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129 | Blast From the Past: Sew A 1930s Dress From Scratch
The 1930s brought about some weird times; some women dressed in clothes made out of sacks, yet some dressed extravagantly. Regardless of class, one thing in common was that skirts were a big trend. The 1930s dress pattern was a slim-waist and cut on the bias. I love this classic, clean-cut style and in this DIY tutorial, I will show you how to sew a vintage 1930s dress! Let’s get to it.
Tools and materials:
- Fabric for mockup
- Fabric for dress
- Sewing machine
- Fabric scissors
- 1930’s slim waistline dress pattern
Start with a mockup
A mockup is a rough copy of what you will be sewing. It will ensure that they are correct before you cut out ( and possibly waste) your fabric. Place your patterns on the fabric, pin them to the fabric, and cut around.
See if the mockup fits & measure accordingly
In my video, you will see that this mockup was actually too big for me and I had only realized this once I had sewn the fabric pieces together. The waistline was not slim, either. So I went back to the drawing board, measured my waist, got all the necessary measurements, and cut the dress again using a different fabric. Remember, a 1930s style dress needs to sit tight on your body.
Cut out the fabric
Once you have measured your waistline and hips, pin the pattern to the fabric and cut it out. Since the skirt is on the bias, and not on the straight grain, make sure to cut it diagonally.
Iron your fabric pieces
Have all your pieces ready, including sleeves, front and back pieces, and so forth. Before you jump to the sewing part, make sure to iron out all your fabric pieces. Ironing will ensure that the measurements stay true to your body.
Sew your fabric pieces
Focus on the skirt piece first. Hem the edges and stitch. My fabric was not versatile and kept on fraying, so I did a zig-zag stitch, which also did not help the fraying. In the end, I resorted to rolling the hem and sewed it by hand. If your fabric does the same, know that there’s a way around this, and sewing by hand would be your best bet.
Measure the skirt
Once you have sewed your skirt, wear it and see how it fits. If it’s still too big, take it in and keep doing this until you have your desired, slim- waist look. Mine was an inch too wide, and as you can see, I had to take it in.
Connect the bodice to the skirt
Pin your skirt piece to your bodice and sew them together.
Install an invisible zipper
This process looks hard and tedious, and you probably want to get the project done so that you can flaunt your newly sewn 1930s day dress, but it has to be done! Carefully pin the zipper inside the hem of the back part, pin it, and sew it together.
Attach the sleeve to the bodice
Yes, one more step before you have yourself a lovely vintage 1930s dress. The last piece you need to attach is the sleeve to the bodice and now your dress is complete!
Wow, would you look at that! I am so happy with the way it turned out. Even if there were a few sewing mishaps along the way ( it happens to everyone, as you can see). It’s chic, stylish, and screams 1930s glamour! The slim waist, sweetheart neckline, and pattern of the fabric just look amazing. I hope I inspired you with this vintage 1930s dress tutorial, it was great fun.
- Sewing machine
- Fabric scissors
The author may collect a small share of sales from the links on this page. | Fiber Arts | 8 | 159 |
129 | When it comes to your shirts they can get a bit boring, especially if they are simple shirts for work or school. With things like cheap embroidery designs, an embroidery design shop, or embroidery designs for embroidery machines you can spice up your shirts and make them something truly special. Personalized embroidery patterns are great for adding your initials to a shirt, adding your logos for work or a business, or even adding fun little designs that are just meant to add detail.
A custom t shirt is a great way to feel great about what you are wearing and also to add that extra bit of flair and personality to the shirt. If you own a business or you just want to make your shirts stand out, embroidery is a wonderful option that does not cost a ton of money and that won’t affect the overall structure and integrity of the shirt. The right embroidery can make any shirt more fun. Finding the right company to embroider and screen print your shirts is essential and can make a huge difference on the finished product.
From monogram shirts to sports team custom shirts, screen printing has become a huge part of the business world here in the United States. We don’t think about it much, but almost everybody has at least one screen printed article of clothing, most typically and most likely to be a t shirt of some sort. Screen printing has a wide variety of different applications and can be used by many different people, from t shirt companies to those who are looking fund raise for a charitable organization of some sort and are interested in creating t shirts to back up their cause and advertise it. From monogram shirts to family reunion shirts, the applications of screen printing are truly endless.
And screen printing has a longer history here in the United States than many people realize, dating back more than fifty years ago. In fact, history backs this up, showing that screen printing and screen printing techniques were used to create promotional items for the movie of The Wizard of Oz back in the year of 1939. This is considered to be one of the first promotional uses of a screen printing machine ever, not just in the United States. Of course, in the years that have intervened since, now more than fifty of them, screen printing technologies have advanced considerably and are now commonplace and easy to reproduce. Screen printing services are particularly common for group events and teams, as it is easy to screen print the same shirt with the same thing, allowing for a greater sense of unity – and even some advertisement, if it is so desired. Screen printing has now reached a tremendous level of success here in the United States, now valued to be more than nine billion dollars.
Aside from screen printing, embroidery is another way in which sports and other articles of clothing can be embellished upon. Like screen printing, embroidery (which is often considered to be a form of art) has a long history here in the United States and in many other corners of this earth as well. Embroidery even has a much longer history than that of screen printing and has been traced back to the year of around thirty thousand BC. It has remained a cherished art form ever since, but has many practical purposes as well. Embroidered t shirts and the like, such as monogram shirts, are very popular nowadays, and getting an embroidered monogram shirt is not hard to do, at least not here in the United States but most likely not in other parts of the world as well. But while some monogram shirts and other embroidery projects are likely to still be hand embroidered (particularly when embroidery is done primarily as a hobby and not as a profession or even necessarily with the intent to sell anything), industry and production methods have advanced quite a bit since that year of thirty thousand BC, when the practice of and the art of embroidery first came into being.
Back in the year of 1870, still more than one hundred years ago and very nearly one hundred and fifty years ago, the first hand powered embroidery looms came into being. In the years that have passed since, more efficient methods of embroidery have been developed and it can now be mass produced on any number of products. From monogram shirts to decorative blouses, embroidery plays an important role in the production of clothing all around the world, not just here in the United States.
From monogram shirts to screen printed t shirts, screen printing and embroidery have both been what you could call revolutionary in the production of clothes all throughout the world. They provide an easy way to add a little flair to clothing, or even to include important information such as charity donation information or advertising information. In fact, screen printed shirts as marketing tools have become very common throughout sports leagues, even children’s ones. On top of this all, screen printed and embroidered clothing is likely to be cheap, making them affordable to all. | Fiber Arts | 8 | 159 |
129 | - 10″ REGULATOR
- 16″ BUTTONING NEEDLE DOUBLE BAYONET ENDED (13 gauge)
- 12″ STRAIGHT NEEDLE BAYONET ENDED
- 10 SKEWERS 4″
- 30 UPHOLSTERY PINS
- BAYONET CURVED SPRINGING NEEDLE, 5″ (10 gauge)
- THREE CURVED NEEDLES, 2″, 3″ & 5”
Bayonet needles have sharpened flat edged tips which make stitching much easier than the cheaper round point needles.
- A strong steel regulator for manipulating stuffing, holding corners and folding pleats.
- A 16” double ended bayonet needle for stitching through the deepest seats or inserting buttons in thick cushions where a 12” needle is just not long enough.
- A 12” straight double ended bayonet needle for traditional stitching.
- Skewers to hold your fabrics while you stitch them.
- Upholsterers pins which are heavier than dressmaking pins for upholstery fabrics.
- A 5” bayonet ended springing needle for stitching laid cord through the strongest webbings with ease.
- Set of three circular (cording) needles for slip stitching and sewing braid cord etc.
If you are serious about upholstery this is the needle kit for you. | Fiber Arts | 8 | 159 |
129 | A lovely baby boy blanket created using a combination of single crochet, chains and the bobble stitch. The addition of a ribbed border gives this blanket a lovely finish. The pattern uses two different coloured yarns: one for the bobble row and border and a different one for the rest of the blanket. You can use colours of your preference to adapt your blanket to your style.
The combinations are endless and the result always very pretty. You can use a variegated yarn for a stunning result (as in the blanket pictured in the pattern) or use different colours for the bobble row creating a rainbow or colour gradient effect. It is the perfect gift for a new baby! However, the pattern can be adapted to your preferred size so this would fit anyone, from babies to adults.
The blanket pictured in the photos measures 113cm (length) x 83cm (width), including the border. The amount of yarn specified below is for making this size blanket. Gauge is not particularly important for this pattern. If your tension is consistent throughout the blanket, this will provide you with a symmetrical shape for your blanket. If you are looking to crochet a blanket which is of similar size to the one pictured in this pattern the gauge for a 10 x 10 cm square should be 20 stitches by 18 rows.
What you will need:
- A size 4 crochet hook
- 5 skeins of King Cole Cherish DK – Colour Bubblegum (1119) – Colour A
- 3 skeins of King Cole Cherished DK – Colour White (1410) – Colour B
- 1 tapestry needle
About the pattern:
- The pattern repeat is 14 chains plus 2. Chain sets of 14 chains until you are happy with the width. This will be the width of your blanket. Once you have reached your desired width, chain a further 2 chains.
- To create the pattern, crochet 11 rows using a combination of single crochet / chain one. The 12th row is the bobble row. Then continue with another 11 rows of single crochet /chain one.
- To crochet the blanket pictured in this pattern, 140 chains plus 2 are needed. Use Colour A for your chains.
- Abbreviations (US terminology):
- Chain – CH
- Slip stitch – SL ST
- Single stitch – SC
- Bobble stitch – BO
- ROW 1: Still using Colour A, single crochet (SC) in the second chain from hook. Chain 1 (CH 1) and skip the next chain. SC in the next chain. Continue in this way along the entire chain. When you reach the last two chains, you should CH1 and SC in the last stitch. You should have 141 stitches. CH 1 and turn.
- ROWS 2-11: Repeat ROW 1. Essentially, you will be doing a SC on top of the SC of the previous row and CH 1/skip chain on top of the previous CH 1/skip chain. Fasten off colour A.
- ROW 12: Using colour B, BO in the first stitch and continue with SC 13. Repeat this 10 times. BO in the last stitch. In the same stitch do a slip stitch (SL ST). Fasten off colour B. Attach colour A, CH 1 and turn.
- ROWS 13 – 23: Repeat ROW 1. Fasten off colour A.
- ROW 24: Using colour B, SC 7, *BO, SC 13. Repeat from * until you have 8 stitches left. BO in the next stitch, SC in the remaining stitches. SL ST in the last stitch. Fasten off colour B. Attach colour A, CH 1 and turn.
- Repeat ROWS 1- 24 until you are happy with the length of your blanket.
- To finish off your blanket, repeat ROW 1 for 11 rows. This will make your blanket symmetrical. To create the length of the blanket pictured in this pattern, repeat ROWS 1-24 7 times. Then repeat ROW 12 and repeat ROW 1 for another 11 rows. Fasten off your yarn.
- Weave in your ends.
Here is a video tutorial for making the bobble stitch:
To create the border:
- Using Colour B, SC around the blanket. Add 3 SC to each corner. SL ST when you reach the start of your SC row. Repeat once more and fasten off your yarn.
- Still using Colour B, attach your yarn on one corner and CH8. SC in the second chain from hook. SC across the rest of the chains towards the blanket. You should have 7SC.
- To attach the border to the blanket, SL ST in the next two stitches. Turn your work and SC in the front loop of the next 6 stiches. Do a normal SC on the last stich. CH 1, SC 1 and SC in the front loop only in the next 6 stitches. Connect your border to the blanket by SL ST in the next two stitches.
- Continue in the same way across the side of the blanket. On your last 7 SC row, SL ST only once. Fasten off your yarn.
- Repeat the same on the opposite side of the blanket. Then tackle the two remaining sides in the same way by attaching the yarn at the edge of the border previously created.
- Weave in your ends. | Fiber Arts | 8 | 159 |
129 | A reader got in touch yesterday and asked me about how I worked out the pleats in my box pleated skirt so I thought I’d post the info for doing just that .
This is the formula I like for working out box pleat markings and how much fabric it will take:
(A) your waist measurement divided by total number of box pleats desired= what each pleat face will measure
(B) your waist measurement multiplied by 3= total amount of fabric needed (excluding seam allowances) because a box pleat takes 3x its width in fabric.
For example if you want a skirt with 6 box pleats (3 across the front and 3 across the back) and your waist is 72 cms the formula would look like this:
(A) 72 cm waist divided by 6 pleats = 12cms which is the width of each pleat at the waist and the spacing you need to mark 3 times to create each pleat. So for 6 pleats and a 72cm waist you’d mark ten 12cm spaces for both the front and back. You’re thinking hmmm but 3×3 is 9 , yes but you need a line for the ninth mark to pleat over to so thats why you need to mark a tenth.
(B) 72 cm waist x 3 = 216cm is the total amount of fabric needed though you do need to add some extra for seam allowances. Say add 5cm for seam allowances and there you have the running meterage you need: 2.21 metres for cutting along the selvedge if using a striped fabric like in the red and white skirt above that I did for Making magazine a few months ago. That skirt only has one seam in the left side where the zip was inserted.
In -A- you can use the number of pleats you like i.e. 6, 8 or 10 etc. Or use an odd number like 7 or 9. An even number of pleats tends to sit better around a body and then you get seams at the sides for adding pockets in but that may be more about my personal preferences rather than being a fact.
The diagram shows the directions to make the box pleat folds in.
To cut across the fabric so your skirt is made from two pieces like my orange linen one with two side seams (where you can add in-seam pockets) then the meterage you need would be twice the finished skirt length you want plus hem and waistband seam allowances. Regarding fabric width to cut it like this- larger waist sizes will need wider width fabrics or more than two seams in the skirt. To estimate the width needed for your waist size divide the running meterage total you calculated in back in -B- in half. This gives you an idea of what width fabric you’ll need for each of the two halves of your skirt. As a basic guide: waists 62cm -72cm should fit across 114cm width fabric, 77cm need 125cm width and 82 & 8cms require 140cm width fabric. As a work-around for larger waist sizes or if you’re working with a very narrow fabric the skirt could be cut in 3 or 4 panels with the seams hidden in the back folds of the pleats. Or go back to cutting it along the length of the fabric so you aren’t restricted by a limited width fabric.
It’s a good idea to test marking and folding it out on a long strip of paper first if you are unsure of any aspect of this.
Thank you to ‘iconoplast’ and Nico who both helped me see the way to simplify my calculations from A-B-C to just A & B.
Sewing up the skirt is just a matter of pinning and stay-stitching all the pleats in place. Sewing the right side seam closed and adding a zip in the left one. Adding a waistband on with a button or hook and bar to close and sewing up the hem. You can knock a skirt out in a couple of hours. | Fiber Arts | 8 | 159 |
129 | Many of our designs utilize charts as part of the instructions. There are four types of charts featured in the collection: Knit/Purl patterning, Stranded Colorwork, Cables, and Lace. While most of the basic principles of knitting charts are the same regardless of the type of chart, we’ve broken it down into the four components.
Part 4 of 4: Working from Charts: Lace
Out of the 4 topics covered in this series, lace patterns are probably the most frequently confused by knitters. The nature of lace stitches – increasing and decreasing in order to create motifs – makes it more difficult to visualize just what your knitting is supposed to look like. We argue, though, that unlike a lace pattern written out longhand, a charted lace pattern tells you both exactly what you should be doing AND what your knitting should look like.
Lace Chart Keys:
You may remember from the Knit/Purl patterning section where we said each single square on the chart represents a single stitch on your needle, and the symbol in the square tells you what to do with that stitch. While this is technically the case with lace knitting, each square represents what is occurring after you have worked the stitch(es).
Above is a sample of a very simple lace chart worked in rounds. If you were to write this chart out, it would read as follows:
Round 1: *K2tog, yo; rep from * around.
Round 2: *K2; rep from * around.
Repeat Rounds 1-2 for pattern.
Even though in the “knit 2 stitches together” action you are working with 2 stitches and knitting them together, you can see the box only occupies one stitch because you are taking two stitches and making them into one. And, even though the yarn over is making a stitch where one does not exist, the yarn over symbol occupies one box because you are taking zero stitches and making one.
Note: One of the rules of lace knitting – charted or written out – is that for every increase there has to be a decrease to maintain proper stitch count, so this sample chart shows that you start with two stitches and decrease one then increasing one, and you end up with two stitches after both actions have been worked.
Working in Rounds:
For all charts, all rounds are charted and all rounds are RS. When working in the round, you will read all rounds from right to left.
Since the chart is worked in ROUNDS, you would work the above chart as follows:
Round 1: *P2, k2tog, k1, yo, k1, yo, k1, ssk, p3; rep from * around.
Rounds 2, 4, 6: *K12; rep from * around.
Round 3: *P1, k2tog, k1, yo, k1, p1, k1, yo, k1, ssk, p2; rep from * around.
Round 5: *K2tog, k1, yo, k1, p3, k1, yo, k1, skp, p1; rep from * around.
Working in Rows:
When working in flat in rows, if both RS and WS rows are charted, you will read RS rows from right to left and WS rows from left to right. If WS rows are not charted, there will be separate written instructions telling you what to do on the WS rows.
Note: Typically, RS rows are odd numbered rows, and WS rows are even numbered rows. This is not always the case, though, so it is important to pay attention to which rows are RS, and which are WS.
If the above chart is worked in ROWS, you work all odd numbered (RS) rows from right to left and even numbered (WS) rows from left to right as follows:
Row 1 (RS): *P2, k2tog, k1, yo, k1, yo, k1, ssk, p3; rep from * around.
Rows 2, 4, 6 (WS): *P12; rep from * around.
Row 3 (RS): *P1, k2tog, k1, yo, k1, p1, k1, yo, k1, ssk, p2; rep from * around.
Row 5 (RS): *K2tog, k1, yo, k1, p3, k1, yo, k1, skp, p1; rep from * around.
IMPORTANT NOTE: When looking at the chart, regardless of whether or not you are working flat or in rounds, the chart is a visual representation of what your knitting looks like from the RIGHT SIDE.
CHARTS WITH INCREASES: One of the most popular lace patterns are triangular or square shawl patterns. We have many in the Kelbourne Woolens pattern collection: Parquet, Kindling, Honey Hollow, Meadowsweet, and Aleda from Little Things are just a few examples.
When working charts with increases, there isn’t much more that you need to know, except the “one decrease / one increase” rule is broken, as you are increasing stitches in order to create the triangular shape. This is most typically done via a YO or M1 on the edges of the triangular segments that are not paired with a decrease. In the case of Aleda, the increases are created with both YO increases, as well as a unique 1-5 increase:
If written out, the chart above would be as follows:
Row 1 (RS): (K1, yo, k1, yo, k1) into the same stitch – 5 sts.
Row 2 (WS): P5.
Row 3 (RS): YO, k5, YO – 7 sts.
Row 4 (WS): P7.
Row 5 (RS): YO, k7, YO – 9 sts.
Row 6 (WS): K9.
Row 7 (RS): (K1, yo, k1, yo, k1) into the same stitch, k1, skp, k1, k2tog, k1, (K1, yo, k1, yo, k1) into the same stitch – 15 sts.
Row 8 (WS): P15.
Thus concludes our 4 part series on working from charts! If there is something about charts that still eludes you that we did not cover, leave a comment or send us an email, and we’ll be sure to add it or cover it in a new post! | Fiber Arts | 8 | 159 |
129 | Okey Dokey, here is my first attempt at a tutorial…feedback encouraged! Hopefully at least some of this makes sense. 🙂
I’m going to explain the ridiculous way I figured out how to do the gradient water/waves quilt. It is entirely possible there is a better way to do this, but this way worked for me, so hopefully it works for you!
First let’s take a look at the pattern repeat. The quilt is made up of two rows that repeat as many times as you’d like them to. You can use a variety of colors, but for this version I chose a six color version, seen below.
Here is a better look at how the blocks are pieced together to make up the rows:
As you can see above, there are 2 rows of 6 blocks each. All of those blocks will be made via strip piecing. Each strip set will produce 4 blocks, which is enough for a lap size throw in the end if you do 6 blocks across. To make the quilt shown in this tutorial you end up needing 12 strip sets to produce the 12 blocks above.
