie lacked dynamism. So Cukor was fired. As Selznick's own company was co-producing with MGM, Fleming was snatched away from MGM's Oz, where he was replaced for the film's final weeks by King Vidor. Working from Fleming's storyboards, Vidor directed the monochrome sequences, but Fleming returned to shape the film at the editing stage.", "“Of course, some people do go both ways.” With just weeks left of shooting, Fleming got an emergency call from producer David O. Selznick asking him to take over Gone With the Wind, due to a fallout between he, Cukor and Clark Gable. Fleming agreed, handing the Oz reigns over to King Vidor, who had directed such silent classics as The Big Parade (1925) and The Crowd (1928). (H)", "The score was written by Max Steiner, who was best known for the musical score for Gone with the Wind . The song \" As Time Goes By\" by Herman Hupfeld had been part of the story from the original play; Steiner wanted to write his own song to replace it, but he had to abandon his plan because Bergman had already cut her hair short for her next role and could not re-shoot the scenes which mentioned the song. So Steiner based the entire score on it (and \" La Marseillaise\"), transforming them to reflect the changing moods of the movie. Particularly notable is the \"duel of the songs\", in which \"La Marseillaise\" is played by a full orchestra rather than just the small band actually present in Rick's club, competing against the Germans singing \" Die Wacht am Rhein\" at the piano. Other songs include \"It Had to Be You\" from 1924 with lyrics by Gus Kahn and music by Isham Jones, \"Knock on Wood\" with music by M.K. Jerome and lyrics by Jack Scholl and Shine from 1910 by Cecil Mack and Lew Brown with music by Ford Dabney.", "Seventy years ago, on 15 December 1939, one of Hollywood's most legendary movies, Gone With the Wind, a celebration of what the American South endured as a result of the Civil War, had its whites-only world premiere in Atlanta, Georgia. Its stars were there – Vivien Leigh , who played the brave, capricious, head-strong, thrice married heroine Scarlett O'Hara, and Clark Gable, Hollywood's democratically elected king, who played the handsome, pragmatic hero Rhett Butler; and also present, of course, was its producer, the \"boy wonder\" David O Selznick, who had been developing the film for three years, ever since buying the rights to Margaret Mitchell's mammoth bestselling 1936 novel. Absent and not especially missed was the man who was to win one of the film's nine Oscars, its director, Victor Fleming. He wasn't there partly because he'd had a row with Selznick, but mainly because he'd stayed behind in Los Angeles to attend the funeral of his mentor and hunting companion, Douglas Fairbanks, the great silent star for whom he had been chief cinematographer 20 years before.", "Costume créé par Walter Plunkett et porté par Vivien Leigh dans “Gone with the Wind, Victor Fleming”, 1939Dessin provenant de l’ouvrage “David O'Selznick's Hollywood“, written and produced by Ronald haver,édition Secker and Warburg, 1980 © David O. Selznick", "Gone with the Wind sits squarely in the arc of our history. The same number of years has passed between the end of the Civil War and the making of the film as have passed between the premier of the film and today.", "Marlon Brando made his first indelible mark on audiences in this powerful adaptation of Tennessee Williams' Pulitzer Prize-winning play. Gone With the Wind's Vivien Leigh is the neurotic belle Blanche du Bois who struggles to hold on to her fading Southern gentility against the brutish badgering of her brother-in-law, Stanley Kowalski (Brando). Leigh, Kim Hunter, Karl Malden and the rich black-and-white cinematography were all awarded Oscars for this cinematic classic.", "The year 1939 has been regarded as the best in Hollywood’s history and judging from the list of Best Picture nominees it’s easy to see why. But it was Victor Fleming ’s iconic romantic epic that surpassed them all to win Oscar. Ironically, Fleming was brought onto the film to replace George Cukor after leaving The Wizard of Oz, which also received a nomination. Sam Wood replaced him for a couple weeks after Fleming suffered from exhaustion, and later saw his other picture, Goodbye, Mr. Chips, also get a Best Picture nod. Other notables where Frank Capra’s Mr. Smith Goes to Washington, Billy Wilder’s Ninotchka, John Ford’s Stagecoach and William Wyler ’s adaptation of Wuthering Heights. A great year indeed.", "Gone with the Wind (Fleming—additional scenes directed by Cukor, Wood, Menzies, and David O. Selznick) (as Scarlett O'Hara)", "There are, however, less likeable sides to his character. Many people regarded him as anti-Semitic, but this may well have been part of the coarseness of male conversation in those days. He doesn't appear to have harboured deeply ingrained prejudices. The screenwriter Ben Hecht, an ardent Zionist, recalled him as \"aloof and poetic\", enjoyed working with him on Gone With the Wind, and wrote amusingly about being called in to rewrite the script. When Hecht revealed he hadn't read the novel, Selznick and Fleming acted out the story, the former playing Scarlett, the latter Rhett Butler and Ashley Wilkes. Fleming was also at times vituperatively rightwing and a founder member of the Motion Picture Alliance for the Preservation of American Ideals, a witch-hunting organisation that encouraged the House Un-American Activities Committee's investigations of Hollywood. But he was highly regarded by the Communist screenwriter Dalton Trumbo, jailed as one of the Hollywood 10.", "A classic, sentimental, romantic tearjerker, Vivien Leigh's first film following her success in Gone With The Wind (1939). Middle-aged British colonel Roy Cronin (Robert Taylor) paced on the famous Waterloo Bridge in the city of London during World War II, and in flashback, remembered when he was a handsome Army Captain ready to depart for the trenches in World War I. He fell in love with naive young ballerina Myra Lester (Vivien Leigh), but was called off to war and their plans to wed were postponed. Bidding him farewell at the Waterloo train station, she abandoned her dance performance and was fired from the ballet company. Desperate, Myra soon descended into poverty, became destitute, and turned to prostitution, walking the Waterloo Bridge for clients. She falsely learned that Roy had been killed in the war, but in a memorable scene, accidentally mt him when he returned, while she was soliciting business from returning soldiers. During their reunion, Myra didn't reveal her occupation to him. They renewed their romance and lives, but she became distraught and suicidal, feeling degraded by her indiscretions and deception, and fearing that her secrets would resurface and prevent them from marrying. In the downbeat conclusion, Myra walked in front of a truck.", "This is the iconic final line of the book Gone with the Wind . It's also the final line of the film adaptation (directed by Victor Fleming, 1939) spoken by Scarlett O'Hara, played by Vivien Leigh.", "Upon its release, Gone with the Wind broke attendance records everywhere. At the Capitol Theatre in New York alone, it was averaging eleven thousand admissions per day in late December, and within four years of its release had sold an estimated sixty million tickets across the United States—sales equivalent to just under half the population at the time. It repeated its success overseas, and was a sensational hit during the Blitz in London, opening in April 1940 and playing for four years. By the time MGM withdrew it from circulation at the end of 1943 its worldwide distribution had returned a gross rental (the studio's share of the box office gross) of $32 million, making it the most profitable film ever made up to that point.", "The work premiered on Broadway at the Imperial Theatre on September 2, 1924, running for 557 performances. It was the longest-running Broadway musical of the 1920s until it was surpassed by The Student Prince (1926). It was then produced at the Theatre Royal, Drury Lane in London in 1925, enjoying another extraordinary run of 581 performances. It was filmed in 1928, in 1936 and again in 1954.", "According to theatre historian John Kenrick, H.M.S. Pinafore, in particular, \"became an international sensation, reshaping the commercial theater in both England and the United States.\" Adaptations of The Mikado, Pinafore and The Gondoliers have played on Broadway or the West End, including The Hot Mikado (1939; Hot Mikado played in the West End in 1995), George S. Kaufman's 1945 Hollywood Pinafore, the 1975 animated film Dick Deadeye, or Duty Done and, more recently,Gondoliers (2001; a Mafia-themed adaptation) and Pinafore Swing (2004), each of which was first produced at the Watermill Theatre, in which the actors also served as the orchestra, playing the musical instruments. Shows that use G&S songs to tell the story of the Gilbert and Sullivan partnership include a 1938 Broadway show, Knights of Song, and a 1975 West End show called Tarantara! Tarantara! Many other musicals parody or pastiche the operas. ", "South Pacific is a 1949 musical with music by Richard Rodgers, lyrics by Oscar Hammerstein II and book by Hammerstein and Joshua Logan. The story draws from James A. Michener’s Pulitzer Prize-winning, 1948 novel, Tales of the South Pacific, weaving together characters and elements from several of its stories into a single plotline. Two love affairs are chronicled. The first involves Lt. Joe Cable and a young Polynesian girl. The second revolves around Nellie Forbush, a Navy nurse from Little Rock, and Emile de Becque, a French planter with whom she falls in love one enchanted evening. Cable and de Becque go on a dangerous mission behind Japanese lines from which only one of them returns. The musical won the Pulitzer Prize for Drama in 1950 for its exploration of racial prejudice.", "Among its other influences on popular culture, Pinafore had perhaps its most profound influence on the development of musical theatre . According to theatre historian John Kenrick , Pinafore \"became an international sensation, reshaping the commercial theater in both England and the United States.\" [208] Music writer Andrew Lamb notes, \"The success of H.M.S. Pinafore in 1879 established British comic opera alongside French opéra bouffe throughout the English-speaking world\". [209] Historian John Bush Jones opines that Pinafore and the other Savoy operas demonstrate that musical theatre \"can address contemporary social and political issues without sacrificing entertainment value\" and that Pinafore created the model for a new kind of musical theatre, the \"integrated\" musical, where \"book, lyrics, and music combined to form an integral whole\". [210] He adds that its \"unprecedented ... popularity fostered an American audience for musical theatre, while the show itself became a model for form, content, and even intention of ... musicals ever since, especially socially relevant musicals.\" [211] Its popularity also led to the musical theatre adaptations of Pinafore described above, musicals in which the story line involves a production of Pinafore [212] and other musicals that parody the opera or that use or adapt its music. [213]", "Show Boat is a 1927 musical in two acts, with music by Jerome Kern and book and lyrics by Oscar Hammerstein II. Based on Edna Ferber's best-selling novel of the same name, the musical follows the lives of the performers, stagehands and dock workers on the Cotton Blossom, a Mississippi River show boat, over 40 years, from 1887 to 1927. Its themes include racial prejudice and tragic, enduring love. The musical contributed such classic songs as \"Ol' Man River\", \"Make Believe\" and \"Can't Help Lovin' Dat Man\".", "Which character is the lead heroine in \"Gone With The Wind\" - she was played by Vivienne Leigh in the 1938 film?", "In 1995, Blake Edwards decided to transfer the movie to Broadway and convinced his wife Julie Andrews to reprise her role. The hit Broadway musical Victor Victoria opened at the Marquis Theater on October 25, 1995 and ran for 734 performances. Liza Minnelli substituted for Julie Andrews while she was on vacation and Raquel Welch took over for her when she left the show.", "Another one to take the stage was Victor Victoria. Originally written and directed by Blake Edwards in 1982, starring James Garner, Julie Andrews and Robert Preston, the movie did not do well. We absolutely loved the film, however. It’s well suited for the transition to stage, as it’s about a struggling female soprano who finds work playing a male female impersonator, but it complicates her personal life. Robert Preston is just amazing in the film and really steals the show with his musical number at the end of the movie. Robert Preston did the final musical number in one take, which explains why he was so clearly out of breath, physically stressed, and sweating profusely during the second half of the number. So it’s very easy to see it transferred to Broadway.", "In 1946, a major new Broadway revival was produced by Jerome Kern and Oscar Hammerstein II at the show's original home, the Ziegfeld Theatre. The 1946 revival featured a revised score and new song by Kern and Hammerstein, and a new overture and orchestrations by Robert Russell Bennett. The show was directed by Hammerstein and Hassard Short and featured Jan Clayton (Magnolia), Charles Fredricks (Ravenal), Carol Bruce (Julie), Kenneth Spencer (Joe), Helen Dowdy (Queenie), and Buddy Ebsen (Frank). The successful production ran for 418 performances and then toured extensively. Kern, however, died just weeks before the January 5, 1946 opening, making it the last show he worked on.", "Directed by George Sidney. Cast: Kathryn Grayson, Ava Gardner, Howard Keel. Based on the Jerome Kern-Oscar Hammerstein II musical play from Edna Ferber's novel. Romantic story of Magnolia Hawks who grew up on the Cotton Blossom, the Mississippi showboat owned by her father, lovable Captain Andy and her stern mother, Parthy. 115 min. DVD 472", "\"One Hour With You\" (Oscar Straus/Richard A. Whiting) - Harpo with another girl and his horse — segué into a bit of \"The Old Gray Mare\"", "IVANHOE, screen play by Noel Langley; adaptation by Aeneas MacKenzie; directed by Richard Thorpe; produced by Pandro S. Berman for Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. At the Radio City Music Hall." ]	[ 3.982421875, 3.4453125, 3.439453125, 1.181640625, 0.52734375, 0.14306640625, -0.297607421875, -0.88525390625, -1.0390625, -1.294921875, -1.34765625, -3.001953125, -3.0546875, -3.05859375, -3.296875, -3.5625, -3.64453125, -3.716796875, -3.755859375, -3.755859375, -5.00390625, -5.6875, -6.30859375, -6.6484375, -6.79296875, -6.91796875, -7.51953125, -7.96484375, -8.515625, -8.59375, -8.8046875, -8.9453125 ]
Which Club featured in cabaret?	[ "Cabaret features show-stopping choreography, dazzling costumes and some of the most iconic songs in musical theatre including Money Makes the World Go Round, Two Ladies, Maybe This Time and of course Cabaret. The production turns Weimar Berlin of 1931 into a sassy, sizzling haven of decadence. And at its dark heart are the notorious Emcee and sassy Sally Bowles, who perform nightly at the infamous Kit Kat Klub.", "Cabaret é um musical com músicas de John Kander, letras de Fred Ebb e libreto de Joe Masteroff. A produção original na Broadway no ano de 1966 foi um enorme sucesso, e acabou gerando inúmeras outras produções além de um filme em 1972. Ele foi baseado na peça I Am a Camera, escrita em 1951 por John Van Druten, que por sua vez era uma adaptação do romance Goodbye to Berlin, escrito em 1939 por Christopher Isherwood. Se passando em 1931 enquanto os nazistas estão chegando no poder, Cabaret se foca na vida noturna no Kit Kat Klub, principalmente na relação de Sally Bowles, uma cantora britânica, com o jovem escritor norte-americano Cliff Bradshaw. Um subenredo gira em torno do romance entre a dona alemã de uma pensão, Fräulein Schneider, e seu pretendente judeu, Herr Schultz, um vendedor de frutas. Supervisionando todas as ações do Kit Kat Klub está o Mestre de Cerimônias, que também atua como metáfora para o estado de ameaça vivido durante a República de Weimar.", "Cabaret is a musical based on a book written by Christopher Isherwood, music by John Kander and lyrics by Fred Ebb. The 1966 Broadway production became a hit, inspiring numerous subsequent productions in London and New York, as well as the 1972 film by the same name. It is based on John Van Druten's 1951 play I Am a Camera, which was adapted from the short novel Goodbye to Berlin (1939) by Christopher Isherwood. Set in 1931 Berlin as the Nazis are rising to power, it is based in nightlife at the seedy Kit Kat Klub, and revolves around the 19-year-old English cabaret performer Sally Bowles and her relationship with the young American writer Cliff Bradshaw. A sub-plot involves the doomed romance between German boarding house owner Fräulein Schneider and her elderly suitor Herr Schultz, a Jewish fruit vendor. Overseeing the action is the Master of Ceremonies at the Kit Kat Klub. The club serves as a metaphor for ominous political developments in late Weimar Germany.", "Based on a book by Christopher Isherwood, Cabaret tells the story of a seedy nightclub in 1930’s Berlin where a young English performer strikes up a relationship with an American writer, all while a zealous Master of Ceremonies commands the action at the Kit Kat Klub.", "Today, the film version of Cabaret is celebrating its 40th anniversary with the release of a fully-restored DVD. In the movie, Joel Grey reprized his Emcee role, and the film begins with him drawing you leeringly into his kaleidoscopic refuge at the Kit Kat Club–a subterranean haven where demi-monde figures cast shadows of in consequence while Nazi boots stomp nearby. (Later in the film, it’s clear that the song “Tomorrow Belongs to Me” doesn’t refer to them.)", "In 1972, choreographer Bob Fosse directed the Cabaret film adaptation. Fosse took out all the musical numbers that didn’t take place on the Kit Kat Club stage, so only two characters sing—Sally Bowles, played by Liza Minnelli, and the Emcee, Joel Grey, reviving his role from the original Broadway production. The film won 8 Academy Awards, including Best Director, Best Actress and Best Supporting Actor.", "The show is based on John Van Druten's 1951 play I Am a Camera, which in turn was adapted from the 1939 short novel Goodbye to Berlin by Christopher Isherwood. Cabaret the musical is set in 1931 Berlin as the Nazis are rising to power; it focuses on nightlife at the seedy Kit Kat Klub and revolves around the 19-year-old English cabaret performer Sally Bowles (Michelle Ryan) and her relationship with the young American writer Cliff Bradshaw. Overseeing the action is the Master of Ceremonies (Will Young) at the Kit Kat Klub.", "When Bob Fosse made the film version of Cabaret in 1972, he jettisoned all the traditional book songs, and the piece became a full-fledged concept musical. In 1987, when Prince revived the stage version, the show's creators went back and revised the show again, putting back the homosexuality in the story, incorporating some improvements from the film version, trying things audiences had not been ready for in 1966. In 1993, Sam Mendes went even further with a production at Londonï¿½s Donmar Warehouse, trimming the showï¿½s fat, better focusing the showï¿½s central metaphor, and creating yet another version that better integrates the two separate styles Prince first created. In Mendesï¿½ version (London, 1993; Broadway, 1998), the entire show was placed in the Kit Kat Klub, on the club stage, and the dialogue scenes became ï¿½actsï¿½ in the club. This better integrated the two parts of the show and eliminated the wall between actors and audience, placing the audience on three sides of the stage, only a few feet from the action, rather than across an orchestra pit, involving them in the action.", "A musical for people who generally can't bear musicals, Cabaret sidesteps the weirdness of normal people suddenly breaking into song by having all the songs occur in the Kit-Kat nightclub as part of the show - apart from a sinister Nazi sing-song by various healthy outdoors-y Hitler Youth-y types, which never fails to send a shiver down the spine. Key song: 'Mein Herr'", "The Cabaret Theatre Club, later known as The Cave of the Golden Calf, was opened by Frida Strindberg (modelled on the Kaberett Fledermaus in Strindberg's native Vienna) in a basement at 9 Heddon Street, London, in 1912. She intended her club to be an avant-garde meeting place for bohemian writers and artists, with decorations by Jacob Epstein, Eric Gill and Wyndham Lewis; but it rapidly came to be seen as an amusing place for high society, and went bankrupt in 1914. The Cave was nevertheless an influential venture, which introduced the concept of cabaret to London. It provided a model for the generation of nightclubs that came after it ", "Cabaret is a musical based on a book written by Christopher Isherwood, music by John Kander and lyrics by Fred Ebb. The 1966 Broadway production became a hit, inspiring numerous subsequent productions in London and New York, as well as the 1972 film by the same name.A sub-plot involves the doomed romance between German boarding house owner Fräulein Schneider and her elderly suitor Herr Schultz, a Jewish fruit vendor. Overseeing the action is the Master of Ceremonies at the Kit Kat Klub. The club serves as a metaphor for ominous political developments in late Weimar Germany.", "Shot on location in Munich and West Berlin, there’s very little of what could be labeled “Hollywood” in the look and feel of Cabaret. Sure, Sally is wildly over-talented for such a rundown dive, and Fosse’s choreography, while appropriately modest, is far too snazzy for what one would expect from such an establishment, but this to me, is quibbling. In every meaningful way, from the lived-in faces of the extras, the baggy period clothing, the monstrous/beautiful fleshiness of the performers at the Kit Kat Klub (all unshaved armpits and death-mask makeup); Cabaret’s aesthetics evoke stark realism more than artifice.", "Legendary Studio 54 is home to the \"Kit Kat Klub\" in this Tony Award-winning revival of Kander and Ebb's ground-breaking musical. Set in Berlin at the beginning of the Third Reich, Cabaret follows the romance of an English cabaret performer and an American writer. The songs sung on the cabaret stage by its performers and Emcee hint at the political upheaval in the world around them, as we see firsthand how the changing times finally start to take their toll on the lives of the people backstage. The show currently stars Adam Pascal as the Emcee, Susan Egan as Sally Bowles, Tony Roberts as Herr Schultz, and Blair Brown as Fraulein Schneider. May be inappropriate for ages 16 and under.", "Cabaret is a 1972 American musical film directed by Bob Fosse and starring Liza Minnelli, Michael York and Joel Grey. The film is set in Berlin during the Weimar Republic in 1931, under the presence of the growing Nazi Party.", "Cabaret is a form of entertainment featuring music, song, dance, recitation, or drama. It is mainly distinguished by the performance venue, which might be a pub, a restaurant or a nightclub with a stage for performances. The audience, often dining or drinking, does not typically dance but usually sits at tables. Performances are usually introduced by a master of ceremonies or MC (sometimes spelled emcee in the U.S.) The entertainment, as done by an ensemble of actors and according to its European origins, is often (but not always) oriented towards adult audiences and of a clearly underground nature. In the United States striptease, burlesque, drag shows, or a solo vocalist with a pianist, as well as the venues which house such events, are often advertised as cabarets.", "Called \"Cabaret,\" it opened in November 1966 and ran for 1,165 performances, immediately establishing Kander and Ebb as musical-theater songwriters to watch. The production, set in pre-World War II Germany, featured a huge mirror which reflected back into the audience and featured a sexually provocative master of ceremonies, played by Joel Grey, who taunted and teased the audience in song.", "Cabaret was the first property to travel from book to dramatic play to dramatic film to stage musical to screen musical (Auntie Mame would match that path a few years later). It had started as Christopher Isherwood's short story \"Sally Bowles,\" about an amoral singer living in Berlin during the 1930s, and was later included in his collection, The Berlin Stories. \"Sally Bowles\" and another story about a gigolo who admits he's Jewish to win the heart of an heiress provided the basis for John Van Druten's I Am a Camera, a 1951 stage play starring Julie Harris as Bowles, which was adapted for the screen in 1955. Then, in 1966, Harold Prince scored a hit with Cabaret, a musical version featuring a different subplot (about a gentile landlady in love with a Jewish grocer) and a new character called the M.C. that made Joel Grey a star.", "Cabaret is often cited as one of the first major 'concept musicals', where the direction, design and symbolism of the piece can be just as important as the plot. The images evoked of decadent Berlin and the ways in which it bows to the rise of Nazism are powerful and disturbing, able to affect multiple generations of theatre-goers. The piece was conceived by producer-director Hal Prince, who worked closely with librettist Joe Masteroff, composer John Kander and lyricist Fred Ebb to shape both the general outline and the specific details of the show. The show opened on Broadway on 20 November, 1966, where the opening-night cast included Joel Grey, Jill Haworth and Lotte Lenya. The production ran for 1,165 performances and won 8 Tony Awards. A subsequent London production included Judi Dench, Peter Sallis and Barry Dennen in the cast. It opened on 28 February, 1968 and ran for 336 performances.", "During 1998, the collapse of a construction hoist blocked access to the Henry Miller Theatre on 43rd Street, where the successful revival of the Broadway musical Cabaret was playing. To keep the show accessible, the Roundabout Theater Company agreed to move the performance to Studio 54. Brooke Shields , who had been to Studio 54 many times, would eventually star as Sally in the Studio 54 production. Roundabout later bought the building in 2003 from Allied for $22.5 million [15] , and Cabaret played until 2004.", "Cabaret is foremost an adaptation by librettist Joe Masteroff of John Van Druten's play I Am a Camera, itself a dramatisation of Christopher Isherwood's Berlin Stories (The Last of Mr Norris and Goodbye to Berlin), by librettist Joe Masteroff. The actress Lotte Lenya (Kurt Weill's widow) formed the most obvious link between the two productions, having played Jenny in the original The Threepenny Opera and Fraulein Schneider in the original Cabaret in 1966. Lenya's presence in this new show added authenticity for Kander and Ebb, the creators of Cabaret, who wanted to recreate the \"feel\" of pre-Nazi Berlin.", "Cabaret (1972 film) by Bob Fosse is based on the works of Christopher Isherwood who attended Corpus Christi College. As a result, the university is referenced in the movie.", "The musical Cabaret was the first big success for songwriting team John Kander and Fred Ebb 1 , a big hit on Broadway, running for over 1,000 performances in its initial engagement and with numerous successful revivals around the world in the decades since it was first performed. Dealing with the rise of the Nazi party in 1930s Berlin, the musical is hard-edged, taking no prisoners in a starkly real storyline based on Christopher Isherwood's Goodbye to Berlin and the subsequent play/film I am a Camera. 2", "The musical Cabaret went through many changes from its source material to the musical that made Liza Minnelli a household name to the current stage productions. The tale of a young English cabaret singer named Sally Bowles and her admirers comes from Christopher Isherwood’s semi-autobiographical short story collection Goodbye to Berlin (1939). The book was first adapted for the stage in 1951 by John Van Druten as the play I Am a Camera.", "At the time of Cabaret's Broadway opening, John Kander was accused of swiping his musical ideas from Kurt Weill , who composed in Berlin at the time of the events depicted in the show. However, Lotte Lenya, who was playing the role of Fräulein Schneider, and happened to have been Weill's wife, reassured him that the songs were not Weill, they simply were Berlin. The main musical numbers from the original stage show are as follows:", "CABARET played for 1165 performances on Broadway at the Broadhurst, Imperial and Broadway Theatres and for 336 performances in London at the Palace Theatre. It was revised for Broadway, first in 1987, when it played for 261 performances at the Imperial and Minskoff Theatres, and most recently in 1998 at Studio 54, where it played for 2,377 performances.", "1987: A unique night at the theatre. The musical revival Cabaret was performed without music. The orchestra went on strike at the Strand Theatre, London after five of its members had been sacked. The show was performed for a further two performances without music before being suspended until the dispute was settled.", "David Benedict from The Observer has written about Cabarets influence in musical films: \"Back then, musicals were already low on filmgoers' lists, so how come it was such a success? Simple: Cabaret is the musical for people who hate them. Given the vibrancy of its now iconic numbers – Liza Minnelli in bowler and black suspenders astride a bentwood chair belting out 'Mein Herr' or shimmying and shivering with pleasure over 'Money' with Joel Grey – it sounds strange to say it but one of the chief reasons why Cabaret is so popular is that it's not shot like a musical.\" ", "In 2013, film critic Peter Bradshaw listed Cabaret at number one on his list of \"Top 10 musicals,\" describing it as \"satanically catchy, terrifyingly seductive ... directed and choreographed with electric style by Bob Fosse ... Cabaret is drenched in the sexiest kind of cynicism and decadent despair.\" ", "Sip Champagne and soak up the atmosphere in one of the city’s most famous cabaret venues", "Cabaret (1972) Musical \| PG \| 2 hours and 4 minutes \| February 13, 1972 (USA)", "Club Marcel – 8730 Sunset Blvd. Opened some time in the early 1940s. A high-end club that attracted an upscale clientele. Had previously been Jane Jones’ Little Club, a popular lesbian hangout.", "This private club, conceived and designed by David Lynch, offers excellent cocktails, wine and spirits, finger food and food tastings. Non-members are admitted after midnight. Members have access to films, concerts and other performances. 142 rue de Montmartre (2nd) 01.40.13.12.33. 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"""The corn is as high as an elephant's eye is in which musical?"	[ "“Knee high by the Fourth of July” was an expression used for many years by Midwest farmers, indicating their corn crop was expected to yield well if those “knee-high conditions” existed. These days the lyrics, “The corn is as high as an elephant’s eye,” from the song Oh, What a Beautiful Morning from the 1943 musical Oklahoma! by Rodgers and Hammerstein , is more accurate.", "Richard Rodgers (composer 1902-1979) and Oscar Hammerstein II (librettist/lyricist, 1895-1960) joined forces in 1943 to create the most successful partnership in American musical theater. Their first musical, \"Oklahoma!, \" was also the first of a new genre, the musical play, blending Rodgers' sophisticated style of musical comedy with Hammerstein's innovations in opera. \"Oklahoma!\" was followed by\" Carousel, South Pacific, The King and I, \" and \"The Sound of Music, \" among others. Collectively the Rodgers and Hammerstein musicals earned thirty-four Tony Awards, fifteen Academy Awards, two Pulitzer Prizes, two Grammy Awards, and an Emmy Award.", "Into the Woods is a musical with music and lyrics by Stephen Sondheim and book by James Lapine. The musical intertwines the plots of several Brothers Grimm and Charles Perrault fairy tales, exploring the consequences of the characters' wishes and quests. The main characters are taken from \"Little Red Riding Hood\", \"Jack and the Beanstalk\", \"Rapunzel\", and \"Cinderella\", as well as several others. The musical is tied together by a story involving a childless baker and his wife and their quest to begin a family (the original beginning of The Grimm Brothers' Rapunzel), their interaction with a witch who has placed a curse on them, and their interaction with other storybook characters during their journey.", "Rodgers and Hammerstein personally oversaw the film to prevent the studio from making the changes that were then typical of stage-to-film musical adaptations, such as interpolating new songs by others. The film followed the stage version more closely than any other Rodgers and Hammerstein stage-to-film adaptation, although it divided the long first scene into several shorter scenes, changing the locations of several of the songs. For example, Kansas City is performed at the train station, where Aunt Eller and other cowboys meet Will Parker just after he returns from Kansas City. Lyrics in the song about a burlesque stripteaser were slightly changed to pass film censorship. In a nod to Green Grow the Lilacs, which was the basis of the musical, Jud attempts revenge on Curly and Laurey by burning a haystack they stand on, before Curly jumps down, landing on Jud and causing him to fall on his own knife. The film omits only \"It's a Scandal, It's an Outrage\" and \"Lonely Room\". The film won Academy Awards for Best Music, Scoring of a Musical Picture and Best Sound, Recording. ", "West Side Story is an American musical with a book by Arthur Laurents, music by Leonard Bernstein, lyrics by Stephen Sondheim and conception and choreography by Jerome Robbins. It was inspired by William Shakespeare's play Romeo and Juliet.", "A stage musical based on the film premiered in London's West End in 2002, with Caractacus Potts played by Michael Ball. The role has since been played on stage in the West End by Gary Wilmot (also on tour), Jason Donovan, Brian Conley (also on tour) and on tour Tim Flavin, Joseph McFadden, Craig McLachlan, Kevin Kennedy, (after playing the Childcatcher) Aled Jones, Darren Bennett, Jon Robyns, Jason Manford and Lee Mead. For the 2005 Broadway production the role was played by Raúl Esparza.", "The Lion King is a musical based on the 1994 Disney animated film of the same name with music by Elton John and lyrics by Tim Rice along with the musical score created by Hans Zimmer with choral arrangements by Lebo M . Directed by Julie Taymor, the musical features actors in animal costumes as well as giant, hollow puppets. The show is produced by Disney Theatrical .", "The unforgettable characters from Kenneth Grahame's beloved classic spring to life in this sparkling Broadway musical adaptation. Mole, a curious girl who leaves her underground life for one of adventure, meets the kindly Water Rat, who agrees to show her the world. That world includes the eccentric and wealthy Mr. Toad, whose outrageous enthusiasm for life, and especially for motor cars, brings trouble for everyone. In a fight with the belligerent Weasels to recapture Toad's ancestral home, the old boxing champion, Mr. Badger, leads them to victory. Much more than a show about animals with human characteristics, WIND IN THE WILLOWS is about the delicate balance among all living things, and the surpassing value of friendship.", "A 2005 concert version of the musical, edited down to two hours, but including all of the songs and the full musical score, was presented at Carnegie Hall. It starred Reba McEntire as Nellie, Brian Stokes Mitchell as Emile, Alec Baldwin as Billis and Lillias White as Bloody Mary. The production used Robert Russell Bennett's original orchestrations and the Orchestra of St. Luke's directed by Paul Gemignani. It was taped and telecast by PBS in 2006 and released the same year on DVD. The New York Times critic Ben Brantley wrote, \"Open-voiced and open-faced, Reba McEntire was born to play Nellie\"; the production was received \"in a state of nearly unconditional rapture. It was one of those nights when cynicism didn't stand a chance.\" Kenrick especially likes Mitchell's \"This Nearly Was Mine\", and praises the concert generally: \"this excellent performance helped restore the reputation of this classic\".", "Barnum is an American musical with a book by Mark Bramble, lyrics by Michael Stewart, and music by Cy Coleman. It is based on the life of showman P. T. Barnum, covering the period from 1835 through 1880 in America and major cities of the world where Barnum took his performing companies. The production combines elements of traditional musical theater with the spectacle of the circus. The characters include jugglers, trapeze artists and clowns, as well as such real-life personalities as Jenny Lind and General Tom Thumb.", "Cast : Jason Donovan (Frank Butler) , Emma Williams (Annie Oakley), Norman Pace (Buffalo Bill), Yiftach Mizrahi (Tommy), Lorna Want (Winnie), Kara Lane (Dolly), William Oxborrow (Charlie), Dermot Canavan, Katie-Marie Carter, Ed Currie, Matthew Dale, Natalie Day, Flo Fields, Sarah Galbraith, Jonny Godbold , Ste Clough, Hannah Grace. (Jonathan Wilkes played Frank Butler on two of the weeks when Jason Donovan was unavailable) Notes: This unostentatious touring production was accompanied by an on-stage nine-piece band. It was generally well received, with special praise for Emma Williams and a somewhat muted reception for Jason Donovan. It had opened in May at the Manchester Opera House, and abruptly ended with this Wimbledon week. It had been announced to follow Wimbledon with Aberdeen and then Torquay, but the last two weeks were cancelled. No reason was given. Original production: Coliseum, June 1947 First revival: Aldwych Theatre, July 1986; Second revival: Prince of Wales, Nov 1992 Third revival: Union, Jan 2008; Fourth revival: Young Vic, Oct 2009", "Aida (also known as Elton John and Tim Rice's Aida) is a musical with music by Elton John , lyrics by Tim Rice , and book by Linda Woolverton , Robert Falls, and David Henry Hwang, and produced by Walt Disney Theatrical .", "The classic Gershwin musical that has since entered the opera repertoire, and one of the greatest pieces of musical theatre ever written. It gave us a number of standards (\"I Got Plenty o' Nuttin,\" \"Summertime,\" \"Bess, You Is My Woman Now,\" and \"It Ain't Necessarily So\").", "Higher and Higher.Music by Richard C. Rodgers. Lyrics by Lorenz Hart. Book by Gladys Hurlbut and Joshua Logan, based on an idea by Irvin Pincus. Directed by Joshua Logan. Choreography by Robert Alton. Shubert Theatre, NYC, 4 April to 15 June 1940. 108 performances. Cast:Eva Condon (Hilda O’Brien), Robert Chisholm (Byng), Billie Worth (Dottie), Hilda Spong (Miss Whiffen), Shirley Ross (Sandy Moore), Jack Haley (Zachary Ash), Lee Dixon (Mike O’Brien), Marta Eggert (Minnie Sorenson), Marie Louise Quevli (Scullery Maid), Gloria Hope, Hollace Shaw, Jane Richardson (Three Nursemaids), Robert Rounseville (Soda Jerker), Marie Nash (Ladies’ Maid), Robert Shanley, Joe Scandur, Richard Moore (Cops), Carl Trees (Footman), Leif Erickson (Patrick O’Toole), Janet Fox (Ellen), Robert Rounseville and Joe Scandur (Truckmen), Fin Olsen (Snorri), Sharkey the seal (Himself), Frederic Nay (Handyman), Ted Adair (The Cat), Lyda Sue (The Frog), Sigrid Dagnie (The Bat), Frederic Nay (The Coachman), Joseph Granville (The Gorilla), Jane Ball (Purity), Singing Girls, Singing Boys, Specialty Girls, and Specialty Boys.", "Chicago is an American musical with music by John Kander, lyrics by Fred Ebb and a book by Ebb and Bob Fosse. Set in Prohibition-era Chicago, the musical is based on a 1926 play of the same name by reporter Maurine Dallas Watkins about actual criminals and crimes she reported on. The story is a satire on corruption in the administration of criminal justice and the concept of the \"celebrity criminal.\"", "\"Doll on a Music Box\" is sung near the end of the musical by Truly and is a musical counterpoint, also being sung simultaneously with Caractacus' rendition of the song \"Truly Scrumptious\". Two songs apparently intended for the film but ultimately relegated only to instrumental background music are \" Come to the Funfair \" and the \" Vulgarian National Anthem \"; they were published with lyrics in the sheet music along with the other film songs when the movie was released. The stage version restores these two as vocal numbers . The Sherman Brothers also were hired to write several new songs for the stage production including \" Think Vulgar! \" which was replaced in 2003 with \" Act English \", \" Kiddy-Widdy-Winkies \", \" Teamwork \" and \" The Bombie Samba \".", "A musical by Andrew Lloyd Webber based on the novel by Mary Hayley Bell (mother of Hayley Mills, who starred in the movie). The setting has been moved from England to rural Louisiana in 1959. Kids discover a man in their barn. He's ill and before he passes out, they ask his name: Jesus Christ, he says, and they believe him and so determine to hide him. In fact, he is a murderer. A mob gathers to find the man. Swallow wants him to be the Christ in the hope he can bring her dead mother back to life.", " Though Fosse had always had a very dark side that expressed itself in his work (see the movie of Cabaret or a good production of Pippin), that dark side was now getting significantly darker because of his operation. During the song ï¿½Razzle Dazzleï¿½ Fosse initially staged couples simulating sex on both sides of the stage while the lawyer Billy Flynn sang about flimflamming the court and the public ï¿½ in other words, we're getting screwed. Eventually, Fosse was convinced by Kander and Ebb that that was too dark and he re-staged the song. Despite some minor out-of-town troubles the show came to New York in good shape, and it opened in 1975. The show garnered eleven Tony nominations but lost all of them to A Chorus Line.", "Jerry Bock and Sheldon Harnick 's musical Fiddler on the Roof opened on September 22, 1964, in New York. Based on Sholom Aleichem 's stories, it tells the tale of Tevye, a Jewish milkman who lives in Russia with his family (including five daughters). The Broadway production originally starred Zero Mostel , who got to sing such songs as \"Tradition,\" \"If I Were a Rich Man,\" and \"To Life.\" Anti-Semitic notions abound as Tevye and his family find themselves being forced from their village. Tevye's daughters break from their village's tradition as they marry for love, not for prosperity. Throughout all of this, a symbolic fiddler lingers over them. Fiddler on the Roof was the most successful musical up to its time, running for over 3,000 performances. It was also the origin of several famous and now-standard songs, such as \"Sunrise, Sunset\" and \"Matchmaker, Matchmaker,\" in addition to those mentioned above. The music is beautiful, and haunting at moments. The original Broadway cast not only boasted a strong performance from Mostel , but also had Beatrice Arthur as Yente, the matchmaker. A Top Ten, multi-platinum-selling hit, this is the quintessential Fiddler on the Roof recording, disappointing only to those who consider Topol the definitive Tevye. Those who do would be advised to seek out either the London cast recording or the film soundtrack, where they can find \"Topol\"'s classic performance.", "Content Guide: This new musical is a dramatization of the classic Victor Hugo novel. While this version draws from the animated Disney film and includes many of the same songs, the plot and themes follow more closely to the original, and significantly darker, novel. Themes include religious hypocrisy, temptation, the maltreatment of people with disabilities and the marginalization of minorities. The show contains mild violence and mature content.", "Finian's Rainbow (1947 - 725 performances) was the first musical to tackle racism with laughter, proving that the integrated musical could work as social satire. It told the story of an Irishman who steals the leprechauns' legendary crock of gold and buries it near Fort Knox, thinking it will grow in such \"rich\" soil. While the Irishman's daughter falls in love with an American, an avenging leprechaun is distracted by human love -- and an innocent wish turns a bigoted Southern congressman into a Negro. David Wayne played Og the leprechaun, becoming the first performer in a musical to receive the Theatre Wing's new Antoinette Perry Award, later known as \"The Tony.\" Composer Burton Lane and lyricist E.Y. \"Yip\" Harburg 's score included \"Look to the Rainbow,\" \"That Old Devil Moon,\" and \"How Are Things in Glocca Morra.\"", "Directed by Tim Burton ; written by John Logan, based on the musical by Stephen Sondheim and Hugh Wheeler from an adaptation by Christopher Bond; director of photography, Dariusz Wolski; edited by Chris Lebenzon; music and lyrics by Mr. Sondheim; production designer, Dante Ferretti ; produced by Richard D. Zanuck, Walter Parkes, Laurie MacDonald and Mr. Logan; released by DreamWorks Pictures and Warner Brothers Pictures. Running time: 1 hour 50 minutes.", "Oklahoma! is a musical . The music was composed by Richard Rodgers . The lyrics were written by Oscar Hammerstein . It world-premiered on Broadway on 31 March 1943. The musical was based on Green Grow the Lilacs, a 1931 play by Lynn Riggs.", "A Broadway musical revue showcasing Waller tunes entitled Ain't Misbehavin' was produced in 1978. (The show and a star of the show, Nell Carter, won Tony Awards for the show.) The show opened at the Longacre Theatre and ran for over 1600 performances. It was revived on Broadway in 1988. Performed by five African American actors, it included such songs as \"Honeysuckle Rose\", \"This Joint Is Jumpin'\", and \"Ain't Misbehavin'\".", "General Commentthe musical is based on the novel by victor hugo, set in france in the early 1800s.", "The Broadway version has a kick ass score and a very well constructed libretto. It was very touching and entertaining on stage. The orchestra was mostly an onstage country-western combo, and they were excellent. It was like being at a honky tonk, while a story unfolded behind them.", "Taken from the movie version.Music was written by Richard Rodgers, the lyrics by Oscar Hammerstein II.", "The music for the song, \"Lovely Luawana Lady\", was written by John Ringling North , who appears briefly as himself during the discussion about whether the show would play the road rather than have a short 10 week season. North was a nephew of the five Ringling Brothers who founded Ringling Bros. and Barnum & Bailey Circus. At the time the movie was filmed, John Ringling North was the owner of The Greatest Show On Earth.", "Music, lyrics and book by Frank Loesser. Presented by the Golden Apple Dinner Theatre. Filmed using one camera on a tripod. Some slight generational loss. Missing the last few minutes of the show. A-", "As previously reported by Playbill.com, this version of the tale is markedly different than a staging of the property that emerged in London in recent years. The stage show is based on the 1967 Academy Award-nominated film of the same name, which has Rex Harrison as the distracted, misanthropic physician who got along better with animals than people. He changed disciplines and became a brilliant veterinarian, with the help of his parrot, Polynesia, who taught him all the animal languages. The song \"(If We Could) Talk to the Animals\" won an Oscar for Best Song.", "I enjoyed the stage musical. It was a great story, it was earthy and had real poignancy. The dances were great, esp. the Aggies who were really beefy and built like football players.", "Conductor John Owen Edwards along with JAY Records recorded the first ever complete recording, with all musical numbers, scene change music and incidental music, of the show's score in the 1990s with Judy Kaye and Barry Bostwick starred. Christopher Lee had the role of Sitting Bull. " ]	[ 6.09375, -1.4931640625, -2.12890625, -2.310546875, -2.390625, -2.689453125, -2.72265625, -3.0859375, -3.095703125, -3.11328125, -3.13671875, -3.3671875, -3.666015625, -3.892578125, -3.9140625, -3.978515625, -4.4140625, -4.41796875, -4.44140625, -4.67578125, -4.6953125, -4.70703125, -4.9140625, -5.38671875, -5.39453125, -5.95703125, -6.14453125, -6.4921875, -6.55859375, -6.64453125, -6.70703125, -6.87109375 ]
What was the name of the orphanage where The Blues Brothers were brought up?	[ "The liner notes to the Blues Brothers' first album, Briefcase Full of Blues, fleshed out the fictional back story of Jake and Elwood, having them growing up in a Roman Catholic orphanage in Rock Island, Illinois and learning the blues from a janitor named Curtis. Their blood brotherhood was sealed by cutting their middle fingers with a string said to come from the guitar of Elmore James. ", "In 1980, The Blues Brothers, directed by John Landis, was released. Featuring car chases involving the Bluesmobile and musical performances by Aretha Franklin, James Brown, Cab Calloway, Ray Charles and John Lee Hooker, the story is set in and around Chicago. It is a tale of redemption for the paroled convict \"Joliet\" Jake Blues and his brother Elwood as they decide to take on a \"mission from God\" and reform their blues band in order to raise funds to save the Catholic orphanage where they grew up. Along the way, the brothers are targeted by a \"mystery woman\" (Carrie Fisher) and chased by the Illinois State Police, a country and western band called the Good Ol' Boys, the owner of Bob's Country Bunker, and \"Illinois Nazis\". The film grossed $57 million domestically in its theatrical release, making it the 10th highest-grossing movie of 1980, and grossed an additional $58 million in foreign release. It is the second-highest grossing film based on a Saturday Night Live sketch, after 1992's Wayne's World, and the twelfth-highest grossing musical film.", "The story is a tale of redemption for paroled convict Jake and his brother Elwood, who take on \"a mission from God\" to save the Roman Catholic orphanage in which they grew up from foreclosure. To do so they must re-form their rhythm and blues band, The Blues Brothers, and organize a performance to earn $5,000 to pay the tax assessor. Along the way they are targeted by a destructive \"mystery woman\", Neo-Nazis, and a country and western band — all while being relentlessly pursued by the police.", "Towards the end of the movie The Blues Brothers reach their final destination, the Cook County Offices at Daley Plaza where they will pay the fee to keep the orphanage open. This plaza which they drive so haphazardly across is in real life the Richard J. Daley Plaza at 50 W. Washington Street. Nothing much has changed at all here in over 30 years! The Picasso art installation is still there along with the trees. There are perhaps a fewer pigeons about, but that’s about it!", "Jake and Elwood facing police officers, the National Guard, and firefighters. The Blues Brothers blackmail Maury Sline, their friend and booking agent, into securing a big gig for them – a performance at the Palace Hotel Ballroom, located 100 miles north of Chicago. After being driven all over the area promoting the concert, the Bluesmobile runs out of gas, making Jake and Elwood very late. The ballroom is packed, and the concert-goers are joined by the Good Ol' Boys, Daniel and Mount, and scores of other police officers. To settle the crowd, Curtis appears and performs a magical version of \"Minnie the Moocher\" with the band. Jake and Elwood finally sneak into the venue and perform two songs. A record company executive in attendance offers a large cash advance on a recording contract, more than enough to cover the orphanage's property taxes and the cost of the band's instruments, and tells Jake and Elwood how to slip out unnoticed.", "Photos above taken in 1966 at Hesslewood Orphanage, Ferriby Rd, Hessle, East Yorkshire where Mr. Pastry was a frequent visitor", "The Jenkins Orphanage was established in 1891 by the Rev. Daniel J. Jenkins in Charleston. The orphanage accepted donations of musical instruments and Rev. Jenkins hired local Charleston musicians and Avery Institute Graduates to tutor the boys in music. As a result, Charleston musicians became proficient on a variety of instruments and were able to read music expertly. These traits set Jenkins musicians apart and helped land some of them positions in big bands with Duke Ellington and Count Basie. William \"Cat\" Anderson, Jabbo Smith, and Freddie Green are but a few of the alumni from the Jenkins Orphanage band who became professional musicians in some of the best bands of the day. Orphanages around the country began to develop brass bands in the wake of the Jenkins Orphanage Band's success. At the Colored Waif's Home Brass Band in New Orleans, for example, a young trumpeter named Louis Armstrong first began to draw attention. ", "The blues were in Chicago long before the car chase and the mission from God, but The Blues Brothers sealed Chicago as the home of the blues in the popular consciousness. Fortunately, the city has the chops to back that up. Maxwell Street [23] ( Near West Side ) was the heart and soul of Chicago blues, but the wrecking ball, driven by the University of Illinois at Chicago, has taken a brutal toll. Residents have been fighting to save what remains. For blues history, it doesn't get much better than Willie Dixon's Blues Heaven Foundation ( Near South ), and Bronzeville , the former \"Black Metropolis,\" is a key stop as well. Performance venues run the gamut from tiny, cheap blues bars all over the city to big, expensive places like Buddy Guy's Legends ( Loop ) and the original House of Blues ( Near North ).", "The Beatles Childhood Homes (Woolton and Allerton, England): childhood homes of John Lennon and Paul McCartney. Tour is offered by the National Trust.", "The leader of the group has connections with the South as well, South Africa—Manfred Manne comes from Johannesburg. When he was playing in a holiday camp over here he met Mike Hugg and they formed the Mike-Hugg Blues Brothers from which the quintet has grown.", " FORMED: 1937, Talladega, AL Evolving out of the Happyland Jubilee ingers, this traditional Black gospel quartet was ormed in 1937 at the Talladega Institute for the Deaf and Blind in Alabama. By the '40s they became \"The Blind Boys\" and recorded for Specialty, Vee Jay, Savoy, Elektra, and other labels. Their first hit was \"I Can See Everybody's Mother but Mine\" in 1949. Current lineup: Joe Watson, Jimmy Carter, Sam & Bobby Butler, Curtis Foster, Johnny Fields, and Clarence Fountain. They appeared on Broadway in Gospel at Colonus. ~ Bil Carpenter, All-Music Guide ", "It was around this time that Robert met blues legend Son House in Robinsonville. Son House recalled Robert as a competent harmonica player but a dreadful guitarist, he even stated instances where patrons were driven from bars and clubs from Robert’s terrible playing.", "The Stansfield family were known to have lived at this property for the longest period of time. It was here, close to a theatrical boarding house, that Gracie was ‘discovered’ singing and taken to join Charburn’s Young Stars.", "Not long after this, Robert left Robinsonville and settled in Martinsville, close to his birthplace of Hazlehurst. The time he spent here is unspecified, some accounts say two years, while Son House was quoted as saying it was only 8 months. During his stay, Robert perfected the blues guitar playing style of the Mississippi Delta and received guitar lessons from another Delta Blues master, Isiah Zinnerman, known by the nickname “Ike”.", "F40F1EF73F5F137B93C1A81788D85F438785F9 \"Isley Brothers: A Family Affair\"], The New York Times, March 13, 1977. Accessed September 18, 2011. \"WHEN Sallye Isley moved her brood of children from Cincinnati to Englewood in the summer of 1959, she was participating in a show-business phenomenon.... While their older brothers toured America, the younger Isley boys enrolled successively in Englewood Junior High and Dwight Morrow High School.... Right now, the brothers reside near enough to each other to keep in close touch. Ronald lives in Teaneck, Kelly Jr. in Alpine, Rudolph in Haworth and Ernie in Englewood.\"", "Blues Alley Clarksdale, Mississippi Blues Alley is the name for Clarksdale’s Historic Blues District. It is here that you’ll find Clarksdale Station, the newly renovated passenger depot of the old Illinois Central Railroad and, just about a hundred yards away, the Delta Blues Museum. The station is extremely significant to the history of the blues. After all, this is where many famous blues musicians such as Muddy Waters boarded the train to Chicago, seeking jobs and a potential career in music. The Delta Blues Museum houses a collection of memorabilia from B.B. King, Sonny Boy Williamson, Bessie Smith, and Muddy Waters, along with many other exhibits. The Delta Blues Museum is located at 1 Blues Alley (662-627-6820).", "2007: The Big House Foundation, an organization dedicated to establishing an Allman Brothers Band museum at the Macon, GA, residence (called the “Big House”) where the group rehearsed during its formative years, announce they have purchased the building and unveil design plans.", "The home Joplin rented In St. Louis 1900-1903 was recognized as a National Historic Landmark in 1976 and was saved from destruction by the local African American community. In 1983, the Missouri Department of Natural Resources made it the first state historic site in Missouri dedicated to the African American heritage. At first it focused entirely on Joplin and ragtime music, ignoring the urban milieu which shaped his musical compositions. A newer heritage project has expanded coverage to include the more complex social history of black urban migration and the transformation of a multi-ethnic neighborhood to the contemporary community. Part of this diverse narrative now includes coverage of uncomfortable topics of racial oppression, poverty, sanitation, prostitution, and sexually transmitted diseases. ", "In true bluesman fashion, Musselwhite then took off in search of the rumored \"big-paying factory jobs\" up the \"Hillbilly Highway\", Highway 51 to Chicago, where he continued his education on the South Side, making the acquaintance of even more legends, including Lew Soloff, Muddy Waters, Junior Wells, Sonny Boy Williamson, Buddy Guy, Howlin' Wolf, Little Walter, and Big Walter Horton. Musselwhite immersed himself completely in the musical life, living in the basement of and occasionally working at Jazz Record Mart (the record store operated by Delmark Records founder Bob Koester) with Big Joe Williams and working as a driver for an exterminator, which allowed him to observe what was happening around the city's clubs and bars. He spent his time hanging out at the Jazz Record Mart, at the corner of State and Grand, and a nearby bar, Mr. Joe's, with the city's blues musicians, and sitting in with Williams and others in the clubs, playing for tips. There he forged a lifelong friendship with John Lee Hooker; though Hooker lived in Detroit, Michigan, the two often visited each other, and Hooker served as best man at Musselwhite's third marriage. Gradually Musselwhite became well known around town.", "The family moved to Chicago in 1933. Cooke attended Doolittle Elementary and Wendell Phillips Academy High School in Chicago, the same school that Nat \"King\" Cole had attended a few years earlier. Sam Cooke began his career with his siblings in a group called the Singing Children when he was six years old. He first became known as lead singer with the Highway QC's when he was a teenager, having joined the group at the age of 14. During this time, Cooke befriended fellow gospel singer and neighbor Lou Rawls, who sang in a rival gospel group.", "The five Jackson brothers' interest in music began in Gary, Indiana, bolstered by their father, Joe Jackson. In 1964, Joe caught Tito playing with his guitar after a string broke. Upon fixing the string, threatening punishment, Tito's father had him play and was impressed enough to buy the boy his own guitar. Tito, Jermaine and Jackie showed an interest in singing and formed their own group with their father, naming them \"The Jackson Brothers,\" with six-year-old Michael playing congas and childhood buddies Reynaud Jones and Milford Hite playing keyboards and drums, respectively. Marlon, then seven years old, eventually joined, playing the tambourine. In August 1965, before a show at Gary's Tiny Tots Jamboree held on Michael's seventh birthday, Evelyn LaHaie suggested the group rename themselves \"The Jackson Five Singing Group\", later shortened simply to \"The Jackson Five\".", "The five Jackson brothers' interest in music began in Gary, Indiana, bolstered by their father, Joe Jackson. In 1964, Joe caught Tito playing with his guitar after a string broke. Upon fixing the string, threatening punishment, Tito's father had him play and was impressed enough to buy Tito his own guitar. Tito, Jermaine and Jackie showed an interest in singing and formed their own group with their father, naming them \"The Jackson Brothers,\" with six-year-old Michael playing congas and childhood buddies Reynaud Jones and Milford Hite playing keyboards and drums, respectively. Marlon, then seven years old, eventually joined, playing the tambourine. In August 1965, before a show at Gary's Tiny Tots Jamboree held on Michael's seventh birthday, Evelyn LaHaie suggested the group rename themselves \"The Jackson Five Singing Group\", later shortened simply to \"The Jackson Five\".", "It is sometimes said that legendary blues guitarist Robert Johnson sold his soul to the devil in exchange for his mastery of the instrument. The location where the meeting supposedly took place, the crossroads of US 49 and US 61 in Clarksdale, MS, is a Mecca of sorts to blues aficionados. The tale is something of a subtrope in its own right , and is referenced in several of these examples. Same rumors exist about other musicians, like Mozart or Paganini.", "Judson Baptist Church, which neighbors Wynette's house, purchased the house and land, which belonged to Hank Williams before he died, for a little over a million dollars. The Wynette house is used as a Youth Center as well as a guest house.", "Building constructed c. 1917 by Sam Zerilla, who built the first movie house for blacks. It now houses a blues museum.", "After his graduation from Frederick Douglass High School Calloway joined his older sister, Blanche , in a touring production of the popular black musical revue, Plantation Days. (Blanche Calloway became an accomplished bandleader before her brother did, and he would often credit her as his inspiration for entering show business.) When the tour ended in Chicago in the fall, Calloway decided to remain there with his sister, who was an established jazz singer in that city.", "Ferriday, Louisiana, 1944: two little white boys scamper across the tracks to the black part of town and press their noses up against the window of a club wherein a riotous assembly is getting down to some delightfully raucous barrelhouse blues. Come on, lets get out of here, pipes young Jimmy Swaggart, the future preacher. I think its the Devils music! Yeah! agrees his cousin and doesnt budge an inch. Flash forward 12 years: a pair of hands vamps the piano with nonchalant violence, concluding with a chorus of the gospel evergreen How Great Thou Art. Except the way Jerry Lee Lewis (for it is he) sings it, its How Great I Am. . .", "In 1965, Jackie, Tito, and Jermaine began performing around the Gary area with two neighborhood children, Milford Hite (on drums) and Reynaud Jones (on keyboards), in a group called The Jackson Brothers. Joe Jackson served as the manager, at first only part-time, and then eventually quitting his job at the steel mill. Jermaine sang lead and played bass, and Tito played guitar.", "In 1919 Kid Ory's Original Creole Jazz Band of musicians from New Orleans began playing in San Francisco and Los Angeles, where in 1922 they became the first black jazz band of New Orleans origin to make recordings. That year also saw the first recording by Bessie Smith, the most famous of the 1920s blues singers. Chicago meanwhile was the main center developing the new \"Hot Jazz\", where King Oliver joined Bill Johnson. Bix Beiderbecke formed The Wolverines in 1924.", "A fairly well-to-do family takes in 2 troubled orphans since no one else will take them.", "In 1963, however, Joseph noticed his childrens' musical talents after he caught his son Tito playing his guitar. That year Jackie, Tito and Jermaine formed The Jackson Brothers with Joseph serving as the group's manager. He began entering the trio in local talent competitons and by 1965, he had younger brothers Marlon and Michael also involved in the band. The group renamed themselves The Jackson 5 in 1966, and began gaining accolades in the R&B circuit.", "In his youth, the family moved to Baltimore, and he was a boy soprano in the church choir, later singing in the Baltimore Melody Boys, a quartet. The family moved to Chicago, and he had a band while attending Douglass H.S., from which he graduated in 1927. He enrolled as a pre-law student at Crane Coll. in Chicago but began to appear in the all-black revue Plantation Days at the Loop Theatre with his older sister Blanche, herself a singer and bandleader." ]	[ 3.625, 2.2265625, 1.64453125, -0.63525390625, -2.51171875, -3.2578125, -3.505859375, -4.33203125, -4.96484375, -5.4375, -7.2578125, -7.52734375, -8.0390625, -8.046875, -8.265625, -8.5703125, -8.9296875, -9.3359375, -9.5390625, -9.640625, -9.71875, -9.828125, -9.8671875, -9.890625, -10.015625, -10.046875, -10.125, -10.1328125, -10.234375, -10.375, -10.4375, -10.5234375 ]
On which film was Three Men and a Baby based?	[ "Three Men and a Baby is a 1987 American comedy film directed by Leonard Nimoy, and stars Tom Selleck, Steve Guttenberg, Ted Danson and Nancy Travis. It follows the mishaps and adventures of three bachelors as they attempt to adapt their lives to pseudo-fatherhood with the arrival of the love child of one of them. The script was based on the 1985 French film Trois hommes et un couffin (Three Men and a Cradle).", "Three Men and a Baby is a 1987 comedy film starring Tom Selleck , Steve Guttenberg , Ted Danson , and Nancy Travis, and directed by the late Leonard Nimoy (of Star Trek fame). It follows the mishaps and adventures of three bachelors as they attempt to adapt their lives to pseudo-fatherhood with the arrival of one of the men's love child. The script was based on the 1985 French film Trois hommes et un couffin (Three Men and a Cradle). It was distributed by Touchstone Pictures .", "''Three Men and a Baby'' is rated PG (''Parental Guidance Suggested''). It contains brief bedroom scenes and some rude language. Bachelor Fathers THREE MEN AND A BABY, directed by Leonard Nimoy; screenplay James Orr and Jim Cruickshank, based on ''Trois Hommes et un Couffin'' by Coline Serreau; director of photography, Adam Greenberg; edited by Michael A. Stevenson; music by Marvin Hamlisch; production designer, Peter Larkin; produced by Ted Field and Robert W. Cort; released by Buena Vista Pictures Inc. At Embassy One, Broadway at 46th Street; Manhattan Twin, Third Avenue at 59th Street; Olympia Quad, Broadway at 107th Street; Embassy 72d Street, at Broadway and other theaters. Running time: 99 minutes. This film is rated PG. Peter...Tom Selleck Michael...Steve Guttenberg Jack...Ted Danson Sylvia...Nancy Travis Rebecca...Margaret Colin Patty...Alexandra Amini Woman at Gift Shop...Francine Beers Mary...Lisa Blair/Michelle Blair Detective Melkowitz...Philip Bosco Dramatic Actress...Barbara Budd", "The gender-role comedy Mr. Mom (1983) starred Michael Keaton and Teri Garr as a couple who reversed their domestic roles - he wore a gas mask to change diapers and she got a job and saved the Tuna account. More challenges of parenthood were presented in two hilarious, but light-weight comedies: director Amy Heckerling's Look Who's Talking (1989) with unmarried single mother Kirstie Alley choosing taxi-driver John Travolta as the perfect father/baby-sitter for her baby (Bruce Willis provided the humorous \"off-screen\" voice and impressions of the child Mikey all the way from conception to age one); and director Ron Howard's heart-warming, thoughtful Parenthood (1989) with Steve Martin and Mary Steenburgen as model, middle-class parents in the middle of a four-generational family. Leonard Nimoy of Star Trek fame directed the romantic comedy Three Men and a Baby (1987), with 'foster parents' trio Tom Selleck, Steve Guttenberg, and Ted Danson (an architect, a cartoonist, and an actor) as middle-aged, eligible bachelor-roommates with a infant girl on their hands - it was a re-make of the French hit Three Men and a Cradle (1985).", "IT'S even clearer in the big, splashy, good-humored American version of ''Three Men and a Baby'' that it was in the French original (entitled ''Three Men and a Cradle'') that this story is about four babies, not just one. Aside from the infant girl left on their doorstep, the three fun-loving bachelors who grudgingly adopt her are children too. When the story begins, they have not a care in the world, just a life filled with revelry and a penthouse apartment that is a monument to their frolicsome ways. The American film makes this especially evident by filling the place with things like a jukebox and a pool table, the grown-up equivalent of toys.", "After those efforts, Nimoy branched out and directed the comedy \"3 Men and a Baby,\" the top money-making movie of 1987.", "Three Men and a Baby (1987). Margaret Colin has a small part as Tom Selleck's lawyer girlfriend.", "The film was followed by a 1990 sequel, Three Men and a Little Lady . A new sequel, Three Men and a Bride, supposedly in development, would reunite Selleck, Guttenberg, and Danson.", "Herbert Lom, left, as police chief Charles Dreyfus and Peter Sellers as Inspector Clouseau in the 1976 film The Pink Panther Strikes Again. Keystone/Getty Images hide caption", "This exciting, flag-waving, documentary-style adventure film was adapted from war correspondent Richard Tregaskis' 1943 non-fiction book. It starred Anthony Quinn (as Latino Jesus 'Soose' Alvarez), William Bendix (as pugnacious New Yorker soldier Corporal \"Taxi\" Potts), Richard Jaeckel (as young \"Chicken\"), Lloyd Nolan (as gunnery Sergeant Hook Malone) and Preston Foster (as Father Donnelly).", "This installment in the Indiana Jones series has more humor than the previous two films. The humor is mainly shown through the relationship between Indiana and his father. Also Marcus Brody is a less serious character than his previous appearance in Raiders of the Lost Ark , being described as a museum curator who \"once got lost in his own museum\". The light-heartedness of the movie especially contrasts to its predecessor Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom , which is usually cited as the \"darkest\" in the trilogy. Despite being regarded as some to be derivative of the original film, it is often regarded as the second best of the trilogy.", "The story involves three sets of fathers and sons--two biological, the third emotional--and shows how the lives they lead make ordinary love between them impossible. Tom Hanks plays Michael Sullivan, an enforcer for the Rock Island branch of the Chicago mob, circa 1931. Tyler Hoechlin plays his son Michael Jr., a solemn-eyed 12-year-old. After his brother Peter asks \"What does dad do for a job?\" Michael Jr. decides to find out for himself. One night he hides in a car, goes along for the ride, and sees a man killed. Not by his father, but what difference does it make? Sullivan works for John Rooney ( Paul Newman ), the mob boss, who is trim and focused and uses few words. John's son Connor ( Daniel Craig ) is a member of the mob. Sullivan finds out that Connor has been stealing from his father, and that sets up the movie's emotional showdown, because Sullivan thinks of John like his own father, and John speaks of Sullivan as a son. \"Your mother knows I love Mr. Rooney,\" Michael Sr. tells his son. \"When we had nothing, he gave us a home.\" Men who name their sons after themselves presumably hope the child will turn out a little like them. This is not the case with Michael Sr., who has made a pact with evil in order to support his wife ( Jennifer Jason Leigh ) and two boys in comfort.", "›››› The Third Man (1949) Or- ›› My Reputation (1946) Barbara Stanwyck, George Brent. A widow’s ››› Baby Face (1933, Drama) Barbara Stanwyck, George Brent. A son Welles, Joseph Cotten. Å children disapprove of her new romantic interest. Å tough woman uses her beauty to climb up the social ladder. Å", "13. Only three films have won all of the \"Big Five\" Academy Award categories: \" It Happened One Night \" (1934), \" One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest \" (1975), and \" The Silence of the Lambs \" (1991). The \"Big Five\" categories are: Best Picture, Best Director, Best Actor, Best Actress, and Best Screenplay (either adapted or original).", "14. Only three films have won all of the \"Big Five\" Academy Award categories: \"It Happened One Night\" (1934), \"One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest\" (1975), and \"The Silence of the Lambs\" (1991). The \"Big Five\" categories are: Best Picture, Best Director, Best Actor, Best Actress, and Best Screenplay (either adapted or original).", "Plot Intro: Three men are forced to take care of an infant girl who is abandoned at their apartment by the mother who is a former girlfriend of one of the men.", "James Cagney is one of the most iconic tough guys from the golden age of cinema. Two of his most beloved performances were Irish gangsters Rocky Sullivan in \"Angels with Dirty Faces\" (1938) and Tom Powers in \"The Public Enemy.\" His seventh film, \"Enemy\" became arguably the most influential gangster picture of its time. Powers is a Prohibition bootlegger working his way up the ranks of organized crime as his shell-shocked veteran brother Mike (Donald Cook) tries to stop him.", "The film is set in an alternate history of the Second World War in which the entire top leadership of Nazi Germany - Hitler, Göring, Goebbels and Bormann - attend a film premiere in Paris in order to celebrate the exploits of a German hero sniper, (who is a fictional counter-point to the real American hero, Audie Murphy) who had managed to kill 300 enemy soldiers in Italy over four days, single handedly forcing them to retreat. Most of the film's timeframe is set in early June 1944, after the D-Day landings but before the liberation of Paris.", "Sam Kinison, who filmed an extended cameo as a “cannibal mountain man,” was also cut out of the movie. By all accounts, Kinison’s performance in the film was very funny, but his part was one that was easily clipped out for time without impacting the rest of the story. John Landis has said that the footage of Kinison’s Three Amigos performance is lost. Although the recent 25th anniversary cut restores 20 minutes of deleted scenes, Sam Kinison’s scenes are not amongst them. A well-received supporting role in a hit like Three Amigos would have helped to bolster Sam Kinison’s movie career. He was already starting to sneak his way into Hollywood films with a small part in Rodney Dangerfield’s Back to School that same year, but Back to School was his only movie and Kinison’s film career never took off before his untimely death.", "The film also placed 57th on the American Film Institute's list of top American films in 1998, though the film's only American connections were its executive co-producer David O. Selznick and its actors Orson Welles and Joseph Cotten. The other two executive co-producers, Sir Alexander Korda and Carol Reed, were Hungarian and British, respectively. In June 2008, the American Film Institute (AFI) revealed its 10 Top 10—the best ten films in ten \"classic\" American film genres—after polling over 1,500 people from the creative community. The Third Man was acknowledged as the fifth best film in the mystery genre. The film also made the following AFI lists:", "The movie maker won three Academy Awards, including an honorary one in 1984 for career achievement, and was given a special tribute at this year's Oscar ceremony. The other two were for shorts, \"The Music Box,\" a 1931 Laurel and Hardy comedy about lugging a piano up a staircase, and \"Bored of Education,\" 15 minutes of 1936 mischief and mayhem by the \"Our Gang\" chums.", "He also starred in films such as Swiss Family Robinson, Battle of the Bulge, Kidnapped, The Bedford Incident, and Hang 'Em High.", "Directed by Phil Karlson. Cast: Guy Madison, Kim Novak, Brian Keith, William Conrad, Kerwin Mathews. Four Korean war vets dream up a college prank to rob a casino, convincing the girlfriend of one of them to help. Problems arise when one of the vets, who suffers from a war injury, turns the prank serious. Based on a novel by Jack Finney. 83 min. DVD X2400", "The Third Man won the 1949 Grand Prix at the Cannes Film Festival, the British Academy Award for Best Film, and an Academy Award for Best Black and White Cinematography in 1950. It was also nominated for the Academy Award for Best Film Editing and the Academy Award for Best Director.", "A classic about lost illusions, The Third Man gave the cold, heartless Cold War a memorable name and an unforgettable face — the face and the name of Harry Lime who would sell his own mother, his own country, and his own soul. A movie about a time and a place as well as a movie about a man rotten to the core, it didn’t translate well to students in the ‘90s when the Cold War seemed to be a relic of history and when divided cities such as Vienna were footnotes in textbooks.", "Chevy Chase, Steve Martin and Martin Short starred in \"Three Amigos\" (1986), in which a trio of silent-era movie actors is mistaken for big-screen heroes by Mexican villagers desperate for protection from bandits.", " The quintuplets became international celebrities during their early years making three feature films for Twentieth-Century Fox, providing profitable endorsements for products from cod-liver oil to typewriters and automobiles, and attracting hordes of tourists to northern Ontario. In 1935 Ontario made them wards of the government, but their father regained control in 1941.", "The relationship between Ambrose and Alan is all important in this story; these are boys playing with their toys, and for most of the film their major pleasure seem to be laughing at each other’s misfortune, or despairing of their own. All of the other characters, even the minor ones. fit in beautifully. Even the motorcycle cops are seen to have a pleasing disregard for the letter of the law, preferring to bend the rules for the sake of a trouble-free day at work.", "The slapstick comedy trio worked at the fictitious Panther Pilsner Beer company in their famous Three Little Beers short movie. Interestingly, this beer inspired a real-life imitation for some time. Packaged in retro-styling, the beer was sold as The Three Stooges Beer , from the Panther Brewing Company. It doesn’t seem like the brewery is still in operation, unfortunately.", "Peter, Michael and Jack know a thing or two about women. But when it comes to babies, they're all wet. See more »", "Robert Altman film about three soldiers waiting to go to Vietnam. The film deals with themes of homosexuality, violence and racism but also illustrates the alcoholism that is pervasive in military life.", "\"Peter, Michael and Jack know a thing or two about women. But when it comes to babies, they're all wet.\"" ]	[ 7.96875, 7.140625, 4.51171875, 1.828125, 1.3486328125, 1.291015625, 0.74755859375, -2.646484375, -4.58984375, -4.91015625, -5.08203125, -5.2109375, -5.33203125, -5.34375, -5.4765625, -5.54296875, -5.58203125, -5.87890625, -6.30859375, -6.57421875, -6.73828125, -6.7890625, -6.81640625, -6.859375, -6.89453125, -7.05859375, -7.95703125, -8.1171875, -8.3671875, -8.484375, -8.6328125, -9.5546875 ]
What was Xanadu in the title of the film?	[ "Xanadu is a 1980 American romantic musical fantasy film written by Richard Christian Danus and Marc Reid Rubel and directed by Robert Greenwald. The title is a reference to the nightclub in the film, which takes its name from Xanadu, the summer capital of Kublai Khan's Yuan Dynasty in China. This city appears in Kubla Khan by Samuel Taylor Coleridge, a poem that is quoted in the film. The film's plot was inspired by 1947's Down to Earth.", "Thanks to the poem by Coleridge, Xanadu became a metaphor for splendor and opulence. It was the name of Charles Foster Kane's estate in the film Citizen Kane, and also that of Mandrake the Magician in the long-running comic strip. The title of the 1980 film Xanadu is a reference to Coleridge's poem. This film starred Gene Kelly and Olivia Newton-John and was widely considered a big-budget flop, but its soundtrack spawned several hit singles for Newton-John, such as the number one hit \"Magic\", a duet with Cliff Richard called \"Suddenly\", and, with Electric Light Orchestra accompaniment, the title song \"Xanadu\". ELO had soundtrack hits of their own with \"I'm Alive\" and \"All Over the World\".", "\"Xanadu\" is the title song from the soundtrack album Xanadu, and is the title song from the 1980 film of the same name. A rare collaboration for ELO, the song is performed by the Electric Light Orchestra (ELO) and Olivia Newton-John. Newton-John sings the primary vocals, with ELO (Jeff Lynne) adding \"parenthetic\" vocals in the style of their other songs on the Xanadu soundtrack, along with providing the instrumentation. The single reached number 1 in several countries, and was the band's only UK number 1 single, when it peaked there for two weeks in July 1980. The song peaked at number 8 on the Billboard Hot 100 in the US. This was the first song beginning with the letter 'X' to ever chart on the Billboard Hot 100 and it remained the only one until 2000's \"X\" by Xzibit.[citation needed]", "In 1980 , she took the lead with Gene Kelly and Michael Beck in the musical feature film, Xanadu . While at the time, the movie was considered a critical and commercial failure, over the years, it has gained a considerable cult following . The Xanadu soundtrack had several commercially successful singles like \" Magic \", \" Suddenly \" and the title-song \" Xanadu \". Its production was a collaborative effort with Electric Light Orchestra and notable performance between Gene Kelly and The Tubes mixing swing and new wave punk. In 1981, Newton-John received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame in recognition of her outstanding career.", "In 1979, Lynne rejected an offer for ELO to headline the Knebworth Concert in the UK, allowing Led Zeppelin to headline instead. In the absence of any touring to support Discovery, Lynne had time to contribute five tracks to the soundtrack for the 1980 film musical Xanadu. The score yielded three Top 40 singles: \"I'm Alive\" (UK No. 20), \"All Over The World\" (UK No. 11), and the title track \"Xanadu\", which reached number one in the UK. Nevertheless, Lynne was not closely involved with the development of the film, and his material consequently had only superficial attachment to the plot. Xanadu performed weakly at the box office (although it later has experienced popularity as a cult favourite). Lynne subsequently disavowed his limited contribution to the project, although he later re-recorded the title song (with his lead vocal) for the 2000 box set Flashback. In 2007, the film was loosely adapted into a successful Broadway musical, incorporating almost all of the songs from the original film, and also using two other ELO hits: \"Strange Magic\" and \"Evil Woman\".", "On the slightly wacky side of life, Xanadu is also the name of a 1980 film starring Olivia Newton John (who also played Sandy in the movie version of Grease) and Gene Kelly, in which a Greek muse helps an artist create a disco roller rink. The film also included a song by the same name, “ Xanadu .”", "Xanadu, also known as Zanadu or Shengdu, is a mythical place that is rooted in an actual area of Inner Mongolia. Xanadu became popular as the legendary place mentioned in Samuel Taylor Coleridge's poem as the place where Kublai Khan built a giant dome to indulge his every fantasy. The place was believed to be mythical until the ruins were discovered 270 km (168 miles) north of Beijing and near Dolonnuur city, at the end of the 20th Century. Xanadu is now believed to have been the capital of Kublai Khan's Empire, which was founded sometime in the 13th century.", "The “Xanadu” disc is based on the story of rivalry between two men over a girl set in the Mexican desert, it ends in a duel and tragedy. The basic plot is being expanded into a full-scale screenplay. Established actors and actresses will be engaged to play the principal roles.", "In 1980, Olivia Newton-John, Michael Beck and Gene Kelly starred in the box office bomb, Xanadu. Again, we loved the movie but it was a huge fail. Famously received the one sentence review: “In a word, Xana-don’t”. I think the main problem is that MTV ruined that movie. What I mean by that is, it’s totally designed to be a musical, but MTV was so popular at the time that they put all the musical numbers into the music, with none of the characters actually singing the songs. It’s just in the background and designed as like music video numbers scattered throughout the film. They dance plenty, but they never really sing. When I ask people about the movie, it’s funny that people don’t realize that no one in the film ever really sings any of the songs until the end of the movie when Olivia is on stage at the roller rink. The Broadway stage version opened at the Helen Hayes Theater on July 10, 2007, and ran for 512 performances. It was nominated for the 2008 Tony Awards for Best Musical and Book.", "This line gets a lot of work done quickly. It introduces us to the title character (Kubla Khan), and begins to describe the amazing setting of the poem (Xanadu).", "Ike Wellhausen (left) as Sonny and Grace Ruddell as Kira fall in love while planning to open the first roller disco in the musical comedy “XANADU.” (Photo by Zach Rosing)", "An explanatory title card with the words of Coleridge's poem is imposed over views of Xanadu (actually a series of shots of San Simeon). Kane and his Xanadu is compared to the legendary Kubla Khan:", "A box office flop, Xanadu earned mixed to negative critical reviews and was an inspiration for the creation of the Golden Raspberry Awards to memorialize the worst films of the year. Despite the lacklustre performance of the film, the soundtrack album became a huge commercial success around the world, and was certified double platinum in the United States. The song \"Magic\" was a U.S. number one hit for Newton-John, and the title track (by Newton-John and ELO) reached number one in the UK and several other countries around the world. ", "Xanadu represented a marriage of Chinese civilization and nomadic culture. Built at the height of Mongolia's golden age, it saw the reign of eleven emperors in 108 years. A Ming army destroyed the city in 1369.", "\"In Xanadu did Kubla Khan / A stately pleasure dome decree\". Painting by Dmitri Smirnov. Licensed under Creative Commons, courtesy Wikimedia Commons .", "«Xanadu» es una canción del grupo británico Electric Light Orchestra y de la cantante Olivia Newton-John, publicada en el álbum de estudio Xanadu (1980). La canción, compuesta por Jeff Lynne, fue también publicada como el segundo sencillo de la banda sonora, tras «I'm Alive», en mayo de 1980. La canción fue interpretada por la Electric Light Orchestra con Newton-John como vocalista principal y Jeff Lynne aportando los coros. La canción supuso el primer y único sencillo del grupo en alcanzar el primer puesto en la lista de sencillos del Reino Unido, donde se mantuvo durante dos semanas en julio de 1980. El sencillo también alcanzó el puesto ocho en la lista Billboard Hot 100 en los Estados Unidos. En 2000, Lynne regrabó la canción con su propia voz para la caja recopilatoria Flashback. Aunque el recopilatorio fue acreditadoo a la Electric Light Orchestra, la canción fue regrabada completamente por Lynne, sin la colaboración de sus antiguos compañeros.", "* \"Dancin'\" (ONJ duet with The Tubes) – Danny and Sonny, in the auditorium, imagine differing visions of their ideal club. Sonny's hard-rocking glam band and Danny's Big Band female trio lip-synching to ONJ's self-harmony musically and physically merge into a unified whole, leading to agreement on \"Xanadu\" as the name of the club", "«Xanadu» es una canción del grupo británico Electric Light Orchestra y de la cantante Olivia Newton-John, publicada en el álbum de estudio Xanadu (1980). La canción, compuesta por Jeff Lynne, fue también publicada como el segundo sencillo de la banda sonora, tras «I'm Alive», en mayo de 1980.En 2000, Lynne regrabó la canción con su propia voz para la caja recopilatoria Flashback. Aunque el recopilatorio fue acreditadoo a la Electric Light Orchestra, la canción fue regrabada completamente por Lynne, sin la colaboración de sus antiguos compañeros.", "They blew $20 million cool ones on the budget for this in 1980! Consider that Star Wars, released just three years previously, had a budget of $11 million. And there's no way Xanadu would have outsold The Force, even with dialogue by Shakespeare.", "Actually, William (in Syracuse), there is an attempt to set Kubla Khan to music. It is Rush's \"Xanadu.\"Alex - Dunkirk, Ny", "Romantic Xanadu, as portrayed in Samuel Coleridge Taylor's poem Kubla Khan, rather than the real historic city of Shang-du. Eric Meola / Getty Images", "Spiteri released her second solo studio album The Movie Songbook which consists of movie covers chosen by Spiteri herself was released on 1 March 2010. The album's lead single \"Xanadu\" was released in February 2010, and charted at No. 71 on the UK Singles Chart in March 2010. As for the album, it charted at No. 13 on the UK Album Charts on 7 March 2010, thus becoming Spiteri's second UK Top 40 album as a soloist, and her seventh UK Top 40 album both as a soloist and a member of Texas. To promote the album, she performed in front of 55,000 fans supporting Paul McCartney on his Up and Coming Tour at Hampden Park in Glasgow.", "The song appeared on the first episode of the fourth season of the American adult animated sitcom American Dad! \"The Vacation Goo\" wherein the alien character Roger performed \"Xanadu on a cruise ship as he is impersonating Olivia Newton-John.", "The soundtrack of \" Xanadu \" is published in July and made a 2 place in UK and a 4 place in the US, although the film is a big flop.", "Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull (2008) is set in 1957: nineteen years after The Last Crusade, thus acknowledging the real-life passing of years between films. Indiana is having a quiet life teaching before being thrust into a new adventure. He races against agents of the Soviet Union , led by Irina Spalko ( Cate Blanchett ) for a crystal skull . His journey takes him across Nevada , Connecticut , Peru , and the Amazon rainforest in Brazil . Indiana is faced with betrayal by one of his best friends, Mac ( Ray Winstone ), is introduced to a greaser named Mutt Williams ( Shia LaBeouf ), who turns out to be his son (his real name revealed to be Henry Jones III), and is reunited with Marion Ravenwood, an old flame introduced in the first movie.", "The music also provides the key to the film's peculiar blend of fantasy, humor and pathos. One of the themes that threads through early-20th-century American folk music -- black and white, secular and sacred -- is the longing for another world, the sweet by and by, the other shore, ''The Big Rock Candy Mountain.'' The latter song, in Harry McClintock's definitive version, accompanies McGill's initial dash to freedom. It's a childish vision of a world of lemonade springs and indolence -- like the island of Lotus Eaters in ''The Odyssey'' -- but it also expresses a weary, heartfelt longing for a life free of toil and injustice.", "Directed by Lewis Milestone. Cast: Gary Cooper, Madeleine Carroll, William Frawley, Dudley Digges, Akim Tamiroff, Porter Hall. O'Hara, an American soldier of fortune, tries to foil the ambitions of General Yang (Akim Tamiroff), a ruthless warlord who plans to take over the provinces of northern China. Exotic settings, captivating performances and extraordinary cinematography power this thrilling tale of double crosses. Screenplay: Charles G. Booth (story); Clifford Odets. 99 min. DVD 4754", "As the film starts, Danny is unaware that the stub glows with magic. When a lit stick of dynamite exits the film during a car chase scene and lands in the theater, Danny instinctively ducks for cover. When he comes to, he finds that he is now in the film, riding along with Slater who is in disbelief as how Danny arrived. At the LAPD headquarters, Danny tries to explain how this is all a film and explaining who the bad guys are, but Slater does not accept this. Despite this, Slater's supervisor, Lt. Dekker, assigns Danny to work with Slater given his apparent knowledge of the villain. Danny leads Slater to the home of mob boss Tony Vivaldi which he saw in the opening of the film. Vivaldi denies any wrongdoing and Slater is unable to arrest him despite Danny's assurance of his crime. As they depart, Vivaldi's assassin, Mr. Benedict, overhears Danny talking about the ticket stub, and discreetly follows the two. That night, Benedict orders an attack on Slater's home while he is introducing Danny to his daughter, Whitney. While Slater and Whitney fend off the attackers, Benedict is able to steal the ticket stub from Danny.", "* Sinbad vs the Seven Saracens (1962) a.k.a. Ali Baba and the Seven Saracens, starring Gordon Mitchell", "Alakazam the Great (Japan/US, animated, 1960), with voices of Jonathan Winters, Frankie Avalon, Arnold Stang, Sterling Holloway. Directed by Taiji Yabushita. The magical Monkey King defeats King Gruesome and other foes. ", "The Three Caballeros (1945), released on February 3, 1945; two-time Academy Award nominee: Best Sound and Best Score; in this animated and live-action combined film, Donald Duck danced with \"Brazilian Girl\" Aurora Miranda", "May be a remake of an 1977 film called \"Iron Monkey\". I haven't seen the 1977 film, but you can buy the widescreen version." ]	[ 6.26171875, 5.3203125, 4.41796875, 2.740234375, 1.962890625, 1.7783203125, 0.73681640625, 0.25244140625, -0.059417724609375, -0.1607666015625, -0.350341796875, -0.361572265625, -0.41162109375, -0.5673828125, -1.0107421875, -1.0302734375, -1.103515625, -1.287109375, -1.826171875, -1.876953125, -1.9970703125, -2.125, -2.560546875, -2.708984375, -5.6484375, -6.55078125, -6.55078125, -6.98046875, -7.15625, -7.5703125, -7.74609375, -7.9375 ]
Whose poems returned to the bestsellers list after Four Weddings and a Funeral?	[ "W. H. Auden was a young, sensational English poet of the 1930s who became an elder statesman of Anglo-American literature by the time he died in 1973. He made his reputation while still at Oxford in the 1920s, and by the time he left England for New York to avoid World War II he was considered by many to be the spokes-poet of a generation -- an erudite, socially conscious and technically brilliant rising star. Once in America (1939), he wrote poems of all kinds (long and short), essays, films and speeches, as well as libretti and plays with more-than-just-pals Chester Kallman and Christopher Isherwood (respectively). He taught and lectured (he also kept up his relationship with Oxford) and became even more famous when won the 1948 Pulitzer for the long poem The Age of Anxiety. Critics and scholars still consider Auden one of the 20th century's great poets, but few of his poems are familiar to mainstream audiences. He spent his last years in New York, at Oxford and in Vienna, Austria (where he died). His poetry gained new notice in recent years, thanks to the film Four Weddings and a Funeral, which features Auden's poem \"Funeral Blues\" (\"Stop all the clocks, cut off the telephone\"). His works include Poems (1930), Look, Stranger! (1936, also known as On This Island) and The Shield of Achilles (1955, winner of the National Book Award).", "Although only one scene contains poetry, the recitation of \"Funeral Blues\" by W. H. Auden is one of the film's most memorable moments. A moving elegy to a dead lover, the poem begins \"Stop all the clocks, cut off the telephone\" and can be found in Auden's Collected Poems. Numerous moviegoers who had never read Auden's work before were inspired to seek out his writings after seeing Four Weddings and a Funeral.", "The 1994 cinema hit Four Weddings and a Funeral helped bring the poem to the attention of the general public, when a character played by actor John Hannah reads an excerpt at the film’s emotional climax. As a result of overwhelming public demand for copies of the poem, Tell Me the Truth About Love: Ten Poems by W. H. Auden, a collection of Auden’s verse and cabaret songs from the 1930s including “Funeral Blues”, was rushed to press soon after the film’s release. Reviewer David Gritten noted in the Los Angeles Times that the film created “a sudden demand all over England” for Auden’s works. Americans have also shown an increased interest in the author. Filmgoers and readers responded to “Funeral Blues’” heartfelt expression of grief over the death of a loved one. The poem expresses a rhythmical, intimate portrait of the totality of love and the devastating consequences of its absence.", "poetry does not teach us how to die, but how to cope with death and the uncertainty created at the death of a loved one. It also emotionally supports its... readers through its invited readings. Funeral Blues, or more commonly known as Stop all the clocks by W.H. Auden is a good example of the grieving process many people experience. Made famous in today’s society by the reading in the popular movie Four Weddings and a Funeral, and reducing the majority of the audience to tears, it is a heart-wrenching...", "Auden enjoyed a great lift in popularity thanks to his poem (sometimes called \"Funeral Blues)\" which was featured in the film Four Weddings and a Funeral:", "Public recognition of Auden's work sharply increased after his \"Funeral Blues\" (\"Stop all the clocks\") was read aloud in the film Four Weddings and a Funeral (1994); subsequently, a pamphlet edition of ten of his poems, Tell Me the Truth About Love, sold more than 275,000 copies. After 11 September 2001 his 1939 poem \"September 1, 1939\" was widely circulated and frequently broadcast. Public readings and broadcast tributes in the UK and US in 2007 marked his centenary year. ", "From 1930 to 1935, Auden worked temporary positions at several boys’ schools in England, and wrote regularly. Much of his work at this time combined writing media, such as the mixed prose and poetry of The Orators, or the drama and poetry of The Ascent of F6 and The Dog Beneath the Skin, both plays co-written with Christopher Isherwood. The Ascent of F6 contained the first appearance of the poem “Funeral Blues” (also known as “Stop all the clocks” for its first line), one of Auden’s best-known works. This poem was rewritten by Auden into the form of a cabaret song, and this version became widely known in contemporary pop culture when it was recited in its entirety in the 1994 British film Four Weddings and a Funeral.", "Bonhams : Auden manuscript of poem used in 'Four weddings and a funeral' for sale at Bonhams", "If you've ever seen the film Four Weddings and a Funeral (which by the way is a very good film) then you'll have heard his work. He wrote this poem which is a very amazing and emotional scene in the film.", "When the poem appears as “Funeral Blues” in Another Time, the text is much changed. There it stands as the third of four poems in the sequence “Four Cabaret Songs for Miss Hedli Anderson.” In these cabaret songs the singer is reflecting on the death of her lover, but they are contained in a section of the book called “Lighter Poems.” The tone becomes slightly more serious when the poem appears in Collected Shorter Poems and Collected Poems. In these later volumes, “Funeral Blues” is surrounded by eleven other poems, all written between 1935 and 1938. The subject of loss is complemented by other themes, such as desire, secrecy, and love (and, specifically, homosexual love). Though these themes are more explicitly explored in the other eleven poems, they resonate importantly in this one, and they disclose the motivation behind the poet’s hyperbolic language.", "* Poems (London, 1930; second edn., seven poems substituted, London, 1933; includes poems and Paid on Both Sides: A Charade ) (dedicated to Christopher Isherwood).", "John Betjeman's Collected Poems first appeared in 1958; it made publishing history, and sold more than two and a half million copies to a steadily expanding readership. Betjeman, who succeeded Cecil Day Lewis as poet laureate and held the position until his death in 1984, was the best-loved British poet since Tennyson. He is known for his modern and accessible subject matter (more specifically depictions of English middle-class existence). This volume, the first American edition of the Collected Poems, includes the delightful autobiography in verse, Summoned by Bells, and a new introduction by Britain's poet laureate, Andrew Motion.", "Ted Hughes produced more than 40 volumes of poetry, children's books, stories, translations and criticism. In 1984, he was named Poet Laureate of England, and in 1998, just months before he died of cancer at the age of 68, the Queen presented him with the Order of Merit. Yet, to some people, Ted Hughes is primarily known as the husband of Sylvia Plath, his wife of less than seven years.", "Though Al Purdy (see Obituaries), one of Canada’s major poets, died in April, his voice lives on in the posthumously published Beyond Remembering: The Collected Poems. Another death, that of Patrick Lane’s mother, informed his latest collection, The Bare Plum of Winter Rain. The death of Charles Lillard, poet and husband, was mourned in Rhonda Batchelor’s Weather Report. Winona Baker expressed the essence of life’s transient seasons through haiku in Even a Stone Breathes. Although death was not ignored, a lighter note was struck in bill bissett’s b leev abul char ak trs. In Ruin & Beauty: New and Selected Poems, Patricia Young explored the necessary contradictions at the heart of life, a concept that also animated A Pair of Scissors, Sharon Thesen’s examination of how opposites work against each other to create something new. For Don McKay in Another Gravity, it was the contrariness of nature and the ambivalence of human nature that formed the dramas of people’s lives. George Bowering, in His Life: A Poem, spins his timeless meditations on the rotations of solstice and equinox. What the Small Day Cannot Hold: Collected Poems 1970–1985 summed up Musgrave’s mordant take on life in the late 20th century.", "He is considered by many critics to be one of the three greatest living poets, along with Russian-born American Joseph Brodsky and Derek Walcott of Trinidad, both of whom have won the Nobel Prize. Brodsky won in 1987, Walcott in 1992. The literati have just been waiting for the third bell to chime.", "She rose to fame in the UK after winning Poetry Society’s National Poetry Competition (1983) for her poem ‘ Whoever She was ’. Carol Ann Duffy is the first female poet to be appointed to the position of poet laureate . She wrote a poem after becoming poet laureate regarding a scandal faced by the British MPs expenses. Her second poem was called ‘ Last Post ’ and it was used by BBC to commemorate the last two British soldiers to have fought in the First World War; namely Henry Allingham and Harry Patch. ‘ The Twelve Days of Christmas 2009 ’ was her third poem in which she tackles various issues such as extinction of species, the conference held in Copenhagen regarding climate change, the crisis in the banking sector and the Afghanistan War. Duffy’s poem ‘ Achilles ’ was written for the footballer David Beckham , after he could not participate in the FIFA world cup of 2010. The poem described the modern day celebrity culture as a ‘mythicisation’. She also gifted her poem ‘ Rings ’ to Prince William and Catherine Middleton for their wedding in 2011.", "Pam Ayres has been a writer, broadcaster, and entertainer for over 40 years, and is one of the few authors who has had books in the Sunday Times bestseller charts in almost every decade since the 1970s. She is the author of several best-selling poetry collections, including The Works, With These Hands, Surgically Enhanced and You Made Me Late Again!. Many of her poems are in school textbooks around the world including the UK, USA, China, Australia, New Zealand, Holland, South Africa, Ireland and Singapore.", "Hughes's definitive 1,333-page Collected Poems (Faber & Faber) appeared (posthumously) in 2003. A poem discovered in October 2010, \"Last letter\", describes what happened during the three days leading up to Plath's suicide. [3] It was published in New Statesman on National Poetry Day, October 2010. Poet Laureate Carol Ann Duffy told Channel 4 News that the poem was \"the darkest poem he has ever written\" and said that for her it was \"almost unbearable to read.\" [48]", "The publication of The Whitsun Weddings in 1964 confirmed his reputation. The title poem is a masterly depiction of England seen from a train on Whitsun. In 1972 he wrote the oft-quoted \"Going, Going\", a poem which expresses the romantic fatalism in his view of England which was typical of his later years. In it, he prophesies a complete destruction of the countryside, and expresses an idealised sense of national togetherness and identity. The poem ends with the doom-laden statement, \"I just think it will happen, soon\". High Windows, his last book, was released in 1974; for some critics it represented a falling-off from his previous two books,[1] yet it contains a number of his much-loved pieces, including \"This Be The Verse\" and \"The Explosion\", as well as the title poem. \"Annus Mirabilis\" (year of wonder), also from that volume, contains the frequently quoted observation that sexual intercourse began in 1963 (\"rather late for me\").", "He spent his last years in his home in Devon and continued with his literary pursuits. In 1998, just a few months before his death, he published his last book, a collection of eighty-eight poems, documenting his complex relationship with Plath. Titled âBirthday Lettersâ, it immediately topped the best sellers list.", "With poems like The Whitsun Weddings and This Be The Verse - which contains his famous musings on \"your mum and dad\" - Larkin is widely regarded as one of Britain's finest 20th Century poets.", "In July 1961, the poet and author Sylvia Plath read her poem, \"Tulips\" at the Poetry at the Mermaid Festival, sponsored by the Arts Council of Great Britain. The program notes that there were twelve commissioned poets at the festival, one of which was Plath's husband, Ted Hughes.", "The Whitsun Weddings is a collection of 32 poems by Philip Larkin. It was first published by Faber and Faber in the United Kingdom on 28 February 1964. It was a commercial success, by the standards of poetry publication, with the first 4,000 copies being sold within two months. A United States edition appeared some seven months later.", "Part Four (Flannery O'Connor, Charles Baxter, Joan Didion, William Butler Yeats, Lyn Hejinian, Jean Cocteau, Francine du Plessix Gray, Roberto Bolano)", "His book of poems, âMichael Robartes and the Dancerâ is one of his best known poetry collections; the book includes poems like âSolomon And The Witchâ, âAn Image From A Past Lifeâ, âThe Rose-Treeâ, âOn A Political Prisonerâ and âThe Leaders Of The Crowd.â Another poignant poem in the book is âA Prayer For My Daughterâ addressed to his daughter, Ann.", "Carol Ann Duffy is an award-winning Scots poet who, according to Danette DiMarco in Mosaic, is the poet of \"post-post war England: Thatcher's England.\" Duffy is best known for writing love poems that often take the form of monologues. Her verses, as an Economist reviewer described them, are typically \"spoken in the voices of the urban disaffected, people on the margins of society who harbour resentments and grudges against the world.\" Although she knew she was a lesbian since her days at St. Joseph's convent school, her early love poems give no indication of her homosexuality; the object of love in her verses is someone whose gender is not specified. Not until her 1993 collection, Mean Time, and 1994's Selected Poems, does she begin to write about homosexual love.", "Two long poems (6000 lines each), bearing the same title, written after the death of a young woman to whom he was engaged to be married, a meditation on life and art, romantic and metaphysical.", "The Whitsun Weddings is a collection of 32 poems that focus of the mundanity of everyday life and the small things that people barely notice. A lot of his best known poems are in this collection.", "He wrote a peculiarly English form of romantic and nostalgic light verse, as well as prose works on architecture and social history which reflect his interest in the Gothic Revival. His Collected Poems appeared 1958 and a verse autobiography, Summoned by Bells, 1960. He became poet laureate 1972.", "Here is a selection of readings suitable for a non-religious funeral. There are also many other collections of poems online to browse. Look at these examples:", "He has also applied his habile wit to poetry, composing early on a collection called The Carpentered Hen in 1954. Three more tomes of verse followed. Collected Poems, 1953-1993, comprises what he calls his “beloved waifs.”", "After his retirement from the civil service in 1972 he completed the best received of his later novels, Wedding Song (1987), the story of the supposed suicide of a playwright after rumours that he has murdered his wife and child." ]	[ 4.08203125, 4.0234375, 3.974609375, 2.7421875, 1.84765625, 1.748046875, 1.5712890625, 0.732421875, -1.6826171875, -2.70703125, -3.68359375, -4.01171875, -4.10546875, -4.3671875, -4.5625, -4.58984375, -4.65625, -4.97265625, -5.0625, -5.34765625, -5.49609375, -5.5625, -5.5625, -6.19140625, -6.49609375, -6.578125, -6.7578125, -8.1171875, -8.5, -8.8046875, -9.0234375, -9.6015625 ]
Who was the voice of O'Malley in The Aristocats?	[ "The Aristocats is a 1970 American animated musical adventure-comedy film produced and released by Walt Disney Productions and features the voices of Eva Gabor, Hermione Baddeley, Phil Harris, Dean Clark, Sterling Holloway, Scatman Crothers, and Roddy Maude-Roxby. The 20th animated feature in the Walt Disney Animated Classics series, the film is based on a story by Tom McGowan and Tom Rowe, and revolves around a family of aristocratic cats, and how an alley cat acquaintance helps them after a butler has kidnapped them to gain his mistress' fortune which was intended to go to them. It was originally released to theaters by Buena Vista Distribution on December 11, 1970.", "One of the greatest radio comedians of all time, Phil Harris cemented his animation legacy by voicing three of the most beloved Disney characters of all time: Baloo, Mowgli's friend in The Jungle Book, Thomas O'Malley from the Aristocats, and Little John, from Robin Hood. Phil's low-pitched, distinct, but always cool voice served him well in his music career, and he used it to sing one of Disney's greatest songs of all time: The Bare Necessities, a ditty that's been stuck in the heads of Disney fans for the last 40 years. Harris' performances for Disney might not have been many, but they were all great, and absolutely unforgettable.", "Тhe Aristocats is an American animated feature film produced and released by Walt Disney Productions in 1970 and features the voices of Eva Gabor, Hermione Gingold, Phil Harris, Dean Clark, Sterling Holloway and Roddy Maude-Roxby. The 20th animated feature in the Walt Disney Animated Classics series, the film is based on a story by Tom McGowan and Tom Rowe, and revolves around a family of aristocratic cats, and how an alley cat acquaintance helps them after a butler has kidnapped them to gain his mistress' fortune which was intended to go to them. It was originally released to theaters by Buena Vista Distribution on December 11, 1970.", "O'Malley is the voice of the iconic crooked lawyer Nick Virago in the multi-million-selling Lucas Arts CD ROM Grim Fandango. Also a voice actor and voice-over artist, O'Malley was for years the voice of the Utah-based Beneficial Life Insurance Company across North America.", "As with The Jungle Book, the characters were patterned on the personalities of the voice actors. In 1966, Walt Disney contacted Phil Harris to improvise the script, and shortly after, he was cast to voice Thomas O'Malley. To differentiate the character from Baloo, Reitherman noted O'Malley was \"more based on Clark Gable than Wallace Beery, who was partly the model for Baloo.\" Reitherman further cast Eva Gabor as Duchess, remarking she had \"the freshest femme voice we've ever had\", and Sterling Holloway as Roquefort. Louis Armstrong was initially reported to voice Scat Cat, but he backed out of the project in 1969 for unknown reasons. Out of desperation, Scatman Crothers was hired to voice the character under the direction to imitate Armstrong. Pat Buttram and George Lindsey were cast as the farm dogs, which proved so popular with the filmmakers that another scene was included to have the dogs when Edgar returns to the farm to retrieve his displaced hat and umbrella. ", "The Aristocats is a 1970 animated film produced by Walt Disney Productions and released on December 11, 1970. The 20th animated feature in the Walt Disney Animated Classics series, the film is based on a story by Tom McGowan and Tom Rowe, and revolves around a family of aristocratic cats, and how an alley cat acquaintance helps them after the butler Edgar catnaps them to gain his mistress' fortune, which was meant to go to them. The title is a pun on the word aristocrats. The film's basic idea— an animated romantic musical comedy about talking cats in France —had previously been used in the UPA animated feature Gay Purr-ee.", "Eva Gabor as Duchess - Madame Adelaide's cat and mother of three kittens; but forced to choose between loyalty to Madame and her own attachment to Thomas O'Malley, until the end of the film. Robie Lester provided the singing voice for Duchess.", "* Phil Harris as Thomas O'Malley (full name: Abraham de Lacy Giuseppe Casey Thomas O'Malley) – A feral cat who befriends Duchess and her kittens, becoming a father figure to the kittens and falling in love with Duchess.", "1986: Benjamin Sherman \"Scatman\" Crothers (76) American actor, singer, dancer and multi-musician; born in Terre Haute, Indiana, he was known for his work as Louie the Garbage Man on the TV show Chico and the Man, and as Dick Hallorann in The Shining in 1980. He was also a prolific voiceover artist, and provided the voices of Jazz the Autobot in The Transformers, the title character in Hong Kong Phooey, Meadowlark Lemon in the animated TV version of The Harlem Globetrotters, and Scat Cat in the 1970 film The Aristocats. He performed on piano and drums in several bands, most notably with bandleader Slim Gaillard and was part of the music group The Ramparts who sang Bob Dylan's \"The Death of Emmett Till\". He also sang and played guitar, recording several solo albums and singles (sadly died of pneumonia while bravely battling lung and throat cancer) b. May 23rd 1910.", "For The Aristocats there are three characters with this accent. The goose sisters since they are visitors from England who are visiting Paris. Marie also has this accent mixed with a mid-altantic accent which is odd since her mother Duchess has a French accent and her brothers Toulouse and Berlioz have American accents when all the cats are supposed to be French. Marie was voiced by a young Louise English who is british. Louise would later be featured in the British show The Benny Hill Show in the late 70's and 80's.", "J. Pat O'Malley , although not the same as famous character actor Pat O'Malley , was nonetheless a well-known movie and TV actor when he was selected to voice Col. Hathi the Elephant.", "Walt hired Mel Blanc to voice the villainous sidekick character after hearing Blanc's hiccupy “drunk” impersonation. Blanc recorded all of his lines in 16 days and received $50 per day —but if you’ve seen the movie, you might remember that Gideon the Cat is mute. Disney ended up being worried that audiences would think the cat was drunk, and reduced Blanc’s lines to a single hiccup, which Blanc didn't find out until the movie premiered. Good thing he had that whole Bugs Bunny thing to fall back on.", "Michelle Pfeiffer (Selina Kyle/Cat- woman); Christopher Walken ( Maximillian Shreck); Michael Gough (Alfred); Pat Hingle (Commissioner Gordon); Michael Murphy (Mayor); Vincent Schiavelli (Organ Grinder); Andrew Bryniarski ...", "* Bob Holt (Sneetches and Sylvester McMonkey McBean in Dr. Seuss on the Loose, Lorax and The Once-ler in The Lorax, Mr. Hoober-Bloob in The Hoober-Bloob Highway, Homer Zuckerman in Charlotte's Web and Grinch in The Grinch Grinches the Cat in the Hat, Cop-Tur in Challenge of the GoBots, The Hulk in The Incredible Hulk, Grape Ape in The Great Grape Ape Show and Laff-A-Lympics, The Blue Racer and the Japanese Beetle in Blue Racer, various voices in Uncle Sam Magoo, Hoot Kloot and Fester in Hoot Kloot)", "In 1998, Lloyd Webber produced a video version of Cats, based upon the stage version, starring Elaine Paige, who originated the role of Grizabella in London; Ken Page, who originated Old Deuteronomy on Broadway; Sir John Mills as Gus; Michael Gruber as Munkustrap; John Partridge as The Rum Tum Tugger; Jo Gibb as Rumpelteazer with many of the dancers and singers drawn largely from various stage productions of the show.[2] It was directed by David Mallet, with choreography and musical staging by the show's respected original creator Gillian Lynne in London's Adelphi Theatre, and was released on VHS and DVD, as well as broadcast on television worldwide.", "He became well known for a number of popular and notable critically acclaimed performances, particularly in films such as Zulu (1964); The Ipcress File (1965); Alfie (1966); The Italian Job (1969); The Battle Of Britain (1969); Get Carter (1971); Sleuth (1972); The Man Who Would Be King (1975); Educating Rita (1983); Without a Clue (1988); Dirty Rotten Scoundrels (1988); The Muppet Christmas Carol (1992); Secondhand Lions (2003); Academy Award–winning performances for best supporting actor in both Hannah and Her Sisters (1986), and The Cider House Rules (1999); as Nigel Powers in the parody Austin Powers in Goldmember (2002); and more recently as Alfred Pennyworth, the butler, in Batman Begins (2005), and The Dark Knight (2008), the protagonist in Harry Brown (2009) and a supporting character in Inception (2010). He has provided his voice for two animated films in 2011, Gnomeo and Juliet and Cars 2.", "Grammer is the first actor in television history to receive multiple Emmy nominations for performing the same role on three series. He received two nominations for his original portrayal of Dr. Frasier Crane on Cheers (1982), another for his guest appearance in that role on Wings (1990), and nine nominations (earning four awards) as Outstanding Actor for his work on Frasier (1993). Over the years, Dr. Frasier Crane has become one of television's most endearing and enduring characters. In addition to his Emmy Awards, Grammer has won two Golden Globe Awards, two American Comedy Awards and a People's Choice Award for his portrait. Grammer's distinctive voice has been heard in several hit animated features, including the voice of Stinky Pete in Disney's hit Toy Story 2 (1999) and a role in Anastasia (1997). On television, he has also been seen in several mini-series and movies. In 1996, he hosted an hour-long salute to Jack Benny for which he served as executive producer. He also starred in HBO's award-winning comedy The Pentagon Wars (1998).", "Joe Alaskey now does the voice of Tweety. Alaskey is also a very talented \"on-camera\" actor, guest starring on numerous television series, including \"The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air,\" \"Growing Pains,\" and \"Night Court.\" He served as the voice of Richard Nixon in the Oscar-winning feature film \"Forrest Gump,\" as well as the voice of the oh-so-irreverent Daffy Duck, serving as presenter during the 67th Annual Academy Awards ceremony. Alaskey can also he heard as the voice of Stinkie in Steven Spielberg's \"Casper.\"", "* Rick Jones (Speedy Cervice and various characters in Samurai Pizza Cats; several characters in The Raccoons; Choo Choo, Sailor and Uncle Boom in The Smoggies; Ralph in Rotten Ralph; Fu-Fu in Sagwa, the Chinese Siamese Cat; Walter in Walter and Tandoori; Yorky, Rusty and Tooly in The Big Garage; Gregory Gilbert Pyrowski and Mr. Pyrowski in Fred's Head; Puff Ball, Erebus and Digger in Toad Patrol; Whip in Tripping the Rift; Gwizdo and Hector in Dragon Hunters; Scoop in My Goldfish is Evil; and many others in Ottawa, Toronto and Montreal; also serves as a writer and voice director)", "Though not really known for his voice acting, it's a facet of his amazing multi-talented comedy career that can't be ignored. Hartman's roles as a voice actor stand out particularly on The Simpsons, as characters such as Lionel Hutz and Troy McClure, using his unique, bold, sweetly arrogant voice to provide both characters with a distinct flavor that made them comedic gold. Hartman's pitch-perfect comedic timing and excellent delivery provided for many memorable moments throughout the series, along with some of its greatest quotes. He played Jiji, Kiki's feline friend, in the English dub of Kiki's Delivery Service, perhaps the highlight of his voice acting career, enhancing the movie's amazing English dub with his usual comedy skills. His tragic death cut short a fantastic career, and it's likely Hartman would be much higher on this list had he had the chance to continue on to more great roles (he was poised to play Zapp Branigan, and Billy West patterned that character's delivery off of him).", "Although many supporting and minor characters speak, Tom and Jerry rarely do so themselves. Tom, most famously, sings while wooing female cats; for example, Tom sings Louis Jordan's \"Is You Is or Is You Ain't My Baby\" in the 1946 short Solid Serenade. In that one as well as Zoot Cat, Tom, when romancing a female cat, woos her in a French-accented voice similar to that of screen actor Charles Boyer. At the end of The Million Dollar Cat after beginning to antagonize Jerry he says, \"Gee, I'm throwin' away a million dollars... BUT I'M HAPPY!\" In Tom and Jerry: The Magic Ring, Jerry says, \"No, no, no, no, no,\" when choosing the shop to remove his ring. In The Mouse Comes to Dinner Tom speaks to his girlfriend Toots while inadvertently sitting on a stove: \"Say, what's cookin'?\", to which Toots replies \"You are, stupid.\". Another instance of speech comes in Solid Serenade and The Framed Cat, where Tom directs Spike through a few dog tricks in a dog-trainer manner. Co-director William Hanna provided most of the squeaks, gasps, and other vocal effects for the pair, including the most famous sound effects from the series, Tom's leather-lunged scream (created by recording Hanna's scream and eliminating the beginning and ending of the recording, leaving only the strongest part of the scream on the soundtrack) and Jerry's nervous gulp. ", "His American stage debut was a 1951 production of Stalag 17 with Jason Robards and Jules Munshin. Abercrombie made guest appearances in many television series such as Dynasty, Falcon Crest, Murphy Brown, NewsRadio, Star Trek: Voyager, State of Grace, Birds of Prey, Desperate Housewives, How I Met Your Mother, Happily Divorced and Wizards of Waverly Place. He voiced characters in The Batman, Green Lantern: The Animated Series, Star Wars: The Clone Wars and Rango. His film credits included Army of Darkness, Addams Family Values, The Lost World: Jurassic Park and Garfield: A Tale of Two Kitties.", "Sideshow Bob shares some personality traits of Grammer's character Frasier Crane from the sitcoms Cheers and Frasier, and has been described as \"Frasier pickled in arsenic\". Several parallels have been explicitly drawn in The Simpsons between Bob and Frasier Crane Bob's brother Cecil and his father were played by David Hyde Pierce and John Mahoney respectively, echoing the roles they played in Frasier. Grammer, who based Bob's voice on that of actor Ellis Rabb, has been praised for his portrayals of the character. In 2006, he won an Emmy for Outstanding Voice-Over Performance for his work in the episode \"The Italian Bob\".", "Actor who provided the voice for a number of memorable Disney characters including Winnie the Pooh, Mr. Stork in Dumbo and the Cheshire Cat in Alice in Wonderland.", "Thurl Ravenscroft (voice) -- Dead. Prostate cancer. Died May 22, 2005. Born February 16, 1914. Voice of Tony the Tiger, and memorably sang \"You're a Mean One, Mr. Grinch\". IMDb Obituary", "One of the successors to Mel Blanc for voicing Looney Tunes characters, Joe Alaskey is one of the elites, able to voice nearly all of the main Looney Tunes characters, including Bugs Bunny, Daffy Duck, Sylvester, and Tweety. Alaskey also voiced Plucky Duck, one of the funniest characters in the original Tiny Toons. In addition to Looney Tunes characters, Alaskey took over as the voice of Grandpa Pickles in Rugrats (after the death of David Doyle), and has voiced various Spiderman characters, including Dr. Octopus, in several video games based off the comic. Alaskey's skill in replicating and mimicking Looney Tunes voices is nearly unmatched, and his comedic chops in those roles are on par with the great legend who originated them.", "Grammer's well-known voice and mid-Atlantic accent make him popular for voiceover work. He has provided the voice of Sideshow Bob on The Simpsons, winning an Emmy Award for his work in the episode \"The Italian Bob\", his fifth Emmy win. He has appeared in eighteen episodes from the show's inception in 1989 through 2015's \"Treehouse of Horror XXVI\", in which his character has finally succeeded in killing Bart Simpson in one segment (\"Wanted: Dead, then Alive\"). Grammer supplied the voices for \"Stinky Pete the Prospector\" in 1999 Disney/Pixar film Toy Story 2, Vladimir in the Fox animated movie Anastasia, Rothbart in Barbie of Swan Lake, Zozi the Bear in the subsequently produced sequel Bartok the Magnificent, and the title character in the short-lived animated series Gary the Rat. He provided the opening speech and piano in The Vandals' song \"Phone Machine\" from the album Fear of a Punk Planet, and sang a rewritten version of the \"grinch\" on an episode of Just Shoot Me!. He was the voice of the mad scientist, Dr. Frankenollie, in the Mickey Mouse short Runaway Brain. He was also the narrator of \"Mickey Mouse – Once Upon a Christmas\".", "In 1997, Spiner returned to the Broadway stage, playing the leading role of John Adams in the Roundabout Theatre Company revival of the musical 1776. His performance met with generally positive reviews, and the production was nominated for a Tony Award. A cast recording was released of the revival production. Spiner played the voice of Conan O'Brien in the 1999 South Park movie.", "He has voiced two royal cats, Prince in Garfield: A Tail Of Two Kitties and The Cat King in The Cat Returns.", "thurl ravenscroft (voice of \"tony the tiger\" for \"frosted flakes\", \"they're grrrrreat!\", also he sang \"you're a mean one mr. grinch\" in \"how the grinch stole x-mas\") (2005)", "72..In the Hunchback of Notre Dame, what was the name of the Captain of the Guard, and what actor supplied his voice?", "*Top Cat also made a cameo appearance in one of What-a-Cartoon shorts named \"Buy One, Get One Free\" in a party scene." ]	[ 2.9453125, 2.865234375, 2.6796875, 0.07525634765625, -0.05377197265625, -0.175537109375, -0.8876953125, -1.86328125, -2.23046875, -3.50390625, -3.6171875, -5.3125, -5.4921875, -5.61328125, -5.67578125, -5.88671875, -6.11328125, -6.265625, -6.3359375, -6.34765625, -6.3515625, -6.5078125, -6.5390625, -6.546875, -6.546875, -6.68359375, -7.02734375, -7.8984375, -8.2734375, -8.3203125, -8.8515625, -9.3359375 ]
What was the name of Bob Fosse's character in All That Jazz?	[ "Strictly speaking, All That Jazz isn’t about a dancer. Bob Fosse was many things—dancer, choreographer, actor, director, writer, and some might say History’s Greatest Monster for beating out Francis Ford Coppola for Best Director at the 1973 Oscars . And strictly speaking, All That Jazz isn’t technically about Fosse, at least in that the lead character—a similar multi-hyphenate named Joe Gideon played by Roy Scheider—isn’t named “Bob Fosse.” But the film à clef is, for all intents and purposes, a Fosse biopic written and directed by the man himself. And it’s not a flattering portrait. But it is, in typical Fosse fashion, flashy and stylish, with a hint of the avant garde. ", "Fosse's largely semi-autobiographical, Best Picture-nominated All That Jazz (1979), which won only the Best Art Direction Oscar from its six nominations, was a frenzied combination of choreography, flashbacks, and surrealism, with Roy Scheider as Joe Gideon (based on Fosse himself working on the production of the musical Chicago in 1975) - a work-obsessed, self-destructive Broadway choreographer and director. Many of the characters were either based on people in Fosse's life or characters who essentially played themselves. It was notable for Gideon's early-morning greeting in front of a mirror: \"It's show time!\", and for his by-pass surgery scene. [Rob Marshall's version of Fosse's play, Chicago (2002) won the Best Picture Oscar.]", "At the close of the decade, Bob Fosse, whom Lange had befriended and with whom had carried a casual romantic affair, cast Lange as the Angel of Death, a part that he had written specifically for her in his semiautobiographical film, All That Jazz (1979).", "Bob Fosse was born on June 23, 1927 in Chicago, Illinois, USA as Robert Louis Fosse. He is known for his work on All That Jazz (1979), Cabaret (1972) and Chicago (2002). He was married to Gwen Verdon , Joan McCracken and Mary Ann Niles . He died on September 23, 1987 in Washington, District of Columbia, USA.", "Influenced initially by the work of Jack Cole, Fred Astaire, and Jerome Robbins, Fosse was fluent in a dizzying mix of styles: in Redhead alone he incorporated elements of the ballet, jazz, march, cancan, gypsy dance, and the traditional English music-hall. Nor had he any reservations about drawing upon the seamier facts of his own personal life: his 1979 film All That Jazz – written, directed, and choreographed by himself – laid it all out: his compulsive chain-smoking, drinking, drug-taking, and womanizing.", "All That Jazz was Bob Fosse’s portrait of the artist as total bastard · Watch This · The A.V. Club", "¨Cabaret¨ is an impressive picture splendidly directed by Bob Fosse(1927-1987) and winning three Oscars. Fosse was a director, actor, choreographer and dancer. He choreographed : ¨My sister Eileen, The Pijama game, Damn Yankees¨ and directed another films with awesome musical sequences such as ¨Sweet charity and All that jazz¨.", " Fosse's dancer girlfriend and sometime muse, Ann Reinking, stepped into Chicago late in its Broadway run, before going on in 1978 to wow Broadway in Fosse's anti-musical Dancin'. She also appeared, pretty much playing herself in Fosse's All That Jazz (in which you can see a fictionalized account of all the events surrounding Chicago and the bypass operation).", "In 1979, Fosse co-wrote and directed a semi-autobiographical film All That Jazz (1979), which portrayed the life of a womanizing, drug-addicted choreographer-director in the midst of triumph and failure. All That Jazz won four Academy Awards, earning Fosse his third Oscar nomination for Best Director. It also won the Palme d'Or at the 1980 Cannes Film Festival. In the summer and fall of 1980, working with All That Jazz executive producer Daniel Melnick, Fosse commissioned documentary research for a follow-up feature having to do with the motivations that compel people to become performers, but he found the results uninspiring and abandoned the project.", " Although some news items throughout the 1970s indicated that Fosse had decided not to direct the film adaptation of Chicago , some suggested that he was still considering the project but felt that he did not have the right “hook” for the production. Later feature articles speculated that Fosse gave up in frustration over the lengthy development stage of the project and instead turned his attention to directing the semi-autobiographical All That Jazz . That film, with a title derived from Chicago ’s most famous song, incorporates backstage scenes of the protagonist, a Fosse-like character, directing and choreographing a Broadway musical suggestive of Chicago .", "Fosse was born in Chicago, Illinois on June 23, 1927, to a Norwegian American father, Cyril K. Fosse, and Irish-born mother, Sara Alice Fosse (née Stanton), the second youngest of six. He teamed up with Charles Grass, another young dancer, and began a collaboration under the name The Riff Brothers. They toured theatres throughout the Chicago area. After being recruited, Fosse was placed in the variety show Tough Situation, which toured military and naval bases in the Pacific. Fosse moved to New York with the ambition of being the new Fred Astaire. His appearance with his first wife and dance partner Mary Ann Niles (1923–1987) in Call Me Mister brought him to the attention of Dean Martin and Jerry Lewis. Fosse and Niles were regular performers on Your Hit Parade during its 1950-51 season, and during this season Martin and Lewis caught their act in New York's Pierre Hotel and scheduled them to appear on the Colgate Comedy Hour. Fosse was signed to a MGM contract in 1953. His early screen appearances included Give A Girl A Break, The Affairs of Dobie Gillis and Kiss Me Kate, all released in 1953. A short sequence that he choreographed in the latter (and danced with Carol Haney) brought him to the attention of Broadway producers.[http://www.pbs.org/wnet/broadway/stars/bob-fosse/ \"Bob Fosse Biography\"] pbs.org; accessed January 27, 2010", "The film was to have been the next movie project for legendary stage and film choreographer and director Bob Fosse, who directed and choreographed the original Broadway production. Although he died before the film was made, the influence of his distinctive jazz choreography style can be detected throughout the film. In particular, the parallels to Cabaret are numerous and distinct. He is thanked in the movie's credits.", "All That Jazz (1979) closes out the 1970s. It won four Oscars and several other awards. In 2001 the United States Library of Congress deemed the film “culturally significant” and selected it for preservation in the National Film Registry.", "Bob Fosse was the only director to win a Tony, an Oscar, and an Emmy in the same year (1973). He won two Tonys (direction and choreography) for Pippin, an Oscar for Cabaret and an Emmy for \"Liza with a Z.\"", "John Birks \"Dizzy\" Gillespie (; October 21, 1917 – January 6, 1993) was an American jazz trumpeter, bandleader, composer, and singer. ", "William James \"Count\" Basie (August 21, 1904 – April 26, 1984) was an American jazz pianist, organist, bandleader, and composer. His mother taught him to play the piano and he started performing in his teens. Dropping out of school, he learned to operate lights for vaudeville and to improvise accompaniment for silent films at a local movie theater in his home town of Red Bank, New Jersey. By 16 years old, he increasingly played jazz piano at parties, resorts and other venues. In 1924, he went to Harlem, where his performing career expanded; he toured with groups to the major jazz cities of Chicago, St. Louis and Kansas City. In 1929 he joined Bennie Moten's band in Kansas City, and played with them until Moten's death in 1935.", "Satchmo: jazz musician: trumpet; Grammy Award-winning singer: Hello, Dolly! [1964], Lifetime Achievement Award [1971]; Itï¿½s a Wonderful World, Mack the Knife, Blueberry Hill; appeared in films: The Five Pennies, The Glenn Miller Story, Hello Dolly!, High Society; American ambassador of good will; inducted into Rock and Roll Hall of Fame [1990]; died July 6, 1971", "A biography of Louis Armstrong (nicknamed \"Satchmo\"), American jazz trumpeter and singer. Renowned for his charismatic stage presence, improvisational solo performances, and gravelly voice, he became America's international \"ambassador of good will.\" Features archival film footage with commentary by authors, historians and jazz musicians. Supplementary short issued with: The Adventures of young Indiana Jones. 2007. 32 min. DVD X235", "Armstrong appeared in more than a dozen Hollywood films, usually playing a band leader or musician. His most familiar role was as the bandleader cum narrator in the 1956 musical , High Society , in which he sang the title song and performed a duet with Bing Crosby on \" Now You Has Jazz \". In 1947, he played himself in the movie New Orleans opposite Billie Holiday , which chronicled the demise of the Storyville district and the ensuing exodus of musicians from New Orleans to Chicago. [69] In the 1959 film, The Five Pennies (the story of the cornetist Red Nichols ), Armstrong played himself as well as singing and playing several classic numbers. With Danny Kaye Armstrong performed a duet of \"When the Saints Go Marching In\" during which Kaye impersonated Armstrong. Armstrong also had a part in the film alongside James Stewart in The Glenn Miller Story in which Glenn (played by Stewart) jammed with Armstrong and a few other noted musicians of the time.", "Joe Carroll (Joseph Paul Taylor) (aka Bebop) - Died 2-1-1981 in New York, NY, U.S. ( Jazz ) Born 11-25-1919 in Philadelphia, PA, U.S. - Singer - (He did, \"Got A Penny, Benny?\" and \"The Land Of Ooh Bla Dee\").", "in 1921 - Steve Allen, (originally Stephen Valentine Patrick William), popular pianist, songwriter, comedian, is born at N.Y Allen is a more than capable musician and a very witty man. He was responsible for showcasing many important jazz artists on his NBC programs. These performers included Art Tatum (with whom he played a duet) twice, and the first appearances of Thelonious Monk and Miles Davis (with John Coltrane). These 1955 programs only survive as audio. Allen always treated the musicians respectfully and made a point to try and educate the viewing audience about jazz and improvisation. He also produced the television series Jazz Scene between 1960 and 1962 (some of which are available on home video). Allen produced an instructional video on playing jazz piano and also appeared in the Benny Goodman Story film. - Died Oct. 30, 2000.", "Bix Beiderbecke was one of the greatest jazz musicians of the 1920s. His colorful life, quick rise and fall, and eventual status as a martyr made him a legend even before he died, and he has long stood as proof that not all the innovators in jazz history were black. Possessor of a beautiful, distinctive tone and a strikingly original improvising style, Beiderbecke's only competitor among cornetists in the '20s was Louis Armstrong but (due to their different sounds and styles) one really could not compare them.", "In July 1941, Welles conceived It's All True as an omnibus film mixing documentary and docufiction in a project that emphasized the dignity of labor and celebrated the cultural and ethnic diversity of North America. It was to have been his third film for RKO, following Citizen Kane (1941) and The Magnificent Ambersons (1942). Duke Ellington was put under contract to score a segment with the working title, \"The Story of Jazz\", drawn from Louis Armstrong's 1936 autobiography, Swing That Music. Armstrong was cast to play himself in the brief dramatization of the history of jazz performance, from its roots to its place in American culture in the 1940s. \"The Story of Jazz\" was to go into production in December 1941.", "Jazz Musician. A cornetist, he is remembered for performing and recording with most of the greats of his lifetime, in the process helping to create the style known as Chicago Jazz. Raised in Chicago under rather unsettled circumstances, he took-up the violin at five and the coronet at 15 and was later to credit music for rescuing him from a life of crime. While in school he was part of a noted ensemble called the Austin High Gang, a group whose members included saxophonist Bud Freeman and... [Read More] (Bio by: Bob Hufford )", "a mid-20th century American jazz tenor saxophonist and Academy Award-nominated actor for Round Midnight, a film telling the story of jazz musician who comes to Europe; shows Paris' post-WWII role as the 2nd home of choice for American jazz men in Europe, but in the 20s it's Berlin rather than Paris", "Coltrane moved into acting in his early twenties, taking the stage name Coltrane (in tribute to jazz saxophonist John Coltrane) and working in theatre and comedy. Appearing in the 1981 BBC television comedy series A Kick Up the Eighties, his comic skills also brought him roles in the The Comic Strip Presents (1982) series and the comedy sketch shows Alfresco (1983–1984) and Laugh??? I Nearly Paid My Licence Fee (1984).", "He was the first African American to host a nationally broadcast radio show in the 1930s. In 1969, Armstrong had a cameo role in the film version of Hello, Dolly! as the bandleader, Louis, to which he sang the title song with actress Barbra Streisand . His solo recording of \" Hello, Dolly! \" is one of his most recognizable performances.", "After fathering two children by a woman friend, Davis moved to New York City in 1944. He worked for just two weeks in the talent-packed Billy Eckstine Band, then enrolled in the Juilliard School of Music. By day he studied classical music, and by night he gained experience in jazz's newest movement, bebop, with the leaders of the movement, notably Charlie Parker (1920–1955), Dizzy Gillespie (1917–1993), Fats Navarro, and Max Roach (1924–).", "He joined Louis Armstrong for debut of the All Stars in August 1947, remaining with him until the summer of 1952. Returning to the West Coast, some free-lancing and led a small band, then rejoined Armstrong in spring 1953 until August 1955; led a small band, then played with Ben Pollack's Band (late 1956), also did studio work including an appearance in the film St. Louis Blues. He was on tour with Cozy Cole's Band from November 1958 until March 1959. Following a spell in New Orleans Creole Jazz Band, he led his own band at Ben Pollack's Club before playing again with Louis Armstrong's All Stars from April 1960 until September 1961.", "American tenor and soprano saxophonist, born in Cincinnati, Frank moved to Detroit in 1949, and joined Count Basie's big band in 1953. From 1970 to 1972 he played with Elvin Jones, and in 1972 and 1975 with the Thad JonesMel Lewis big band. He was also an Artist in Residence at the New England Conservatory of Music in Boston in 1971. He also started teaching for the New York City Public School System in District 5, Harlem. From 1972 to 1976, Frank was full-time Assistant Professor in the Black Studies Program at the State College of New York at Buffalo. He also formed and lead several groups, most notably Living Color and The Loud Minority. He co-led a quintet with Frank Wess in 1983, and toured Europe as a member of Jimmy Smith's quintet in 1985. June 1986 saw him succeed Thad Jones as leader of the Count Basie Orchestra, receiving two Grammy Awards: first for his big band arrangement of the Diane Schuur composition \"Deedles Blues\"-Best Arrangement Accompanying a Vocal, Jazz category, 1987, and second for his arrangement of the renowned guitarist/vocalist George Bensons composition \"Basies Bag\"- Best Big Band Instrumental, Jazz category, 1988. He departed from the band in 1995, after which he resumed his leadership of three musical groups: The Non-Electric Company, a jazz quartet/quintet; Swing Plus - a 12-piece band; and The Loud Minority Big Band, an 18-piece concert jazz orchestra.", "At its peak in the early 1960s, the Brubeck Quartet was releasing as many as four albums a year. Apart from the \"College\" and the \"Time\" series, Brubeck recorded four LPs featuring his compositions based on the group's travels, and the local music they encountered. Jazz Impressions of the USA (1956, Morello's debut with the group), Jazz Impressions of Eurasia (1958), Jazz Impressions of Japan (1964), and Jazz Impressions of New York (1964) are less well-known albums, but all are brilliant examples of the quartet's studio work, and they produced Brubeck standards such as \"Summer Song\", \"Brandenburg Gate\", \"Koto Song\", and \"Theme From Mr. Broadway\". (Brubeck wrote, and the Quartet performed, the theme song for the Craig Stevens CBS drama series; the music from the series became material for the \"New York\" album.) In 1961, Brubeck appeared in a few scenes of the British jazz/beat film All Night Long, which starred Patrick McGoohan and Richard Attenborough. Brubeck merely plays himself, with the film featuring close-ups of his piano fingerings. Brubeck performs \"It's a Raggy Waltz\" from the Time Further Out album and duets briefly with bassist Charles Mingus in \"Non-Sectarian Blues\".", "Through steady changes in personnel, Basie led the band into the 1970s. Basie made a few more movie appearances, such as the Jerry Lewis film Cinderfella (1960) and theMel Brooks movie Blazing Saddles (1974), playing a revised arrangement of \"April in Paris\"." ]	[ 4.84375, 3.3984375, 2.6015625, -0.0300140380859375, -0.348876953125, -0.464599609375, -1.025390625, -1.16015625, -1.279296875, -2.26171875, -3.38671875, -3.708984375, -3.92578125, -4.69140625, -5.43359375, -5.63671875, -5.80859375, -5.8203125, -6.17578125, -6.421875, -6.65625, -6.88671875, -7.00390625, -7.27734375, -7.43359375, -7.56640625, -8.671875, -9.265625, -9.8046875, -9.921875, -10.1875, -10.53125 ]
How old was Macaulay Culkin when he was cast for his role in Home Alone?	[ "Macaulay Culkin perhaps the most iconic child star of his generation, was just 10 years old when Home Alone hit theaters back in 1990. Funnily enough, the kid who enjoyed \"a lovely cheese pizza, just for me\" back then still dabbles in that doughy stuff these days professionally—but we digress.", "Who doesn’t remember the classic 1990 film Home Alone, where eight-year-old Macaulay Culkin played the part of Kevin McCallister, a neglected kid left at home while his family fly to Paris for a Christmas vacation. The poor kid went through so much trauma, first from being left alone and secondly from having to fight off some pretty brutal home invaders.", "May 26, 2010 . Macaulay Culkin. Just nine years old when he landed the role of Kevin McCallister in 1990's Home Alone, that comedy's huge success (at the .", "Give your holiday a little laughter with Home Alone, the beloved comedy favorite featuring renowned composer John Williams’ charming and delightful score performed live to picture. Macaulay Culkin stars as Kevin McCallister, an 8-year-old boy who’s accidentally left behind when his family leaves for Christmas vacation, and who must defend his home against two bungling thieves. Home Alone is must-see hilarious holiday fun for the entire family!", "Macaulay Culkin turned a scream and an exaggerated expression into a blockbuster movie franchise when he starred in 1990's \"Home Alone\" at the age of 10. He went on to star in 1991's \"My Girl,\" but in recent years he has not been a huge fan of being on camera. In April 2013, he ripped into paparazzi in the United Kingdom for trying to take his photo.", "Cruises the Caribbean with eleven-year-old actor Macaulay Culkin. Culkin would later say that Michael befriended him after seeing him in Home Alone and wanted to mentor him because he knew what it was like to be a child star.", "Macaulay Carson Culkin (born August 26, 1980) is an American actor and musician. He became famous as a child actor for his role as Kevin McCallister in the family comedy Home Alone (1990) and its sequel Home Alone 2: Lost in New York (1992). He is also known for his roles in Uncle Buck (1989), My Girl (1991), The Good Son (1993), The Pagemaster (1994), Richie Rich (1994), Party Monster (2003), and the music video for Michael Jackson's \"Black or White\". At the height of his fame, he was regarded as the most successful child actor since Shirley Temple. Culkin ranked at number two on VH1's list of the \"100 Greatest Kid-Stars\" and E!'s list of the \"50 Greatest Child Stars\".", "Eventful Movies is your source for up-to-date Home Alone information, showtimes , . When bratty 8-year-old Kevin McCallister (Macaulay Culkin) acts out the night . We've listed and ranked the top 25 movie character names that sent reali.", "Home Alone (stylized as HOME ALONe) is a 1990 American Christmas comedy film written and produced by John Hughes and directed by Chris Columbus. The film stars Macaulay Culkin as Kevin McCallister, a boy who is mistakenly left behind when his family flies to Paris for their Christmas vacation. Kevin initially relishes being home alone, but soon has to contend with two would-be burglars played by Joe Pesci and Daniel Stern. The film also features Catherine O'Hara and John Heard as Kevin's parents.", "Macaulay Carson Culkin (born August 26, 1980) is an American actor. He is best known for portraying Kevin McCallister in Home Alone and the title character of Richie Rich. Early life Culkin was born in New York City, New York to Christopher 'Kit' Culkin and Patricia Brentup. He was the couple's third child of seven children and he has four brothers Shane (b. 1976), Kieran (b. 1982), Christian (b. 1987) and Rory (b. 1989), and two sisters Dakota (b. 1978) and Quinn (b. 1984). Culkin is the nephew of actress Bonnie Bedelia, who is the sister of Kit Culkin. During Culkin's early childhood, the family lived in a small apartment; his mother was a telephone operator and his father worked as a sacristan at a local Catholic church. His father was also a former stage actor with a long career...", "'I was just a kid!' Macaulay Culkin plays Home Alone's traumatised Kevin 25 years on in hilarious new web series DRYVRS", "shows an adult Kevin (played by Macauley Culkin) is actually traumatized from being left by himself for a week at age 8 and having to defend himself against psychopathic home invaders. He also ignores his mom's calls due a grudge against her for supposedly not caring about him and having became a groupie with a traveling polka band rather than try and save him (he apparently never heard the whole story mind you). He also seems to have pretty much become a sociopath as a result.", "Actor and musician Macaulay Culkin shot to fame in 1990 as the child star of blockbuster movie Home Alone. Since then, he's starred in Uncle Buck, My Girl and Richie Rich, as long as a 1998 video for the rock band Sonic Youth. Most recently, he's been touring with his pizza themed Velvet Underground tribute band, The Pizza Underground.", "By the age of 9, the young actor had nearly upstaged star John Candy in Uncle Buck (1989) (his deadpan interrogation of Candy was Buck's funniest scene). Then, in 1990, writer John Hughes turned his finished Home Alone (1990) script over to director Chris Columbus with a suggestion to consider Culkin for the lead. Though Macaulay was the first kid Columbus saw, he was skeptical about having him in the lead and saw over 200 other possible actors and he admitted that no one came as close to being as good as Culkin. By the callback interview, Mack had memorized two scenes, and Columbus was sure he found his \"Kevin McCallister\". The movie grossed more than $285 million in the US alone, becoming one of the highest grossing movies of all time and making Macaulay Culkin one of the biggest movie stars of the time.", "Home Alone is the highly successful and beloved family comedy about a young boy named Kevin (Macaulay Culkin) who is accidentally left behind when his family takes off for a vacation in France over the holiday season. Once he realizes they've left him \"home alone,\" he learns to fend for himself and, eventually has to protect his house against two bumbling burglars (Joe Pesci, Daniel Stern) who are planning to rob every house in Kevin's suburban Chicago neighborhood. Though the film's slapstick ending may be somewhat violent, Culkin's charming presence helped the film become one of the most successful ever at the time of its release.", "Macaulay Culkin Actor, Home Alone Macaulay Carson Culkin, one of the most famous American child stars, was born on August 26, 1980 in New York City, New York, USA, as the third of seven children of his father Christopher Culkin (a former stage and child actor and also Macaulay's former manager) and mother Patricia Brentrup . He is the brother of Shane Culkin ...", "It may be the only movie we remember Macaulay Culkin for but he's back, 25 years later, and it looks like it wasn't all fun and games for Kevin McCallister, the cute kid who was left \"Home Alone\" for Christmas.", "Macaulay Carson Culkin, one of the most famous American child stars, was born on August 26, 1980 in New York City, New York, USA, as the third of seven children of his father Christopher Culkin (a former stage and child actor and also Macaulay's former manager) and mother Patricia Brentrup . He is the brother of Shane Culkin , Dakota Culkin , Kieran ... See full bio »", "If you tried to describe the violent holiday classic ‘Home Alone’ to someone who had never seen it, they might wonder why it’s considered a “must watch” at Christmas time. Watching the precocious, sadistic Kevin McAllister (played by Macaulay Culkin) find new and unique ways to commit assault and battery against two hapless burglars doesn’t sound like something that would teach an impressionable child about why the holidays are important.", "Hughes wrote the massively influential and successful \"Home Alone\" (1990) for him, which crystallized Culkin as the star of the era. Its sequel (1992) as well as .", "Home Alone (Family Fun Edition) ~ Macaulay Culkin DVD . the first film's gimmick by stranding Macaulay Culkin's character in New York . It's one of the best movies he ever did, and for a while he was a house hold name in the early 90's.", "Kieran Culkin appeared as Macaulay Culkin's brother in Home Alone and its sequel, before going on to appear in Jean-Claude Van Damme's Nowhere To Run in 1993.", "Culkin was the third of seven children, five boys and two girls: Shane (born 1976), Dakota (1979–2008), Kieran (born 1982), Quinn (born 1984), Christian (born 1987), and Rory (born 1989). During Culkin's early childhood, the family lived in a small apartment; his mother was a telephone operator and his father worked as a sacristan at a local Catholic church. ", "His brother Kieran Culkin played his cousin in Home Alone (1990) and Home Alone 2: Lost in New York (1992).", "Macaulay Culkin Reprises His 'Home Alone' Role In YouTube Series - Hint: Kevin's Got Some Serious Trauma Issues", "On the set of Home Alone (1990), Culkin would jokingly direct the film for Chris Columbus .", "November 8, 2014: Actor Macaulay Culkin, star of Home Alone, commits suicide in Hollywood, California, amidst reports of severe drug abuse,...", "NEWS: Ryan Gosling wears Macaulay Culkin T-shirt; Home Alone star gets meta and wears the Gos wearing him", "Sep 12, 2012 . Macaulay Culkin may not be on drugs, but he is not doing so hot. . addict and said he was at death's door, reports say the Home Alone star is very depressed. . parties where guests are invited to come dressed as a movie character or dinosaur. . Name. Email. Comment. Avatar. Reply. richardblackston .", "May 23, 2013 . BEAT100 News - Macaulay Culkin no longer home alone! - The pair . He's always been a fan of extreme characters like Pete. Look at the way .", "It’s been 25 years since Macaulay Culkin’s character was left at home alone for Christmas when his family headed off to Paris without him. They actually did this twice to the poor kid and it seems his experiences have left some pretty terrible psychological scars.", "It’s almost two decades since Home Alone 2, so just what did happen to Macaulay Culkin and his brothers’ and sisters' careers?" ]	[ 6.5703125, 6.32421875, 6.12109375, 5.01953125, 4.8984375, 3.759765625, 3.490234375, 2.94921875, 2.240234375, 1.1162109375, 1.076171875, 0.37939453125, 0.0271453857421875, -0.85107421875, -0.87548828125, -1.2568359375, -2.421875, -2.908203125, -3.384765625, -4.1171875, -4.484375, -4.61328125, -5.015625, -5.1328125, -5.18359375, -5.63671875, -5.68359375, -6, -6.171875, -6.17578125, -6.24609375, -6.79296875 ]
In which 70s musical did Paul Michael Glaser star?	[ "Paul Michael Glaser (born March 25, 1943) is an American actor and director perhaps best known for his role as Detective David Starsky on the 1970s television series, Starsky & Hutch. Glaser also appeared as Captain Jack Steeper on the NBC series Third Watch from 2004 to 2005. ", "Paul Michael Glaser was born on March 25, 1943 in Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA as Paul Manfred Glaser. He is an actor and producer, known for Starsky and Hutch (1975), Something's Gotta Give (2003) and The Running Man (1987). He has been married to Tracy Barone since November 24, 1996. They have one child. He was previously married to Elizabeth Glaser .", "Image caption Paul Michael Glaser admits he will always be best known for his role as Starsky in Starsky and Hutch", "Paul Michael Glazer - Movie Actor most famous for his role in the TV series �Starsky & Hutch. Has appeared in Pantomime For First Family, as well as having a career as a pop singer.", "Starsky is played by Paul Michael Glaser, a still-young veteran of Broadway plays and soap operas. Possessing a Masters Degree in acting and directing, he has been in several movies and made many guest appearances in regular and special TV dramas. He is remembered as Perchik, Tevya's revolutionary son-in-law in \"Fiddler on the Roof.\"", "When I was Starsky, women were all over me. Now I'm happy alone: The startling transformation of Seventies TV hunk Paul Michael Glaser \| Daily Mail Online", "Movies and TV The duo both perform in the concert documentary Monterey Pop (1968), but both men attempted acting careers in the '70s, Garfunkel with fairly well-received dramatic turns in the films Catch-22 (1970) and the Jack Nicholson movie Carnal Knowledge (1971), Simon with an appearance in Woody Allen's classic Annie Hall (1977) and his own starring role in the flop musical One Trick Pony (1980)", "Jersey Boys is a jukebox musical with music by Bob Gaudio, lyrics by Bob Crewe, and book by Marshall Brickman and Rick Elice. It is presented in a documentary-style format that dramatizes the formation, success and eventual break-up of the 1960s rock 'n roll group The Four Seasons. The musical is structured as four \"seasons\", each narrated by a different member of the band who gives his own perspective on its history and music. Songs include \"Big Girls Don't Cry\", \"Sherry\", \"December 1963 (Oh, What A Night)\", \"My Eyes Adored You\", \"Stay\", \"Can't Take My Eyes Off You\", \"Working My Way Back to You\" and \"Rag Doll\", among others. The title refers to the fact that the members of The Four Seasons are from New Jersey.", ". 1972 movie \"Cabaret.\" He won another Oscar for adapting the musical score for \"All That Jazz,\" an Emmy for television's \"Baryshnikov on Broadway\" and a Tony in 1999 for the Broadway musical \"Fosse.\" His other film credits included \"Lenny,\" \"In The Mood,\" \"Urban Cowboy,\" \"Annie,\" \"My Favorite Year\" and \"The Muppets Take Manhattan.\" He also collaborated with Jule Styne on \"Funny Girl\" and Richard Rodgers on \"No Strings.\" The Massachusetts native, who took up piano as a child, was playing in dance bands in Boston when he was 12, graduating to jazz orchestras by his teens. He worked with Herman band's for 15 years as both a writer and piano player, composing some of the group's biggest hits. Among them were \"Apple Honey,\" \"Bijou\" and the three-part \"Summer Sequence.\" \"Early Autumn,\" written later as a fourth movement for \"Summer Sequence,\" became a hit with singers after Johnny Mercer supplied words for it. Later, Burns worked in the studio with such popular singers as Tony Bennett , Johnny Mathis , Ray Charles , Aretha Franklin and Natalie Cole .", "Jersey Boys is a 2005 jukebox musical with music by Bob Gaudio, lyrics by Bob Crewe, and book by Marshall Brickman and Rick Elice. It is presented in a documentary-style format that dramatizes the formation, success and eventual break-up of the 1960s rock 'n roll group The Four Seasons. The musical is structured as four \"seasons\", each narrated by a different member of the band who gives his own perspective on its history and music. Songs include \"Big Girls Don't Cry\", \"Sherry\", \"December 1963 (Oh, What A Night)\", \"My Eyes Adored You\", \"Stay\", \"Can't Take My Eyes Off You\", \"Working My Way Back to You\" and \"Rag Doll\", among others. The title refers to the fact that the members of The Four Seasons are from New Jersey.", "He also returned to his stage roots, albeit on TV: He co-starred with Lauren Bacall in the TV version of the hit Broadway musical Applause (1973).", "The musical opened off-Broadway at the Eden Theatre on June 21, 1969, transferred to the Belasco Theatre on February 17, 1971, and closed on August 12, 1972 after a total of 1,314 performances. It was directed by Jacques Levy (later the songwriting partner of Bob Dylan on his album Desire ) and choreographed by Margo Sappington . The cast included Raina Barrett, Mark Dempsey, Katie Drew-Wilkinson, Boni Enten, Bill Macy , Alan Rachins , Leon Russom , Margo Sappington , Nancy Tribush and George Welbes, [2] as well as the 3 \"Open Window\" composers.", "The musical premiered in London on July 27, 1970 at The Roundhouse , and transferred to the West End Royalty Theatre on September 30, 1970, running through January 27, 1974. The show then transferred to the Duchess Theatre on January 28, 1974, where it ran until 1980, for a total of 3,918 performances. [3] [4] [5] The London show was produced by Michael White . [6] [7]", "Grease is a 1971 musical by Jim Jacobs and Warren Casey with additional songs written by John Farrar. Named after the 1950s United States working-class youth subculture known as greasers, the musical is set in 1959 at fictional Rydell High School (based on William Howard Taft School in Chicago, Illinois) ) and follows ten working-class teenagers as they navigate the complexities of peer pressure, politics, personal core values, and love. The score attempts to recreate the sounds of early rock and roll. In its original production in Chicago, Grease was a raunchy, raw, aggressive, vulgar show. Subsequent productions sanitized it and tamed it down. The show mentions social issues such as teenage pregnancy, peer pressure and gang violence; its themes include love, friendship, teenage rebellion, sexual exploration during adolescence, and, to some extent, class consciousness/class conflict.", "The show won a number of awards: Tony Award for Best Performance by a Featured Actor in a Musical—Henderson Forsythe (1979); Tony Award for Best Performance by a Featured Actress in a Musical—Carlin Glynn (1979); Theatre World Award—Carlin Glynn (1978–79); Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Director of a Musical—Peter Masterson and Tommy Tune (1978); Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Lyrics—Carol Hall (1978); and Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Music—Carol Hall (1978). The “Aggie Song\" was performed on the Tony Awards broadcast but was heavily censored because of the saucy nature of the lyrics and choreography.", "Along with Paul Simon , Taylor was a featured singer on Art Garfunkel 's cover of \"(What A) Wonderful World,\" previously a hit for Sam Cooke and Herman's Hermits, which peaked in the Top 20 in March 1978. Taylor next became involved with the Broadway musical Working, based on Studs Terkel's bestseller, writing three songs for it. The show ran a scant 25 performances after opening on May 14, 1978, but Taylor reclaimed \"Millworker\" and \"Brother Trucker\" for his next album. Meanwhile, his duet with Carly Simon on a revival of the Everly Brothers ' \"Devoted to You\" peaked in the Top 40 in September.", "A Chorus Line (1975) is a Pulitzer Prize-winning musical about a group of young actors and actresses struggling to make it on Broadway. The play depicts the other side of Broadway—the sacrifices and hardships people endure to make it on the stage. It is also blessed with a wonderful score. It was conceived and choreographed by Michael Bennett; lyrics were written by Edward Kleban, and the music was created by Marvin Hamlisch. It played for over fifteen years on Broadway.", "Astaire continued to act in the 1970s, appearing on television as the father of Robert Wagner's character, Alexander Mundy, in It Takes a Thief and in such films as The Towering Inferno (1974), in which he danced with Jennifer Jones and for which he received his only Academy Award nomination, in the category of Best Supporting Actor. He voiced the mailman narrator in the 1970s animated television specials Santa Claus Is Comin' to Town and The Easter Bunny Is Comin' to Town. Astaire also appeared in the first two That's Entertainment! documentaries, in the mid 1970s. In the second, aged seventy-six, he performed song-and-dance routines with Kelly, his last dance performances in a musical film. In the summer of 1975, he made three albums in London, Attitude Dancing, They Can't Take These Away From Me, and A Couple of Song and Dance Men, the last an album of duets with Bing Crosby. In 1976, Astaire played a supporting role, as a dog owner, in the cult movie The Amazing Dobermans, co-starring Barbara Eden and James Franciscus. Fred Astaire played Dr. Seamus Scully in the French film The Purple Taxi (1977).", "Hairspray is a 2007 American musical film produced by Zadan/Meron Productions and distributed by New Line Cinema. It was released in the United States, Canada, and the United Kingdom on July 20, 2007. The film is an adaptation of the 2002 Broadway musical of the same name, and loosely based from John Waters's 1988 comedy film of the same name. Set in 1962 Baltimore , Maryland , the film follows the \"pleasantly plump\" teenager Tracy Turnblad as she simultaneously pursues stardom as a dancer on a local TV show and rallies against racial segregation.", "Based on the classic movie musical starring Frank Sinatra, Grace Kelly and Bing Crosby is this hit Broadway musical. Great Cole Porter Songs like: I Love Paris * Samantha * It's All Right with Me * Let's Misbehave * Little One * Ridin' High * True Love * Well, Did You Evah? * Who Wants to Be a Millionaire * Your'e Sensational. Includes archive photographs from the original source movie \"The Philadelphia Story\" starring Katherine Hepburn, as well as the remake \"High Society\" starring Grace Kelly.", "Hey Boy! Hey Girl! (1959)ï¿½ Louis Prima, Keely Smith, James Gregory, Henry Slate, Kim Charney, Barbara Heller, Asa Maynor, Sam Butera and the Witnesses. So-so musical about Keely joining Primaï¿½s band. Prima and Keely were a hot singing team in the late 50s, early 60s. The film features some good music with Prima and Smith backed by Sam Butera and Witnesses. Songs include: \"Oh Marie\", \"Autumn Leaves\", \"Hey Boy, Hey Girl\", \"Lazy River\", \"When the Saints Go Marching In\", \"Fever\", \"Nitey Night\", \"A Banana Split for My Baby\", \"You Are My Love.\" Rather than rent the movie, buy a CD: \"Capitol Collectors Series: Louis Prima.\"", "The original Broadway production opened at the Alvin Theatre on April 21, 1977 and starred Andrea McArdle as Annie, Reid Shelton as Daddy Warbucks, Dorothy Loudon as Miss Hannigan, and Sandy Faison as Grace Farrell. Danielle Brisebois was one of the orphans. It was nominated for 11 Tony Awards and won 7, including Best Musical, Best Score, and Best Book. Replacements in the title role on Broadway included then-child actors Shelly Bruce, Sarah Jessica Parker, Allison Smith and Alyson Kirk. Replacements in the role of Miss Hannigan included Alice Ghostly, Dolores Wilson, Betty Hutton, Marcia Lewis, and June Havoc.", "Mr. Martin wrote the music and lyrics for five Broadway musicals: “Best Foot Forward” (1941, with Mr. Blane), “Look Ma, I’m Dancin’!” (1948), “Make a Wish” (1951). “High Spirits” (1964, on which he collaborated with Timothy Gray on book, music and lyrics) and the 1989 stage version of “Meet Me in St. Louis,” for which he wrote new songs.", "Starlight Express is a musical by Andrew Lloyd Weber that was first conceived in 1973 as an idea to pase an animated television series on the children's book, \"The Little Engine That Could\". The musical is performed by a cast wearing quad roller skates during the entire production.", "The Broadway hit show of 1960 was adapted for the screen by Irving Brecher and directed by George Sidney. It was the first Broadway musical to include rock songs.", "In a 1970 revival at the Helen Hayes Theatre, the cast included Roberta Maxwell as Sorel, Sam Waterston as Simon, Sudie Bond as Clara, Shirley Booth as Judith, John Williams as David, John Tillinger as Sandy, Marian Mercer as Myra, Michael McGuire as Richard, and Carole Shelley as Jackie.", "The musical premiered Off-Off-Broadway in 1982 before moving to the Orpheum Theatre Off-Broadway, where it had a five-year run. It later received numerous productions in the U.S. and abroad, and a subsequent Broadway production. Because of its small cast and relatively simple orchestrations, it has become popular with community theatre, school and other amateur groups. The musical was also made into a 1986 film of the same name, directed by Frank Oz.", "* June 26, 1975, at the Circle in the Square Theatre, running for 71 performances. George C. Scott starred as Willy.", "Note: the musical revue was in the form of sketches. These are taken from the 1971 production shown on pay-per-view. Lyrics and music by Robert Dennis, Peter Schickele and Stanley Walden (unless otherwise noted).", "The Toronto production provided the first regular acting jobs for several notable performers, including Victor Garber, Eugene Levy, Andrea Martin, Gilda Radner, Dave Thomas, and Martin Short, and the show's musical director Paul Shaffer. Howard Shore played saxophone for this production.", "This is great CD of a Great Broadway Show. It was made into a movie to feature Frank Sinatra which was not as good as the Broadway version.", "The production features the classic music and lyrics of Cole Porter and book by Arthur Kopit. The cast includes Grace Gonglewski as Margaret Lord, Alex Gwynn and Cambria Klein as Dinah Lord, Megan Nicole Arnoldy as Tracy Lord, Dan Schiff as Uncle Willie, Paul Schaefer as Dexter Haven, Ben Dibble as Mike Connor, Jenny Lee Stern as Liz Imbrie, Jon Reinhold as George Kittredge, and Dan Olmstead as Seth Lord. Frank Anzalone directs." ]	[ 5.62890625, 5.28515625, 2.7890625, 1.9658203125, 1.57421875, -1.77734375, -2.591796875, -3.26953125, -3.705078125, -3.70703125, -4.07421875, -4.453125, -4.6640625, -4.71484375, -5.30859375, -5.5859375, -5.58984375, -5.75390625, -5.84375, -5.890625, -6.08203125, -6.578125, -6.7578125, -6.78515625, -6.8046875, -7.6796875, -7.8671875, -8.5390625, -8.6875, -9.171875, -9.203125, -9.3046875 ]