Now it is time to figure out the pesky colors and how many strips of each color you need. First, number your chosen colors (I literally pinned a piece of paper with a written number to each color fabric). Next, using the pattern repeat diagram and the colors chosen, number the colors and where they occur in your diagram, like below.
Now go through and count the number of times each color appears in the strips (ie; how many times the number 1 appears in the diagram, etc), and presto, the number of strips you need of each color! Write this down by your chosen colors and get to work cutting out your strips. Again, I kept the color number pinned to each stack of strips so I wouldn’t get confused, especially if you are using similar colors!
I cut my strips 2.25 inches so that I could end up getting 4 blocks per strip set. You can use 2.5 inches, but you only end up getting 3 blocks per strip set with a bunch of leftover fabric.
After you’ve sewn your strips together it is time to cut them down to size. If you used a scant 1/4 inch as your seam allowance you’ll end up with your strip set being 9.25″ from top to bottom, and 42-44″ in length. Measure and cut down to 9.25″ squares.
Now, piece together your columns:
After you are done with your columns, sew them together and you should end up with something like this:
I went ahead and put together a diagram you can print and color in, since everyone doesn’t have the luxury of Adobe Illustrator. Works the same way, just color, number, and sew! The diagram includes more rows and columns than the tutorial quilt, just in case you want to try more colors.
If you end up making one, I’d love for you to comment on this post with a link to your blog post about it! Happy sewing everyone! Here is the blue version I have yet to quilt (Blogged here): | Fiber Arts | 8 | 159 |
129 | Welcome back to the coverage of le Tour de Gansey, part deux; part of the Tour de France Knitalong! Today, it’s time for:
Stage Two: Garter Welts
At the end of the last stage, we’d established a sturdy but decorative cast-on. In this stage, we first knit from this cast-on 11 rows of garter stitch over half of the number of stitches we’ll use around the body of the gansey, forming a welt that will hang straight at the bottom of the sweater:
Then we knit a second one, in the exact same manner, and prepare to join them, overlapping two stitches on either side, thus creating a split, overlapping garter welt which form a non-binding bottom edge to the garment:
Next we make the first overlap, by putting two stitches from the righthand needle on a dpn, and then purling two together from the dpn and the lefthand needle, twice. This overlaps the welts, and starts the two stitch purl faux-seam which will run up each side of the sweater:
Here is the first overlap:
And here is the finished split, overlapping garter welt, after the second overlap is performed:
And with that, it’s time to move on to Stage 3: Plain Area, Seam Stitches, and Definition Ridge! | Fiber Arts | 8 | 159 |
129 | You are more aware of stocking stitch than you might realise. Take a look at what you’re wearing, and look closely – your socks, tights, and jersey top are all likely knitted in stocking stitch. By a machine? Yes, of course, those v-shaped stitches are tiny. But it’s exactly the same when you get going with your knitting.
Stocking stitch (abbreviated to st st or stst in patterns), is a roomy, stretchy fabric. Using a mix of knit and purl stitches, it is smooth on the right side of the fabric, with horizontal rows of ridges on the purl side.
Unlike moss stitch or garter stitch, which are both textured stitch patterns, stocking stitch (or ‘stockinette stitch’ if you’re in the US) has a smooth surface on the knit side – perfect for embroidery or showcasing some colourwork. That being said, some knitting patterns will instead direct you to work ‘reverse stocking stitch’, which is exactly the same, but with the purl side of the fabric (the ridged, bumpy side) facing outwards, for a slightly different look.
What you need to knit stocking stitch
Needles and yarn. In fact, any yarn with the recommended needle size – which you can find the information for on its label.
If you’re knitting toys, you’ll find that knitting patterns will direct you to use far smaller needles than recommended. This is to help keep the stuffing in and stop your more intricate knitted shapes from warping and stretching.
How to knit stocking stitch with step-by-step pictures
Cast on your chosen number of stitches. Stocking stitch works with absolutely any number of stitches. To get a clue for how many you might need to knit a piece of stocking stitch in a particular size, see the end of this article.
Stocking stitch is made up of two rows:
Row 1: Knit to end.
Row 2: Purl to end.
That’s it! All you need to do to keep going is repeat rows 1 and 2. You’ll soon spot if you’ve gone astray along the way as a clear ridge will begin to appear on your smooth side.
Reading your ball band and beyond
Every single ball of yarn you buy will come with a handy guide for how to use it – this can be found on its label or ball band. As well as telling you how to wash and care for your finished items, and what needle size you should consider using, it will also tell you how many stitches and rows should create about 10cm square.
This guide to creating a 10cm square is a gauge to check your tension – how tightly or loosely you’re knitting. If you do have a go with the recommended number of stitches to check your tension, and it comes out too small, chances are you’re a tight knitter – so you should try going up at least one needle size. Too loose and your square will be larger than 10cm, so you might want to try going down a needle size.
But most importantly, these guides are all provided on the understanding that you’re using stocking stitch for this test. Knitting patterns will be more specific though so always be sure to read them before you start. | Fiber Arts | 8 | 159 |
129 | Losing them, fixing them, forgetting to put them in
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Zenobia Barlow directs The Center for Ecoliteracy that wants to help young children hold on to the wonder they naturally find in trees, rivers, and animals before it’s lost to the culture of television, computers, and consumerism. The center is a public foundation that funds San Francisco Bay Area schools and manages a publishing imprint, Learning in the Real World. Barlow worked for the Office of Child Development and the American Academy of Pediatrics. More recently, Barlow was the executive director of the Elmwood Institute, an ecological think tank and international network of activists and scholars founded by physicist, systems theorist, and author Fritjof Capra. | Fiber Arts | 8 | 159 |
129 | Tutor Ali Robinson writes about our first crochet workshop on 9 April 2022,
This was a lovely and fun workshop. Crochet was a new activity for all but one participant (she needed a refresher). There was lots of chat about how awkward the hook felt, especially trying to pull the yarn through to make chains. And keeping your tension right!
Crochet tip! Keep practising chaining.
Participants found their own way, either just watching or writing down a sequence of “how to”. Planning out a route, and map reading. It was great to see them take off and try the next stitches for themselves. Freeform crochet was spoken about too, great to see the participants learning and attempting the pattern. Some mandala makers in the making!
Crochet tip! It’s all about counting and sequence …
In the time we had, all four managed to get to round three, much further on than I thought they might. I was asked aobut colour changes, and I managed to show this … however, we were out of time. Next time perhaps.
Information sheets, with helpful links were handed out. And when asked if they found it helpful? Yes!
We’ve planned another beginners crochet workshop in May, check our booking page for the new date. | Fiber Arts | 8 | 159 |
129 | When first meeting a beginner knitter they often say their ultimate goal is to knit a sweater. It’s the reason they picked up the knitting needles and signed up for a class; it’s the motivation that keeps them working through dropped stitches, decoding knitting terms and yarn tangles. The journey of a knitter’s first project ever to knitting a sweater may be long or short but one important thing is required: confidence.
How does one build confidence in knitting? By creating a solid foundation of skills and knowledge while working on patterns that are well written, with good tools and lots of practice. New knitters can quickly become discouraged by picking a pattern that is not suited to their knitting ability or pairing a project with a difficult to work with yarn. New students can forget what it feels like to be in the learning seat and may expect knitting to be easy, their stitches to be perfect and to not make any mistakes. The fact is that learning a new skill takes time and patience plus willingness to make mistakes. A beginner knitter can feel vulnerable, unsure and uncoordinated when trying to maneuver yarn, needles, pattern and notions. A new knitter can also feel brave and like a magician as they take two sticks and a ball of yarn and make fabric that transforms into something they can wear. Build your skills with classes, projects and practice and knitting a sweater becomes possible.
Learning to knit is a series of steps. Casting on and the knit stitch come before the purl stitch and casting off. Each skill learned unlocks the next step. If you’re a beginner knitter with the goal of knitting your own sweaters, here is one way to get there: Taste of Knitting Series that takes you from cowl to sweater. Beginning with the My First Cowl Class, you learn to cast on, the knit and purl stitch and how to cast off with straight needles and bulky yarn. You learn Garter stitch, Stockinette Stitch, Rib Stitch and what all those terms mean. Plus steam blocking, whip stitch seaming and weaving in ends. It can sound like a lot to the absolute beginner knitter but it’s broken into digestible bits with lots of support along the way. When the 3 series class is over, I encourage the knitter to frog (unravel) and start again or cast on a whole new cowl. Practice is what cements newly acquired techniques.
Once the knitter feels solid with knit/purl, casting on/off, learning to knit a hat is a great next step. In My First Hat Class, the knitter learns how to use circular needles to knit in the round, two types of decrease stitches plus how to knit the crown of a hat with double pointed needles. It reinforces what the knitter already knows while introducing a few new skills. Another step closer to knitting a sweater.
The next step is becoming familiar with practicing all the techniques learned in the cowl and hat class with smaller needles and lighter yarn. Starting with larger needles and bulky yarn helps the knitter see stitches (and mistakes) easily and finish projects quickly. Working with smaller needles and lighter yarn pushes the knitter to work on a smaller canvas. Here the knitter begins to determine more concretely what kind of yarn and needles they like to work with: straight or circular needles, bulky down to fingering weight yarn. In My First Shawl Class knitters learn a new increase stitch and cast on method, get loads of practice with knit and purl stitches, following a pattern, fixing mistakes, how to track your knitting and be introduced to gauge and blocking. Taking this class sets the knitter up for successful sweater knitting. While a knitter can most definitely go from the My First Hat to My First Sweater, the learning curve will be steeper but not impossible. After completing the shawl class, the new knitter is an adventurous beginner or intermediate knitter and ready to knit a sweater.
Knitting a sweater is so much fun and it takes an investment in time and resources. It’s important to begin with a well written pattern, good tools and yarn that is a joy to knit. In My First Sweater Class, the knitter learns all about gauge, a new cast on method, how to do a new increase stitch and short rows at the same time, employ the increase tracking methods they liked from previous projects or pick up ideas for new ways. Plus ways to customize the fit of the sweater are introduced. Confidence builds with each stitch as you knit the collar, the yoke, the body and the sleeves.
The goal with each class is to build confident knitters with a solid knit knowledge foundation and that takes time and attention. The Taste of Knitting Series is one path a knitter can take from their first stitch to their first sweater. Where the knitter goes from here? Who knows? The possibilities are endless!
All classes are listed here and updated for fall, winter and spring. Sign up for the newsletter at the bottom of the home page to keep up to date on all that’s happening at My Casa Azul. | Fiber Arts | 8 | 159 |
129 | Early in July, I shared a little project on my Instagram that I made using one of my favourite patterns, a classic granny square. It was a simple project and was my first time using Scheepjes Catona yarn. I thought it might be a good opportunity to provide a little crochet tutorial on how I made it and put it together.
If you aren’t familiar with how to make a classic granny square, you can find my tutorial here: Granny Square Tutorial
To begin, you will need:
– 2 colours of Scheepjes Catona yarn (this piece took less than 2 skeins). Skeins will be referred to as “Colour A” and “Colour B”
– 3.5mm crochet hook
– Yarn needle for weaving in ends
This centrepiece contains a total of 16 little squares. Each square has 3 rounds. Rounds 1 and 2 are the main granny square cluster design. Round 3 is a simple single crochet border between the stitches.
Make two groups of 8 granny squares:
Group 1 (Round 1 – colour A. Round 2 – colour B. Round 3 – colour A)
Group 2 (Round 1 – colour B. Round 2 – colour A. Round 3 – colour B)
When your 16 squares are complete, arrange them by alternating the colour patterns in each row so that the same group lines up diagonally.
Use your preferred method to stitch the squares together. I used an invisible seam for mine.
Once your squares are stitched together, choose either colour A or colour B to begin your border. Create one single crochet round. around the entire piece with 3 single crochet stitches in each corner. When you get back to the beginning, ss into your beginning sc and ch 1. Complete another single crochet round. In your corners, create 3 single crochet stitches in the 2nd stitch of the previous round’s corner single crochet. Slip stitch into your beginning single crochet. Fasten off.
With your alternating yarn colour, attach your yarn and create one more single crochet round on all edges. In your corners, create 3 single crochet stitches in the 2nd stitch of the previous round’s corner single crochet. Slip stitch into your beginning single crochet. Fasten off.
Weave in your ends and block if required. Once completed and depending on your tension, your finished piece should measure approximately 9×9 inches.
Scheepjes Catona works wonderfully for a project like this. You could use your new centrepiece for a variety of decor purpose; I have mine on my patio table for a nice pop of colour when I’m on the deck.
I hope you found this little walk through helpful in laying out a simple granny square centrepiece. | Fiber Arts | 8 | 159 |
129 | Curved bench. We think the likely answer to this clue is ARCHWAY. Dear Friends, if you are seeking to finish the race to the end of the game but you are blocked at Word Lanes Entrance with curved structure overhead, you could consider that you are already a winner ! The backstage entrance to the theatre. The entrance to the home is accentuated by masses of annual flowers that frame the bluestone steps. Table 4-1 Entrance Types and RulesF-97 Table 4-2 Summary of Entrance Throats F-102 Table 4-3 Design Vehicle and Turning Radius by Land UseF-104 . The new permeable driveway is built of recycled clay bricks placed on gravel. Answers of Entrance With Curved Structure Overhead might change from time to time on each game update. From $67.74 $89.99 . Find more similar words at wordhippo.com! This answers first letter of which starts with A and can be found at the end of H. We think ARCH is the possible answer on this clue. Linvisibile hinged system is available also with a Curved leaf version. Its curved design stands up to the elements, while the three black brackets feature . Portable and assembles in minutes. It is distinguished by the use of adjustable concealed hinges and the absence of door frames or jambs to achieve seamless continuity between wall and door. Road Design Manual Appendix F Page F-1 DEFINITIONS Acceleration Lane: An auxiliary lane, including tapered areas, that . CodyCross is an addictive game developed by Fanatee. . Request more info.
Rank. Archway. All Categories. Try to find some letters, so you can find your solution more easily. The crossword clue possible answer is available in 4 letters. The crossword clue Curved overhead structure with 4 letters was last seen on the May 17, 2020. It's all nappening. Usage examples of arch. Save Photo. Find high-quality stock photos that you won't find anywhere else. We have found 1 Answer (s) for the Clue A curved entrance". Glass thickness 10+10+1,52 tempered and laminated, . Besides the 'Adventure' classic mode that has kept busy during all this time, a whole new game mode is introduced to all and is just as exciting as it should be . Try to find some letters, so you can find your solution more easily. All Categories. So please take a minute to check all the answers that we have and if you will find that the answer for this level is not RIGHT, please write a comment down . Entrance with curved structure overhead Answer - This page will help you find all of CodyCross Answers of All the Levels. Today we're proud to be one of the premium providers of commercial metal canopies in the United States.
Perfect for your couch, chair, or bed. A curved entrance. Mitchell Metals offers a variety of aluminum and metal canopy products that include: overhead supported canopies, covered walkways, entrance canopies, commercial metal awnings and architectural canopies. 2D Overhead Structure-Curved features a unique wavy design and offers superior visibility for your next trade show. 7/5/2022: Compare 441 prices of used Molded fiberglass from all sites. There are endless ways in which you can modify your new canopy, to create a structure that suits your needs and budget. . Parade of Homes 2015. Curved glass can also be an option for glass canopies to create a unique 'wave' effect to the glass canopy - which can provide a decorative finish to the practical overhead shelter. All-metal designs communicate your character and style while providing energy saving protection from the elements.
CodyCross Entrance with curved structure overhead Answers: The answer of the question Entrance with curved structure overhead Answer of Codycross for the question Entrance with curved structure overhead. Below are all possible answers to this clue ordered by its rank. Kindly offered by CodyCross Master, Small World . If you are interested in our products, please get in touch with us. . Snap, tough, & flex cases created by independent artists. Here are all the Entrance with curved structure overhead answers. Each world has more than 20 groups with 5 puzzles each. 2D Overhead Structure-Curved Rectangle has a durable stretch fabric and eye-popping dye sub graphic. Entrance With Curved Structure Overhead Answers. A R C H W A Y. Some of the worlds are: Planet Earth, Under The Sea, Inventions, Seasons, Circus, Transports and . Entrance with curved structure overhead.
Entrance to many a plaza Eyebrow shape Flatfoot's lack Foot curve Gateway near . You can easily improve your search by specifying the number of letters in the answer. Some of the worlds are: Planet Earth, Under The Sea, Inventions, Seasons, Circus, Transports and Culinary Arts. You may want to know the content of nearby . If you are looking for other crossword clue solutions simply use the search functionality in the sidebar. 13 3427 - Quonset and Arched Metal Buildings; 13 3430 - Grandstands and Bleachers; 13 3440 - Fabricated Structures We are running a test where we need to I made some simple saddle brackets that hang on the outside of the garage door track (V shaped with the top of the V having a cleat that stabilizes the bracket against the top of the track, stove bolts hold the . See more ideas about house exterior, door overhang, doors. From start to . Unique Curved Facades designs on hard and soft cases and covers for Samsung Galaxy S21, S20, S10, S9, and more. Entrance with curved structure overhead. If you opt for an overhead door in conjunction with a dock leveller, for example at a loading bay at a distribution centre, you must always use a 400V power . The CroswodSolver.com system found 25 answers for curved overhead structure crossword clue.
Crossword Answers for "Entrance with curved structure overhead" Added on Tuesday, January 7, 2020. Search: Quonset Overhead Door. Last updated: June 21 2022. The crossword clue possible answer is available in 4 letters.
CodyCross still manages to exceed everyone's expectations. Curved structure (4) ARCH: Curve over (4) Something curved (4) Footwear insert (4) Curved span (4) Image on Missouri's state quarter (4) St. Louis sight (4) Feature of the western end of the Champs-lyses (4) Roguish, cunning (4) Part of a foot (4) Impressive entranceway (4) Curved doorway (4) Cunning; bridge (4) Curved entrance adornment (4)
Entrance with curved structure overhead; Curved overhead beam; Lifting gear on overhead structure; Metal structure for carrying overhead cables; The crossword clue Curved entrance with 7 letters was last seen on the June 04, 2021. The avg price is $40,247. 20 Gorgeous Garden Arbor Ideas for an Enchanting Outdoor Space. CodyCross Entrance With Curved Structure Overhead Exact Answer for Small World Group 700 Puzzle 3. Here is the answer for: Curved structure over an entranceway crossword clue answers, solutions for the popular game Daily Celebrity Crossword. The Overhead Door Company of Central Missouri can install new garage doors, garage door openers, and garage door accessories to enhance your home's value It has 14 walls and 4-pitch, a personnel door, an 18 x 12 door and a 10 x 12 door There is an included six-month warranty on the cover of the greenhouse, Call us for any question: 720 . Refine the search results by specifying the number of . The Stormtite AP Model 627 offers commercial and industrial facility owners the most advanced thermal performance values . . Just like you, we enjoy playing CodyCross game. contemporary flat aluminum frame. Entrance with curved structure overhead.
Check out our curved structure selection for the very best in unique or custom, handmade pieces from our shops. MASA Architectural Canopies represents an exciting approach to the pre-engineered building components market and is always pro-active in the use of materials to expand industry trends and designs. This game is made by developer Fanatee Inc, who except CodyCross has also other wonderful and puzzling games. There are four exceptions to this rule: 1) If documented safe switching procedures are established, maintained, and monitored by qualified persons, the disconnecting means can be located elsewhere on the premises [225.32 Ex 1]. Below are all possible answers to this clue ordered by its rank. Create an architectural statement with distinctive, louvered, standing seam or metal commercial awnings and commercial canopies. CodyCross is an addictive game developed by Fanatee. Linea System is canopy or shading. Refinished Quonset Overhead door Quonset seals 90 cents per ft 135ft one large roll ( new) Now you can't even interact with the switch anymore 22x35x10 Vertical Roof Garage With: (2) 10'x8' Garage Doors (1) 8'x8' Garage Door (1) 36" Walk in Door (3) Windows Retails starting at : $ 9915 + tax 14 ga $ 10,140 + tax 12 ga roll-up door on east side, 13 ft roll-up door . High-quality Curved Structure throw blankets designed and sold by independent artists. 35 doors 36 Outdoor Arena Overhead Door Entrance 37 walk through door 43 42 41 40 NO PARKING South Exhibit Building 44 38 (The SEB is Rented Out) Overhead Door This does not include the price of land or any other overhead costs that would be incurred by the end of the building project We strive to provide each customer quality service and 100% . You may find a sectional steel overhead door to be a better option, as well as being less expensive Q- model arch building has front and back panels, 24 x 12 overhead door with windows, two entrance doors complete used building Corrugated 40 Grain Bin N Scale $ 17 Our garage system comes with prefabricated wall panels which means your walls . We have found 1 Answer (s) for the Clue Curved structure over an entranceway". .
Each world has more than 20 groups with 5 puzzles each. Curved basket. You'll find our canopies on a variety of buildings including schools, businesses, churches, and hospitals. They're space-conscious hanging options that can be slotted into almost any room, and come in almost endless styles. Curved . Contact a supplier or the parent company directly to get a quote or to find out a price or your closest point of sale. Entry paid to get into an attraction.
Whether standing alone or covered with climbing vines and flowers, these outdoor structures add a striking focal point to your yard. This illustration is not intended to apply to the older bridges with widely distended masses, which render each pier sufficient to abut the arches springing from it, but tend, in providing for a way over the . This crossword clue Curved structure over an entranceway was discovered last seen in the June 13 2021 at the Crosswords With Friends Crossword. set of optimized strips. If you are looking for other crossword clue solutions simply use the search functionality in the sidebar. Aluminium structure (heavy) silver anodizing. E3604.2.2 Vertical Clearance From Grade. Overhead crane capacity (t): 2. There is a subject that those who follow us will know very well. Find out all of the information about the SETTER PLAY product: entrance canopy CURVED-BEAM. 1100 66-in Wide x 30-in Projection Black Solid Fixed Door Awning. The game developed it Fanatee Games a game company ultra famous, this contains many worlds which are words in a crossword puzzle using the . The Crosswordleak.com system found 25 answers for curved overhead structure crossword clue.
1500 72-in Wide x 60-in Projection Evergreen Solid Fixed Door Awning. Here is the answer for: Curved structure crossword clue answers, solutions for the popular game USA Today Crossword. If you need a canopy installation we offer installation of our product within a 5 hour radius of Atlanta, GA. The remainder of the front yard is organized by soft lawn spaces and large Birch trees. Available in three sizes. The hanging ring handles are designed to swing back and forth with the child, adding a new level of complexity when moving from one end to the other. Search from Curved Table Overhead stock photos, pictures and royalty-free images from iStock. Acrylic clear roof panels are high impact resistant and virtually unbreakable as well as 100% UV resistant. If you've got another answer, it would be kind of you to add it to our crossword dictionary. Curved sword. Curved structure over an entranceway crossword clue is part of Crosswords With Friends June 13 2021.There are different types of answers for Curved structure over an entranceway but we have posted the correct one that will let you continue to solve other Crosswords With Friends June 13 2021 crossword clues. Most standard door widths up to 30'4" (9246 mm) and 28'4" (8636 mm) in height, and custom door sizes up to 1500 sq. Best Answer for Curved Overhead Structure Crossword Clue. An implantable bracing apparatus for supporting a suture, the apparatus comprising a tube comprising a length that is curved, partially curved, or straight, and at least a portion of which is configured to be implanted within a bone tunnel, the tube comprising: an outer surface configured to interface with the bone tunnel; an inner lumen configured to pass one or more sutures therethrough . This answers first letter of which starts with A and can be found at the end of H. We think ARCH is the possible answer on this clue. Please keep in mind that similar clues can have different answers that is why we always recommend to check the number of letters. We shared half of the game with you. This crossword clue Curved entrance was discovered last seen in the June 21 2022 at the Metro Crossword. Are you looking for never-ending fun in this exciting logic-brain app?
1500 84-in Wide x 54-in Projection Evergreen Solid Fixed Door Awning. The dangling handles pose a great upper body workout. Here is the answer for: Curved structure over an entranceway crossword clue answers, solutions for the popular game Daily Celebrity Crossword. Word. The crossword clue possible answer is available in 4 letters. Below you will find the correct answer to Entrance with curved structure overhead Crossword Clue, if you need more help finishing your crossword continue your navigation and try our search function.
Crossword Clue. This answers first letter of which starts with A and can be found at the end of H. We think ARCH is the possible answer on this clue.
It can be painted in the same finish as the walls, becoming almost invisible. Find the answer to the crossword clue Curved structure. by MCombo.
Arrow Timber Framing. These arbor ideas will enhance your garden with charming appeal. Entrance with curved structure overhead Answers is: A R C H W A Y Previous All Puzzle 3 Answers Next .
Activate an email alert and buy or sell for the best market price Curved structure builder ultimately installed in a . 1500 48-in Wide x 36-in Projection White Solid Fixed Door Awning. Just use this page and you will quickly pass the level you stuck in the CodyCross game. 2) The building or structure qualifies under the provisions of Art. You can easily improve your search by specifying the number of letters in the answer. There are so many possibilities when it comes to Glass Canopies as structural glass is a very versatile building material that has an abundance of design . Hanger steel structure becomes one of the irresistible trends nowadays.A growing interest in hanger steel structure has been witnessed worldwide over the last half-century. Easternmost Of North America's Great Lakes . This crossword clue Curved structure over an entranceway was discovered last seen in the June 13 2021 at the Crosswords With Friends Crossword. Are you looking for never ending fun in this exciting logic brain app? Entrance with curved structure overhead . Please keep in mind that similar clues can have different answers that is why we always recommend to check the number of letters. You have reached this topic and you will be guided through the next stage without any problem. Now it has come to finish the remaining half. Technical features. 10' to 16' Displays; 20' to 30' Displays; 5' to 8' Displays; Accessories; Banner Stands; Counters . ft. (139,355 sq.mm) Rolling service doors for heavy-duty, medium-duty and light-duty applications. Figure 8: From left to right and top to bottom: Ocean reference surface, isothermic mesh . Overhead Door Company Garage Door FAQ - Answers to common, frequently asked questions regarding your garage door, standard garage door sizes, overhead doors We design and engineer residential garage door openers, commercial door operators and gate entry systems Lots of Land and TreesBeautiful country setting with 43 Source: Lester Buildings Vinyl doors are great for keeping snow and rain out . 22x35x10 Vertical Roof Garage With: (2) 10'x8' Garage Doors (1) 8'x8' Garage Door (1) 36" Walk in Door (3) Windows Retails starting at : $ 9915 + tax 14 ga $ 10,140 + tax 12 ga instructions to program a new second quonset not heated 32x48 with sliding doors Our book Shelter (300,000 copies sold) became the focal point for owner-builders (and . Animal with curved horns. The orientation of the entrance was improved to better align automobile traffic. 685 [225.32 Ex 2]. A 230V power supply can be used for a standard overhead door. making sure your structure and entrance are dry and welcoming. Answers of Word Lanes Entrance with curved structure overhead: Archway; Please remember that I'll always mention the master topic of the game : Word Lanes Answers, the link to the previous level : Entrance to the rear of a house Word Lanes and the link to the main game master topic Word Lanes level . Overhead service conductors shall have the following minimum clearances from final grade: For conductors supported on and cabled together with a grounded bare messenger wire, the minimum vertical clearance shall be 10 feet (3048 mm) at the electric service entrance to buildings, at the lowest point of . previous answer: Vestibule. With its durable stretch fabric and eye-popping dye sub printing, the 2D Curved Rectangle Overhead Structure ensures trade show visibility up high and from multiple directions. It adopts the rust preventing process to finish the standard design.
1 answer to this clue. the 2D Serpentine Overhead Structure offers superior visibility for your next trade show. We offer a number of different entrance and overhead canopy designs. . Installation. Our system collect crossword clues from most populer crossword, cryptic puzzle, quick/small crossword that found in Daily Mail, Daily Telegraph, Daily Express, Daily Mirror, Herald-Sun, The Courier-Mail and others popular newspaper. Entrance with curved structure overhead Answer . In fact, this topic is meant to untwist the answers of CodyCross Entrance with curved structure overhead. Entry - Arrow Timber Framing 9726 NE 302nd St, Battle Ground, WA 98604 (360) 687-1868 Web Site: https://www.arrowtimber.com. Entrance with curved structure overhead . Our system collect crossword clues from most populer crossword, cryptic puzzle, quick/small crossword that found in Daily Mail, Daily Telegraph, Daily Express, Daily Mirror, Herald-Sun, The Courier-Mail, Dominion Post and many others popular newspaper. entrance canopy LINEA. The word that solves this crossword puzzle is 4 letters long and begins with A. Curved overhead structure Crossword Clue. Cabling and power supply to the door must be taken into account when choosing an overhead door for a building. next answer: Admission. Design and Construction of Curved Support Structures with Repetitive Parameters. Aug 30, 2019 - Explore Jean Watson's board "Roof Over Doors and Windows" on Pinterest. A curved entrance Puzzles Crossword Clue. E3604.2.2 Vertical Clearance From Grade. Overhead Front 3 ft. W x 3 ft. D Convex Door Awning.
Example of a classic entryway design in Other with a dark wood front door. Answer. Entrance hallway in a public building. Give your yard a boost of style and added function with a beautiful garden arbor. Accordingly, we provide you with all hints and cheats and needed answers to accomplish the required crossword and find a final word of the puzzle group. It helps you with CodyCross Entrance with curved structure overhead answers, some additional solutions and useful tips and tricks. Just get in .
Performers and technicians enter here. All-glass Canopy Minimal in design highly integrated architecture. Model S commercial quonset hut, brand new The Cars Overhead With Context (COWC) data set is a large set of annotated cars from overhead A-- An overhead door is a standard-style residential garage door that opens by lifting up, overhead, either manually or with an electric motor A 12' by 30' area on the inside of the finished area was designated . MASA's broad knowledge separates MASA from the cookie-cutter fabricators to an elite level of custom design and build manufacturers. Molding with a curved pro. The remarkable word trivia game is offering more exciting features each day. Overhead service conductors shall have the following minimum clearances from final grade: For conductors supported on and cabled together with a grounded bare messenger wire, the minimum vertical clearance shall be 10 feet (3048 mm) at the electric service entrance to buildings, at the lowest point of . At Mitchell Metals, we also offer custom commercial metal . Take this one for example: crafted from featuring a double shade design, this piece showcases an outer metal shade in an oil-rubbed bronze finish and an . A playground favorite, the Single Post Curved Overhead Swinging Ring Ladder is a tantalizing and versatile play structure. I am going to have the funds for you the answer that you need. Save Photo.
The structure is mainly composed of beam steel, steel column, truss made of steel and steel plates, crane structure, and other important parts. Updated and verified solutions for all the levels of CodyCross Small World Group 700. . With the advent of new building techniques and construction materials, space frames frequently provide the right answer and satisfy the requirements of lightness, economy and speedy construction. 1. We think the likely answer to this clue is ARCH. Her thoughts are like the lotus Abloom by sacred streams Beneath the temple arches Where Quiet sits and dreams.. Lawrence designs, engineers, builds and installs custom standing seam, all-metal awnings and canopies . Curved structure over an entranceway crossword clue is part of Crosswords With Friends June 13 2021.There are different types of answers for Curved structure over an entranceway but we have posted the correct one that will let you continue to solve other Crosswords With Friends June 13 2021 crossword clues. Through the Cheats and Solutions you will find on this site you will be able to pass every single crossword clue This webpage with CodyCross Entrance with curved structure overhead answers is the only source you need to quickly skip the challenging level. Please keep in mind that similar clues can have different answers that is why we always recommend to check the number of letters. Large theatres normally have a stage door keeper, who takes messages for performers and acts as a security guard for the entrance.
We are busy competing with our friends and we often times forget about the new answers. Confidence __, An Inspirational Shot In The Arm.
Synonyms for curved structure include arch, vault, dome, span, archway, doorway, portico, bridge, arcade and cupola.
Pendant lights are popular picks for overhead lighting - and good reason! Search: Quonset Overhead Door. There's normally a separate phone line to the stage door, and calls can sometimes be put through to dressing room phones. Prefix Coy Coyly roguish Crafty Cunning Curve Curved doorway Curved masonry construction Curved overhead structure Curved structure builder ultimately installed in a church . Chief curved structure - Crossword Clue, Answer and Explanation If you are looking for other crossword clue solutions simply use the search functionality in the sidebar. 1.
The answer for clue: Curved overhead structure. | Fiber Arts | 8 | 159 |
129 | Prismatic Star Queen Quilt Pattern by Judy Niemeyer
The Prismatic Star Queen foundation papers and strip piecing processes were designed by Quiltworx in 2014 as part of a wall quilt layout called the Prismatic Star. The Queen Layout was created and published due to popular demand. The Prismatic Star block teaches a basic strip piecing process that is used in most of our star quilts and required 2-1/2” strips. The block is used in a 91” x 91” layout that includes (48) diamonds and a background. The block can be mixed and matched and rotated with other similar sized diamond blocks using an online fabric and block auditioning application called Quiltster.
Compatibility: This pattern is NOT compatible with the previously published Prismatic Star wall quilt. During design of the queen layout, Judy realized that adding a 3rd group of diamonds significantly increased the difficulty of final assembly over the original wall quilt size. She reviewed the pattern elements and realized that increasing the size of the sashing strips and alternating how they were sewn to the 4 x 4 diamond block removed hours of frustration in final assembly due to stacked seams and matching complicated intersections. As a result, the Prismatic Star Queen units are not the same size as the original pattern. We will also be updating the wall quilt pattern soon, so that the two sizes will be compatible. This pattern cannot be purchased (in whole or in part) to expand the previously published design.
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129 | Have you ever been at the thrift store and found a mumu or dress that’s got beautiful fabric and a vaguely nice shape, but is kinf of…well…frumpy? Instead of passing over that diamond in the rough, you can turn it into a cute, wearable skirt!
In this cute, funny video Sarah shows you how to transform that ill-fitting dress into a cute skirt with just a few supplies and beginner sewing skills. All you need to make your skirt are:
- A thrifted dress – or one from your closet – that doesn’t fit you
- fabric scissors
- elastic, or the old elastic waistband from a skirt that does fit you but maybe has a hole or a stain
- sewing machine, thread, pins
She ends up with some wonkiness, that I think you could easily avoid if you cut your elastic skirt top so it’s straight all the way around. When you’re pinning your skirt bottom to the skirt top, they may also not be the same width around. That’s ok! While you’re pinning, arrange them so the gathers are pretty even, and your finished product should look nice and tailored.
Note: If you don’t have an elastic wasitband to use, don’t worry! It’s so easy to add the elastic waist yourself. Measure out enough elastic so that it snugly fits your waist. Then just fold the top of the skirt inwards by 1/2″ and sew almost all of the way around, leaving about a 2″ opening. Feed your elastic through (a safety pin will help!), and sew the ends together, then use your machine to finish sewing that 2″ opening closed. Voila! If you need more details, I have detailed instructions along with photos on this skirt tutorial over at Glue and Glitter.
Have you guys made any fun, upcycled clothing lately? I’d love to see what you’re making in the comments!
Image Credit: Screenshot from the video | Fiber Arts | 8 | 159 |
129 | Sewing a button is an essential thing that everyone must know about. It doesn’t matter what type of clothes you are wearing, most of the time it will have buttons. Shirts, jackets, pants, trousers, etc. type of clothing have buttons as an important part of the clothing while in some clothes you may find buttons as a decorative add-on.
If you are someone who loves stitching and sewing then you must also learn how to sew a button. We have already posted a sewing guide for beginners on this blog and you can read that to know the fundamentals of sewing and stitching. Once you have cleared all basics, you can move on to the buttons.
Here in this post, we are going to show you how you can sew a button on almost any fabric you want. Remember that there are different techniques available out there to sew buttons but not all of them are suitable for beginners. You must stick with the basics and try to learn those methods first before trying something advanced.
Since there are different types of buttons available out there we are going to work with the ones that come with buttonholes in them. We have mentioned every possible information you might need to learn how to sew buttons so read this post till the end to know everything about sewing a button.
- Also Read About: Best Sewing Machines In India
Things You Will Need To Sew A Button
Needle – A needle is the most important thing you need when you are doing any type of stitching and sewing. It doesn’t matter if you are doing to sew the button with your hands or with a sewing machine, you will always need a needle to get the work done.
There are different types of needles available out there and for button sewing, we will recommend you to go with some slim needles like size 7 or 8. It also depends on the fabric and buttonhole which type of needle you will need but does not go with a thick needle as 7 and 8 number needles will most probably sew a button easily.
Thread – Another important thing is “thread” and you need to take thread according to the needle. If you have taken number 7 or 8 needles then you will need a thin thread. Do not take too thin thread as there are chances of breaking it. For a regular size button, you will need about 12″ thread and if you think your thread is thin then you can take 24″ thread and make it double.
Talking about the color, then take a thread that matches your fabric color and not the button. Since we are going to make stitches on the fabric it must match its color as contrast colored thread will decrease the overall appearance of the fabric.
Button – Since we are going to sew a button, not to mention, you will need it. You can take a button either with two, three, or four holes in it as the sewing process is the same for all. Remember that the more holes a button will have, the more will be the number of stitches and work you need to do on it. We will recommend you to try sewing a button with two holes first and then move on to the buttons with three and four holes.
Scissor – Even though we are taking thin thread to sew the button, you must keep a scissor or other thread cutting tools like a knife, blade, etc. to cut the thread when you are done stitching it.
- Also Read About: How To Make Curtains Guide
How To Sew A Button Step By Step Guide
Identify The Type of Button You Have
As we told above, the first thing you need to do is to identify the type of button you have for sewing. Make sure the button is not too big nor too small for the fabric you are sewing it on. If you are looking for buttons to sew on readymade garments like jackets, jeans, trousers, shirts, etc. then they probably have a pair of extra buttons available inside them.
Those extra buttons are exactly of the same size and design that are stitched outside. If you are using other buttons then you need to figure out if the button is suitable for the fabric or not.
Sewing Machine vs Hand Sewing
If you are a complete beginner then you can try sewing the buttons with hand first and then go with the sewing machine method. Sewing buttons with hands will help you in clearing the basics and you will get to know where and how you need to make the stitches. If you have some knowledge of stitching then you can go with the sewing machine.
Many sewing machines come with an automatic buttonhole feature for 2 and 4 buttonholes but we will recommend you not to use that function if you want to learn how to sew a button. Consider doing everything manually first so you can get to know everything about sewing a button. Automatic threading and buttonhole can be used later.
- Also Read About: How To Make A Bag Step By Step Guide
Thread The Needle & Make A Knot
Now, you need to thread your needle and make a knot at the end of the thread so it doesn’t pass completely from the button while sewing. If you are using a sewing machine then you can refer to the manual to know how to thread the needle. If you have got an automatic needle threader function, then do not use it as you will never learn how to do it manually.
Once the needle is threaded, level both sides of the thread and position the needle in the middle of the thread. When you have leveled it simply makes a knot at another end from the needle so secure the thread. While sewing this knot will get stuck in the buttonhole and stop the thread from coming completely through the buttonhole.
Make A Mark On The Fabric
From the backside of the fabric start making the stitch to the front and then again from back to front. You must make the stitch in such a way that it forms an X and you can use also use the best sewing kit to do that. The intersecting position this X is the place where you want to center the button. This X will also help the thread and button to keep the button in place.
Remember that if you are using a sewing machine then you might face problems in creating such a mark on the fabric. Instead, you must do it with your hand, and then you can use the sewing machine to sew the button. For a beginner, making such indications are really helpful as you will know where and how the button is needed to be placed.
Sew The Button
Hold the button on the top of the X mark and push the needle from one of its hole right to the other part of the fabric. Now, turn the needle up and move it from the fabric to another hole on the button. You must do it slowly as doing it fast can be harmful. Also, thread only two buttons at the same time and not all.
Do it a couple of times for the same set of two buttons and then you will have to repeat this process for the other holes too. When you have made around 4-5 repetitions, then you will get a tight hold of the button on the fabric. You can remove your finger from the button and see if it is tight enough to keep itself in its place.
- Also Read About: Best Mini Sewing Machines In India
Create The Shank
Creating a shank is important as it holds all of the stitches in its place. To make it, you need to go from the fabric to the button but not to the buttonhole. Moving your needle from the fabric and then keeping it in between the bottom part of the button and the upper part of the fabric will help you in creating a shank.