"In Private ""Benjamin, what is the name of ""Benjamin's captain?"	[ "Captain Benjamin Franklin Pierce : [Charles appears to drink from a bottle of hair tonic] Charles, stop! You're drinking your hair!", "At age 17, Benjamin is much younger and stronger. He leaves New Orleans for life aboard a tugboat that is piloted by Mike (Jared Harris), a colorful character with tattoos and a love of liquor. He travels to many cities and in Murmansk encounters Elizabeth (Tilda Swinton), who is intrigued by his mysteriousness. Although married, she begins a brief affair with Benjamin and introduces him to the pleasures of caviar, night-time dialogue, and sex. Benjamin also tastes the rush of adrenalin in war when he and the tugboat crew take on a Nazi U-boat that has just sunk a troop transport in World War II. Many of his shipmates are killed in the clash.", "In the novella, the contrast between Nelson's auratic authority and the restrained and careful Captain Vere is striking. Vere was an excellent captain, \"thoroughly versed in the science of his profession, and intrepid to the verge of temerity, though never injudiciously so.\" 23 But he was also \"the most undemonstrative of men,\" whom \"scarce anyone would have taken\" for a sailor while ashore. He was thoughtful, bookish, and \"would be as apt to cite some historic character or incident of antiquity as he would be to cite from the moderns\" in conversation with his officers. 24 Vere's characteristics as a thoughtful, somewhat distant man accused of having a \"queer streak of the pedantic running through him\" 25 distinguish him from the flamboyant and charismatic Nelson. Strikingly, in the chapter that introduces him, Vere too is related to a poem. Where Nelson's sentiments, which he demonstrated in action, were embodied and praised in verse, Vere was fortuitously connected to an already existing poem, Andrew Marvell's \"Upon Appleton House,\" by a \"freehearted kinsman\" who had only rediscovered the work the day before. The lines cited in the chapter are", "A habitual drunkard, the Captain terrorizes the customers of the Benbow with his swearing, singing and general bullying. Yet he begins to attract customers by his very notoriety and earns some admiration from locals who consider him a \"real old salt\". The winter after his arrival the Captain is visited by Black Dog, a villainous-looking man with two fingers missing from his hand. There is a noisy argument between the two which turns into a lively sword fight and the Captain drives off a wounded Black Dog. As soon as the unwelcome visitor is gone, the Captain suffers a stroke. He is tended to by Dr. Livesey who discovers the real name of the Captain to be Billy Bones when his arm is bared as a prelude to a surgical bloodletting and finds the name tattooed there.", "Captain George Brent (Paul Chapman) - Captain Brent is the most nervous and least confident of the officers, but is capable of having brilliant ideas. He is unfortunately known for the number of times he has bungled escapes or ruined others' chances at escape. He has insomnia, and often worries about the future, generally having a pessimistic outlook on his captivity. However, he has occasionally been extraordinarily brave, such as in the episode \"Ghosts\" where he remained holed up in dreadful conditions, voluntarily, for several weeks. He is usually portrayed wearing a cricket sweater like the real life Rupert Barry ", "The duty-obsessed, brutal base commander, Captain Dana Holmes (Philip Ober) speaks to Prewitt about his transfer, learning that it was because of \"a personal matter.\" Career soldier First Sergeant Milton Warden (Burt Lancaster) realizes that the new soldier was demoted from corporal to \"buck private\":", "Edward Teach (c. 1680 – 22 November 1718), better known as Blackbeard, was a notorious English pirate who operated around the West Indies and the eastern coast of the American colonies. Although little is known about his early life, he was likely born in Bristol, England. He may have been a sailor on privateer ships during Queen Anne's War before settling on the Bahamian island of New Providence, a base for Captain Benjamin Hornigold, whose crew Teach joined sometime around 1716. Hornigold placed him in command of a sloop he had captured, and the two engaged in numerous acts of piracy. Their numbers were boosted by the addition to their fleet of two more ships, one of which was commanded by Stede Bonnet, but toward the end of 1717 Hornigold retired from piracy, taking two vessels with him.", "Meanwhile, Sir Anthony and Captain Absolute visit Mrs Malaprop and Lydia. When Lydia discovers that Ensign Beverley and Captain Absolute are the same person, she is disappointed that there will be no romantic elopement after all, and renounces her lover forever. Captain Absolute storms off and agrees to fight Sir Lucius; he engages Faulkland as his second. Faulkland conceives a plan for testing the love of Julia once and for all. He tells her that he has become involved in a fight and must now flee the country. She remains loyal and resolves to go with him; he then reveals that he has been testing her, and she renounces him. Faulkland storms off to join Captain Absolute.", " Jean-Claude Hoffmann as Benjamin: A red haired sailor who serves as a diving planes operator.", "Jean-Claude Hoffmann as Benjamin: A red haired sailor who serves as a diving planes operator and watch officer.", "Christopher Plummer as Captain Georg von Trapp, a veteran Austrian navy captain whose wife died, leaving behind their seven children. He applies his military background in raising them according to strict naval discipline, but his attitude to the children and Maria softens considerably after she reintroduces music in the family. Plummer's singing voice was dubbed by Bill Lee.", "Blackbeard started his piracy career while serving under the legendary Benjamin Hornigold. He wasn’t “Blackbeard” then: he was just one more pirate out of many. Hornigold saw potential in young Edward Teach and promoted him. Eventually, he gave Teach his own command as captain of a captured ship. The two were very successful while they worked together. Hornigold eventually accepted a pardon and Blackbeard set out on his own.", "Private Frank Pike ( Ian Lavender )—a cosseted mother’s boy, constantly wearing a thick scarf with his uniform to prevent illness, and often the target of Mainwaring’s derision (\"Stupid boy!\"). He also works under Mainwaring in his day-job as assistant bank clerk.", "According to the (non-canon) novel Capt. Hook: The Adventures of a Notorious Youth, Captain Hook was the illegitimate son of a nobleman, \"Lord B\", and an unnamed woman Hook has never met (implied to be the Queen). Denounced by Lord B., James Matthew is reared by a Shakespearean actress he calls Aunt Emily, and unwillingly attends Eton College as an Oppidan scholar, where he is an avid reader of Shakespeare and Shelley, and his motto is \"Knowledge is Power\". He describes many things as first rate - \"Topping Swank\", and he punctuates his sentences with \"The End\". He is very interested in the French Revolution.", "Mark Gatiss' Colonel Theakes is then seen issuing orders to Mainwaring as he informs him there's 'an enemy spy operating in the area.' Blake Harrison, from The Inbetweeners, as Private Pike is then seen dropping a classic Pike one-liner as he declares: 'I'll catch him sir, what does he look like?' only for his comrades to hit back with the famous put-down: 'Stupid boy.'", "George's incarnation as Lieutenant The Honourable George Colthurst St. Barleigh MC, in Blackadder Goes Forth, is a frontline officer – strongly reminiscent in both manner and personality of Bertie Wooster (as whom Laurie would later go on to appear) – who joined the army on the first day of World War I, along with nine other students at Cambridge University. The ten men named themselves the Trinity College tiddlywinks, or the \"Trinity Tiddlers\". It is revealed later, in the fourth series' finale, that George is the only surviving member of the group. Although he lacks any kind of skill, competence, or authority as an officer, his upper-class status and educational background meant he went straight into the commissioned ranks upon enlisting. George is shown to have a special friendship with General Melchett (Fry), an old family friend with whom he shares his public school \"tally-ho\" attitude towards the war. Melchett even offers George a way out of the trenches for the \"final push\", which he refuses, much to Blackadder's incredulity. Although George is shown to have benefited from his background of privilege he still remains a generally kind and hopeful individual, and shortly before the big push at the end of the final episode George finally expresses some genuine fear and sadness that he may indeed die.", "Years earlier, on board HMS Indomitable, a British man-of-war, during the French wars of 1797, sailors are at work. A boarding party returns from a passing merchant ship, the Rights o’ Man, with three men impressed for naval service. John Claggart, Master-at-Arms, interviews them but only the last, Billy Budd, pleases the officers, despite his stammer. But his impassioned farewell to the Rights o’ Man is misunderstood as a revolutionary declaration, and Claggart, responsible for discipline, is told to watch Billy. He sets his corporal, Squeak, to harass Billy. A Novice returns from a flogging, and Donald and Dansker caution the new recruits that no one escapes punishment. They warn against Claggart while declaring their devotion to Vere.", "He also gained acclaim for his portrayal of William Bush in the final four instalments of the ITV/A&E television series Hornblower, based on the Horatio Hornblower books by C.S. Forrester. He initially appears in the 2001 episode \"Mutiny\", with Bush being the 2nd Lieutenant of HMS Renown (and Hornblower's superior). In the 7th episode, \"Loyalty\", he agrees to join Hornblower as his 1st Lieutenant when Hornblower takes command of HMS Hotspur. McGann again portrays Bush in the 2003 finale of the series, \"Duty\". ", "Villainous Breakdown : He's usually very calm and enthusiastic in his evil games, but when Horatio informs him that Lt. Eccleston gave him a command of the Papillon, he loses his cool and throws a tantrum, insisting that he is the superior midshipman while stamping his foot. The crew follow Horatio's orders.", "SIR JOSEPH. Then I am to understand that Captain Corcoran and Ralph were exchanged in childhood's happy hour – that Ralph is really the Captain, and the Captain is Ralph?", "* Jack Gwillim as Captain Edward Parry, HMS Achilles (Gwillim served 20 years in the Royal Navy, rising to the rank of Commander)", "Captain Frederick Wentworth — A naval officer who was briefly engaged to Anne some years ago. At the time, he had no fortune and uncertain prospects, but owing to his achievements in the Napoleonic Wars, he advanced in rank and in fortunes. He is one of two brothers of Sophia Croft. He gained his step to post Captain, and gained wealth amounting to about £25,000 from prize money awarded for capturing enemy vessels. He is an eminently eligible bachelor. ", "Myles Standish is alleged to have joined Queen Elizabeth's army and attained the rank of Lieutenant, but the documentation for this claim was lost in the 1920s without having been published or transcribed, so may be suspect. In any case, Standish was certainly a part of Queen Elizabeth's army, and was stationed for a time in Holland where he eventually met and became well acquainted with John Robinson and the Pilgrims who were living in Leiden. Standish was hired by the Pilgrims to be their military captain, to establish and coordinate the Colony's defense against both foreign (French, Spanish, Dutch) and domestic (Native American) threats.", "The Duke of Marlborough carries the informal title of “The Great Captain”. To his soldiers, of whose care he was constantly solicitous, he was known simply as “Corporal John.”", "Dudley Pope, Ramage at Trafalgar (1986), about a British naval captain who takes part in the Battle of Trafalgar; #16 in the Ramage series.", "Blackbeard. Whilst not a certainty, is seems likely that the infamous pirate Blackbeard ï¿½ real name Edward Teach - was born in Bristol. The black haired and bearded pirate plundered ships in the Americas and the Caribbean. It may be that mythology and folklore have added to and enhanced his exploits, for many see Blackbeard as a model pirate...", "John Parker . George Stimpson, A Book About American History (1950), p. 109. Captain Parker said this to his Minutemen troops at Lexington, Massachusetts, on April 19, 1775, as they prepared to meet the British in battle. Inscription on a marker at Lexington green.", "Edward Teach (nicknamed Blackbeard and also mentioned as “Edward Thatch” or “Thack” or “Theach” or “Thatche”) was presumed to be born in Bristol, England. His name has also been mentioned as Edward Drummond, but he always introduced himself as Edward Teach. ", "On June 10, 1783 General Washington presented a third Badge of Military Merit to Sergeant Daniel Bissell, Jr. A year earlier General Washington had ordered the Connecticut sergeant to pose as a deserter, acting as a spy among the British troops in New York. From August 14 to September 29 the brave patriot had repeatedly risked his life to provide valuable information on enemy strength and movement.", "During the American Revolution, Flushing, along with most settlements in present-day Queens County, favored the British and quartered British troops, though one battalion of Scottish Highlanders is known to have been stationed at Flushing during the war. Following the Battle of Long Island, Nathan Hale, an officer in the Continental Army, was apprehended near Flushing Bay while on what was probably an intelligence gathering mission and was later hanged.", "In 1756, Franklin organized the Pennsylvania Militia (see \"Associated Regiment of Philadelphia\" under heading of Pennsylvania's 103rd Artillery and 111th Infantry Regiment at Continental Army). He used Tun Tavern as a gathering place to recruit a regiment of soldiers to go into battle against the Native American uprisings that beset the American colonies. Reportedly Franklin was elected \"Colonel\" of the Associated Regiment but declined the honor.", "In 1756, Franklin organized the Pennsylvania Militia (see \"Associated Regiment of Philadelphia\" under heading of Pennsylvania's 103rd Artillery and 111th Infantry Regiment at Continental Army). He used Tun Tavern as a gathering place to recruit a regiment of soldiers to go into battle against the Native American uprisings that beset the American colonies. {Reportedly Franklin was elected \"Colonel\" of the Associated Regiment but declined the honor}." ]	[ -0.118408203125, -1.11328125, -2.263671875, -2.50390625, -2.625, -2.919921875, -3.109375, -3.6796875, -3.748046875, -3.984375, -4.42578125, -4.43359375, -4.8515625, -4.85546875, -4.90234375, -5.015625, -5.1484375, -5.7109375, -5.8359375, -5.95703125, -6.30859375, -6.34375, -6.390625, -6.65625, -6.734375, -6.921875, -7.2734375, -8.015625, -8.3984375, -8.59375, -9.078125, -9.28125 ]
How many different hats does Madonna wear in Evita?	[ "The film earned Madonna a Guinness World Record title, \"Most costume changes in a film\". In Evita, Madonna changes costumes 85 times (which included 39 hats, 45 pairs of shoes, and 56 pairs of earrings). The record was previously held by Elizabeth Taylor for the 1963 film Cleopatra (65 costume changes).", "The film earned Elizabeth Taylor a Guinness World Record title, \"Most costume changes in a film\"; Taylor made 65 costume changes. This record was beaten in 1996 in the film Evita by Madonna with 85 costume changes.", "The song lyrics in Don’t Cry For Me Argentina are openly critical of Eva and her penchant for designer clothes and jewellery with lyrics such as: “All you will see is a girl you once knew. Although she’s dressed up to the nines. At sixes and sevens with you.” Parker’s production is extremely lavish with Madonna holding the record for the most costume changes in a movie – an estimated 85 times (including 39 hats, 45 pairs of shoes and 56 pairs of earrings).", "The fifth and final segment includes the two encores to the show; \" Holiday \", with Madonna in 1970s polka-dots and ruffles singing a sample from \"Do the Bus Stop\" and \" Keep It Together \" inspired by the work of Bob Fosse with Madonna dressed in bowler hat and performing chair-juggling. The \"Keep It Together\" routine was also inspired by the film A Clockwork Orange and found Madonna speaking with a cockney accent. The show finale has Madonna singing \"Keep it together, Keep people together, forever and ever\" over and over, finishing with her removing her hat and the spotlight zooming on to it.", "The tour was divided into five segments, namely Cyber-Punk, Geisha, Cowgirl, Spanish and Ghetto. Each segment represented a phase of Madonna's career. Madonna's publicist Liz rosenberg announced that the tour was designed as the grandest spectacle amongst all the other Madonna tours. Designer Jean-Paul Gaultier was signed up to create the costumes for the tour. He came up with the concept of creating the costumes of the tour as a fusion of punk and Scottish fashions. Other costumes designed by Gaultier had geisha, cowboy and Spanish themes in them. Other designers associated with the tour included Dean and Dan Caten, creaters of the DSquared2 fashion line. The dresses developed included a torn shirt and zippered black pants, indicating the early days of her career, and leather chapped jeans and ghetto fabulous costumes, indicating the phase of her career at that point of time. Black wigs and white makeup would demonstrate the Ray of Light and the geisha themes. A hybrid of clothes from the music video of the Madonna song \"La Isla Bonita\" (1987) and the 1996 Madonna starring musical Evita were also created. The setlist for the show consisted mainly of songs from the last two studio albums Ray of Light and Music. Among her pre-1990s hits, only \"Holiday\" and \"La Isla Bonita\" were added to the set list. Dave Kob, FOH engineer for the tour, commented that,", "The fifth and final segment includes the two encores to the show; \"Holiday\", with Madonna in 1970s polka-dots and ruffles singing a sample from \"Do the Bus Stop\" and \"Keep It Together\" inspired by the work of Bob Fosse with Madonna dressed in bowler hat and performing chair-juggling. The \"Keep It Together\" routine was also inspired by the film A Clockwork Orange and found Madonna speaking with a cockney accent. The show finale has Madonna singing \"Keep it together, Keep people together, forever and ever\" over and over, finishing with her removing her hat and the spotlight zooming on to it.", "In Evita (1996), Madonna played the title role of Eva Perón. For a long time, Madonna had desired to play Perón and wrote to director Alan Parker to explain why she would be perfect for the part. She said later, \"This is the role I was born to play. I put everything of me into this because it was much more than a role in a movie. It was exhilarating and intimidating at the same time..... And I am prouder of Evita than anything else I have done.\" After securing the role, she had vocal training and learned about the history of Argentina and Perón. During shooting she became ill several times due to the intense emotional effort required. However, as she told Oprah, she was also pregnant during the filming: \"I was winded after every take. I had to lie on the couch every ten minutes so I could recover from dizzy spells, I was worried that I was shaking the baby around too much and that would injure it in some way.\"Madonna on Oprah, December 13, 1996, American Broadcasting Company, 15:56 in. Madonna wrote in her personal diary at the time: \"Ironically, this feeling of vulnerability and weakness is helping me in the movie. I'm sure Evita felt this way every day of her life once she discovered she was ill.\" ", "Disney controls the products that are associated with the movies of their subsidiaries. In Evita�s case they are marketing hats and other items, as just one more of Disney�s countless artificially generated consumerism campaigns. In Ruth Stein�s interview of Madonna, Madonna appeared bored with plugging Disney�s consumer products.", "The original London production of Evita opened in 1978 after an initial concept album two years previously. Having also proved a success on Broadway the show has seen other revivals in the West End in 2006 and a recent Broadway revival in 2012. The piece gained a wider global saturation with a 1996 movie version starring pop megastar Madonna in the title role and Spanish actor Antonio Banderas which was widely acclaimed and led to wins at both the Golden Globes and the Oscars.", "The song was of course immortalized in the hit musical Evita by Andrew Lloyd Webber (1976), and later turned into the movie starring Madonna and co-written by Alan Parker, Oliver Stone, Lloyd Webber and Tim Rice. Not long after Parker’s movie came out in 1996, Argentine director Juan Carlos Desanzo released his own film biography of Evita called Eva Perón: The True Story. The two film portrayals of Eva are so contrasting, it’s as if they depict two different characters. So which version of Evita is the most accurate?", "In 1992, Madonna founded his own label, music, publishing and producer… While his films, how 1990 “New year’s Eve in foreign beds” or “a class apart”, had less success, became international pop diva. In 1992, it was left to the “body of evidence” and 1995 for the “Four quarters” front of the camera. For the lead role in the musical “Evita”, in which she played Argentina Evita Peron, Madonna managed to win in 1996, the “Golden Globe” award.", "Madonna's popularity was further enhanced by her film roles, including Desperately Seeking Susan (1985), Dick Tracy (1990), and Evita (1996); the latter earned her a Golden Globe Award for Best Actress. However, most of her other films have been panned by critics. Her other ventures include fashion design, writing children's books, and filmmaking. She has been acclaimed as a businesswoman, particularly after she founded entertainment company Maverick (including the label Maverick Records). In 2007 she signed an unprecedented US $120 million 360 deal with Live Nation, which led to a record deal with Interscope Records.", "Madonna's popularity was further enhanced by her critically successful role in film Desperately Seeking Susan (1985). However, most of her film appearances received harsh feedback. She garnered critical acclaim and a Golden Globe Award for Best Actress in Motion Picture Musical or Comedy for Evita (1996). Her other ventures include: fashion design, writing children's books, and film directing and producing. She has been acclaimed as a businesswoman, most notably after she founded entertainment company Maverick (including the label Maverick Records) in 1992 as a joint venture with Time Warner. In 2007, she signed an unprecedented US $120 million 360 deal with Live Nation.", "Beginning in 1995, Madonna began one of her most subtle image makeovers as she lobbied for the title role in the film adaptation of Andrew Lloyd Webber's Evita. Backing away from the overt sexuality of Erotica and Bedtime Stories, Madonna recast herself as an upscale sophisticate, and the compilation Something to Remember fit into the plan nicely. Released in the fall of 1995, around the same time she won the coveted role of Evita Peron, the album was comprised entirely of ballads, designed to appeal to the mature audience that would also be the target of Evita. As the filming was completed, Madonna announced she was pregnant and her daughter, Lourdes, was born late in 1996, just as Evita was scheduled for release. The movie was greeted with generally positive reviews and Madonna began a campaign for an Oscar nomination that resulted in her winning the Golden Globe for Best Actress (Musical or Comedy), but not the coveted Academy Award nomination. The soundtrack for Evita, however, was a modest hit, with a dance remix of \"Don't Cry for Me Argentina\" and the newly written \"You Must Love Me\" both becoming hits.", "1997: Madonna wins the Best Actress award for her role in \"Evita\" at the Golden Globe Awards.", "The memory and popularity of the Peróns, (especially Eva), remained long after their deaths. In the presidential election of 1989, a Perónist candidate, Carlos Saul Menem, won. In January of 1997, Eva's life story was told in Evita, a motion picture featuring an international cast portraying the life of Eva and Juan Perón. Evita featured American actress, Madonna as Eva Perón and British actor, Jonathan Pryce as Juan Perón.", "Singer - actress Madonna arrives for a news conference Tuesday, Feb.6, 1996, on the arm of British director Alan Parker in a Buenos Aires hotel. Madonna is preparing for Parker's next film, \"Evita.\" Many Argentines have complained that Madonna, famed for her sexy stage antics, is unfit to play the part of former first lady Eva Peron, whom many Argentines consider a saint.(AP Photo/Daniel Muzio) <%% 0 PICTURE_OK HEADER_OK 0 4 %%>", "Within the show, Madonna continued to influence the fashion world in her most shocking and expensive way. She popularized the idea of wearing underwear as outerwear and has since been associated with the pink satin conical bra designed by Jean-Paul Gaultier. She also wore a long blonde ponytail hairpiece for the Japanese and North American legs of the tour. The ponytail was based on a Tressy Tessy doll Madonna had played with as a child, and she decided to use it as she felt it added a feminine playfulness and contrast to the hard fashions she was wearing. After the US leg of the tour ended, Madonna stopped wearing the ponytail on stage as it was reportedly causing her hair to break off.", "Madonna said of the experience, \"This is the role I was born to play. I put everything of me into this because it was much more than a role in a movie. It was exhilarating and intimidating at the same time ... And I am prouder of Evita than anything else I have done.\" ", "Theatre meets film: The famed producer (left) worked on the 1996 movie version of Evita, starring Madonna and Antonio Bandares (centre)", "Director, Alan Parker. Cast: Madonna, Antonio Banderas, Jonathan Pryce, Jimmy Nail. Based on the musical play with music by Andrew Lloyd Lyrics, Tim Rice: music, Andrew Lloyd Webber. Webber, presents the true-life story of Eva Peron, who rose above childhood poverty and a scandalous past to achieve fortune and fame as the wife of the Argentinian president. 135 min. DVD 2675", "Madonna's initial music videos reflected her American and Hispanic mixed street style combined with a flamboyant glamor. She was able to transmit her avant-garde downtown New York fashion sense to the American audience. The imagery and incorporation of Hispanic culture and Catholic symbolism continued with the music videos from the True Blue era. Author Douglas Kellner noted, \"such 'multiculturalism' and her culturally transgressive moves turned out to be highly successful moves that endeared her to large and varied youth audiences.\" Madonna's Spanish look in the videos became the fashion trend of that time, in the form of boleros and layered skirts, accessorizing with rosary beads and a crucifix as in the video of \"La Isla Bonita\". ", "In the dance sequence \"Elegance\", Irene Molloy puts a top hat over the feather already on her head. In subsequent shots, the amount of exposed feather changes between shots. See more »", "14. She popularised Argentinian politics. Before Madonna played Eva Peron, not many really knew much about Argentina's General Peron.", "To allow for greater movement while dancing and singing, Madonna was one of the earliest adopters of hands-free radio-frequency headset microphones, with the headset fastened over the ears or the top of the head, and the microphone capsule on a boom arm that extended to the mouth. Because of her prominent usage, the microphone design came to be known as the \"Madonna mic\". Metz noted that Madonna represents a paradox as she is often perceived as living her whole life as a performance. While her big-screen performances are panned, her live performances are critical successes. Madonna was the first artist to have her concert tours as reenactment of her music videos. Author Elin Diamond explained that reciprocally, the fact that images from Madonna's videos can be recreated in a live setting enhances the realism of the original videos. Thus her live performances have become the means by which mediatized representations are naturalized. Taraborrelli said that encompassing multimedia, latest technology and sound systems, Madonna's concerts and live performances are deemed as \"extravagant show piece, a walking art show.\" ", "Fact: Madonna 's wedding tiara failed to sell when it was entered into a charity auction in Seattle. The headpiece was worn by the superstar when she married British director Guy Richie in 2000 but didn't attract any bidders. The hefty $350,000 (GBP175,000) starting price is being blamed for putting off potential buyers.", "Quote: \"I don't think I've been so nervous in my life. It would be easier for me to perform in a soccer stadium of 80,000 people.\" Madonna admits suffering from stagefright at a benefit for her charity, Raising Malawi, and Unicef on Wednesday (6Feb08).", "Oscars: Best of the worst dresses – Madonna changes styles -- and accents -- so regularly that it feels like we're being introduced to a new person each time. In 1999, it was Zen Madonna who showed up to a Vanity Fair Oscars party.", "Fact: Superstar Madonna and husband Guy Ritchie dressed up as a 1920s flapper and NYPD police officer for a fancy dress party at the Kabbalah Center is Los Angeles on Saturday night (03MAR07).", "Fact: Madonna 's 15-year-old daughter Lourdes has unveiled an edgy new look - she's shaved off a portion of hair on the side of her head. The fashionable teenager was spotted showing off the new hairstyle in New York on Thursday (09Feb12).", "Sammy : Slap a wig on you, put this on, and you're a dead ringer for Madonna.", "Quote: \"I just hope I can negotiate the high heels I have to dance in.\" Madonna on her Super Bowl half-time performance." ]	[ 6.1796875, 1.2392578125, 0.796875, -2.953125, -2.95703125, -3.099609375, -3.73828125, -4.30078125, -4.3046875, -4.75390625, -4.8203125, -4.89453125, -5.296875, -5.515625, -5.53515625, -5.61328125, -5.94140625, -6.21484375, -6.28515625, -6.453125, -6.54296875, -6.73828125, -6.953125, -7.078125, -7.53125, -7.69140625, -8.1484375, -8.234375, -8.2734375, -8.5703125, -8.6640625, -8.8046875 ]
A Little Night Music was based on which non-musical film?	[ "A Little Night Music is a musical with music and lyrics by Stephen Sondheim and book by Hugh Wheeler. Inspired by the Ingmar Bergman film Smiles of a Summer Night, it involves the romantic lives of several couples. Its title is a literal English translation of the German name for Mozart's Serenade No. 13 for strings in G major, Eine kleine Nachtmusik. The musical includes the popular song \"Send in the Clowns\".", "A Little Night Music, Stephen Sondheim and Hugh Wheeler's uber-elegant 1973 musical-comedy romance based on the Ingmar Bergman film Smiles of a Summer Night, has never needed huge names. As Bergman's title suggests, the fragrant air that infuses the dalliances of a collection of amorous Swedes in the earliest 1900s has typically been more than enough warmth to keep this creamy confection simmering. But when the air turns chilly, as it recently has in both New York City streets and inside the Walter Kerr, where Trevor Nunn's Menier Chocolate Factory revival of the musical has just inched open, the stars' extra heat is vital to staving off frostbite.", "A LITTLE NIGHT MUSIC, directed by Harold Prince; screenplay by Hugh Wheeler, based on his book for the musical play suggested by Ingmar Bergman's \"Smiles of a Summer Night\"; music and lyrics by Stephen Sondheim; executive producer, Heinz Lazek; produced by Elliott Kastner; edited by John Jympson; director of photography, Arthur Ibretson; distributed by New World Pictures. Running time: 124 minutes. At the Columbia 1 Theater, Second Avenue at 61th Street. This film has been rated PG.", "The possibility of its affect turning from that of a feathery tickle to a nudge in the ribs has always been present in “A Little Night Music,” which charts a tangled web of romances centered on the ravishing actress Desirée Armfeldt (Ms. Zeta-Jones). Adapted from the Ingmar Bergman movie “Smiles of a Summer Night” (1955), Mr. Wheeler’s book has always had a coarse side at odds with the intricacy and delicacy of Mr. Sondheim’s score, which sets a deep-blue wistfulness to three-quarter time.", "INGMAR BERGMAN'S \"Smiles of a Summer Night\" is, next to his film version of \"The Magic Flute,\" the most charming, most buoyant movie he's ever made. \"A Little Night Music,\" the Broadway musical adaptation of the Bergman film, directed by Harold Prince, with music and lyrics by Stephen Sondheim at his best, sent one out of the theater feeling in top form.", "Romantic liaisons are played out beneath the mysterious summer night of turn-of-the-century Sweden in Stephen Sondheim's Tony Award-winning musical comedy, A Little Night Music. Directed by Stefan Novinski with Musical Direction by Dennis Castellano, the South Coast Repertory production ran from Sept. 7 - Oct. 7, 2007. CREDITS: Music and Lyrics by Stephen Sondheim, Book by Hugh Wheeler, Suggested by a Film by Ingmar Bergman, Originally Produced and Directed on Broadway by Harold Prince. CAST: Christopher Carothers (Mr. Lindquist), Misty Cotton (Petra), Karen Culliver (Mrs. Nordstrom), Joe Farrell (Henrik Egerman), Katie Horwitch (Fredrika Armfeldt), Mark Jacoby (Fredrik Egerman), Damon Kirsche (Count Carl-Magnus Malcolm), Ann Marie Lee (Mrs. Anderssen), Tracy Lore (Mrs. Segstrom), Branden McDonald (Frid), Kevin McMahon (Mr. Erlanson), Amanda Naughton (Countess Charlotte Malcolm), Teri Ralston (Madam Armfeldt), Carolann Sanita (Anne Egerman), Stephanie Zimbalist (Desirée Armfeldt). CREATIVE TEAM: Ken Roht (choreography), Sibyl Wickersheimer (set design), Shigeru Yaji (costume design), Christopher Akerlind (lighting design), Drew Dalzell (sound design), Megan Monaghan (dramaturg) and Jamie A. Tucker (stage manager). Videography by Media Magic (www.mediamagicvideo.com)", "* In the Stephen Sondheim musical A Little Night Music, the two Night Waltzes deal specifically with the phenomenon of Midnight Sun.", "Set in 1900 Sweden, A Little Night Music explores the tangled web of affairs centered around actress, Desirée Armfeldt, and the men who love her: a lawyer by the name of Fredrik Egerman and the Count Carl-Magnus Malcom. When the traveling actress performs in Fredrik's town, the estranged lovers' passion rekindles. This strikes a flurry of jealousy and suspicion between Desirée; Fredrik; Fredrick's wife, Anne; Desirée's current lover, the Count; and the Count's wife, Charlotte. Both men – as well as their jealous wives – agree to join Desirée and her family for a weekend in the country at Desirée's mother's estate. With everyone in one place, infinite possibilities of new romances and second chances bring endless surprises.", "In “A Little Night Music” (1973) Sondheim exposed his strong background in classical music. It was described by critics as reminiscent of Mahler, Strauss, Ravel, Liszt, and Rachmaninoff. Another Tony Award winner, “A Little Night Music” also included his first commercial hit song, “Send in the Clowns.”", "Kelly and newcomer Caron's touching performances and elegant and exuberant footwork (especially in the \"Our Love Is Here to Stay\" and \"Embraceable You\" numbers, as well as the dazzling 17-minute ballet to the title song) had critics and audiences simply enthralled. The film, directed by Vincente Minnelli , won a total of six Oscar awards, including \"Best Picture,\" plus a Golden Globe for \"Best Picture in a Musical or Comedy\". Leslie was put under a seven-year MGM contract where her luminous skills would also be featured in non-musical showcases.", "Sigmund Romberg (the operettas The Student Prince, The Desert Song, The New Moon), Fritz Loewe of Lerner-Loewe (the perfect musical: My Fair Lady), Frank Loesser (Guys and Dolls), Arthur Schwartz (The Band Wagon), Jerry Herman (Hello, Dolly!), Harvey Schmidt (the long-running The Fantasticks), Charles Strouse (Bye Bye Birdie, Golden Boy, Applause, Annie, the opera Nightingale), Galt MacDermot (Hair), Jerry Bock (Fiddler On The Roof), Marvin Hamlisch (Chorus Line), Stephen Schwartz (Godspell, Pippin, Wicked), Claude-Michel Schonberg (Miss Saigon, Les Mis), John Kander (Cabaret, Chicago), Jule Styne (Gypsy, Funny Girl), Andrew Lloyd Webber (Jesus Christ Superstar, Cats, Evita, The Phantom Of The Opera), Alan Menken (Little Shop Of Horrors and the Disney movie musicals The Little Mermaid, Beauty and the Beast, Aladdin, Pocahontas). ", "Chicago along with an earlier musical Moulin Rouge! and the Hip hop centred film 8 Mile, is widely considered to be responsible for the re-emergence of the musical film genre in the 21st century. Following the success of Chicago many musical films have been released in cinemas including Phantom of the Opera, The Producers, Rent, Dreamgirls (also written by Bill Condon), Hairspray (which also had Queen Latifah), Enchanted, Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street (which also had costumes by Coleen Atwood), Mamma Mia! (which also had Christine Baranski), Les Misérables, Rock of Ages (which also had Catherine Zeta Jones), Sunshine on Leith, and Into The Woods (also directed by Rob Marshall and also featuring Baranski and costumes by Atwood), all of these, bar Enchanted and Sunshine on Leith, were adaptations of Broadway/West End stage shows (Enchanted was an original property while Sunshine on Leith was an adaptation of a Dundee Reps production).", "The Sound of Music is a 1965 American musical drama film produced and directed by Robert Wise and starring Julie Andrews and Christopher Plummer . The film is an adaptation of the 1959 Broadway musical The Sound of Music , composed by Richard Rodgers with lyrics by Oscar Hammerstein II . The film's screenplay was written by Ernest Lehman , adapted from the stage musical's book by Howard Lindsay and Russel Crouse . Based on the memoir The Story of the Trapp Family Singers by Maria von Trapp , the film is about a young Austrian woman studying to become a nun in Salzburg in 1938 who is sent to the villa of a retired naval officer and widower to be governess to his seven children. After bringing love and music into the lives of the family through kindness and patience, she marries the officer and together with the children they find a way to survive the loss of their homeland through courage and faith. Wikipedia", "Other films either provided escapist entertainment or nostalgically seemed to look back to a lost era in America, such as the biographical story of the song-and-dance team of the Cohans, featuring Best Actor-winning James Cagney as legendary vaudevillian George M. Cohan in Yankee Doodle Dandy (1942) . The musical comedy Holiday Inn (1942) featured Bing Crosby's first crooning of White Christmas, and Fred Astaire's and Bing Crosby's first screen appearance together. Director Vincente Minnelli's third film Meet Me in St. Louis (1944) was the first of three films he made to showcase Judy Garland. Bing Crosby reprised his earlier, Best Actor-winning Catholic priest role as Father Chuck O'Malley of Going My Way (1944) in the sequel The Bells of St. Mary's (1945), with Ingrid Bergman as Sister Benedict.", "The Sound of Music is a 1965 American musical drama film produced and directed by Robert Wise, and starring Julie Andrews and Christopher Plummer. The film is an adaptation of the 1959 Broadway musical The Sound of Music, composed by Richard Rodgers with lyrics by Oscar Hammerstein II. The film's screenplay was written by Ernest Lehman, adapted from the stage musical's book by Howard Lindsay and Russel Crouse. Based on the memoir The Story of the Trapp Family Singers by Maria von Trapp, the film is about a young Austrian woman studying to become a nun in Salzburg in 1938 who is sent to the villa of a retired naval officer and widower to be governess to his seven children. After bringing love and music into the lives of the family through kindness and patience, she marries the officer and together with the children they find a way to survive the loss of their homeland through courage and faith.", "This film featured an array of World War II-era musical stars, including the Duke Ellington Orchestra. But Hollywood got it wrong: the setting here is a railroad train, while the lyrics refer to a New York City subway train. After the band plays the theme, vocalist Betty Roche sings a chorus, with call-and-response interplay by a vocal trio consisting of cornetist Rex Stewart, trumpeter Ray Nance, and baritone saxophonist Harry Carney. As Roche and Nance dance in the aisle, solos follow by Ellington, Junior Raglin on bass, and Ben Webster (unseen) on tenor saxophone.", "Little Shop of Horrors is a rock musical by Oscar-winning composer Alan Menken and writer Howard Ashman, about a meek florist who raises a plant on human blood. Inspired by the low-budget 1960 black comedy film The Little Shop of Horrors, directed by Roger Corman, the 1982 musical ran for 2,209 performances. A film version made in 1986 became a cult classic. The music, composed by Menken in the style of early 1960s rock and roll, doo-wop and early Motown, includes several show-stoppers including \"Skid Row (Downtown)\", \"Somewhere That's Green\", and \"Suddenly, Seymour\", as well as the title song.", "Cat Ballou is a 1965 comedy Western musical film starring Jane Fonda and Lee Marvin, who won an Academy Award for Best Actor for his dual role. The story involves a woman who hires a notorious gunman to protect her father's ranch, and later to avenge his murder, but finds that the gunman is not what she expected. The supporting cast features Michael Callan, Dwayne Hickman, and singers Nat King Cole and Stubby Kaye, who together perform the movie's theme song.", "An American in Paris is a 1951 American musical film inspired by the 1928 orchestral composition An American in Paris by George Gershwin. Starring Gene Kelly, Leslie Caron, Oscar Levant, Georges Guétary, and Nina Foch, the film is set in Paris, and was directed by Vincente Minnelli from a script by Alan Jay Lerner. The music is by George Gershwin, with lyrics by his brother Ira, with additional music by Saul Chaplin, the music director.", "Little Shop of Horrors is a comedy horror rock musical, by composer Alan Menken and writer Howard Ashman, about a hapless florist shop worker who raises a plant that feeds on human blood and flesh. The musical is based on the low-budget 1960 black comedy film \"The Little Shop of Horrors\", directed by Roger Corman. The music, composed by Menken in the style of early 1960s rock and roll, doo-wop and early Motown, includes several well-known tunes, including the title song, \"Skid Row (Downtown)\", \"Somewhere That's Green\", \"Feed Me (Git It)\", and \"Suddenly, Seymour\".", "Little Shop of Horrors is a horror comedy rock musical, by composer Alan Menken and writer Howard Ashman, about a hapless florist shop worker who raises a plant that feeds on human blood and flesh. The musical is based on the low-budget 1960 black comedy film The Little Shop of Horrors, directed by Roger Corman. The music, composed by Menken in the style of early 1960s rock and roll, doo-wop and early Motown, includes several well-known tunes, including the title song, \"Skid Row (Downtown)\", \"Somewhere That's Green\", and \"Suddenly, Seymour\".", "A musical based on the memoir of Maria von Trapp. The Sound of music directed by Robert Wise, starring Julie Andrews & Christopher Plummer. Set in Salzburg, Austria, Maria is sent to be the governess to seven children of a widowed naval commander. The children, initially hostile and mischievous, come to like her, and the woman finds herself falling in love with the captain - Meanwhile, the Nazis take power in Austria. This movie made 2.36 Billion at the box office and was a winner of 5 Academy Awards including Best Picture. 1959 was also the year the Rat pack first appeared and The United States named Alaska and Hawaii state number 49 and 50 respectively.", "Fantasia is a 1940 American animated film produced by Walt Disney and released by Walt Disney Productions. With story direction by Joe Grant and Dick Huemer, and production supervision by Ben Sharpsteen, it is the third Disney animated feature film. The film consists of eight animated segments set to pieces of classical music conducted by Leopold Stokowski, seven of which are performed by the Philadelphia Orchestra. Music critic and composer Deems Taylor acts as the film's Master of Ceremonies, providing a live-action introduction to each animated segment.", "In 1951, MGM released the musical film An American in Paris, featuring Gene Kelly and Leslie Caron. Winning the 1951 Best Picture Oscar and numerous other awards, the film was directed by Vincente Minnelli, featured many tunes of Gershwin, and concluded with an extensive, elaborate dance sequence built around the An American in Paris symphonic poem (arranged for the film by Johnny Green), costing $500,000.", "\"The Sound of Music\" is a Rodgers and Hammerstein musical, made into a celebrated movie in 1965 starring Julie Andrews and Christopher Plummer. The musical is based on \"The Story of the Trapp Family Singers\", a memoir by Maria von Trapp. The von Trapp family ended up in Stowe, Vermont after the war, and one family descended from the Vermont von Trapps lives here in the same town in which I live in California.", "In the same year, he wrote the music for “Fancy Free,” a ballet, choreographed by Jerome Robbins, about three young sailors on 24 hours’ shore leave in New York City. It was so successful that they expanded it into a Broadway musical, with libretto and lyrics by Betty Comden and Adolph Green. Retitled “On the Town” and directed by George Abbott, it opened in 1944, with a youthful, vibrant score, which included the memorable anthem “New York, New York,” “Lonely Town,” “I Get Carried Away,” and “Lucky to Be Me.” The 1949 film version, starring Frank Sinatra and Gene Kelly and directed by Kelly and Stanley Donen, is often regarded as innovatory in its use of real New York locations, although Bernstein’s score was somewhat truncated in the transfer. In 1950 Bernstein wrote both music and lyrics for a musical version of J. M. Barrie’s “Peter Pan,” starring Jean Arthur and Boris Karloff. His next Broadway project, “Wonderful Town” (1953), adapted from the play “My Sister Eileen,” by Joseph Fields and Jerome Chodorov, again had lyrics by Comden and Green, and starred Rosalind Russell, returning to Broadway after a distinguished career in Hollywood. Bernstein’s spirited, contemporary score, for which he won a Tony Award, included “Conversation Piece,” “Conga,” “Swing,” “What a Waste,” “Ohio,” “A Quiet Girl,” and “A Little Bit of Love.” The show had a successful revival in London in 1986, with Maureen Lipman in the starring role.", "In 1966, the play became the hit musical Cabaret. Six years later came Bob Fosse's massively successful movie version, starring Liza Minnelli.", "A Chorus Line (1975) is a Pulitzer Prize-winning musical about a group of young actors and actresses struggling to make it on Broadway. The play depicts the other side of Broadway—the sacrifices and hardships people endure to make it on the stage. It is also blessed with a wonderful score. It was conceived and choreographed by Michael Bennett; lyrics were written by Edward Kleban, and the music was created by Marvin Hamlisch. It played for over fifteen years on Broadway.", "One early attempt to film the musical was as an animated feature to be directed by John Hubley. It was during development of this unfinished project that Hubley first collaborated with future wife Faith Hubley (then Faith Elliot). The soundtrack for the animated film was already completed and the entire film had been storyboarded. The voice talents included Frank Sinatra (as Woody), Barry Fitzgerald (Finian), Jim Backus (Senator Rawkins), Ella Fitzgerald, Louis Armstrong and from the original Broadway cast Ella Logan (Sharon) and David Wayne (Og). The project died when Hubley refused to “name names” when he testified before The House Un-American Activities Committee. Hubley was blacklisted and Chemical Bank, which was providing the financing, withdrew funding for the proposed film. Artwork done for the movie appears in the PBS documentary “Independent Spirits – The Faith and John Hubley Story” and the Sinatra prerecordings are available on the CD Box-set “Sinatra in Hollywood 1940-1964.”", "Directed by Vincente Minnelli. Cast: Leslie Caron, Maurice Chevalier, Louis Jourdan, Hermione Gingold, Eva Gabor, Jacques Bergerac, Isabel Jeans. The musical story of a French girl groomed to be a courtesan, but who blossoms into a lady. Screenplay and lyrics, Alan Jay Lerner: music, Frederick Loewe. 117 min. DVD 618; VHS 999:746", "Cahn wrote the lyrics for songs used in four movie musicals released during 1946, but all his hits for the year came from independent songs. The seasonal \"Let It Snow! Let It Snow! Let It Snow!\" (music by Styne), recorded by Vaughn Monroe and released in Dec. 1945, went to #1 in January, and Sinatra took \"Day by Day\" (music and lyrics by Cahn, Stordahl, and Weston) into the Top Ten in March, \"Five Minutes More\" (music by Styne) to #1 in September, and \"The Things We Did Last Summer\" (music by Styne) into the Top Ten in Dec. Sinatra starred in It Happened in Brooklyn, released in March 1947, and recorded two of the songs from the Cahn-Styne score on a single: \"I Believe\" hit the Top Ten, and \"Time after Time,\" also a chart entry, went on to become a much- revived standard. Cahn and Styne were successful in their second attempt at a Broadway show in the fall, as High Button Shoes ran 727 performances, making it the biggest musical hit of the 1947-48 season.", "THE SOUND OF MUSIC opened at Broadway's Lunt-Fontanne Theatre on November 16, 1959, and Rodgers & Hammerstein’s last musical was a triumph. It ran for 1,443 performances and earned seven Tony Awards, including Best Musical. In addition, the cast album earned a Gold Record and the Grammy Award. Florence Henderson starred in the first national tour, which played for over two years, and Jean Bayless created the role of Maria in the original London production, which ran for over six years — still the record-holder as the longest running American musical in London." ]	[ 5.66015625, 5.12890625, 5.07421875, 3.216796875, 2.02734375, 1.82421875, 0.568359375, -0.49853515625, -1.32421875, -3.078125, -3.1640625, -3.79296875, -4.49609375, -4.6875, -4.79296875, -5.578125, -5.60546875, -5.62890625, -5.75, -5.82421875, -5.83203125, -5.8515625, -5.87890625, -6.03125, -6.109375, -6.109375, -6.578125, -7.26171875, -7.4609375, -7.46484375, -7.9375, -8.5625 ]
What was the name of the high school in Porky's?	[ "Porky's is a 1981 Canadian-American sex comedy film, written and directed by Bob Clark about the escapades of teenagers at the fictional Angel Beach High School in Florida in 1954. Released in the United States in 1982 with an R rating, the film spawned three sequels: Porky's II: The Next Day (1983), Porky's Revenge! (1985), and Pimpin' Pee Wee (2009), and influenced many writers in the teen film genre.", "The first two Porky's films were directed by Bob Clark and produced by Harold Greenberg, who founded Astral Communications (now known as Astral Media). James Komack directed the third film, Porky's Revenge. Clark based the original Porky's on actual occurrences at Boca Ciega High School in Gulfport, Florida and Fort Lauderdale High School in the early 1960s, and on a venue called Porky's Hide Away in Oakland Park, Florida.", "-And, Gina wrote in to say: I was an extra in the movie Porky's 1, and I was in the dance scene. It was filmed on Star Island at a former high school. It was definitely NOT and elementary school. There were lockers in the back of the gym and the campus was huge....not an elementary school campus for sure. [Thanks to Gina]", "* Porky's, directed by Bob Clark, starring Dan Monahan, Wyatt Knight, Kim Cattrall, Boyd Gaines, Alex Karras, Susan Clark", "The film was shot almost entirely in Los Angeles, California, with the Brady house being located in Sherman Oaks. The school scenes were shot at Taft High School in Woodland Hills. Some scenes were filmed at Bowcraft amusement park in Scotch Plains, New Jersey. ", "This is followed by opening animated credits which introduce the primary cast, followed by the first day at Rydell High. Danny, a greaser , is reunited with his friends, the T-Birds — his bad-boy best friend Kenickie ( Jeff Conaway ), and their three bumbling sidekicks, Doody ( Barry Pearl ), Putzie ( Kelly Ward ), and Sonny ( Michael Tucci ) — while the Pink Ladies, the T-Birds' female counterparts, arrive and claim that they're going to \"rule the school\" in their final year. We meet three of the four Pink Ladies to start with - their raunchy leader Betty Rizzo ( Stockard Channing ), the sophisticated Marty ( Dinah Manoff , in one of her first film roles), and the juvenile Jan ( Jamie Donnelly ). Sandy, whose family had unexpectedly cancelled their plans to return to Australia, also enters Rydell as a foreign exchange student . She is being shown around the school by another Pink Lady, a cheerful airhead named Frenchy ( Didi Conn ). At lunchtime, Danny and Sandy share memories of their summer romance with their friends, unaware of the other's presence at the school ( Summer Nights ). It soon becomes clear that Danny is exaggerating. Rizzo is surprised when Sandy reveals Danny's name on the way back to class, but the Pink Ladies keep quiet about Danny's presence at the school.", "Porky starred in dozens of films in the late 1930s. The directors still did not have a grasp on the character, however; his appearance, age, and personality all varied from picture to picture. Several such cartoons show Porky as a child with parents: father Phineas ( Porky the Rainmaker , Milk and Money , Porky's Poppa , Porky and Teabiscuit ) and an unnamed mom ( Wholly Smoke , Porky's Hero Agency ). Bob Clampett finally pinned Porky down, making him a permanent young adult: cuter, slimmer, smarter, and eventually less of a stutterer. Clampett's Porky was an innocent traveler, taking in the wonders of the world—and in Clampett's universe, the world is a very weird place indeed. [3 ] This principle is perhaps best demonstrated in Porky in Wackyland , a film that sends Porky on a quest to find the last of the Dodos . This cartoon was selected for preservation by the National Film Registry in 2000. [4 ]", "Howard was tutored at Desilu Studios in his younger years, and graduated from John Burroughs High School . He later attended the University of Southern California 's School of Cinematic Arts but did not graduate. [9]", "The final scene where Porky crosses the county line was shot on what is now the North Miami Campus of Florida Int'l University. In 1982 it was just empty roads running through the woods. The location was about 3/4 mile south of the University's 151st street entrance.", "From Hickory in Hoosiers, to T.C. Williams High in Remember the Titans, a look at 20 memorable high schools in television and movies.", "The majority of the film was shot at Toronto's Showline Studios. Most of the street scenes were shot at the intersection of Dundas Street West and Roncesvalles Avenue. A PCC streetcar with Toronto Transit Commission livery is seen in the opening sequence. Some of the signs for the 1960s-era stores remain up along the street. Toronto's Lord Lansdowne Public School was used for all of the high school exteriors and some of the interiors, while the old Queen Victoria School in Hamilton was also used for interiors. Scenes at Queen Victoria were shot from November 22 to December 2, and the school was scheduled to be demolished after film production was completed.", "Porky's post at the pinnacle of the Warners' pantheon was short-lived however. In 1937, Avery pitted Porky against a plucky black duck who soon was christened Daffy and who became the studio's biggest star (until himself replaced by Bugs Bunny ). In fact, Friz Freleng satirized this phenomenon when he directed You Ought To Be in Pictures (1940). The film features Daffy convincing Porky to quit his job at Warner Bros. to find better-paying work elsewhere. In turn, Porky convinces studio head Leon Schlesinger to release him from his contract. After a highly unsuccessful foray into the real world, Porky returns happily to the studio that created him. To this day, Porky remains as a loyal sidekick while Daffy refuses to be a second banana to Bugs.", "Attended the same high school, Washington-Lee High School, as Sandra Bullock . Both were also cheerleaders at the school. Her brother, Warren Beatty also attended this high school.", "Stan attended John DeLorean High School in the late 1970s and early 1980s. A very unpopular student, he got pranked by the popular students while at the prom by being crushed by falling pigs in \"It's Good to Be the Queen\".", "Porky Pig is an animated cartoon character in the Warner Bros. Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies series of cartoons. He was the first character created by the studio to draw audiences based on his star power , and the animators (particularly Bob Clampett ) created many critically acclaimed shorts using the fat little pig . Even after he was supplanted by later characters, Porky continued to be popular with moviegoers and, more importantly, the Warners directors, who recast him in numerous everyman and sidekick roles. He is known for his signature line at the end of each short, \"Th-th-th-that's all folks!\" The slogan had also been used by both Bosko and Buddy and even Beans at the end of every Looney Tunes cartoon. In contrast, the Merrie Melodies series used the slogan: So Long, Folks! until the late 1930s when it was replaced with the same one used on the Looney Tunes series. (When Bugs Bunny was the closing character, he would break the pattern by simply saying, \"And Dat's De End!\")", "1941's \"Notes to You\" was remade in 1948 as \"Back Alley Oproar\". Notably, the first short had Porky as the protagonist, while the remake replaced him with Elmer.", "Avery, nicknamed \"Tex\", \"Fred\", and \"Texas\", was raised in Taylor, Texas, and graduated in 1926 from North Dallas High School. A popular catchphrase at his school was \"What's up, doc?\", which he would later popularize with Bugs Bunny in the 1940s.", "Springfield High School is the high school in Springfield, is most often seen in flashbacks, notably in \" The Way We Was \" when Homer and Marge tell the story of how they met. Springfield High School is seen in the present time in \" The Front \" when Marge and Homer have their high school reunion there. The Squeaky Voiced Teen has said that the school has an air hockey table.As well as being a school, they have hosted events there. One such event was a ballet performance, despite the fact there was a gas leak in the school.", "The city maintains two public high schools for grades 9–12, William Allen High School, which serves students from the southern and western parts of the city, and Louis E. Dieruff High School, which serves students from the eastern and northern parts. Each of these Allentown area high schools competes athletically in the Lehigh Valley Conference. Both schools play their home football games at J. Birney Crum Stadium. Students may also attend Newcomer Academy at Midway Manor or the Allentown School District Virtual Academy (grades 8–12).", "* \"Fast Times at Buddy Cianci Jr. High\" ï¿½ title sequence replaced with a parody of the series Law & Order.", "Cosby went on to Philadelphia's Central High School, a magnet and academically rigorous university prep school where he played football, basketball, baseball, and ran track. In addition, Cosby was working before and after school, selling produce, shining shoes, and stocking shelves at a supermarket to help out the family. He transferred to Germantown High School, but failed the tenth grade. Instead of repeating, he got a job as an apprentice at a shoe repair shop, which he liked, but could not see himself doing the rest of his life.", "Directed by Bob Clampett. Warner Brothers. Animated short. \"Porky Pig is on his way to the store to pick up some groceries for his mother when he walks by a sign saying that the local movie theater is having a \"kids admitted free\" day. The excited Porky rushes in and views a series of spoofs of newsreels, movie trailers, feature films, and even the Lone Ranger!\" [ IMDB ] Included on DVD X344; also on DVD 4875 and DVD 8900", "In the original flagship Scooby-Doo, Where Are You! series, Velma attended the same high school as the rest of the gang (as stated in the inaugural episode \"What a Night for a Knight\"). However, by The New Scooby-Doo Movies, Velma is said to have graduated from a different high school than her friends (as stated in the episode \"Spirited Spooked Sports Show\").", "Below are 20 of the most memorable high schools in either a movie or television series. See if you can figure out which are real and which are fictional.", "Shemp was born Samuel Horwitz in Brooklyn, New York on March 17, 1895. He acquired the name “Shemp” when his mother, with her broad European accent, would call him “Sam,” which sounded like “Shemp.” Shemp graduated from P.S. 163 in Brooklyn. Shemp enrolled along with Moe at the Baron De Hirsch Trade School in New York where Shemp took up plumbing and Moe studied to be an electrician. Read More »", "\"Termite Terrace\" later became the nickname for the entire Schlesinger/Warners studio, primarily because Avery and his unit were the ones who defined what became known as \"the Warner Bros. cartoon\". Their first short, Gold Diggers of '49, is recognized as the first cartoon to make Porky Pig a star, and Avery’s experimentation with the medium continued from there.", "There is a school recital on, and many children participate, including Beans, Ham and Ex, and Porky Pig .", "\"Pig-Pen\" also appears in The Peanuts Movie . In the scene at the school dance, when the sprinklers go off, he is briefly \"cleaned\" when water falls on him, prompting Patty (who he is dancing with) to ask \"Do I know you?\"", "In The Simpsons Road Rage , the school is a possible drop-off location in the Evergreen Terrace level . The hallway can be driven through and Willie's shack be be destroyed. Through a window, the words \"This is not a clue... or is it?\" are seen on a blackboard.", "Established in the episodes “ Separate Vocations ” and “ Pokey Mom “, the school’s mascot is a puma . It’s revealed in the episode “ Lisa Gets an “A” ” that Springfield Elementary was at one time voted “The Most Dilapidated School in Missouri”—it was then moved, brick-by-brick, to Springfield. It has been stated several times that the school is filled with asbestos , and the underfunding of the school has resulted in a variety of troubling scenarios for students and staff. Sub-standard facilities abound; including a cinder block having replaced the school’s tetherball , cafeteria food made from circus animals and in several decades-old cans, shredded newspaper, and old gym mats, among others (only the teachers eat French fries made from potatoes), and “malk” having replaced milk. In one episode, prison inmates occupied the cloakrooms in the classrooms, in an effort to make extra money. In another episode, Lisa Simpson, who has been voted student president, is tricked into authorizing the cancellation of music, gym and art. The school later finds the funding for these extra curricular activities by cancelling flu shots. The school’s poor funding is made worse by the town’s refusal to accept any tax increases, no matter how minor, and even basic services are sometimes refused by the PTA, including a free service of refilling the fire extinguishers.", "In the opening credits the school is featured with Bart writing lines on a blackboard. The school's design and apparent floorplan is identical to Chapman Elementary School in Portland, Oregon.", "Following his discharge, Ditko learned that his idol, Batman artist Jerry Robinson, was teaching at the Cartoonists and Illustrators School (later the School of Visual Arts) in New York City. Moving there in 1950, he enrolled in the art school under the G.I. Bill. Robinson found the young student \"a very hard worker who really focused on his drawing\" and someone who \"could work well with other writers as well as write his own stories and create his own characters\", and he helped Ditko acquire a scholarship for the following year." ]	[ 7.10546875, 4.48828125, 1.38671875, -2.9609375, -3.875, -3.876953125, -4.23828125, -5.515625, -5.66796875, -6.04296875, -6.3125, -6.59765625, -6.73046875, -6.77734375, -6.7890625, -6.859375, -6.953125, -6.95703125, -6.9609375, -7.1484375, -7.1796875, -7.4921875, -7.64453125, -7.83203125, -8.171875, -8.3671875, -8.390625, -9.0625, -9.1171875, -9.390625, -9.5859375, -10.2421875 ]
Who was Louise Lasser's husband when she stared with him in What's Up Tiger Lily?	[ "Louise Lasser (born April 11, 1939) is an American actress and television writer. She is known for her portrayal of the title character on the soap opera satire Mary Hartman, Mary Hartman. She was married to Woody Allen and appeared in several of his early films.", "Woody Allen married Louise Lasser in 1966. They divorced in 1969, and Woody Allen did not marry again until 1997. Lasser appeared in three Woody Allen films after the divorce � Take the Money and Run, Bananas, and Everything You Always Wanted to Know About Sex* (But Were Afraid to Ask) � and made a brief appearance in Stardust Memories.", "Louise Lasser Allen married Louise Lasser in 1966. They divorced in 1970, and Allen did not marry again until 1997. Lasser appeared in three Allen films shortly after the divorce – Take the Money and Run, Bananas, and Everything You Always Wanted to Know About Sex (*But Were Afraid to Ask) and later briefly appeared in Stardust Memories.", "The man who would become the movies' personification of grace, elegance and gentle humor was born Frederick Austerlitz on May 10, 1899, in Omaha, Nebraska, to an Austrian immigrant in the beer business. Fred began dancing lessons at age five and soon was performing with his sister, Adele, at church events. Their mother took the youngsters to New York City in 1905 for further training and experience in vaudeville. They played the famed Orpheum Circuit throughout the country, learning various dances and performing tricks from their coworkers. Fred and Adele made their Broadway debut in a patriotic review called Over the Top in 1917 and followed up with other appearances in New York and London including George and Ira Gershwin's Lady Be Good (1924) and Funny Face (1927). By 1930 Robert Benchley was calling Fred Astaire \"the greatest tap dancer in the world.\" Fred and Adele ended their professional pairing in 1932 when she married her first husband, the British nobleman Lord Charles Arthur Francis Cavendish.", "Ava Gardner (December 24, 1922 January 25, 1990) was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actress for her work in Mogambo (1953). She appeared in several popular films during the 1950s, and received BAFTA Award nominations for her performances in Bhowani Junction (1956), On the Beach (1959) and The Night of the Iguana (1964). Was married to Mickey Rooney and Frank Sinatra.", "Adele Astaire (born Adele Marie Austerlitz; September 10, 1896 – January 25, 1981) was an American dancer, stage actress and singer. She was Fred Astaire's elder sister, and his partner in a 27-year career in vaudeville and theater, beginning when he was five and she was eight. ", "Lynn Garland and Frank Loesser divorced around the beginning of 1957, after 21 years of marriage. They had two children together: John Loesser, who works in theatre administration, and Susan Loesser, an author who wrote her father's biography A Most Remarkable Fella: Frank Loesser and the Guys and Dolls in His Life: A Portrait by His Daughter (1993, 2000, ISBN 0634009273).", "Jones's replacement was Audrey Meadows, already known for her work in the 1951 musical Top Banana and on Bob and Ray's television show. Before receiving the role, Meadows had to overcome Gleason's reservations about her being too attractive to make a credible Alice. To accomplish this, she hired a photographer to come to her apartment early in the morning and take pictures of her with no make-up on, wearing a torn housecoat, and with her hair undone.[5][4] When the pictures were delivered to Gleason, he looked at them and said, \"That's our Alice.\" When it was explained to him who it was he said, \"Any dame who has a sense of humor like that deserves the job.\"[4] With the addition of Meadows the now-famous \"Honeymooners\" lineup of Gleason, Carney, Meadows, and Randolph was in place.", "Following her Fox years, Blaine returned to the stage, making her Broadway debut in the Frank Loesser musical Guys and Dolls in 1950. Her character Adelaide has been engaged to inveterate gambler Nathan Detroit for 14 years, a condition which, according to her song “ Adelaide’s Lament “, can foster physical illness as well as chronic heartbreak. After the show’s 1200-performance run on Broadway, in which she starred opposite Sam Levene as Nathan Detroit and Robert Alda as fellow gambler Sky Masterson, she reprised the role in London ‘s West End in 1953, and then on film in 1955 , with Frank Sinatra playing Nathan and Marlon Brando in Sky’s role.", "Hepburn had several pets, including a Yorkshire Terrier named Mr. Famous, who was hit by a car and killed. To cheer her up, Mel Ferrer got her another Yorkshire named Assam of Assam. She also kept Ip; they made a bed for him out of a bathtub. Sean Ferrer had a Cocker Spaniel named Cokey. When Hepburn was older, she had two Jack Russell Terriers. The marriage to Ferrer lasted 14 years, until 5 December 1968; their son was quoted as saying that Hepburn had stayed in the marriage too long. In the later years of the marriage, Ferrer was rumoured to have had a girlfriend on the side, while Hepburn had an affair with her Two for the Road co-star Albert Finney. She denied the rumours, but director Stanley Donen said, \"with Albert Finney, she was like a new woman. She and Albie have a wonderful thing together; they are like a couple of kids. When Mel wasn't on set, they sparkled. When Mel was there, it was funny. Audrey and Albie would go rather formal and a little awkward\".[53] The couple separated before divorcing.", "Chaplin first met Lita Grey during the filming of The Kid. Three years later, at age thirty-five, he became involved with the then 16-year-old Grey during preparations for The Gold Rush in which she was to star as the female lead. They married on November 26 , 1924 after she became pregnant (a development that resulted in her being removed from the cast of the film). They had two sons, the actors Charles Chaplin Jr. (1925–1968) and Sydney Earle Chaplin (1926–2009). The marriage was a disaster, with the couple hopelessly mismatched. The couple divorced on August 25, 1927. Template:Fact Their extraordinarily bitter divorce in 1928 had Chaplin paying Grey a then-record-breaking US$825,000 settlement, on top of almost one million dollars in legal costs. The stress of the sensational divorce, compounded by a federal tax dispute, allegedly turned his hair white. The Chaplin biographer Joyce Milton asserted in Tramp: The Life of Charlie Chaplin that the Grey-Chaplin marriage was the inspiration for Vladimir Nabokov's 1950s novel Lolita .", "In 1942, she starred in Woman of the Year with Spencer Tracy in which the two play a couple who try to keep the romance alive in their marriage. Bosley Crowther of The New York Times said, “The acting of Miss Hepburn and Mr. Tracy are all as crisp and cracking as a brand new $1,000 bill.” It earned Hepburn an Oscar nomination, but she did not win that year. The two became box office gold and went on to star in eight more movies together. The romance between them lasted for the next 25 years both on and off screen; however, the two never married because Spencer was married to Louise Treadwell. Since Tracy was Catholic, he never divorced his wife, Treadwell. As a result, Hepburn and Tracy hid their relationship from the public. The most notable films that Tracy and Hepburn starred in together were Adam’s Rib in 1949, Pat and Mike in 1952, and Desk Set in 1957.", "Another Best Picture nominee that was considered controversial because of its racial theme (it was Hollywood's first mainstream film about inter-racial marriage!) was liberal director Stanley Kramer's socially-relevant problem-comedy of racial co-existence, Guess Who's Coming to Dinner (with ten nominations and only two wins - Best Actress and William Rose's Best Story/Screenplay). It was about a liberal couple (Katharine Hepburn and Spencer Tracy) who are values-challenged when their sole young daughter (Katharine Houghton) brings home her prospective marriage partner - a world-renowned black surgeon (a typecast role for Sidney Poitier, the biggest box-office star at the time).", "In 1920, Cagney was a member of the chorus for the show Pitter Patter, where he met Frances Willard \"Billie\" Vernon. They married on September 28, 1922, and the marriage lasted until his death in 1986. Frances Cagney died in 1994. [22] In 1941, they adopted a son whom they named James Cagney, Jr., and later a daughter, Cathleen \"Casey\" Cagney. Cagney was a very private man, and while he was very willing to give the press opportunities for photographs, he generally spent his time out of the public eye.", "Michael Todd’s best friend had been all-American star and blue-eyed boy Eddie Fisher, who was married to Debbie “America’s Sweetheart” Reynolds and father to Carrie Fisher and Todd Fisher (named after Michael Todd). While Todd was alive the two couples had spent a lot of time together, and naturally Fisher and Reynolds offered comfort and support following Todd’s death. But Fisher and Taylor soon developed a relationship that went beyond friendship, resulting in a scandal, a divorce, a marriage and a permanent estrangement from Reynolds (years later, Reynolds reported keeping a picture of Taylor at her fattest on the fridge to remind her not to snack. Taylor, to her credit, laughed at this). Taylor and Fisher, meanwhile, starred together in Butterfield 8, which finally bagged Taylor an Oscar win. But it was her next role that proved her most iconic.", "It doesn't get more American than this union: a blond bombshell actress and a beloved baseball player. Though the relationship had its ups and downs , as evidenced by the couple's divorce in 1954, the couple's ... more", "Left: Reynolds with her second husband, Harry Karl, dining with Elizabeth Taylor and Richard Burton, c. 1967.", "Grey's replacement on The Gold Rush was Georgia Hale . In the documentary series, Unknown Chaplin , (directed and written by film historians Kevin Brownlow and David Gill ), Hale, in a 1980s interview states that she had idolized Chaplin since childhood and that the then-19-year-old actress and Chaplin began an affair that continued for several years, which she details in her memoir, Charlie Chaplin: Intimate Close-Ups. During production of Chaplin's film City Lights in 1929-30, Hale, who by then was Chaplin's closest companion, was called in to replace Virginia Cherrill as the flower girl. Seven minutes of test footage survives from this recasting, and is included on the 2003 DVD release of the film, but economics forced Chaplin to rehire Cherrill. In discussing the situation in Unknown Chaplin, Hale states that her relationship with Chaplin was as strong as ever during filming. Their romance apparently ended sometime after Chaplin's return from his world tour in 1933.", "Twiggy continued to act in film and TV in the U.S. and U.K. with parts in \"The Doctor and the Devils\", \"Club Paradise\", \"The Blues Brothers\", \"The Little Match Girl\", and \"Young Charlie Chaplin\" to name but a few. In 1988 Twiggy married British Actor/Director Leigh Lawson who starred with her and Shirley MacLaine in \"Madame Sousatzka\" directed by John Schlesinger.", "Sadly, Dean never saw the release of the film, as he died in a car accident in 1955. The next year saw Elizabeth star in Raintree County (1957), an overblown epic made, partially, in Kentucky. Critics called it dry as dust. Despite the film’s shortcomings, Elizabeth was nominated for an Academy Award for her portrayal of Southern belle Susanna Drake. However, on Oscar night the honor went to Joanne Woodward for The Three Faces of Eve (1957). In 1958 Elizabeth starred as Maggie Pollitt in Cat on a Hot Tin Roof (1958).", "He is also known for his long relation with the Hollywood actress Katharine Hepburn. They both were married, but their affair lasted until his death in 1967. He died after cardiac arrest, few days after shooting his last movie “Guess who`s coming to dinner”.", "When Eddie Fisher's best friend, producer Mike Todd, was killed in a 1958 plane crash, Fisher comforted the widow, Elizabeth Taylor. Amid sensationalist headlines, Fisher divorced Reynolds and married Taylor in 1959.", "Season 2, Episode 17, \" Incident of the Tinker's Dam\": Regis Toomey (shown on the left, starred in Alibi, Other Men's Women, The Finger Points, His Girl Friday, and The Big Sleep and played Joe Mulligan on The Mickey Rooney Show, Lt. Manny Waldo on Four Star Playhouse, Lt. McGough on Richard Diamond, Private Detective, Det. Les Hart on Burke's Law, and Dr. Barton Stuart on Petticoat Junction and Green Acres) plays Wishbone's brother T.J. Ron Soble (Dirty Jim on The Monroes) plays Indian leader Hansho. Monte Blue (Sheriff Hollister on Sky King) plays old Indian Wankawa. Jeanne Bates (Nurse Wills on Ben Casey) plays widow Mrs. Wayne. Ray Montgomery (Professor Howard Ogden on Ramar of the Jungle) plays U.S. Cavalry Cpl. Anderson. ", "Lauren made other films with other actors. Among which were: Confidential Agent (1945) with Charles Boyer, Bright Leaf (1950) with Gary Cooper, Young Man with a Horn (1950) with Doris Day and Kirk Douglas, Blood Alley ( 1950) with John Wayne, How to Marry a Millionaire (1953) with Betty Grable and Marilyn Monroe. Written in the Wind (1956) with Rock Hudson and Dorothy Malone and The Designing Woman (1957) with Gregory Peck.", "In 1920, Cagney was a member of the chorus for the show Pitter Patter, where he met Frances Willard \"Billie\" Vernon. They married on September 28, 1922, and the marriage lasted until his death in 1986. Frances Cagney died in 1994. In 1941, they adopted a son whom they named James Cagney, Jr., and later a daughter, Cathleen \"Casey\" Cagney. Cagney was a very private man, and while he was very willing to give the press opportunities for photographs, he generally spent his time out of the public eye. ", "She received an Oscar nomination for her role as a demented former child star in What Ever Happened to Baby Jane? . This brought about a new round of super-stardom for generations of fans who were not familiar with her work. Two years later, she starred in Hush...Hush, Sweet Charlotte . Bette was married four times.", "(1924- ) American actor and director. Films include \"Lilies Of The Field\" (1963, for which he won an Oscar), \"Guess Who's Coming To Dinner\" (1967) and \"To Sir, With Love\" (1967).", "NBC – Huntley-Brinkley Report, Tarzan, Man from UNCLE (Agent Mark Slate (Noel Harrison) and Kuryakin attempt to train an entertainer (Joan Collins) to impersonate a baroness who works for THRUSH), T.H.E. Cat, Laredo", "Became a friend of Laurence Harvey , with whom he co-starred in The Manchurian Candidate (1962). According to Sinatra's valet, George Jacobs , Sinatra called him \"Ladyboy\" in recognition of Harvey's bisexuality. In an interview about the film that was included in the video recording, Sinatra expressed his sorrow that \"Larry\" was no longer alive.", "Thomas Gladysz is an arts journalist and early film buff, and the Director of the Louise Brooks Society, an internet-based archive and international fan club devoted to the silent film star. Gladysz has organized exhibits, contributed to books, appeared on television, and introduced the actress's films around the world. In 2010 for the Huffington Post, he reviewed Dear Stinkpot: Letters from Louise Brooks , by Jan Wahl. A few years earlier, in 2005, Joyce collaborated with Wahl on Humphrey's Bear.", "1942 - 'Mrs. Miniver' \| Teresa Wright, left, stars with Greer Garson, who also won an Academy Award for her performance.", "Thomas Gladysz is a Bay Area arts journalist and early film buff, and the Director of the Louise Brooks Society , an internet-based archive and international fan club devoted to the silent film star. Gladysz has contributed to books on the actress, organized exhibits, appeared on television and radio, and introduced Brooks’ films around the world, but alas always in English." ]	[ 4.56640625, 0.54150390625, 0.018218994140625, -4.0234375, -4.390625, -4.5, -4.8359375, -5.6171875, -6.08203125, -6.16015625, -6.4453125, -6.4765625, -6.84375, -6.859375, -7.24609375, -7.37109375, -7.6640625, -7.7109375, -7.73046875, -8.078125, -8.171875, -8.28125, -8.2890625, -8.3046875, -8.328125, -8.7734375, -9, -9.1953125, -9.6015625, -9.9140625, -10.125, -10.2890625 ]
What was Tootsie's name before he turned into Tootsie?	[ "Dustin Hoffman starred in the famous 1980's film TOOTSIE. But now, he cries explaining the realization of what it's like to be a woman. When he played the role as a hardworking yet unsuccessful man named Michael Dorsey in his movie TOOTSIE, nothing was working out in his life and career, so he decided to switch things up a bit.", "“Tootsie” is, in fact, the story of a man – namely Michael Dorsey, played by Dustin Hoffman. Michael is an actor, talented yet unemployable due to his reputation for being difficult to work with. When his friend Sandy (Teri Garr) misses out on a part in a soap, he decides to audition himself, disguised in drag, and somewhat miraculously gets the part. Only his agent and his roommate – played by director Sydney Pollack and Bill Murray respectively – are in on the secret. To everyone else, ‘Dorothy Michaels’ is the sweet-hearted, plain-talking and rather dowdy woman she appears – and that’s where the fun begins.", "Tootsie is a 1982 American comedy film that tells the story of a talented but volatile actor whose reputation for being difficult forces him to adopt a new identity as a woman to land a job. The movie stars Dustin Hoffman, with a supporting cast that includes Bill Murray, Jessica Lange, Teri Garr, Dabney Coleman, Charles Durning, Geena Davis (in her acting debut), Doris Belack and producer/director Sydney Pollack. Tootsie was adapted by Larry Gelbart, Barry Levinson (uncredited), Elaine May (uncredited) and Murray Schisgal from the story by Gelbart and Don McGuire.", "At the beginning of Sydney Pollack's rollicking, hip new comedy, Tootsie, Michael Dorsey is at the end of his rope. When Sandy (Teri Garr), an actress friend, is turned down for a role on a television soap opera, Michael decides to prove just how great his talents are.", "Dustin Hoffman (with his fifth nomination) as Michael Dorsey/'Dorothy' Michaels, who impersonated a feminist woman and fooled his/her co-actors in order to acquire a daytime soap-TV starring role, in Tootsie", "In this clip from the AFI Archive, actor Dustin Hoffman shares how the film TOOTSIE came to be and why he had to play the role of Dorothy Michaels.", "In Tootsie (1982), Hoffman portrays Michael Dorsey, a struggling actor who finds himself dressing up as a woman to land a role on a soap opera. His co-star was Jessica Lange. Tootsie earned ten Academy Award nominations, including Hoffman's fifth nomination.", "I don't for a minute disbelieve him. In a book called Making Tootsie, that film's executive producer recounts how Hoffman would only be part of the project \"if he gained complete control\". He worked on Tootsie for four years, and even gave the film its title, based on the name his mother used to call him.", "Tootsie is a 1982 film about an unemployed actor with a reputation for being difficult who disguises himself as a woman to get a role in a soap opera.", "After the extended opening in which Michael (Dustin Hoffman) has no luck getting any parts, we join the actor and his playwright roommate Jeff (Bill Murray) working at the restaurant, heading home, meeting Sandy (Teri Garr) among others, in Sydney Pollack's Tootsie, 1982.", "Toots - Sidney's twin sister, the only girl in the class and the youngest. A tomboy who can be as bossy as Danny when she wants to be, but has more of a heart than any of her friends. She is very tough and the boys have no problem letting her join in their games. Loves music and can often be seen with a \"boogie box\" (a CD-player) towing behind her or listening to headphones rather than teacher. In a recent issue, Toots claims she fancies Dennis the Menace and fires a Valentines card at him, using a toy rocket; [12] this strip was drawn by Nigel Parkinson . A recent strip has shown all the boys (except obviously Sidney) hoping to dance with her or get a Valentine's card from her, only for her to choose Winston the cat instead[ citation needed ].", "Tootsie Pops are known for the catch phrase \"How many licks does it take to get to the Tootsie Roll center of a Tootsie Pop?\". The phrase was first introduced in an animated commercial which debuted on U.S. television in 1969. In the original television ad, a questioning boy poses the question to a cow, a fox, a turtle and an owl. Each one of the first three animals tells the boy to ask someone else, explaining that they'd bite a Tootsie Pop every time they lick one. Eventually, he asks the owl, who starts licking it, but bites into the lollipop after only three licks, much to the chagrin of the boy, who gets the empty stick back. The commercial ends the same way, with various flavored Tootsie Pops unwrapped and being \"licked away\" until being crunched in the center. ", "Toots - Sidney's twin sister, the only girl in the class and the youngest. A classy tomboy who can be as bossy as Danny when she wants to be, but has more of a heart than any of her friends. She is very tough and the boys have no problem letting her join in their games. Loves music and can often be seen with a \"boogie box\" (a CD-player) towing behind her. In the later strips she is seen as a more central character and Danny's right hand man. She also indicates several times that she has a crush on him. However, in one issue, she attempted to give a valentines card to Dennis.", "In \"The Deadly Dares\" (Season 1, Episode 6), Potsie revealed how he got his nickname. He was asked, \"Potsie Weber? What kind of name is this?\" He replied, \"They call me Potsie because when I was a young boy I used to like to make things with clay, and one day my mother called me Potsie.\" ", "In his autobiography, Harpo explains that Milton became Gummo because he crept about the theater like a gumshoe detective. Other sources report that Gummo was the family's hypochondriac, having been the sickliest of the brothers in childhood, and therefore wore rubber overshoes, called gumshoes, in all kinds of weather. Still others report that Milton was the troupe's best dancer, and dance shoes tended to have rubber soles. Groucho stated that the source of the name was Gummo wearing galoshes. Whatever the details, the name relates to rubber-soled shoes.", "The character has gone through some major changes through his existence. The first one happened with The Pointer in 1939, where he was given pupils in his eyes, a skin colored face, and a pear-shaped body. In the 40's, he changed once more in The Little Whirlwind , where he used his trademark pants for the last time in decades, lost his tail, got more realistic ears that changed with perspective and a different body anatomy. But this change would only last for a short period of time before returning to the one in The Pointer, with the exception of his pants. In his final theatrical cartoons in the 50's, he was given eyebrows, which were removed in the more recent cartoons.", "His earliest impersonation was of a bird on August 9, 1951 . Later (starting November 17, 1955 ), Snoopy engaged in dead-on imitations of Violet, a pelican, Lucy, a moose, Beethoven and Mickey Mouse . He would also pretend to be various other animals, including a snake, rhinoceros, and vulture . But his eccentricities did not stop there.", "Snoopy has also imagined himself as a self-proclaimed \"famous\" writer (although his extremely short \"novels\" are never published, and the two-paragraph one that managed to get published failed to sell), a bow tie-wearing attorney (who once defended Peter Rabbit), a hockey player , an Olympic figure skater (who used to skate with Peggy Fleming before he became \"big time\"), and as a world famous grocery checkout clerk who operated from the top of his doghouse in an apron. He also imagined himself as an astronaut , claiming to be the first beagle on the moon in his delusional dreams.", "Laurel had Hardy, and Sherlock Holmes had Watson. It's only natural that the world's most famous beagle should have his own sidekick, in the form of a flutter-feathered \"chirp off the old block\" eventually named after the famous rock festival. Schulz actually experimented with little feathered friends decades before Woodstock earned his name and ongoing role as Snoopy's boon companion; aside from occasional bursts of winged enthusiasm, birds played a key role in lampooning the 1964 and 1968 political campaigns. As the years have passed since Woodstock's arrival, the beaky buddy lost the clumsiness of youth and matured into a dignified equal. But the central question remains: is Woodstock a boy...or a girl??? (Remember that egg!)", "Snoopy began his life in the strip as a fairly conventional dog and was a silent character for the first two years of his existence. He then started to verbalize his thoughts in “thought balloons” until in 1958 his character really took off when he stood up on his hind legs and started to become more human-like. ", "This cast list of who was in Tootsie includes both lead and minor roles. (16 items)", "harsher, cruder, in his early manifestations. Almost always he appeared, when at home, in his sock feet and without a shirt. He rarely does that now, because neither does anyone else. And Jiggs must be a recognizable human type, even though his actions are fantastically exaggerated. Jiggs, as he was originally, almost certainly would shock readers of comic pages in this second half of the twentieth century, even though he may have been hilariously funny 40 years ago.", "Krusty the Clown went from being a slightly weary and cynical old showbiz figure note Though he did show that he cared sometimes like the ending of \"Kamp Krusty\"., to a greedy, shameless sellout who doesn't care the slightest if his licensing products are crappy, or even downright dangerous . (He actually was originally Homer himself in disguise - note the artwork - but that was abandoned early.)", "Introduced in 1951, he started off as a sarcastic, deadpan little boy until Charlie Brown introduced him to Beethoven and the piano and gradually evolved into the musical prodigy and Beethoven fanboy he is today. Lucy often tries to hit on him, to little success. He is also set as the catcher on the gang's baseball team.", "Ross made Ritzik memorable. Ritzik was henpecked, dumb, and greedy, always an easy mark for Bilko's schemes. Whenever Ritzik had a sudden inspiration, he would hesitate and stammer \"Ooh! Ooh!\" before articulating his idea. The catch phrase came from the actor's own frustration when he couldn't remember his lines. Silvers would deliberately stray from the scripted dialogue and give Ross the wrong cues, prompting a genuinely confused reaction and an agonized \"Ooh! Ooh!\" from Ross.", "How many licks does it take? Scientists claim they’ve solved Tootsie Pop mystery \| Fox 59", "Trademark Favorite Food : By the time the Nineties rolled around, he was pretty obsessed with cookies. Also, angel food cake with seven minute frosting. But originally, it was candies, to the point where Shermy, Patty, and Charlie Brown had to trick him or otherwise give up their candy to him.", "Questioning Boy: Mr. Owl, how many licks does it take to get to the Tootsie Roll center of a Tootsie Pop!?", "Questioning Boy: Mr. Owl, how many licks does it take to get to the Tootsie Roll center of a Tootsie Pop?", "Boy: Mr. Owl, how many licks does it take to get to the Tootsie Roll center of a Tootsie Pop?", "Narrator (Herschel Bernardi): How many licks does it take to get to the Tootsie Roll center of a Tootsie Pop?", "Narrator: How many licks does it take to get to the Tootsie Roll center of a Tootsie Pop?" ]	[ 0.99267578125, 0.5283203125, -0.6337890625, -1.5283203125, -1.984375, -2.392578125, -2.5859375, -2.787109375, -2.822265625, -3.248046875, -4.48828125, -5.28125, -5.96875, -6.2109375, -6.22265625, -6.2578125, -6.51953125, -6.6640625, -6.859375, -6.87109375, -7.046875, -7.3125, -7.41796875, -7.55859375, -8.0625, -8.2265625, -9.59375, -10.4375, -10.515625, -10.6015625, -10.625, -10.9296875 ]
What was the first sequel to The Pink Panther called?	[ "The \"Pink Panther\" of the title is a diamond supposedly containing a flaw which forms the image of a \"leaping panther\" which can be seen if held up to light in a certain way. This is explained in the beginning of the first film, and the camera zooms in on the diamond to reveal the blurry flaw, which focuses into the Panther (albeit not actually leaping) to start the opening credits sequence (this is also done in Return). The plot of the first film is based on the theft of this diamond. The diamond reappears in several later films in the series, The Return of the Pink Panther, Trail of the Pink Panther and Curse of the Pink Panther, all with Sellers. It also appears in the revival of the Inspector Clouseau character in the much later Steve Martin films The Pink Panther (2006), and its sequel The Pink Panther 2 (2009). The name \"the Pink Panther\" became attached to Inspector Clouseau in much the same way that Frankenstein has been used in film titles to refer to Dr. Frankenstein's creation, or The Thin Man was used in a series of detective films.", "Three continents were spanned in Blake Edwards' comedy The Great Race (1965) with rivals Tony Curtis (as The Great Leslie) and Jack Lemmon (as mustached Professor Fate). The first in a long, popular series of sleuth-caper Pink Panther sequels was the original slapstick comedy The Pink Panther (1963) with the incomparable, bumbling, inept French police Inspector Jacques Clouseau (Peter Sellers in the first of five films) trailing a glove-dropping jewel thief named the Phantom (David Niven) in the Swiss Alps.", "Inspector Clouseau came to his rescue when Sir Lew Grade expressed an interest in a TV series based on the character. Clouseau's creator, writer-director Blake Edwards, whose career had also seen better days, convinced Grade to bankroll a feature instead, and \"Return of the Pink Panther\" (1975) was a major hit in the summer of \"Jaws\" and restored both men to prominence. Sellers would play Clouseau in two more successful sequels, \"The Pink Panther Strikes Again\" (1976) and \"The Revenge of the Pink Panther\" (1978), and Sellers would use his newly rediscovered clout to realize his dream of playing Chauncey Gardiner in a film adaptation of Jerzy Kosinski's novel \"Being There.\" Sellers had read the novel in 1972, but it took seven years for the film to reach the screen. \"Being There\" (1979) earned Sellers his second Oscar nomination, but he lost to Dustin Hoffman of \"Kramer vs. Kramer\" (1979).", "The remake of The Pink Panther , starring Steve Martin as Inspector Clouseau, directed by Shawn Levy , and produced by Robert Simonds , was released in February 2006 . This is the first Panther film to be released by Columbia Pictures , which along with UA sister studio Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer is part of the Sony / Comcast consortium. It is set in the present day and introduces different main characters, therefore belonging to a different continuity. Martin also stars in a sequel, The Pink Panther 2 , released in 2009 and has also revealed that he is negotiating on The Pink Panther 3. However Robert Simonds announced in December 2009 that following the excellent DVD sales of the 2nd Pink Panther sequel that a 3rd film would likely feature another actor and that he was in negotiations with The Office star Ed Helms to take over the role of Clouseau.", "Christophe Beck rearranged the music for the 2006 reboot, as well as its sequel, The Pink Panther 2. Paul Oakenfold remixed the theme song for the 2006 film.", "The film that launched the second Pink Panther series, The Pink Panther, starring Martin as Clouseau, directed by Shawn Levy and produced by Robert Simonds, was released in February 2006 by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer and was co-produced with Columbia Pictures. It is set in the present day and introduces different main characters, therefore belonging to a different continuity. Martin also stars in the sequel, The Pink Panther 2, released in 2009.", "Wass' option for several sequels was never taken up, though Edwards did start planning what would become Son of the Pink Panther around the time of the settlement - but MGM wasn't interested. They went ahead with a TV Movie in 1989 called The New Pink Panther. Gary Nelson directed Charlie Schlatter as a wise-guy TV reporter investigating an arsonist. Schlatter teams up with the cartoon Panther (who talks) to solve crimes. This Roger Rabbit knock-off never aired. Finally, afrer much effort, Edwards's Son was released in 1993, starring Roberto Benigni as Clouseau's illegitimate son. However, like this and Trail, it didn't do well at the box-office, signalling Edwards' involvement with the franchise for good.", "Dreyfus (Herbert Lom) and Clouseau (Peter Sellers). 'The Pink Panther Strikes Again'. now works as a bouncer at a nightclub. He also runs a youth centre for troubled youngsters. When he learns that the centre will have to close through lack of money, Bruise agrees to enter a Toughest Man in the World contest with a first prize of 100,000 dollars. See pages 12-19 Bruise Brubaker Mr T Dick Dennis Dugan Billy Green John P Navin Jr Esther Peggy Pope Leslie Lynne Moody Matty Joe Greco with Tom Milanovich TELEPLAY JIMMY SANGSTER RICHARD A GUTTMAN BASED ON A STORY BY VINCENT BONO DIRECTOR DICK LOWRY", "The studio was sold to Marvel Comics in 1981, and became Marvel Productions. In 1984, the Pink Panther was licensed to produced the short-lived Saturday morning series, Pink Panther and Sons in which the still-silent Pink Panther was given two talking sons, Pinky and Panky. Yet another new series of cartoons, called The Pink Panther, produced by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Animation, premiered in syndication in 1993, and had the Pink Panther speaking with the voice of Matt Frewer (of Max Headroom fame). Unlike the original shorts, not all episode titles contained the word \"pink,\" although many instead contained the word \"panther.\"", "Herbert Lom, left, as police chief Charles Dreyfus and Peter Sellers as Inspector Clouseau in the 1976 film The Pink Panther Strikes Again. Keystone/Getty Images hide caption", "A commercially successful revival, The Pink Panther, starring Steve Martin as Clouseau, was released in 2006, though this film is a rebooting of the franchise rather than a continuation or remake. Martin once again played Clouseau in The Pink Panther 2, though that film was not as successful as the first.", "Through 1966 Peter Sellers was heavily involved in the flop that was Casino Royale, which seriously damaged his reputation as a star at a time when his health problems led him to be considered an insurance risk by Hollywood studios. The Mirisch Corporation eventually decided to make a Pink Panther sequel with neither Sellers nor Edwards, asking actor Alan Arkin to star and hiring director Bud Yorkin. No other character or actor from the Pink Panther series would appear in that film, and it would be the first time that brothers Tom and Frank Waldman wrote a Pink Panther script. Sellers, when he heard that the film was going ahead without him, allegedly contacted the Mirisch Corporation, expressing a willingness to make the film provided the script received his approval. The Mirisch Corporation rejected his offer, filming went ahead, and 1968's Inspector Clouseau was a commercial and critical disaster.", "As I have openly indicated and re-indicated over the last two weeks of The Series Project – wherein I've been covering all eleven films in the long-running Pink Panther series – the Pink Panther movies exist in a constant state of reboot. Almost every single chapter in this long-running series feels like an attempt by the filmmakers to start fresh with the first chapter in a whole new series. One may be able to admire the ingenuity of this approach – some long-running film series could benefit from a constant introduction of new ideas rather than the tired rehashing of old tropes – but The Pink Panther movies have never settled down long enough to really establish too many old tropes. Oddly enough, it won't be until we reach the final film in the series (which is a sequel to a reboot, no less) that the notion of an actual workable sequel-able notion will be introduced. Yes, dear readers, you'll actually find me in support of a remake. To The Pink Panther. Trust me, I was just as shocked as you were.", "The 1968 film does appear to have had an impact on the Clouseau character when Sellers returned to the role in 1975's The Return of the Pink Panther, particularly in the character's mode of dress. The opening credits were animated by Richard Williams, featuring Clouseau once again seeking to retrieve the Pink Panther diamond after it is stolen by the Phantom, Sir Charles Lytton. The roles of Sir Charles and Lady Lytton are recast, now played by Christopher Plummer and Catherine Schell.", "The Pink Panther Strikes Again continues the story from the end of The Return of the Pink Panther, featuring the now-insane Dreyfus creating a crime syndicate and constructing a doomsday machine with the intention of using it to blackmail the world to kill Clouseau. Footage shot for this film was used to include Sellers in Trail of the Pink Panther. The opening credits were again animated by Richard Williams.", "After this phenomenal success, United Artists quickly commissioned a sequel. The Waldman brothers had already had one in mind, which they had drafted when The Return of the Pink Panther project was going to be a television series.", "The first film in the series had an animated opening sequence, created by DePatie-Freleng Enterprises and set to the theme music by Henry Mancini, which featured the Pink Panther character. This character, designed by Hawley Pratt, was subsequently the subject of its own series of animated cartoons which gained its greatest fame when aired on Saturday mornings as The Pink Panther Show. The character would be featured in the opening of every film in the movie series except A Shot in the Dark and Inspector Clouseau...", "This was the last film in the original Pink Panther series. The previous film was Trail of the Pink Panther (1982) which told how Inspector Clouseau disappeared (using unused footage of Peter Sellers from other films combined with new scenes featuring his co-stars). That film and this film are closely linked with the story continuing and uses many of the same characters. Peter Sellers does not appear in this film in any archive footage.", "Although the two most recent Pink Panther films starred Steve Martin , most of the films in the series starred Peter Sellers as Inspector Clouseau and were directed and co-written by Blake Edwards. The popular jazz-based theme music was composed by Henry Mancini. In addition to the credits sequences, the theme accompanies any suspenseful sequence involving \"the Phantom\" at work on a theft, both in the first and in subsequent films.", "The film was not originally written to include Clouseau, but was an adaptation of a stage play by Harry Kurnitz adapted from the French play L'Idiote by Marcel Achard. The film was released only a few months after the first Clouseau film, The Pink Panther.", "Film star Roger Moore was, in fact, Clouseau after very extensive plastic surgery. Clouseau has become Countess Chandra's lover and partner in crime. When Clouseau and Chandra open her hidden wall safe to admire The Pink Panther, they discover they have been robbed, and a white monogrammed glove has been left behind. \"Swine Phantom!\" mutters Clouseau, knowing only too well who is responsible for the theft. In the final scene, Sir Charles, Simone, and George are sailing away on board their yacht with The Pink Panther jewel, which Simone has stolen.", "\"The Phantom\" is a jewel thief, Clouseau's archenemy (after Dreyfus) in several of the films and known to the public as Sir Charles Lytton. He serves as the primary villain of the first film, at the end of which (and with help from Clouseau's wife and an exiled princess) he frames Clouseau for his past robberies and has him temporarily sent to prison. This ignites Clouseau's thirst for revenge in the third Sellers/Edwards film, in which the Pink Panther is stolen from a museum.", "Jacques Clouseau makes his first appearance as the Inspector in the 1963 film The Pink Panther, which was released in the United States in March, 1964. In this movie, the main focus was on David Niven's role as Sir Charles Lytton, the infamous jewel thief nicknamed \"the Phantom\", and his plan to steal the Pink Panther diamond; while the Clouseau character plays a supporting role as Lytton's incompetent antagonist, and provides slapstick comic relief. In this film, Clouseau's wife Simone (Capucine), is secretly Sir Charles' lover and accomplice, and departs with him at the end of the film", "The Pink Panther was intended as a film about a jewel-thief, with Inspector Clouseau a minor character. Despite few changes to the script, Peter Seller's performance stole the stage, inspired in part by the dignity of Stan Laurel, which matched perfectly with director Blake Edwards' love of early silent Buster Keaton comedies.", "r8, the Pink Panther was originally the name of the actual diamond being stolen in the first movie.", "Revenge of the Pink Panther (1978): Clouseau is now so famous that the head of the French mob, to prove his mettle to the American Mafia, puts out a hit on him - three actually, as Clouseau's luck saves him from death each time. The thing is, the third time appears to have been the charm to everyone else, leaving Clouseau to go undercover with Cato to figure out who wanted him dead. Oh, and Dreyfus is \"cured\" by the news of Clouseau's death, and set free again.", "Speaking of slapstick, I'll have a brief rant about it when I discuss the second film in the Pink Panther series…", "In 1962 he appeared in The Pink Panther as a last-minute replacement for Sir Peter Ustinov. This was a minor role, billed fifth after Sir Charles Lytton, Simone Clouseau, George Lytton and Princess Dala. However, with director Blake Edwards' support he transformed the role he had been given into the starring lead without changing the screenplay through his physical presence and talent.", "In the early 1970s, Blake Edwards wrote a 15-20 page outline for another Pink Panther film and presented it to series producer Walter Mirisch. The producer loved the idea, but the franchise's main backer, United Artists, rejected the film as they had no intention to work with Edwards nor Peter Sellers, whose careers had declined.", "Cato has long held a desire to own and run a high-class brothel and later opens a museum to Inspector Clouseau's memory. Cato is the only recurring character in the Pink Panther series to have been played by only one actor, Burt Kwouk.", "And Peter Sellers appeared as clumsy, inept, and accident-prone French Inspector Jacques Clouseau in the popular series of slapstick Pink Panther detective comedies in the 60s with theme music supplied by Henry Mancini - and after (recently two films with comedian Steve Martin):", "The feature adaptation of Roger Lewis' book about the actor best remembered as Inspector Clouseau in the Pink Panther movies." ]	[ 3.470703125, 3.3359375, 3.171875, 1.357421875, 0.751953125, 0.6474609375, 0.47802734375, 0.4384765625, 0.276123046875, 0.21630859375, 0.0726318359375, -0.4951171875, -0.60546875, -0.7724609375, -1.1376953125, -1.296875, -1.3193359375, -1.61328125, -1.7353515625, -2.2265625, -2.4921875, -2.517578125, -2.640625, -3.404296875, -3.435546875, -3.8359375, -4.41015625, -5, -5.11328125, -5.61328125, -5.64453125, -6.00390625 ]
Who played the title role in the film version of Jesus Christ Superstar?	[ "“Jesus Christ Superstar” (1971), another collaboration with Rice, began life as a double album. Concert tours of the “rock opera” followed, and ultimately, a stage version emerged. “Superstar,” the story of the crucifixion of Jesus Christ as seen through the eyes of Pontius Pilate, garnered seven Tony Awards, including Best Musical and Best Score. Mary Magdalene’s song “I Don’t Know How to Love Him” became a pop standard. The 1973 film version starred Ted Neeley and Carl Anderson.", "CHICAGO – What can be said for a man who has portrayed Jesus close to 5,000 times, and starred in the definitive Broadway and film versions of the most famous rock opera about Christ? Ted Neeley is as virtuous as his famous title role in “Jesus Christ Superstar.”", "Back in 1973, the rock drummer-turned-Broadway screamer played the title character in the popular film version of “Jesus Christ Superstar.” He played Jesus of Nazareth’s understudy in the original Broadway production, starred in a revival in the 1990s and appears in the current touring production, which visits San Luis Obispo tonight.", "Title character Ted Neely asleep, Yvonne Elliman (as Mary Magdalene) with a hit song in the desert night, from Andrew Lloyd Weber and Tim Rice's Jesus Christ Superstar, 1973, directed by Norman Jewison.", "Jesus Christ Superstar Told entirely in song, images and music, highlights the last week of Christ's life, based on the Tim Rice/Andrew Lloyd Webber broadway in turn based on the best-selling double-record of the same name. In widescreen for the first time. 25th anniversary in THX. Stars Ted Neeley, Carl Anderson, Yvonne Elliman. Universal, 1973, MPAA rating: G, $14.98", "Notable figures who have played Pontius Pilate in various dramas include Telly Savalas (The Greatest Story Ever Told), Rod Steiger (Jesus of Nazareth), Hurd Hatfield (King of Kings), Frank Thring (Ben-Hur), Richard Boone (The Robe), Gary Oldman (Jesus), and Arthur Kennedy (Barabbas). Bulgarian actor Hristo Naumov Shopov portrayed Pilate in Mel Gibson's The Passion of The Christ, while British musician David Bowie played the character in Martin Scorsese's controversial The Last Temptation of Christ. Jean Gabin portrayed Pilate in the 1935 French film Golgotha. Barry Dennen played the harried, hesitant version of Pilate in both the Broadway and film versions of Jesus Christ Superstar.", "Before it was a theatre act, Broadway play, or motion picture, Jesus Christ Superstar was simply a 1970 rock album produced by composer Andrew Lloyd Webber and lyricist by Tim Rice. The work is loosely based on the four Gospels’ accounts of the last weeks of the life of Jesus Christ, but takes much liberty in interpretting the philosophical and interpersonal dynamics between Jesus and his apostles, especially Judas Iscariot, the man who would ultimately betray him. The work largely follows the form of a traditional passion play but with a twentieth century interpretation with a focus on the psychology of Jesus and the other characters.", "Mutual admiration: Tim Minchin, who is playing Judas in Jesus Christ Superstar, with Andrew Lloyd Webber Photo: Martin Pope", "Ted Neeley almost missed out on being cast in Jesus Christ Superstar (1973). After inviting director Norman Jewison to see him in a matinee performance of The Who's Tommy (1975), he was injured during a show just prior to the one Jewison had bought a ticket to see. He recovered in time for the next show. Immediately following this, he drove from Los Angeles to Jewison's hotel in Palm Springs and dressed up as Jesus Christ. (Norman was leaving for Israel soon thereafter, to shoot the movie.) Not only did Jewison accept his explanation and apology, but he also gave him the title role in the film. See more »", "Directed by Norman Jewison. Cast: Ted Neeley, Carl Anderson, Yvonne Elliman, Barry Dennen. A rock opera depicting in song, dance, and music, the story of the last week of Christ's life, his betrayal and crucifixion as seen from the point of view of Judas. Based on the rock opera Jesus Christ Superstar, book and lyrics by Tim Rice, music by Andrew Lloyd Webber. 108 min. DVD 570", "Rock musicals were an important development at this time. The local production of Hair brought future \"Queen of Pop\" Marcia Hines to Australia in 1970. In 1972 a commercially successful and critically praised Sydney production of Jesus Christ Superstar premiered, which included Hines, Jon English, Reg Livermore, two future members of Air Supply, Stevie Wright, John Paul Young and Rory O'Donoghue. It was directed by Jim Sharman, who had international success as the director of both the original stage production and the film version of The Rocky Horror Show.", "He auditioned to play Jesus Christ in Jesus Christ Superstar (1973), which went to Ted Neeley .", "Elliman played the Magdalene role in the 1973 film version of Jesus Christ Superstar and won a Golden Globe award for her performance.", "Andrew Lloyd Webber and Tim Rice—Jesus Christ Superstar (1970) (Lloyd Webber and Rice released it as an album before turning it into a stage production)", "“Tim Minchin is simply superb in the role. He sings amazingly well, but it is his face full of weary intelligence that keeps the heart of the show pure, in the midst of all the amplification (the sound is very much that of a rock gig) and razzmatazz…But it is Minchin who proves that Jesus Christ Superstar is a work of conceptual genius.” (The Telegraph)", "Jesus Christ Superstar first came to major theatres when it debuted on Broadway in October 1971 at the Mark Hellinger Theatre in New York. The Broadway production ran for 720 performances, closing two years later after grossing £2.8 million at the box office, and Andrew Lloyd Webber won the prestigious Drama Desk Award as Most Promising Composer for Jesus Christ Superstar in 1972.", "Working with a cast that included Murray Headï¿½later of the pop hit \"One Night In Bangkok\" (1985)ï¿½in the role of Judas, and Yvonne Ellimanï¿½of the 1977 #1 hit \"If I Can't Have You\"ï¿½as Mary Magdalene, Lloyd Webber and Rice recorded the Jesus Christ Superstar album in the summer of 1970 and released it in Britain and the United States the following fall.", "* Barry Dennen, in Norman Jewison's musical Jesus Christ Superstar (1973), portrayed a cruel Pilate who after suffering a prophetic dream (which in the Gospel of Matthew is dreamed by Pilate's wife) is very reluctant to put Christ to death, but succumbs to mob pressures.", "Elliman performed \"I Don't Know How to Love Him\" when she played the Mary Magdalene role first in the Broadway production of Jesus Christ Superstar, which opened at the Mark Hellinger Theatre 12 October 1971, and then in the movie version, her respective renderings being featured on both the Broadway cast album and the soundtrack album for the film. Her version of \"I Don't Know How to Love Him\" from the movie soundtrack gave Elliman a hit in Italy (#21) in 1974. Elliman has also performed \"I Don't Know How to Love Him\" when revisiting her Mary Magdalene role, first at a Jesus Christ Superstar concert by the University of Texas at El Paso Dinner Theatre staged 14 April 2003, and then for a live-in-concert one-night only performance of Jesus Christ Superstar on 13 August 2006 at the Ricardo Montalban Theater in Los Angeles. ", "Moyles as Herod in Jesus Christ Superstar in 2012, with Tim Minchin, Ben Forster and and Melanie C. Photograph: Dave J Hogan/Getty Images", "He went on to tour with the likes of Sammy Davis Jnr and Olivia Newton-John before starring in Jesus Christ Superstar.", "Best known for his nearly 40-year association with the musical sensation \"Jesus Christ Superstar,\" actor-singer-voice artist Barry Dennen has a multi-media resume.", "The Robert Stigwood production of “Jesus Christ Superstar” has grossed over $62 million in both box office receipts and the sale of original cast albums in the U.S. alone. The original concert version of the show has played 454 performances in 155 cities across the U.S. Preparations are being made for staging the show in Finland, Austria, Switzerland, Belgium, Argentina, Chile, Venezuela, New Zealand, Hong Kong, Holland and Italy.", "In 2000, Mayall appeared in the video production of Jesus Christ Superstar as King Herod. He joked in the \"Making of\" documentary, which was included on the DVD release, that \"the real reason why millions of people want to come and see this is because I'm in it! Me and Jesus!\"", "A film version of the musical was released in 1973, set in modern New York and starring Victor Garber (of the first Canadian cast) as Jesus, David Haskell (of the original cast) as John the Baptist/Judas, and Lynne Thigpen in her first film role. John-Michael Tebelak co-wrote the screenplay and served as the creative consultant. The song \"Beautiful City\" was written for and first included in the film. \"Prologue/Tower Of Babel\" was left out, and \"Learn Your Lessons Well\" and \"We Beseech Thee\" were reduced to minor musical interludes. Original cast members Robin Lamont, Gilmer McCormick, Joanne Jonas, and Jeffrey Mylett also appear.", "Jesus Christ Superstar and Godspell appeared at about the same time, and David and I were simultaneously invited on to some religious television chat show. That was in 1972 or early 73. It was \"God in Contemporary Music\" or something, and Father Trevor Huddlestone was on as well. I remember Andrew [Lloyd Webber] and I were a bit worried when we heard about Godspell. We thought, \"oh my God, someone's ripped us off\", but the two appeared totally coincidentally. They are very different and complemented each other. I remember on this programme saying how good I thought it was, and David saying he really enjoyed Superstar. The producers, probably hoping for a bit of a punch-up, didn't get it.", "As a theatrical performer John has starred in all the classics from Hair to Godspell, Dracula, Jesus Christ Superstar, My Fair Lady, The Sound Of Music, They're Playing Our Song, The Hunting of the Snark, A Little Night Music, Love Letters, Children of a Lesser God, Oliver, The Graduate, An Ideal Husband , Influence, The Rocky Horror Show and The Swimming Club. In 2013 John starred as Gomez Addams in The Addams Family Musical.", "The cast of 'Jesus Christ Superstar' perform onstage at the 66th Annual Tony Awards at The Beacon Theatre on June 10, 2012 in New York City.", "<p style='text-align: center'><img src='http://tm.tm-cdn.com/photos/whatsonstage/v1finw130x144.15y35.65w344.1h344width130/regentand39s-park-open-air-theatre-100610.jpg' /></p>A new production of <em>Jesus Christ Superstar</em> features as part of the line-up", "Original Concept Recording. Jesus Christ Superstar – \"A Rock Opera\" '. Universal City, CA: MCA Records Inc.[USA], ©1993 (released 24 SEP 1996). Cat. No. MCAD2-11542 [2 CDs], UPC 008811154226", "Look out for a nine-night community production of the musical Jesus Christ, Superstar, in the Nave of the Cathedral this summer. With a cast of 200, and audiences of 450 each night, it’s set to be a superb production with dazzling acting and choreography.", "The 68-year-old is probably best known for starring as Jesus in Franco Zeffirelli’s production of Jesus of Nazareth." ]	[ 6.265625, 6.20703125, 5.37109375, 3.701171875, 2.751953125, 2.48828125, 2.443359375, 2.287109375, 1.736328125, 1.486328125, 1.4130859375, 1.3681640625, 1.263671875, 1.123046875, 1.0986328125, 1.0029296875, 0.92138671875, 0.73095703125, 0.49853515625, 0.395751953125, 0.360107421875, -0.20166015625, -1.265625, -1.4208984375, -1.4599609375, -1.9375, -2.1796875, -4.60546875, -4.87890625, -4.9921875, -5.8046875, -7.81640625 ]
What was the name of the sax player in New York New York who fell for Francine?	[ "The story opens on V-J Day in 1945. A massive celebration in a New York City nightclub is underway, music provided by the Tommy Dorsey Orchestra. While there Jimmy Doyle (Robert De Niro), a selfish and smooth-talking saxophone player, meets Francine Evans (Liza Minnelli), a small-time singer. Francine is lonely but still, she wants nothing to do with Jimmy, who keeps pestering her for her phone number.", "Directed by Martin Scorsese. Cast: Liza Minnelli, Robert DeNiro, Lionel Standler, Barry Primus, Mary Kay Place. Jimmy Doyle is a jazz saxophone player on the make, while Francine Evans is a singer on the rise. Their budding romance flourishes into marriage and a professional working relationship, but the ambitions that brought them together eventually sweep them tragically apart. Special features: Introduction by Martin Scorsese; audio commentary by director Martin Scorsese and film critic Carrie Rickey; alternate takes; deleted scenes; photo gallery; theatrical trailer & teaser. 169 min. DVD 3534", "Jimmy records a song of his on his saxophone which tops the charts, and Francine cements her stardom after singing Jimmy's song, \"New York, New York\". Her performance, received by a wildly appreciative audience, takes place in the same nightclub where, years earlier, she and Jimmy had met. After the show, Jimmy telephones his ex-wife, suggesting they get together for dinner. Francine is tempted, heads toward the stage door exit, but at the last moment changes her mind. Jimmy, waiting on the sidewalk, realizes he has been stood up and heads off down the street, accompanied by the song he has written—the \"Theme from New York, New York\".", "Many musicians are keeping the free jazz style alive in the present day. Two major scenes are based in New York and Chicago. In New York, players include Charles Gayle, William Parker, Matana Roberts, Chad Taylor, John Zorn, Assif Tsahar, Tom Abbs, Kenny Werner, and Chris Speed. In Chicago, notable performers are Fred Anderson, Nicole Mitchell, Ernest Dawkins, Ken Vandermark, and Hamid Drake.", "Scott Hamilton began playing when he was 16 and developed quickly, exploring pre-bop jazz at a high level. He moved to New York in 1976, playing with Benny Goodman in the late '70s, but he has mostly performed as a leader, sometimes sharing the spotlight with Warren Vache, Ruby Braff, Rosemary Clooney, the Concord Jazz All-Stars, or George Wein's Newport Jazz Festival All-Stars. Scott has also worked with Ed Trabanco, Chuck Riggs, Carl Jefferson, Phil Flanigan, Phil Edwards, Nat Pierce, Dave McKenna, Jake Hanna, Chris Flory, John Bunch. His big influences are Zoot Sims, Ben Webster, Don Byas, Lester Young and Illinois Jacquet. Scott is considered to be one of the few musicians of real talent who carried the tradition of the classic jazz tenor saxophone in the style of Ben Webster, Coleman Hawkins as well as Zoot Sims and Don Byas forward.", ". 2001 ~ Jerry Jerome, a tenor sax player who was a featured soloist with the bands of Glenn Miller and Benny Goodman , died of leukemia. He was 89. One of the big names in the Big Band era, Jerome was a featured soloist with the Glenn Miller , Benny Goodman , Red Norvo and Artie Shaw orchestras. He then became a successful musical director and conductor on radio and television. Jerome also established a music business, scoring and arranging commercial jingles. Three years ago, Arbors Records released Jerome's \"Something Old, Something New.\" The sequel recording, \"Something Borrowed, Something Blue,\" will be released in December. Born in Brooklyn, N.Y., Jerome started playing the sax while in high school. He attended the University of Alabama and went on the medical school, playing gigs at jazz clubs to earn tuition money. He joined Goodman's orchestra at the height of its popularity in 1938. When Goodman broke up his band in 1940, Jerome joined Shaw. While with Shaw, he appeared in the film \"Second Chorus,\" with Fred Astaire and Burgess Meredith.", "* Saxophone (Alto): Cannonball Adderley, Lee Konitz, Charles McPherson, Frank Morgan, Charlie Parker, Art Pepper, Sonny Stitt", "Amercian saxophonist Clarence Clemons born in Norfolk, Virginia, when just 18 he had one of his earliest studio experiences, recording sessions with Tyrone Ashley's Funky Music Machine, a band from Plainfield, New Jersey that included Ray Davis, Eddie Hazel and Billy Bass Nelson, all of whom would go onto play with Parliament-Funkadelic. These sessions were eventually released in 2007. Since '72 he has been a prominent member of Bruce Springsteen's E Street Band, playing the saxophone and has became known by fans as The Big Man. He has also released several solo albums in 1985 he had a hit single with \"You're a Friend of Mine\", a duet with Jackson Browne. As a guest musician he has also featured on Aretha Franklin's \"Freeway of Love\" and on Twisted Sister's \"Be Chrool to Your Scuel\" as well as performing in concert with The Grateful Dead and Ringo Starr & His All-Starr Band. As an actor Clemons has featured in several films, including New York, New York and Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventure. He also made cameo appearances in several TV series' such as Diff'rent Strokes, Nash Bridges, The Simpsons and The Wire. Together with his television writer friend Don Reo he published his autobiography, \"Big Man: Real Life & Tall Tales,\" in 2009.", "In December 1974, Vaughan played a private concert for the United States President Gerald Ford and French president Giscard d'Estaing during their summit on Martinique. Also in 1974, conductor Michael Tilson Thomas asked Vaughan to participate in an all-Gershwin show he was planning for a guest appearance with the Los Angeles Philharmonic at the Hollywood Bowl. The arrangements were by Marty Paich and the orchestra would be augmented by established jazz artists Dave Grusin on piano, Ray Brown on double bass, drummer Shelly Manne and saxophonists Bill Perkins and Pete Christlieb. The concert was a success and Thomas and Vaughan repeated the performance with Thomas' home orchestra in Buffalo, New York, followed by appearances in 1975 and 1976 with symphony orchestras around the country. These performances fulfilled a long-held interest by Vaughan in working with symphonies and she was featured in orchestra performances for the remainder of the decade with Thomas and other conductors.", "In 1939, Dizzy joined Cab Calloway's big band, which was one of the highest-paid black bands in New York at the time. When he was in this group, he began to develop an interest in the fusion of jazz and Afro-Cuban music, because of his friendship with Mario Bauzi, who was also in the same band. During the same period, he began to diverge from Eldridge's playing and he recorded one of his earliest compositions, the instrumental “Pickin in the Cabbage” in 1940. While touring in 1940, Gillespie met Charlie Parker in Kansa City and he soon started joining Parker, Thelonious Monk, Kenny Clarke, and others for after-hours jam session in New York. This group of young, experimenting players gradually developed the new, more complex style of jazz that was called bop.", "Jazz saxophonist and composer, born in New York City, USA. He learned to play piano, alto saxophone, and tenor saxophone while at school, and early on worked and recorded with major bebop figures such as Charlie Parker and Miles Davis. From the mid-1950s he emerged as an important voice in the hard bop movement. His use of calypso themes reflects his roots in the Virgin Is, and he is considere…", "American tenor and soprano saxophonist, born in Cincinnati, Frank moved to Detroit in 1949, and joined Count Basie's big band in 1953. From 1970 to 1972 he played with Elvin Jones, and in 1972 and 1975 with the Thad JonesMel Lewis big band. He was also an Artist in Residence at the New England Conservatory of Music in Boston in 1971. He also started teaching for the New York City Public School System in District 5, Harlem. From 1972 to 1976, Frank was full-time Assistant Professor in the Black Studies Program at the State College of New York at Buffalo. He also formed and lead several groups, most notably Living Color and The Loud Minority. He co-led a quintet with Frank Wess in 1983, and toured Europe as a member of Jimmy Smith's quintet in 1985. June 1986 saw him succeed Thad Jones as leader of the Count Basie Orchestra, receiving two Grammy Awards: first for his big band arrangement of the Diane Schuur composition \"Deedles Blues\"-Best Arrangement Accompanying a Vocal, Jazz category, 1987, and second for his arrangement of the renowned guitarist/vocalist George Bensons composition \"Basies Bag\"- Best Big Band Instrumental, Jazz category, 1988. He departed from the band in 1995, after which he resumed his leadership of three musical groups: The Non-Electric Company, a jazz quartet/quintet; Swing Plus - a 12-piece band; and The Loud Minority Big Band, an 18-piece concert jazz orchestra.", "Buddy Tate. was born George Holmes Tate in Sherman, Texas, he taught himself to play saxophone by listening to Louis Armstrong records. By his early teens he was playing in his family's quartet called McCloud's Night Owls. Through the late 20's and most of the 30's he played and toured with Terence \"T\" Holder, Andy Kirk, and Nat Towles, before joining Count Basie Orchestra in 1939 for 10 years. The 50's to 70's see's Buddy on 4 European tours in 1959, 1961, 1967, 1968 with Illinois Jacquet; he worked with, among many others, Lucky Millinder; Milt Buckner Hot Lips Page; ex-Basie singer Jimmy Rushing; led a group with Bobby Rosengarden at the Rainbow Room; co-led a band with saxophonist Paul Quinichette at New Yorks West End Cafe; was house bandleader at Celebrity Club, New York City. The 80's and 90's see's him touring and appearing at all the top festivals with his own Quintet and playing regularly with Lionel Hampton. In 1992 he also took part in the documentary, Texas Tenor: The Illinois Jacquet Story. His final appearance on disc came at the invitation of the rising saxophone star James Carter, who duetted with Buddy on two tunes on his Conversin With The Elders CD in 1996, including Blue Creek which featured Buddy on clarinet. Sadly he had to retire in the late 90's due to cancer, after entertaining us for over 7 decades.", " David Sanborn – saxophonist (born July 30, 1945) is an American alto saxophonist, most commonly associated with radio-friendly smooth jazz and pop-jazz fusion. He has been a highly regarded the late 1960s, playing with an array of well-known artists, such as Eric Clapton, Roger Daltrey, Stevie Wonder, Paul Simon, Jaco Pastorius, the Brecker Brothers, David Bowie, Little Feat, Bob James, James Taylor, Al Jarreau, George Benson, Joe Beck, Donny Hathaway, Elton John, Gil Evans, Carly Simon, Linda Ronstadt, Billy Joel, Roger Waters, Steely Dan, Ween, The Eagles, the German group Nena, and Japanese pop star Utada Hikaru. Sanborn was born in Tampa, Florida and grew up in Kirkwood, Missouri. He suffered from polio in his youth, and began playing the saxophone on a physician’s advice to strengthen his weakened chest muscles and improve his breathing.", "Stanley \"Stan\" Getz (February 2, 1927 – June 6, 1991) was an American jazz saxophonist. Playing primarily the tenor saxophone, Getz was known as \"The Sound\" because of his warm, lyrical tone, his prime influence being the wispy, mellow timbre of his idol, Lester Young. Coming to prominence in the late 1940s with Woody Herman's big band, Getz is described by critic Scott Yanow as \"one of the all-time great tenor saxophonists\". Getz went on to perform in bebop and cool jazz, but is perhaps best known for popularizing bossa nova, as in the worldwide hit single \"The Girl from Ipanema\" (1964) performed with Astrud Gilberto and for his work done under the influence of João Gilberto and Antonio Carlos Jobim.", "That saxophone solo was performed by Artie Kaplan, who was also the contractor for the recording session. Kaplan was a song plugger in Aldon Music's publishing department and also Aldon's Music Contractor. Among many other things, he was the one who discovered Tony Orlando while eating lunch at the diner across the street from the Brill Building. As songwriter Barry Mann's roommate, he was there to see the beginning of Mann's relationship to songwriter Cynthia Weil.", "In the end, Quincy Jones became more than just a player. He probably would have never had the same impact on modern American music had he remained only a trumpeter. Though competent on the instrument, he could not attain the virtuosic heights of the players he most admired: Dizzy Gillespie, Clark Terry, Fats Navarro, Art Farmer, and, especially, Clifford Brown.", "The burly saxophone player who played a crucial role in shaping Bruce Springsteen's early sound, has died, six days after suffering a stroke at his Florida home. He was 69.", "William James \"Count\" Basie (August 21, 1904 – April 26, 1984) was an American jazz pianist, organist, bandleader, and composer. His mother taught him to play the piano and he started performing in his teens. Dropping out of school, he learned to operate lights for vaudeville and to improvise accompaniment for silent films at a local movie theater in his home town of Red Bank, New Jersey. By 16, he increasingly played jazz piano at parties, resorts and other venues. In 1924, he went to Harlem, where his performing career expanded; he toured with groups to the major jazz cities of Chicago, St. Louis and Kansas City. In 1929 he joined Bennie Moten's band in Kansas City, and played with them until Moten's death in 1935.", "Woody Allen and his New Orleans Jazz Band play every Monday evening at Manhattan's Carlyle Hotel, specializing in classic New Orleans jazz from the early twentieth century. [58] The documentary film Wild Man Blues (directed by Barbara Kopple) documents a 1996 European tour by Allen and his band, as well as his relationship with Previn. The band has released two CDs: The Bunk Project (1993) and the soundtrack of Wild Man Blues (1997).", "Lee Allen, 66, soulful rhythm and blues saxophonist who backed such singers as Fats Domino and Little Richard. A native of Kansas, Allen moved to New Orleans in 1944 to attend Xavier University on a music and athletic scholarship. Within four years, he was considered a professional saxophonist. Known for his solos, in 1957 Allen had a solo hit record, \"Walkin' with Mr. Lee.\" He later turned to rock and roll, touring in the 1980s with the Rolling Stones and the Blasters. On Oct.", "Oliver arrived in Chicago in early 1918, responding to invitations from two bands, Lawrence Duhe’s Band at the prestigious Dreamland Café, and Bill Johnson’s at the Royal Gardens. In January of 1920 Oliver formed his own band: the initial line-up included pianist Lil Hardin, Louis Armstrong’s future wife. They played at the Dreamland Café every night until one a.m., and then at the Pekin Cabaret, a gangster favorite, until dawn. After a year of engagements in California , Oliver returned to Chicago in 1922 to launch King Oliver’s Creole Jazz Band at the Lincoln Gardens. He was eager to add a second cornet to his band, so he sent a telegram to New Orleans, summoning his young protégé, Armstrong. Arriving in Chicago, Armstrong went straight from the train station onto the stage of the Lincoln Gardens.", "The alto saxophonist from the Cool Jazz Era who was said to be the closest rival to Charlie Parker in speed and agility was ___.", "John Birks \"Dizzy\" Gillespie (; October 21, 1917 – January 6, 1993) was an American jazz trumpeter, bandleader, composer, and singer. ", "Bobby Hutcherson: Well, not really. The thing what happened was I was traveling a lot with Al Grey and Billy Mitchell and we were on the road all the time. After we left the Apollo Theater, we went through the Southern Lounge, opposite Red Fox, for a month. But a lot of the clubs we played after that was what was called the \"chitlin' circuit.\" And so because of doing this circuit, I never really got a chance to meet a lot of the jazz musicians in New York City. So Al Grey and Billy Mitchell's group broke up and I really didn't know that many musicians. I started driving a taxicab in New York City. And as I was driving the taxicab, my old friend, Herbie Lewis, came in town, working with the Jazztet. And Grachan Moncur was playing trombone. And so I ran into Herbie and Herbie said, \"Come by my house. I'm having jam sessions and you get a chance to meet Grachan.\" As I was driving the taxi, I used to keep my vibes in the trunk. I came over Herbie's house and I started playing, and Grachan said, \"Man, you know, I got a gig coming up with Jackie McLean. Let me call Jackie McLean and have him come over to the jam session.\"", "His solo-work includes appearances with the Rotterdam Philharmonic Orchestra and the Concertgebouw Orchestra. In 1969 van Oostrom started what would eventually turn into the world’s largest saxophone collection. He recently published his book “100 + 1 saxen”, in which his whole collection is shown, within a historical perspective.", "1978: Frank Rosolino (52) American jazz trombonist; he became famous in the early 50's playing in the most popular of Stan Kenton's progressive big bands, before settling in L.A., where he worked with everybody in the business: Howard Rumsey's Lighthouse All-Stars, Terry Gibbs, Shorty Rogers, Benny Carter, Buddy Rich, Dexter Gordon, Carl Fontana, Jean \"Toots\" Thielemans, Stan Levey, Shelly Manne, Pete Christlieb, Bobby Knight, Conte Candoli, Med Flory, Donn Trenner, Mel Tormé, Louis Bellson, Tutti Camarata, Marty Paich, Zoot Sims, and Quincy Jones (suffering with depression after his wife's death, he committed suicide after shooting his children, Justin, 9; and Jason, 7; Jason was blinded, but survived) b. August 20th 1926.", "1953 ● David Sancious → Jazz-rock fusion keyboardist, early work with Bruce Springsteen ‘s E Street Band, solo, sessions and collaborator with Stanley Clark, Peter Gabriel , Sting and others", "Grammy Award-winning jazz musician: trumpet, composer: Theme from the French Connection [1973]; New Nine, 3-3-2-2-2-1-2-2-2, Tears of Joy, Miloï¿½s Theme, Star Children; soloist: NY Philharmonic; died Dec 17, 1978", "A version of this article appears in print on December 6, 2012, on Page A1 of the New York edition with the headline: His Music Gave Jazz New Pop. Order Reprints \| Today's Paper \| Subscribe", "But is the story true? Did these two musicians ever meet? Would Charlie Parker abandon his horn?", "As a young man, while playing in Cab Calloway’s Big Band at the Cotton Club in Harlem, Gillespie met a Cuban-American trumpeter and became interested in creating fusions of Afro-Cuban music with Jazz. “He then wrote several Latin-tinged compositions, such as ‘A Night in Tunisia,’ and ‘Manteca,’” Hasse says. “He was responsible, perhaps more than any other jazz musician, for making Latin rhythms an important part of American jazz music.”" ]	[ 2.7109375, 2.2265625, -0.1663818359375, -2.224609375, -2.609375, -3.220703125, -3.451171875, -4.13671875, -4.6796875, -4.8203125, -4.83984375, -5.2265625, -5.45703125, -5.51171875, -5.578125, -6.13671875, -6.85546875, -7.1015625, -7.16015625, -7.4453125, -7.484375, -7.6171875, -7.68359375, -7.734375, -7.76953125, -7.89453125, -7.92578125, -9.2890625, -9.828125, -9.890625, -9.9921875, -10.1015625 ]
Who was the leader of the band that appeared in The Brady Bunch Movie?	[ "Twenty years following the conclusion of the original series, a film adaptation, The Brady Bunch Movie went into production and was released in 1995 from Paramount Pictures. The film is set in the present time and The Bradys, still in living their lives as if it was the 1970s, are unfamiliar with their surroundings. It stars Gary Cole and Shelley Long as Mike and Carol Brady, with Christopher Daniel Barnes (Greg), Christine Taylor (Marcia), Paul Sutera (Peter), Jennifer Elise Cox (Jan), Jesse Lee (Bobby), Olivia Hack (Cindy), Henriette Mantel (Alice) and a cameo appearance from Florence Henderson as Carol's mother.", "After the show ended and the band disbanded, Jones had a solo singing career and continued acting. One of his solo hits was Rainy Jane in 1971. He made guest appearances in sitcoms, including The Joey Bishop Show, Make Room for Granddaddy, The Brady Bunch (where he performed Girl), Love, American Style, The New Love, American Style, Sledge Hammer!, My Two Dads, The Single Guy, Boy Meets World and Sabrina, the Teenage Witch. In 1995, he appeared in The Brady Bunch Movie.", "The continued popularity of his 1971 Brady Bunch appearance led to his being cast as himself in The Brady Bunch Movie. Jones sang his signature solo hit \"Girl\", with a grunge band providing backing, this time with middle-aged women swooning over him. Micky Dolenz and Peter Tork also appeared alongside Jones as judges.", "The Monkees are an American-British pop rock band originally active between 1965 and 1971, with subsequent reunion albums and tours in the decades that followed. They were formed in Los Angeles in 1965 by Bob Rafelson and Bert Schneider for the American television series The Monkees, which aired from 1966 to 1968. The musical acting quartet was composed of Americans Micky Dolenz, Michael Nesmith and Peter Tork and British actor and singer Davy Jones. The band's music was initially supervised by producer Don Kirshner.", "The band members wanted to stay together so they elected Woody Herman as their president and leader. Woody had been playing clarinet and singing with the band for quite some time. Now, I know who wrote my song.", "The Tonight Show had a live big band for nearly all of its existence. The NBC Orchestra during Carson's reign was originally led by Skitch Henderson (who had previously led the band during Tonight Starring Steve Allen), followed briefly by Milton DeLugg. Starting in 1967 and continuing until Jay Leno took over, the band was led by Doc Severinsen, with Tommy Newsom filling in for him when he was absent or filling in for McMahon as the announcer (this usually happened when a guest host substituted for Carson, which generally gave McMahon the night off as well). The show's instrumental theme music, \"Johnny's Theme\", was a re-arrangement of the Paul Anka composition \"Toot Sweet\", which Anka and Annette Funicello had separately recorded, with lyrics, as \"It's Really Love\". The NBC Orchestra was the last in-house studio orchestra to perform on American television.", "Woodrow Charles \"Woody\" Herman (May 16, 1913 – October 29, 1987) was an American jazz clarinetist, alto and soprano saxophonist, singer, and big band leader. Leading various groups called \"The Herd\", Herman was one of the most popular of the 1930s and 1940s bandleaders. His bands often played music that was experimental for its time. He was a featured halftime performer for Super Bowl VII. ", "A small group of the musicians, comprising Woody, Saxie Mansfield, flugelhorn player and arranger Joe Bishop, bassist Walt Yoder, arranger Jiggs Noble, and a violinist and arranger named Nick Hupfer, whom Woody had known in Milwaukee, held a series of meetings. Woody had always admired the Ben Pollack band. When Pollack retired, some of the men from his band decided to stay together in a co-operative, with singer Bob Crosby, Woody's erstwhile", "From 1969 to 1971, Cash starred in his own television show, The Johnny Cash Show, on the ABC network. The Statler Brothers opened up for him in every episode; the Carter Family and rockabilly legend Carl Perkins were also part of the regular show entourage. However, Cash also enjoyed booking more contemporary performers as guests; such notables included Neil Young, Louis Armstrong, Kenny Rogers and The First Edition (who appeared a record four times on his show), James Taylor, Ray Charles, Eric Clapton (then leading Derek and the Dominos), and Bob Dylan. During the same period, he contributed the title song and other songs to the film Little Fauss and Big Halsey, which starred Robert Redford, Michael J. Pollard, and Lauren Hutton. The title song, The Ballad of Little Fauss and Big Halsey, written by Carl Perkins, was nominated for a Golden Globe award.", "Kenny Loggins is a singer and guitarist whose soft rock hits and movie soundtracks were mainstays of Top 40 radio in the ‘80s and ‘90s. First as one half of the folk rock duo Loggins and Messina and later as a successful solo artist, Kenny has released 20 albums, several of which have gone platinum. His 1980 hit \"What a Fool Believes,\" co-written with Michael McDonald, won the 1980 Grammy for Song of the Year. He would also contribute now-classic songs to numerous soundtracks, including “Danger Zone” from “Top Gun,” “I’m Alright” from “Caddyshack,” and the title track to “Footloose.” Kenny’s most recent release, the children’s album “All Join In,” debuted in 2009 on Walt Disney Records.", "Jimmy Dorsey (James Francis Dorsey), 1904–57, and his brother Tommy Dorsey (Thomas Francis Dorsey, Jr.), 1905–1956, both b. Shenandoah, Pa., American jazz musicians and bandleaders during the Big Band era. Jimmy Dorsey played the clarinet and alto saxophone, his brother the trombone. Toward the beginning of their careers in the late 1920s both were part of the Paul Whiteman Orchestra, and by the early 1930s both were successful pick-up and studio musicians. The two briefly had two bands together, the swing group of 1933–35 and another from 1953–56. Most of the time, however, each had his own band—Jimmy's a dance-oriented group and Tommy's more of a hot and sweet jazz ensemble that for awhile (1939–42) featured Frank Sinatra as a soloist. The Dorsey bands were popular Big Band era (late 1930s to early 50s). Dorsey bands were featured in several Hollywood movies, and the brothers starred in a fictionalized film biography, The Fabulous Dorseys (1947).", "By the end of 1964, because of a growing demand for live appearances by the Tijuana Brass, Alpert auditioned and hired a team of crack session men. Though some adopted a prototypical physical appearance, no one in Alpert's band was actually Hispanic. Alpert used to tell his audiences that his group consisted of \"Four lasagnas, two bagels, and an American cheese\": John Pisano (electric guitar); Lou Pagani (piano); Nick Ceroli (drums); Pat Senatore (bass guitar); Tonni Kalash (trumpet); Herb Alpert (trumpet and vocal); and Bob Edmondson (trombone). The band debuted in 1965, and became one of the highest-paid acts then performing, having put together a complete revue that included choreographed moves and comic routines written by Bill (\"Jose Jimenez\") Dana.", "The \"backup group\" Martin used for this song was credited as The Toot Uncommons (Tutankhamen), but was really The Nitty Gritty Dirt Band, whose multi-instrumentalist John McEuen is good friends with Steve Martin and taught him to play banjo. Martin was the opening act for the band for a few years in the mid-'70s, where he developed his act and refined his \"Wild and Crazy Guy\" persona, often to a hostile audience that was there to see music, not comedy.", "By the end of 1964, because of a growing demand for live appearances by the Tijuana Brass, Alpert auditioned and hired a team of crack session men. Though some adopted a prototypical physical appearance, no one in Alpert's band was actually Hispanic. Alpert used to tell his audiences that his group consisted of \"Four lasagnas, two bagels, and an American cheese\": John Pisano (electric guitar); Lou Pagani (piano); Nick Ceroli (drums); Pat Senatore (bass guitar); Tonni Kalash (trumpet); Herb Alpert (trumpet and vocal); and Bob Edmondson (trombone). The band debuted in 1965 and became one of the highest-paid acts then performing, having put together a complete revue that included choreographed moves and comic routines written by Bill (\"Jose Jimenez\") Dana.", "Bill Haley & His Comets returned to the charts with \"See You Later Alligator\", and Skiffle had arrived in the chart scene even more when Lonnie Donegan, one of the biggest acts of the 1950s, did extremely well with top 5 hit \"Stewball\". Ronnie Hilton then served six weeks at the top with \"No Other Love\", a song which Perry Como got to No. 1 with in America three years previously. Mel Torme spent many weeks near the top with \"Mountain Greenery\".", "Levon Helm (drummer for the rock group The Band) made his screen debut as Loretta's father, Ted Webb. Ernest Tubb, Roy Acuff, and Minnie Pearl all make cameo appearances as themselves. ", "The Dorsey brothers were the first family of music. Each brother continued a fascination with Dixieland music, and Jimmy incorporated the sound into his popular orchestra. Each Dorsey band had a famous singer, Bob Crosby with Jimmy and Frank Sinatra with Tommy. Jimmy Dorsey's band featured Ray McKinley on drums, while his brother had Buddy Rich.", "After a short tour of Ohio with Sanford Clark, Carl Perkins and Roy Orbison, Gene and the Caps found themselves on a week long series of shows in Philadelphia with Eddie Cochran. It was about this time that Bill Mack, after a disagreement with Gene, was replaced by bassist Bobby Lee Jones. Soon after that, Ken Nelson signed an agency deal for Gene with the Dallas based McLemore Artist & Services Bureau. Ed McLemore already handled Sonny James, Buddy Knox and Johnny Carroll. Both Knox and Carroll became close friends with Gene with Carroll even adopting many of Gene's vocal and stage mannerisms as did many of the Dallas based rock 'n' roll bands (for example \"My Little Mama\" by Gene Rambo and The Flames is about as close to the Blue Cap sound as any band was or is likely to get). So Gene Vincent had a new and wilder band and new more efficient management. . . .but what he needed most was a new hit record. And soon they had two: \"Lotta Lovin'\" and \"Dance to the Bop.\"", "After Bob Neal formed Stars Incorporated in May 1956, Smith saw that he would be working tours and began to cast around for a regular drummer. Sam Phillips suggested Jimmie Lott whom he had used on Elvis Presley's sessions).", "In early 1959, Buddy Holly , J.P. “ The Big Bopper ” Richardson, Ritchie Valens , and Dion and the Belmonts toured through the Midwest in what was called “The Winter Dance Party.” Also on the tour was Holly’s new back-up band replacing the Crickets: Tommy Allsup on guitar, Waylon Jennings on bass, and Carl Bunch on drums.", "Gene Clark left the band in 1966, and tensions among the remaining members developed and occasionally erupted into onstage fisticuffs. The group managed to stay together long enough to see 1967's Younger Than Yesterday (Number 24) released and to record the country rock follow-up, The Notorious Byrd Brothers (Number 47, 1968), but by the time the record hit stores, Crosby and drummer Michael Clarke were both gone. Crosby went on to superstardom with Crosby, Stills and Nash, while Clarke joined the Dillard and Clark group. McGuinn and Hillman soldiered on with new drummer Kevin Kelley and International Submarine Band singer/songwriter/guitarist Gram Parsons. Parsons took the Byrds even further into country territory on Sweetheart of the Rodeo (Number 77), recorded in Nashville and released in the fall of 1968. While it failed to attain commercial success, Sweetheart remains a cornerstone of country-rock.", "The group sold millions of records and were in demand at concerts and on television shows. They also launched the musical careers of several musicians, including Kenny Rogers, Gene Clark, Kim Carnes, and Barry McGuire.", "Other than the titular \"Blues Brothers\" and a handful of characters, all musicians performed under their real names. The full band for the 1980 film included:", "Gene's style at this point is very similar to Zutty Singlton's, who was on the later sides by the band. Gene gets a four bar solo on \"Bugle Call Rag\", of which there are two takes, with very different drum breaks.", "a family band with dad, Chris, and uncle Ken), to old time and early jazz (the soundtrack", "An American country/rock band that became popular during the Vietnam War. Produced classic hits such as \"Proud Mary\", \"Green River\", \"Suzie Q\" and \"Fortunate Son\".", "One of the more bizarre covers of this song came in 1972, when it appeared on the album Meet The Brady Bunch, performed by the cast of the TV show. This version runs just 3:39.", "My father was Pee Wee Adams who played drums on Town Hall Party in LA County, California with Gene Vincent. I would like to know if anyone out there would know more about this TV show back in 1957, 1958. I'm putting together a tribute to my Dad and all the people he played with. He was Best Drummer of the Year back in 1967. Thank You.", "I saw this band not long after it started in Des Moines in 1947 at the Tromar ballroom. It was a great show but it was almost too crowed to move. Tex played a great number of the Miller hits and sang “Chattanooga Choo-choo” followed by loud applause and everyone shouting, “More, More”. He played a saxophone solo for an encore. It was a great evening.", "appearance in the Woodstock film brought the group national attention. The group appeared in the movie Grease as", "Actor Gary Burghoff, of the TV series MASH, had been a friend of Krupa. In the episode \"Showtime\", the finale to Season One recorded in March 1973, Burghoff played a drum solo on the kit using a playing style modeled after Krupa. When Krupa died, he left a drum kit to Burghoff.", " \"Fit as a Fiddle (And Ready for Love)\" from College Coach (1933) (music by Al Hoffman and Al Goodhart)" ]	[ 3.279296875, 2.37890625, 1.8876953125, -1.9443359375, -2.81640625, -2.955078125, -2.95703125, -2.966796875, -4.73828125, -5.140625, -5.1953125, -5.20703125, -5.265625, -5.27734375, -5.47265625, -5.5, -5.52734375, -5.9453125, -6.49609375, -6.546875, -6.65234375, -6.75390625, -7.1015625, -7.171875, -7.9921875, -8.078125, -8.296875, -9.1484375, -9.59375, -9.6328125, -9.671875, -10.09375 ]
"In which film was chorus girl Peggy Sawyer told to ""come back a star?"""	[ "Set on Broadway during the Great Depression, 42nd Street is the classic backstage tale of aspiring actress and small-town girl, Peggy Sawyer, who finds love and success on the Great White Way. Cast as a chorus girl, Peggy finds herself replacing the star of the show on opening night. The director urges her, \"You're going out there a youngster. But you've got to come back a STAR!\" Full of thrilling, grand-scale tap numbers and over the top dance routines, 42nd Street features music by Harry Warren, lyrics by Al Dubin and book by Michael Stewart and Mark Bramble. It's based on the Warner Bros. film of the same name and the novel by Bradford Ropes. The 1980 musical includes \"Lullaby of Broadway,\" \"We're in the Money,\" \"Shuffle Off to Buffalo\" and the title song \"42nd Street\".", "Chronicling the frantic lead-up to a Broadway opening night, this 1933 classic is the most famous of all Depression-era musicals - the one where chorus girl Peggy Sawyer (Ruby Keeler) is told: \"You're going out a youngster, but you've got to come back a star!'' The Busby Berkeley production numbers that follow are worth the wait. The Cairo Club Orchestra will play before the screening. New 35-millimetre print.", "The quintessential manifesto of Broadway's show-must-go-on ideology, this backstage story of a plucky understudy who steps up to the lead at short notice—\"Sawyer, you're going out a youngster, but you've got to come back a star!\"—didn't make it to the Great White Way until 1980. The 1933 source film is an anti-Depression treatment best remembered for Busby Berkeley's extravagant choreography; the musical, directed by the masterful Gower Champion (who died on opening night), supplements the story with extra standards from the Harry Warren–Al Dubin songbook and massive cloudbursts of synchronized tap. 42nd Street's keystone tune, \"The Lullaby of Broadway,\" is a paradoxically rousing paean to our nostalgic collective showbiz dream. And it's a dream that sometimes even comes true: In 1987, a teenage second understudy named Catherine Zeta-Jones went on one night as Peggy Sawyer in the show's London production—and came back, yes, a star.—Adam Feldman", "the most notable scene in which the show's director Julian Marsh (Warner Baxter) coaxed understudy chorus girl Peggy Sawyer (Ruby Keeler) onto the stage from the wings on the opening night to replace the show's star Dorothy Brock (Bebe Daniels) -- with the famous words: \"And Sawyer, you're going out a youngster, but you've got to come back a star\"", "The quintessential backstage musical, a terrific song and dance Busby Berkeley choreographic extravaganza. Berkeley made screen history in this milestone-grandfather of spectacular musicals, with scores of chorus girls, large extravagant musical 'production numbers' and sumptuous art deco sets, surrealistic imagery, optical effects, zoom lenses, escapist musical numbers, fast-paced timing and rhythmic editing, and wise-cracking dialogue. The lively musical drama chronicled the hard work of a manic, ailing Broadway director Julian Marsh (Warner Baxter) behind the making of a musical comedy - where life (whether as a director or chorus girl) depended upon the success of the opening show. The Warner Bros.' 'putting on a show' film (with two Oscar nominations for Best Picture and Best Sound, with no wins) also featured two fresh new juvenile stars, Ruby Keeler (as a chorus girl) and tenor Dick Powell, and it starred Ginger Rogers as veteran showgirl Anytime Annie. Marsh was putting one last effort into a Broadway musical. But at the last minute right before opening night, it appeared doomed when the leading dancer Dorothy Brock (Bebe Daniels) broke her ankle. The show was saved when inexperienced chorus girl and understudy Peggy Sawyer (Keeler) dream is realized, and she was trained in a marathon rehearsal.", "She decided to marry a neighborhood friend named James Dougherty; he went into the military, she modeled, they divorced in 1946. She owned 200 books (including Tolstoy, Whitman, Milton), listened to Beethoven records, studied acting at the Actors' lab in Hollywood, and took literature courses at UCLA downtown. 20th Century Fox gave her a contract but let it lapse a year later. In 1948, Columbia gave her a six-month contract, turned her over to coach Natasha Lytess and featured her in the B movie Ladies of the Chorus in which she sang three numbers : \"Every Baby Needs a Da Da Daddy\", \"Anyone Can Tell I Love You\" and \"The Ladies of the Chorus\" with Adele Jergens (dubbed by Virginia Rees) and others. Joseph L. Mankiewicz saw her in a small part in The Asphalt Jungle and put her in All About Eve , resulting in 20th Century re-signing her to a seven-year contract. Niagara and Gentlemen Prefer Blondes launched her as a sex symbol superstar.", "During the '40s, she performed in such films as \"Seven Sweethearts,\" \"Thousands Cheer,\" \"Anchors Aweigh\" (opposite Frank Sinatra and Gene Kelly), \"Two Sisters From Boston,\" \"Till the Clouds Roll By,\" \"It Happened in Brooklyn,\" \"The Kissing Bandit\" and \"That Midnight Kiss.\"", "I suppose the real star of this film is Busby Berkeley who's vision of kaleidoscopic chorus girls came into real fruition here. The Depression story is dated, but Berkeley's musical numbers, Young and Healthy, Shuffle Off to Buffalo, and 42nd Street are eternal. That and all the clichés about putting on a Broadway show that became standard in films for generations.", "The performer made an impressive return to films in 1954 with \"A Star Is Born,\" with James Mason. But her erratic work habits had caused the production to take months longer than planned, at great expense. A commercial disappointment, the film represented a personal triumph for her.", "Out of nowhere Barbara was ushered back to Hollywood for the most important film role of her career. In Rodgers and Hammerstein's classic Carousel , it seemed that stardom was just within reach after winning the cute and flighty Carrie Piperidge role alongside Gordon MacRae and Shirley Jones . Ruick shined in the well-mounted 20th Century-Fox production while offering a lovely rendition of \"When I Marry Mr. Snow\". Instead of this success propelling Barbara into other films, it would be her last movie for nearly two decades. She also recorded for Columbia Records around this period but, other than a couple of novelty items, none of her songs ever made it to the top of the charts.", "Woody Allen's Roaring Twenties-era show-business comedy included virtuoso chorus girl renditions of hit standards, such as:", "Her big break came when she was cast as Celeste Holm 's understudy in the Broadway company of [i]Oklahoma![/i] and also played Gertie. When the show went on tour, she took over Holm's role as Ado Annie. Touted by her New York agent, he got MGM executive Marvin Schenck to go see her when the show was in Chicago. Schenck was disappointed, not knowing he'd seen her understudy. But the agent got him to come back the next night and Schenck signed her immediately. She was cast as Frank Sinatra 's girlfriend in Anchors Aweigh but the film roles she was offered afterward weren't satisfying and she went on suspension to play Meg Brockie in [i]Brigadoon[/i] on Broadway and on tour for three years.", "It was war time and Connie, along with many of the other popular vocalists of her day, treated film audiences to specialty numbers in a number of fun, frivolous musicals that were primarily designed as escapist fare or patriotic morale-boosters. In both Moon Over Las Vegas (1944) and Twilight on the Prairie (1944), she sang songs alongside prolific singer/songwriter (and later popular adult “Mousketeer”) Jimmie Dodd . In the latter, a musical western, she was even given a co-starring role. In A Wave, a WAC and a Marine (1944) she sang “Time Will Tell” and “Gee, I Love My G.I. Joe” and in the Van Johnson / Esther Williams starrer Duchess of Idaho (1950), in which she again had an acting role, she contributed a fine version of “Of All Things”.", "At the peak of her career, actress Debbie Reynolds was America's sweetheart, the archetypal girl next door; best remembered for her work in Hollywood musicals, she appeared in the genre's defining moment, Singin' in the Rain, as well as many other notable successes. Born Mary Frances Reynolds on April 1, 1932 in El Paso, Texas, she entered the film industry by winning the Miss Burbank beauty contest in 1948, resulting in a contract with Warner Bros. However, the studio cast her in small roles in only two films -- 1948's The June Bride and 1950's The Daughter of Rosie O'Grady -- and she soon exited for the greener pastures of MGM, where she first appeared in Three Little Words. A more significant turn in 1950's Two Weeks with Love garnered Reynolds strong notices, and soon she was touted as the new Judy Garland, with a role in 1951's Mr. Imperium also on the horizon.", "Buckley made her Broadway debut in the 1969 musical 1776 , and went on to appear in the 1973 Broadway musical Pippin . In 1976, she played gym teacher Ms. Collins in the Brian de Palma film Carrie , before going on to star for four seasons in the ABC series Eight Is Enough (1977–81). For her role as Grizabella in the original Broadway production of Cats , she won the 1983 Tony Award for Best Featured Actress in a Musical . 1983 also saw her play country singer Dixie Scott in the Bruce Beresford film Tender Mercies . In 1988, she starred in the short-lived Broadway musical production of arrie , this time playing Carrie's mother, Margaret White.", "In 1950 Peggy Lee made a first, brief screen appearance [sic; she had previously appeared in “Stage Door Canteen,” “The Powers Girl” and several shorts] in Paramount’s “Mr. Music,” starring Bing Crosby. In 1953 she played a featured role opposite Danny Thomas in Warner Brothers’ remake of the early Al Jolson talking picture, “The Jazz Singer,” and won praise from a critic of the “New York Wolrd-Telegram and Sun” for “a very promising start on a movie career” as “a poised and ingratiating ingenue.” Her performance as a despondent and alcoholic blues singer in “Pete Kelly’s Blues” (Warner Brothers, 1955) won her a nomination from the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. In the 1955 balloting conducted by the Council of Motion Picture Organizations, moviegoers voted her the “Audie” statuette.", "The singers mouth the lyrics from original '30's songs, including \"The Street Singer\" Arthur Tracy (1899-1997) title tune, lip-synched by dancer Vernal Bagneris as golden pennies cascade from above. The cheery lyrics and the often bleak look of the film caused some critics to complain.", "And as the Forties turned to the Fifties, Betty Grable, Dorothy Lamour and Lana Turner were no longer the last word in screen sirens. By the time he remade the song, for Sinatra's Sinatra in 1963, it was:", "Natalie started off the 1950s starring in No Sad Songs for Me co-starring Margaret Sullavan, John McIntire, Wendell Corey, Ann Doran, and Viveca Lindfors (1950); Our Very Own co-starring Ann Blyth, Farley Granger, Jane Wyatt, Joan Evans, Donald Cook, Martin Milner, and Ann Dvorak (1950); Never a Dull Moment co-starring Irene Dunne, Fred MacMurray, Andy Devine, William Demarest, Ann Doran, Gigi Perreau, and Jack Kirkwood (1950); and The Jackpot co-starring James Stewart, Barbara Hale, Patricia Medina, James Gleason, Alan Mowbray, and Fred Clark (1950).", "This musical comedy film version (with Bob Fosse choreography) virtually duplicated Frank Loesser's Tony Award-winning Broadway musical from 1961 - it included two stars reprising their roles from the stage: Robert Morse (as boyish, gap-toothed ex-window washer and ambitious, up-and-coming corporate executive J. Pierpont \"Ponty\" Finch), and Rudy Vallee (as pompous boss Jasper B. Biggley). In this cynical and satirical look at corporate America in the mid-1960s, with all its corporate chicanery, gray flannel suits, executive washrooms, and office sexism, the strongly-ambitious 27 year-old Finch bought a self-help guidebook titled: \"How to Succeed in Business...\" to begin his ascent up the corporate ladder, using mostly devious and sneaky methods. He took a job in the NY offices of the World Wide Wicket Company, working under eccentric boss Biggley and ingratiating himself by posing as a graduate of Grand Old Ivy, Biggley's alma mater. Soon, he became VP of Advertising, and began a romance with cute secretary Rosemary Pilkington (Michele Lee in her film debut). At the same time, Biggley was having an affair with hip-swiveling, curvaceous, high-pitch voiced, but incompetent office worker Hedy LaRue (Maureen Arthur), his secret live-in girlfriend. Finch arranged a tryst between rival Bud Frump (Anthony Teague), Biggley's bratty, whiny and nepharious nephew and Hedy, thereby eliminating the co-worker. He also disposed of troublesome Mr. Ovington (Murray Matheson) by exposing that his alma mater was Biggley's rival college. His successful advancement eventually brought him to the position of Chairman of the Board.", "Directed by Stanley Donen & Gene Kelley. Cast: Gene Kelly, Donald O'Connor, Debbie Reynolds, Jean Hagen, Millard Mitchell, Cyd Charisse, Douglas Fowley, Rita Moreno. A musical-comedy spoof of the turmoil that afflicted the motion picture industry in the late 1920's during the changeover from silent films to sound. DVD 7266: special features: new 50th anniversary documentary, \"What a glorious feeling,\" hosted by Debbie Reynolds; \"You are my lucky star\" outtake; scoring session music cues; feature-length audio commentary; theatrical trailer; excerpts of Arthur Freed/Nacio Herb Brown songs from originating movies. 103 min. DVD 7266; DVD 3; VHS 999:36", "Clint's next project would also have the added insurance of box-office names, although it couldn't have been more unalike. Surprising some ln Hollywood, Clint signed to sing a starring role in Paint Your Wagon, Lerner and Loewe's gold rush musical, which had originated during the Broadway season of 1951. His part of Pardner didn't even exist in the original show, and had been built up with Clint in mind. He would play a 'moral' and 'green' Rowdy type, a peaceable ex-farmer from Michigan who forms a partnership with a grungy, boozing, cussing gold miner.", "From 1933 onward, Harlow was consistently voted one of the strongest box office draws in the United States, often outranking her fellow female colleagues at MGM in audience popularity polls. Reckless (1935) was her first movie musical. It co-starred her then-boyfriend William Powell and Franchot Tone. Although her character sings in the movie, Harlow's voice for the performance was dubbed by skilled vocalist Virginia Verrill. The film offered yet another incident of \"arts meets life\" for Harlow, as her character in the movie suffers the horrors of her husband's suicide. ", "Hitchcock considered such actors as Burt Reynolds and Roy Scheider (for Adamson), Al Pacino (for George), Faye Dunaway (for Fran), and Beverly Sills and Goldie Hawn (for Blanche) for the film. Cybill Shepherd wrote in her memoir that she had hoped to play the part of Fran, which eventually went to Karen Black. High salary demands were partly responsible for his turning to other actors. Although Liza Minnelli was among the stars recommended to Hitchcock, he was especially delighted to work with Barbara Harris as the medium. He had previously tried to hire her for other film projects. Harris was nominated for the Golden Globe Award for Best Actress – Musical/Comedy for her performance in this film. ", "The movie certainly had an all-star cast: Paul Newman, Steve McQueen, William Holden, Faye Dunaway, Fred Astaire, Susan Blakely, Richard Chamberlain, Robert Vaughn, Robert Wagner and (gulp) O.J. Simpson. Even Jennifer Jones came out of a long retirement to return to films. It was really nice to see her again.", "Directed by Robert Mulligan. Cast: Natalie Wood, Christopher Plummer, Robert Redford, Roddy McDowall, Ruth Gordon, Katharine Bard, Betty Harford, John Hale, Harold Gould, Ottola Nesmith, Edna Holland, Peter Helm. Daisy Clover is a 15 year old Tomboy who dreams of being a Hollywood star. After auditioning for producer Raymond Swan of Swan Studios she becomes the toast of Hollywood. Daisy must then come to terms with her new found fame and the 1930's Hollywood star treatment. She is considered a has-been by the time she turned seventeen. Daisy's meteoric rise to stardom and even faster fade-out is chronicled in an incisive behind-the-scene tour of vintage Hollywood. Based on the novel by Gavin Lambert. 128 min. DVD X5442", "1946 saw the biggest vocal hit of the multi-talented Betty Hutton's career, Doctor, Lawyer, Indian Chief. Never a great vocalist in the class of a Dinah Shore or even Doris Day, Hutton still managed to lend an infectious sound to go along with her stunning good looks. Her next closest thing to a big hit was probably A Bushel and a Peck, a duet with Perry Como that charted nicely in 1950 (with stiff competition from Doris Day as a single).", "Directed by Roy Del Ruth. Cast: Robert Taylor, Eleanor Powell, George Murphy, Binnie Barnes, Buddy Ebsen, Sophie Tucker, Judy Garland, Charles Igor Gorin, Raymond Walburn, Robert Benchley, Willie Howard, Charley Grapewin, Robert Wildhack. Music, Nacio Herb Brown, Arthur Freed. On her way to the top, a girl who dreams of \"making it big\" on Broadway, has two memorable encounters-- a racehorse named Stargazer whose winning ways could help to make her dream come true and with a romantic and dashing Broadway producer-composer who makes it all happen. 113 min. DVD 9896; vhs 999:811", "Hudson won an Oscar for her first movie, playing a powerhouse vocalist who falls on hard times after she is booted from a 1960s girl group. The role came barely two years after she shot to celebrity as an \"American Idol\" finalist.", "Of the movie’s star, Judy Garland, Margaret recalled: “[She] wasn’t a big star when she made the movie. MGM had originally wanted Shirley Temple, but her studio, 20th Century Fox, wouldn’t let her go. Judy was a typical teenager on the set, and would sit on the Yellow Brick Road and talk with me and some of the others instead of going to school.”", "She began her career as a chorus line dancer under the name Billie Cassin, eventually making her way to New York City. In 1925, she signed a contract with Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer under the name Lucille LeSueur and went to Culver City, California.", "Directed by Frank Lloyd. Cast: Norma Talmadge, Jack Mulhall, Joseph Kilgour, Helen Ferguson, Eileen Percy, Lew Cody.Follows a shopgirl who is unjustly accused of stealing and then sent to jail. She plots revenge against her former employer, using 'rich men's' legal tricks, yet staying 'within the law.' 105 min. DVD X2921" ]	[ 5.546875, 3.208984375, 2.775390625, 0.11322021484375, -0.37060546875, -2.240234375, -3.07421875, -3.173828125, -3.2421875, -3.91796875, -4.2734375, -4.32421875, -4.625, -4.69921875, -4.8671875, -5.01171875, -5.046875, -5.3828125, -5.5234375, -5.67578125, -5.80859375, -6.19140625, -6.51953125, -6.734375, -6.94921875, -7.09375, -7.15625, -7.17578125, -7.59375, -7.6796875, -7.79296875, -7.92578125 ]