Just make some 5-6 rounds of the thread around the button and make sure you are doing it tightly. Loose shank will make the button hang and you might need to sew it again from scratch. When you are done wrapping the thread just dive the needle back to the backside of the fabric. You don’t need to change its place.
Tie The Thread
To secure your stitches, you need to make a knot at the backside of the fabric from where we have started. This can be done either by using the needle and with the help of hands too. Either way, you need to make the knot right below the button and in the center of the threads where they all are colliding with each other.
If you want then you can take the help of a pin. Use the pin in the center of the threads, then make some rounds around the pin and use your needle to pass your thread through the circles. When you will pull the thread it will tighten that thread and then you can use the scissor or other cutting tools to get the right of the excess thread.
So this is all about how to sew a button step by step guide and we hope you have found this post useful. We have told how to sew a button with a sewing machine and soon we are going to post a button sewing guide without a sewing machine so keep visiting the Sewing Machine Portal to know about it and to read many more guides.
There are many methods available out there to sew a button but we have posted only the most basic way to do that. It doesn’t matter if you are searching for how to sew a button with two holes or how to sew a button with one hole, you can always follow this guide to sew button easily. Let us know via comments if you have any questions about it. | Fiber Arts | 8 | 159 |
129 | This site is supported by our readers. We may earn a commission, at no cost to you, if you purchase through links.
Different top qualities, various levels. Those 4 words summarize what it is like to sew with denim and other fabrics. Your sewing experience depends a lot on the high quality of the fabric and also its density. Thinner textiles stitch simpler than thicker ones
Denim can be easy to see if the material is not also thick. Sewing by hand is tricky as you will certainly still require utilizing a special denim needle and not a universal one to get the task done right. Make certain to have a thimble on hand to safeguard your finger when pushing the needle via the textile.
To read more regarding stitching denim as well as doing it by hand just remain to read our short article. It has the info you wish to know so your denim stitching projects are a lot easier to do and finish.
Table Of Contents
- Is Denim Easy To Sew?
- What Thread To Sew Denim
- Can all Sewing Machines Sew Denim?
- Embroidery Denim Machine Settings
- Exactly How To Sew Denim By Hand
- Just how Do You Sew Thick Jean Seams Together?
- Just How To Sew Denim Patches
- Sewing Denim Jacket
- How To Sew Denim Shorts
- Exactly how To Sew a Denim Skirt
- Some Final Words
Is Denim Easy To Sew?
This will certainly rely on the thickness of the denim Slim denim product is a whole lot much easier to sew than thicker denim textiles. The previous resembles sewing regular light-weight cotton materials. You may even appreciate dealing with light-weight denim
Thicker or heavier weight denim is a little more difficult and might take some of that pleasure out of sewing. Regardless of what density or weight you chose to deal with, you require a special denim needle to handle your project.
Various other needles are not produced this thicker material as well as will certainly pall quicker, bend out of form or break on you. It is a great idea to have a number of denim needles on hand when you sew this material. The best size is # 16 yet, you can utilize a # 18 if your embroidery device enables that big of a needle.
In some cases, your sewing equipment will just allow a # 14 needle so you need to choose the size that fits your equipment. Additionally, an excellent leading stitch string is perfect for this type of embroidery.
What Thread To Sew Denim
As we have actually formerly discussed a good leading stitch thread is the best to use when sewing denim, despite the weight or thickness. You desire a challenging, thick string to handle the physical task most denim wearers place their garments through.
If you do not have top stitch thread, then attempt using two threads at the same time. That is if your stitching equipment has an added spool pin to hold the extra spool of thread. You thread the equipment utilizing the two spindles as one placing both strings via the exact same overviews, and so on, at the exact same time.
Then what color of thread you utilize depends on you and also your project. Generally, contrasting shades are utilized to stitch denim yet you are complimentary to select any shade you wish to make use of. You need to see to it your job looks good when completed.
Simply utilizing contrasting shades is insufficient to make any project look ideal. There is no law mentioning you have to use contrasting colors so allow your imagination and innovating style sparkle right now.
Can all Sewing Machines Sew Denim?
The easy truth of the issue is no they can not. There are several factors why they all can not stitch denim as well as the main one is that the denim textile doesn’t come in only one weight or density.
A great deal of the normal sewing devices are not effective enough to take care of those elements neither can they manage a project that sewing lots of layers with each other at the same time. Especially if you conserved a few bucks and also purchased a very affordable sewing machine.
What you need is a durable maker or a commercial one that is designed to deal with much heavier textiles or layers. These makers come with powerful electric motors that can drive the needle via the product effortlessly and also without damaging the needle.
Plus, you need to be able to go slowly when sewing denim This is not a product that can take care of rate sewing. Utilize a foot walking or rolling foot when you stitch denim Add in the right thread as well as needle and you need to have the ability to deal with the workout denim offers embroidery.
Embroidery Denim Machine Settings
Among one of the most essential settings you need to have ready for your embroidery project is the stitch length. That need to be set to regarding 3 1/2 to 4 on the dial and in some cases you have to take care of the stitch by utilizing the handwheel when the seams show up.
Using a 100/16 denim needle is excellent but you can get away with making use of a 90/14 if the denim is not that thick or heavy. After that alter your string to a sturdy denim thread and while you can use 2 strings at the same time, this is not constantly suggested. Play that by ear.
The speed should be on sluggish and also you need to practice on scrap denim first to obtain the ideal rate for the project you are servicing. If you need something to determine your speed, the perfect is regarding 800 to 1000 stitches per min.
For tension, you want to most likely to the higher end of the dial as well as over 4 as well as the foot you should use is a roller foot yet any foot created denim will function. Lastly, the sort of stitch is usually the top stitch but you can make use of an ornamental one when refraining from doing the seams.
Exactly How To Sew Denim By Hand
You will require perseverance when stitching denim by hand It is not a task for the weak neither those that obtain disappointed conveniently. Thinner denim materials should be simpler to stitch than thicker fabrics yet you still need that patience.
To start, you will need a long, sharp huge eye needle to collaborate with. After that you are going to require a tough thick thread to sew those seams and also hems. Pants are put via a whole lot of difficult tasks and also the string has to be placed perfect and also be at the appropriate stamina to take care of that test of stamina.
Don’t go affordable on the thread or the needle as the less expensive versions are not that strong and also do refrain a good task. After that sewing the denim will certainly resemble making use of a sewing device, just slower.
Comply with the pattern, make use of the ideal stitch pattern, and take your time. Once more, the rate is trivial right here. Top quality is the objective. So decrease and be prepared to enjoy numerous of your daytime shows as you work.
Just how Do You Sew Thick Jean Seams Together?
This is not something you wish to attempt by hand Stitching numerous layers by hand is not easy as well as you will certainly need solid fingers in addition to good defense for those fingers as you sew. Needles are not easy to press with thick fabric.
But if you are using your machine, it is best to use your hand wheel when sewing thick joints with each other. This slows down the needle down and also assists get the stitch just right as well as where it needs to be.
If you assume you can use your foot pedal, go slowly and also listen to your machine. If it acts like it can’t deal with the task, return to utilizing the hand wheel. The secret is to ensure you do not obtain the needle embeded the down placement that you do not overheat your equipment or damage to a component or more.
Try to reduce the mass as high as possible. This will certainly make stitching much easier for you and also your maker. Preferably, try to make use of different stitching methods as this will certainly minimize the layers you need to sew at the very same time.
Just How To Sew Denim Patches
The first action in this process is to pick the right size of the patch. You can always cut one that is too big but you can not add the product to one that is also small. After that you require to choose the right approach. Some methods will certainly help most activities yet they need to be solid to sustain that treatment.
You can utilize needle and thread yet the wearer of the patched denims might not desire the stitches to show. After that in that situation, you require a great textile adhesive to hold the spots in the area. We say great because not all textile glues have the exact same holding power.
Next off, turn the denims or jacket, etc, inside out as well as removing the battle royal. Cut your spot to the ideal size and also either stitch or glue it in position. You can trace the dimension of the opening on some paper first then include a 1/2 inch all the way around to offer the added product you will certainly need to cover the spot. Maintain the stitches as tight as feasible.
Sewing Denim Jacket
The excellent news below is that you will have no scarcity of Jean jacket patterns to function with. There is a big option just on the internet alone. This will enable all your children to have their very own design despite the fact that they are putting on the same material and garment.
Then the essential to sewing a denim coat is making it right for the person wearing it. For a mans’ jacket, you might intend to add button pockets along with zippered ones. Or you might just wish to have a number of open pockets simply in case he requires fast accessibility to his points.
You need to do a lot of pre-planning to ensure you have the style ideal as well as still stay in existing fashion patterns. Right here is a web link to a really comprehensive pattern and also guidelines.
How To Sew Denim Shorts
Stitching denim shorts might be one of the easier stitching tasks you can do with the denim product. Every little thing is very straight forward as well as the joints are not in uncomfortable places. Specifically, if you are transforming your old pants into shorts for the warmer weather.
The initial step is to cut the Jean legs at the exact same time to make sure you obtain the exact same size. The 2nd action would certainly be to iron the denims to ensure that they are much easier to work with. Denims will certainly battle royal, so you might intend to add a piece of strip material to cut that risk down as well as include an ornamental touch.
Or simply use a zig-zag sew or a stitch line to make the torn end there or make the edge attractive look. If you are making use of the strip material, you can utilize different textiles, various design and colors to make certain your denim shorts look attractive and classy.
Exactly how To Sew a Denim Skirt
All you will need denim wise is a lawn of the product. Then with your various other materials, measure your hips, waistline, and size. Currently mark your material as well as cut the product with pinking shears. The pinking shears are made use of to minimize any kind of battle royal that might look like you work.
Pin your joint and give on your own about a 3/8 inch allocation. Sew with a 3.0 stitch size where the pins are yet do not go all the means throughout. For the waistline do a 1 1/2 inch allowance for the leading band and also pin in place.
Leave space for your elastic as well as stitch your waistline seam developing a loop for the elastic. Now put your elastic and take it all the means around, sewing both ends together when they meet. Close the opening when that is done.
Now hem of your skirt, leaving sufficient seam allocation to stitch correctly. Those are the basic instructions, you can obtain all the information here
Some Final Words
Denim is a resilient and also great looking fabric to wear. It makes feeling to have some apparel made from this fabric so you await all tasks that come your way. Simply be prepared for some effort when creating a sewing project requiring this product. | Fiber Arts | 8 | 159 |
129 | The Simple Bralette - English
The Simple Bralette is a simple and comfortable top that can be used as an inner layer on colder days, or on its own when the weather is warmer.
The pattern for the Simple Bralette is easy to follow and is supported throughout with detailed explanations and links to videos, as well as pictures to illustrate the process.
The sizes given in the pattern are a form of cup size and not necessarily your regular size of your clothes.
In this pattern you can either use the calculation form to choose your size or measure yourself across the chest using our sizing (XS, S, M, L, XL). The band under the bust and straps are adjusted and knitted to measure along the way.
Knitting needles and accessories
- 1 circular needle 3 mm, 60 cm
- 1 circular needle 2,5 mm, 60 cm
- 2 double pointed needles 3 mm
- 4 stitch holders
- 1 measuring tape
- 1 marker or safety pin
- 1 scissor
- 1 blunt needle to secure the loose ends
- 1 thin elastic in a similar color to your choice of yarn
- You can also choose to use the app Knitting Helper to assist you in decreasing or increasing your sts.
We suggest using the following yarn:
Gepard Cashmere Me (25g = 180m) 25g (25g) 50g (50g) 75g
Englegarn Cashmere Fine (25g = 170m) 25g (25g) 50g (50g) 75g
2 strands Gepard Cashmere Lace, (25g = 350m) 50g (50g) 75g (75g) 100g
NB! Cashmere feels delicate and soft against the skin. We therefore strongly urge you to follow the suggestion and use the yarn listed above. We can’t guarantee that the bra won’t feel itchy if you use a different kind of wool than the yarns suggested in this pattern.
The tension in this pattern doesn’t correspond with the tension in the yarn listed above. The reason for this, is that we want to create the best support possible for your bust, which means that the tension in our pattern is higher and the knit tighter. The cups are knitted on a 3 mm needle, while the rib is knitted on a 2,5 mm needle with a tension corresponding to 10 cm = 28 sts.
In this pattern we have created an excel sheet that’ll help you determine your size. You can either use this or you can also choose to follow the size chart below. The size chart is indicated as a form of cup size and may differ from your normal clothing sizes.
Corresponds to a bust measurement of: 73 cm
Corresponds to a bust measurement of: 80 cm
Corresponds to a bust measurement of: 88 cm
Corresponds to a bust measurement of: 95 cm
Corresponds to a bust measurement of: 103 cm | Fiber Arts | 8 | 159 |
129 | What is straight stitch?
The Straight Stitch is the basic stitch that is used for sewing. The most common use for a straight stitch is to sew two pieces of fabric together. The Straight Stitch can also be sewn a few stitches in reverse at the beginning and end of a seam to secure the seam ends.
Whats the difference between a straight stitch and a back stitch?
Both stitches may slant in any direction. Backstitch: Backstitches define and outline the shapes of a design. … Straight Stitch: To work a straight stitch, bring the needle up from the back side of the fabric. Bring the needle down through the fabric in the desired spot to make a stitch of the desired length.
How long can a straight stitch be?
1 – 2 mm –> A straight stitch with a length of 1-2mm is commonly used for stay stitching and quilt piecing. 2 – 3 mm –> Most sewing is done in the 2-3 mm length range. This range is common for construction sewing, machine quilting, edge stitching and understitching.
What is zigzag stitch for?
A zigzag stitch is variant geometry of the lockstitch. It is a back-and-forth stitch used where a straight stitch will not suffice, such as in reinforcing buttonholes, in stitching stretchable fabrics, and in temporarily joining two work pieces edge-to-edge.
Why is my straight stitch sewing zigzag?
If the upper thread appears as a single line, the lower thread is incorrectly threaded. Instead of the appropriate tension being applied to the lower thread, it is pulled through the fabric when the upper thread is pulled up.
What is the normal stitch width?
What stitch length should I use?
|What is the best stitch for:||Suggested Stitch Length (mm)||Stitches Per Inch|
|Standard Stitch Length||2.5 – 3.0||8 – 10|
|Basting stitch||5.0 – 7.0||4 – 5|
|Stay-stitching||1.5 – 2.0||12 – 8|
|Top-stitching – light/medium weight||3.0 – 3.5||7 – 8|
What is a bullion stitch?
: a decorative stitch similar to the French knot forming very short bars.
Is a catch stitch strong?
A catch stitch, or cross-stitch, is one of the standard sewing techniques used for hemming. The use of this stitch creates a zig-zag series of X’s on the underside of a piece of fabric. Strong and flexible, these stitches are barely visible on the outside of a garment and offer a clean finish for raw edges.
What are the 5 types of stitches?
10 Basic Stitches You Should Know
- The Running Stitch. …
- The Basting Stitch. …
- The Cross Stitch (Catch Stitch) …
- The Backstitch. …
- The Slip Stitch. …
- The Blanket Stitch (Buttonhole Stitch) …
- The Standard Forward/Backward Stitch. …
- The Zigzag Stitch. | Fiber Arts | 8 | 159 |
129 | Children love to mimic what they see, and one of the most popular types of play is playing kitchen! Enter our miniature cooking utensils set made from sustainable and non-toxic beechwood.
The set includes a selection of utensils including: a rolling pin, spoon, whisk, spatula, tongs, tenderizer, eggbeater, potato masher and a sauce mixing spoon. They are all mini-sized making them perfect for mini-cooks.
Not only is it non-toxic, but it has also been made to be as environmentally friendly as possible using only natural materials. The sets come in a natural cotton drawstring bag which is perfect for both storage and packaging.
Great for when you have a little kitchen helper or for use with play-dough.
Made in Germany. | Fiber Arts | 8 | 159 |
129 | We’ve given you several ways to add beads to knitting, and we go into the pros and cons of each:
We suggest that you read all 3 (they each have their benefits) and even try each of them on a swatch.
We’ll be reviewing the crochet hook method in this tutorial.
How to Add a Bead with a Crochet Hook
This method is pretty simple! You just need an extra tool – a steel crochet hook in a very small size.
Often, these will have 2 ways to indicate the size – millimeters (pretty straightforward) and a simple number (like here, it’s 11). The 11 actually stands for 11 zeroes and the more zeroes, the smaller. So, think of it as DOT ELEVEN ZEROES 1 (0.000000000001). So, a size 11 is actually smaller than a size 6. That’s counter-intuitive so it’s good to know.
BTW, I first heard about this when learning about paint brush sizing from my mom (thanks, Mom!) and it’s served me well here too. Lesson – you never know when a seemingly random fact might come in handy, so soak up any information you learn because you never know when it might come in handy (and numerous studies show that continuing to learn as an adult is a great way to exercise your brain and stave off those nasty illnesses). So, you could learn something *and* be more healthy. A win-win, right?
Ok, back to what you came here for – beading with a crochet hook.
I actually have several sizes – started innocently when I realized that my hook didn’t fit into the bead I wanted to use (and then I just decided to buy a set so the problem wouldn’t happen again).
Although that also meant I had lots of sizes to lose around the house and in my notions boxes. IOW, I own LOTS more steel crochet hooks than I can find at any given time. YMMV and you’ve been warned.
I like to dump my beads into a small bowl with a lip that’s a good couple of inches tall. This keeps the beads from running all over the place, but also allows me to take a look at them.
Here’s the one I use.
Make sure that your crochet hook will fit through the center of the bead and also that you can grab the yarn with it without splitting it too much (it can be a fine line). Unless you’re using a laceweight yarn, be prepared for it to require a bit wrangling to get the bead onto to stitch, but it should be doable.
Once I’m done, I do return what’s left of the beads to its original container – so be sure to keep that as well.
Work up until the point where you need to add a bead.
Take the crochet hook and put a bead on it.
Take your crochet hook with the bead on it, snag the stitch from the LN and then slide the bead down so it’s on the stitch. Replace the stitch back on the LN so it’s ready to be worked!
Here are a few detailed pics in case you feel confused or overwhelmed.
Knit that stitch (with the bead). You’re done!
Here is our swatch after we’ve knit a few rows. You can see how secure it is.
And here is the WS – you see the bead on that side too.
See? Beading really isn’t that hard. Honest.
Pros and Cons
Pros of Beading with a Crochet Hook
- You don’t need to load a bunch of beads all at once. This is HUGE for me. I’m a person who tapes one wall, paints it, and then repeat for the next wall. This is the beading version of that.
- You can decide to add a different bead at any time.
- The same goes if you have multi-colored beads.
Cons of Beading with a Crochet Hook
- If the holes in your beads aren’t all perfect, you might have difficulty inserting the crochet hook into it.
- If you want to add beads to a lot of your knitting, you likely will need multiple crochet hooks.
- It’s easier to split the yarn with the crochet hook.
Practice makes perfect
As always, I suggest trying this first on a small swatch. This will give you the chance to familiarize yourself and get comfortable with the crochet hook.
My personal preferred method of knitting with beads
Given all the pros and cons, I still prefer using a crochet hook to add beads. But, if a lot of my beads were more organic (read – funky-shaped holes), I’d go to the Superfloss method.
About the Instructor: Jody Richards
Jody loves pouring over stitch dictionaries and trying out new stitches. And while she likes all things crafting (well ok, except that one thing), yarn crafts are her true love (and she has the stash to prove it).
She’s a serial starter-of-projects and has a serious problem with finishing things without a deadline.
And don’t get her talking about hand-dyed yarns. You’ve been warned. | Fiber Arts | 8 | 159 |
129 | WATCH THIS 90-SECOND INTRO RIGHT NOW!
Meet Our Instructors
Annie's Video Classes
Top 4 Classes in Knit
Whether you are brand-new to knitting or have knit for years, Annie's has video classes to expand your skills. Taught by the nation's top knitting instructors, each class includes exclusive patterns and practice exercises for trying out each of the skills taught in class. Knit classes taught include techniques such as
- How to knit basic stitches on straight needles, double-point needles and circular needles.
- How to knit on a knitting loom.