What are the last lines of My Fair Lady?	[ "My Fair Lady is filled with examples of flawless story-song integration. In one scene, Professor Higgins and Colonel Pickering try for weeks to train cockney flower girl Eliza Doolittle to speak like a lady. Late one night, the caustic Higgins speaks gently to an exhausted Eliza about the beauty and majesty of the English language, reassuring her that she will conquer it. After a breathless moment, Eliza makes the phonetic connection and correctly pronounces, \"The rain . . . in Spain . . . stays mainly in the . . . plain.\" Disbelief turns to jubilation as the three characters break into a celebratory tango, collapsing onto a sofa at the final note. It is one of the most exhilarating moments the theatre has ever produced.", "FRANKLIN, Tenn. – Nearly all of Studio Tenn’s My Fair Lady is wonderful (or “loverly” in the show’s lingo). But I have strong negative thoughts and feelings about the way the terrific troupe ends the final scene of this great Golden Age musical. The Alan Jay Lerner – Frederick Loewe adaptation that used George Bernard Shaw’s […]", "Shaw's own conception of 'what happens afterwards' is set out in the postscript I have already quoted, where he insists-with some fairly elaborate arguments-that Eliza does not marry Higgins but Freddy. Shaw may have convinced certain dramatic theorists (Bentley 1947: 123; Styan 1968: 128) about this sequel, but, as I have already pointed out, he cannot be said to have convinced either actors or audience. Alan Jay Lerner, who wrote the book of the musical, observes in his introduction to My Fair Lady: 'I have omitted the sequel because in it Shaw explains how Eliza ends not with Higgins but with Freddy and-Shaw and Heaven forgive me-I am not certain he is right' (1958: vi).(5)", "My Fair Lady is a musical based upon George Bernard Shaw's Pygmalion, with book and lyrics by Alan Jay Lerner and music by Frederick Loewe. The story concerns Eliza Doolittle, a Cockney flower girl who takes speech lessons from professor Henry Higgins, a phoneticist, so that she may pass as a lady.", "My Fair Lady, a musical with lyrics by Alan Jay Lerner and music by Frederick Loewe, is based upon George Bernard Shaw's play Pygmalion. The story concerns Eliza Doolittle, a Cockney flower girl who takes speech lessons from Professor Henry Higgins so she can pass as a lady. The 1956 Broadway production was a smash hit, setting what was then the record for the longest run of any major musical theater production in history.", "To this Hermia responds by calling Helena a \"painted maypole\". Many of the best lines in the scene are Puck's: the final speech and the earlier \"Lord, what fools these mortals be\" stand out. On Hermia's exit (line 344) Puck's and Oberon's exchange is used to describe the passing of the night, preparing us for the hunting in the next act. It also means that Puck must act \"in haste\" while the darkness he needs to mislead the men lasts.", "14. My Fair Lady, Without You - Harrison, Rex / Andrews, Julie / Holloway, Stanley / Coote, Robert / King, John Michael", "Perhaps the most popular musical of the 1950s, My Fair Lady, is based on George Bernard Shaw's classic play Pygmalion. The story revolves around Eliza Doolittle, a coarse little peddler of flowers in Covent Garden who agrees to take speech lessons from phonetician Henry Higgins in order to fulfill her dream of working in a flower shop. Henry Higgins bets his friend, Colonel Pickering, that he can pass the common girl off as a society lady. Eliza succeeds so well, however, that she outgrows her social station and even and manages to become an indispensable part of Higgins' life. The musical features an award-winning score, with hits such as \"I Could Have Danced All Night,\" \"Wouldn't It Be Loverly\" and \"Get Me to the Church on Time.\"", "12. My Fair Lady, Get Me To The Church On Time - Harrison, Rex / Andrews, Julie / Holloway, Stanley / Coote, Robert / King, John Michael", "Seven songs dropped from the musical My Fair Lady will be heard in public for the first time in almost 60 years when they are performed later.", "Mackenzie, Andrew. \"Just a Silent Finale for My Fair Lady's Tradition.\" Sheffield Morning Telegraph 17 Sept. 1974: n. pag. Print.", " My Fair Lady (1956) has a longish (for a musical) dialogue scene, to let you know this show is about words and language, and then goes into `Why Can't The English Learn To Speak?' and there's the theme of the drama in a nutshell.", "15. My Fair Lady, I've Grown Accustomed To Her Face - Harrison, Rex / Andrews, Julie / Holloway, Stanley / Coote, Robert / King, John Michael", "4. My Fair Lady, With A Little Bit Of Luck - Harrison, Rex / Andrews, Julie / Holloway, Stanley / Coote, Robert / King, John Michael", "The dialogue preceding the Act II finale, starting with \"Here, take her sir, and mind you treat her kindly\", was originally recitative. The music for this passage was printed in the first edition of the vocal score as No. 20a. Shortly after opening night, the recitative was dropped, and the lines thereafter were performed as spoken dialogue. In modern productions, the recitative is occasionally restored in place of the dialogue.", "From Ancient Greece to Edwardian England to 1960s Hollywood, the narrative remains the same: an overbearing male “genius” who transforms a pliable (read: vulnerable) woman from her meager, inadequate self into his personal ideal of womanhood. But thanks to Lerner and Loewe’s songs, My Fair Lady critiques that narrative as much as it upholds it. Their musical is not about a genius attempting to transform a weak woman. It’s about a strong woman attempting to retain her identity in spite of the controlling machinations of a small-minded man.", "9. My Fair Lady, On The Street Where You Live - Harrison, Rex / Andrews, Julie / Holloway, Stanley / Coote, Robert / King, John Michael", "The Best Picture winner in 1964, Warner Bros.' and director George Cukor's My Fair Lady , was about the transformative training of a rough-speaking flower girl into a lady. The enchanting musical had run for many years on the stage (in both NYC and London). Rex Harrison was called upon to bring his marvelous characterization of perfectionist Svengali phonetics Professor Higgins to the screen.", "13. My Fair Lady, A Hymn To Him - Harrison, Rex / Andrews, Julie / Holloway, Stanley / Coote, Robert / King, John Michael", "McKay, Verda. \"My Fair Lady is Loverly Every Time.\" Chico, California, production announcement. Chicoer.com . 12 January 2012. [End Page 232]", "3. My Fair Lady, Wouldn't It Be Loverly? - Harrison, Rex / Andrews, Julie / Holloway, Stanley / Coote, Robert / King, John Michael", "Disneyland for “Davy Crockett.” Best Variety Series - Ed Sullivan… Broadway Open To Rave Reviews - “My Fair Lady” opens at the Mark Hellinger Theatre. It’s Alan Jay Lerner’s adaptation of Bernard Shaw’s “Pygmalion.” Book and lyrics by Alan Jay Lerner and music by Frederick Loewe. Herman Levin is the producer. Cast includes: Julie Andrews as Eliza Doolittle Rex Harrison - Henry Higgins Stanley Holloway - Alfred P. Doolittle Robert Coote - Colonel Pickering Viola Roache - Mrs. Eynsford Hill Cathleen Nesbitt - Mrs. Higgins…", "Lerner, Alan Jay, and Frederick Loewe. My Fair Lady. Opened in New York, 15 March 1956, at the Mark Hellinger Theatre. Directed by Moss Hart. Costumes by Celia Beaton. Choreography by Hanya Holm.", "\"I Guess This Is Goodbye\", \"Maybe They're Magic\", \"Our Little World\", \"First Midnight\", \"Second Midnight\", \"Ever After\", \"So Happy\", \"Agony (Reprise)\", \"No More\". Interestingly enough, several cut songs appear in the scenes as background music where the songs were. Listen to the music as the Baker mourns his wife's passing and you'll hear \"No More\". \"Ever After\" is the march played as the first \"act\" ends at Cinderella's wedding, and it transitions into a snippet of \"So Happy.\" Technically, \"Cinderella At The Grave\" is not cut, but only the mother's part remains (although the \"shiver and quiver little tree\" melody is heard as Cinderella's dress and slippers appear on her. Its short reprise (where the ghost and birds warn the prince about the slipper) is also cut; the Steward simply notices the blood when assisting Florinda, and Lucinda exposes herself by being completely unable to walk. The melody of \"this is the proper bride for you\" does return when the prince puts the slipper on Cinderella's foot.", "After the heightened, ceremonial song of Hymen in praise of marriage, there is hushed economy in the interchange, as Rosalind is recognised, and reconciled with her father and lover. The patterned, rocking repetitions are noticeable after the flexible speech rhythms of the dialogue before this final scene:", "[Sc. 3: The scene changes to the exterior of the Prince’s Palace, as FQ warns Cinderella to return before midnight. Finale, as Cinderella and fairies sing of their joy.", "Othello's speeches are worth studying in close detail. One is struck by sensuous or exotic imagery, expressed in beautiful cadences: the final speech contains a list of similes to describe his condition, in which we encounter the \"base Indian\" and the \"Arabian trees\", while the opening soliloquy presents us with Desdemona's \"whiter skin... than snow\"...\"smooth as monumental alabaster\", and her \"balmy breath\".", "All Just a Dream : At the end of the play, the couples and Nick Bottom decide, with the help of The Fair Folk , that the night's events were just a dream, and in the epilogue spoken by Puck, he advises the audiences : \"If we shadows have offended / Think but this, and all is mended / That you have but slumbered here / While these visions did appear. / And this weak and idle theme, / no more yielding, but a dream .\"", "3. “Mirror, mirror, on the wall, who is the fairest of them all?” - Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs", "[Synopsis: Act I, Sc. 1: The Fairies’ haunt–a romantic scene surrounded by bowers of roses in the midst of which rises a sparkling fountain. A broad lake in the distance, shut in by mountains which stretch to the horizon. The sun is just seen rising over them. During the symphony numerous Sylphs and Fairies enter, forming a dance around the fountain to the chorus “While sunbeams are glancing.” FQ appears and sings the air “From distant regions flying,” with chorus “We’re here to yield our duty.” She is the guardian spirit of Cinderella and tells of her abuse. Horns sound and she informs the sylphs that the youthful Prince must choose a partner of his throne. That woman will be “the mortal daughter whom your Queen befriends.” The fairies conduct the Prince on stage, unconscious of his guidance. He sings: “Morning its sweets is flinging.” Never has he seen so beauteous a spot. He sounds his horn and as the call dies away a strain of music near him begins. He and the fairies sing a concerted piece, whereby he knows he is on enchanted ground. He looks into the fountain and views the form of Cinderella, splendidly attired, her features half shaded by a thin veil. As he reaches toward the image the FQ makes it disappear. She then touches Prince Felix with her wand, and he sleeps.", "This sentiment sounds a lot like the thrust in a verse from James Thomson's 1740 play, Alfred: a Masque (Act III, last scene):", "Although ï¿½Pirate Jennyï¿½ was originally written for Polly in the wedding scene, in this production it was moved to act 2 and given to Jenny (played by Lenya). Blitzstein created new lyrics for the ï¿½Bilbao Songï¿½ from the Weill/Brecht/Hauptmann show Happy End, and that became Pollyï¿½s wedding number: ï¿½The Bide-a-Wee in Soho.ï¿½" ]	[ 1.3193359375, -0.06927490234375, -0.133544921875, -0.55419921875, -0.7109375, -1.7939453125, -1.81640625, -1.888671875, -2.3515625, -2.509765625, -2.513671875, -2.55078125, -2.56640625, -3.123046875, -3.388671875, -3.8515625, -3.888671875, -4.0859375, -4.1484375, -4.3203125, -4.37890625, -4.5625, -4.859375, -5, -5.5078125, -5.98046875, -6.35546875, -6.421875, -6.5625, -6.9921875, -8.03125, -8.140625 ]
In The Muppet Movie what was the name of the restaurant Doc Hopper wanted to open?	[ "The Muppet Movie revolved around Kermit's journey to Hollywood and the new friends he encountered along the way, friends who shared his dream to make it big in show business. In the film, he meets a Hollywood agent named Bernie while playing his banjo and singing \" The Rainbow Connection \". Bernie discovers his talent and inspires him to set out for Hollywood. For a chance to make \"make millions of people happy\", he heads west for auditions. He comes to the El Sleezo Cafe where he meets Fozzie Bear , who performs in front of a booing audience and Kermit helps him by dancing. He later invites Fozzie to join him in Hollywood. However, a businessman named Doc Hopper wants him to star in his French Fried Frog Legs restaurant chain, he denied the Doc's requests. Coming near an old church, they encounter Dr. Teeth and the Electric Mayhem and their manager, Scooter , who help them avoid being spotted by Doc Hopper. After being joined by Gonzo and his chicken girlfriend, Camilla , they stop at a county fair where they meet Miss Piggy, who instantly lays eyes on Kermit upon winning a beauty pageant.", "The Muppet Movie , presented to the viewer as a movie made by the Muppets to explain how they met, revolved around Kermit's journey to Hollywood and the new friends he encountered along the way, friends who shared his dream to make it big in show business. However, Kermit's motive for becoming famous was the chance to \"make millions of people happy,\" rather than financial gain. When offered to appear as the spokesfrog for the Doc Hopper's French Fried Frog Legs restaurant chain, Kermit denied all of Doc Hopper's requests, regardless of the threat of death by the over-zealous Doc. Two of the most well-known moments from the movie involve Kermit. One is the opening sequence, in which he sings one of his best-known songs, \" The Rainbow Connection \", while playing his banjo in the swamp; the other, his bicycle ride shortly after.", "Doc Hopper is the owner of Doc Hopper's French Fried Frog Legs , a fast food chain, in The Muppet Movie . He is also the main antagonist of the film.", "As the story opens, Kermit is enjoying a relaxing afternoon in the swamp, singing a tune and strumming his banjo, when he is approached by an agent who recognizes his talents and encourages Kermit to pursue a career in Hollywood. Inspired by the idea of making millions of people happy, Kermit sets off on his trusty bicycle . Almost immediately, he is pursued by the conniving Doc Hopper ( Charles Durning ), owner of a struggling french-fried frog legs restaurant franchise who has set his sights on Kermit as a potential new mascot.", "Miss Piggy's infatuation with Kermit — continues apace in The Muppet Movie. But once again the wily frog shows a reluctance to 'awooing go', even though Miss Piggy (left) repeatedly clasps him to her bosom and, in the film, rescues him from the dreaded Doc Hopper — who wants him to promote a chain of frogleg restaurants — and his henchman 'Snake' Walker the frog killer. True love, surely, deserves better reward — and the persistently evasive Kermit should watch out; Hell hath no fury like a pig scorned. 5.50.", "Jim Henson's The Muppet Movie is a charming, funny and brilliant film that can be watched AND enjoyed by adults and kids. I feel this is my favorite childhood film because it combines great characters, great story, and great wit that it is irresistable. The plot involves Kermit the frog (puppeteered and voiced by Henson) in his odyssey across America to follow his dream in Hollywood. Along the way, he meets Fozzie Bear, The Great Gonzo (my favorite), Miss Piggy, Rolf, and DR. Teeth and the electric mayhem.", "Kermit and Fozzie have also frequently been paired together in countless movies, books, and specials. In Muppet Movie The Muppet Movie , Fozzie was the first Muppet Kermit met on his journey. After Fozzie's unsuccessful comedy performance at the El Sleezo Cafe , Kermit invited Fozzie to come to Hollywood with him. The two friends sang the duet \" Movin' Right Along \" in the same film.", "The Muppet characters have appeared in the feature motion pictures The Muppet Movie (1979); The Great Muppet Caper (1981); and The Muppets Take Manhattan (1984).", "The Muppet Show characters went on to star in The Muppet Movie, which was the first film to feature puppets interacting with humans in real-world locations, and later films such as The Great Muppet Caper, The Muppets Take Manhattan, The Muppet Christmas Carol, Muppet Treasure Island, Muppets from Space, It's a Very Merry Muppet Christmas Movie, The Muppets' Wizard of Oz, The Muppets, and Muppets Most Wanted the last two of which relied heavily on the The Muppet Show as a plot basis.", "The Muppet Show characters went on to star in The Muppet Movie , which was the first film to feature puppets interacting with humans in real-world locations, and later films such as The Great Muppet Caper , The Muppets Take Manhattan , The Muppet Christmas Carol , Muppet Treasure Island , Muppets from Space , The Muppets' Wizard of Oz , and The Muppets .", "Near the end of The Muppet Christmas Carol (1992), he passes by a store called \"Micklewhite's.\" His real name is Maurice Micklewhite.", "He has also appeared in all of the Muppet movies, from his prominent roles in The Muppet Movie , The Great Muppet Caper , and The Muppets Take Manhattan , to his much smaller, often non-speaking roles in The Muppet Christmas Carol , Muppet Treasure Island , Muppets from Space , It's a Very Merry Muppet Christmas Movie , The Muppets' Wizard of Oz and A Muppets Christmas: Letters to Santa . He has since had more prominent speaking parts in the OK Go music video for \" The Muppet Show Theme \", The Muppets and Muppets Most Wanted (particularly the extended cut).", "Kermit grew up with thousands of siblings in a swamp. In The Muppets at Walt Disney World , it was revealed that the swamp he grew up in is located near Walt Disney World . He also has a nephew named Robin . In The Muppet Movie, he was inspired to head to Hollywood , encountering the rest of the Muppets along the way. Together, they were given a standard \"rich and famous\" contract by Lew Lord of Wide World Studios and began their careers. In other materials, Kermit is presented as having a friendship and partnership with his original puppeteer Jim Henson, and credits Henson as being the individual to whom he owes his fame.", "The band appeared in the Muppet movies as well, but only showed up on one of the soundtracks -- doing \"Can You Picture That?\" from the original 1979 film, \"The Muppet Movie.\" Dr. Teeth appears solo (without the Electric Mayhem) on the \"Muppets Take Manhattan\" soundtrack.", "'There\\'s Carnegie Hall. Carnegie Mellon. Dale Carnegie. Carnegie Hill. And then there\\'s Carnegie Deli. \\n \\nFrom brisket bliss to cloud nine kasha, it\\'s been a heavenly food haven for 79 years. Latkes the size of flying saucers. Plates toppling over with 4\\\" piles of shaved beef and sauerkraut. And now the decades of deli decadence and delight are over. \\n \\n3D: Disney, Dustin & Deli \\n1937. The year Warren Beatty, <mark>Dustin Hoffman</mark> and Jane Fonda were born; Amelia Ear...", "The Muppet Theater is the setting for The Muppet Show — a grand old vaudeville house that has seen better days. In episode 106, Kermit identifies the name of the theater as The Benny Vandergast Memorial Theater, although by the time of It's a Very Merry Muppet Christmas Movie , it is simply called \"The Muppet Theater.\" It is then that the theater becomes registered as a historical landmark.", "Other celebrities to appear: Dom DeLuise plays an agent. James Coburn plays a bar owner. Telly Savales, Madeline Kahn, and Carol Kane play bar patrons, Elliot Gould plays a pageant emcee, Edgar Bergan (in his final film) plays a judge, Richard Pryor sells balloons, Bob Hope sells ice cream, Milton Berle sells cars. Steve Martin plays a snippy waiter. And who is the final cameo? Orson Effing Welles. That’s how beloved the Muppets were and are. Celebrities loved working for them.", "In The Muppet Movie a running gag entailed one character saying they were lost and the other saying \"maybe you should try Hare Krishna.\"", "A song from the film, \"The Rainbow Connection\", sung by Henson as Kermit, hit number 25 on the Billboard Hot 100 and was nominated for a Best Song Academy Award. In 1981, a Henson-directed sequel, The Great Muppet Caper, followed, and Henson decided to end the still-popular Muppet Show to concentrate on making films. From time to time, the Muppet characters continued to appear in made-for-TV-movies and television specials.", "Sam remained active beyond The Muppet Show, appearing in every Muppet movie to date. In The Muppet Christmas Carol , Sam played the role of young Scrooge 's teacher, who commends young Scrooge on his graduation and saying he has secured an apprenticeship with Fozziwig , saying business is the American way. Gonzo, as Charles Dickens, corrects Sam that the story is set in England, to which Sam in like stateliness says \"it is the British way\".", "Among the most popular of Henson's commercials was a series for the local Wilkins Coffee company in Washington, D.C., in which his Muppets were able to get away with a greater level of slapstick violence than might have been acceptable with human actors and would later find its way into many acts on The Muppet Show. In the first Wilkins ad, a Muppet named Wilkins is poised behind a cannon seen in profile. Another Muppet named Wontkins (with Rowlf's voice) is in front of its barrel. Wilkins asks, \"What do you think of Wilkins Coffee?\" and Wontkins responds gruffly, \"Never tasted it!\" Wilkins fires the cannon and blows Wontkins away, then turns the cannon directly toward the viewer and ends the ad with, \"Now, what do you think of Wilkins?\" Henson later explained, \"Till then, advertising agencies believed that the hard sell was the only way to get their message over on television. We took a very different approach. We tried to sell things by making people laugh.\" The first seven-second commercial for Wilkins was an immediate hit and was syndicated and re-shot by Henson for local coffee companies across the United States; he ultimately produced more than 300 coffee ads. The same setup was used to pitch Kraml Milk in the Chicago area, Red Diamond coffee, several bread products, and even Faygo.", "Camilla appears as Gonzo's business partner in the 2011 film The Muppets, where she and her chicken companions also perform \"Forget You\" in the big Muppet reunion show. In The Muppets' Wizard of Oz, Gonzo mentions that he and Camilla are engaged, but this is never elaborated.", "In Muppets from Space , Bobo played a character named Rentro , an assistant to Jeffrey Tambor's government agent character (K. Edgar Singer) at the Top Secret Facility C.O.V.N.E.T. (which Bobo says is \"cleverly disguised as a cement factory\"). Although he and Singer are portrayed as the \"bad guys\" in the film, Bobo's kind-hearted nature shows through when his character tries to save Gonzo from being captured and having his brain removed at the command of Singer.", "Fillmore, the VW microbus voiced by George Carlin in the film, was unofficially inspired by Route 66 artist Bob Waldmire . I say “unofficially” because Waldmire refused to lend his name for the film. He’s a strict vegetarian, and he was bothered by “Cars” toys with his name on them would be in McDonald’s Happy Meals. Waldmire lives a hippie lifestyle, driving up and down Route 66 in his own VW microbus (complete with a solar panel for supplemental power), and selling his intricate artwork. Waldmire died of cancer on Dec. 16, 2009. His microbus is currently displayed at the Illinois Route 66 Hall of Fame and Museum in Pontiac.", "The film The Great Muppet Caper opens with a spoof of the MGM logo featuring Animal . He roars, then begins to eat the logo circle, revealing the opening shot of the film behind him.", "Aside from Disney, I am also a huge fan of the Muppet Show and its various movies and spin-offs. One of my favourite songs in the world in the opening number for the Muppet Movie from 1979. It was written by Paul Williams and Kenneth Ascher and performed by Jim Henson as Kermit the Frog. If you don't know this song I urge you to listen to it now.", "Oz's quote about being dissatisfied with the movie's script was soon publicized, picked up by several U.S. websites & bloggers, combined with unsourced claims that some of the film's Muppet performers were also unhappy with the movie. [9] Since Oz's Muppet retirement in 2000 was relatively quiet, some of these authors were under the impression that his dislike of the early script was the reason for his departure from the Muppets, even though his true departure from performing with the Muppets was almost 10 years prior.", "It's a Very Merry Muppet Christmas Movie - Kermit passes by a statue erected in his honor, the caption of which reads \"For the lovers, the dreamers, and you.\"", "In 1963, Jim and his new wife moved to New York City, where they formed Muppets, Inc. When his wife quit working on the puppets so she could raise their children, Henson hired Jerry Juhl and Frank Oz, who both played crucial roles in the development of The Muppets.", "Muppets Most Wanted is dedicated to Jerry Nelson (one of the original Muppet performers) and Jane Henson (Jim's wife).", "Obviously in the almost sixty years since Jim Henson started creating Muppets, a lot has happened, so I can’t cover it all here. That being said do any of you have any favorite Muppet stories I may have left out here? Also are you guys excited about the new movie?", "On July 25, 2007, the Center for Puppetry Arts in Atlanta announced the opening of a new Jim Henson Wing, which will house anywhere from 500 to 700 retired Muppets. The new wing will also include films, sketches, and other materials from the Jim Henson Company archives. The wing was originally slated to open in 2012, but has been delayed by a lack of funding and rescheduled for a possible 2014 or 2015 debut. " ]	[ 3.568359375, 3.169921875, 1.322265625, 0.08343505859375, -0.1644287109375, -1.87109375, -2.025390625, -3.46875, -3.587890625, -3.64453125, -3.916015625, -4.14453125, -4.51953125, -4.6953125, -4.796875, -4.828125, -5.09375, -5.1953125, -5.28125, -5.8046875, -6.140625, -6.38671875, -6.66015625, -7.03515625, -7.21484375, -7.33984375, -7.359375, -8.203125, -8.453125, -8.5703125, -8.953125, -9.1875 ]
Who directed The Cable Guy?	[ "The Cable Guy is a 1996 American satirical black comedy film directed by Ben Stiller, starring Jim Carrey and Matthew Broderick. It was released in the United States on June 14, 1996. The film co-stars Leslie Mann, Jack Black, George Segal, Diane Baker, Eric Roberts, Owen Wilson, Janeane Garofalo, David Cross, Andy Dick, Amy Stiller, and Bob Odenkirk.", "The Cable Guy is a 1996 American dark comedy film, directed by Ben Stiller, and starring Jim Carrey and Matthew Broderick. It was released in North America on June 14, 1996 by Columbia Pictures.", "Jim Carrey and Matthew Broderick star in the Columbia Pictures comedy The Cable Guy, directed by Ben Stiller and written by Lou Holtz, Jr. Andrew Licht, Jeffrey Mueller and Judd Apatow are the producers. Brad Grey, Bernie Brillstein and Marc Gurvitz are the executive producers.", "Ben Stiller's \"The Cable Guy\" is a mixed bag of missed opportunities. A dark comedy with an over-the-top villain that clashes with the film's subtler sensibilities, the piece could easily have made a competent thriller or a more thoughtful comedy. Instead of playing up the peril or downplaying Jim Carrey's histrionics however, the filmmakers have other plans. They assemble a deftly directed comic look at particular obsessions, though its enjoyment may rest upon its audience's tolerance for the film's antagonist.", "First-time screenwriter Lou Holtz, Jr. had the idea for The Cable Guy while working as a prosecutor in Los Angeles, declaring that once he saw the cable guy in the hallway of his mother's apartment he started thinking \"What's he doing here so late?\". The screenplay became the focus of a bidding war, won by Columbia Pictures at a price of $1 million. The role of the Cable Guy was originally written for Chris Farley, who turned it down due to scheduling difficulties. Jim Carrey joined the production, receiving a then-record $20 million to star. Following Carrey's signing, Columbia hired Judd Apatow to produce. The studio denied Apatow's interest in directing, but accepted his suggestion to invite Ben Stiller, star of his eponymous show on which Apatow had worked. ", "I really wanted to love 'The Cable Guy'. I loved practically all of Jim Carrey's work from the 90s. Films like 'Ace Ventura', 'Dumb and Dumber' and 'Liar Liar'. His filmography from that decade contains some of my favourite comedies and I could watch a handful of them over and over and they would always cheer me up. I can understand why some people wouldn't get the appeal but his shtick always seemed to hit the spot with me. He has lost his way since but his track record in the 90s was for me near flawless. It was full of hits and devoid of any films that I didn't connect with. It therefore pains me to say that 'The…", "Matthew Broderick asked his girl to marry him and she asked him to move out. The eccentric guy who shows up to install cable in his new pad arrives just at the right time to become his friend. Only The Cable Guy (Jim Carrey) wants to be a little closer than Broderick is comfortable with...", "Roger Ebert included The Cable Guy in his worst of the year list for 1996, though colleague Gene Siskel disagreed, calling it \"a very good film. (Carrey's) best since The Mask\". ", "Nicolas Kim Coppola (born January 7, 1964), known professionally as Nicolas Cage, is an American actor, producer and director. He has performed in leading roles in a variety of films, ranging from romantic comedies and dramas to science fiction and action movies. Cage is known for his prolificacy, appearing in at least one film per year, nearly every year since 1980 (with the exception of 1985 and 1991).", "It's a time-honored urban ritual: Slip the cable guy fifty bucks and you'll get all the movie channels for free. But when Steven Kovacs (Matthew Broderick) moves into a new apartment, his Cable Guy (Jim Carrey) is not like the others. He doesn't want your fifty bucks; all he wants is a friend ... and he won't take \"no\" for an answer. Steven is about to learn that there's no such thing as free cable.", "Stanley Tucci (;; born November 11, 1960) is an American actor, writer, producer and film director.", "Nicolas Coppola (born January 7, 1964), better known by his stage name Nicolas Cage, is an American actor, producer and director best known for his roles as Ben Sanderson in the 1995 romantic drama film Leaving Las Vegas, Castor Troy/Sean Archer in the 1997 action thriller film Face/Off, Charlie and Donald Kaufman in the 2002 drama film Adaptation, Benjamin Franklin \"Ben\" Gates in the National Treasure films and as Johnny Blaze/Ghost Rider in the Ghost Rider films. He hosted Saturday Night Live on September 26, 1992 and made a cameo on February 11, 2012 during the Weekend Update segment.", "Cast: John Goodman, Judy Davis, Michael Lerner, John Mahoney, Tony Shalhoub Dir. Joel Coen Comedy drama John Turturro stars in this drama by the Coen brothers. Young playwright Barton Fink (Turturro), determined to become a success, travels to Hollywood where he immediately obtains a contract, only to develop writer’s block when he discovers he is to write a wrestling movie for a faded 40s star. The Los Angeles heat, his dingy hotel and a noisy neighbour (John Goodman) combine to increase the pressure on him, and Barton begins to lose his grip on reality.", "John David Landis (born August 3, 1950) is an American film director, screenwriter, actor, and producer. He is known for his comedy films, his horror films, and his music videos with Michael Jackson. He directed National Lampoon's Animal House, An American Werewolf in London, Trading Places, Michael Jackson's music video Thriller, The Blues Brothers, and Beverly Hills Cop III.", "Ronald William \"Ron\" Howard (born March 1, 1954) is an American filmmaker and actor. Howard is best known for playing two high-profile roles in television sitcoms in his childhood and early adulthood, and for directing a number of successful feature films later in his career.", "The Dude meets his bowling friends, the timid Donny (Steve Buscemi) and the temperamental Vietnam veteran Walter Sobchak (John Goodman). Encouraged by Walter, the Dude approaches the other Jeffrey Lebowski (David Huddleston), the eponymous \"Big Lebowski\", a cantankerous elderly wheelchair-bound millionaire, to seek compensation for his ruined rug. Though his request is promptly refused, he craftily steals one of Lebowski's rugs by telling Brandt (Philip Seymour Hoffman), Lebowski's sycophantic assistant, that his boss told him to take any rug in the house. The Dude subsequently meets Bunny (Tara Reid), Lebowski's young nymphomaniacal trophy wife.", "Ronald William \"Ron\" Howard (born March 1, 1954) is an American actor, director and producer. He came to prominence as a child actor, playing Opie Taylor in the sitcom The Andy Griffith Show for eight years, and later as the teenaged Richie Cunningham in the sitcom Happy Days for six years. He made film appearances such as in American Graffiti in 1973 and while starring in Happy Days he also made The Shootist in 1976, as well as making his directorial debut with the 1977 comedy film Grand Theft Auto. He left Happy Days in 1980 to focus on directing, and has since gone on to direct several films, including the Oscar winning Cocoon, Apollo 13, Frost/Nixon, A Beautiful Mind and How the Grinch Stole Christmas. In 2003, he was awarded the National Medal of Arts.", "Network is a 1976 American satirical black comedy-drama film written by Paddy Chayefsky and directed by Sidney Lumet, about a fictional television network, UBS, and its struggle with poor ratings. The film stars Faye Dunaway, William Holden, Peter Finch, and Robert Duvall and features Wesley Addy, Ned Beatty, and Beatrice Straight.", "Russell continued his post grad studies at Columbia University in New York City, where he studied under the tutelage of Academy Award winning director Milos Forman. After receiving his MFA in Screenwriting and Directing, Russell was invited to attend the Sundance Institute Film Workshop. It was there that Russell began development on what would become his first film, \"End of the Line\" (1988), a tale of two down and out railway workers named Leo and Will (played by Levon Helm and Wilford Brimley) The cast also included Kevin Bacon and Academy Award winners Mary Steenburgen and Holly Hunter. \"End of the Line\" was well received at Sundance and won a theatrical release by Orion Classics.", "The Telephone was virtually the only Hawkeye project that made it to the screen. It had been written with Robin Williams in mind but he turned it down; comedian-actress Whoopi Goldberg then signed on, with Southern's friend Rip Torn directing, but the project was troubled. Torn battled with Goldberg, who interfered in the production and constantly digressed from the script during shooting, and Torn was forced to plead with her to perform takes that stuck to the screenplay. Torn, Southern and Nilsson put together their own version of the film, which screened at the Sundance Film Festival in early 1988, but it was overtaken by the \"official\" version from the studio, and this version premiered to poor reviews in late January 1988. The project reportedly had some later success when adapted as a theatre piece in Germany. ", "Leslie Mann, who appears in the upcoming Last Man Standing, plays Steven's girlfriend Robin, who misinterprets the Cable Guy's gestures toward Steven as the caring acts of a friend. George Segal (Flirting With Disaster) and Diane Baker (The Silence of the Lambs) play Steven's parents, who are won over by the Cable Guy's antics much to the dismay of their victimized son. Jack Black (Dead Man Walking) plays Steven's dispossessed best friend Rick, whose anger over the Cable Guy's interference in Steven's life leads to his investigation into his true identity.", "Fox's first feature film roles were Midnight Madness (1980) and Class of 1984 (1982), credited in both as Michael Fox. Shortly afterward, he began playing \"Young Republican\" Alex P. Keaton in the show Family Ties which aired on NBC for seven seasons, 1982–89. In an interview with Jimmy Fallon in April 2014, Fox stated he negotiated the role at a payphone at Pioneer Chicken. He received the role only after Matthew Broderick was unavailable. Family Ties had been sold to the television network using the pitch \"Hip parents, square kids,\" with the parents originally intended to be the main characters. However, the positive reaction to Fox's performance led to his character becoming the focus of the show following the fourth episode. At its peak, the audience for Family Ties drew one-third of America's households every week. Fox won three Emmy awards for Family Ties, in 1986, 1987 and 1988. He also won a Golden Globe Award in 1989.", "John Stephen Goodman (born June 20, 1952) is an American actor. Early in his career, he was best known for playing Dan Conner on the ABC TV series Roseanne (1988–1997), for which he won a Golden Globe Award for Best Actor in 1993. He is also a regular collaborator with the Coen brothers on such films as Raising Arizona (1987), Barton Fink (1991), The Big Lebowski (1998), O Brother, Where Art Thou? (2000), and Inside Llewyn Davis (2013). Goodman's voice roles in animated films include Pacha in Disney's The Emperor's New Groove (2000), and Sulley in Pixar's Monsters, Inc. (2001), and Monsters University (2013).", "Goldberg has served as Head of Programming for a major network (ABC) and President of a major Hollywood studio (Twentieth Century-Fox). At ABC he was responsible for developing and introducing an entirely new format the Made-For-Television Movie. As a television producer he was responsible for some of the most highly acclaimed telefilms ever made, including \"Brian's Song,\" \"The Boy in the Plastic Bubble,\" \"Something About Amelia\" and \"Alex: The Life of a Child.\" In partnership with Aaron Spelling he was responsible for an unprecedented string of hit television series, including \"Charlie's Angels,\" \"Hart to Hart,\" \"The Rookies,\" \"Starsky & Hutch,\" \"Fantasy Island\" and \"Family.\" Under his own banner he produced the spectacularly successful features \"WarGames\" and \"Sleeping With The Enemy,\" and the Eddie Murphy comedy \"Distinguished Gentleman.\" Under his aegis as President of Twentieth Century-Fox, the studio produced such critically acclaimed hit films as \"Broadcast News,\" \"Big,\" \"Die Hard,\" \"Wall Street,\" and \"Working Girl.\"", "In the 1976 film Network, the character Max Schumacher (William Holden) tells a funny story to his friend Howard Beale (Peter Finch), in which the young Schumacher, who overslept for a news shoot about the new lower deck at the bridge, gets into a cab wearing a raincoat over his pajamas and tells the cabbie to: \"Take me to the middle of the George Washington Bridge.\" The cabbie, concerned that Schumacher intended to jump from the bridge, turns around and begs him: \"Don't do it buddy! You're a young man! You got your whole life ahead of you!\", .", "The Tall Guy, and Adam Resurrected. Jeff was nominated for an Academy Award for directing the live-action short film Little Surprises, was nominated for an Emmy Award for his television appearance on Will and Grace, and served on the jury of the 1999 Cannes Film Festival.", "A trenchant satire of “trash TV,” Network seems to grow only more relevant with each passing year. Howard Beale (Finch), the dean of newscasters at the United Broadcasting System, is put out to pasture because he “skews old.” Network executive Max Schumacher (William Holden), Howard’s best friend, is forced to deliver the bad news. Beale can’t stomach the idea of losing his 25-year post as anchorman simply because of age, so in his next broadcast he announces to the viewers that he’s going to commit suicide on his final program. Network head Frank Hackett (Robert Duvall) is all for kicking Beale out then and there, but when it looks as though the UBS is going to have its greatest ratings ever on the night of Beale’s self-destruction, ambitious programming exec Diana Christensen (Dunaway) talks Hackett into treating that fateful final telecast as a special event. 121 minutes.", "NBC President Brandon Tartikoff didn't initially like him because he couldn't see his face looking good on a lunch box. Ironically, Fox did not allow this type of marketing when Family Ties (1982) became popular.", "Baldwin's film career began in the 1980s, with roles in movies such as \"Working Girl\" and \"Beetlejuice.\" His role as Jack Ryan in the 1990 film \"The Hunt for Red October\" gave his acting career a huge boost. Baldwin's satirical comedic approach earned him a role as the host of \"Saturday Night Live\" 14 times and landed him on \"30 Rock\" in 2006. He has won an Emmy and two Golden Globes for his role on \"30 Rock,\" which he also co-produces.", "By his own admission, Fox was awful in his audition for Family Ties, but he pleaded for a second audition and became that sitcom's breakout star, playing the all-too-Republican son of 1960s radicals Michael Gross and Meredith Baxter . It was one of the most popular shows of the 1980s, and gave Fox a springboard to movie stardom.", "Aykroyd was openly hostile to the 1989 film Wired, a biopic of Belushi (which featured Aykroyd as a character), and has since refused to work with anyone involved in the film. He had actor J.T. Walsh fired from the film Loose Cannons after Walsh had already done two days of filming, after finding out that Walsh had been in the cast of Wired. ", "The Coen Brothers' A Serious Man (two nominations, including Best Screenplay, with no wins), a quirky black comedy set in 1967 that retold the Book of Job, revolving around the trials suffered by physics professor Larry Gopnik (Michael Stuhlbarg)" ]	[ 9.0625, 8.5078125, 7.3671875, 5.16015625, 4.65234375, 2.107421875, 0.6845703125, -0.4306640625, -1.3212890625, -1.693359375, -1.93359375, -2.236328125, -2.955078125, -3.166015625, -3.349609375, -3.806640625, -4.125, -4.45703125, -4.5234375, -4.609375, -4.99609375, -5.515625, -5.73828125, -6.66796875, -6.8203125, -7.57421875, -7.91015625, -8.2109375, -8.7578125, -8.7578125, -9.03125, -9.1171875 ]
What type of drug is Sherman Klump trying to perfect in The Nutty Professor?	[ "The Nutty Professor is a 1963 comedy, starring Jerry Lewis as an Absent-Minded Professor who, after being bullied and taunted, invents a serum that turns him into an incredibly handsome, strong and popular man named Buddy Love, his new personality gives him the confidence to pursue one of his students, Stella Purdy .", "This is a sequel to Murphy’s popular remake of the Jerry Lewis classic, “The Nutty Professor.” In that movie, overweight professor Sherman Klump (Eddie Murphy) experiments with a weight-reduction formula that turns him into the svelt but mean Buddy Love. As this movie begins, Klump is no longer turning into Buddy Love, but he finds Love’s nasty comments coming out of his mouth, especially when he is around dream girl Professor Denice Gains (Janet Jackson). He tries to eradicate Buddy Love for once and for all through genetic alteration, but when the excised genetic material is mixed with a dog hair, Buddy Love emerges as a separate person, albeit one who likes to sniff things and play catch. Meanwhile, the university wants to sell Professor Klump’s youth formula of $150 million, but Buddy Love wants that money for himself.", "Eddie Murphy gives one of Jerry Lewis' best-remembered vehicles a 1990s overhaul in this hit comedy. Sherman Klump (Murphy) is a college professor and respected biochemistry researcher who is kind, considerate, and a genuinely nice guy. Sherman is also appallingly overweight; coupled with the fact that he's painfully shy and a bit clumsy, his romantic prospects are rather bleak. When Sherman finds himself working with a pretty graduate student, Carla Purty (Jada Pinkett), he falls in love and is eager to impress her, but at an upscale nightclub, his weight attracts the attention of an insult comic (Dave Chappelle) and his bumbling spoils the evening. Sherman's latest project is a genetic weight loss formula, and despondent over his failure to win Carla's heart, he subjects himself to a massive dose. Suddenly, Sherman is transformed into the slim, trim, and handsome Buddy Love; however, the drug also boosts his testosterone level, turning the likable Sherman into the arrogant, skirt-chasing Buddy. In addition to playing Sherman and Buddy, Eddie Murphy also plays four other members of the porcine Klump family, as well as eccentric exercise guru Lance Perkins.", "The Nutty Professor was the first Tom Shadyac film to feature outtakes over the closing credits. The film also has a series of scenes with Murphy and comedian Dave Chappelle who plays insult comic, Reggie Warrington. Much of their dialogue was improvised. Murphy was one of Chappelle's biggest comedic influences. Reggie Warrington is named after Reginald and Warrington Hudlin, brothers, and directors of one of Murphy's previous films, Boomerang. ", "For a lot of his fans, there's pre-N.P. Murphy and post-N.P. Murphy. The post-Nutty Professor is the family guy who minds his P's and Q's and appeals to the kiddies in strictly G to PG, broad comedy fare like Doctor Dolittle, Daddy Day Care and Norbit. The pre-Nutty Murphy liked to use the F word, and other colorful phrases, in adult comedy classics like 48 Hrs. and Beverly Hills Cop. Choose your potion, but in the actual Nutty Professor, Murphy showed his gift for taking on multiple performances and was completely charming as Professor Klump.", "In this film, Cheech and Chong portray the same characters that they made famous with their stand-up routines. Chong plays a good-for-nothing jobless hippie (in the credits, this character just goes by the title, Man) who is kicked out of the house by his wealthy father. Not surprisingly, Man crashes his beat-up VW Beetle and manages to hitch a ride with Pedro (Cheech Marin) by disguising as a big-breasted woman. While driving, they share a giant joint the size of five cigars put together, and in their stoned state are easily apprehended by a couple of cops. As soon as the two druggies are released from prison, guess what is their first order of business? Yes, go looking for more marijuana, which lands them at the doorstep of Pedro's cousin, Strawberry (Tom Skerritt), a Vietnam vet who suffers from occasional hallucinations.", "The film received positive reviews, with critics particularly praising the makeup and Murphy's performance. The film's success spawned a sequel, Nutty Professor II: The Klumps, which was released in 2000. The film was re-released on Blu-ray combo pack on March 6, 2012, to celebrate the 100th anniversary of Universal Studios.", "Remaking Jerry Lewis's semi-classic, Shadyac's comedy stars Eddie Murphy as a portly professor who uses science to turn himself into an entertainingly slim lothario. Murphy's mild-mannered Dr. Sherman Klump goes from good-natured academic to spice-tongued stud, moving from comic beat to comic beat.", "Raoul Duke and Dr. Gonzo in Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas. \"We had two bags of grass, seventy-five pellets of mescaline, five sheets of high-powered blotter acid, a salt shaker half-full of cocaine and a whole galaxy of multicolored uppers, downers, screamers, laughers.... Also a quart of tequila, a quart of rum, a case of Budweiser, a pint of raw ether, and two dozen amyls...\"", "NELSON: Oh, do they do that? Are you asking that? No, they don't. That was actually one of the concerns of a lot of people, but Vince Gilligan has been very clever. You know, there are multiple ways to make meth. And so although his scenes are very accurate, he will sort of (unintelligible) together parts of different syntheses, so that if you just simply followed the one synthesis as it's presented, you wouldn't come out with methamphetamine.", "As father to the Klump family in The Nutty Professor, Murphy is in his element. In both the first film and the sequel he has some great one-liners including his retort to his wife’s openness to colonic irrigation. He says, “You talkin’ ’bout puttin’ the tubes up somebody’s ass, And i can’t break wind?”", "Eddie Murphy scored with a hefty box-office take of $128.8 million (domestic) for his fat-suit film The Nutty Professor (1996). Its sequel also did well, The Nutty Professor II: The Klumps (2000) with $123.3 million (domestic).", "Sodium bicarbonate, as \"bicarbonate of soda\", was a frequent source of punch lines for Groucho Marx in Marx brothers movies. In Duck Soup, Marx plays the leader of a nation at war. In one scene, he receives a message from the battlefield that his general is reporting a gas attack, and Groucho tells his aide: \"Tell him to take a teaspoonful of bicarbonate of soda and a half a glass of water.\" In A Night at the Opera, Groucho's character addresses the opening night crowd at an opera by saying of the lead tenor: \"Signor Lassparri comes from a very famous family. His mother was a well-known bass singer. His father was the first man to stuff spaghetti with bicarbonate of soda, thus causing and curing indigestion at the same time.\" ", "The Nutty Professor has received positive reviews from critics. Rotten Tomatoes gave the film a score of 65% based on reviews from 54 critics. Metacritic gave the film a score of 62 out of 100, indicating \"generally favorable reviews\". ", "Flubber, the magical flying rubber substance first invented by Fred MacMurray in the 1961 hit ''The Absent-Minded Professor,'' is a souvenir of the innocent past. Thanks to John Hughes's head-bashing approach to children's comedy, flubber is now more akin to a dangerous weapon. Just as the ''Home Alone'' films acquainted tiny viewers with the joys of throwing bricks off rooftops, the new ''Flubber'' (written by Mr. Hughes and Bill Walsh, and directed by Mr. Hughes's ''Miracle on 34th Street'' protege Les Mayfield) has fun with flying bowling balls. It also has fun with Robin Williams, but he takes a back seat to the film's main attraction: green Jell-O with attitude.", "Leary returned from Mexico to Harvard in 1960, and he and his associates (notably Richard Alpert, later known as Ram Dass) began a research program known as the Harvard Psilocybin Project. The goal was to analyze the effects of psilocybin on human subjects (first prisoners, and later Andover Newton Theological Seminary students) from a synthesized version of the drug (which was legal at the time), one of two active compounds found in a wide variety of hallucinogenic mushrooms, including Psilocybe mexicana. The compound in question was produced by a process developed by Albert Hofmann of Sandoz Pharmaceuticals, who was famous for synthesizing LSD. ", "Professor Brainard (Fred MacMurray) (pronounced BRAY-nerd) is an absent-minded professor of physical chemistry at Medfield College who invents a substance that gains energy when it strikes a hard surface. This discovery follows some blackboard scribbling in which he reverses a sign in the equation for enthalpy to energy plus pressure times volume. Brainard names his discovery Flubber, which is a portmanteau of \"flying rubber.\" In the excitement of his discovery, he misses his own wedding to Betsy Carlisle (Nancy Olson), not for the first time, but his third. Subplots include another professor wooing the disappointed Miss Carlisle, Biff Hawk's (Tommy Kirk) ineligibility for basketball due to failing Brainard's class, Alonzo Hawk's (Keenan Wynn) schemes to gain wealth by means of Flubber, the school's financial difficulties and debt to Mr. Hawk, and Brainard's attempts to interest the government and military in uses for Flubber. Shelby Ashton (Elliott Reid), who was interested in Betsy, is given his revenge by the Professor, who keeps on jumping on the top of Shelby's car, until it crashes into a police car, where he is given a field sobriety test.", "Flubber Disney's remake of its 1961 \"The Absent Minded Professor,\" here with Robin Williams as the creator of the green goo that can revolutionize the world. Mildly amusing, even for the little ones. Stars Robin Williams. Disney, 1997, MPAA rating: PG, $22.99.", "There were of course marketing and advertising campaigns launched by the drug companies producing this product that touted these narcotics as the cure for all types of physical and mental aliments ranging from alcohol Withdrawal to cancer, depression, sluggishness, coughs, colds, tuberculosis and even old age. Most of the elixirs pitched by the old “snake oil salesmen” in their medicine shows contained one or more of these narcotics in their mix.", "At Harvard, Leary became interested in the properties of hallucinogenic drugs, notably a compound known as LSD (d-lysergic acid diethylamide). He and his colleague Richard Alpert were propagandists for psychedelic drugs as well as experimenters, alarming Harvard to the point where they were instructed not to use undergraduates as subjects for research. Violating this rule led to their expulsion from the Harvard faculty in 1963. (Leary was actually charged with absence without leave.) By this time, Leary and Alpert had left the conventions of science far behind. An article by them published in the Harvard Review hailed the drug life: \"Remember, man, a natural state is ecstatic wonder, ecstatic intuition, ecstatic accurate movement. Don't settle for less.\"", "As David Schmader notes in this week’s Back to School primer on drugs , “college is when you’re practically required to try them.” So tonight Science on Tap kicks off preseason drug education ï¿½ two days before classes ï¿½ with the substance that hooked us first: chocolate. (Only later did we realize Hershey bars taste like crap.)", "The Angewandte Chemie International Edition records the use of nutmeg as an intoxicant in the United States in the post-World War II period, notably among young people, bohemians, and prisoners. A 1966 New York Times piece named it along with morning glory seeds, diet aids, cleaning fluids, cough medicine, and other substances as \"alternative highs\" on college campuses.", "The Absent-Minded Professor is a 1961 American film distributed by Walt Disney Productions based on the short story \"A Situation of Gravity\" by Samuel W. Taylor. The title character was based in part on Hubert Alyea, a professor emeritus of chemistry at Princeton University, who was known as \"Dr. Boom\" for his explosive demonstrations. The film stars Fred MacMurray as Professor Ned Brainard.", "* William S. Burroughs was expelled from school for experimenting with chloral hydrate along with another pupil. The incident is detailed in the writer's foreword to Junkie.", "Mr.. Mackey is the advisor of the school. It is known by its simplista attitude towards drugs and the alcohol (and by the use one its recognized phrases more: \"the drugs are bad, mmm'kay?), and like parodia of the campaigns of Single I gave No, never it gives a reason for which they are bad. The personage is inspired by the advisor of primary of Trey Parker that it always said \"mmm'kay?\".", "In the 1880s, Horsfordï¿½s Acid Phosphate was advertised as toothpaste, as well as a cure for habitual drinking and, here, tobacco use. The testimony of a physician claimed that the product helped the nervous condition caused ï¿½by the toxic action of tobacco.ï¿½ The deadliness of the tobacco habit was attested in an advertisement headline from the April 15, 1893 issue: ï¿½ Donï¿½t Tobacco Spit or Smoke Your Life Away. ï¿½ It offered a booklet about No-To-Bac and provided a money-back guarantee if not cured of the addiction. An advertisement in the December 29, 1894 issue gave the user an easy way out: ï¿½ Donï¿½t Stop Tobacco: How to Cure Yourself While Using It. ï¿½ Marketed as a scientific product developed by a Berlin physician, Baco-Curo purported to remove nicotine from the addictï¿½s system naturally, letting him continue using tobacco while eliminating nicotine dependence.", "Floyd is the ultimate slacker stoner. Pitt plays the character as being so high he barely forms words outside of mumbling, \"Hey! Get some beer and some cleaning products.\" His scenes provide great comedic relief in an otherwise rough and violent movie.", "Amazon.com: The Absent-Minded Professor: Fred MacMurray, Nancy Olson, Kennan Wynn, Tommy Kirk: Amazon Digital Services LLC", "26. El-Alfy AT, Wilson L, ElSohly MA, Abourashed EA. Towards a better understanding of the psychopharmacology of nutmeg: Activities in the mouse tetrad assay. J Ethnopharmacol . 2009;126(2):280-286.", "The 2013 film The Wolf of Wall Street included a depiction of Quaalude intoxication (and driving under the influence) by Leonardo DiCaprio's character. Later, headlines were focused on Quaaludes after a deposition became public where Bill Cosby admitted under oath that he had given the drug to women with whom he wanted to have sex. ", "*Professor Plum is a former professor of psychiatry and current member of the World Health Organization whose medical license was revoked because he had an affair with one of his female patients. ", "Misattributed to various people, including Albert Einstein and Mark Twain. An early occurrence was used as a teaching reference at University of California, Irvine in social science lectures in the later 1960s. Also found in a 1981 text from Narcotics Anonymous ." ]	[ -0.248779296875, -0.279296875, -0.385498046875, -2.65234375, -3.978515625, -4.00390625, -4.30078125, -4.78515625, -4.78515625, -4.86328125, -5.01953125, -5.01953125, -5.32421875, -5.48828125, -5.54296875, -5.96484375, -6.671875, -6.80078125, -6.8203125, -6.90234375, -7.3046875, -7.41796875, -7.45703125, -7.51171875, -7.6484375, -7.828125, -8.1796875, -9.234375, -9.2734375, -9.5078125, -9.75, -10.2421875 ]
Which First Lady had to give evidence over the Whitewater scandal?	[ "January 26 – Whitewater scandal : U.S. First Lady Hillary Rodham Clinton testifies before a grand jury.", "* January 26 – Whitewater scandal: U.S. First Lady Hillary Clinton testifies before a grand jury.", "In February 1996, for the first time in history, a first lady of the United States was required to appear before a grand jury. Hillary Rodham Clinton testified for four hours before a federal grand jury on the disappearance and reappearance of billing records related to her representation of a failed investment institution that was under scrutiny when she was an attorney in Arkansas. Her testimony was part of the Whitewater investigation, which examined past financial dealings of Hillary Rodham Clinton, President bill clinton, and others.", "On January 26, 1996, she testified before a grand jury concerning the Whitewater scandal. Over time, the parameters of the investigation would enlarge to include other charges made against the President and First Lady that were questionable in their validity. In every case, the investigations led to no criminal charges against Hillary Clinton. Here are her remarks following her testimony:", "A New York Times article written in March 1992, during the 1992 U.S. presidential campaign, reported that the Clintons had invested and lost money in the Whitewater development project.[1] The article stimulated the interest of L. Jean Lewis, a Resolution Trust Corporation investigator who was looking into the failure of Madison Guaranty Savings and Loan, owned by McDougal. She looked for connections between the savings and loan company and the Clintons, and on September 2, 1992, she submitted a criminal referral to the FBI naming Bill and Hillary Clinton as witnesses in the Madison Guaranty case. Little Rock U.S. Attorney Charles A. Banks and the FBI determined that the referral lacked merit, but she continued to pursue it. Between 1992 and 1994 she issued several additional referrals against the Clintons and repeatedly called the U.S. Attorney's Office in Little Rock and the Justice Department about the case.[2] Her referrals eventually became public knowledge, and she testified before the Senate Whitewater Committee in 1994.", "When Foster, now White House counsel, committed suicide (1993), however, more questions arose. Strongly pursued in Washington, mainly by Republicans, but largely ignored by the general public, Whitewater was investigated by a special prosecutor beginning in 1994 and by congressional committees in 1995–96. Special prosecutor Kenneth Starr 's investigation included testimony from Mrs. Clinton (which was the first time a first lady was subpoenaed by a grand jury) and videotaped testimony from the president.", "1998 - U.S. first lady Hillary Rodham Clinton on was questioned by Whitewater prosecutors on videotape about her work as a private lawyer for the failed savings and loan at the center of the investigation.", "A March 1992, New York Times article published during the U.S. presidential campaign reported that the Clintons, then governor and first lady of Arkansas, had invested and lost money in the Whitewater Development Corporation. The article stimulated the interest of L. Jean Lewis, a Resolution Trust Corporation investigator who was looking into the failure of Madison Guaranty Savings and Loan, owned by Jim and Susan McDougal. Lewis looked for connections between the savings and loan company and the Clintons, and on September 2, 1992, she submitted a criminal referral to the FBI naming Bill and Hillary Clinton as witnesses in the Madison Guaranty case. Little Rock U.S. Attorney Charles A. Banks and the FBI determined that the referral lacked merit, but Lewis continued to pursue the case. From 1992 to 1994, Lewis issued several additional referrals against the Clintons, and repeatedly called the U.S. Attorney's Office in Little Rock and the Justice Department regarding the case. Her referrals eventually became public knowledge, and she testified before the Senate Whitewater Committee in 1995.", "Hillary’s Missing Whitewater Documents. In 1996, a special Senate Whitewater committee released a report from the FBI demonstrating that documents sought in the Whitewater investigation had been found in the personal Clinton quarters of the White House. The First Lady’s fingerprints were on them. The documents had gone mysteriously missing for two years. Mark Fabiani, special White House counsel, immediately stated that there was no problem, according to the Times: “He added that she had testified under oath that she had nothing to do with the documents during the two years they were missing and did not know how they ended up in the family quarters.” Hillary remains the only First Lady in American history to be fingerprinted by the FBI. Those weren’t the only missing Whitewater documents later found in the Clinton White House. Rose Law billing records were found years after being sough t “in the storage area in the third-floor private residence at the White House where unsolicited gifts to the President and First Lady are stored before being sorted and catalogued.”", "Whitehurst notes that uniformed Secret Service officer Henry O' Neill testified that he saw the first lady's chief of staff Maggie Williams removing documents from Foster's office the night he died. Williams denied removing documents that night, but did admit she took documents two days later and stored them in the first lady's living quarters' closet. In the film, White House intern Thomas Castleton testifies before the Senate Whitewater Committee in 1995, \"I was told (by Williams) that the contents of the box needed to be reviewed by the first lady.\" McNulty concludes this line of inquiry with the account of T. March Bell, who was a member of the 1995 House Waco investigation staff: \"One of the interesting things that happens in an investigation is that you get anonymous phone calls. And we in fact received anonymous phone calls from Justice Department managers and attorneys who believe that pressure was placed on Janet Reno by Webb Hubbell, and pressure that came from the first lady of the United States.\" ï¿½..\"", "Bill Clinton: The president has now testified under oath in two Whitewater cases tried by Starr and his team. In the first, Clinton steadfastly contradicted the government's star witness, banker David Hale, who said Clinton had pressured him to make an illegal $300,000 loan. After supporting Clinton's denial, James McDougal is reportedly now corroborating Hale. Starr is also investigating Travelgate (the Clinton Administration's firing of seven longtime travel office workers) and the FBI files flap (the improper collection of some 900 FBI background files). During his presentation before the House Judiciary Committee over the Monica Lewinsky investigation, Starr said that he did not have enough evidence to present reports to Congress on Whitewater, Travelgate and the FBI files affair but that the investigations are continuing.", "The Whitewater controversy (also called the Whitewater scandal, or simply Whitewater) began with investigations into the real estate investments of Bill and Hillary Clinton and their associates, Jim and Susan McDougal in the Whitewater Development Corporation, a failed business venture in the 1970s and 1980s.", "In the first three years of the Whitewater controversy, between 1992 and 1995, when she was asked how she became the billing partner on the Madison account, Hillary Clinton said that it came about because Richard Massey, a young Rose Law Firm associate, asked her to help him out. That happened in 1985, at a time when Madison was in troubled financial condition and looking for ways to raise new capital. Massey, according to the first lady, had talked to John Latham, Madison's chief executive officer, about ways the firm could help the thrift, then went to her to talk about it. The first lady offered a detailed description of this episode at her nationally televised news conference in April 1994:", "Clinton waves to the media in January 1996 as she arrives for an appearance before a grand jury in Washington. The first lady was subpoenaed to testify as a witness in the investigation of the Whitewater land deal in Arkansas. The Clintons' business investment was investigated, but ultimately they were cleared of any wrongdoing.", "The Whitewater controversy originated as a failed real estate venture that Hillary and Bill Clinton were involved in during the late 1970s and mushroomed during the Clinton presidency into a whole series of highly politicized and loosely connected scandals, subscandals, and pseudoscandals. Protracted investigations by special prosecutors and Congress of the many side dramas that came to be known collectively as Whitewater consumed much of the Clinton years. Several members of the Clintons’ circle were convicted for various levels of involvement, but the Clintons were ultimately cleared of wrongdoing.", "During a Jan. 15, 1996, interview on Diane Rehm's talk show on WAMU-FM radio in Washington, the first lady was asked a typical question about the extent to which she had fully disclosed all pertinent information on Whitewater. Her answer revealed an apparent contradiction in her overall handling of inquiries into her past conduct.", "The Whitewater investigation by independent counsel Kenneth Starr began in 1994 with accusations of impropriety against the Clintons and others concerning improper campaign contributions, political and financial favors, and tax benefits. Its initial subject was a failed Arkansas real-estate venture involving the Clintons in the 1980s that was linked to the collapse of Madison Guaranty Savings and Loan, a Little Rock savings bank run by the Clintons’ Whitewater business partners. Clinton friends James and Susan McDougal went to jail for fraud (James died while serving his sentence), as did former Arkansas Gov. Jim Tucker and municipal judges David Hale and Eugene Fitzhugh.", "As First Lady of the United States, Clinton led the unsuccessful effort to enact the Clinton health plan of 1993. In 1997 and 1999, she helped create programs for children's health insurance, adoption, and foster care. At a UN conference on women, Clinton stated, \"human rights are women's rights and women's rights are human rights\". The only first lady to have been subpoenaed, she faced a federal grand jury in 1996 regarding the Whitewater controversy; no charges were ever brought against her related to this or any other controversy. Her marriage endured the Lewinsky scandal of 1998, and her role as first lady drew a polarized response from the public.", "In what may be a harbinger of things to come should the first lady decide to make a bid for D'Amato's old job, the Senate veteran revisited Mrs. Clinton's own role in the Whitewater cover-up the night Foster died.", "Hillary Clinton writes Jim McDougal enclosing a power of attorney for him to sign \"authorizing me to act on your behalf with respect to matters concerning Whitewater Development Corporation.\" Another power of attorney is enclosed for Susan McDougal. The power of attorney includes the right to endorse, sign and execute \"checks, notes, deeds, agreements, certificates, receipts or any other instruments in writing of all matters related to Whitewater Development Corporation.\" This letter, uncovered in 1993 by Jerry Seper of the Washington Times, directly contradicts the claim of the Clintons that they were \"passive shareholders\" in Whitewater.", "David Hale, the source of criminal allegations against the Clintons, claimed in November 1993 that Bill Clinton had pressured him into providing an illegal $300,000 loan to Susan McDougal, the Clintons' partner in the Whitewater land deal. Clinton supporters regarded Hale's allegations as questionable, as Hale had not mentioned Clinton in reference to this loan during the original FBI investigation of Madison Guaranty in 1989; only after coming under indictment in 1993, did Hale make allegations against the Clintons. A U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission investigation did result in convictions against the McDougals for their role in the Whitewater project. Jim Guy Tucker, Bill Clinton's successor as governor, was convicted of fraud and sentenced to four years of probation for his role in the matter. Susan McDougal served 18 months in prison for contempt of court for refusing to answer questions relating to Whitewater.", "Her second mistake also came in 1990, when Jim McDougal was facing trial over the collapse of Madison Guaranty Savings and Loan. In his hour of need, he asked Bill to testify as a character witness in his trial. Though Bill was willing to do so, Hillary was adamant that he should avoid any association with McDougal. She successfully persuaded Bill to decline. McDougal was acquitted, but he never forgave the Clintons for their disloyalty. He too began to leak damaging stories about Whitewater to Gerth and other reporters from his rusting trailer in Arkadelphia. Thus, even as she kindled her husband’s presidential bid, Hillary helped spark the fires of financial and sexual scandal that almost destroyed his presidency.", "Whitewater became a fulcrum in a constellation of interconnected scandals that continued to plague the couple through Bill Clinton’s entire presidency, and that Trump, the presumptive GOP presidential nominee, is now spotlighting in an effort to damage Hillary Clinton, his likely general election rival.", "Did Foster show Hillary Clinton the billing records during the 1992 campaign? David Kendall, the first lady's personal lawyer on Whitewater issues, said in January 1996: \"She recalls discussing this legal work in the spring of 1992 with Mr. Foster and Mr. Hubbell as she sought accurately to answer press questions during the presidential campaign about the Madison Guaranty work. It is possible they showed her the billing records then, but she does not recall.\"", "July 18 : A U.S. Senate committee begins hearings into the Whitewater affair–the real-estate and financial dealings of President and Mrs. Clinton while they were living in Arkansas.", "Dec. 21 : President Clinton and Congress reach an agreement whereby the White House will comply with a congressional subpoena and turn over new material in the Whitewater affair to Senate and federal investigators.", "Floride Calhoun, wife of Vice President John C. Calhoun, was a central figure in the Petticoat Affair, a social-political scandal which involved the social ostracism of Secretary of War John H. Eaton and his wife Margaret O'Neill Eaton further damaging already-strained relations between Vice President Calhoun and President Andrew Jackson. Tipper Gore, wife of Vice President Al Gore, was active in several campaigns to remove material she found objectionable from popular American entertainment like movies, television shows and music, starting when her husband was a senator. She challenged performers over their use of profane lyrics and often debated with her critics, such as Dead Kennedys singer Jello Biafra. Lynne Cheney, wife of Vice President Dick Cheney, championed education reform, citing specific failures of the American public education system during her tenure as second lady. She is a particularly outspoken supporter of American history education, having written five bestselling books on this topic for children and their families. Jill Biden, the current second lady, works as an English professor at Northern Virginia Community College, and is thought to be the first second lady to hold a paying job while her husband is vice president. She has been involved in various causes, including breast cancer awareness and literacy.", "The First Lady held an April 22, 1994 press conference in which she explained the details as proof of her not having taken any illegal actions. Political pressure, however, led to the President's appointment of a special prosecutor to investigate the charges, a move the First Lady opposed. Wearing a pink suit, it became known as the \"pink press conference.\" Here is the first part of that press conference:", "\"This is one of those rare instances where my presence indirectly became a part of this reaction from those pictured in the photograph. Secretary of State Hillary Clinton had just accidentally dropped all of her briefing papers onto the Oval Office rug and she, the President and Vice President all reacted in a way that indicated that surely I wouldn't get a photo of that to embarrass her.\" (Official White House Photo by Pete Souza)", "The book, “ Unlikeable: The Problem with Hillary ,” says the former first lady was furious at what she believed were damaging leaks by Obama aides that led to investigations of her use of a private email server as secretary of state . So she went right to the top to settle the matter.", "What First Lady became the first wife of a sitting president to appear under subpoena before a grand jury?", "What First Lady became the first wife of a sitting president to appear under subpoena before a grand jury?" ]	[ 5.52734375, 5.22265625, 5.01171875, 3.95703125, 3.611328125, 3.40625, 3.22265625, 2.94921875, 2.650390625, 2.44921875, 2.36328125, 2.248046875, 2.087890625, 1.890625, 1.306640625, 0.8818359375, 0.77197265625, 0.63232421875, 0.387451171875, 0.1956787109375, 0.1331787109375, 0.08660888671875, -0.1436767578125, -0.383056640625, -0.5625, -1.76953125, -4.03125, -4.56640625, -4.81640625, -4.859375, -5.40234375, -5.40234375 ]
"About which British politician did Francois Mitterrand say, ""She has the mouth of Marilyn Monroe and the eyes of Caligula?"""	[ "Thatcher was taught as a child by her grocer father that the French were both Roman Catholic and Communist and riddled with sexual disease; Mitterand said that Margaret Thatcher had ‘the eyes of Caligula and the mouth of Marilyn Monroe’. Thatcher’s finest European hour came in 1984 when she marched into Fontainebleau to demand the ‘British rebate’–66% rebate from the French and the Germans who wanted to give only 50%.", "François Mitterrand once said of Lady Thatcher that ''she has the eyes of Caligula, but the mouth of Marilyn Monroe,'' but the works in the exhibition, which closes on Saturday, examine her from the perspective of hindsight, her power and her vibrancy diminished. In ''3 ft. Thatcher,'' for instance, the larger-than-life leader has been reduced to a tiny dull-eyed figure in a plain overcoat and humble head scarf.", "Mr Mitterrand - who once described Mrs Thatcher as \"the eyes of Caligula and the mouth of Marilyn Monroe\" - went on: \"One cannot win against the insular syndrome of an unbridled Englishwoman. Provoke a nuclear war for a few islands inhabited by three sheep as hairy as they are freezing! But it's a good job I gave way. Otherwise, I assure you, the Lady's metallic finger would have hit the button.\"", "François Mitterrand , President of France , speaking of Prime Minister Thatcher to his former aide Jacques Attali. Usually misquoted as: She has the eyes of Caligula and the mouth of Marilyn Monroe.", "BOTH loved and loathed at home, Margaret Thatcher stirred similarly polarised feelings abroad. They began across the Channel. In office she had a tricky time with French leaders, whatever their political stripe. François Mitterrand once said that she had the mouth of Marilyn Monroe and the eyes of Caligula. Jacques Chirac, a former president on the right, was caught at a European summit declaring: “What more does that housewife want from me? My balls on a plate?”", "I wonder what François Mitterrand would have made of the new portrait of Baroness Thatcher unveiled this week? He'd certainly have held a view: it was the late president of France, after all, who famously delivered to our former PM the backhanded compliment that she had the \"eyes of Caligula and the mouth of Marilyn Monroe\".Mitterrand was acknowledging, with typical Gallic elegance, Thatcher's status as both a woman of some appeal and a ruthless political leader (and scourge of the EU). Does Richard Stone's take on the Iron Lady, which depicts her just after the Falklands War in 1982, do justice to this combination?", "Socialist French President François Mitterrand and conservative British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher. Together, they were the titans of European and world politics in the 80s. Together, they harkened back to the era when the fate of the world was decided by the statesmen of Europe in her chancelleries. … and they didn’t get along well.", "\"She has the eyes of Caligula but the mouth of Marilyn Monroe.\" French President Francois Mitterrand", "French President Francois Mitterand famously said of her « Elle a la bouche de Marilyn et les yeux de Caligula »", "(13 October 1925 – 8 April 2013) was a British politician who was the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1979 to 1990 and the Leader of the Conservative Party from 1975 to 1990. She was the longest-serving British Prime Minister of the 20th century and is the only woman to have held the office. A Soviet journalist called her the \"Iron Lady\", a nickname that became associated with her uncompromising politics and leadership style. As Prime Minister, she implemented policies that have come to be known as Thatcherism.", "Mitterrand’s own assessment of her was confided to Attali. “Of course it is only power that matters,” he said late one night in 1982. “You can do nothing without it. That’s why I admire Thatcher.”", "James Harold Wilson, Baron Wilson of Rievaulx, KG , OBE , PC , FRS , FSS (11 March 1916 – 24 May 1995) was a British Labour Party politician who served as the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1964 to 1970 and 1974 to 1976.", "In 1990 President Mitterrand, de Gaulle's old political rival, presided over the celebrations to mark the 100th anniversary of his birth. Mitterrand, who once wrote a vitriolic critique of him called the \"Permanent Coup d'État\", quoted a then recent opinion poll, saying, \"As General de Gaulle, he has entered the pantheon of great national heroes, where he ranks ahead of Napoleon and behind only Charlemagne.\" Under the influence of the paleo-left CERES leader Jean-Pierre Chevènement, Mitterrand had, except on certain economic and social policies, rallied to much of Gaullism. Between the mid-1970s and mid-1990s there developed a left-right consensus, dubbed \"Gaullo-Mitterrandism\", behind the \"French status\" in NATO: i.e. outside the integrated military command.", "James Callaghan 's Labour government fell after a successful Motion of no confidence in spring 1979 and in the general election of 1979 the Conservatives won a 44-seat majority in the House of Commons and Margaret Thatcher became the United Kingdom's first female Prime Minister. On arriving at 10 Downing Street , she famously said, in a paraphrase of St. Francis of Assisi :", "Mitterand is also remembered for having appointed Edith Cresson as Prime Minister. Although she only remained in the post from May 1991 to April 1992, she remains France’s first and only woman to hold the position. Mitterrand’s last years as president of France saw increasing economic problems as well as social unrest. He also battled health problems and underwent two operations for prostate cancer while in office.", "Marine Le Pen, from the National Front, during a TV talk show on how to prevent sex crimes recidivism, criticized Mitterrand for his support of Polanski. She recalled that in 2005, Mitterrand had published a book strongly similar to memoirs in which he mentioned using adolescent \"boy\" prostitutes in Thailand. She contended that such apparent support of abusers of minors from a minister was at odds with the objective of the state to discourage sex tourism and the abuse of minors. The National Front started a petition for Mitterrand's resignation.", "François Maurice Adrien Marie Mitterrand (; 26 October 1916 – 8 January 1996) was a French statesman who was President of France from 1981 to 1995. He was the longest-serving President of France and, as leader of the Socialist Party, the first figure from the left elected President under the Fifth Republic.", "Marilyn Monroe (born Norma Jeane Mortensen, June 1 1926 – August 5 1962 ) is arguably the twentieth-century's most famous movie star , sex symbol and pop icon . Monroe's rise to stardom began when she was recruited to do magazine modeling while her first husband was in the Merchant Marine . She did most of her films for 20th Century Fox , where she adopted the name with which she gained superstardom. After acting in bit roles for several years, she gradually became known for her comedic skills and remarkable screen presence. She worked toward serious roles later in her career and, up to an extent, managed to realize these goals. However, constant publicity and romantic disappointments led her to personal problems. The circumstances surrounding her death have been the subject of much speculation, but have not tarnished her reputation as one of the most legendary public figures of all time.", "But by far the most famous were her frequent sharp exchanges with Winston Churchill . He once told her that having a woman in Parliament was like having one intrude on him in the bathroom, to which she retorted, \"You’re not handsome enough to have such fears.\"", "Valéry Giscard d'Estaing, a former President of France, has said that it is ridiculous to sing about drenching French fields with impure Prussian blood as a German Chancellor takes the salute in Paris. A 1992 campaign to change the words of the song involving more than 100 prominent French citizens, including Danielle Mitterrand, wife of then-President François Mitterrand, was unsuccessful. ", "François Maurice Adrien Marie Mitterrand (October 26, 1916 – January 8, 1996) was a French politician. He was elected President of France in May 1981, re-elected in 1988 and held office until 1995.", "8. Which European leader publicly welcomed a new female MP to parliament by reminding her of a 'rule' called 'jus primae noctis' ('law of the first night' - a medieval right of the Lord of the manor to deflower new brides) ? Silvio Berlusconi; Winston Churchill; Nicolas Sarkozy; or Helmut Kohl? SOLUTION FOR QUIZ", "During this period there were some who thought they detected undue influence by Lady Avon over her husband. For example, Lady Jebb, wife of the British Ambassador in Paris, alluded in her diary to Shakespeare's Lady Macbeth and referred to \"Clarissa's war\". (It should be borne in mind, however, that her husband, Sir Gladwyn, a \"figure of some grandeur, if not hauteur\", was furious at his exclusion from an Anglo-French summit in Paris two weeks before the Suez invasion. ) In December 1956 Walter Monckton, a member of Eden's Government who opposed the Suez invasion, apparently told a Labour Member of Parliament, Anthony Wedgwood Benn, that Lady Avon was a powerful force in politics, with great influence on her husband, and that \"now she knows he [Monckton] opposed Anthony she won't have anything to do with him\". Monckton claimed, among other things, that, during a rail strike in 1955, Eden, by then Prime Minister, had, at his wife's urging, taken a tougher public stance in relation to the railwaymen than that advised by Monckton, as Minister of Labour, and senior civil servants (although there is evidence that Churchill had also privately advocated to Eden the need for a strong line ).", "French statesman and president François Mitterrand was born on October 26, 1916, in Jarnac, France. One of eight children, Mitterrand grew up in a middle-class, Catholic family. His father worked as a stationmaster for a railroad company. Mitterrand attended College Saint-Paul in Angouleme. In 1934, he moved to Paris to continue his education. There, he studied law and politics at the University of Paris.", "Lady Trumpington, a long serving minister under Thatcher, echoed Armstrong's comments as she admonished peers for failing to acknowledge Thatcher's beauty. \"None [of the speakers] have commented on her beauty. She was a beautiful woman. It took a French man – a French president – to appreciate her though it had a twist but that is typically French.\"", "\"If you bungle raising your CHILDREN, I don't think whatever else you do well matters very much.\" Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis's most memorable quotation was a spontaneous remark made during a 1960 TV interview shortly before her husband was elected president. In It Takes a Village, Hillary Clinton cited Jackie's words. Since then this comment has sometimes been misattributed to Hillary herself.", "After the war he quickly moved back into politics, and was elected as representative for the NiÃ¨vre dÃ©partement in 1946. He held various offices in the Fourth Republic before resigning in 1957 over the French policy for Algiers. In 1959, on the avenue de l'Observatoire in Paris, Mitterrand escaped an assassin's bullet by diving behind a hedge. The incident brought him a great deal publicity, boosting his political ambitions. Some of his critics claim that he had staged the incident himself. Prosecution was initiated on the issue, but was later dropped.", "Nancy became a candidate for her husband's vacant seat and won -- the first woman to ever hold a seat in the House of Commons. She would hold that seat, as a Conservative Member of Parliament until retiring in 1945, serving the Sutton division in Plymouth. One of her political legacies is of a champion of women's and children's rights. A less flattering look at her political views paints her as an elitist who felt she and her social cast (the cultured elite) could better benevolently lead the rest of us commoners than we could lead ourselves.", "Jacques René Chirac is a French politician who served as President of France from 1995 to 2007. He previously served as Prime Minister of France from 1974 to 1976 and from 1986 to 1988 (making him the only person to hold the position of Prime Minister twice under the Fifth Republic), and as Mayor of Paris from 1977 to 1995.", "The Guardian reported that Fillon is an Anglophile; his wife Penelope Clarke, with whom he has 5 children, was born in Wales . Ideologically, Fillon is being described as a moderate left-leaning member of the conservative UMP party.", "Before she began her political career she was a world-famous theater and actress. She resigned from the Government in order to stand for the candidacy for Mayor of London. From 2000 Member of the Mayor of London's Advisory Cabinet in charge of Homelessness (b. 1936- ).", "1962 - Alessandra Mussolini was born. Italian conservative politician and former actress (Ferragosto OK) and model." ]	[ 6.26171875, 5.50390625, 5.30859375, 3.708984375, 3.396484375, 2.60546875, 0.60888671875, 0.358642578125, -0.0576171875, -0.3916015625, -1.361328125, -1.8525390625, -2.103515625, -2.8125, -3.46484375, -3.712890625, -3.962890625, -4.1640625, -4.359375, -4.70703125, -4.91015625, -5.69921875, -5.796875, -6.29296875, -6.3203125, -6.32421875, -6.96875, -7.88671875, -8.1328125, -8.40625, -8.4140625, -8.9609375 ]
Nigel Short was the youngest champion in which game in 1984?	[ "Throughout his career as a great professional chess player, Nigel Short has represented England in every Olympiad since 1984. He became the youngest International Master in the chess history by scoring 8/15 in the Hastings Premier from1979 to 1980. Since 1984, he gained three victories in Dubai in 1986, three team silvers in 1984, 1986 and 1988 respectively. He has also won a team bronze medal (Novi Sad) in 1990. He won the British Chess Championships in 1984 and 1998 as well as the English Championship in1991.", "<National> In 1977 he became the youngest ever participant in the British Chess Championship by qualifying three days before his twelfth birthday. When Nigel was 14, he tied for 1st place in the British Championship of 1979 with John Nunn and Robert Bellin , earning his first IM norm. Short won the British Chess Championship in 1984, 1987, and 1998, and the English Championship in 1991. He came =1st in the British Championships (2011) at the age of 46, but lost the tie breaker to Michael Adams .", "Nigel Short was born on June 1, 1965 in Leigh, Lancashire United Kingdom. He was the second son of David Short. He grew up in Atherton and studied at Bolton School and Leigh College. He was a God gifted prodigy, at the age of 10 won against Viktor Korchnoi in an exhibition which caught the media’s attention. He was the youngest player who has qualified for the British Championship at the age of 11. On January 11 1980 at the age of 14, he earned his International Master title and was the youngest ever to earn that title in the history of chess.", "Nigel David Short (born 1 June 1965) is an English chess grandmaster, chess columnist, chess coach and chess commentator. Short earned the Grandmaster title at the age of 19, and was ranked third in the world by FIDE from January 1988 to July 1989. In 1993 he became the first English player to play a World Chess Championship match, when he qualified to play Garry Kasparov in the World Chess Championship 1993 in London, but lost.", "Hailed a chess prodigy at the age of 10, Short was one of the youngest grandmasters in the world, earning the title at age 19 in 1984, and later became the first Englishman to compete for the World Chess Championship in 1993.", "First garnering attention as a 10-year-old who defeated Viktor Korchnoi in a simul, the legendary Nigel Short was a true child prodigy who would grow to dominate English chess for the better end of the 20th century. A World top-100 player for most of his life -- and still there today, at 49, the oldest player in the elite category -- Short reached his career pinnacle as challenger for the 1993 World Chess Championship, when he qualified to play Garry Kasparov in London.", "He obtained the 1st place in Genève in 1979 and during the BBL Master Game in 1981, at AMSTERDAM OHRA in 1982. He came 1st in the British Championship from 2011 at the age of 46 but lost his tie breaker to Michael Adams. That year he lifted his rating back into the 2700 group. According to the list of world chess federation (FIDE) Nigel Short was ranked as the 62nd player in the world. Currently he is doing his job as coach of young chess players and travels around the world to share his knowledge.", "1977: Nigel Short of England, aged 11, qualified as the youngest ever competitor in a national chess championship. He had already beaten Viktor Korchnoi during an exhibition game. The Cuban player, Capablanca, was 12 when he first played in a national contest.", "* January 11 – Nigel Short, 14, becomes the youngest chess player to be awarded the degree of International Master.", "A chess prodigy, Short first attracted significant media attention, as a 10-year-old, by defeating Viktor Korchnoi in a simultaneous exhibition. In 1977 he became the youngest ever participant in the British Chess Championship by qualifying three days before his twelfth birthday. Two years later, at the British Championship in Chester 1979, the 14-year-old tied for first place with John Nunn and Robert Bellin, earning his first IM norm. He became (at the time) the youngest International Master in chess history, by scoring 8/15 in the Hastings Premier in 1979/80 and thus breaking Bobby Fischer's record of 1958. Participating in four World Junior Championships (1980–1983), Short achieved his best result during his first attempt in which he placed second to Garry Kasparov in 1980 at Dortmund. He was awarded the grandmaster title in 1984, aged nineteen—becoming the youngest grandmaster in the world at that time.", "Eventually a three-time British champion, Short became the youngest-ever competitor in his nation’s title event just days before his 12th birthday, and soon after tied for first at 14 years old in 1979. He secured his International Master title later that year, the youngest in chess history to earn the inscription at the time, and eventually became the youngest Grandmaster in the world after earning the title at 19.", " In 1993 Kasparov and the English grandmaster Nigel Short left FIDE and formed a rival organization, the Professional Chess Association (PCA). In response, FIDE stripped the title of world champion from Kasparov, who defeated Short that same year to become the PCA world champion. In 1995 he successfully defended his PCA title against Viswanathan Anand ( Anand, Viswanathan ) of India.", "Short became the then youngest International Master in chess history, by scoring 8/15 in the Hastings Premier in 1979/80. He has finished outright first, or tied for first, in many international tournaments including Geneva (1979), the BBC Master Game (1981), Amsterdam OHRA (1982), Baku (1983), Esbjerg (1984), Wijk aan Zee (1986 and 1987), Reykjav�k (1987), Amsterdam VSB (1988, 1991, 1992, and 1993), Hastings (1987/88 and 1988/89), P�rnu (1996), Groningen (1996), Tallinn/P�rnu (1998), Dhaka United Insurance (1999), Shymkent (1999), Pamplona (1999/2000), the Tan Chin Nam Cup in Beijing (2000), Sigeman and Co. Malm� (2002), Gibraltar (2003), Gibraltar Masters (2004) , Hunguest Hotels Super Chess Tournament (2003) , Samba Cup (2003), Skanderborg (2003), Taiyuan (2004), Politiken Cup (2006) , Baku 2008, Bazna King's Tournament (2008) , Sigeman & Co (2009) , 11th BCC Thailand Open (2011) , Thailand Open 2012 and Luanda (2011). In 2012, he came =1st with Women's World Champion Yifan Hou at Tradewise Gibraltar (2012) but won the blitz tiebreak match to take first prize. He then won the 12th Bangkok Open (2012) with a score of 8/9 and came equal 1st with Adams in the unrated Bunratty Masters (2012) ; however he lost to Adams in the tiebreak. Another good result was =2nd at Corus Group B (2009) after losing the last round game to Fabiano Caruana , who won the event by half a point. In July 2012, Short won the Edmonton International (2012) outright with 7/9 (+6 -1 =2).", "In 1993 Kasparov and the English grandmaster Nigel Short left FIDE and formed a rival organization, the Professional Chess Association (PCA). In response, FIDE stripped the title of world champion from Kasparov, who defeated Short that same year to become the PCA world champion. In 1995 he successfully defended his PCA title against Viswanathan Anand of India .", "In 1993, Nigel Short broke the domination of the two K's (Kasparov and Karpov) by defeating Karpov in the candidates semifinals followed by Jan Timman in the finals, thereby earning the right to challenge Kasparov for the title. However before the match took place, both Kasparov and Short complained of corruption and a lack of professionalism within FIDE in organizing the match, and split from FIDE to set up the Professional Chess Association (PCA), under whose auspices they held their match. Affronted by the PCA split, FIDE stripped Kasparov of his title and held a championship match between Karpov and Timman. Kasparov defeated Short while Karpov beat Timman, and for the first time in history there were two World Chess Champions.", "According to Short and Kasparov, the head of the chess world's governing body FIDE, Florencio Campomanes, decided on the venue of the match (Manchester) and the prize fund without consulting them, in breach of FIDE rules. The British WIM and author Cathy Forbes, in her book Nigel Short: Quest for the Crown (Cadogan 1993), wrote that at no time in the 1993 bidding process was a conforming World Championship match bid actually received by FIDE. In response, Short and Kasparov promptly formed a rival organisation, the Professional Chess Association. The resulting match—sponsored by The Times newspaper—was held under the auspices of the new body in London, from September to October 1993. Kasparov won convincingly (+6−1=13)- the largest margin of victory in a world title contest since Botvinnik defeated Tal in 1961.", "His most successful stab at the Championship title took place after qualifying to the Candidates tournament via the Manila Interzonal. In the semi-final (played in 1992), Short defeated former World Champion Anatoly Karpov in a match widely hailed as “the end of an era”. In the final, Short beat the Netherland’s Jan Timman, thereby earning the right to challenge Garry Kasparov for the World Chess Champion title.", "Alexander Gordon \"Alex\" Higgins (18 March 1949 – 24 July 2010) [6] was a Northern Irish professional snooker player, who is remembered as one of the most iconic figures in the game. Nicknamed Hurricane Higgins because of his fast play, [7] he was World Champion in 1972 and 1982 , and runner-up in 1976 and 1980 . He won the UK Championship in 1983 and the Masters in 1978 and 1981, making him one of ten players to have completed snooker's Triple Crown . He was also World Doubles champion with Jimmy White in 1984, and won the World Cup three times with the All-Ireland team.", "Bristow wore a shirt (which he received from the same pub) depicting a uniformed British policeman, a Union Flag and the title Crafty Cockney whenever he took part in a tournament. Eric was also educated in the grammar school tradition having passed his eleven plus exam during the late 1960s.<br /><br /> Bristow emerged as the most successful and consistent darts player of the 1980s, reigning as number one in the world rankings from 1980 until 1987. Read Less", "Steve Davis, (born 22 August 1957) is an English former professional snooker player from Plumstead, London. Known for dominating the sport during the 1980s, when he won the World Championship six times and was ranked world number one for seven consecutive seasons, he is remembered particularly for contesting the 1985 World Championship final with Dennis Taylor, the black-ball conclusion of which attracted a record 18.5 million British viewers. He is a well known public figure and is generally viewed by his peers as one of the greatest players of all time. Until his retirement in 2016, Davis combined his ongoing playing career with his role as a television analyst and commentator for the BBC's snooker coverage, alongside being a DJ of electronic music on local radio station Phoenix FM and at the Bloc Weekend music festival. ", "Nigel Short has been in the world's top 100 for most of his life. He entered the top 100 in January 1983, and after briefly exiting the list in July 1983, re-entered the top 100 in January 1984, remaining there until September 2014 and October 2014, before his second re-entry to the top 100 elite in November 2014. He was in the top ten for most of the period from July 1986 until January 1997. His peak ranking was 3rd behind Karpov and Kasparov from July 1988 to July 1989 inclusive. His highest rating numerically was 2712 in April 2004 (when he was ranked 15th in the world)*.", "Fred Perry, Wimbledon tennis champion in the 1930s, lived in Wallasey briefly during his early childhood. Victor Tindall, England rugby player, was educated at the Wallasey Grammar School during the Second World War. Eric Idle, of Monty Python fame, lived in Wallasey between the ages of three and nine (1946–1952). Other former residents include Matthew Smith, games programmer who developed several well-known titles for the Sinclair ZX Spectrum in the 1980s. The 1990s indie and shoegazing band, the Boo Radleys, was formed in Wallasey; several of their songs including the hit single \"From the Bench at Belvidere\" make reference to locations in and around the town. England International darts player Robbie \"Kong\" Green lives in the town.", "Youngest Candidate for the World Championship. Bobby Fischer was the youngest Candidate for the World Chess Championship at the age of 15. ", "The Amateur Championship at St Andrews was the first step along the path to immortality. As destiny would have it Jones would sweep all before him and conquer the oldest Amateur championship in the game, beating fellow American Eugene V Homans in the final by the score of 8&7. He would go on to win The Open at Royal Liverpool, the US Open at Interlachen and the US Amateur at Merion. The called it the “Impregnable Quadrilateral”. The closest thing to it since? Tiger Woods winning four in a row, concluding at Bobby Jones’ Augusta National in the 2001 Masters – but it was over two years, not in one calendar year.", "To add to Daniel's comment, Ronnie is the youngest ranking event winner still, beating then 3 time World Champion Hendry in the UK Championship final in 1993 at the age of 17. He is also the youngest player to win The Masters (19) and became the oldest when he won his record equalling 6th in January 2016 (40) showcasing his longevity.", "In 1979, Jahangir Khan became the youngest player ever to win the World Amateur title - at only fifteen years old. Two years later, he became the youngest player (at 17) to claim the World Open Championship, beating Australia's Geoff Hunt in the final.", "• This article was amended on 7 July 2011. The original stated that the picture showed Callaway, Torvill and Dean at the Olympics in 1984. This has been corrected.", "The tournament event was played to combined-dictionary rules (Chambers and OSPD), which may have proved problematical for the 'single-dictionary' countries. Or maybe not, given that two Americans contested the best-of-five final. The inaugural winner was Peter Morris, who hasn't returned to play in this tournament since 1993. His finals opponent, a young, fresh-faced Brian Cappelletto, came back to win the event exactly 10 years later.", "John Higgins won his fourth world title in 2011, beating Judd Trump 18–15 in the final. 21-year-old Trump became the youngest finalist since Stephen Hendry in 1990. Trump had beaten David Gilbert in the qualifying competition and then defeated defending champion Neil Robertson in the first round.", "In 2007 the PDC introduced the first Youth World Championship. This event was won by Arron Monk who beat Michael van Gerwen 6 - 4 in the final. It wasn't until 2015 when the BDO followed suit and introduced its own Youth World Championship. It was sixteen year old Colin Roelofs from the Netherlands who became the first victor beating seventeen year old Harry Ward from England 3 - 0. Harry unfortunately didn't win a single leg in the final however I am sure we will be seeing a lot more from all of these youth players.", "The winner of that championship was a young unknown named Keith Deller. He was a qualifier who, on the way to the final, beat Jocky Wilson and John Lowe, the second and third ranked players in the world. In the final he met the number one player, Eric Bristow, the 'Crafty Cockney' himself.", "Four-time world champion Robert Fulford is perhaps the player most qualified in all the world to introduce American rules players to International rules. The young Englishman has played and taught in America for several years, winning many major tournaments while demonstrating a consummate mastery of American rules tactics and strategy. This is the first of a series of articles written especially by Robert Fulford for American players." ]	[ 5.46484375, 4.73046875, 4.390625, 3.521484375, 3.51953125, 3.513671875, 3.169921875, 3.1484375, 2.7109375, 2.681640625, 2.15234375, 1.6826171875, 1.55078125, 1.44921875, 1.271484375, 1.13671875, -0.034393310546875, -1.4501953125, -2.93359375, -2.95703125, -3.31640625, -3.533203125, -3.697265625, -3.77734375, -4.328125, -4.5703125, -6.4375, -6.71484375, -7.20703125, -7.73828125, -8.1328125, -9.484375 ]
What did Woody Allen call his son as a tribute to Louis 'Satchmo' Armstrong?	[ "LOUIS ARMSTRONG (August 4, 1901 – July 6, 1971), nicknamed SATCHMO or POPS, was an American trumpeter, composer, singer and occasional actor who was one of the most influential figures in jazz . His career spanned five decades, from the 1920s to the 1960s, and different eras in jazz.", "Louis Daniel Armstrong (he preferred his given name pronounced as Lewie or Louie; also known by the nicknames Satchmo, for satchel-mouth, and Pops) was an American jazz musician. Armstrong was a charismatic, innovative performer whose musical skills and bright personality transformed jazz from a rough regional dance music into a popular art form. One of the most famous jazz musicians of the 20th century, he first achieved fame as a trumpeter, but toward the end of his career he was best known as a vocalist and was one of the most influential jazz singers.", "“Satchmo,” (slang for “satchel” or large, baggy mouth) is a nickname that was lovingly applied to Louis Armstrong, one of America’s finest jazz musicians who died in 1971. His sweet smile, pleasant personality, and the crumpled, white handkerchief along with the trumpet he held on high became his trademark image. And yet, this solo entertainer, who always presented himself as being polite and mild mannered, usually played in expensive nightclubs, mostly to upper-class white audiences. This gained him wider popularity and another nickname, “Uncle Tom” -- by his own, black people.", "Arguably one of the most important figures in American history, Louis Armstong, known as “Satchmo” or “Pops” was an incredibly influential jazz trumpet player and singer from New Orleans. He is recognized as one of the greatest musicians of all time having a major role in the creation of modern jazz. With his virtuosic abilities on the trumpet, he is largely accountable for the recognition of the trumpet as a solo instrument in jazz music. He is also one of the first scat singers and is responsible for its popularization. His singing influenced people like Frank Sinatra and Bing Crosby, while his trumpet playing inspired the likes of Miles Davis and Dizzy Gillespie. His influence on music as a whole is almost immeasurable, both in terms of his singing and trumpet playing which have earned him a variety of honors and awards.", "Louis Armstrong (August 4, 1901 – July 6, 1971), nicknamed Satchmo or Pops, was an American jazz trumpeter and singer from New Orleans, Louisiana.", "Sometimes nicknamed “Satchmo” or “Pops,” Louis Armstrong is one of the most influential and recognizable figures in jazz. However, sometimes his irrepressible personality was so strong that it overshadowed his contribution as a musician and a singer.", "Louis Armstrong, nicknamed \"Satchmo,\" \"Pops\" and, later, \"Ambassador Satch,\" was born on August 4, 1901, in New Orleans, Louisiana. An all-star virtuoso, he came to prominence in the 1920s, influencing countless musicians with both his daring trumpet style and unique vocals. Armstrong's charismatic stage presence impressed not only the jazz world but all of popular music. He recorded several songs throughout his career, including he is known for songs like \"Star Dust,\" \"La Via En Rose\" and \"What a Wonderful World.\" Armstrong died at his home in Queens, New York, on July 6, 1971.", "Louis Armstrong, an American jazz singer and trumpet player from New Orleans, Louisiana, famous for his deep voice and scat singing style (a vocalization using syllables and sounds instead of using the actual lyrics. He was married twice, the first marriage to Daisy Parker on March 19, 1918, and adopted Flora Armstrong 3 year old son, Clarence, after dying from delivery. She was the cousin of Louis Armstrong. Clarence is a mentally disabled child from a head injury in early childhood, and Louis took care of him for the rest of his life. Louis and Daisy Parker divorced and Louis married Lil Hardin, a jazz piano player, singer, composer, arranger and bandleader. Lil Hardin was a big influenced to Louis’ career. But due to some misunderstanding they separated. Louis Armstrong, also known as Pops or Satchmo and Satch, short for Satchelmouth or Dipper based on Dippermouth, these names was based on his unusual and strange skills of scat singing and use of facial muscles and lips to the mouthpiece of brass or woodwind instruments. On July 6, 1971, Louis Armstrong died of heart attack while asleep, at the age of 70 , a month before his actual 70th birthday.", "Armstrong’s nickname Satchmo was an abbreviation of “satchelmouth,” a joke on the size of his mouth… He was also nicknamed Gatemouth, Dippermouth, Dip, and simply Pops… Armstrong was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as an “early influence” in 1990… In 2001 the city of New Orleans renamed its airport as Louis Armstrong International Airport… Armstrong is credited with influencing trumpeters as diverse as Dizzy Gillespie , Miles Davis and Wynton Marsalis .", "Armstrong's self-effacing nickname, \"Satchmo,\" came about during a meeting with a British musical magazine editor, who had wanted to properly greet the gent from across the pond. Having heard that Armstrong was called by a variety of monikers referring to the size of his mouth, including \"Dippermouth,\" \"Gatemouth,\" and \"Satchelmouth,\" the tongued-tied editor blurted out \"Hello, Satchmo!\" As it turns out, Armstrong liked the moniker and quickly adopted it as his own.", "The most common tale that biographers tell is the story of Armstrong as a young boy dancing for pennies in the streets of New Orleans, who would scoop up the coins off of the streets and stick them into his mouth to avoid having the bigger children steal them from him. Someone dubbed him \"satchel mouth\" for his mouth acting as a satchel. Another tale is that because of his large mouth, he was nicknamed \"satchel mouth\" which became shortened to Satchmo.", "The most common tale that biographers tell is the story of Armstrong as a young boy dancing for pennies in the streets of New Orleans, who would scoop up the coins off of the streets and stick them into his mouth to avoid having the bigger children steal them from him. Someone dubbed him “satchel mouth” for his mouth acting as a satchel . Another tale is that because of his large mouth, he was nicknamed “satchel mouth” which became shortened to Satchmo. [47]", "^ He preferred that his name be pronounced Louie. \"It's like Louis Armstrong - he spelled his name Louis, but he liked it to be said as Louie,\" recalls Louie Bellson [1] . Armstrong was registered as \"Lewie\" for the 1920 U.S. Census . On various live records he's called \"Louie\" on stage, such as on the 1952 \"Can Anyone Explain?\" from the live album In Scandinavia vol.1. It should also be noted that \"Lewie\" is the French pronunciation of \"Louis\" and is commonly used in Louisiana. However, when referring to himself in \"Hello Dolly!,\" he pronounces his name as \"Lewis\" (\"Hello, Dolly. This is Lewis, Dolly\"), pronouncing the 's'.", "Allan Stewart Konigsberg, a.k.a. Woody Allen, was born in the Bronx on December 1, 1935. He is the son of Martin Konigsberg and Nettie Cherry.", "The nicknames SATCHMO and SATCH are short for SATCHELMOUTH. Like many things in Armstrong's life, which was filled with colorful stories both real and imagined, many of his own telling, the nickname has many possible origins.", "Judging from home recorded tapes now in our Museum Collections, Louis pronounced his own name as “Lewis.” On his 1964 record “Hello, Dolly,” he sings, “This is Lewis, Dolly” but in 1933 he made a record called “Laughin’ Louie.” Many broadcast announcers, fans, and acquaintances called him “Louie” and in a videotaped interview from 1983 Lucille Armstrong calls her late husband “Louie” as well. Musicians and close friends usually called him “Pops.” [38]", "According to Louis' own book \"Satchmo, My Life In New Orleans\" reprinted by Ace Books in 1957 (originally published 1955), \"Dipper...(that was my nicknameshort for Dippermouth, from the piece called Dippermouth Blues).\" It would appear that the name was given to him after the tune which he evidently liked when he was very young. -Bruce Barnett", "Satchmo: jazz musician: trumpet; Grammy Award-winning singer: Hello, Dolly! [1964], Lifetime Achievement Award [1971]; Itï¿½s a Wonderful World, Mack the Knife, Blueberry Hill; appeared in films: The Five Pennies, The Glenn Miller Story, Hello Dolly!, High Society; American ambassador of good will; inducted into Rock and Roll Hall of Fame [1990]; died July 6, 1971", "Louis Armstrong is also referred to in The Trumpet of the Swan along with Ella Fitzgerald and Billie Holiday. Three siblings in the film are named Louis, Billie, and Ella. The main character, Louis, plays a trumpet, an obvious nod to Armstrong.", "Today, there are many bands worldwide dedicated to preserving and honoring the music and style of Satchmo, including the Louis Armstrong Society located in New Orleans, Louisiana. In the 2009 movie The Princess and the Frog , he is referenced by Louis along with Sidney Bechet , in the song When we\\'re Human .", "Armstrong recorded three albums with Ella Fitzgerald: Ella and Louis, Ella and Louis Again, and Porgy and Bess for Verve Records, with the sessions featuring the backing musicianship of theOscar Peterson Trio and drummer Buddy Rich. His recordings Satch Plays Fats, all Fats Waller tunes, and Louis Armstrong Plays W.C. Handy in the 1950s were perhaps among the last of his great creative recordings, both being considered masterpieces. His participation in Dave Brubeck's high-concept jazz musical The Real Ambassadors was critically acclaimed. For the most part, however, his later output was criticized as being overly simplistic or repetitive.", "A master showman known to millions as Satchmo, Mr. Armstrong lived by a simple credo. Putting it into words a couple of years ago, he said:", "ARMSTRONG, born in New Orleans in 1901, was the most extreme force American music had ever known. Having absorbed every valuable tradition in the 19th-century vernacular, sacred or secular, he offered a new vision that liberated American music vocally and instrumentally. Armstrong transformed everyone who heard him; musicians who came under his spell felt freer, more optimistic and ambitious, willing to take risks. He anchored, as Bessie Smith could not, the blues as the foundation for a new American music; and he revealed, as Ethel Waters could not, that swing, a seductive canter as natural and personal as a heartbeat, would be its irreducible rhythmic framework.", "Allen is a passionate fan of jazz, which is often featured prominently in the soundtracks to his films. He began playing as a child and took his stage name from clarinetist Woody Herman . [108] He has performed publicly at least since the late 1960s, notably with the Preservation Hall Jazz Band on the soundtrack of Sleeper. [109] One of his earliest televised performances was on The Dick Cavett Show on October 20, 1971. [110]", "Armstrong's four marriages never produced any children, and because he and wife Lucille Wilson had actively tried for years to no avail, many believed him to be sterile, incapable of having children. However, controversy regarding Armstrong's fatherhood struck in 1954, when a girlfriend that the musician had dated on the side, Lucille \"Sweets\" Preston, claimed she was pregnant with his child. Preston gave birth to a daughter, Sharon Preston, in 1955. Shortly thereafter, Armstrong bragged about the child to his manager, Joe Glaser, in a letter that would later be published in the book Louis Armstrong In His Own Words (1999). Thereafter until his death in 1971, however, Armstrong never publicly addressed whether he was in fact Sharon's father. In recent years, Armstrong's alleged daughter, who now goes by the name Sharon Preston Folta, has publicized various letters between her and her father. The letters, dated as far back as 1968, prove that Armstrong had indeed always believed Sharon to be his daughter, and that he even paid for her education and home, among several other things, throughout his life. Perhaps most importantly, the letters also detail Armstrong's fatherly love for Sharon. While only a DNA test could officially prove whether a blood relationship does exist between Armstrong and Sharon—and one has never been conducted between the two—believers and skeptics can at least agree on one thing: Sharon's uncanny resemblance to the jazz legend.", "Armstrong enjoyed many types of music, from the most earthy blues to the syrupy sweet arrangements of Guy Lombardo, to Latin American folksongs, to classical symphonies and opera. Armstrong incorporated influences from all these sources into his performances, sometimes to the bewilderment of fans who wanted Armstrong to stay in convenient narrow categories. Armstrong was inducted into Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as an early influence. Some of his solos from the 1950s, such as the hard rocking version of \"St. Louis Blues\" from the WC Handy album, show that the influence went in both directions.", "The couple's first daughter also takes her name from a jazz star - clarinet player Sidney Bechet, Allen's favourite musician.", "Coming to prominence in the 1920s as an “inventive” cornet and trumpet player, Armstrong was a foundational influence on jazz , shifting the music’s focus from collective improvisation to solo performers. With his distinctive gravelly voice, Armstrong was also an influential singer, demonstrating great dexterity as an improviser, bending the lyrics and melody of a song for expressive purposes. He was also greatly skilled at scat singing , or vocalizing using syllables instead of actual lyrics.", "Woody Allen and his New Orleans Jazz Band play every Monday evening at Manhattan's Carlyle Hotel, specializing in classic New Orleans jazz from the early twentieth century. [58] The documentary film Wild Man Blues (directed by Barbara Kopple) documents a 1996 European tour by Allen and his band, as well as his relationship with Previn. The band has released two CDs: The Bunk Project (1993) and the soundtrack of Wild Man Blues (1997).", "Woody Allen with Jerry Zigmont and Simon Wettenhall performing at Vienne Jazz Festival, Vienne , France, September 20, 2003", " Woody Allen with Jerry Zigmont and Simon Wettenhall performing at Vienne Jazz Festival, Vienne , France, September 20, 2003", "In 1929, Reinhardt's estranged wife Florine gave birth to a son named Henri \"Lousson\" Reinhardt, who grew up with the surname of his mother's new husband, Baumgartner, and later recorded with Django. " ]	[ 1.2314453125, 1.126953125, 1.09765625, 0.650390625, 0.61865234375, 0.0458984375, -0.01629638671875, -0.43896484375, -0.7880859375, -1.044921875, -1.455078125, -1.552734375, -1.56640625, -1.6474609375, -1.68359375, -1.701171875, -2.681640625, -2.943359375, -3.083984375, -3.171875, -4.2578125, -4.40234375, -4.61328125, -4.8359375, -5.2109375, -5.58984375, -5.84375, -6.5859375, -7.03125, -7.19140625, -7.19140625, -9.6015625 ]
Which princess took out an injunction against a photographer after he tried to take photographs of her?	[ "Following her divorce from the Prince of Wales, the Princess appealed to the media several times to leave both them and their children alone so that they might get on with their lives. In July 1996, Princess Diana complained to the Press Complaints Commission about 'intrusive' pictures of her on holiday in France which were published in the Daily Mirror. Princess Diana also obtained an injunction against a press photographer, who has allegedly been harassing her for a long time in August 1996. The injunction prevented him from coming within 300 metres of her. The man, named in the writ as Martin Stenning, was the photographer involved in an incident earlier in 1996 in which the Princess jumped out of her car and took his motor cycle ignition key to prevent him from following her.", "Princess Diana sued the Sunday Mirror and Daily Mirror in 1993 over secretly-taken pictures of her exercising in a gym and won an injunction against the publishing preventing further publication. The Queen dropped legal action against the Daily Mirror after a reporter breached royal security to work as a palace footman in 2003,.", "Princess Caroline of Monaco has gained a partly success against paparazzi-photos. A German court has decided that publishing private photos of Caroline's children will not be allowed anymore to protect the children from photographers.", "Attorneys for Prince William and Kate filed a criminal complaint on Monday against the photographer who took the shots, according to the UK Independent .", "The royal family only rarely and reluctantly resorts to legal action over media coverage, despite being constantly in the spotlight. The Duchess of Cambridge has taken action over invasion of privacy once before, receiving an apology, damages and legal costs from picture agency Rex in March 2010 after it distributed photos of her taken during a private holiday in Cornwall.", "Ray Bellisario is the first British paparazzo, dubbed \"the peeping Tom\" by the press. He sells photos of Princess Margaret in a swimsuit to the Sunday Express which publishes them. The Palace instructs editors not to buy Bellisario's pictures. The editors oblige.", "; Photography ; Royal ; Royal Family ; Royalty ; Princess ; Princess Elizabeth ; Queen Elizabeth II ; Queen ; Princess Margaret ; Princess Margaret, Countess of Snowdon ; Countess ; Snowdon ; King George VI ; Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother ; Queen...", "; Early Photography ; Photograph ; Photography ; Royal ; Royal Family ; Royalty ; Princess ; Princess Elizabeth ; Queen Elizabeth II ; Queen ; Princess Margaret ; Princess Margaret, Countess of Snowdon ; Countess ; Snowdon ; King George VI ; Queen...", "Diana, Princess of Wales (Diana Frances; née Spencer; 1 July 1961 – 31 August 1997), was the first wife of Charles, Prince of Wales, who is the eldest child and heir apparent of Queen Elizabeth II.", "Prince William and Kate Middleton have begun \"legal proceedings for breach of privacy\" against the magazine's publishers, St. James Palace said in a statement Friday, after calling the publication of the photos \"a grotesque and totally unjustifiable\" invasion of the young couple's privacy.", "By January, lawyers for the Princess-to-be announced they were considering legal action over the photographers tracking her every move, and in response Britain's newspapers banned the use of paparazzi pictures.", "In February 1982 a private holiday in the Bahamas was upset by photographs of the Princess published in two British papers. Large sums of money changed hands for their syndication round the world. The photographs of the pregnant princess wearing a bikini had naturally been taken without either her knowledge or consent.", "Versatile British camera artist, noted for his fashion photography and portraits of artists, celebrities and royalty. Married Princess Margaret in 1960; divorced 1968.", "; Early Photography ; Photograph ; Photography ; Photographic ; Photographic Portrait ; Portrait ; Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II ; Queen Elizabeth II ; Her Majesty ; Queen ; Elizabeth II ; Queen of the United Kingdom ; Queen of Canada ; Queen of...", "inquiry into his private life sought by his a Boston lawyer who is suing him for $100 thousand. Prince Rainier III of Monaco has chosen his princess. She is Grace Kelly of suburban East Falls (PA) and Hollywood. The announcement was made first at a private luncheon given by the parents of the bride-to-be at the Philadelphia Country Club…", "Prince William and Kate, who are currently on their Asia Pacific tour , have launched legal action against Closer for invasion of privacy. They will seek legal redress in a French court.", "The very public appearance together of the Prince of Wales and Camilla Parker Bowles has effectively ruined the chance of a huge payday for any enterprising freelance photographer.", "Queen Elizabeth II is furious prince sold wedding photos to magazine, the US Post Offices will use the money to print Wanted Dead or Alive Posters. The Newly weds asked to be Royally slaughtered for doing this photo opportunity, film crews and the producers also asked for it, to be slaughtered too.", "During a ski vacation in Argentina, several photographs were taken of the prince and his family during the private part of their holiday, including one by Associated Press staff photographer Natacha Pisarenko, in spite of the media code, and after a photo opportunity had been provided earlier. The Associated Press decided to publish some of the photos, which were subsequently republished by several Dutch media. Willem-Alexander and the RVD jointly filed suit against the Associated Press on 5 August 2009, and the trial started on 14 August at the district court in Amsterdam. On 28 August, the district court ruled in favour of the prince and RVD, citing that the royal couple has a right to privacy; that the pictures in question add nothing to any public debate; and that they are not of any particular value to society since they are not photographs of the royals \"at work\". Associated Press was sentenced to stop further publication of the photographs, on pain of a €1,000 fine per violation with a €50,000 maximum. ", "This portrait of Queen Elizabeth II was released, April 20, 2014 to mark her majesty's 88th birthday, April 21. The photograph was taken at Buckingham Palace in March and was commissioned on behalf of the British Government's GREAT Britain campaign.", "Queen Sofia of Spain and King Constantine and Queen Anne-Marie of Greece also made an appearance in the snap", "In spring 1955, while at the Cannes Film Festiva l , Grace Kelly was asked to appear in a photo session at the Palace of Monaco with Prince Rainier III. She obliged and met the prince. They chatted lightly while photos were taken. The photos sold magazines worldwide.", "UPDATE: As TMZ reports, the royal family has decided to sue Closer over the photos. According to a statement released today by St. James's Palace, \"legal proceedings for breach of privacy have been commenced today in France\" by the royal couple. Closer's editor, however, stands by the decision to publish the pics, saying, \"These are pictures that are full of joy. The pictures are not degrading.\"", "The BBC's royal reporter Nicholas Witchell said it appeared British newspapers were offered the alleged photographs of the couple last week, but turned them down.", "Last month, nude photographs of Prince William's younger brother, Prince Harry, partying in a Las Vegas hotel surfaced online and made headlines around the world. In that case, the palace contacted the Press Complaints Commission, which advised British newspapers to not", "The princess resumed her social life and, in 1958, was introduced to a Cambridge graduate who was making a name for himself as a photographer.", "Yet despite having the support and growing affection of the Queen and the Duke of Edinburgh, the Countess was to suffer some unpleasant public humiliation. In 2001, an undercover reporter posing as an Arab sheikh recorded her making disparaging remarks about the British government and appearing to use her royal status as a tool to gain clients for her PR company. Her image was badly damaged and she was forced to “shut up shop” and concentrate on royal duties.", "The legal ownership and copyright status of Guerrillero Heroico is widely debated. Despite conflicting claims about whether or not the image is still under copyright, Korda’s heirs have sought ownership of the image. Korda’s daughter, Diana Diaz, pursued a successful lawsuit in 2003 in France against a Paris-based press rights group, Reporters Without Borders, for using the Che photograph in a poster campaign decrying Cuba as “the world’s largest jail”, aimed at dissuading French tourists from vacationing in Cuba after the jailing of 29 journalists.", "It is understood the Royal couple's aim in launching legal proceedings is to prevent further use of the images and to seek damages", "The photographer will have the honour of being commissioned to take the official pictures of Prince George.", "Born Dinah Nadyejda Ginsburg in Hampstead in 1920 to a Russian father and German mother who were photographers to the Royal Family", "The Malaysian prince Tengku Temenggong Tengku Mohammad Fakhry is suing his wife Manohara Odelia Pinot for claiming her husband tortured her during their one-year marriage. He filed a defamation suit in the High Court of Malaysia, and seeks $30m in damages from her and her mother. Earlier he also petitioned for a divorce." ]	[ 4.66796875, 3.134765625, 2.259765625, 1.0498046875, 0.58984375, -1.19140625, -1.3203125, -1.41015625, -1.9228515625, -2.17578125, -2.361328125, -2.85546875, -3.08984375, -3.123046875, -3.576171875, -3.58984375, -3.626953125, -3.75390625, -3.89453125, -4.44140625, -4.57421875, -4.71875, -5.08203125, -5.82421875, -5.9375, -5.953125, -6.20703125, -7.29296875, -7.328125, -7.6171875, -7.9140625, -9.28125 ]
In which decade did Berry Gordy set up Tamla Motown?	[ "Founder and owner of the Tamla-Motown family record labels, Berry Gordy, Jr., established Motown Records as one of the most important independent labels in the early '60s. Assembling an industrious staff of songwriters, producers, and musicians, Motown Records built one of the most impressive rosters of artist in the history of pop music and became the largest and most successful independent record company in the United State by 1964.", "Motown is an American record company. The record company was founded by Berry Gordy, Jr. as Tamla Records on January 12, 1958, [1] [2] and was incorporated as Motown Record Corporation on April 14, 1960, in Detroit , Michigan . [3] The name, a portmanteau of motor and town, has also become a nickname for Detroit. Motown played an important role in the racial integration of popular music as an African American -owned record label that achieved significant crossover success. In the 1960s, Motown and its subsidiary labels (including Tamla Motown, the brand used outside the US) were the most successful proponents of what came to be known as the Motown Sound, a style of soul music with a distinct pop influence. During the 1960s, Motown achieved spectacular success for a small record company: 79 records in the Top Ten of the Billboard Hot 100 record chart between 1960 and 1969. [4]", "Motown is both a style of music and an American record company. The record company was founded by Berry Gordy, Jr. as Tamla Records on January 12, 1959, and incorporated as Motown Record Corporation on April 14, 1960, in Detroit, Michigan. The name, a portmanteau of motor and town, has also become a nickname for Detroit. Motown played an important role in the racial integration of popular music as an African American-owned record label that achieved significant crossover success. In the 1960s, Motown and its subsidiary labels (including Tamla Motown, the brand used outside the US) were the most successful proponents of what came to be known as the Motown Sound, a style of soul music with a distinct pop influence. During the 1960s, Motown achieved spectacular success for a small record company: 79 records in the Top Ten of the Billboard Hot 100 record chart between 1960 and 1969. ", "Motown is a record company originally founded by Berry Gordy, Jr. and incorporated as Motown Record Corporation in Detroit, Michigan, United States, on April 14, 1960. The name, a portmanteau of motor and town, is also a nickname for Detroit. Now headquartered in New York City, Motown is a subsidiary of The Island Def Jam Music Group, itself a subsidiary of the French-owned Vivendi subsidiary, Universal Music Group. Motown Records was also the name of Gordy's second record label; the first, Tamla Records, began on January 12, 1959. Motown played an important role in the racial integration of popular music, by achieving a crossover success. In the 1960s, Motown and its soul-based subsidiaries were the most successful proponents of what came to be known as \"The Motown Sound\", a style of soul music with a distinct pop influence.", "Motown is a record company founded by Berry Gordy, Jr. in 1959 in Detroit, Michigan, United States. The name, a portmanteau of motor and town, is also a nickname for Detroit. Motown played an important role in the racial integration of popular music by achieving a crossover success. In the 1960s, Motown and its soul-based subsidiaries were the most successful proponents of what came to be known as \"The Motown Sound\", a style of soul music with a distinct pop influence.", "The first (and, for my money, the best) of the various Motown labels founded by Berry Gordy Jr., Tamla Records was formed in 1959, and was initially going to be called “Tammy Records” after the then-recent hit song by Debbie Reynolds , from the movie Tammy and the Bachelor . Supposedly this was chosen because Gordy wanted his records to have immediate crossover appeal, and naming his label after a mainstream pop hit by a squeaky-clean white singer seemed a good signal of intent.", "The legendary Motown label was founded on April 14, 1960 by Berry Gordy, Jr. , who merged his two successful imprints, Tamla (whose first release was Marv Johnson's \"Come to Me\" on January 21, 1959) and Motown (first release was the Miracles' \"Bad Girl\" on September 6, 1959). It was one of the most successful independent record companies in history. Its stable of hit-making artists such as The Miracles , The Supremes , The Temptations and many, many others, along with a talented staff of musicians and songwriters, collectively created the \"Motown Sound,\" a world famous hybrid of soul, doo-wop, rhythm & blues and pop. Its motto was \"The Sound of Young America.\"", "Berry Gordy, Jr. founded Motown Records which rose to prominence during the 1960s and early 1970s with acts such as Stevie Wonder, The Temptations, The Four Tops, Smokey Robinson & The Miracles, Diana Ross & The Supremes, the Jackson 5, Martha and the Vandellas, The Spinners, Gladys Knight & the Pips, The Marvelettes, The Elgins, The Monitors, The Velvelettes and Marvin Gaye. Artists were backed by in-house vocalists The Andantes and The Funk Brothers, the Motown house band that was featured in Paul Justman's 2002 documentary film Standing in the Shadows of Motown, based on Allan Slutsky's book of the same name.", "Berry Gordy, Jr. (born November 28, 1929) is an American record producer and songwriter. He is best known as the founder of the Motown record label and its subsidiaries.", "Motown is a record company originally founded by Berry Gordy, Jr. and incorporated as Motown Record Corporation in Detroit, Michigan, United States, on April 14, 1960. The name, a portmanteau of motor and town, is also a nickname for Detroit. Now ...", "Berry Gordy Jr. (born November 28, 1929) is an American record producer and songwriter. He is best known as the founder of the Motown record label and its subsidiaries.", "Incorporated on January 12 1959 by Berry Gordy, Jr. as Tamla Records, Motown has, over the course of its history, owned or distributed releases from more than 45 subsidiaries in varying genres, although it is most famous for its releases in the musical genres of R&B, pop, and soul music. Motown left Detroit for Los Angeles in 1972, and remained an independent company until 1988, when Gordy sold the company to MCA. Now headquartered in New York City, Motown Records is today a subsidiary of the Universal Motown Records Group, itself a subsidiary of Universal Music Group.", "Gordy continued to write hits, including “Money (That’s What I Want),” recorded by Barrett Strong. But finding that his little label could not efficiently distribute the records around the country, he signed a national production and distribution deal with United Artists. In 1960, Gordy converted the Tamla and Hitsville USA record labels into a new company, “Motown,” from Detroit’s “Motor Town” nickname. On the advice of Smokey Robinson, Motown began to distribute its own records that year, bolstered by the success of Robinson and the Miracles’ “Shop Around.” By that time Detroit-based black talent started to beat on Gordy’s door with regularity, and the artists produced by Motown started to gain acceptance in wider markets. Mary Wells, for example, achieved “crossover” into white markets with the classic “My Guy” (1964).", "Gordy reinvested the profits from his songwriting success into producing. In 1957, he discovered the Miracles (originally known as the Matadors) and began building a portfolio of successful artists. In 1959, with the encouragement of Miracles leader Smokey Robinson, Gordy borrowed $800 from his family to create an R&B record company. Originally, Gordy wanted to name the new label Tammy Records, after the song recorded by Debbie Reynolds. However, that name was taken, and he chose the name Tamla Records. The company began operating on January 21, 1959. \"Come to Me\" by Marv Johnson was issued as Tamla 101. United Artists Records picked up \"Come to Me\" for national distribution, as well as Johnson's more successful follow-up records such as \"You Got What It Takes\", co-produced and co-written by Gordy. His next release was the only 45 ever issued on his Rayber label, featuring Wade Jones with an unnamed female backup group. The record did not sell well and is now one of the rarest issues from the Motown stable. Berry's third release was \"Bad Girl\" by the Miracles, the first release on the Motown record label. \"Bad Girl\" was a solid hit in 1959 after Chess Records picked it up. Barrett Strong's \"Money (That's What I Want)\" initially appeared on Tamla and then charted on Gordy's sister's label, Anna Records, in February 1960.", "Diana Ross & The Supremes, The Jackson Five, The Temptations, Stevie Wonder: these are only a handful of the names that became world famous with Motown. In 1959, Berry Gordy founded his record label Motown in 2 simple houses on West Grand Boulevard in Detroit. Above the door he hung a sign saying ‘Hitsville USA’. Arrogant? Perhaps, but he certainly proved himself right.", "Motown, of course, stands for more than just the historic music. The label and its remarkable legacy is a reflection of the hard work of dedicated individuals overcoming incredible obstacles to achieve great success. Over a half-century ago, on January 12, 1959, to be exact, a young African-American songwriter named Berry Gordy founded his company with a loan of $800 from his family, marking the birth of the “Motown Records Corporation.” Because Detroit had long been known as the “Motor City,” Gordy, in tribute to what he felt was the down-home quality of the warm, soulful people he grew up around, used “town” in place of “city,” which gave him the contraction “Motor Town” and the perfect name for his company and new label—Motown.", "Berry Gordy Jr. had a dream, and in 1959 with a loan of $800 he started Motown records in Detroit. The name Tam", "Berry Gordy age 86 Berry Gordy, Jr. is an American record producer, and songwriter. He is best known as the founder of the Motown record label, as well as its many subsidiaries.", "* Motown Records: Established 1959, Motown was and remains the company's main label for mainstream R&B/soul music (and, today, hip-hop music as well). The label's numbering system was combined with those of Tamla and Gordy in 1982, and the label (and company) was purchased by MCA in 1988. Notable Motown artists have included Mary Wells, the Supremes, Four Tops, the Jackson 5, Boyz II Men, Commodores, Lionel Richie, Dazz Band, Brian McKnight, 98 Degrees, and Erykah Badu. Motown Records slogan: \"The Sound of Young America\".", "Her brother, Berry Gordy, founded Motown Records in Detroit in 1959. He named one label subsidiary after his sister.", "Berry Gordy, Jr. got his start as a songwriter for local Detroit acts such as Jackie Wilson and the Matadors. Wilson's single \"Lonely Teardrops,\" cowritten by Gordy, became a huge success; however, Gordy did not feel he made as much money as he deserved. He realized that the \"real money\" of the business was made producing records and owning the royalties. Therefore, in 1959, he started his own record label, Tamla Records with an $800 loan from his family; his first signed act was The Matadors, who changed their name to The Miracles. Miracles lead singer Smokey Robinson became the vice president of the company, and many of Gordy's family members, including his sister Gwen and his father Berry Sr., had instrumental roles in the company.", "Motown was founded in Detroit by Berry Gordy, Jr., a successful rhythm-and-blues songwriter. The company enjoyed local success and scored its first nationwide hits with singles by two of its earliest musical groups, the Miracles’ \"Shop Around\" (1960) and the Marvelette’s \"Please Mr. Postman\" (1961).", "Berry Gordy, Jr., was born on this date in 1929. He is an African American record producer, and the founder of the Motown record label and its subsidiaries.", "Berry Gordy, Jr. was born to the middle-class family of Berry Gordy II (also known as Berry Gordy, Sr.), who had relocated to Detroit from Oconee County, Georgia, in 1922. The first Berry Gordy was the son of a white plantation owner in Georgia and his female slave. Berry Gordy, Sr. was lured to Detroit by the job opportunities for black people offered by the booming automotive businesses. He developed his interest in music by writing songs and opening the 3-D Record Mart, a record store featuring jazz music.[citation needed] The store was unsuccessful, and Gordy sought work at the Lincoln-Mercury plant, but his family connections put him in touch with Al Green (no relation to the singer Al Green), owner of the Flame Show Bar Talent Club, where he met the singer Jackie Wilson.[citation needed]", "Berry Gordy starts Tamla-Motown Records. It will eventually become the most successful black-owned and operated company in American history, not just in music, with 600 million records sold.", "Gordy sold his interests in Motown Records to MCA and Boston Ventures in June 1988 for $61 million. He was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame two y\" in 1994.", "Around this time, Berry Gordy launched his second label which he dubbed “Motown,” and moved into the legendary’s two-story building at 2648 West Grand Boulevard., which would later become known as “Hitsville.”", "Gordy's gift for identifying and bringing together musical talent, along with the careful management of his artists' public image, made Motown initially a major national and then international success. Over the next decade, he signed such artists as the Supremes, Marvin Gaye, the Temptations, Jimmy Ruffin, the Contours, the Four Tops, Gladys Knight & the Pips, the Commodores, the Velvelettes, Martha and the Vandellas, Stevie Wonder and the Jackson 5. Though he also signed various white acts on the label, he largely promoted African-American artists but carefully controlled their public image, dress, manners and choreography for across-the-board appeal.", "Motown has owned or distributed releases from more than 45 subsidiaries in varying genres, although it is most famous for its releases in the music genres of rhythm and blues , soul, hip hop and pop. Motown Records left Detroit for Los Angeles in 1972, and remained an independent company until June 28 , 1988 , when Gordy sold the company to MCA . Now headquartered in New York City , Motown Records is a subsidiary of The Universal Motown/Universal Republic Group , itself a subsidiary of Universal Music Group .", "In 1988 Gordy sold Motown to MCA Records. He had literally changed the American music industry, introducing large numbers of suburban whites to “black” music and advancing the careers of many who now are honored in the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, as is Gordy himself. Gordy became a victim of his own success, and like Henry Ford, the revolutionary finally turned into the old guard. But weep not for Berry Gordy Jr. In the process of creating Motown records, he became wealthy, started an empire, and gave America some of its best music moments.", "Asked to identify prominent people in the music industry, most Americans will name musicians. A few may mention Phil Spector, Herb Alpert, Burt Bachrach, or Quincy Jones–producers, writers, and arrangers, not (essentially) performers. A true “music geek” may even name behind-the-scenes music gurus such as Clive Davis (founder of Arista Records) or Ahmet Ertegun (founder of Atlantic Records). Yet few musicians, songwriters, or performers have had as much impact on the American music industry as Berry Gordy Jr., founder of the original “black label,” Motown Records. 1 His is an illustrative chapter in story of American entrepreneurship.", "Above the front windows of Motown Records' Detroit headquarters was a sign that read \"Hitsville U.S.A.\" Placed there by Motown founder Berry Gordy soon after his company moved into the modest home at 2648 W. Grand Blvd, the sign demonstrated Gordy's blazing and at the time, unearned arrogance. Then the slogan came true." ]	[ 4.58203125, 4.1640625, 4.1328125, 3.0078125, 2.93359375, 2.474609375, 2.083984375, 2.05859375, 1.416015625, 1.2607421875, 1.21484375, 1.197265625, 0.96484375, 0.58203125, 0.493408203125, 0.42724609375, -0.06719970703125, -0.1832275390625, -0.241943359375, -0.298828125, -0.3115234375, -0.8154296875, -1.1572265625, -1.345703125, -2.775390625, -3.490234375, -3.5859375, -3.72265625, -3.787109375, -3.978515625, -4.7734375, -6.59765625 ]
In 1984 how was the baby who received the heart of a baboon known?	[ "Stephanie Fae Beauclair (October 14, 1984 – November 15, 1984), better known as Baby Fae, was an American infant born in 1984 with hypoplastic left heart syndrome. She became the first infant subject of a xenotransplant procedure and first successful infant heart transplant, receiving the heart of a baboon. Though she died within a month of the procedure, she had lived weeks longer than any previous recipient of a non-human heart.", "Duane R. Miller—AP Baby Fae, the infant recipient of the transplanted heart of a baboon, is shown at Loma Linda University Medical Center in Loma Linda, Calif., Oct. 30, 1984.", "1984: Known to the outside world simply as Baby Fae, this Californian infant was given a baboons heart to replace a defective one, but she died on 15 November 1984.", "The transplant was scheduled. The procedure was a success . For three weeks Baby Fae lived with the heart of a baboon beating in her chest.", "LOMA LINDA, Calif., Nov. 15— Baby Fae, the infant who received the heart of a baboon 20 days ago to replace her own defective heart, died today at 9 P.M,, officials of the Loma Linda University Medical Center said.", "An American baby became the first infant to receive a cross-species heart transplant when her incomplete organ was replaced by a baboon's heart.", "The procedure brought forth worldwide commentary and not just from the medical community. While the scenario of a baboon heart in a baby may not have found its way into the pages of George Orwell's work, another artist immortalized the moment in time in the lyric of a song. Paul Simon in his song \"The Boy in the Bubble\" from the 1986 Graceland album sings the words, \"Medicine is magical and magical is art / Thinking of the Boy in the Bubble / And the baby with the baboon heart.\" ", "Dr Bailey told The American Medical News: “In disorders like Baby Fae's, a baboon heart not only may be justifiable, it actually may be preferable to a human heart.” He added: “We're optimistic that within three months, she'll be able to go home.”", "*Oakland resident Jeff Getty becomes the first person to receive a bone marrow transplant from a Baboon as an experimental procedure to treat his HIV infection. The graft did not take, but Getty experienced some reduction in symptoms, before dying of heart failure after cancer treatment, in 2006. ", "The procedure was subject to a wide ethical and legal debate, but the attention that it generated is thought to have paved the way for Bailey to perform the first successful infant allograft heart transplant a year later. The Baby Fae case, and Bailey's role in it, has been a popular case study in the realm of medical ethics. Bailey did not look for a human heart for Fae. There were questions as to whether parents should be allowed to volunteer children for experimental medical procedures, and whether the parents themselves were properly informed by Bailey. However, because Fae's mother had no medical insurance, she could not afford to pay for the heart transplant procedure. The xenograft, on the other hand, was offered for free.", "1984 – A 6-year-old (Stormie Jones) became the first person to receive a heart and liver transplants in the same operation. She lived until 1990.", "Twenty years later Dr. Leonard L. Bailey of Loma Linda University Medical Center and his team decided to try to save Baby Fae's life by following in the footsteps of Dr. Jim Hardy and transplanting the heart of a non-human primate into the chest of an infant girl.", "Bailey’s research included, per TIME, “more than 150 transplants in sheep, goats, and baboons, many of them between species.” The first simian-human transplant had been performed in 1964 but the patient died a few hours after his surgery and only a few more were attempted after that; nonetheless, Bailey received permission to perform such a transplant on Baby Fae.", "A Baby, a Baboon Heart, and the Transplant Heard Round the World: The Story of the First Neonatal Cardiac Xenotransplant in History \| The Huffington Post", "There have been dozens of success stories over the years. There is Gerges Sami, from Aswan, who came to the UK for treatment in 1998 after a mission in Egypt ran out of time to treat him. Although he still lives in poor conditions he is now in excellent health. And there is Nesma Mahmood, who was treated in Cairo two years ago and was given surgery for a hole in the heart. The most famous patient was Arnaud Wambo, a seven-year-old boy from Cameroon. In 1996 Yacoub performed a four-hour heart operation on him at Harefield Hospital, Middlesex, watched by the late Diana, Princess of Wales, who was fully kitted out in a surgical gown.", "After parental permission was obtained, Denise Darvall’s heart went to the first heart transplant recipient, Louis Washkansky , and her kidneys went to 10 year old Jonathan van Wyk. In apartheid South Africa that gave rise to some controversy, as the boy was Coloured and Denise was White.", "This African ape was hailed as the missing link when discovered by Raymond Dart in 1924, and because of that, many evolutionists have called Africa the cradle of the human race. Since then other specimens have turned up; the most famous, a 40% complete skeleton named \"Lucy,\" was found in Ethiopia by Donald Johanson in 1973. They come in various sizes and physical builds, though, so they are classified under several names; for example, the one called Paranthropus before 1970 is now known as Australopithecus robustus, and Dart's original Australopithecus had its scientific name extended to Australopithecus africanus, to distinguish it from the others. Dr. Louis Leakey found the largest of these apes in Tanzania's Olduvai Gorge in 1959, and he proclaimed it to be the missing link, calling it Zinjanthropus, but a few years later conceded that it was a nonhuman vegetarian and renamed it Australopithecus boisei. The latest error reported was the discovery in 2015 that one of Lucy's vertebrae really belonged to a baboon.", "The young boy, whose original name is John Jr., known as JJ, but then is later called Tarzan, is found and adopted by the silverback gorilla Kala and raised as an ape.", "Animal to human transplants had been attempted as early as the beginning of the 20th century. In the mid-1960s, Dr. Jim Hardy at the University of Mississippi, in Jackson, had transplanted a chimpanzee heart into a patient with terrible heart disease whom he couldn't wean off the heart/lung machine. The chimpanzee heart sustained the man's life for under an hour but he did not survive the operating room. When they performed an autopsy it turned out that the aged chimp who had served as the donor had been suffering from severe coronary artery disease and the transplant had been a poor trade. However, the results of the autopsy begged the question, what if the chimpanzee heart had been a healthy one... could it have worked?", "Dr. Bailey said that, unlike adult humans, most babies do not yet have preformed antibodies against baboons. It is this relative immaturity of the immune system, he said, that may help infants better accept organs from another species. Dr. Nehlsen-Cannarella said, however, that such antibodies will be the most difficult to control in future transplants.", "Keith Reemtsma (1925-2000) was the first to show that non-human organs could be transplanted to humans and function for a significant period of time. In 1963 and 1964, at Tulane University in New Orleans, Reemtsma, gave chimpanzee kidneys to 5 patients in the first chimpanzee-to-human transplants. The recipients died (of infection) from 8 to 63 days after receiving a chimpanzee kidney. Then, in 1964, Reemtsma transplanted a kidney from a chimpanzee to a 23-year-old teacher. She lived with it for 9 months until succumbing to overwhelming infection.", "A baboon is an example of an Old World monkey, while a marmoset is an example of a New World monkey.", "A Primate's Memoir by Robert Sapolsky: \"I joined the baboon troop during my twenty-first year. I had never planned to become a savanna baboon when I grew up; instead I had always assumed I would become a mountain gorilla.\"", "“We continue to praise God for His grace and mercy, and to be thankful to the Cincinnati Zoo for their actions taken to protect our child,” the boy’s family said Wednesday. “We are also very appreciative for the expressions of concern and support that have been sent to us. Some have offered money to the family, which we do not want and will not accept. If anyone wishes to make a gift, we recommend a donation to the Cincinnati Zoo in Harambe’s name.”", "In 1994, Kate underwent open-heart surgery after discovering that she had been born with ASD, an Atrial Septal Defect or hole in her heart that had not been detected earlier. In September of 1995, with the assistance of Rosie O'Donnell, Kate adopted a son, Charles Taylor Jackson. The adoption took place just two hours after the baby's birth.", "[open letter about the adoption of her son David, October 2006] My husband and I began the adoption process many months prior to our trip to Malawi. I did not wish to disclose my intentions to the world prior to the adoption happening as this is a private family matter. After learning that there were over one million orphans in Malawi, it was my wish to open up our home and help one child escape an extreme life of hardship, poverty and in many cases death, as well as expand out family. Nevertheless, we have gone about the adoption procedure according to the law like anyone else who adopts a child. Reports to the contrary are totally inaccurate. The procedure includes an l8 month evaluation period after which time we hope to make this adoption permanent. This was not a decision or commitment that my family or I take lightly. I am overwhelmed and inspired by my trip to Malawi and hope that it helps bring attention to how much more the world needs to do to help the children of Africa. My heartfelt thanks for all the good wishes I have received and I hope the press will allow my family some room for us to experience the joy we feel to have David home.", "British primatologist, ethologist, anthropologist, and US messenger of the peace. She is best known for her 45 year study of social and family interactions of wild chimpanzees in Tanzania. ", "In February 1952, she and Waterfield adopted a baby girl, Tracy. In December 1952, they adopted a fifteen-month-old boy, Thomas, and in 1956 she and Waterfield adopted a nine-month-old boy, Robert John. Russell herself was unable to have children and, in 1955, she founded World Adoption International Fund (WAIF), an organization to place children with adoptive families that pioneered adoptions from foreign countries by Americans.", "July 1983: Distraught over the loss of their pets, humans begin adopting apes to replace them.", "He suffered a heart attack in 1979 and underwent bypass surgery. He had another heart surgery in 1983. In 1988 it was discovered that he was HIV+; he had contracted the virus from a tainted blood transfusion during his previous surgery.", "Before long, however, her hard work and determination had paid off. She set up “Camp Leakey,” named after her mentor and began documenting the ecology and behavior of the wild orangutans. Four years later, she wrote the cover article for National Geographic Magazine, bringing orangutans widespread international public attention for the first time. The article was illustrated with Brindamour’s photographs.", "Jane Goodall: Yes, it did. It did take me longer to know the chimps too. But I haven’t got the most extreme form. Once I know somebody, I know them. But chimps are no easier than people. And the person who helped me realize that this was a condition is none other than our amazing videographer. I said, “Bill, do you mean it took you a while to recognize the chimps?” He said “Yeah.” He’s the one. And then I found more and more people with the same strange difficulty. Now I understand. It’s still embarrassing. So I find I’m looking for something. If I know I’m going to find somebody again, I’m looking for, you know, “Does she have a mole, or a hair growing on the end of her nose?” Does he have this, that or the other, you know? There are certain kinds of faces that are easy to remember. But then there’s others that really are not. I could meet you tomorrow and not immediately know you and you would be upset. You can’t help it. So I just know everybody." ]	[ 7.10546875, 5.125, 4.859375, 2.0390625, 1.48046875, -0.50244140625, -1.2177734375, -2.50390625, -2.53515625, -2.943359375, -3.041015625, -3.10546875, -3.44140625, -3.5, -5.3828125, -5.39453125, -5.42578125, -6.47265625, -7.09375, -7.60546875, -8.0546875, -8.078125, -8.609375, -8.859375, -9.3046875, -9.53125, -10.375, -10.5, -10.609375, -10.65625, -10.765625, -10.953125 ]
What was the name of NATO spokesman in the 1999 Kosovo crisis?	[ "Between 1998 and 1999, Serbia's official peace was broken when the situation in Kosovo worsened with continued clashes in Kosovo between the Serbian and Yugoslavian security forces on one side and the ethnic Albanian Kosovo Liberation Army (KLA) on the other. What became known as the Kosovo War prompted \" Operation Allied Force.\" This operation included aerial bombardment of Serbia by forces of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). The bombings lasted for 78 days. The bombings were ended following negotiations on the border between the Republic of Macedonia and the SRJ. The negotiations were held between NATO spokesperson Mike Jackson and SRJ officials speaking on behalf of Milošević. It was agreed that Milošević would order the withdrawal of all SRJ security forces, including the military and the police, and agree to have them replaced by a body of international police. The agreement upheld Yugoslavian (later Serbian) sovereignty over Kosovo but replaced Serbian government of the province with a UN administration, the United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo ( UNMIK). NATO also agreed to end its demand to station NATO troops across the whole of the SRJ. This had been one of its demands at the Rambouillet negotiations prior to the bombing campaign.", "In addition, “To ensure close coordination between the Group of Experts and NATO Headquarters, the Secretary General has designated a small NATO team lead by Dr. Jamie Shea, head of Policy Planning Unit, to function as a secretariat and staff support.” [2] Shea was NATO spokesman in 1999 and is now Director of Policy Planning in the Private Office of the Secretary General at NATO Headquarters.", "In an effort to stop Slobodan Milošević's Serbian-led crackdown on KLA separatists and Albanian civilians in Kosovo, the United Nations Security Council passed Resolution 1199 on 23 September 1998 to demand a ceasefire. Negotiations under US Special Envoy Richard Holbrooke broke down on 23 March 1999, and he handed the matter to NATO, which started a 78-day bombing campaign on 24 March 1999. Operation Allied Force targeted the military capabilities of what was then the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. During the crisis, NATO also deployed one of its international reaction forces, the ACE Mobile Force (Land), to Albania as the Albania Force (AFOR), to deliver humanitarian aid to refugees from Kosovo.", "Former NATO Secretary General Javier Solana ordered military action against Yugoslavia following a failure in negotiations on the Kosovo crisis in France’s Rambouillet and Paris in February and March 1999.", "Parties to talks at Rambouillet in France, in February 1999, attempted to build agreement to protect the rights of all sides. After the first round of talks was suspended on February 23, a second round was convened on March 15. This second round was suspended on March 19 in the light of what NATO intelligence and OSCE observers saw as intensifying violence on the ground instigated by FRY security forces, and a build-up of FRY/Serbian forces in and around Kosovo. OSCE verifiers were withdrawn during the night of March 19-20, and Holbrooke flew to Belgrade on March 22 in a last-ditch effort to persuade Milosevic to back down and avoid a military confrontation. On March 23, following final consultations with allies, Javier Solana directed NATO's Supreme Allied Commander Europe (SACEUR), Gen. Wesley Clark, to initiate a \"phased\" air operation. 4", "6 Gen. Wesley Clark, Remarks to the American Enterprise Institute regarding military action in Yugoslavia, August 31, 1999. See also Testimony before the U.S. Senate Armed Services Committee Hearing on Lessons Learned from Military Operations and Relief Efforts in Kosovo, October 21, 1999. NATO's objectives for the conflict in Kosovo were set out in the Statement issued at the Extraordinary Meeting of the North Atlantic Council held at NATO on April 12, 1999 and were reaffirmed by Heads of State and Government in Washington on April 23, 1999. They included:", "On 24 March 1999, NATO saw its first broad-scale military engagement in the Kosovo War, where it waged an 11-week bombing campaign, which NATO called Operation Allied Force, against what was then the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, in an effort to stop Serbian-led crackdown on Albanian civilians in Kosovo. A formal declaration of war never took place (in common with all wars since World War II). The conflict ended on 11 June 1999, when Yugoslavian leader Slobodan Miloševic agreed to NATO's demands by accepting UN resolution 1244. During the crisis, NATO also deployed one of its international reaction forces, the ACE Mobile Force (Land), to Albania as the Albania Force (AFOR), to deliver humanitarian aid to refugees from Kosovo. NATO then helped establish the KFOR, a NATO-led force under a United Nations mandate that operated the military mission in Kosovo. In August–September 2001, the alliance also mounted Operation Essential Harvest, a mission disarming ethnic Albanian militias in the Republic of Macedonia.", "On 24 March 1999, NATO saw its first broad-scale military engagement in the Kosovo War, where it waged an 11-week bombing campaign against what was then the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. Conflict ended on 11 June 1999, when Yugoslavian leader Slobodan Milo�evi� agreed to NATO's demands by accepting UN resolution 1244. NATO then helped establish the KFOR, a NATO-led force under a United Nations mandate that operates the military peacekeeping mission in Kosovo.", "On 24 March 1999, NATO saw its first broad-scale military engagement in the Kosovo War, where it waged an 11-week bombing campaign against what was then the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. The conflict ended on 11 June 1999, when Yugoslavian leader Slobodan Miloï¿½ević agreed to NATOï¿½s demands by accepting UN resolution 1244. NATO then helped establish the KFOR, a NATO-led force under a United Nations mandate that operates the military mission in Kosovo.", "Meeting of NATO Secretary General, Dr. Javier Solana, with the United Nations Secretary-General, Mr. Kofi Annan On 14 April 1999", "Following the failure of international mediation, and reports of ethnic cleansing of the Albanian population NATO intervened. An 11-week bombing campaign begun in March 1999 forced the Yugoslav army to withdraw, and a NATO-led peacekeeping force (KFOR) entered Kosovo as part of an international peace plan to end the fighting and establish Kosovo as an independent country.", "1999 Slobodan Milosevic's government accepted an international peace plan concerning Kosovo. NATO announced that air strikes would continue until 40,000 Serb forces were withdrawn from Kosovo.", "** In 1999, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) led by the United States launched air attacks against Yugoslavia (then composed of only Serbia and Montenegro) to pressure the Yugoslav government to end its military operations against Albanian separatists in Kosovo due to accusations of war crimes being committed by Yugoslav military forces working alongside nationalist Serb paramilitary groups. After weeks of bombing, Yugoslavia submits to NATO's demands and NATO forces occupy Kosovo and later UN peacekeeping forces to take control of Kosovo.", "In 1999, he served as an armoured reconnaissance officer in the NATO deployment in Kosovo. Initially assigned to reconnaissance of the Macedonia-Yugoslavia border, Blunt and his unit worked ahead of the front lines directing forces and targeting Serb positions for the NATO bombing campaign. He led the first squadron of troops to enter Priština, and was the first British officer to enter the Kosovo capital. His unit was given the assignment of securing the Priština airport in advance of the 30,000-strong peacekeeping force; the Russian army had moved in and taken control of the airport before his unit's arrival. As the first officer on the scene, Blunt shared a part in the difficult task of addressing the potentially violent international incident. There were less intense moments during Blunt's Kosovo assignment, however. Blunt had brought along his guitar, strapped to the outside of his tank. At some places, the peacekeepers would share a meal with hospitable locals, and Blunt would perform. It was while on duty there that he wrote the song \"No Bravery\".", "The failure on the part of NATO to stop the slaughter was still fresh in the minds of American and Western European leaders when, in 1999, the predominantly Albanian province of Kosovo tried to secede from Serbia. This time NATO air strikes were ordered to keep Serbian military units from rampaging through Kosovo. Thousands still perished in the fighting. Following the end of hostilities, a UN peacekeeping mission was established to maintain the peace while US and European diplomats negotiated a way for Kosovo’s independence.", "In 1999: War began between Yugoslavia and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) and ended that same year after NATO’s heavy aerial bombardment of Belgrade. The NATO bombing of Yugoslavia took place during the Kosovo War . Its legality and legitimacy was and is highly disputed. The legitimacy of NATO’s bombing campaign in Kosovo has been the subject of much debate. NATO did not have the backing of the United Nations Security Council because the war was opposed by permanent members, China and, in particular Russia, who had threatened to veto any resolution authorizing force. NATO argued that their defiance of the Security Council was justified based on the claims of an \"international humanitarian emergency.\"", "Kosovo was annexed by NATO after the 78-day air campaign in the Spring of 1999 which forced Serbia's President Slobodan Milosevic to withdraw his troops. • HANDOVER: A Royal Marine is shown around Pristina by outgoing Fusiliers. The building in the background is one many religious sites which need to be guarded from attack.", "After the Persian Gulf War, the United States assumed an active role in trying to preserve global peace. Many new challenges emerged in the 1990s. The part of the world once dominated by the USSR was in turmoil. Trouble arose in formerly Communist Yugoslavia, where fierce battles erupted among Serbs, Croats, and Bosnian Muslims (see Wars of Yugoslav Succession). In March 1999 NATO forces began bombing Serbia and Serbian targets in Kosovo. Both Serbia and Kosovo were part of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (FRY, now the republic of Serbia and Montenegro). The attack sought to stop Serbian troops from ï¿½ethnic cleansing,ï¿½ which drove Albanian Kosovars out of the province to neighboring nations. In June 1999 NATO and FRY military leaders approved an international peace plan for Kosovo, and NATO suspended its bombing.", "In nineteen ninety-nine, Clinton deployed American aircraft and missiles as part of a NATO campaign in Yugoslavia. NATO was trying to stop attacks against ethnic Albanians in Kosovo. Yugoslav military leaders agreed to withdraw their troops. NATO stopped the bombing and sent an international peacekeeping force to Kosovo. The United States provided seven thousand troops for that force.", "1999 – Operation Allied Force - NATO's bombing of Serbia in the Kosovo Conflict . [RL30172]", "1999 - Nato air strikes against Yugoslav military targets. In Kosovo thousands flee attacks by Serb forces. Mass refugee exodus into Albania.", "The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO; , ); ), also called \"the (North) Atlantic Alliance\", is an intergovernmental military alliance based on the North Atlantic Treaty which was signed on April 4, 1949. The NATO headquarters are in Brussels", "NATO has increasingly concentrated on extending security and stability throughout Europe, and on peacekeeping efforts in Europe and elsewhere. NATO air forces were used under UN auspices in punitive attacks on Serb forces in Bosnia in 1994 and 1995, and the alliance's forces were subsequently used for peacekeeping operations in Bosnia. NATO again launched air attacks in Mar.–June, 1999, this time on the former Yugoslavia following following the breakdown of negotiations over Kosovo . In June, 1999, NATO was authorized by the United Nations to begin trying to restore order in the province, and NATO peacekeeping forces entered Kosovo. In Aug., 2003, NATO assumed command of the international security force in the Kabul area in Afghanistan, which by 2010 had expanded to include some 120,000 troops (including more than 78,000 Americans) deployed throughout Afghanistan; and in Oct., 2003, a NATO rapid-response force was established. NATO forces also were largely responsible for enforcing the UN-authorized seven-month no-fly zone over Libya during the Arab Spring revolution there in 2011.", "An incident involving the “mass killing” of Albanians in central Kosovo’s village of Racak – a KLA stronghold – became a major excuse and justification for NATO’s decision to start its operation. Serbs were blamed for the deaths of dozens of Albanian “civilians” on January 15, 1999. However, it was alleged that the accusations could have been false and the bodies actually belonged to KLA insurgents whose clothes had been changed.", "1998 September - Nato gives an ultimatum to President Milosevic to halt the crackdown on Kosovo Albanians.", "\"The situation in and around Kosovo\" - Statement Issued at the Extraordinary Ministerial Meeting of the North Atlantic Council held at NATO Headquarters, Brussels", "Statement by NATO Secretary General Solana on behalf of the North Atlantic Council on the 19+1 Meeting with the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia ( 1 )", "1999 AD - Czech republic, Poland and Hungary join NATO. East Timor separates from Indonesia. Serbian massacre of Albanians, NATO intervenes. ", "Visit by the Prime Minister of United Kingdom, Mr. Tony Blair, to NATO on 20 April 1999", "The US took the lead galvanising the alliance. In autumn 1950, the US Secretary of State proposed to the NATO allies establishing a large integrated military force, consisting of units contributed by individual nations, including West Germany, controlled by a centralized military organisation which would administer and train those forces under a single NATO commander. This was a radical proposal and after some hesitation, NATO Foreign Ministers approved Mr Acheson's proposal, with the exception of German participation. They agreed to appoint a Supreme Commander supported by an international staff. He would be delegated limited authority to ensure that national units assigned to his command were organised and trained into an effective force.", "Visit to NATO by the Prime Minister of Bulgaria, Mr. Ivan Kostov and the Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs, Mr. Konstantin Dimitrov, on 21 April 1999", "During the Libyan Civil War, violence between protesters and the Libyan government under Colonel Muammar Gaddafi escalated, and on 17 March 2011 led to the passage of United Nations Security Council Resolution 1973, which called for a ceasefire, and authorized military action to protect civilians. NATO states agreed on enforcing an arms embargo against Libya and to take control of the no-fly zone. Reports of divisions within the alliance surfaced as only eight of the 28 member nations were participating in combat operations, resulting in a confrontation between US and countries such as Poland, Spain, the Netherlands, Turkey, and Germany to contribute more, the latter believing the organization has overstepped its mandate in the conflict. US criticized allied countries in suggesting their actions could cause the demise of NATO." ]	[ 5.29296875, 2.4765625, 2.35546875, 1.3271484375, 0.64990234375, -0.09759521484375, -0.71142578125, -1.04296875, -1.1845703125, -1.5341796875, -2.201171875, -2.212890625, -2.6328125, -2.73046875, -2.9375, -3.04296875, -3.412109375, -3.521484375, -3.548828125, -3.66796875, -3.68359375, -3.689453125, -4.140625, -4.50390625, -4.6875, -5.96484375, -6.32421875, -6.80078125, -6.9609375, -7.1953125, -7.2109375, -8.75 ]
Which daughter of the last Tsar of Russia was said to have escaped to America?	[ "On the fateful night of July 17, 1918 the last Tsar of Russia, Nicholas Romanov II, and his wife, children and servants were all brutally slaughtered in the basement of the house in which they had been confined for two months. Their only crime: Loving their homeland and God. After the horrendous murder, rumors started surfacing around Europe that the tsar's youngest daughter, Anastasia, had somehow survived and made it out of Russia alive. There were many attempts to clutch at the royal fortune by people claiming to be the missing grand duchess, but so far none have proved to be real.", "Anastasia Romanov (technically Anastasia Nikolaevna Romanova), youngest daughter of Tsar Nicholas II of Russia, was executed by Soviet soldiers on 17 July 1918 and buried in a hidden mass grave. Her body wasn’t found for many years, leading many to question what happened to Anastasia Romanov. There was persistent speculation that she had somehow escaped, and this led many people to claim to be her over the coming years.", "Grand Duchess Anastasia Nikolaevna of Russia (, Velikaya Knyazhna Anastasiya Nikolayevna Romanova) ( – July 17, 1918) was the youngest daughter of Tsar Nicholas II, the last sovereign of Imperial Russia, and his wife, Tsarina Alexandra Fyodorovna.", "Persistent rumors of her possible escape circulated after her death, fueled by the fact that the location of her burial was unknown during the decades of Communist rule. The mass grave near Yekaterinburg which held the remains of the Tsar, his wife, and three of their daughters was revealed in 1991, and the bodies of Alexei Nikolaevich and the remaining daughter—either Anastasia or her older sister Maria—were discovered in 2007.", "1928: A 35-year-old woman arrived in New York claiming that she was Anastasia, the youngest daughter of the Tsar, and that she had managed to survive her family massacre.", "Rumors of Anastasia's survival were embellished with various contemporary reports of trains and houses being searched for \"Anastasia Romanov\" by Bolshevik soldiers and secret police. When she was briefly imprisoned at Perm in 1918, Princess Helena Petrovna, the wife of Anastasia's distant cousin, Prince John Constantinovich of Russia, reported that a guard brought a girl who called herself Anastasia Romanova to her cell and asked if the girl was the daughter of the Tsar. Helena Petrovna said she did not recognize the girl and the guard took her away. Although other witnesses in Perm later reported that they saw Anastasia, her mother and sisters in Perm after the murders, this story is now widely discredited as nothing more than a rumor. Rumors that they were alive were fueled by deliberate misinformation designed to hide the fact that the family was dead. A few days after they had been murdered, the German government sent several telegrams to Russia demanding \"the safety of the princesses of German blood\". Russia had recently signed a peace treaty with the Germans, and did not want to upset them by letting them know the women were dead, so they told them they had been moved to a safer location. ", "In 1918, Bolshevik revolutionaries murdered the Russian princess Anastasia, along with the rest of her family. However, rumors persisted of her alleged survival for decades and, over the years, several different impostors claimed to be Anastasia Romanova. None gained as much fame as Anna Anderson. The would-be royal first surfaced in the early 1920s in a Berlin mental asylum, where she announced that she was Grand Duchess Anastasia, the youngest daughter of the deceased Czar Nicholas II. Although most of the surviving Romanovs dismissed her as a fraud, the girl bore a striking resemblance to the princess and even knew many personal details of her life. She soon won the support of a coterie of wealthy Russian emigrants, many of whom believed she was the legitimate heir to the throne.", "Grand Duchesses Olga, Tatiana, Maria and Anastasia Nikolaevna of Russia in captivity at Tsarskoe Selo in the spring of 1917. One of the last known photographs of Tsar Nicholas II's daughters.", "Among the other exiles who managed to leave Russia, were Maria Fyodorovna's two daughters, the Grand Duchesses Xenia Alexandrovna and Olga Alexandrovna, with their husbands, Grand Duke Alexander Mikhailovich and Nikolai Kulikovsky, respectively, and their children. Xenia remained in England, following her mother's return to Denmark, although after their mother's death Olga moved to Canada with her husband, both sisters dying in 1960. Grand Duchess Maria Pavlovna, widow of Nicholas II's uncle, Grand Duke Vladimir, and her children the Grand Dukes Kiril, Boris and Andrei, and their sister Elena, also managed to flee Russia. Grand Duke Dmitri Pavlovich, a cousin of Nicholas II, had been exiled to the Caucasus in 1916 for his part in the murder of Grigori Rasputin, and managed to escape Russia. Grand Duke Nicholas Nikolaievich, who had commanded Russian troops during World War I prior to Nicholas II taking command, along with his brother, Grand Duke Peter, and their wives, Grand Duchesses Anastasia and Militza, who were sisters, also fled the country.", "Anna Anderson attempted to prove she was Grand Duchess Anastasia Nikolaevna of Russia, the lost daughter of Nicholas II, but DNA testing on her remains eventually proved her to be an impersonator.Massie, Robert K. The Romanovs: The Final Chapter. New York, 1995, pp. 239, 251. ISBN 0-394-58048-6. Although she did not claim the throne, per se, as women could not succeed to the Russian throne so long as any male dynast survived, she became more famous than any of the various Russian claimants to the throne.", "Ivan VI Antonovich (1740-1764) was born in St Petersburg to Prince Antony Ulrich of Brunswick-Lüneburg and Duchess Anna Leopoldovna of Mecklenburg, niece of Empress Anna of Russia and grand-daughter of Tsar Ivan V. He was proclaimed Emperor as an infant in October 1740, according to the last will of his great-aunt, Empress Anna. On 9 November 1940, his mother declared herself Empress of Russia. Within less than a year, she and Ivan were overthrown by Peter the Great’s daughter, Elizabeth. Ivan spent his life as a prisoner since 1741 to 1764 and was killed by his guards during an attempt made to free him.", "Elizabeth (1709–1761), the second-oldest daughter of Peter the Great and Catherine I of Russia, was born during the period of Peter’s military victories. In autumn 1741, she overthrew Tsar Ivan VI of Russia, arrested and exiled the Brunswick-Lüneburg family, and usurped the throne. Her reign was one of the calmest, with no natural disasters or social riots. Even the European Seven Years’ War, which started in 1756, lasted only four years for Russia, and was victorious for the Russian army. Not one person was executed on Elizabeth’s orders during her reign. She continued Peter the Great's policies in modernizing Russia, repealed all acts enabled after her father’s death, enhanced the importance of the Senate, established first Russian loan banks for the merchant class, etc. However, she did not trouble about affairs too often. Extraordinarily beautiful and fashion-conscious, Elizabeth adored fineries, balls, masquerades, concerts and other entertainments. Her life of endless enjoyment required luxurious scenery. The brilliant Italian architect Bartolomeo Francesco Rastrelli built for the Empress about twenty grandiose baroque palaces. At one of them, the Winter Palace, she died.", "2007 – The skeletal remains of Russia's last royal family members Alexei Nikolaevich, Tsarevich of Russia, and his sister Grand Duchess Anastasia are discovered near Yekaterinburg, Russia.", "Several people claimed to be surviving members of the Romanov family following the assassinations. A woman named Marga Boodts claimed to be Grand Duchess Olga. Boodts lived in a villa on Lake Como in Italy and was said to be supported by the former kaiser, Wilhelm II and by the Pope. Prince Sigismund of Prussia, son of Alexandra's sister, Irene, said he accepted her as Olga, and Sigismund also supported Anastasia claimant Anna Anderson. His mother, Irene, did not believe either woman. Most historians discount her claim and believe Olga died with her family. Michael Goleniewski, an Alexei pretender, claimed his 'sisters' were Olga and Tatiana, and the entire family had escaped. ", "The Escape of Alexei Son of Tsar Nicholas II by Vadim Petrov, Igor Lysenko and Georgy Egorov (New York, 1998) claimed that Alexei Nikolaevich Romanov (born 1904) survived when the imperial family was executed in 1918 and that, to quote from the dust-jacket, ï¿½Russiaï¿½s heir to the throne grew up under the name Vasily Filatovï¿½. From page 142 (in the section entitled ï¿½Reminiscences of [i.e. by] Oleg Vasilievich Filatovï¿½):", "Alexander was an exemplary father. He was deeply attached to his wife, whom he called “Minny.” Maria Fyodorovna bore him six children. When he died, she fell into a dead faint. The empress managed to escape from Russia after the revolution, dying in Denmark in 1928 at the age of eighty-one. She spent fifty-two years of her life in Russia.", "There have been numerous post-Revolution reports of Romanov survivors and unsubstantiated claims by individuals to be members of the deposed Tsar Nicholas II's family, the best known of whom was Anna Anderson. Proven research has, however, confirmed that all of the Romanovs held prisoners inside the Ipatiev House in Ekaterinburg were killed. Descendants of Xenia and Olga, Nicholas II's two sisters, do survive, as do descendants of previous tsars.", "Young Nicholas II, the future Czar of Russia, fell for the ravishing German princess Alexandra of Hess as soon as he saw her. The pair became inseparable and, to the dismay of the royal family, often engaged in public displays of affection. Nicholas and Alex (as he called her) became engaged in 1893. The following year Nicholas' father died, and, only days later, the young couple was married in a ceremony diminished by the Russian leader's recent death. Nonetheless, Czar Nicholas II and Empress Alexandra had a happy and passionate marriage. But while they were enjoying lavish royal parties and yacht outings, their countrymen toiled in poverty. During WWI the Russian people suffered greatly, and by 1917 support for the royal family was all but gone. Russians stormed the streets of St. Petersburg (then known as Petrograd) in protest and toppled the monarchy. Nicholas and his family were arrested and sent to Siberia. On July 16 of the next year the entire family was executed by the new Bolshevik government, ending the 300-year-old Romanov dynasty.", "Anastasia's supposed escape and possible survival was one of the most popular historical mysteries of the 20th century, provoking many books and films. At least ten women claimed to be her, offering varying stories as to how she had survived. Anna Anderson, the best known Anastasia impostor, first surfaced publicly between 1920 and 1922. She contended that she had feigned death among the bodies of her family and servants, and was able to make her escape with the help of a compassionate guard who noticed she was still breathing and took sympathy upon her. Her legal battle for recognition from 1938 to 1970 continued a lifelong controversy and was the longest running case ever heard by the German courts, where it was officially filed. The final decision of the court was that Anderson had not provided sufficient proof to claim the identity of the grand duchess.", "Following Alice, came Alfred (\"Affie\") (1844-1900), later Duke of Edinburgh and Saxe-Coburg Gotha. Affie married the only daughter of Emperor Alexander II of Russia, the Grand Duchess Marie, the richest princess in the world. They had four daughters and one son. One of their daughters, Marie (\"Missy\"), eventually became Queen of Romania. She thought herself the most beautiful queen in Europe, and she was probably right. She also wrote perhaps the most entertaining and best written set of royal memoirs. Her sister, Victoria Melita (\"Ducky\"), became the Grand Duchess Kyril of Russia, and it is her great-grandson that is one of the foremost contenders to the Romanov throne.", "But out of that story, a legend rose which is really the only reason most outside Russia would even know of their story. Two of the children survived, the tale went, and might have been living in secrecy for decades. Anastasia , the perhaps missing princess, even got her story made into a Disney movie and Soviet leaders tracked down every claim they received.", "When the tsar travelled to the front line in 1915 to take personal command of the Army, he left Alexandra in charge as Regent in the capital Saint Petersburg. Her brother-in-law, Grand Duke Alexander Mikhailovich recorded, \"When the Emperor went to war of course his wife governed instead of him.\" Alexandra had no experience of government and constantly appointed and re-appointed incompetent new ministers, which meant the government was never stable or efficient. This was particularly dangerous in a war of attrition, as neither the troops nor the civilian population were ever adequately supplied. She paid attention to the self-serving advice of Rasputin, and their relationship was widely, though falsely, believed to be sexual in nature. Alexandra was the focus of ever-increasing negative rumors, and was widely believed to be a German spy at the Russian court.", "Ariadna Tyrkova commented: \"Throughout Russia, both at the front and at home, rumour grew ever louder concerning the pernicious influence exercised by the Empress Alexandra Feodorovna, at whose side rose the sinister figure of Gregory Rasputin. This charlatan and hypnotist had wormed himself into the Tsar’s palace and gradually acquired a limitless power over the hysterical Empress, and through her over the Sovereign. Rasputin’s proximity to the Tsar’s family proved fatal to the dynasty, for no political criticism can harm the prestige of Tsars so effectually as the personal weakness, vice, or debasement of the members of a royal house. Rumours were current, up to now unrepudiated, but likewise unconfirmed, that the Germans were influencing Alexandra Feodorovna through the medium of Rasputin and Stürmer. Haughty and unapproachable, she lacked popularity, and was all the more readily suspected of almost anything, even of pro-Germanism, since the crowd is always ready to believe anything that tends to augment their suspicions.\"", "Elizabeth Petrovna (1741-1762) She was Peter's daughter by Catherine I. She staged an army coup against Ivan VI and ruled from 1741 until 1762. She secretly married Count Razumovski. She had no direct heir but selected Peter III.", "ï¿½ Grand Duchess Alexandrina (as is in The Times; possibly nï¿½e Princess Charlotte of Prussia, who became Alexandra Feodorovna upon Orthodox baptism, wife of the future Nicholas I, Emperor of Russia)", "Gregory Rasputin was one of Russia's most controversial and mysterious figures who posed as a \"holy man\" and destroyed the political image and reputation of Russia's Emperor Tsar Nicholas II and his family through a series of political manipulations, disgusting scandals and treachery, provoking a huge wave of public anger and helping the communists to prepare the disastrous Russian revolution. His mysterious activity is still disputed by historians and religious authors, mostly because he left no papers or documents with the exception of a few messages, while acting behind-the-scenes inside the Palaces of the Russian Tsars, and he remained inaccessible to public because of the heavy security that surrounded the Russian Imperial family.", "Catherine the Great is one of the most famous Russian rulers, but she wasn't Russian at all. Born in Prussia, Catherine married into Russian royalty and staged a coup to overthrow her husband and take over the reign of the Russian Empire. During her rule from 1762 to 1796, she expanded the empire's lands and sought to modernize Russia so it would be recognized as a major European power.", " Anna Anderson, who was one of several persons who claimed to be Grand Duchess Anastasia of Russia", "She was born to an unwed mother, Lyubov Feodorovna who was a laundress. Her biological father was rumored to be the banker Lazar Polyakov. Her mother later married Matvey Pavlov who adopted the little girl as his own daughter.", "Alexis in America: A Russian Grand Duke's Tour, 1871-1872 by Lee A. Farrow. In 1871, Alexis Romanov set sail for an extended journey through North America. The first Russian royal ever to visit the United States, he participated in a bison hunt, met Jefferson Davis in Memphis, visited Chicago weeks after the Great Fire, and more.", "The White Night of St. Petersburg by Prince Michael of Greece. Fictional account of the life of Russia's Grand Duke Nicholas, whose affair with an American courtesan and implication in a plot to steal family jewels led the emperor to banish him.", "The Romanov Bride by Robert Alexander. Novel about Russia's Grand Duchess Elizabeth, also known as Ella, who was the wife of Grand Duke Sergei Alexandrovich and sister of tsarina Alexandra." ]	[ 4.55078125, 2.93359375, 2.91015625, 1.4951171875, 0.475830078125, 0.379150390625, 0.187744140625, 0.07867431640625, -0.56201171875, -0.7177734375, -0.9326171875, -0.98583984375, -1.0732421875, -1.0908203125, -1.3583984375, -2.12109375, -2.525390625, -2.84765625, -3.439453125, -3.576171875, -3.6484375, -4.16796875, -4.8359375, -5.35546875, -5.375, -5.38671875, -5.421875, -5.68359375, -6.01953125, -6.7734375, -6.78125, -6.80859375 ]
Which soul singer is Whitney Houston's god mother?	[ "Houston’s mother, the veteran soul singer, Cissy Houston, as well as Whitney’s godmother, Aretha Franklin, are friends of community member Asiel Ben Yisrael from his earlier days in Chicago. Ben Yisrael has been working on this visit for over two years and met in the United States with mutual friends of his and the singer’s family.", "Whitney Elizabeth Houston (August 9, 1963 ï¿½ February 11, 2012) was an American singer, actress, producer, and model. In 2009, the Guinness World Records cited her as the most-awarded female act of all time. Her list of awards includes two Emmy Awards, six Grammy Awards, 30 Billboard Music Awards, and 22 American Music Awards, among a total of 415 career awards as of 2010. Houston was also one of the world's best-selling music artists, having sold over 170 million albums, singles and videos worldwide. Inspired by prominent soul singers in her family, including her mother Cissy Houston, cousins Dionne Warwick and Dee Dee Warwick, and her godmother Aretha Franklin, Houston began singing with New Jersey church's junior gospel choir at age 11.[ After she began performing alongside her mother in night clubs in the New York City area, she was discovered by Arista Records label head Clive Davis. Houston released seven studio albums and three movie soundtrack albums, all of which have diamond, multi-platinum, platinum or gold certification.", "Whitney’s mother, Cissy Houston, along with cousins Dionne Warwick and Dee Dee Warwick, godmother Darlene Love and aunt Aretha Franklin were all notable figures in the gospel, rhythm and blues and soul genres.", "Talent, good looks and connections in high places—that’s a combination that might spell success for almost any aspiring pop star, and Whitney Houston had all three. Both beautiful and talented, Houston was the daughter of soul singer Cissy Houston and niece of pop star Dionne Warwick, and she parlayed her hereditary gifts and the professional nurturing of her well-connected family into superstardom of a kind rarely matched before or since. A near-unknown prior to the release of her debut album Whitney Houston, she shot to stardom when her first chart-topping hit, “Saving All My Love For You,” hit #1 on the Billboard Hot 100 on this day in 1985.", "Lady Soul was American singer Aretha Franklin’s fourteenth studio album and contained some of her biggest hits. Lady Soul was certified Gold and sold over a million copies. Lady Soul topped the Black Albums (the R&B chart was so named at the time), hit #2 on the Pop album chart and #3 on the Jazz album chart. Gospel singer Cissy Houston (mother of late singer Whitney Houston) and her group the Sweet Inspirations and Franklin’s own sisters Carolyn and Erma Franklin served as backup singers.", "*1996: Cissy Houston, (Whitney Houston's mother) – \"The Lord is My Shepherd\" from the The Preacher's Wife: Original Soundtrack Album", "Whitney's mother, Emily Drinkard (nickname Cissy), was born in 1933 in Newark. As a youngster she started singingin family gospel group, the Drinkard Sisters, who recorded for RCA Records. Cissy performed with Dionee Warwick's first group, the Gospelaires, and formed the four-piece group the Sweet Inspirations(featuring Sylvia Shemwell of Bobby&Sylvia) In 1970s Cissy worked both as a session singer and as solo artist. She not only released three albums (Cissy Houston in 1977, Warning-Danger in 1979 and Step Aside For A Lady, EMI 1980) but also worked with such varied and celebrated singers as Elvis Presley and her close friend Aretha Franklin. Remarkably she was the first singer to record 'Midnight Train To Georgia', later a big hit for Gladys Knight.", "Whitney Houston was born in what was then a middle-income neighborhood in Newark, New Jersey, the second child of Army serviceman and entertainment executive John Russell Houston, Jr. (September 13, 1920 -- February 2, 2003), and gospel singer Cissy Houston (née Emily Drinkard).[13] She had two older brothers, Gary Garland, who was also a singer, and Michael Houston. She was of African American, Native American, and Dutch descent.", "Houston learned to sing from her mother, gospel singer Cissy Houston, who, along with her cousin Dionne Warwick and godmother Aretha Franklin, was a notable figure in gospel music in the 1960s and '70s. As a child, Houston joined the New Hope church's junior choir, where her talent was quickly rewarded with solos, the first of which was reportedly the hymn \"Guide Me, O Thou Great Jehovah.\"", "Whitney Houston was paired with well-estabilished soul cronners like Teddy Pendergrass and Jermaine Jackson, who both releasted records featuring vocals by Whitney in 1984 - songs that appeared on her own debut album a year later. Houston and Jackson even made a cameo appearance on American soap As The World Turns mugging for the camera and sining the slushy 'Take Good Care Of My Heart'.", "LOS ANGELES – Whitney Houston , who reigned as pop music's queen until her majestic voice and regal image were ravaged by drug use, erratic behavior and a tumultuous marriage to singer Bobby Brown, died Saturday night. She was 48.", "Aretha Franklin (March 25, 1942) is a Memphis, Tennessee-born but Detroit, Michigan-raised American iconic gospel, soul, and R&B singer. Many have called her \"The Queen Of Soul\" and \"Lady Soul\". She is renowned for her soul and R&B recordings but is also adept at jazz, rock, blues, pop, and gospel. She is generally regarded as one of the best vocalists ever by such industry publications/media outlets as Rolling Stone and VH1, due to her phenomenal technical and interpretive talents.", "4. Whitney Houston is an American singer and actress and one of the best music artists of all time, based on sales and awards. She covered Dolly Parton’s “I Will Always Love You”.", "Aretha Franklin - Aretha Louise Franklin (born March 25, 1942) is an American singer, songwriter, and pianist. She is known to her fans as the \"Queen of Soul\". Aretha is the second most honored female singer in Grammy history (after Alison Krauss). She has won twenty Grammy Awards, which includes the Living Legend Grammy and the Lifetime Achievement Grammy. Aretha won eight consecutive awards between 1968 and 1975, during which time the category of Best Female R&B Vocal Performance was nicknamed \"The Aretha Award\". By the end of the 1960s Franklin was at her peak as an artist and her hits included Otis Redding's \"Respect\", as well as \"Chain of Fools\" and \"(You Make Me Feel Like) A Natural Woman\" . She had become an African-American icon during the era's turbulent battles over civil rights for minorities and women. She sang \"God Bless America\" at the 1977 inauguration of President Jimmy Carter and continued to perform and record both soul and gospel music into the 21st century. ' Artist Discography '", "Aretha Louise Franklin (born March 25, 1942) is an American singer, songwriter, and pianist. Although known for her soul recordings and referred to as The Queen of Soul, Franklin is also adept at jazz, blues, R&B, gospel music, and rock.", "No-one ever came close. Ask Aretha or Gladys. She was their favourite soul singer. Totally stunning.", "Aretha Franklin is the undisputed “Queen of Soul” and the first woman inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. She is a singer of great passion and control whose finest recordings define the term soul music in all its deep, expressive glory. As Atlantic Records co-founder Ahmet Ertegun observed, “I don’t think there’s anybody I have known who possesses an instrument like hers and who has such a thorough background in gospel, the blues and the essential black-music idiom.…She is blessed with an extraordinary combination of remarkable urban sophistication and of the deep blues feeling that comes from the Delta. The result is maybe the greatest singer of our time.”", "Aretha Franklin, the woman that demands R-E-S-P-E-C-T possesses a unique vocal quality and is known as one of the best vocalist in the world. Through her lyrics and style, she defines soul music in all its forms. Initially, Franklin was rooted in gospel music, but as her singing style developed, she incorporated blues, jazz, and funk to her music. Her inspirations come from many and her sacred and secular approach to music forged her way into the hearts of the 60’s generation.", "By 1986, a year after its initial release, Whitney Houston topped the Billboard 200 albums chart and stayed there for 14 non-consecutive weeks. The final single, \"Greatest Love of All\", a cover of \"The Greatest Love of All\", originally recorded by George Benson in 1977, became Houston's biggest hit at the time after peaking No. 1 and remaining there for three weeks on the Hot 100 chart, which made her debut the first album by a woman to yield three No. 1 hits. Houston was No. 1 artist of the year and Whitney Houston was the No. 1 album of the year on the 1986 Billboard year-end charts, making her the first woman to earn that distinction. At the time, Houston released the best-selling debut album by a solo artist. Houston then embarked on her world tour, Greatest Love Tour. The album had become an international success, and was certified 13× platinum (diamond) in the United States alone, and has sold 25 million copies worldwide. ", "Mary J. Blige said that Houston inviting her onstage during VH1's Divas Live show in 1999 \"opened doors for [her] all over the world.\"[254] Brandy stated, \"The first Whitney Houston CD was genius. That CD introduced the world to her angelic yet powerful voice. Without Whitney, half of this generation of singers wouldn't be singing.\"[255] Kelly Rowland, in an Ebony's feature articles for celebrating black music in June 2006, recalled that \"[I] wanted to be a singer after I saw Whitney Houston on TV singing 'Greatest Love of All'. I wanted to sing like Whitney Houston in that red dress.\" She added that \"And I have never, ever forgotten that song [Greatest Love of All]. I learned it backward, forward, sideways. The video still brings chills to me. When you wish and pray for something as a kid, you never know what blessings God will give you.\"[256]", "Dee Dee Warwick (September 25, 1945 October 18, 2008 was an African-American soul singer. She was born in Newark, New Jersey as Delia Mae Warrick. Following the lead of her elder sister, Dionne Warwick, she changed her surname from Warrick to Warwick in the early 1960s.", "Aretha Louise Franklin (born March 25, 1942) is an American musician, singer, songwriter, and pianist. In a recording career that has spanned over half a century, Franklin's repertoire has included gospel, jazz,", "The recipient of the U.S.A.’s highest civilian honor, The Presidential Medal Of Freedom, an eighteen (and counting) Grammy Award winner – the most recent of which was for Best Gospel Performance for “Never Gonna Break My Faith” with Mary J. Blige in 2008 – a Grammy Lifetime Achievement and Grammy Living Legend awardee, Aretha Franklin’s powerful, distinctive gospel-honed vocal style has influenced countless singers across multi-generations, justifiably earning her Rolling Stone magazine’s No. 1 placing on the list of “The Greatest Singers Of All Time.”", "Cher (; born Cherilyn Sarkisian; May 20, 1946) is an American singer and actress. Called the Goddess of Pop, she is described as embodying female autonomy in a male-dominated industry. She is known for her distinctive contralto singing voice and for having worked in numerous areas of entertainment, as well as adopting a variety of styles and appearances during her five-decade-long career.", "Houston won seven American Music Awards in total in 1986 and 1987, and an MTV Video Music Award. The album's popularity would also carry over to the 1987 Grammy Awards when \"Greatest Love of All\" would receive a Record of the Year nomination, ten years after the original recording of \"The Greatest Love of All\" by George Benson, which was the main theme of the boxer Muhammad Ali biopic \"The Greatest\" in 1977. Houston's debut album is listed as one of Rolling Stones 500 Greatest Albums of All Time and on The Rock & Roll Hall of Fame's Definitive 200 list. Houston's grand entrance into the music industry is considered one of the 25 musical milestones of the last 25 years, according to USA Today. Following Houston's breakthrough, doors were opened for other African-American women such as Janet Jackson and Anita Baker to find notable success in popular music and on MTV. ", "Aretha Louise Franklin is an American singer, songwriter and musician. Franklin began her career singing gospel at her father, minister C. L. Franklin's church as a child. In 1960, at the age of 18...", "Inducted to the GMA Gospel Music Hall of Fame in 2012, Franklin has been described as \"the voice of the civil rights movement, the voice of black America\" and a \"symbol of black equality\". Asteroid 249516 Aretha was named in her honor in 2014. ", "in 1993 - David Houston dies at age 57. American country music singer born in Bossier City, Louisiana; In 1963, he rose to national stardom with the single \"Mountain of Love\"; the song, which rose to No.2 on Billboard's Hot Country Singles chart and his 1965's \"Livin' in a House Full of Love\". In 1966, Houston released his international breakthrough \"Almost Persuaded\". David was awarded 2 Grammy Awards for Best Country & Western Recording and Best Country & Western Performance, Male in 1967 for \"Almost Persuaded\". This was followed by a string of top five singles through 1973, including six more number ones: \"With One Exception\" and \"You Mean the World to Me\" (1967); \"Have a Little Faith\" and \"Already It's Heaven\" (1968); \"Baby, Baby (I Know You're a Lady)\" (1970); and 1967's \"My Elusive Dreams\" duet with Tammy Wynette. In later years, Houston dueted with Barbara Mandrell on several of her early hits, most notably 1970's \"After Closing Time\" and 1974's \"I Love You, I Love You\".", "Full-throated soprano Mahalia Jackson, called the queen of gospel music, helped make this music genre popular to a secular audience. Through performances on radio and television, she brought gospel music to diverse listeners in the U.S. And abroad, and her 1958 gospel hit Hes Got the Whole World in His Hands was one of the best-selling songs of the year. Jacksons audiences included Presidents Eisenhower and Kennedy as well as the king and queen of Denmark. At the 1963 March on Washington, Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. requested that Jackson sing I Been Buked and I Been Scorned just before he delivered his famous I Have a Dream speech. Jackson also sang at Kings funeral in 1968. In 1972, Jackson received a posthumous Lifetime Achievement Grammy.", "in 1972 - Mahalia Jackson dies at age 60. African-American gospel singer, nicknamed ï¿½Halie,\" she grew up in the Black Pearl section of the Carrollton neighborhood of Uptown New Orleans, Louisiana. Best known for her contralto voice range, she was widely regarded as the best in the history of the genre, and was the very first \"Queen of Gospel Music\". With her powerful, distinct voice, she became one of the most influential gospel singers in the world. She recorded about 30 albums, and her 45 rpm records included a dozengold million-sellers. She has been honored with 6 grammys, for her recordings \"How I Got Over\", \"Guide Me, O Thou Great Jehovah\", \"Make A Joyful Noise Unto The Lord\" \"Great Songs Of Love And Faith\" \"Everytime I Feel the Spirit\" and a Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award (Heart failure and diabetes)", "The icon, who [article id=\"1679123\"]died Saturday[/article] at the age of 48, left many memorable recordings. Here are Houston's top 10 songs and how they fared on the Billboard charts:", "In 1965, Otis Redding wrote and recorded the song “Respect.\" Two years later, R&B singer Aretha Franklin popularized it, and the song became her signature. Both versions have the similar lyrics (though Franklin's added the \"R-E-S-P-E-C-T\" chorus to the song), but Franklin’s invokes female empowerment while Redding’s is a euphemism for sex. 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Which Russian-born American wrote I, Robot?	[ "Isaac Asimov (c. 2 January 1920 – 6 April 1992 ) was a Russian -born American biochemist who was a prolific author of both fiction and non-fiction, perhaps best remembered for the novels The Foundation Series and I, Robot .", "I, Robot (stylized as i, ROBOT) is a 2004 American neo-noir dystopian science fiction action film directed by Alex Proyas. The screenplay by Jeff Vintar and Akiva Goldsman is from a screen story by Vintar, suggested by Isaac Asimov's short-story collection of the same name. The film stars Will Smith, Bridget Moynahan, Bruce Greenwood, James Cromwell, Chi McBride, Alan Tudyk and Shia LaBeouf.", "Born on January 2, 1920, in Petrovichi, Russia, Isaac Asimov immigrated with his family to the United States and became a biochemistry professor while pursuing writing. He published his first novel, Pebble in the Sky, in 1950. An immensely prolific author who penned nearly 500 books, he published influential sci-fi works like I, Robot and the Foundation trilogy, as well as books in a variety of other genres. Asimov died in New York City on April 6, 1992.", "The robot series has led to film adaptations. With Asimov's collaboration, in about 1977 Harlan Ellison wrote a screenplay of I, Robot that Asimov hoped would lead to \"the first really adult, complex, worthwhile science fiction film ever made\". The screenplay has never been filmed and was eventually published in book form in 1994. The 2004 movie I, Robot, starring Will Smith, was based on an unrelated script by Jeff Vintar titled Hardwired, with Asimov's ideas incorporated later after the rights to Asimov's title were acquired. (Ironically, the title was not original to Asimov but had previously been used for a story by Eando Binder.) Also, one of Asimov's robot short stories, \"The Bicentennial Man\", was expanded into a novel The Positronic Man by Asimov and Robert Silverberg, and this was adapted into the 1999 movie Bicentennial Man, starring Robin Williams.", "Ayn Rand (; born Alisa Zinov'yevna Rosenbaum, ; – March 6, 1982) was a Russian-born American novelist, philosopher, playwright, and screenwriter. She is known for her two best-selling novels, The Fountainhead and Atlas Shrugged, and for developing a philosophical system she called Objectivism. Educated in Russia, she moved to the United States in 1926. She had a play produced on Broadway in 1935–1936. After two early novels that were initially unsuccessful in America, she achieved fame with her 1943 novel, The Fountainhead.", "I, Robot explores the relationship between robots and people, and contains some of Asimov’s best writing, including the creation of the Three Laws of Robotics. In 2004, the Saturday Evening Post claimed that the Three Laws “revolutionized the science fiction genre and made robots far more interesting than they ever had been before.”", "While Clarke was influential for his contribution to movies as well as space exploration, Asimov has not had much of his work do well on screen. While the movie I, Robot Is “ suggested ” by Asimov’s stories, it takes an approach that is the opposite of the direction Asimov took in his stories and books. In the movie, I, Robot there is a robot uprising while in Asimov’s Robot worlds, he coined the “ Three Laws of Robotiocs :”", "In 1950, Asimov collected a number of his robot stories and published them as a single collection titled I, Robot. The nine stories (“Robbie,” “Runaround,” “Reason,” “Catch that Rabbit,” “Liar!,” “Little Lost Robot,” “Escape!,” “Evidence” and “The Evitable Conflict”) were reworked into a sort of recollection of Susan Calvin’s life. In some instances, Asimov retroactively inserted the scientist into earlier stories, and established a continuity across the length of the stories.", "Harlan Ellison's screenplay of I, Robot begins by introducing the Three Laws, and issues growing from the Laws form a large part of the screenplay's plot development. (This is only natural, since Ellison's screenplay is a Citizen Kane -inspired frame story surrounding four of Asimov's short-story plots, three taken from I, Robot itself. Ellison's adaptations of these four stories are relatively faithful, although he magnifies Susan Calvin's role in two of them.) Due to various complications in the Hollywood studio system, to which Ellison's introduction devotes much invective, his screenplay was never filmed.", "1920 Isaac Asimov , Russian scientist and sci-fi writer (I Robot, Foundation Trilogy), born in Petrovichi, Russia (d. 1992)", "The plot of the film released in 2004 under the name, I, Robot is \"suggested by\" Asimov's robot fiction stories ", "I, Robot, 1939 Adam Link story by Eando Binder (unrelated to the Isaac Asimov story collection)", "Russian-American novelist Ayn Rand, who immigrated to the U.S. In 1926, became a well-known author after the success of her best-selling novels Fountainhead in 1943 and Atlas Shrugged in 1957. Raised in Russia during the Bolshevik revolution, Rand witnessed the Communist government confiscate her fathers business and leave the family impoverished. As a student, she watched as Communists took over the University of Petrograd and prohibited free speech. These experiences led Rand to despise collectivist political systems and to develop her own philosophy called objectivism, which embodies principles of capitalism, rational self-interest, and reason. Her beliefs about independent thought and individualism earned her a large following that continues to thrive today.", "Isaac Asimov (/ˈaɪzᵻk ˈæzᵻmɒv/; born Isaak Yudovich Ozimov; circa January 2, 1920 - April 6, 1992) was an American author and professor of biochemistry at Boston University, best known for his works of science fiction and for his popular science books. Asimov was prolific and wrote or edited more than 500 books and an estimated 90,000 letters and postcards. His books have been published in 9 of the 10 major categories of the Dewey Decimal Classification.", "Asimov was born between October 4, 1919 and January 2, 1920 in Petrovichi near Klimovichi, then Gomel Governorate in the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (now Smolensk Oblast, Russia) to Anna Rachel (née Berman) and Judah Asimov, a family of Jewish millers. His exact date of birth within that range is unknown, but Asimov himself celebrated it on January 2. The family name derives from a word for winter crops, in which his great-grandfather dealt. This word is spelled in Russian, and in Belarusian. Phonetically, both words are almost identical because in Russian 'О' in the first unstressed syllable is always pronounced as 'А'. Accordingly, his name originally was in Russian; however, he was later known in Russia as , a Russian Cyrillic adaptation of the American English pronunciation. Asimov had two younger siblings: a sister, Marcia (born Manya, June 17, 1922 – April 2, 2011), and a brother, Stanley (July 25, 1929 – August 16, 1995), who was vice-president of New York Newsday. ", "Leo Tolstoy, or Count Lyev Nikolayevich Tolstoy (Russian: About this sound Лeв Никола́евич Толсто́й (help·info), Russian pronunciation: [lʲev nʲɪkɐˈlaɪvʲɪtɕ tɐlˈstoj]; September 9 [O.S. August 28] 1828 – November 20 [O.S. November 7] 1910), was a Russian writer whom many consider to be the world's greatest novelist. His masterpieces War and Peace and Anna Karenina represent, in their scope, breadth and vivid depiction of 19th-century Russian life and attitudes, the peak of realist fiction.", "Isaac Asimov was born Jan. 2, 1920, in the Soviet Union, near Smolensk, the son of Judah and Anna Rachel Berman Asimov. He was brought to the United States in 1923 and was naturalized in 1928.", "More recently, the Asimov estate authorized publication of another trilogy of robot mysteries by Mark W. Tiedemann. These novels, which take place several years before Asimov's Robots and Empire, are Mirage (2000), Chimera (2001), and Aurora (2002). These were followed by yet another robot mystery, Alexander C. Irvine's Have Robot, Will Travel (2004), set five years after the Tiedemann trilogy.", "Has appeared in two films starting with the word \"I\", I, Robot (2004) and I Am Legend (2007).", "Helen Mirren, although not American, is also of Russian descent. Born Ilyena Mirnoff in Essex, England. She joined the Royal Shakespeare Company in 1967, and her successful career on stage and screen in the U.K. subsequently led to notoriety on this side of the Atlantic. The granddaughter of a White Russian nobleman, she was able to take advantage of her Russian roots in \"White Nights\" with Mikhail Baryshnikov (1985).", "7 July is the anniversary of Robert A. Heinlein's birthday . Heinlein was an American science fiction writer who published 32 novels, 59 short stories, and 16 collections during his lifetime. He, Isaac Asimov, and Arthur C. Clarke are known as the 'Big Three' of science fiction.", "Vladimir Vladimirovich Mayakovsky (19 July 1893 NS – 14 April 1930) was a Georgian-born Russian playwright, screenwriter and poet. A Bolshevik activist before 1917, he became the pre-eminent poet of the Russian Revolution and one of the leading literary figures of the Futurist movement.", "Bret Easton Ellis (born March 7, 1964) is an American novelist, screenwriter, and short story writer. His works have been translated into 27 languages. He was at first regarded as one of the so-called literary Brat Pack, which also included Tama Janowitz and Jay McInerney. He is a self-proclaimed satirist, whose trademark technique, as a writer, is the expression of extreme acts and opinions in an affectless style. Ellis employs a technique of linking novels with common, recurring characters.", "(Biography) Alexander Isayevich (alɪkˈsandr iˈsajɪvitʃ). 1918–2008, Russian novelist. His books include One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich (1962), The First Circle (1968), Cancer Ward (1968), August 1914 (1971), The Gulag Archipelago (1974), and October 1916 (1985). His works criticize the Soviet regime and he was imprisoned (1945–53) and exiled to Siberia (1953–56). He was deported to the West from the Soviet Union in 1974; all charges against him were dropped in 1991 and he returned to Russia in 1994. Nobel prize for literature 1970", "It was the literary basis for the first act of the feature film A.I. Artificial Intelligence. This was originally an unrealised film project of the late Stanley Kubrick. It was posthumously developed and filmed by Steven Spielberg and released in 2001.", "2001 Returned to filmmaking with \"A.I. Artificial Intelligence\", based on a story by the late Stanley Kubrick; also wrote screenplay", " / ˈ m æ m ɨ t / ; born November 30, 1947) is an American playwright, essayist, screenwriter, and film director.", "In 2001, Spielberg filmed fellow director and friend Stanley Kubrick's final project, A.I. Artificial Intelligence which Kubrick was unable to begin during his lifetime. A futuristic film about a humanoid android longing for love, A.I. featured groundbreaking visual effects and a multi-layered, allegorical storyline, adapted by Spielberg himself. Though the film's reception in the US was relatively muted, it performed better overseas for a worldwide total box office gross of $236 million.", "His father was an engineer and his mother a dressmaker. While starring with the Kirov Ballet, he defected to the United States in 1974, joining the American Ballet Theatre. In 1978-9 he danced with George Ballanchine's New York City Ballet. He received an Oscar nomination for his film debut as Yuril in Turning Point, The (1977). He played a defecting Soviet ballet star in White Nights (1985). In 1989 he made his Broadway debut acting in \"Metamorphosis\". Jessica Lange bore him a daughter, Shura.", "ˈdæl/) (born October 3, 1925) is an American author , playwright , essayist , screenwriter and political activist . Early in his career he wrote The City and the Pillar (1948), which outraged mainstream critics as one of the first major American novels to feature unambiguous homosexuality .", "*A.I. Artificial Intelligence, directed by Steven Spielberg, starring Haley Joel Osment, William Hurt, Frances O'Connor, Jude Law and Brendan Gleeson", "American playwright. Frank writer. Explored American life. Best known for \"Our Town\" also wrote, \"The Matchmaker\" and \"The Skin of Our Teeth\"" ]	[ 7.0703125, 5.6640625, 5.32421875, 4.03515625, 3.986328125, 3.654296875, 3.619140625, 3.109375, 2.501953125, 2.08984375, 1.55859375, 1.0654296875, -0.430419921875, -2.96484375, -3.060546875, -3.43359375, -3.681640625, -3.974609375, -4.56640625, -5.25390625, -5.3671875, -6.078125, -6.37890625, -7.49609375, -7.609375, -7.69921875, -7.91015625, -8.890625, -8.984375, -9, -9.5390625, -9.6953125 ]
In which state were Bonnie & Clyde killed?	[ "Bonnie and Clyde were ambushed and killed on May 23, 1934, on a rural road in Bienville Parish, Louisiana. The couple appeared in daylight in an automobile and were shot by a posse of four Texas officers (Frank Hamer, B.M. \"Manny\" Gault, Bob Alcorn and Ted Hinton) and two Louisiana officers (Henderson Jordan and Prentiss Morel Oakley).", "Bonnie and Clyde were killed May 23, 1934, on a desolate road near their Bienville Parish, Louisiana hideout. They were shot by a posse of four Texas and two Louisiana officers (the Louisiana officers added solely for jurisdictional reasons - see below). Questions about the way the ambush was conducted, and the failure to warn the duo of impending death, have been raised about the incident.", "Bonnie and Clyde were killed May 23, 1934, on a desolate road near their Bienville Parish, Louisiana hideout. They were shot by a posse of four Texas and two Louisiana officers. Questions about the way the ambush was conducted, and the failure to warn the duo of impending death, have been raised ever since that day. [ Wikipedia ]", "Bonnie and Clyde were a romantic couple who were also outlaws and theives from the area of Texas. They and their gang were particularly famous in the early 1930s and ultimately killed nine police officers and several civilians before they themselves were ambused and killed in Louisana in 1934.", "Exactly 75 years ago today, at 9.15am on May 23, 1934, two small-time Depression-era bank robbers named Bonnie Parker and Clyde Barrow died on a lonely road outside Gibsland, Louisiana.", "Arthur Penn's Depression-era road-gangster film Bonnie and Clyde (1967) began in West Dallas, Texas, where Bonnie Parker (Faye Dunaway) fatefully met Clyde Barrow (producer/star Warren Beatty) and the couple began a bank-robbing spree that ended in their bloody ambush deaths in Gibsland, Louisiana", "This is an image of Bonnie and Clyde’s famous V-8 Ford, riddled with bullets. Bonnie and Clyde were killed when police ambushed their vehicle in Bienville Parish, LA, on May 23rd, 1934. Six officers shot numerous rounds into their car, possibly exceeding a hundred bullets total.", "..... Click the link for more information. . Joining forces in 1932, they traveled the Southwest and Midwest in a 21-month crime spree, robbing small-town restaurants, gas stations, grocery stores, and banks; stealing cars; killing more than 10; and participating in several shoot-outs with police. Part of the time they were joined by Barrow's older brother, his wife, and other outlaws. In Louisiana, on May 23, 1934, Bonnie and Clyde were were ambushed in their car by police; both were shot and killed. Their activities were widely publicized, and the couple was both vilified and glamorized in contemporary reports; they became folk heroes for some. Their fame was renewed by Arthur Penn Penn, Arthur Hiller,", "Bonnie and Clyde famously died in a hailstorm of bullets shot at their car by an assembled posse of Texas and Louisiana lawmen. Stopping to help Henry Methvin’s father fix his apparently broken-down truck on a Louisiana road, Clyde pulled the car to a stop when the posse opened fire without warning. Approximately 150 rounds later, Bonnie and Clyde lay dead in their car, which was pockmarked with holes like a piece of grey Swiss cheese. Not taking any chances, the leader of the posse, Frank Hamer, even approached the car and fired several additional shots into the already dead Bonnie’s body. Her hand still held part of the half-eaten sandwich that would be her last meal.", "A video clip of Bonnie and Clyde, shot to death by officers in an ambush near Gibsland, Louisiana", "On May 23, 1934, Bonnie and Clyde, the famed couple of crime, were killed in a police ambush near Sailes, La., as they were driving a stolen Ford V8.", "On May 23, 1934, Bonnie and Clyde met their own violent end in an ambush near their latest hide-out in Black Lake, Louisiana. At 9:15 AM, officers waiting for their car on a roadside riddled them with bullets. Their bodies were publicly displayed in Dallas before being buried in their respective family's burial sites.", "The gang became national celebrities after pictures of them posing with guns were found in their abandoned apartment. Several months later, Buck was severely wounded in another shootout with police, and died of his wounds shortly after a posse discovered the gang’s campsite. Hoping to gain more members for the gang, Clyde helped several prisoners break out of Eastham Prison Farm on January 16, 1934. Angered by the attack, the warden persuaded the governor of Texas to hire former Texas Ranger Frank Hamer to hunt down the gang. Betrayed by gang member Henry Methvin in exchange for a pardon, Bonnie and Clyde were lured into an ambush where they were killed on May 23, 1934.", "One half of the infamous Bonnie and Clyde duo, Bonnie Parker assisted her partner, Clyde Barrow , in a nationwide crime spree that lasted from 1932 until their deaths in 1934. Already married to an imprisoned murderer, Bonnie met Clyde in West Dallas, Texas in January 1930. The pair combined to commit 13 murders, numerous kidnappings, and several burglaries and robberies. The FBI and other law enforcement agencies engaged in one of the largest manhunts the United States had seen up to that time, capturing national attention. With most of their accomplices already dead or captured, Bonnie and Clyde were ambushed and killed instantly by a posse of lawmen led by Texas Ranger", "Public opinion turned against Bonnie and Clyde after reports of the murder of two motorcycle cops on Easter Sunday, 1934. Sleeping late in their car near Grapevine, Texas, Bonnie, Clyde, and Henry Methvin were taken by surprise by the policemen, who suspected a car of drunks. Clyde’s injunction to Henry to kidnap the cops, “Let’s take them,” was misinterpreted as encouragement to fire, and Henry blew away patrolman E.B. Wheeler. The situation beyond saving, Clyde fired on the other cop, a rookie named H.D. Murphy, whose first day it was on the job. Murphy was about to get married, and his fiancée wore her wedding gown to the funeral. The public, who had often cheered the brash and brazen outlaws, now wanted to see them caught—alive or dead.", "Greg Martin, director of the Arms & Armor Dept. at Butterfields auction house in San Francisco, puts his finger through a bullet hole in the blood splattered hat worn by Clyde Barrow in 1934 when he and Bonnie Parker were gunned down by authorities Thursday, June 15, 2000, in San Francisco. The hat and other Bonnie and Clyde memorabilia will be auctioned Monday, June 19 in San Francisco. (AP Photo/Ben Margot) less", "What really happened the morning of 23 May 1934? Were the Federal & State operatives motivating the execution posse's violent & deadly action justified to bypass the Court system and kill the fugitives? Did Bonnie deserve a 'shoot to kill' directive for being with Clyde? Should the Louisiana Governor have ordered the posse arrested and tried for double murder? Besides B&C being murdered, how did this ambush differ from prior B&C violent encounters with lawmen?", "They were united in their thieving, violence and even death, when they were gunned down with 167 bullets and their bodies were put on public display in Dallas. But Bonnie Parker and Clyde Barrow have been separated ever since, buried in their families’ plots – Bonnie in Crown Hill Memorial Park and Clyde at Western Heights Cemetery, both in Dallas.", "Narrator: Back in Dallas, the spectacle of Bonnie and Clyde’s demise drew tens of thousands of onlookers, all of them anxious to catch a last glimpse of the outlaw lovers they had read so much about. A large floral arrangement was sent from the Dallas newspaper vendors; in two days, they had sold almost half a million copies of extra editions.", "Narrator: The legend of Bonnie and Clyde was born. With the photos, the duo went from two-bit Texas hoods to mythic outlaws.", "During Bonnie's time in jail, Clyde had been the driver in a store robbery. The wife of the murder victim, when shown photos, picked Clyde as one of the shooters. In August 1932, while Bonnie was visiting her mother, Clyde and two associates were drinking alcohol at a dance in Oklahoma (illegal under Prohibition ). When they were approached by the local sheriff and his undersheriff, Clyde opened fire, killing the undersheriff Eugene C. Moore. That was the first killing of a lawman by what was later known as the Barrow Gang, a total which would eventually amount to nine slain officers.", "Bonnie and Clyde met sometime in early 1930. They began their criminal careers as a team in 1932. That was when Clyde, with the aid of Bonnie, broke out of prison. Their career didn’t last long — they died in a hail of bullets on May 23, 1934.", "Greg Martin, director of the Arms & Armor Dept. at Butterfields auction house in San Francisco, puts his finger through a bullet hole of the blood-splattered hat worn by Clyde Barrow in 1934 when he and Bonnie Parker were gunned down by authorities. The hat and other Bonnie and Clyde memorabilia were auctioned in 2000 in San Francisco. less", " Although police had many reasons for ambushing and killing Bonnie and Clyde on May 23, 1934, especially since the couple had avoided capture before, there is controversy over Bonnie's death. Bonnie Parker was undoubtedly Clyde Barrow's partner, but when she was killed, no warrants relating to a violent crime had been issued. When the police ambushed the couple, Clyde was killed instantly, but haunting reports state that Bonnie took longer to kill and the men could hear her screaming over the shooting. The leader of the investigation and the ambush party, Frank Hamer, defended his actions by claiming that Bonnie was a violent criminal and her escape could not be risked. However, for the time and manner in which these criminals were killed, many questioned if the brutal nature of the killings was necessary for Bonnie. This controversy only furthers the legend of Bonnie and Clyde, who lived and died with a bang.", "Around 9:00 a.m. on May 23, the posse, concealed in the bushes and almost ready to concede defeat, heard Clyde's stolen Ford V-8 approaching. When he stopped to speak with Henry Methvin's father (planted there with his truck that morning to distract Clyde and force him into the lane closest to the posse), the lawmen opened fire, killing Bonnie and Clyde while shooting a combined total of approximately 130 rounds.", "At approximately 9:00 a.m. on May 23, the posse, concealed in the bushes and almost ready to concede defeat, heard Clyde's stolen Ford V8 approaching. The posse's official report had Clyde stopping to speak with Henry Methvin's father, planted there with his truck that morning to distract Clyde and force him into the lane closest to the posse, the lawmen opened fire, killing Bonnie and Clyde while shooting a combined total of approximately 130 rounds. By 9:15, the couple were dead. The posse, under Hamer's direct orders, did not call out a warning,or order the duo to surrender. Barrow was killed instantly from Oakley's initial head shot. Parker did not die as easily. The posse reported her uttering a long, horrified scream as the bullets tore into the car. The officers emptied the specially-ordered automatic rifle, as well as rifles, shotguns and pistols at the car. According to statements made by Ted Hinton and Bob Alcorn:", "The crime spree continued, including the brutal murder of two motorcycle cops, but the end was near. Methvin and his family were to play a role in Bonnie and Clyde's demise.", "At approximately 9:15 a.m. on May 23, the posse, concealed in the bushes and almost ready to concede defeat, heard Barrow's stolen Ford V8 approaching at a high speed. The posse's official report had Barrow stopping to speak with Methvin's father, who had been planted there with his truck that morning to distract Barrow and force him into the lane closer to the posse. The lawmen opened fire, killing Barrow and Parker while shooting a combined total of about 130 rounds. Oakley fired first, probably before any order to do so. Barrow was killed instantly by Oakley's initial head shot, but Hinton reported hearing Parker scream as she realized Barrow was dead, before the shooting at her fully began. The officers emptied all their arms at the car. Any one of the many wounds suffered by Bonnie and Clyde would have been fatal.", "At approximately 9:15 a.m. on May 23, the posse, concealed in the bushes and almost ready to concede defeat, heard Barrow's stolen Ford V8 approaching at a high speed. The posse's official report had Barrow stopping to speak with Methvin's father, who had been planted there with his truck that morning to distract Barrow and force him into the lane closer to the posse. The lawmen opened fire, killing Barrow and Parker while shooting a combined total of about 130 rounds. Oakley fired first, probably before any order to do so. Barrow was killed instantly by Oakley's initial head shot, but Hinton reported hearing Parker scream as she realized Barrow was dead, before the shooting at her fully began. The officers emptied all their arms at the car. Any one of the many wounds suffered by Bonnie and Clyde would have been fatal. ", "Narrator: The posse sorted through Bonnie and Clyde’s possessions: Bonnie’s makeup case, several suitcases, roadmaps and true crime magazines. Hamer claimed their guns and fishing tackle as a reward. Word spread quickly and people began to crowd highway 154; souvenir hunters scavenged through the carnage.", "This article is about the robbers. For the film starring Warren Beatty and Faye Dunaway, see Bonnie and Clyde (film) . For other uses see the Popular culture section.", "Newsreel Announcer (archival): Clyde’s body is borne to the grave; he died at the hands of the law." ]	[ 6.95703125, 6.82421875, 6.8125, 5.578125, 4.60546875, 4.45703125, 4.3671875, 4.12890625, 4.09375, 4.0703125, 3.9453125, 3.728515625, 3.6484375, 3.44921875, 1.5341796875, -0.08734130859375, -0.407470703125, -0.54443359375, -0.544921875, -0.75341796875, -0.8056640625, -0.81494140625, -1.431640625, -1.822265625, -1.8955078125, -3.009765625, -4.109375, -4.66015625, -4.66015625, -6.0390625, -6.19921875, -6.52734375 ]
Which Biblical name does Boris Becker's older son have?	[ "Gorgeous kids! German tennis legend Boris Becker was joined by his wife Sharlely ‘Lilly’ Kerssenberg and his older sons – Noah, 16, and Elias, 10 – at the 25th Anniversary of his first win at Wimbledon in London, England on … »» Read the article", "Former tennis champ Boris Becker and his wife Sharlely Lilly Kerssenberg took their son Amadeus Benedict Edley Luis Becker out for a peaceful stroll in London on Wednesday (March 16). Earlier this month the trio, along with Boris’ son Elias, … »» Read the article", "Congratulations to Boris Becker and his wife Sharlely ‘Lilly’ Kerssenberg, who welcomed their son Amadeus Benedict Edley Luis Becker yesterday afternoon (February 9)! The 42-year-old tennis champ confirmed the happy news this evening, saying, “With this baby, my wife, Sharlely, … »» Read the article", "Boris Becker and wife Lilly Kerssenberg, brought their 7-week-old son Amadeus and Boris’ second youngest son, 10-year-old Elias, to the W Hotel in Miami, Florida where the family spent their Easter Sunday (April 4) with friends by the pool. Elias … »» Read the article", "Boris Becker spent New Year’s Eve with his three sons. The tennis star took Amadeus, 22 months, Elias, 12, and Noah, 18, to the beach in Miami, Florida last Saturday (December 31). The older boys have a Fisher Island home … »» Read the article", "Becker, who commentated at Wimbledon this year, is now remarried to Dutch model Sharlely Lilly Kerssenberg and they have a three-year-old son named Amadeus Benedict Edley Luis Becker.", "Legendary Tennis player Boris Becker was joined by his family as they hosted a party celebrating the 25th Anniversary of his first win at Wimbledon. Pictured are (LtoR) Noah, 16, wife Sharley Lily Kerssenberg, 10-year-old Elias and Boris.", "Becker married Barbara Feltus in 1993 and he fathered two children with her, Noah and Elias.", "Becker married Barbara Feltus in 1993 and he fathered two children with her - Noah and Elias - and she was carrying his third child when the marriage imploded dramatically in 2000. ", "Ben, Levite in King David's day (1 Chr. 15:18) Ben Lawrence, brother of Jennifer Lawrence Benjamin \"Ben\" Jonson, English poet and playwright Ben Hecht, American screenwriter Ben Feldman, actor Ben Affleck, (born Benjamin Geza Affleck-Boldt), American actor and director Benjamin Edward \"Ben\" Stiller, American actor and director Benjamin Todd \"Ben\" Roethlisberger, American football player Benjamin Thomas \"Ben\" Barnes, English actor Benjamin David \"Ben\" Gillies, Australian drummer Benjamin A. \"Ben\" Foster, American actor Bennett Joseph \"Ben\" Savage, American actor Benedict Martin Paul \"Ben\" Mulroney, Canadian TV presenter Bennett \"Ben\" Cohen, American co-founder of Ben & Jerry's ice cream Benjamin Solomon \"Ben\" Carson, Sr., American politician and retired neurosurgeon Benjamin \"Ben\" Gibbard, American musician Benjamin Jon \"Ben\" Whishaw, English actor Benjamin Lauder \"Ben\" Nicholson, English painter Benedict \"Ben\" Carpenter, English sculptor Joseph Benedict \"Ben\" Chifley, 16th prime minister of Australia Hunter Benedict \"Ben\" Shepherd, American bassist Ben Roy Mottelson, American-Danish nuclear physicist and Nobel prize winner Ben Haggerty, better known as Macklemore, American rapper Benjamin Scott \"Ben\" Falcone, American actor, comedian and filmmaker Benjamin Michael \"Ben\" Seewald, husband of Jessa Duggar of reality TV's \"19 Kids and Counting\" and \"Counting On\" Benjamin August \"Ben\" Eckstein, American child actor (identical triplet brother of Alex & Caleb)", "Happy Birthday – November 22 – Boris Becker, Regina Halmich, Asamoah Gyan - Other - \| Sport360", "Becker was born in Queens, New York City and grew up in Westchester County and Forest Hills, Queens. He graduated from Stuyvesant High School in Manhattan in the class of 1967.Sweet, Brian. [http://books.google.com/books?id", "He has two children (with Simone): Katharina-Maria (b. December 28, 1998) and David (b. March 7, 2003).", "At Nethercote, Boris was raised largely by his mother and hired au pairs , as his father regularly departed for long periods of time. [28] He and his siblings were encouraged to engage in high-brow activities from a young age, for instance by reading letters in the The Times . [29] The family placed great emphasis on encouraging high achievement among their children, and Johnson's earliest recorded ambition was to be \"world king\". [30] Having few or no friends other than their siblings, the children became very close, [31] although Boris became very competitive toward Rachel, who learned to read before him. [32] It was there that Johnson also gained his first experiences with fox hunting . [33] In autumn 1969 the family relocated to Maida Vale in North London to enable Stanley to undertake post-doctoral work at the London School of Economics . [34] In 1970 Charlotte and the children briefly returned to Nethercote, where Boris was schooled at the Winsford Village School , before returning to London to settle in Primrose Hill . [35] Here, he was schooled the nearby Primrose Hill Primary School , alongside future Labour politicians Ed Miliband and David Miliband . [36] In late 1971 a further child, Jo, was born to the family, and in November 1972 they moved into a larger house nearby. [37]", "Boris Becker and his expectant wife Lilly Kerssenberg were photographed at the 2009 Oldtimer Ralley at the habour in Hamburg, Germany. We couldn’t help but notice Lilly’s baby bump late last month, although the couple had not officially announced their … »» Read the article", "Johnson was born in the afternoon of 19 June 1964, [4] in a hospital known as The Clinic on the Upper East Side of New York City . [5] His birth was registered with both the U.S. authorities and the city's British Consulate , with the child thus being awarded both American and British citizenship. [6] His English father, Stanley Johnson , had moved to the United States to study creative writing at the University of Iowa , funded by a Harkness Fellowship . Finding this course unappreciative of his talents, he had transferred to study economics at New York's Columbia University . [7] Boris's English mother, Charlotte Johnson Wahl (née Fawcett), [8] had been from a family of left-wing and liberal intellectuals and had married the politically conservative Stanley in 1963, before accompanying him to the U.S. [9] The journalist Toby Young has described Johnson's background as being \"lower-upper-middle class\". [10]", "Son of Barachias, who, our Lord says, was slain by the Jews between the altar and the temple. ( Matthew 23:35 ; Luke 11:61 ) There has been much dispute who this Zacharias was. Many of the Greek fathers have maintained that the father of John the Baptist is the person to whom our Lord alludes but there can be little or no doubt that the allusion is to Zechariah, the son of Jehoiada, ( 2 Chronicles 24:20 2 Chronicles 24:21 ) and he may have been called \"the son\" of Barachias from his grandfather. (B.C. 838.) He is mentioned as being the martyr last recorded in the Hebrew Scriptures (as Abel was the first) -d Chronicles being the last book in their canon.", "Today, he is founder of Becker Private Office, Boris Becker GmbH, owns three car dealerships and is a testimonial for selected brands. Boris is Academy member of the Laureus Sports for Good Foundation, as well as ambassador for the German Aids Foundation and patron of the Elton John AIDS Foundation (UK).", "Binyamin is believed in Islam to be the son of Prophet Jacob, but is also the name of the current Israeli prime minister Benjamin Netanyahu.", "We are talking before the wedding, sitting in the window of San Lorenzo, the Italian restaurant in Wimbledon that many players use as an unofficial canteen during the tennis tournament, which starts on 22 June. Becker first came here as a boy, before winning the championship in 1985 at the still-astonishing age of 17. He went on to five more grand slam titles, an Olympic gold, a fortune in prize money and a tabloid life so intense it would have turned lesser mortals to dust.", "As a 17-year-old, Becker took the sports world by storm in 1985. He won his first top-level singles title in June at the Queen's Club and then, two weeks later on 7th July, became the first unseeded player, the first German and the youngest player ever to win the Wimbledon singles title, defeating Kevin Curren in four sets. The following year, Becker successfully defended his Wimbledon title, defeating the then-World No. 1 Ivan Lendl in straight sets in the final.", "In addition to Munich, Monaco, and Schwyz, Becker has an apartment in London, in or near Wimbledon, and possibly still maintains a residence in Miami, to be near his children. ", "In 1998 Becker turned his sights to sports marketing. He invested in the Völkl Tennis company in Zoug, near his home in Schwyz. In this canton of central Switzerland with low tax rates, Boris Becker yields an immense profit on his fortune, which is now estimated at over 150 million Swiss francs.", "Gauck married Gerhild \"Hansi\" Gauck (née Radtke), his childhood sweetheart whom he met at age ten,[88] but the couple has been separated since 1991. They were married in 1959, at 19, despite his father's opposition, and have four children: sons Christian (born 1960) and Martin (born 1962), and daughters Gesine (born 1966) and Katharina (born 1979). Christian, Martin and Gesine were able to leave East Germany and emigrate to West Germany in the late 1980s, while Katharina, still a child, remained with her parents. His children were discriminated against and denied the right to education by the communist regime because their father was a pastor.[89] His son Christian, who along with his brother decided to leave the GDR in early 1984 and was able to do so in 1987, studied medicine in West Germany and became a physician.[90]", "Gauck married Gerhild \"Hansi\" Gauck (nee Radtke), his childhood sweetheart whom he met at age ten, but the couple has been separated since 1991. They were married in 1959, at 19, despite his father's opposition, and have four children: sons Christian (born 1960) and Martin (born 1962), and daughters Gesine (born 1966) and Katharina (born 1979). Christian, Martin and Gesine were able to leave East Germany and emigrate to West Germany in the late 1980s, while Katharina, still a child, remained with her parents. His children were discriminated against and denied the right to education by the communist regime because their father was a pastor. His son Christian, who along with his brother decided to leave the GDR in early 1984 and was able to do so in 1987, studied medicine in West Germany and became a physician.", "All natural: Boris Becker says he has never had plastic surgery and he doesn't intend to start now", "Roger Federer (born 8 August 1981 in Basel, Switzerland) is a Swiss professional tennis player. His parents, Robert and Lynette, both worked in the pharmacuetical industry. Robert was an executive for Ciba-Geigy. He met Lynette, a native South African and also a Ciba-Geigy employee, during a business trip. Their marriage also produced a daughter, Diana, in 1979.", "His father was Protestant and his mother was Jewish. He attended St. Aloysius College, a Roman Catholic School.", "Barbara Bach (August 27, 1947 Queens-) also known as Barbara Goldbach or Barbara Gregorini is an American model and actor. She has two children, Francesca Gregorini and Gianni Gregorini.", "The ceremony was performed by Martin NiemÃ¶ller, a founder of the Confessing Church, later imprisoned as an anti-Nazi. They had a daughter, Heidi Maria, born on 6 July 1939. Read Less", "Honecker became a grandfather in 1979, when his daughter Sonja, who had married the Chilean Leonardo Yáñez Betancourt, had a son, Roberto Yanez Betancourt y Honecker. Roberto's origins are debated; he is claimed to be the illegally adopted son of Mrs. Heidi Stein, Dirk Schiller, born on 13 June 1975 in Görlitz, who was stolen at only 3 years old by Stasi agents.", "He is Michelle Obama's first cousin once removed: his mother, Verdelle Robinson Funnye (born Verdelle Robinson; August 22, 1930 – April 16, 2000), was a sister of Michelle Obama's paternal grandfather, Fraser Robinson Jr. They grew to know each other in Chicago. He is one of America's most prominent African-American rabbis, known for acting as a bridge between mainstream Jewry and African Americans. He converted to Judaism after 1970, during years of activism when he regarded Christianity as having been imposed on slaves. " ]	[ 3.533203125, 3.32421875, 2.455078125, 1.9462890625, 1.6728515625, 0.94189453125, -0.88623046875, -1.6796875, -1.888671875, -3.5078125, -3.98046875, -4.15625, -4.421875, -4.484375, -4.765625, -5.57421875, -5.828125, -5.84375, -5.96875, -7.06640625, -7.3125, -7.75390625, -8.03125, -8.09375, -8.796875, -8.890625, -8.953125, -8.9921875, -9.140625, -9.40625, -9.8125, -9.828125 ]
President Kennedy was shot on 22nd November; what day was Lee Harvey Oswald shot?	[ "1. President John F. Kennedy is shot and killed on November 22nd, 1963 while visiting Dallas, Texas by Lee Harvey Oswald.", "The 35th President John F. Kennedy was shot by Lee Harvey Oswald on 22 Nov 1963 and died from his wound the same day.", "On November 22 1963, in Dallas, TX, President John F. Kennedy was shot and killed by Lee Harvey Oswald while riding in a motorcade. It was one of the most shocking news events in the history of the United States. Millions of people mourned. Only two days later, on November 24, 1963 Jack Ruby shot Lee Harvey Oswald dead.", "While traveling through Dallas in an open convertible on November 22, 1963, President John F. Kennedy was shot and killed by Lee Harvey Oswald. Two hours later, Vice President Lyndon Johnson was sworn in as the 36th president of the United States aboard Air Force One while stationed at Dallas Love Field airport.", "Lee Harvey Oswald (October 18, 1939 – November 24, 1963) was an American sniper who assassinated President John F. Kennedy on November 22, 1963. According to five U.S. government investigations,These were investigations by: the Federal Bureau of Investigation (1963), the Warren Commission (1964), the House Select Committee on Assassinations (1979), the Secret Service, and the Dallas Police Department. Oswald shot and killed Kennedy as Kennedy traveled by motorcade through Dealey Plaza in the city of Dallas, Texas.", "President John F. Kennedy was assassinated on November 22nd in Dallas, Texas. Lee Harvey Oswald was charged with the crime but was murdered two days later by Jack Ruby before he could be put on trial.", "On November 22, 1963, President John F. Kennedy was assassinated on Elm Street while his motorcade passed through Dealey Plaza in downtown Dallas. The upper two floors of the building from which alleged assassin Lee Harvey Oswald shot Kennedy, the Texas School Book Depository, have been converted into a historical museum covering the former president's life and accomplishments.", "Jack Ruby shot and killed Lee Harvey Oswald, accused assassin of president John F. Kennedy, on 24 November 1963. Ruby, a Dallas nightclub owner with several minor arrests on his police record, fired his handgun as Oswald was being transferred in the basement garage of Dallas police headquarters; the killing was broadcast on live TV. Ruby was arrested, tried, and sent to prison; he died there of cancer in 1967.", "November 22, 1963: President John F. Kennedy was shot in the head while riding in a motorcade through downtown Dallas, Texas. Kennedy died at the hospital. Texas Governor John Connelley was also shot but not killed. Lee Harvey Oswald was arrested for the killing, but this case has brought forth more conspiracy theories than any other in history.", "Kennedy was assassinated on November 22, 1963, in Dallas, Texas. Lee Harvey Oswald was accused of the crime and arrested that evening, but Jack Ruby shot and killed him two days later, before a trial could take place. The FBI and the Warren Commission officially concluded that Oswald was the lone assassin. However, the United States House Select Committee on Assassinations (HSCA) concluded that those investigations were flawed and that Kennedy was probably assassinated as the result of a conspiracy.", "John Fitzgerald Kennedy, the 35th President of the United States, was assassinated at 12:30 p.m. Central Standard Time (18:30 UTC) on Friday, November 22, 1963, in Dealey Plaza, Dallas, Texas. Fatally shot by Lee Harvey Oswald, Kennedy was traveling with his wife, Jacqueline, Texas Governor John Connally, and Connally's wife, Nellie, in a presidential motorcade. A ten-month investigation from November 1963 to September 1964 by the Warren Commission concluded that Oswald acted alone in shooting Kennedy, and that Jack Ruby also acted alone when he killed Oswald before he could stand trial. Kennedy's death marked the fourth and latest successful assassination of an American President. Vice President Lyndon B. Johnson became President upon Kennedy's death, taking the constitutionally prescribed oath of office onboard Air Force One at Dallas's Love Field airport before departing for Washington, D.C.", "Even though President John F. Kennedy's assassination on Nov. 22, 1963, spawned a slew of conspiracy theories and questions that were both unanswered and unanswerable, this fact is beyond dispute: Two days later, Jack Ruby pumped a bullet into Lee Harvey Oswald's gut, killing the man who had been arrested in connection with the slaying of the 35th president of the United States and a Dallas police officer.", "{\"id\":9101123,\"title\":\"11/24/1963: Lee Harvey Oswald Shot\",\"duration\":\"3:00\",\"description\":\"Two days after assassinating JFK, Oswald is shot and killed by Jack Ruby.\",\"url\":\"/GMA/video/nov-24-1963-lee-harvey-oswald-shot-9101123\",\"section\":\"GMA\",\"mediaType\":\"default\"}", "\| Nov. 24, 1963: As Dallas police prepared to transfer Lee Harvey Oswald to the Dallas County courthouse, he was shot in the stomach by man later identified as Jack Ruby. Oswald had been arrested in the shooting President Kennedy two days earlier.", "On November 22, 1963, John F. Kennedy was mortally wounded while riding in a motorcade in Dallas, Texas. His apparent assassin , Lee Harvey Oswald , was killed by Jack Ruby before standing trial. The Warren Commission was called to investigate Kennedy's death and found that Oswald had acted alone to kill Kennedy. Many argued, however, that there was more than one gunman, a theory upheld by a 1979 House Committee investigation . The FBI and a 1982 study disagreed. Speculation continues to this day.", "On Nov. 22, 1963, while on a campaign trip to Dallas, President Kennedy was shot and killed.", "John F. Kennedy was assassinated at 12:30 p.m. Central Standard Time (18:30 UTC) on Friday, November 22, 1963, in Dealey Plaza, Dallas, Texas. Kennedy was fatally shot while traveling with his wife Jacqueline, Texas Governor John Connally, and the latter's wife Nellie, in a Presidential motorcade. The ten-month investigation by the Warren Commission of 1963–1964 concluded that President Kennedy was assassinated by Lee Harvey Oswald and that Oswald had acted entirely alone.They also concluded that Jack Ruby acted alone when he killed Oswald before he could stand trial. Nonetheless, polls conducted from 1966 to 2004 found that as many as 80 percent of Americans have suspected that there was a plot or cover-up. ", "1963 — On November 21, 1963, President John F. Kennedy and First Lady Jacqueline B. Kennedy begin their two day visit of Texas. On November 22, 1963, President Kennedy is assassinated in downtown Dallas and the Nation mourns.", "This Sept. 10, 2013 photo shows an image taken by Bob Jackson of the Dallas Times Herald on Nov. 24, 1963, of Lee Harvey Oswald, assassin of President John F. Kennedy, reacting as Dallas night club owner Jack Ruby, foreground, shoots at him from point blank range in a corridor of Dallas Police Headquarters, juxtaposed with the current scene at the Dallas Police Headquarters, in Dallas.", "Perhaps one of the most well-known and beloved presidents, John F. Kennedy was assassinated by Lee Harvey Oswald in 1963. Oswald was arrested on the same day of the assassination, but he was shot and killed by a man named Jack Ruby two days later. While the FBI and the Warren Commission investigation concluded that Oswald had acted alone, the exact details of what happened are still a mystery, and many conspiracy theories abound.", "On November 24, 1963, Dallas, Texas, police were transferring Lee Harvey Oswald, who had been arrested for assassinating President John F. Kennedy two days earlier, from one jail to another. A crowd of journalists, photographers, and police crowded around in the jail's basement garage, and watched as Oswald was led out and was about to be placed in a police car. Suddenly, Jack Ruby, an owner of a Dallas nightclub and admirer of President Kennedy, stepped forward, drew a gun, and killed Oswald. The whole incident was captured on live television, shocking viewers who witnessed the crime.", "1963/--/-- 15 - John F. Kennedy assassin Lee Harvey Oswald is shot and killed by Jack Ruby.", "1. John F. Kennedy assassinated on Friday, November 22nd , 1963, in Dealey Plaza, Dallas, Texas", "On Nov. 22, 1963, President Kennedy was assassinated while riding in a motorcade in Dallas, Tex. His successor, Lyndon B. Johnson Johnson, Lyndon Baines,", "* JFK blown away: President John F. Kennedy is assassinated on November 22 while riding in an open convertible through Dallas.", "President Kennedy in Fort Worth on Friday morning, November 22, 1963. He was assassinated in Dallas later in the day.", "• November 22nd - President Kennedy assassinated in Dallas, Texas and Lyndon B Johnson is sworn in as President", "** Lee Harvey Oswald, assassin of John F. Kennedy, is shot dead by Jack Ruby in Dallas, an event seen on live national television. ", "Nov 22: John F. Kennedy is assassinated during a motorcade through Dealey Plaza and downtown Dallas, Texas.", "\"Gunman\" (besides Lee Harvey Oswald) allegedly involved in the assassination of American president John F. Kennedy in Dallas, November 1963.", "As Kennedy's motorcade passed through Dallas's Dealey Plaza at about 12:30 p.m. on November 22, Oswald fired three rifle shots from the sixth-floor, southeast corner window of the Book Depository, killing the President and seriously wounding Texas Governor John Connally. One shot apparently missed the presidential limousine entirely, another struck Kennedy and Texas Governor John Connally, and another struck Kennedy in the head. Bystander James Tague received a minor facial injury from a small piece of curbstone that fragmented when struck by one of the bullets.", "On November 24, Oswald was brought to the basement of the Dallas police headquarters on his way to a more secure county jail. A crowd of police and press with live television cameras rolling gathered to witness his departure. As Oswald came into the room, Jack Ruby emerged from the crowd and fatally wounded him with a single shot from a concealed .38 revolver. Ruby, who was immediately detained, claimed that rage at Kennedy’s murder was the motive for his action. Some called him a hero, but he was nonetheless charged with first-degree murder." ]	[ 6.9921875, 6.265625, 6.09375, 5.1796875, 4.51171875, 4.48828125, 4.2890625, 4.27734375, 4.20703125, 4.03515625, 4.02734375, 3.923828125, 3.59375, 3.359375, 3.19921875, 3.080078125, 3.04296875, 2.916015625, 2.728515625, 2.69921875, 2.650390625, 1.6806640625, 1.6806640625, 1.6259765625, 1.474609375, 1.3486328125, 1.16796875, 0.55078125, 0.5322265625, -0.421875, -0.45654296875, -0.6396484375 ]
Who founded General Motors in 1908?	[ "1908 - General Motors was founded by William Crapo \"Billy\" Durant. The company was formed by merging the Buick and Olds car companies.", "On September 16, 1908, one of Americas best known companies was born. That was the day that Billy Durant founded General Motors. When the local gossips heard what he had done, some were shocked because Durant actually made his first fortune betting against cars: he was the largest maker of carriages in the U. S. The recent UAW strike against GM has been hard on all parties, but both labor and management have good reason to come together and celebrate the man who started it all, ninety years ago this month.", "General Motors was founded by William C. Durant on September 16, 1908 as a holding company after a 15-year contract with the McLaughlin's of Canada. Initially, GM held only the Buick Motor Company, but it rapidly acquired more than twenty companies including Oldsmobile, Cadillac, and Oakland, now known as Pontiac. Durant signed a 15-year contract in Canada with the exchange of 500,000 shares of Buick stock for 500,000 shares of McLaughlin Stock. Dr. Campbell, Durant's son-in-law, put 1,000,000 shares on the stock market in Chicago Buick (then controlled by Durant).", "Having become a major force in the carriage industry, Billy Durant took over Buick in 1904, then, in 1908, founded the General Motors group. Ousted in 19 10, by 1915 he was ready to take over again via his Chevrolet company. However, a share crash in 1920 put him out of GM again, so he established a 'Second Empire' which survived until the Depression.", "The company was set up on September 16, in the year 1908, in Michigan. Charles Stewart was the co-founder of the company. General Motors was declared as the world's leading company in terms of auto sales from 1931 to 2007, the longest period through which any auto making company has been able to achieve record sales in history. After this, the company saw a certain level of downward movement, but it rose again in the year 2011 and emerged as the largest among all automakers, in terms of sales of vehicles. Having it's headquarter in Detroit, the company provides employment to more than 2 million people in more than thirty one countries, where it has its production units.", "Durant and Samuel McLaughlin of Canada signed a 15-year contract to build Buick powertrains at cost plus; they were called McLaughlin until 1942. Durant founded General Motors Holding Company on September 16, 1908, with $500,000 in Buick stock that Durant traded McLaughlin for $500,000 of McLaughlin stock, making McLaughlin one of General Motors' biggest shareholders. That same year, GM bought Buick and Oldsmobile, and started an automobile conglomeration on a major scale. In 1909 Durant bought Cadillac and Oakland, later called Pontiac, and many parts-manufacturing companies, paint and varnish companies, axle and wheel companies, etc., and merged them with GM.", "William Durant purchased the company in 1908 through his newly formed General Motors Company. It was then reorganized and moved to Owosso, Michigan after the city put up $30,000 towards the move. Trucks were produced there beginning in 1909 and marketed by Reliance Motor Truck Company. As a result of a merger between Rapid (the first branch of GMC) and Reliance, the General Motors Truck Company was organized as a sales company for Rapid and Reliance trucks.", "Durant and his main rival, Henry Ford, both envisioned mass appeal for the car. Ford, however, thought his company should be built around one standard car, his low-priced, no frills Model T. Durant, from his years in the carriage business, knew that if he were to prevail as the auto leader he needed many different types of vehicles to cater to different incomes and tastes. He scoured the country with the idea of having Buick merge with other companies that could carve out a niche in the auto market. He bought Cadillac for its luxury cars. He formed General Motors in 1908 by consolidating thirteen car companies and ten parts-and-accessories manufacturers.", "The history of General Motors (GM), one of the world's largest car and truck manufacturers, reaches back more than a century and involves a vast scope of industrial activity around the world, mostly focused on motorized transportation and the engineering and manufacturing that make it possible. Founded in 1908 as a Holding Company for McLaughlin and Buick Stocks and allied in 1919, in Flint, Michigan, as of 2012 it employs approximately 202,000 people around the world. With global headquarters at the Renaissance Center in Detroit, Michigan, United States, GM manufactures its cars and trucks in 35 countries. In 2008, 8.35 million GM cars and trucks were sold globally under various brands. The GM automotive brands today are Vauxhall, Buick, Cadillac, Chevrolet, GMC, Holden, Opel, and Wuling. Former GM automotive brands include McLaughlin, Oakland, Oldsmobile, Pontiac, Hummer, Saab, and Saturn.", "Cadillac was born in 1902, at the dawn of the twentieth century. Its founder, Henry Leland, a master mechanic and entrepreneur, named the company after his ancestor, Antoine de la Mothe Cadillac, born Antoine Laumet, the founder of Detroit. It was purchased in 1909 by General Motors and within six years, Cadillac laid the foundation for the modern mass production of automobiles by demonstrating the complete interchangeability of its precision parts, also establishing itself as America's premier luxury car . This is also the inspiration for the company’s crest, which is based on a coat of arms \"created\" by Detroit's founder, around the time of his marriage in Quebec, in 1687 (there is no ancient \"Cadillac\" family or coat of arms in France). Cadillac pioneered many accessories in automobiles, including full electrical systems, the clashless manual transmission and the steel roof. The brand developed three engines, one of which (the V8 engine ) set the standard for the American automotive industry . Cadillac is the first American car to win the prestigious Dewar Trophy from the Royal Automobile Club of England - having successfully demonstrated the interchangeability of its component parts during a reliability test in 1908; this spawned the firm's slogan \"Standard of the World\". It won that trophy a second time, in 1912, for incorporating electric starting and lighting in a production automobile.", "Cadillac was born in 1902, at the dawn of the twentieth century. Its founder, Henry Leland, a master mechanic and entrepreneur, named the company after his ancestor, Antoine de la Mothe Cadillac, born Antoine Laumet, the founder of Detroit. It was purchased in 1909 by General Motors and within six years, Cadillac laid the foundation for the modern mass production of automobiles by demonstrating the complete interchangeability of its precision parts, also establishing itself as America's premier luxury car. This is also the inspiration for the company’s crest, which is based on a coat of arms \"created\" by Detroit's founder, around the time of his marriage in Quebec, in 1687 (there is no ancient \"Cadillac\" family or coat of arms in France). Cadillac pioneered many accessories in automobiles, including full electrical systems, the clashless manual transmission and the steel roof. The brand developed three engines, one of which (the V8 engine) set the standard for the American automotive industry. Cadillac is the first American car to win the prestigious Dewar Trophy from the Royal Automobile Club of England - having successfully demonstrated the interchangeability of its component parts during a reliability test in 1908; this spawned the firm's slogan \"Standard of the World\". It won that trophy a second time, in 1912, for incorporating electric starting and lighting in a production automobile.", "Olds Motor Vehicle Company, Inc., the oldest unit of General Motors Corporation, was organized in 1887 by Ransom E. Olds with $50,000 of capital (5,000 shares of stock at $10 per share). On May 8, 1899, shortly after the appearance of the world's first Oldsmobile, Olds Motor Vehicle Lansing merged (with $500,000 capital) to form Olds Motor Works. The new auto company then constructed its first factory in Detroit, Michigan , specifically for the manufacture of premier U.S. automobiles.", "Frederic J. Fisher, founder of the Fisher Body Company (1908), which became a part of General Motors in 1926;", "General Motors was formed by the merger of several Detroit automotive concerns and became and remained the largest domestic auto manufacturer in the late 1920's.", "On October 26, 1909, General Motors Holding acquired the Cartercar Company, founded four years earlier in Jackson, Michigan , by Byron J. Carter . In explaining the reason he purchased Cartercar, Durant said:", "After a few trials building cars and companies, in 1903, Henry Ford established the Ford Motor Company. Ford introduced the Model T in October of 1908, and for several years, the company posted 100 percent gains.", "US motor manufacturer. He was a pioneer of mass production and had a profound influence on the widespread use of motor vehicles. In 1909 Ford produced his famous Model T, of which 15 million were made over the next 19 years at gradually reducing prices due to large-scale manufacture, a succession of simple assembly tasks, and the use of a conveyor belt. He went on to produce a cheap and effective farm tractor, the Fordson, which had a great effect on agricultural mechanization. Control of the Ford Motor Company passed to his grandson, Henry Ford II (1917–87), in 1945 and is now a huge multinational corporation. Among the first Henry Ford's philanthropic legacies is the Ford Foundation (established 1936), a major charitable trust.", "Ford Motor Co. was only 5 years old when founder Henry Ford unveiled what he dubbed \"the universal car\" Sept. 27, 1908.", "The Ford Motor Company (also known as simply Ford) is an American multinational automaker headquartered in Dearborn, Michigan, a suburb of Detroit. It was founded by Henry Ford and incorporated on June 16, 1903. The company sells automobiles and commercial vehicles under the Ford brand and most luxury cars under the Lincoln brand. Ford also owns Brazilian SUV manufacturer, Troller, and performance car manufacturer FPV. In the past it has also produced tractors and automotive components. Ford owns a 2.1% stake in Mazda of Japan, a 15% stake in Aston Martin of the United Kingdom, and a 49% stake in Jiagling of China. It also has a number of joint-ventures, two in China (Changan Ford Mazda and Ford Lio Ho), one in Thailand (AutoAlliance Thailand), one in Turkey (Ford Otosan), and one in Russia (Ford Sollers). It is listed on the New York Stock Exchange and is controlled by the Ford family, although they have minority ownership. It is described by Forbes as “the most important industrial company in the history of the United States.", "That same year, Cadillac, AC Spark Plug, and Rapid Motor Vehicle Company (predecessor of GMC Truck) of Pontiac, Michigan, were integrated into the GM family as well. Fortunately for the Ford Motor Company (1909), William Durant was denied a \"buy-out loan\" of $9.5 million by his bankers.", "Henry Ford (July 30, 1863 – April 7, 1947) was the American founder of the Ford Motor Company and father of modern assembly lines used in mass production . His introduction of the Model T automobile revolutionized transportation and American industry. He was a prolific inventor and was awarded 161 U.S. patents .", "General Motors Company, commonly known as GM, is an American multinational corporation headquartered in Detroit, Michigan, that designs, manufactures, markets, and distributes vehicles and vehicle parts, and sells financial services", "General Motors Corporation also known as GM, is a United States -based automobile maker with worldwide operations and brands including Buick , Cadillac , Chevrolet , Daewoo , GMC , Holden , Hummer , Opel , Pontiac , Saturn , Saab , and Vauxhall .", "Oldsmobile (1897) became part of GM in 1908. The following year, in 1909, General Motors acquired Cadillac (1902), Elmore (1893), Oakland (1907), plus some others. Note: The date in brackets indicating when the company was formed.", "One of the US car industry's first massproduction experts. He was hired by Ford as production manager in 1908, but left in 1909 to found EMF. Later, he founded the United States Motor Company group.", "Moreover, General Motors was now an international organisation: there were manufacturing plants in Britain and Germany, where GM had taken over Vauxhall and Opel to produce cars suited to the particular requirements of those markets, while sales outlets were operating in 125 countries. Chevrolets were assembled from Canadian-built components in Britain and Copenhagen, while Buicks had been built in Britain since before World War 1. The corporation had moved into a new element in the late 1920s by acquiring a number of aviation companies. Of these, the most successful was Allison, an Indianapolis-based firm which began building aero engines in the 1930s, and became a major producer in this field during World War II. GM also acquired the Fokker Aircraft Corporation and a 24 per cent interest in the Bendix Aviation Corporation. Fokker, later the General Aviation Corporation, was absorbed by North American Aviation in 1933, though GM retained their interest in this company and Bendix until 1948.", "Cadillac quickly gained a reputation for specializing in precise craftsmanship and for using standardized parts. The success of early Cadillacs like the Model A and the \"30\" made the brand a sales success, so much so that the automaker was purchased by General Motors in 1909. The marque became GM's luxury division, and its list of innovations grew. Cadillac was the first U.S. auto manufacturer to produce a V8, the first to use thermostatic control of a cooling system and the first to offer dash-controlled headlights. During the 1930s, the brand earned a strong reputation for producing powerful and smooth V12 and V16 engines.", "Started with Olds, then, in 1906, helped found Thornas-Detroit (later Chalmers). In 1909 he organized, along with Howard Coffin, the Hudson Motor Car Company. He was an active crusader for better roads for America.", "was the American founder of the Ford Motor Company and father of modern assembly lines used in mass production. His introduction of the Model T automobile revolutionized transportation and American industry. He was a prolific inventor and was awarded 161 U.S. patents. As owner of the Ford Motor Company he became one of the richest and best-known people in the world ", "General Motors Acceptance Corp., GM's financing arm and financial powerhouse, was established in 1919, as was the General Motors Institute in Flint. That same year, construction began on the General Motors Building in Detroit.", "In 1925, GM bought Vauxhall of England, and then in 1929 went on to acquire an 80% stake in German automobile manufacturer Opel. Two years later this was increased to 100%. In 1931, GM acquired Holden of Australia.", "as the American founder of the Ford Motor Company and father of modern assembly lines used in mass production. His introduction of the Model T automobile revolutionized transportation and American industry." ]	[ 8.75, 8.0625, 7.45703125, 6.1328125, 5.453125, 3.35546875, 2.71875, 1.4052734375, 1.2060546875, 0.61181640625, 0.54541015625, -0.505859375, -0.82421875, -0.85791015625, -0.99658203125, -1.349609375, -1.427734375, -1.4599609375, -1.61328125, -2.05078125, -2.216796875, -2.40625, -2.583984375, -3.341796875, -3.5546875, -5.296875, -5.703125, -6.09765625, -6.4375, -6.78125, -7.03515625, -7.125 ]
Nicoletta Mantovani hit the headlines through her relationship with which big figure in the entertainment world?	[ "Nicoletta Mantovani was studying natural sciences at university in her home city of Bologna when she first met operatic titan Luciano Pavarotti. She was 23. He was 58.", "The world's greatest tenor Luciano Pavarotti has been stunned by his wife's latest demand - a $120 million divorce settlement. Adua, his wife of more than 30 years, wants half her husband's net worth. But the tenor thinks his original offer of $40 million is more than enough. The couple are now locked in a fierce battle, much to the dismay of Pavarotti's young lover Nicoletta Mantovani. She wants him to just pay up and get it over with because she badly wants to start a family with the big man, but won't have children out of wedlock. Adua, on the other hand, has all the time in the world. She's only 60-something and could reasonably expect to outlive her husband and eventually collect all his fortune. Luciano was supposed to be in Hong Kong for a concert but cancelled, pleading that his best friend and the man who put him on the world stage, Tibor Rudas, has an ear infection and couldn't travel with him. I think that was just a cover-up,\" says one friend of the maestro. \"I'm hearing that the talks with Adua and their lawyers are at the crucial point. If they can just agree on a figure somewhere between his offer and her demand, he'll be a single guy within a matter of weeks.\"", "His first marriage came to an end when, in his 60s, he took up with his former personal assistant Nicoletta Mantovani, a woman 35 years his junior. Their wedding, in 2003, was celebrated by a banquet for 600 guests, including Sting, Bono and Donatella Versace. They had a daughter, Alice.", "On 13 December 2003, he married his former personal assistant, Nicoletta Mantovani (born 1969), with whom he already had a daughter, Alice. Alice's twin brother, Riccardo, was stillborn after complications in January 2003. Pavarotti is also survived by three other daughters by his first wife Adua, to whom he was married for 34 years: Lorenza, Cristina, and Giuliana. At the time of his death, he had one granddaughter.", "Madonna Louise Ciccone ( born August 16, 1958) is an American singer-songwriter, actress, and entrepreneur. One of the most prominent cultural icons for over three decades, she has achieved an unprecedented level of power and control for a woman in the entertainment industry. She attained immense popularity by pushing the boundaries of lyrical content in mainstream popular music and imagery in her music videos, which became a fixture on MTV. Madonna is known for continuously reinventing both her music and image, and for retaining a standard of autonomy within the recording industry. Music critics have praised her diverse and innovative musical productions which have also been known to induce controversy. Cited as an influence among numerous artists around the world, she is often referred to as the \"Queen of Pop\".", "Her fourth husband, concert producer David Gest , collects Shirley Temple memorabilia, and Tito and Michael Jackson shared best man duties at their wedding. While Gest and Minnelli were married, VH1 planned to air a reality show set in their reality, but the show was scuttled before its debut. According to VH1's lawsuit, Gest's behavior went \"far beyond the acceptable bounds of show business eccentricity\" -- he demanded that VH1 pay for his wardrobe, would not allow crew members to sit on the furniture, and repeatedly disrupted filming when he felt he did not look his best. During their divorce, Gest accused Minnelli of repeatedly beating him while they were married, while she claimed he had stolen $2 million.", "Every flamboyant entertainer from Elton John to Lady Gaga owes a debt to Wladziu Valentino Liberace, the American pianist who brought cheesy glamour to a postwar world that revelled in his grotesque expenditure and", "A bonafide supermodel with several films behind her, Campbell had risen to megastardom. Tabloids and gossip columns could not print enough about her personal life. She has been linked to Mike Tyson, Robert DeNiro, who Campbell initially denied dating but later revealed that they had a four-year relationship, and flamenco dancer Joaquin Cortes. Campbell was also briefly engaged to Adam Clayton, a member of the band U2. The rumor mill has also suggested romantic connections with Sylvester Stallone, Sean “P. Diddy” Combs, and Gabriel Byrne.", "Rob Thomas, American singer-songwriter (Matchbox Twenty); Michael Chang, American tennis player; Antonio Sabato Jr., Italian actor; Shaquille O'Neal, African-American basketball player; Elvis Stojko, Canadian figure skater; Jennie Garth, American actress; Jennifer Garner, American actress; Carmen Electra, American actress and singer; Dwayne Johnson, American professional wrestler and actor; Busta Rhymes, African-American rapper and actor; The Notorious B.I.G., African-American rapper (d. 1997); Wayne Brady, African-American comedian; Marlon Wayans, African-American actor, comedian and producer; Maya Rudolph, African-American actress, comedian; Wil Wheaton, American actor; Ben Affleck, American actor; Cameron Diaz, American actress; Chris Tucker, American actor; Gwyneth Paltrow, American actress; Eminem, American rapper and actor; Brad Paisley, American singer-songwriter and musician; Jenny McCarthy, American actress and model; Alyssa Milano, American actress; Jude Law, British actor; Joey McIntyre, American actor and singer (New Kids on the Block)", "As a young woman, the brunette with high cheekbones had a major modeling career and the love life to go with it. Bruni dated rockers Mick Jagger and Eric Clapton, tycoon Donald Trump and actor Vincent Perez. She has a young son, Aurelien, from a relationship with philosophy professor Raphael Enthoven.", "In 2012, Aniston received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame. She is one of the highest paid actresses in Hollywood, and as of 2014, her net worth is estimated to be 150 million. She has also been included in magazines' lists of the world's most beautiful women. People magazine named Aniston \"The Most Beautiful Woman\" in 2004 and 2016, and Men's Health magazine voted her the \"Sexiest Woman of All Time\" in 2011. Divorced from actor Brad Pitt, to whom she was married for five years, she has been married to actor Justin Theroux since 2015.", "Marrying (and getting divorced) became almost a second career, and became her principal claim to fame. She was still almost a child when she married Conrad (Nicky) Hilton, heir to the hotel fortune, in 1951. It was publicised as a marriage made in heaven but lasted only a few months. Subsequent evidence suggests that he beat her even on their honeymoon.", "Allegra Versace Beck (; born 30 June 1986), commonly known as Allegra Versace, is an Italian heiress and socialite. Since 2011 Allegra has been a director of Gianni Versace S.p.A. and has worked in New York City as a theatrical dresser. ", "She is believed to have married her manager and companion, Victor Dandre. This fact was never confirmed from her side as she kept her personal life a closely guarded secret.", "Magda Simon Senta Berger Emma Marcus Angie Dickinson Maj SaftrJames Donald Jacob Zion Luther Adler Ram Oren Stathis Gialleli_s A sher Conan Yul Brynner A bou lbn Sader Topol Vince Frank Sinatra", "February 22 - Former pop star Gary Glitter has been jailed for a total of 16 years for sexually abusing three young girls between 1975 and 1980. Glitter, whose real name is Paul Gadd, was sentenced for attempted rape, four counts of indecent assault and one of having sex with a girl under 13... P assing - Leonard Nimoy, the sonorous, gaunt-faced actor who won a worshipful global following as Mr. Spock, the resolutely logical human-alien first officer of the Starship Enterprise in the television and movie juggernaut “Star Trek,” died on Friday morning at his home in the Bel Air section of Los Angeles. He was 83... Kelly Osbourne is leaving Fashion Police, days after a racism row.It started when her co-host Giuliana Rancic commented on Disney star Zendaya's dreadlocks at the Oscars. She said the hairstyle made her think of the smell of \"patchouli\" or \"weed\".", "Price briefly dated several celebrities and sports stars including footballers Teddy Sheringham, Dwight Yorke, singer Gareth Gates, and Warren Furman (Ace from the television series Gladiators). During her much-publicised relationship with Dane Bowers of the boy band Another Level, she had an abortion after discovering he had cheated on her. A pornographic video the couple made together was stolen from their flat in 1999 and subsequently became a popular celebrity sex tape. ", "Isabella Rossellini was one of People Magazineï¿½s ï¿½50 Most Beautiful People in the Worldï¿½ in 1990 and 1991, and was one of Empire magazineï¿½s ï¿½100 Sexiest Stars in Film Historyï¿½ in 1995. When not modeling or acting, she sits in front of her desk writing books. So far, she has released two books, an autobiography titled ï¿½Some of Meï¿½ (1994) and ï¿½Looking at Meï¿½ (2002). As for her private life, the actress/model has been married twice. She first married director Martin Scorsese in 1979, but the couple divorced three years later. She then tied the knot with model Jonathan Wiedemann, and has one daughter with him. The relationship, however, also ended up in divorce. Rossellini also gained notoriety for her glamorous personal life with director/screenwriter David Lynch (together from 1986 to 1991), Gregory Mosher (dated 1996-1997) and actor Gary Oldman (engaged to be married as of July 1994; reportedly broke up in 1996).", "Hayden Panettiere had a late-night dinner with her fiancé, boxer Wladimir Klitschko, at hotspot TAO Downtown over the weekend. Our spywitness says the couple looked casual as the “Nashville” star sported jeans and a tank top. Earlier that evening, Susan Sarandon and boy toy Jonathan Bricklin, who is more than 30 years her junior, were also seen chowing down. The dining room was at capacity as 6-foot-11 New York Knick Amar’e Stoudemire strolled in and gave the menu a shot.", "Among these personalities there are the Italian Minister of Defence Ignazio La Russa , other Italian politicians like Alessandra Mussolini and Vittorio Sgarbi , the Re del Quiz (Quiz King) Mike Bongiorno , anchor men and journalists like Emilio Fede and Paolo Liguori, soccer players like Gennaro Gattuso , Francesco Totti and Marco Materazzi , singers like Giorgia and Jovanotti , showmen like Fiorello and Corrado Guzzanti , plus various other TV and Cinema actresses and actors.", "The buttocks of many celebrities have become famous, including those of Coco Austin, Jessica Biel, Vida Guerra, Scarlett Johansson, Kim Kardashian, Beyoncé, Jennifer Lopez, Carol Vorderman, Nicki Minaj, Shakira, Sofía Vergara, Serena Williams, Iggy Azalea, AJ Lee, Tom Cruise and Christopher Meloni. ", "Versace is the daughter of Italian fashion designer Donatella Versace and American ex-fashion model Paul Beck. She was raised outside Milan, Italy, with her younger brother Daniel, and was described as a \"serious, sensible and bright\" child, \"with her hair in pigtails and her nose in a history book\". Sir Elton John, whom she adored and called \"uncle\", gave her his first piano.", "Onassis remained the subject of considerable press attention, [165] most notoriously involving the paparazzi photographer Ron Galella who followed her around and photographed her as she went about her day-to-day activities, taking candid photos of her without her permission. [166] She ultimately obtained a restraining order against him, and the situation brought attention to the problem of paparazzi photography. [167] From 1980 until her death, her companion and personal financial adviser was Maurice Tempelsman , a Belgian-born industrialist and diamond merchant who was estranged from his wife. [168]", "Keith Urban is married to the Australian actress, singer Nicole Kidman . They got married in 2006. He has two daughters from the marriage. The second daughter was born from a surrogate.", "Kournikova started dating pop star Enrique Iglesias in late 2001 (she appeared in his video, \"Escape\"). Kournikova has consistently refused to directly confirm or deny the status of her personal relationships. In June 2008, Iglesias was quoted by the Daily Star as having married Kournikova the previous year and subsequently separated. The couple have invested in a $20 million home to be built on a private island in Miami. ", "Spanish actress and model Lorena Bernal and Spanish soccer player Mikel Arteta arrive at the 2008 European MTV Awards in Liverpool, England, Thursday, Nov. 6, 2008. (Joel Ryan/AP)", "He has a string of relationships since then lasting between and year and three. Some of his ex-flames include Kelly Preston, Sarah Larson, Elisabetta Canalis and Stacy Keibler.", "He was involved in a romantic relationship with Italian actress and model Isabella Rossellini. It was rumored that the duo got engaged in July 1994, however, they separated two years later.", "Angelica Cheung and Suzy Menkes at the Conde Nast International Luxury Conference in Florence, Italy (image courtesy of Vittorio Zunino Celotto for Getty Images)", "A difficult interviewee who has admitted to keeping his monumental ego in check since his return to TV, David has been married and divorced three times, which includes a brief 1980s union to actress Rachel Ticotin . He has a daughter, Greta, from that union. On the sly, Caruso was a co-owner of now long-defunct Steam, a clothing and furniture store in Miami, Florida. He and his current girlfriend (since 2005), Liza Marquez, have two children -- son Marquez Anthony and and daughter, Paloma Raquel.", "Deodato lives in Rome with his current partner, Micaela Rocco, and still works in movies and occasional TV series. He is rumored to be planning a sequel to \"Cannibal Holocaust\".", "Here’s a look at other celebrities who’ve conquered the universe, with (and sometimes without) their famous parents by their side." ]	[ 3.37890625, 2.373046875, 1.630859375, 1.1806640625, -1.4501953125, -2.974609375, -3.359375, -3.498046875, -3.509765625, -4.08984375, -4.25, -4.25390625, -4.28515625, -4.5078125, -4.5703125, -4.96484375, -5.20703125, -5.6640625, -5.66796875, -5.6796875, -5.69140625, -5.86328125, -6.1015625, -6.60546875, -6.69921875, -6.71484375, -7.5234375, -7.74609375, -8.1640625, -8.3125, -9.265625, -9.8984375 ]
What was Clive Sinclair's personal transport vehicle called?	[ "Knighted in 1983, Sinclair formed Sinclair Vehicles and released the Sinclair C5, a battery electric vehicle that was a commercial failure. Since then Sinclair has concentrated on personal transport, including the A-bike, a folding bicycle for commuters that weighs and folds down small enough to be carried on public transport.", "Knighted in 1983, Sinclair formed Sinclair Vehicles and released the Sinclair C5, a battery electric vehicle that was a commercial failure. Since then Sinclair has concentrated on personal transport, including the A-bike, a folding bicycle for commuters that weighs 5.5 kilograms (12 lb) and folds down small enough to be carried on public transport.", "Sir Clive Sinclair, inventor of the fabled C5 electric tricycle, road tests the revolutionary Segway scooter... and announces secret plans for another pioneering new personal transporter.", "The Sinclair C5 was first launched in the UK on the 10th January 1985. Created by the innovator and inventor Sir Clive Sinclair, most famous for his ZX80 and ZX81 personal computers from 1980, the C5 was a revolutionary electric vehicle weighing in at just 99lbs. The vehicle used a 33lb lead acid battery that powered a 250 watt Hoover electric motor similar to those found in washing machines. As the C5 was created to fall in line with the 1983 Electrically Assisted Pedal Cycle Regulations, this ruled that the vechicle's engine could not exceed 250 watts in power. This therefore gave the C5 a top speed of 15 mph with a claimed 20 miles battery life in between charges. The vehicle also had pedals for extra assistance up hills.", "The Sinclair C5 is a small one-person battery electric vehicle, technically an \"electrically assisted pedal cycle\". (Although widely described as an \"electric car\", Sinclair characterised it as a \"vehicle, not a car\".) It was the culmination of Sir Clive Sinclair's long-running interest in electric vehicles. Sinclair had become one of the UK's best-known millionaires and earned a knighthood on the back of the highly successful Sinclair Research range of home computers in the early 1980s. He now hoped to repeat his success in the electric vehicle market, which he saw as ripe for a new approach. The C5 emerged from an earlier project to produce a Renault Twizy-style electric car called the C1. After a change in the law prompted by lobbying from bicycle manufacturers, Sinclair developed the C5 as an electrically powered tricycle with a polypropylene body and a chassis designed by Lotus Cars. It was intended to be the first in a series of increasingly ambitious electric vehicles, but in the event the planned development of the followup C10 and C15 electric cars never got further than the drawing board.", "The Sinclair C5 was his first and most famous vehicle. Launched by Sinclair Vehicles Ltd in the United Kingdom on 10 January 1985, it was a battery-assisted tricycle with a top speed of 15 miles per hour (the fastest allowed in the UK without a driving licence). It was widely criticised for being impractical, if not dangerous, on the UK’s roads and in the British climate (a point reinforced by the January launch). By August of the same year production had ceased, with only 17,000 sold. 1", "In 1982 Sinclair converted the Barker & Wadsworth mineral water bottling factory into the company's headquarters. (This was sold to Cambridgeshire County Council in December 1985 owing to Sinclair's financial troubles.) The following year, he received a knighthood and formed Sinclair Vehicles Ltd. to develop electric vehicles, which resulted in the Sinclair C5 in 1985.", "In November 2010 Sinclair told The Guardian newspaper that he was working on a new prototype electric vehicle, called the X-1, to be launched within a year. \"Technology has moved on quite a bit, there are new batteries available and I just rethought the thing. The C5 was OK, but I think we can do a better job now.\" The X-1 was to have been available on July 2011 at the price of £595, however as of March 2014 the product still has not been released.", "Sir Clive Marles Sinclair (born 30 July 1940) is an English entrepreneur and inventor, most commonly known for his work in consumer electronics in the late 1970s and early 1980s.", "* 1980–1982: Home computers the Sinclair ZX80, ZX81 and ZX Spectrum produced by Sir Clive Sinclair (born 1940).", "When you got to Mr. Sinclair's private car, what if anything, did Mr. Sinclair give you?", "His vehicle, a dragster called Vampire, was theoretically capable of travelling at speeds of up to . The vehicle was the same car that in 2000, piloted by Colin Fallows, set the British land speed record at . The Vampire was powered by a single Bristol-Siddeley Orpheus afterburning turbojet engine producing of thrust. ", "On 25 July 1961, Clive Sinclair founded his first company, Sinclair Radionics Ltd. in Cambridge. Sinclair Radionics developed hi-fi products, radios, calculators and scientific instruments. When it became clear that Radionics was failing, he took steps to ensure that he would be able to continue to pursue his commercial goals: in February 1975, he changed the name of Ablesdeal Ltd. (an off-the-shelf company he bought in September 1973 for just such an eventuality) to Westminster Mail Order Ltd; this was changed to Sinclair Instrument Ltd in August 1975.", "Sir Clive Sinclair started to think about electric vehicles as a teenager, and it was an idea he toyed with for decades. In the early 1970s Sinclair Radionics was working on the project. Sinclair had Chris Curry work on the electric motor. However, the company focus shifted to calculators and no further work was done on vehicles until the late 1970s.", "Sir Clive Sinclair was a very rich, eccentric genius who amassed a fortune in the manufacture of revolutionary- indeed visionary- electronic devices and products. These include calculators, watches, meters, pocket TV's(1975), micro computers (1980), and home computers (1982- when computers were still in dedicated rooms).", "Edmonds was one of the original presenters of the BBC's motoring series Top Gear during the 1970s. During his time on the programme, he rubbished the Fiat Strada, saying it \"wasn't very good\", which caused Fiat to threaten to sue the BBC unless he apologised for the comments.[ citation needed ] Edmonds reappeared in one episode of Top Gear in the 1990s, to road test the classic 1960s Ford GT40 supercar, because current host Jeremy Clarkson - at 6 ft 5 in (1.96 m) tall - was unable to fit into the cockpit. Edmonds is one of a few people in the UK to own privately a GT40. [8] In September 2006, Edmonds admitted to men's magazine Loaded that he had travelled at speeds of up to 186 mph (299 km/h) in the car in the mid-1980s on the Tring Bypass in Hertfordshire , and to having sex in the back of a Range Rover . [9] In keeping with motor vehicles, Edmonds also starred in an advert for Austin Rover cars on British television during the mid 1980s[ citation needed ]. Also in the 1980s, he hosted a series on BBC1 called \"The Time Of Your Life\", where celebrities recalled the time they were at their happiest professionally. It ran for three series from 1983.", "Edmonds was one of the original presenters of the BBC's motoring series Top Gear during the 1970s. During his time on the programme, he rubbished the Fiat Strada, saying it \"wasn't very good\", which caused Fiat to threaten to sue the BBC unless he apologised for the comments.[citation needed] Edmonds reappeared in one episode of Top Gear in the 1990s, to road test the classic 1960s Ford GT40 supercar, because current host Jeremy Clarkson - at 6 ft 5 in (1.96 m) tall - was unable to fit into the cockpit. Edmonds is one of a few people in the UK to privately own a GT40 . [8] In September 2006, Edmonds admitted to men's magazine Loaded that he had travelled at speeds of up to 186 mph (299 km/h) in the car in the mid-1980s on the Tring Bypass in Hertfordshire , and to having sex in the back of a Range Rover . [9] In keeping with motor vehicles, Edmonds also starred in an advert for Austin Rover cars on British television during the mid 1980s[citation needed]. In the early 1980s he hosted a series on BBC1 called \"The Time Of Your Life\", where celebrities recalled the time they were at their happiest professionally. It ran for three seasons from 1981.", " Introduced at the 1948 Commercial Motor Show at Earls Court. Production followed in the autumn of 1949. It has been used for many different commercial roles from Royal mail and “Meccano” delivery vehicle to ice cream van.", "Since then, Sir Clive, as he was honoured, has maintained a low profile, and sadly very little has appeared under the Sinclair name. Sinclair products have a good following among collectors, where the innovative designs which make them stand out from the rest are greatly appreciated.", "The Jaguar XJ-S (later the Jaguar XJS), a luxury grand tourer, was produced by the British manufacturer Jaguar from 1976 to 1996. The XJ-S replaced the E-Type (also known as the XK-E) in September 1975, and was based on the XJ saloon. It had been developed as the XK-F, though it was very different in character from its predecessor. Although it never had quite the same sporting image, the XJ-S was a competent grand tourer, and more aerodynamic than the E-Type . The last XJS was produced on 4 April 1996, by then 115,413 had been produced during a 21-year production life. The model was replaced by the XK8.", "He wanted to see his son again before diving for cover, he said, and his sister Sameen, too. They agreed to “set it up.” Once it was dark, he was driven to Burma Road in an armored Jaguar. The armor plating was so thick that there was much less headroom than in a standard car. The doors were so heavy that if they swung shut accidentally and hit you they could injure you quite seriously. The fuel consumption of an armored Jaguar was around six miles to the gallon. It weighed as much as a small tank. He was given this information by his first Special Branch driver, Dennis (the Horse) Chevalier, a big, cheerful, jowly, thick-lipped man—“one of the older fellows,” he said. “Do you know the technical term for us Special Branch drivers?” Dennis the Horse asked him. He did not know. “The term is O.F.D.s,” Dennis said. “That’s us.” And what did O.F.D. stand for? Dennis gave a throaty, slightly wheezing laugh. “Only Fucking Drivers,” he said.", "Jaguar had a good idea. O'Driscoll would drive up the gentle slope of the Goodwood hillclimb in a historic bronze-hued XK120 coupe, the second right-hand-drive coupe produced. Fitted with a special Le Mans fuel tank, in August of 1952 it was driven on the banked track at Montlhï¿½ry in France at speeds of better than 100 mph by Stirling Moss among others to set nine speed records including four international marks. Still wearing the dust from its exploits, Jaguar LWK707 was a star of the subsequent London show and later at Paris.", "An XJ-S was featured in the BBC 's Top Gear television series. James May purchased one for the \"£1500 coupé that isn't a Porsche challenge\". He spent £1100 buying it, and it proved to be the least reliable car in the challenge. May later used a rather better XJ-S to successfully traverse much of France in another television programme, Oz and James's Big Wine Adventure.", "d. ^ The taxi driver's name was Robbie Tullock. He did not notice U-47 passing through his headlights. [8]", "Donald's Jaguar E Type with the registration number DC7. Donald had a taste for the high life - he was truly a jet-setter, with his own car and boat to prove it. He almost became a rocket man, before David Bowie immortalized the phrase.", "After the Second World War, sports car enthusiasts had very limited choice. And sure enough the launch in 1948, at the London Motor Show, of the new Jaguar roadster had everyone very excited. The model moniker - XK 120 - reflected the desire of the manufacturer to aim for a top speed of 120mph (190 km/h), a speed at that point a prerogative of racing machines only. Its all-enveloping body, sensual, tapered and with a flowing line, was quite in contrast to the more conventional bodies of the era, and its six-cylinder 3.4-liter dual overhead cam engine was extremely promising.", "Pitts Jaguar ‘XKD526’ was bought new by Cyril and ‘Geordie’ Anderson, longtime Jaguar enthusiast, occasional racing driver. It was a 1955 customer car, arriving in Australia in early 1956, Pitt chosen as the driver.", "The first step in a long chain of events leading to the Reliant Scimitar's birth came when British luxury carmaker Daimler decided to produce its SP250 Dart sports car. The Dart, an interesting but disappointing vehicle in most regards, led to poor sales at Daimler. Enter the second company involved with the Scimitar story, Ogle Design. The founder of this design house, David Ogle, created a one-off special based on the Daimler SP250. A proper grand touring car that was better thought-out than the original SP250, Daimler nevertheless declined the opportunity to purchase and produce the so-called SX250 for itself. Jaguar (the third player) purchased Daimler as sales continued to sag. Its image reinvented under Jaguar, Daimler now had no use at all for the SX250—but luckily a fourth company saw great promise in the SX250 design.", "Holden Special Vehicles (HSV) commences operation. It builds the fuel-injected V8 Holden Commodore SS Group A super car (VL series) ï¿½ a joint venture development by Holden and Tom Walkinshawï¿½s TWR. Holden exports the one millionth Family II four cylinder.", "In 1955, the \"2.4-Litre\" saloon (subsequently known as the 2.4 Mark 1) was the first monocoque (unitary) car from Jaguar. Its 2.4-litre short-stroke version of the XK engine provided 100 mph performance. In 1957, the 3.4-litre version with disk brakes, wire wheels and other options was introduced, with a top speed of 120 mph. In 1959, an extensively revised version of the car with wider windows and 2.4, 3.4, and 3.8-litre engine options became the Mark 2. The 3.8 Mark 2 was popular with British police forces for its small size and 125 mph performance.", "For 1966 there was a new small Sunbeam. The Imp Sport was, as its name suggests a performance derivative of the Hillman Imp. It received twin carburettors, extractors, a brake servo, reworked head and camshaft, etc, etc along with more upmarket interior trim. The Imp Sport and the 998cc Sunbeam Rallye Imp displaced the Tiger as Rootes’ main rally weapon in the late 1960s.", "In 1949, Kaiser-Frazer introduced the Vagabond and Traveler hatchbacks. Although these were styled much like the typical 1940s sedan, they incorporated an innovative split rear tailgate, folding rear seats, and no separate trunk. The design was neither fully a sedan nor a station wagon, but the folding rear seat provided for a large, 8 ft long interior cargo area. These Kaiser-Frazer models have been described as \"America’s First Hatchback\". " ]	[ 4.36328125, 4.17578125, 3.9296875, 0.420166015625, 0.32958984375, -0.3505859375, -0.59130859375, -0.91162109375, -2.66796875, -2.67578125, -2.796875, -3.958984375, -4.24609375, -4.35546875, -4.7421875, -4.9765625, -4.98828125, -5.44140625, -5.765625, -5.83203125, -6.07421875, -6.51953125, -6.74609375, -7.06640625, -7.328125, -7.6484375, -8.0546875, -8.5234375, -8.6328125, -8.7421875, -8.9453125, -9.1953125 ]
"Who designed Posh ""Spice Victoria Adam's wedding dress?"	[ "LONDON The sleekest Spice Girl on the rack has chosen Manhattan bridal baroness Vera Wang to make her wedding dress and soften her image. \"I don't want to be out-and-out sexy,\" Victoria Adams, better known to her fans as Posh Spice, told a British magazine. \"I want to do it in a subtle way.", "David Beckham and Victoria Adams tied the knot on July 4, 1999 at Luttrellstown Castle in in Ireland. Their son Brooklyn was the ring bearer. Victoria Beckham’s wedding gown was a strapless champagne colored gown with a 20 foot train designed by none other than Vera Wang, while David wore an ivory and cream suit. Victoria wore an 18-carat gold gold and diamond crown designed by jeweler Slim Barrett.", "Victoria wore a tightly fitting ivory wedding dress designed by Vera Wang. It was accessorized with a diamond coronet created for her by jewellery designer Slim Barrett . The bride’s attire was matched by David’s ivory and cream suit. Their purple party reception outfits were designed by Antonio Berardi pictured right.", "The wedding dress, which was worn by the then Princess Elizabeth for her marriage to the Duke of Edinburgh on November 20, 1947, and her coronation dress, worn in 1953, were designed by British couturier Sir Norman Hartnell.", "Beckham's pop star wife, \"Posh Spice\" Victoria Beckham, and his grandparents accompanied him to the palace for the ceremony. Victoria stole some of the limelight with a designer headpiece branching out like feathers or leaves.", "Kate is keen on Posh’s frocks well, it’s definitely Victoria beckham’s year. not only is she expecting her fourth child, the former Posh spice, who has won plaudits from the fashion world she now works in, is to send a selection of dresses from her collection to royal bride-to-be Kate Middleton. Kate has shown a lot of interest in Victoria’s dresses and thinks they would be just the ticket for formal and evening engagements. Victoria unveiled her autumn/winter collection (picture above) at New York Fashion Week last weekend, and said that she would be sending items from her current spring/summer collection to Kate.", "Victoria Beckham was born Victoria Caroline Adams on 17 April 1974 in Harlow, Essex, England, to Jacqueline Doreen (Cannon), an insurance clerk and hairdresser, and Anthony William Adams, an electronics engineer. She does not like being called Vicky. Instead, call her Posh, which stands for the best of everything (an old luxury liner term, P.O.S.H. stood for \"Port Out, Starboard Home\"-- the best rooms). Growing up, she didn't like being driven to school in her father's Rolls Royce (they were very wealthy; later, as Posh, she would have an image of someone who revels in wealth). Victoria began as a dancer before eventually landing a spot as a member of Spice Girls . While in college, Victoria was briefly in another band. After completing the 3-year course at Lanie Arts, she answered an ad in \"The Stage\" magazine, which was looking for 5 girls who could sing and dance. Victoria was picked, history was about to be made. (Victoria had met: Emma who had been in a play with her when they were kids; Geri while auditioning for a role in Tank Girl (1995); Mel C. attended a rival school when they were 15; and Mel B. at the audition for the forming of the band.) The Spice Girls became fantastically successful, achieving international fame. The wildly popular Spice Girls performed at sold-out concerts, did tours, and of course the Spice World (1997) movie. Victoria married soccer player David Beckham . The couple has four children.", "The wedding dress was designed by Norman Hartnell - a duchesse satin bridal gown with motifs of star lilies and orange blossoms. Princess Elizabeth had to use ration coupons to obtain the material.", "They married in the Cotswolds, where the model owns a country home, in July of the same year. A flurry of famous friends attended, including Paul McCartney and Naomi Campbell. Mario Testino took the official photographs and Moss wore a gown created by John Galliano. The occasion was documented in US Vogue.", "Updated Friday April 29, 12.31pm: <a href=\"http://www.vogue.co.uk/biographies/110317-sarah-burton.aspx\" target=\"_self\">Sarah Burton</a> of Alexander McQueen, who created Kate's royal wedding dress, has spoken for the first time about the commission:", "Sarah Burton , who took over as creative director of Alexander McQueen (a part of PPR) after the designer ’s suicide in 2010, designed a floor-length ivory dress for the bride that combined tradition with modernity. The long-sleeved dress, which narrowed at the waist and was padded at the hip (a signature of McQueen’s design), was made of white satin gazar and featured a lace-applique bodice that was handmade, along with the skirt, by the Royal School of Needlework. The skirt of ivory silk tulle incorporated the symbolic rose of England, thistle of Scotland, daffodil of Wales, and shamrock of Ireland . The bride wore a Cartier halo diamond tiara that was made in 1936 and given to Queen Elizabeth by her mother and a full veil made of Chantilly lace . Her train measured 9 feet (2.7 metres). The wedding dress and the name of its designer had remained shrouded in secrecy until the day of the wedding.", "The bride chose John Cavanagh of Mayfair to make her wedding dress. Cavanagh was Princess Marina’s favourite designer and she persuaded her future daughter-in-law to give him the task of creating the wedding dress. The dress was made of a shimmering white silk gauze with a pearlized motif. image The details on the dress were kept simple with a stand away collar and as series of buttons on the long fitted sleeves. The tight bodice fell into a full bell-shaped skirt with a long train. image The bride’s tulle veil was held in place with a small diamond tiara. image Katharine also wore a simple pearl necklace and earrings. The bride carried a small rose bouquet. image The dress out on display in London. image", "Jaclyn is wearing a Dressmaker Details Wedding Gown. Kate, Farrah and Cheryl are wearing Fashion Royalty Fashions. Both Farrah and Cheryl are wearing dresses designed by Jason Wu. French Day Bed is by www.RegentMiniatures.com", "As one of the most photographed women in the world, Princess Diana had plenty of major style moments throughout her life in the public eye. Her most memorable is quite possibly the voluminous ivory silk and taffeta and antique lace wedding gown designed by David and Elizabeth Emanuel. It was the occasion that officially ushered her into the royal family and introduced her to the world as a regal figure and international style icon.", "The wedding dress of Camilla Parker Bowles is the wedding dress worn by Camilla Parker Bowles at her wedding with Prince Charles on 9 April 2005 at Windsor Guildhall . [1] She wore an elegant cream silk dress and matching oyster silk basket weave coat. [2] The silk chiffon dress was hemmed with vertical rows of Swiss-made appliqued woven disks. She completed the outfit with pale beige suede shoes with almond-colored toes designed by L.K.Bennett , a Philip Treacy wide-brimmed cream-coloured straw hat overlaid with ivory French lace and feathers, and a purse made from embossed calf leather with a half flap closing and suede lining, from Launer’s “East/West” collection. [3] [4] Work on the outfit began on 21 February 2005, and the final fitting was made on 5 April. [4]", "As a teenager Lilibet's clothes were made by Miss Ford of Handley Seymour, who also made Queen Mary's clothes. Norman Hartnell, who was to be commissioned to create Princess Elizabeth's wedding dress, was already a favourite with both her mother and her grandmother. The simple cream dress that Elizabeth wore for her official engagement photographs could easily have belonged to her mother, so similar was the style. But fashion in the postwar days was austere, and it was a look that was to dominate until the launch of Dior's New Look in Paris in 1947.", "British supermodel Kate Moss wore a dreamy dress created by designer John Galliano for her wedding to guitarist Jamie Hince.", "After forming in 1993, each of the five members of the Spice Girls developed her own persona, with Victoria Beckham as \"Posh Spice.\" They released their debut album, Spice, in 1996, and it sold more than 20 million copies worldwide. Beckham later explored her love of fashion, developing a line of jeans called VB Rocks in 2004. In 2007, Beckham went on a reunion tour with the Spice Girls.", "'She was called Posh Spice because she always wore the best dresses and she knew everything about clothes. I said \"You should be in fashion. You should be a designer\".'", "USA TODAY's Lorena Blas here, and I'll be checking in with some celebrity news highlights this Sunday afternoon. A few weeks after Victoria (Posh Spice) and husband David Beckham announced they are expecting Baby No. 4 this summer, Emma (Baby Spice) Bunton has Tweeted that she and longtime beau Jade Jones are getting married.", "Known for dressing celebrities, stateswomen and fashionistas of all kinds, de la Renta's most recent famous moment came when he designed Amal Clooney's wedding dress just last month.", "Zandra Rhodes CBE (1940-) was born in Chatham, Kent. She was one of the new wave of British designers who put London at the forefront of the international fashion scene in the 1970s. Her designs are considered clear, creative statements, dramatic but graceful, bold but feminine. Rhodes's inspiration has been from organic material and nature. Her approach to the construction of garments can be seen in her use of reversed exposed seams and in her use of jewelled safety pins and tears during the punk era. With her bright green hair (later pink and sometimes red or other colours), theatrical makeup and art jewellery, she stamped her own clear identity on the international world of fashion. Rhodes designed for Diana, Princess of Wales, and continues to design for royalty and celebrities. She notably designed several outfits for Freddie Mercury. The early 80s gold ï¿½Royalï¿½ dress shown here comes from Zandra Rhodesï¿½s personal collection.", "69. Her dressmakers over the years have included Sir Hardy Amies, Sir Norman Hartnell, Karl-Ludwig Couture and Maureen Rose. Her milliners have been Frederick Fox, Philip Somerville and Marie O'Regan.", "'The fact that it was worn by international style icon Victoria Beckham on her wedding day adds even further interest to the piece, bringing it to the attention of a wider audience.'", "According to Us , Gisele and her three dogs were dressed by Dolce & Gabbana, who most recently dressed Fergie for her January nuptials to Josh Duhamel. Tom wore an Ermenegildo Zegna suit.", "Fashion designer Victoria, 42, was first with her moving tribute, sharing a snap of her embracing David shortly after becoming Mrs Beckham. She wrote: \"I feel so loved and truly blessed. My best friend, my love. The kindest man who inspires me every day. Happy birthday to the best husband and daddy in the world! EVER! #HappilyEverAfter.\"", "Michelle Smith, Milly: “Fresh and youthfully elegant, Kate’s dress struck a perfect balance between modernity and tradition. The lace overlay and fitted bodice brought to mind Grace Kelly’s wedding dress, updated with Kate’s signature plunging v-neckline and McQueen bustle at the back waist. Kate’s sister Pippa was also lovely, in her discreetly sexy, bias-cut column dress with deep cowl neckline and cap sleeves. Prince Harry, watch out!”", "Based on these Beckham wedding photos, David and Victoria Beckham had an absolutely lovely wedding day! They both looked absolutely radiant and I love the white theme! Victoria Beckham wasn’t quite the fashion icon then that she is now, so I’d love to know if she’d choose a similar dress/decor if she were to do it all over again today. Regardless, the Beckham wedding was perfect. Here’s hoping this couple goes the distance.", "But since leaving the Spice Girls, her fame at times has been eclipsed by her husband’s. She now spends her time on her own self-titled fashion label and her dresses are worn by A-listers across the globe.", "With her own esteemed fashion line, one would always expect Victoria Beckham to look glamorous. At this years British Fashion Awards, the former Spice Girl wore a baggy, backless black jumper paired with a long black and white shirt from her own brand. Though her ensemble wasn’t as dramatic as some of the other celebrities, she looked amazing and her outfit was put together with such flair that only Victoria Beckham has.", "with his wife. Other performers at the 2007 Victoria's Secret Fashion Show include the Spice Girls", "Victoria Beckham chose to adopt the lady of Spain look - stepping out in a sweeping flamenco-style dress." ]	[ 4.51171875, 3.427734375, 2.78515625, -2.123046875, -2.494140625, -2.509765625, -2.55078125, -2.642578125, -2.95703125, -3.4140625, -3.83203125, -4, -4.34765625, -4.7734375, -4.9453125, -4.98046875, -5.16796875, -5.2109375, -5.2578125, -5.30859375, -5.34375, -5.421875, -5.86328125, -6.19140625, -6.640625, -7.44140625, -7.6875, -7.890625, -8.8515625, -8.96875, -9.7109375, -9.9296875 ]
Who is Julian Lennon's step-mother?	[ "John Charles Julian Lennon (born 8 April 1963) is a British musician and photographer. He is the first child of John Lennon with his first wife, Cynthia. The Beatles' manager, Brian Epstein, was his godfather. He has a younger half-brother, Sean Lennon, and a stepsister, Kyoko Chan Cox. Lennon was named after his paternal grandmother, Julia Lennon. ", "Lennon has had a few relationships, but prefers to spend his time working on his music. He lives in New York and Los Angeles and visits his mom in England. He drives a 1957 green Austin-Healey Sprite. At 26, he shared a $250,000 trust fund with his half-brother Sean, which is separate from John Lennon's estate. Though he dearly loves his half-brother, Sean, his relationship to his step-mother remains prickly. Yoko Ono owns the whole John Lennon estate and Julian believes his step-mother sees him as someone only concerned with getting his hands on his late father's estate. He is concerned that John's family are taken care of in Liverpool.", "Cynthia Powell was born to Charles Edwin and Lillian Powell on September 10, 1939 in Blackpool, England. Is the mother of John Charles Julian Lennon, born April 8, 1963. John Lennon had planned to marry Cynthia Powell in a later date, but they had to get married too soon after she informed him that she was pregnant. Remarried to Roberto Bassanini, a restaurant owner, and John Twist, an engineer. Was involved with Jim Christie, a motorcycle teacher, and is presently involved with former nightclub owner, Noel Charles. Met John Lennon at Liverpool College of Art in Liverpool, England in 1957 but they got involved in the summer of 1958. Published her autobiography, \"A Twist of Lennon\". Her ex-husband, John, tried to prevent the book from being published and sued her for libel. John lost the case.", "His mother Julia was killed by a drunk driver when John was seventeen; his stepfather broke down at the news, and John had to go with the police to identify her body (he later named his first son [ Julian Lennon ] for her, and remembered his mother in the song \"Julia\", ten years after her death). His best friend and former band mate Stuart Sutcliffe died from a brain hemorrhage in 1962, when they were both 21; John asked Stuart's mother for the old scarf he'd worn to art school, and kept it as a memento.", "Cynthia Lennon, the first wife of former Beatles guitarist John Lennon and mother of Julian Lennon, died April 1, 2015 of cancer at her home in Spain. She was 75.", "Sorting out where Julian stands in the Lennon family firmament as he enters his sixth decade is as puzzling a prospect as ever. Just as friendly relations among the surviving ex-Beatles always seemed to be in an on-again, off-again mode, the same holds true for many of the Fab Four's children and past or present spouses and in-laws. The recurring rifts between Julian and his mum Cynthia Lennon on one side, and Yoko Ono and Sean Lennon on the other, represent one of the most intriguing divides of all.", "He started his solo career in 1968 with the decline of the Beatles after the \"Sergeant Pepper\" album and the death of their manager, Brian Epstein in 1967. Lennon had already met Yoko Ono in November 1966 at her art exhibition \"Unfinished Paintings and Objects\" at the Indica Gallery in London. He was intrigued by her book \"Grapefruit\" and they formed a bond which was to progress further into a relationship in May 1968. Lennon was divorced from his first wife Cynthia in 1968 (with whom he had a son Julian who was born in 1963).", "Ono had a difficult relationship with her stepson, Lennon's son Julian, which has improved over the years. He has expressed disappointment at her handling of Lennon's estate, and at the difference between his upbringing and Sean's, adding, \"when Dad gave up music for a couple of years to be with Sean, why couldn't he do that with me?\" More egregiously, however, Julian was left out of his father's will, and he battled Ono in court for years, settling in 1996 for an unspecified amount which the papers reported was \"believed to\" be in the area of £20 million, which Julian has denied.", "ummer of ’68, Lennon’s marriage to Cynthia, his wife of five years and mother of son Julian, was all but over, casualty of a budding romance/collaboration with Japanese avant garde artist Yoko Ono. McCartney, their oldest friend in the Beatles’ cloistered, fishbowl existence, continued to visit Cynthia and Julian in the midst of the estrangement. “I thought it was a bit much for them suddenly to be persona non grata and out of my life,\" Paul would later explain of his visits.", "This week comes news that Cynthia Lennon, Julian’s mom and John Lennon’s first wife, is endorsing a new book by May Pang.", "Scottish holiday: John Lennon and Yoko Ono, with their children Julian Lennon and Kyoko Cox, on holiday at Durness, in Sutherland, Scotland", "* John Lennon was the father of musician Julian Lennon by his first marriage, and musician Sean Lennon by his second marriage to artist/singer Yoko Ono.", "After the birth of all of his daughters, Mimi's father retired from sailing and found a job with the Liverpool and Glasgow Tug Salvage Company as an insurance investigator. He moved his family to the Liverpool suburb of Woolton, where they lived in a small terraced house at 9 Newcastle Road, which is close to Penny Lane. To help her mother, Mimi had to take a matriarchal role in the Stanley house, looking after the whole family. Despite this, Mimi wore sensible dresses, and always looked as if she was on her way to a weekly garden club meeting. [5] Mimi based everything on decorum, honesty, and a black-and-white attitude: either you were good enough or you were not. [5] Lennon's school friend Pete Shotton later commented that \"Mimi had a very strong sense of what was right or wrong\". [5] Annie Stanley died in 1945, so Julia Lennon had to take care of her father with help from Mimi. [6]", "John Lennon's ex-wife, Cynthia Lennon, dies Cynthia Lennon, first wife of John Lennon and mother of Julian, has died of cancer. Check out this story on USATODAY.com: http://usat.ly/1aj214a", "In May 1968, John Lennon and his wife Cynthia Lennon separated because of John's affair with Yoko Ono. The following month, Paul McCartney drove out to visit Cynthia and John's son, Julian, at Kenwood, the family's home in Weybridge. Cynthia had been part of the Beatles' social circle since before the band's rise to fame in 1963; McCartney later said he found it \"a bit much for them suddenly to be personae non gratae and out of my life\". Cynthia Lennon recalled of McCartney's surprise visit: \"I was touched by his obvious concern for our welfare ... On the journey down he composed 'Hey Jude' in the car. I will never forget Paul's gesture of care and concern in coming to see us.\"", "British song writer, musician, singer and noted family, the son of John Lennon and his first wife, Cynthia. With an uncanny resemblance to his father, Julian has spent some years trying to get out from under his father's musical shadow. Hidden in the background with his mother while his father became an international pop star with \"The Beatles,\" the young boy felt abandoned and rejected. He later said that he learned from his dad how not to be a father, speaking of all the pain he suffered from his father's neglect when he was a child. In an interview, he talked about Paul McCartney's kindness in visiting and playing games with him in the backyard when he was a kid while his dad remained absent with Yoko Ono. At one point, he said that McCartney felt more like a caring father than his own dad. McCartney wrote the song \"Hey Jude\" to Julian to help the kid cope with his parents marital break-up.", "Julian Lennon, the son of murdered Beatles star John, has revealed his bitterness that his father was so often absent. In a message posted on www.julianlennon.com, he blamed John's fear of fatherhood and his relationship with Yoko Ono for the distance that came between them.", "He regularly visited his cousin, Stanley Parkes, who lived in Fleetwood . Seven years Lennon's senior, Parkes took him on trips and to local cinemas. [14] During the school holidays, Parkes often visited Lennon with Leila Harvey, another cousin, often travelling to Blackpool two or three times a week to watch shows. They would visit the Blackpool Tower Circus and see artists such as Dickie Valentine , Arthur Askey , Max Bygraves and Joe Loss , with Parkes recalling that Lennon particularly liked George Formby . [15] After Parkes's family moved to Scotland, the three cousins often spent their school holidays together there. Parkes recalled, \"John, cousin Leila and I were very close. From Edinburgh we would drive up to the family croft at Durness , which was from about the time John was nine years old until he was about 16.\" [16] He was 14 years old when his uncle George died of a liver haemorrhage on 5 June 1955 (aged 52). [17]", "Lennon's first son, Julian, was born as his commitments with the Beatles intensified at the height of Beatlemania during his marriage to Cynthia. Lennon was touring with the Beatles when Julian was born on 8 April 1963. Julian's birth, like his mother Cynthia's marriage to Lennon, was kept secret because Epstein was convinced public knowledge of such things would threaten the Beatles' commercial success. Julian recalls how some four years later, as a small child in Weybridge, \"I was trundled home from school and came walking up with one of my watercolour paintings. It was just a bunch of stars and this blonde girl I knew at school. And Dad said, 'What's this?' I said, 'It's Lucy in the sky with diamonds.'\" Lennon used it as the title of a Beatles song, and though it was later reported to have been derived from the initials LSD, Lennon insisted, \"It's not an acid song.\" McCartney corroborated Lennon's explanation that Julian innocently came up with the name. Lennon was distant from Julian, who felt closer to McCartney than to his father. During a car journey to visit Cynthia and Julian during Lennon's divorce, McCartney composed a song, \"Hey Jules\", to comfort him. It would evolve into the Beatles song \"Hey Jude\". Lennon later said, \"That's his best song. It started off as a song about my son Julian... he turned it into 'Hey Jude'. I always thought it was about me and Yoko but he said it wasn't.\"", "Born and raised in Liverpool, Lennon was named after his paternal grandfather, John \"Jack\" Lennon, and Winston Churchill. His father, a merchant seaman during World War II, was often away from home and sent regular pay checks to Lennon’s mother, Julia. The checks stopped when Alfred Lennon went absent without leave in 1943. When he eventually came home in 1944, Julia was pregnant with another man’s child. He offered to look after the family, but his wife rejected the idea. Under pressure from her family, she handed the care of Lennon over to her sister, Mimi. In July 1946, Lennon's father visited Smith and took his son to Blackpool, secretly intending to immigrate to New Zealand with him. Lennon's mother followed them, and, after a heated argument, his father forced the five-year-old to choose between his parents. Lennon chose his father—twice. As his mother walked away, Lennon began to cry and followed her. Lennon then lost contact with his father for 20 years.", "He regularly visited his cousin, Stanley Parkes, who lived in Fleetwood. Seven years Lennon's senior, Parkes took him on trips and to local cinemas. During the school holidays, Parkes often visited Lennon with Leila Harvey, another cousin, often travelling to Blackpool two or three times a week to watch shows. They would visit the Blackpool Tower Circus and see artists such as Dickie Valentine, Arthur Askey, Max Bygraves and Joe Loss, with Parkes recalling that Lennon particularly liked George Formby. After Parkes's family moved to Scotland, the three cousins often spent their school holidays together there. Parkes recalled, \"John, cousin Leila and I were very close. From Edinburgh we would drive up to the family croft at Durness, which was from about the time John was nine years old until he was about 16.\" He was 14 years old when his uncle George died of a liver haemorrhage on 5 June 1955 (aged 52).", "Born and raised in Liverpool, Lennon became involved as a teenager in the skiffle craze; his first band, the Quarrymen, evolved into the Beatles in 1960. As the group disintegrated towards the end of the decade, Lennon embarked on a solo career that produced the critically acclaimed albums John Lennon/Plastic Ono Band and Imagine, and iconic songs such as \"Give Peace a Chance\" and \"Imagine\". After his marriage to Yoko Ono in 1969, he changed his name to John Ono Lennon. Lennon disengaged himself from the music business in 1975 to devote time to raising his infant son Sean, but re-emerged with Ono in 1980 with the new album Double Fantasy. He was murdered three weeks after its release.", "Lennon has been quoted as having a \"cordial\" relationship with Ono while getting along very well with her son, his half-brother Sean. Lennon saw Sean perform live for the first time in Paris on 12 November 2006 at La Boule Noire and he and Sean spent time together on Sean's tour in 2007. In commemoration of John Lennon’s 70th birthday and as a statement for peace, Lennon and his mother, Cynthia, unveiled the John Lennon Peace Monument in his home town of Liverpool, England, on 9 October 2010. ", "Born and raised in Liverpool , as a teenager Lennon became involved in the skiffle craze ; his first band, the Quarrymen , evolved into the Beatles in 1960. As the group disintegrated towards the end of the decade, Lennon embarked on a solo career that produced the critically acclaimed albums John Lennon/Plastic Ono Band and Imagine , and iconic songs such as \" Give Peace a Chance \" and \" Imagine \". After his marriage to Yoko Ono in 1969, he changed his name to John Ono Lennon. Lennon disengaged himself from the music business in 1975 to devote time to raising his infant son Sean , but re-emerged with Ono in 1980 with the new album Double Fantasy . He was murdered three weeks after its release.", "Julian Lennon told FOX411 last year , ahead of the Beatles' 50th anniversary, that he grew up living with his mom as his father traveled the world as a member of the Fab Four. ", "British rock singer, songwriter and guitarist John Lennon (1940 - 1980), of Beatles fame, with his son Julian, at their home in Weybridge Photo: GETTY", "Julian grew up in Liverpool, Wales and London. His father exposed the tot to an odd assortment of musician friends and hanger-ons when he returned from the recording studio. Lennon missed his father terribly when \"The Beatles\" went on concert dates. At five, Lennon gave his son a drum set, the same year that his parents divorced. Julian visited his father on alternate weekends. At 11, he owned his first guitar.", "Although Noel Gallagher has downplayed his relationship with Arthurs in recent years (claiming to have shared only a few hours of conversation with him in their six years in the same band, a claim he has always made - more convincingly - about Guigsy), he gave rather a different impression in 1995, stating \"being in a band with [Bonehead] is not miserable, 'cos that guy is like Peter Sellers and Rigsby combined, with less morals than either of them - he's just outrageous\". Noel is also godfather to the Arthurs' first child, Lucy Oasis Arthurs (born January 23 1995) and sometimes claims to have written \" Don't Go Away \" at Arthurs' request, for Arthurs' mother, Delia, who was dying of cancer at the time. This song is also cited as being about the Gallagher's mother, Peggy who had a cancer scare.", "John Lennon was such a bad father that he put his own son, Julian, off having children.", "McCartney's mother Mary was a midwife and the family's primary wage earner; her earnings enabled them to move into 20 Forthlin Road in Allerton, where they lived until 1964. She rode a bicycle to her patients; McCartney described an early memory of her leaving at \"about three in the morning [the] streets ... thick with snow\". On 31 October 1956, when McCartney was fourteen, his mother died of an embolism. McCartney's loss later became a point of connection with John Lennon, whose mother, Julia, had died when he was seventeen.", "McCartney's mother Mary was a midwife and the family's primary wage earner, enabling them to move into 20 Forthlin Road in Allerton, where they lived until 1964. She rode a bicycle to her patients; McCartney described an early memory of her leaving at \"about three in the morning streets ... thick with snow\". On 31 October 1956, when McCartney was fourteen, his mother died of an embolism. McCartney's loss later became a point of connection with John Lennon, whose mother, Julia, had died when he was seventeen.", "Grandmother of five boys and one girl, all born after her death: Mary McCartney 's three sons Arthur Alistair Donald (b. 3 April 1999) and Elliot Donald (b. 1 August 2002), and Sam Aboud (b. 11 August 2008) and Stella McCartney 's two sons Miller Alasdhair James Willis (b. 25 Feburary 2005), and Beckett Robert Lee (b. 8 January 2008), and daughter Bailey Linda Olwyn Willis (b. 8 December 2006)." ]	[ 6.328125, 2.916015625, 1.37109375, 0.1365966796875, 0.006404876708984375, -0.096923828125, -0.240478515625, -0.27734375, -0.310302734375, -0.4130859375, -0.75537109375, -0.81640625, -1.12109375, -1.142578125, -1.4052734375, -1.5546875, -1.65625, -2.20703125, -2.30859375, -2.6171875, -2.88671875, -3.107421875, -3.1328125, -3.30078125, -3.82421875, -4.796875, -5.515625, -5.7890625, -6.09765625, -6.10546875, -6.16796875, -7.1875 ]