- How to knit cables, lace and dozens of other special stitches.
- How to work short rows.
- How to knit colorwork without all the work.
Before you know it, your knitting skills will greatly improve and expand, and you'll be able to incorporate new knitting stitches and techniques into a greater variety of patterns and designs. | Fiber Arts | 8 | 159 |
129 | We all know how to make braids, they are so easy to create that can also be made by little children, so this is an ideal project to do with the family. The most difficult thing to make a rug with braids is to braid the whole roll of t-shirt yarn, so doing it in several sections simplify the work so you can make a colorful carpet and work as a team.
A rug with braids can be round but you can also make it square, oval, heart and other original shapes. And you can always sew it with the machine, fasten the fabric without sewing or make t-shirt yarn rugs with braids based on other techniques.
Round braided rugs
Braided rugs are not difficult to make but the most complicated thing is to plait a long roll of fabric that at the end is quite bulky, that’s why you can make the braids, combine colors, and join them to achieve a long braid which then you sew in a spiral to achieve a round rug.
While the easiest way to make a rug with braids is to roll up the braid and sew it, you can also make a round rug without seams. For this you have to make the braid as you make the carpet but passing the inner pull through the previous lap.
You can see this procedure on seamless braided rugs
Is ideal to make a simple round carpet to learn and then, having practice and experience, start trying to make more complex models such as these braided rugs with shapes.
Square braided rugs
This way of making square rugs has the advantage of being able to make the braids in several sections, avoiding the problem we mentioned at the beginning of not having to braid the entire roll.
They are also easier to machine sew and you can even combine the colors to form hearts, stretching the trap and matching the color of one and another braid.
This is another model of square rug with stitched braids, with a very original color combination and a very neat finish.
As you get to know the stitches to make rugs you can combine the braids with other forms of braiding without crochet needles or looms, like the method of carpet brushes. These carpets are braided with a large needle which is also a perfect tool to make braided rugs without seams.
You can see how to make a needle to weave carpets in the article carpets toothbrush
If you find this post interesting, show your appreciation by sharing or liking it | Fiber Arts | 8 | 159 |
129 | We’re enjoying seeing some progress on our knit-along (if you’re new to the blog, see our Stitchmastery is 7; Anniversary Mittens KAL and design-along! post for full information) and we’re delighted to hear that some intrepid knitters are considering trying stranded colourwork for the first time. We thought it might be helpful to point you in the direction of some resources which might help you get the best from your project.
Brand new to stranded knitting
If you’ve never tried stranded colourwork before, Kate Atherley has a beginners video tutorial on Knitty.com – http://knitty.com/ISSUEff18/FEATff18WK/FEATff18WK.php
This blog post from TinCanKnits gives a simple project to try, especially if you’d like to try stranded knitting on larger needles before starting knitting our mittens – How to knit Fair Isle patterns
Got the basics, looking to develop skills
If you’ve got used to the basics of stranded knitting, Knotions issue July 2017 has a helpful article for finessing the technique – Tips for Fair Isle or Stranded Knitting
The Knotions article mentions knitting outside in (or inside out), which is demonstrated in the following video from KnittyMelissa on Youtube:
Last year’s Year of Techniques book & project by Arnall-Culliford Knitting featured colourwork as one of the topics, and Jen presents a video here on colour dominance – https://www.masondixonknitting.com/year-techniques-fair-isle-color-dominance/
Andrea of the Fruity Knitting podcast has a section in a tutorial on the Baa-ble hat which shows how she catches longer floats, and also how she weaves in the start of a new colour yarn (starting at section 5) – https://fruityknitting.com/2016/07/16/baa-ble-hat-by-donna-smith/. Luckily our Anniversary Mittens don’t have many long floats, and you might not feel that you need to catch the floats so often at this guage (especially if you’re using a woolly/sticky yarn like Shetland wool), but the techniques are well worth a look!
Another comprehensive resource is the DVD or film download 50 tips from Shetland Knitters by Hazel Tindall and Elizabeth Johnston, which covers a huge range of topics from casting on to finishing and blocking/dressing a project – whether you watch the full 3.5 hours in one go or dip in from time to time, you’re bound to learn something useful!
Do you have any go-to sources for learning new techniques, or tips for our new mitten-knitters? | Fiber Arts | 8 | 159 |
129 | 16 Cool Ways to Reuse Tee Shirts
Think about how many tee shirts your family goes through in a year or two. How many do your kids outgrow, stain, or just plain wear out? Many times our tee shirts aren’t even worthy of a thrift store by the time we are done with them. You don’t have to throw those old tees away. Or, maybe you simply find great deals on new tee shirts on the clearance rack an want to do something creative with them. Here are some practical, fun and inventive uses for tee shirts.
Hint: These are also great uses for those promo and free tee shirts you get from companies that you would never actually wear.
Ways to Reuse Tee Shirts: No Sewing Required
- Cut old tee shirts up to make rags.
- Make extra pads for your Swiffer. Use the mop head part as a template. You want the measurement to be about 2 inches all the way around so you can hook it into place. This saves so much money!
- Use large clean tee shirts for garment bags. Slip a suit jacket onto a hanger and slip it through the tee shirt leaving the tee’s sleeves hanging out. It keeps the dust.
- Make homemade Tee-Shirt Yarn for knitting, crocheting, and looming (SO cool!!)
- Make a cute No-Sew Scarf from old tee shirts.
- This tutorial shows you have to make a No-Sew Vest out of an old tee shirt.
- Here is an easy No-Sew Tee Shirt Tote Bag that takes only 10 minutes (or so) or make!
- Make a homemade pillow or throw pillow cover using this No-Sew Pillow tutorial.
- Have an old tee shirt with a really cool design or graphic. Grab an old wooden picture frame (8×10, 11×14, etc) and use it as a template and frame it around the graphic. Then cut the fabric about an inch larger than the frame (all around). Then take a hot glue gun and glue the tee to the frame to create a canvas type of look.
- Another option is to cut the graphic on the tee to fit inside a frame. Then glue it to a piece of cardboard and insert it inside the picture frame.
Ways to Reuse Tee Shirts: Sewing Required
- Check out this tutorial for making skirts for little girls using old tee shirts (or Dollar Store tees).
- Make boutique style fabric flowers for head bands and hair clips. (Minimal hand sewing)
- Cut old tee shirts in squares and sew them to make bean bags. Any rice or dried beans will do for filling. What a great cheap and easy toy for kids.
- A tee shirt quilt is a great way to reuse tee shirts with sentimental value. It’s great for sports tees for men. Or you can use your children’s old baby clothes. Detailed tutorials can show you how it’s done.
- Making a throw pillow cover out of an old tee shirt is an easier and simpler way to hang on to an old special tee shirt.
- DIY Doggie Bed made out of old tee shirts and stuff with shredded tees. | Fiber Arts | 8 | 159 |
129 | Things You'll Need
Pants that are the perfect fit around the waist, don't always fit through the inseam. Petite women and shorter men often have trouble purchasing pants that are short enough for them. Pants that droop past the ankle can be unflattering. Rehemming the pants can be tricky. Though it is possible to cut the bottom hem off of pants, recreating the stitching of the hem can be difficult, especially on jeans. Shorten the pants by adjusting the hem instead.
Video of the Day
Determine how much shorter you would like your pants to be and cut that number in half. For example, if you would like your pants to be 2 inches shorter, you will cuff your pants by 1 inch.
Turn each pant leg inside out. Cuff your pants by flipping the bottom of each pant leg up to the measurement you came up with. So, if you want your pants 2 inches shorter, pull the hem up 1 inch. Measure to make sure your hem is placed accurately.
Pin the cuff in place, measuring to make sure that the cuff is turned up evenly all around. If your cuff is not pinned evenly, your pants will be shortened unevenly, making for a messy, unprofessional finished product.
Prepare your sewing machine and stitch the hem, sewing along the bottom seam of the old hem. Remove the pins as you sew so you do not damage your sewing machine. Stitch all around the cuff.
Turn the pant legs right side out. Flip the unstitched part of the cuff back inside the pant legs, leaving only the newly stitched bottom hem showing on the outside. Slip an iron inside each pant leg, creasing down the part of the cuff that is now inside. Iron the outside of each pant leg, pressing the hem firmly down.
Try on your newly shortened pants. Examine the shortened hem in the mirror and make sure the pants are as short as you need them to be. If you find that you have miscalculated, you can remove the stitching and start the process over. Since you did not cut the bottom of your pants, you can resew the hem easily.
If you often wear heels with your pants, determine how many inches you want to shorten your pants while wearing your heels and taking the extra height into consideration.
Use thread and needle suitable for the color and weight of the fabric. Denim may require heavier thread and needles. | Fiber Arts | 8 | 159 |
129 | Minimal Day Sampler
Block Two: Fringe
It seems like everyone is off to a good start with last month’s Quarter Opals blocks. How did you find it? Any trouble with the appliqué at all? The blocks I’ve seen look fantastic! What’s even better still, is that none of you have sworn directly at me (at least not yet), so I take that as a good sign. Ready for more?
This month’s block is called Fringe, based on the elongated teardrop shape of the metal pieces that dangle from the inspiration pendant. (You can see it in the photo on the January post.)
All of the remaining blocks will use templates in some way. Don’t worry though! They are really simple to use as long as you know a few things ahead of time:
- Appliqué templates DO NOT include a seam allowance. So when you are transferring them to your fabric, you need to leave space around them for the seam allowance.
- Always trace them on the RIGHT side of your fabric. The line you trace is your stitching line and it needs to be visible.
- Don’t use chalk to trace templates on your fabric. Because the piece will be handled quite a bit while you’re stitching, chalk often wears off before you’ve finished and then you have to wing it. (However, if adrenaline-fueled quilting is your thing, by all means go for it! You are the boss of your process.)
Feel better? Excellent. Let’s get started.
Begin by printing out a copy of the template, making sure the scaling on your printer is turned off. The cut-out template should be around 7 ½” long.
Tip: I’ve simply used copier paper for all of the templates for this quilt, which has worked fine. None of them will be used more than a few times and they don’t need to be terribly precise. But if you prefer something stronger, feel free to transfer them to cardstock, template plastic, or whatever you like.
Whether you are making the wall or lap sized quilt, this month’s block is the same for both.
- From background fabric: Cut one 10 ½” square
- From appliqué fabric: You’ll need 3 scraps that are at least 2” x 8”, though you don’t need to trim them down to that size. Just be sure they are at least large enough to allow for the template and seam allowance.
On the RIGHT side of an appliqué fabric, place the narrow end of the template on a cut edge and trace around it, using whatever pen/transfer method you like. Be sure you are leaving enough space around it for a seam allowance that is more than 1/8” but less than ¼” (i.e. a “fat eighth”).
Repeat this process on a second appliqué fabric.
Flip the template over and trace it on the RIGHT side of the third appliqué fabric. The template isn’t symmetrical so this adds a nice bit of variation in the finished block.
Tip: Use a sheet of fine grit sandpaper (from the hardware store) under the fabric while you trace. It holds the fabric smooth and prevents those little skips and drags that the tip of your pen can cause. You’ll get a nice clean line without the struggle.
Cut out the appliqué pieces, adding a “fat eighth” seam allowance.
Lay out the appliqué pieces on your background square as shown:
The top edge of all three appliqués should line up with the top edge of the background square. They should be grouped off-center toward the left side of the block, roughly 1 ½” from the left edge and nearly touching at the widest part of the appliqués. When you are happy with the placement, baste or pin the piece on the left (setting the others aside).
Starting at the top edge of the block, stitch down the left straight edge, around the bottom curve and back up the right side of the appliqué. Do not stitch across the top of the appliqué. That edge will be enclosed in the seam when the blocks are joined later.
Tip: I found it easiest to finger press the seam allowance under on the long straight sides before stitching. It gives a nice, crisp edge that is easy to stitch. Then I used the needle-turn technique to go around the curves at the bottom. These are much tighter curves than we did in the last block, so it is especially important to only turn under enough of the seam allowance to take one stitch at a time. Turning under too much at once or working with a too-wide seam allowance will cause little points and bumps along the edge instead of a smoothly rounded curve.
Add the other two pieces back to your block, according to the above layout, this time basting or pinning the middle piece down. Set aside the third piece and stitch down the middle one.
Finally, add the third appliqué in the same manner as above. Your finished block should look something like this: (you may want to actually iron yours before taking any photos of it though…)
Your new block will go here in the final quilt layout (wall, then lap size):
As always, if you have any questions about anything here or would like more information, email me at [email protected] or come find me on Instagram at @bespokeoutlaw. I will continue to post hints and tips there too.
Next month we’ll add bias strips! | Fiber Arts | 8 | 159 |
129 | We are searching data for your request:
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For her birthday party or to dress up at Carnival, your little fairy needs a suit to match! Stella, DIY designer and blogger of Leelooh Creation, explains on video how to make a beautiful fairy skirt. Magical !
- Start by burning the sides of the ribbon so that it does not fray.
- Wrap the tulle book in width.
- Remove the tulle without unrolling it, and cut the ends to have strips of the same size.
- Take a strip of tulle, fold it in half, and tie a knot with the tulle on the ribbon.
- Do the same operation with all the bands to cover the ribbon that serves as a belt.
- Keep the neouds on the same side to make it look better once the skirt is worn.
- Cover the ribbon with as many strips of tulle as you want to fit the size of your child.
- Close the ribbon by making a knot around the waist. | Fiber Arts | 8 | 159 |
129 | Covering all aspects of this increasingly popular craft, First Beading will get you stringing, weaving, and stitching with beads straightaway. Choose from over 20 beading projects for all skills levels, from bracelets and earrings to scarves and bags.
Step-by-step photography and easy-to-follow instructions guide you through every aspect of each project, guaranteeing success every time. Workshop sections introduce each new technique, so that you are prepared when it comes to beading up a piece of jewellery or special gift. Whether you’re a beginner or an experienced beader, this comprehensive guide is sure to inspire.
Other titles in this series include: First Card Making (9781843406143), First Crochet (9781843406129) and First Knits (9781843406112). | Fiber Arts | 8 | 159 |
129 | Clothing Industry in Hong Kong
14 November 2019
- Starting 1 January 2009, textile and clothing products originating in China no longer require any import licence or surveillance document before entering the EU. Meanwhile, textile and clothing shipments to the US made on or after 1 January 2009 are no longer subject to any quotas.
- Under the Mainland and Hong Kong Closer Economic Partnership Arrangement (CEPA), the mainland has given all products of Hong Kong origin, including clothing items, tariff-free treatment starting from 1 January 2006. According to the stipulated procedures, products which have no existing CEPA rules of origin will enjoy tariff-free treatment upon applications by local manufacturers and upon the CEPA rules of origin being agreed and met.
- Hong Kong clothing companies are reputable for ODM and OEM production. They are able to deliver quality clothing articles in short lead time, as foreign importers and retailers request clothing suppliers to tighten up supply chain management to ensure the ordered merchandise reaching the store floor at the right time. Increasingly, Hong Kong clothing companies, the established ones in particular, have shown enthusiasm for brand promotion.
- Hong Kong’s total exports of clothing decreased by 5% year-on-year in the first half of 2019, when re-exports fell on par and domestic exports dropped by 29%. In January-June 2019, Hong Kong's clothing exports to the US and EU, the two largest markets that accounted for 55% of the total, fell by 9% and 14%, respectively.
Industry Features
The clothing industry is a major manufacturing sector of Hong Kong. It is one of the largest manufacturing employers in Hong Kong, with 558 establishments hiring 3,468 workers as of March 2019.
Hong Kong's geographic boundary has never constrained the development of the forward-looking clothing industry. The majority of clothing manufacturers have set up offshore production facilities in an attempt to reduce operation costs. Relocation of production facilities offshore has, however, resulted in a largely steady decline in the number of clothing manufacturers in Hong Kong.
Hong Kong is not only a leading production centre but also a hub for clothing sourcing globally. Companies doing garment trade in Hong Kong are experienced in fabrics procurement, sales and marketing, quality control, logistic arrangements, clothing designs and international and national rules and regulations. The professionalism that they command and the combined services offered are not easily matched elsewhere. They altogether form one of the largest groups involved in import-export trade in Hong Kong, with 14,170 establishments employing 77,250 people as of Dec 2018.
Performance of Hong Kong’s Exports of Clothing
In recent years, traditional markets, such as the US, the EU and Japan, have rendered clothing exporters from developing countries, including ASEAN and Bangladesh, more preferential market access, which has in turn impaired the competitiveness of Hong Kong and mainland manufacturers. Along with rising labour costs and stricter environmental regulations in mainland China, an increasing number of Hong Kong and mainland clothing manufacturers have relocated their production of lower-end and mass products to Southeast Asian countries like Bangladesh, Vietnam, Cambodia and Indonesia. Their manufacturing operations on the mainland are now focused on more sophisticated and higher value-added items or urgent orders.
Hong Kong’s total exports of clothing fell by 5% year-on-year in the first half of 2019 following a 4% decrease in 2018. In January-June 2019, Hong Kong’s domestic exports of clothing slid by 29%, while re-exports fell by 5% on par with total clothing exports.
Among the major export destinations, Hong Kong's clothing exports to the US decreased by 9% in the first six months of 2019, while those to the EU were down by 14%. Clothing exports to major EU markets, including Germany, the UK, the Netherlands, Italy and France, fell by 1-17%. Taken together, sales to the US and the EU accounted for more than 55% of Hong Kong’s total clothing exports. On a brighter note, sales to mainland China, ASEAN and Macau grew by 4%, 13% and 24%, respectively.
Product wise, Hong Kong’s exports of woven wear fell by 6% year-on-year in the first half of 2019. Exports of knitted wear decreased by 7%, whereas clothing accessories dropped by 5% on par with other apparel articles.
Source: Hong Kong Trade Statistics, Census and Statistics Department
Hong Kong’s clothing manufacturers have comprehensive knowledge about sourcing and products. They are able to understand and cater to the preferences of the dispersed customer bases. Exporters also have good knowledge of international and national rules and regulations governing clothing exports, such as rules of origin, tariff rates and documentation requirements. Cut, make and trim (CMT) arrangements are common, although many Hong Kong manufacturers have moved to higher value-added activities such as design and brand development, quality control, logistics and material sourcing.
A few well-established local manufacturers have entered into the retailing business, while many of them have retail networks with their own labels locally and overseas. Some well-known manufacturing retailers like Baleno, Bossini, Crocodile, Episode, G-2000, Giordano, I.T, Jeanswest and Moiselle have extended their retail networks not only to developed markets including Australia, Canada, France, Japan, Singapore, South Korea, Taiwan and the UK, but also emerging markets in Asia, the Middle East, Africa, Central and Eastern Europe and Latin America.
As a global sourcing hub in Asia, Hong Kong attracts a number of international trading houses and major retailers. Buyers sourcing from Hong Kong include American and European department stores (e.g. Macy's, JCPenney, Federated, Karstadt Quelle, C&A), discount stores (e.g. Sears, Target and Carrefour), speciality chains (e.g. House of Holland, Temperley London, Willsoor, Zoot) and e-tailers (e.g. Zalora). Many international premium designer labels – such as Calvin Klein, Donna Karen, Ralph Lauren, Tommy Hilfiger and Yves Saint Laurent – source clothes in Hong Kong through their buying offices or other intermediaries.
Hong Kong’s fashion designers have been gaining worldwide reputation for their professional expertise, sensitivity to current trends and ability to blend commercialism with innovation. In the New York Fashion Week February 2019, three Hong Kong fashion designer labels, 112 MOUNTAINYAM, Anveglosa and HEAVEN PLEASE+ were invited to take part to showcase their Fall/Winter 2019 collections. In addition, medium to high-priced fashion clothing bearing Hong Kong designer labels is being sold/has been sold in renowned department stores and e-tailing platforms such as Bloomingdale's, Ferd.com, Net-A-Porter and Macy's.
Trade fairs and exhibitions remain common places for buyers and suppliers of clothing to congregate. To establish connections and explore market opportunities, Hong Kong manufacturers and traders have involved themselves actively in international shows led by the Hong Kong Trade Development Council (HKTDC), including the ones in Beijing, Budapest, Chengdu, Dalian, Dubai, Dusseldorf, Moscow, Mumbai, Paris, Tokyo, Warsaw, Istanbul and Jakarta. ‘Hong Kong Fashion Week’ is organised twice a year and attracts international suppliers and buyers to participate in the exhibition. Organised by HKTDC, ‘World Boutique, Hong Kong’ was the first independent event in Hong Kong dedicated to promoting designers’ collection and brands from around the world. To better align the event with the international fashion trade calendar, the fair, from 2016 onwards, was rescheduled from January to September and re-named CENTRESTAGE, serving as a dedicated marketing platform for international and regional brands, ready-to-wear and designer labels to showcase their collections.
Online shopping is increasingly an integral part of worldwide apparel sales and marketing, especially in the US and mainland China markets where more than 30% of clothing sales were done online in 2018. The e-tailing eco-system is quickly evolving, with some major marketplaces, including global leaders such as Amazon, Tmall, JD.com and Secoo.com, jockeying for market shares and brand participation. Aligning their market strategies with ever-growing customer experience requirements, industry players are striving to enhance their ordering and fulfillment with the aid of novel technologies such as virtual fitting, visual search and AI-powered chatbots.
On the supply side, by collecting individual consumer data from different consumer touchpoints (e.g. social media, company website, digital advertisements, physical stores and customer centres), apparel manufacturers and designers not only could better identify consumer needs, but also draw inferences from data and make better and quicker response to the fast-changing demand and fashion trends. Going hand-in-hand with digital transformation, advanced production technologies, such as digital and laser printing, 3D knitting, semi-automated sewing and robotics, are breeding new generations of smart factories which could produce just-in-time and on-demand items in small batches.
The lucrative mainland market continues to draw the attention of both Hong Kong and foreign clothing companies and fashion brands. Some well-established foreign players including Champion, Mango, Nike, Skechers and Zadig & Voltaire are fast expanding, online and offline, on the mainland. Some luxury fashion brands, such as the SMCP Group (carrying brands such as Sandro, Maje and Claudie Pierlot), Italian Moschino and German Karl Lagerfeld, are also pairing up with major Chinese e-tailing platforms to deliver omni-channel services. As the market getting more mature, Chinese consumers are becoming more fashionable and conscious about brands and product quality.
Private or house labels, in essence, have become an increasingly effective marketing tool among garment retailers, especially when many consumers in developed markets still remain conservative in view of the nascent economic recovery. In order to differentiate as well as upgrade the image of their products, major retailers have started to put a stronger emphasis on their own labels. Renowned retailers such as H&M, Marks & Spencer, Orsay, Palmers, Pimkie, Springfield and Kookai have owned their private labels. Even IKEA’s first limited-edition private-label fashion accessory, the IKEA fisherman hat, has achieved great success in the US. As consumers desire to have private labels on everyday garments like jeans, accessories and T-shirts, the doors are also open to the supply of these clothing items to private label owners.
Consumers are becoming more practical, thoughtful and socially conscious. The drive to embed sustainability within the clothing industry will likely bring forth new materials and innovative ways of production, while the concept of a circular economy will become more widely applied throughout the supply chain by committing to such ideas as end-of-life collection and closed-loop fashion products to enable the reuse and recycling of textile fibres and fabrics. Against this backdrop, clothing manufacturers have increasingly become certified to traceability standards such as OE Blended, OE 100 standard and the Global Organic Textile Standard (GOTS). Meanwhile, the number of GOTS certified facilities demonstrated a 15% increase from 5,024 in 2017 to 5,760 facilities last year.
On 18 October 2005, the mainland and Hong Kong agreed to further liberalise the mainland market for Hong Kong companies under the Mainland and Hong Kong Closer Economic Partnership Arrangement (CEPA). Along with other products of Hong Kong origin, the mainland has given all products of Hong Kong origin, including clothing items, tariff-free treatment starting from 1 January 2006. According to the stipulated procedures, products which have no existing CEPA rules of origin will enjoy tariff-free treatment upon applications by local manufacturers and upon the CEPA rules of origin being agreed and met.
To further facilitate the importation of Hong Kong goods into the mainland with zero tariff, the mainland and Hong Kong recently signed the Agreement on Trade in Goods under CEPA to provide exporters with a flexible option to choose between the existing Build-up method and introduced new Build-down method when calculating the value added to the products in Hong Kong. More details are available here.
The promulgated rules of origin for clothing items to benefit from CEPA's tariff preference are basically similar to the existing rules governing Hong Kong's exports of these products. Generally speaking, the principal manufacturing process of cut-and-sewn garment is sewing of parts into garments. If linking and/or stitching is/are required, such process/processes must also be done in Hong Kong. For piece-knitted garment, if it is manufactured from yarn, the principal process is knitting of yarn into knit-to-shape panel. If the piece-knitted garment is manufactured from knit-to-shape-panels, the principal process is linking of knit-to-shape panels into garment. If stitching is required, it must also be done in Hong Kong. Detailed information is available here.
Consumers in mature markets continue to resume spending on fashion products, but still opt for items that offer comfort, function and value-for-money. Longevity remains an important element, while items with recognisable, fashionable brands and decent quality are still highly sought-after.
Childrenswear continues to shape the clothing industry. The global market for children’s apparel is forecast to top US$200 billion by 2021. Parents worldwide are becoming more willing and able to pamper their children with more exquisite apparel, with a rising trend of gender-neutral childrenswear. The sturdiness is particularly visible in China market where the implementation of the two-child policy has ever since given rise to a double-digit sales growth of childrenswear since 2016.
The ageing population becomes a common phenomenon in many developed countries in Europe, Japan as well as the US. United Nations projects that population aged 60 or over in more developed regions accounts for 33% of their respective population. Elderly people constitute a major market segment called the ‘silver market’. Supported by savings, social security benefits and pensions, many elderly people have a rather strong spending power. A survey conducted by the Japanese government also shows that people who are 60 years old and above possess almost three times the financial assets of those in the 40-50 age group.
The plus-size market has been an area of growth for many years, and the trend is expected to continue, particularly in the US and UK. For instance, it is estimated that the average American woman is about 25 pounds heavier than she was in 1960, whereas nearly 40% of American adults and 19% of youth were obese according to recent research by the US’s National Center for Health Statistics. To tap the trend, some renowned brands such as Liz Claiborne, Ralph Lauren, Tommy Hilfiger and H&M have already responded by offering merchandise of larger size.
Clothes made of easy-care fabrics are well received in the market. While major apparel brands like Dockers and Liz Claiborne have already marketed extensively easy-care clothes, Hong Kong brands, such as LXN Collection, have chosen to focus on tailor-made quick-dry and stain-resistant business attire.
As people embrace a healthier urban lifestyle, the demand for athleisure that is suitable for multiple occasions is on the rise. This has seen athleisure brands to expand their product lines to include office wear, such as blouses and blazers. The demand for functional clothing is also climbing, thanks to the rapid development of anti-UV, anti-ray, good sweat management, thermal insulation, and self-cleaning technology.
The growth of technology allows consumers to search the internet and find a way to create their own custom made outfits. This is the modern way to express their creativity on making their own fashion designs and clothes. In response, some reputable clothing stores like Nike, Adidas and Walmart have started to sell personalised apparel, while companies in smaller business allow consumers to customise clothes and accessories with their own design online.
Industry statistics cover activities in Hong Kong only.
Since offshore trade has not been captured by ordinary trade figures, these numbers do not necessarily reflect the export business managed by Hong Kong companies.
- Garments, Textiles & Accessories
- Hong Kong
- Hong Kong | Fiber Arts | 8 | 159 |
129 | This time of year we’re all looking for quick and easy crafty items to give to teachers, relatives, neighbors, etc. I’ve run across a perfect no-sew craft idea that could be used a multitude of ways. The author of the tutorial uses the little squirrel on a t-shirt, but I could envision Christmas trees, candy canes, gingerbread men, etc appliqued onto tote bags for school teachers, Sunday School teachers, Holiday motifs appliqued onto a bath towel set for gift giving, and dozens of other ways this idea could be used!
This idea comes from The Long Thread blog, which simply states “a blog about handcrafted goods in an age of mass production”. I LOVE this idea!
Happy first day of Fall! Here’s a little autumn no-sew appliqué project. I put these appliqués on tees, but I think they would be cute on a kitchen towel, tote bag, at the hem of a skirt, or wherever you choose. I think it’s best to have some contrast with your fabric — dark appliqué on light fabric, light appliqué on dark fabric. As you can see, the orange fabric above doesn’t really show up all that well because of the white in the fabric design. It would also be cute to sew some buttons for eyes, maybe even embroider a little face.
I have never used this Wonder Under product for appliqué because I didn’t trust that it would stay on through wear and tear without sewn reinforcement. But I’ve washed and dried these tees and they just frayed a teeny bit around the edges, so I am satisfied. If you’re as confused by the vast array of interfacing at the fabric store as I am, just ask for “Wonder Under” and check to make sure that’s what you’ve got. It comes on a bolt or in small packages. The Wonder Under instructions say this works on wood too. I’m skeptical — anyone tried that?
- Double-sided fusible webbing (Wonder Under or other brand)
- Fabric scraps (about 6″x6″ for each squirrel)
- Fabric marker
- Small, sharp scissors
- Damp cloth
Print out the template you wish to use and cut out the image(s). The single squirrel is about 5 1/2″ wide and the squirrels in the other design are each 4 1/2″ wide:
- Cut a piece of fabric just larger than the appliqué design. Iron rough side of fusible webbing to wrong side of fabric, according to fusible webbing instructions. Be sure not to let the webbing overlap while you are ironing or you will get goop on your iron and/or your ironing board.
- Place template on the back of your fabric and trace image with a fabric marker.
- Cut away excess fabric and then cut carefully around your image with small, sharp scissors.
- Carefully peel away backing and place design on tee.
- Iron in place according to package directions with damp cloth on top.
All done! NOTE: This is the kind of project that the kids would love to help with!!! | Fiber Arts | 8 | 159 |
129 | Spinning Energized Yarns Video Download
Access more than 140 video courses (including this one) with a Long Thread Media All Access subscription, bringing you up close to experts in spinning, weaving, needleworking, felting, and dyeing. View Spinning Energized Yarns on our streaming platform.
Take your spinning and knitting to a new level--harness the energy in your yarn for lively yarns and lively fabrics. Kathryn Alexander has mastered the nuances of twist for incredible results in her stunning handspun knits and here she is to show you how to do it, too.
As you watch, this video will:
- Guide you through choosing the fiber that will give you the most beautiful, crisp fabric surfaces
- Help you choose appropriate drafting techniques
- Show you how to spin both Z-twist and S-twist singles
- Show you how to manage these high-twist yarns so that the energy remains present and manageable as you work
- Demonstrate the effects of finishing fresh and at-rest singles in both the skein and swatch-- you'll see the twist in action
- Provide examples of what the energy does to create beautiful surface texture in knitted fabrics
As spinners, we have unique opportunities to design the yarns we want for the effects we desire. Go beyond selecting the fiber type, color, grist, and texture of your yarn to manage the twist energy in the yarn to create complex, textured surfaces.
Once you understand how to spin and control your lively yarns, you'll be ready to knit one-of-a-kind fabrics that are pure magic.
If you'd like to purchase the streaming version of this video, visit: Spinning Energized Yarns.
Running Time: 74 minutes | Fiber Arts | 8 | 159 |
129 | Can You Use A Hoop For Needlepoint? Needlepoint is essentially a kind of embroidery that is done on a canvas. Rather than being done on a piece of fabric held taut by an embroidery hoop, needlepoint can be done without a hoop due to the stiffness of needlepoint canvases.
What Is A Scroll Frame Used For?
Scroll Frames Another way to hold your fabric is by using a scroll frame. This seems especially useful for larger projects that will probably take you a long time to finish. These were patented in 1994. They were likely created to resolve some of the issues people had with hoops.
How Do You Set Up An Embroidery Frame?
- Step 1Loosen the screw at the top of the embroidery frame to separate the 2 frames.
- Step 2Place the outside frame to the side, leaving you with just the smaller, inside frame.
- Step 3Position the inside frame under the material so it hangs over the edges.
How Do I Attach A Needlepoint Canvas To A Scroll Frame?
How Do You Frame A Scroll?
Do You Have To Use Stretcher Bars For Needlepoint?
Think of stretcher bars like a good bra – you can probably get by without one, but many of us appreciate the support it provides! Needlepoint stretcher bars, or any other type of needlepoint frame, will hold your needlepoint canvas smooth, flat, and tight for easier stitching.
How Do You Stretch An Embroidery For Framing?
Steam stretching will pull it gently back into shape. Place a towel on your ironing board or pad, and lay your embroidery face down on top of it. Put your iron on the steam setting, and hold it over the back of your embroidery, moving it slowly so that all of the fabric steamed equally.
How Do I Keep My Embroidery Hoop From Slipping?
How To Keep An Embroidery Hoop Tight
- Use Plastic No-Slip Hoops. What is this?
- Inspect the metal hardware on the top of the hoop.
- Check to make sure the inner and outer ring have a tight seal.
- Bind your embroidery hoop.
Do You Leave Embroidery In The Hoop?
If the hoop is large enough to encompass the entire design, you can get away with leaving the fabric in the hoop, but it’s a good idea to loosen the tension a bit when you’re done stitching. If your hoop is smaller than your design, you definitely want to take the fabric out when you’re done stitching for the day.
How Do You Attach Canvas To Embroidery Frame?
Can You Needlepoint Without A Frame?
A needlepoint frame will keep your work clean, it will keep your needlepoint taut and make it easier to work, and it will also help prevent some distortion of the canvas. However, using a frame is optional and you can certainly stitch with the needlepoint canvas simply held in your lap.
What Size Stretcher Bars Do I Need For Needlepoint?
Needlepoint Stretcher Bars – Features: Select a size that is the same size as the area of your canvas. E.g. for a needlepoint canvas that measures 8″ x 10″ you will need two 8″ needlepoint stretcher bars and two 10″ needlepoint stretcher bars.
What Is The Default Setting For Scroll Bar In A Frame?
The default value of HTML scrolling attribute is auto. HTML 4.01 frameset when used with frame element.
How Do You Make A Scroll Frame Cover?
What Is Scroll Behavior?
The scroll-behavior property specifies whether to smoothly animate the scroll position, instead of a straight jump, when the user clicks on a link within a scrollable box. Default value: auto.
What Kind Of Frame Is Best For Needlepoint?
Traditional tapestry or hand rotating frames are suitable for needlepoint and cross-stitch and can be used with canvas, aida cloth, linen, etc. The frames come in various sizes, usually consisting of 12? side bars and a pair of rollers. The rollers have a strip of canvas for stitching the fabric onto.
What’S The Difference Between Quick Point And Needlepoint?
On a quickpoint canvas, the pattern is printed directly onto the canvas. With needlepoint, you will need to count the stitches based on the instruction pattern. Consult the instructions for more information on the positioning of stitches.
How Is Needlepoint Different From Embroidery?
While the concept used in needlepoint is stitching over the design area and covering it with yarn or thread, embroidery involves stitching over the lines and filling in the shapes.
Where Do You Start On A Needlepoint Canvas?
Stitch in all the color areas using either the Continental or the Basketweave stitch. It doesn’t really matter where on your canvas you start, but beginners often find it easier to stitch in the smallest color areas first.
How Do You Use Embroidery Stretcher Bars?
How Do You Stretch A Finished Needlepoint?
Should Embroidery Be Framed Under Glass?
We know that the rules generally require that they be framed without glass so that the judges can scrutinize your work very closely. Once your needlework (and hopefully a ribbon) is back in your hands, please bring it in and we’ll be happy to put the glass in for you.
How Do You Stretch A Piece Of Embroidery?
How Do You Display Embroidery Without A Hoop?
Hang your embroidery from a wall or ladder for an eye-catching display. Keep things simple! Clip the top of your embroidered piece to wall hooks or a quilt hanger so you can hang the piece on any wall in your home. For a more rustic look, prop a ladder against the wall and drape the top of your embroidery over a rung.
Why Is My Embroidery Hoop So Loose?
The cause comes down to there not being enough friction between the hoop and the fabric, which causes slippage, particularly while stitching.
How Do You Do Straight Stitch In Embroidery?
Working Straight Stitch To begin, bring the needle up from the back of the fabric to the front at the end point of one of your short lines. Take the needle down at the opposite end of the stitch line. Bring the needle up at the closest next stitch. Take the needle down at the opposite end of the stitch line.
Why Won’T My Embroidery Hoop Tighten?
Use both hands to evenly press it down on the hoops. If the hoop feels too tight to push over the fabric and inner hoop, remove it, loosen the screw slightly, and try again. If the fabric feels loose, remove the outer hoop, tighten the screw a little more, and try again.
What Is Chenille In Embroidery?
Chenille embroidery, colloquially known as “chenille” is a kind of specialized loop or chain embroidery, which is made with yarn, not typical embroidery threads – polyester or viscose. Thanks to use of yarn instead of threads , this embroidery method makes the pattern look optically thicker and more convex.
How Do You Seal The Back Of An Embroidery?
Simply heat-press the ST104 film on the back of your embroidery (shiny side against the fabric) to provide a seal and stop water from penetrating through needle holes. Will remain firm when washed up to 40°C.
What Do You Do With Embroidery When You’Re Done?
A LIST OF WAYS TO USE YOUR EMBROIDERY
- TURN A CHILD’S ARTWORK INTO AN EMBROIDERED KEEPSAKE.
- MAKE A PIN.
- MAKE A WRIST CUFF.
- MAKE A NECKLACE.
- MAKE A LAVENDER SACHET.
- UP-CYCLE SOME CLOTHING.
- USE EMBROIDERY TO MEND A TEAR IN YOUR FAVORITE OLD JEANS.
- CREATE UNIQUE RE-USEABLE GIFT TAGS. | Fiber Arts | 8 | 159 |
129 | How to knit a scarf - step by step instructions
Knitting a scarf video tutorial.
Scarf length - 46 in. (116.8 cm.)
Needles - 14" (35 cm.) US: 8 (5.00 mm)
1. Cast on 30 stitches
2. Get rid of the other end of the yarn. Begin knitting the first row (right side) - [purl one stitch, knit one stitch] to end.
Note: Start all following rows until the end by skipping the first stitch (or work a slip stitch).
3. Second row (wrong side) - [purl 1 stitch, knit 1 stitch] to end.
Keep knitting this pattern for the next 15 rows
4. New pattern begins with [purl 3, knit 3] to end for 5 rows.
5. Then, do opposite, [knit the 3 purl stitches and purl the 3 knit sts] to end for 5 rows. Alternate the 5 rows. Your pattern should look like a chessboard. Repeat the pattern till you reach the desired length of your scarf.
6. Change pattern again (corn stitch) - [purl ,1 knit 1] to end. On a wrong side - [knit the purl stitch and purl the knit one] to end.
7. Cast off. Before binding off, make sure that you have same number of this pattern rows as at the other end of the scarf.
8. Secure and hide the end of the yarn. | Fiber Arts | 8 | 159 |
129 | Do you like Color work but struggle with stranded work?
Have you tried it before but it was confusing?
You love to learn a new technique and like to enjoy a reversible Piece?
If you answer “yes” to one or more of these questions you are in the right place!
What is Double Knitting
With the double knitting technique you knit two right sides in once with two different colors and you get a reversible Piece. It’s great for Shawls, Cowls and Hats, but you can use it also for Cardigans and Shirts.
- Different ways to cast on
- Chart reading
- Double knitting straight (practice)
- Double knitting round (without practice in class, but you will know how to do it)
- Bind off
Bring along: Please bring to the course two high-contrast yarns of the same quality at least 20g each and matching needles 3,5 – 4mm. | Fiber Arts | 8 | 159 |
129 | Punk-rock style has evolved in recent years, with more fashion lovers embracing the edgy punk-rock persona and incorporating it into their wardrobes in a variety of ways. From studded accessories like belts and bags to tough garments like the motorcycle jacket, punk-rock style is making a major comeback. Luckily, you need not spend a fortune to get in on this trend. Revamp an old T-shirt into punk-rock territory by following a few simple steps.
Punk Rock T-Shirt
Take your scissors and cut off the sleeves of your T-shirt to make it into a tank top, cutting from the bottom hem of the sleeve to the top.