Which American contralto was the first black singe to appear at the Metropolitan Opera?	[ "Nine years after Ms. Williams’s City Opera debut, contralto Marian Anderson became the first black singer to perform at the Metropolitan Opera. Anderson had drawn national attention in 1939 when, after being turned away from Constitution Hall because of her race, she stood on the steps of the Lincoln Memorial and sang “America” in a concert heard by millions on the radio .", "America contralto Marian Anderson (1897 - 1993) at home. Anderson was the first African-American singer to perform at the Metropolitan Opera House in New York. (Photo by London Express/Getty Images)", "Because the libretto specifies that the character Ulrica be “negro” in the American setting, Un ballo in maschera incidentally played a role in the history of African American civil rights . American contralto Marian Anderson sang the role of Ulrica at the Metropolitan Opera in New York City on January 7, 1955, thereby becoming the first African American to appear with the company.", "Marian Anderson - Brief Summary - An African American operatic and concert singer that was renowned thoughtout the world for her extraordinary contralto voice. The first African American to sing at the Metropolitan Opera. The following web resource has related information: Marian Anderson - A Voice of Hope", "In the 20th century, especially after a 1935 production in Copenhagen , many modern stagings have restored the original Swedish setting and characters' names. [10] On 7 January 1955, [11] Marian Anderson , singing the role of Ulrica, broke the \"color barrier\" at the Metropolitan Opera , becoming the first African-American vocal soloist to appear with that company. [12]", "Marian Anderson (February 27, 1897 – April 8, 1993)[1] was an American contralto and one of the most celebrated singers of the twentieth century. Music critic Alan Blyth said: “Her voice was a rich, vibrant contralto of intrinsic beauty.”[2] Most of her singing career was spent performing in concert and recital in major music venues and with famous orchestras throughout the United States and Europe between 1925 and 1965. Although offered roles with many important European opera companies, Anderson declined, as she had no training in acting. She preferred to perform in concert and recital only. She did, however, perform opera arias within her concerts and recitals. She made many recordings that reflected her broad performance repertoire of everything from concert literature to lieder to opera to traditional American songs and spirituals.[2] Between 1940 and 1965 the German-American pianist Franz Rupp was her permanent accompanist.[3]", "Robert McFerrin Sr. (1921-2006) - Born in Marianna on March 19, 1921, McFerrin was the first African-American male to sing at the Metropolitan Opera in New York City. Los Angeles Times critic Albert Goldberg described his voice as “\"a baritone of beautiful quality, even in all registers, and with a top that partakes of something of a tenor's ringing brilliance.\" Father of Grammy Award-winning singer/musician Bobby McFerrin, he made his New York City Opera debut as Popaloi in the premier of William Grant Still ’s Haitian opera, Troubled Island. Still is also an Arkansas native.", "Gloria Davy , a Brooklyn-born soprano who was the first African-American to sing Aida with the Metropolitan Opera , died on Nov. 28 in Geneva. She was 81.", "Known for: New York Metropolitan Opera soprano 1960 – 1985; one of the most popular opera sopranos of recent history, known as the first black American-born prima donna; she was the first black opera singer on television", "Marian Anderson (February 27, 1897 – April 8, 1993) was an American contralto and one of the most celebrated singers of the twentieth century. Music critic Alan Blyth said: \"Her voice was a rich, vibrant contralto of intrinsic beauty.\" Most of her singing career was spent performing in concert and recital in major music venues and with famous orchestras throughout the United States and Europe between 1925 and 1965. Although offered roles with many important European opera companies, Anderson declined, as she had no training in acting. She preferred to perform in concert and recital only. She did, however, perform opera arias within her concerts and recitals. She made many recordings that reflected her broad performance repertoire of everything from concert literature to lieder to opera to traditional American songs and spirituals. Between 1940 and 1965 the German-American pianist Franz Rupp was her permanent accompanist. ", "Marian Anderson (February 27, 1897 – April 8, 1993) was an African-American contralto and one of the most celebrated singers of the twentieth century. Music critic Alan Blyth said \"Her voice was a rich, vibrant contralto of intrinsic beauty.\" Most of her singing career was spent performing in concert and recital in major music venues and with famous orchestras throughout the United States and Europe between 1925 and 1965. Although offered roles with many important European opera companies, Anderson declined, as she had no training in acting. She preferred to perform in concert and recital only. She did, however, perform opera arias within her concerts and recitals. She made many recordings that reflected her broad performance repertoire of everything from concert literature to lieder to opera to traditional American songs and spirituals.", "Anderson became an important figure in the struggle for black artists to overcome racial prejudice in the United States during the mid-twentieth century. In 1939, the Daughters of the American Revolution (DAR) refused permission for Anderson to sing to an integrated audience in Constitution Hall. The incident placed Anderson into the spotlight of the international community on a level unusual for a classical musician. With the aid of First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt and her husband Franklin D. Roosevelt, Anderson performed a critically acclaimed open-air concert on Easter Sunday, April 9, 1939, on the steps of the Lincoln Memorial in Washington, D.C. She sang before a crowd of more than 75,000 people and a radio audience in the millions. Anderson continued to break barriers for black artists in the United States, becoming the first black person, American or otherwise, to perform at the Metropolitan Opera in New York City on January 7, 1955. Her performance as Ulrica in Giuseppe Verdi’s Un ballo in maschera at the Met was the only time she sang an opera role on stage.", "Marion Anderson was a wonderful pioneer, a glorious contralto who almost single-handedly broke the mould that in her younger days barred black singers from most of America’s lyric theatres, even the Met. By the end of her career she was hailed as a great American as well as a wonderful singer. In her younger days she was regarded as an embarrassment; a woman who lived in the land of the free but it wasn’t so free if you were black, however talented. These songs, including a few patriotic ones, as well as some arias, show the power of her voice and the quality of her musicianship. The tragedy is that she never sang much opera, because she felt she hadn’t been properly trained for it. Our loss as well as hers. A great and glorious voice, which at Alto prices, any lover of great singing should explore.", "When Marian Anderson took the stage at New York’s Metropolitan Opera on this day in 1955, TIME wrote , “there were more Negroes in the audience than anyone had ever seen at the Met.” The reason was clear:", "Known for: critically acclaimed solo performances of lieder, opera and American spirituals; dignified determination to succeed despite the “color barrier”; first black performer at the Metropolitan Opera", "Judy Garland (born Frances Ethel Gumm; June 10, 1922 – June 22, 1969) was an American actress and singer. Through a career that spanned 45 of her 47 years, Garland attained international stardom as an actress in musical and dramatic roles, as a recording artist and on the concert stage. Respected for her versatility, she received a Juvenile Academy Award, won a Golden Globe Award, received the Cecil B. DeMille Award for her work in films, as well as Grammy Awards and a Tony Award. She had a contralto singing range.", "Marian Anderson, the most celebrated contralto of the twentieth century, was born in Philadelphia on February 27, 1897 to an African-American family of modest means. Living at Fitzwater and Martin Streets in South Philadelphia, her father sold coal and ice and her mother was originally a school teacher.", "Camilla Williams, an acclaimed soprano who in 1946 became the first black woman to appear in a leading role with a major American opera company — in the title role of “Madame Butterfly” — and who sang the national anthem at the 1963 March on Washington, died Jan. 29 at her home in Bloomington, Ind.", "Camilla Williams, left, as Cio-Cio-San and Margery Mayer as Suzuki in the 1946 production of “Madame Butterfly” at the New York City Opera. Williams, an African American soprano, became the first black woman to appear in a leading role with a major American opera company. (Courtesy of Fred Fehl/New York City Opera)", "La bohï¿½me continued to gain international popularity throughout the early 20th century and the Opï¿½ra-Comique alone had already presented the opera one hundred times by 1903. The Belgian premiere took place at La Monnaie on 25 October 1900 using Ferrier's French translation with Marie Thiï¿½rry as Mimï¿½, Lï¿½on David as Rodolfo, Eugï¿½ne-Charles Badiali as Marcello, sets by Pierre Devis, Armand Lynen, and Albert Dubosq, and Philippe Flon conducting. The Metropolitan Opera staged the work for the first time on 26 December 1900 with Nellie Melba as Mimï¿½, Annita Occhiolini-Rizzini as Musetta, Albert Salï¿½za as Rodolfo, Giuseppe Campanari as Marcello, and Luigi Mancinelli conducting.", "The immediate post-Bing era saw a continuing addition of African-Americans to the roster of leading artists. Kathleen Battle, who in 1977 made her Met debut as the Shepherd in Wagner's Tannhäuser, became an important star in lyric soprano roles. Bass-baritone Simon Estes began a prominent Met career with his 1982 debut as Hermann, also in Tannhäuser.", "Ms. Williams , a native of southern Virginia, was considered a matriarch among African American opera singers. During the first half of the 20th century, opera houses had excluded black musicians, either by relegating them to minor roles or refusing to book them at all.", "in 2010 - Blanche Thebom dies at age 91. American mezzo-soprano born in Monessen, Pennsylvania. Blanche sang with the Metropolitan Opera in New York City for almost twenty years and is well known for her performance of the role of Brangane in Tristan und Isolde in a recording with Kirsten Flagstad and Ludwig Suthaus, conducted by Wilhelm Furtwï¿½ngler . After her retirement from the Metropolitan 1960, she taught and directed opera performance in Atlanta and Little Rock until around 1980. She also appeared in summer theatre revivals of Broadway musicals such as The Sound of Music, as the Mother Abbess in Atlanta", "Vocalist Nellie Melba (1861-1931) rose from a childhood in provincial Australia to become a world-renowned opera soprano who performed regularly at London's Covent Garden and the Metropolitan Opera in New York. A diva with a commanding stage presence and a beautiful voice, Melba was the out-standing coloratura of her era and one of the biggest celebrities of the early 20th century.", "in 2002 - Eileen Farrell dies at age 82. American opera and concert soprano singer, she preferred the concert hall and radio to the theatre. Born in Willimantic, Connecticut, but raised in Woonsocket, Rhode Island, in 1942 she made her concert debut on CBS radio where she soon presented her own radio program. During 1947ï¿½1948, she toured the US as a concert singer, and in 1949 she toured South America. Her song recital in New York in October 1950 was enthusiastically acclaimed and secured for her immediate recognition. That year, she also appeared in a concert performance of Berg's Wozzeck as Marie. In 1952, she was engaged by Toscanini for his first and only studio recording of Beethoven's Ninth Symphony with the NBC Symphony Orchestra. In the 1955 film Interrupted Melody, which starred Eleanor Parker as Australian soprano Marjorie Lawrence, Eileen supplied the singing voice for Ms. Parker. Throughout the 1960s she was a frequent soloist with the New York Philharmonic under the direction of Leonard Bernstein. From 1971 to 1980, Eileen was professor of music at the Indiana University School of Music in Bloomington. In the 1980's she recorded some pop albums and also made several recordings of blues music as well as the duet with Frank Sinatra on his \"Trilogy\" album, in which they sang a version of the country music hit \"For the Good Times\"", "A native of New York City, began her career with The Chautauqua Symphony singing The Strawberry Woman in Gershwin's timeless masterpiece Porgy and Bess. Ms. Carten has sung several roles in this opera to national and international acclaim. She made her New York City Opera debut as Maria and most recently her debut in The Royal Danish Opera Theater's historic performance as Serena. Ms. Carten has sung the role of Queenie on the national Broadway tour of Hal Prince's Showboat and was also The Blues Singer in One Night with Janis Joplin to rave reviews. Ms. Carten is the recipient of The Los Angeles Drama Critics' Cirlce Award for Best Supporting Actress in a Musical for her role as the Blues Singer as well as The NAACP Theater Award for Best Supporting Actress in a Musical.", "She appeared as a soloist in Beethoven's Missa solemnis with Toscanini and the NBC Symphony Orchestra in 1953, and subsequently sang with many other important American orchs. She made her London debut in 1956 with Beecham and the Royal Philharmonic, and began a series of world concert tours in 1960; began singing as a mezzo-soprano in the mid-1970s. Although she gave her official farewell performance at a Toronto concert on Dec. 10, 1982, she made occasional appearances in subsequent years. She was made a Companion of the Order of Canada (1968). - Died at Toronto, Feb. 19, 1997.", "Entertainer and singer, born in North, South Carolina, USA. She studied at the New York School of the Performing Arts, and made her New York debut as a member of Katherine Dunham's dance troupe in 1945. She toured throughout Europe, and was cast by Orson Welles in his production of Dr Faustus (1951). Her vocal vibrancy, fiery personality, and cat-like singing voice made her a top international cab…", "She went on to study singing and opera with Carl Ebert , Jan Popper, Boris Goldovsky and Sarah Caldwell . She embarked on a varied career, involving film and musical comedy as well as opera and concerts. She appeared extensively on American television, dubbed the singing voices of film actresses in The King and I , West Side Story and My Fair Lady , and acted in several commercial stage ventures. Her light, flexible, wide-ranging soprano and uncanny accuracy and musicianship have made her valuable in more classical ventures, and have contributed to her success in works by Anton Webern , Igor Stravinsky , Charles Ives , Paul Hindemith and Alexander Goehr , many of which she has recorded.", "But it was on the Broadway stage that she began her career and where she continued to perform on and off for six decades in comedies and musical drama. She understudied Ethel Merman in Call Me Madam; and brought the house down in Pal Joey singing Zip in the famous 1946 revival. Stephen Sondheim gave her one of his greatest songs, Here’s to the Ladies Who Lunch, in Company, in which she played beady-eyed lush Joanne in the original 1970 production. One reviewer noted that “she can race through the gears from a savage purr to an air-raid siren howl in five seconds without ever losing a note of the melody”.", "She frequently performed jazz, big band, and pop music, on the Broadway stage and in concerts, although she began her career in the 1920s singing blues. Her best-known recording was her version of the spiritual , “ His Eye is on the Sparrow “, and she was the second African American ever nominated for an Academy Award .", "She began her vocal training at age 12 with Weldon Kilburn, whom she married in 1968; also studied lieder interpretation with Emmy Heim (1947-50). She first gained notice as a soloist in Bach's St. Matthew Passion with Sir Ernest MacMillan and the Toronto Symphony Orchestra (1947). In 1952 she made her operatic stage debut as the Queen of the Night in Toronto, won the Naumburg Award, and made her N.Y. recital debut." ]	[ 7.76171875, 7.375, 6.19921875, 5.44140625, 4.1171875, 2.720703125, 1.142578125, 1.107421875, 0.501953125, -0.140869140625, -0.240966796875, -0.307373046875, -0.485595703125, -0.619140625, -0.86962890625, -1.3017578125, -1.5185546875, -2.404296875, -3.51953125, -3.8203125, -4.14453125, -4.3984375, -4.7421875, -5.25390625, -6.4453125, -7.10546875, -7.23828125, -7.48046875, -7.53125, -7.73046875, -8.171875, -8.203125 ]
Which American was the first ever person to retain an Olympic springboard diving title?	[ "Paris, 1924: Albert White, a 29-year-old from Northern California, became the first person in Olympic history to win the platform and springboard events at the same Games. However, White did not make a clean sweep of the competition because Australia's Dick Eve took the last Olympic title awarded in the plain high-dive (no twists or somersaults) event.", "The most successful diver in Olympic history is America's Greg Louganis, who won four gold medals (two each in 1984 and 1988), while the youngest diving champion - and the youngest individual champion in any sport at a summer Games - is Marjorie Gestring, an American, who won the springboard title in 1936 at the age of 13 years and 268 days.", "Barcelona, 1992: With the brilliance of Gaudi's La Sagrada Familia cathedral as a backdrop, 16-year-old Sun Shuwei of China starred, becoming the youngest diver to win a men's Olympic title. With Greg Louganis retired, Sun, the pre-Games favorite, took the lead on the fourth dive of the final and never relinquished it. American Mark Lenzi succeeded Louganis as springboard champion.", "1936 - Berlin, Germany was host to the Olympics and the youngest winner of a gold medal (to that day). The U.S.A.ï¿½s 13-year-old diver, Marjorie Gestring, won the springboard event.", "Controversial judging prevented the United States from winning all four diving events, which had become almost customary. Pat McCormick again took gold medals in both the springboard and the platform, and Bob Clotworthy won the men’s springboard. However, Gary Tobian was given unusually low scores by the Soviet and Hungarian judges, and he finished second by just .03 to Mexico’s Joaquim Capilla in the platform event.", "Rome, 1960: In Rome, Ingrid Kraemer, an East German teenager, became the first non-American woman to win an Olympic springboard title. After breaking a streak of eight straight U.S. victories in that event, Kraemer made it four consecutive Games at which a woman completed the platform/springboard golden double.", "Atlanta, 1996: After a disappointing fifth-place finish in the springboard ended favored Dmitry Sautin's hopes of becoming the first non-American man to win both the springboard and the platform titles, the \"Russian Gladiator\" roared back to salvage gold in the platform. The 22-year-old, who competed with an injured left wrist, trailed Germany's Jan Hempel by less than three points after the semifinal, but took the lead on the first of six final dives and never looked back. In a finishing flourish, the Russian scored the only perfect 10 of the event on his final dive.", "Antwerp, 1920: At 14 years old and 4-foot-7, Aileen Riggin of the U.S. was small in stature and experience but came up big in Belgium, winning the inaugural women's Olympic springboard competition. The gold medal was the first of many impressive accomplishments for the Rhode Island native, who, in addition to winning Olympic diving and swimming medals in 1924, went on to act in several motion pictures and became one of the first American female sportswriters.", "LEFT: Louganis strikes his head on the springboard in the 1988 Olympic Games. RIGHT: The next day, his bandaged wound can be seen as he completes a gold-winning dive. (© AP Images)", "Desjardins, Pete Canadian-born American diver who won a silver medal in the springboard at the 1924 Olympics in Paris and gold medals in the springboard and platform events at the 1928 Games in Amsterdam, an achievement that was not matched by a male diver until Greg...", "The U.S., a one-time diving superpower, didn't win any medals at the 2004 Athens Olympics or the 2008 Beijing Games. Laura Wilkinson was the last American medalist, winning platform gold at the 2000 Sydney Games.", "Mark Andrew Spitz (born February 10, 1950) is an American former competition swimmer, nine-time Olympic champion, and former world record-holder in seven events. He won seven gold medals at the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich, an achievement surpassed only by Michael Phelps, who won eight golds at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing. Spitz set new world records in all seven events in which he competed in 1972.", "Thomas Finchum ended up making American diving history after all...Except it wasn't history with a storybook ending....For the first time, someone finished second at the Olympic Trials and did not qualify for the Olympics. That someone was Finchum, 14, of Indianapolis, who has become big in the sport despite his 5-3, 92-pound dimensions.", "Swimming was dominated by the United States and East Germany. Only David Wilkie of Great Britain stood between the Americans and a clean sweep of the men's medals as he took gold in the 200m breaststroke. Kornelia Ender won four golds in the women's events as East Germany took 11 out of 13. In diving, Klaus Dibiasi of Italy won a third successive gold in the men's platform and, added to his silver from Tokyo in 1964, became the first diver to win medals at four editions of the Games.", "Was the first person to win a medal in both swimming and diving in the olympics. In the 1920 Antwerp games, she won gold in the Springboard category. Four years later in the 1924 Paris games, she won a silver medal for springboard diving and a bronze in the 100m backstroke.", "Coleman, Georgia American diver, the first woman to perform a forward 2 1 2 somersault dive in competition. She won several Olympic medals, including a gold in the springboard event. Coleman had been diving for just six months when she entered the 1928 Olympic Games...", "* Irina Kalinina (USSR) won gold in the springboard final. As a result of her ten dives in the preliminaries she amassed a unique number of points: 478.86. In the previous four years no diver had scored so many.", "Louganis earned a spot in sports history when he won gold medals in springboard and platform diving competitions at the 1984 and 1988 Olympics.", "Boggs, Phil American diver who won a gold medal in springboard diving at the 1976 Olympic Games in Montreal. After competing at Florida State University (1967–71), Boggs enlisted in the U.S. Air Force. While in the service, he continued diving, winning the world...", " Aug. 5, 2016 American Sam Dorman practices a dive at the Maria Lenk Aquatic Center. Wong Maye-E/AP", "David Boudia pulling off the diving performance of his life to win the gold medal in the men's 10m platform against the heavily-favored Chinese a la Matthew Mitcham. What makes this even more amazing is that he barely qualified for the semifinals and that it had been 20 years since the last time an US diver had even gotten on the podium in this event. Honorable mention goes to 18-year-old Tom Daley who managed to nab a rare diving medal for Britain in third place too.", "The three-and-a-half reverse somersault with tuck – officially known as dive 307C – is one of the most difficult in the sport. It was added to the table of dives in September 1982, and Greg Louganis started working on it immediately. Initially he stayed on the ground, using a spotting belt – a device used to help gymnasts practise particularly complicated dismounts – until he had perfected the action. When it was time for him to first attempt the dive for real, Louganis climbed up to the platform, 10m – a little higher than two double decker buses – above his practice pool, and froze.", "1964 - Klaus Dibiasi wins his silver in Diving, Highboard at Tokyo. He will later add three golds", "But in a stirring display of perseverance and determination, the American returned to the diving board 35 minutes after the incident, a two-inch wound in his scalp. One day and five stitches later, he won a gold medal in the final to cap his second consecutive Olympic victory in the springboard. It was an outstanding performance.", "In 18 years, Louganis had by conservative estimate launched himself off a springboard about 200,000 times without ever once injuring himself, and it was nearly a decade since his one and only misjudgment on the platform. It wasn’t much of a risk. But everybody knows what happened next: in Seoul, after eight rounds of the springboard heats and with Louganis leading by eight points, he left the board too straight while attempting a reverse two and a half somersault in pike position and clattered his head as he straightened out. “I jumped off the board and heard this big clank,” he said later that day. “That’s my perception of the dive – I think my pride was hurt more than anything.”", "Montreal, 1976: Jennifer Chandler, a 17-year-old from Birmingham, Ala., had burst onto the scene a year earlier, winning the 1975 Pan American Games title. Against tougher competition in Montreal, she didn't wilt, surprising a field that included two former world champions to become America's 10th different winner of women's springboard gold.", "The Olympic debut of men’s diving was in 1904 in St. Louis, Missouri. Women’s diving was introduced at the 1912 games in Stockholm, Sweden.", "The Vertical blue comp was the pivotal point, and the start of what I will term as “my free diving career” Standing at the side of Deans Blue hole, which is absolutely stunning with soft pure white sand, and the most mesmerizing blue water, I slowly and very surely made my way into the water. I had 2 options – walk out into the bay, where the water was only waist deep for probably 75m, or get straight into the hole, which is approx 25m in diameter and 200+m deep. I decided to jump in boots and all. With the confidence I had with the floatation of the wetsuit that I found at the last competition, I made my way out to the platform. Once I stood on that platform and saw the most mind blowing sights of the blue hole, I started to understand what I had been missing. 3 or 4 days into the competition , after seeing some amazing performances by the worlds top free divers, I asked a good friend and Free diving instructor Fran Rose to show me how to “breathe up” I had made the decision to “ learn to breathe, learn to duck dive, and swim down 2m. I then asked Kerian to show me how to duck dive, and asked him to go down the line to -2m and I would give it a go.", "Today, diving competitions are favorites among spectators. The events feature a springboard, which is 3 meters (9.84 feet) high, or a fixed platform, which is 10 meters (32.8 feet) high. Individual divers and duos for synchronized events receive scores up to 10 from a panel of judges.", "Alice Hickson World Champion Freediver, wins Gold & sets 2nd British National Record at Pool World Championships in Belgrade!", "International Womenï¿½s Sports Hall of Famer; Olympic gold medalist: diver [1972]; Air Force Academy diving coach", "Dibiasi, Klaus Austrian-born Italian diver who dominated the platform event from the late 1960s to the mid-1970s, winning three Olympic gold medals. He was the first Italian to win a gold medal in a swimming or diving event. Dibiasi was coached by his father, Carlo..." ]	[ 3.615234375, 3.521484375, 3.09765625, 1.6572265625, 1.087890625, 0.95654296875, 0.525390625, 0.0291900634765625, -0.5498046875, -0.90673828125, -1.0869140625, -1.08984375, -1.29296875, -1.3701171875, -1.66796875, -1.7197265625, -1.7998046875, -1.822265625, -1.921875, -2.2421875, -2.599609375, -2.671875, -2.828125, -3.21484375, -3.93359375, -4.1953125, -5.421875, -5.95703125, -6.06640625, -6.23046875, -6.3515625, -6.7109375 ]
Which university did Tony Blair and Bill Clinton both attend in their younger days?	[ "Many famous people attended Oxford University such as our very own Tony Blair, Margaret Thatcher, the chef and broadcaster Rick Stein, the actor and playwright Michael Palin and not forgetting Bill Clinton, President of the USA 1992-2000. The list goes on through history, during the 17th and 18th centuries people such as Edmund Halley the astronomer and Sir Christopher Wren, architect attended the University.", "Tony Blair became the youngest British prime minister of the 20th century when he took office in 1997. He led Britain for a decade until stepping down in 2007. Tony Blair was born in Scotland but spent much of his childhood in Durham, England. He studied law at Oxford and then practiced law until 1983, when he was elected as member of Parliament from Sedgefield. Blair was a member of the Labour Party, which at the time was dominated politically by the Conservative Party of Margaret Thatcher . Blair was soon a rising star of what became known as the \"new Labour\" movement, with positions more centrist on fiscal affairs and social issues like crime. He became leader of the Labour Party in 1994, and three years later was named prime minister, replacing John Major, when Labour won a Parliamentary majority. Tony Blair was 44, making him the youngest British prime minister since Lord Liverpool in 1812. (Blair was often compared with the sitting U.S. president, Bill Clinton , who was 46 when he took office in 1993.) Tony Blair was re-elected in Parliamentary elections in 2001 and 2005, although his latter years in office were marked by controversy over his partnership with American President George W. Bush and support for the war in Iraq. He stepped down as the prime minister on 27 June 2007 and was succeeded by the Chancellor of the Exchequer, Gordon Brown .", "Tony Blair was born in 1953 in Edinburgh, Scotland. After taking a gap year he attended the University of Oxford and studied Law; after graduating he became a barrister.", "Tony Blair was born in Scotland but spent much of his childhood in Durham, England. He studied law at Oxford and then practiced law until 1983, when he was elected as member of Parliament from Sedgefield. Blair was a member of the Labour Party, which at the time was dominated politically by the Conservative Party of Margaret Thatcher . Blair was soon a rising star of what became known as the “new Labour” movement, with positions more centrist on fiscal affairs and social issues like crime.", "The son of a barrister, Blair attended Fettes College in Edinburgh (a school often viewed as ‘‘Scotland’s Eton ’’) and St. John’s College of the University of Oxford , where he combined the study of law with interest in religious ideas and popular music. But he displayed little enthusiasm for politics until he met his future wife, Cherie Booth . He graduated from Oxford in 1975 and was called to the bar the following year. While specializing in employment and commercial law, he became increasingly involved in Labour Party politics and in 1983 was elected to the House of Commons to the safe Labour parliamentary seat of Sedgefield, a tight-knit former mining district in northeastern England. His entry into politics coincided with a long political ascendancy of the Conservative Party (from 1979) and Labour’s loss of four consecutive general elections (from 1979 through 1992).", "Tony Blair (born 6 May 1953) is a Labour Party politician who served as the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1997 to 2007. He led Labour to a landslide victory in 1997. The party went on to win two more elections under his leadership, in 2001 and 2005.", "Clinton was a precocious student, musically talented and popular. He graduated from Georgetown University in Washington DC, attended Oxford University in Oxford, England, on a Rhodes Scholarship, and received a law degree from Yale University in New Haven, Connecticut, where he met his future wife, Hillary Rodham of Park Ridge, Illinois. After receiving a law degree in 1973, he returned to Arkansas to teach law at the University of Arkansas (UA) in Fayetteville (Washington County ). Rodham joined him on the faculty in 1974, and they were married on October 11, 1975.", "On the recommendation of Tony Blair, Bill Clinton chose Warwick as the venue for his last major foreign policy address as US President in December 2000. Sandy Berger, Clinton’s National Security Advisor, explaining the decision in his Press Briefing on 7 December 2000, said that: \"Warwick is one of Britain's newest and finest research universities, singled out by Prime Minister Blair as a model both of academic excellence and independence from the government.\" ", "Although the Blairs stated that they had wished to shield their children from the media, Euan and Nicky's education was a cause of political controversy. They both attended the Catholic London Oratory School, which had been criticised by left-wingers for the perceived elitism of its selection procedures. The Blairs chose this school over a Catholic school in Labour-controlled Islington, where they then lived. However, Tony Blair pointed out that he was the first post-war Prime Minister to have sent his children to state-funded schools, rather than independent ones. There was further criticism from the left when it was revealed that Euan received private coaching from the staff of the fee-paying Westminster School, but this was not unusual for Prime Ministers of either political party to have arranged for their children . He lived in Richmond Avenue, Islington, for the years leading up to his election as prime minister.", "Clinton graduated fourth in his class at Hot Springs High School in 1964. Already intent on entering politics, he enrolled at Georgetown University, in Washington, D.C. He completed a bachelor's degree in international studies in 1968 and won a Rhodes Scholarship to study at Oxford University, in England. After two years at Oxford, he entered Yale University Law School on a scholarship in 1970. He married Hillary Rodham on October 11, 1975.", "In January, Blair took up the place at Wellington, where he spent the Spring term. In May 1917 a place became available as a King's Scholar at Eton. He studied at Eton until December 1921, when he left at age 18½. Wellington was \"beastly\", Orwell told his childhood friend Jacintha Buddicom, but he said he was \"interested and happy\" at Eton. [22] His principal tutor was A. S. F. Gow , fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge , who also gave him advice later in his career. [10] Blair was briefly taught French by Aldous Huxley . Stephen Runciman , who was at Eton with Blair, noted that he and his contemporaries appreciated Huxley's linguistic flair. [23] Cyril Connolly followed Blair to Eton, but because they were in separate years, they did not associate with each other. [24]", "Anthony Charles Lynton \"Tony\" Blair (born May 6, 1953) is an English politician, who has served as Prime Minister from 2 May 1997 to the present. He has been Leader of the Labour Party since 1994 and the Member of Parliament for Sedgefield since 1983.", "British Prime Minister Tony Blair alongside President Bush , back right, meet with school children from the Sedgefield Community College, in Sedgefield, England, on Friday Nov. 21 2003. (AP Photo/ Owen Humphreys, Pool)", "Standing on the High Street and just a short distance to the north of the Merton Playing Field, the centrally located University College is one of the oldest in the city, being established in 1249 and home to many historic features. These include a number of detailed stone carvings and statues. Of note, it was at this college where Bill Clinton, the former president of the USA, once studied, as well as Bob Hawke, the former Australian prime minister.", "Vocational institution with most Prime Ministers as students – The Inns of Court – 11 (Earl of Wilmington to Tony Blair). Of these, 8 passed through Lincoln's Inn (William Pitt, the Younger to Tony Blair).", "She first began working for the Labour party in 1990 after a stellar academic career at Oxford, Harvard and the London School of Economics – and a brief stint working for the former US President Bill Clinton.", "U.S. President George W. Bush , center, and British Prime Minister Tony Blair , left, pose with junior high school students playing sports as they make a visit to Sedgefield Community College in Sedgefield, England, Friday, Nov. 21, 2003. (AP Photo/Charles Dharapak)", "(Biography) Tony, full name Anthony Charles Lynton Blair. born 1953, British politician; leader of the Labour Party (1994–2007); prime minister (1997–2007); Middle East peace envoy from 2007", "This TV drama focuses on the political relationship between Tony Blair and Bill Clinton. In 1994, Blair as Labour opposition leader travels to the US and is impressed by the centrist policies of the newly-elected Democrat presidentï¿½on which he then models the political refashioning of his own party. After Blair becomes prime minister in 1997, the story shifts to the pair's handling of such temptestuous issues as Northern Ireland and Kovoso and the controversy surrounding the Lewinsky sex scandal.", "Johnson won a scholarship to read Literae Humaniores, a four-year course based in the study of Classics, at Balliol College, Oxford. Arriving at Oxford in the autumn of 1983, he was part of a generation of Oxford undergraduates who later dominated British politics and media in the early 21st century, among them senior Conservative Party members David Cameron, William Hague, Michael Gove, Jeremy Hunt, and Nick Boles. At the university, he played rugby for Balliol, and associated primarily with Old Etonians, joining the Old Etonian-dominated Bullingdon Club, an upper-class drinking society known for its acts of local vandalism. Johnson entered into a relationship with the aristocrat Allegra Mostyn-Owen and they became engaged while at university.", "Anthony Charles Lynton Blair (born 6 May 1953) is a British politician who served as the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1997 to 2007 and the Leader of the Labour Party from 1994 to 2007. Together with then-US President George W. Bush, he initiated the Iraq War with the invasion of Iraq, an act which remains highly controversial. ", "Twenty-seven British Prime Ministers have been educated at Oxford University. Of these, thirteen were educated at Christ Church, three at Trinity, three at Balliol, two at Brasenose and one each at Hart Hall (now Hertford), Jesus College, St Hugh's, St John's, Somerville, and University College.", "Anthony Charles Lynton Blair (born May 6 , 1953 ) was Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from May 2, 1997 to June 27, 2007. He was an employment law barrister before being elected to Parliament as Labour Party MP for the constituency of Sedgefield in 1983. Becoming Labour Party leader in 1994, he adopted moderate pro-free market policies and won a landslide victory in the 1997 general election . His decision to send UK forces to assist in the US-led invasion of Iraq in 2003 was highly controversial and surrounding scandals tarnished his image, although he was re-elected in 2005.", "Cameron, a descendant of King William IV , was born into a family with both wealth and an aristocratic pedigree. He attended Eton College and Brasenose College, Oxford , from which he graduated (1988) with a first-class degree in philosophy, politics, and economics. After Oxford he joined the Conservative Party Research Department. In 1992 he became a special adviser to Norman Lamont, then chancellor of the Exchequer , and the following year he undertook the same role for Michael Howard , then home secretary. Cameron joined the media company Carlton Communications in 1994 as director of corporate affairs. He stayed at Carlton until he entered Parliament in 2001 as MP for Witney, northwest of London.", "Notable former students of the college have included politicians, scientists, philosophers, entertainers and academics. Thirteen British Prime Ministers to have studied at the college including, Anthony Eden (Prime Minister 1955—1957), William Ewart Gladstone (1828–1831), Sir Robert Peel (1841–1846) and Archibald Primrose (1894–1895). Other former students include Charles Abbot (Speaker of the House of Commons 1802–1817), Frederick Curzon (Conservative Party statesman 1951–), Nicholas Lyell (Attorney General 1992–1997), Nigel Lawson (Chancellor of the Exchequer 1983–1989), Quintin Hogg (Lord Chancellor 1979–1987) and William Murray (Lord Chief Justice 1756—1788 and Chancellor of the Exchequer 1757). From outside the UK, politicians from Canada (Ted Jolliffe), Pakistan (Zulfikar Ali Bhutto) and the United States (Charles Cotesworth Pinckney) have attended the college.", "Went to the 1999 FA Cup final in Wembley stadium between Newcastle United and Manchester United with the Irish prime minister Bertie Ahern . Tony Blair is a Newcastle fan while Bertie Ahern supports Man Utd.", "Brasenose College has now had two students become British Prime Ministers. The first, Henry Addington, came to Brasenose College in 1774, before becoming Speaker of the House of Commons in 1789, and then Prime Minister from 1801 to 1804. ", "The British Prime Minister, David William Donald Cameron (Eton, Brasenose), his Tory Chancellor of the Exchequer, George Gideon Oliver Osborne (St Paul's, Magdalen, and heir to a baronetcy), and the Tory mayor of London, the blond, bicycling and batty Alexander Boris de Pfeffel Johnson (Eton, Balliol), were all Bullingdon chaps in the '80s.", "Details have emerged of Osborne's wild university days as a member of the notorious Bullingdon Club. The all-male dining club, to which prime minister David Cameron also belonged as an undergraduate, is open only to sons of aristocratic families or the super-rich and is famed for its riotous behaviour. A 1992 photograph of Osborne in tie and tails with his fellow members, including multimillionaire financier Nat Rothschild, has been much reproduced.", "Botha, P. W. prime minister (1978–84) and first state president (1984–89) of South Africa. A native of the Orange Free State, he studied law at the University of Orange Free State at Bloemfontein from 1932 to 1935 but left without graduating. Already active in politics...", "7. Which school provided the UK with 19 Prime Ministers up to the year 2000 ?", "David Cameron the current Prime Minister of the UK studied for his Bachelor of Arts degree here and graduated in 1988 with a first class honours degree (MA)." ]	[ 2.591796875, 2.580078125, 1.9853515625, 1.33984375, 0.5458984375, 0.325439453125, 0.197021484375, -0.423583984375, -0.4765625, -0.55859375, -1.083984375, -1.1455078125, -2.091796875, -2.3828125, -2.50390625, -3.458984375, -3.486328125, -3.568359375, -3.814453125, -3.98828125, -4.1796875, -4.78515625, -5.05859375, -5.55078125, -7.5703125, -7.73828125, -7.828125, -8.203125, -8.6015625, -8.6875, -8.7109375, -9.2109375 ]
What is the name of Paul and Linda McCartney's only son?	[ "James McCartney - Paul McCartney's only son from his marriage to Linda - is on Lorraine for an exclusive performance to promote his debut album and UK tour. Here we see James performing the track Angel.", "Paul McCartney and his late wife Linda are seen here before the birth of their son James on September 12, 1977 and is the reason given for the lack of touring this year, song writing is the plan as we hear Paul tell us!", "Family life was of great importance to Linda and Paul, and during their marriage, they raised four children: Mary who was born in 1969, Stella, who was born in 1971, James Louis, who was born in 1977, and Heather. The children were raised on a farm on Scotland and rural houses in remote settings in Southern England, as the McCartneys preferred a quiet, peaceful, low key setting for their children.", "McCartney is the son of Paul McCartney, the multi-talented music superstar and former member of the Beatles, and professional photographer Linda Eastman McCartney who succumbed to cancer in 1998.", "His four children with Linda McCartney are Heather McCartney (adopted from her previous marriage), photographer Mary McCartney , top fashion designer Stella McCartney and musician/sculptor James McCartney . Paul was married to rock photographer Linda Eastman on March 12, 1969 at the Marylebone Register Office.", "Sir James Paul McCartney, MBE (born 18 June 1942) is an English singer-songwriter, multi-instrumentalist, and composer. With John Lennon , George Harrison , and Ringo Starr , he gained worldwide fame with the rock band the Beatles , the most popular and influential group in the history of pop music. His songwriting partnership with Lennon is the most celebrated of the 20th century. After the band’s break-up , he pursued a solo career and formed the band Wings with his first wife, Linda , and Denny Laine .", "In May 1968, McCartney met Eastman again in New York, when Lennon and McCartney were there to announce the formation of Apple Corps. In September, McCartney phoned her and asked her to fly over to London. Six months later they were married at a small civil ceremony—when Eastman was four months pregnant with their child, Mary McCartney—at Marylebone Registry Office on 12 March 1969. He later said that his wife was the woman who \"gave me the strength and courage to work again\", after the break-up of the Beatles. McCartney adopted her daughter from her first marriage, Heather, and had three children together: Mary, Stella, and James McCartney. McCartney taught Linda to play keyboards, and permanently included her in the line-up of Wings. ", "Stella McCartney was born in London on 13 September 1971, the second child of former Beatle Sir Paul McCartney and Linda Eastman . She is named after her maternal great-grandmothers: both of Linda McCartney's grandmothers were named Stella. As a young girl, McCartney travelled the globe with her parents and their pop group Wings , along with her siblings: older half-sister Heather (who was legally adopted by Paul McCartney), older sister Mary , and younger brother James . According to her father, the name of Wings was inspired by Stella's difficult birth. As his daughter was being born by emergency caesarean section , Paul sat outside the operating room and prayed that she be born \"on the wings of an angel.\" [1] Wings toured from shortly after her birth in 1971 until 1980.", "She and Paul McCartney had three children: Mary, Stella and James. Another daughter Heather is from a previous marriage.", "You most likely have heard of The Beatles’ Paul McCartney. Now, his son, James, is also getting into the music industry; and, he took some time to talk with YNN on his current tour. Our Vince G...", "On 18 June 1942, James Paul McCartney was born in Liverpool, England to James \"Jim\" McCartney and Mary Mohin. Jim missed the birth due to his work as a volunteer firefighter during World War II. James and Mary had one more son, Michael, born 7 January 1944.", "Three children with Paul McCartney : photographer Mary McCartney (Donald), top fashion designer Stella McCartney and musician/sculptor James McCartney .", "He was born James Paul McCartney on June 18, 1942, in Liverpool General Hospital, where his mother, Mary Patricia (Mohin), was a medical nurse and midwife. His father, James \"Jim\" McCartney, was a cotton salesman and a pianist leading the Jim Mac's Jazz Band in Liverpool. He has Irish and English ancestry. Young McCartney was raised non-denominational. He studied music and art, and had a happy childhood with one younger brother, Michael. At age 11, he was one of only four students who passed the 11+ exam, known as \"the scholarship\" in Liverpool, and gained a place at Liverpool Institute for Boys. There he studied from 1953 to 1960, earning A level in English and Art.", "After the Beatles' break-up in 1970, McCartney continued his musical career with his first solo release, McCartney, a US number-one album. Apart from some vocal contributions from Linda, McCartney is a one-man album, with Paul providing compositions, instrumentation and vocals. In 1971, he collaborated with Linda and drummer Denny Seiwell on a second album, Ram. A UK number one and a US top five, Ram included the co-written US number-one hit single \"Uncle Albert/Admiral Halsey\". Later that year, ex-Moody Blues guitarist Denny Laine joined the McCartneys and Seiwell to form the band Wings. McCartney had this to say on the groups's formation: \"Wings were always a difficult idea ... any group having to follow [the Beatles'] success would have a hard job ... I found myself in that very position. However, it was a choice between going on or finishing, and I loved music too much to think of stopping.\" In September 1971, the McCartneys' daughter Stella was born, named in honour of Linda's grandmothers, both of whom were named Stella.", "After the Beatles' break-up in 1970, McCartney continued his musical career with his first solo release, McCartney, a US number-one album. Apart from some vocal contributions from Linda, McCartney is a one-man album, with Paul providing compositions, instrumentation and vocals. In 1971, he collaborated with Linda and drummer Denny Seiwell on a second album, Ram. A UK number one and a US top five, Ram included the co-written US number-one hit single \"Uncle Albert/Admiral Halsey\". Later that year, ex-Moody Blues guitarist Denny Laine joined the McCartneys and Seiwell to form the band Wings. McCartney had this to say on the groups's formation: \"Wings were always a difficult idea ... any group having to follow success would have a hard job ... I found myself in that very position. However, it was a choice between going on or finishing, and I loved music too much to think of stopping.\" In September 1971, the McCartneys' daughter Stella was born, named in honour of Linda's grandmothers, both of whom were named Stella.", "In March 1969, McCartney married Linda Eastman, and in August, the couple had their first child, Mary, named after his late mother. For Abbey Road, the band's last recorded album, Martin suggested \"a continuously moving piece of music\"; urging the group to think symphonically. McCartney agreed, but Lennon did not. They eventually compromised, agreeing to McCartney's suggestion, an LP featuring individual songs on side one, and a long medley on side 2.", "Sir James Paul McCartney, MBE is an English musician, singer, songwriter, multi-instrumentalist and composer. With John Lennon, George Harrison and Ringo Starr, he gained worldwide fame as a member of the Beatles, and his songwriting partnership with Lennon is one of the most celebrated of the 20th century. After the band's break-up, he pursued a solo career, later forming Wings with his first wife, Linda, and Denny Laine. Guinness World Records described McCartney as the \"most successful composer and recording artist of all time\", with 60 gold discs and sales of over 100 million albums and 100 million singles, and as the \"most successful songwriter\" in United Kingdom chart history. More than 2,200 artists have covered his Beatles song \"Yesterday\", more than any other song in history. Wings' 1977 release \"Mull of Kintyre\" is one of the all-time best-selling singles in the UK. Inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a solo artist in March 1999, McCartney has written, or co-written 32 songs that have reached number one on the Billboard Hot 100, and as of 2013 he has sold over 15.5 million RIAA-certified units in the United States. McCartney, Lennon, Harrison and Starr received MBEs in 1965, and in 1997, McCartney was knighted for his services to music.", "* The Beatles' member Paul McCartney is the father of photographer Mary McCartney, fashion designer Stella McCartney and musician James McCartney.", "In 2002, McCartney married Heather Mills, a former model and anti-landmines campaigner. In 2003, the couple had a child, Beatrice Milly, named in honour of Mills' late mother, and one of McCartney's aunts. They separated in April 2006 and divorced acrimoniously in March 2008. In 2004, he commented on media animosity toward his partners: \"[the British public] didn't like me giving up on Jane Asher ... I married [Linda], a New York divorcee with a child, and at the time they didn't like that\". ", "Beatles news – It’s announced that Paul McCartney (26) has filed papers to marry blond American photographer, New York divorcee Linda Eastman (27). McCartney and Miss Eastman have been going steady since November, when she was staying at his home in London with her daughter, Heather (5). Said Paul – “It’s true, I am getting married. But I have no comment to make beyond that.”", "It has taken 35 years for James McCartney to step out from his father’s shadow. In his 20s, the son of Beatles legend Paul McCartney shunned his father, hated his new step-mother and descended ...", "Born September 13, 1971 in Lambeth, London, England This incredibly talented British fashion designer is the daughter of former Beatles member Sir Paul McCartney and the late photographer, Linda McCartney. Although she has been criticized that she would have been a famous fashion designer if she had not been Paul McCartney's daughter, her first collection for the house Chloé in Paris in 1997 dispelled any doubts about her talent. Photo: Reuters", "Paul McCartney's younger brother, Michael, formed a group of his own, known as \"The Scaffold\" and goes by the name \"Mike McGear\". He is mentioned in the lyric of \"Let 'Em In\" as \"Brother Michael\" (available on McCartney's \"Wings At The Speed Of Sound\" album).", "Picture: * McCARTNEY'S DAUGHTER GIVES BIRTH SIR PAUL McCARTNEY is a grandfather again after his daughter STELLA gave birth to her third child on Tuesday (08Jan08)....", "McCartney’s children recorded a special version of “When I’m Sixty-Four” at Abbey Road Studios as a surprise present for McCartney’s 64th birthday in June 2006, and played it for him at his birthday party. They changed the lyrics to fit the occasion with the help of Giles Martin . At the time, by unfortunate coincidence, McCartney was recently separated from his second wife, Heather Mills ; they later divorced. [13] [14]", "But Shevell is not the first Jewish Lady McCartney; that honor belonged to McCartney’s first wife, Linda Eastman. Born in New York City and raised in Scarsdale, N.Y., Linda Eastman was the daughter of Lee Eastman — the son of Russian-Jewish immigrants, born Leopold Vail Epstein — and Louise Sara Lindner.", "* Sir Paul McCartney (born 1942), musician and former Beatle. McCartney's children attended the local schools in Rye.", "A trumpet player and pianist who led Jim Mac's Jazz Band in the 1920s, McCartney's father kept an upright piano in the front room, and he encouraged his sons to be musical. Jim gave Paul a nickel-plated trumpet for his fourteenth birthday, but when rock and roll became popular on Radio Luxembourg, Paul traded it for a £15 Framus Zenith (model 17) acoustic guitar, rationalising that it would be difficult to sing while playing a trumpet. He found it difficult to play guitar right-handed, but after noticing a poster advertising a Slim Whitman concert and realising that Whitman also played left-handed, he reversed the order of the strings. McCartney wrote his first song, \"I Lost My Little Girl\", on the Zenith, and composed another early tune that would become \"When I'm Sixty-Four\" on the piano. Against his father's advice, he took few piano lessons, preferring to learn by ear. Heavily influenced by American rhythm and blues music, Little Richard was his schoolboy idol. \"Long Tall Sally\" was the first song McCartney performed in public, at a Butlins holiday camp talent competition.", "The McCartneys shared an Oscar nomination for the co-composition of the song \"Live and Let Die\". Linda's album Wide Prairie, which included \"Seaside Woman,\" was released posthumously in 1998. Along with eight other British composers, Paul contributed to the choral album A Garland for Linda, and dedicated his classical album, Ecce Cor Meum, to his late wife. ", "At the age of 14, Paul McCartney was traumatized by his mother's sudden death from breast cancer. Shortly afterward, he wrote his first song. In July 1957 he met John Lennon during their performances at a local church fête (festival). McCartney impressed Lennon with his mastery of guitar and singing in a variety of styles. He soon joined Lennon's band, The Quarrymen, and eventually became founding member of The Beatles , with the addition of George Harrison and Pete Best . After a few gigs in Hamburg, Germany, the band returned to Liverpool and played regular gigs at the Cavern during 1961.", "Beatles member Paul McCartney is awarded an OBE(Order of the British Empire) in Queen Elizabeth II 's birthday honours list.", "Mr. McCracken had worked with Mr. McCartney on his album ï¿½Ramï¿½ when Mr. McCartney decided to form a new group and asked him to join. He turned down the chance to be an original member of Wings because he did not want to be separated from his children in New Jersey." ]	[ 7.9609375, 4.0390625, 3.345703125, 2.779296875, 2.169921875, 2.046875, 2.03125, 2.00390625, 1.6376953125, 1.587890625, 1.19140625, 1.0234375, 0.96875, 0.95458984375, 0.76708984375, 0.62353515625, 0.423828125, 0.1800537109375, -0.84814453125, -0.919921875, -0.99951171875, -1.0498046875, -1.3740234375, -1.6826171875, -2.79296875, -3.111328125, -3.962890625, -4.80078125, -5.16796875, -5.23046875, -5.9765625, -6.70703125 ]
Who won the first men's US Tennis Open, in 1968?	[ "A parade of past winners will be in Arthur Ashe Stadium when the US Open’s Opening Night Ceremony celebrates the 40th anniversary of open tennis, including Billie Jean King, John McEnroe, Rod Laver, Ivan Lendl, Tracy Austin, Martina Navratilova, Stan Smith, Boris Becker, Gabrielle Sabatini, John Newcombe, Ilie Nastase, Guillermo Vilas and Mats Wilander. Virginia Wade, winner of the first U.S. Open in 1968, will be on hand, while the men’s champion, the late Arthur Ashe, will be represented by his widow, Jeanne Moutossamy-Ashe, and daughter, Camera Ashe. Other past champions on hand will include Roger Federer, Lindsay Davenport, Venus Williams, Serena Williams, Maria Sharapova, Marat Safin and Andy Roddick.", "1968: At the first US Open Tennis Championships, Virginia Wade of Britain won against the USs Billie Jean King.", "1968 — Arthur Ashe holds his trophy after defeating Tim Okker from the Netherlands, 14-12, 5-7, 6-3, 3-6, 6-3, to claim his first U.S. Open Tennis Championship, in Forest Hills, NY. (Marty Lederhandler/AP)", "3. 1968: Arthur Ashe becomes the first black man to win the US Open. He would later become the first black man to win Wimbledon in 1975.", "In 1968, the tournament became the first Grand Slam event to join the \"Open\" era, allowing professionals to join the championships. That allowed some incredible years in the following decades, including Bjorn Borg's impressive six victories between 1974 and 1981 (four of them consecutively). At the same time Borg was dominating the men's competition, Chris Evert was easing through the women's tournaments -- winning six titles, more than any other female player, all between 1974 and 1986.", "In the Men’s singles draw, two players have reigned supreme in the open era (1968 onwards). American ace Pete Sampras claimed seven Wimbledon titles between 1981 and 1989 and Swiss maestro Roger Federer equalled that feat from 2003 to 2012. Four Australian men have won the tournament in the open era; Rod Laver and John Newcombe both went back-to-back in 1968-69 and 1970-71 respectively, while Pat Cash (1987) and Lleyton Hewitt (2002) have also managed victories. Other greats in men’s singles that have won the tournament include Bjorn Borg, John McEnroe and Boris Becker.", "1968 - 88th US Mens Tennis: Arthur Ashe beats Tom Okker (1412 57 63 36 63)", "Ashe, while still a 25-year-old amateur fulfilling a three-year Army stint, ushered in the Open era by winning the 1968 United States Open at Forest Hills. He defeated Tom Okker in the final, marking the first time a black man had won a Grand Slam event, one of the sport's four major tournaments. In 1970, he won the Australian Open.", "In 1974, Connors was the dominant player. He had a 99–4 record that year and won 15 tournaments, including three of the four Grand Slam singles titles. The French Open did not allow Connors to participate due to his association with World Team Tennis (WTT). However, he won the Australian Open, defeating Phil Dent in four sets. He also beat Ken Rosewall in straight sets in the finals of both Wimbledon and the US Open. His exclusion from the French Open denied him the opportunity to become the first male player since Rod Laver to win all four Major singles titles in a calendar year.", "Kenny Rosewall was at the top and gave Laver numerous beatings as their long, illustrious rivalry began. Rosewall beat Laver to win the U.S. Pro singles in 1963, but the next year Laver defeated Rosewall, then eight-time champ Gonzalez, to win the first of his five crowns, four of them in a row beginning in 1966. He had a streak of 19 wins in the U.S. Pro until losing the 1970 final to Roche. When open tennis dawned in 1968, Laver was ready to resume where he'd left off at the traditional tournaments, whipping Roche in less than an hour to take the first open Wimbledon. In 1971 Laver won $292,717 in tournament prize money (a season record that stood until Arthur Ashe won $338,337 in 1975), enabling him to become the first tennis pLaver to make a million dollars on the court. Until the last days of 1978, when he was playing few tournaments, Laver was still the all-time leading money-winner with $1,564,213. Jimmy Connors then surpassed him, along with numerous others.", "Roger Federer was the defending champion, and won in the final 7–6(7–2), 6–4, 6–4, against Fernando González, becoming the first man since Björn Borg in 1980 to win a Grand Slam tournament without dropping a set and the first (and so far only) to do it in a Grand Slam played on hard courts. This was also the first Grand Slam appearance of future US Open champion Marin Čilić who lost in the first round.", "MORE: American winners of the Open Era \| Wimbledon's 21st century champions \| Novak Djokovic vs. Roger Federer in men's final Federer bares arms \| Williams completes Serena slam ", "Connors surged to the top of the tennis world in 1974, when he won the first three Grand Slam events of his career at the Australian Open, Wimbledon and US Open. He was barred from competing at the French Open for signing a contract with the World Team Tennis circuit, which cost him a chance at the Grand Slam. However, he embarked on a streak of 160 weeks as the No. 1 player in the world -- a mark that stood as a record until Roger Federer eclipsed it nearly three decades later. Connors still holds the men's career record for most singles tournament wins, with 109.", "Most US Open Titles Won by a Man - The most US Open Tennis titles won by a man is 16, by American <Bill Tilden. Tilden won his first title, the mixed doubles, at the US Open in 1913, aged 20, but he did not achieve his first singles title until 1920. The US Open proved to be his most successful tournament, where he won seven singles, five doubles, and four mixed doubles trophies", "The incorrigible Connors won eight major singles championship, including five US Opens (1974, 1976, 1978, 1982, 1983), two Wimbledon Gentlemen Singles Championships (1974, 1982), and one Australian Open (1974), tied for fifth best in history. Connors said that Paris was his favorite destination on tour, but he failed to reach the finals in 13 trips to Roland Garros. He was a semifinalist four times. He holds the Open Era record for most championships won (109) and was the year-end No. 1 world ranked player from 1974 through 1978. He placed a stranglehold on the top ranking on July 29, 1974 and didn’t relinquish it for 160 consecutive weeks, a record that held firm until it was broken by Roger Federer on February 26, 2007. In his career, he was ranked 268 weeks, slightly more than five total years.", "Winner (67): 1968 - Wimbledon ; 1969 - Pacific Southwest, South African Open, Natal, Dublin, Stockholm; 1970 - Rome, Sydney, Durban, London Indoors, VS Richmond; 1971 - US Open , San Francisco, Long Beach, Milwaukee, Oklahoma City, Chattanooga, US Indoors-Detroit, Boston, San Diego, Hamburg [German Open], Hoylake, Kitzbuhel, Houston, US Clay Courts, Louisville, Phoenix, London Indoors; 1972 - Roland Garros , US Open , Wimbledon , Phoenix, Richmond, Indianapolis, San Francisco, Tucson, Charlotte, Bristol; 1973 - Wimbledon , Phoenix, Indianapolis, Denver, Nottingham, VS Hawaii, Tokyo [Toray]; 1974 - US Open , San Francisco, Washington DC, Detroit, Akron, US Indoors-New York; 1975 - Wimbledon , Sarasota; 1977 - Lionel San Antonio, Phoenix, San Paulo, San Juan, Japan Invitational, London Indoors; 1979 - Tokyo Sillook, Stockholm; 1980 - Detroit, Houston, Tokyo Sillook; 1982 - Birmingham; 1983 - Birmingham.", "Arthur Ashe (USA) 1969-1980: Won 3 Grand Slams. His highest career ranking under the official ATP rankings was No. 2, but he was accepted as the unofficial year-end No. 1 in 1975 by many non-computerized experts. He became the first African-American man to win a Grand Slam, his most memorable Slam victory being his stunning defeat of Jimmy Connors in the 1975 Wimbledon final through tactical play. In addition to his tennis achievements, he was well-known for his humanitarian and civil rights work in the United States and Africa. A humanitarian award and the main stadium at the US Open were named after him in his honor.", "1968: The first Wimbledon Open was won by Australias Rod Laver as the mens champion, and Billie-Jean King as the womens.", "The open era began in 1968 when all five events were merged into the US Open, held at the West Side Tennis Club in Forest Hills. The 1968 combined tournament was open to professionals for the first time. That year, 96 men and 63 women entered the event, and prize money totaled $100,000.", "Federer’s victory at the 2004 US Open marked the first time in the open era that any male had won his first four Grand Slam finals. He eventually won his first seven Grand Slam finals before losing to Rafael Nadal in the 2006 French Open final. Federer, Sears, and Renshaw are the only male players in tennis history to win their first seven Grand Slam finals.", "Björn Rune Borg (born June 6, 1956 , in Stockholm , Sweden ) is a former World No. 1 tennis player from Sweden regarded by some observers and tennis players as the greatest player in the sport's history. During a nine-year career, he won 41 percent of the Grand Slam singles tournaments he entered (11 of 27) and 89.8 percent of the Grand Slam singles matches he played. Both are male open era records. In addition, Borg's six French Open singles titles are an all-time record. He is the only player in the open era to have won both Wimbledon and the French Open in the same year more than once, as he won both in three consecutive years.", "The very first US Open (open era) began in 1968 at the West Side Tennis Club in Forest Hills and for the first time professionals were allowed to take part in the competition. 96 men and 63 women entered the event and the prize money totalled $100,000. Initially, the tournament was played on grass, before the change to clay (1975). Another surface change was in 1978, when player went from clay to DecoTurf, more commonly known as ‘’hard courts’’ and this hasn’t changed up till today. It is a faster surface with a lower bounce compared to the one used at the Australian Open (Rebound Ace surface).", "The US Open, formally the United States Open Tennis Championships, is a hardcourt tennis tournament which is the modern iteration of one of the oldest tennis championships in the world, the U.S. National Championship, which for men's singles was first contested in 1881. Since 1987, the US Open has been chronologically the fourth and final tennis major comprising the Grand Slam each year; the other three are the Australian Open, French Open and Wimbledon. It is held annually in August and September over a two-week period (the weeks before and after Labor Day weekend). The main tournament consists of five different event championships: men's and women's singles, men's and women's doubles, and mixed doubles, with additional tournaments for senior, junior, and wheelchair players. Since 1978, the tournament has been played on acrylic hard courts at the USTA Billie Jean King National Tennis Center at Flushing Meadows-Corona Park in Queens, New York City.", "Jimmy Connors (USA) 1972-1996: Held No. 1 for 268 weeks. Won 8 Grand Slam singles titles and 2 doubles. The first of the notable players to emerge at the advent of the Open Era, Jimmy Connors was a ferocious power baseliner whose heart and will were only matched by his pugnacious attitude towards others. Widely regarded as a tremendous asshole on court, Connors nevertheless is one of the game's greats, having played in three decades, with one of his most memorable moments being his run to the 1991 US Open semifinals at the age of 39. Over his long career he won a record 109 ATP singles titles.", "The last Englishman to lift the US Open was Tony Jacklin, who won by seven shots at Hazeltine, Minnesota, in 1970. Five other Englishmen won the US Open pre-war, while a host of Scotsmen won early editions of the event.", "In 1968 the open era began, where amateurs and professionals were allowed to compete side by side at Wimbledon for the first time. This ushered in a period of rapid changes in the tennis world as new tournaments sprang up, with large prize money.", "Claims to fame: Graceful men’s singles player who is widely considered the greatest of the Open era, which began in 1968. Just won his 17th Grand Slam singles title at Wimbledon.", "1920: William Tilden won the mens singles title at Wimbledon, the first US player to do so.", "Tilden, Bill American tennis player who dominated the game for more than a decade, winning seven U.S. championships (now the U.S. Open), three Wimbledon Championships, and two professional titles. His overpowering play and temperamental personality made him one of...", "In 1974, Borg won his first top-level singles title at the Italian Open. Two weeks later, he won his first Grand Slam title at the French Open , defeating Manuel Orantes in the final 2-6, 6-7, 6-0, 6-1, 6-1. Barely 18 at the time, Borg was the youngest-ever male French Open champion (the record has since been lowered by Mats Wilander in 1982 and Michael Chang in 1989 ).", "Australian John Newcombe played tennis in both the Amateur Era and the Open Era. He reached the finals of Wimbledon in 1967, 1969, 1970 and 1971.", "The only player to win the Grand Slam twice, first as an amateur in 1962, then as a professional in 1969. The greatest-ever left-hander was also undefeated in the four successive Wimbledon tournaments he contested in 1961, 1962, 1968 and 1969. It was the tenacity and aggression of this red-haired player's game which wore down his opponents, earning him the nickname of \"The Rocket\". The effectiveness of his serve, with its kick and placement, was unmatched in his era." ]	[ 7.22265625, 6.87109375, 6.57421875, 1.7001953125, 1.365234375, 0.8212890625, 0.447998046875, -0.282470703125, -0.69677734375, -0.87060546875, -1.2548828125, -1.517578125, -1.525390625, -1.6552734375, -1.9990234375, -2.53125, -2.572265625, -2.70703125, -2.7578125, -2.939453125, -3.57421875, -3.705078125, -3.732421875, -4.07421875, -4.25390625, -4.8125, -5.53515625, -5.8203125, -5.97265625, -6.28515625, -6.72265625, -6.7734375 ]
Timothy McVeigh was convicted for which bombing?	[ "Timothy James McVeigh (April 23, 1968 – June 11, 2001) was an American domestic terrorist convicted and executed for the detonation of a truck bomb in front of the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building in Oklahoma City on April 19, 1995. Commonly referred to as the Oklahoma City bombing, the attack killed 168 people and injured over 600. According to the United States Government, it was the deadliest act of terrorism within the United States prior to the September 11 attacks, and remains the most significant act of domestic terrorism in United States history.", "Timothy James McVeigh (aka Oklahoma City bomber April 23, 1968 – June 11, 2001), was a former American soldier who was convicted of eleven United States federal offenses and ultimately executed as a result of his role in the April 19, 1995, Oklahoma City bombing. The bombing, which claimed 168 lives, was the deadliest act of terrorism within United States borders until the September 11, 2001 attacks and remains the deadliest incident of domestic terrorism in the United States.", "Timothy J. McVeigh was convicted today of the worst act of domestic terrorism in American history, the bombing of the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building in Oklahoma City that killed 168 people and injured more than 500 others.", "June 11, 2001, Timothy McVeigh—convicted of the bombing of a federal building in Oklahoma City on April 19, 1995, which killed 168 people in what was then the worst terrorist attack in the U.S.—was executed.", "June 2, 1997: JIM LEHRER: Timothy McVeigh was found guilty today of bombing the Federal Building in Oklahoma City two years ago. The 29-year-old Gulf War veteran was convicted of all 11 counts for planning and executing the explosion that killed 168 people. The jury of seven men and five women deliberated for more than 23 hours over four days in reaching its decision. The 11 charges against McVeigh included conspiracy to use a weapon of mass destruction, use of such a weapon, destruction of a federal property by explosives, and first degree murder for the deaths of eight federal law enforcement agents working in the building. ARTICLE TOOLS Print Email Share McVeigh faces the death penalty for the conviction. The jury will reconvene Wednesday to decide whether he will be executed or sent to prison. After the verdict, prosecutors were greeted with cheers and applause by survivors and families of the bombing victims. Lead prosecutor Joseph Hartzler said he was pleased by the verdict. JOSEPH HARTZLER: I'm not ...", "1997 Timothy McVeigh was found guilty of the bombing of a federal building in Oklahoma City in which 168 people were killed.", "1995 - Timothy McVeigh and Terry Nichols were indicted (11 counts each) for bombing the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building in Oklahoma City. The April 19, 1995 blast killed 168 people . The first three counts of the indictment were for conspiring to use a weapon of mass destruction to kill people and destroy federal property. The eight remaining counts were for killing federal law enforcement agents.", "13 - Timothy McVeigh is found guilty of planting the 1995 bomb that killed 168 in Oklahoma City and is sentenced to death by a court in Denver, Colorado.", "Death of Timothy McVeigh, American terrorist, executed for carrying out the Oklahoma City bombing in April 1995 which killed 168 people", "Timothy McVeigh, who was executed in June 2011 for the Oklahoma City Bombing , the worst terrorist act on American...", "Oklahoma City bomber Timothy McVeigh becomes the first federal prisoner to be executed in 38 years. McVeigh was responsible for the death of 168 people in the bombing of the Alfred P. Murrah Building in Oklahoma City on Apr. 19, 1995.", "On April 19, 1995, a truck-bomb explosion outside the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, left 168 people dead and hundreds more injured. The blast was set off by anti-government militant Timothy McVeigh, who in 2001 was executed for his crimes. His co-conspirator Terry Nichols received life in prison. Until September 11, 2001, the Oklahoma City bombing was the worst terrorist attack to take place on U.S. soil.", "Terry Lynn Nichols (born April 1, 1955) is an American convicted of being an accomplice in the Oklahoma City bombing. Prior to his incarceration, he held a variety of short-term jobs, working as a farmer, grain elevator manager, real estate salesman and ranch hand. He met his future conspirator, Timothy McVeigh, during a brief stint in the U.S. Army, which ended in 1989 when he requested a hardship discharge after less than one year of service. In 1994 and 1995, he conspired with McVeigh in the planning and preparation of the Oklahoma City bombing – the truck bombing of the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, on April 19, 1995. The bombing claimed the lives of 168 people.", "The bombing of the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building in Oklahoma City took place on 19 April 1995 and Timothy McVeigh was later convicted for the act. Conspiracy theories played a role in both the cause and the interpretation of the bombing. On the one hand, McVeigh had been active on the fringes of the militia movement and held conspiratorial views about the role of the government. On the other, a range of conspiracy theories have emerged, from the suggestion that the bombing was the work of the government seeking to justify a crackdown on militias and citizens’ rights in the guise of antiterrorism legislation, to the possibility that McVeigh was part of a larger conspiracy.", "It was April 19, 1995 and 9:02 a.m that a 5,000-pound bomb exploded in front of Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building in Oklahoma City. It was hidden in a Ryder truck. Explosion was so big that some buildings are collapsed. Terry Nichols and Timothy McVeigh were responsible for Oklahoma City Bombing. Till September 11, 2001 World Trade Center attack, it was deadliest terrorist attack ever in the U.S history and it’s still the one produced and made in the borders of U.S. How many people died in Oklahoma City Bombing?", "1997 – Oklahoma City bombing defendant Terry Nichols went on trial in the same courtroom in Denver where Timothy McVeigh was convicted and sentenced to die. Nichols was later convicted of involuntary manslaughter and conspiracy, but acquitted of murder and weapons-related counts; he was sentenced to life in prison.", "Timothy McVeigh cited the Waco incident as a primary motivation for the Oklahoma City bombing, his April 19, 1995 truck bomb attack that destroyed the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building, a U.S. government office complex in downtown Oklahoma City, and destroyed or damaged numerous other buildings in the vicinity. The attack claimed 168 lives (including 19 children under the age of 6) and left over 600 injured in the deadliest act of terrorism on U.S. soil prior to the September 11 attacks, and as of 2016 it remains the deadliest act of domestic terrorism in American history. Within days after the bombing, McVeigh and Terry Nichols were both in custody for their roles in the bombing. Investigators determined that the two were both sympathizers of an anti-government militia movement and that their motive was to avenge the government's handling of the Waco and Ruby Ridge incidents. McVeigh testified that he chose the date of April 19 because it was the second anniversary of the deadly fire at Mount Carmel. In March 1993, McVeigh drove from Arizona to Waco in order to observe the federal standoff. Along with other protesters, he was photographed by the FBI. A courtroom reporter also claims to have seen McVeigh outside the courthouse at Waco, selling anti-government shirts and posters. ", "McVeigh was convicted in 1997 of conspiracy, using a weapon of mass destruction and murdering eight federal law enforcement officers. The April 19, 1995, explosion at the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building killed 168 people and was considered the deadliest act of terrorism on U.S. soil.", "A bomb carried in a Ryder truck exploded in front of the Murrah Federal Building in Oklahoma City at 9:02 a.m. on April 19, 1995. The bomb claimed 168 innocent lives. That a homegrown, war-decorated American terrorist named Timothy McVeigh drove and parked the Ryder truck in the handicap zone in front of the Murrah Building there is little doubt. In 1997, a jury convicted McVeigh and sentenced him to death. The federal government, after an investigation involving 2,000 agents, also charged two of McVeigh's army buddies, Michael Fortier and Terry Nichols , with advance knowledge of the bombing and participation in the plot. Despite considerable evidence linking various militant white supremacists to the tragedy in Oklahoma City, no other persons faced prosecution for what was--until September 11, 2001--the worst act of terrorism ever on American soil.", "Deadly Secrets: Timothy McVeigh and the Oklahoma City Bombing . \"Beyond the thousand-yard stare, beneath the buzz cut, there was another Timothy McVeigh. Now America finally gets to meet the real Oklahoma City Bomber, and hear his shocking account of his crime, as reported by McVeigh's fellow death row inmate, David Paul Hammer.\"", "In a related story, Timothy McVeigh, a U.S. Army veteran and supporter of right-wing survivalist groups, went to Waco during the siege and was outraged by the government’s actions. On April 19, 1995, the two-year anniversary of the tear gas assault, McVeigh detonated a truck bomb outside the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building in Oklahoma City, which housed the ATF and other government agencies. The explosion killed 168 people and injured hundreds of others.", "Confession of the Oklahoma City Bomber: John Doe 2 Exists . The conviction of American terrorists, Timothy McVeigh and Terry Nichols, symbolizes the FBI's crown jewel of criminal prosecutions. So why do questions linger? Does the official account of what transpired on April 19, 1995 reveal all that certain federal investigators know? In the wake of the 1995 bombing, national polls showed 80 percent of Americans believed additional conspirators evaded capture. Today, as the 16th anniversary approaches, the prospect of shadowy terrorists walking free still pervades the country's psyche. This time, however, the FBI itself is fueling the flames of public distrust.", "1995 - Bombing / Murrah Federal Building - April 19, 1995: \"A bomb rips through the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building at 9:02 a.m. McVeigh is arrested 90 minutes later on a firearms charge after a routine traffic stop near Billings, Oklahoma. At least 168 people died as a result.\"", "On April 19, 1995, the two-year anniversary of the disastrous end to the Waco standoff, McVeigh parked a Ryder rental truck loaded with a diesel-fuel-fertilizer bomb outside the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building in Oklahoma City and fled. Minutes later, the massive bomb exploded, killing 168 people.", "On June 3, 1997, McVeigh was convicted of murder and conspiracy and on August 15, 1997 he was sentenced to death by lethal injection. On June 11, 2001, McVeigh was executed.", "1995 - Timothy McVeigh killed 168, injured 600+ at Oklahoma City, USA, with fertiliser and diesel. Not a gun in sight!", "trial of Timothy McVeigh, one of the two accused of being responsible for the bombing, because they are dead. One death has been labeled a suicide. The other victim was killed in an air crash. Both deaths took place under questionable circumstances.", "Terry Nichols was brought in for questioning two days after the blast and then arrested for his role in McVeigh's plan. On December 24, 1997, a federal jury found Nichols guilty and on June 5, 1998 Nichols was sentenced to life in prison. In March 2004, Nichols went on trial for murder charges by the state of Oklahoma. He was found guilty of 161 counts of murder and sentenced to 161 consecutive life sentences.", "Both were indicted in U.S. District Court for the Western District of Oklahoma on August 10, 1995, on conspiracy to use a weapon of mass destruction, use of such a weapon, destruction by explosive, and eight counts of first-degree murder. Accomplice Michael J. Fortier was also indicted on four counts, including conspiracy to transport stolen firearms. McVeigh was found guilty on all counts on June 2, 1997, and executed on June 11, 2001. Terry Nichols was found guilty of conspiracy and manslaughter on December 24, 1997, and sentenced to life in prison with no parole. Fortier was sentenced to twelve years in prison on May 27, 1998.", "McVeigh was arrested within 90 minutes of the explosion, as he was traveling north on Interstate 35 near Perry in Noble County, Oklahoma. Oklahoma State Trooper Charlie Hanger stopped McVeigh for driving his yellow 1977 Mercury Marquis without a license plate, and arrested him for having a concealed weapon. For his home address, McVeigh falsely claimed he resided at Terry Nichols' brother James' house in Michigan. After booking McVeigh, Hanger searched his police car and found a business card McVeigh had hidden while he was handcuffed. Written on the back of the card, which was from a Wisconsin military surplus store, were the words \"TNT at $5 a stick. Need more.\" The card was later used as evidence during McVeigh's trial.", "McVeigh was arrested within 90 minutes of the explosion, as he was traveling north on Interstate 35 near Perry in Noble County, Oklahoma. Oklahoma State Trooper Charlie Hanger stopped McVeigh for driving his yellow 1977 Mercury Marquis without a license plate, and arrested him for having a concealed weapon. For his home address, McVeigh falsely claimed he resided at Terry Nichols' brother James' house in Michigan. After booking McVeigh into jail, Hanger searched his police car and found a business card McVeigh had hidden while he was handcuffed. Written on the back of the card, which was from a Wisconsin military surplus store, were the words \"TNT at $5 a stick. Need more.\" The card was later used as evidence during McVeigh's trial.", "On June 2, 1997, McVeigh was found guilty on all eleven counts of the federal indictment. After the verdict, McVeigh tried to calm his mother by saying, \"Think of it this way. When I was in the Army, you didn't see me for years. Think of me that way now, like I'm away in the Army again, on an assignment for the military.\" " ]	[ 10.40625, 9.25, 8.7421875, 7.35546875, 6.96484375, 6.65625, 6.06640625, 5.734375, 5.6484375, 5.48046875, 5.453125, 5.1328125, 5.00390625, 4.85546875, 4.72265625, 4.33984375, 4.24609375, 3.904296875, 3.802734375, 3.46875, 2.2890625, 2.03515625, 0.82275390625, 0.271484375, -0.2607421875, -0.6064453125, -1.712890625, -2.76953125, -3.255859375, -3.560546875, -3.56640625, -4.33984375 ]
Who was Oliver North's secretary during the Irangate scandal?	[ "National Security Council staffer Marine Lieutenant Cololonel Oliver North, and his secretary Fawn Hall. Hall testified on June 8 and 9, 1987, and North testified from July 7 to July 14. Both became nationally known. So many viewers considered North's demeanor to be so professional and patriotic that he became somewhat of a national hero. Not all the popular culture about Oliver North, however, is supportive. Whenever President Reagan shows up in the Iran-Contra pop culture, it is always in the context of questioning the credibility of his stated knowledge of actions of his subordinates.", "* November 21 – Iran-Contra Affair: National Security Council member Oliver North and his secretary, Fawn Hall, start shredding documents implicating them in selling weapons to Iran and channeling the proceeds to help fund the Contra rebels in Nicaragua.", "The scandal was compounded when Oliver North destroyed or hid pertinent documents between November 21 and November 25, 1986. During North's trial in 1989, his secretary, Fawn Hall, testified extensively about helping North alter, shred, and remove official United States National Security Council (NSC) documents from the White House. According to the New York Times, enough documents were put into a government shredder to jam it. North's explanation for destroying some documents was to protect the lives of individuals involved in Iran and Contra operations. It was not until 1993, years after the trial, that North's notebooks were made public, and only after the National Security Archive and Public Citizen sued the Office of the Independent Counsel under the Freedom of Information Act. ", "Oliver North and John Poindexter were indicted on multiple charges on March 16, 1988. North, indicted on 16 counts, was found guilty by a jury of three felony counts. The convictions were vacated on appeal on the grounds that North's Fifth Amendment rights may have been violated by the indirect use of his testimony to Congress, which had been given under a grant of immunity. In 1990, Poindexter was convicted on several felony counts of conspiracy, lying to Congress, obstruction of justice, and altering and destroying documents pertinent to the investigation. His convictions were also overturned on appeal on similar grounds. Arthur L. Liman served as chief counsel for the Senate during the Iran–Contra Scandal. ", "John Poindexter and Oliver North are investigated by Congress in the 'Irangate' affair for diverting money from arms sales to Iran to the Nicaraguan Contras", "Carlucci had been chosen to head the troubled National Security Council (NSC) in the aftermath of the Iran-Contra scandal. Powell was not a stranger to the NSC’s dealings under Admiral John Poindexter and Oliver North; he had first confronted the issue of arms sales to Iran while working under Weinberger at the Defense Department. Yet, even though he had been aware of the covert activities, he remained above reproach because he had always acted according to law and had not become involved until after presidential approval had been given.", "Carlucci had been chosen to head the troubled National Security Council in the aftermath of the Iran -Contra scandal. Powell was not a stranger to the NSC’s dealings under Admiral John Poindexter and Oliver North; he had first confronted the issue of arms sales to Iran while working under Weinberger at the Defense Department. Yet, even though he had been aware of the covert activities, he was able to remain above reproach because he had always acted according to law and had not become involved until after presidential approval had been given.", "National Security Council officer Oliver North, running the secret and illegal network that diverts funds from US-Iranian arms sales to the Nicaraguan Contras (see December 6, 1985 and April 4, 1986 ), has a phone conversation with CIA official Alan Fiers (see Summer 1986 ). A diary entry by North documenting the conversation reads in part, “Felix talking too much about V.P. connection.” “Felix” is CIA agent Felix Rodriguez, a key member of North’s network (see May 27, 1987 ). It is not clear whether the “V.P.” notation refers to Vice President George H. W. Bush or to former CIA official Donald Gregg, now Bush’s foreign policy adviser and a liaison to Rodriguez. In later testimony before the Iran-Contra Congressional committee (see May 5, 1987 ), Gregg will deny that Bush’s office was involved in recruiting Rodriguez to work with North.", "On 12th December, 1986, Daniel Sheehan submitted to the court an affidavit detailing the Irangate scandal. He also claimed that Ted Shackley and Thomas Clines were running a private assassination program that had evolved from projects they ran while working for the CIA. Others named as being part of this assassination team included Rafael Quintero , Richard Secord , Felix Rodriguez and Albert Hakim . It later emerged that Gene Wheaton and Carl E. Jenkins were the two main sources for this affidavit.", "* The character Colonel Oliver Southern hints at Oliver North, known for his involvement in the Iran-Contra scandal.", "Another major news story of the decade was the Iran-Contra scandal and its subsequent hearings. Lieutenant Colonel Oliver North was a major player in secret transactions relating to the overthrow of the socialist government of Nicaragua while secretly financing the operation by selling arms to Iran. The televised hearings, where North admitted his guilt, made him an unlikely national hero.", " Although the details have long been known, the Iran/Contra scandal finally captures the media�s attention in 1986. Congress holds hearings, and several key figures (like Oliver North) lie under oath to protect the intelligence community. CIA Director William Casey dies of brain cancer before Congress can question him. All reforms enacted by Congress after the scandal are purely cosmetic.", "Other boners regarding Iran included the infamous Iran-Contra scandal of the 1980s, which made Oliver North a household name. Talk about your blowback... The CIA's role in the scandal was never proven, and only a single CIA official was ever indicted in the probe. Then-CIA director William Casey , renowned as one of the spookiest of all spooks, was strongly suspected of having a role in the affair, but he took his secrets to his deathbed (except for a controversial last-minute confession of evilness to which Bob Woodward claims to have been the sole witness).", "“When Nancy was sidelined, that's when he got in trouble, like Iran-Contra under Don Regan,” Marton said. “She would have smelled trouble with Ollie North,” the National Security Council staffer charged with illegally funneling money to Nicaraguan rebels.", "On the last day of Oliver North’s testimony to the Joint House-Senate Iran-Contra Committee (see July 7-10, 1987 ), ranking Republican Dick Cheney handles the questioning. Authors Lou Dubose and Jake Bernstein will observe that the questioning is more of “a duet than an interrogation.”", "1987 - Lt. Col. Oliver North became a daytime TV star, pulling in more viewers than many game shows and soap operas. He captured center stage as the Iran-Contra hearings were televised throughout the U.S.", "North came into the public spotlight as a result of his participation in the Iran–Contra affair, a political scandal during the Reagan administration, in which he claimed partial responsibility for the sale of weapons through intermediaries to Iran, with the profits being channeled to the Contras in Nicaragua. It was alleged that he was responsible for the establishment of a covert network which subsequently funneled those funds to the Contras. Congress passed the Boland Amendment (to the House Appropriations Bill of 1982 and following years), which prohibited the appropriation of U.S. funds by intelligence agencies for the support of the Contras. The money was passed through a shell organization, the National Endowment for the Preservation of Liberty, to the Palmer National Bank of Washington, D.C., and then to the Contras.", "North retired from the Marine Corps in 1989 and is still very much in the public eye. His books include \"Under Fire\" and \"Mission Compromised\". In 1994, he was defeated by Chuck Robb in a bid for the U.S. Senate, representing Virginia. He hosted \"War Stories with Oliver North\" on Fox News Channel from 2001 to 2016.", "North's most publicized assignment at NSC was to aid in negotiations for the Contras, a fighting force that was attempting to prevent a Communist regime, the Sandinistas, from taking power in Nicaragua. That led to his highly-publicized involvement in what came to be known as the Iran-Contra affair. North was the point man in a complicated trade-off that involved the sale of arms to Iran in exchange for the release of American hostages being held in Lebanon, then diverting the funds from those sales to aid the Contras in their fight to overthrow the Sandinista government.", "Hamilton and Cheney hold a press conference together about the Iran-Contra Affair investigation on June 19, 1987. [Source: J. Scott Applewhite]Future 9/11 Commission vice chairman Lee Hamilton (D-IN), at this time chairman of the House Intelligence Committee, fails to properly investigate Iran-Contra allegations. He learns of press reports indicating that the Reagan administration is illegally funneling weapons and money to the anti-Communist rebels in Nicaragua, but when the White House denies the story, Hamilton believes it. Hamilton will later acknowledge that he has been gullible, and will say of his political style, “I don’t go for the jugular.” It is during the Iran-Contra investigation that Hamilton becomes friends with Dick Cheney, at this time a Republican congressman.", "On November 21, 22 or 24, 1986, North said he witnessed Poindexter destroy what may have been the only signed copy of a presidential covert-action Finding that sought to authorize retroactively CIA participation in the November 1985 HAWK missile shipment to Iran. North said the Finding was destroyed because its language made clear that it was a swap of arms-for-hostages, and because public revelation of the fact that the United States had been involved in the ill-fated shipment would jeopardize the lives of Americans still being held hostage in the Middle East.35 Asked whether he felt he was part of a ``den of thieves,'' North answered he felt he was among honorable men. He said:", "Independent Counsel viewed the prosecution or cooperation of North as the key to the secrets behind the Iran/contra affair. When North refused to enter into plea negotiations leading to a cooperation agreement, it left no alternative but to proceed with prosecution, even though it presented unusual difficulties.", "In November 1986, after the Iran arms sales became public, North said he went along with what appeared to be a top-level agreement not to reveal information regarding the 1985 arms sales, including the fact that the President retroactively authorized in a covert-action Finding the November 1985 shipment of HAWK missiles to Iran. ``That 1985 shipment, particularly the HAWK shipment in November of 1985, had been a disaster. And we had, throughout, denied that we were involved in it, even though we were. And the reason we denied that is because the Iranians themselves were so upset about it,'' North said.33", "In December 2008 Obama selected Clinton to serve as secretary of state, and she was easily confirmed by the Senate in January 2009. Clinton’s tenure as secretary of state was widely praised for improving U.S. foreign relationships. She resigned from her post in 2013 and was replaced by former Massachusetts senator John Kerry . Hard Choices, a memoir of her experiences as secretary of state, was published in 2014. The following year it was revealed that she had used a private e-mail address and server while secretary of state, which raised concerns over both security and government transparency. The FBI eventually launched an investigation into the matter.", "Count Six: Obstruction and aiding and abetting in the obstruction of congressional investigations in November 1986, charging that North helped draft a false chronology of the Iran arms sales and altered and destroyed documents in response to congressional inquiries into the Iran initiative.", "US counter-terrorism czar Richard Clarke, Michael Sheehan, and Jamie Rubin participated in what they called \"Operation Orient Express.\" From page 201 of Clarke's book Against All Enemies: \"Albright and I and a handful of others (Michael Sheehan, Jamie Rubin) had entered into a pact together in 1996 to oust Boutros-Ghali as Secretary General of the United Nations, a secret plan we had called Operation Orient Express, reflecting our hope that many nations would join us in doing in the UN head. In the end, the US had to do it alone (with its UN veto) and Sheehan and I had to prevent the President from giving in to pressure from world leaders and extending Boutros-Ghali's tenure, often by our racing to the Oval Office when we were alerted that a head of state was telephoning the President. In the end Clinton was impressed that we had managed not only to oust Boutros-Ghali but to have Kofi Annan selected to replace him. (Clinton told Sheehan and me, 'Get me a crow, I should eat a crow, because I said you would never pull it off.')\"", "As Secretary of State in the Obama administration from 2009 to 2013, Clinton responded to the Arab Spring, during which she advocated the U.S. military intervention in Libya. She helped organize a diplomatic isolation and international sanctions regime against Iran, in an effort to force curtailment of that country's nuclear program; this would eventually lead to the multinational Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action being agreed to in 2015. Leaving office after Obama's first term, she wrote her fifth book and undertook speaking engagements before announcing her second presidential run in the 2016 election. Clinton won the Democratic primaries and the 2016 Democratic nomination ahead of Senator Bernie Sanders, becoming the first woman to be nominated for president by a major U.S. political party.", "Russian President Vladimir Putin is also believed to have been nominated by an advocacy group in his country, for his contribution in crafting the diplomatic initiative that prevented armed international intervention in Syria. Also nominated for their role in strengthening peace by uncovering the mass surveillance programmes of the United States and Britain, and the disclosure of secret war documents were the whistleblowers Edward Snowden and Chelsea Manning (formerly Bradley Manning).", "Bush's envoy to the new government, Zalmay Khalizad, also worked for Unocal. He drew up the risk analysis for the pipeline in 1997, lobbied for the Taliban and took part in negotiations with them. Khalizad was a special advisor to the State Department under Reagan and a key liaison with the mujahideen. He is now on the National Security Council, reporting to National Security Advisor Condoleezza Rice.", "WaPo Writer Discovered on Payroll of Pro-Iran 'Echo Chamber' Architect . A Washington Post writer who recently claimed that a $400 million cash payment to Iran was \"American diplomacy at its finest\" failed to disclose that he has been on the payroll of an organization that emerged as a chief architect of the White House's self-described campaign to build a pro-Iran \"echo chamber,\" according to information obtained by the Washington Free Beacon. Allen S. Weiner, a Stanford law professor and contributor to the Post's opinions section, co-authored a piece arguing in favor of the Obama administration's decision to pay Iran $400 million in hard currency in what many described as a \"ransom payment\" for the release of several U.S. hostages. Weiner and the Post failed to disclose that the writer has long been on the payroll of the Ploughshares Fund, an organization recently exposed as a key cog in a White House-orchestrated campaign to build what it called a pro-Iran \"echo chamber.\"", "‘My emails were what we would now call blogging. It was the early 1990s.’ Her emails were popular in circles of power in Washington and Geneva where she often worked. Diplomats from developing and non-aligned countries also got in touch: ‘I was able to provide them with information about what the major nuclear-armed states were doing to undermine the objective of the treaty.’", "As an example, three months before Obama publicly referred to his wife as “Michael,” blogger Matthew B. Glosser wrote on June 30, 2011 that he was contacted by “an anonymous source” who claimed to be a former White House staff member of the Obama administration, specifically “a former member of the First Lady’s personal staff.” The source claimed to have sensitive information regarding a stunning revelation about Michelle Obama and wanted to arrange a meeting with Glosser in person to present the evidence for this claim." ]	[ 4.54296875, 4.234375, 3.931640625, 0.72607421875, -0.347900390625, -0.358154296875, -0.419921875, -0.9375, -0.982421875, -1.2763671875, -1.3916015625, -1.4130859375, -1.6171875, -2.61328125, -2.64453125, -3.72265625, -3.86328125, -4.734375, -5, -5.140625, -5.3984375, -6.65625, -6.796875, -7.70703125, -7.87109375, -7.890625, -8.078125, -8.578125, -8.921875, -9.7421875, -10.3203125, -10.609375 ]
Which singer married director Blake Edwards?	[ "Actress/singer Julie Andrews and \"Pink Panther\" director Blake Edwards married on November 12, 1969. (Photo by Kevin Winter/Getty Images)", "Julie Andrews & ... Actress/singer Julie Andrews and \"Pink Panther\" director Blake Edwards married on November 12, 1969. (Photo by Kevin Winter/Getty Images)", "Singer/Actress Julie Andrews included the song on her 1987 album 'Love Me Tender' as a birthday present for husband Blake Edwards", "Before they were married, Julie Andrews and Blake Edwards in Hollywood, California in 1967. Photo: Fotos International / Getty Images", "Not long after filming MILLIE, Andrews divorced her first husband, theatrical designer Tony Walton, and married motion-picture producer and director Blake Edwards, famed for his PINK PANTHER films. She began working in Edwards’ efforts, including 1970’s DARLING LILI. Andrews was also featured as actor Dudley Moore’s long-suffering girlfriend in Edwards’ 10. In 1981’s S.O.B., Edwards spoofed his wife’s wholesome image by making a big production of her character, Sally Miles, baring her breasts for the camera. Andrews perhaps moved even further from her former reputation when she portrayed a singing transvestite in Edwards’ 1982 motion picture, VICTOR/VICTORIA. The critics especially took her seriously in the latter role, and she received nominations for both an Academy Award and a Golden Globe for her part in the film.", "After 25 years as a successful director of comedies, Blake Edwards drew on bitter memories of his biggest flop for this manic but pitch-black satire on Hollywood filmmaking. The semi-autobiographical premise recalls Edwards’ attempt to remake the image of wife Julie Andrews from a family-friendly, wholesome star to a serious actress by casting her as a Mata Hari-like vamp in the 1970 Darling Lili. S.O.B.’s protagonist is a director who tries to salvage a failed film starring his wife by adding sex to it. Played by Andrews herself, the wife reluctantly agrees only to avoid ruin and to prevent her husband from killing himself, and in a case of life imitating art, her brief appearance bare-breasted dominated press coverage of the film.", "Robin Charles Thicke (; born March 10, 1977) is a Canadian-American singer, songwriter and record producer. Thicke has worked with several prominent artists, such as Christina Aguilera, Nicki Minaj, K. Michelle, Pharrell Williams, Usher, P!nk, Jennifer Hudson, Flo Rida, Kid Cudi and Mary J. Blige, among others. Thicke has also been acknowledged for his work on popular albums such as Usher's Confessions and Lil Wayne's Tha Carter III while garnering his own R&B hits in the US including \"Lost Without U\", \"Magic\", and \"Sex Therapy\". He rose to worldwide fame in 2013 with his hit single \"Blurred Lines\". He is the son of actor Alan Thicke and actress Gloria Loring and known for his former marriage to actress Paula Patton. In 2013 and 2014, their separation and divorce was covered extensively by the tabloid press including Thicke's efforts to reconcile with Patton.", "LONDON -- British singer Robbie Williams has married U.S. actress Ayda Field, his spokesman said on Sunday.", "George Glenn Jones (born September 12, 1931) is an American country music singer known for his long list of hit records, his distinctive voice and phrasing, and his marriage to Tammy Wynette.", "Jay Z is married to American R&B singer Beyoncé. In 2002, Jay Z and Beyoncé collaborated for the song \"'03 Bonnie & Clyde\". Jay Z also appeared on Beyoncé's hit single \"Crazy in Love\" as well as \"That's How You Like It\" from her debut album Dangerously in Love. On her second album, B'Day, he made appearances on the 2006 hits, \"Déjà Vu\" and \"Upgrade U\". In the video for the latter song, she comically imitates his appearance. The couple generally avoids discussing their relationship. Beyoncé has stated that she believes that not publicly discussing their relationship has helped them. Jay Z said in a People article, \"We don't play with our relationship.\" They kept a low profile while dating, and married in April 2008. It became a matter of public record on April 22, 2008, but Beyoncé did not publicly debut her $5 million Lorraine Schwartz-designed wedding ring until the Fashion Rocks concert on September 5, 2008 in New York City. ", "His own path navigated 3 engagements, 2 marriages and divorces, and the death of his only child. In 2001, he became a Jehovah Witness and said he was turning to monogamy after prior romantic links to Kim Basinger, Madonna, Sheila E., Carmen Electra, Anna Fantastic, Sherilyn Fenn, Susanna Hoffs of the Bangles, Susan Moonsie of Vanity 6, and Vanity, herself, another singer who underwent a Christian conversion and also died this year.", "As for marriages, Marie Osmond remarried her first husband Stephen Craig , 29 years after they first exchanged vows and in the same wedding dress. Wedding bells also rang for Kings Of Leon frontman Caleb Followill and Victoria's Secret supermodel Lily Aldridge , while country king and queen Blake Shelton and Miranda Lambert also became man and wife in Texas.", "Beyoncé started a relationship with Shawn \"Jay Z\" Carter after their collaboration on \"'03 Bonnie & Clyde\", which appeared on his seventh album The Blueprint 2: The Gift & The Curse (2002). Beyoncé appeared as Jay Z's girlfriend in the music video for the song, fuelling speculation about their relationship. On April 4, 2008, Beyoncé and Jay Z married without publicity. As of April 2014, the couple had sold a combined 300 million records together. They are known for their private relationship, although they have appeared to become more relaxed in recent years. ", "In 2012, we knew that Ryan Reynolds was romantically linked to \"Gossip Girl\" actress Blake Lively, but no one saw their Southern wedding coming . That August, Lively and Reynolds secretly said \"I do\" in South Carolina. Even though the wedding had Florence Welch of Florence and the Machine performing, somehow the couple managed to keep the ceremony so under wraps, we still don't know what the bride wore.", "In 2008, Beyoncé married rapper and music mogul Jay-Z in a small, private ceremony in New York City. Among the guests sighted at the wedding were Beyoncé's mother Tina Knowles; her father and manager Matthew; her sister Solange ; Destiny's Child members Kelly Rowland and Michelle Williams ; and friend Gwyneth Paltrow .", "Jay-Z's most public relationship has been with American R&B singer Beyoncé Knowles , a former member of Destiny's Child . In 2002, Jay-Z & Beyoncé collaborated for the song \"Bonnie & Clyde\". Jay-Z also appeared on Knowles' hit single \" Crazy In Love \" and as well as \"That's How You Like It\" from her debut Dangerously in Love . On her second album, B'Day , he made appearances on the 2006 hits, \" Déjà Vu \" and \" Upgrade U \". In the video for the latter song, she comically imitates his appearance. [96]", "Married stars Miranda Lambert and Blake Shelton won female vocalist and male vocalist of the year respectively for the fourth year in a row.", "He's a little bit country; she's a little bit rock: \"The Voice\" judges Gwen Stefani and Blake Shelton are dating, his rep confirmed to E! in 2015. Both were previously married to other musicians: She to Gavin Rossdale of Bush, he to country star Miranda Lambert.", "Blake Edwards' stepfather's father J. Gordon Edwards was a silent screen director, and his stepfather Jack McEdward was a stage director and movie production manager. Blake acted in a number films, beginning with Ten Gentlemen from West Point (1942) and wrote a number of others, beginning with Panhandle (1948) and including six for director Richard Quine . He created the popular TV series Peter Gunn (1958), Mr. Lucky (1959) and Dante (1960). He directed a diverse body of films, from comedies to dramas to war films to westerns, including such pictures as Operation Petticoat (1959), Breakfast at Tiffany's (1961), Experiment in Terror (1962), Days of Wine and Roses (1962), The Pink Panther (1963) and A Shot in the Dark (1964). After The Great Race (1965) he began fighting with studios. In England he surfaced again with The Return of the Pink Panther (1975), then went back to Hollywood and a real hit, 10 (1979). Victor Victoria (1982) won him French and Italian awards for Best Foreign Film.", "During the 1970s, she was also highly prominent on the pop charts, with Top 10 recordings such as \"The Way We Were\" (US No. 1), \"Evergreen (Love Theme from A Star Is Born)\" (US No. 1), \"No More Tears (Enough Is Enough)\" (1979, with Donna Summer), which as of 2010 is reportedly still the most commercially successful duet, (US No. 1), \"You Don't Bring Me Flowers\" (with Neil Diamond) (US No. 1) and \"The Main Event\" (US No. 3), some of which came from soundtrack recordings of her films. As the 1970s ended, Streisand was named the most successful female singer in the U.S. — only Elvis Presley and The Beatles had sold more albums. In 1980, she released her best-selling effort to date, the Barry Gibb-produced Guilty. The album contained the hits \"Woman in Love\" (which spent several weeks on top of the pop charts in the fall of 1980), \"Guilty\", and \"What Kind of Fool\".", "Sam Watters pursued a second career as a record producer, achieving success in later years with Jessica Simpson, Celine Dion, Fantasia, Anastacia, Natasha Bedingfield, Kelly Clarkson, 98 Degrees, Blake Lewis. Watters is also a member of the production/songwriting team, The Runaways, which also includes Rico Love, Wayne Wilkins, Ryan Tedder, and Louis Biancaniello. Watters married R&B singer and former American Idol contestant Tamyra Gray in 2006.", "Jack White married British model Karen Elson, whom he had met on the set of the 'Blue Orchid' music video, on June 4, 2005. The White Stripes released a cover version of Tegan and Sara's song 'Walking with a Ghost' on iTunes in November 2005. The song was later released in December as the Walking with a Ghost EP featuring four other live tracks.", "** Nicole was married to actor, Tom Cruise (see Mapother), and is currently married to country singer, Keith Urban.", "In the 1990s she broke several personal records: with two #1 albums (\"Back to Broadway\" in 1993 and \"Higher Ground\" in 1997) and became the only artist to achieve a #1 album on the Billboard charts in the 1960s, 1970s, 1980s and 1990s (she extended this record into the 21st century in 2009 with the jazz album \"Love is the Answer\"). In 1996 she starred in her third and last picture as director, The Mirror Has Two Faces (1996), with Jeff Bridges and Lauren Bacall . The film had a \"the girl got the guy\" ending, and the same happened to her in real life--the next year she married well known TV actor James Brolin .", "The former model and charity campaigner gives a rare insight into her marriage with the most famous man in music", "Allman has dated Bijou Phillips, Heather Graham, Kate Hudson, and Paris Hilton. He married Marieangela \"Queenie\" King, of the band KING and sister of Jazzy and Ruby King from the British pop duo Blonde Electra, on December 1, 2013. ", "Her \"Back To Black\" album was inspired by her relationship with Blake Fielder-Civil prior to their marriage.", "Carpenter dated a number of well-known men, including Mike Curb, Tony Danza, Terry Ellis, Mark Harmon, Steve Martin, and Alan Osmond. After a whirlwind romance, she married real-estate developer Thomas James Burris on August 31, 1980, in the Crystal Room of the Beverly Hills Hotel. Burris, divorced with an 18-year-old son, was nine years her senior. A new song performed by Carpenter at the ceremony, \"Because We Are in Love\", was released in 1981. Burris concealed from Carpenter, who desperately wanted children, the fact that he had undergone a vasectomy. Their marriage did not survive the deceit and ended after 14 months. In addition to that, Burris was said to have been broke and living well beyond his means, borrowing up to $35,000 and $50,000 at a time from his wife, to the point that she had only stocks and bonds left. He was also said to have been abusive towards her, often being impatient with Karen, who shared with close friends that she remained fearful when he would occasionally lose his temper with her. Close friend Karen \"Itchie\" Ramone recounted one incident where she and Carpenter went to their normal hangout, Hamburger Hamlet, and Karen appeared to be distant emotionally, sitting not at their regular table but in the dark, and wearing large dark sunglasses, unable to eat and crying. According to Itchie, the marriage was \"the straw that broke the camel's back. It was absolutely the worse thing that could have ever happened to her.\" ", "Paul became engaged to Lauren Parsekian in Paris on January 1, 2012. The two met at the Coachella Music Festival in Indio, California. They were married on May 26, 2013 in a 1920s Parisian carnival-themed wedding in Malibu, California, with music provided by Foster the People and John Mayer. Paul emailed the entire guest list the song \"Beauty\" by The Shivers and asked them to learn the words so they could sing along during the ceremony.", "* Blake Edwards was nominated for the Directors Guild of America Award for Outstanding Directorial Achievement in Motion Pictures.", "Cole portrayed herself in Livin' for Love: The Natalie Cole Story, a 2000 television movie that depicted her drug addiction. She was married three times.", "Only person to achieve Billboard #1 albums in each of the past six decades. 1964 \"People\", 1974 \"The Way We Were\", 1976 \"Greatest Hits Vol. 2\", 1978 \"A Star Is Born\", 1980 \"Guilty\", 1985 \"The Broadway Album\", 1993 \"Back To Broadway\", 1997 \"Higher Ground\", 2009 \"Love Is The Answer\", 2014 \"Partners\"." ]	[ 7.0234375, 6.18359375, 3.494140625, 2.6640625, 1.5712890625, 0.461669921875, -2.1953125, -2.8203125, -3.521484375, -3.60546875, -3.66015625, -3.71484375, -3.802734375, -3.814453125, -4.19921875, -4.21875, -4.390625, -4.46484375, -4.48046875, -4.6875, -4.6953125, -4.81640625, -5.2578125, -5.33984375, -5.8828125, -6.109375, -6.55859375, -7.046875, -7.046875, -7.17578125, -7.484375, -8.484375 ]
"What relation was ""Waldorf Astor, who became a British member of Parliament, to US millionaire John Jacob Astor?"	[ "I saw from the Times of 21 September 1911 that one of the Olympic's passengers at the time of the collision with HMS Hawke in the Solent was a Mr Waldorf Astor, then a Conservative member of the House of Commons. I wonder if he is any relation to John Jacob Astor who, as we all know, went down with the Olympic's sister ship? With a name like Waldorf, I recokon it cannot be mere co-incidence.", "Fourth child and second son William Backhouse Astor was the grandfather of John Jacob Astor IV, who died on the Titanic, and William Waldorf Astor, who founded the British line of Astors and was the father of the the member of Parliament Waldolf Astor.", "Her father-in-law, William Waldorf Astor, was the great grandson of John Jacob Astor. He became a naturalized British subject, bought Hever Castle -- pouring millions into restoring it, got elected member of Parliament in 1910, raised to peerage in 1916 (House of Lords), and then was created Viscount Astor in 1917. His son won his seat in the House of Commons. ", "Businessman, Disaster Victim. A victim of the RMS Titanic sinking, he was the great-grandson of patriarch John Jacob Astor I , the grandson of \"landlord of New York\" William Backhouse Astor, and the son of THE Mrs. William Astor, nee Caroline Schermerhorn , legendary queen of New York's elite \"400.\" He and his older cousin, William Waldorf Astor, built... [Read More] (Bio by: Nikita Barlow )", "JOHN JACOB III He was the son of William Backhouse Astor. He was just as haughty, just as cruel, and just as corrupt as his father and grandfather had been. He created ï¿½sweat shopsï¿½ for the poor masses living in his New York tenements. He also supported corrupt politicians such as the criminal ï¿½Bossï¿½ Tweed who ran NYC. The Tweed Ring stole millions of dollars from the city of New York. Before they finally got caught and sent to prison Mayor Tweed and gang cost the city $200 million. Again John Jacob Astor IIIï¿½s power allowed his involvement to be basically overlooked by the press, while Tweed went to prison for life.", "* John Jacob Astor IV – millionaire businessman, real estate developer, inventor, writer and a lieutenant colonel in the Spanish–American War", "It was William Waldorf Astor who established the English line of Astors. After a bitter argument with his cousin Caroline (JJA IV's older sister), William moved his family to England in 1891. He became an English citizen in 1899.", "British Politician. He gave his second son John Astor (he dropped the Jacob to have his name sound more British) Hever Castle and thereby created the Hever branch of the English Astor family. Like his older brother educated at Eton and Oxford, John Astor lived the life of a typical English gentleman, distinguishing himself in World War I and being a member of Parliament for 23 years. Like his father, he acquired a newspaper, the London \"Times\", Great Britian's most prestigious paper. This made... [Read More]", "THE FAMILY IN EUROPE The family may have moved from Savoy to Waldorf, Germany. Although it is not a certainty, the best explanation from the available clues indicates that Waldorfï¿½s coven had some important personages in the witchcraft/satanic system and that Johann Astorï¿½s family had power. At that time in Europe, the Astor family had no chance to turn their occult power into success. The power and class structure In Europe was rigid and grid locked. The boundaries between peasant and aristocracy were solidly in place. So the family looked to the New World to transmute their position in the Satanic hierarchy into financial wealth and power. Johann Astor In Waldorf was only a butcher. His best son John Jacob (1763-1848) was selected to establish the House of Astor in America.", "* Directly successively - Waldorf Astor (later 2nd Viscount Astor), who was MP for Plymouth December 1910-December 1918 and Plymouth Sutton December 1918-October 1919 (on succession to hereditary peerage), and Nancy Astor, Viscountess Astor, who succeeded him as MP for the latter seat, becoming the first woman to take her seat in the Commons, from by-election in November 1919 until July 1945.", "The Astors, William Waldorf Astor was immensely rich and purchased Cliveden for $1.25 million. In 1894 Mamie, Lady Astor died at the age of 36. William was devastated and became almost a recluse at Cliveden spending all of his time and effort on changes to the House and his home in London.", "Lady Astor won the Plymouth Sutton constituency for the Tories after her husband, Viscount Waldorf Astor, was forced to resign as an MP after becoming a peer.", "William Waldorf \"Bill\" Astor II, 3rd Viscount Astor (13 August 1907 – 7 March 1966) was an English businessman and Conservative Party politician. He was also a member of the Astor family.", "Astor left parliament for a time, but returned as the Conservative MP for Wycombe in the 1951 general election, serving for ten months. On his father's death in 1952, he inherited his title, becoming the 3rd Viscount Astor. Astor took his seat in the House of Lords, forcing a by-election in Wycombe, which was won by the Conservative candidate John Hall. During the 1963 Profumo Affair Astor was accused of having an affair with Mandy Rice-Davies. In response to being told during one of the trials arising out of the scandal that Astor had denied having an affair with her, Rice-Davies famously replied \"He would, wouldn't he?\"", "Civil War Union Brevet Brigadier General, Financier. Grandson of patriarch John Jacob Astor I and son of William Backhouse Astor. He devoted his life to philanthropy and civic affairs. He and his wife Charlotte provided funding for a host of charities, including the Children's Aid Society, the Astor Library, the Metropolitan Museum of Art, and the New York Cancer Hospital. During the Civil War, he served as an volunteer Aide-de-Camp to General George B. McClellan, and recieved the brevet of... [Read More]", "The home, a sea-facing mansion, was built in 1910 for Viscount William Waldorf Astor and his wife, Nancy. The viscount, whose father built the Waldorf Astoria, the New York hotel, belonged to one of the most famous and wealthy families in the United States, but he relocated to Britain in the late 1800s.", "From here the castle passed through the hands of several owners including the Waldegraves, the Humfreys and the Meade Waldos. In 1903 the American millionaire, William Aldorf Astor, purchased Hever. He went about restoring the castle, building the Tudor village and creating the gardens and lake.", "Intrigued by mechanics and technology, Astor also loved horses, fast cars, tennis and yachting. In 1891 he married Alva Lowle Willing, of Philadelphia. Considered one of the great beauties in society, their alliance was seen as ideal. Both, particularly Astor, were thought quite fortunate. A bridge fanatic, who shared none of her husband's interests, Alva Astor openly mocked him. Just the same they had had two children, William Vincent and Alva Alice Muriel. As a break from matrimonial discord, Astor saw action in the Spanish American War, earning the rank of Colonel.", "The building subsequently passed through various owners, including the Waldegrave family in 1557 and the Meade Waldo family from 1749 to 1903. During this latter period of ownership the castle fell into a poor state of repair, during which time it was leased to various private tenants. In 1903 it was acquired and restored by the American millionaire William Waldorf Astor, who used it as a family residence. He added the Italian Garden to display his collection of statury and ornaments. ", "For the next three and a half centuries, Hever Castle went through a series of owners and an eventual decline that ended in 1903, when it was purchased by the American millionaire, William Waldorf Astor. Astor went about meticulously restoring Hever, carefully maintaining the original external appearance and staying as true as possible on the interior to the Tudor style. Although many of the rooms were converted into more modern living areas, others, like Anne's bedroom, were kept largely intact, and all the rooms today include art and artifacts either from Tudor times or related to the Boleyn family and Henry VIII and his six wives. Outside the castle, Astor improved and expanded the grounds, including the creation of a 35 acre lake, a walking path called \"Anne Boleyn's Walk,\" and several beautiful gardens dotted with classical Italian sculptures. Anne's spirit must approve of these modern additions because her ghost reportedly still wanders the gardens and bridges surrounding the castle.", "Today, much of what you see is the result of the remarkable efforts of William Waldorf Astor, who used his fortune to restore and extend the Castle in the early 20th century. The Astor Suite is dedicated to its more recent history, showcasing pictures and memorabilia relating to the Astor family and the Edwardian period.", "For two old Etonians, their social backgrounds could hardly have been more contrasting. Orwell (nï¿½ Eric Blair) was born in Bengal, the son of an official in the Indian Civil Service. He joined the imperial police force in Burma before taking up writing and tramping and writing about tramping. Astor was a scion of a multi-millionaire Anglo-American family. His mother, Nancy, was the first woman to sit in the House of Commons. Their country seat, Cliveden, was the scene of the kind of Edwardian lavishness that, were it not for Merchant and Ivory, would tax the modern imagination. Orwell wanted an end to the class system and economic inequality. Astor was a patrician liberal. Yet the two hit it off immediately.", "Before and after the American Revolution , the area belonged to John Morin Scott, a general of the New York militia where he served under George Washington. Scott's Manor House was at what is now 43rd Street, surrounded by countryside used for farming and breeding horses. In the first half of the 19th century it became one of the prized possessions of John Jacob Astor , who made a second fortune selling off lots to hotels and other real estate concerns as the city rapidly spread uptown .", "The 1920s were Astor's most positive period in Parliament, when she made several effective speeches and introduced a bill that passed. Although she was not always the ideal Member of Parliament, her wealth and striking persona brought some attention to women in the House. She worked to bring more women into the civil service and the police force and to reform education and the House of Lords. In addition, she remained popular in her district and well liked in the U.S. during the 1920s, but this period of success would not continue forever.", "This list shows HJ Allison, his wife and his daughter. We know that JJ Astor travelled with his wife Madeline, but she is not listed beside him. Why do you think this is?", "Even the fabulously rich have their economies, Richard Morris Hunt's imposing double house on 5th Avenue at 65th Street, had a common ballroom. It was shared by Col. Astor with his mother , wife and children. On inheriting it, the Colonel quickly made the houses into a single dwelling. ", "** American-born Nancy Astor, Viscountess Astor, becomes the first woman to take her seat in the House of Commons of the United Kingdom, having become the second to be elected on November 28. ", "William Henry Vanderbilt I (May 8, 1821 ï¿½ December 8, 1885) was an American businessman and a member of the prominent Vanderbilt family. Childhood William Vanderbilt was born in New Brunswick, New Jersey in 1821. He inherited nearly $100 million from his father, railroad mogul and family patriarch \"The Commodore\" Cornelius Vanderbilt upon his death in 1877 and had increased it to almost $194 million at his death less than nine years later. When he died, he was the richest man in the world. In 1841 he married Maria Louisa Kissam (1821ï¿½1896), the daughter of a Presbyterian minister. Vanderbilt said in an interview with the Chicago Daily News on October 9, 1882, \"The railroads are not run for the benefit of the 'dear public' ï¿½ that cry is all nonsense ï¿½ they are built by men who invest...", "* Isabella (1801–1886) married her cousin Spencer Horatio Walpole in 1835 and was the only one of Perceval's daughters to have children. Her husband was a lawyer who became an MP in 1846 and served as home secretary. They lived in the Hall on Ealing Green, next-door to Isabella's four unmarried sisters.", "Though they were outsiders in terms of social position at the start of the nineteenth century, by the end of that same epoch the Rothschilds’ wealth proved to be the key to open doors previously barred by the sectarian bigotry that regularly beset them because of their Jewish roots. The English branch, N.M. Rothschild & Co., headed by Lionel Rothschild, became the major force within the dynasty. He promoted the family interests by befriending Queen Victoria’s husband, Prince Albert, whose chronic shortage of money provided easy access to his patronage. The Rothschilds bought shares for Albert through an intermediary, and in 1850 Lionel ‘loaned’ Queen Victoria and her consort sufficient funds to purchase the lease on Balmoral Castle and its 10,000 acres. [36] Lionel was succeeded by his son Nathaniel, or Natty, who as head of the London House became by far the richest man in the world.", "Lionel Nathan de Rothschild was born in London in 1808, the eldest son and main business heir of Nathan Mayer Rothschild. He spent some time at the University of Göttingen, before embarking on an apprenticeship in the family businesses. Lionel and his wife Charlotte entertained a wide circle of friends at 148 Piccadilly and at Gunnersbury Park, many of whom actively supported Lionel's campaign to become the first Jewish Member of Parliament. He took his seat as Liberal Member for the City of London in 1858, 11 years after he was first elected.", "Hugh Lupus Grosvenor, 1st Duke of Westminster, (13 October 1825 – 22 December 1899), styled Viscount Belgrave between 1831 and 1845 and Earl Grosvenor between 1845 and 1869 and known as The Marquess of Westminster between 1869 and 1874, was an English landowner, politician and racehorse owner." ]	[ 1.7197265625, 1.2900390625, 0.89599609375, 0.17724609375, -1.1748046875, -1.185546875, -1.3203125, -1.515625, -1.5478515625, -1.6220703125, -1.8134765625, -1.9619140625, -2.10546875, -2.150390625, -2.416015625, -2.787109375, -2.802734375, -2.853515625, -3.177734375, -3.205078125, -3.6015625, -3.681640625, -3.80859375, -4.01171875, -5.59765625, -5.7734375, -6.9921875, -8.0546875, -8.1015625, -8.203125, -8.515625, -9.4921875 ]
For which movie did Meryl Streep win her first Oscar?	[ "Streep won her first Oscar for her performance in the 1979 film \"Kramer vs. Kramer\" co-starring Dustin Hoffman.", "Meryl Streep first came to fame in 1979, when she won an Emmy for her performance in the TV miniseries Holocaust and was nominated for her first Oscar for the 1978 film The Deer Hunter (starring Robert DeNiro and Christopher Walken ).", "Meryl Streep (Mary Louise Streep) was born 22 June 1949 in Summit, New Jersey. She attended Vassar College, Dartmouth and Yale, majoring in drama at the latter institution though her childhood interest had been opera. (She studied with Beverly Sills' coach.) A member of the New York Public Theater, she made her film debut in 1977's Julia. The following year she earned the first of many Academy Award nominations for her role in The Deer Hunter. That same year she won an Emmy for her performance in the highly-regarded TV mini-series Holocaust. For the remainder of the Seventies she continued to establish herself as an actress of remarkable range and talent, starring as a seductress in The Seduction of Joe Tynan, Woody Allen's ex-wife in Manhattan, and as a wife who abandons her husband (Dustin Hoffman) in Kramer vs. Kramer, for which she won her first Oscar (Best Supporting Actress).", "Mary Louise \"Meryl\" Streep (born June 22, 1949) is an American actress. Cited in the media as the \"best actress of her generation\", Streep is particularly known for her versatility in her roles, transformation into the characters she plays, and her accent adaptation. She made her professional stage debut in The Playboy of Seville in 1971, and went on to receive a 1976 Tony Award nomination for Best Featured Actress in a Play for A Memory of Two Mondays/27 Wagons Full of Cotton. She made her screen debut in the 1977 television film The Deadliest Season, and made her film debut later that same year in Julia. In 1978, she won an Emmy Award for her role in the miniseries Holocaust, and received her first Academy Award nomination for The Deer Hunter. Nominated for 19 Academy Awards in total, Streep has more nominations than any other actor or actress in history; she won Best Supporting Actress for Kramer vs. Kramer (1979), and Best Actress for Sophie's Choice (1982) and for The Iron Lady (2011).", "Meryl Streep accepts the Oscar for best Actress for her role in the film \"Iron Lady.\" Credit Monica Almeida/The New York Times", "Amazing movie transformations – Meryl Streep won an Oscar for her portrayal of British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher in 2011's \"The Iron Lady,\" and so did members of her makeup team. They told Entertainment Weekly they pulled it off by working around Streep's natural facial elements.", "In 1979, Streep appeared in Woody Allen's Manhattan, along with Allen and Diane Keaton. This was followed by Kramer vs. Kramer, a performance that propelled Streep into the big time. She won an Oscar and a Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actress for her performance in Kramer vs. Kramer. The film also featured Dustin Hoffman.", "Although Meryl Streep, seen here top right, did not win the Best Actress award for \"The Bridges of Madison County\" at the 1996 Oscars, the actress still has plenty of awards on her mantle -- including the two Academy Awards she won for her work in \"Kramer vs. Kramer\" and \"Sophie's Choice.\"", "Meryl Streep is seen at the 1980 Oscars, where she won the best supporting actress honor for \"Kramer vs. Kramer.\"", "Meryl Streep at the 55th Academy Awards ceremony with her Oscar for best actress, awarded for her role in 'Sophie's Choice', directed by Alan J. Pakula, 11th April 1983.", "1983: Streep's second win came just three years after her first, for the holocaust tearjerker Sophie's Choice. She beat out Frances star Jessica Lange in the Best Actress in a Leading Role category — but Lange ended up winning in the Supporting Role category for Tootsie.", "Meryl Streep earned a best actress nomination in January 2012 for her portrayal of Margaret Thatcher in \"The Iron Lady.\" This marks her 17th nomination. Throughout Oscar history, Streep previously received 16 nods and has only won two awards. She has already won the best actress - drama Golden Globe award this year for \"The Iron Lady.\"", "Is one of 13 actresses who won their Best Supporting Actress Oscars in a movie that also won the Best Picture Oscar (she won for Shakespeare in Love (1998)). The others are Hattie McDaniel for Gone with the Wind (1939), Teresa Wright for Mrs. Miniver (1942), Celeste Holm for Gentleman's Agreement (1947), Mercedes McCambridge for All the King's Men (1949), Donna Reed for From Here to Eternity (1953), Eva Marie Saint for On the Waterfront (1954), Rita Moreno for West Side Story (1961), Meryl Streep for Kramer vs. Kramer (1979), Juliette Binoche for The English Patient (1996), Jennifer Connelly for A Beautiful Mind (2001), Catherine Zeta-Jones for Chicago (2002) and Lupita Nyong'o for 12 Years a Slave (2013).", "Is one of 13 actresses who won their Best Supporting Actress Oscars in a movie that also won the Best Picture Oscar (she won for The English Patient (1996)). The others are Hattie McDaniel for Gone with the Wind (1939), Teresa Wright for Mrs. Miniver (1942), Celeste Holm for Gentleman's Agreement (1947), Mercedes McCambridge for All the King's Men (1949), Donna Reed for From Here to Eternity (1953), Eva Marie Saint for On the Waterfront (1954), Rita Moreno for West Side Story (1961), Meryl Streep for Kramer vs. Kramer (1979), Judi Dench for Shakespeare in Love (1998), Jennifer Connelly for A Beautiful Mind (2001), Catherine Zeta-Jones for Chicago (2002) and Lupita Nyong'o for 12 Years a Slave (2013).", "The Best Actress nominees included two oft-nominated Oscar favorites - Meryl Streep and Kate Winslet, with the latter winning her first Oscar:", "Meryl Streep picked up her third Oscar at the Academy Awards ceremony for her starring role in \" The Iron Lady .\"", "Numerous critics thought that the movie version of \"The Bridges of Madison County,\" which came out in 1995 and starred Streep and Clint Eastwood, was better than the syrupy best-selling book. Streep was again nominated for a best actress Oscar but did not win.", "Streep earned another Oscar nomination in 1995 for playing opposite Clint Eastwood in this romantic drama based on the best-selling novel of the same name. Interestingly enough, Eastwood also directed and produced the film.", "Is one of 11 actresses who won the Best Actress Oscar for a move that also won the Best Picture Oscar (she won for The Silence of the Lambs (1991)). The others are Claudette Colbert for It Happened One Night (1934), Luise Rainer for The Great Ziegfeld (1936), Vivien Leigh for Gone with the Wind (1939), Greer Garson for Mrs. Miniver (1942), Louise Fletcher for One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest (1975), Diane Keaton for Annie Hall (1977), Shirley MacLaine for Terms of Endearment (1983), Jessica Tandy for Driving Miss Daisy (1989), Gwyneth Paltrow for Shakespeare in Love (1998) and Hilary Swank for Million Dollar Baby (2004).", "It's hard to predict if Florence Foster Jenkins will net Meryl Streep her 20th Oscar nomination, especially without having seen the film. However, we have no doubts that she will eventually break her own record and again be praised at the Academy Awards for her unparalleled acting abilities.", "Hepburn made her only appearance at the Academy Awards in 1974, to present the Irving G. Thalberg Memorial Award to Lawrence Weingarten. She received a standing ovation, and joked with the audience, \"I'm very happy I didn't hear anyone call out 'It's about time'.\" The following year, she was paired with John Wayne in the western Rooster Cogburn, a sequel to his Oscar-winning film True Grit. Echoing her African Queen character, Hepburn again played a deeply religious spinster who teams up with a masculine loner to avenge a family member's death. The movie received mediocre reviews. Its casting was enough to draw some people to the box office, but it did not meet studio expectations and was only moderately successful. ", "12 Years a Slave has won the best picture Oscar at the 86th Academy Awards, defeating a nine-strong field that included Gravity, The Wolf of Wall Street and American Hustle for the headline prize at this year's ceremony. 12 Years a Slave becomes the first film from a black director to take the best picture Oscar.", "Actress Meryl Streep hugs Honorary Oscar winner Irish actor Peter O'Toole during the 75th Academy Awards in 2003. TIMOTHY A. CLARY/AFP/Getty Images", "Born on June 22, 1949, actor's actor, Meryl Streep is a two-time Oscar winner, and recipient of ten Academy Award Nominations. ", "Long before she became the most nominated actress in Academy Awards history, Meryl Streep was just a rising star, pushing boundaries in what would become one of her most memorable roles.", "In an Oscar winning performance, Cate Blanchett portrayed Katharine Hepburn in the 2004 hit, The Aviator. She became the first actress to win an Oscar, based on a real-life actress who also won an Oscar.", "Meryl Streep has received a record 19 Oscar nominations in the last 37 years -- and she shows no signs of slowing down! Check out her many red carpet appearances at the Academy Awards from 1979 to 2014 Credit: Steve Granitz/WireImage", "Actress Meryl Streep speaks after receiving the Monte Cristo Award, which celebrates a theater artist who exemplifies the spirit of the legendary Eugene O'Neill, at the Edison Ballroom in New York on April 21, 2014. It's just one of a multitude of honors received by Streep, who is considered by many to be one of the nation's finest actresses.", "\"Hello, gorgeous\" are the first words uttered by Streisand in the film. After winning the Academy Award for Best Actress, Streisand's first comment when handed the Oscar statuette was \"Hello, gorgeous.\"", "Jane Fonda received worldwide recognition based on her performance. \"[Fonda] makes all the right choices, from the mechanics of her walk and her voice inflection to the penetration of the girl's raging psyche. It is a rare performance.\" She won an Oscar for Best Actress in a Leading Role and the film was nominated for Best Writing, Story and Screenplay Based on Factual Material or Material Not Previously Published or Produced. Fonda also received awards for her performance from the New York Film Critics Circle, Kansas City Film Critics Circle and the National Society of Film Critics.", "The film won seven Academy Awards and received three other nominations. At the 46th Academy Awards, Julia Phillips became the first female producer to be nominated for and to win Best Picture. ", "The first of the other heavily-nominated Best Picture nominees (below) was the only one that won Oscars:" ]	[ 7.3359375, 6.88671875, 6.828125, 6.21875, 3.166015625, 2.771484375, 2.68359375, 2.388671875, 2.279296875, 1.8271484375, 1.2568359375, 1.1064453125, 0.96826171875, 0.85302734375, -0.223876953125, -0.55859375, -0.73486328125, -1.1064453125, -1.685546875, -1.80859375, -2.0390625, -2.689453125, -3.08203125, -3.123046875, -3.888671875, -4.27734375, -4.3671875, -4.4453125, -5.00390625, -5.59765625, -6.640625, -7.1875 ]
In the 1990s Babrak Karmal and Sultan Ali Keshtmond have been Prime Minister in which country?	[ "Babrak Karmal (6 January 1929 – 1 or 3 December 1996) was the third President of Afghanistan (1979 - 1986) during the period of the communist Democratic Republic of Afghanistan . He is the best known of the Marxist leadership.", "Babrak Karmal (Persian: ببرک کارمل, born Sultan Hussein; 6 January 1929 – 1 or 3 December 1996) was an Afghan politician who was installed as president of Afghanistan by the USSR when they invaded in 1979. Karmal was born in Kamari and educated at Kabul University. When the People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan (PDPA) was formed, Karmal became one of its leading members, having been introduced to Marxism by Mir Akbar Khyber during his imprisonment for activities deemed too radical by the government. He eventually became the leader of the Parcham faction. When the PDPA split in 1967, the Parcham-faction established a Parcham PDPA, while their ideological nemesis, the Khalqs, established a Khalqist PDPA. Under Karmal's leadership, the Parchamite PDPA participated in Mohammad Daoud Khan's rise to power, and his subsequent regime. While relations were good at the beginning, Daoud began a major purge of leftist influence in the mid-1970s. This in turn led to the reformation of the PDPA in 1977. The PDPA took power in the 1978 Saur Revolution.", "Babrak Karmal (, born Sultan Hussein; 6 January 1929 – 1 or 3 December 1996) was an Afghan politician who was installed as president of Afghanistan by the USSR when they invaded in 1979. Karmal was born in Kamari and educated at Kabul University. When the People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan (PDPA) was formed, Karmal became one of its leading members, having been introduced to Marxism by Mir Akbar Khyber during his imprisonment for activities deemed too radical by the government. He eventually became the leader of the Parcham faction. When the PDPA split in 1967, the Parcham-faction established a Parcham PDPA, while their ideological nemesis, the Khalqs, established a Khalqist PDPA. Under Karmal's leadership, the Parchamite PDPA participated in Mohammad Daoud Khan's rise to power, and his subsequent regime. While relations were good at the beginning, Daoud began a major purge of leftist influence in the mid-1970s. This in turn led to the reformation of the PDPA in 1977. The PDPA took power in the 1978 Saur Revolution.", "Karmal was recalled from Czechoslovakia but rather than returning to Afghanistan he went into hiding with Anahita Ratebzad, his friend and former Afghan ambassador to Yugoslavia, as he feared execution if he returned. Muhammad Najibullah followed them. Taraki consequently stripped them of all official titles and political authority. ", "In 1990 Iraq invaded Kuwait, and Mubarak supported the U.S.-led allied coalition that was formed to reverse the occupation ( see Persian Gulf War ). Egypt's intellectuals widely criticized his support of the coalition, and many Egyptians sympathized with the Iraqis. Throughout the 1990s, radical Islamist groups engaged in violent action to overthrow the government. Members of these groups murdered secular-minded politicians, a leading secularist writer, Copts, and foreign tourists. Mubarak himself barely escaped an assassination attempt in 1995. The government responded by imprisoning or executing numerous radicals. Economic reforms in the later 1990s promoted economic development and raised Egypt's per capita income, but the peace policy with Israel and Egypt's close ties to the United States remained widely unpopular.", "[abduɫˈɫɑh ˈɟyl] ; born 29 October 1950) is the 11th and current President of the Republic of Turkey , serving in that office since 28 August 2007. He previously served for four months as Prime Minister from 2002-03, and as Minister of Foreign Affairs from 2003-07.", "6 April, The Chairman of the opposition Democratic Party in the Transkei, KM. Gunzana, is elected leader to succeed Paramount Chief Victor Poto who is to retire.South Africa signs agreement with Italy on the postal administration between South Africa and Italy on the exchange of money orders.", "November elections brought to power a coalition government headed by Nawaz Sharif , whose administration instituted economic reform policies of privatization and deregulation in an effort to stimulate growth. In 1991 the parliament passed legislation incorporating Islamic law (sharia) into the legal code. When Sharif moved to reduce presidential power, he was dismissed (1993) by President Ishaq Khan; the ensuing crisis was resolved with the resignations of both men. Bhutto's party won the most seats in new elections later in 1993, and she once again became prime minister, heading a coalition government; Farooq Leghari, a Bhutto ally, was elected president. In 1995 some three dozen military officers were arrested, reportedly for plotting an Islamic revolution in Pakistan. In 1996 Bhutto was again dismissed on charges of corruption, by President Leghari. In 1997, Leghari established a Council for Defense and National Security, which gave a key role in political decision-making to the heads of the armed forces.", "Celal Bayar became the third President of Turkey, and Adnan Menderes became the new Prime Minister. ", "At the next election in 1996, the Awami League, headed by Sheikh Hasina, one of Mujib's surviving daughters, returned to power after 21 years. Hasina ended the Chittagong Hill Tracts insurgency after a peace accord with PCJSS rebels. She also secured a treaty with India on sharing the water of the Ganges. Hasina held a trilateral economic summit between India, Pakistan and Bangladesh in 1999 and helped establish the D8 grouping with Turkey. The economy took a downturn with a depletion of foreign exchange reserves. Hasina also refused to export Bangladesh's natural gas, despite major investment offers from international oil companies. The Awami League lost again to the Bangladesh Nationalist Party in the 2001 election. In her second term as Prime Minister, Khaleda Zia signed a Defence Cooperation Agreement with China. ", "Abdelaziz Bouteflika (; ‘Abd al-‘Azīz Būtaflīka; born 2 March 1937) is an Algerian politician who has been the fifth President of Algeria since 1999. He was Minister of Foreign Affairs from 1963 to 1979. As President, he presided over the end of the bloody Algerian Civil War in 2002, and he ended emergency rule in February 2011 amidst regional unrest. He has also served as president of the United Nations General Assembly.", "The Gambia gained its independence from the UK in 1965; it formed a short-lived federation of Senegambia with Senegal between 1982 and 1989. In 1991 the two nations signed a friendship and cooperation treaty. A military coup in 1994 overthrew the president and banned political activity, but a 1996 constitution and presidential elections, followed by parliamentary balloting in 1997, completed a nominal return to civilian rule. The country undertook another round of presidential and legislative elections in late 2001 and early 2002. Yahya A. J. J. JAMMEH, the leader of the coup, has been elected president in all subsequent elections.", "April 16 – President of Afghanistan Mohammad Najibullah is ousted and detained by Muslim rebels moving towards Kabul, setting the stage for the civil war in Afghanistan (1992–96).", "In May 1990, due to the ending of the Cold War and a change in the international political climate, as well as economic problems and domestic unrest, Mobutu agreed to end the ban on other political parties. He appointed a transitional government that would lead to promised elections but he retained substantial powers. Following riots in Kinshasa by unpaid soldiers, Mobutu brought opposition figures into a coalition government but he still connived to retain control of the security services and important ministries. Factional divisions led to the creation of two governments in 1993, one pro and one anti-Mobutu. The anti-Mobutu government was headed by Laurent Monsengwo and Étienne Tshisekedi of the Union for Democracy and Social Progress. The economic situation was still dreadful, and, in 1994, the two groups joined as the High Council of Republic – Parliament of Transition (HCR-PT). Mobutu appointed Kengo Wa Dondo, an advocate of austerity and free-market reforms, as prime minister. Mobutu was becoming increasingly physically frail and during one of his absences for medical treatment in Europe, Tutsis captured much of eastern Zaire.", "In the early 1990s, deliberate programmes of economic and democratic reform were put in place, but Albanian inexperience with capitalism led to the proliferation of pyramid schemes – which were not banned due to the corruption of the government. Anarchy in late 1996 to early 1997, as a result of the collapse of these pyramid schemes, alarmed the world and prompted international mediation. The state institutions collapsed and an EU military mission led by Italy was sent to stabilize the country. In summer 1997, Berisha was defeated in elections, winning just 25 seats out of a total of 156.", "In the early 1990s, deliberate programs of economic and democratic reform were put in place, but Albanian inexperience with capitalism led to the proliferation of pyramid schemes – which were not banned due to the corruption of the government. Anarchy in late 1996 to early 1997, as a result of the collapse of these pyramid schemes, alarmed the world and prompted international mediation. The state institutions collapsed and an EU military mission led by Italy was sent to stabilize the country. In summer 1997, Berisha was defeated in elections, winning just 25 seats out of a total of 156.", "In November of 1990, Khan dismissed Benazir Bhutto from the Prime Ministership and called new elections. She was charged with corruption and nepotism under the Eighth Amendment to the Pakistani Constitution; Bhutto always maintained that the charges were purely political.", "When Najibullah's Soviet-backed government collapsed in 1992, the Peshawar Accords agreed upon by the Afghan political parties established the Islamic State of Afghanistan and appointed an interim government to be followed by general elections. Karzai accompanied the first mujahideen leaders into Kabul after President Najibullah stepped down in 1992. He served as Deputy Foreign Minister in the government of Burhanuddin Rabbani. Karzai was, however, arrested by Mohammad Fahim (Years later Karzai's Vice President) on charges of spying for Gulbuddin Hekmatyar in what Karzai claimed was an effort to mediate between Hekmatyar's forces and Rabbani's government. Karzai fled from Kabul in a vehicle provided by Hekmatyar and driven by Gul Rahman. ", "Muhammad Anwar al-Sadat was the third President of Egypt, serving from 15 October 1970 until his assassination by fundamentalist army officers on 6 October 1981. In his eleven years as president he changed Egypt’s direction, departing from some of the economic and political principles of Nasserism by re-instituting the multi-party system, and launching the Infitah economic policy. [WIKIPEDIA]", "1989 - Prime Minister Sadiq al Mahdi of Sudan formed a new cabinet to end civil war.", "Under Egyptian president Anwar al-Sadat , Mubarak served in a number of military posts, including deputy minister of war from 1972 to 1975; in 1975, he became vice president. After Sadat was assassinated, on October 6, 1981, Mubarak became president. He instituted a vigorous economic recovery program; remained committed to the peace treaty with Israel (signed in 1979); mended relations with other Arab states, which were damaged after Egypt's peace with Israel ; and initiated a policy he called positive neutrality toward the great powers.", "During the 1965 parliamentary election Karmal was one of four PDPA members elected to the lower house of parliament; the three others were Anahita Ratebzad, Nur Ahmed Nur and Fezanul Haq Fezan. No Khalqists were elected; however, Amin was 50 votes short of being elected. The Parchamite victory may be explained by the simple fact that Karmal could contribute financially to the PDPA electoral campaign. Karmal became a leading figure within the student movement in the 1960s, electing Mohammad Hashim Maiwandwal as Prime Minister after a student demonstration (called for by Karmal) concluded with three deaths under the former leadership.", "The couple had been married less than a year when Pres. Mohammad Zia-ul-Haq was killed, ending more than a decade of military rule. Bhutto’s subsequent success at the polls ushered her into office as prime minister. In 1990 her tenure was cut short by corruption-related scandal, however, and both Zardari and his wife were the focus of attacks from opposition politicians as well as disgruntled members of the PPP, Bhutto’s own party. Arrested on kidnapping and extortion charges, Zardari was imprisoned in 1990, and, following his release in 1993, corruption allegations against him multiplied (some labeled him “Mr. Ten Percent,” alleging he took kickbacks on large government contracts during Bhutto’s tenure in office).", "He joined the Tigrayan People’s Liberation Front (TPLF) as a member in 1975. Eventually, he was elected as the chairperson of TPLF and EPRDF. Lead by him and other leaders, TPLF was able to assume power in the country in 1991 as the civil war came to an end. Upon becoming the Prime Minister, he introduced a multi-party political system and allowed private press in the country. He agreed to work with the United States against groups and organizations such as Al Qaeda operating out of the country.", "Image caption President Saleh (r) was in power from 1990-2012 and outlasted several US presidents, including George Bush (l)", "Zardari served as a member of the National Assembly from 1990 to 1993—during which time he was periodically released from prison to attend sessions—and from 1993 to 1996. After Bhutto’s return to power in 1993, he served as minister of the environment (1993–96) and federal minister for investment (1995–96) in her government. Zardari aggressively sought control of the PPP, but he was the subject of ever-increasing criticism from opponents within and outside the party. In addition, Zardari was deeply involved in a Bhutto family feud led by Bhutto’s brother, Murtaza , and mother, Nusrat; the conflict between Zardari and Murtaza over leadership of the Bhutto clan ruptured the PPP and destabilized Bhutto’s government. The Murtaza-Zardari rivalry ended abruptly on September 20, 1996, when Murtaza was shot and killed by police.", "In 1994, the elected government was toppled in a military coup. The country returned to constitutional rule two years later when its military leader ran as a civilian and won presidential elections (disputed).", "Former Prime Minister Daoud seized power in a military coup on July 17, 1973 after allegations of corruption and poor economic conditions against the king's government. Daoud put an end to the monarchy, and his time in power was widely popular among the general populace but unpopular among PDPA supporters.", "Relations with the Central Asian Muslim Republics were strengthened and ECO was given a boost. His most important contribution was success in re-invigorating the economy of the country by pursuing a policy of liberalization, privatization and deregulation despite economic sanctions. He succeeded in repealing the controversial Eighth Amendment unanimously and the adoption of anti-defection Fourteenth Amendment Bill.", "**Ebrahim Yazdi, former Minister of Foreign affairs in the Interim Government of 1979, secretary general of Freedom Movement Party. After being rejected by the Guardian Council, Yazdi is supporting Moeen for the presidency.", "At the beginning of his rule, the government was divided between two PDPA factions: the Khalqists (which Taraki was the leader of), the majority, and the Parchamites, the minority. In 1978, shortly after his rule began, Taraki started a purge of the government and party which led to several high-ranking Parchamite members being sent into de facto exile by being assigned to serve overseas as ambassadors. His reign was marked by a cult of personality centered on himself that had been cultivated by Amin. His relationship with Amin turned sour during his rule, ultimately resulting in Taraki's murder on 14 September 1979, upon Amin's orders.", "A transitional government was established in October 2000. Abdiqasim Salad Hassan was appointed president by the interim parliament. A new constitution is to be created and elections are to be held before 2004." ]	[ 6.7421875, 6.13671875, 5.69140625, -0.50830078125, -2.970703125, -3.857421875, -4.6875, -4.828125, -5.08984375, -5.28515625, -5.359375, -5.42578125, -5.859375, -6.15234375, -6.26953125, -6.30078125, -6.32421875, -6.3359375, -6.38671875, -6.4296875, -6.53515625, -7.7109375, -8.3359375, -9.1640625, -9.3515625, -9.375, -9.6640625, -9.890625, -10.0546875, -10.46875, -10.484375, -10.765625 ]
Which 60s pop band made an unsuccessful movie called Head?	[ "A poor audience response at an August 1968 screening in Los Angeles eventually forced the producers to edit the picture down from its original 110-minute length. The 86-minute Head premiered in New York City on November 6, 1968; the film later debuted in Hollywood on November 20. It was not a commercial success. This was in part because Head, being an antithesis of The Monkees sitcom, comprehensively demolished the group's carefully groomed public image, while the older, hipper counterculture audience they had been reaching for rejected the Monkees' efforts out of hand.", "15. Also featured in the Blu-ray box set: The Monkees’ trippy 1968 movie, Head, co-written by and co-starring Oscar winner Jack Nicholson. The plotless, stream of consciousness musical satire – which takes jabs at everything from the Vietnam War to The Monkees’ made-for-TV band status – also stars Annette Funicello, Frank Zappa, Teri Garr, Victor Mature, boxer Sonny Liston, and Nicholson pal Dennis Hopper. The movie, a commercial flop that has since become a cult classic because of its sheer weirdness – was brainstormed during a weekend at a California resort with The Monkees, Nicholson, and Oscar-nominated filmmaker/Monkees co-creator Bob Rafelson.", "The last episode was aired in the US on 25 March 1968, and the end of the show saw the end of The Monkees as a band. The group featured in the film Head co-produced by Jack Nicholson and Bob Rafelson however the film failed to win critical acclaim. Peter Tork was the first member to leave the band to pursue a solo career. The remaining members continued as a trio, but by 1970 The Monkees disbanded. Mike Nesmith started a successful solo career and Mickey and Davy joined up with Tommy Boyce and Bobby Hart for a little while during the seventies.", "The Monkees ' film Head was the last thing anyone expected from the group: a surreal, deliberately plotless satire of their journey through the Show Business meat grinder. It failed at the box office, but got a lot of good reviews, and today it's fondly remembered as an Unintentional Period Piece of the psychedelic era.", "Receiving mixed critical reviews and virtually non-existent box office receipts, the film succeeded in alienating the band's teenage fanbase while failing to attract the more adult audience for which they had strived. Heads abysmal reception instantly halted studio plans for any further films with the Monkees. It also corresponded with a steep drop in the group's popularity as recording artists; the Head soundtrack peaked at No. 45 on the U.S. chart, the first time any Monkees album had not risen to the Top 5. \"Porpoise Song (Theme from Head)\" was also the first single to not make the Top 40.", "Davy Jones, second left, with the Monkees in their 1968 film, Head. Photograph: Everett Collection / Rex Feature", "Head begins at the dedication of a bridge. A politician, the mayor, is trying to offer a dedicatory speech but is impeded by recurring barrages of microphone feedback. As he is about to cut the red ribbon and open the bridge, the Monkees interrupt the ceremony by running, as if in a panic, through the assembled officials as horns and sirens blare. The rest of the film consists of a series of non-linear vignettes highlighting the unpleasant aspects of being public figures. The film offers conflict and resolution, but is essentially plotless; as a chant by the Monkees early in the film relates: \"We hope you like our story/Although there isn't one/That is to say, there's many/That way, there is more fun!\" Head is a stream of consciousness stringing-together of musical numbers, satires of film genres, psychedelic cinematography, and references to then-topical issues such as the Vietnam War and drugs. The action includes recurring scenes, such as the group being trapped in a black box, a desert location, and a gigantic Victor Mature.", "The group made an ambitious anti-war comedy film, Head (1968) , with Rafelson and Jack Nicholson, but soon afterwards they began to fall apart. Both Tork and Nesmith left in 1969, leaving Jones and Dolenz to record the final album, Changes, in 1970. The group was finally dissolved in 1971.", "Head is a 1968 American adventure musical satirical film written by Jack Nicholson and Bob Rafelson, directed by Rafelson, starring television rock group The Monkees (Davy Jones, Micky Dolenz, Peter Tork and Michael Nesmith), and distributed by Columbia Pictures.", "Over the intervening years Head has developed a cult following for its innovative style and anarchic humor, and the soundtrack album (long out of print, but re-released by Rhino in the 1980s and now available in an expanded CD version) is counted among their most adventurous recordings. Members of the Monkees, Nesmith in particular, cite Head (the only Monkees album during their initial run not to include any Boyce and Hart compositions) as one of the crowning achievements of the band. The highlights include Nesmith’s “ Circle Sky “, an all-out rocker, Tork’s psychedelic “Can You Dig It?” and the Goffin/King composition “ Porpoise Song “.", "Trivia: The band’s bizarre stream-of-conscious feature film, 1968’s “Head,” featured cameos by Teri Garr, Carol Doda, Annette Funicello, Frank Zappa, Sonny Liston and Jack Nicholson (who also co-wrote the film).", "The Beatles were an English rock band, formed in Liverpool in 1960, and one of the most commercially successful and critically acclaimed acts in the history of popular music. From 1962 the group consisted of John Lennon, Paul McCartney, George Harrison and Ringo Starr. Rooted in skiffle and 1950s rock and roll, the group later worked in many genres ranging from pop ballads to psychedelic rock, often incorporating classical and other elements in innovative ways. The nature of their enormous popularity, which first emerged as the \"Beatlemania\" fad, transformed as their songwriting grew in sophistication. The group came to be perceived as the embodiment of progressive ideals, seeing their influence extend into the social and cultural revolutions of the 1960s.", "The psychedelic, surreal film – one of the most infamous flops of all time – didn't bear the slightest resemblance to the Monkees' show. In the film, the group sings a vicious parody of its own theme song: \"Hey, hey, we are the Monkees/You know we love to please/A manufactured image/With no philosophies.\" The Monkees had released the original song just two years earlier – the phenomenon had consumed itself with almost uncanny speed. \"The Monkees didn't quite understand what the movie was,\" says Rafelson, who was already moving on to Easy Rider, \"and I'm not so sure that Jack and I knew what we were doing.\"", "After their initial success, which included the movie and a television special, the major hits dried up in the US after 1967's \"You Got What It Takes\", although the band had several substantial hits in the UK in the 1967–1970 period. Other than the songs \"Inside and Out\", \"Maze of Love\" and \"Live in the Sky\" (the latter actually quotes directly from the Beatles' \"All You Need is Love\"), the band did not follow the trend of psychedelic music. The DC5 disbanded in 1970, having placed three singles on the UK chart that year, two of which reached the Top Ten. In 1970, Davidson, Huxley and Payton left and Alan Parker and Eric Ford joined on lead guitar and bass. This line-up, renamed \"Dave Clark & Friends\", lasted until 1973.", "After their initial success, which included the movie and a television special, the major hits dried up in the US after 1967's \"You Got What It Takes\", although the band had several substantial hits in the UK in the 1967–1970 period. Other than the songs \"Inside and Out\", \"Maze of Love\" and \"Live in the Sky\" (the latter actually quotes directly from the Beatles' \"All You Need is Love\"), the band did not follow the trend of psychedelic music. The DC5 disbanded in 1970, having placed three singles on the UK chart that year, two of which reached the Top Ten. In 1970, Davidson, Huxley and Payton left and Alan Parker and Eric Ford joined on lead guitar and bass. This line-up, renamed \"Dave Clark & Friends\", lasted until 1973.", "The rest of the 1960s consisted of bands who focused their branding efforts mostly on psychedelic and “Summer of Love”-sounding titles. A Lancaster, California musician, Don Van Vliet, would oftentimes think of fantastical movie plots. One of his brainstorms for a film, which was never made, was called “Captain Beefheart Meets the Grunt People.” Vliet decided to adopt this movie moniker and started a band called Captain Beefheart and the Magic Band in 1964. The group never had a successful single in the U.S. but broke onto the top 50 charts several times in Britain over the next decade.", "A band created for a '60s TV comedy has endured, thanks to their infectious pop and humor.", "The Bee Gees also co-starred with Peter Frampton in Robert Stigwood’s film Sgt. Pepper’s Lonely Hearts Club Band (1978), loosely inspired by the classic 1967 album by The Beatles. The movie had been heavily promoted prior to release, and was expected to enjoy great commercial success. However, it was savaged by the movie critics as a disjointed mess, and ignored by the public. Though some of its tracks charted, the soundtrack too was a high-profile flop. The single “ Oh! Darling “, credited to Robin Gibb, reached No. 15 in the US.", "The Animals were an English music group of the 1960s known in the United States as part of the British Invasion. Known for their gritty, bluesy sound and deep-voiced frontman Eric Burdon, as exemplified by their signature songs The House of the Rising Sun, Sky Pilot and We Gotta Get out of This Place, the band balanced tough, rock-edged pop singles against rhythm and blues-oriented album material. The Animals underwent numerous personnel changes and emerged as an exponent of psychedelic rock before dissolving at the end of the decade. They had a comeback in 1983 and started a world tour. In early 1984 the band disbanded. There have been several reunions of the original group and in recent times Burdon and original drummer John Steel have been touring with new versions of the Animals as Eric Burdon & the Animals and Animals & Friends respectively.", "in 1967 - The Beatles scored their 15th US No.1 with 'Hello Goodbye', Gladys Knight and the Pips were at No.2 with 'I Heard It Through The Grapevine' and The Monkees at No.3 with 'Daydream Believer.'", "The Byrds - was a popular American rock band formed in Los Angeles, California in 1964. Their trademark songs include pop covers of Bob Dylan's \"Mr. Tambourine Man\" and Pete Seeger’s \"Turn! Turn! Turn!\", as well as the originals \"I’ll Feel a Whole Lot Better\", and \"Eight Miles High\". The Byrds were popular and influential during the late 1960s and early 1970s. The band melded the British Invasion sound with elements of contemporary folk and pop music. They also helped forge such subgenres as folk rock, space rock, raga rock, psychedelic rock, jangle pop, and –- on their 1968 album Sweetheart of the Rodeo, which featured Gram Parsons, –- country rock. After several line-up changes (with lead singer/guitarist Roger McGuinn as the only consistent member), they broke up in 1973. In 1991 they were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, and several band members have launched successful solo careers after leaving the group. In 2004, Rolling Stone Magazine ranked them #45 on their list of the 100 Greatest Artists of All Time. ' Artist Discography '", "They began as The Jets in 1963 playing R&B covers in Manchester pubs where they were spotted by a Fontana Records talent scout. He signed them and the bands' name was duly changed. After making a few competent, if not particularly exceptional records, their cover of Major Lance's \"Um, Um, Um, Um, Um, Um\" was their first big hit in the autumn of '64. They followed this with another top ten record \"Game Of Love\" (65). The partnership broke up in the closing months of 1965, and The Mindbenders immediately struck gold with the beautiful beat ballad \"A Groovy Kind Of Love\". They reached the top twenty again with \"Ashes To Ashes\" (66) and made an appearance in the film before disappearing from view, eventually splitting up in 1968. Fontana too, put out solo records , his highest placing was No. 11 with \"Pamela, Pamela\" at the end of '66. This would also be his final chart entry.", "Wayne Fontana founded the band in 1963 with Bob Lang, Ric Rothwell, and Eric Stewart. The group was later joined by Grahame Foote. The name of the group was inspired by the title of a 1963 film, starring the British actor Sir Dirk Bogarde, called The Mind Benders. They released a few unsuccessful singles before recording \"Um Um Um Um Um Um\" in 1964, which was a major hit in Britain and led to a tour with Brenda Lee. They also had a #1 hit in the United States with \"Game of Love\".", "The band is remembered as one of the most acclaimed and influential mod groups of the 1960s. With memorable hit songs such as \"Itchycoo Park\", \"Lazy Sunday\", \"All or Nothing\", \"Tin Soldier\", and their concept album Ogdens' Nut Gone Flake, they later evolved into one of the UK's most successful psychedelic acts before disbanding in 1969. After the Small Faces disbanded, with Marriott leaving to form Humble Pie, the remaining three members were joined by Ronnie Wood as guitarist, and Rod Stewart as their lead vocalist, both from The Jeff Beck Group, and the new line-up was renamed Faces, except in North America, where this group's first album (and only their first album) was credited to Small Faces. This practice has continued on all subsequent North American reissues of the album to this day.", "This is the line-up which cut the next two Honeybus singles and two of the finest recordings of the 60’s. “Do I Figure In Your Life” b/w “Throw My Love Away” was released in October. Dello wrote the top side (although reverted to his real name Peter Blumson for the credit), a lush, introspective ballad scored for woodwind and string quartet. Cane’s “Throw” shows a strong R & B/jazz influence.", "Talking Heads released an album titled True Stories in which the band performs most of the songs from the film, including songs that were performed by the actors in the movie itself. As such, the album is not generally considered a true soundtrack album, a fact Byrne points out in his liner notes on the release. Later, Byrne released an album containing primarily instrumental music from the soundtrack titled Sounds from True Stories, though it was never released on CD.", "* In a label-initiated publicity stunt, the 1960s surf group \"The De-Fenders\" shaved their heads and recast themselves as \"The Brymers\", inspired by Brynner. ", "The Lovin' Spoonful is an American rock band, inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2000 and well known for a number of hit songs in the 1960s including \"Summer in the City\", \"Do You Beli...", "The Electric Prunes - are a rock band who first achieved international attention as an experimental psychedelic group in the late 1960s, and contributed two tracks to the soundtrack of Easy Rider. After a period in which they had little control over their music, they disappeared for thirty years, reforming as a recording and touring band in 2001.", "In 1960, they released \"Shakin' All Over\", which topped charts and became their biggest hit. Though they never released a full-length album, they released more than twenty singles. The band dissolved after the death of Kidd in a car crash on 6th October 1966. However, the classic lineup reformed as an R 'n' B group in 1976 and would perform sporadic tours until their ultimate disbandment in 2010. Read more on Last.fm . User-contributed text is available under the Creative Commons By-SA License; additional terms may apply.", " Billy J. Kramer and Cilla Black. The band had several hit singles in the early sixties, ", "The album was not well received by the public or the music press on release, and led to a decline in the band's fortunes until their disco period in the mid 1970s. The album has since received positive critical attention, is regarded by many reviewers as their most significant Sixties release, and has been re-released in a deluxe three CD set. " ]	[ 4.109375, 3.515625, 3.41015625, 2.796875, 2.609375, 2.6015625, 1.162109375, 1.103515625, 1.091796875, 0.62646484375, -0.27392578125, -2.646484375, -2.94921875, -3.609375, -3.609375, -3.76171875, -4.23828125, -4.265625, -4.4453125, -4.55078125, -5.0390625, -5.609375, -5.84375, -5.91796875, -6.23046875, -6.3515625, -7.3359375, -7.83984375, -7.83984375, -8.0703125, -8.5625, -8.9453125 ]
Who was Anne Sullivan's most famous pupil?	[ "For Anne Sullivan, education was a way to escape blindness and grief. It was her background and schooling that provided the tools she needed to engage one of history’s most famous students. Perhaps no woman, no teacher, has ever done a better job of reaching a pupil than Anne Sullivan. Because of her skills and determination, Anne Sullivan and her student Helen Keller are forever linked in history.", "Mrs. Macy taught Miss Keller to read, speak and know the world about her by use of her fingertips. Their lifelong devotion to each other was internationally famous and one was seldom seen or heard of without the other. Blindness, which had shadowed the child Anne Sullivan's life and which she had conquered before she met Miss Keller, had returned to darken her last days, and Miss Keller had to become the teacher and Mrs. Macy the pupil.", "Johanna \"Anne\" Mansfield Sullivan Macy (April 14, 1866 – October 20, 1936), better known as Anne Sullivan, was an American teacher, best known for being the instructor and lifelong companion of Helen Keller.Herrmann, Dorothy. Helen Keller: A Life, Alfred A. Knopf, New York, 1998, p. 35; ISBN 0-679-44354-1 At the age of five, she contracted trachoma, a highly contagious eye disease, which left her blind and without reading or writing skills. She received her education as a student of the Perkins School for the Blind where upon graduation she became a teacher to Keller when she was 20.", "In 1900, Anne Sullivan returned to Massachusetts, this time to enroll her student into Radcliffe College. Sullivan and Keller attended classes together, with Sullivan spelling into Keller’s hand each lecture and assignment.", "In 1856, the Royal Academy of Music awarded the first Mendelssohn Scholarship to the 14-year-old Sullivan, granting him a year's training at the academy. His principal teacher there was John Goss, whose own teacher, Thomas Attwood, had been a pupil of Mozart.MacKenzie, Alexander. [http://www.jstor.org/stable/929160 \"The Life-Work of Arthur Sullivan\",] Sammelbände der Internationalen Musikgesellschaft, 3. Jahrg., H. 3, May 1902, pp. 539–64 He studied piano with the head of the academy, William Sterndale Bennett, and with Arthur O'Leary. During this year at the Royal Academy, Sullivan continued to sing solos with the Chapel Royal, which provided a small amount of spending money. ", "Sullivan lost her sight at a young age and therefore had no skills in reading, writing, or sewing and the only work she could find was as a housemaid; however, this position was unsuccessful. Another blind resident staying at the Tewksbury almshouse told her of schools for the blind. During an 1880 inspection of the almshouse, she convinced inspector Franklin Benjamin Sanborn to allow her to leave and enroll in the Perkins School for the Blind in Boston, where she began her studies on October 7, 1880. Although her rough manners made her first years at Perkins humiliating for her, she managed to connect with a few teachers and made progress with her learning. While there, she befriended and learned the manual alphabet from Laura Bridgman, a graduate of Perkins and the first blind and deaf person to be educated there. Also while there, she had a series of eye operations that significantly improved her vision. In June 1886, she graduated from there at age 20 as the valedictorian of her class. She stated \"Fellow-graduates: duty bids us go forth into active life. Let us go cheerfully, hopefully, and earnestly, and set ourselves to find our especial part. When we have found it, willingly and faithfully perform it.\"", "As she so often remarked as an adult, her life changed on March 3, 1887. On that day, Anne Mansfield Sullivan came to Tuscumbia to be her teacher.", "I had my first lesson with Christine Pembridge in September and if I had thought Maud Hornsby made me practise hard it was as nothing compared with what I experienced now. As a child she had first studied with Adelina de Lara, a child prodigy who had been a pupil of Clara Schumann and a notable exponent of the works of Robert Schumann, giving her last Wigmore recital in 1954 at the age of 82. One of the first pieces I learnt with Christine was his Romanza in F sharp, a piece I adored for its singing quality, produced in thirds by both thumbs in the inner parts of the texture. Christine took great pains to demonstrate to me how to achieve this lyricism from the piano, passed down directly from Clara, and suggested I use it as an audition piece for the BBC, who accepted me for a 'young artist' spot. The broadcast went out on 7th September 1957 and Christine was delighted to receive a post card:", "Arthur Seymour Sullivan was born in London on 13 May 1842 and evinced prodigious musical talent from a very early age. His father was a theatre musician who became an army bandmaster with the result that Arthur could play every instrument in the military band by the age of eight. No career other than music was ever an option, and in April 1854 he was accepted – though well over the customary age – as one of the Children (choristers) of the Chapel Royal. Here he came under the tutelage of the Revd. Thomas Helmore, a formidable teacher and scholar, and quickly became a favourite choice when solos were required. He also took his first steps as a composer, most notably in 1855 with the publication of a sacred song, “ O Israel ”. In the summer of 1856 Sullivan, despite being the youngest entrant, won the competition for the first Mendelssohn Scholarship. This enabled him to study at the Royal Academy of Music, where his tutors included Sterndale Bennett and Goss, and then from 1858 at the Conservatory in Leipzig, at that time the finest musical training school in the world.", "Around 1831, when Anne was eleven, she and her sister Emily broke away from Charlotte and Branwell in the creation and development of the fictional sagas of Angria establishing their own fantasy world of Gondal. Anne was at this time particularly close to Emily; the closeness of their relationship was reinforced by Charlotte's departure for Roe Head School, in January 1831. When Charlotte's friend Ellen Nussey visited Haworth in 1833, she reported that Emily and Anne were \"like twins\", \"inseparable companions\". She described Anne at this time: \"Anne, dear gentle Anne was quite different in appearance from the others, and she was her aunt's favourite. Her hair was a very pretty light brown, and fell on her neck in graceful curls. She had lovely violet-blue eyes; fine pencilled eyebrows and a clear almost transparent complexion. She still pursued her studies and especially her sewing, under the surveillance of her aunt.\" Anne also took lessons from Charlotte, after she came back from the boarding school, at Roe Head. Later, Anne began more formal studies at Miss Wooler's school at Roe Head, Huddersfield. Charlotte returned there on 29 July 1835 as a teacher. Emily accompanied her as a pupil; her tuition largely financed by Charlotte's teaching. Within a few months, Emily was unable to adapt to life at school, and by October, was physically ill from homesickness. She was withdrawn from the school and replaced by Anne.", "William Somerset Maugham CH ( ; 25 January 1874 – 16 December 1965) was a British playwright, novelist and short story writer. He was among the most popular writers of his era and reputedly the highest paid author during the 1930s. ", "Sullivan was born in London on 13 May 1842. His father was a military bandmaster, and by the time Arthur had reached the age of 8, he was proficient with all the instruments in the band. In school he began to compose anthems and songs. In 1856, he received the first Mendelssohn Prize and studied at the Royal Academy of Music and at Leipzig , where he also took up conducting . His graduation piece, completed in 1861, was a suite of incidental music to Shakespeare's The Tempest. Revised and expanded, it was performed at the Crystal Palace in 1862 and was an immediate sensation. He began building a reputation as England's most promising young composer, composing a symphony, a concerto, and several overtures, among them the Overture di Ballo, in 1870.", "Actress. Born May 17, 1911, in Boyle, County Roscommon, Ireland. As a child, O??Sullivan attended the Convent of the Sacred Heart at Roehampton, in London, where future screen legend Vivien Leigh was a classmate. At age 18, O??Sullivan was discovered at a horse show in Dublin by Hollywood director Frank Borzage. She moved to Hollywood and started her film career dubiously with the 1930 musical flop Song O?? My Heart co-starring John McCormack. Her first real success came in 1931 with Will Rogers in A Connecticut Yankee.", "Sir Arthur Seymour Sullivan MVO (13 May 1842 – 22 November 1900) was an English composer, of Irish and Italian descent, best known for his operatic collaborations with librettist W. S. Gilbert, including such continually-popular works as H.M.S. Pinafore, The Pirates of Penzance, and The Mikado. Sullivan's artistic output included 23 operas, 13 major orchestral works, eight choral works and oratorios, two ballets, incidental music to several plays, and numerous hymns and other church pieces, songs, parlour ballads, part songs, carols, and piano and chamber pieces.", "Betjeman's early schooling was at the local Byron House and Highgate School , where he was taught by the poet T.S. Eliot . After this, he boarded at the Dragon School preparatory school in North Oxford and Marlborough College , a public school in Wiltshire. In his penultimate year, he joined the secret 'Society of Amici' [3] in which he was a contemporary of both Louis MacNeice and Graham Shepard . Reading the works of Arthur Machen while at school, won him over to High Church Anglicanism , a conversion of importance and to his later writing and conception of the arts. [4]", "Betjeman's early schooling was at the local Byron House and Highgate School , where he was taught by the poet T. S. Eliot . After this, he boarded at the Dragon School preparatory school in North Oxford and Marlborough College , a public school in Wiltshire. In his penultimate year, he joined the secret 'Society of Amici' [3] in which he was a contemporary of both Louis MacNeice and Graham Shepard . While at school, his exposure to the works of Arthur Machen won him over to High Church Anglicanism , a conversion of importance to his later writing and conception of the arts. [4]", "With a move to New York in 2012, career dreams took flight in the creation of \"It's a Good Day-A Tribute to Miss Peggy Lee,\" the live show and recording that would change her life. Stephen Holden, of The New York Times has referred to her performances as \"Spellbinding,\" Darkly Sultry,\" and \"Compelling.\" Clive Davis of The Times (London) wrote, \"A commanding, willowy presence, Sullivan captures that rare combination of vulnerability and worldliness.\"", "Much of what we know about the early lives of Bonny and Read comes from a 1724 account titled A General History of the Robberies and Murders of the Most Notorious Pyrates, by Captain Charles Johnson (which some historians argue is a nom de plume for Robinson Crusoe author Daniel Defoe). A General History places Bonny’s birth in Kinsale, County Cork, Ireland, circa 1698. Her father, an attorney named William Cormac, had an affair with the family maid, prompting his wife to leave him. The maid, Mary Brennan, gave birth to Anne, and over time William grew so fond of the child he arranged for her to live with him. To avoid scandal, he dressed her as a boy and introduced her as the child of a relative entrusted to his care. When Anne’s true gender and parentage were discovered, William, Mary and their child emigrated to what is now Charleston, South Carolina. Mary died in 1711, at which point the teenaged Anne began exhibiting a “fierce and courageous temper,” reportedly murdering a servant girl with a case knife and beating half to death a suitor who tried to rape her.", "Moving to New York to pursue her career, Kathleen blossomed into one of the loveliest and most talented classical ingénues around, gaining valuable experience and acclaim on- and off-Broadway in such plays as \"The World of Suzie Wong\" (understudying France Nuyen ), \"The Three Sisters\" (1959), \"The Idiot\" (1960) and \"The Maids\" (1963). Moreover, she earned glowing reviews in works of the Bard, most notably for Joseph Papp and his New York Shakespeare Festival. Her early Shakespeare work included \"Henry V\" (1960), \"Measure for Measure\" (1960), \"A Midsummer Night's Dream\" (1961), Richard II (1962) and \"The Tempest\" (1962).", "Helen Porter Mitchell, nicknamed “Nellie” by her family, often got into trouble during her childhood, avoiding the cold showers at her boarding school by standing under an umbrella and waking her family with a nighttime rendition of Beethoven’s “Moonlight Sonata” on the piano. She was not just a frivolous girl, however, but a natural musician who learned to sing and to play musical instruments with ease. One day her talent, study, and hard work would make her one of the most famous Australians of the early 1900’s—a great operatic soprano who performed on stages throughout the world.", "Louise Comstock Private School, West Fortieth Street, New York, New York, 1871-1879.Under the influence of the disciplinarian headmistress, Edith Carow developed a highly moralistic and religious sensibility which forever marked her character. She excelled in writing and developed a lifelong love of Shakespeare. Among the subjects she studied were English History, English Literature, Latin, German, French, zoology, botany, physiology, elemental arithmetic, philosophy, penmanship, singing, and music appreciation. With fellow students, she attended symphony concerts, choral performances, the theater, the circus, and military review drills.", "In writing the novel, Montgomery was inspired by notes she had made as a young girl, about a couple who were mistakenly sent an orphan girl instead of the boy they had requested yet decided to keep her. She drew upon her own childhood experiences in rural Prince Edward Island. Montgomery used a photograph of Evelyn Nesbit, which she had clipped from New York’s Metropolitan Magazine and put on the wall of her bedroom, as the model for the face of Anne Shirley and a reminder of her \"youthful idealism and spirituality.\" ", "In 1945, Winja Marova referred Hepburn to Sonia Gaskell’s Ballet Studio ’45 in Amsterdam, where Hepburn studied ballet for three more years. Gaskell believed that Hepburn had something special; especially the way she used her doe eyes to captivate audiences.", "It had formerly been Charlotte’s, and over the mantlepiece still hung a landscape in coloured silks of her performance, in proof of her having spent seven years at a great school in town to some effect.", "Some of the undisputed facts about Anne Brontë are that she was the youngest daughter of the Reverend Patrick and Maria Branwell Brontë; that she was born in the northeastern county of Yorkshire, England; and that she spent her childhood and formative years in the Brontës' family home—the parsonage on the outskirts of the remote village of Haworth. She received her formal education between 1835 and 1837 at Miss Margaret Wooler's boarding school. During Anne's attendance there, the school was relocated from Roe Head to Dewsbury Moor, near Leeds.", "ANNE FRANCES LE MOINE Anne’s education was extensive to say the least; Beaulieu secondary school, Wolverhampton then Manchester followed by Newcastle where Anne completed a degree in Art History/Humanities, another in Fine Art painting and a Masters in Fine Art Painting. Anne didn’t stop educating herself though - in 2007 she completed a City and Guilds certificate in teaching. After that, Anne went to New York to put her education into practice in a studio in China town. After a few enjoyable years in New York, Anne retraced her roots back to Jersey. As well as having many qualifications under her belt, Anne has held a variety of professional positions including Founder member and Director of Manchester Artists Studio Association (MASA). Anne is now a Jersey artist and has her own studio on 8 Mulcaster Street. Anne has two types of paintings: landscapes and surrealistic art. Surrealism can take two different directions: the oneiric (dream-like) and automatism. Anne believes art is moving towards surrealism and she prefers it to other themes because it gives a large scope to work in. Anne’s latest exhibition is called Dreamscapes and includes many of her unique quirky pieces inspired by her dreams. Anne sold five pictures at her last exhibition (Relics- Jersey museum) and has sold over twenty to date. Her ideas come from recent news, family and even her dreams. Anne has many phobias including the fear that someone will take her studio away from her, these phobias influence her to paint.", "Richard O'Sullivan's early education was at St. John the Evangelist's RC Primary School in Brentford, Middlesex. After a family holiday in Ireland as a boy, O'Sullivan returned with a strong Irish accent and was sent to the Corona Theatre School to try to get rid of it. He appeared in his first film at the age of eight.", "Anne, born in Thornton on 17 January 1820, was a poet and novelist who died at the age of 29. She wrote a largely autobiographical novel entitled Agnes Grey. Her second novel, The Tenant of Wildfell Hall (1848), was far more ambitious. She died on 28 May 1849 in Scarborough, North Riding of Yorkshire.", "Anne, born in Thornton on 17 January 1820, was a poet and novelist who died at the age of 29. She wrote a largely autobiographical novel entitled Agnes Grey. Her second novel, The Tenant of Wildfell Hall (1848) was far more ambitious. She died on 28 May 1849 in Scarborough, North Riding of Yorkshire.", "Ms. Williams took her first formal lessons about age 12 from a Welsh musician who had settled in her Virginia town. Barred from attending the school for white girls, she studied with the teacher in a private home. (One of the songs he assigned her, although she did not learn it at the time, was “Un bel di,” Cio-Cio-San’s signature aria in “Madame Butterfly.”)", "Katherine Anne Porter: The Life of an Artist. Darlene Harbour Unrue. Jackson: UP of Mississippi, 2005. 381 pp. $30.00.", "An artist who was highly influential as Sargent's teacher in Paris, Carolus-Duran also produced portraits of society figures." ]	[ 6.00390625, 3.162109375, 1.83984375, -1.7666015625, -3.115234375, -3.64453125, -4.0078125, -4.46484375, -4.60546875, -5.03125, -5.859375, -6.09765625, -6.16796875, -6.296875, -6.3125, -6.3203125, -7.17578125, -7.19140625, -7.69921875, -7.78125, -8, -8.765625, -8.953125, -9.0390625, -9.203125, -9.2265625, -9.2734375, -9.3984375, -9.4921875, -9.609375, -10.09375, -10.2421875 ]
Which actress was voted Miss Burbank 1948?	[ "At age 16, attracted by the opportunity to obtain a free blouse and scarf, Debbie Reynolds entered the 1948 Miss Burbank contest -- and won. She also garnered the attention of talent scouts from Warner Brothers and MGM. They flipped a coin, and Warner Brothers won.", "Debbie Reynolds (born April 1, 1932) is an American actress , singer , and dancer who was an MGM contract star. She is also a collector of movie memorabilia. Reynolds was born Mary Frances Reynolds in El Paso, Texas , the second child of Maxine N. ( née Harmon; 1913–1999) and Raymond Francis Reynolds (1903–1986), who was a carpenter for the Southern Pacific Railroad . [1] [2] Reynolds was a Girl Scout and a troop leader (a scholarship in her name is offered to high-school age Girl Scouts). Her family moved to Burbank , California , in 1939, and she was raised in a strict Nazarene faith. At age 16, while a student at Burbank’s John Burroughs High School , Reynolds won the Miss Burbank Beauty Contest , a contract with Warner Brothers , and acquired her new first name.", "Who do you think was most deserving of the prize? The winners:%0D %0D 1940: Ginger Rogers in \"Kitty Foyle\"%0D %0D 1941: Joan Fontaine in \"Suspicion\"%0D %0D 1942: Greer Garson in \"Mrs. Miniver\"%0D %0D 1943: Jennifer Jones in \"The Song of Bernadette\"%0D %0D 1944: Ingrid Bergman in \"Gaslight\"%0D %0D 1945: Joan Crawford in \"Mildred Pierce\"%0D %0D 1946: Olivia de Havilland in \"To Each His Own\"%0D %0D 1947: Loretta Young in \"The Farmer's Daughter\"%0D %0D 1948: Jane Wyman in \"Johnny Belinda\"%0D %0D 1949: Olivia de Havilland in \"The Heiress\"", "Audrey Hepburn (; born Audrey Kathleen Ruston; 4 May 1929 – 20 January 1993) was a British actress. Recognised as a film and fashion icon, Hepburn was active during Hollywood's Golden Age. She was ranked by the American Film Institute as the third-greatest female screen legend in Golden Age Hollywood and was inducted into the International Best Dressed List Hall of Fame.", "Actress Joan Collins was the female lead in that picture.<br /><br /> During World War II, Lamour was among the most popular pinup girls among American servicemen, along with Betty Grable, Rita Hayworth, Lana Turner, and Veronica Lake. Lamour was also known for her volunteer working selling war bonds during tours in which movie stars would travel the country selling U.S. government bonds to the public. Lamour reportedly sold $300 million worth of bonds earning her the nickname \"The Bombshell of Bombs\". She also volunteered at the Hollywood Canteen where she would dance and talk to soldiers. Read Less", "She decided to marry a neighborhood friend named James Dougherty; he went into the military, she modeled, they divorced in 1946. She owned 200 books (including Tolstoy, Whitman, Milton), listened to Beethoven records, studied acting at the Actors' lab in Hollywood, and took literature courses at UCLA downtown. 20th Century Fox gave her a contract but let it lapse a year later. In 1948, Columbia gave her a six-month contract, turned her over to coach Natasha Lytess and featured her in the B movie Ladies of the Chorus in which she sang three numbers : \"Every Baby Needs a Da Da Daddy\", \"Anyone Can Tell I Love You\" and \"The Ladies of the Chorus\" with Adele Jergens (dubbed by Virginia Rees) and others. Joseph L. Mankiewicz saw her in a small part in The Asphalt Jungle and put her in All About Eve , resulting in 20th Century re-signing her to a seven-year contract. Niagara and Gentlemen Prefer Blondes launched her as a sex symbol superstar.", "1948 - The 20th Academy Awards saw Darryl F. Zanuckï¿½s Gentlemanï¿½s Agreement take the Best Picture prize, the Best Director (Elia Kazan), and Best Supporting Actress (Celeste Holm). Other awards passed out at the Shrine Auditorium, Los Angeles for the best of 1947 included Best Actor to Ronald Colman for A Double Life; Best Actress to Loretta Young for Farmerï¿½s Daughter; Best Supporting Actor to Edmund Gwenn for Miracle on 34th Street; and Best Music/Song to Allie Wrubel (music), Ray Gilbert (lyrics) for Zip-A-Dee-Doo-Dah from Song of the South.", "1948: Laurence Olivier (Hamlet) — beat Montgomery Clift (The Search), Lew Ayres (Johnny Belinda), Dan Dailey (When My Baby Smiles at Me), Clifton Webb (Sitting Pretty)", "Katharine Houghton Hepburn (May 12, 1907 – June 29, 2003) was an American actress. Known for her fierce independence and spirited personality, Hepburn was a leading lady in Hollywood for more than 60 years. She appeared in a range of genres, from screwball comedy to literary drama, and she received four Academy Awards for Best Actress—a record for any performer. In 1999, Hepburn was named by the American Film Institute as the greatest female star of Classic Hollywood Cinema.", "Judy Garland (born Frances Ethel Gumm; June 10, 1922 – June 22, 1969) was an American singer, actress, and vaudevillian. She was renowned for her contralto vocals and attained international stardom that continued throughout a career spanning more than 40 years as an actress in musical and dramatic roles, as a recording artist, and on concert stages. ", "She was put under contract to RKO Radio Pictures and several small roles, including one in Top Hat , followed. Eventually, she received starring roles in B-pictures and, occasionally, a good role in an A-picture, like in Stage Door or The Big Street . While filming Too Many Girls , she met and fell madly in love with a young Cuban actor-musician named Desi Arnaz . Despite different personalities, lifestyles, religions and ages (he was six years younger), he fell hard, too, and after a passionate romance, they eloped and were married in November 1940. Lucy soon switched to Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, where she got better roles in films such as Du Barry Was a Lady ; Best Foot Forward and the Katharine Hepburn - Spencer Tracy vehicle Without Love . In 1948, she took a starring role in the radio comedy \"My Favorite Husband\", in which she played the scatterbrained wife of a Midwestern banker. In 1950, CBS came knocking with the offer of turning it into a television series. After convincing the network brass to let Desi play her husband and to sign over the rights to and creative control over the series to them, work began on the most popular and universally beloved sitcom of all time.", "Shirley Jane Temple (born April 23, 1928), later known as Shirley Temple Black, is an American film and television actress, singer, dancer, autobiographer, and former U.S. Ambassador to Ghana and Czechoslovakia. She began her film career in 1932 at the age of three, and in 1934, skyrocketed to superstardom in Bright Eyes, a feature film designed specifically for her talents. She received a special Academy Award in February 1935, and film hits such as Curly Top and Heidi followed year after year during the mid to late 1930s. Licensed merchandise that capitalized on her wholesome image included dolls, dishes, and clothing. Her box office popularity waned as she reached adolescence, and she left the film industry at the age of 12 to attend high school. She appeared in a few films of varying quality in her mid to late teens, and retired completely from films in 1950 at the age of 22. She was the top box-office draw four years in a row (1935--38) in a Motion Picture Herald poll.", "Joan Crawford (born Lucille Fay LeSueur; March 23, c. 1904 – May 10, 1977) was an American film and television actress who started as a dancer and stage chorine. In 1999, the American Film Institute ranked Crawford tenth on their list of the greatest female stars of Classic Hollywood Cinema.", "Her continued film career was marked with a like character versatility which had and continued to mark precious time for stage work (as in her murderess Ellen Creed in \"Ladies in Retirement\" (1940, on Broadway). In fact, in 1941, she returned to war-torn London to boldly continue theater performances to a grateful country. After the war it was a full life of crisscrossing the Atlantic. Though some British critics were not impressed with her return to Hollywood to play the overly protective mulatto servant of Ingrid Bergman in Saratoga Trunk , it was an outstanding tour de force character performance honored with an Oscar nomination. Among other memorable roles in the late 1940s, even her reflective Anglican Sister Philippa in Powell's visually stunning and provocative Black Narcissus displays her depth as a solid character actress. Another quarter of a century of roles were accented with memorable theatrical performances as Lady Macbeth on Broadway (1949) and as Paulina in Shakespeare's \"The Winter's Tale\" (1951), production by John Gielgud , to add to a kaleidoscope mix of movies from 1948 to 1981 and a sprinkling of character pieces on British TV, though she retired from the stage in 1969.", "Joan Crawford (born Lucille Fay LeSueur; (March 23, 1905 � May 10, 1977) was an Academy Award-winning American actress. The American Film Institute named Crawford among the Greatest Female Stars of All Time, ranking her at number 10.", "Ginger Rogers (July 16, 1911 – April 25, 1995) was an American actress, dancer, and singer who appeared in film, and on stage, radio, and television throughout much of the 20th century.", "In the 1940s, Loretta was still one of the most beautiful ladies in Hollywood. She reached the pinnacle of her career when she won the Academy Award for Best Actress in The Farmer's Daughter , the tale of a farm girl who rises through the ranks and becomes a congresswoman. It was a smash and today is her best remembered film. The same year, she starred in the delightful fantasy The Bishop's Wife with David Niven and Cary Grant . It was another box office success and continues to be a TV staple during the holiday season. In 1949, Loretta starred in the well-received film, Mother Is a Freshman with Van Johnson and Rudy Vallee and Come to the Stable . The latter garnered Loretta her second Oscar nomination, but she lost to Olivia de Havilland in The Heiress . In 1953, Loretta made It Happens Every Thursday , which was to be her final big screen role.", "Famous for: American actress known for her 60 year career as a consummate and versatile professional with a strong, realistic screen presence and a favorite of directors Cecil B. DeMille, Frank Capra, and Fritz Lang. Made 85 films in 38 years before turning to television. Notable roles are Lora Hart from Night Nurse, Selina Peake De Jong from So Big!, Megan from The Bitter Tea of General Yen, Lily from Baby Face, Annie Oakley, Lady Lee from The Gambling Lady, Stella Dallas, Mollie Monahan from Union Pacific, Lorna Moon from Golden Boy, Lee Leander from Remember the Night, Jean from The Lady Eve, Ann Mitchell from Meet John Doe, Sugarpuss O’Shea from Ball of Fire, Hannah Sempler Hoyt from The Great Man’s Lady, Deborah Hoople, aka Dixie Daisy from Lady of Burlesque, Phyllis Dietrichson from Double Indemnity, Elizabeth Lane from Christmas in Connecticut, Martha Ivers from The Strange Love of Martha Ivers, Sally Morton Carroll from The Two Mrs. Carrolls, Sandra Marshall from Cry Wolf, Leona Stevenson from Sorry, Wrong Number, Jessie Bourne from East Side, West Side, Julia Sturges from Titanic, Sierra Nevada Jones from Cattle Queen of Montana, Helen Stilwin from Jeopardy, Gwen Moore from Escape to Burma, and Irene Trent from The Night Walker.", "In 1948 Hughes bought the ailing RKO studio and that year she made her most successful film, a loan to Paramount for The Paleface. Bob Hope, who once introduced the actress as 'the two and only Miss Russell', teamed with her in the Western spoof which led to a sequel.", "Famous for: American actress and dancer who achieved fame during the 1940s as one of the era’s top stars and became known for her deep sultry voice and flaming red hair. Made 61 films in 37 years. Notable roles are Virginia Brush from The Strawberry Blonde, Dona Sol from Blood and Sand, Maria Acuña from You Were Never Lovelier, Rusty Parker/Maribelle Hicks from Cover Girl, Irene Malcolm from Affectionately Yours, Gilda Mundson Farrell from Gilda, Elsa Bannister from The Lady from Shanghai, Carmen from The Loves of Carmen, Princess Salome from Salome, Chris Emery from Affair in Trinidad, Vera Prentice-Simpson from Pal Joey, Ann Shankland from Separate Tables, Rosalie Kenny from The Money Trap, and Señora De La Plata from The Wrath of God.", "Famous for: American actress who has enjoyed popularity as a serious dramatic actress and as a sex symbol. Was cast in a wide range of roles during the 1960s and was especially memorable playing brash and flamboyant women due to her beautiful features, striking blonde hair, and distinctive drawl. Career spanned 50 years and made 80 films. Notable roles are Luz Benedict II from Giant, Baby Doll Meighan from Baby Doll, Patricia Terrill from The Big Country, Mary Ann Robinson from Something Wild, Rina Marlowe Cord from The Carpetbaggers, Deborah Wright from Cheyenne Autumn, Sylvia: West (Karoki, Kay, Carlyle) from Sylvia, Veronica from The Greatest Story Ever Told, Julie Anderson from Mister Moses, Jean Harlow from Harlow, Kathryn West from Paranoia, Baba Yaga, Hazel Aiken from Andy Warhol’s Bad, Helen Curtis from The Watcher in the Woods, Nelly Hoogstraten from Star 80, Annie Phelan from Ironweed, Eleanor Crisp from Kindergarten Cop, Madame from Jackpot, and Ilsa from The Game.", "Eileen Evelyn Greer Garson, CBE (29 September 1904 – 6 April 1996) was a British actress who was very popular during World War II, being listed by the Motion Picture Herald as one of America's top ten box office draws in 1942–46. As one of MGM's major stars of the 1940s, Garson received seven Academy Award nominations, winning the Best Actress award for Mrs. Miniver (1942).", "In the Best Picture-winning film with a setting of pre-war Honolulu, wholesome actress/ingenue Donna Reed (with her sole career nomination - and Oscar win) won the Best Supporting Actress award for another against-type performance, as dark-haired, working girl/nightclub singer \"hostess\" (or prostitute) (Alma) Lorene at the New Congress Club in an affair with soldier/bugler Montgomery Clift in From Here to Eternity (1953) . [Her Oscar nomination and win were the only ones in her entire film career. Later, she would go on to play the clean-cut star of the popular TV show The Donna Reed Show.]", "The movies were enormously popular during the 1940s, and they regularly placed among the top moneymaking films each year. While the films centered more on Hope and Crosby, Lamour held her own as their \"straight man\", and sang some of her most popular songs. Read Less", "92, May 9 \| Pioneering African-American singer and actress who cracked the race barrier in Hollywood in the 1940s.", "Advocate file photo by ERBY AUCOIN -- Feb. 21, 1958. Dot Bourgeois won the bathing suit and evening dress competition of the Miss Capitol City pageant. Bourgeois won the final round to become \"Miss Capitol City\" and became the state contestant in the Miss U.S.A. and Miss Universe competitions. She is perhaps best known for her movie and television roles as Donna Douglas.", "It also brought her several screen offers. She signed with Warner Bros. and landed in Hollywood in December 1948 to star in the film version of the play she had turned down in New York — \"John Loves Mary.\"", "Whose wholesome appearance and perky personality made her one of early television's biggest stars on My Little Margie and The Gale Storm Show. She was a Texas high schooler named Josephine Owaissa Cottle when she entered a 1940 talent contest for a radio show called Gateway to Hollywood and was awarded a movie contract. Long illness, June 27.", "Reasons: Despite her undeniable talent and versatility, she was seen as a sex symbol due to her pin-up days in the 1940s. Also, her career was in decline in the 1950s. Still, she had to fight to be taken seriously by Hollywood.", "In the late 1940s, she tried to make a name for herself as a starlet in Hollywood.", " 1948 Summer Holiday (performer: \"Afraid To Fall In Love\", \"Omar (And The Princess)\", \"Our Home Town\", \"The Stanley Steamer\", \"The Sweetest Kid I Ever Met\" - uncredited)", "WWII pinup girl who became known for having the most beautiful legs in Hollywood. She appeared in How to Marry a Millionaire in 1953." ]	[ 5.44140625, 3.388671875, 1.17578125, -1.8251953125, -2.037109375, -2.1875, -2.20703125, -2.419921875, -2.591796875, -2.92578125, -3.03515625, -3.205078125, -3.634765625, -3.8203125, -3.833984375, -3.931640625, -4.0546875, -4.12109375, -4.6171875, -4.65234375, -4.7890625, -4.9609375, -6.06640625, -7.3046875, -7.57421875, -7.75, -7.9921875, -8.4921875, -8.7890625, -8.875, -9.0078125, -10.0625 ]
Which state did Amelia Earhart land in on her first solo Pacific flight?	[ "In the first flight of its kind, American aviator Amelia Earhart departs Wheeler Field in Honolulu, Hawaii, on a solo flight to North America. Hawaiian commercial interests offered a $10,000 award to whoever accomplished the flight first. The next day, after traveling 2,400 miles in 18 hours, she safely landed at Oakland Airport in Oakland, California.", "January 11-12, 1935:Amelia Earhart took off in a Lockheed Vega from Honolulu and landed in Oakland, CA, 18 hours 15 minutes later — making the first solo flight from Hawaii to the U.S. mainland.", "1. The groundbreaking female aviator, Amelia Earhart, became the first person to fly solo across the Pacific ocean on January 11, 1935 as she traveled from Honolulu, Hawaii to Oakland, California.", "1932 Amelia Earhart, because of bad weather, lands in a pasture in Derry, Northern Ireland, becoming the 1st woman to fly solo across the Atlantic Ocean", "1935 : Amelia Earhart Putnam became the first person to fly solo from Honolulu Hawaii to Oakland California. She had also been the first woman to solo across the Atlantic three years earlier.", "On January 11, 1935, Earhart became the first person to fly solo from Honolulu, Hawaii to Oakland, California. Although this transoceanic flight had been attempted by many others, notably by the unfortunate participants in the 1927 Dole Air Race which had reversed the route, her trailblazing flight had been mainly routine, with no mechanical breakdowns. In her final hours, she even relaxed and listened to \"the broadcast of the Metropolitan Opera from New York.\"", "On January 11–12, 1935, Amelia Earhart became the first person to fly solo from Hawaii to the U.S. mainland, this time in a Lockheed 5C Vega. Although some called it a publicity stunt for Earhart and Hawaiian sugar plantation promoters, it was a dangerous3,875-kilometer (2,408-mile) flight that had already claimed several lives. Of that flight she remarked: \"I wanted the flight just to contribute. I could only hope one more passage across that part of the Pacific would mark a little more clearly the pathway over which an air service of the future will inevitably fly.\" Later that year, Earhart made record flights from Los Angeles to Mexico City and from Mexico City to Newark, New Jersey. She also placed fifth in the 1935 Bendix Race. Earhart was a two-time Harmon Trophy winner and was also the recipient of the U.S. Distinguished Flying Cross.", "1935: Amelia Earhart is first woman (2nd person) to fly solo from Honolulu to Oakland, CA", "; First solo crossing of the Atlantic by a woman: On 20 May 1932, Amelia Earhart set off from Harbour Grace, Newfoundland, intending to fly to Paris in her single engine Lockheed Vega 5b to emulate Charles Lindbergh's solo flight. After encountering storms and a burnt exhaust pipe, Earhart landed in a pasture at Culmore, north of Derry, Northern Ireland, ending a flight lasting 14h 56m.", "Amelia Earhart's plans to fly solo from Hawaii to the U.S. mainland necessitated shipping her plane from Los Angeles on December 23, 1934, to Honolulu.", "On January 11, 1935, Earhart became the first person to fly solo from Honolulu, Hawaii to Oakland, California.", "* In 1932, Amelia Earhart became the first female to make a solo flight across the Atlantic from Harbour Grace, Newfoundland to Derry, Northern Ireland. ", "On December 28, 1920 Amelia and her father visited an air show in California. Amelia went on her first plane flight that day. She later said that \"I knew I had to fly\" as soon as the plane was just a few hundred feet off the ground.", "American aviatrix Amelia Earhart waves from the Electra before taking off from Los Angeles on March 10, 1937. Earhart is flying to Oakland, Calif., where she and her crew will begin their around-the-world flight on March 18. Associated Press", "Amelia Earhart , born in 1897 in Kansas, worked as a nurse’s aide and a social worker before learning to fly and buying her own plane in 1921. She set the women’s altitude record in 1923, and in 1928 was offered the opportunity by publicist George Putnam—her future husband—to be the first woman to take part in a trans-Atlantic flight.", "At the age of 34, on the morning of May 20, 1932, Earhart set off from Harbour Grace, Newfoundland with a copy of the Telegraph-Journal, given to her by journalist Stuart Trueman,\"Eighty years since famed flight; Anniversary Amelia Earhart's stop in Saint John may have been brief but pivotal in record-breaking feat\". The Telegraph-Journal, May 19, 2012. intended to confirm the date of the flight. She intended to fly to Paris in her single engine Lockheed Vega 5B to emulate Charles Lindbergh's solo flight. Her technical advisor for the flight was famed Norwegian American aviator Bernt Balchen who helped prepare her aircraft. He also played the role of \"decoy\" for the press as he was ostensibly preparing Earhart's Vega for his own Arctic flight. After a flight lasting 14 hours, 56 minutes during which she contended with strong northerly winds, icy conditions and mechanical problems, Earhart landed in a pasture at Culmore, north of Derry, Northern Ireland. The landing was witnessed by Cecil King and T. Sawyer. When a farm hand asked, \"Have you flown far?\" Earhart replied, \"From America.\" The site now is the home of a small museum, the Amelia Earhart Centre. ", "Amelia Earhart, first woman granted a pilot's license by the National Aeronautics Associate and first woman to fly solo across the Atlantic Ocean was from Atchison.", "1935- Amelia Earhart became the first woman to fly solo across the Pacific Ocean as she began her flight from", "MARY TILLOTSON: Amelia Earhart was born in eighteen ninety-seven in the middle western state of Kansas. She was not a child of her times. Most American girls at the beginning of the twentieth century were taught to sit quietly and speak softly. They were not permitted to play ball or climb trees. Those activities were considered fun for boys. They were considered wrong for girls.", "In the fall of 1919, Earhart enrolled in a pre-med program at Columbia University , but in 1920 quit to rejoin her recently reunited parents in California. Several months after her arrival, she attended a stunt-flying expedition with her father at Daugherty Field, Long Beach . Earhart's heart raced when an aircraft flew directly over their seats. The next day she was given a 10-minute flight.", "An undated file photo shows Amelia Earhart, the first woman to fly solo across the Atlantic Ocean. New research indicates she survived for some time after landing on a tiny Pacific atoll in 1937.", "Amelia Mary Earhart; July 24, 1897 – disappeared July 2, 1937) was an American aviation pioneer and author. Earhart was the first female pilot to fly solo across the Atlantic Ocean. She received the U.S. Distinguished Flying Cross for this record. She set many other records, wrote best-selling books about her flying experiences and was instrumental in the formation of The Ninety-Nines, an organization for female pilots. Earhart joined the faculty of the Purdue University aviation department in 1935 as a visiting faculty member to counsel women on careers and help inspire others with her love for aviation. She was also a member of the National Woman's Party, and an early supporter of the Equal Rights Amendment.*^", "Amelia Earhart was not always famous. She was born to Edwin Stanton and Amy Otis Earhart on July 24, 1897, in Atchison, Kansas, and three years later her sister Muriel was born. The girls were brought up in Kansas City where the family lived, but they spent a great deal of time at their grandparents' home in Atchison, Kansas where Amelia was born. Mr. Stanton worked for the railroad as a lawyer and was often away on business trips and Mrs. Earhart often accompanied him. Edwin Stanton, though a caring man, lost his job due to alcoholism and the family fell on hard times. They moved to Des Moines, Iowa, then to St. Paul, Minnesota and then back to Kansas City while Mr. Stanton obtained new jobs and relocated.", "STEVE EMBER: The Earharts lived in a number of places in America’s Middle West when the girls were growing up. The family was living in Chicago, Illinois when Amelia completed high school in nineteen sixteen.", "Amelia Earhart became the first woman to fly across the Atlantic and the first person to make a solo flight across both the Atlantic and the Pacific oceans.", "1919 (spring) - Amelia Earhart took an auto repair class -- for girls only -- in Massachusetts, where she moved to live with her mother and sister", "Amelia Earhart becomes the first woman to fly solo across the North American continent and back.", "Tom: Amelia Earhart was a vice president of National Airways, which conducted the flying operations of the Boston-Maine Airways (later to become Northeast) and several other airlines in the northeast.", "1937 - American aviation pioneer Amelia Earhart disappeared in the Central Pacific during an attempt to fly around the world at the equator.", "In this photo supplied by the International Group for Historic Aircraft Recovery, the south Pacific atoll of Gardner Island, now called Nikumaroro, is seen from the air on July 9, 1937. This is where some believe Amelia Earhart survived as a castaway in 1937.", "Amelia Earhart, the first woman to fly solo across the Atlantic Ocean, is shown in this undated file photo. Associated Press", "In Long Beach, on December 28, 1920, Earhart and her father visited an airfield where Frank Hawks (who later gained fame as an air racer) gave her a ride that would forever change Earhart's life. \"By the time I had got two or three hundred feet [60–90 m] off the ground,\" she said, \"I knew I had to fly.\" After that 10-minute flight (that cost her father $10), she immediately became determined to learn to fly. Working at a variety of jobs, including photographer, truck driver, and stenographer at the local telephone company, she managed to save $1,000 for flying lessons. Earhart had her first lessons, beginning on January 3, 1921, at Kinner Field, near Long Beach. In order to reach the airfield, Earhart had to take a bus to the end of the line, then walk four miles (6 km). Earhart's mother also provided part of the $1,000 \"stake\" against her \"better judgement.\" Her teacher was Anita \"Neta\" Snook, a pioneer female aviator who used a surplus Curtiss JN-4 \"Canuck\" for training. Earhart arrived with her father and a singular request, \"I want to fly. Will you teach me?\" " ]	[ 5.6640625, 5.4609375, 5.328125, 3.22265625, 3.134765625, 3.03515625, 2.8359375, 2.63671875, 2.578125, 2.546875, 2.515625, 2.095703125, 1.5205078125, 1.14453125, 0.8798828125, 0.59814453125, 0.50830078125, 0.272216796875, 0.1029052734375, 0.031158447265625, -0.445068359375, -0.90771484375, -0.91650390625, -1.841796875, -2.03125, -2.037109375, -2.171875, -2.259765625, -2.498046875, -3.048828125, -3.98046875, -5.29296875 ]
What is Billy Ocean's real name?	[ "Billy Ocean (born Leslie Sebastian Charles; 21 January 1950) is a Trinidadian-born English recording artist who had a string of R&B international pop hits in the 1970s and 1980s. He was the most popular British R&B singer-songwriter of the early to mid-1980s. After scoring his first four UK Top 20 successes, seven years passed before he accumulated a series of transatlantic successes, including three U.S. number ones. In 1985, Ocean won the Grammy Award for Best Male R&B Vocal Performance for his worldwide hit, \"Caribbean Queen\", and in 1987 was nominated for the Brit Award for Best British Male Artist. ", "Billy Ocean (born Leslie Sebastian Charles, 21 January 1950, Fyzabad, Trinidad) is a Grammy Award-winning British popular music performer who had a string of rhythm and blues-tinged international pop hits in the 1970s and 1980s. He was the main British R&B singer / songwriter of the 1980s. He waited seven years after scoring his first four UK top 20 successes, before accumulating a series of transatlantic successes, including three U.S. number ones.", "Billy Ocean was born on January 21, 1950 in Trinidad, British West Indies as Leslie Sebastian Charles. He has been married to Judy Bayne since October 1982. They have three children.", "Marilyn Manson (born Brian Hugh Warner; January 5, 1969) is an American musician and artist known for his controversial stage persona and image as the lead singer of the eponymous band, Marilyn Manson. His stage name was formed from juxtaposing the names of two 1960's American cultural icons, namely, actress Marilyn Monroe and convicted multiple murder mastermind Charles Manson as a critical and, simultaneously, laudatory appraisal of America and its peculiar culture. He has a long legacy of being depicted in the media as a detrimental influence on children. The seemingly outrageous styles for which he models and the controversy surrounding his lyrics have led to his very pronounced public appeal.", "Peter Gene Hernandez (born October 8, 1985), professionally known by his stage name Bruno Mars, is an American singer-songwriter, record producer, voice actor, and choreographer. Born and raised in Honolulu, Hawaii, by a family of musicians, Mars began making music at a young age and performed in various musical venues in his hometown throughout his childhood. He graduated from high school and moved to Los Angeles to pursue a musical career. Mars produced songs for other artists, co-founding the production team: The Smeezingtons. Hide", "William John Paul \"Liam\" Gallagher OBE (born 21 September 1972) is an English musician, singer, and songwriter. He rose to fame as the lead singer of the rock band Oasis, and later as the singer of Beady Eye. His erratic behaviour, distinctive singing style, and abrasive attitude have been the subject of commentary in the press; he remains one of the most recognisable figures in modern British music.", "Ocean was born as Leslie Charles in Fyzabad, Trinidad and Tobago, to Hainsley Charles, a Grenadian musician and his wife Violet. He moved to Romford, Essex, England, with his family at the age of ten. He was exposed to music at an early age from his musician father, and, growing up, Ocean realized he was in line to follow his father's ambitions. During his teenage years, he sang regularly in London clubs while also working as a tailor in London's Savile Row. He was discovered by his first manager, John Morphew, who recorded a double A side single at Pye Studios in London with a full orchestra, However, the ballad singing style of Les was going out of fashion and Morphew was unable to get any major label to release it. It remains unreleased. Les's father, who countersigned the management contract as Les was younger than 18 asked Morphew to release him from contract, which he did without penalty. In 1969 he joined a local band \"The Shades of Midnight\" playing in the Shoreditch area of London. He recorded his first single, \"Nashville Rain\" backed with \"Sun In The Morning\", in 1971 for Spark Records as Les Charles and for two years fronted a studio band called Scorched Earth, with whom he released \"On The Run\" backed with \"Let's Put Our Emotions in Motion\" in 1974.", "In April 2010, an 18-track compilation album was released in the UK by Sony Music titled The Very Best of Billy Ocean to tie in with a 30-date tour of the UK and Ireland. Featuring Ocean's biggest hits, the album debuted in the UK Albums Chart at No. 17. ", "Billy Joel (born William Martin Joel; May 9, 1949) is an American rock musician, singersongwriter, and classical composer. Since releasing his first hit song, \"Piano Man\", in 1973, Joel has become the sixth best-selling recording artist and the third best-selling solo artist in the United States, according to the RIAA. Joel had Top 10 hits in the 1970s, 1980s, and 1990s and has 33 Top 40 hits in the United States, all of which he wrote singlehandedly. He is also a six-time Grammy Award winner, a 23-time Grammy nominee and has sold over 100 million records worldwide. He was inducted into the Songwriter's Hall of Fame (1992), the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame (1999), and the Long Island Music Hall of Fame (2006). Joel \"retired\" from recording pop music in 1993 but continues to tour. Upon seeing The Beatles on The Ed Sullivan Show in 1964 as a teen, Joel decided to", "Madonna was born on August 16, 1958 in Bay City, Michigan, United States. Her full name is Madonna Louise Veronica Ciccone and currently has 56 years old today. His hits include the song include, “Like a Virgin” from the year 1984, “La Isla Bonita” in the year 1987, “like a prayer” in 1989 and “Hung Up” in 2005), it also became actress, acting in the film, “Evita”, released in 1996. The American singer is one of the artists with greater commercial success of the last century.", "Billy. born 1957, British rock singer and songwriter, noted for his political protest songs; recordings include Between the Wars (1985), Workers' Playtime (1988), Mermaid Avenue (1998), and England, Half English (2002)", "Richard Melville Hall (born September 11, 1965), known by his stage name Moby, is an American singer-songwriter, musician, DJ and photographer. He is well known for his electronic music, veganism, and support of animal rights. Moby has sold over 20 million albums worldwide. AllMusic considers him \"one of the most important dance music figures of the early 1990s, helping bring the music to a mainstream audience both in the UK and in America\". ", "The Story: According to the magenta musician herself, it was a cruel childhood nickname: \"It was a mean thing at first; some kids at camp pulled my pants down and I blushed so much, and they were like, 'Ha ha! Look at her! She's pink!' And then the movie Reservoir Dogs came out and Mr. Pink was the one with the smart mouth, so it just happened all over again.\" Also: The artist formerly known as The Artist Formerly Known as Prince was born Prince Rogers Nelson.", "Robert James Ritchie, known by his stage name Kid Rock, is an American musician and actor. He is most popularly known for his first commercial success, the 1998 studio album Devil Without a Cause, which sold 13 million albums worldwide. He is a five time Grammy Award nominee and has sold 23.5 millio", "Pharrell Williams, (born April 5, 1973, Virginia Beach, Virginia, U.S.), American musician who was involved in a number of pop hits as part of the producing team Neptunes, as a songwriter, and as a solo performer.", "Peter Andre (born Peter James Andrea; 27 February 1973 in Harrow, London) is an English-Australian singer, songwriter, businessman, presenter and television personality of Greek Cypriot descent.", "Joel had Top 40 hits in the 1970s, 1980s, and 1990s, achieving 33 Top 40 hits in the United States, all of which he wrote himself. He is also a six-time Grammy Award winner, a 23-time Grammy nominee and has sold over 150 million records worldwide. [5] He was inducted into the Songwriter's Hall of Fame (1992), the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame (1999), and the Long Island Music Hall of Fame (2006). In 2008, Billboard magazine released a list of the Hot 100 All-Time Top Artists to celebrate the US singles chart's 50th anniversary, with Billy Joel positioned at No. 23. With the exception of the 2007 songs \" All My Life \" and \" Christmas in Fallujah ,\" Joel stopped recording pop/rock material after 1993's River of Dreams , but he continued to tour extensively until 2010. [6]", "1984: Billy Ocean begins a two-week stint at No. 1 on the singles chart with \"Caribbean Queen.\"", "Billy Joel is an American musician, pianist, singer-songwriter and composer. He is the sixth best-selling recording artist and third best-selling solo artist in the United States .", "Frankie Avalon was born on 18 Sep 1940 in Philadelphia, USA. He was on American television playing trumpet by the time he was 11. Two singles showcasing Avalon's trumpet playing were issued on RCA Victor's \"X\" label in 1954. It was In 1959 that he became a teenage heart-throb following the release of \"Venus\". The song was an American number one for 5 weeks. In the USA he had 31 hit singles from 1958 to late 1962. Teamed frequently with Annette Funicello, Avalon starred in a number of popular beach-party comedy films during the mid-1960s. The wholesome and romantic coupling of \"Frankie and Annette\" in summer movies such as \"Beach Party\" and \"Beach Blanket Bingo\" became iconic figures in American films during that era. He still occasionally performs.", "He was inducted into the Songwriter's Hall of Fame (1992), the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame (1999), the Long Island Music Hall of Fame (2006), and the Hit Parade Hall of Fame (2009).ï¿½ In 2008, Billboard magazine released a list of the Hot 100 All-Time Top Artists to celebrate the US singles chart's 50th anniversary, with Billy Joel positioned at No. 23.ï¿½ With the exception of the 2007 songs \"All My Life\" and \"Christmas in Fallujah,\" Joel discontinued recording pop/rock material after 1993's River of Dreams, but he continues to tour.", "Billy Fury (17 Apr 1940 - 28 Jan 1983) was born in Liverpool, England. He bought his first guitar at age 14, entered talent contests, and by 1958 was writing his own songs. He was spotted by impresario Larry Parnes, who put him on tour, and arranged a recording contract with Decca. He also appeared on the TV pop show \"Oh Boy!\", and released his first record in 1959. He went on to considerable success, and had amassed 26 hit singles by the end of 1966. Heart problems, which he suffered from childhood, led to surgery in the early 1970s. He did some touring and recording in the very early 1980s, but his heart problems worsened, and died in London in January 1983, aged just 42. On 19 April 2003 a bronze statue of Fury was unveiled at the National Museum of Liverpool Life.", "*Billy Bragg - an English alternative rock musician and left-wing activist who wrote material whilst in Oundle in the 1980s, most notably \"A New England\" ", "As he explained to Howard Stern, Billy Joel was on vacation in the Caribbean when he was playing the piano, looked up, and saw Elle McPherson, Christie Brinkley and Whitney Houston (who was more a model than a musician at that point) standing over his piano in wonderment watching him play. Joel thanked his creator for his good fortune, and began dating Elle. His first attempt at the song had the lyrics, \"Uptown girls, I've been around the world.\" The music was more of a classical piece when it started.", "Source: Biographical information provided by MUZE. Excerpted from the ENCYCLOPEDIA OF POPULAR MUSIC, edited by Colin Larkin. © 2004 MUZE UK Ltd.", "No one has really glorified their \"bad habits\" with as much elegance as Australian jazz singer/songwriter, Billy Field. Raised in the rural town of Urana in NSW, Billy spent his late teens and early 20's working on a station before heading to Sydney in search of a musical career. He was good for a couple of albums, the chart-topping \"Bad Habits\", gave him three Top 20 hits, including a #1, and \"Try Biology\", moderately peaking at #21, but garnering no hits. Nowadays, Billy earns his keep producing jazz recordings in his own studio.", "His early musical influences included The Beatles, The Rolling Stones, Led Zeppelin, Sly & The Family Stone and James Brown. Soon after, he discovered David Bowie, Iggy Pop and Lou Reed. Following graduation from high school, Farrell moved to California in the early 1980s to live as a surfer. There, he lived in his car and made money working construction and waiting tables. Farrell has been sighted at premier surfing destinations throughout the world, most notably Bali, in 2001.", "In 1989, Billy Joel released his Grammy Nominated album Storm Front. Watch the official music video for his #1 Hit Song \"We Didn't Start the Fire.\"", "in 1989 - Billy Joel went to No.1 on the US album chart with 'Storm Front'.", "Pop musicians seeking to utilize catchy, marketable names include Madonna, Lady Gaga, Prince, Keith Sweat, Pink, as well as R&B musicians Jamie Foxx and Alicia Keys, though both Madonna and Prince were given those names at birth; Lady Gaga named herself after the song \"Radio Ga Ga\" by the band Queen.", "It was the intriguing portrait of Barnacle on the cover of Brenda Maddox’s 1988 biography, Nora: The Real Life of Molly Bloom, that first intrigued Davey. “I’ve always been interested in songs of a biographical nature,” he says. “I like the idea of songs that are photographs of other people’s lives. Then, there’s always the opportunity for overlap between one’s own experience and the experience of the person you’re doing a portrait of. So songs for me are much more interesting when they’re musical portraits.”", "Billy Guy - of The Coasters died of a heart attack on November 5th, 2002. He was 66" ]	[ 7.1875, 6.69140625, 3.9453125, -2.59765625, -2.80859375, -2.83203125, -3.1328125, -3.6015625, -3.693359375, -4.01953125, -4.2578125, -4.5, -4.8125, -5.125, -5.42578125, -5.45703125, -5.69921875, -5.73046875, -6.0859375, -6.16796875, -6.17578125, -6.80078125, -7.4140625, -7.52734375, -7.6640625, -7.84375, -8.4140625, -8.7421875, -8.7578125, -9.515625, -9.59375, -10.1640625 ]
How was writer William Sydney Porter better known?	[ "William Sydney Porter (18621910)—better known as O. Henry—is one of the world's most widely published writers. A master of the short story, he is the author of more than six hundred tales that have been translated into nearly every language. He is best known for his stories about New York City, which include \"The Gift of the Magi\" and \"The Purple Dress\".", "William Sydney Porter (September 11, 1862 – June 5, 1910), better known by his pen name O. Henry, was an American writer. O. Henry's short stories are known for their wit, wordplay, warm characterization and clever twist endings.", "1 William Sydney Porter, better known as O. Henry, was an American writer born on September 11, 1862, in Greensboro, North Carolina. Porter lost his mother to tuberculosis at the age of three, so he and his father, Dr. Algernon Sidney Porter, moved in with Porter's paternal grandmother.", "(1862 - 1910) was born under the name William Sydney Porter in Greensboro, North Carolina in 1862. This Amercian Short Story writer has a rich canon and his short stories are well known throughout the world; noted for their witticism, clever wordplay, and unexpected twist endings.", "(September 11, 1862 - June 5, 1910) O. Henry was the pen name for William Sydney Porter, an American short story writer. His stories were famous for the way he used words, humor and twist endings. Many of his stories were set in New York City and told about the lives of ordinary working people.", "The stylistic analysis of the text “The last leaf” by O.Henry. I would like to tell you a story “The last leaf” written by O.... Henry. William Sydney Porter (September 11, 1862 – June 5, 1910), known by his pen name O. Henry, was an American writer. O. Henry's short stories are known for their wit, wordplay, warm characterization and clever twist endings. None of his stories can leave the reader cold blooded. All the stories have deep sense, make you debate a matter in your mind and have a lot of...", "O. Henry was the pen name of William Sydney Porter, a man whose short stories are known for their surprise endings.-Pagepulp.com", "(Biography) pen name of William Sidney Porter. 1862–1910, US short-story writer. His collections of stories, characterized by his use of caricature and surprising endings, include Cabbages and Kings (1904) and The Four Million (1906)", "William Sydney Porter (b.North Carolina, 1862–1910) apparently embezzled funds from an Austin bank, escaped to Honduras , but returned to serve a three-year jail term—during which time he began writing short stories, later published under the pen name O. Henry. Katherine Anne Porter (1890–1980) also won fame as a short-story writer. Fred Gipson (1908–73) wrote Hound Dog Man and Old Yeller, praised by critics as a remarkable evocation of a frontier boy's viewpoint. Two novels by Larry McMurtry (b.1936), Horsemen, Pass By (film title, Hud ) and The Last Picture Show, became significant motion pictures. Robert Rauschenberg (b.1925) is a leading contemporary painter. Elisabet Ney (b.Germany, 1833–1907), a sculptor, came to Texas with a European reputation and became the state's first determined feminist; she wore pants in public, and seldom passed up an opportunity to transgress Texans' Victorian mores. E. Donnall Thomas, 1990 co-recipient of the Nobel Prize in medicine, was born 15 March 1920 in Mart, Texas.", "William Sydney (O. Henry) Porter, american author of short stories, was born in Greensboro of English and Dutch ancestry. He was the son of Algernon Sidney, a physician, and Mary Jane Virginia Swaim Porter. Porter's great-uncle, Jonathan Worth, was governor of North Carolina from 1865 to 1868. Born of a respectable middle-class stock, he was reared and educated by Miss Evelina Porter, his aunt. At age fifteen, he quit school and began work as a clerk and as a pharmacist's apprentice in his Uncle Clark's drugstore. For reasons of unsatisfactory health and unfavorable home conditions, he left for La Salle County, Tex., in 1882, where he identified with the robust life of ranching that was to give an atmosphere and flavor to some of his later writings.", "O. Henry [William Sydney Porter] (1862-1910), U.S. short-story writer. \"A Tempered Wind,\" The Gentle Grafter (1908). O. Henry also referred to New...", "When William Sidney Porter was three, his mother died of tuberculosis, and the Porter family moved to the home of his paternal grandmother, Ruth Porter. William's grandmother and unmarried aunt, Evelina Maria Porter, would now be responsible for raising the children. William was an avid reader, and developed a lifelong love of books. Following his schooling, he began working as a bookkeeper and pharmacist's assistant at his uncle's drugstore, W.C. Porter and Company Drug Store. By 1881, he'd become a licensed pharmacist. During this period, he became known locally for the cartoons and sketches he would produce of the townspeople, while working at the store. After relocating to Texas in 1882, he held various jobs, including ranch hand, pharmacist, draftsman, journalist, and a teller in an Austin bank.", "William Sidney Porter was born on September 11, 1862, in Greensboro, North Carolina. He changed the spelling of his middle name to Sydney in 1898. His parents were Dr. Algernon Sidney Porter (1825–88), a physician, and Mary Jane Virginia Swaim Porter (1833–65). They were married on April 20, 1858. When William was three, his mother died from tuberculosis, and he and his father moved into the home of his paternal grandmother. As a child, Porter was always reading, everything from classics to dime novels; his favorite works were Lane's translation of One Thousand and One Nights, and Burton's Anatomy of Melancholy.", "In 1894, he was accused by the bank of embezzlement and lost his job but was not indicted. Porter and his family moved to Houston in 1895, where he started writing for the Post. While he was in Houston, the First National Bank of Austin was audited and the federal auditors found several discrepancies. They managed to get a federal indictment against Porter. Porter was subsequently arrested on charges of embezzlement, charges which he denied, in connection with his employment at the bank. Porter’s father-in-law posted bail to keep Porter out of jail, but the day before Porter was due to stand trial on July 7, 1896, he fled, first to New Orleans and later to Honduras. While holed up in a Tegucigalpa hotel for several months, he wrote “Cabbages and Kings,” in which he coined the term “banana republic” to describe the country. When he learned that his wife was dying, Porter returned to Austin in February 1897 and surrendered to the court, pending an appeal. Having little to say in his own defense, he was found guilty of embezzlement and sentenced to five years jail at the Ohio Penitentiary in Columbus, OH. While in prison, Porter had fourteen stories published under various pseudonyms, but was becoming best known as “O. Henry,” a pseudonym that first appeared over the story “Whistling Dick’s Christmas Stocking” in the December, 1899, issue of McClure’s Magazine.", "Troubled by ill-health and heavy drinking for many years, surely Porter was happy when he married his childhood sweetheart from Greensboro, Sara (Sallie) Lindsey Coleman, in 1907. But Porter was living an extravagant lifestyle amid increasing pressure to keep his commitments to publishers for more and more stories. This stress plus added financial problems led to Sara leaving in him in 1909. William Sidney Porter died of cirrhosis on 5 June, 1910. A funeral was held in New York City. He now lies buried at the Riverside Cemetery in Asheville, North Carolina. His daughter was later buried beside him. His last complete short story is \"Let Me Feel Your Pulse\". The O. Henry Museum in Austen, Texas, open to the public, serves to preserve artifacts and archival materials related to O. Henry.", "Whirligigs, Rolling Stones, Postscripts, The Voice of the City, The Trimmed Lamp, Strictly Business, The Four Million, Sixes and Sevens, and Cabbages and Kings are all collections of short stories by, for ten points, what author whose real name was William Sydney Porter?", "William Sidney Porter was born on September 11, 1862, in Greensboro, North Carolina. His middle name at birth was Sidney; he changed the spelling to Sydney in ... more »", "After being released from prison in just three years, Porter moved on to the next chapter in his life: New York City. This was where he really came into his own and all his previous life's experience served to inspire stories. Porter crafted everyday tales of myriad characters, many recurring, based in New York City with humour, wit, and realism. His stories often have a surprise or twist ending, and Porter's fans looked forward to more in such publications as World, Ainslee's, and McClure's. Porter has been compared to other masters of the short story including Nikolai Vasilievich Gogol , Bret Harte , Rudyard Kipling , Mark Twain , and French author Guy de Maupassant (1850-1893). Porter also wrote numerous stories set in Western and South and Central America. Despite many of his works being panned by the critics he was becoming one of America's most popular short story authors. So much so that several collections were published including Cabbages and Kings (1904), The Four Million (1909), Options (1909), Roads of Destiny (1909), The Trimmed Lamp (1910), Strictly Business: More Stories of the Four Million (1910), Whirligigs (1910), Sixes and Sevens (1911), The Gentle Grafter (1919) and Rolling Stones (1919).", "Porter’s most prolific writing period started in 1902, when he was released from prison and moved to New York City to be near his publishers. While there, he wrote 381 short stories. The Four Million was his first collection of stories. We read some of Porter’s stories in high school literature classes. One of his most famous is “The Gift of the Magi,” about a young couple who are short of money but desperately want to buy each other Christmas gifts. Unbeknownst to Jim, Della sells her most valuable possession, her beautiful hair, in order to buy a platinum fob chain for Jim’s watch; while unbeknownst to Della, Jim sells his own most valuable possession, his watch, to buy jeweled combs for Della’s hair. My favorite is “The Ransom of Red Chief,” in which two men kidnap a boy of ten for ransom. The boy turns out to be so bratty and obnoxious that the desperate men ultimately pay the boy’s father $250 to take him back. Betty Burger, in a Homeschooling Today article (Nov./Dec., 2000) wrote, “In general, O. Henry’s philosophy, while informed by a Christian culture, is not specifically Christian. In fact, it is sometimes non-Christian in its portrayal of characters as victims of fate.” Yet she also noted that in many cases “the author’s theme is consistent with Christian teaching.”", "Porter died of diabetes and cirrhosis of the liver in the Polyclinic Hospital in New York. Interment followed on 7 June in Asheville. He was married twice: on 5 July 1887 to Athol Estes and on 27 Nov. 1907 to Sara Coleman of Asheville . Athol bore him one daughter, Margaret Worth, in 1889. As a tribute to Porter's contributions to American literature, the Society of Arts and Letters, in 1918, founded the O. Henry Memorial Award to be awarded annually to the author of the best American short story.", "Porter's mother died in 1952, and his wife died from emphysema in 1954. By 1958, Porter's injuries caused a series of ulcers on his right leg. After 34 operations, it had to be amputated and replaced with an artificial limb.Citron, p. 249 His friend Noël Coward visited him in the hospital and wrote in his diary, \"The lines of ceaseless pain have been wiped from his face.... I am convinced that his whole life will cheer up and that his work will profit accordingly.\" In fact, Porter never wrote another song after the amputation and spent the remaining six years of his life in relative seclusion, seeing only intimate friends. He continued to live in the Waldorf Towers in New York in his memorabilia-filled apartment. On weekends he often visited an estate in the Berkshires, and he stayed in California during the summers.", "A contemporary of George Gershwin, Richard Rogers and Jerome Kern, Porter broke from the simple sentimentality that dominated Tin Pan Alley . His urbane wit and musical complexity won him the affection of the nation. Songs such as “What Is This Thing Called Love,” “I Get A Kick Out of You,” and “Too Darn Hot,” became instant hits and have remained classics. While his name was associated with many of these upbeat show toons, a more melancholy side could be seen in such wonderful songs as “Miss Otis Regrets” and “Ev’ry Time We Say Goodbye.”", "\"In his lyrics and melodies...he fixed the smartness and cynicism, the freedom in sex attitudes, the lack of inhibitions in speech and behavior, and the outright iconoclasm that had characterized the 1920's. He is the arch cynic to whom a crushing love affair was \"just one of those things\" and who could be true to his girl \"only in my fashion.\" He is the dilettante who sprinkles throughout his lyrics cultural, literary, and geographical allusions of a well-read, well-educated, and well-traveled person. He is the nonconformist unafraid of the erotic, the exotic, or the esoteric. He is the sensualist who brings to his melodies throbbing excitement, purple moods, irresistible climaxes. Most of all, he himself is like a character from a novel of F. Scott Fitzgerald. All his life Cole Porter was the avid hunter of excitement, adventure, and gaiety; all his life he traveled under the banner of \"anything goes\". He was the sybarite to whom the good things of life was almost a religion. Provocative in his attitudes, unpredictable in mood and action, irresponsible in behavior, he was truly a living symbol of the decade in which he first achieved maturity as a song writer.\" (Cole Porter: The Great Sophisticate, http://www.theatrehistory.com/american/porter002.html ).", "After the armistice, Porter stayed on in the City of Light, taking an occasional class in composition, writing an occasional ballad, amusing acquaintances and friends with occasional performances, and moving with the haute monde. Novelist Michael Arlen, another expatriate, wrote a caricature of Porter in 1919. “Every morning at half-past seven Cole Porter leaps lightly out of bed and having said his prayers, arranges himself in a riding habit. Then, having written a song or two, he will appear at the stroke of half-past twelve at the Ritz, where leaning in a manly way on the bar, he will say ‘Champagne cocktail, please. Had a marvelous ride this morning.’ That statement gives him strength and confidence on which to suffer this, our life, until ten minutes past three in the afternoon when he will fall into a childlike sleep.”", "Which of the two assertions were truly made by the author and which are made up? A) Porter started to write short stories under the pseudonym of O. Henry B) William Faulkner ‘s books include Requiem for a Monk (1951), published in Penguins", "Porter married again in 1907, to childhood sweetheart Sarah (Sallie) Lindsey Coleman, whom he met again after revisiting his native state of North Carolina. However, despite the success of his short stories being published in magazines and collections (or perhaps because of the attendant pressure success brought), Porter drank heavily.", "Thornton Wilder (1897-1975) was an accomplished novelist and playwright whose works, exploring the connection between the commonplace and cosmic dimensions of human experience, continue to be read and produced around the world. His Bridge of San Luis Rey, one of seven novels, won the Pulitzer Prize in 1928, as did two of his four full-length dramas, Our Town (1938) and The Skin of Our Teeth (1943). Wilder's The Matchmaker was adapted as the musical Hello, Dolly!. He also enjoyed enormous success with many other forms of the written and spoken word, among them teaching, acting, the opera, and films. (His screenplay for Hitchcock's Shadow of Doubt [1943] remains a classic psycho-thriller to this day.) Wilder's many honors include the Gold Medal for Fiction from the American Academy of Arts and Letters, the Presidential Medal of Freedom, and the National Book Committee's Medal for Literature.", "Despite Porter's claim that after the publication of Ship of Fools she would not win any more prizes in America, in 1966 she was awarded the Pulitzer Prize and the U.S. National Book Award for The Collected Stories of Katherine Anne Porter. That year she was also appointed to the American Academy of Arts and Letters.", "Kaplan, Fred. Dickens: A Biography. New York: William Morrow, 1988. Scholarly and well-written. It is particularly valuable in addressing Dickens’ personal identification with the characters of Sydney Carton and Charles Darnay.", "Katherine Anne Porter was a Pulitzer prize-winning author well-known for her short stories and her novel, \"Ship of Fools.\"", "Katherine Ann Porter was born as Carrie Russell Porter in Indian Creek, Texas on May 15, 1890, and died on September 18, 1980. She is a nationally acclaimed author. She wrote short stories and novels.", "During the 19th century, authors like Charles Dickens and Mark Twain brought humor to novels. In 1892, The Diary of a Nobody by George Grossmith (1854-1919) was published." ]	[ 7.65234375, 7.59375, 6.51953125, 4.390625, 3.7890625, 3.607421875, 2.291015625, 1.4326171875, 1.26171875, 1.0869140625, 0.751953125, 0.423095703125, 0.004436492919921875, -0.603515625, -0.97705078125, -1.8603515625, -2.208984375, -3.341796875, -4.69921875, -5.046875, -5.0859375, -5.34375, -5.70703125, -5.8125, -6.3359375, -6.734375, -7.3984375, -8.375, -8.40625, -8.4453125, -8.6875, -9.765625 ]
What was The Zaire River called before 27th October 1971.	[ "This name is not really new; before the country was called Zaire, it had been known as the Democratic Republic of the Congo. In 1971 the country and even the huge Congo River were renamed Zaire by former President Sese Seko Mobutu. In 1997 General Laurent Kabila took control of Zaire country and returned it to the name the Democratic Republic of the Congo, which it held prior to 1971. A new flag of the Democratic Republic of the Congo of was also introduced to the world.", "27th October 1971 Under an Africanisation policy, Joseph Mobutu changed the country's name to the Republic of Zaire, while the state of Katanga became known as Shaba and the river Congo became known as the Zaire.", "When the river first became known to Europeans at the end of the 15th century, they called it the Zaire, a corruption of a word that is variously given as nzari, nzali, njali, nzaddi, and niadi and that simply means “river” in local African languages. It was only in the early years of the 18th century that the river was first called the “Rio Congo,” a name taken from the kingdom of Kongo that had been situated along the lower course of the river. During the period (1971–97) when the Democratic Republic of the Congo was called Zaire, the government also renamed the river the Zaire. Even during that time, however, the river continued to be known throughout the world as the Congo. To the literary-minded the river is evocative of the famous 1902 short story “ Heart of Darkness ” by Joseph Conrad . His book conjured up an atmosphere of foreboding, treachery, greed, and exploitation. Today, however, the Congo appears as the key to the economic development of the central African interior.", "The Republic of Zaire (pronounced /zɑːˈɪər/; French : République du Zaïre [za.iʁ]) was the name of the present Democratic Republic of the Congo between 27 October 1971 and 17 May 1997. The name of Zaire derives from the Portuguese : Zaire, itself an adaptation of the Kongo word nzere or nzadi, or \"the river that swallows all rivers\". [1]", "Okapi - Democratic Republic of the Congo Zaire /zɑːˈɪər/, officially the Republic of Zaire (French: République du Zaïre; French pronunciation: [za.iʁ]), was the name of the state that existed between 27 October 1971 and 17 May 1997, currently named Democratic Republic of the Congo. Founded by Mobutu Sese Seko, the name of Zaire derives from the Portuguese word \"zaire\", itself an adaptation of the Kongo word nzere or nzadi (\"river that swallows all rivers\").", "The Congo River (also known as Zaire River) is the largest river in the western part of Central Africa. This river is the second largest river in Africa (after the Nile). The river runs through the Congo rainforest which is the second largest rain forest in the world .The name comes from the Kingdom of Congo. From 1971 to 1997, the government called it Zaire River. It is also the deepest river in the world! It reaches depths of over 750 feet (230 meters).The Congo River is so powerful that if has the potential to supply all of sub-Saharan Africa's electricity needs.", "In late 1966, Mobutu abolished the office of prime minister, establishing a presidential form of government. Léopoldville, Stanleyville, and Elisabethville were given African names (Kinshasa, Kisangani, and Lubumbashi, respectively), thus in effect beginning the campaign for \"African authenticity\" that became a major policy of Mobutu in the early 1970s. (In 1971 the country was renamed Zaïre, as was the Congo River; in 1972, Katanga was renamed Shaba—largely in an attempt to destroy the region's past association with secession—and Mobutu dropped his Christian names and called himself Mobutu Sese Seko, while advising other Zaïreans to follow suit.) By the end of the 1960s, the country enjoyed political stability, although there was intermittent student unrest.", "République du Zaïre [za.iʁ]) was the name of the present Democratic Republic of the Congo between 27 October 1971, and 17 May 1997. The name of Zaire derives from the", "The Democratic Republic of the Congo (;; ), also known as DR Congo, DRC, DROC, Congo-Kinshasa, or simply the Congo is a country located in Central Africa. From 1971 to 1997 it was named Zaire, and from 1908 to 1960 it was called the Belgian Congo. The DRC borders the Republic of the Congo, the Central African Republic, and South Sudan to the north; Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi and Tanzania to the east; Zambia and Angola to the south; and the Atlantic Ocean to the west and southwest. It is the second largest country in Africa by area, the largest in Subsaharan Africa, and the eleventh largest in the world. With a population of over 79 million, the Democratic Republic of the Congo is the most populated officially Francophone country, the fourth most populated nation in Africa and the nineteenth most populated country in the world.", "In 1971 Mobutu changed the name of the country to Zaire on the basis that the name Congo had too many terrible connotations.", "* The Democratic Republic of the Congo was known as Zaire (ZAI) between 1984 and 1996.", "The country has formerly been known as Congo Free State, Belgian Congo, Congo or Zaire. The country is also known as Congo-Kinshasa to distinguish it from its northern neighbor, the Republic of Congo (Congo-Brazzaville).", "The Democratic Republic of the Congo was formerly known as the Congo Free State, the Belgian Congo, Congo-Leopoldville, Congo-Kinshasa and Zaire. The current name came into effect in 1997.", "The contemporary river network was formed at the end of the Neocene period and in the Anthropogenic period from intakes of young rivers of ancient systems of internal flow and from their outlet to the oceans. Traces of intakes are evident in the loop-shaped bends of large rivers (the Congo and the Niger) and in the alternation of flattened out and steep sections of riverbeds with numerous rapids and waterfalls (Livingstone and Stanley on the Congo River, Victoria on the Zambezi River; the highest waterfall in Africa is Tugela on the Tugela River in the Drakensberg Mountains, at an altitude of 853 m). As the aridity of the climate increased, ancient lakes, into which ancient rivers flowed, decreased in size or disappeared. Such lakes existed in the Sahara (the Paleo-Saharan sea to the north of the bend of the Niger and others), in the Chad basin (the Paleo-Chad lake), and other areas.", "Belgian Congo became the Republic of the Congo after gaining independence, but the name was changed to Democratic Republic of the Congo in 1964, probably because its neighbouring country, the former French Congo also chose the name \"Republic of the Congo\". The country was then renamed to Zaire between 1965 and 1997 but reverted to \"Democratic Republic of the Congo\" in 1998.", "On May 17, 1997, the African country of Zaire became known as the Democratic Republic of the Congo .", "The Democratic Republic of the Congo was formerly known as, in chronological order, Congo Free State, Belgian Congo, Republic of the Congo (Léopoldville), Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of Zaire and Democratic Republic of the Congo (again).", "The Democratic Republic of the Congo is often referred to as Congo. However, in order to distinguish it from the neighbouring Republic of the Congo to the west, the Democratic Republic of the Congo is sometimes referred to as DR Congo, DRC, or RDC (from its French abbreviation), or is called Congo-Kinshasa after the capital of Kinshasa (in contrast to Congo-Brazzaville for its neighbour). It also borders the Central African Republic and South Sudan to the north; Uganda , Rwanda , and Burundi in the east; Zambia and Angola to the south; the Atlantic Ocean to the west; and is separated from Tanzania by Lake Tanganyika in the east. The country has access to the ocean through a 40-kilometre (25 mi) stretch of Atlantic coastline at Muanda and the roughly 9 km wide mouth of the Congo River which opens into the Gulf of Guinea .", "This is the flag of Congo-Kinshasa, in use from 01 July 1963 until 21 November 1971. In that year, the country was renamed Zaire and the flag was replaced with the Zairian flag , [which remained in use until 1997 � ed.].", "1978 – Zaïre (Congo): From May 19 through June, the United States utilized military transport aircraft to provide logistical support to Belgian and French rescue operations in Zaïre. Template:Ref label", "Mozambique became independent from Portugal in 1975. Since closure, the Zambezi, which is the fourth largest floodplain river in Africa, has received a far more regulated flow rate, but disastrous natural floods still occur. The 1978 flood caused 45 deaths, 100,000 people to be displaced and $62 million worth of damage. According to engineering consultants, \"This was the first flood since completion of Cahora Bassa, and destroyed the widely held belief that the dam would finally bring flooding under full control\". [2] For further details of ecological problems caused by the dam, see the article on the Zambezi River.", "In order to avoid confusion the countries were commonly referred as Congo-Léopoldville and Congo-Brazzaville, with reference to their capital. Sometimes Congo-Léopoldville was referred as The Conga and Congo-Brazzaville as just Congo. On June 1, 1966, Mobutu renamed Léopoldville as Kinshasa. The country was then named Democratic Republic of The Congo – Kinshasa.", "Embarking on a campaign of cultural awareness, Mobutu renamed the country the Republic of Zaire and required citizens to adopt African names. Relative peace and stability prevailed until 1977 and 1978 when Katangan rebels, staged in Angola, launched a series of invasions into the Katanga region. The rebels were driven out with the aid of Belgian, Moroccan and French paratroopers.", "The Bundu people of Zambia believe the Zambezi River has a spirit called Nyami Nyami. This spirit brings them water to grow crops and fish to eat so they call the river \"the river of life\". The Zambezi originates in Northwestern Zambia, formerly Rhodesia, and flows through Angola, Botswana, Zimbabwe, and finally to Mozambique. Here it empties into the Indian Ocean 1600 miles from its headwaters. The climate along the river is considered tropical and the rainy season lasts from October through April. The river changes at different spots along it, going from a placid flow in sandy plains to annually flooded plains to a tumbling river of falls and rapids. Perhaps the most spectacular spot along the river is in Zimbabwe at Victoria Falls. These falls are two times the size of Niagara Falls at 355 feet high and 5500 feet wide! ", "In 1552, Portuguese chronicler Joao de Barros notes that the same Cuama River was called Zembere by the upriver people of Monomotapa and the Portuguese Dominican friar Joao dos Santos, visiting Monomotapa in 1597, reported it as Zambeze. Zambezi appears to be derived from a locality, probably named 'M'biza' (or something very close to that) in the original Bantu.", "The first European to come across the Zambezi river was Vasco da Gama , in January 1498, who anchored at what he called Rio dos Bons Sinais (River of Good Omens), now the Quelimane , a small river on the northern end of the delta, which at that time was connected by navigable channels to the Zambezi river proper (the connection silted up by the 1830s). In a few of the oldest maps, the entire river is denoted as such. But already by the early 1500s, a new named emerged, the Cuama river (sometimes 'Quama' or 'Zuama'). Cuama was the local name given by the dwellers of the Swahili Coast for an outpost located on one the southerly islands of the delta, near the Luabo river. Most old nautical maps denote the Luabo entry as Cuama, the entire delta as the 'rivers of Cuama' and the Zambezi river proper as the 'Cuama river'.", "The first European to come across the Zambezi river was Vasco da Gama, in January 1498, who anchored at what he called Rio dos Bons Sinais (\"River of Good Omens\"), now the Quelimane or Quá-Qua, a small river on the northern end of the delta, which at that time was connected by navigable channels to the Zambezi river proper (the connection silted up by the 1830s). In a few of the oldest maps, the entire river is denoted as such. But already by the early 1500s, a new name emerged, the Cuama river (sometimes \"Quama\" or \"Zuama\"). Cuama was the local name given by the dwellers of the Swahili Coast for an outpost located on one the southerly islands of the delta (near the Luabo channel). Most old nautical maps denote the Luabo entry as Cuama, the entire delta as the \"rivers of Cuama\" and the Zambezi river proper as the \"Cuama River\".", "In a campaign to identify himself with African nationalism, starting on 1 June 1966, Mobutu renamed the nation's cities: Léopoldville became Kinshasa [the country was now Democratic Republic of The Congo – Kinshasa], Stanleyville became Kisangani, Elisabethville became Lubumbashi, and Coquilhatville became Mbandaka. This renaming campaign was completed in the 1970s.", "In Portuguese records, the \"Cuama River\" term disappeared and gave way to the term \"Sena River\" (Rio de Sena), a reference to the Swahili (and later Portuguese) upriver trade station at Sena. In 1752, the Zambezi delta, under the name \"Rivers of Sena\" (Rios de Sena) formed a colonial administrative district of Portuguese Mozambique. But common usage of \"Zambezi\" led eventually to a royal decree in 1858 officially renaming the district \"Zambézia\".", "12th January 1972 Joseph Mobutu changed his name to Mobutu Sese Seko. All Zairians were also forced to Africanize their own names and adopt full African dress.", "15 By what name was Kinshasa, capital of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, known before 1966?", "Machel reacted by shifting the focus of the war elsewhere, stepping up FRELIMO operations in the western province of Tete. This was where a massive dam was being built at Cahora Bassa, on the Zambezi, to sell electricity to South Africa. Fearful that FRELIMO would attack the dam site, the Portuguese set up three concentric rings of defence around Cahora Bassa. This denuded the rest of Tete province of troops, and in 1972 FRELIMO crossed the Zambezi, striking further and further south." ]	[ 4.0625, 4.01171875, 3.455078125, 2.14453125, 1.7646484375, 1.3486328125, 0.300537109375, -0.0108795166015625, -1.1650390625, -2.923828125, -3.65234375, -4.0078125, -4.5703125, -4.7109375, -4.875, -4.89453125, -4.90234375, -5.1953125, -5.93359375, -6.32421875, -6.82421875, -6.85546875, -7.01171875, -7.09765625, -7.5390625, -7.58203125, -7.765625, -7.92578125, -8.1640625, -8.234375, -8.53125, -8.875 ]
What was the profession of Thomas Eakins?	[ "Thomas Cowperthwait Eakins (July 25, 1844 – June 25, 1916) was an American realist painter, photographer[2], sculptor, and fine arts educator. He is widely acknowledged to be one of the most important artists in American art history.[3][4]", "Thomas Cowperthwait Eakins (July 25, 1844 – June 25, 1916) was an American realist painter, photographer, sculptor, and fine arts educator. He is widely acknowledged to be one of the most important artists in American art history. ", "*Thomas Eakins (1844–1916): American realist painter, photographer, sculptor, and fine arts educator. He is widely acknowledged to be one of the most important artists in American art history.", "Eakins was born and lived most of his life in Philadelphia. He was the first child of Caroline Cowperthwait Eakins, a woman of English and Dutch descent, and Benjamin Eakins, a writing master and calligraphy teacher of Scots-Irish ancestry. Benjamin Eakins grew up on a farm in Valley Forge, Pennsylvania, the son of a weaver. He was successful in his chosen profession, and moved to Philadelphia in the early 1840s to raise his family. Thomas Eakins observed his father at work and by twelve demonstrated skill in precise line drawing, perspective, and the use of a grid to lay out a careful design, skills he later applied to his art. ", "33. ^ Rosenheim, Jeff L., \"Thomas Eakins, Artist-Photographer, in the Metropolitan Museum of Art\", Thomas Eakins and the Metropolitan Museum, page 45. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1994.", "Since the 1990s, Eakins has emerged as a major figure in sexuality studies in art history, for both the homoeroticism of his male nudes and for the complexity of his attitudes toward women. Controversy shaped much of his career as a teacher and as an artist. He insisted on teaching men and women \"the same\", used nude male models in female classes and vice versa, and was accused of abusing female students.[80] Recent scholarship suggests that these scandals were grounded in more than the \"puritanical prudery\" of his contemporaries— as had once been assumed— and that Eakins's progressive academic principles may have protected unconscious and dubious agendas.[81] These controversies may have been caused by a combination of factors such as the bohemianism of Eakins and his circle (in which students, for example, sometimes modeled in the nude for each other), the intensity and authority of his teaching style, and Eakins's inclination toward unorthodox or provocative behavior.[82][83]", "Deeply affected by his dismissal from the Academy, Eakins's later career focused on portraiture, such as his 1905 Portrait of Professor William S. Forbes. His steadfast insistence on his own vision of realism, in addition to his notoriety from his school scandals, combined to hurt his income in later years. Even as he approached these portraits with the skill of a highly trained anatomist, what is most noteworthy is the intense psychological presence of his sitters. However, it was precisely for this reason that his portraits were often rejected by the sitters or their families.[61] As a result, Eakins came to rely on his friends and family members to model for portraits. His portrait of Walt Whitman (1887–1888) was the poet's favorite.[62]", "Painter Thomas Eakins resigns from Philadelphia Academy of Art after controversial over use of male nudes in a coed art class, 1886", "Owing to Eakins' devotion to working from life, the Academy's course of study was by the early 1880s the most \"liberal and advanced in the world\".[26] Eakins believed in teaching by example and letting the students find their own way with only terse guidance. His students included painters, cartoonists, and illustrators such as Henry Ossawa Tanner, Thomas Pollock Anshutz, Edward Willis Redfield, Colin Campbell Cooper, Alice Barber Stephens, Frederick Judd Waugh, T. S. Sullivant and A. B. Frost.", "For the length of his professional career, from the early 1870s until his health began to fail some 40 years later, Eakins worked exactingly from life, choosing as his subject the people of his hometown of Philadelphia. He painted several hundred portraits, usually of friends, family members, or prominent people in the arts, sciences, medicine, and clergy. Taken en masse, the portraits offer an overview of the intellectual life of Philadelphia in the late 19th and early 20th centuries; individually, they are incisive depictions of thinking persons.", "For Eakins, portraiture held little interest as a means of fashionable idealization or even simple verisimilitude--it provided the opportunity to reveal the character of an individual through the modeling of solid anatomical form. This meant that, notwithstanding his youthful optimism, he would never be a commercially successful portrait painter. Few commissions came his way. But his total output of some two hundred and fifty portraits is characterized by \"an uncompromising search for the unique human being\".", "The Gross Clinic of 1875 and The Agnew Clinic of 1889 are paintings by the American artist Thomas Eakins which treat a similar subject, operations on live patients in the presence of medical students.", "For the length of his professional career, from the early 1870s until his health began to fail some 40 years later, Eakins worked exactingly from life, choosing as his subject the people of his hometown of Philadelphia. He painted several hundred portraits, usually of friends, family members, or prominent people in the arts, sciences, medicine, and clergy. Taken en masse, the portraits offer an overview of the intellectual life of Philadelphia in the late 19th and early 20th centuries; individually, they are incisive depictions of thinking persons. As well, Eakins produced a number of large paintings which brought the portrait out of the drawing room and into the offices, streets, parks, rivers, arenas, and surgical amphitheaters of his city. These active outdoor venues allowed him to paint the subject which most inspired him: the nude or lightly clad figure in motion. In the process he could model the forms of the body in full sunlight, and create images of deep space utilizing his studies in perspective.", "After Eakins obtained a camera in 1880, several paintings, such as Mending the Net (1881) and Arcadia (1883), are known to have been derived at least in part from his photographs. Some figures appear to be detailed transcriptions and tracings from the photographs by some device like a magic lantern, which Eakins took pains to cover up with oil paint. Eakins' methods appear to be meticulously applied, and rather than shortcuts, were likely used in a quest for accuracy and realism. The so-called \"Naked Series\", which began in 1883, were nude photos of students and professional models which were taken to show real human anatomy from several specific angles, and were often hung up and displayed for study at the school. Later, less regimented poses were taken indoors and out, of men, women, and children, including his wife. The most provocative, and the only ones combining males and females, were nude photos of Eakins and a female model (see below). Although witnesses and chaparones were usually on site, and the poses were mostly traditional in nature, the sheer quantity of the photos and Eakins' overt display of them may have undermined his standing at the Academy. In all, about eight hundred photographs are now attributed to Eakins and his circle, most of which are figure studies, both clothed and nude, and portraits. No other American artist of his time matched Eakins' interest in photography, nor produced a comparable body of photographic works.", "Eakins was a controversial figure whose work received little by way of official recognition during his lifetime. Since his death, he has been celebrated by American art historians as \"the strongest, most profound realist in nineteenth- and early-twentieth-century American art\". ", "The Swimming Hole (1884-5) features Eakins' finest studies of the nude, in his most successfully constructed outdoor picture.[65] The figures are those of his friends and students, and include a self-portrait. Although there are photographs by Eakins which relate to the painting, the picture's powerful pyramidal composition and sculptural conception of the individual bodies are completely distinctive pictorial resolutions.[66] The work was painted on commission, but was refused.[67]", "Thomas Eakins, Portrait of Dr. Samuel D. Gross (The Gross Clinic), 1875, oil on canvas, 244 x 198.2 cm (Philadelphia Museum of Art)", "Thomas Eakins , in Vistas de España, Mary Elizabeth Boone, Yale University Press, 2007, p. 77", "The Swimming Hole (1884-5) features Eakins' finest studies of the nude, in his most successfully constructed outdoor picture. The figures are those of his friends and students, and include a self-portrait. Although there are photographs by Eakins which relate to the painting, the picture's powerful pyramidal composition and sculptural conception of the individual bodies are completely distinctive pictorial resolutions. The work was painted on commission, but was refused.", "Eakins then studied art in Europe from 1866 to 1870, notably in Paris with Jean-Léon Gérôme, being only the second American pupil of the French realist painter, famous as a master of Orientalism. He also attended the atelier of Léon Bonnat, a realist painter who emphasized anatomical preciseness, a method adapted by Eakins. While studying at the École des Beaux-Arts, he seems to have taken scant interest in the new Impressionist movement, nor was he impressed by what he perceived as the classical pretensions of the French Academy. A letter home to his father in 1868 made his aesthetic clear:", "The Swimming Hole (1884–5) features Eakins' finest studies of the nude, in his most successfully constructed outdoor picture. The figures are those of his friends and students, and include a self-portrait. Although there are photographs by Eakins which relate to the painting, the picture's powerful pyramidal composition and sculptural conception of the individual bodies are completely distinctive pictorial resolutions. The work was painted on commission, but was refused. ", "Eakins has been credited with having \"introduced the camera to the American art studio\". During his study abroad, he was exposed to the use of photography by the French realists, though the use of photography was still frowned upon as a shortcut by traditionalists. In the late 1870s he was introduced to the photographic motion studies of Eadweard Muybridge, particularly the equine studies, and became interested in using the camera to study sequential movement. He performed his own motion studies, usually involving the nude figure, and even developed his own technique for capturing movement on film. Where Muybridge's system relied on a series of cameras triggered to produce a sequence of individual photographs, Eakins preferred to use a single camera to produce a series of exposures on one negative. An excellent example is his painting A May Morning in the Park, which relied heavily on these motion studies to depict the true gait of the four horses pulling the coach of patron Fairman Rogers. But in typical fashion Eakins also employed wax figures and oil sketches to get the final effect he desired.", "Eakins has been credited with having \"introduced the camera to the American art studio\". During his study abroad, he was exposed to the use of photography by the French realists, though the use of photography was still frowned upon as a shortcut by traditionalists.", "Eakins was unable to sell many of his works during his lifetime, so when he died in 1916, a large body of artwork passed to his widow, Susan Macdowell Eakins. She carefully preserved it, donating some of the strongest pieces to various museums. When she in turn died in 1938, much of the remaining artistic estate was destroyed or damaged by executors, and the remainders were belatedly salvaged by a former Eakins student. For more details, see the article \"List of works by Thomas Eakins\".", "Eakins' first works upon his return from Europe included a large group of rowing scenes, eleven oils and watercolors in all, of which the first and most famous is Max Schmitt in a Single Scull (1871; also known as The Champion Single Sculling). Both his subject and his technique drew attention. His selection of a contemporary sport was \"a shock to the artistic conventionalities of the city\". Eakins placed himself in the painting, in a scull behind Schmitt, his name inscribed on the boat.", "17. ^ Marc Simpson, Thomas Eakins, Philadelphia Museum of Art, 2001, ISBN 0-87633-142-8 , p. 28", "Of Eakins' later portraits, many took as their subjects women who were friends or students. Unlike most portrayals of women at the time, they are devoid of glamor and idealization.[56] For Portrait of Letitia Wilson Jordan (1888), Eakins painted the sitter wearing the same evening dress in which he had seen her at a party. She is a substantial presence, a vision quite different from the era's fashionable portraiture. So, too, his Portrait of Maud Cook (1895), where the obvious beauty of the subject is noted with \"a stark objectivity\".[57]", "Edward Hopper (July 22, 1882 – May 15, 1967) was a prominent American realist painter and printmaker. While he was most popularly known for his oil paintings, he was equally proficient as a watercolorist and printmaker in etching. Both in his urban and rural scenes, his spare and finely calculated renderings reflected his personal vision of modern American life.", "She was 25 when Eakins met her at the Hazeltine Gallery where \"The Gross Clinic\" was being exhibited in 1875. Unlike many, she was impressed by the controversial painting and she decided to study with him at the Academy, which she attended for 6 years, adopting a sober, realistic style similar to her teacher's. She was an outstanding student and winner of the Mary Smith prize for the best painting by a matriculating woman artist.", "Combines dramatic re-creation with documentary photographs, interviews, and archival footage to tell the story of Eakins' life. 1986. 60 min. Video/C 1111", "John Singer Sargent (; January 12, 1856 – April 14, 1925) was an American artist, considered the \"leading portrait painter of his generation\" for his evocations of Edwardian era luxury. During his career, he created roughly 900 oil paintings and more than 2,000 watercolors, as well as countless sketches and charcoal drawings. His oeuvre documents worldwide travel, from Venice to the Tyrol, Corfu, the Middle East, Montana, Maine, and Florida.", "In 1958 Mark Rothko was commissioned to paint a series of paintings for the Four Seasons restaurant, in the Seagram Building in New York. Having devoted himself almost exclusively to the commission for eight months, he decided that the fashionable restaurant was an unsuitable place for the contemplation of his art, and the pictures were never installed. Working in his studio, Rothko matched the exact dimensions of the restaurant with a specially constructed scaffold. He painted three different versions of the series, refining his approach each time the works presented at Tate Liverpool are from the second and third. The Seagram Murals were a significant departure for Rothko. His atmospheric compositions of stacked, floating rectangles were abandoned for a more severe architectural scheme. As the series progressed, his colors shifted from bright and intense hues to a selection of maroon, dark red and black." ]	[ 8.8125, 5.8671875, 5.59375, 2.330078125, 2.220703125, 1.728515625, 1.185546875, 0.059814453125, -0.1180419921875, -0.6630859375, -0.7900390625, -0.84765625, -0.923828125, -0.9501953125, -1.8466796875, -2.03125, -2.07421875, -2.71484375, -2.80078125, -2.865234375, -2.923828125, -3.30859375, -3.353515625, -3.357421875, -3.37890625, -3.931640625, -4.81640625, -6.234375, -6.25, -6.35546875, -7.13671875, -9.765625 ]
Who is credited with the discovery of galaxies outside of our own?	[ "Edwin Hubble, who did most of his major work in the first half of the twentieth century, had perhaps the most momentous discovery of all of the astronomers on this list. Hubble is credited with discovering galaxies outside of our own Milky Way. Although the race to solve this mystery had contributions from many different scientists, it was Hubble’s observations through the Hooker telescope, around the year 1923, that proved to the scientific community that there was more to outer space than the Milky Way. In essence, with one finding, Hubble ballooned the Universe from a galaxy of about a hundred thousand light years across, with approximately one hundred billion stars, to an indefinite expanse of intergalactic space, billions of light years across, and with a seemingly infinite amount of stars.", "Edwin Hubble (1889–1953): American astronomer who played a crucial role in establishing the field of extragalactic astronomy and is generally regarded as the leading observational cosmologist of the 20th century. Hubble generally is known for Hubble's law. He is credited with the discovery of the existence of galaxies other than the Milky Way and his galactic red shift discovery that the loss in frequency—the redshift—observed in the spectra of light from other galaxies increased in proportion to a particular galaxy's distance from Earth. This relationship became known as Hubble's law. His findings fundamentally changed the scientific view of the universe. ", "Often called a \"pioneer of the distant stars,\" astronomer Edwin Hubble (1889–1953) played a pivotal role in deciphering the vast and complex nature of the universe. His meticulous studies of spiral nebulae proved the existence of galaxies other than our own Milky Way. Had he not died suddenly in 1953, Hubble would have won that year's Nobel Prize in Physics.", "In 1923, American astronomer Edwin Hubble (1889–1953) made an interesting discovery. He found that all stars outside our own galaxy exhibit redshifts of light. That is, all stars outside our galaxy must be moving away from Earth. Furthermore, the farther away the stars are, the more their redshift and, thus, the faster they are moving away from us.", "1925: Edwin Hubble discovers the first galaxy outside the Milky Way (Andromeda), 2 million years away from the Earth", "Edwin Hubble's arrival at Mount Wilson, California, in 1919 coincided roughly with the completion of the 100-inch (2.5 m) Hooker Telescope, then the world's largest telescope. At that time, the prevailing view of the cosmos was that the universe consisted entirely of the Milky Way Galaxy. Using the Hooker Telescope at Mt. Wilson, Hubble identified Cepheid variables (a kind of star; see also standard candle) in several spiral nebulae, including the Andromeda Nebula and Triangulum. His observations, made in 1922–1923, proved conclusively that these nebulae were much too distant to be part of the Milky Way and were, in fact, entire galaxies outside our own. This idea had been opposed by many in the astronomy establishment of the time, in particular by the Harvard University-based Harlow Shapley. Despite the opposition, Hubble, then a thirty-five year old scientist, had his findings first published in The New York Times on November 23, 1924, and then more formally presented in the form of a paper at the January 1, 1925 meeting of the American Astronomical Society. Hubble's findings fundamentally changed the scientific view of the universe.", "Galaxies are concentrations of millions or billions of stars, gravitationally bound together along with gas clouds and pockets of dust. There are probably over 100 billion of them in the Universe. Some of the largest nearby galaxies appear in the night sky as faint smudges of light, but it was only in the early 20th century that astronomer Edwin Hubble proved that they actually exist well beyond the Milky Way. Before then, they were thought to be spiral-shaped nebulae on the outskirts of our own Galaxy.", "\|Edwin Hubble (1889–1953): discovered of the existence of galaxies other than the Milky Way and galactic red shift, found that the loss in frequency—the redshift—observed in the spectra of light from other galaxies increased in proportion to a particular galaxy's distance from Earth: Hubble's law", "The dawn of the 20th century brought further insights into comprehending the vast universe. Albert Einstein proposed the unification of space and time in his General Theory of Relativity . In the early 1900s, scientists were debating whether the Milky Way contained the whole universe within its span, or whether it was simply one of many collections of stars . Edwin Hubble calculated the distance to a fuzzy nebulous object in the sky and determined that it lay outside of the Milky Way, proving our galaxy to be a small drop in the enormous universe. Using General Relativity to lay the framework, Hubble measured other galaxies and determined that they were rushing away from the us, leading him to conclude that the universe was not static but expanding.", "A few galaxies outside the Milky Way are visible in the night sky to the unaided eye. In the 10th century, the Persian astronomer Al-Sufi made the earliest recorded identification of the Andromeda Galaxy, describing it as a \"small cloud\". In 964, Al-Sufi identified the Large Magellanic Cloud in his Book of Fixed Stars; it was not seen by Europeans until Magellan's voyage in the 16th century. The Andromeda Galaxy was independently noted by Simon Marius in 1612.", "The study of clusters in external galaxies began in 1847, when Sir John Herschel at the Cape Observatory (in what is now South Africa) published lists of such objects in the nearest galaxies, the Magellanic Clouds. During the 20th century the identification of clusters was extended to more remote galaxies by the use of large reflectors and other more specialized instruments, including Schmidt telescopes.", "Actually, there was already observational evidence in support of an expanding universe. In 1912, American astronomer Vesto Slipher observed a spiral galaxy (considered a \"spiral nebula\" at the time, since astronomers didn't yet know that there were galaxies beyond the Milky Way) and recorded its redshift .", "In 1920 the Great Debate between Harlow Shapley and Heber Curtis took place, concerning the nature of the Milky Way, spiral nebulae, and the dimensions of the universe. To support his claim that Great Andromeda Nebula (M31) was an external galaxy, Curtis also noted the appearance of dark lanes resembling the dust clouds in our own Galaxy, as well as the significant Doppler shift.", "American astronomer Harlow Shapley (1885-1972) calculated the size of the Milky Way galaxy and general location of its center. He argued that the objects known as \"nebula\" lay within the galaxy, rather than outside of it, and in 1920 participated in the \"Great Debate\". He also incorrectly disagreed with Edwin Hubble's observations that the universe boasted galaxies other than the Milky Way.", "A major breakthrough in our understanding of the universe took place in the 1920's thanks to American astronomer Edwin Hubble. For centuries, astronomers believed that the Milky Way made up the entire universe. Hubble was among the first to show that the fuzzy patches in the sky seen through telescopes were other galaxies , not distant parts of the Milky Way. By looking at the spectra of these galaxies, he concluded they were speeding away from us - that the universe was expanding!", "Hubble, aided by Milton Humason extended the work of Slipher by using the larger Hooker telescope. He took long exposures of the spectra of faint galaxies. By measuring the amount of shift of specific spectral lines relative to those produced by reference arc lamps in the spectrograph he was able to calculate values for the galaxy velocities. A few nearby galaxies had velocities that meant they were moving towards our own Milky Way, that is their lines were blueshifted but most exhibited redshift and hence had recession velocities. The majority of galaxies therefore appeared to be moving away from our own galaxy. Hubble found that that those with a smaller image in a photograph had higher redshifts. This is shown in the diagram below that shows the images and spectra of some of the galaxies he observed.", "Hubble, Edwin Powell, 1889–1953, American astronomer, b. Marshfield, Mo. He did research (1914–17) at Yerkes Observatory, and joined (1919) the staff of Mt. Wilson Observatory, Pasadena, Calif., of which he became director. Building on V. M. Slipher 's discovery that galaxies had strong shifts to the red end of their spectra, Hubble used the stars known as Cepheid variables in nearby galaxies to demonstrate that they lie far beyond the Milky Way. Because of an incorrect understanding of the Cepheids, this distance was vastly increased years later. He also suggested that the clusters of galaxies are distributed almost uniformly in all directions, although more recent studies show that clusters are combined into huge superclusters of galaxies: at this new level, however, the distribution appears to be even. He was the first to offer observational evidence to support the theory of the expanding universe, presenting his findings in what is now known as Hubble's law . With Milton Humason, Hubble classified the different types of galaxies including irregular galaxies, three types of spirals and barred spirals, and elliptical galaxies. Included in his writings are A General Study of Diffuse Galactic Nebulas (1926), Extra-Galactic nebulas (1927), Spiral Nebula as a Stellar System (1929), The Realm of the Nebulas (1936), and The Observational Approach to Cosmology (1937).", "A number of notable astronomical discoveries were made prior to the application of the telescope. For example, the obliquity of the ecliptic was estimated as early as 1000 BC by Chinese astronomers. The Chaldeans discovered that lunar eclipses recurred in a repeating cycle known as a saros. In the 2nd century BC, the size and distance of the Moon were estimated by Hipparchus and later Arabic astronomers. The Andromeda Galaxy, the nearest galaxy to the Milky Way, was discovered in 964 by the Persian astronomer Azophi and first described in his Book of Fixed Stars. The SN 1006 supernova, the brightest apparent magnitude stellar event in recorded history, was observed by the Egyptian Arabic astronomer Ali ibn Ridwan and the Chinese astronomers in 1006.", "A number of notable astronomical discoveries were made prior to the application of the telescope. For example, the obliquity of the ecliptic was estimated as early as 1000 BC by Chinese astronomers . The Chaldeans discovered that lunar eclipses recurred in a repeating cycle known as a saros . In the 2nd century BC, the size and distance of the Moon were estimated by Hipparchus and later Arabic astronomers . The Andromeda Galaxy , the nearest galaxy to the Milky Way , was discovered in 964 by the Persian astronomer Azophi and first described in his Book of Fixed Stars . The SN 1006 supernova , the brightest apparent magnitude stellar event in recorded history, was observed by the Egyptian Arabic astronomer Ali ibn Ridwan and the Chinese astronomers in 1006.", "American discovered the size of our galaxy and the direction of its center by studying the distribution of globular clusters; determined the orbits of many eclipsing binary stars Edwin Hubble 1889-1953", "In 1917, American astronomer Heber Curtis observed a nova within M31. Searching the photographic record, 11 more novae were discovered. Curtis noticed that these novae were, on average, 10 magnitudes fainter than those that occurred elsewhere in the sky. As a result, he was able to come up with a distance estimate of 500000 ly. He became a proponent of the so-called \"island universes\" hypothesis, which held that spiral nebulae were actually independent galaxies.", "English translation: Galileo Galilei with Edward Stafford Carlos, trans., The Sidereal Messenger (London, England: Rivingtons, 1880), [https://archive.org/stream/siderealmessenge80gali#page/42/mode/2up/ pages 42 and 43.] In 1750 the English astronomer Thomas Wright, in his An original theory or new hypothesis of the Universe, speculated (correctly) that the galaxy might be a rotating body of a huge number of stars held together by gravitational forces, akin to the Solar System but on a much larger scale. The resulting disk of stars can be seen as a band on the sky from our perspective inside the disk.Thomas Wright, An Original Theory or New Hypothesis of the Universe … (London, England: H. Chapelle, 1750). [https://books.google.com/books?id80VZAAAAcAAJ&pg", "Beginning with observations in 1912, Vesto Slipher discovered that most spiral galaxies, then mostly thought to be spiral nebulae, had considerable redshifts. Slipher first reports on his measurement in the inaugural volume of the Lowell Observatory Bulletin. Three years later, he wrote a review in the journal Popular Astronomy. In it he states, \"[...] the early discovery that the great Andromeda spiral had the quite exceptional velocity of –300 km(/s) showed the means then available, capable of investigating not only the spectra of the spirals but their velocities as well.\" Slipher reported the velocities for 15 spiral nebulae spread across the entire celestial sphere, all but three having observable \"positive\" (that is recessional) velocities. Subsequently, Edwin Hubble discovered an approximate relationship between the redshifts of such \"nebulae\" and the distances to them with the formulation of his eponymous Hubble's law. These observations corroborated Alexander Friedmann's 1922 work, in which he derived the famous Friedmann-Lemaître equations. They are today considered strong evidence for an expanding universe and the Big Bang theory.This was recognized early on by physicists and astronomers working in cosmology in the 1930s. The earliest layman publication describing the details of this correspondence is (Reprint: ISBN 978-0-521-34976-5)", "During Herschel’s lifetime, astronomy was generally considered to be merely the study of the solar system and although much speculation abounded with regard to faint nebulous patches scattered throughout the sky, no one knew exactly what such things were. William’s work laid the foundation for accurately mapping the dimensions and positions of such objects and making the first determinations of their nature. This work would lead to the 20th century revelation that the universe was filled with galaxies, and that the universe was a dynamic, expanding construct much larger than any man of the 18th century could imagine.", "(b) Hubble, in actual fact, was a life-long doubter of velocity being the cause of cosmological redshifts. And, (surprise) his linear law of redshifts applied to a non expanding universe. Here is one of many examples from his writings: [In the following quote, for those of you new to the history of astronomy, \"nebulae\" as used here is to be translated as \"galaxy,\" explained at my web page on Hubble's views.]", "Herschel also observed three faint galaxies, two of which are interacting with each other. NGC 2508 is a lenticular galaxy of thirteenth-magnitude, estimated at 205 million light-years (63 million parsecs) distance with a diameter of 80 thousand light-years (25 thousand parsecs). Named as a single object by Herschel, NGC 2402 is actually a pair of near-adjacent galaxies that appear to be interacting with each other. Only of fourteenth- and fifteenth-magnitudes respectively, the elliptical and spiral galaxy are thought to be approximately 245 million light-years distant, and each measure 55,000 light-years in diameter. ", "In 1920 and astronomer named Harlow Shapley was studying RR Lyrae variable stars in the globular clusters that orbit our galaxy. He was able to use the RR variable stars to determine the distances to 93 globular clusters, and realized that they were much farther than had been thought, with some as far away as 100,000 light years. He also realized that almost all of the globular clusters he was observing were in the direction of Sagittarius. He came to the conclusion that the globular clusters were orbiting the center of our galaxy, which was not where the Earth and Sun are, but rather in the direction of Sagittarius. He estimated the distance to the center of our galaxy, but because interstellar extinction was not well understood at the time, he was off by a factor of 2. We now know the distance to the center of the Galaxy to be about 26,000 light-years + or - 3000 light years.", "Unfortunately for Kapteyn, the obscuring effects of interstellar dust had not yet been fully recognized. The deep photographs by Edward E. Barnard in the 1890’s gave the first telling indications of dark filamentary patches in the Milky Way, whose dusty nature he correctly interpreted. These morphological clues were followed in the 1920’s by Robert J. Trumpler’s study of open star clusters. Trumpler found that the relationship between a cluster’s apparent brightness and its angular size was not as predicted from the cluster’s inferred distance. That is because the intervening dust had introduced a serious error in the determination of distance.", "Further support for this point of view was presented in a paper by Thomas Andrews. He looked at distance estimates derived from the relative brightness of two different classes of objects: supernovae and the brightest galaxies in clusters of galaxies. He showed that the estimates from the supernovae contradicted those from the galaxies if the universe was assumed to be expanding. But when distances were computed assuming that the universe is not expanding the discrepancy between the two sets of distance estimates disappeared.", "Who was the first astronomer to get a reasonable idea of the size and shape of the galaxy?", "Who discovered that when viewed through a telescope, the Milky Way is resolved into thousands of individual stars?", "He is an astronomer who made several discoveries concerning the “Cigar Galaxy” and wrote the article “A Scientist Reflects on Religious Belief”" ]	[ 7.8359375, 6.41796875, 5.33984375, 4.3984375, 3.751953125, 3.458984375, 3.408203125, 2.93359375, 2.4609375, 1.48046875, 1.38671875, 1.1171875, 1.0595703125, 0.771484375, 0.43408203125, -0.1729736328125, -0.74365234375, -1.259765625, -1.3291015625, -1.47265625, -1.8818359375, -2.060546875, -2.107421875, -2.3984375, -2.943359375, -3.455078125, -3.900390625, -5.25, -5.50390625, -5.51953125, -6.64453125, -7.109375 ]
Who was the defending champion when Andre Agassi first won Wimbledon singles?	[ "Their next meeting in a Grand Slam was at the 1992 French Open, where they met in the quarterfinals. Although Sampras was higher ranked, Agassi prevailed in straight sets. Their next Grand Slam meeting was at the quarterfinals of Wimbledon in 1993, where Agassi was the defending champion and Sampras was the newly minted world number 1. Sampras prevailed in five sets, and went on to win his first Wimbledon championship.", "Andre Agassi holds up his championship trophy after defeating Goran Ivanisevic to win the men's singles final at Wimbledon, Sunday July 5, 1992. Agassi won the French Open in Paris Sunday, June 6, 1999, defeating Andrei Medvedev 1-6, 2-6, 6-4, 6-3, 6-4. Agassi became only the fifth man, and first American in 61 years, to win all four majors _ Wimbledon in 1992, the U.S. Open in 1994, the Australian in 1995, and now the French. As proof of his versatility, he is the first to do it on three different surfaces. (AP Photo/ Richard Drew)", "By prevailing here on the same lawns he once shunned, Agassi became the first American to win the world's most prestigious tennis title since John McEnroe captured his third Wimbledon championship in 1984. And Agassi became the first 12th-seeded player in the tournament's history to take the title.", "20. Andre Agassi: In his early tennis-punk years, Agassi skipped three Wimbledons, arguing that grass wasn't for him and also expressing some annoyance that the All England Club officials wouldn't allow him to wear his multi-coloured clothing. But the showman from Nevada returned to Wimbledon in 1991, and with much speculation about whether he would stick to the Wimbledon white ruling, he teased the officials. Standing on court before his first match, he peeled off the tracksuit to reveal a white shirt, white shorts, white socks and white shoes. The white knight reached the quarter-finals, and the following year went all the way, beating Goran Ivanisevic in the final to win his first grand slam title. At the moment of victory, he flung himself back on to the grass - the surface he had once professed to loathe. And so began the metamorphosis of Agassi.", "The reason for the invitation is the 20th anniversary of Agassi’s first Grand Slam win in 1992, which took place here when he beat Goran Ivanisevic. The same year, Graf, Agassi’s wife, won one of her seven Wimbledon titles.", "Twenty years on from his epic victory over Goran Ivanisevic, Andre Agassi recalls the five sets that made him Wimbledon champion.", "Agassi managed to reach three Grand Slam finals between 1990 and 1991 but lost each time (including a defeat at the hands of his rival Pete Sampras at the 1990 U.S. Open), leaving some to question whether he had the tenacity to win a big match. In 1992 he quieted his doubters when he triumphed over Goran Ivanisevic of Croatia at Wimbledon (he had ended his boycott of the tournament the previous year) to take his first Grand Slam title. In 1994, after being dropped by Bolletieri—who questioned Agassi’s dedication to the sport—and falling out of the top 30 in the rankings, he returned with a new coach, Brad Gilbert, and a new, more focused, game. He entered the 1994 U.S. Open unseeded; when he won there, it was the first time that an unseeded player had taken the tournament since 1966. Agassi, sporting a shaved head, claimed his third Grand Slam title in 1995 by beating Sampras in the Australian Open final in Agassi’s first participation in that event.", "Surprisingly, the next year, at Wimbledon of all places, Agassi captured his first Grand Slam title, defeating Boris Becker, John McEnroe and Goran Ivanisevic along the way. Seeded 12th in the tournament, he is the fourth-lowest-seeded man to ever win at Wimbledon.", "Born in 1970, Andre Agassi won several USTA junior national titles before turning professional at the age of 16. In 1992, Agassi won his first Grand Slam title at Wimbledon. More victories soon followed with a U.S. Open win in 1994 and the Australian Open in 1995. After a career slump, Agassi returned to top form in 1999 with wins at the U.S. Open and French Open. He retired from competition in 2006.", "2000 was the second year that Andre won the Australian Open tile beating Yevgeny Kafelnikov in a four-set final. Agassi reached the semifinals of Wimbledon losing to Patrick Rafter in five sets in match a considered by some to be one of the best ever played at Wimbledon.", "After his Wimbledon win, Agassi had several more Grand Slam victories in the early 1990s. He took the top spot at the U.S. Open in 1994. He was victorious at the Australian Open in 1995, which helped him climb to the top of rankings that year. Clearly at the top of his game, Agassi won a gold medal at the 1996 Summer Olympics held in Atlanta, Georgia. Off the court, charismatic Agassi's personal life became a popular topic in the tabloids. He was romantically linked to singer Barbra Streisand before marrying actress Brooke Shields in 1997.", "Agassi is also the last American male to win the French Open, with the victory coming in 1999. And in 2000, Pete Sampras was the last to win Wimbledon.", "In 1992, Ivanišević steamrolled his way to reach his first Wimbledon singles final, having defeated Ivan Lendl, Stefan Edberg, and Pete Sampras in succession. Ivanišević's 6–7, 7–6, 6–4, 6–2 semifinal victory over Sampras was particularly impressive, with Ivanišević serving 36 aces and not even facing a break point in the entire match. In the final, Ivanišević faced Andre Agassi and was heavily favored to win; with both players attempting to win their first Grand Slam title. Agassi eventually won 6–7, 6–4, 6–4, 1–6, 6–4. In the fifth set, Ivanišević had a break point on Agassi's serve at 3–3, but failed to convert it. In the final game of the match, Ivanišević served 2 double faults to start the game, even though he had only served 5 double faults in the entire match before that. Ivanišević's ace count for the tournament (206) was the highest in Wimbledon history at the time, until Ivanišević beat his own record in 2001 with 213 aces. Ivanišević served 37 aces in the 1992 Wimbledon final against Agassi, while Agassi had 37 aces in the entire tournament. It was a tough loss, but as Ivanišević was only 20 years old, a bright future was predicted.", "One of the high points in the Andre Agassi biography is when Agassi entered the history books in 1999 when he won the French Open beating Andrei Medvedev in a five set final to become only the third player in the Open Era (others being Rod Laver and Roger Federer) to win all four Grand Slam Tournaments during his career. He won the US Open beating Todd Martin in a five set final. Agassi finished 1999 as the World Number 1 ranked player. This was the only time that he finished the year as the World Number 1 player.", "Who did Pete Sampras beat in the final to take his sixth Wimbledon singles title?*Andre Agassi", "In 1991, Agassi reached his second consecutive French Open final, where he faced fellow Bollettieri Academy alumnus Jim Courier. Courier emerged the victor in a five-set final. Agassi decided to play at Wimbledon in 1991, leading to weeks of speculation in the media about the clothes he would wear. He eventually emerged for the first round in a completely white outfit. He reached the quarterfinals on that occasion, losing in five sets to David Wheaton.", "Andre Agassi would win eight Grand Slam titles, but when he began the 1992 Wimbledon tournament, he had not won any. With a No. 14 ranking at the time and the knowledge that grass was Agassi's worst surface, few figured the 1992 event at the All England club would produce his first major title.", "In 1990, Pete Sampras would recapture the US Open for America when he defeated fellow American Andre Agassi. The two would go on to become the two most well-known and iconic tennis players of the 1990s, although Sampras was able to outduel Agassi in all three of the US Open championship duels. Agassi would go on to win two US Opens of his own, but his success pales in comparison to Sampras’ Open-era record five US Open titles, a record which he shares with Jimmy Connors and Roger Federer.", "Andre Kirk Agassi (; born April 29, 1970) is an American retired professional tennis player and former World No. 1, who was one of the game's most dominant players from the early 1990s to the mid-2000s. Generally considered by critics and fellow players to be one of the greatest tennis players of all time, Agassi had been called the greatest service returner in the history of the game. Described by the BBC upon his retirement as \"perhaps the biggest worldwide star in the sport's history\", Agassi compiled performances that, along with his unorthodox apparel and attitude, saw him cited as one of the most charismatic players in the history of the game. As a result, he is credited for helping to revive the popularity of tennis during the 1990s. ", "Andre Kirk Agassi (born April 29, 1970) is an American retired professional tennis player and former World No. 1, who was one of the game's most dominant players from the early 1990s to the mid-2000s. Generally considered by critics and fellow players to be one of the greatest tennis players of all time, Agassi had been called the greatest service returner in the history of the game. Described by the BBC upon his retirement as \"perhaps the biggest worldwide star in the sport's history\", Agassi compiled performances that, along with his unorthodox apparel and attitude, saw him cited as one of the most charismatic players in the history of the game. As a result, he is credited for helping to revive the popularity of tennis during the 1990s.", "Agassi reached the world no. 1 ranking for the first time in April 1995. He held that ranking until November, for a total of 30 weeks. Agassi skipped most of the fall indoor season which allowed Sampras surpass him and finish ranked no. 1 at the year-ending ranking. In terms of win/loss record, 1995 was Agassi's best year. He won 73 matches while losing 9 and was also once again a key player on the United States' Davis Cup winning team—the third and final Davis Cup title of Agassi's career.", "The nineteen courts used for Wimbledon are all composed purely of rye grass. The speed and the low bounce of grass courts favours serve and volley players. Serve and volleyers such as Rod Laver, John McEnroe, Boris Becker, Stefan Edberg, and Pete Sampras have all won the Championships. However, baseliners such as Bjï¿½rn Borg have also performed very well, as have all-court players like Roger Federer. Among women, the serve and volley strategy is less common; one of the few female serve and volleyers, Martina Navrï¿½tilovï¿½, won Wimbledon on a record nine occasions.", "Among the most successful players on grass in the Open Era have been Pete Sampras, Steffi Graf, Martina Navratilova, Björn Borg, Roger Federer, Venus Williams, Serena Williams and Billie Jean King. All have won at least five Wimbledon singles championships; Navratilova won nine, while Sampras, Graf, Serena Williams and Federer each won seven. Other players who have been relatively successful at Wimbledon are Boris Becker, John McEnroe, Stefan Edberg and Chris Evert.", "Andre Agassi, in full Andre Kirk Agassi (born April 29, 1970, Las Vegas , Nevada , U.S.), American professional tennis player who won eight Grand Slam titles, as well as the “career Grand Slam” for winning each of the four major tennis tournaments— Wimbledon , the Australian Open , the French Open , and the U.S. Open —at least once.", "By winning the 1999 French Open, Agassi completed a men's singles Career Grand Slam. He is the 5th of 8 male players in history (after Budge, Perry, Laver, Emerson and before Roger Federer, Rafael Nadal and Novak Djokovic) to achieve this.", "Andre Agassi looks in disbelief after completing the Career Grand Slam at Roland Garros in 1999, coming back from two sets down to beat Ukraine's Andrei Medvedev. Agassi is the last American man to win the French Open men's singles", "Won the U.S. Open for a third time, defeating Andre Agassi in the final 6-4, 6-3, 4-6, 7-5. He served 142 aces en route to the title - including 24 in the final against Agassi. Became only the fourth player in history to win three U.S. Open titles and three Wimbledon titles.", "Agassi was the first male player to win all four Grand Slam tournaments on three different surfaces (hard, clay and grass), and the last American male to win the French Open, in 1999 and the Australian Open (2003). He also won 17 ATP Masters Series titles and was part of a winning Davis Cup team in 1990, 1992 and 1995. Agassi reached the World No. 1 ranking for the first time in 1995 but was troubled by personal issues during the mid-to-late 1990s and sank to World No. 141 in 1997, prompting many to believe that his career was over. Agassi returned to World No. 1 in 1999 and enjoyed the most successful run of his career over the next four years. During his 20-plus year tour career, Agassi was known by the nickname \"The Punisher\". ", "American tennis player Andre Agassi arrives at a mens fragrance launch in London, Monday, June 16, 2003. Agassi is in London to compete at the Wimbledon Championship, where he is the number 2 seed. (AP Photo/Alastair Grant)", "Andre Agassi is one of four male tennis players in the Open Era to have won all four Grand Slam tournaments (and one of three on this list). He is considered one of the greatest tennis players in history and has won eight Grand Slam tournaments. He is perhaps the best returner of serve to have played. Most observers felt Agassi would win the French Open before he won any other Grand Slam event. Surprisingly, Agassi struggled to win the French Open and won it in 1999 after he had won titles at every other Grand Slam. Agassi had previously lost in the Finals at Roland Garros in both 1990 and 1991. Agassi has won a total of 51 matches at the French Open, which ranks fifth all time.", "Agassi returns to Wimbledon on 20th anniversary of first Grand Slam win - Las Vegas Sun News", "In the Andre Agassi Biography we note that as a young player Agassi embraced a rebel image. He grew his hair to his waist, wore an earring and colorful shirts. He chose not to play the Australian Open for the first eight years of his career although this Grand Slam eventually became his best Grand Slam event. Agassi also did not play Wimbledon from 1988 to 1990 stating that he did not wish to participate because of the ‘predominantly white’ dress that players had to wear." ]	[ 2.8515625, 2.1953125, 1.7841796875, 0.63671875, 0.1343994140625, -0.1351318359375, -0.344482421875, -0.35107421875, -0.491943359375, -0.59423828125, -0.6240234375, -0.62451171875, -0.64892578125, -0.98779296875, -1.037109375, -1.271484375, -1.7177734375, -1.7392578125, -1.845703125, -1.9404296875, -1.9541015625, -2.244140625, -2.32421875, -2.34765625, -2.416015625, -3.21484375, -3.81640625, -3.83203125, -3.912109375, -4.0078125, -4.2109375, -4.34765625 ]
Boukhalef International airport is in which country?	[ "Tangier Ibn Battouta Airport (French: AÃ©roport Tanger Ibn Battouta, (IATA: TNG, ICAO: GMTT) is an airport serving Tangier (Tanger in French), the capital city of the Tangier-TÃ©touan region in Morocco. The airport is named for Ibn Battouta (1304â1368), a Moroccan scholar and traveler who was born in Tangier. The airport was also known as Tangier-Boukhalef Airport.", "Algeria ( '; ; ), officially the People's Democratic Republic of Algeria, is a sovereign state in North Africa on the Mediterranean coast. Its capital and most populous city is Algiers, located in the country's far north. With an area of 2381741 km2, Algeria is the tenth-largest country in the world, and the largest in Africa. Algeria is bordered to the northeast by Tunisia, to the east by Libya, to the west by Morocco, to the southwest by the Western Saharan territory, Mauritania, and Mali, to the southeast by Niger, and to the north by the Mediterranean Sea. The country is a semi-presidential republic consisting of 48 provinces and 1,541 communes (counties). Abdelaziz Bouteflika has been President since 1999.", "The airport has three terminals, the latest of which was opened in 2009. Egypt-Air and all Star Alliance members now operate all flights to and from the new Terminal 3. Most other airlines arrive at Terminal 1. Terminal 2 is closed since 2010 for renovation works. A free shuttle bus runs between the two terminals and the bus station every 30 minutes, 24 hours a day. Taxi drivers trying to lure you at the airport will try to tell you otherwise regarding the shuttle bus, but if you go outside the terminal, you will find the free shuttle bus. At Terminal 3 it is located at the arrival level at the end of the bus lane (turn right after the exit). At Terminal 1 the Shuttle Bus stops are at Hall 3 in front of the AirMall and at Hall 1 at the curb side. Unfortunately the bus stops are not marked. Sometimes you have to change busses at the bus station due to the driver's coffee break.", "^ \"QAIA Receives Airport Carbon Accreditation\" (Press release). Amman, Jordan: Zawya. 27 June 2013. Retrieved 4 February 2014.", "*2014 – A military transport plane crashes in a mountainous area of Oum El Bouaghi Province in eastern Algeria, killing 77 people.", "In 2012, Aéroports de Paris, through its wholly-owned subsidiary Aéroports de Paris Management, acquired 38% of TAV Airports Holding (TAV Havalimanlari Holding), the leading airport operator in Turkey that operates the Istanbul Atatürk International Airport as well as airports in Georgia, Tunisia, Macedonia, Latvia and Saudi Arabia (from H1 2012). Aéroports de Paris Management will also acquire 49% of TAV Yatırım Holding, owner of TAV Construction.", "Houari Boumediene Airport (ALG), located in the capital city of Algiers is the main international airport of Algeria. Mohamed Boudiaf International Airport in Constantine is another important airport of the country.", "Important cities located in the Sahara include Nouakchott, the capital of Mauritania; Tamanrasset, Ouargla, Béchar, Hassi Messaoud, Ghardaïa, and El Oued in Algeria; Timbuktu in Mali; Agadez in Niger; Ghat in Libya; and Faya-Largeau in Chad.", "2005: A Sosoliso Airline plane carrying 110 passengers and crew missed the runway on landing, crashed, and burst into flames in the oil city of Port Harcourt, Nigeria. 103 people were killed, including 75 secondary school students.", "Airport International Group (AIG) is a Jordanian company formed to rehabilitate, expand and operate Queen Alia International Airport under a 25-year Build-Operate-Transfer (BOT) concession agreement. The concession was awarded to AIG in 2007 by the Government of Jordan after an open international tender that was overseen by the International Finance Corporation (World Bank) within its capacity as advisor to the Government. AIG's shareholders include Jordanian, Persian Gulf, and European partners. Shareholders include Invest AD, Noor Financial Investments Co., Edgo Group, J&P (Overseas) Ltd., and Aeroports de Paris Management.", "Kotoka International Airport is well connected to multiple neighboring countries in Western Africa and North Africa thanks to several African carriers. Aero Contractors connects Ghana’s capital city of Accra with Nigeria’s capital city of Lagos. Air Burkina offers direct flights to largest city in the nation of Burkina Faso. Air Mali operates service to Mali’s capital while Air Namibia offers trips to the capital of Namibia.", "B734, vicinity Lyon France, 2010 (On 7 September 2010, a Turkish operated Boeing 737-400 flew a non precision approach at Lyon Saint-Exupéry in IMC significantly below the procedure vertical profile throughout and only made a go around when instructed to do so by ATC following an MSAW activation. The minimum recorded radio height was 250 feet at 1.4nm from the runway threshold.)", "The Bamako-Sénou International Airport is 15 km from the city and opened to passengers in 1974. Passenger traffic steadily increased in the early 2000s. Government figures revealed 403,380 passengers in 1999, 423,506 in 2003, 486,526 in 2004, and 516,000 in 2005, and is predicted to reach over 900,000 by 2015 under a low (4%) yearly growth rate scenario.[http://www.mcamali.org/IMG/pdf/composante_aeroport.pdf Composante aéroport Bamako-Sénou], Proposition MCA-Mali (2006) To date this growth rate has been surpassed. Total air traffic the airport increased by 12.4% in 2007 and 14% in 2008. Most of this increase came in passenger transport, with the number of passengers served increasing by 20% in 2007 and 17% in 2008. Twenty-seven airline carriers operated weekly or better at Bamako-Sénou International Airport in the 2007–2008 period. This continued growth was offset by cargo flights' decline of 16.75% in 2007, and 3.93% in 2008.[http://www.africanmanager.com/site_eng/detail_article.php?art_id12622 \"Air traffic at Bamako airport increases by 14% in 2008\"] . PANA press. 2009-01-14 The highest frequency route is on the Bamako-Dakar sector with 29 weekly non-stop connections. Domestic flights also serve Mali's regional capitals Kayes, Mopti, Timbuktu, Sikasso, Gao, and Kidal. Bamako Senou International Airport is managed by Aéroports du Mali (ADM). Its operations are overseen by the Malian Ministry of Equipment and Transports.", "Awarded Best Airport in Europe by ACI/IATA in 2005, Brussels Airport is an international airport located near Brussels, Belgium, which serves as a hub for Brussels Airlines, European Air Transport, Jet Airways, Singapore Airlines Cargo, Eva Air Cargo and Saudi Arabian Airlines Cargo and a private company called Abelag Aviation.", "Oran Es Senia Airport is an international airport serving Oran City near Es Senia in the North African nation of the Democratic Peoples Republic of Algeria . Oran is the second largest major city in the country spread along the north-western Mediterranean coast of Algeria. Located at a distance of 8.7 kilometers to the south of the city centre, this public airport was first used by the French Air Force as a military airfield in the 1940s during World War II. Situated at an elevation of 295 feet above mean sea level, the Oran Es Senia Airport is owned and operated by EGSA Alger, which is an airport management services establishment of the government of Algeria operating a total number of 18 airports within this country.", "Queen Alia International Airport (; transliterated: Matar Al-Malikah Alia Ad-Dowali) is Jordan's main and largest airport and is located in Zizya 30 km south of the capital city, Amman. Named after Queen Alia, third wife to the late King Hussein of Jordan, the airport is home to the country's national flag carrier, Royal Jordanian Airlines and serves as a major hub for Jordan Aviation, Royal Falcon and Royal Wings.", "Douala International Airport is an international airport near Doula City in the West African country of Cameroon to the south of Nigeria . Doula City is the capital of Cameroon’s Littoral Province and is also the largest city of this country. Located at a distance of 10 kilometers from Douala city Centre , this international airport is the busiest airport in Cameroon. Situated at an elevation of 33 feet above mean sea level, this airport is a military cum public aviation facility owned and operated by the Aeroports du Cameroun (ADC), which is a government agency in charge of management, development and running a total of 7 airports located within Cameroon. Along with a 9,359 feet asphalt surfaced runway, the Douala International Airport is having a single passenger terminal as well as a Heliport, catering to the requirements of a variety of aircrafts.", "Queen Alia international airport is situated in the Zizya area, 20 miles south of Amman, the capital city of Jordan. Spread over an area of 22 million square metres, the airport was inaugurated on 25 May 1983. It is owned and operated by Jordan's Civil Aviation Regulatory Commission (CARC).", "Marseille Provence Airport or Aéroport de Marseille Provence is an airport located 27 km (17 miles) northwest of Marseille, on the territory of Marignane, both communes of the Bouches-du-Rhône département in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur région of France. The airport's hinterland goes from Gap to Arles and from Toulon to Avignon.", "Nouakchott is the hub of the Mauritanian economy and is home to a port that handles 500,000 tonnes of cargo per year and one of the country's two international airports (the other is Nouadhibou, the country's second largest city and a major port, in the north. A significant part of the population had lead a nomadic lifestyle, but massive droughts in the 1970s and following years brought about significant urbanization, with many former nomads setting up tents and relocating within the city. The city hosts the University of Nouakchott and several markets.", "King Hussein International Airport connects Aqaba to Amman, Sharm el-Sheikh, Dubai and Alexandria and several destinations in Europe. It is the headquarters of the Jordan Aviation Airlines.", "The most convenient airport is Monastir which is to the south on the coast, 20 minutes away and frequently used by holiday charter flights. From this airport it is very easy to get to the town as there are frequent (every 20-30 minutes) trains (locally called \"metro\"), costing around 1DT one way. The train station is located 200 meters from the airport, just across the parking area. At the moment the newer airport called Enfida (located around 50km by road from Sousse) is much more popular than the one in Monastir. Unfortunately transportation is less convenient. You must wait for a local bus (roughly one every 90 minutes) or take a taxi to Enfida town where you can catch a louage. If you have a flight to Tunis, take the train or a louage. Both of them are in the center of town and cost about 9DT one way.", "King Hussein International Airport connects Aqaba to Amman, Sharm el-Sheikh, Dubai and Alexandria and several destinations in Europe. It is the headquarters of the Jordan Aviation Airlines .", "Cadjehoun Airport located at Cotonou, has direct international jet service to Accra, Niamey, Monrovia, Lagos, Ouagadougou, Lomé, and Douala, as well as other cities in Africa. Direct services also link Cotonou to Paris, Brussels and Istanbul.", "Planes from Emirates Airline (left) and Iraqi Airlines on the tarmac at Rafik Hariri International airport in Beirut, on November 21, 2015. (Photo: ANWAR AMRO/AFP/Getty Images)", "The airport is located about 15 km from the city. One option, if you don't have too much luggage, is to take a 'local bus' (line 16) costs 4 Dirham, or you can choose a 'taxi' (cost 120-150 dirham into town, price is for the whole car). Bus 16 leaves from the stop near the train station every hour (at a quarter to the hour). It takes 40 minutes to get to the airport. Facing the train station the bus stop is on the left of the entrance near a parking lot for taxis.", "The buses run the route Airport-Dora on the transport OpenStreetMap of Beirut which is the same as line A on the Zawarib bus map (some lines outdated! more details under the bus section on this page). On their way the buses pass the local hubs Jisr al-Matâr (Airport Bridge, but several kilometers from the airport though!), Barbeer, Bechâra El-Khoury, and Sâhat esh-Shuhadâ (Martyrs' Square) and then follow the coastal city highway to Dora. From the places mentioned you can catch buses going to Ramlet El-Baida, Rawche, and Manara (number 15 from Barbeer, stop around 8pm), Hamra (number 4 from anywhere between Barbeer and Sâhat ash-Shuhadâ, usually minibuses unlike other city lines, don't stop before midnight) and Achrafieh (numbers 2 and 5 from Bechâra El-Khoury, stop around 7pm) for example. After Sâhat esh-Shuhadâ on the edges of Downtown the airport buses go past Gemmayze and later Ge'itâwi, where most of the few Beirut budget hostels are located. Tell the driver where you want to get off as you enter and they will tell you once you're there.", "Boubon, 25km northwest on the route towards Tillaberi & Gao, is a city known for its pottery. Soil it taken from the banks of the river and formed into many different household potteries, set out to dry, and baked in large open pits. Wednesday is market day here, and the easiest day to find public transport from Niamey. Other days, it might be necessary to take a bush taxi to nearby Relais and then take a pirougue to Boubon.", "The cargo terminal at the airport was upgraded in 2007 and is among the most advanced in the region. The facility has the standard secured and bonded storage facilities along with specialized handling facilities for livestock, radioactive materials, and airfreight requiring cold storage. The airport handles about 400,000 tons of airfreight each year.", "Roissy-Charles de Gaulle Airport (CDG) - northeast of the city. TGV station is in Terminal 2.", "The city is served by the Lungi International Airport, located in the city of Lungi, across the river estuary from Freetown.", "Situee a 3 km au nord de la cote et 8 km du port de Beni Saf et relevant administrativement de la commune de Oulhaca, cette ile constitue un site de repos et de nidification de quelques especes de l'avifaune migratrice entre l'Eurasie et l'Afrique." ]	[ 2.421875, -1.3564453125, -1.8935546875, -3.361328125, -3.572265625, -3.62890625, -3.654296875, -4.02734375, -4.22265625, -4.25, -4.26953125, -4.2890625, -4.8046875, -4.84375, -4.95703125, -5.12109375, -5.140625, -5.25390625, -5.3515625, -5.47265625, -5.6640625, -5.71875, -5.7265625, -6.90625, -7.02734375, -7.21484375, -8.078125, -9.5078125, -9.8984375, -10.7421875, -10.7734375, -10.921875 ]