Cut a slight U-shape, starting and ending three inches before the corner of each shoulder. A deeper cut will result in more neck room while a V-neck cut is a popular silhouette, as well.
Allow the back of the T-shirt to drape and cut several thin vertical slits into the fabric. Thin lines will result in many subtle cut-outs while thick, separated lines will result in a larger area for skin to peek through. You can also use this technique horizontally by draping the T-shirt horizontally and cutting slits from there.
Cut a few scattered holes throughout the T-shirt, about one inch in diameter, to create a grungy effect with subtle cut-outs.
Add spikes or pyramid-stud embellishments to your T-shirt for an extra dose of glam. Determine a pattern for placement -- usually on the shoulders -- and mark each spot with a fine-point marker.
Unscrew a screw-back stud or spike and insert the sharp edge of each stud into the shirt and screw the fastener on to secure. Repeat this step until each marked point is covered in a stud or spike, creating a cool and stylish punk-rock inspired T-shirt.
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- Give a new T-shirt a worn look through fading and softening. Start with a T-shirt one size larger than your normal size as the fading process will cause shrinkage. Combine a mixture of washing soda and salt and set aside.
- Then, wash your T-shirt in the washing machine on a high temperature. Once the water has reached the top of the load, add your salt and soda mixture and put the T-shirt in. When the load has finished, dry on high heat. Repeat this process three to five times, gradually decreasing the amount of salt and soda in the mixture. Finally, use a small piece of sandpaper to brush at any logo your T-shirt may have, creating a cool faded appearance.
Sara Cantu has been writing fashion and lifestyle articles since 2009. As a fashion stylist, writer and blogger, she has been published in “Lady Couture” magazine and “RGV” magazine. She holds a Bachelor of Arts in journalism from The University of Texas - Pan American.
Hemera Technologies/AbleStock.com/Getty Images | Fiber Arts | 8 | 159 |
129 | Hand Embroidery is an art form that has been around since forever. While the word embroidery may seem like something that is not easy, hand embroidery is easy for everyone to learn and do.
Hand embroidery is a simple form of embroidery that you can do on a variety of fabrics. All you need is a needle and some colorful thread. The options you have with the different embellishments you can use are countless and can provide hours of fun.
Whether you’re new to hand embroidery or have dabbled in it before, starting with something simple is your best bet. You can always work your way up to more intricate designs but simple hand embroidery designs have something about them that can’t be matched.
In this guide, we’ll talk you through the tools you need to start your pillow cover project. We’ll cover the basic instructions that will work on all designs and finally end on a few hand embroidery designs that will be great on pillow covers.
Tools You Will Need
Getting started on hand embroidery can seem like a difficult task. Especially when you see the array of needles, hoops, and cutters that are available in the market.
Fret not, though. Below we’ll list the 5 tools that you will need to get started:
There is a right type of needle for every job you may have when doing hand embroidery. Making sure you have all the needles needed will not only make your project less frustrating but will also bring out better end results.
A crewel needle is the most basic needle you will need for hand embroidery. It comes in a variety of sizes and owning a fair chunk of the sizes will ensure you have one for every stitch you want to make.
A tapestry needle has a shorter shaft than a crewel needle and is commonly used in counted cross stitch and some needlepoint techniques. The blunt tip of these needles also can help in surface embroidery. They are available in petite and standard lengths as well as in a variety of different sizes.
If you want to try out bullion knots, French knots, or cast-on stitches, you should have a milliner needle in your arsenal. The eye and the shaft are the same sizes so will work great with wrapped stitches. It is also called a straw needle.
Hoops and Frames
An embroidery hoop or frame will help you keep your fabric taut when you start stitching on your design. The tautness helps in making sure that the stitch you’re making lies flat and does not warp with the fabric.
When starting out, you can opt for plastic or inexpensive wooden hoops as those will work just as well as the expensive ones. As you start becoming more experienced, you can buy the more expensive ones that have metal hardware that can be tightened with a screwdriver.
You may think using normal scissors when cutting embroidery thread is good enough, but that’s far from the truth. While you can use them to cut thread, you will not get a clean grounding.
Embroidery scissors are smaller and have thinner blades that are extremely sharp. They have a pinpoint that helps you properly cut the thread close to the ground fabric. These scissors are a must-have for people trying hand embroidery.
Light and Magnification
Good lighting is essential for anyone doing detailed work. It can help you transfer designs effectively onto your fabric. There are many options available in craft stores but if you have a sunny window, you’re good!
A magnifier is handy to help you see details without straining your eyes, especially if you already have trouble seeing fine details. Hand embroidery is at times very detailed oriented and having a magnifier can help you focus on those parts easily. You can buy some easily at craft stores.
This is not really a tool but it is extremely important. Having all your supplies organized can help you finish your projects faster. Use labeled containers to have all your supplies at arm’s reach.
8 Simple Hand Embroidery Designs for Pillow Covers
We’re listing 8 easy and simple hand embroidery designs that would look great on your pillow covers. Whether you want to update your bedding or are making a gift, these designs are sure to elevate your pillow covers.
1. Leafy Border Monogram by Needle ‘n Thread
This leafy border design is an easy way to add some color to your pillow covers. The leaf design is extremely easy to transfer to your fabric and does not require a lot of detailed work on your part.
The recommended stitching that you can do for this design is a stem stitch along with a chain stitch. You can use white thread if you want a more subtle look but a light green thread will look amazing as well.
2. Lazy Daisy Stitch Tutorial by Wandering Thread
If you’re looking for a sweet, simple, and classic country look for your pillowcases, this is the one for you. It features open and cheery “lazy” daisies which will look great in a cluster, line, or added to other designs.
This design is very customizable, as it is really a tutorial for an easy to make (“lazy”) daisy design rather than a full pattern. Although Wandering Thread does use these lazy daisies in other patterns you can purchase. But the daisy tutorial is free for you to learn and customize.
The chain is made from a detached chain stitch which is a very easy, beginner stitch to learn. You can use long and short stitches to add texture to your daisies while filling them in.
3. DMC Good Things Ahead Pattern
Sometimes you need a bit of a pick-me-up on your pillow covers. It can be in the form of an inspirational quote or a cute diagram. This design combines stunning colors with a quote that promises a great future is coming at you.
The ‘Good Things Ahead’ design is very simple and can be hand-drawn onto your fabric. You can choose the font you want to go with and add any widgets of your choice around it. Use a chain stitch to add texture while filing in the words. Use whichever colors spark joy in you and you have your motivational pillow cover ready.
4. Kawaii Cute Cacti (“Stuck on You”) by Wild Olive
This is something that will put you right on-trend. Cactus art is making waves nowadays and with this embroidery design, you can have cacti on your pillow covers. This design is kawaii-themed which makes it perfect for a children’s pillowcase as well.
Use as many colors as you want in this design. You can utilize a variety of stitches but a simple chain stitch will work very well. The pattern is easy to transfer on your pillow cover and can even be hand-drawn for an added personal touch.
5. Little House Embroidery Patterns by Laura Howard
If you’re looking for a design that you can use at home but also can be gifted, this is the one for you. This cute and minimal house outline design on a pillow cover will be a great housewarming gift. It will look even better in your room, on your pillow.
You can add details in the outline per your choice. You can add color or fill in the outline if you please. The minimal look of this house is very customizable which makes this a great design for beginners. Use a chain stitch to keep the minimal outline intact and enjoy your new house pillow cover.
Plus, there are 4 other variations on the little house theme. You can choose your favorite, mix and match, and of course, add your own flair to any of these sweet designs.
6. Stitch Floral Rose Embroidery Pattern
Floral designs are evergreen when it comes to embroidery. Pillow covers and throw pillows are some of the best places to stitch on a floral design as they can add to the look of your room while bringing in a sense of freshness as well.
This design is easy to transfer to your pillow cover and requires just a few stitch types to complete. You will need to use long and short stitches, back split stitches, and French knots to create this breathtaking design.
Use as many colors as you want or stick with this gorgeous monochrome look. Either way, your decorative pillows will look designer-inspired.
7. Floral Meadow Pattern by Hodge Podge Craft
This simple floral emblem is great to add color to your pillow covers. While you can easily transfer this design onto your fabric, it’s actually so simple that you can even hand draw it. The end result looks more detailed than the work required to do it.
The artist combined different stitches – back stitch, whipped back stitch, stem stitch, satin stitch, seed stitch, french knots and fishbone stitch when making this “meadow”. Depending on how you picture the end result, you can always use just one stitch or a mixture of different ones.
You can also combine the flowers in a different order or trace the same ones on different spots on your pillow. With the colors, again, use as many as you want. It’s easy to customize. The design will look pretty nonetheless.
8. DMC Red Geometry Design
Last but not the least, we have a traditional and simple design for you. This red geometry design is a fun and easy to make cross stitch pattern and is a treat to look at.
Simple lines and geometry are ever popular in hand embroidery. This design done in full or in bands along the open edge of your pillowcase, will elevate the look of your pillow covers, for sure.
For this design, all you need to know is basic cross stitch, which is just about the simplest form of embroidery you can do. You can use colors as you please or stick to one color in different shades, variating from top to bottom or left to right for a more dynamic look.
Match the thread color to your bedsheets and you’ve updated plain bedding in no time!
What’s the Best Fabric For Pillow Covers?
Woven fabrics are generally the best for pillow covers. Cotton, silk, velvet, and linen can withstand repeated washing and will stay soft for longer.
What Kind of Fabric Do I Use For Embroidery?
Tightly woven, plain (a.k.a even or tabby) weave fabrics work best for surface and hand embroidery. If you are doing drawn or pulled thread techniques, a looser fabric will be ideal. For cross stitch, aida or monk’s cloth are classic choices.
How Do You Wash Hand Embroidery?
After you have finished stitching, you should hand wash your pillow covers or fabrics in lukewarm water with a mild liquid soap. Rinse in cold water and let dry flat.
Hand embroidery is a great way to spend your afternoon. It is an easy skill to learn and once you start making things for your house, you may never stop. Pillow covers are a great way to add some color to your bedroom and hand embroidery can help you do just that.
We hope this guide gives you some inspiration for your next hand embroidery project and pushes you to update a few bits around your home. Select a fun design, get your tools ready, and start stitching!
Up Next: How To Sew A Pillowcase By Hand | Fiber Arts | 8 | 159 |
129 | Stitch-onary: The modern day sewing sampler.
'Knots' is the third booklet in the Stitch-onary series. The knots difficulty is 3/5 so it is perfect for mid-level embroiderers.
In this Stitch-onary we will teach you how to sew a french knot, colonial knot, bullion knot and a spider's web stitch. When you have completed your stitches we will also show you how to turn your fabric into a little keepsake book.
~ Printed Panama Fabric Sheet
~ 6 Embroidery Flosses
Need help with your Knots?
Click below for our Youtube Tutorials ⇩ | Fiber Arts | 8 | 159 |
129 | Thimble Collectors International (TCI) is an organization that is dedicated to the study of thimbles and needlework tools. We research, write articles and share our findings with fellow collectors. Our Members Only section of the website is filled with useful information -- we encourage you to join TCI today.
Many collectors sew, stitch and quilt. Finding and collecting the “tools of the trade” lead many to strive to learn more about their craft.
- A thimble is just one of the tools of the trade and it serves a very useful purpose. A thimble protects the finger, and it also acts as an aid to push the needle through the fabric.
- A needlework tool encompasses many categories: needle cases, stilettos, thread winders and thread spools, knitting needles and needle guards, crochet hooks, sewing clamps and fitted etuis -- just to name a few.
Some collectors specialize in antiques tools and thimbles while others specialize in modern collectibles or both.
There are a number of reputable dealers who specialize in and sell thimbles and needlework tools. Many of these dealers are also TCI members. Navigate to the Home page of our website and find the Resource Links section. You will not only find dealers but thimble groups and clubs. Lastly, visit Internet sites, auction houses and antiques fairs and shows.
Join Thimble Collectors International!
When you join TCI, you will have access to the Members Only section of our website. This area is only available to members. We have many pages filled with photo and information files that encompass both thimbles and needlework tools. You will also learn about fakes and reproductions. You will have access to hallmarks, maker’s and master’s marks, and research.
The manufacture of thimbles and needlework tools can be traced back centuries. Many can be dated and the manufacturer identified by their maker’s or master’s marks.
Some thimble designs have been patented – you can search the Patent Office files within the hallmarks section of the site.
Thimbles with advertising on the band can be traced to a specific business.
The worth of an object is determined by many factors: rarity, age, condition, material, provenance, manufacturer and quality.
- Thimbles and needlework tools are manufactured from many different materials: Gold, silver, brass, ivory, bone, mother-of-pearl, Bakelite, bog oak, just to name a few. Some have precious stones as part of the design, while others have enameling or an intricate and ornate design -- on the handles of a pair of scissors for instance. Many TCI members are very knowledgeable about these collectibles. However we do not appraise.
To further your own knowledge about the worth of the object, track items on eBay, ask dealers at antiques shows, and even more beneficial, become educated in what you have. Remember that it is difficult to judge an item just from a photo. Within the Members Only section you will find our Price Guide information. We have specifically tracked many thimbles and needlework tools to keep abreast of current prices.
There are a number of ways to sell a collection, depending on what your goals are.
Do you wish to dispose of the collection quickly and with the least amount of work? If you answer yes to this question, then sell or consign the items to a dealer who will do this for you. On a rare occasion you may be able to sell the collection outright. It is more typical to work with the dealer if he/she will take the items on consignment.
You may contact TCI by completing the Contact form. We encourage you to include images as these are helpful. Remember we do not appraise items or collections.
Other options available to you: Set up an account on eBay and list the items yourself. RubyLane is another Internet site where you can sell your collection. View past listings to get an idea of what a item sold for. Take good photos. Do not hide or gloss over damage to an item -- This will only hurt you in the long run. Join a regional or international group in your area and dispose of your collection by selling it to collectors with a similar interest.
Donate your collection to TCI. We are a 501(c)7 organization. Your donated thimbles and needlework tools are given to new collectors who attend our 'Thimblin' 101' seminar.
As a member of TCI, you can attend a biennial convention and sell in the convention Sales Mall.
Go to your local library; check out books on the subject, there are many.
The Members section of our website offers so many research options, join TCI today!
There are a number of TCI member/dealers who specialize in thimbles and needlework tools. There are also thimble makers who will design and manufacture a custom thimble for you. All of these resources are available to you when you join TCI.
Contact TCI by completing the contact form. You may include an image -- this is always helpful. When you join TCI you can post your query on the Forum, attend a convention and enjoy the many educational programs. Join a collector club.
TCI does not provide appraisals.
Join TCI. When you join, you will have access to our Members Only section of our website and you will receive our publication, the TCI Bulletin.
The benefits are numerous …
You become involved with a group of people who share your interest in thimbles and needlework tools.
You will meet fellow collectors; those here in the US and from around the world.
You will learn from them and hopefully share your own knowledge.
TCI publishes a quarterly newsletter, the TCI Bulletin. This publication is of high quality with color images. It is filled with research, interesting tidbits about fellow collectors, as well as the latest convention planning news.
You will be able to attend the next convention in Coeur d'Alene, Idaho, in September 2022.
You can share your latest find with collectors who have a similar interest. Log in to the Members Only section of the website and post information and photos to the Forum.
Relationships that develop between thimble and needlework tool collectors last a lifetime.
Membership in TCI is open to anyone who has an interest in thimbles or needlework tools. Navigate to the Home page of our website and JOIN TCI. We offer different tiers of membership -- these include the electronic e-Bulletin or a printed copy of our TCI Bulletin.
Download the PDF brochure or our print version of the membership form. Complete it, include your check and mail to our Membership Chairperson. You may also join using the electronic version of our membership form, complete your purchase using PayPal. If you have questions, contact Membership.
Note: Members of an European Union (EU) country will also be required to complete the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) form before membership will be listed as Active.
Members of the European Union (EU), including the UK, are required to complete the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Compliance Form before membership will be listed as Active | Fiber Arts | 8 | 159 |
129 | Beginner's Guide to Punch Needle Projects by Juliette Michelet
Punch needle is as relaxing as it is gratifying! Easy to start, simple to learn, and fun to do, with just a few affordable tools, materials, and Beginner's Guide to Punch Needle Projects, anyone can enjoy the art of punch needle. This modern craft is halfway between weaving and embroidery-but easier than either! With its ready-to-use patterns, material lists, color suggestions, and gorgeous photography for each charming project, this is the perfect book for any creative crafter looking to try something new! 96 pages. | Fiber Arts | 8 | 159 |
129 | In this class you’ll learn the basic techniques in creating knitted lace. We’ll go through how to read a chart and understand a lace pattern.
Prerequisite: Knitting 101 and Knitting 102. Must be confident in knit and purl stitches. Understanding increases and decreases is better, but not necessary.
Cost: $75 course fee, includes 2.5 hours of instruction
- November AM: class meets Wednesday, November 9th from 10:00am-12:30pm
- November PM: class meets Wednesday, November 9th from 7:00-9:30pm
- November WKD: class meets Saturday, November 19th from 2:00-4:30pm
If you’d like to be notified when future classes are added to our calendar, please complete this form. For questions, email us at [email protected] with KNITTING 202 LACE in the subject line. | Fiber Arts | 8 | 159 |
129 | This site is supported by our readers. We may earn a commission, at no cost to you, if you purchase through links.
Many people don’t know what the colors as well as number on the sewing machine needles mean. We have actually put together a simple and also fast overview that everybody can comprehend.
What do the colors and also numbers on sewing needles suggest? The numbers suggest exactly how robust the needle is. Greater numbers for heavy textile as well as reduced numbers for fine material. The colors show
That’s the quick answer. Currently allow’s dive a little deeper as well as learn the basics about needles
It’s crucial to understand the essentials regarding needles for the sewing machine before you begin your initial tasks. There are great deals of various needles, as well as they are produced different functions and sorts of materials.
Table Of Contents
- The numbers on the needles
- The colors of the needles
- The parts of the needles
- Kinds of needles
- What happens if I make use of the wrong size needle?
- Which brand names are best
- Relevant inquiries
The numbers on the needles
Reduced numbers: Fine needles for slim fabric High numbers: Strong needles for hefty material
The numbers are noted in 2 various rows, one for use in the U.S as well as one to be utilized in Europe.
It can be a little complex in the beginning, yet you will quickly learn the numbers by heart. Up until then we have actually made a little graph for you right here: [su_spacer]
|European dimensions||U.S dimensions||To be used for.|
|60||8||Extremely great textile: Lingerie, Fine Lace, Silk and so on.|
|70||10||Net, Chiffon, Lingerie, Silk, Cotton|
|75||11||Voile, Chiffon, Organza, Denim, Satin, Sweater, Silk, Dress Shirt, Lycra, Spandex etc.|
|80||12||Tricot, Silks, Canvas|
|90||14||Syn Velvets, Poplin, Linin, Light Wool, Jersey, Muslin etc.|
|100||16||Cord, Denim, Heavy Suiting, Corduroy etc.|
|110||18||Heavy Denim, Leather, Upholstery Fabric, Faux Fur and so on.|
|120||20||Super heavy fabrics: Cord, Denim, Heavy Suiting|
[su_spacer] We have tried to detail many of the material types, so you will certainly understand which needle to use.
If you are puzzled or don’t find your kind of material on the checklist, simply select a medium dimension global needle. That will be your option for many projects.
The colors of the needles
The colors are generally made use of to show the kind of needle. However you should not rely on the shade alone, you constantly need to consider the message composed on the bundle, to see to it you have the kind of needle you desire.
The makers are not using the shade codes consistently, but if you stick to the same brand name, you must locate the same kinds of needles packaged with the very same color on the packaging.
So what are the kinds of needles Let’s look.
The parts of the needles
The needles consists of several parts:
- The Shank (rounded and also level part) The shaft is the component you utilize to install the needle on the machine It has a round and also a flat part. On commercial machines, the needles are round completely.
- The Shaft This is the component from completion of the shank to the idea of the needle. So it includes the Groove, the eye, and also the idea.
- The Groove The groove is the remainder of the needle from the shaft and also to the sharp suggestion. To make sure that consists of the eye and also the idea.
- The eye The eye of the needle must work with the string. For thicker string, we have the topstitch needles which has a bigger opening for a thicker string.