What was the 70s No 1 hit for Hamilton, Joe Frank, & Reynolds?	[ "Hamilton, Joe Frank and Reynolds: A soft-rock trio from the early- to mid-1970s, who hit No. 4 on the Hot 100 in July 1971 with \"Don't Pull Your Love.\" After several years of failing to hit the top 40, they released the single \"Fallin' in Love\" in June 1975 (Ironically, Reynolds had left by that time), and two months later had their only No. 1 hit. While they had another top 25 hit after that, only those first two songs are remembered today.", "Hamilton, Joe Frank and Reynolds hold a special place in the annals of rock and not just for their oldies station perennial \"Don't Pull Your Love (Out).\" Imagine if Graham Nash left Crosby, Stills and Nash yet the band didn't bother to change their name. That's exactly what happened here. Dan Hamilton, Joe Frank Carollo, and Tommy Reynolds played together in a variety of Los Angeles groups, scoring a hit as part of the T-Bones, a studio group whose \"No Matter What Shape Your Stomach's In\" was based on a popular Alka Seltzer jingle. Inspired by the summery AM radio pop of Three Dog Night, the trio formed the extremely similar Hamilton, Joe Frank and Reynolds in 1970, signed with Dunhill Records and immediately scored a Top Five hit with \"Don't Pull Your Love (Out).\" None of the follow-up singles had any success, and Tommy Reynolds left the group in 1973. In an act of cynicism unparalleled in rock & roll, either Hamilton and Carollo or (more likely) Dunhill drafted singer Joe Carrero to take Reynolds' place, yet didn't change the name of the band! The assumption must have been that it was foolish to risk what little name recognition the floundering group already had. It worked, because the refurbished trio hit number one with 1975's \"Fallin' In Love\" before disappearing for good. Dan Hamilton died of a stroke in December 1994. ~ Stewart Mason", "Hamilton, Joe Frank & Reynolds were a 1970s soft rock trio from Los Angeles. The original members were Dan Hamilton, Joe Frank Carollo, and Tommy Reynolds, all of whom had previously played in The T-Bones, a 1960s band noted for the instrumental hit \"No Matter What Shape\".", "The versatile songwriting-producing team of Dennis Lambert and Brian Potter first found success in 1969 with their antiwar hit for Coven, “One Tin Soldier,” which graced the soundtrack of The Legend Of Billy Jack. They stayed on the charts throughout the ‘70s, frequently scoring with pop and country hits like Hamilton, Joe Frank & Reynolds’ “Don’t Pull Your Love,” the Grass Roots’ “Two Divided By Love” and Glen Campbell’s “Country Boy (You Got Your Feet In L.A.).” Their work with the Four Tops yielded the legendary vocal group’s first post-Motown hits “Keeper Of The Castle,” “Ain’t No Woman (Like The One I’ve Got)” and “Are You Man Enough.”", "In October 1971, the duo released their last Atlantic single “Don’t Pull Your Love”, a cover of the recent hit by Hamilton, Joe Frank & Reynolds. This Shapiro/Crawford production was a minor hit (R&B #36/Pop #102), but not a substantial enough commercial success to keep the duo signed to the label. Sam & Dave made their final Atlantic recordings in August 1972, four songs which were never released by the label. Sam & Dave’s contract with Atlantic expired shortly thereafter.", "In 1956, Mr. Hamilton was a teenager playing in rock �n� roll bands in North Carolina when he had his first hit, a love song called �A Rose and a Baby Ruth,� written by John D. Loudermilk. It sold more than a million copies and reached No. 6 on the pop charts.", "Under his guidance they became of the most prolific hit makers of the 1970s - their singles included \"Coz I Luv You\" (1971) and \"We've Got to Get Out of this Place\" (1972) - though they failed to gain American success. In 1979 he withdrew from management and formed his own record label Barn Productions. At the same time he separated from his first wife, and left London to retire to Newcastle, where he married his second wife, Madeleine Stringer, a former Newcastle beauty queen.", "The music of the 70s also had a salacious side with \"The Streak\" (Ray Stevens), \"Afternoon Delight\" (Starland Vocal Band), \"Lady Marmalade\" (LaBelle), \"Lovin' You (Minnie Riperton), and \"My Ding-A-Ling\" (Chuck Berry). The decade ended with a bang with the Knack's energetic power pop ballad, \"My Sharona\" (1979). Other number one songs from 1979 that also helped to usher in the 1980s were \"Pop Muzik\" by M and ï¿½Heart Of Glassï¿½ by Blondie.", "Joe truly deserves more credit for putting together two excellent bands and for having produced four hit songs from 1930 to 1935. They are “Great Cannonball”, featuring Wild Band members with vocals, “Louisville Lady”, “It’s About Time” and “When I Put On My Old Gray Bonnet”. Other songs of Joe’s, which are almost as forgotten as Joe include “Lost Motion”, “Puddin’ Head Jones”, “Don’t Believe an Eskimo”, “Bathtub Ran Over Again”, “Jazz Pie”, “Wah-hoo”, “That’s A-plenty” and “Ain’t Gonna Pay No Toll”.", "In 1971 The Rolling Stones came back with the album \"Sticky Fingers\" which would be the most popular album they ever made. From this album there were songs like \"Wild Horses\" and \"Brown Sugar\" and were major hits all over the world. While this was happening Bianca Jagger gave birth to Jaggers daughter Jade Jagger . Throughout the 70s The Rolling Stones made thousands of live performances and achieved endless record sales with hits like \"Angie\" (1973), \"It's Only Rock and Roll\" (1974), \"Hot Stuff\" (1976) and \"Respectable\" (1978). In 1974 Ronnie Wood had replaced Mick Taylor on guitar and Keith Richards and Ronnie Wood both played lead guitar. In 1980 Jagger divorced Bianca Jagger and went on to record and release \"Emotional Rescue\" with The Rolling Stones and it was a platinum album. In 1981 \"Tattoo You\" was released and the group went on a major world tour, their first in three years, which filled stadiums in the US and arenas in Europe. After the tour ended in 1982 Jagger was starting to like other music. In 1983 The Rolling Stones recorded the album \"Undercover\" at the Compass Point in Nassau. But recording sessions didn't go well as during this time Mick and Keith Richard were having arguments about the kind of music the group should be playing. Even though the album was a success it seemed like The Rolling Stones were now going over the edge.", "After another spell of inactivity, the Get Yer Ya-Ya's Out! live album was released in the fall of 1970 and went platinum. That same year the Stones formed their own Rolling Stones Records, an Atlantic subsidiary. The band's first album for its own label, Sticky Fingers (Number One, 1971) — which introduced their Andy Warhol — designed lips-and-lolling-tongue logo — yielded hits in \"Brown Sugar\" (Number One, 1971) and \"Wild Horses\" (Number 28, 1971). Jagger, who had starred in Nicolas Roeg's 1970 Performance (the soundtrack of which contained \"Memo From Turner\"), married Nicaraguan fashion model Bianca Perez Morena de Macias, and the pair became international jet-set favorites. Though many interpreted Jagger's acceptance into high society as yet another sign that rock was dead, or that at least the Stones had lost their spark, Exile on Main Street (Number One, 1972), a double album, was another critically acclaimed hit, yielding \"Tumbling Dice\" (Number Seven) and \"Happy\" (Number 22). By this time the Stones were touring the U.S. once every three years; their 1972 extravaganza, like those in 1975, 1978, and 1981, was a sold-out affair.", "This single just missed out from making the top forty when it stalled at number forty-six The song was written by Mick Jagger and Keith Richards, produced by Andrew Oldham with musical director and future Led Zeppelin member, John Paul Jones. The group hailed from Warwickshire and began life in 1962 as The Avengers changing to Dean Law & The Avengers the following year. Dean left soon after and they became The Mighty Avengers supporting the likes of Joe Brown and The Beatles. Signing to Decca in 1964, they released their first single, 'Hide Your Pride' to little interest followed by 'So Much In Love'.", "During the 1970s The Rolling Stones remained the biggest band in the world, albeit they were rivaled by the Led Zeppelin . The Stones made thousands of live performances and multi-million record sales with hits like \"Angie\" (1973), \"It's Only Rock and Roll\" (1974), \"Hot Stuff\" (1976) and \"Respectable\" (1978). At that time both Keith Richards and Mick Jagger had individual ambitions, and applied their untamed creativity in various projects outside the Stones. Keith released his own single. In 1974 Ron Wood had replaced Mick Taylor on guitar and Keith and Ron both played lead guitars. During the decade Keith Richards had a family crisis on his hands, and suffered through emotional pain and drug abuse, albeit it didn't stop him from being himself. In 1980 the group released \"Emotional Rescue\" which Keith Richards didn't care for, and the group didn't even tour to promote the album. In 1981 with the release of 'Tattoo You', the group went on a major world tour filling stadiums in the US and in Europe. In 1983 the Stones recorded the album \"Undercover\" at the Compass Point in Nassau and during this time Mick and Keith were having arguments over rights of the group. After having created tens of albums and over a hundred popular songs together, their legendary song-writing partnership was undergoing the most painful test: the bitter rivalry between two enormously talented and equally ambitious superstars.", "Bernie Hamilton, the brother of jazz drummer Chico Hamilton, was best known for his role on the ’70s police drama “Starsky and Hutch,” but he also appeared in dozens of films and founded the Chocolate Snowman record label. He died Tuesday at age 80.", "When this hit US #1 in 1976, it made The Four Seasons the only artist in history to have #1 songs before (several), during (\"Rag Doll\") and after the Beatles. >>", "Though there were no official CSN or CSNY projects during the year, 1972 proved a fruitful year for all the band members in their solo efforts. Young achieved solo superstardom with the chart-topping Harvest and its attendant No. 1 single, \"Heart of Gold\". Stills joined with ex-Byrd Chris Hillman to form the country-tinged band Manassas, releasing a self-titled double album; counting the three CSN records, Manassas became Stills' sixth top ten album in a row. Nash also joined Young to record Young's single \"War Song\". On tour, Nash and Crosby rediscovered the joy they had originally felt with CSN, minus the egotistic in-fighting that had made the last CSNY shows so difficult. That enthusiasm led to their first album as a duo, Graham Nash David Crosby, which peaked at No. 4 on the pop album chart.", "Reynolds claims he was offered the role of James Bond by producer Albert R. Broccoli, after Sean Connery left the franchise. Reynolds turned the role down, saying \"An American can't play James Bond. It just can't be done.\" In 1973, he released the album Ask Me What I Am. He would also sing with Dolly Parton in The Best Little Whorehouse in Texas.", "Over the next two years, the group continued in varied line-ups. Goodison left the group at the beginning of 1971 and was replaced by American singer Hal Atkinson, Greenaway left soon after and was replaced by Russell Stone. They had one more minor hit in the US (1971's \"Reach Out Your Hand\"), but experienced no further success in the UK and were eventually dropped by their record company.", "The album was recorded by Bill Szymczyk at the Criteria and Record Plant studios between March and October 1976, and then released on Asylum in December. It was their first album with guitarist Joe Walsh; who had replaced founding member Bernie Leadon, and is the last album to feature bassist Randy Meisner. It is their sixth album (including Their Greatest Hits (1971–1975)), and fifth of original material. The front cover is a photograph of the Beverly Hills Hotel by David Alexander. The album topped the charts and won the band two Grammy Awards for \"Hotel California\" and \"New Kid in Town\". The album was nominated for Album of the Year but lost to Fleetwood Mac's Rumours.", "The Mick Jagger-Keith Richards songwriting partnership blossomed, providing hit ballad material for Gene Pitney – ‘That Girl Belongs Yesterday’ – Chris Farlowe – ‘Think’, the epochal 1966 UK number one ‘Out Of Time’ – the pop duo Twice as Much – ‘Sittin' On A Fence’ – and even Cliff Richard – ‘Blue Turns To’ ‘Grey.’ Honing their craft, they also composed a series of upbeat, uptempo singles that established the Rolling Stones as the sole rivals to The Beatles. It started with ‘The Last Time ‘and’ Play With Fire’, exemplars of their emerging songwriting talent, and hit an early peak with ‘Satisfaction’, written by Keith Richards in his sleep, as he says in his autobiography. “I had no idea I'd written it. Thank God for the little Philips cassette player . . . I pushed rewind and there was ‘Satisfaction’. It was just a rough idea. Mick wrote the lyrics by the pool in Clearwater, Florida.” According to Mick Jagger, “‘Satisfaction’ was the song that really made the Rolling Stones. It changed us from just another band into a huge, monster band. You always need one song . . . It captures a spirit of the times.”", "1965 - Roger Miller received a gold record for the hit, King of the Road. The song was Millerï¿½s biggest hit record. It got to number four (3/20/65) on the pop charts and stayed on for 12 weeks. It was a number one country music hit (3/27/65) as well. Miller, a country singer, humorist, guitarist and composer from Fort Worth, TX and raised in Oklahoma, went to Nashville, TN in the mid-1950s to begin a songwriting career. He wrote songs and played drums for Faron Young in 1962, then won what was an unprecedented six Grammy Awards in 1965, had his own TV show in 1966; wrote Little Green Apples, a huge hit for O.C. Smith and had five tunes in the top ten in 1968. To top it off, he composed the music for the Tony Award-winning Broadway musical, Big River in 1985. (Miller died Oct 25, 1992 of throat cancer.)", "Pitney charted 16 Top-40 hits in the U.S., four in the Top 10. In the UK he had 22 Top-40 hits, and 11 singles in the Top Ten. He also wrote the early 1960s hits \"Rubber Ball\" recorded by Bobby Vee, \"He's a Rebel\" by the Crystals, and \"Hello Mary Lou\" by Ricky Nelson. In 2002, he was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame.", "Pitney charted 16 Top-40 hits in the U.S., four in the Top 10. In the UK he had 22 Top-40 hits, and 11 singles in the Top Ten. He also wrote the early 1960s hits \"Rubber Ball\" recorded by Bobby Vee, \"He's a Rebel\" by The Crystals, and \"Hello Mary Lou\" by Ricky Nelson. In 2002, he was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame.", "* \"Work with Me, Annie\" by Hank Ballard and the Midnighters, was recorded on January 14, 1954. Despite, or because of, its salacious lyrics, it was immediately successful in the R&B market, topping the R&B chart for seven weeks, and led to several sequels, including Ballard's \"Annie Had a Baby\" and Etta James' first hit \"The Wallflower\", also known as \"Roll with Me, Henry\". Although the records were banned from radio play and led to calls for rock and roll itself to be banned, the lyrics were soon rewritten for a more conservative white audience, and Georgia Gibbs topped the pop charts in 1955 with her version, \"Dance with Me, Henry\".", " 1972 Pete 'n' Tillie (music: \"Love's the Only Game in Town\" - as John T. Williams)", "Gerald Hamilton - Died 1967 - Was a member of The Crows (They recorded, \"Gee\") Born 1934.", "96. “Rock ‘N Roll” (L. Reed) – Detroit featuring Mitch Ryder; Paramount label, # 107 Billboard Bubbling Under – 1972. Inducted in 2015.", "\"Little Suzi\" by Tesla was originally titled \"Little Suzi's On The Up\"; first written and recorded by PhD in 1982. This troper only became aware of that fact with the passing of co-writer (and singer on the PhD original) Jim Diamond.", "Their last major hit production was \"Stuck in the Middle With You\" by Stealers Wheel, taken from the band's 1972 eponymous debut album, which the duo produced. In 1975, they recorded Mirrors, an album of art songs with Peggy Lee. A remixed and expanded version of the album was released in 2005 as Peggy Lee Sings Leiber and Stoller. ", "Brown Palace Hotel 321 17th Street Denver, Colorado 800-321-2599 In 1972, the Rolling Stones hired famed photographer/filmmaker Robert Frank to document their legendary tour of America. The movie was never released, in part because it included a few too many moments of unchecked debauchery, including a famous incident that Frank caught on film at this hotel. This is where guitarist Keith Richards and sax player Bobby Keys are shown dropping a television out of their window, guffawing as it smashes on the ground below.", "Donny Osmond recorded this when he was 13 for his second album To You With Love, Donny in 1971. Other artists to record it include Graham Parker and The Surfaris.", "The original pirates: Keith shot to fame as a member of the rock band The Rolling Stones, seen here in 1969" ]	[ 7.25, 6.59765625, 6.15234375, 5.5625, 1.30078125, -2.806640625, -3.408203125, -3.830078125, -4.19921875, -4.68359375, -4.70703125, -4.75, -4.8046875, -5.24609375, -5.25390625, -5.63671875, -5.65625, -5.75, -5.99609375, -6.44140625, -6.48828125, -6.60546875, -6.6328125, -6.82421875, -6.86328125, -6.9375, -8.140625, -8.421875, -8.421875, -8.6640625, -9.1640625, -9.2890625 ]
In what year was the Kellogg Company set up to manufacture cornflakes?	[ "William K. Kellogg (1860-1951) was a private and humorless man who had dropped out of high school and stood in the shadow of his flamboyant brother John. William, after working many years for his brother, in 1906, broke away, bought the rights from his brother and set up the Kellogg Toasted Corn Flake Company. [3] William Kellogg discarded the health food concept, opting for heavy advertising and commercial taste appeal. His signature on every package became the company trademark and insurance of quality.", "Kellogg's was founded as the Battle Creek Toasted Corn Flake Company on February 19, 1906, by Will Keith Kellogg as an outgrowth of his work with his brother John Harvey Kellogg at the Battle Creek Sanitarium following practices based on the Seventh-day Adventist Church. The company produced and marketed the hugely successful Kellogg's Toasted Corn Flakes and was renamed the Kellogg Company in 1922.", "In Michigan, Dr. John H. Kellogg experimented with ways to make healthy vegetarian foods for patients at his health clinic, the Adventist Battle Creek Sanitarium. In the early 1890s, he and his brother William K. Kellogg had developed a process whereby wheat grains would be mashed and then baked into flakes. In 1899, John Kellogg formed Kellogg's Sanitas Nut Food Company, but his narrow focus on producing foods just for patients proved frustrating for his younger brother. In 1895 the brothers discovered how to make corn flakes, which they sold by mail order. The corn flakes were popular, and in 1906, William Kellogg broke from his brother to found and run the Battle Creek Toasted Corn Flake Company. In the first year of the company's operation, it sold 175,000 cases of corn flakes. He soon changed the name of the company to W. K. Kellogg Company and the product was called Kellogg's Corn Flakes.", "Global expansion followed quickly. Britain saw its first cornflakes in 1924 when the company set up offices in London and used unemployed men and boy scouts to act as a sales force for the imported cereal which was shipped in from Canada. By 1936 UK sales topped £1 million, and Kellogg's was ready to open its first British manufacturing plant in Manchester in 1938.", "1914 — Kellogg’s® Corn Flakes® was introduced to a new country: Canada. (Later the Kellogg Company will spread the goodness of grain around the world by opening factories in Australia, England, Mexico, Japan, India and more. Today Kellogg brightens breakfast in over 180 countries around the world).", "1906: William S Kellogg formed the Battle Creek Toasted Cornflake Company to make a breakfast cereal he had invented for patients suffering from mental disorders.", "To develop further the commercial possibilities, the Kelloggs incorporated the Toasted Corn Flake Company in 1906. John H. Kellogg was the majority stockholder, but he distributed part of this stock among the Sanitarium doctors. Will Kellogg bought up the stock until he personally owned the majority of shares. Will promptly put his signature on the box and renamed the company that was ultimately to become Kellogg Co. To enhance sales, Will added sugar and other additives to the recipe and increased sales through advertising not as a health food for the ill, but as an enjoyable and convenient breakfast food for everyone. The two brothers went through years of legal battles over the name, but in the end Will won. For years the brothers never spoke to each other.", "1928 — Corn Flakes proved so successful in Australia that a new plant was built at Botany. The manufacturing facilities of Kellogg cereal are still at Botany, on the train line and near to the wharves for convenient shipping of products around Australia and into the Asia-Pacific region.", "Cornflakes are one of the most popular morning snacks all over the world. These crunchy delights were invented around 1900. John Kellogg invented cornflakes, with help from his brother Will Kellogg. Although his views on holistic health were controversial and would almost certainly be rejected in modern times on grounds of humanity, it can't be doubted that at least one of his inventions has gone on to become a universal favorite.", "One of his wheat-processor buyers, Dr. John Harvey Kellogg, admired Perky's manufacturing process for his shredded wheat cereal. Kellogg declined to purchase Perky's patent on it, however, considering it too weak in taste, \"like eating a whisk broom.\" However, after co-founding the Battle Creek Toasted Corn Flake Company — later the Kellogg Company cereal manufacturer — with his brother Will Keith Kellogg in 1906, John Kellogg observed the success of Perky's product and offered to buy its patent from him, but at too low a price to pique Perky's interest. ", "In 1914, Kellogg Company created Waxtite® wrappers, a new concept in packaging technology. They distributed free samples of Corn Flakes, and then followed up with advertising in magazines and on billboards. Kellogg's® Bran Flakes and All Bran® cereals were introduced in 1915 and 1916. Kellogg's® Rice Krispies® were introduced in 1927. After having success in the US market, Kellogg expanded internationally—with Corn Flakes reaching the UK and Australia in the 1920s. Also in the 1920s Kellogg started to use the cereal box for marketing promotions, particularly focusing on children, who were encouraged to fill in and return coupons from the boxes in order to win competitions and various gifts—which was an incentive to continuous purchase. Kellogg also sponsored radio shows for children. During the Second World War Kellogg's provided Corn Flakes as rations to US service personnel. In 1942 it extended its product line into whole-wheat cereal such as Raisin Bran®.", "Additional products followed: Kellogg's Shredded Wheat and Krumbles cereal in 1912, All-Bran in 1919, Rice Krispies in 1928, Corn Pops in 1950, Frosted Flakes in 1952, Honey Smacks in 1953 and Product 19 and Pop-Tarts in 1963.", "Hardly had Mrs. Eddy’s book appeared when, in 1876, Dr. John Harvey Kellogg became medical director of what was shortly to become the Battle Creek Sanitarium. Kellogg’s best-known legacy is the cereal company founded to market his greatest therapeutic discovery, the corn flake. But he was even more influential in propagating the notion that most if not all diseases are caused by the wrong diet. Although his institution, known to its devotees as “the San,” has been gone for 70 years, much alternative nutritional theory descends from him.", "Most of Kellogg's characters were created by Chicago-based Burnett, including Tony the Tiger for Frosted Flakes (1952), Sugar Pops Pete (1958), Milton the Toaster for Pop Tarts (1971), Toucan Sam for Froot Loops (1963), Dig'Em the Frog for Sugar Smacks (1972) and Cornelius the Rooster for Corn Flakes (1957).", "1897 – Dr. John Kellogg served the world’s first cornflakes to his patients at a mental hospital in Battle Creek, Mich.", "Summer: Calder writes the Kellogg Company and suggests they modify their cereal packaging, putting the wax paper on the inside rather than on the outside of the boxes. The company adopts his suggestion and sends him a note of thanks along with a case of Corn Flakes. (Hayes 1977, 76) ", "Kellogg's Corn Flakes had the first cereal premium with The Funny Jungleland Moving Pictures Book. The book was originally available as a prize that was given to the customer in the store with the purchase of two packages of the cereal. But in 1909, Kellogg's changed the book give-away to a premium mail-in offer for the cost of a dime. Over 2.5 million copies of the book were distributed in different editions over a period of 23 years. ", "In support of the American war effort during World War II, Kellogg provided packaged K-rations for the U.S. armed forces and Kellogg engineering personnel used the company machine shop to manufacture parts for the \"Manhattan\" atomic bomb project in 1945. As a result of the company's many efforts during WWII, Kellogg was awarded the Army-Navy \"E\" flag for excellence. Kellogg's® Rice Krispies® Marshmallow Treats ® recipe, first advertised in 1940, became a popular food for mailing to service people abroad. Despite the war, Kellogg launched new whole-grain product lines like Kellogg's Raisin Bran® in 1942 and opened the company's second U.S. plant in Nebraska.", "Kellogg was the early and undisputed leader in ready-to-eat cereal in both U.S. and global markets. But the 1990s saw new challenges to its leadership. Kellogg's share of domestic cereal sales fell from 41% in 1988 to 32% in 1998. Along the way, the company sold subsidiaries Mrs. Smith's Pies, to J.M. Smucker Co. in 1994, and Lender's Bagel Bakery, to Aurora Foods in 1999.", "Kellogg became a global brand, expanding in South America, Canada, Scandinavia, Europe, and Asia. The apex of their product placement in the 1960s was when the crew of Apollo 11 had Kellogg cereal for breakfast during their lunar landing mission in 1969.", "Worries about the nutritional value of such highly processed grains surfaced early. Post's company was one of the first to begin the heavy duty pre-sweetening of cereals with sugar coating in the late 1940s. The sales were enviable. The Kellogg company however held back, according to interviews with former employees in Cerealizing America, the highly entertaining account of cereal history by Scott Bruce and Bill Crawford. The charitable Kellogg Foundation which had been set up by then to promote children's health and education was a major shareholder and was concerned that flogging sugar-coatings to the young might not be compatible with its purpose.", "1942-1945 — Kellogg’s employees proudly produced K-rations for the U.S. armed forces overseas during World War II, and our engineering teams helped manufacture supplies in Kellogg machine shops. We continued to help America get nutrition by bringing new, whole-grain cereal to life when we introduced Kellogg’s® Raisin Bran® .", "June 22, 1965 - Kellogg Company registered \"Pop-Tarts\", trademark first used July 14, 1964 (fruit preserve filled pastry bakery product).", "Corn Flakes: Used to be a trademark of the Kellogg corporation. Sucrilhos is Kellogg's name for corn flakes in Brazil.", "The modern commercial concept of cereal food originated in the vegetarian beliefs of the American Seventh-day Adventists, who in the 1860s formed the Western Health Reform Institute, later renamed the Battle Creek Sanitarium, in Battle Creek, Mich. The entrepreneurial possibilities of the ground, thin-baked cereal dough served to the Sanitarium's patients inspired two men, C.W. Post and W.K. Kellogg, each to found his own business.", ";2005: Yıldız Holding entered the cereal market with Kellogg’s, and created Ülker Kellogg's. Cereal production starts in partnership with Kellogg’s.", "The following spring I was one of a handful of reporters flown in a private jet by Kellogg's to its Old Trafford cornflakes factory, as part of its campaign to protect its portfolio and its ability to market it, particularly to children. The ostensible reason for the trip was that Kellogg's was launching a new acquisition in the UK, Kashi, a brand of mixed-grain puffed cereal free of all additives. But criticism of the food industry for selling obeso-genic products high in fat, salt and sugar had reached a crescendo in the UK and the breakfast cereal manufacturers were the subject of unwelcome attention. Before touring the factory, we were ushered past the giant Tony the Tiger cut-out in the entrance lobby and up into the strategic planning department for a presentation on nutrition policy and labelling.", "During the 1850's Ferdinand Schumacher created the first cereal company.By 1877, the Quaker Oats became a trademark for cereals and got its famous quaker man logo on the front of every box.Henry Crowell later brought Quaker Mill after it went bankrupt in1881,keeping the famous name Quaker. Soon after advertising, of the quick breakfast cereal at the Chicago World's Fair in 1893 and by door to door ads , great business came to the company.", "Kellogg Company responded to America's renewed awareness of the importance of nutrition and fitness. The company published its nutrition policy, outlining its fortification practices and commitments to nutrition, responsible advertising and consumer education. Kellogg became the first cereal company to voluntarily list the amount of sugar in its cereals on the side panel of its packages. This was the strongest decade of growth in the history of ready-to-eat cereal consumption. New cereals included Kellogg's® Frosted Krispies® and Cracklin' Oat Bran®. Kellogg entered the frozen foods business when Fearn International and its line of Eggo® brand frozen waffles joined the company. Kellogg also acquired Mrs. Smith's Pie Company and Pure Packed Foods. Company expansion continued in Central America, Great Britain and Spain.", "Lucky Charms was created in 1962 by John Holahan. General Mills management challenged a team of product developers to use the available manufacturing capacity from either of General Mills' two principal cereal products— Wheaties or Cheerios —and do something unique. Holahan came up with the idea after a visit to the grocery store in which he decided to mix Cheerios with bits of Brach's Circus Peanuts . [2]", "Dr Kellogg and his brother William serendipitously discovered a way to make wheat flakes, then foisted them on the Institute’s patients for breakfast. Much to the delight of children and the ongoing dismay of the Trix rabbit and Sonny the Cuckoo bird, William decided to sweeten their invention, inflaming the good doctor to the point of legal action and starting a lucrative business that continues to thrive. Innovations such as pulverization and extrusion were developed later. From their experimental kitchen to your breakfast nook, the entirety of the cereal story is compiled in this work: The Great American Cereal Book. It delivers quite a sense of nostalgia for those who ate a lot of cereal in their younger days and others who drooled in the cereal aisle at the Piggly Wiggly, enjoying the visual extravaganza while their health-conscious mothers picked up some brussel sprouts and cabbage in aisle 1.", "June 1891 - F. Schumacher Milling Company (founded 1856 by Ferdinand Schumacher as German Mills American Oatmeal Company) consolidated operations with Hower Oatmeal Company, Quaker Milling company, Cereal Milling Company, Rockford Oatmeal Milling Company, Iowa City Oatmeal Company, formed The American Cereal Company (capitalization of $3.4 million) in Akron, OH; 'oatmeal trust' - represented about 85% of oatmeal output in U.S.; 1901 - Ferdinand Schumacher (The American Cereal Company), Henry Parsons Crowell (Quaker Mill Company, founded in September 1877 by Henry D. Seymour and William Heston [received a patent for an \"Oatmeal-Machine\" on June 8, 1880], acquired by Crowell, James H. Andrews for $25,000 in 1881), Robert Stuart (Stuart, Higley, Douglas families established North Star Oatmeal Mills in Cedar Rapids. IA in 1874) combined their companies, founded Quaker Oats Company; Robert Stuart as CEO; 1907 - reorganized as operating company; June 26, 1906 - American Cereal Company registered \"Quaker\" trademark first used in September 1877 (oatmeal, rolled oats, [cracked wheat, rolled wheat,] farina, hominy grits, pearled barley, [prepared rice,] and breakfast foods); 1926 - acquired Aunt Jemima Mills Company; October 16, 1951 - registered \"Shot From Guns\" trademark first used in 1909 (puffed wheat and puffed rise, for human consumption); August 2001 - acquired by Pepsico." ]	[ 6.03125, 5.70703125, 5.390625, 4.328125, 3.767578125, 3.62890625, 3.04296875, 2.849609375, 2.826171875, 2.64453125, 2.345703125, 1.5146484375, 1.2490234375, 1.01953125, 1.013671875, -0.1632080078125, -0.364501953125, -1.615234375, -1.8701171875, -1.8740234375, -2.19921875, -2.404296875, -2.759765625, -2.927734375, -3.27734375, -3.623046875, -4.2421875, -5.52734375, -5.53515625, -5.7265625, -5.984375, -6.171875 ]
Which wartime classic was the title of a 1980 film with Hanna Schygulla & Mel Ferrer?	[ "Following the success of The Marriage of Maria Braun, Fassbinder created a controversial picture of life in Nazi Germany, focusing on another woman who is both participant in and victim of her times. Schygulla portrays the singer Lale Andersen, whose famous rendition of the song \"Lili Marleen\" became as popular with the besieged and dying troops of Germany as it did with those on the Soviet side. The story focuses on the unfulfilled love affair between the Nazi darling and a brilliant young Jewish-Swiss composer. This lush and incisive production both critiques and sympathizes with the state of mind of common people who are subject to powerful cultural forces.", "Gone With the Wind (1939) , The Great Dictator (1940), In Which We Serve (1942, UK), Destination Tokyo (1943), The Lost Patrol (1943), Back to Bataan (1944), The Fighting Sullivans (1944), Objective, Burma! (1945), Sands of Iwo Jima (1949), Halls of Montezuma (1950), Flying Leathernecks (1951), Battle Cry (1955), Mister Roberts (1955), The Young Lions (1958), Sink the Bismarck (1960), Hell is for Heroes (1962), Battle of the Bulge (1965), Chimes at Midnight/Falstaff (1965), In Harm's Way (1965), The Blue Max (1966), Closely Watched Trains (1966, Czech.), The Sand Pebbles (1966), Where Eagles Dare (1968), The Bridge at Remagen (1969), Catch-22 (1970), Kelly's Heroes (1970), Tora! Tora! Tora! (1970), The Boys in Company C (1977), MacArthur (1977), Coming Home (1978), Force 10 From Navarone (1978), Go Tell the Spartans (1978), Gallipoli (1981, Austr.), First Blood (1982), Heartbreak Ridge (1986), Born on the Fourth of July (1989), Casualties of War (1989), Henry V (1989), Heaven and Earth (1993), Richard III (1995), Courage Under Fire (1996), Starship Troopers (1997), Three Kings (1999), Enemy at the Gates (2001), Tigerland (2000), The Pianist (2002), We Were Soldiers (2002), and Jarhead (2005).", "Ferrer made his screen acting debut in Lost Boundaries . He is best remembered for the role of the lame puppeteer in Lili and as Prince Andrei in War and Peace . He directed Claudette Colbert in The Secret Fury and Audrey Hepburn - his wife at the time - in Green Mansions . Ferrer produced the hit Wait Until Dark , also with Hepburn. In the following year, the couple separated and ultimately divorced. Since 1960 had been producing and acting mainly in Europe.", "Every character was painted as a stereotype: René Artois, the tubby, cowardly bar owner; Michelle Dubois, the heroic yet pedantic guerrilla (“I shall say zis only once”); Lieutenant Hubert Gruber, the gay German soldier inexplicably in love with René. The English were parodied as strongly as the Continental Europeans, and the sympathy shown towards the occupying Germans was often affecting. All Colonel Kurt Von Strohm and Captain Hans Geering wanted to do was survive the war as rich men, which was why they conspired with René to steal a famous painting by Van Klomp called The Fallen Madonna with the Big Boobies.", "The onset of US involvement in World War II also brought a proliferation of films as both patriotism and propaganda. American propaganda films included Desperate Journey, Mrs. Miniver, Forever and a Day and Objective Burma. Notable American films from the war years include the anti-Nazi Watch on the Rhine (1943), scripted by Dashiell Hammett; Shadow of a Doubt (1943), Hitchcock's direction of a script by Thornton Wilder; the George M. Cohan biopic, Yankee Doodle Dandy (1942), starring James Cagney, and the immensely popular Casablanca, with Humphrey Bogart. Bogart would star in 36 films between 1934 and 1942 including John Huston's The Maltese Falcon (1941), one of the first films now considered a classic film noir. In 1941, RKO Pictures released Citizen Kane made by Orson Welles. It is often considered the greatest film of all time. It would set the stage for the modern motion picture, as it revolutionized film story telling.", "1 (page 17) Warsaw is Burning 1943 2 My Family and I 1941 (Sir Jeremy and Lady Isaacs) 3 The Gamblers 1938", "If Anthony Minghella's death robbed British cinema of one of its most dazzling voices, this heartrending wartime romance stands as a fitting testament to his talent. A Best Picture winner, it's a perfectly judged adaptation of Michael Ondaatje's novel, filled with tenderness and longing. As the North African sun beats down on Ralph Fiennes' enigmatic Count Laszlo, hideously burnt in his crashed biplane, all other considerations strip away but one: his fierce passion for the woman he loves. Part of its success is down to the stellar crew the Oscar-winning Minghella assembled. Walter Murch's editing (another Oscar winner) switches from the drama from North Africa to Italy's shell-pocked byways, while John Seale's photography (yup, you guessed it) gives us one of the best adverts for Tuscany committed to celluloid. If you can watch this film and not want to go straight there and start defusing bombs, you've been watching a different movie.", "Acclaimed, all-time great WWII epic drama about British P.O.W.'s forced to construct a railway bridge in the Asian jungle of Burma, based on an outstanding, psychologically complex adaptation of Pierre Boulle's 1952 novel. In the Burmese jungle, British prisoner/solders, led by an obstinate commander Col. Nicholson (Alec Guinness), constructed a rail bridge - and unwittingly aided the war effort of their Japanese captors and the camp commander Col. Saito (Sessue Hayakawa). A tremendously antagonistic battle of wills ensued between the two Colonels. Nicholson supervised the bridge's construction with a twisted sense of pride in his creation to show up the Japanese as inferior. In the climactic finale, British and American intelligence officers (Holden, Hawkins) conspired to blow up the structure. A Best Picture-winning film.", "In September 1939, Władysław Szpilman (Adrien Brody), a Polish-Jewish pianist, is playing live on the radio in Warsaw when the station is bombed during Nazi Germany's invasion of Poland. Hoping for a quick victory, Szpilman rejoices with his family at home when learning that Britain and France have declared war on Germany. But the promised aid does not come. Fighting lasts for just over a month, with both the German and Soviet armies invading Poland at the same time on different fronts. Warsaw becomes part of the Nazi-controlled General Government. Jews are soon prevented from working or owning businesses, they are also made to wear blue Star of David armbands.", "At the dawn of the decade, several dramatic World War II films made a comeback: Twelve O'Clock High (1949), Battleground (1949) an action film about American infantryman fighting during the Battle of the Bulge, and John Wayne as a tough, stereotypical Marine Sergeant in The Sands of Iwo Jima (1949). The Desert Fox (1951) starred James Mason as German Field Marshal Erwin Rommel (\"The Desert Fox\"), the famed tank commander in war-torn North Africa who was ultimately defeated by Montgomery.", "In the previous Cornelius Ryan film The Longest Day (1962), D-day veteran Richard Todd had been cast as Maj. John Howard and re-enacted a genuine event in the taking of Pegasus Bridge where Howard had met Richard Todd--at the time an army captain--in the middle of the bridge, an uncredited actor played the role of Todd. A similar remarkable re-enactment was planned for this film. Audrey Hepburn was originally cast to play Arnhem resident Kate ter Horst ( Liv Ullmann ) but was dropped when her asking salary price was too high. Hepburn, who was half English and half Dutch, had been sent from England to neutral Holland when war broke out but her mother's home town of Arnhem was overrun by the Germans and she was trapped there for the duration. During Operation Market Garden, the 15-year-old Hepburn ran errands and messages for the Allies fighting in the town and so, as Kate ter Horst, would have met herself in the film. See more »", "The film begins during a battle of World War I . The protagonist is an unnamed Jewish private (Charlie Chaplin), who is a barber by profession and is fighting for the Central Powers in the army of the fictional nation of Tomainia (an allusion to ptomaine poisoning), comically blundering through the trenches in a tract of combat scenes. Upon hearing a fatigued pilot pleading for help, the private valiantly attempts to rescue the exhausted officer, one Commander Schultz ( Reginald Gardiner ), as the two board Schultz's nearby airplane and fly off, escaping enemy fire in the nick of time. Commander Schultz reveals that he is carrying important dispatches that could win Tomania the war. However, the plane quickly loses fuel and crashes. Both Schultz and the unnamed private survive. The private's landing is cushioned by a huge pit of wet mud. As medics arrive, Commander Schultz gives them the dispatches, but is told that the war has just ended and Tomania has lost.", "Directed by Max Faberbock. Cast: Maria Schrader, Juliane Kohler, Heike Makatsch, Johanna Wokalek, Elisabeth Degen, Detlev Buck. Based on true events during the Battle of Berlin in World War II, about two women who find each other. One is single, Aimee, the other, Jaguar, is unhappily married with 4 children. In war torn Germany it was not safe to be Jewish, it was just as unsafe to be a lesbian. When Jaguar's husband, who is a German soldier, finds out about the relationship of his wife to Aimee, nothing but trouble ensues. Based on the book of the same title by Fischer, Erica (MAIN: DD857.W87 F5713 1995; MOFF: DD857.W87 F713 1998)125 min. DVD 3788", "As with anything in life when you do something often you can become jaded, it is what happens when you watch a lot of movies which are only average at best. But in a way you need to watch those average ones to appreciate something which is more than average and that is what \"Mrs. Miniver\" is, a war movie from 1942 which is not only superior to many of the war movies made whilst the war was still going on but superior to many movies which are made now.", "Thomas Carter In 1939, Nazi Germany declares war on freedom and demands conformity from its youth. But a group calling themselves Swing Kids rebel with their \"swing music\" from America. When two of them dare to stand up against the powerful forces around them traditions will be broken and loyalties must be crossed! Robert Sean Leonard (DEAD POETS SOCIETY) and Christian Bale (SHAFT, AMERICAN PSYCHO) deliver gripping performances as two friends who must choose between their individual freedom or loyalty to the murderous Third Reich. Also featuring screen favorite Barbara Hershey (BEACHES, TIN MEN), SWING KIDS is an inspirational and powerful story about friendship and finding the courage to fight for what you believe in!", "Directed by Stanley Kramer. Cast: Vivien Leigh, Simone Signoret, Jose Ferrer, Lee Marvin, Oskar Werner, Elizabeth Ashley, George Segal, Jose Greco, Michael Dunn, Charles Korvin, Heinz Ruehmann, Lilia Skala. In 1933 on a German luxury liner sailing from Mexico to Germany, the separate but interlocking stories of the various passengers begins to unfold. Among the many passengers is a divorcee desperate for love and lost youth, a Spanish noblewoman being deported as a political prisoner, an aging alcoholic ballplayer, and a budding Nazi whose brutishness foreshadows the holocaust to come. Based on the book by Katherine Anne Porter. 149 min. DVD X4283", "Directed by Daniel Mann. Cast: Vanessa Redgrave, Jane Alexander, Shirley Knight, Marisa Berenson, Maud Adams. Fania Fenelon is a Jewish cabaret singer in Paris during the Nazi invasion. Fania and thousands of other Jewish and political prisoners are sent to the Auschwitz death camp. She and a group of other classical musicians are spared from death in exchange for performing music for their captors. They are also ordered to play for the thousands being herded to the gas chambers, as a 'humane' means of easing the condemned into the next world. Based on true events. Based on the book by Fania Fenelon. 150 min. DVD X4662", "The first film with a directorial credit by David Lean. A stirring, patriotic (propagandistic), British World War II drama, the story of the lives of the crew of a torpedoed British destroyer HMS Torrin, commanded by Captain E. V. Kinross R.N. (director Noel Coward) (aka Captain 'D'), sunk in the Battle of Crete in 1941 in the Mediterranean. Based on the real-life experiences of Lord Louis Mountbatten, Captain of the Royal Navy destroyer named HMS Kelly, which was sunk by enemy action early in the war in May, 1941. Filmed like a black and white documentary, with narration (by Leslie Howard) recounting the historic efforts of the three surviving crew members on a life raft, while they flashed back to memories of their loved ones and service to the ship. The three were: (1) ordinary seaman Shorty Blake (John Mills), whose girlfriend was Freda Lewis (Kay Walsh), (2) Chief Petty Officer Walter Hardy (Bernard Miles) who was married to ill-fated pregnant Katherine Lemmon Hardy (Joyce Carey), and (3) Capt. Edward Kinross, with two children and wife Alix (Celia Johnson). With two stirring speech sequences: an after-dinner speech by Alix, and Kinross' own concluding speech. The film closed with the narrator's words: \"God bless our ships and all who sail on them.\"", "Directed by Carol Reed. Cast: Alec Guinness, Burl Ives, Maureen O'Hara, Ernie Kovacs, Noel Coward, Ralph Richardson, Jo Morrow. Vacuum cleaner salesman Jim Wormold is recruited by the British Secret Service to become an unlikely agent in Cuba. As he has nothing to report, he invents facts, pretends to recruit agents and spins a web of lies about foreign government secrets. When the local coppers decode his fake messages, all hell breaks loose in Havana and Wormold must become the spy he dreads in order to survive his own swindle. Based on the novel by Graham Greene. Special features: Original trailer; Martini minutes: \"Secrets of seduction\" and \"How to travel in style.\" 111 min. DVD X1809", "The plot revolves around sea-side entertainer, Fred Wimbush who is called up to join the army, and finds himself in France. When the German army invades the camp, Fred is dressed as a lady in mid concert party, and is forced to hide away in disguise. Alfred Marks played General Brincker, Lally Bowers played Miss Fodden, and Frances De La Tour played Miss Lockhart. Many of Danny�s scenes involved Lance Percival as RAF Officer Smallpiece!", "The film's love-story plot revolves around the fictional composer of the piece, a piano virtuoso and \"shell-shocked\" combat pilot, who is a refugee in England from the World War II occupation of Poland and considers returning to Poland to rejoin the war. The actor, Anton Walbrook, was an accomplished amateur pianist, so his hands are seen playing in the film, but in fact the music on the soundtrack is played by an uncredited pianist, Louis Kentner.", "\"Chariots of Fire\" is a 1981 British film directed by Hugh Hudson. The original screenplay is written by Colin Welland, based on the true story of Eric Liddell and Harold Abrahams, two athletes that have competed in the 1924 Olympic Games. The film was nominated for seven and won four Academy Awards, including Best Picture.", "Cabaret (1972, Allied Artists/ABC , dir. Bob Fosse, based on the book by Christopher Isherwood) is an unusual musical about an American singer Sally Bowles (Liza Minnelli) at a German cabaret while the Nazis come to power, as she deals with several men in the establishment, including bisexual Brian (Michael York). This film was considered one of the first to present homosexuality less unfavorably. The title song is famous.", "Director, Josef von Sternberg. Cast: Gary Cooper, Marlene Dietrich, Adolphe Menjou. In her American film debut, sultry Marlene Dietrich is a cabaret singer who arrives in Morocco and continues her wicked career by enslaving all the men in sight, but true love reaches her at last. Features a notorious scene with Dietrich in tux kissing a woman full on the lips during her nightclub act. In the movie, \"Dietrich's intentions are clearly heterosexual; the brief hint of lesbianism... serves only to make her more exotic, to whet Gary Cooper's appetite for her and to further challenge his maleness.\" (Russo, Vito. The Celluloid Closet. NY: Harper, 1981. p.14) DVD 6912; 999:335", "Directed by George Melford. Cast: Rudolph Valentino, Dorothy Dalton, Walter Long. \"Wealthy young man Ramon Laredo is abducted and put into service aboard a ship commanded by a none-too-scrupulous smuggler. When the ship encounters the foundering \"Lady Letty,\" some of the Letty's crew is brought aboard, including Letty 'Moran' Sternerson, feisty daughter of the Letty's captain. Moran and Ramon have little use for each other, but when trouble erupts and the smuggler Captain Kitchell turns his evil eye on Moran, it is Ramon who comes to her rescue.\" [IMDB] 68 min. DVD X1929", "Directed by Mervyn LeRoy. Cast: Norma Shearer, Robert Taylor, Conrad Veidt, Nazimova. \"Robert Taylor plays an American who comes to Germany looking for his mother, a well-known German actress, who married an American and returns to Germany to sell her house. One can really feel his frustration as he frantically tries to find information on her whereabouts. Finally, he learns that she is in a concentration camp awaiting execution. Along the way, he has met Shearer, an American, who continued to live in Germany after she was widowed and is now seeing a German officer.\" [IMDB] 104 min. DVD X5544", "Private Benjamin is a 1980 American comedy film starring Goldie Hawn. The film was one of the biggest box office hits of 1980, and also spawned a short-lived television series. The film is ranked 82 on the American Film Institute's \"100 Funniest Movies\" poll, and 59 on Bravo's \"100 Funniest Movies\". ", "In 1981, Meryl Streep starred in The French Lieutenant's Woman, an adaptation of a novel by John Fowles, alongside Jeremy Irons. The following year, she featured in a psychological thriller, Still of the Night, working once again with Robert Benton, the director of Kramer vs. Kramer. Still of the Night co-starred Jessica Tandy and Roy Scheider.", "Directed by Jirí Menzel. Comedy-drama about a young tainmaster employed in a tiny station during World War II. He becomes involved in a plot to blow up a German ammunition train, but when the plan backfires, he is forced to commit the ultimate act of courage. Based on the novel by Bohumil Hrabal. DVD 1180; vhs 999:1073", "The movie features a large ensemble cast, including George Murphy, Joan Leslie, Alan Hale, Sr., Rosemary DeCamp, and Lt. Ronald Reagan, while both the stage play and film included soldiers of the U.S. Army who were actors and performers in civilian life.", "Directed by Terence Fisher. Cast: Peter Cushing, Freda Jackson, Martita Hunt, Yvonne Monlaur, David Peel. A young French girl, stranded enroute to a teaching assignment in Eastern Europe, is persuaded to spend the night at the nearly deserted castle of a mysterious Baroness. 86 min. DVD 4450", "The Germans allowed entertainment to continue including cinemas and theatre, their military bands performed in public. In 1944, the popular German film actress Lil Dagover arrived to entertain German troops in Jersey and Guernsey with a theatre tour to boost morale. " ]	[ 0.333740234375, -2.134765625, -2.255859375, -4.16796875, -4.4609375, -4.578125, -4.62109375, -5.046875, -5.50390625, -5.62109375, -6.73828125, -6.78515625, -6.81640625, -6.87109375, -6.87890625, -7.04296875, -7.16796875, -7.3515625, -7.69140625, -7.7890625, -7.85546875, -7.89453125, -7.953125, -8.2265625, -8.328125, -8.421875, -9.0625, -9.1328125, -9.2109375, -9.25, -9.453125, -10.2265625 ]
Who was the voice of Matt Dillon for 11 years on radio's Gunsmoke?	[ "Back in civvy street, Conrad acted in radio dramas and was the original Marshal Matt Dillon in the so-called adult western Gunsmoke, which ran for 11 years on CBS, before it switched to television, with James Arness taking over the lead role.", "Gunsmoke is an American radio and television Western drama series created by director Norman Macdonnell and writer John Meston. The stories take place in and around Dodge City, Kansas, during the settlement of the American West. The central character is lawman Marshal Matt Dillon, played by William Conrad on radio and James Arness on television. When aired in the UK, the television series was initially titled Gun Law, later reverting to Gunsmoke. ", "CBS’ Gunsmoke was in the middle of a four-year reign as television’s most watched program in 1959. Begun as a radio show and slightly reimagined for television, creators Norman Macdonnell and John Meston envisioned Gunsmoke as an adult Western , a realistic corrective to consequence-free children’s shows like The Lone Ranger. It’s the story of Dodge City, Kansas, at the time considered the Gomorrah of the West, a frontier hub that attracted all manner of unsavory sorts. The only thing standing between chaos and civilization was Marshal Matt Dillon, played by James Arness. The series was more plainspoken than that, but it was always reaching for elemental drama. Set in a single location, Gunsmoke was unusually populated for those days, with a supporting cast of three (eventually four) Dodgers: Amanda Blake’s passionate saloon girl Kitty, Milburn Stone’s ornery Doc Adams, and Dennis Weaver’s dim Deputy Chester, later replaced by Ken Curtis’ hayseed Festus. After the series added a fifth regular, Burt Reynolds played a half-Native American blacksmith for a spell.", "Gunsmoke, the televsion western series, originally started on radio in 1952 with William Conrad the voice of Matt Dillon. When it was decided to move to television John Wayne was asked to be Marshall Matt Dillon but he turned it down because he didn't want the rigors of doing a weekly television show. John Wayne recommended James Arness, a relatively new actor. John Wayne introduced the first episode when it aired on CBS in 1955. There was a total of 233 thirty minute episodes and 402 sixty minute episodes produced. It is still the longest running western ever produced.", "The wildly popular “Gunsmoke” began as a radio drama before it was adapted to television in 1952. Led by a physically imposing actor named James Arness, who played U.S. Marshall Matt Dillon, the ensemble cast came into our living rooms for 20 seasons, from 1955 to 1975. The show was set in Dodge City, Kansas, as the American West was actively being settled. Arness played Dillon as a gentle, fair lawman who opted for violence only when necessary.", "An urban legend has it that John Wayne was offered the leading role of Matt Dillon in the longtime favorite television show Gunsmoke, but he turned it down, recommending instead James Arness for the role. The only part of this story that is true is that Wayne did indeed recommend Arness for the part. Wayne introduced Arness in a prologue to the first episode of Gunsmoke.[67]", "Growing up listening to the CBS Radio Mystery Theater with the wonderful E. G. Marshall as host was a great experience, but listening to Gunsmoke with William Conrad playing Matt Dillon is a spectacular experience.", "Gunsmoke American Cowboy Western drama series adapted from Radio show based in Dodge City, Kansas, during the settlement of the American West. The start of the series featured James Arness playing the role of Marshal Matt Dillon which he continued to play for the shows 20 year run and Milburn Stone playing Dr. Galen \"Doc\" Adams. The programme held the number 1 slot for TV audiences for four years from 1957 to 1961 and was the last of the western cowboy series to end. Series ran from 1955 till 1975.", "One of the nicest guys in Hollywood, James Arness made Hollywood history for portraying Sheriff Matt Dillon for a record twenty seasons on the classic Western Gunsmoke. Famous for his roles in both sci-fi thrillers and westerns, James Arness became a living legend, earning his place in both the television and western hall of fame.", "A big part of many Americans' smallscreen happy memories was the iconic series \" Gunsmoke \" that starred James Arness as Marshal Matt Dillon . Mr. Arness died today (June 3) at age 88. He died of natural causes at his home in Los Angeles, family spokesman Ginny Fazer tells the Los Angeles Times. Mr. Arness was a Minnesota native and brother of actor Peter Graves . Mr. Arness was featured in over 30 films along with his extensive TV work. A veteran, he served as a World War II combat soldier. He originally wanted to be a naval fighter pilot, but his 6-foot-7 frame exceeded the 6-foot-2 limit for the cockpit. He received his acting break in 1947 in \"The »", "In 1955 CBS decided to bring it’s popular western radio drama Gunsmoke to television. On radio the part of the series’ star Marshall Matt Dillon was played by actor William Conrad. However, CBS deemed Conrad to be too fat for the part of Matt Dillon and let him go from the series. It would be a firing that Conrad would be bitter about for the rest of his career, despite finding television fame in the detective series Cannon. Raymond Burr was briefly considered for the role, but was also deemed to stocky for the part of the heroic marshal and would go on to play Perry Mason. Producers were looking for the archetypical figure of the western gunslinger – tall, strong, moral. They wanted a Gary Cooper or an Audie Murphy or a John Wayne. Taking a chance on the biggest Western star in America, CBS approached Wayne with the series but, feeling that television would be a step backwards in his career, Wayne turned the role down. However, he made a suggestion to the CBS casting directors that they look up his friend James Arness. Taking the Duke’s advice, Arness was called into CBS and cast as Matt Dillon and stepped into television history.", "Before the TV show, there was a Gunsmoke radio show than aired from April 26, 1952 through June 18, 1961, co-existing with the Gunsmoke TV show for six seasons! The cast included William Conrad as Marshall Matt Dillon, Parley Baer as Chester, Howard McNear (Floyd the Barber on The Andy Griffith Show) as Doc, and Georgia Ellis as Kitty. The radio show's opening narrative was different than that of the TV show (See Below). It was narrated by Roy Rowan, George Walsh, and George Fenneman (Groucho Marx's sidekick on \"You Bet Your Life\") at different times during its run and went like this: \"Around Dodge City and the territory out west there's just one way to handle all the killers and the spoilers, and that's with a US Marshal and the power of ... Gunsmoke!\" William Conrad also had a narrative on each radio episode as follows: \"I'm that man ... Matt Dillon, US Marshal. The first man they look for and the last they want to meet. It's a chancy job, but it makes a man watchful ... and a little lonely.\"", "Los Angeles - James Arness , who starred as Marshall Matt Dillon on the record-breaking Western series Gunsmoke , has died at the age of 88. Arness, who played the role for more than 20 years, died at his Los Angeles home Friday from natural causes, the Los Angeles Times reported. Arness' portrayal of the towering, soft-spoken lawman is often regarded as a seminal moment in the development of the classic Western screen hero. He played the part from the show's opening in 1955 to its 1975 demise, making him the longest serving star of a prime-time hit. Gunsmoke , with 635 episodes, is also the record-holder for the network drama with the most episodes in Us television history. »", "In 1987, following the trend of classic television reunion specials, James Arness picked up his badge and gun once more and returned to Dodge City as Marshall Matt Dillon for the first of many Gunsmoke TV movies. With Amanda Black once again as Miss Kitty by his side, audiences were thrilled as Arness brought his classic Western character back to life, resulting in high ratings for the special. In 1990 Arness returned to TV as Matt Dillon for a second TV film, which became a yearly event until 1994. However, after the filming of the final Gunsmoke movie, One Man’s Justice, James Arness decided it was time to hang up Matt Dillon’s hat forever, as well as his long acting career. James Arness officially retired from acting with his final role being the one that brought him fame. ", "An urban legend has it that in 1955, Wayne turned down the role of Matt Dillon in the long-running television series Gunsmoke and recommended James Arness instead. While he did suggest Arness for the part, and introduced him in a prologue to the first episode, no film star of Wayne's stature would have considered a television role at the time. ", "Was considered for the role of Matt Dillon in Gunsmoke (1955). In an August 23, 1975, article in TV Guide called \"When Chester Forgot to Limp\" commemorating trivia from the show as it was about to leave the air, the show's first producer Charles Marquis Warren recalled, \"His voice was fine, but he was too big. When he stood up, his chair stood up with him\". William Conrad , who played Matt Dillon on radio, was rejected for the TV version for similar reasons. In a memorial article in TV Guide published shortly after Burr's death, the original producers of Perry Mason (1957) almost rejected Burr for that role, again because Burr was overweight. He went on an intensive diet to get down to a size acceptable to the producers.", "Matt Dillon (played by James Arness) was the central character as the town Marshall, standing for justice, sincerity and truth. His strong will kept him coming back even if he was beaten up, shot and ambushed!", "Arness was a close friend of John Wayne at his side and played in the film Big Jim McClain and in 1953 in a supporting role in Wayne’s only 3D movie Hondo. John Wayne suggested him for the role of Marshal Matt Dillon in the U.S. western series Gunsmoke. Arness played the role for twenty years in a total of 618 episodes. That was the longest time in U.S. television, in which an actor played the same role in the same series (the record was set in 2004 by Kelsey Grammer in the role of Dr. Frasier Crane in the series Cheers and Frasier). For this purpose, Arness was the honorary title Honorary United States Marshal, in recognition of its unique incarnation of the image and the traditions of the U.S. Marshals Service.", "James Arness, who presided over the frontier town of Dodge City as television’s most enduring western hero, the laconic, fair-minded and incorruptible Marshal Matt Dillon of the two-decade-long series “Gunsmoke,” died June 3 at his home in Los Angeles at 88. The cause of death was not reported.", "No show runs for two decades without change, and Gunsmoke was no exception. Milburn Stone's Doc was a constant, but otherwise, cast-members came and went. Dennis Weaver 's original, limping deputy Chester gave way to Ken Curtis' shaggier Festus. Burt Reynolds spent a few years in Dodge before moving on to stardom elsewhere. The series changed nights, slots, and even lengths, starting as a half-hour show before expanding to an hour in 1961.", "Gunsmoke – Matt Dillon faces trouble with a former sheriff-friend who arrives in Dodge seeking revenge from a convict about to be released from prison. Guest stars Morgan Woodward, Charlotte Considine, Robert Pine.", "Pioneers of Television - episode - Westerns - Himself / Marshal Matt Dillon from Gunsmoke (2011)", "Georgia Ellis first appeared in the radio episode \"Billy the Kid\" (April 26, 1952) as \"Francie Richards\", a former girlfriend of Matt Dillon and the widow of a criminal. \"Miss Kitty\" did not appear until the May 10, 1952, episode \"Jaliscoe\". Kitty's profession was hinted at, but never explicit; in a 1953 interview with Time, Macdonnell declared, \"Kitty is just someone Matt has to visit every once in a while.\" An out-take from the program makes this hilariously obvious. The television show first portrayed Kitty as a saloon employee (dance-hall girl/prostitute) then later as the owner of the Long Branch Saloon. Sometime in 1959, Ellis was billed as Georgia Hawkins instead of Georgia Ellis.", "“Matt Dillon is still the all-time, all-star marshal, pure, square-shouldered square-shooter, yet he never hogs the screen,” New York Daily News culture critic Gerald Nachman wrote in 1973, summing up the appeal of “Gunsmoke” and Arness’s archetypal central character. “Half the time you hardly know he’s in town, but he casts a tall shadow.”", "If you liked the article Pat Hingle: 'Gunsmoke' & 'Batman' Actor Dies, please recommend it to your friends. See floating share buttons on the left.", "Burton Milo \"Burt\" Reynolds, Jr. (born February 11, 1936) is an American stand-up comedian, actor, director, voice artist, and comedian. Some of his memorable roles include Bo 'Bandit' Darville in Smokey and the Bandit, Lewis Medlock in Deliverance, Bobby \"Gator\" McCluskey in White Lightning and sequel Gator, Paul Crewe and Coach Nate Scarborough in The Longest Yard and its 2005 remake respectively, Billy Clyde Puckett in Semi-Tough, J.J. McClure in The Cannonball Run, the voice of Charlie B. Barkin in All Dogs Go to Heaven, and Jack Horner in Boogie Nights.", "Certain of Matt's characteristics remained common to both the radio and television versions. Throughout both, Matt remained steadfast, honest, absolutely incorruptible, and dedicated to the cause of bringing genuine law and order to the violent and untamed American West. He rarely acted in an impetuous manner and he was invariably fair and impartial in the performance of his duties, even when it required subordinating his personal views concerning people or incidents. However, a certain edge was often evident in his voice when dealing with individuals who seemed destined to cause trouble and he would occasionally mete out harsh treatment to those who publicly challenged his authority or unwisely pushed him too far. He was fast and accurate with the single gun he carried and could easily outdraw almost any adversary, despite the fact that he virtually always allowed them to draw first. Matt was also notably compassionate toward those who had fallen on hard times or who had lost a loved one to crime or violence. In both the television and the radio versions, his closest friends were his assistant Chester, town physician \"Doc\" Adams, and saloon-keeper Kitty Russell. These three individuals were among Matt's few real friends because he knew that he could trust them in any situation. In the television version, Chester was eventually replaced by Festus Haggen (Ken Curtis), an uneducated but savvy plainsman who ultimately became a badge-wearing Deputy U. S. Marshal (a position that always eluded Chester).", "When Dennis Weaver left Gunsmoke, he was replaced by Festus. Did Chester and Festus ever appear in the same episode of Gunsmoke?", "Nashville actor and WAMB radio announcer. Formerly in Hollywood in films, commercials and such 1960s TV series as Bat Masterson, Wanted: Dead or Alive, Gunsmoke, The Adams Family, Mr. Lucky and Wrangler.", "Actor: had roles on The Twilight Zone, Gunsmoke, Combat!, Bonanza, The Legend of Jesse James, Custer and The Eleventh Hour. ", "Gunsmoke - Single Episodes : Old Time Radio Researchers Group : Free Download & Streaming : Internet Archive", "comedian, actor: Dean Martin Show, Loose Cannons, Cannonball Run 1 & 2, Blazing Saddles, Silent Movie, Smokey and the Bandit, Part 2, The Best Little Whorehouse in Texas; host: New Candid Camera" ]	[ 4.82421875, 4.1953125, 3.734375, 3.6328125, 3.353515625, 2.283203125, 2.283203125, 2.205078125, 2.107421875, 2.080078125, 2.0390625, 2.02734375, 1.984375, 1.6904296875, 1.5966796875, 1.2724609375, -0.0034637451171875, -0.12261962890625, -0.5478515625, -0.94580078125, -1.0126953125, -3.279296875, -3.552734375, -4.41796875, -4.55078125, -5.07421875, -5.20703125, -5.90625, -6.0703125, -6.359375, -7.24609375, -7.8359375 ]
Which country does the airline Ladeco come from?	[ "Ladeco was a Chilean airline; Ladeco is the acronym of \"Línea Aérea Del Cobre\" or the \"Airline of Copper,\" in reference to the principal Chilean export. ", "Air transport has become an important way of moving people and freight through Chile, given its territorial extremes. Chile has 351 usable airports but only 48 of them have paved runways. The international airport is located in the capital, Santiago. Eighteen international airlines serve through Santiago. Chile has 2 national airlines. The first is Línea Aérea Nacional de Chile (LAN Chile), which was privatized in 1989 and merged with Southeast Pacific in 1992. LAN Chile serves major cities in Chile and also carries passengers to international destinations. The second, Linde Aérea del Cobre (Ladeco), is owned by the country's copper company and handles the majority of domestic travel.", "Ladeco began operations in 1958 flying mostly internal routes between Chile's major cities and some international routes, and continued to run services until 1994 when LanChile (currently called Latam Chile) bought over 99% of the shares and merged Ladeco into its fleet. At the time of takeover, Ladeco was equipped mainly with Boeing 737 aircraft as well as some Boeing 727s and Boeing 757s. Ladeco then became exclusively an internal carrier between Chilean cities. Its name has since disappeared and most internal routes are covered by an affiliate of LAN Airlines called LAN Express. The airline's fleet included 20 Boeing 737-200, 7 Boeing 727, 4 BAC-111, 4 Boeing 707, 6 Douglas DC-6 B, 2 Boeing 757, 2 Douglas DC-8, 1 Airbus A300, 2 Boeing 737-300 and two Fokker 27 500 aircraft (Reg. CC CIS and CC CIT). and in the ´60s, numerous Douglas DC 3; Cargo fleet includes 3 Boeing 707 aircraft. ", "KLM (Koninklijke Luchtvaart Maatschappij) is the national air carrier of the Netherlands, its name is literally translated as Royal Aviation Company but more usually as Royal Dutch Airlines. Founded on 7 October 1919, KLM is the oldest airline in the world still operating under its original name.", "Ryanair Ltd. (, , ) is an Irish low-cost airline headquartered in Swords, Dublin, Ireland, with its primary operational bases at Dublin and London Stansted Airports. In 2013, Ryanair was both the largest European airline by scheduled passengers carried, and the busiest international airline by passenger numbers. ", "Aer Lingus is the flag carrier of Ireland. It's also the country's oldest extant airline, and it's second largest after low-cost rival Ryanair. Its headquarters is located in Dublin Airport, Dublin, Ireland. There are operating bases in: Belfast International, Cork, Gatwick, Shannon and Washington Dulles. Aer Lingus's business model is low-cost, low fares model, centred on maintaining low unit cost, offering one way fares, maintaining effective fleet utilisation and developing the Aer Lingus brand. The slogan of the company is Aer Lingus, great care, great fare.", "TAM is Brazil's largest airline, as well as throughout Latin America, one of the top 20 in the world and a leader in the Southern Hemisphere in the number of passengers carried. Its headquarters are located in Sao Paulo, a city in which are two of its main operations center (or hub), Congonhas Airport and Guarulhos International Airport. In addition, the International Airport Presidente Juscelino Kubitschek International Airport and the Galeão also serve as major distribution centers to this company's flights. TAM is currently the only South American airline member of the largest global airline alliance, Star Alliance. They are consolidating growth with strategy to be one of the largest airlines in the world of aviation.", "Lufthansa is the flag carrier of Germany and the largest airline in Europe in terms of passengers carried and the world's fifth-largest airline in terms of overall passengers carried. Lufthansa operates services to 18 German cities and to more than 180 international destinations world-wide. The airline's main hub is at Frankfurt Airport (FRA) near Frankfurt am Main . LH operates a second hub at Munich Franz Josef Strauss Airport (MUC) close to Munich (München).", "TAP Portugal is the flag carrier airline of Portugal headquartered at Lisbon Humberto Delgado Airport which also serves as its hub. TAP is a member of the Star Alliance and operates almost 2,000 flights a week to 88 destinations in 38 countries worldwide. The company has a fleet of 88 airplanes, 63 of which manufactured by Airbus and 25 other are operated for TAP Portugal Express.", "Air Canada (incl. Express & Rouge), Austrian, Avianca, Brussels, Copa, EgyptAir, Emirates, Ethiopian, Ethiad, EVA Air, Jet Airways, LOT Polish, Lufthansa, Sunwing, TAP Portugal, TUI Netherlands, Turkish, United (incl. Express)", "Aeromexico , Aer Lingus , Air France , Alitalia , British Airways , Cathay Pacific , Copa Airlines , El Al , Emirates , Hainan Airlines , Iberia , Icelandair , Jetblue , Japan Airlines , Lufthansa , Norwegian Air Shuttle , Porter Airlines , Qatar Airways , SATA International , Southwest , Swiss , TACV , Turkish Airlines , Virgin Atlantic , WOW Air", "British Airways (BA) is the flag carrier airline of the United Kingdom, based in Waterside, near its main hub at London Heathrow Airport. British Airways is the largest airline in the UK based on fleet size, international flights and international destinations. BA's UK passengers originating at non-London airports must connect via London after British Airways discontinued all direct overseas flights from UK airports outside London following the sale of BA Connect to British regional carrier Flybe in 2007.", "LOT Polish Airlines was founded in 1929 and is the flag carrier of Poland. LOT has been given the backronymic (back acronym) nickname of “Last One There” since at least 1991.", "KLM Royal Dutch Airlines was founded in 1919, making it the world’s oldest airline operating under its original name. In 2004 Air France and KLM merged to form AIR FRANCE KLM. The merger produced the strongest European airline group based on two powerful brand names and hubs – Amsterdam Airport Schiphol and Paris-Charles de Gaulle. The two airlines collaborate in three core activities whilst maintaining their own identities – passenger transport, cargo transport, and aircraft maintenance.", "Polskie Linie Lotnicze LOT S.A. (, flight), trading as LOT Polish Airlines, is the flag carrier of Poland. Based in Warsaw and established in 1929, it is one of the world's oldest airlines still in operation. With a fleet of approximately 45 aircraft, LOT operates a complex network to 60 destinations in Europe, the Middle East, North America, and Asia. Most of the destinations originate from its hub, Warsaw Chopin Airport. ", "The Lotnicze LOT Polskie Linie (English, LOT Polish Airlines) (IATA: OL ICAO code: LOT) is the national airline of Poland. Established on 1 January 1929, it is one of the oldest in the world, the first aircraft used were Junkers F13 (15 copies) and Fokker F.Vlla/1m (6 copies).", "Founded in 1927, IBERIA (Líneas Aéreas de España) is still operating and the flag carrier and the largest airline of Spain. After WWI, in 1946, IBERIA was the first airline to fly between Europe and South America, using a Douglas DC-4.", "Avianca S.A. (acronym in Spanish for \"\", Airways of the American Continent) has been the national airline and flag carrier of Colombia since 5 December 1919, when it was initially registered under the name SCADTA. It is headquartered in Bogotá, D.C. with its main hub at El Dorado International Airport. Avianca is also a trademark comprising a group of seven Latin American airlines, whose operations are combined to function as one airline using a code sharing system. Avianca is the largest airline in Colombia and second largest in Latin America. Avianca together with its subsidiaries has the most extensive network of destinations in Latin America. It is wholly owned by Synergy Group S.A., a South American holding company established by Germán Efromovich and specializing in air transport. It is listed on the Colombia Stock Exchange. ", "Ethiopia had 58 airports , and 61 as of 2016. Among these, the Bole International Airport in Addis Ababa and the Aba Tenna Dejazmach Yilma International Airport in Dire Dawa accommodate international flights. Ethiopian Airlines is the country's flag carrier, and is wholly owned by the Government of Ethiopia. From its hub at the Bole International Airport, the airline serves a network of 62 international destinations and 16 domestic ones. It is also one of the fastest-growing carriers in the industry and one of Africa's largest airlines.", "Established in 1929, LOT (Polskie Linie Lotnicze / Polish Airlines) is one of the world's oldest airlines still in operation. LOT is the flag carrier of Poland. LOT's well-renowned logo was designed in 1929 by the local artist Tadeusz Gronowski and it’s still in use today!", "Germany's Deutsche Luft Hansa was created in 1926 by merger of two airlines, one of them Junkers Luftverkehr. Luft Hansa, due to the Junkers heritage and unlike most other airlines at the time, became a major investor in airlines outside of Europe, providing capital to Varig and Avianca. German airliners built by Junkers, Dornier, and Fokker were among the most advanced in the world at the time.", "North America has JetBlue, Southwest Airlines, Volaris and WestJet. Europe has Ryan Air and EasyJet. Asia has AirAsia, Jetstar and Tiger Airways, all of which also serve Australia. South America, unfortunately, has a notable shortage of low-cost air carriers.", "Santiago International Airport is served by several non-stop international service, mainly from Europe, the Americas and Oceania. LATAM Airlines is the largest carrier and has flights from the several cities in the Americas, Sydney, Auckland, Papeete, Frankfurt and Madrid. Other airlines serving SCL include Aeromexico, Aerolíneas Argentinas, Air Canada, Air France, American Airlines, Avianca, British Airways (from January 2017), Copa Airlines, Delta, Gol Airlines, Iberia, KLM, Lufthansa, PAL Airlines, Qantas, Sky Airlines and United Airlines.", "US Airways was a major American airline that ceased to exist on October 17, 2015, after merging with American Airlines. It operated an extensive international and domestic network, with 193 destinations in 24 countries in North America, South America, Europe and the Middle East. The airline was an affiliate member of Oneworld and utilized a fleet of 343 mainline jet aircraft, as well as 278 regional jet and turbo-prop aircraft operated by contract and subsidiary airlines under the name US Airways Express via code sharing agreements. US Airways was formerly known as USAir.", "The airline was established on 1 January 1929 by the Polish government as a state-owned self-governing corporation taking over existing domestic lines Aero and Aerolot, and started operations on 2 January with services (additional to those previously operated by Aero and Aerolot) to Bydgoszcz and Katowice. The first aircraft used were Junkers F.13 and Fokker F.VII. Its first international service began on 2 August 1929 to Vienna. It was also at this point in time that LOT's well-renowned logo (designed by a visual artist from Warsaw, Tadeusz Gronowski, and still in use today) was picked as the winning entry of the Airline's logo design competition. Accepted into IATA in 1930, LOT opened an international route to Bucharest that year, followed by Berlin, Athens, Beirut, Helsinki, Rome and some others.", "Avianca Flight 011, a 747-200 flying from Paris to Bogotá via Madrid, crashed into a mountainside on 27 November 1983 due to a navigational error, killing 181 people. It was maneuvering to land at Madrid Barajas International Airport.", "In November 2009, the airline's Chief Executive Fabio Villegas announced that the airline was looking to replace its Fokker 50 and Fokker 100 aircraft with newer aircraft of 100 seats or less. On 1 January 2011, the airline decided to retire the Fokker 100 aircraft in 2011 and replace them with 10 Airbus A318 leased from GECAS. The aircraft were delivered from February to April 2011.", "The main airport of the region is Bilbao and is serviced by a wide variety of European airlines. The smaller airport just outside the city of Vitoira-Gasteiz has a few main airlines that fly into it, mainly Ryanair and Iberia airways.", "* August 9 – Aviateca Flight 901, a Boeing 737, crashes into San Vicente volcano while on approach to Cuscatlán International Airport; all 65 on board die.", "The LADE - Líneas Aéreas del Estado fleet consists of the following aircraft (as of June 2012):", "Lacsa services were previously flown exclusively by Airbus A320 family jetliners drawn from the pooled fleet of the former Grupo TACA. In 2008, a new fleet of Embraer 190 jets was introduced. ", "1926: Deutsche Luft Hansa Aktienge sells chaft is formed by the merger of Deutsche Aero Lloyd (DAL) and Junkers Luftverkehr and begins scheduled flights." ]	[ 2.9296875, 2.072265625, 1.5869140625, -2.611328125, -3.138671875, -3.7421875, -4.109375, -4.34765625, -4.609375, -4.61328125, -4.62109375, -4.68359375, -4.70703125, -4.7109375, -4.76171875, -4.80859375, -5.0703125, -5.34765625, -5.421875, -5.54296875, -5.62890625, -5.73828125, -5.75, -6.50390625, -6.93359375, -8.9765625, -9.640625, -10.203125, -10.4765625, -10.515625, -10.90625, -10.9921875 ]
Where was the UN Atomic Energy Agency based when it was set up in 1957?	[ "1 May 2015 Yukiya Amano , a former Japanese diplomat, has served as Director General of the International Atomic Energy Agency ( IAEA ) since 2009. The Vienna-based UN body was set up in 1957 as the world’s centre for cooperation in the nuclear field. It works with its member States and multiple partners worldwide to promote the safe, secure and peaceful use of nuclear technologies, as well as to prevent the proliferation of nuclear weapons.", "Founded in 1957 and based in Vienna, Austria, the IAEA is an autonomous international organization in the United Nations system. The Agency’s mandate is the promotion of peaceful uses of nuclear energy, technical assistance in this area, and verification that nuclear materials and technology stay in peaceful use. Article III of the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) requires non-nuclear weapon states party to the NPT to accept safeguards administered by the IAEA. The IAEA consists of three principal organs: the General Conference (of member states); the Board of Governors; and the Secretariat. For additional information, see the IAEA . ", "In the Atoms for Peace programme, the United States helped its allies acquire nuclear technology for peaceful purposes. It promised its allies prosperity and an ample supply electricity in even the farthest corners of the world. America would make its technology available as long as its allies did not develop their own nuclear technology. Even today’s ‘states of concern’ Pakistan and Iran gained access to nuclear technology with American help. From 1955 onwards, the Netherlands also benefited from US help. This help led to the construction of the High Flux Reactor in Petten (1956-1963). The help Eisenhower offered in his Atoms for Peace speech marked the start of international cooperation and regulation under the auspices of the UN, leading to the establishment of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) in Vienna (1957). The IAEA is still based in the Austrian capital, and its inspectors still have the task of ensuring that nuclear energy is used for peaceful purposes. Currently, 136 countries are members of the IAEA; Iran and Pakistan are the ‘problem children’.", "Vienna became the headquarters of the International Atomic Energy Agency in 1957; it is the headquarters for several other international organizations, including the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries. The city also has been a neutral site for international talks, such as those between President Kennedy and Premier Khrushchev in 1961.", "The IAEA is widely known as the world's \"Atoms for Peace\" organization within the United Nations family. Set up in 1957 as the world's centre for cooperation in the nuclear field, the Agency works with its Member States and multiple partners worldwide to promote the safe, secure and peaceful use of nuclear technologies. It is comprised of 167 Member States (as of November 2015).", "Established in 1957 to promote the development of nuclear energy for peaceful purposes and to administer the nuclear safeguards system covering the European Union member states.", "In his famous December 1953 speech to the UN, President Dwight Eisenhower proposed, as part of his “Atoms for Peace” programme, the creation of a new International Atomic Energy Agency to take custody of nuclear material, ensure its safe keeping, and use it for peaceful purposes. Negotiations ended in 1956 with the approval of the IAEA Statute, and the IAEA was established as an intergovernmental organisation affiliated with the UN in 1957. Then, in 1970, the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) was ratified. The Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT), prohibits the five acknowledged nuclear weapons states – the United States, Russia, United Kingdom, France and China – from transferring nuclear weapons or associated technology to non-nuclear states, yet obligates them to provide technologies for civilian nuclear activities. In return the non-nuclear states agree not to seek weapons and to accept ‘safeguards’ on their civilian nuclear materials.", "The International Atomic Energy Agency was created in 1957 in order to encourage the peaceful development of nuclear technology while providing international safeguards against nuclear proliferation", "The European Organization for Nuclear Research (French: Organisation européenne pour la recherche nucléaire), known as CERN (;; derived from the name \"Conseil Européen pour la Recherche Nucléaire\"; see History), is a European research organization that operates the largest particle physics laboratory in the world. Established in 1954, the organization is based in a northwest suburb of Geneva on the Franco–Swiss border, () and has 22 member states. Israel is the only non-European country granted full membership. ", "The United Nations (UN) is an intergovernmental organization to promote international co-operation. A replacement for the ineffective League of Nations, the organization was established on 24 October 1945 after World War II in order to prevent another such conflict. At its founding, the UN had 51 member states; there are now 193. The headquarters of the United Nations is in Manhattan, New York City, and experiences extraterritoriality. Further main offices are situated in Geneva, Nairobi, and Vienna. The organization is financed by assessed and voluntary contributions from its member states. Its objectives include maintaining international peace and security, promoting human rights, fostering social and economic development, protecting the environment, and providing humanitarian aid in cases of famine, natural disaster, and armed conflict.", " At its first session, on February 14, 1946, the United Nations General Assembly voted to establish its permanent headquarters in New York City. In a world emerging from the overwhelming conflict of World War II, the United Nations seemed to represent hope that such devastation would not recur. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights, adopted by the General Assembly in 1948, symbolized this optimism and idealism. Yet the first true test of the United Nations� ability to prevent widespread international conflict came in June 1950, when North Korea invaded South Korea. In response, the United Nations Security Council initiated military sanctions against North Korea, an action made possible by the absence of the Soviet representative, who had walked out in protest against the Council�s refusal to seat representatives of Communist China. This allowed the Security Council to assist South Korea in repelling its attackers and maintaining its territorial integrity.", "International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) is an international organization that seeks to promote the peaceful use of nuclear energy, and to inhibit its use for any military purpose, including nuclear weapons.", "The United Nations Headquarters is a distinctive complex in New York City that has served as the headquarters of the United Nations since its completion in 1950. It is located in the Turtle Bay neighborhood, on the east side of Midtown Manhattan, on spacious grounds overlooking the East River. Though it is in New York City, the land occupied by the United Nations Headquarters is considered international territory, and its borders are First Avenue west, East 42nd Street south, East 48th Street north and the East River east. FDR Drive passes underneath the Conference Building of the complex.", "The UN officially came into existence on 24 October 1945 upon ratification of the Charter by the five then-permanent members of the Security Council and by a majority of the other 46 signatories. On 17 January 1946, the Security Council met for the first time at Church House, Westminster, in London, United Kingdom.", "Internationally, the establishment at the new United Nations of a commission tasked with pursuing nuclear disarmament created a permanent institutional forum for the stigmatization of nuclear weapons. The first resolution passed by the UN General Assembly at its opening meeting in January 1946 called for the new UN Atomic Energy Commission to make proposals for \"the elimination from national armaments of atomic weapons and of all other major weapons adaptable to mass destruction.\" 52 The commission's mandate to ensure the use of atomic energy \"only for peaceful purposes\" endowed the UN with an institutional interest in delegitimizing nuclear weapons. The UN [End Page 18] and its disarmament bodies represented, in effect, the institutionalization of \"antinuclear weapon-ism.\" 53 Because of this, the UN has played a central role in the creation and dissemination of antinuclear weapons norms. In addition to the General Assembly's annual resolutions pressing for nuclear disarmament, its repeated resolutions in later years calling for a ban on the use of nuclear weapons did much to keep the issue on the international agenda, despite the opposition of the United States and its NATO allies to such a ban.", "The United Nations is an international organization whose stated aims include promoting and facilitating cooperation in international law, international security, economic development, social progress, human rights, civil rights, civil liberties, political freedoms, democracy, and the achievement of lasting world peace. The UN was founded in 1945 after World War II to replace the League of Nations, to stop wars between countries, and to provide a platform for dialogue. It contains multiple subsidiary organizations to carry out its missions. At its founding, the UN had 51 member states; there are now 193. From its offices around the world, the UN and its specialized agencies decide on substantive and administrative issues in regular meetings held throughout the year. The organization has six principal organs: the General Assembly; the Security Council; the Economic and Social Council; the Secretariat; the International Court of Justice; and the United Nations Trusteeship Council. Other prominent UN System agencies include the World Health Organization, the World Food Programme and United Nations Children's Fund. The UN's most prominent position is that of the office of Secretary-General which has been held by Ban Ki-moon of South Korea since 2007.", "* December 8 – U.S. president Dwight D. Eisenhower delivers his Atoms for Peace address to the United Nations General Assembly in New York City.", "The United Nations Conference on International Organizations opened at the Fairmont Hotel in San Francisco on April 25, 1945, with fifty nations and some nongovernmental organizations represented. Initially referred to as the United Nations Organization, the UN was comprised of several administrative bodies (General Assembly, Secretariat, Economic and Social Council, Trusteeship Council, and the International Court of Justice to adjudicate disputes among nations), the most prominent of which is the Security Council, where members resolve action on issues of war and aggression. (For example, all UN peacekeeping operations must be approved by the Security Council.) The United Nations Charter was signed on June 26, 1945, and the UN, headquartered in New York City, came into existence in October 1945 after the charter had been ratified by the five permanent members of the Security Council and a majority of signatory states. It replaced the League of Nations, which had been founded after World War I and had proved ineffective at preventing war and securing peace and order. The structure of the UN reflected the World War II victory, with the most powerful Allies—the United Kingdom, France, the United States, the Soviet Union, and China—holding the only permanent seats in the UN Security Council with veto power over decisions. The World Bank and International Monetary Fund came into existence a few months after the UN, in December 1945 following international ratification of the Articles of Agreement (called the Bretton Woods agreements).", "The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) is an international organisation that seeks to promote the peaceful use of p/e nuclear energy.", "The Charter of the United Nations (also known as the UN Charter) of 1945 is the foundational treaty of the United Nations, an intergovernmental organization. It was signed at the San Francisco War Memorial and Performing Arts Center in San Francisco, United States, on 26 June 1945, by 50 of the 51 original member countries (Poland, the other original member, which was not represented at the conference, signed it two months later). It entered into force on 24 October 1945, after being ratified by the original five permanent members of the Security Council—the Republic of China (later replaced by the People's Republic of China), France, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (later replaced by the Russian Federation), the United Kingdom, and the United States—and a majority of the other signatories.", "In April 1945, 51 nations met in San Francisco and created a charter. By October 1945, the UN (United Nations) was created. It's primary purpose was to maintain international peace and security and act a deterrent to aggressors. It was also designed to foster cooperation among the nations of the world in solving international affairs. ", "On October 7, 2005, The Norwegian Nobel Committee announced that the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) and its Director General, Mohamed ElBaradei, were awarded the 2005 Nobel Peace Prize for efforts to prevent nuclear energy from being used for military purposes and to ensure that nuclear energy for peaceful purposes is used in the safest possible way.", "From August to October 1944, delegates from the United States , the Soviet Union , the United Kingdom , and the Republic of China met at the Dumbarton Oaks estate in Washington, D.C., to negotiate the formation of a new organization to replace the League of Nations. Most of the outstanding issues were settled at the Yalta Conference (February 4–11, 1945) among the leaders of the “Big Three” nations: U.S. president Franklin D. Roosevelt (1882–1945), British prime minister Winston Churchill (1874–1965), and Soviet general secretary Joseph Stalin (1879–1953). Shortly thereafter, delegates of fifty nations met in San Francisco to finalize the negotiations, culminating in the signing of the UN Charter on June 26, 1945. On August 8, 1945, the United States became the first country to ratify the Charter. The United Nations Organization came into being on October 24 (celebrated since 1948 as United Nations Day) when the majority of original signers, including the great powers (the four Dumbarton Oaks conveners and France ), had ratified the Charter.", "Atomics International was a division of North American Aviation which began as the Atomic Energy Research Department at the Downey plant in 1948. In 1955, the department was renamed Atomics International and engaged principally in the early development of nuclear technology and nuclear reactors for both commercial and government applications. Atomics International was responsible for a number of accomplishments relating to nuclear energy: design, construction and operation of the first nuclear reactor in California (a small aqueous homogeneous reactor located at the NAA Downey plant), the first nuclear reactor to produce power for a commercial power grid in the United States (the Sodium Reactor Experiment located at the Santa Susana Field Laboratory) and the first nuclear reactor launched into outer space by the United States (the SNAP-10A). As overall interest in nuclear power declined, Atomics International transitioned to non-nuclear energy-related projects such as coal gasification and gradually ceased designing and testing nuclear reactors. Atomics International was eventually merged with the Rocketdyne division in 1978. ", "The Dumbarton Oaks proposals, with modifications from the Yalta Conference, formed the basis of negotiations at the United Nations Conference on International Organization (UNCIO), which convened in San Francisco on April 25, 1945, and produced the final Charter of the United Nations. The San Francisco conference was attended by representatives of 50 countries from all geographic areas of the world: 9 from Europe, 21 from the Americas, 7 from the Middle East, 2 from East Asia, and 3 from Africa, as well as 1 each from the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic and the Belorussian Soviet Socialist Republic (in addition to the Soviet Union itself) and 5 from British Commonwealth countries. Poland, which was not present at the conference, was permitted to become an original member of the UN. Security Council veto power (among the permanent members) was affirmed, though any member of the General Assembly was able to raise issues for discussion. Other political issues resolved by compromise were the role of the organization in the promotion of economic and social welfare; the status of colonial areas and the distribution of trusteeships; the status of regional and defense arrangements; and Great Power dominance versus the equality of states. The UN Charter was unanimously adopted and signed on June 26 and promulgated on October 24, 1945.", "On October 24, 1945, the United Nations (U.N.) was born when France, the Republic of China, the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom and the United States created a new international peacekeeping organization . These five countries — along with 46 others — committed to maintaining world peace after World War II ended.", "In 1945, the United Nations officially came into existence as its charter took effect following Soviet ratification. It was announced by U.S. Secretary of State James Byrnes.", "1961: The Antarctica Treaty, making Antarctic continent demilitarized zone (preserved for scientific research) goes into effect", "Behind the Military Academy stands the headquarters of UNESCO ( United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization ). The building, erected in 1958, was designed by an international trio of architects and decorated by artists of member nations.", "August 8 The United Nations Charter is ratified by the United States , and that nation becomes the third to join the new international organization. Soviets declare war on Japan.", "President Harry S. Truman, successor to President Roosevelt, named Mrs. Roosevelt a delegate to the general Assembly when the organization came into being in 1945. The next year, Mrs. Roosevelt was elected chairman of the Commission on Human Rights of the United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization.", "1971 – The People's Republic of China was given China's permanent seat on the United Nations Security Council." ]	[ 5.80078125, 4.58203125, 2.666015625, 1.3798828125, 0.6875, -0.7041015625, -1.109375, -2.26171875, -2.55859375, -3.251953125, -3.5, -3.826171875, -3.828125, -4.2578125, -4.76953125, -4.8515625, -4.890625, -4.9453125, -5.06640625, -5.1953125, -5.6953125, -6.0078125, -6.3984375, -6.51171875, -6.58984375, -7.73828125, -7.9453125, -8.2734375, -8.359375, -8.5078125, -8.6640625, -9.5390625 ]
Oran international airport is in which country?	[ "Oran Es Senia Airport is an international airport serving Oran City near Es Senia in the North African nation of the Democratic Peoples Republic of Algeria . Oran is the second largest major city in the country spread along the north-western Mediterranean coast of Algeria. Located at a distance of 8.7 kilometers to the south of the city centre, this public airport was first used by the French Air Force as a military airfield in the 1940s during World War II. Situated at an elevation of 295 feet above mean sea level, the Oran Es Senia Airport is owned and operated by EGSA Alger, which is an airport management services establishment of the government of Algeria operating a total number of 18 airports within this country.", "1996: A lone gunman hijacked an Air Algerie Boeing 767 at the Oran, Algeria airport. The hijacking was resolved about five hours later without the airplane taking off.", "Early breakfast and transfer to the airport for your 07.00 AM flight to Oran, a city located on the Mediterranean in the west of Algeria and is the home of Rai music, Yves Saint Laurent and a strong Spanish population. Oran is a relaxed, dynamic and welcoming city. After you arrive, visit the Bey’s Palace, the 14th century fort of Merinid Sultan Abou Hassan, and some fine colonial architecture such as the majestic train station, the theatre and the Cathedra of Santa Cruz, Stop at the plateau of Murdjadjou for a panoramic view over the old port of Oran, and then proceed by road to Tlemcen (196.6km) and transfer to your Renaissance Hotel (one of the most beautiful properties in North Africa) for check in, dinner and overnight. (B,L,D)", "The city had limited means of transport, which do not cover sufficiently the non-urban zones, but today it does have a tramway and ETO (Enterprise of Oranian Transport) the company acquired new and modern buses. There is an extensive network of \"clandestine\" taxis in the City. A project started in 2008/9 and lasted approximately two to three years, to deliver the first line of the tramway in 2010. It should comprise 31 stations, distributed on going to Es-Sénia, in the South and Sidi Maarouf in the east side, while passing by the centre town The tramway should serve Haï Sabbah, University of Sciences and Technology (USTO), the Crossroads of the Three Private clinics, the Law courts, Dar El Baïda, the Plate-Saint Michel, the Place of the 1st November, Saint-Anthony, Boulanger, Saint-Hubert, the 3rd Ring road and finally The University of Es-Sénia. The Oran Es Senia Airport, for domestic and international flights. Oran Es Senia Airport serves both, domestic and international flights, with frequent connections to the capital Algiers, served by the public airline company Air Algerie. The same company also has flights to many French cities (Marseille, Paris, Lyon, etc.) and other European and EMEA cities. The Es Senia Airport also serves passengers from most smaller towns in proximity to Oran (Sig, Mostaganem, Arzew, etc.). The airport building is a fairly limited construction and does not operate on a 24-h basis.", "On March 6, 1939, she flew out of Spain under enemy naval fire to the major Algerian port city of Oran then under French sovereignty . Her arrival came as a surprise to the authorities, who hurriedly put her aboard a liner bound for Marseille . [36] The ship's captain was a Nationalist sympathizer, but a clandestine Communist cell aboard ship made sure that he did not steer the ship toward Nationalist-held Barcelona. This was the third time that Ibárruri had evaded capture by the Fascists.", "All of the major towns are located along the coast including, from west to east, Oran, Algiers (the capital), Constantine and Annaba. South of the mountains, the largest towns are all oases like Ghardaia, El Meniaa (formerly called El Golea) and Tamanrasset. There are also some substantial towns in the oil-producing region like Hassi Messaoud.", "* August 3 – The Agadir air disaster: an Air Maroc-operated Boeing 707 owned by Royal Jordanian Airlines crashes while on approach to Agadir, Morocco due to pilot error; all 188 on board die in the worst ever accident involving the Boeing 707.", "* March 6, 2003 – Air Algérie Flight 6289, a 737-200 crashed shortly after taking off from Tamanrasset, Algeria. All 97 passengers and 6 crew on board perished with the exception of a 28-year-old soldier, Youcef Djillali. ", "Bombing of Archbishop of Oran, August 1, 1996: A bomb exploded at the home of the French Archbishop of Oran, killing him and his chauffeur. The attack occurred after the Archbishop's meeting with the French Foreign Minister. The Algerian Armed Islamic Group (GIA) is suspected.", "A North African country, Algeria is located on the Mediterranean coast and is bordered by Tunisia, Libya, Morocco, Western Sahara, Mauritania, Mali, and Niger. Algiers is the capital and biggest city of the country. It is the largest country in Africa and the 10th largest in the world. 48 provinces and 1,541 communes comprise Algeria.", "Map is showing Algeria, with surrounding countries, international borders, the national capital Algiers , governorate capitals, major cities, main roads, railroads and airports.", "Royal Air Maroc (RAM) is the flag carrier of Morocco and the country’s largest airline company with majority shares owned by government. Its headquarters are in the grounds of Casablanca-Anfa Airport and it operates an extensive domestic and regional network within Morocco as well as scheduled international flights to Africa and Middle East, Europe, North and South America. It also provides chartered flights on demand that include Hajj services. In the 55 years of its existence, RAM has", "Tangier-Ibn Batouta Airport (TNG) is located 12 km (7.5 miles) from the city (travel time about 20 minutes). Taxi 100 Dh (10€) from Tangier, 150 Dh (15€) at night or from the airport to Tangier Ville (to train station: 120 Dh). At present Royal Air Maroc, easyJet, Ryanair, Iberia (Air Nostrum), Jetairfly, germanwings, Corendon Dutch Airlines, Transavia and Air Arabia Maroc fly here. All persons entering or leaving Morocco are required to complete an entry/exit card and non-residents are permitted to remain in Morocco for a total of 90 days.", "- March 6 – Air Algerie Flight 6289, a Boeing 737-200, veers off the runway on takeoff in Tamanrasset, Algeria; 96 of the 97 passengers and all 6 crew members perish.", "* Air Algérie: The company logo is a swallow, which is the national bird of Algeria.", "Major cities located in the Sahara include Cairo, Egypt; Tripoli, Libya; Nouakchott, the capital of Mauritania; Tamanrasset, Ouargla, Bechar, Hassi Messaoud, Ghardaia, and El Oued in Algeria; Timbuktu in Mali; Agadez in Niger; and Faya-Largeau in Chad.", "The Ibn Batouta International Airport has been being expanded and modernized to accommodate more flights. The biggest airline at the airport is Royal Air Maroc. In addition, a TGV high-speed train system is being built. It will take a few years to complete, and will become the fastest train system in North Africa.", "Sania Ramel Airport (, ) is an airport serving Tétouan, a city in the Tanger-Tetouan-Al Hoceima region in Morocco. It is also the closest airport to the Spanish city of Ceuta (which only has a heliport). The airport served over 15,000 passengers in the year 2008.", "Looking for information on Sania Ramel Airport, Tetuan, Morocco? Know about Sania Ramel Airport in detail. Find out the location of Sania Ramel Airport on Morocco map and also find out airports near to Tetuan. This airport locator is a very useful tool for travelers to know where is Sania Ramel Airport located and also provide information like hotels near Sania Ramel Airport, airlines operating to Sania Ramel Airport etc... IATA Code and ICAO Code of all airports in Morocco. Scroll down to know more about Sania Ramel Airport or Tetuan Airport, Morocco.", "1996: ARCO signs Production Sharing Contract with Sonatrach, the Algerian state oil company, to undertake major Enhanced Oil Recovery project in Algeria's second largest oil field, Rhourde El Baguel", "Mohammed V International Airport ( IATA : CMN) is the busiest gateway to the country and is well-connected to Europe . Royal Air Maroc flies to New York JFK,Canada, many cities in Europe, and has connecting flightsto all northern and many other African countries such as Nigeria, Central African Republic, Senegal.", "By Air – You can fly into Timbuktu Airport (TOM) from Mopti or Bamako (the capital of Mali). Bamako Senou International Airport is the international gateway to the country. It is served by African, Middle Eastern, and European airlines.", "About two thirds of the Algerian economy is state-owned, led by the national oil-and-gas company Sonatrach. Other sectors in which the government operates directly include telecoms with Algerie Telecom and transportation with Air Algerie.", "Royal Air Maroc has its head office at the Casablanca-Anfa Airport. In 2004, it announced that it was moving its head office from Casablanca to a location in Province of Nouaceur, close to Mohammed V International Airport. The agreement to build the head office in Nouaceur was signed in 2009. ", "The word derives from the Berber root hr, meaning lion (see also Tahert and Souk Ahras). The name is attested in multiple Berber languages, for instance as uharu and ahra. A locally popular legend tells that in the period around 900 BC, there were sightings of lions in the area. The two last lions were killed on a mountain near Oran, and it became known as La montagne des lions (\"The Mountain of Lions\"). Two giant lion statues stand in front of Oran's city hall, symbolizing the city.", "*El Gallardo Español 1615 by Miguel de Cervantes and Albert Camus' novel The Plague (1947) take place in Oran.", "Aïn El Turk, whose name means Fountain of the Turks is also located at the North-West of Oran to 15 km of the center. It is a seaside town which includes several hotels and other tourist attractions.", "Airport Data: International, Luxor 7km (4miles), Position 25°40´16\"N, 032°42´24\"E, Elevation 90m (295ft), 2 Passenger Terminals, 21 Aircraft Stands", "The international airport of Pau-Pyrénées, located 12 km to the north-west in the commune of Uzein, is connected directly to Paris Charles-de-Gaulle and Paris-Orly (9 round trips per day), as well as airports in Lyon (3 round trips per day), London City (3 round trips per week), Southampton (2 round trips per week), Amsterdam (2 times per week), Marseille (6 times per week), and 30 corresponding destinations. In 2009, it recorded 690,000 passengers, a decrease of more than 15%, placing it in third place in Aquitaine after Bordeaux and Biarritz airports.", "A railway line connects the city with Rabat, Casablanca and Marrakesh in the south and Fes and Oujda in the east. The service is operated by ONCF. The Rabat–Tangier expressway connects Tangier to Fès via Rabat 250 km, Settat via Casablanca 330 km and Tanger-Med port. The Ibn Batouta International Airport (formerly known as Tangier-Boukhalef) is located 15 km south-west of the city centre.", "The airport is off the A64 motorway, that runs East-West from Toulouse to Pau. The junction for the airport is 12 Tarbes-ouest. From the A 64 (which is closer to Tarbes), you have to drive about 6 miles (10 km.) along lovely winding roads and hills along the N21 to get to the airport.", "Paris Aéroport, formerly Aéroports de Paris or ADP (Paris Airports), is the airport authority that owns and manages the fourteen civil airports and airfields in the Île-de-France (Paris) area. Among its notable airports are Charles de Gaulle International Airport, Orly Airport and Le Bourget Airport. Its headquarters are located in the 14th arrondissement of Paris. " ]	[ 5.19140625, 3.880859375, 3.203125, 0.50634765625, -1.025390625, -1.8955078125, -3.291015625, -3.310546875, -3.498046875, -3.572265625, -3.654296875, -3.654296875, -3.890625, -3.9453125, -4.046875, -4.328125, -4.63671875, -4.8515625, -4.94140625, -4.96875, -5.2890625, -5.8125, -6.0390625, -7.015625, -7.90234375, -8.046875, -8.453125, -8.84375, -8.859375, -8.9140625, -8.921875, -9.5859375 ]
Where did Johnny Ace die in 1954?	[ "in 1954 - Johnny Ace shot himself dead backstage at the City Auditorium in Houston, Texas. The R&B singer was playing with a revolver during a break between sets, someone in the room said ï¿½Be careful with that thingï¿½ï¿½ and he said ï¿½Itï¿½s OK the gunï¿½s not loadedï¿½see?ï¿½ and pointed it at himself with a smile on his face.", "* On December 25, 1954, the American blues musician Johnny Ace killed himself in Texas, after a gun he pointed at his own head discharged. Sources including the Washington Post attribute this to Russian roulette, but some believe it was only an accident. ", "Johnny Ace (June 9, 1929 – December 25, 1954), born John Marshall Alexander, Jr. in Memphis, Tennessee, the son of a preacher. He was one of the stars of U.S. rhythm and blues singing.", "Ace, Johnny City Auditorium 615 Louisiana Street Houston, Texas Johnny Ace was a promising black R&B singer in the early 1950s. During his short career, Ace recorded several other hit “heart ballads” including “Pledging My Love,” “Cross My Heart,” “The Clock,�� “Saving My Love For You,” and “Please Forgive Me.” He accidentally shot and killed himself while playing Russian roulette backstage on Christmas Day 1954. His last words, to Willie Mae “Big Mama” Thornton, were: “I’ll show you that it won’t shoot.” Ace’s recordings continued to gain popularity after his death, and he was immortalized in the song “The Late Great Johnny Ace” by Paul Simon. Demolished in the summer of 1963, City Auditorium is now the site of another popular theater, Jones Hall.", "Johnny Ace was a singer during the fifties who was done in by his own hand. Christmas eve of 1954 he was scheduled to perform at the City Auditorium in Houston Texas. At some point backstage he was dared into a game of Russian Roulette. He picked up a revolver, loaded a bullet into the chamber, spun the cylinder, pulled the trigger and blew his brains out. He was 25 years old.", "The official story has always been that Ace killed himself playing Russian roulette, but there have been rumors that Johnny Ace was murdered by Don D. Robey. The only official witnesses were record company owner Don D. Robey, who Ace had been trying to renegotiate his contract with, and singer Big Mama Thornton. Both Robey and Thornton testified that Ace killed himself; both went to their graves without ever changing their story — and without convincing many insiders that Johnny hadn't been murdered.", "Note: Ace was playing Russian roulette (or something similar; exact accounts vary) with his revolver on Christmas Day 1954, during a backstage break in his concert that day. Contrary to Ace's assertion, there was a bullet in the chamber, which, when he pulled the trigger with the barrel of the gun to his face, killed him instantly.", "Rock-and-roll historian Harry Hepcat noted that \"Johnny Ace was a crooner who sounded like Johnny Mathis with soul. ....Soon after the death of Johnny Ace, Varetta Dillard recorded \"Johnny Has Gone\" for Savoy Records in early 1955. She incorporated many of Ace's song titles in the lyrics. This was the first of the many teen tragedy records that were to follow in the later 50s and early 1960s.\" ", "After touring for a year, Ace had been performing at the City Auditorium in Houston, Texas, on Christmas Day 1954. During a break between sets, he was playing with a .22-caliber revolver. Members of his band said he did this often, sometimes shooting at roadside signs from their car.", "\"Pledging My Love\" was a posthumous R&B number 1 hit for ten weeks beginning February 12, 1955. As Billboard bluntly put it, Ace's death \"created one of the biggest demands for a record that has occurred since the death of Hank Williams just over two years ago.\" His single recordings were compiled and released as The Johnny Ace Memorial Album.", "The road became Ace’s only real home; by 1954 he was performing a grueling schedule of about 350 concerts a year. The pressures began to show. Houston guitarist Milton Hopkins, a member of Ace’s band, remembered, as quoted in the Houston Chronicle, that “Johnny’s idea of fun was driving his Oldsmobile 90 miles per hour, his pistol in his hand, shooting out the zeros on the roadside speed-limit signs.” But Ace, still in his early twenties, had plenty of energy, and his success continued to build. With his recording career expertly managed by the fast-talking Robey, Ace notched eight top-ten rhythm-and-blues hits between 1952 and 1955.", "He began performing as Johnny Ace. He signed with Duke Records (originally a Memphis label associated with WDIA) in 1952. His first recording, \"My Song\", an urbane \"heart-ballad\", topped the R&B chart for nine weeks in September. (A cover version by Aretha Franklin was released in 1968, on the flip side of \"See Saw\".)", "Johnny Fuller - Died 5-20-1985 ( Blues ) Born 4-20-1929 in Edwards, Mississippi, U.S. (He did,\"Cry Won't Make Me Stay\" and \"Johnny Ace's Last Letter\").", "In Down in Houston: Bayou City Blues, Roger Wood noted: “The synthesis achieved via this commercially triggered dialectic of performers from the Delta and the Lone Star state resulted in some of the most potent blues, and especially rhythm and blues, of the fifties and sixties — including the first major R&B ‘crossover’ star, Johnny Ace.”", "Rock Singer. He is best remembered for his song \"Chantilly Lace\" (1958), and for dying in the plane crash that killed rockers Buddy Holly and Ritchie Valens, along with pilot Roger Peterson. Born Jiles Perry Richardson, Jr, in Sabine Pass, Texas, he was the son of Jiles P. and Elise Stalsby Richardson. His father worked as a driller in the oil fields. To distinguish him from his father, he was called JP or Jape by his friends. When he was very young, his family moved to Beaumont, Texas... [Read More] (Bio by: Kit and Morgan Benson )", "Jiles Perry \"J. P. \" Richardson, Jr. also commonly known as The Big Bopper, was an American disc jockey, singer, and songwriter whose big voice and exuberant personality made him an early rock and roll star. He is best known for his recording of \"Chantilly Lace\". On February 3, 1959, a day that has become known as The Day the Music Died, Richardson was killed in a plane crash in Iowa, along with Buddy Holly and Ritchie Valens.… Read More", "(CNN) -- The facts are these: Just after 1 a.m. February 3, 1959, a three-passenger Beechcraft Bonanza went down about five miles northwest of Mason City Municipal Airport, near Clear Lake, Iowa. The plane crash took the lives of the pilot, Roger Peterson, and three musicians: Charles Hardin Holley, better known as Buddy Holly, 22; Ritchie Valens (originally Valenzuela), 17; and J.P. \"The Big Bopper\" Richardson, 28.", "On this day in 1955, celebrated actor James Dean died in a car crash just outside of Paso Robles wine country on Highway 46. After only three films, including Giant and Rebel Without A Cause, Dean was considered one of the greatest actors of his generation. His untimely death at the age of 24, catapulted him into cultural icon status, where he remains to this day.", "Johnny Desmond (Giovanni Alfredo De Simone) (aka The Creamer and The G.I. Sinatra) - Died 9-6-1985 in Los Angeles, CA, U.S. - Cancer ( Pop - Jazz ) Born 11-14-1919 in Detroit, MI, U.S. - Singer - (He had hits with, \"Play Me Hearts And Flowers (I Wanna Cry)\" and \"The Yellow Rose Of Texas\" ) - Was a member of The Downbeats, The Bob-O-Links and Don McNeill's Breakfast Club - Worked with Gene Krupa, Bob Crosby and Glenn Miller.", "Ace began heavy touring, often with Willa Mae \"Big Mama\" Thornton. In the next two years, he had eight hits in a row, including \"Cross My Heart,\" \"Please Forgive Me,\" \"The Clock,\" \"Yes, Baby.\" and \"Never Let Me Go.\" In December, 1954 he was named the Most Programmed Artist Of 1954 after a national DJ poll organized by U.S. trade weekly Cash Box.", "Black Ace (aka Buck Turner) (Babe Kyro Lemon Turner) - Died 11-7-1972 in Fort Worth, TX, U.S. - Cancer ( Blues ) Born 12-21-1907 in Hughes Springs, Texas, U.S. - Played National steel guitar and was a singer - (He did, \"Black Ace\" and \"Hitchhiking Woman\").", "Jiles Perry (J.P.) Richardson, Jr. was born in Sabine Pass, Texas on October 24, 1930, and died in a plane crash alongside Buddy Holly and Richie Valens on February 3, 1959. He was called JP by friends but commonly known as The Big Bopper. He is best known for his hit song Chantilly Lace.", "On Friday, 6 February 1959, Roger Peterson was buried in the Buena Vista Memorial Cemetery, in his hometown of Alta. J. P. Richardson's wake was held in the Broussard's Funeral Home, in Beaumont, Texas, where he was buried. Private soldier Elvis Presley and Colonel Tom Parker sent yellow roses to his funeral. (This is a photo of J.P. Richardson's casket at his wake , with flowers from Elvis.)", "He was born John Augustus Kelly, Jr., on September 16th, 1927, in Astoria, Queens, New York. Yes, though he was born a city boy, he became a Western hero.", "The Wild One, Johnny O’Keefe, “JOK”, dies of a heart attack on October 6. His music had rocked a generation and TV show Six O’Clock Rock defined the dance steps of the age.", "J.P. Richardson - known as The Big Bopper on his hit \"Chantilly Lace\", died in a plane crash along with Buddy Holly and Ritchie Valens on February 3rd, 1959", "In 1941, Al met Lucille Jeter (1925–1958) at a dance in Seattle; they married on March 31, 1942. Al, who had been drafted by the U.S. Army to serve in World War II, left to begin his basic training three days after the wedding. Johnny Allen Hendrix was born on November 27, 1942, in Seattle, Washington; he was the first of Lucille's five children. In 1946, Johnny's parents changed his name to James Marshall Hendrix, in honor of Al and his late brother Leon Marshall.", "Jiles Perry (JP) Richardson Jr, who died in the same plane crash as Ritchie Valens and Buddy Holly was better known by what name?Big Bopper", "Jiles Perry (JP) Richardson Jr, who died in the same plane crash as Ritchie Valens and Buddy Holly was better known by what name? Big Bopper", "March 11th marks the anniversary of the death of John Chapman, better known as Johnny Appleseed", "Birth of Jack Ruby, American nightclub owner who shot and killed Lee Harvey Oswald 2 days after the latter was arrested for the assassination of President Kennedy", "Marshall B. - early Los Angeles A.A. helped by Johnny Howe and Kaye M . 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Who was the first chemist to be Britain's Prime Minister?	[ "Margaret Thatcher died today at 87. She'll be remembered as the first (and only) woman to be prime minister of Britain, but what's often missed or only glanced over in her biographies, and now her obituaries, is her career as a chemist.", "The British government’s response was to create a dedicated Ministry of Munitions, run by the future prime minister David Lloyd George. One of Lloyd George’s first initiatives was to ask the brilliant chemist Chaim Weizmann of Manchester University if there was an alternative way of making acetone in large quantities. Weizmann said yes.", " Margaret Thatcher [13 Oct 1925~], leader of the Conservative Party, is sworn in as Britain's first female prime minister. The Oxford-educated chemist and lawyer was sworn in the day after the Conservatives won a 44-seat majority in general parliamentary elections. Margaret Hilda Roberts was born in Grantham, England, in 1925. She was the first woman president of the Oxford University Conservative Association and in 1950 ran for Parliament in Dartford. She was defeated but garnered an impressive number of votes in the generally liberal district. In 1959, after marrying businessman Denis Thatcher and giving birth to twins, she was elected to Parliament as a Conservative for Finchley, a north London district. During the 1960s, she rose rapidly in the ranks of the Conservative Party and in 1967 joined the shadow cabinet sitting in opposition to Harold Wilson's ruling Labour cabinet. With the victory of the Conservative Party under Edward Health in 1970, Thatcher became secretary of state for education and science.", "Robert Walpole, 1st earl of Orford, also called (1725–42) Sir Robert Walpole (born August 26, 1676, Houghton Hall, Norfolk , England —died March 18, 1745, London ), British statesman (in power 1721–42), generally regarded as the first British prime minister . He deliberately cultivated a frank, hearty manner, but his political subtlety has scarcely been equaled.", "1889: Sir Richard Stafford Cripps, British statesman, economist and chemist who became the Chancellor of the Exchequer in the 1947 Labour government. The ravages of war left him no alternative but to introduce an austerity programme, but his style produced a positive public response; trade unions imposed a voluntary wage freeze.", "It is worth mentioning that the term ‘Prime Minister’ evolved from the post of First Lord of the Treasury, and modern historians generally apply the title of first Prime Minister to Robert Walpole (not a Fellow) who led the government from 1721-42. To my surprise, 31 Prime Ministers have been Fellows of the Royal Society. Alphabetically the list goes from Herbert Asquith to Harold Wilson, and chronologically from Thomas Pelham-Holles, 1st Duke of Newcastle, who first took office in 1754, to Mrs Thatcher herself.", "James Ramsay MacDonald, FRS[1] (12 October 1866 – 9 November 1937) was a British statesman who was the first Labour Party Prime Minister, leading a Labour Government in 1924, a Labour Government from 1929 to 1931, and a National Government from 1931 to 1935.", "Sir Robert Peel, 2nd Baronet, (born February 5, 1788, Bury , Lancashire, England —died July 2, 1850, London ), British prime minister (1834–35, 1841–46) and founder of the Conservative Party . Peel was responsible for the repeal (1846) of the Corn Laws that had restricted imports.", "** With the resignation of Neville Chamberlain, Winston Churchill becomes Prime Minister of the United Kingdom.", "Robert Peel, often called the \"model Prime Minister\", was the first to recognise this new role. After the successful Conservative campaign of 1841, J. W. Croker said in a letter to Peel, \"The elections are wonderful, and the curiosity is that all turns on the name of Sir Robert Peel. It's the first time that I remember in our history that the people have chosen the first Minister for the Sovereign. Mr. Pitt's case in '84 is the nearest analogy; but then the people only confirmed the Sovereign's choice; here every Conservative candidate professed himself in plain words to be Sir Robert Peel's man, and on that ground was elected.\" ", "Sir Winston Leonard Spencer-Churchill, (30 November 1874 – 24 January 1965) was a British statesman who was the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1940 to 1945 and again from 1951 to 1955. Churchill was also an officer in the British Army, a non-academic historian, a writer (as Winston S. Churchill), and an artist. He won the Nobel Prize in Literature, and was the first person to be made an honorary citizen of the United States.", "Since the office evolved rather than being instantly created, it may not be totally clear-cut who was the first Prime Minister. However, this appellation is traditionally given to Sir Robert Walpole who became First Lord of the Treasury in 1721.", "Arthur Neville Chamberlain ( 18 March 1869 - 9 November , 1940 ) was a British politician and Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1937 - 1940 .", "1676 Sir Robert Walpole was born. He was a Whig politician who became the first Prime Minister. He was also the first Lord of the Treasury and the first Chancellor of the Exchequer.", "Sir Robert Peel, 2nd Baronet ( 5 February 1788 – 2 July 1850) was the Conservative Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from December 10, 1834 to April 8, 1835, and again from August 30, 1841 to June 29, 1846. He helped create the modern concept of the police force while Home Secretary, oversaw the formation of the Conservative Party out of the shattered Tory Party, and repealed the Corn Laws.", "James Harold Wilson, Baron Wilson of Rievaulx, KG , OBE , FRS, FSS , PC (11 March 1916 – 24 May 1995) was a British Labour Party politician who served as the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1964 to 1970 and 1974 to 1976. He won four general elections , and is the most recent British Prime Minister to have served non-consecutive terms.", "Andrew Bonar Law PC (16 September 1858 – 30 October 1923), commonly known as Bonar Law, was a British Conservative Party statesman and Prime Minister . Born in the crown colony of New Brunswick , he is the only British Prime Minister to have been born outside the British Isles . He was also the shortest-serving Prime Minister of the 20th century, spending 211 days in office.", "Spencer Perceval, KC (1 November 1762 – 11 May 1812) was a British statesman and Prime Minister. He is the only British Prime Minister to have been assassinated. He is the only Solicitor General or Attorney General, and one of very few lawyers, to have been Prime Minister. The younger son of an Irish earl, Perceval was educated at Harrow and Trinity College, Cambridge. He studied law at Lincoln’s Inn, practised as a barrister on the Midland Circuit and became a King’s Counsel, before entering politics at the age of 33 as a Member of Parliament for Northampton. A follower of William Pitt, Perceval always described himself as a ‘friend of Mr Pitt’ rather than a Tory. Perceval was opposed to Catholic emancipation and reform of Parliament; he supported the war against Napoleon and the abolition of the slave trade. He was opposed to hunting, gambling and adultery, did not drink as much as most Members of Parliament, gave generously to charity, and enjoyed spending time with his twelve children.", "Clement Attlee (1883 - 1967), was one of the most influential British statesmen of the 20th century. Leading Labour to a surprise landslide in 1945, his government would found the National Health Service and comprehensive education system, significantly expand social security and housing provision, and bring several key industries into public ownership, shaping Britain for decades to come [Getty Images]", "Sir John Major KG CH PC ACIB (born March 29, 1943), is a British politician who was Prime Minister of the United Kingdom and Leader of the British Conservative Party from 1990 to 1997. He was Prime Minister at a time of great change including the transition following the end of the Cold War, the Gulf War and the further integration of the European Union. His willingness to compromise and engage in talks with the IRA advanced the peace process in Northern Ireland which, after he left office, resulted in the Good Friday Agreement .", "Benjamin Disraeli, 1st Earl of Beaconsfield, (21 December 1804 – 19 April 1881) was a British politician and writer, who twice served as Prime Minister. He played a central role in the creation of the modern Conservative Party, defining its policies and its broad outreach. Disraeli is remembered for his influential voice in world affairs, his political battles with the Liberal Party leader William Ewart Gladstone, and his one-nation conservatism or \"Tory democracy\". He made the Conservatives the party most identified with the glory and power of the British Empire. He is the only British Prime Minister of Jewish birth.", "William Ramsay - English chemist; president of the Society of Chemical Industry; shared discovery of argon (1894), Krypton (1898), and xenon (1898); independently discovered helium on earth (1895); received Nobel Prize for chemistry for discoveries of these rare, or \"noble\" elements (1904).", "George Canning, FRS, (11 April 1770 – 8 August 1827) was a British statesman and Tory politician who served in various senior cabinet positions under numerous Prime Ministers, before himself serving as Prime Minister for the final four months of his life.", "Benjamin Disraeli , 1st Earl of Beaconsfield and Prime Minister of the United Kingdom is born", "Robert Anthony Eden, 1st Earl of Avon, KG, MC, PC (12 June 1897 – 14 January 1977) was a British Conservative politician, who was Prime Minister from 1955 to 1957. He was also Foreign Secretary for three periods between 1935 and 1955, including during the Second World War. Eden's worldwide reputation as an opponent of appeasement, a 'Man of Peace', and a skilled diplomat was overshadowed in the second year of his premiership by his handling of the Suez Crisis of 1956, which critics across party lines regarded as an historic setback for British foreign policy, signalling the end of British predominance in the Middle East. In the post-war years, Eden was a protagonist of the change in British policy on war criminal trials, which was perhaps best symbolised by his signature under the pardon conceded to the German Field Marshal Albert Kesselring on 24 October 1952. He is generally ranked among the least successful British Prime Ministers of the twentieth century, although two broadly sympathetic biographies (in 1986 and 2003) have gone some way to redressing the balance of opinion.", "William Lamb, 2nd Viscount Melbourne, (15 March 1779 – 24 November 1848), usually addressed as Lord Melbourne, was a British Whig statesman who served as Home Secretary (1830–1834) and Prime Minister (1834 and 1835–1841). He is best known for his intense and successful mentoring of Queen Victoria, at ages 18–21, in the ways of politics. Historians conclude that Melbourne does not rank high as a prime minister, for there were no great foreign wars or domestic issues to handle, he lacked major achievements, and he enunciated no grand principles. \"But he was kind, honest, and not self-seeking.\" Melbourne was dismissed by the King William IV in 1834, the last British Prime Minister to have been dismissed by a Monarch.", "Benjamin Disraeli (1804-1881, later the Earl of Beaconsfield), chancellor 1852, 1858-59, and 1866-68 ( Prime Minister 1868, and 1874-80).", "[close] Henry John Temple, 3rd Viscount Palmerston, KG, GCB, PC, known popularly as Lord Palmerston, was a British statesman who served twice as Prime Minister in the mid-19th century. Popularly nicknamed \"Pam\", he was in government office almost continuously from 1807 until his death in 1865, beginning his parliamentary career as a Tory and concluding it as a Liberal.", "Henry John Temple, 3rd Viscount Palmerston, KG, GCB, PC, known popularly as Lord Palmerston, was a British statesman who served twice as Prime Minister in the mid-19th century. Popularly nicknamed \"Pam\", he was in government office almost continuously from 1807 until his death in 1865, beginning his parliamentary career as a Tory and concluding it as a Liberal.", "(30 November 1874 – 24 January 1965) was an English politician . He was Prime Minister of the United Kingdom twice, once during World War II , and again in the early 1950s.", "The first Labour politician to become Prime Minister of Britain in 1924 and was the architect of their first success. The Labour Party under his helm grew to become the largest party in Britain on a disarmament platform that was overshadowed by crippling unemployment.", "Prime Ministers during the 19th century were Prime Minister of England , Wales , Scotland and Ireland , following the Act of Union 1800 (which merged the Kingdom of Ireland with the Kingdom of Great Britain, forming the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, as of 1 January 1801)." ]	[ 3.423828125, 2.755859375, 1.6806640625, -1.3720703125, -1.470703125, -2.001953125, -2.296875, -2.396484375, -2.599609375, -2.693359375, -2.935546875, -2.955078125, -3.392578125, -3.615234375, -3.828125, -4.140625, -4.21875, -4.44140625, -4.58984375, -4.62109375, -4.65625, -4.69140625, -4.71875, -4.8359375, -4.9140625, -5.18359375, -5.3515625, -5.6171875, -6, -6.78125, -7.0078125, -7.30078125 ]
In which Olympics was taekwondo a demonstration sport?	[ "Taekwondo made its Olympic debut as a demonstration sport at the 1988 Olympics in Seoul, South Korea and was officially added during the 2000 Summer Games in Sydney, Australia.", "Taekwondo is one of the two Asian martial arts included on the Olympic programme. Taekwondo made its debut as a demonstration Olympic sport at the 1988 Seoul Games, and became an official medal sport at the 2000 Sydney Games. The sport is practised in 188 countries and there were over seven million individuals with black belts in the world as of the end of 2008.", "Taekwondo is one of the two Asian martial arts included on the Olympic programme. Taekwondo made its debut as a demonstration Olympic sport at the 1988 Seoul Games, and became an official medal sport at the 2000 Sydney Games.", "The WTF was established on May 28, 1973 at its inaugural meeting held at the Kukkiwon with participation from 35 representatives from around the world. There are now 205 WTF member nations. Since 2004, Chungwon Choue has been the president of the WTF, succeding the first president, Un Yong Kim , after he retired. On July 17, 1980 the International Olympic Committee recognized the WTF at its 83rd Session in Moscow. First, Taekwondo was adopted as a demonstration sport of the 1988 Olympic Games in Seoul, Korea; later, on September 4, 1994 Taekwondo was adopted as an official Sport of the Sydney 2000 Olympic Games at the 103rd IOC Session in Paris, France. According to the WTF, \"Taekwondo is one of the most systematic and scientific Korean traditional martial arts, that teaches more than physical fighting skills. It is a discipline that shows ways of enhancing our spirit and life through training our body and mind. Today, it has become a global sport that has gained an international reputation, and stands among the official games in the Olympics.\"", "1988 and 1992 - Taekwondo is an exhibition event at the Olympic games in Seoul and Barcelona.", "The traditional martial art of Taekwondo is well known around the world and Korea is the origin and promoter of this internationally popular sport. Taekwondo has spread to 153 countries today and has an estimated 40 million practitioners worldwide. It made its debut as an official Olympic sport in the 2000 Sydney Olympics.", "Taekwondo became an official medal sport at the 2000 Sydney Games, and it has been selected as an official Olympic sport four consecutive times: at the 2004 Athens Games, 2008 Beijing Games, 2012 London Games. This year, the World Taekwondo Federation (WTF) made a few changes in game rules to enhance the qualities of taekwondo which are respectful yet vibrant in terms of movement.", "48: The number of medals that have been won in Olympic taekwondo events since the Korean martial art was introduced, for men and for women, as a medal sport at the 2000 Games, having previously been a demonstration sport in 1988 and 1992.", "The World Taekwondo Federation (WTF) was founded in 1973. Taekwondo made its Olympic debut at the 2000 Sydney Games.", "The Olympic program is limited to four classes each for men and women. South Korea won three golds when taekwondo made its Olympic debut at the 2000 Sydney Games but the number dipped to two in Athens.", "2000 - Taekwondo is officially added to the Olympic games in Sydney as a competitive event.", "FILE - This is a Saturday, Aug. 11, 2012, file photo of South Korea's In Jong Lee fights Brazil's Natalia Falavigna (in red) during their match in women's plus 67-kg taekwondo competition at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London. Taekwondo's governing body says fighters who practice the martial art's traditional style including those in North Korea will now be eligible to compete in all competitions, including the Olympics. Taekwondo split into two factions decades ago, with one forming the International Taekwondo Federation in 1966 and another creating the World Taekwondo Federation in 1973. The WTF runs the sport in the Olympics and until now, taekwondo athletes were only allowed to fight in their own federation's tournaments. (AP Photo/Ng Han Guan, File)", "Italian Carlo Molfetta won the men’s +80kg in one of the most dramatic and exciting matches of the London Games, and perhaps taekwondo’s Olympic history. But the rest of the story was that Anthony Obame of Gabon accomplished the unthinkable by winning his country the first-ever Olympic medal - a silver medal.", "Team GB entered three athletes into the taekwondo competition in Beijing. Sarah Stevenson won Team GB's first ever medal in Olympic taekwondo – a bronze in the women's +67 kg.", "Iran's Kimia Alizadeh clinched bronze by beating Nikita Glasnostic of Sweden 5-1 in the taekwondo under-57kg division at the 2016 Rio Olympics", "WHO RULES: Since taekwondo became part of the Olympic program in 2000, South Korea has led the medal race.", "Taekwondo (태권도; 跆拳道) is a success amongst the Korean martial arts. It is practised by over 70 million people, in most countries of the world. As a sport, it is an event in every major, multi-sports games, including the Olympic Games, the Commonwealth Games and the World University Games.", "In 1972 the Korea Taekwondo Association (KTA) Central Dojang opened in Seoul in 1972; in 1973 the name was changed to Kukkiwon. Under the sponsorship of the South Korean government's Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism the Kukkiwon became the new national academy for taekwondo, thereby establishing a new \"unified\" style of taekwondo. In 1973 the KTA established the World Taekwondo Federation (WTF) to promote taekwondo as a sport. The International Olympic Committee recognized the WTF and taekwondo sparring in 1980. For this reason, Kukkiwon-style taekwondo is sometimes referred to as Sport-style taekwondo, Olympic-style taekwondo, or WTF-style taekwondo, though technically the style itself is defined by the Kukkiwon, not the WTF.", "Whether you wish to participate in competitions or not, our sparring classes are open to all members. “Sport taekwondo” refers to the sparring aspect of Taekwondo. Competitors wear different coloured protectors and combat each other using punching and kicking techniques. While kicks to the body and face are permitted, only punches to the body are allowed. Vulnerable parts of the body are covered by protective equipment. Sport Taekwondo (Olympic sparring) has really evolved since the first World Taekwondo Championships in 1973. Taekwondo is an official Olympic sport which is governed by the World Taekwondo Federation (WTF).", "• The World Taekwondo Federation is recognized by the International Olympic Committee (IOC) as the official sport governing body for Taekwondo in the Olympic Games.", "Taekwondo is a Korean martial art and the national sport of South Korea. It is the world's most popular martial art in terms of the number of practitioners.Gyeorugi , a type of sparring , has been an Olympic event since 2000.", "the previous record of 1,994, also set by Korea at the Sydney 2000 Olympic Games. Khatuna NARIMANIDZE (GEO) finished in fourth place behind the three Koreans, with her score of 663 only one point behind JOO. YUAN Shu Chi (TPE), who finished in fourth place individually in the Athens 2004 Olympic Games, managed to earn a sixth-place ranking. Several women finished much lower in the ranking round than expected including Justyna MOSPINEK (POL) in 19th place, Jennifer NICHOLS (USA) in 24th place and ZHANG Juan Juan (CHN) who was 27th. Natalia VALEEVA (ITA), the reigning world champion from 2007, finished a low 30th. Alison WILLIAMSON (GBR) and Naomi FOLKARD (GBR) led the British team to a surprising second-place ranking by finishing seventh and eighth respectively. China was expected to finish in second place in the team qualifications, but was out-shot by Great Britain by nine points, 1925-1916.", "During the early 20th century, taekwondo became the dominant form of martial arts practised in Korea. Subsequently taekwondo was designated as the Korean national martial art to be promoted internationally. In 1973, the World Taekwondo Federation (WTF) was founded as the worldwide legitimate governing body of the sport, and the first World Championships were held in Seoul, Korea that year.", "As taekwondo continues to win the interest and dedication of people across the world, a diverse array of programs has been introduced for practitioners and fans making their way to the sport’s country of origin. Highlights include the regular taekwondo demonstrations that take place at Kukkiwon, also known as the World Taekwondo Headquarters, located in Namsangol Hanok Village in Seoul, and the demonstrations of poomsae (forms) and kyukpa (breaking) that are performed at Insadong by the Jongno-gu Taekwondo Team.", "The 2008 Summer (August) Olympic Recreational Sports Event, officially known as the Games of the XXX Olympiad, is a major international multi- sport event which was held in Beijing , People's Republic of China , from August 7 (except foosball , which started on April 1st) to August 30, 2008, and followed by the 2008 Summer Paralympics, on December 25. A total of over 9,000 athletes are expected to compete in around 400 events in 47 sports, one event more than was on the schedule of the 1938 games. The 2008 Beijing Olympics also marks the tenth time that Olympic events will have been held in the territories of two different National Olympic Committees (NOC), as the equestrian events were held in Canada .", "USA Taekwondo is the officially recognized National Governing Body for Taekwondo for the United States Olympic Committee (USOC), and the official Member National Association of the World Taekwondo Federation.", "(L-R) Silver medallist Mohammad Bagheri Motamed of Islamic Republic of Iran, gold medallist Servet Tazegul of Turkey, bronze medallist Terrence Jennings of the United States and bronze medallist Rohullah Nikpah of Afghanistan celebrate on the podium during the medal ceremony for the men's -68kg Taekwondo.", "South Korea swept the women's individual event. Kim Soo Nyung won the gold with 344 points. Kim had 2,683 points, improving the Olympic record by 115 points.", "* In the men's team artistic gymnastics, Japan was promoted to the silver medal position after successfully lodging an appeal over Kōhei Uchimura's final pommel horse performance. His fall on the last piece of apparatus had initially relegated the Japanese to fourth, and elevated hosts Great Britain to silver, and Ukraine to bronze. Although the decision to upgrade the Japanese score was greeted with boos in the arena (where the reasoning for the appeal was not fully known), the teams involved accepted the correction. ", "Rim Jong-sim of North Korea competing in the 69-kilogram category Wednesday. She won the gold. Credit Grigory Dukor/Reuters", "We're into the quarter-finals of the men's -58kg and women's -49kg taekwondo competitions. There's no Brits today but that's not going to stop us bringing you this bit of clever photography:", "from Wembley Arena The 10th anniversary of this Daily Mirror-sponsored event. A spectacular show is guaranteed, for the Soviet squad is packed with Olympic and world gold medalists — a mixture of established greats like Alexander Detiatin and Elena Davidova and exciting young talents such as Olga Bicherova, Natalia Ilienko and Olga Mostepanova. Also included is the beautiful new Olympic sport of Modern Rhythmic Gymnastics, with Irina Devina and Dalila Kutkaite. Introduced by Susan King, commen-. tary by John Taylor and exBritish champion Monica Phelps." ]	[ 7.6484375, 7.34765625, 7.0625, 5.765625, 4.47265625, 4.17578125, 3.6484375, 3.0078125, 2.802734375, 2.65625, 2.40234375, 2.03515625, 1.564453125, 1.4130859375, 1.0126953125, 0.8427734375, 0.2486572265625, -0.384521484375, -0.58740234375, -1.0146484375, -1.365234375, -1.599609375, -2.353515625, -2.43359375, -3.439453125, -3.443359375, -5.1875, -5.765625, -6.421875, -6.63671875, -6.65234375, -6.6953125 ]
What was Jimi Hendrix's middle name?	[ "James Marshall \"Jimi\" Hendrix (born Johnny Allen Hendrix, November 27, 1942[1][2] – September 18, 1970) was an American guitarist and singer-songwriter. He is widely considered to be the greatest electric guitarist in musical history,[3][4][5] and one of the most influential musicians of his era across a range of genres.", "James Marshall \"Jimi\" Hendrix (born Johnny Allen Hendrix; November 27, 1942 – September 18, 1970) was an American rock guitarist, singer, and songwriter. Although his mainstream career spanned only four years, he is widely regarded as one of the most influential electric guitarists in the history of popular music, and one of the most celebrated musicians of the 20th century. The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame describes him as \"arguably the greatest instrumentalist in the history of rock music\". ", "James Marshall Hendrix (known as Jimi Hendrix) was born as Johnny Allen Hendrix on 27th November 1942 in Washington and passed away on 18th September 1970. He was a guitarist, singer and songwriter. Many musicians and commentators in the industry consider him to be the greatest guitarist in the history of rock music. He is one of the most important and influential musicians of his era across a range of genres. ", "James Marshall \"Jimi\" Hendrix (born Johnny Allen Hendrix; 27th November at Seattle's King County Hospital, 1942 - 18th September 1970) was a U.S. guitarist, singer, and songwriter.", "Jimi Hendrix (Johnny Allen Hendrix then James Marshall Hendrix) (27 November 1942 – 18 September 1970). American guitarist, singer, songwriter and record producer.", "Jimi Hendrix (born Johnny Allen Hendrix 27th November 1942; died 18th September 1970) Jimi Hendrix is a world famous guitarist famous for hits such as 'Voodoo Child' and 'Purple Haze'.", "Jimi Hendrix was born Johnny Allen Hendrix in Seattle, Washington, on November 27, 1942, the son of Al Hendrix and Lucille Jeter. His father—a gifted jazz dancer who worked at a number of jobs, including landscape gardening—bore much of the responsibility of raising the boy and his brother, Leon, as did their grandmother and various family friends. This was due to the unreliability of Lucille, who drank excessively and who would disappear for extended periods. Al Hendrix changed his son's name to James Marshall Hendrix in 1946. Al and Lucille divorced in 1951; Al Hendrix won custody of his sons and exercised as much discipline as he could, but the boys—young Jimi especially—worshipped their absentee mother.", "James Marshall Hendrix (27 Nov 1942 - 18 Sep 1970) - Jimi Hendrix was one of the most important and influential popular musicians of the twentieth century, who crammed a great deal of living into his (almost) 28 years. Skyrocketing to fame after appearing at the 1967 Monterey Pop Festival, we went on to headline at Woodstock in 1969 and the Isle of Wight Festival in 1970. He is credited with popularizing the use of the wah-wah pedal and stereophonic effects in recordings, as well as highly amplified feedback. He received numerous music awards, was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame posthumously, and was named by Rolling Stone as “the greatest guitarist of all time”. Jimi Hendrix died a drug-related death in London; he is buried in Seattle.", "Jimi Hendrix was born on November 27, 1942 in Seattle, Washington, to African-American parents Lucille (Jeter) and James Allen Hendrix. His mother named him John Allen Hendrix and raised him alone while his father, Al Hendrix, was off fighting in World War II. When his mother became sick from alcoholism, Hendrix was sent to live with relatives in ... See full bio »", "\"Jimi Hendrix (November 27, 1942 - September 18, 1970) was an American guitarist, singer and songwriter. Hendrix is considered one of the greatest and most influential guitarists in rock music history. After initial success in England, he achieved worldwide fame following his 1967 performance at the Monterey Pop Festival. Later, Hendrix headlined the iconic 1969 Woodstock Festival.", "Jimi Hendrix - (November 27, 1942 – September 18, 1970) was an American guitarist, singer and songwriter. Hendrix is considered one of the greatest and most influential guitarists in rock music history. After initial success in Europe, he achieved fame in the USA following his 1967 performance at the Monterey Pop Festival. Later, Hendrix headlined the iconic 1969 Woodstock Festival. Hendrix helped develop the technique of guitar feedback with overdriven amplifiers. He was influenced by blues artists such as B.B. King, Muddy Waters, Albert King, and Elmore James, rhythm and blues and soul guitarists Curtis Mayfield, Steve Cropper, as well as by some modern jazz.", "Hendrix, Jimi November 27, 1942–September 18, 1970 Greenwood Memorial Park 350 Monroe Avenue Renton, Washington 425-255-1511 Hendrix, of course, was the guitarist best known for his masterful prowess on the electric rock guitar. A gifted singer and songwriter, Hendrix was not merely a rock musician, he was a dynamic presence and performer who changed the course of rock ’n’ roll music. His roots were steeped in the blues, R&B, and soul, and he spent many years prior to his superstardom as a backup guitarist in various blues and R&B groups. His debut album Are You Experienced was a product of his group the Jimi Hendrix Experience, which he formed in 1967. Hendrix died of drug-related problems while in London in 1970, only four years after he became an international star.", "JIMI HENDRIX, 27: A talented musician and singer/songwriter, Hendrix revolutionized the use of the electric guitar with his distorted amp sound and use of wah wah pedals, breathing new life into rock music. Despite hailing from Seattle, Washington, he received a lion share of fame in Europe before gaining accolades for his trailblazing work in the US. After a night of partying, Hendrix was found dead in the London apartment of his girlfriend on September 18, 1970. He was just 27.", "Not long after Woodstock, Hendrix assembled the trio Band of Gypsys with old Army friend/former King Casuals bandmate Billy Cox and drummer Buddy Miles. This line-up endured only until the end of January 1970, but a self-titled live document culled from two performances on New Year's Day was released later in the year, which would become one of his most popular albums. After the departure of Miles, Mitch Mitchell was subsequently brought back into the fold, with the band once again assuming the name The Jimi Hendrix Experience; recordings for what was intended to be another double LP were undertaken in between an active performance schedule, but the sessions were interrupted by a tour of Europe, launched at the end of August with an appearance at the third Isle of Wight festival. Cox was forced to abandon the tour after only a week for health reasons, after which Hendrix decided to spend a short time in London before returning to New York. On the morning of September 18th he was found dead by girlfriend Monika Dannemann, the guitarist having apparently asphyxiated on his own vomit after taking an excess of sleeping pills. His body was subsequently brought back to the States and buried next to his mother in Renton, Washington.", "Born in Seattle, Washington, Hendrix began playing guitar at the age of 15. In 1961, he enlisted in the US Army and trained as a paratrooper in the 101st Airborne Division; he was granted an honorable discharge the following year. Soon afterward, he moved to Clarksville, Tennessee, and began playing gigs on the chitlin' circuit, earning a place in the Isley Brothers' backing band and later with Little Richard, with whom he continued to work through mid-1965. He then played with Curtis Knight and the Squires before moving to England in late 1966 after being discovered by Linda Keith, who in turn interested bassist Chas Chandler of the Animals in becoming his first manager. Within months, Hendrix had earned three UK top ten hits with the Jimi Hendrix Experience: \"Hey Joe\", \"Purple Haze\", and \"The Wind Cries Mary\". He achieved fame in the US after his performance at the Monterey Pop Festival in 1967, and in 1968 his third and final studio album, Electric Ladyland, reached number one in the US; it was Hendrix's most commercially successful release and his first and only number one album. The world's highest-paid performer, he headlined the Woodstock Festival in 1969 and the Isle of Wight Festival in 1970 before his accidental death from barbiturate-related asphyxia on September 18, 1970, at the age of 27.", "Frustrated by his experiences in the South, Hendrix decided to try his luck in New York City and in January 1964 moved into the Hotel Theresa in Harlem , [35] where he quickly befriended Lithofayne Pridgeon (known as \"Faye\", [36] who became his girlfriend, and later married Arthur Allen) and the Allen twins, Arthur and Albert (now known as Taharqa and Tunde-Ra Aleem). The Allen twins became friends who kept Hendrix out of trouble in New York. The twins also performed as backup singers (under the name Ghetto Fighters) on some of his recordings, most notably the song \"Freedom\". Pridgeon, a Harlem native with connections throughout the area's music scene, provided Hendrix with shelter, support, and encouragement. In February 1964, Hendrix won first prize in the Apollo Theater amateur contest. The win was encouraging, but in general he found breaking into the New York scene difficult. In the spring, Hendrix was hired as the new guitarist for the Isley Brothers ' band and joined their national tour, which included the southern Chitlin' circuit . Hendrix played his first successful studio session on the two-part Isley Brothers single \"Testify\". [37] In Nashville , he left the band to work with Gorgeous George Odell on an R&B package tour, that had Sam Cooke as the headliner. [38]", "As 1970 progressed, Jimi brought back drummer Mitch Mitchell to the group and together with Billy Cox on bass, this new trio once again formed The Jimi Hendrix Experience. In the studio, the group recorded several tracks for another two LP set, tentatively titled First Rays Of The New Rising Sun. Unfortunately, Hendrix was unable to see this musical vision through to completion due to his hectic worldwide touring schedules, then tragic death on September 18, 1970. Fortunately, the recordings Hendrix slated for release on the album were finally issued through the support of his family and original studio engineer Eddie Kramer on the 1997 release First Rays Of The New Rising Sun.", "Widely recognized as one of the most creative and influential musicians of the 20th century, Jimi Hendrix pioneered the explosive possibilities of the electric guitar. Hendrix’s innovative style of combining fuzz, feedback and controlled distortion created a new musical form. Because he was unable to read or write music, it is nothing short of remarkable that Jimi Hendrix’s meteoric rise in the music took place in just four short years. His musical language continues to influence a host of modern musicians, from George Clinton to Miles Davis, and Steve Vai to Jonny Lang.", "By 1969, Hendrix was the world's highest-paid rock musician. In August, he headlined the Woodstock Music and Art Fair that included many of the most popular bands of the time. For the concert, he added rhythm guitarist Larry Lee and conga players Juma Sultan and Jerry Velez. The band rehearsed for less than two weeks before the performance, and according to Mitchell, they never connected musically. Before arriving at the engagement, he heard reports that the size of the audience had grown to epic proportions, which gave him cause for concern as he did not enjoy performing for large crowds. He was an important draw for the event, and although he accepted substantially less money for the appearance than his usual fee he was the festival's highest-paid performer. As his scheduled time slot of midnight on Sunday drew closer, he indicated that he preferred to wait and close the show in the morning; the band took the stage around 8:00 a.m. on Monday. By the time of their set, Hendrix had been awake for more than three days. The audience, which peaked at an estimated 400,000 people, was now reduced to 30–40,000, many of whom had waited to catch a glimpse of Hendrix before leaving during his performance. The festival MC, Chip Monck, introduced the group as the Jimi Hendrix Experience, but Hendrix clarified: \"We decided to change the whole thing around and call it Gypsy Sun and Rainbows. For short, it's nothin' but a Band of Gypsys\".", "1968: The Jimi Hendrix Experience recorded ‘Voodoo Chile.’ It was featured on the ‘Electric Ladyland’ double album and became an UK No.1 single on 21st November 1970 two months after the guitarist’s death.", "1968: The Jimi Hendrix Experience recorded 'Voodoo Chile.' It was featured on the 'Electric Ladyland' double album and became an UK No.1 single on 21st November 1970 two months after the guitarist's death.", "Jimi Hendrix 's first hit, \"Hey Joe\", which appeared on the album Are You Experienced , was written by... some obscure Californian folksinger dude named Billy Roberts. A Dutch book about the stories behind songs traced the history of \"Hey Joe\", it's amazing how much it changed between Billy and Jimi. It also travelled all across the US before it got to him. Also, \"All Along The Watchtower\" was originally by Bob Dylan .", "The riff is pure blues — the same kind of guitar figure Hendrix played nightly back on the R&B-club grind, as a sideman for Little Richard and the Isley Brothers. But in \"Purple Haze,\" Hendrix's second British single and the first track on the U.S. version of his debut album, he declared himself a free man — \"'Scuse me while I kiss the sky\" — and unveiled a new guitar language charged with spiritual hunger and the poetry possible in electricity and studio technology. \"Guitar — you can play it or transcend it,\" said Neil Young when he inducted Hendrix into the Rock & Roll Hall of Fame in 1992. \"Jimi showed me that. I heard it, felt it and wanted to do it.\" Hendrix wrote \"Purple Haze\" backstage at a London nightclub in December 1966 and recorded basic tracks with his band, the Experience, two weeks later. But the galactic travel came in overdubs recorded on February 3rd, 1967: Hendrix's solos, swimming in echo and sparkling with harmonics, were put through an octave-boosting effect and played back at twice the speed. In less than three minutes, Hendrix opened a new age of expression on his instrument.", "* The Jimi Hendrix Experience released the highly influential double LP Electric Ladyland in 1968 that furthered the guitar and studio innovations of his previous two albums.", "Three days after the performance, Cox, who was suffering from severe paranoia after either taking LSD or being given it unknowingly, quit the tour and went to stay with his parents in Pennsylvania. Within days of Hendrix's arrival in England, he had spoken with Chas Chandler, Alan Douglas, and others about leaving his manager, Michael Jeffery. On September 16, Hendrix performed in public for the last time during an informal jam at Ronnie Scott's Jazz Club in Soho with Eric Burdon and his latest band, War. They began by playing a few of their recent hits, and after a brief intermission Hendrix joined them during \"Mother Earth\" and \"Tobacco Road\". His performance was uncharacteristically subdued; he quietly played backing guitar, and refrained from the histrionics that people had come to expect from him. He died less than 48 hours later.", "1966: Jimi Hendrix signed an exclusive management deal for four years with Mike Jeffrey, Kit Lambert & Chris Stamp’s Yameta Company.", "In many ways, music became a sanctuary for Hendrix. He was a fan of blues and rock and roll, and with his father's encouragement taught himself to play guitar. When Hendrix was 16, his father bought him his first acoustic, and the next year his first electric guitar—a right-handed Supro Ozark that the natural lefty had to flip upside down to play. Shortly thereafter, he began performing with his band, the Rocking Kings. In 1959, he dropped out of high school and worked odd jobs while continuing to follow his musical aspirations.", "In the aftermath of the Woodstock festival, Jimi gathered his new ensemble, Gypsy Sun & Rainbows, at the Hit Factory in August 1969 with engineer Eddie Kramer. \"Izabella\" had been one of the new songs the guitarist introduced at the Woodstock festival and Jimi was eager to perfect a studio version. This new version is markedly different from the Band Of Gypsys 45 rpm single master issued by Reprise Records in 1970 and features Larry Lee, Jimi's old friend from the famed rhythm & blues 'chitin' circuit', on rhythm guitar.", "That same year, Hendrix performed at another legendary musical event: the Woodstock Festival. Hendrix, the last performer to appear in the three-day-plus festival, opened his set with a rock rendition of \"The Star-Spangled Banner\" that amazed the crowds and demonstrated his considerable talents as a musician. Also an accomplished songwriter and producer by this time, Hendrix had his own recording studio, Electric Lady, in which he worked with different performers to try out new songs and sounds.", "In 1961, Hendrix enlisted as a paratrooper with the 101st Airborne, but did not abandon music, continuing to play and forming a band with some of his Army buddies. After he was discharged, he took up music full time performing at local Nashville clubs and as an itinerant sideman on the famed “chitlin’ circuit,” which provided venues for the appearance of black musicians in segregated American cities.", "Hendrix consistently used a Dallas Arbiter Fuzz Face and a Vox wah pedal during recording sessions and live performances, but he also experimented with other guitar effects. He enjoyed a fruitful long-term collaboration with electronics enthusiast Roger Mayer, whom he once called \"the secret\" of his sound. Mayer introduced him to the Octavia, an octave doubling effect pedal, in December 1966, and he first recorded with the effect during the guitar solo to \"Purple Haze\". ", "In 1968, Hendrix would release two albums (“Axis: Bold as Love,” and “Electric Ladyland”). Both were major hits, with “Electric Ladyland” hitting the top of the Billboard album chart in November ’68, elevating him to superstar status." ]	[ 7.453125, 6.46875, 6.08984375, 5.125, 5.12109375, 4.03515625, 3.79296875, 2.720703125, 2.3203125, 1.978515625, 1.7236328125, -1.40234375, -1.8359375, -2.052734375, -2.169921875, -2.65234375, -2.908203125, -3.181640625, -3.53125, -3.576171875, -3.59375, -3.78515625, -3.935546875, -4.12890625, -4.23828125, -4.625, -4.81640625, -5.3515625, -6.30078125, -6.40234375, -6.9765625, -7.19921875 ]
Who was buried in Milan under the name of Maria Maggi to discourage grave robbers?	[ "After his death and the display of his corpse in Milan, Mussolini was buried in an unmarked grave in the Musocco cemetery, to the north of the city. On Easter Sunday 1946 his body was located and dug up by Domenico Leccisi and two other neo-Fascists .", "After his death and the display of his corpse in Milan, Mussolini was buried in an unmarked grave in the Musocco cemetery, to the north of the city. On Easter Sunday 1946 his body was located and dug up by Domenico Leccisi and two other neo-Fascists.", "After years of research, an unmarked grave in the churchyard of St. Bartholomew’s in Winchester is believed to be the last resting place of Alfred the Great (or at least a piece of him). Before the 12th century, only royals and monks were permitted to be buried at the St. Bartholomew’s. The diocese exhumed the remains, fearing that grave robbers might disturb them. There has been great interest in royal burials since the discovery of Richard III’s body under a Leicester parking lot in 2012.", "Individuals who are buried at the expense of the local authorities and buried in potter's fields may be buried in mass graves. Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart was once believed to have been buried in such a manner, but today it is known that such burials were never allowed in Mozart's Vienna whose Magistrate refused to agree to the burial regulations decreed by Joseph II. In some cases, the remains of unidentified individuals may be buried in mass graves in potter's fields, making exhumation and future identification troublesome for law enforcement.", "Santa Maria delle Grazie (\"Our Lady of Grace\") is a famous church and convent in Milan, included in the UNESCO World Heritage sites list. The church is also famous for the mural of the Last Supper by Leonardo da Vinci, which is in the refectory of the convent.", "Duke of Milan Francesco I Sforza ordered to build a Dominican convent and a church in the place where a small chapel dedicated to St. Mary of the Graces was. The main architect was Guiniforte Solari, the convent was completed by 1469 while the church took more time. The new duke Ludovico Sforza decided to have the church as the Sforza family burial place and rebuild the cloister and the apse which were completed after 1490. Ludovico's wife Beatrice was buried in the church in 1497. The apse of the church is widely believed to be by Donato Bramante. However, there's no real evidence of the fact, but that Bramante lived in Milan at the time, and he is once quoted in the acts of the church (a marble delivery in 1494). He continued the gothic style from the first part, but mixed with romanic influence. The slightly excessive height of this apse has received some critics", "While touring some of Florence’s popular churches, visitors may want to check out the Basilica of Santa Croce, located southeast of the Duomo. Well-known Italians such as Michelangelo, Galileo and Machiavelli are buried here.", "Emma Regina died on 6 March 1052 at Winchester, England.[7],[2],[1] Emma Regina was buried in Winchester Cathedral, England.[2]", "Alaric died unexpectedly before he could leave Italy and was buried in a secret tomb with part of the fortune. For centuries treasure hunters have searched for his grave and the lost gold. This lively history describes how the invasion contributed to the fall of Rome and the rise of the Papacy. [hardcover; 256 pages; NPI Media Group; imprint: Sutton Publishing]", "While touring some of Florence’s popular churches, visitors may want to check out the Basilica of Santa Croce, located southeast of the Duomo. Well-known Italians such as Michelangelo, Galileo and Machiavelli are buried here. 960 1280", "The common belief that Mozart was buried in a pauper's grave is also without foundation. The \"common grave\" referred to above is a term for a grave belonging to a citizen not of the aristocracy. It was an individual grave, not a communal grave; but after ten years the city had the right to dig it up and use it for a later burial. The graves of the aristocracy were spared such treatment. ", "In 1616, at the age of fifty-two, this master-singer of the world, who, in De Quincey's phrase, was “a little lower than the angels,” died and was buried in the parish church at Stratford. Shakespeare knew that in the course of time graves were often opened and the bones thrown into the charnel house. The world is thankful that he deliberately planned to have his resting place remain unmolested. His grave was dug seventeen feet deep and over it was placed the following inscription, intended to frighten those who might think of moving his bones:—", "Bramante designed a tribune under the dome of the church, which should serve as tombs for Ludovico il Moro and his wife, Beatrice d'Este. Giving birth to the third child of Beatrice d'Este, she died very young and was buried in a lateral apse of the church. Ludovico il Moro died in exile in France after the French had occupied Milan.", "Another set of controversial theories surround the possibility that Edward did not really die in 1327. These theories typically involve the \" Fieschi Letter \", sent to Edward III by an Italian priest called Manuel Fieschi, who claimed that Edward escaped Berkeley Castle in 1327 with the help of a servant, and ultimately retired to become a hermit in the Holy Roman Empire . [332] The body buried at Gloucester Cathedral was said to be that of the porter of Berkeley Castle, killed by the assassins and presented by them to Isabella as Edward's corpse to avoid punishment. [333] The letter is often linked to an account of Edward III meeting with a man called William the Welshman in Antwerp in 1338, who claimed to be Edward II. [334]", "Beatrice was buried in the church of San Pietro in Montorio . For the people of Rome she became a symbol of resistance against the arrogant aristocracy and a legend arose: every year on the night before her death, she came back to the bridge carrying her severed head.", "Sforza ruled Milan successfully until his death in 1466, maintaining good relations with Florence and with France. From France he secured control of Genoa. In Milan he was careful to have his position, which he had gained by force, validated by an assembly of the people. His son and successor, Galeazzo Maria, was less fortunate. Though in some ways a good ruler, he showed tendencies toward absolutism, combined with such qualities as cruelty and extravagance. Three conspirators, inflamed by their study of the classics with a love for republican liberty, murdered him in church in 1476. The late duke left behind him an seven-year-old son, Gian Galeazzo, who became duke, and several brothers, one of whom was the famous Ludovico the Moor (an epithet which had nothing to do with his complexion). Ludovico was clever enough to be able to take over the real power in the state and to become, in fact though not in name, the ruler of Milan. He established one of the most brilliant of Renaissance courts, with Leonardo da Vinci and the great architect Bramante as its chief ornaments. He encouraged the University of Pavia, founded a college where Greek was taught, and fostered the prosperity of Milan by irrigation works.", " They do have a number of outstanding papal tombs in the church. Two of the Renaissance's most powerful popes, Leo X and Clement VII, along with the Great Inquisitor of Rome's Counter-Reformation, Pope Paul IV (he was responsible for confining Jews to ghettoes in Rome and other cities) are interred here along with the tomb of Dominican monk and renowned painter, Fra Angelica. Probably the most important tomb in the church is that of St. Catherine of Siena, who died nearby in 1380. Only her body is here, buried under the altar. Her head is in Siena. After the mass, they closed the church up until 4 o'clock.", "[ˈliːza del dʒoˈkondo] ; née Gherardini [ɡerarˈdiːni] ; June 15, 1479 – July 15, 1542), also known as Lisa Gherardini, Lisa di Antonio Maria (or Antonmaria) Gherardini and Mona Lisa, was a member of the Gherardini family of Florence and Tuscany in Italy . Her name was given to Mona Lisa , her portrait commissioned by her husband and painted by Leonardo da Vinci during the Italian Renaissance .", "Burial of noblewoman in Aspero: The way she was buried suggests she was of a high rank.", "It was unfortunate that Matilda died suddenly on May 1, 1118 at her favorite palace of Westminster. She was buried in Westminster Abbey. Almost immediately there were rumors of miracles at her tomb. In the years of turmoil over the English throne after Henry died, there was a campaign to stain the image of Matilda by saying she should never have married Henry due to the fact she took vows to be a nun. This cost her chance to become a saint like her mother.", "The queen's heart was buried in the Dominican priory at Blackfriars in London, along with that of her son Alphonso. The accounts of her executors show that the monument constructed there to commemorate her heart burial was richly elaborate, including wall paintings as well as an angelic statue in metal that apparently stood under a carved stone canopy. It was destroyed in the 16th century during the Dissolution of the Monasteries .", "Because of its supposed relation to freemasonry, commentators have identified the vengeful Queen of the Night with Maria Theresa, and Tamino with the Emperor. Pamina, Papageno, and Papagena are set down as types of the people, and Monostatos as the fugleman of monasticism.", "There are five UNESCO World Heritage Sites in Lombardy – Santa Maria della Grazie, the church where Leonardo da Vinci’s “The Last Supper” fresco is; the 19th-century company town of Crespi d’Adda; the Renaissance cities of Mantua and Sabbioneta; Monte San Giorgio on the border with Switzerland; the rock drawings of Valcamonica; and the Sacri Monti.", "One of the best preserved tombs along the Appian Way is the enormous tomb of Cecilia Metella. The tomb looks like a circular fortified tower, with a diameter of about 20 meters. It was originally built for the wife of one of Caesar's generals. In the 13th century it was used as a fortress and expanded with several annexes.", "*Cappella Colleoni (Colleoni chapel), annexed to Santa Maria Maggiore, is a masterwork of Renaissance architecture and decorative art. It contains the tomb of the condottiere Bartolomeo Colleoni.", "She died in Rome in 1380 and the people of Siena asked for her body to be returned home but were refused. Some of her devotees secretly dug up her body and severed her head, placing it in a bag.", "Visitors to Italy learn resignation. Most things remain “chiuso” (closed). Looking through the cemetery’s gates at marble tombstones under ghostly trees shivering in dusky breezes, I wondered: how can I fulfil my dream of filling the delicate ivory casket I carried with me from India, for the sole purpose of placing in it a pinch of earth from the poet’s grave?", "The Greyhound ( Veltro ) has been suggested to be Can Grande della Scala , born in Verona, between Feltro in Venetia and Monte feltro in Romagna, the great Ghibelline leader. Dante's later patron, he may have been regarded by Dante as the deliverer who would restore Imperial power, reinstitute Roman law, eliminate avarice, bring peace, and establish a reformed order of things.", "Instead, Lisa took up residence in Sant'Orsola, the convent where her youngest daughter Marietta had taken vows. Defying her husband's instructions, Lisa chose, upon her death at age 63 in 1542, to rest for eternity among nuns rather than in the family crypt. Forensic sleuths are attempting to identify her remains among several skeletons recently excavated from the convent ruins.", "Abbé Busoni - Another of Dantès’s false personas. The disguise of Abbé Busoni, an Italian priest, helps Dantès gain the trust of the people whom the count wants to manipulate because the name connotes religious authority.", "Calvi, dubbed \"God's banker\" because of his work with the Vatican, was found hanging from scaffolding beneath Blackfriars bridge in London on 18 June 1982. Bricks had been stuffed in his pockets and he had more than £10,000 in cash on him. In the months before his death he had been accused of stealing millions being laundered on behalf of the mafia.", "In the spring of 1944, thousands of people from nearby took advantage of the special legal status of Castel Gandolfo to seek refuge from Allied bombing raids. The territory of the neutral Vatican was considered inviolable and safe from attack. Even so, on the morning of February 10, a bomb dropped from a plane fell on the summer residence right when a crowd of people was gathering for the distribution of the daily milk ration. Over the following days, more than 500 corpses were dug out from beneath the wreckage." ]	[ -2.751953125, -2.8203125, -3.251953125, -3.982421875, -4.140625, -4.76171875, -5.34765625, -5.4140625, -5.48828125, -5.50390625, -5.8046875, -5.8671875, -6.04296875, -6.44921875, -6.609375, -6.64453125, -7.01953125, -7.07421875, -7.1171875, -7.703125, -7.80078125, -7.8359375, -7.95703125, -8.203125, -8.7265625, -9.0546875, -9.1328125, -9.2109375, -9.3984375, -9.8125, -10.109375, -10.171875 ]
In which month of the year did Bing Crosby record White Christmas?	[ "Trivia Answer: Bing Crosby who was born on this date in 1903. The Crosby House in Tumwater was Bing Crosby's grandfather's house. A multimedia star, from 1934 to 1954 Bing Crosby was a leader in record sales, radio ratings, and motion picture grosses. The biggest hit of Crosby's career was his recording of Irving Berlin's White Christmas, which he introduced through a radio broadcast during the 1942 Christmas season, and the movie Holiday Inn. Crosby's recording hit the charts on October 3, 1942, and rose to #1 on October 31, where it stayed for 11 weeks. A holiday perennial, the song was repeatedly re-released by Decca, charting another 16 times. It topped the charts again in 1945, and for a third time in January 1947. The song remains the best-selling single of all time. According to Guinness World Records, Crosby's recording of White Christmas has sold over 100 million copies around the world, with at least 50 million sales as singles. Crosby's recording was so popular that he was obliged to re-record it in 1947 using the same musicians and backup singers; the original 1942 master had become damaged due to its frequent use in pressing additional singles. Though the two versions are very similar, it is the 1947 recording which is most familiar today.", "More popular success followed in 1941 with the introduction of the biggest hit of Papa Bing 's career, \"White Christmas.\" Written by Irving Berlin for 1942's Holiday Inn (a film that featured a Berlin song for each major holiday of the year), the single was debuted on Bing 's radio show on Christmas Day, 1941. Recorded the following May and released in October, \"White Christmas\" stayed at number one for the rest of 1942. Reissued near Christmas for each of the next 20 years, it became the best-selling single of all time, with totals of over 30 million copies. It was a favorite for soldiers on the various USO tours Crosby attended during the war years, as was another holiday song, \"I'll Be Home for Christmas.\" Crosby 's popular success continued after the end of the war, and he remained the top box-office draw until 1948 (his fifth consecutive year at number one).", "The version of \"White Christmas\" most often heard today is not the original 1942 Crosby recording, as the master had become damaged due to frequent use. Crosby re-recorded the track on March 18, 1947, accompanied again by the Trotter Orchestra and the Darby Singers, with every effort made to reproduce the original recording session. There are subtle differences in the orchestration, most notably the addition of a celesta and flutes to brighten up the introduction.", "Crosby recorded a version of the song for release as a single with the Kim Darby Singers and the John Scott Trotter Orchestra on May 29, 1942 - a few months before the movie hit theaters. At the advice of Bing's record producer Jack Kapp, this original first verse was excised as it made no sense outside of the context of the film. Now starting with the familiar, \"I'm dreaming of a white Christmas,\" the song became a huge hit, going to #1 on the Billboard chart (measuring sales) in October, and staying in the top spot for 11 weeks, taking it through the first two weeks of 1943.", "I love this time of the year for the sheer amount you see and hear Bing Crosby. You hear him on the radio. You hear him at the malls, and you see him on television. At least once a week in December, one channel is showing either HOLIDAY INN or WHITE CHRISTMAS. It is a great time to be a Bing Crosby fan.", "A white Christmas refers to the presence of snow at Christmas; either Christmas Eve or Christmas Day depending on local tradition. This phenomenon is most common in the northern countries of the Northern Hemisphere. Because December is at the beginning of the Southern Hemisphere summer, white Christmases there are extremely rare, except in Antarctica, in the Southern Alps of New Zealand's South Island, and in parts of the Andes in South America. The Irving Berlin song, \"White Christmas\", sung by Bing Crosby from the film Holiday Inn, is the highest-selling Christmas single of all time and speaks nostalgically of a traditional white Christmas.", "White Christmas // Directed by Michael Curtiz Produced by Robert Emmett Dolan Written by Norman Krasna Norman Panama Melvin Frank Starring Bing Crosby Danny Kaye Rosemary Clooney Vera-Ellen Dean Jagger Mary Wickes Music by Irving Berlin Cinematography Loyal Griggs Editing by Frank Bracht Distributed by Paramount Pictures Release date(s) October 14, 1954", "White Christmas was intended to reunite Crosby and Fred Astaire for their third Irving Berlin showcase musical. Crosby and Astaire had previously co-starred in Holiday Inn (1942) – where the song 'White Christmas' first appeared – and Blue Skies (1946). Astaire declined the project after reading the script and asked to be released from his contract with Paramount. Crosby also left the project shortly thereafter, to spend more time with his sons after the death of his wife, Dixie Lee. Near the end of January 1953, Crosby returned to the project, and Donald O'Connor was signed to replace Astaire. Just before shooting was to begin, O'Connor had to drop out due to illness and was replaced by Danny Kaye, who asked for and received a salary of $200,000 and 10% of the gross. Financially, the film was a partnership between Crosby and Irving Berlin, who shared half the profits, and Paramount, which got the other half.", "For 15 years (1934, 1937, 1940, 1943–1954), Crosby was among the top 10 in box office draw, and for five of those years (1944–1949) he was the largest in the world. He sang four Academy Award-winning songs – \"Sweet Leilani\" (1937), \"White Christmas\" (1942), \"Swinging on a Star\" (1944), \"In the Cool, Cool, Cool of the Evening\" (1951) – and won the Academy Award for Best Actor for his role in Going My Way (1944).", "1943: The Bing Crosby/Andrews Sisters recordings of \"Jingle Bells\" and \"Santa Claus is Coming to Town\" are both very clearly heard on the living room radio (both recorded on September 27, 1943).", "Bing Crosby - The most successful singer of all time: 383 songs in the top 30, 41 of which were #1 hits. Bing's mellow baritone dominated the entire music world from 1931 to 1954. His greatest hit was White Christmas, the biggest selling record of all time, which held the number one spot for a total of 14 weeks. No other artist, not even Elvis Presley, comes close to Bing Crosby's level of popularity over the period of time during which he charted new songs or in terms of the total number of hit songs.", "When Whiteman again hit the road in 1930, the Rhythm Boys stayed behind on the West Coast. After Crosby hired his big brother Everett as a manager, he began recording consistently as a solo act with Brunswick Records in early 1931, and by year's end had chalked up several of the year's biggest hits, including \"Out of Nowhere,\" \"Just One More Chance,\" \"I Found a Million-Dollar Baby,\" and \"At Your Command.\" He appeared in three films that year, and in September began a popular CBS radio series. Its success was similarly unprecedented; in less than a year, the show was among the nation's most popular and earned Crosby a starring role in 1932's The Big Broadcast, which brought radio stars like Burns & Allen to the screen. By the midpoint of the decade, Crosby was among the top ten most popular film stars. His musical success had, if anything, gained momentum during the same time, producing some of the biggest hits of 1932-1934: \"Please,\" \"Brother, Can You Spare a Dime?,\" \"You're Getting to Be a Habit With Me,\" \"Little Dutch Mill,\" \"Love in Bloom,\" and \"June in January.\"", "Legend has it that after Irving Berlin wrote the song \" White Christmas, \" he told his secretary, \"Grab your pen and take down this song. I just wrote the best song I've ever written. Heck, I just wrote the best song that anybody's ever written!\" First written for the movie \"Holiday Inn,\" it became a classic after Bing Crosby sang it in the movie \"White Christmas\" in 1954. The Guinness World Records in 2007 \"concluded that, worldwide, Crosby's recording of 'White Christmas' has, in their estimation, sold at least 50 million copies, making Crosby's recording the best-selling single of all time.\" More evidence that Berlin's song was the \"best song ever written,\" \"White Christmas\" is the most-recorded Christmas song; there have been more than 500 recorded versions of the song in several different languages.\"", "Crosby was dismissive of his role in the song's success, saying later that \"a jackdaw with a cleft palate could have sung it successfully.\" But Crosby was associated with it for the rest of his career. Another Crosby vehicle — the 1954 musical White Christmas — was the highest-grossing film of 1954.", "In 1942, Christmas classic \" White Christmas \" by Bing Crosby was released which became the second biggest selling single in the world (30 million copies sold). It peaked at #5 in 1977 after Crosby's death and is believed to have sold a million copies (if it has, it has been the million seller taking the longest to achieve the millionth sale - a total of 33 years). It is incredibly likely to have sold a million copies, seeing as it is so popular and has clocked up high sales around the world, but with the inception of the singles chart happening 10 years after the release, we can never be sure. If this is excluded due to uncertainty, \"I Love You Because\" by Jim Reeves is the biggest selling single to peak at #5. Although total sales are hard to come by, it seems to be the only #5 to have exceeded 750,000 copies with such a high degree of certainty.", "\"White Christmas\" was introduced by Bing Crosby in the 1942 musical Holiday Inn . In the film, he sings a duet with Marjorie Reynolds. The song received the Academy Award for Best Original Song. Though Marjorie Reynolds was the actress playing Linda Mason, her voice was dubbed by Martha Mears for the movie, and in the script as originally conceived, Reynolds, not Crosby, was to sing the song.", "By 1954, this song was a holiday favorite, and that year Paramount Pictures released a movie called White Christmas to tie in with it. Crosby starred in the film along with Danny Kaye, and of course performed his famous song.", "\"White Christmas\" is a 1942 Irving Berlin song reminiscing about an old-fashioned Christmas setting. According to the Guinness World Records, the version sung by Bing Crosby is the best-selling single of all time, with estimated sales in excess of 100 million copies worldwide. Other versions of the song, along with Crosby's, have sold over 150 million copies.[http://img299.imageshack.us/img299/3315/guinness2007.pdf Guinness Book of Records, 2007 Edition, page 187] [http://img827.imageshack.us/img827/4387/guinness2009.pdf Guinness Book of Records, 2009 Edition, pages 14, 15 & 169]", "Bing's single of \"White Christmas\" sold more than 30 million copies worldwide and was recognized as the best-selling single in any music category for more than 50 years until 1998 when Elton John's tribute to Princess Diana, \"Candle in the Wind,\" overtook it in a matter of months. However, Bing's recording of \"White Christmas\" has sold additional millions of copies as part of numerous albums, including his best-selling album \"Merry Christmas\", which was first released as an L.P. in 1949.", "Crosby's \"White Christmas\" single has been credited with selling 50 million copies, the most by any release and therefore it is the biggest-selling single worldwide of all time. The Guinness Book of World Records 2009 Edition lists the song as a 100-million seller, encompassing all versions of the song, including albums. Crosby's holiday collection Merry Christmas was first released as an LP in 1949, and has never been out of print since.", "\"White Christmas\" is an Irving Berlin song reminiscing about an old-fashioned Christmas setting. According to the Guinness Book of World Records, the version sung by Bing Crosby is the best-selling single of all time, with estimated sales in excess of 50 million copies worldwide.", "The 1942 film Holiday Inn introduced \"White Christmas\", one of the most recorded songs in history. First sung in the film by Bing Crosby (along with Marjorie Reynolds), it has sold over 50 million records and stayed no. 1 on the pop and R&B charts for 10 weeks. Crosby's version is the best-selling single of all time. Music critic Stephen Holden credits this partly to the fact that \"the song also evokes a primal nostalgia—a pure childlike longing for roots, home and childhood—that goes way beyond the greeting imagery.\"", "Sung by Bing Crosby in his 1954 musical film \"White Christmas\" featuring the songs of Irving Berlin including White Christmas. Starring Bing Crosby himself and Danny Kaye.", "One of Crosby's films--Holiday Inn (1942)--provided him with his greatest success as a recording artist. The Irving Berlin song \"White Christmas,\" sung by Crosby in this film as the lament of a New Englander spending Christmas in snowless Southern California, struck a responsive chord during World War II when millions of soldiers were away from home during the holidays. Crosby's recording of that song has remained a best seller since then. It is estimated to be among the best selling singles ever recorded, having sold over 100 million copies. It has contributed to the fact that Crosby is among the greatest selling recording artists of all time. During his 51-year recording career Crosby recorded more than 1,600 songs and is estimated to have sold over 400 million records.", "* \"White Christmas\" recorded by The Drifters in 1954 features a snippet of \"Jingle Bells\" sung at the close of the song.", "In late 1926 Whiteman signed three candidates for his orchestra: Bing Crosby, Al Rinker, and Harry Barris. Whiteman billed the singing trio as The Rhythm Boys. Crosby's prominence in the Rhythm Boys helped launch his career as one of the most successful singers of the 20th century. Paul Robeson (1928) and Billie Holiday (1942) also recorded with the Paul Whiteman Orchestra.", "1943 - The Rhythm Boys, Bing Crosby, Al Rinker and Harry Barris, were reunited for the first time since the 1930s on Paul Whiteman Presents on NBC radio.", "1929 - Paul Whiteman and his orchestra backed Bing Crosby for the tune, Sposinï¿½, which ï¿½Der Bingleï¿½ recorded for Columbia Records.", "1932 – Bing Crosby and the Mills Brothers teamed up to record “ Shine ” for Brunswick Records.", ". 1937 ~ Bob Crosby and his orchestra recorded South Rampart Street Parade on Decca Records.", "The Bing Crosby Internet Museum explores in photos and text Paul Whiteman's role in Bing's career. Many of the Paul Whiteman Orchestra's early recordings featured Bing Crosby as a vocalist. From this site you can download one of these recordings.", "1969 - \"Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer\" by Gene Autry received a gold record. The song had been released 20 years earlier." ]	[ 4.66796875, 4.4921875, 4.2265625, 2.833984375, 2.14453125, 1.9990234375, 1.4892578125, 1.33203125, 0.319580078125, -0.716796875, -0.81494140625, -0.81591796875, -1.046875, -1.240234375, -1.3818359375, -1.8681640625, -2.45703125, -2.7109375, -2.736328125, -3.048828125, -3.158203125, -3.3515625, -3.380859375, -4.33984375, -4.6015625, -5.83203125, -6.41796875, -7.30859375, -7.7109375, -8.078125, -8.5859375, -10.3203125 ]
Which country does the airline Transkei Airways come from?	[ "Transkei represented a significant precedent and historic turning point in South Africa's policy of apartheid and \"separate development\"; it was the first of four territories to be declared independent of South Africa. Throughout its existence, it remained an internationally unrecognised, diplomatically isolated, politically unstable de facto one-party state, which at one point broke relations with South Africa, the only country that acknowledged it as a legal entity. In 1994, it was reintegrated into its larger neighbour and became part of the Eastern Cape province.", "Stamp-issuing status: inactive. One of South Africa's so-called Bantustans or Bantu homelands, a scattering of nominally semi-autonomous states for otherwise disenfranchised black South Africans located on the sites of reserves set up under the policies of the white-run apartheid government prior to World War II. Transkei was the largest and most populous of these, consisting of a large tract of coastal territory on the Indian Ocean between Durban and East London and a number of smaller disjointed tracts nearby. Although not accorded international recognition as a sovereign state, Transkei's stamps were generally accepted on international mail. Transkei ceased to exist April 27, 1994.", "Transkei former republic (though never internationally recognized as such) and Bantustan in Southern Africa. It lay along the Indian Ocean and was surrounded mainly by the Republic of South Africa, though to the north it also touched Lesotho. Transkei consisted...", "31 January, The government's proposals for self-government for the Transkei are submitted to the committee of twenty-seven chiefs and headmen appointed by the Transkeian Territory Authority to press its claims.South Africa signs treaty with Luxemburg relating to air services.", "The black states of Transkei and Ciskei within the province were declared “independent” by the South African government in 1976 and 1981, respectively. These administrative creations of the apartheid system were dissolved in 1994, however, and were reincorporated back into South Africa. At that time the Cape Province was split up into three new provinces— Western Cape , Eastern Cape , and Northern Cape —with part also joining the new North-West province.", "20 August, The Transkei Chief Minister, Chief Kaiser Matanzima, tells an election rally in the Umzimkulu District that the Transkei has been given self-government so that people can rule themselves according to their customs. He promises that European-owned farms will soon be bought by the South African government and distributed to the people.", "Lesotho (; ), officially the Kingdom of Lesotho (), is an enclaved, landlocked country in southern Africa completely surrounded by South Africa. It is just over 30000 km² in size and has a population slightly over two million. Its capital and largest city is Maseru. Lesotho is a member of the United Nations, the Commonwealth of Nations and the Southern African Development Community (SADC). The name Lesotho translates roughly into the land of the people who speak Sesotho. About 40% of the population lives below the international poverty line of US $1.25 a day. ", "* 22–23 September 2011: Mike Blyth and Jean d'Assonville flew a Sling 4 prototype Light Sport Aircraft, registration ZU-TAF, non-stop from Cabo Frio International Airport, Brazil to Cape Town International Airport, South Africa, a distance of 6,222 km, in 27 hours. The crew set course for co-ordinates 34°S 31°W to take advantage of the westerly winds and at the turning point proceeded in an easterly direction, roughly following the 35°S parallel. This took them within 140 km north of the most remote inhabited island in the world, Tristan da Cunha. The Cabo Frio/Cape Town leg was part of an around the world flight. ", "* April 20 – South African Airways Flight 228, a Boeing 707, crashes just after takeoff from Strijdom International Airport, Windhoek, South West Africa (now Namibia), due to pilot error; of the 128 on board, only 5 survive.", "SAA operates to quite a few European airports and has many flights to South Africa and other African destinations. When coming from South Africa you can also use the no-frills airline Kulula.com [8] . KLM offers direct flights from Amsterdam to Harare or with a stopover in Lusaka/Nairobi. [9]", "O. R. Tambo International Airport (ORTIA) is a major international airport in Kempton Park, Ekurhuleni, Gauteng, South Africa, near the city of Johannesburg. It serves as the primary airport for domestic and international travel to/from South Africa and is Africa's busiest airport with a capacity to handle up to 28 million passengers annually with non-stop flights to all continents except Antarctica. The airport is the hub of South Africa's largest international and domestic carrier, South African Airways (SAA), and a number of smaller local airlines. The airport handled a total of 18 million passengers in 2014. ", "South African Airways is the clear number one airline on the African continent. It is the shining star that brings Africa to the world. South African has direct flights to five other continents and a great hub at Johannesburg Airport. South African is Africa’s world-class airline and you should expect what you’d expect from any world-class airline.", "Several international airlines serve Kinshasa (Ndjili) International Airport (FIH) in Kinshasa, including Kenya Airways, Air Zimbabwe, South African Airways, Ethiopian Airlines, Brussels Airlines, Air France and Turkish Airlines. As of June 2016 DR Congo has two national airlines, Congo Airways, formed with the help of Air France, and Air Kasaï. Both offer scheduled flights from Kinshasa to a limited number of cities inside DR Congo.", "One of the main air transport hubs of South Africa, the Tambo International Airport is located about 24 kilometers from the Johannesburg city center of South Africa. It serves almost 17 million passengers every year. The airport was formerly called the Johannesburg International Airport it was renamed in 2006 as the O.R. Tambo International Airport.", "SAA operates to quite a few European and African airports and has flights from Harare, Bulawayo, Victoria falls to Johannesburg South Africa . Air Botswana has flights from Harare and Victoria falls to Gaborone. Air Namibia has flights from Harare and Victoria falls to Windhoek. Malawian airlines has flights from Harare to Lilongwe.", "Prime minister Thomas Thabane briefly flees to South Africa in August 2014, alleging a military coup against him. South Africa becomes involved in mediating during the crisis, and elections are brought forward by almost two years in an effort to sort out the kingdom's fractious political state. Held in February 2015, the Democratic Congress (DC) party ousts Thabane's All Basotho Congress (ABC) party by uniting with smaller parties. After the election produces no clear winner, Pakalitha Mosisili heads the country's second consecutive coalition government.", "Flights from Johannesburg, South Africa, using Air Madagascar codeshared with SA Airlink [4] . Flights run 6 days a week.", "All the larger airports in South Africa used to be state owned, but have been privatised and are now managed by the Airports Company of South Africa . Durban International Airport is the third biggest airport. Regular Flights from and to: Blantyre , Cairo , Gaborone , Dar es Salaam , Harare , Lilongwe , Livingstone , Luanda , Lusaka , Kinshasa , Maputo , Manzini , Maun , Mauritius , Nairobi , Victoria Falls and Windhoek .", "State carrier Air Malawi claims to be \"Africa's Friendliest Airline\", but its limited network covers only nearby countries. They have flights from Blantyre to Lilongwe and back, 7 days a week. Three times a week they fly from both Lilongwe and Blantyre to Johannesburg (Su, W & F). Two times a week there is a flight to Dar es Salaam (Tanzania), from Blantyre and Lilongwe (sun, thu). Lusaka (Zambia) is three times a week (Su, W & F) and Harare (Zimbabwe) is also three times a week (Su, W & Sa).", "Mission Aviation [4] flies from the smaller Moeshoeshoe I airport just off Airport Road, 2km from central Maseru. They offer charter flights to amongst other places, Mokhotlong , Thaba-Tseka and Katse and are contactable on +266 2232 5699. Flights are fairly expensive, their little planes can be cramped, but they fly to most airstrips in Lesotho.", "Please notice: The Air Afrique we know today (operating 1961 – 2002) has nothing to do with the old company with the same name. The younger Air Afrique was a Pan-African airline, that was jointly owned by various West African countries. It was established as the official transnational carrier for francophone West and Central Africa, because many of these countries did not have the capability to create and maintain a national airline. It was headquartered in Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire. ", "Other African airlines serving Kinshasa-N'Djili are: Afriqiyah Airways (Tripoli); Air Mali (Douala, Bamako); Benin Gulf Air (Cotonou, Pointe-Noire); Camair-co (Douala); CAA (Entebbe); Ethiopian/ASKY (Brazzaville, Cotonou, Douala, Lagos, Lome); RwandAir (Kigali); TAAG Angola Airways (Luanda); Zambezi Airlines (Lusaka).", "There are daily flights between Dallas in Texas and Malabo. This is possibly the highest frequency of direct airline flights between the United States and Africa. These are commuter flights that bring drilling workers from Dallas.", "The majority of the population was Xhosa-speaking, and according to the Constitution of the Republic of Transkei, Xhosa was the sole official language, but laws had to be translated into Sotho and English in order for them to come into effect, and Afrikaans was permissible in court proceedings and for other administrative purposes. In addition, many thousands of northern Transkei residents spoke a small hybrid Nguni–Sotho language, called Phuthi. ", "Bloemfontein domestic airport is located amidst the main city hub. Regular flights connect the city with Cape Town, Johannesburg and other destinations in the country.", "Wimbi Dira Airways was once the second-largest carrier, but does not appear to be operating as of June 2012. Others that may or may not be operating are: Air Tropiques, Filair, Free Airlines, and Malift Air all operating out of Kinshasa-N'Dolo airport.", "Swift Air is a privately owned airline operating flights between Johannesburg, Blantyre and Lilongwe. It operates a Boeing 737 aircraft.", "Travelers fly to Bloemfontein Airport (BFN) on business, to visit family, to check out one of Bloemfontein's three universities and to enjoy local attractions including wildlife and museums. Known also as the City of Roses, its Sesotho name is Mangaung, which translates to \"place of Cheetahs.\"", "The international airport serving Johannesburg was known as Jan Smuts Airport from its construction in 1952 until 1994. In 1994, it was renamed to Johannesburg International Airport to remove any political connotations. In 2006, it was renamed again to its current name, OR Tambo International Airport, for the ANC politician Oliver Tambo. ", "Three companies, TransMagnific , Skyworld and Landmark Shuttles run Luxury minibus services between Mbabane and Johannesburg (OR Tambo International Airport and Sandton). Depending on the company, there are 1-3 services a day in each direction with journey times around 5 hours. Fares are from R450 one-way and R950 return. TransMagnific and Skyworld are also now starting to offer services to and from Durban and Nelspruit on certain days of the week.", "Main Airport: Oliver R. Tambo International Airport (formerly Johannesburg International Airport (JIA) and prior to that Jan Smuts International) located 22km from Johannesburg", "The airport was founded in 1952 as \"Jan Smuts Airport\", two years after his death, near the town of Kempton Park on the East Rand. It displaced the \"Palmietfontein International Airport\", which had handled European flights since 1945." ]	[ 0.65576171875, -0.11492919921875, -0.141845703125, -0.401123046875, -1.30078125, -2.826171875, -3.22265625, -3.703125, -4.390625, -4.4140625, -4.4140625, -4.46875, -4.55859375, -4.6484375, -4.8125, -4.98046875, -5.15234375, -5.19140625, -5.3515625, -5.97265625, -6.44140625, -6.53125, -7.95703125, -8.390625, -9.21875, -9.3125, -9.8828125, -10.34375, -10.3671875, -10.3828125, -10.4140625, -10.828125 ]
What was the last name of Judy in radio's A Date With Judy series?	[ "As the popularity of the radio series peaked, Jane Powell starred as Judy in the 1948 Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer movie A Date with Judy. Wallace Beery, Elizabeth Taylor, Robert Stack, and Carmen Miranda also headed the cast.", "A Date with Judy is a comedy radio series aimed at a teenage audience which ran from 1941 to 1950. ", "Grant & Shirley Pyle Marva Rae Rick & Carol Randall Tony Raney Bruce Rapport & Karen Mondragon Sue Rauzy Armin & Beth Ray Barbara Ray Mr. & Mrs. Charles Rennau Roger & Judi Reynolds Ed & Joanne Rice Terry & Angela Richardson Steve & Caroline Roberts Eugene & Helen Robles Evelyn C. Rogers Kenneth Rogers Richard Rogers Roseann & Edward Roman Arlene Rose Drs. Mitch & Jill Ruffman Mr. & Mrs. Rutherford Lucille & Jim Rybka Verjoyce & Mike Salmon Jeanne Schafer Fred & Colene Schlaepfer Allen Schmeltz Ellery & Nancy Schwartz Mary Sessarego Jon & Maureen Sharpe Keith & Tracy Shields Maureen & Ken Sherer Susan & Larry Sheridan Tim & Michelle Shestek Consuelo Sichon Helene & Harry Sinclair Jane Smith & Dave Du Val Karen A. Smith Roger & Barbara Smith Judy Sohl Beverly D. Sorrell", "Whoopi Goldberg (born Caryn Elaine Johnson, November 13, 1955), is an American actress, comedian and radio DJ. Goldberg is one of only ten individuals who have won an Emmy, a Grammy, an Oscar, and a Tony Award, counting Daytime Emmy Awards. She is the second African American female performer to win an Academy Award for acting (the first being Hattie McDaniel); she has also won two Golden Globe Awards. Whoopi Goldberg was born on November 13, 1955 in New York City. Later in life, a DNA test would trace her ancestry to the Papel and Bayote peoples of Guinea-Bissau. Her stage name was taken from \"whoopie cushion\", which she initially wanted as her name, but chose the last moniker of Goldberg after her mother pointed out that her initial name pick was not Jewish enough to make her ric...", "Judy Garland's real last name is a crossword puzzle clue that we have spotted 3 times. There are related clues (shown below).", "Esther Pauline \"Eppie\" Lederer (nÃ©e Friedman) (July 4, 1918 â June 22, 2002), better known by the pseudonym Ann Landers, was an American advice columnist and eventually a nationwide media celebrity who began her career writing the 'Ask Ann Landers' column in 1955, soon after the death of its creator, Ruth Crowley. Lederer not only wrote the column for 47 years, but publicly assumed the 'Ann Landers' name. As 'Landers', Lederer became a profile-raiser for several medical charities, via both her columns and media appearances. Read Less", "At sixteen, Liza was on her own in New York City, struggling to begin her career in show business. Her first recognition came for the play \"Best Foot Forward\" which ran for seven months in 1963. A year later, Judy invited Liza to appear with her for a show at the London Paladium. This show sold out immediately and a second night was added to it. Liza's performance in London was a huge turning point in both her career and her relationship with her mother. The audience absolutely loved Liza and Judy realized that Liza was now an adult with her own career. It was at the Paladium that Liza met her first husband, Peter Allen , a friend of Judy's.", "At sixteen, Liza was on her own in New York City, struggling to begin her career in show business. Her first recognition came for the play \"Best Foot Forward\" which ran for seven months in 1963. A year later, Judy invited Liza to appear with her for a show at the London Paladium. This show sold out immediately and a second night was added to it. Liza's performance in London was a huge turning point in both her career and her relationship with her mother. The audience absolutely loved Liza and Judy realized that Liza was now an adult with her own career. It was at the Paladium that Liza met her first husband, Peter Allen, a friend of Judy's.", "Full name Judith Cynthia Aline Keppel, she was 'friends' with Jasper Carrot, the brummie comedian part director of Celador who made the show, and Judith's husband writing jokes for the brummie comedian in a professional capacity. Judith's million pound question was: 'Which king was married to Eleanor of Aquitaine? But, rather coincidentally, Judith had recently visited the very-and obscure- grave of Eleanor and got the question correct, something she could have rather innocently bought up at a dinner party with her husbands friends, even Tarrant shocked she went for it risking the whole half-a-million. I don't believe she was in on any possible fix but the excellent film 'Quiz Show', starring Ralph Fiennes documents the very same scenario from the earlier American version of the format from the 1950s, the $64,000 Dollar Question', as equally big back then, the production team feeding him the answers to maximize the audience.", "Cary Grant vaguely recalled that at a party he attended, someone introduced Judy Garland by saying, \"Judy, Judy, Judy\" and the phrase was attributed to him. A 1960 New Yorker ad for several Judy Garland albums (\"Judy! Judy! Judy!\") reinforced the incorrect quote.", "In 1943, Judy began her own radio program, \"The Judy Canova Show\", which would run for 12 years - first on CBS and later on NBC. Playing pretty much herself, she was backed by a fine array of radio talent including vocal icon Mel Blanc , Ruby Dandridge (Dorothy's mother), Joseph Kearns (Mr. Wilson of TV's Dennis the Menace), Gale Gordon (Mr. Mooney of \"The Lucy Show\"), Sheldon Leonard and Hans Conried (both from \"The Danny Thomas Show\"). Dubbed \"The Ozark Nightingale\", Judy's pigtails-and-calico fad was huge on WWII-era college campuses across the country. A patriotic Judy would typically close her radio show with the song \"Goodnight, Soldier\" while selling U.S. War Bonds. She also made frequent appearances on other popular radio programs of the day, including Bud Abbott and Lou Costello and Fred Allen 's shows.", "Married four times, daughter, Diana Canova , from her last marriage (1950-1964) to musician and radio/talk show host Filberto Rivero, became an actor in her own right and popular ensemble member of the popular sitcom Soap . In 1983, Judy died from cancer at age 69 and was buried in Forest Lawn Memorial Park Cemetery in Glendale, California. The beloved Judy has been honored with two stars on the Hollywood Walk of Fame for her contributions to both film and radio.", "The sitcom had numerous guest star appearances, including Stevie Wonder, Willie Colon, Plácido Domingo, Tony Orlando, Dizzy Gillespie, B.B. King, Danny Kaye and Frank Robinson. Additionally, many actors had the show as their launching pad to success. Examples include Raven Symone, Angela Bassett, and Adam Sandler among others. John Ritter guest starred on an episode with Amy Yasbeck, whom he soon started a relationship with and married eight years later, and Sammy Davis Jr appeared in an episode in 1989 playing a soon to be great-grandfather who does not know how to read. It was one of the last television appearances of Davis (he would die the next year).", "Judy Sheindlin was born on October 21, 1942 in Brooklyn, New York, USA as Judith Blum. She is a writer, known for Judge Judy (1996), Judge Judy: Justice Served (2007) and CHiPs '99 (1998). She was previously married to Jerry Sheindlin and Ronald Levy.", "Tommy Handley died suddenly on 9 January 1949; the BBC decided that he was \"so much the keystone and embodiment of the actual performance\" of ITMA, that they cancelled the show immediately. [42] Jacques later remarked that Handley was \"one of the greatest radio performers we have ever known. I learned ... so much from him\". [27] Later that year Le Mesurier divorced his wife; shortly after the divorce came through, Jacques proposed to him, asking, \"don't you think it's about time we got married?\" [43] The couple wed on 10 November that year, at Kensington Registrar's Office. [44] [45] After a week's honeymoon in Southsea , [43] she returned to the Players' where she was engaged to appear as Marrygolda in the Christmas pantomime Beauty and the Beast . [46]", "Off-camera, Sandy lived for over a decade with jazz musician and saxophonist Gerry Mulligan , which began in 1965 following his devoted relationship with actress Judy Holliday who had died of cancer earlier in the year. They eventually parted ways in 1976. Rumors that they had married at some point were eventually negated by Sandy herself. Sandy also went on to have a May-December relationship with the equally quirky actor Eric Roberts from 1980 to 1985. She had no children.", "In early 1969, Ray befriended Judy Garland , performing as her opening act during her last concerts in Copenhagen, Denmark and Malmö , Sweden. Ray was also the best man during Garland’s wedding to nightclub manager Mickey Deans in London.", "Buckley made her Broadway debut in 1969 in the musical 1776; she has been called \"The Voice of Broadway\" by New York magazine. Her rendition of \"Memory\" in Andrew Lloyd Webber's Cats established her reputation. She is perhaps best known for the 1977ï¿½81 TV show Eight is Enough. She joined the show in its second season when the original star, Diana Hyland, died after the first four episodes of season one. Hyland's character (Joan Bradford) died, and Buckley was cast as the widower's new romantic interest, Sandra Sue Abbott (nicknamed Abby), who would become stepmother of the eight children to which the series' title refers. Buckley was married in 1972, divorced in 1979, and has no children. She lives on a ranch in Texas and participates in NCHA cutting horse competitions while continuing to appear in films, television and theater and to sing concerts in a wide variety of venues.", "In the autumn of 1935, a phone call from Rosen summoned Judy to Culver City for an audition. Ethel was out and Frank took Judy as she was, dressed in slacks and sneakers.", "On the TV/film front, Frank showed up in stalwart character form on a number of daytime soaps during the 1980s (\"One Life to Live\") and the 1990s (\"As the World Turns\", \"All My Children\"). A return to series TV with The Family Tree and Dolphin Cove were again very short-lived. More recently he showed up on stage as Doc Gibb in \"Our Town\", which starred Paul Newman and was later televised, and has been a guest star on such shows as \"Law & Order\". He has been married to his third wife, Tony-nominated stage actress Maureen Anderman , since 1982. They have two children along with his two children from a previous marriage.", "Len Dresslar, born 1925, provided the voice of the Jolly Green giant in television commercials, saying only \"Ho, ho, ho.\" Dresslar was also a successful as a jazz and popular music singer in Chicago entertainment circles. Despite being over 6ft (1.82m) tall, Dresslar never portrayed the Giant in TV commercials. The figure viewers saw on screen was Keith R. Wegeman, an Olympic ski jumper and father of soap opera actress Katherine Kelly Lang from The Bold and the Beautiful.", "Garland was a frequent guest on Kraft Music Hall, hosted by her friend Bing Crosby. Following Garland's second suicide attempt, Crosby, knowing she was depressed and running out of money, invited her on to his radio show – the first of the new season, on October 11, 1950.", "The final radio series, At Home with Hinge and Bracket, had the format of informal musical evenings with a celebrity guest, and ran for a single season in 1990. Guests included Anthony Newley, Rosalind Plowright, Benjamin Luxon, June Whitfield, Evelyn Laye and Jack Brymer.", "On October 22, 1944, at age 25, Barry married Betty Claire Kalb (February 12, 1923 – January 31, 2003), whom he met on the set of Catherine Was Great. Kalb was an actress known by the stage name Julie Carson.", "Whether the extremely photogenic Jill had talent (and she did!) or not never seemed to be a fundamental issue with casting agents. By the late 1960s she had matured into a classy, ravishing redhead equipped with a knockout figure and sly, suggestive one-liners that had her male co-stars (and audiences) panting for more. She skillfully traded sexy quips with Anthony Franciosa in the engaging TV pilot to the hit series The Name of the Game (1968) and scored a major coup as tantalizing \"Bond girl\" Tiffany Case in Diamonds Are Forever (1971) opposite Sean Connery 's popular \"007\" character. She also co-starred with Bob Hope in the dismal Eight on the Lam (1967), but the connection allowed her to be included in a number of the comedian's NBC specials over the years. A part of Frank Sinatra 's \"in\" crowd, she co-starred with him in both Come Blow Your Horn (1963) and Tony Rome (1967).", " 1962 The Judy Garland Show (TV Special) (performer: \"You Must Have Been a Beautiful Baby\", \"The One I Love (Belongs to Somebody Else)\", \"'Let There Be Love / You're Nobody Til Somebody Loves You'\")", "Some people also credit Nichols with participating in the first interracial kiss on American network television, which she reportedly engaged in with Shatner on Star Trek in 1968. Others say the first such kiss occurred in December 1967 on Movin' with Nancy, a TV special featuring Nancy Sinatra, the daughter of Frank Sinatra, when she and Sammy Davis Jr. touched lips. ", "producer: Dating Game, Newlywed Game, Threeï¿½s a Crowd; producer/host: The Gong Show; songwriter: Palisades Park; novelist: You and Me, Babe", "After graduating with a degree in speech and drama, he married Margaret Helen in 1956, and they moved to Dallas, Texas. His acting career took off when he worked as a mid-day disc jockey on WFAA in Dallas. He also occasionally appeared on WFAA-TV Channel 8, playing Creech, an outer space creature on the \"Dialing for Dollars\" segments on Ed Hogan's afternoon movies. He gave an in-studio report from WFAA radio station on the day John F. Kennedy was assassinated, and was among the first to interview eyewitnesses W.E. Newman, Jr. and Gayle Newman. ", "In 1948 Lee joined Perry Como and Jo Stafford as a rotating host of the NBC Radio musical program The Chesterfield Supper Club. She was also a regular on NBC's Jimmy Durante Show and appeared frequently on Bing Crosby's radio shows throughout the late 1940s and early 1950s.", "He guest starred on various television series including The Doris Day Show The Martha Raye Show, Schlitz Playhouse of Stars, Bob Hope Presents the Chrysler Theatre, Alfred Hitchcock Presents, The Wild Wild West, The Virginian, Bewitched, The Patty Duke Show , The Love Boat, Fantasy Island and The Bob Cummings Show. Besides guest spots, he also guest-starred on variety shows such as The Judy Garland Show and Rowan & Martin's Laugh-In, and game shows What's My Line?, Password and Pyramid.", "Was the first female stand-up guest to be called to the \"hot seat\" on her first guest appearance on The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson (1962)." ]	[ -0.035552978515625, -0.420166015625, -0.7763671875, -1.77734375, -2.31640625, -2.486328125, -2.91796875, -2.939453125, -3.125, -3.677734375, -3.876953125, -4.1484375, -4.35546875, -4.68359375, -5.31640625, -5.4609375, -5.56640625, -5.66796875, -5.75390625, -6.62890625, -6.91796875, -7.41796875, -7.4375, -7.71875, -7.79296875, -8.4375, -8.5546875, -8.9609375, -9.0234375, -9.25, -9.3359375, -10.6484375 ]
Which hit starting with the word Rock took over NO 1 from Rock The Boat?	[ "The Hues Corporation's 1974 \"Rock the Boat\", a U.S. #1 single and million-seller, was one of the early disco songs to hit #1. The same year saw the release of \"Kung Fu Fighting\", performed by Carl Douglas and produced by Biddu, which reached #1 in both the U.K. and U.S., and became the best-selling single of the year and one of the best-selling singles of all time with eleven million records sold worldwide, helping to popularize disco music to a great extent. Other chart-topping disco hits that year included \"Rock Your Baby\" by George McCrae.", "Richard Finch of KC and the Sunshine Band has said that \"Rock The Boat\" played a partial role in inspiring the hit \"Rock Your Baby\". The song was also featured in the 1993 film Carlito's Way, the 1996 film The Cable Guy, the 1999 film Man on the Moon, the HBO series The Sopranos (Season 2, episode 5, Big Girls Don't Cry), commercial for M&M's, and (sung in character by Seth MacFarlane as Glenn Quagmire, Patrick Warburton as Joe Swanson, and Mike Henry as Cleveland Brown) the Family Guy episode A Very Special Family Guy Freakin' Christmas.The song appeared in the 1997 movie The Devil's Own with Harrison Ford and Brad Pitt, and a short extract of the refrain (\"Love is a ship on the ocean..\") in the 2015 movie The Martian directed by Ridley Scott and starring Matt Damon.", "Initially, \"Rock the Boat\" appeared as though it would flop, as months went by without any radio airplay or sales activity. Not until the song became a disco/club favorite in New York did Top 40 radio finally pick up on the song, leading the record to finally enter the Hot 100 and zip up the chart to #1 the week of July 6, 1974, in only its seventh week on the chart (and fourth week in the Top 40). The record also reached the top 10 in the United Kingdom (number 6). \"Rock the Boat\" is considered one of the earliest disco songs. Some authorities proclaim it to be the first disco song to hit #1, while others give that distinction to \"Love's Theme\" by Love Unlimited Orchestra, a chart-topper from earlier in 1974. The song became a gold record. It is a heavy airplay favorite on oldie and adult-contemporary stations today.", "1947, Ann Kelly, The Hues Corporation, (1974, US No.1 & UK No.6 single ‘Rock The Boat’).", "According to the Oxford English Dictionary, an early use of the word \"rock\" in describing a style of music was in a review in Metronome magazine on July 21, 1938, which stated that \"Harry James' \"Lullaby in Rhythm\" really rocks.\" In 1939, a review of \"Ciribiribin\" and \"Yodelin' Jive\" by the Andrews Sisters with Bing Crosby, in the journal The Musician, stated that the songs \"... rock and roll with unleashed enthusiasm tempered to strict four-four time\". ", "They are well known for their close vocal harmonies and sometimes unstable relationship. Their last album, Bridge over Troubled Water, was delayed several times due to artistic disagreements. They were among the most popular recording artists of the 1960s; among their biggest hits, in addition to \"The Sound of Silence\", were \"I Am a Rock\", \"Homeward Bound\", \"A Hazy Shade of Winter\", \"Mrs. Robinson\", \"Bridge over Troubled Water\", \"The Boxer\", \"Cecilia\", and \"Scarborough Fair/Canticle\". They have received several Grammys and are inductees in the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and the Long Island Music Hall of Fame (2007). They have reunited on several occasions since their 1970 breakup, most famously for 1981's The Concert in Central Park, which attracted about 500,000 people.", "2. Bob Dylan: \"Like a Rolling Stone.\" The biggest and hardest-rocking hit by folk-rock's most noted (and covered) songwriter.", "Bill Haley's biggest hit didn't sell when it was first issued in 1954 as the b-side of \"Thirteen Women (And Only One Man In Town)\". \"Rock Around The Clock\" was re-released as the a-side the following year, however, after it was used on the soundtrack of Blackboard Jungle, a movie about high school juvenile delinquents. It became the first rock and roll song ever to reach # 1 in the summer of 1955. \"Rock Around The Clock\" also had the distinction of becoming a Top 40 hit again in 1974 due to its use as the original opening theme of TV's Happy Days. ", "This Day in Rock... 1934 â Brian Epstein, the Beatlesâ future manager, is born in Liverpool, England. 1940 â Singer Bill Medley of pop duo the Righteous Brothers is born in Santa Anna , Calif. 1941 â Cass Elliot of the Mamas & the Papas is born in Baltimore. 1958 â Rock siren Lita Ford (âKiss Me Deadlyâ) is born in London this day in rock! 1958 â Bye bye, Elvis. The Memphis Flash leaves Brooklyn, N.Y.âs naval base as a young soldier to be stationed in Germany. 1964 â John Lennon gives his permission for his drawing titled âThe Fat Budgieâ to be printed up on Christmas cards. 1964 â Marianne Faithfull goes to No. 9 in the U.K. with the Jagger/Richards composition âAs Tears Go By.â 1966 â John Lennon flies to Spain to shoot the Richard Lester film How I Won the War. 1968 â In the studio, recording starts on the Beatles song âPiggies.â 1970 â Neil Youngâs After the Gold Rush album enters the charts. 1970 â The Rolling Stonesâ Get Yer Ya Yaâs Out, the live album ...", "800,000 copies arrived in stores on Tuesday, March 7th 1985. There were sold out by the first weekend. It entered the Billboard Hot 100 on March 23rd, at number 21. At the time it was the highest debuting single since John Lennon's \"Imagine\" and was number one in three weeks, which at the time was the fastest rising chart-topper since Elton John's \"Island Girl\" in 1975. It was the eighth consecutive year the Lionel Ritchie had written a number one song. It won Grammys in 1985 for Song of the Year and Record of the Year.", "The Tide is High by Blondie becomes the No. 1 U.S. single replacing John Lennon's Just Like Starting Over .", "1966: Simon And Garfunkel’s ‘I Am a Rock’ enters the Hot 100. During its eleven week chart run, it peaks at #3.", "Today marks the anniversary of the birth in 1943 of Mr. Randy Bachman in Winnipeg. His Canadian combo narrowly failed to achieve a UK Number One with the ultimate, timeless rock anthem, 'You Ain't Seen Nothing Yet'. The favourite song of spoof disc jockeys Smashy and Nicey contains amusing lyrics (written by Bachman himself) and features the kind of guitar chords that render it a must-have for any self-respecting music collector. There weren't many better tunes than this American chart-topper in the rocking 'seventies.", "No. 3 and No. 4 on the list are unique in that, despite making up the title of the songs, the lyrics still are misquoted. The Clash’s 1982 hit \"Rock The Casbah\" is commonly mistaken as “Rock the cat box,\" while Elton John’s \"Tiny Dancer,\" though released in 1972 -- years before the sitcom Who's the Boss made it to network television -- is heard by some as “Hold me closer, Tony Danza.\" ", "We Will Rock You\" is a song written by Brian May and recorded and performed by Queen for their 1977 album News of the World . Rolling Stone ranked it number 330 of \" The 500 Greatest Songs of All Time \" in 2004, and the RIAA placed it at number 146 on its list of Songs of the Century . In 2009, \"We Will Rock You\" was inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame .", "• 2015 ~ Frankie Ford, rock and roll and rhythm and blues singer whose 1959 hit Sea Cruise brought him international fame, died at the age of 76.", "One of rock's greatest classics - in fact, the world's most recorded rock song with over 1,600 versions. Written by Richard Berry, who sold the rights to it for $750 in 1959, it was inspired by Chuck Berry's \"Havana Moon\".", "In 1956, when this song rocked the jukeboxes, it was up against the initial songs that began to establish rock and roll as a major genre, and it battled artists as popular as Elvis Presley and Pat Boone for top status on the charts. In sheet music sales, it was #1. On the jukeboxes across the country, it was by far the most popular song of 1956, and of course, it also won the Oscar.", "We Want A Rock - References the 1967 song \"If I Were a Carpenter\" by Tim Hardin, which was famously covered by many artists including Johnny Cash.", "In 2008, Faith's original version was ranked at #18 on Billboard's top 100 songs during the first 50 years of the Hot 100 chart. The Billboard Book of Number One Hits called it \"the most successful instrumental single of the rock era.\"", "The song's bluesy rock riffs and danceable beat made it an instant hit upon release in the spring of '71. It would go on to become a staple tune of classic rock radio.", "Rock music is a genre of popular music that originated as “ rock and roll ” in the United States in the 1950s, and developed into a range of different styles in the 1960s and later, particularly in the United Kingdom and the United States. It has its roots in 1940s’ and 1950s’ rock and roll, itself heavily influenced by rhythm and blues and country music . Rock music also drew strongly on a number of other genres such as blues and folk , and incorporated influences from jazz , classical and other musical sources.", "January 22 (4 weeks) Mud - Tiger Feet: First Number One song for the very popular Glam Rockers and the biggest selling track of the year.", "* \"I Knew the Bride (When She Used to Rock ’n’ Roll)\" – a hit for Rockpile bandmate Dave Edmunds", "#1 for 3 weeks in 1964, this is probably the best-known Wedding Song of the early rock era.", "So did rock and roll kill off American Popular Song as so many are prone to claim? The answer is no, it simply re-directed it. It would take another five years before a true rock and roll song would top the annual chart. Of the 40 songs on the list at left, only 15 of them might be considered rock and roll crossovers. But the influence is there; up and comers like Connie Francis and Jimmie Rodgers would never be mistaken for rock and rollers, but they certainly had more of a rock sound than Doris Day or Frank Sinatra in '58.", "› The Rolling Stones - Star Star. Despite the title being changed, the words star fucker (repeated dozens of times) could still be herd in the chorus! - 1973", "* 1974: The Sly and the Family Stone song \"Loose Booty\", featuring the three brothers' names as its central hook", "* Like a Rock (1991–2004; Chevrolet Trucks) Featuring the Bob Seger song of the same name", " The record gave Richard the distinction of becoming the first act to reach the Hot 100's top 40 in the 1980s who had also been there in each of the three previous decades. The song was quickly added onto the end of his latest album Rock 'n' Roll Juvenile. HP Pavilion dv2-1009ax Keyboard", "Rock 'n' Roll love song that the British girl covered and then won the chart battle.", "Morning Trivia: On this date in 1954, the song credited with being the first rock and roll record to reach number one on the Billboard charts was released. Can you name the song?" ]	[ 1.1064453125, 1.041015625, 0.69384765625, -0.1685791015625, -1.6728515625, -2.181640625, -2.87109375, -3.3671875, -3.560546875, -3.603515625, -3.623046875, -3.970703125, -4.015625, -4.07421875, -4.7890625, -5.015625, -5.02734375, -5.39453125, -5.6875, -5.71484375, -6.06640625, -6.078125, -6.0859375, -6.2734375, -6.8828125, -6.91796875, -7.21484375, -7.21875, -7.234375, -7.33984375, -7.5703125, -8.421875 ]
In the 1940s, the University of North Carolina was founded at Charlotte and where else?	[ "During the Depression, the North Carolina General Assembly searched for cost savings within state government. Towards this effort in 1931, it redefined the University of North Carolina, which at the time referred exclusively to the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; the new Consolidated University of North Carolina was created to include the existing campuses of University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina State University, and the University of North Carolina at Greensboro. The three campuses came under the leadership of just one board and one president. By 1969, three additional campuses had joined the Consolidated University through legislative action: the University of North Carolina at Charlotte, the University of North Carolina at Asheville, and the University of North Carolina at Wilmington.", "The 1931 session of the General Assembly redefined the University of North Carolina to include three state-supported institutions: the campus at Chapel Hill (now the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill), North Carolina State College (now North Carolina State University at Raleigh), and Woman's College (now the University of North Carolina at Greensboro). The new multi-campus University operated with one board of trustees and one president. By 1969, three additional campuses had joined the University through legislative action: the University of North Carolina at Charlotte, the University of North Carolina at Asheville, and the University of North Carolina at Wilmington.", "UNC Charlotte is one of a generation of universities founded in metropolitan areas of the United States immediately after World War II in response to rising education demands generated by the war and its technology.", "Charlotte is the largest city in the state of North Carolina and the 20th largest city in the United States. Nicknamed the Queen City, Charlotte was named in honor of the German Princess Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, also known as Queen Charlotte of Mecklenburg when she became queen consort of King George III.", "The University of North Carolina at Charlotte is the largest institution of higher education in the Charlotte region and is a genuine urban university. The main campus is in University City, one of the fastest growing areas of the Charlotte region, located off WT Harris Boulevard on NC 49 near its intersection with US 29, and only eight miles from the interchange of Interstates 85 and 77. Campus facilities are comprised of contemporary buildings, including many constructed in the past ten years and more on the way. In addition to classrooms and well-equipped laboratories, the University offers arts and athletic facilities, dining facilities, and residence accommodations. The campus is designed for the pedestrian, and facilities are generally accessible to students with disabilities.", "UNC Charlotte is North Carolina's urban research university. It leverages its location in the state's largest city to offer internationally competitive programs of research and creative activity, exemplary undergraduate, graduate, and professional programs, and a focused set of community engagement initiatives. UNC Charlotte maintains a particular commitment to addressing the cultural, economic, educational, environmental, health, and social needs of the greater Charlotte region.", "The North Carolina Research Campus, a 350-acre biotechnology hub located northeast of Charlotte in the city of Kannapolis, is a public-private venture including eight universities, one community college, the David H. Murdock Research Institute (DHMRI), the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) and corporate entities that collaborate to advance the fields of human health, nutrition and agriculture. Partnering educational organizations include UNC Charlotte and Rowan-Cabarrus Community College, from the Charlotte region, as well as Appalachian State University, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Duke University, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, North Carolina A&T State University, North Carolina Central University and North Carolina State University. The research campus is part of a larger effort by leaders in the Charlotte-area to attract energy, health and other knowledge-based industries that contribute to North Carolina's strength in biotechnology.", "As of fall 2002, there were 447,335 students enrolled in college or graduate school; minority students comprised 28.5% of total postsecondary enrollment. In 2005 North Carolina had 130 degree-granting institutions. The University of North Carolina (UNC) was chartered in 1789 and opened at Chapel Hill in 1795. The state university system now embraces 16 campuses under a common board of governors. The three oldest and largest campuses, all of which offer research and graduate as well as undergraduate programs, are UNC-Chapel Hill, North Carolina State University in Raleigh (the first land-grant college for the study of agriculture and engineering), and UNC-Greensboro. North Carolina had 58 community colleges and 1 specialized technology center as of 2005.", "Always a firm believer that Charlotte needed a public university, Cone was determined to see one built in the Queen City. She helped turn the temporary veteran's center into a permanent two-year college. In 1963, she played a key role in convincing the North Carolina General Assembly to make Charlotte College a part of the University of North Carolina system. On July 1, 1965, Bonnie Cone stood beside Gov. Dan Moore to ring the bell announcing the official creation of the University of North Carolina at Charlotte.", "College sports are also popular in North Carolina, with 18 schools competing at the Division I level. The Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC) is headquartered in Greensboro, and both the ACC Football Championship Game (Charlotte) and the ACC Men's Basketball Tournament (Greensboro) were most recently held in North Carolina. College basketball in particular is very popular, buoyed by the Tobacco Road rivalries between Duke, North Carolina, North Carolina State, and Wake Forest. The ACC Championship Game and The Belk Bowl are held annually in Charlotte's Bank of America Stadium, featuring teams from the ACC and the Southeastern Conference. Additionally, the state has hosted the NCAA Men's Basketball Final Four on two occasions, in Greensboro in 1974 and in Charlotte in 1994.", "North Carolina has a rich educational history, having started the first state university in the United States, in 1795, and the first free system of common schools in the South in 1839. North Carolina led the nation in the construction of rural schools in the 1920s. In 1957, Charlotte, Greensboro, and Winston-Salem were the first cities in the South to admit black students voluntarily to formerly all-white schools. But, as was the case throughout the South, widespread desegregation took much longer. In 1971, the US Supreme Court, in the landmark decision Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education, upheld the use of busing to desegregate that school system. The remainder of the state soon followed suit.", "Within its seventeen campuses, UNC houses two medical schools and one teaching hospital, ten nursing programs, two schools of dentistry, and a school of pharmacy, as well as a two law schools, 15 schools of education, three schools of engineering, and a school for performing artists. The oldest university, the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, first admitted students in 1795. The smallest and newest member is the North Carolina School of Science and Mathematics, a residential two-year high school, founded in 1980 and a full member of the University since 2007. The largest university is North Carolina State University, with 34,340 students as of fall 2012.", "Since Charlotte is the largest city in North Carolina by a pretty wide margin, many people automatically assume that it's the state capital, or that it at least was at one point. That's not the case, though. That title currently belongs to the city of Raleigh, about 130 miles away. But Charlotte once was a capital, though - just not a state one.", "Chartered by the North Carolina General Assembly on December 11, 1789, the university's cornerstone was laid on October 12, 1793, near the ruins of a chapel, chosen because of its central location within the state. The first public university chartered under the US Constitution, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill is the oldest public university in the United States and the only such institution to confer degrees in the eighteenth century. ", "Charlotte is the largest city in the state of North Carolina. It is the county seat of Mecklenburg County and the second largest city in the southeastern United States, just behind Jacksonville, Florida. Charlotte is the third fastest growing major city in the United States. In 2014, the estimated population of Charlotte according to the U.S. Census Bureau was 809,958, making it the 17th largest city in the United States based on population. The Charlotte metropolitan area ranks 22nd largest in the US and had a 2014 population of 2,380,314. The Charlotte metropolitan area is part of a sixteen-county market region or combined statistical area with a 2014 U.S. Census population estimate of 2,537,990. Residents of Charlotte are referred to as \"Charlotteans\". It is listed as a \"gamma-plus\" global city by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network. ", "For those who are not interested in basketball or are unable to travel to North Carolina during basketball season the four universities offer art museums, library exhibits, lectures from leading intellectuals, arts/culture events and attractions ranging from the Morehead Planetarium to the Duke Gardens. Chapel Hill, the home of the University of North Carolina, is also notable for its downtown district (especially Franklin Street) and its music scene. Cat's Cradle in next-door Carrboro regularly hosts major \"indie\" acts such as Super Furry Animals, Neko Case, and Wolf Parade as well as local and regional acts.", "The College of Liberal Arts & Sciences is the oldest and largest college within the University. Cognizant of its history as the foundational college at UNC Charlotte, the College advances the discovery, dissemination, and application of knowledge in the traditional areas of liberal arts and sciences, and in emerging areas of study.", "108 John Nolen, \"Civic Survey, Charlotte, North Carolina: Report to the Chamber of Commerce\" (Cambridge, Massachusetts: typescript, 1917), oversized handcolored map. The only known surviving copy of this survey, a treasure trove of data on the city, is in John Nolen's papers at Cornell University in Ithaca, New York.", "The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill is a haven for nature-lovers thanks to its stunning botanical garden, which is spread across around 700 acres. There, students and visitors alike can bask in the surrounding beauty while enjoying the garden’s 14 collections – home to thousands of varieties of plant life, including some carnivorous species. Lovely architecture also graces the 729-acre campus proper, not least the famous Old Well, a neoclassical rotunda that is said to bestow good luck on all those who sip from its water fountain. The well was the brainchild of previous school registrar Eugene Lewis Harris and was completed in 1897. Moreover, it is now designated an American Society of Landscape Architects’ National Landmark for Outstanding Landscape Architecture. One of the earliest public tertiary schools to be founded in the U.S., the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill was set up in 1789.", "Bascom \"Barney\" Weaver Barnard established the Charlotte College Foundation and served as its first chair. His name features prominently in the early years of UNC Charlotte, and it adorns an 18,000 square-foot building completed in 1969, designed to serve as a facility for instruction and research.", "Raleigh is an early example in the United States of a planned city. It was chosen as the site of the state capital in 1788 and incorporated in 1792 as such. The city was originally laid out in a grid pattern with the North Carolina State Capitol in Union Square at the center. In the United States Civil War the city was spared from any significant battle, only falling in the closing days of the war, though it did not escape the economic hardships that plagued the rest of the American South during the Reconstruction Era. The twentieth century saw the opening of the Research Triangle Park in 1959, and with the jobs it created the region and city saw a large influx of population, making it one of the fastest growing communities in the United States by the early 21st century.", "Charlotte College drew students from the city, Mecklenburg County and from a dozen surrounding counties. The two-cent tax was later extended to all of Mecklenburg County. Ultimately financial support for the college became a responsibility of the State of North Carolina.", "Although the Charlotte Center was created to serve in an emergency situation, Denny believed that it would eventually provide more than a temporary opportunity for its students. She was right as the Charlotte Center became Charlotte College, one of the first two-year community colleges in North Carolina, in 1949.", "In 1947, the foundation stones for the new St Mary's College building on Elvet Hill were laid by the Princess Elizabeth (later Queen Elizabeth II). The new building opened in 1952. In the same year, tensions surfaced again over the Durham-Newcastle divide, with a proposal to change the name of the university to the \"University of Durham and Newcastle\". This motion was defeated in Convocation (the assembly of members of the university) by 135 votes to 129. Eleven years later, with the Universities of Durham and Newcastle upon Tyne Act 1963, King's College became the University of Newcastle upon Tyne, leaving Durham University based solely in its home city. ", "During the difficult 1930s of the Great Depression, government at all levels was integral to creating jobs. The city provided recreational and educational programs, and hired people for public works projects. In 1932, Raleigh Memorial Auditorium was dedicated. The North Carolina Symphony, founded the same year, performed in its new home. From 1934 to 1937, the federal Civilian Conservation Corps constructed the area now known as William B. Umstead State Park. In 1939, the State General Assembly chartered the Raleigh-Durham Aeronautical Authority to build a larger airport between Raleigh and Durham, with the first flight occurring in 1943.", "As important as the growing industries, the wholesalers, and the retailers were Charlotte's banks. They provided capital for new development not only in Charlotte but increasingly for the entire Piedmont. Many of the institutions that make Charlotte the banking center of the Carolinas today started during the boom following the 1893 depression. Charlotte National Bank, founded in 1897, grew by mergers to become part of the present Wachovia Bank and Trust Company. 97 Southern States Trust, founded in 1901 by real estate developers F. C. Abbott, George Stephens and Word Wood, is the basis for today's mammoth NCNB Corporation. 98 Present day First Union began in 1908 as Union National Bank. 99 In the period Charlotte's most successful capitalists moved easily from mill ownership to banking to real estate development and back again.", "As soon as Charlotte College was firmly established, efforts were launched to give it a campus of its own. With the backing of Charlotte business leaders and legislators from Mecklenburg and surrounding counties, land was acquired on the northern fringe of the city and bonds were passed to finance new facilities. In 1961, Charlotte College moved its growing student body into two new buildings on what was to become a 1,000-acre campus 10 miles from downtown Charlotte.", "Sally Dalton Robinson attended public schools in Charlotte, St. Mary's School in Raleigh and Duke University. She was a member of Phi Beta Kappa and earned a bachelor's degree in history. Among her many civic contributions, she served as an integral founding member of the Levine Museum of the New South and the St. Francis Jobs Program (now the BRIDGE Jobs Program). She also was on the board of the Charlotte Symphony, the Arts and Science Council, McColl Center for the Visual Arts as well as other religious, charitable and economic organizations.", "October 3, 1889: North Carolina College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts is opened with the donation of $8,000 from the City of Raleigh and land given by R. Stanhope Pullen. The college was later named North Carolina State University.", "The statement proved prophetic. Kennedy died on May 11, 1958, the eve of his installation as a trustee of Charlotte Community College. But his contribution was not forgotten. The trustees proposed that the first building on the new campus be named for him. The building was dedicated on Feb. 16, 1962.", "1834 Baptist State Convention of North Carolina establishes the Wake Forest Manual Labor Institute, today known as Wake Forest University", "Smith, vice president and general manager of the Douglas Aircraft Company's Charlotte Division, served as a trustee of Charlotte College from 1958 to 1965. He is credited with bringing an engineering program to the institution. Through his generosity, Douglas Aircraft Co. engineers taught at Charlotte College on a released time basis; as many as nine part-time instructors from Douglas were in service at one time." ]	[ 1.662109375, 1.4697265625, 0.277587890625, -0.779296875, -0.83349609375, -0.919921875, -1.2060546875, -1.78515625, -1.8037109375, -1.923828125, -2.236328125, -2.298828125, -2.349609375, -2.958984375, -3.0078125, -3.05078125, -3.244140625, -3.353515625, -3.8125, -4.08203125, -4.5859375, -4.7265625, -4.96875, -5.15234375, -5.375, -5.4609375, -5.96875, -7.3984375, -7.53515625, -7.609375, -8.109375, -8.6640625 ]
Which country was the first to make catalytic converters compulsory?	[ "Switzerland is the first country to bring into law catalytic converters must be fitted to private cars", "13. Miscellany - Famous Route 66 is officially decommissioned; Clive Sinclair launches the Sinclair C5 electric tricycle with a maximum speed of 15mph; Switzerland is the first country to bring into law catalytic converters (view spoiler) [A catalyic converter is a vehicle emissions control device which converts toxic byproducts of combustion in the exhaust of an internal combustion engine to less toxic substances by way of catalysed chemical reactions. (hide spoiler) ] must be fitted to private cars. Read a book with a car or motorcycle on the cover, a book with \"route\" in the title OR a book set in Switzerland.", "Although catalytic converters soon began to be introduced in American cars, it took almost 15 years before 'cats' were generally regarded as an acceptable emission treatment, and concerns about safety, capability and costs had to be overcome. Cars in Germany, Sweden and Switzerland were first fitted with catalytic converters in 1985, the year in which Walker became one of the very first companies selling catalytic converters in Europe", "In 1992 catalytic converters became compulsory on all new cars sold in Europe. The impact has been dramatic - in the UK alone, harmful road transport emissions have fallen by 45%. This figure is set to fall yet further as older cars are gradually replaced with newer ones which meet the higher EU emissions standards", "In 1968 the USA introduced the first restriction on vehicle emissions, followed, in 1971, by emission limits in Europe. Legislation has continued to be passed by governments around the world, setting stricter and stricter limits", "Since January 1993, all new cars sold in the European Union have been fitted with a catalytic converter. Most catalytic converters lead to a dramatic reduction in emissions of nitrogen oxides , as well as other harmful pollutants.", "Some systems (including in former time all systems) (sometimes nowadays called catless or de-cat) eliminate the catalytic converter. It is illegal and is against Federal Law in the United States and other countries to not have a catalytic converter if the vehicle is driven on public roads. The main purpose of a catalytic converter on an automobile is to reduce harmful emissions of hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides into the atmosphere.", "Volvo and Victoria dominate seatbelt history. The first car to be equipped with three-point seatbelts in the front was a Volvo P544 delivered to a dealer in Kristianstad, Sweden on 13 August 1959. And a little more than 11 years later, Victoria became the world’s first legislature to decree mandatory wearing of seatbelts.", "1967 – Dagen H: All non-essential traffic was banned from roads in Sweden while workers switched them from driving on the left-hand side of the road to the right.", "In 1976 a disastrous event at Seveso, Italy, where a toxic cloud containing dioxin was released from a chemical works and drifted towards Milan, had stirred the European Commission into regulatory activity on major hazards. By 1982 the first European directive intended to reduce the risks of such a disaster occurring was issued, known as ‘Seveso I’. In 1984 a catastrophic release of gas from a small pesticide plant occurred at Bhopal, India in 1984. The disaster was estimated to have killed or injured many thousands of people living close by the factory, and led to another European Directive in 1996 (‘Seveso II’).", "In 1903 a speed limit of 20 MPH was introduced in Britain. It was abolished in 1930. However in 1934 a speed limit of 30 MPH in built-up areas was introduced. The first electric traffic lights were invented in the USA in 1914. In Britain the first electric traffic lights were installed in London in 1925. Insurance for motorists was made compulsory in 1931. A driving test was introduced in 1934. Also in 1934 Percy Shaw invented the cat's eye. Meanwhile, in Britain the AA was formed in 1905.", "Bert Hopwood becomes Chief Draughtsman at Ariel . The first sodium street lights in the UK are erected in Purley Way, Croydon, Surrey. The first pedestrian-operated street-crossing lights are put up on Brighton Road, Croydon. Rear-view mirrors become compulsory in the UK. Brough Superior offers a four-cylinder three-wheeled model using a modified 796cc Austin Seven automobile engine. New Hudson ceases motorcycle production. Italian bicycle maker Antonio Malaguti sets up shop; began making motorcycles in 1934.", "First generation Preludes were modified by a company called Tropic Design, located in Germany. In all, they modified 47 Preludes, most of which were exported to Japan and the US. Very few have remained in Europe, initially all in Germany. Some have been sold over time to nearby countries, at least one to the Netherlands and one to Belgium.", "First generation Preludes were modified by a company called Tropic Design, located in Germany. In all, they modified 47 Preludes, most of which were exported to Japan . Very few have remained in Europe, initially all in Germany. Some have been sold over time to nearby countries, at least one to the Netherlands and one to Belgium.", "· All American cars now come with catalytic converters in the exhaust system in an effort to cut air polluting emissions.", "* A catalytic converter provides an environment for a chemical reaction wherein toxic combustion by-products are converted to less-toxic substances. First used on cars in 1975 to lower emission standards, catalytic converters are also used on generator sets, forklifts, mining equipment, trucks, buses, trains, and other engine-equipped machines. The three-way catalytic converter was co-invented by John J. Mooney and Carl D. Keith at the Engelhard Corporation in 1973. ", "In March 2003, on its fiftieh anniversary, Volkswagen do Brasil launched in the local market the Gol 1.6 Total Flex, the first Brazilian commercial flexible fuel vehicle capable of running on any mix of E20-E25 gasoline and up to 100% hydrous ethanol fuel ( E100 ). [33] [34] [35] [36] After the neat ethanol fiasco, consumer confidence on ethanol-powered vehicles was restored, allowing a rapid adoption of the flex technology, which was facilitated by the fuel distribution infrastructure already in place throughout Brazil, with more than 30 thousand fueling stations, a heritage of the Pró-Álcool program, [37] [38]", "With the Arab oil embargo of 1973, the price of gasoline soared, creating new interest in electric vehicles. The U.S. Department of Energy ran tests on many electric and hybrid vehicles produced by various manufacturers, including a hybrid known as the “VW Taxi” produced by Volkswagen in Wolfsburg, West Germany. The Taxi, which used a parallel hybrid configuration allowing flexible switching between the gasoline engine and electric motor, logged over 8,000 miles on the road, and was shown at auto shows throughout Europe and the United States.", "● In Germany, it is illegal to stop on an autobahn (expressway). It is also illegal to run out of gas on an autobahn.", "Following the suit of other German cities such as Berlin, Cologne and Hanover , on 1 March 2008 a Low Emission Zone (LEZ) came into effect in Stuttgart with the aim of improving air quality. This affects all vehicles entering the Stuttgart 'Environmental zone' (Umweltzone), including vehicles from abroad. [8] [8]", "The turnabout for the German motor industry came about in the mid 1930s following the election of the Nazi Party to power. The Nazis instituted a policy known as ' (\"motorization\"), a transport policy which Adolf Hitler himself considered a key element of attempts to legitimise the Nazi government by raising the people's standard of living. In addition to development and extensions of major highway schemes (which saw the completion of the first Autobahn in 1935), the Volkswagen project was also conceived to design and construct a robust but inexpensive \"people's car\", the product of which was the Volkswagen Beetle, launched in 1937. A new city (known as Wolfsburg from 1945) was developed around the factory to house its huge workforce.", "Prior to German reunification in 1990, eastern German states focused on restrictive traffic regulation such as a 100 km/h autobahn speed limit and of 80 km/h on other rural roads. Within two years after the opening, availability of high-powered vehicles and a 54% increase in motorized traffic led to a doubling of annual traffic deaths, despite \"interim arrangements [which] involved the continuation of the speed limit of 100 km/h on autobahns and of 80 km/h outside cities\". An extensive program of the four Es (enforcement, education, engineering, and emergency response) brought the number of traffic deaths back to pre-unification levels after a decade of effort while traffic regulations were conformed to western standards (e.g., 130 km/h freeway advisory limit, 100 km/h on other rural roads, and 0.05 percent BAC). ", "Daimler kept their silent sleeve-valve engines until the mid-1930s. The change to poppet valves began with the Fifteen of 1933. [57]", "National safety campaigns raised awareness of seat belt usage to save lives in automobile accidents, helping to make the measure mandatory in most parts of the world by 1990. Similar efforts arose to push child safety seats and bike helmet use, already mandatory in a number of regions.", "California passes its Zero Emission Vehicle (ZEV) Mandate, which requires two percent of the state's vehicles to have no emissions by 1998 and 10 percent by 2003. The law is repeatedly weakened over the next decade to reduce the number of pure ZEVs it requires.", "Emission regulations established by the California Air Resources Board (CARB) required BMW to sell vehicles with new emission standards in California, Massachusetts, New York and Vermont. In order to comply with these regulations, starting MY03 BMW sold Super Ultra Low Emission Vehicles (SULEV) in these four states.", "The four cylinder overhead valve engines,both petrol and diesel, which first appeared (in diesel form) in 1957, at the tail end of Series One production, and evolved over the years to the 300 TDi turbodiesel, which remains in production today for some overseas markets.", "In some countries, it is illegal to have nitrous oxide systems plumbed into an engine's intake manifold. These laws are ostensibly used to prevent street racing and meet emission standards.", "There is an environmental program, called Hoy No Circula (\"Today Does Not Run\", or \"One Day without a Car\"), whereby vehicles that have not passed emissions testing are restricted from circulating on certain days according to the ending digit of their license plates ; this in an attempt to cut down on pollution and traffic congestion. While in 2003, the program still restricted 40% of vehicles in the metropolitan area,[106] with the adoption of stricter emissions standards in 2001 and 2006,[107] in practice, these days most vehicles are exempt from the circulation restrictions as long as they pass regular emissions tests.[108]", "Vehicles that have not passed an emissions test may be banned from the central area of cities during severe air pollution episodes. When pollution reaches excessive levels, police set-up checkpoints marked with \"SMOG\"", "There is an environmental program, called Hoy No Circula (\"Today Does Not Run\", or \"One Day without a Car\"), whereby vehicles that have not passed emissions testing are restricted from circulating on certain days according to the ending digit of their license plates; this in an attempt to cut down on pollution and traffic congestion. While in 2003, the program still restricted 40% of vehicles in the metropolitan area, with the adoption of stricter emissions standards in 2001 and 2006, in practice, these days most vehicles are exempt from the circulation restrictions as long as they pass regular emissions tests.", "There is an environmental program, called Hoy No Circula (\"Today Does Not Run\", or \"One Day without a Car\"), whereby vehicles that have not passed emissions testing are restricted from circulating on certain days according to the ending digit of their license plates; this in an attempt to cut down on pollution and traffic congestion. While in 2003, the program still restricted 40% of vehicles in the metropolitan area, with the adoption of stricter emissions standards in 2001 and 2006, in practice, these days most vehicles are exempt from the circulation restrictions as long as they pass regular emissions tests. " ]	[ 5.6640625, 4.984375, 1.6884765625, -0.2568359375, -2.67578125, -3.03515625, -3.208984375, -3.76953125, -3.927734375, -3.935546875, -3.955078125, -3.9765625, -4.0390625, -4.09375, -4.234375, -4.53515625, -4.875, -5.0234375, -5.3125, -5.36328125, -6.96484375, -7.125, -7.140625, -9.0546875, -9.2265625, -9.265625, -9.59375, -9.96875, -10.03125, -10.390625, -10.6796875, -10.6796875 ]
Christa McAuliffe died in an accident in what type of vehicle in 1986?	[ "Christa McAuliffe (2 September 1948 – 28 January 1986) was an American teacher from Concord, New Hampshire, and was one of the seven crew members killed in the Space Shuttle Challenger disaster.", "Sharon Christa McAuliffe (September 2, 1948 – January 28, 1986) was an American teacher from Concord, New Hampshire, and was one of the seven crew members killed in the Space Shuttle Challenger disaster.", "Christa McAuliffe - teacher and astronaut who was killed in the 1986 Space Shuttle Challenger disaster", "Other sites of interest include the Capitol Center for the Arts, the New Hampshire Historical Society, which has two facilities in Concord, the Steeplegate Mall on Loudon Road, and the McAuliffe-Shepard Discovery Center, a planetarium named after Christa McAuliffe, the Concord teacher who died during the Space Shuttle Challenger disaster in 1986.", "An unidentified boy looks at a shrine set up in memory of Christa McAuliffe at St. John's Church in Concord, New Hampshire on Wednesday, Jan. 30, 1986, following a memorial service in her honor. McAuliffe was killed in the explosion of the Space Shuttle Challenger on Tuesday. (AP Photo/David Tenenbaum)", "Cape Canaveral, Florida - January 28, 1986. The space shuttle \"Challenger\" exploded a few seconds after lift off from the launchpad. Seven astronauts died in this national disaster. One of the victims was teacher, Christa McAuliffe.", "As a tribute to Christa McAuliffe, who was slated to be the first teacher in space and who died in the 1986 Space Shuttle Challenger disaster, Simon wrote and recorded a song entitled \"You're Where I Go\". McAuliffe was a Simon fan and had taken a cassette of her music on board the shuttle. In 1987, Simon also sang the theme for the 1988 Democratic National Convention, \"The Turn of the Tide\", for a Marlo Thomas television special Free to Be... a Family. The song was later included on the 1988 soundtrack album of the same name on A&M Records. ", "Disasters: The U.S. shuttle Challenger explodes 72 seconds after lifting off, killing all seven crew members aboard, including school teacher Christa McAuliffe (1948-1986).", "Some weeks later a NASA search crew located the wreckage of the space shuttle Challenger on the ocean floor. Christa McAuliffe's remains were returned to New Hampshire and buried near her home on May 1, 1986.", "In 1983, a second shuttle, Challenger, was put into service. It flew nine missions before breaking apart shortly after the launch of its 10th mission, on January 28, 1986. All seven crew members were killed, including high school teacher Christa McAuliffe, who had won a national contest to be the first U.S. civilian to fly aboard the space shuttle. In the aftermath of the disaster, the shuttle program was grounded until 1988.", "Rachel White The Challenger On January 28th, 1986, the Challenger, a space shuttle, was to make an important... journey into outer space. The challenger launch took the attention from many Americans. A woman named Christa McAuliffe, an average American school teacher was also on the journey. Christa McAuliffe was going to give school lessons to students from space. Children were anxious to Learn from space, and adults everywhere were fascinated. The morning of January 28, 1986 was going to be...", "Christa McAuliffe at Johnson Space Center in Houston. A whole generation, including McAuliffe's own students, has grown up since McAuliffe and six other astronauts perished on Jan. 28, 1986, a quarter century ago on Friday, Jan. 28, 2011. Former schoolchildren who loved her are making sure that people who weren't even born then know about McAuliffe and her dream of going into space. (AP/1985) #", "On the day she died, Duncan was a passenger in a brand-new convertible sportscar that she was learning to drive. As she leaned back in her seat to enjoy the sea breeze, her enormous red scarf (“which she had worn since she took up communism,” one newspaper reported) somehow blew into the well of the rear wheel on the passenger side. It wound around the axle, tightening around Duncan’s neck and dragging her from the car and onto the cobblestone street. She died instantly.", "In a way, this car tells the story of McKeown and the Rollers perfectly. The Mustang 351 represented everything he had aspired to, the dream realised, and the subsequent nightmare. In 1975, he was driving in Edinburgh when he hit 76-year-old Euphemia Clunie and killed her. It's still clear in his head. He describes the road's four lanes, how she had crossed the first two lanes, and there was no traffic coming on that side of the road, and how she just continued walking till the car hit her.", "On the afternoon of January 13, 1982, following a period of exceptionally cold weather and a morning of blizzard conditions, Air Florida Flight 90 crashed after waiting forty-nine minutes on a taxiway and taking off with ice and snow on the wings. The Boeing 737 aircraft failed to gain altitude. Less than 1 smi from the end of the runway, the airplane struck the 14th Street Bridge complex, shearing the tops off vehicles stuck in traffic before plunging through the 1 in ice covering the Potomac River. Rescue responses were greatly hampered by the weather and traffic. Due to action on the part of motorists, a United States Park Service police helicopter crew, and one of the plane's passengers who later perished, five occupants of the downed plane survived. The other 74 people who were aboard died, as well as four occupants of vehicles on the bridge. President Reagan cited motorist Lenny Skutnik in his State of the Union Address a few weeks later.", "June 28, 1967 Jane went to the car-trip to New Orleans. With her in the car Buick Electra were the driver, her boyfriend and three children. About 2 o’clock in the morning their car collided with a wagon, being completely under the truck. Three adults who were sitting in the front seat were killed instantly, while the children who were in the rear car seats, by happy coincidence, received only minor injuries.", "1959--an American Airlines Lockheed Electra crashed into New York's East River, killing 65 of the 73 people on board.", "2006: Taking off in the early morning hours at the Lexington, Kentucky Blue Grass Airport, a Bombadier Canadair CRJ-100 jet operated by Comair ran off the end of an unlighted 3,500-foot runway designed for smaller planes instead of using the well-lit 7,000-foot runway designed for commercial flights. The plane exploded in flames upon crashing when it wasn't able to lift off (it needed at least 5,000 feet to take off). Only one person of the 50 aboard the plane survived. First officer James Polehinke was pulled from the wreckage by police. Among those who died were a newlywed couple taking off on their honeymoon (former minor-league baseball player Jon Hooker and his bride Scarlett Parsley).", "On December 26, 2009, a Toyota Avalon, one of the models included in the recall, crashed into a lake in Texas, killing Monty Hardy, Hadassah Vance, Sharon Ransom and Wendy Akion. A witness recounted that the vehicle careered at high speed through a stop sign and smashed through a fence before hurtling into the water. Hardy’s wife told the media that her husband had complained of the car’s accelerator sticking. Its floor mats were found in the trunk.", "1998: An ambulence helicopter carrying an 11-year-old girl who had been injured in a traffic accident crashed near Griffith Park. The child, two medical personnel, and one of the pilots were killed in the crash. The other pilot was taken to a local hospital in critical condition.", "1998: A small Piper PA 32 skidded beneath a highway overpass and struck a van during rush hour traffic. The driver of the van was killed; the pilot escaped with serious burns.", "1996: When its engine went out 20 minutes after taking off from the Salem, Ohio airport, a helicopter crashed near a campground. All five people aboard the helicopter were killed.", "Stevens' wife was driving with her three pet dogs when she was killed. The accident occurred on California 74, the co-called \"Palms to Pines Highway,\" near where Jimmy Durante simulated an accident in the movie \"Mad, Mad, Mad, Mad World. The dogs escaped with minor injuries when the vehicle rolled over and landed upside down.", "She died on September 14, 1982, when she lost control of her automobile and crashed after suffering a stroke. Her daughter Princess Stéphanie, who was in the car with her, survived the accident.", "In 2011, two Canadians died instantly in a freak accident when a car hit a 440-pound (200-kg) black bear, and sent the animal flying straight through the windshield of an oncoming vehicle. The bear's body hit the 25-year-old female driver and a 40-year-old man sitting behind her and then shot out of the back window. The bear also died. The woman's boyfriend, who was sitting in the front passenger seat, escaped with upper-body injuries which were not life-threatening.", " 1995 – Luke McAllister died when his van crashed into a wall and exploded in flames.", "He was born in 1940 and died in 1981 following a collision with a truck. His daughter Michelle was also killed. His son was injured. The driver of the truck was fined ï¿½100.", "Laura's life before college was typical of many young women, going to public schools and being with friends. However, on the night of November 6, 1963, she experienced something most teenagers don't: Around 8 p.m. that evening, she was driving a friend to a party on a desolate rural road when she ran a stop sign and hit another automobile broadside, killing its driver. The driver was a friend and fellow classmate, Michael Dutton Douglas, a star athlete and popular student at Robert E. Lee High School. Laura and her passenger suffered only minor injuries. Though she was not charged in the accident, the guilt has remained with her all of her life.", "October 19, 2002: Michelle Parma (27), a former Dallas Cowboys cheerleader and a cast member of MTV's Road Rules television show, was killed in a car accident.", "1995 – Luke McAllister died after his car crashed into a tree and exploded into flames", "Tragedy struck in 1967 when the eldest son, John, his wife Mary and the youngest of their five children, Margaret Ellen, were killed in a head-on car crash at Nirranda South, near their farm. Their daughter, Denise Murrell, now lives on the farm.", "Transportation in Georgia is overseen by the Georgia Department of Transportation, a part of the executive branch of the state government. Georgia's major Interstate Highways are I-20, I-75, I-85, and I-95. On March 18, 1998, the Georgia House of Representatives passed a resolution naming the portion of Interstate Highway 75, which runs from the Chattahoochee River northward to the Tennessee state line the Larry McDonald Memorial Highway. Larry McDonald, a Democratic member of the House of Representatives, had been on Korean Air Lines Flight 007 when it was shot down by the Soviets on September 1, 1983." ]	[ 6.7578125, 6.015625, 5.66796875, 4.50390625, 4.046875, 3.56640625, 3.03515625, 2.97265625, 1.7880859375, 1.033203125, 0.583984375, -3.060546875, -3.54296875, -4.734375, -5.21484375, -5.2421875, -5.28515625, -5.44140625, -5.48828125, -5.6796875, -5.953125, -6.18359375, -6.3671875, -6.421875, -6.6484375, -7.13671875, -8.03125, -8.5390625, -9.0625, -9.1328125, -9.46875, -9.46875 ]
Who was Benazir Bhutto's Father who was executed in 1988?	[ "The murder is the latest catastrophe to befall the Bhutto family. Benazir Bhutto's father, Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, was deposed by a military dictator in 1977 and hanged two years later. Her two brothers were killed in murky circumstances in following decades.", "Educated in England, Benazir Bhutto assumed the leadership of the Pakistan People's Party in 1979, following the execution of her father, former prime minister Zulfikar Ali Bhutto. A leading opposition figure under the dictatorship of Gen. Zia-ul-Haq, she was elected prime minister of a coalition government in 1988 after his death.", "Benazir Bhutto ( Urdu : بينظير بھٹو; 21 June 1953 – 27 December 2007) was the 11th and 13th Prime Minister of Pakistan , serving two non-consecutive terms in 1988–90 and then 1993–96. A scion of the politically powerful Bhutto family , she was the eldest daughter of Zulfikar Ali Bhutto , a former prime minister who founded the centre-left Pakistan Peoples Party (PPP). She was the first woman democratically elected as head of a majority Islamic nation. [2]", "Benazir Bhutto in front of a poster of her father, Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, after she won first parliamentary elections in 1988. Credit Douglas E. Curran/Agence France-Presse - Getty Images", "On the walls of her sprawling brick home, images of the dead stare out from giant portraits: father Zulfikar Ali Bhutto was toppled by a military dictator and hanged in 1977; his youngest son, Shahnawaz, was poisoned under mysterious circumstances in 1985; and his eldest son, Murtaza, was killed last year in a police attack that many blame on Benazir Bhutto.", "Born in 1953 to a wealthy landowning family, Bhutto grew up in the privileged world of Pakistan’s political elite, receiving degrees from Harvard and Oxford. Her father, Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, founded the populist-leaning Pakistan Peoples Party (PPP) in 1967. He then served as president and prime minister from 1971 to 1977, when he was ousted in a bloodless military coup led by General Mohammad Zia ul-Haq and charged with authorizing a political opponent’s murder.", "(Benazir was Prime Minister of Pakistan from 1988 to 6 Aug 1990, and again from 1993 to 5 Nov 1996. Daughter of former ruler Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, who was overthrown in 1977 and executed by the military regime in 1979, she was only 35 when she was elected Prime Minister, becoming the first woman to lead a Muslim nation in modern age. Differences between her Government and the Establishment, however, led to her dismissal in 1990. She returned to power in 1993, but again was dismissed by the president in 1996 on charges of corruption. She was assassinated December 27, 2007 as she was campaigning ahead of elections due in January 2008.- Women in World History Curriculum).", "In 1986, Benazir Bhutto , daughter of Zulfikar Ali Bhutto and his heir as head of the Pakistan People's party (PPP), returned to the country. In May, 1988, Zia dismissed parliament, charging it with widespread corruption, and announced general elections for November. In August, Zia died in a mysterious plane crash. The PPP won the November elections, and Bhutto became prime minister. Despite a strong power base, Bhutto encountered numerous problems in office, including regional ethnic clashes, the difficulties of the Soviet occupation of Afghanistan, and long-term tensions caused by Pakistan's poverty and its uneasy relationship with India. In Aug., 1990, President Ghulam Ishaq Khan dismissed Bhutto and her cabinet, accusing them of misconduct and abuse of power.", "In 1986, Benazir Bhutto, daughter of Zulfikar Ali Bhutto and his heir as head of the Pakistan People's party (PPP), returned to the country. In May, 1988, Zia dismissed parliament, charging it with widespread corruption, and announced general elections for November. In August, Zia died in a mysterious plane crash. The PPP won the November elections, and Bhutto became prime minister. Despite a strong power base, Bhutto encountered numerous problems in office, including regional ethnic clashes, the difficulties of the Soviet occupation of Afghanistan, and long-term tensions caused by Pakistan's poverty and its uneasy relationship with India. In Aug., 1990, President Ghulam Ishaq Khan dismissed Bhutto and her cabinet, accusing them of misconduct and abuse of power.", "Her father’s overthrow and subsequent execution in April 1979 thrust a young Benazir Bhutto into the political spotlight. She and her mother, Nusrat, whom she succeeded in 1982 as the PPP’s chairperson, spent several years in and out of detention for protesting his arrest and campaigning against General Zia. In August 1988, Zia died in a plane crash; three months later, Bhutto won the general election and formed a government, becoming the first woman—and, at 35, the youngest person—to head a Muslim state in modern times. Dismissed in 1990 after less than half a term as prime minister, she was reelected in 1993 and served again until 1996. Both times, she was removed from office by the sitting president—Ghulam Ishaq Khan in 1990 and Farooq Leghari in 1996—amid charges of corruption and incompetent governance.", "Benazir was the daughter of a former prime minister Zulfikar Ali Bhutto. Her family came from the Bhutto tribe of Sindhi and she was born in Karachi, Sindh.", "Bhutto was hanged by the Zia regime after a providing a fair trial. Ali Bhutto's two sons, Murtaza and Shahnawaz went into exile in Afghanistan which was at that time controlled by communist revolutionary government of Babrak Karmal. There the two sons formed Al-Zulfiqar along with hundreds of Pakistan Peoples Party militants who had escaped Zia's persecution. The Al-Zulfiqar Organization (AZO) was born at this point, and disgruntled elements among the younger members of the PPP, disappointed in the party's leadership, flocked to Murtaza's side. The AZO, however, went on to earn the title of terrorist organisation due to its various terrorist activities throughout the country, a label which dogged Murtaza till he died. For his part, Murtaza always denied the charge that he espoused the politics of terrorism.<br /><br /> Al-Zulfiqar hijacked a Pakistan International Airlines flight en route to Peshawar from Karachi, and diverted it to Kabul in March 1981. The hijacking went on for thirteen days, during which Murtaza shot Major Tariq Rahim for being an Army officer. Rahim was executed following Murtaza's conferring with Afghan Intelligence (KHAD) chief Mohammad Najibullah. The execution forced the Zia regime to accept the demands of the hijackers, releasing dozens of Pakistan Peoples Party and other leftist political prisoners languishing in Pakistani jails. Read Less", ", 1953–2007, prime minister of Pakistan (1988–90; 1993–96), daughter of Zulfikar Ali Bhutto. Educated at Radcliffe and Oxford, she returned to Pakistan shortly before her father was overthrown by General Zia ul-Haq in 1977.", "Under a new constitution introduced in 1973, Bhutto became Prime Minister. He undertook agrarian reform and the nationalisation of large sections of industry and the financial sector. In July 1977 the army, under General Zia ul-Haq, intervened in the urban unrest. Zia declared martial law and arrested Bhutto who was convicted, after a controversial trial, of conspiring to murder a political opponent. Despite international appeals, he was hanged in April 1979. Zia promised elections within 90 days, but ruled without them until his death. He assumed the presidency and embarked on a programme of Islamisation. Martial law and the ban on political parties were lifted in 1985, Bhutto’s daughter Benazir returned from exile to lead the PPP and Zia died in a plane crash in August 1988.", "On 3 September the Army arrested Bhutto again on charges of authorising the murder of a political opponent in March 1974. A 35-year-old politician Ahmed Raza Kasuri and his family had been ambushed, leaving Kasuri's father, Nawab Muhammad Ahmad Khan Kasuri, dead. Kasuri claimed that he was the actual target, accusing Bhutto of orchestrating the attack. Kasuri later claimed that he had been the target of 15 assassination attempts. Bhutto's wife Nusrat Bhutto assembled a team of top Pakistani lawyers for Bhutto's defence, led by Fakhruddin G. Ebrahim, Yahya Bakhtiar and Abdulhafiz Pirzada. Bhutto was released 10 days after his arrest after a judge, Justice KMA Samdani, found the evidence to be \"contradictory and incomplete.\" As a result, Justice Samdani was immediately removed from the bench and placed at the disposal of the law ministry. Three days later Zia arrested Bhutto again on the same charges, this time under \"martial law.\" When the PPP organised demonstrations among Bhutto's supporters, Zia cancelled the upcoming elections. <br /><br />Bhutto was arraigned before the High Court of Lahore instead of in a lower court, thus depriving him of one level of appeal. The judge who had granted him bail had been removed. Five new judges were appointed, headed by Chief Justice of Lahore High Court Maulvi Mushtaq Hussain. Read Less", "Bhutto was the daughter of the politician Zulfikar Ali Bhutto , who was the leader of Pakistan from 1971 until 1977. She was educated at Harvard University (B.A., 1973) and subsequently studied philosophy, political science, and economics at the University of Oxford (B.A., 1977).", "Tragedy struck the Bhuttos once more on September 20, 1996, when Karachi police shot dead Benazir's surviving brother, Mir Ghulam Murtaza Bhutto. Murtaza had not gotten along well with Benazir's husband, which sparked conspiracy theories about his assassination. Even Benazir Bhutto's own mother accused the prime minister and her husband of causing Murtaza's death.", "Benazir Bhutto (21 June 1953 – 27 December 2007) was the first women elected to lead a Muslim state. Bhutto served as Prime Minister of Pakistan between (1988–1990, and 1993–1996).", "On behalf of Bhutto's former law minister Abdul Hafeez Pirzada and Fakhruddin Abrahim, the Bhutto family filed a petition at the Chief Martial Law Administrator Office asking reconsideration of Zulfikar Bhutto's sentence as well as the release of his friend Mubashir Hassan. General Zia said he misplaced the petition. Although the murder accusation remained \"widely doubted by the public\", and many foreign leaders appealed for clemency, Zulfikar Ali Bhutto was condemned, then hanged 4 April 1979 under the effective orders of Supreme Court of Pakistan.", "On 18 December 1987, Bhutto married Asif Ali Zardari in Karachi. The couple had three children: two daughters, Bakhtawar and Asifa, and a son, Bilawal. When she gave birth to Bakhtawar in 1990, she became the first modern head of government to give birth while in office. ", "Bhutto married his second wife, the Iranian Nusrat Ispahani, in Karachi on 8 September 1951. Their first child, Benazir, was born in 1953. She was followed by Murtaza in 1954, Sanam in 1957 and Shahnawaz in 1958. He accepted the post of lecturer at the S. M. Law College, from where he was also awarded an honorary doctorate in law by college president Hassanally A. Rahman before establishing himself in a legal practice in Karachi. He also took over the management of his family's estate and business interests after his father's death.", "Zardari—the son of Hakim Ali Zardari, a Sindhi landlord, businessman, and politician—was educated at Saint Patrick’s School in Karachi and later studied business in London. He gained a reputation as a playboy and gadfly for his easygoing lifestyle; an avid polo player and an intense competitor, Zardari demonstrated little interest in the political scene. His betrothal to Bhutto, who was the daughter of former president (1971–73) and prime minister (1973–77) Zulfikar Ali Bhutto and whom he had first met five days prior to the public announcement of their engagement, surprised many observers. On December 18, 1987, the two were married in an arranged and relatively simple ceremony, and they went on to have three children: a son, Bilawal, and two daughters, Bakhtwar and Asifa.", "Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto was born on January 5, 1928. He was the only son of Sir Shah Nawaz Bhutto. Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto completed his early education from Bombay’s Cathedral High School. In 1947, he joined the University of Southern California, and later the University of California at Berkeley in June 1949. After completing his degree with honors in Political Science at Berkeley in June 1950, he was admitted to Oxford.", "Asif Ali Zardari, (born July 26, 1955, Karachi, Pakistan), politician who served as president of Pakistan (2008–13) and de facto leader of the Pakistan People’s Party (PPP) following the assassination of his wife, former prime minister Benazir Bhutto , on December 27, 2007.", "Failure to reach a reconciliation prompted the army chief of staff, Gen. Mohammed Zia ul-Haq, to depose Bhutto in a military coup in July and declare martial law. Zia was declared president in September, and Bhutto, convicted of ordering the murder of political opponents, was hanged in Apr., 1979. In the 1980s Pakistan was dominated by events occurring in neighboring Afghanistan, where the Soviet invasion resulted in the flight of over 3 million people to Pakistan. Pakistan served as the primary conduit for U.S. aid to the Afghan resistance, resulting in large amounts of U.S. aid to Pakistan as well. The relationship prompted Zia to return the government to civilian hands, and in 1985 he announced the end of martial law, but only after amending the constitution so as to greatly strengthen his power as president.", "On 24 March 1979 the Supreme Court dismissed the appeal. Zia upheld the death sentence. Bhutto was hanged at Central Jail Rawalpindi, on 4 April 1979, and is buried in Village Cemetery at Garhi Khuda Baksh. ", "1979 Pakistan Zulfikar Ali Bhutto Hanged 4th April 1979 : Pakistan's former Prime Minister, Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, has been hanged in spite of international calls for clemency. Many believed his trial and the sentence were manipulated by the ruling military regime, led by General Zia ul-Haq,. He was sentenced to death for the murder of a political opponent following a trial which was widely condemned as unfair. Mr Bhutto had been Pakistan's leader since 1973 and was deposed in a military coup 18 months earlier. The country stayed under martial law until 1985.", "On April 4, 1979, the former Prime Minister was hanged, after the Supreme Court upheld the death sentence passed by the Lahore High Court. The High Court had given him the death sentence on charges of murder of the father of a dissident P. P. P. politician.", "General Pervez Musharraf (Urdu: پرويز مشرف; born 11 August 1943, near Delhi, India) became de facto Head of Government (using the title Chief Executive and assuming extensive powers) of Pakistan on October 12, 1999, following a bloodless coup d'état. He assumed the office of President of Pakistan (becoming Head of State) on June 20, 2001.", "Zulfikar Ali Bhutto had the courage of his conviction to decide to lay down his life rather than compromise or seek appeasement. The last chapter of his life is a glorious example of martyrdom for the cause of resurrection of democracy.", "his execution in 1979. In 1949, as college sophomore, Bhutto transferred to the University of California, Berkeley, where he earned a B.A.", "After finishing at Oxford, she returned to Pakistan where she became embroiled in Pakistani politics. Her parents were opponents of the military dictatorship run by General Zia-ul-Haq. In the summer of 1979, they were placed under house arrest and faced great difficulties. She later wrote of her experiences of being under house arrest during the summer of 1981, where she was held in solitary confinement in the desert." ]	[ 6.015625, 5.9453125, 5.734375, 4.47265625, 3.958984375, 3.19921875, 2.58203125, 2.189453125, 1.9208984375, 1.615234375, 1.4296875, 0.2208251953125, -0.054443359375, -0.087890625, -0.15625, -0.2318115234375, -1.43359375, -1.4462890625, -1.447265625, -1.6083984375, -1.7216796875, -1.78515625, -1.8330078125, -1.8701171875, -3.916015625, -4.40234375, -4.83203125, -5.55859375, -5.6640625, -6.3828125, -7.0234375, -8.578125 ]
Which form of death penalty was abolished by Francois Mitterrand?	[ "Though the death penalty was grinding to a halt in 1970’s France, Djandoubi was not the last person condemned (the link is French); the guillotine was only abolished with the election of the Francois Mitterand government in 1981.", "Estimates of the number of lives taken by the guillotine during the French Revolution range from 17,000 to 40,000 citizens. It is thought that three-quarters of the executed were innocent. In its \"glory\" days, the guillotine took 3,000 lives in one month. Paris was responsible for only 16% of executions; in cities with many counter revolutionaries, like Lyons, many more faced the blade. The locations of public executions were moved frequently. After beheadings, blood continued to pump out of the bodies, overtopping the gutters, and running down the streets. In France, the guillotine remained the official execution device until the last use of the \"national razor\" in 1977. French President François Mitterand abolished the death penalty in 1981.", "Socialist François Mitterrand was elected president in 1981, beginning a record 14-year tenure in that office. He saw seven prime ministers and two periods of “cohabitation” (1986–88 and 1993– 95) in which the prime minister was from the center-right opposition. He also saw France’s first female prime minister, Edith Cresson (1991–92). Early in the Mitterrand presidency, the victorious socialists, carrying out their campaign pledges, imposed a wealth tax, nationalized key industries, decreed a 39-hour workweek and five-week paid vacations, halted nuclear testing, suspended nuclear power plant construction, and abolished the death penalty. The most notable and lasting achievements of the Mitterrand presidency, however, came in the international arena, where France’s major commitment remained the European Economic Community and, especially, improved Franco-German relations, regarded as the key to Europe’s integration. Under Mitterrand, after decades of ups and downs, the Common Market got a boost from the 1986 Single European Act, which eased the free movement of goods and labor. A capstone accomplishment came in the 1992 Treaty of Maastricht, which established a common currency and created the EU to coordinate foreign policy and immigration as well as economics. In promoting the treaty and monetary union, Mitterrand worked well with Germany’s Chancellor Helmut Kohl, strengthening Franco-German economic and security ties.", "As president Mitterrand introduced a series of radical economic and political reforms. This included nationalizing financial institutions and several large corporations, raising the minimum wage, improved welfare benefits and abolishing the death penalty. However, after the 1986 elections the Socialist Party lost its National Assembly majority and Mitterrand was forced to work with a right-wing coalition government.", "From 1981 until 1995, François Mitterand served as President of France. He was a Socialist, and implemented numerous social programs. He abolished the death penalty. He instituted nationalized banks, insurance industries, and defense industries. Workers' wages increased during his tenure and working hours were reduced. However, when the French economy lagged, he abandoned socialism in 1984 and the French economy revived. In 1986, the right won the parliamentary elections, leading to the first \"cohabitation\" period, where the president and prime minister were not from the same political side. Jacques Chirac, mayor of Paris and founder of the RPR Gullist party, was chosen as prime minister. Mitterrand was re-elected in 1988, but had to face a second \"cohabitation\" from 1993 to 1995, with Édouard Balladur as a prime minister.", "Mitterrand abrogated the death penalty as soon as he took office (via the Badinter Act), as well as the \"anti-casseurs Act\" which instituted collective responsibility for acts of violence during demonstrations. He also dissolved the Cour de sûreté, a special high court, and enacted a massive regularization of illegal immigrants. Tighter regulations on the powers of police to stop, search and arrest were introduced, and the \"loi securite et liberte\" (a controversial public order act) was repealed. In addition, the legal aid system was improved. ", "In home policy, the president’s reforms worried the conservative electorate and the Gaullist party, especially the law by Simone Veil legalizing abortion. Although he said he had \"deep aversion against capital punishment\", Giscard claimed in his 1974 campaign that he would apply the death penalty to people committing the most heinous crimes. He did not commute three of the death sentences that he had to decide upon during his presidency (although he did so in several other occasions), keeping France as the last country in the European Union to apply the death penalty. These executions would be the last ever in France and, had executions not resumed in the United States, the last in the Western world, as was the case until 1979 when John Spenkelink was executed by Florida. Death sentences were continually handed out in France for the remaining four years of Giscard's term but were all commuted in 1981, when capital punishment was abolished.", "In 1906 the Commission of the Budget of the Chamber of Deputies voted for withdrawing funding for the guillotine, with the aim of stopping the execution procedure. On 3 July 1908 the Garde des Sceaux, Aristide Briand, submitted a draft law to the Deputies, dated November 1906, on the abolition of the death penalty, but, despite the support of Jean Jaurès, the bill was rejected on 8 December by 330 votes to 201.", "FranÃ§ois Mitterrand (October 26, 1916 - January 8, 1996) was a French politician and President of France from May 1981, re-elected in 1988, until 1995.", "1977 – Hamida Djandoubi became the last person to be guillotined in France, the official method of execution in that country. France would later abolish the death penalty in 1981.", "François Maurice Adrien Marie Mitterrand (; 26 October 1916 – 8 January 1996) was a French statesman who was President of France from 1981 to 1995. He was the longest-serving President of France and, as leader of the Socialist Party, the first figure from the left elected President under the Fifth Republic.", "Criticism came quickly from many quarters, including the Socialist party in France, where the death penalty was abolished in 1981. \"I am proud to be a Frenchman,\" party spokesman Julien Dray told RTL radio. \"I am proud to live in France, in a country where we don't execute somebody 21 years later.\" \"Schwarzenegger has a lot of muscles, but apparently not much heart,\" Dray added.", "Canada abolished it in 1976, France abolished it in 1981, and Australia in 1985. In 1977, the United Nations General Assembly affirmed in a formal resolution that throughout the world, it is desirable to \"progressively restrict the number of offenses for which the death penalty might be imposed, with a view to the desirability of abolishing this punishment\". [35]", "In the 1950s, public sentiment began to turn away from capital punishment. Many allied nations either abolished or limited the death penalty, and in the U.S., the number of executions dropped dramatically. Whereas there were 1,289 executions in the 1940s, there were 715 in the 1950s, and the number fell even further, to only 191, from 1960 to 1976. In 1966, support for capital punishment reached an all-time low. A Gallup poll showed support for the death penalty at only 42%. (Bohm, 1999 and BJS, 1997)", "On 20 December 1985, France ratified Additional Protocol number 6 to the European Convention to Safeguard Human Rights and fundamental liberties. This means that France can no longer re-establish the death penalty, except in times of war or by denouncing the Convention.", "France abolished it in 1981, Canada abolished it in 1976 and Australia in 1985. In 1977, the United Nations General Assembly affirmed in a formal resolution that throughout the world, it is desirable to \"progressively restrict the number of offenses for which the death penalty might be imposed, with a view to the desirability of abolishing this punishment\".", "Why, in your judgment, did France abolish the death penalty? And even before abolition, why did its use abate so dramatically in the postwar era?", "Doctor Joseph Ignace Guillotin belonged to a small political reform movement that wanted to banish the death penalty completely. Guillotin argued for a painless and private capital punishment method equal for all the classes, as an interim step towards completely banning the death penalty.", "As the spirit of liberté, égalité and fraternité swirled through Paris in the early days of the French Revolution, Dr. Joseph-Ignace Guillotin rose before the National Assembly in 1789 to lobby for equality in a most unlikely area: capital punishment. The Parisian deputy and anatomy professor argued that it was unfair for common criminals in France to be executed by tortuous methods such as hanging, burning at the stake and breaking on the wheel while aristocratic felons had the privilege of quick decapitations, particularly if they tipped their executioners to ensure swift sword chops.", "The most notable set of codified laws is the Code des Obligations et des Contrats promulgated in 1932 and equivalent to the French Civil Code. Capital punishment is still de facto used to sanction certain crimes, but no longer enforced.", "In December 1943 Mitterrand ordered the execution of Henri Marlin (who was about to order attacks on the \"Maquis\") by Jacques Paris and Jean Munier, who later hid out with Mitterrand's father. After a second visit to London in February 1944, Mitterrand took part in the liberation of Paris. When de Gaulle entered Paris following the Liberation, he was introduced to various men who were to be part of the provisional government. Among them was Mitterrand, as secretary general of POWs. When they came face to face, de Gaulle is said to have muttered: \"You again!\" He dismissed Mitterrand 2 weeks later.", "French courts, responding to Mitterrand’s warnings that trials would cause civil unrest, blocked other prosecutions, including that of the Vichy police chief, René Bousquet, who organised the Paris and Vichy zone mass arrests. He was assassinated by a lone gunman in June 1993. It was not until Mitterrand retired in 1995 that France began to face up to its responsibility in the persecution of Jews. When the new right-wing president, Jacques Chirac, came to power, he immediately condemned Vichy as a criminal regime and two years later the Catholic Church publicly asked for forgiveness for its failure to protect the Jews.", "Philippe Pétain was charged with treason in July 1945. He was convicted and sentenced to death by firing squad, but Charles de Gaulle commuted the sentence to life imprisonment. In the police, some collaborators soon resumed official responsibilities. This continuity of the administration was pointed out, in particular concerning the events of the Paris massacre of 1961, executed under the orders of head of the Parisian police Maurice Papon when Charles de Gaulle was head of state. Papon was tried and convicted for crimes against humanity in 1998.", "After Mitterrand’s retirement from public life at the end of his presidency, revelations emerged in the popular press of his friendship or association with wartime Vichy collaborators, political corruption, and extra-marital affairs, which for many tarnished his post-war reputation. He died in Paris on January 8, 1996, at the age of 79. He was survived by his wife, Danielle, their two sons, Jean-Christophe and Gilbert, and his daughter Mazarine, from his relationship with his mistress, Anne Pingeot.", "A provisional government is established in France following the liberation of Paris on 25 August 1944. Marshal Henri Philippe Pï¿½tain, hero of Verdun in the First World War, is condemned to death for his part in appeasing the Nazis, but his sentences is commuted to life imprisonment. During the existence of the provisional government, in 1943 Lebanon gains full independence from France, in 1945 France re-establishes its protectorate in Vietnam (which lasts until 1954), and Syria gains independence in 1946.", "came into force the following day. The last execution for treason/military offences took place on the 11th of March 1963, that of Air Force Lieutenant-Colonel, Jean Marie Bastian-Thiery, who had been convicted of treason for trying to murder President de Gaulle. He was executed by firing squad at Fort dï¿½Ivry. Protocol No 6 came into force on", "Between March 1969 and November 1972, there were no executions in France. One of the executions during Pompidou's presidency took place on the 12th of May 1973 (Ali Benyanes), the other two on 28th of November 1972 (Claude Buffet and Roger Bontems, the Clairvaux mutineers).", "In 1993 former Vichy official René Bousquet was assassinated while he awaited prosecution in Paris following a 1991 inculpation for crimes against humanity ; he had been prosecuted but partially acquitted and immediately amnestied in 1949. [53] In 1994 former Vichy official Paul Touvier (1915-1996) was convicted of crimes against humanity. Maurice Papon was likewise convicted in 1998, released three years later due to ill health, and died in 2007 [54] .", "In 1993 former Vichy official René Bousquet was assassinated while he awaited prosecution in Paris following a 1991 inculpation for crimes against humanity ; he had been prosecuted but partially acquitted and immediately amnestied in 1949. [64] In 1994 former Vichy official Paul Touvier (1915–1996) was convicted of crimes against humanity. Maurice Papon was likewise convicted in 1998, released three years later due to ill health, and died in 2007. [65]", "When Jules Henri Desfourneaux died in 1951, Andrï¿½ Obrecht was chosen as the new chief executioner of France among 400 candidates for the job. He had been assistant to both Anatole Deibler (his uncle) and Desfourneaux (his cousin), but had resigned twice, in 1943 and 1947, because of strong personal disagreements with the latter.", "In 1993, former Vichy official René Bousquet was assassinated while he awaited prosecution in Paris following a 1991 inculpation for crimes against humanity; he had been prosecuted but partially acquitted and immediately amnestied in 1949. In 1994 former Vichy official Paul Touvier (1915–1996) was convicted of crimes against humanity. Maurice Papon was likewise convicted in 1998, released three years later due to ill health, and died in 2007. ", "In 1993, former Vichy official René Bousquet was assassinated while he awaited prosecution in Paris following a 1989 complaint for crimes against humanity; he had been prosecuted after the war, but had been acquitted in 1949. In 1994 former Vichy official Paul Touvier (1915-1996) was convicted of crimes against humanity. Maurice Papon was convicted in 1998, released three years later, and died in 2007." ]	[ 3.837890625, 3.091796875, 2.453125, 1.994140625, 1.09375, 0.673828125, -0.9853515625, -1.2294921875, -1.2294921875, -1.23046875, -1.681640625, -2.677734375, -3.44140625, -3.6875, -3.703125, -4.0234375, -4.0625, -4.12890625, -5.21484375, -5.67578125, -5.6796875, -6.01171875, -6.1328125, -6.26171875, -6.30078125, -6.32421875, -7.84765625, -8.7421875, -8.796875, -9.1640625, -9.5, -9.859375 ]
Which capital city was the scene of a major summit between Reagan and Gorbachev in 1986?	[ "The Reykjavik Summit was a summit meeting between U.S. president Ronald Reagan and Secretary-General of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union Mikhail Gorbachev, held in the famous house of Höfði in Reykjavik, the capital city of Iceland, on October 11–12, 1986. The talks collapsed at the last minute, but the progress that had been achieved eventually resulted in the 1987 Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty between the United States and the Soviet Union. (wikipedia.org. Accessed on September 1, 2011.)", "Reykjavik Summit, Perestroika, and Glasnost Homework Reykjavik Summit The Reykjavík Summit was a summit meeting between U.S. President Ronald Reagan and General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union Mikhail Gorbachev, held in Reykjavík, the capital city of Iceland, on October 11–12, 1986. The talks collapsed at the last minute, but the progress that had been achieved eventually resulted in the 1987 Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty between the United States and the Soviet Union. At Reykjavík, Reagan sought to include discussion of human rights, emigration of Soviet Jews and dissidents, and the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan. However, Gorbachev sought to limit the talks solely to arms control. The Soviets also proposed to eliminate 50% of all strategic arms, including ICBMs, and agreed not to include British or French weapons in the count. All this was proposed in exchange for an American pledge not to implement strategic defenses for the next ten years, in accordance with SALT I. The Americans countered with a proposal to eliminate all ballistic missiles within ten years, but required the right to deploy strategic defenses against remaining threats afterwards.", "On October 11, 1986, halfway between Moscow and Washington, D.C., the leaders of the world’s two superpowers met at the stark and picturesque Hofdi House in Reykjavik, Iceland. Secretary General Mikhail Gorbachev had proposed the meeting to President Ronald Reagan less than thirty days before. The expectations for the summit at Reykjavik were low.", "Back in April, 1985 – his first month in office – Gorbachev had announced his first unilateral initiative: a temporary freeze on the deployment of intermediate-range missiles in Europe. Gorbachev met Reagan at Geneva a few months later, in November, and they met again in October 1986 at Reykjavik in Iceland, and yet again in May 1988 at a summit meeting in Moscow. Gorbachev and Reagan became friends, Gorbachev recognizing that Reagan sincerely wanted to avoid a nuclear holocaust and that he was a man of decency and sincerity – a former actor who was not faking it. And Reagan saw Gorbachev as something other than an evil Communist robot. Gorbachev convinced Reagan that he was sincere in wanting to end the arms race and in collaborating with the West in restructuring relations.", "Gorbachev and Reagan at the Reykjavik summit. [Source: Ronald Reagan Library]President Reagan and Soviet Premier Mikhail Gorbachev meet in Reykjavik, Iceland, for a second summit, to follow on the success of their first meeting almost a year before (see November 16-19, 1985 ). They base their discussion on Gorbachev’s January proposals of deep cuts in the two nations’ nuclear arsenals (see January 1986 ).", "American officials billed the second meeting between Reagan and Gorbachev at Reykjavik, Iceland, in October, 1986, as a mini-summit, a kind of trial run for an expected major summit a few months later. But Gorbachev came to Reykjavik prepared to do major business.", "To many Europeans, Mikhail Gorbachev’s ascendancy to the Soviet leadership in 1985 offered a glimmer of hope. Glasnost, his policy of transparency in government, and perestroika, economic reforms at home, were radical departures from the policies of his predecessors. So when the U.S.-Soviet summit in Reykjavik, Iceland, in October 1986 ended without an arms reduction deal, Rust felt despair. He was particularly angered by Reagan’s reflexive mistrust of the Soviet Union, which Rust felt had blinded the president to the historic opportunity Gorbachev presented.", "Arrival of General Secretary Mikhail Gorbachev of the USSR for his first meeting with President Reagan for the Geneva Summit at Fleur D’Eau in Switzerland, November 19, 1985. (Ronald Reagan Presidential Library)", "Reagan recognized the change in the direction of the Soviet leadership with Mikhail Gorbachev , and shifted to diplomacy, with a view to encourage the Soviet leader to pursue substantial arms agreements. [241] Reagan's personal mission was to achieve \"a world free of nuclear weapons\", which he regarded as \"totally irrational, totally inhumane, good for nothing but killing, possibly destructive of life on earth and civilization\". [242] [243] [244] He was able to start discussions on nuclear disarmament with General Secretary Gorbachev. [244] Gorbachev and Reagan held four summit conferences between 1985 and 1988: the first in Geneva, Switzerland , the second in Reykjavík , Iceland , the third in Washington, D.C., and the fourth in Moscow . [245] Reagan believed that if he could persuade the Soviets to allow for more democracy and free speech, this would lead to reform and the end of Communism. [246]", " Gorbachev, the last General Secretary of the Central Committee, as seen during the Reykjavík Summit in 1986", "When Reagan visited Moscow for the fourth summit in 1988, he was viewed as a celebrity by the Soviets. A journalist asked the president if he still considered the Soviet Union the evil empire. \"No,\" he replied, \"I was talking about another time, another era.\" [215] At Gorbachev's request, Reagan gave a speech on free markets at the Moscow State University . [216] In his autobiography, An American Life , Reagan expressed his optimism about the new direction that they charted and his warm feelings for Gorbachev. [217] The Berlin Wall was torn down beginning in 1989 and two years later the Soviet Union collapsed.", "The second summit took place the following year, in 1986 on October 11, in Reykjavík, Iceland. The meeting was held to pursue discussions about scaling back their intermediate-range ballistic missile arsenals in Europe. The talks came close to achieving an overall breakthrough on nuclear arms control, but ended in failure due to Reagan's proposed Strategic Defense Initiative and Gorbachev's proposed cancellation of it. Nonetheless, cooperation continued to increase and, where it failed, Gorbachev reduced some strategic arms unilaterally.", "One of the first places you will likely visit on a trip to Berlin is the Brandenburg Gate - the last remaining gate of its kind from before the Cold War. It sat directly between East and West Berlin and was a symbol of the division between Berlin and Germany . This was also the location for Ronald Reagan's historic speech to tear down the Berlin Wass: \"General Secretary Gorbachev, if you seek peace, if you seek prosperity for the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe, if you seek liberalization: Come here to this gate! Mr. Gorbachev, open this gate! Mr. Gorbachev, tear down this wall!\"", "President Reagan and General Secretary Gorbachev met on Governor's Island in New York harbor in December 1988, while the Soviet leader was visiting New York City to address the United Nations General Assembly.", "Prior to Gorbachev visiting Washington, D.C., for the third summit in 1987, the Soviet leader announced his intention to pursue significant arms agreements. [247] The timing of the announcement led Western diplomats to contend that Gorbachev was offering major concessions to the United States on the levels of conventional forces, nuclear weapons, and policy in Eastern Europe. [247] He and Reagan signed the Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces (INF) Treaty at the White House, which eliminated an entire class of nuclear weapons. [248] The two leaders laid the framework for the Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty, or START I ; Reagan insisted that the name of the treaty be changed from Strategic Arms Limitation Talks to Strategic Arms Reduction Talks. [243]", "12 June 1987: US President Ronald Reagan, commemorating the 750th anniversary of Berlin, addresses the people of West Berlin at the base of the Brandenburg Gate. \"Tear down this wall!\" was the famous command from Reagan to Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev.AFP", "1987 - Soviet leader Mikhail S. Gorbachev set foot on American soil for the first time. He had come to the U.S. for a Washington summit with U.S. President Reagan .", "Before Gorbachev's visit to Washington, D.C., for the third summit in 1987, the Soviet leader announced his intention to pursue significant arms agreements. The timing of the announcement led Western diplomats to contend that Gorbachev was offering major concessions to the United States on the levels of conventional forces, nuclear weapons, and policy in Eastern Europe. He and Reagan signed the Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty (INF) at the White House, which eliminated an entire class of nuclear weapons. The two leaders laid the framework for the Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty, or START I; Reagan insisted that the name of the treaty be changed from Strategic Arms Limitation Talks to Strategic Arms Reduction Talks.", "President Ronald Reagan delivered a speech at the Brandenburg Gate in West Berlin on June 12, 1987. His comments were to the people of West Berlin, but audible on the East side of the Berlin Wall. Part of Reagan`s intended audience was none other than Mikhail Gorbachev :", "In the three years and four summits that followed, Gorbachev and Reagan worked toward ending the Cold War, and developed a warm relationship. But there would be setbacks. When a nuclear reactor at Chernobyl exploded on April 26, 1986, the Soviet Union did not provide a full account of the accident until May 14. Gorbachev's commitment to glasnost was questioned when he failed to apologize for the disaster in his long-overdue address.", "1990 — President George H. W. Bush announces a planned summit in Washington D.C. with Soviet leader Mikhail S. Gorbachev.", "Gorbachev and Reagan took part in five summits between 1985 and 1988. Their discussions resulted in the signing of the Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty in 1987, which brought about a major reduction in both nations’ weapons stockpiles. The productive dialogue was the result of fresh thinking on both sides, but progress on many points began with Gorbachev’s willingness to abandon long-held Soviet positions.", "In 1989, just after the fall of the Berlin Wall , Bush met with Soviet General Secretary Mikhail Gorbachev in a conference on the Mediterranean island of Malta. The administration had been under intense pressure to meet with the Soviets, but not all initially found the Malta summit to be a step in the right direction; General Brent Scowcroft , among others, was apprehensive about the meeting, saying that it might be \"premature\" due to concerns where, according to Condoleezza Rice, \"expectations [would be] set that something was going to happen, where the Soviets might grandstand and force [the U.S.] into agreements that would ultimately not be good for the United States.\" But European leaders, including François Mitterrand and Margaret Thatcher , encouraged Bush to meet with Gorbachev, [74] something that he did December 2 and 3, 1989. [75] Though no agreements were signed, the meeting was viewed largely as being an important one; when asked about nuclear war, Gorbachev responded, \"I assured the President of the United States that the Soviet Union would never start a hot war against the United States of America. And we would like our relations to develop in such a way that they would open greater possibilities for cooperation.... This is just the beginning. We are just at the very beginning of our road, long road to a long-lasting, peaceful period.\" [76] The meeting was received as a very important step to the end of the Cold War. [77]", "- November1985, Reagan and Mikhail Gorbachev. met for the first time to hold talks on international diplomatic relations and the arms race.", "Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev (; ; born 2 March 1931) is a former Soviet statesman. He was the eighth and last leader of the Soviet Union, having served as General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from 1985 until 1991 when the party was dissolved. He served as the country's head of state from 1988 until its dissolution in 1991 (titled as Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet from 1988 to 1989, as Chairman of the Supreme Soviet from 1989 to 1990, and as President of the Soviet Union from 1990 to 1991). He was the only General Secretary in the history of the Soviet Union to have been born after the October Revolution.", "; born 2 March 1931) is a former Soviet statesman, having served as General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from 1985 until 1991, and as the country's head of state from 1988 until its dissolution in 1991. He was the only general secretary in the history of the Soviet Union to have been born after the October Revolution . Alongside East Germany 's Egon Krenz and Poland 's Wojciech Jaruzelski , Gorbachev is one of the last surviving leaders of an Eastern Bloc state as of 2013.", "Ronald Reagan , Nancy Reagan , Raisa Gorbachyova and Mikhail Gorbachev December 8 , 1987 , after the signing of the INF Treaty .", "The Reagan administration’s strong rhetoric in support of the political aspirations of Eastern European and Soviet citizens was met, following 1985, with a new type of leader in the Soviet Union. Mikhail Gorbachev’s policies of perestroika (restructuring) and glasnost (transparency) further legitimized popular calls for reform from within. Gorbachev also made clear—at first secretly to the Eastern European leaders, then increasingly more public—that the Soviet Union had abandoned the policy of military intervention in support of communist regimes (the Brezhnev Doctrine).", "Reagan (archival): General Secretary Gorbachev, if you seek peace, if you seek prosperity for the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe, if you seek liberalization, come here to this gate. Mr. Gorbachev, open this gate. (applause)", "Gorbachev, in a news conference tonight, painted a bleak picture of U.S.-Soviet relations leading up to this weekend's summit and said that the talks had \"ruptured\" over the fundamental differences between the superpowers on the Strategic Defense Initiative and the Anti-Ballistic Missile treaty. He said Reagan's insistence on deploying SDI had \"frustrated and scuttled\" the opportunity for an agreement.", "A big shift in international affairs was effected. Gorbachev launched an active policy of détente based on the new thinking associated with his name and became a key figure in world politics. The period of 1985 – 1991 was the time of a fundamental change in the USSR’s relations with the West – a move from the image of an enemy, an “evil empire” to a partner image. Gorbachev’s activity played a prominent role in ending the Cold War, stopping the arms race and unifying Germany.", "88. ^ Remarks on the Upcoming Summit With President Mikhail Gorbachev of the Soviet Union, April 5, 1990." ]	[ 7.58203125, 6.9765625, 5.44921875, 4.79296875, 3.95703125, 3.47265625, 2.919921875, 2.396484375, 2.072265625, 1.501953125, 0.9951171875, 0.861328125, 0.7705078125, 0.50390625, 0.5029296875, 0.2374267578125, 0.064697265625, 0.045501708984375, -0.7529296875, -0.986328125, -1.47265625, -1.6220703125, -1.7890625, -2.634765625, -2.986328125, -3.9375, -4.8828125, -5.21484375, -5.2421875, -5.64453125, -6.0234375, -8.171875 ]
Which drink did the Coca Cola Company launch in 1982?	[ "Diet Coke, (called Coca-Cola Light in some countries), is a sugar-free soft drink produced and distributed by The Coca-Cola Company. Unveiled on July 8, 1982 and introduced in the United States on August 9, it was the first new brand since 1886 to use the Coca-Cola trademark. The product quickly overtook the company's existing diet cola, Tab, in sales.", "Two decades later, when Coca-Cola's board elected Goizueta to the post of chairman and chief executive, the company was embarked on a financial mission--to become one of the best-performing corporations in America. Average annual fountain-sales growth under Goizueta has continued to surge. And despite consumer uproar over the company's attempted Coca-Cola reformulation in 1985, the introduction of Diet Coke in 1982 was hailed as the most successful product launch of the past decade.", "Diet Coke, (and similar Coca-Cola light available in some countries), is a sugar-free soft drink produced and distributed by The Coca-Cola Company. Unveiled on July 8, 1982 and introduced in the United States on August 9, it is the first new brand since 1886 to use the Coca-Cola trademark. The product quickly overtook the company’s existing diet cola, Tab, in sales.", "The Coca-Cola Company (NYSE: KO) is the world’s largest beverage company, refreshing consumers with more than 500 sparkling and still brands . Led by Coca-Cola, one of the world’s most valuable and recognizable brands, our Company’s portfolio features 17 billion-dollar brands including Diet Coke , Fanta , Sprite , Coca-Cola Zero , vitaminwater, Powerade , Minute Maid , Simply, Georgia and Del Valle . Globally, we are the No. 1 provider of sparkling beverages, ready-to-drink coffees, and juices and juice drinks. Through the world’s largest beverage distribution system, consumers in more than 200 countries enjoy our beverages at a rate of 1.9 billion servings a day. With an enduring commitment to building sustainable communities, our Company is focused on initiatives that reduce our environmental footprint, support active, healthy living , create a safe, inclusive work environment for our associates, and enhance the economic development of the communities where we operate. Together with our bottling partners, we rank among the world’s top 10 private employers with more than 700,000 system associates.", "In 1985, Coca-Cola, amid much publicity, changed the formula of the drink (although the \"formula\" had been \"changed\" a few years before by the substitution of 1/2 of the original 100% cane sugar sweetener with cheaper corn syrup which never provoked any public outcry). Some authorities believe that New Coke, as the reformulated drink came to be known, was invented specifically to respond to its commercial competitor, Pepsi. Numerous blind taste tests suggested that more consumers preferred the taste of Pepsi (which is believed to have more lemon oil, less orange oil, and uses vanillin rather than vanilla ) to Coke. In taste tests, drinkers were more likely to respond positively to sweeter drinks, and Pepsi had the advantage over Coke because it is much sweeter. Coca-Cola tinkered with the formula and created the new Coke. Follow-up taste tests revealed that most consumers preferred the taste of New Coke to both Coke and Pepsi. The reformulation was led by the then CEO of the company, Roberto Goizueta, and the president Don Keough.", "In 1985, Coca-Cola, amid much publicity, changed the formula of the drink (although the \"formula\" had been \"changed\" a few years before by the substitution of 1/2 of the original 100% cane sugar sweetener with cheaper corn syrup which never provoked any public outcry). Some authorities believe that New Coke, as the reformulated drink came to be known, was invented specifically to respond to its commercial competitor, Pepsi. Numerous blind taste tests suggested that more consumers preferred the taste of Pepsi (which is believed to have more lemon oil, less orange oil, and uses vanillin rather than vanilla ) to Coke. In taste tests, drinkers were more likely to respond positively to sweeter drinks, and Pepsi had the advantage over Coke because it is much sweeter. Coca-Cola tinkered with the formula and created the new Coke. Follow-up taste tests revealed that most consumers preferred the taste of New Coke to both Coke and Pepsi. The reformulation was led by the then CEO of the company, Roberto Goizueta, and the president Don Keough.", "In May 2002 the beverage industry witnessed the successful introduction of Vanilla Coke and Diet Vanilla Coke into the marketplace. It was Coca-Cola's first major successful new drink since it introduced Diet Coke some 20 years earlier. Coca-Cola's hope for its vanilla offerings was to gain market share among the teen market. The company implemented a major marketing push to promote the products, including television spots featuring actor Chazz Palminteri. In the commercials Palminteri's imposing, tough-guy character caught teens in somewhat mischievous situations, such as sneaking looks through peepholes, and rather than punishing the teens, he commended them on their \"youthful curiosity\" and rewarded them with Vanilla Cokes. The launch and the campaign were successful, and Vanilla Coke quickly gained recognition and market share. Within half a year Vanilla Coke was among the top 10 brands in the highly competitive convenience-store arena.", "1979 Mello Yello soft drink is introduced by the Coca Cola company as competition against Mountain Dew.", "Following Fanta® in the 1950s, Sprite®, Minute Maid®, Fresca® and TaB® joined brand Coca-Cola in the 1960s. Mr. Pibb® and Mello Yello® was added in the 1970s. The 1980s brought diet Coke® and Cherry Coke®, followed by POWERADE® and DASANI® in the 1990s. Today hundreds of other brands are offered to meet consumer preferences in local markets around the world.", "After 70 years of success with one brand, Coca-Cola, the Company decided to expand with new flavors: Fanta was originally developed in the 1940s and introduced in the 1950s; Sprite followed in 1961. In 1960, The Coca-Cola Company acquired The Minute Maid Company, adding the line of juices to the Company.", "When launched, Coca-Cola's two key ingredients were cocaine and caffeine . The cocaine was derived from the coca leaf and the caffeine from kola nut , leading to the name Coca-Cola (the \"K\" in Kola was replaced with a \"C\" for marketing purposes).[[\|[26]]][[\|[27]]]", "Mello Yello never made it to the top-10 list, but another Coca-Cola product, Sprite, did. By 2003 Sprite sales, at $57 million, had surpassed Mountain Dew's $54 million. But this followed two consecutive years of losses for both soft drinks. The sales decrease may have been connected to Code Red sales, which reportedly stole market share from the others. As such, in 2003 Coke introduced Sprite Remix, which added tropical flavors to the original drink. The new Sprite, however, could not fully compete with Code Red for two reasons. With zero caffeine, Sprite Remix's market was different than Mountain Dew's. Further, Sprite, unlike Code Red, did not focus on the inner-city market.", "On April 23, 1985, the trade secret \"New Coke\" formula was released. Today, products of the Coca Cola Company are consumed at the rate of more than one billion drinks per day.", "Originally designed to be sold at soda fountains, Coca-Cola was later sold in bottles, whose distinctive shape have become a part of the drink's branding. Major advertising campaigns have established Coca-Cola slogans such as \"The pause that refreshes\" as part of popular culture. The formula for Coke, whose status as a trade secret has been embellished by company lore, once contained trace amounts of cocaine, although as health regulations were tightened, this was removed a long time ago. Nevertheless, Coca-Cola has been criticized for its possible negative health effects, with many urban myths surrounding it. In addition, the commercial success of the drink has been periodically challenged, in particular by its main rival Pepsi-Cola . This tension reached its peak during the 1980s, at the height of the Cola Wars, which eventually resulted in the heavily-publicised introduction of \"New Coke\", intended to replace the original Coca-Cola. The widely unpopular decision was eventually rescinded in the face of public opposition.", "On the 23rd April 1985 the Coca-Cola Company introduced “the new taste of Coca-Cola”, when they replaced the original Coca-Cola formula with a new version. Marking the first major formula change in 99 years, ‘new Coke’.... . .", "PepsiCo also answered the needs of the growing ethnic population of the United States. According to Tom Pirko, president of beverage consultant Bevmark, in a 2001 Advertising Age article, \"More than one third of America's youth are Hispanic or black. Soft drinks are more popular among minorities than Caucasians and among youth than their parents.\" In response, PepsiCo launched three new drinks to meet these demands: Sierra Mist (a lemon-lime soda), Mountain Dew Code Red, and Pepsi Blue (a cola and berry beverage). According to a 2002 New York Times article, \"Both Code Red and Pepsi Blue have sixteen-year-old males as their target consumer.\"", "Target market: The Coca Cola Company beverage, created to compete with 7 Up, was originally promoted heavily as a alcoholic drink mixer. But it has since become popular with a much younger demographic, and is marketed with more forceful slogans (“Obey your thirst!”) alongside popular NBA players and hip-hop stars.", "The following year, when Atlanta and Fulton County passed Prohibition legislation, Pemberton began to develop a non-alcoholic version of the French Wine Coca. He named it Coca-Cola, because it included the stimulant coca leaves from South America and was flavored using kola nuts , a source of caffeine . Pemberton called for 5 ounces of coca leaf per gallon of syrup. The first sales were made at Jacob's Pharmacy in Atlanta, Georgia, on May 8, 1886, and for the first eight months only an average of nine drinks were sold each day. Pemberton ran the first advertisement for the beverage on May 29 that year in the Atlanta Journal.", "Calloway hoped to build on the phenomenal success of the Slice line of fruit juice beverages, which achieved $1 billion in sales and created a new beverage category within just two years of its 1984 introduction. From 1985 to 1993, PepsiCo introduced, acquired, or formed joint ventures to distribute nine beverages, including Lipton Original Iced Teas, Ocean Spray juices, All Sport drink, H2Oh! sparkling water, Avalon bottled water, and Mug root beer. Many of these products had a “ New Age ” light and healthy positioning, in line with consumer tastes, and higher net prices. In 1992, PepsiCo introduced Crystal Pepsi, a clear cola that, while still a traditional soda, also tried to capture the momentum of the “New Age” beverage trend.", "Coca-Cola has also advertised its product to be consumed as a breakfast beverage, instead of coffee or tea for the morning caffeine. ", "By the time PepsiCo greeted the 1980s with the slogan “Pepsi’s got your taste for life!,” Kendall was busy arranging for China to get that taste too; production began there in 1983. Kendall put his seal of approval on several other major developments in the early 1980s, including the introduction of Pepsi Free, a non-caffeine cola, and Slice, the first widely distributed soft drink to contain real fruit juice (lemon and lime). The latter drink was aimed at the growing 7-Up and Sprite market. Additionally, Diet Pepsi was reformulated using a blend of saccharin and aspartame (NutraSweet). “Pepsi Now!” was the cry of company commercials, and this was interspersed with “Taste, Improved by Diet Pepsi.”", "Coca-Cola was bought out by businessman Asa Griggs Candler, whose marketing tactics led Coke to its dominance of the world soft-drink market throughout the 20th century. The name refers to two of its original ingredients: kola nuts, a source of caffeine, and coca leaves. The current formula of Coca-Cola remains a trade secret, although a variety of reported recipes and experimental recreations have been published.", "Texas bottlers were highly competitive. With Cola-Cola leading the way, they maintained an eighty-cent wholesale price for a case of twenty-four bottles. The Coca-Cola franchise system had developed, however, when each plant served an area that a horse-drawn truck could cover in a day. The motor truck expanded dealer territories. Although each community had a wealthy Coca-Cola bottler, Walter Mack, Pepsi president in 1938–39, saw opportunities. Coca-Cola maintained 1,150 franchise areas in the nation, but Mack was able to franchise 550 areas for Pepsi. Pepsi also ran ads at independent radio stations and later on the networks. By early 1938 many Texas Coca-Cola bottlers, under company pressure, had dropped all flavors except Coca-Cola. Dr Pepper started franchising in 1925 and offered the drink to Coca-Cola bottlers, who declined to accept. In 1938 the Texas soft-drink industry comprised 297 plants. Most held multiple franchises.", "Jolt Cola, the first \"energy drink,\" came out in the 1980s and has remained popular with college students.", "This is a nod to the 80s for real, EVERYONE was on the Hubba Bubba Soda, we drank it like it was going out of style (and it was) you’d eventually get tired of drinking bubble gum but in its day, the coolest of the cool downed that Hubba son!", "1983 The soft drink market grows more competitive, but for Pepsi drinkers, the battle is won. The time is right and so is their soft drink. It's got to be \"Pepsi Now!\"", "Coca Cola manufactures their drink concentrate in America. The marketing of its products is also completed in America.", "Realizing the growing popularity of the soft drink, Joseph Biedenharn began bottling Coca-Cola in the rear of his Mississippi soda shop in 1894. At the time, there was no centralized bottling system for any beverage, and the concept of purchasing a drink for home enjoyment was still new to consumers.", "The 1980s was the era of leg warmers, headbands and the fitness craze – and a time of much change and innovation at The Coca‑Cola Company.", "1886: Coca-Cola, invented by Dr John Pemberton of Atlanta, Georgia, was launched as an Esteemed Brain Tonic and Intellectual Beverage. It was not until 1894 that mass production bottling began.", "Today, products of the Coca Cola Company are consumed at the rate of more than one billion drinks per day.", "The advertisement fell into disuse in 2001, as the Coca-Cola company restructured its advertising campaigns so that advertising around the world was produced locally in each country, rather than centrally in the company's headquarters in Atlanta, Georgia.[[\|[73]]] In 2007, the company brought back the campaign after, according to the company, many consumers telephoned its information center saying that they considered it to mark the beginning of Christmas.[[\|[72]]] The advertisement was created by U.S. advertising agency Doner, and has been part of the company's global advertising campaign for many years.[[\|[74]]]" ]	[ 5.6484375, 5.36328125, 5.23046875, 2.267578125, 1.37109375, 1.37109375, 0.615234375, 0.261474609375, 0.09283447265625, -0.415771484375, -0.51318359375, -0.8564453125, -0.982421875, -1.4638671875, -1.8759765625, -2.484375, -2.498046875, -2.6015625, -2.658203125, -3.01953125, -3.046875, -3.482421875, -3.671875, -3.720703125, -4.16015625, -4.33984375, -4.87890625, -5.875, -5.90625, -6.1328125, -6.484375, -6.921875 ]

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