- The Point The last part of the needle is the point. It can be sharp or rounded. The basic needles is sharp and the ballpoint needle has a rounded shape like a sphere.
Kinds of needles
Currently we covered the needles sizes and know what the numbers represent. Allow’s take a look at the various types of needles
There are 3 fundamental needles types: Universal needles, Ballpoint needles, and also stretches needles
# 1 Universal needles
These are the needles you will make use of a lot of the time. They are for woven as well as knit material as well as can be used in most situations. If you do not understand which needle to use you need to constantly select this set.
It’s the common needle that will obtain the majority of your daily projects done.
# 2 Ballpoint needles (same as “jersey needles)
These are needles with a rounded pointer. They are not sharp however round, so it won’t pierce the material. Instead, it will certainly push the threads in the material apart, and also slide in between the yarns. The ballpoint needle can likewise be a twin needle.
Review a lot more concerning when you utilize a ballpoint twin needle (stretch material) These needles are for stretchy material.
Check out a lot more here about stitches for elastic fabric
# 3 Stretch needles
You would assume these coincide as ballpoint needles, but they vary. These needles are likewise (as the name shows) for elastic textiles, yet they are specifically for two-way stretch fabrics such as Lycra and also spandex.
They are for thicker kinds of textile than the ballpoint types, and also they are a little extra sharp, yet still rounded on the pointer.
# 4 Denim needles
These needles are specifically made to sew denim, jeans, and also canvas fabric. They are heavy needles that are very sturdy. These sorts of fabric are difficult as well as need special needles similar to leather (listed below).
# 5 Twin and triple stitch needles
The twin needle resembles a common needle at the top. It has a conventional shaft, however after that branch off and also has two needles:
And also as you have actually probably guessed, the three-way stitch needle has 3 needles
These kinds of needles are often made use of for decorative work, as well as the twin ballpoint needles are specifically produced sewing hems on elastic material.
# 6 Leather needles (as well as vinyl)
These are very robust as well as thick needles, that will certainly have the ability to sew leather, vinyl, and various other thick kinds of textile. You need a heavy duty machine to do so like the Singer 4411
This sort of needle will certainly be a dimension 90/14 or 100/ 16.
# 7 Topstitch needles
A topstitch needle is unique due to the fact that the little opening is dual to the dimension of a normal needle. These are a good choice if you are using an extra thick thread or a low quality string, as it will certainly protect against the thread from breaking.
This is also fantastic if you have a problem seeing the opening. Maybe you are aesthetically damaged or elderly. Learn more here regarding sewing makers for the elderly
The topstitch kind is likewise thicker and will conveniently go through numerous layers of material.
# 8 Handicap/Self-threaded needles
These are made individuals who have a difficult time getting the string with the opening. These needles are simpler to string the needle.
The way this is done is by running the thread down the side of the needle, and it will delve into the hole. The hole is “opened up” on the one side. Due to the fact that they have a little hole on the side as you can see in this little video clip:
What happens if I make use of the wrong size needle?
Points can go actually wrong if you make use of the wrong needle size.
Let’s first check out what occurs if you make use of a needle that is also thin.
When the needle is also thin
(as well reduced a number) If you utilize a needle with also reduced a number (as well slim) the needle will easily break. It could also simply flex a little, which could be also worse
You will additionally get bird nesting on the back of the material (when the string makes a hideous knot). A great needle on jeans will definitely flex, damage, and miss stitches.
In the most awful situations, a curved needle can go in as well as damage on the within the machine It can get stuck inside the machine and do damages.
When the needle is as well thick
(too expensive a number) When sewing with a needle that is too thick you will most likely end up with creases on the textile. It can leave openings in the fabric and create drags and grabs on the material. It will not look good, despite the fact that the needles will certainly not break or be damaged.
Either means, the result will not be optimal, so you need to constantly make sure you are utilizing the appropriate needle dimension.
Make it a habit to constantly inspect the needle before you start sewing
Which brand names are best
That actually depends on your sewing design along with the machine you use. Everybody should explore different brand names to discover what they such as and what jobs best with their machine
Some will certainly vouch to a specific type of needle. We don’t advise one brand name over the other, since they function differently with each machine
Some needles will certainly not sit well on some machine while it will certainly be entirely different for an additional person on another machine
If you are having a trouble with your needles, just attempt an additional brand name or the following dimension (up or down), and see if the issue lingers. You will probably get the best arise from utilizing needles made by your sewing machine brand.
So if you have a Singer, try and begin with vocalists needles If you have a Janome, try the Janome needles initially and more.
You may discover that your kind of machine will demand a slightly various needle than the machine on which you learned to stitch.
What are the best needles for sewing makers? The greatest needles are the 120/20 needles You will certainly make use of these for jeans, natural leather, as well as other strong materials. The number describes the thickness of the needles You need to make certain you understand exactly which needles you are using for this type of fabric.
Air sewing machine needles universal? Universal needles are one of the most pre-owned needles on sewing machines. It’s a cumulative term for the most pre-owned needles There are likewise 7 other sorts of needles for various other unique purposes as well as specific sorts of textile. | Fiber Arts | 8 | 159 |
129 | Pattern making describes the process of creating a two-dimensional garment diagram or template, drafted on a flat surface from either measurements or transferred from a draped muslin.
The starting point of a pattern is a sloper, which is used as the template for creating design variations that are subsequently cut and sewn in fabric.
You will learn how to create a basic sleeve sloper before moving on to skirts, bodices, collars and trousers.
Each lesson is illustrated in meticulous detail by step-by-step photographs, charts, diagrams and catwalk photos.
Peso: 1 Kg
|Casa Editrice:||Laurence King| | Fiber Arts | 8 | 159 |
129 | How to Create Pair of Socks Using Knitting Loom Craft Project is a really creative way to whip up a nice pair of snugly sock to warm your feet.
The art of knitting has been used and passed on from generation to generation for hundreds of years. Well before modern machinery has made knitting by hand unnecessary, women would have to knit everything using two oversized knitting needles and a ball of yarn.
Today, thanks to a little know-how and technology knitting somethings have become much easier. One of those inventions is called the knifty knitter and this pattern for knitting a pair of top-up socks features this device.
The knitting pattern was shared with all of the readers a way to make it easier for an experienced knitter to be able to use the knifty knitter quickly and easily to make many pairs of homemade socks. It describes everything that is necessary to have on hand and it also explains in detail all of the steps necessary to use the device.
All of the information is presented in a way to make it really easy to read and understand.
* * * Benefits of reading the Knitting 101: How to knit a pair of socks using a knifty knitter
Discover how truly easy it is to knit using the knifty knitter and how you can make a pair of comfortable homemade socks quickly
The knitting pattern includes a complete list of all of the materials, supplies, and tools (knifty knitters) that are needed in order to get started
It also includes a complete stitch by stitch instructional guide that helps to cover everything from the first stitch all the way to the end
It also includes several full-color pictures that help to provide a good visual reference for the reader to help better explain the information
Click here to read about:
As an added bonus, You may want to take a peek at the article ” “:
Old Fashioned Knitted Socks Free Pattern Project https://thehomesteadsurvival.com/old-fashioned-knitted-socks-free-pattern-project/ | Fiber Arts | 8 | 159 |
129 | The Clover Wonder Knitter is a fun and handy loom knitting tool that’s great for all sorts of projects, from stuffed animals to beaded jewelry! See how it works, and enter to win your own Wonder Knitter on Moogly!
Disclaimer: This post includes affiliate links; giveaway sponsored by Clover USA.
What’s is a Wonder Knitter?
The Clover Wonder Knitter is an updated version of an ancient tool! Sometimes called spool knitting, corking, tomboy knitting, or French knitting, the tools were called knitting spools, knitting nancys, or French knitters. The oldest members of the loom family, these have a history dating back over 400 years – some think back to Roman times!
Essentially, a knitting spool is a hand-sized tube with pegs at the top. So you use the pegs as a knitting loom, working them off with a small hook or your fingers. As you work round after round, you have an icord tube forming, that goes right down the handle of the spool.
How to Use the Clover Wonder Knitter
So Clover took this simple idea and made it better!
There are two disks – one with 3 pegs to make 1/2 inch icords, and one with 6 pegs to make 1 inch tubes. These disks rotate on the handle with a flick of the thumb, for easier knitting. This lines the yarn up for knitting – no hand winding after the first round.
The yarn goes into the yarn holder on the side to load it onto the pegs in just the right place, and it doubles as a handy holder so it doesn’t get lost when it’s not in use. Finally, an ergonomic, sparkly handle is extra fun!
I could try to explain it in words, but this video is better! There are lots of tips and tricks in here too – Clover has lots of great videos on their YouTube to help you learn to use their tools. And excellent written instructions are always included too!
And then it’s time to get creative! Simple bracelets and necklaces for kids in bright yarns, delicate wire jewelry – with beads or without, stuffed animals, elevated gift wrapping, drawstrings, the beginning of an art piece… your imagination is the limit! You could even use it to turn thin yarn into jumbo tube yarn to crochet or knit with!
Here are some free patterns I found on Yarnspirations that show some more fun ideas for your Wonder Knitter icord! The Peppermint Coaster and Flower patterns are no longer available, but I think you can see how easy it would be with this tool. Patterns are available for the Mini Keychain Purses and Heart Bouquet!
Where to buy the Clover Wonder Knitter
After you enter to win this amazing prize below, be sure to enter all the other great giveaways happening on Moogly right now!
The Clover Wonder Knitter Giveaway
The Clover Wonder Knitter Giveaway is open to US and Canada addresses (void in Quebec) only. The giveaway ends March 1, 2021, at 12:15am Central US time. To enter, use the Rafflecopter form below. If you are on mobile and have difficulty entering, please use a desktop computer to enter. Only the email option is mandatory – all other tasks are optional, for bonus entries only.
The winner will receive one Clover Wonder Knitter courtesy of Clover USA, and will be notified by email.
GOOD LUCK ALL!
You can follow Moogly on Facebook, Twitter, Pinterest, and Instagram, and don’t forget to sign up for the free newsletter at the top of the page! Thank you to Clover USA for sponsoring this review and giveaway! | Fiber Arts | 8 | 159 |
129 | The Learn to Crochet Project - A Beginners Crochet Course
Let’s get you crocheting! This book has been written as though it is a course so it is best to start at the beginning and work your way through the text and the projects in order.
It contains 4 projects over 80 pages:
The book is written in UK standard crochet terminology and has a full discussion of the differences between the UK and US standards and makes references to the US terms throughout.
All images © The Crochet Project | Fiber Arts | 8 | 159 |
129 | Site map © Soft Byte Ltd 2012, 2021 Photos & screen shots are for illustrative purposes and may differ slightly from actual product.
Method 3: tracing a garment piece using a background image
In this third way of creating a garment piece in Original Pattern Drafting, a background image is displayed and traced to create a matching garment piece. The image may be faded and/or tinted so that it doesn’t obscure the outline of the garment piece that is being drawn.
This trouser pattern image is a screen shot from Fittingly Sew, but an image can be taken from any pattern drafting software. Alternatively, a photo of an existing garment or a scaled diagram from a published pattern can be used.
Original Pattern Drafting
included in HandKnit, Machine Pro & Complete | Fiber Arts | 8 | 159 |
129 | This UKHKA baby double knitting pattern leaflet UKHKA 179 will instruct you on how to create a v neck or shawl collar cardigan.
The pattern gives you measurements to create the garments for babies and children with a chest size of 16" - 26" (41cm - 66cm).
This UKHKA knitting pattern is suitable for use with most double knitting yarns, however tensions may vary and we recommend you knit a a tension square before knitting the whole garment.
See image provided for the number of 50g balls of yarn required for each garment and the colours that are illustrated in the leaflet.
Please note that this is a knitting pattern and NOT a set of finished knitted garments. All knitting instructions are written in English.
We have a wide range of double knitting yarn available to purchase on separate listings.
- Details: This is a UKHKA baby knitting pattern that instructs you how to create a v neck or shawl collar cardigan, using double knitting yarn.
- Brand: UKHKA
- Type: Knitting Patterns
- Colour: Blue
- Country / Region of Manufacture: United Kingdom | Fiber Arts | 8 | 159 |
129 | Time to compute some Binding Calculations?
Below is a handy calculator to help you figure out how much quilt binding you need to prepare and how much fabric it will take to make it.
The calculator works in inches or centimeters...just select which one you want, then plug in your numbers! Your answer will be given in whichever unit of measurement you indicate (inches or centimeters).
Some important tips on quilt binding:
- Straight Grain Binding is intended for quilts with straight edges.
- You can use Bias Grain Binding on any quilt, but you MUST use it if your quilt has scallops or any curved edges. Bias binding will have the stretchiness you will need to go around those curves. A good thing to know about Bias Binding is that it is considered to be more durable than straight grain binding.
- If you are binding scalloped edges, be sure to measure along the scalloped edges for your length and width instead of just straight through the quilt so that you will get a more accurate measurement.
A nifty notion:
If you are making scalloped edges, this little tool by Quilt in a Day is great at helping you figure out how to measure and cut your scallops so they turn out even on all sides.
(The image at right is an Amazon Affiliate link. If you click on it, I will get a small commission on any purchase you make.) | Fiber Arts | 8 | 159 |
129 | An ideal shady spot for kids to socialize, rest, and play with other!
The colorful design of this mushroom trellis is friendly and welcoming to young kids. Two toddler-sized benches let kids sit and face each other, encouraging them to socialize. A roof over the benches protects kids from the sun. It also features a playful mushroom-style print that promotes dramatic play. Two planter boxes attached to the outside of the trellis let kids put their green thumb to the test while learning the science behind growing plants during STEM lessons.
The durable, eco-friendly recycled plastic lumber construction is built to last and requires minimal maintenance. Compliant with ASTM, CPSC, ADA, CSA, and IPEMA specifications. Assembly required. 5’5”L x 4’8”W x 8’3”H; 550 lb. Ages 2 to 5. | Fiber Arts | 8 | 159 |
129 | Seminole patchwork is a clever and fun technique based on piecing strips which allows you to create intricate looking designs with ease. Originally created by the Native Americans of Southern Florida it is a technique that can be used to create numerous designs
Because of it’s simple tricks this patchwork workshop is suited to beginners and beyond. You’ll consider how to organise your strips to create the best effect and then start work on your seminole patchwork. Have fun creating your patchwork and work towards turning it into a cushion cover and you’ll still have some left over for other projects too. Why not use it to make our block keeper.
What you will need
You will need to bring:
- 13 different strips (2.5″ x width of fabric) either cut yourself or from a jelly roll
- For the back fo your cushion you will need; Top back piece – Width of cushion (say 16″) x 1/2 height of your cushion (say 8″)Back bottom piece – Width of cushion (say 16″) x 2/3 height of your cushion (say 11″)
- 18″ zip
Whilst we continue to live with Covid where at all possible please bring your own sewing machine and sewing kit. Resources are available on-site if necessary. Please view our Covid-19 page for the latest guidance.
Drinks and biscuits will be available but we recommend that you bring a packed lunch with you.
During all of our workshops photographs are taken for promotional purposes only. Please make us aware at the time of booking if you would prefer not to be included. | Fiber Arts | 8 | 159 |
129 | Modern needlepoint derives from the canvas tent artwork that was quite popular during the 16th century and the shadowed wool work in bright-colored yarn that was a craze during the 19th century. In EarlyAmerican civilization, young girls usually made cross stitch or needlepoint works that normally consisted of a blessing on their families in combination with the numbers and alphabet. This ritual of passing showed not only their ability in stitching, but their literacy as well.
Selecting the canvas is one among the most vital aspects of planning a needlepoint work. Another important thing involves picking out the stitch or stitches to be done in the fabric from among the five basic categories of needlepoint stitches. Even though the two aspects rely upon one another, we will deal with the needlepoint canvas. The size and type of the canvas utilized will have a bearing on the quantity of detail in the blueprint of your work. Apparently, the more elaborate the project, the better the gage of canvas.
Many kinds of needlepoint canvas are used. Double thread and Single thread canvas are with sufficient holes or spaces to let big threads to move through without frazzling. Usually canvas is classed by thread count per inch or mesh sizes. Sizes differ from 5 to 24 threads every inch; standard mesh sizings are 10,12,14,18, and 24. The three kinds of needlepoint canvas available in the market are interlock, penelope and mono.
Mono canvas is available in the broadest diversity of colors (particularly on 18 mesh) and is woven plainly, with one woof thread passing over and below one warp thread. This type of canvas has a good scope for open and manipulation canvas. It is normally used for hand-colored canvases. Penelope canvas is having two threads nearly aggrouped conjointly in both woof and warp. Since these threads can be separate apart, penelope measurements are usually stated in two numbers, like 10/20.
Interlock canvases are having stable mesh intersections although they come with single threads. This happens as the woof threads, break up at the intersection points and enwrapping the warp threads. Interlock canvas is usually employed for impressed canvases. Silk gauze which is a kind of interlock canvas, comes in small frames for tent stitch work. Silk gauze is widely available in 32, 40 and 48 count, while rarely 18 count is sold and 64, 128 and some other counts come handy for miniature needlework.
Designs available in the market for needlepoint work are made in different ways. Charted Canvas, Hand-Painted Canvas, Free-form and Printed Canvas are widely available. In Hand-Painted Canvas, the designer paints the design on the canvas, or painted according to their directions by another person. Some canvases are stitch-painted, wherein each and every thread intersection is fastidiously painted in order that the stitcher has no uncertainties on what color is required to be used with the intersection. They may also be hand-painted, in which case the canvas gets painted with hand and the stitcher will be required to employ his own judgment on the colors to be used in case a thread intersection is not painted intelligibly. Hand-painted needlepoint canvases let the stitcher use his creativity more with unique stitches and threads as he is not required to rely on a separate chart. In the United States this is the most common kind of needlepoint canvas. | Fiber Arts | 8 | 159 |
129 | Introduction: How to Create Hats for Babies
These technical instructions will provide a clear step-by-step process on how to make a small hat for babies. No experience is required to be able to work through these instructions. The only resource needed is access to a local crafts store or an online website to gather the required materials.
Yarn (no specific type)
Step 1: Tying Yarn Onto Anchor Peg
The first step is to tie the end of the yarn to the anchor peg on the loom, which is the peg that’s sticking out on the side. Just a simple knot will do.
Step 2: Starting the Hat
To get started, begin wrapping the yarn around each of the pegs, starting with the peg to the right of the anchor peg. To wrap the peg, go around the back first and then bring the yarn around the front. You’ll be wrapping the yarn clockwise around the peg, but counterclockwise around the loom. Make sure that you don’t pull the yarn too tightly while you’re wrapping it around the pegs, otherwise you’ll have a hard time later when you need to use the hook.
Step 3: Push Yarn Down and Wrap a Second Time
After you’ve wrapped all of the pegs with the yarn, push the yarn to the bottom of each peg, because we’re going to wrap them again. Do not push the second row of yarn down, the two rows will need to be evenly spaced when you begin the weaving process.
Step 4: Prepare to Begin Weaving
Once you’ve wrapped the pegs twice, you should have two evenly spaced rows of yarn looped around the loom. At this point you’ll be picking up your hook to get started on weaving the hat. Pay attention to the part of the loom where your yarn is extended down, because it will help you remember where you left off.
Step 5: Weaving
To begin weaving you will start with the peg that is to the right of the last one you wrapped. The hook will be used to bring the bottom strand over the top strand and peg. While doing this step the video is helpful to watch. Make sure when weaving it is woven tightly.
Step 6: Leaving Out Last Peg
Once you make it around the loom, you are going to continue by once again wrapping the yarn around the pegs, but this time you will leave the last peg unwrapped. After you’re done wrapping the pegs again, you’re going to pick up your hook and do the same thing as before, lifting the bottom strand of yarn over the top. It is important to note that every time you wrap the pegs you should push the yarn down as it makes the weaving process easier. We found that 4 ½ inches is a good length for a baby hat, but you may stop this process at whatever length you deem appropriate.
Step 7: Reaching Size of Hat
Once you have reached your desired size of your baby hat you may cut the yarn, but make sure to leave about 12-18 inches so there is room to close the hat up.
Step 8: Removing Hat From the Loom
Thread the end of the yarn you just cut through the needle to begin removing the hat from the loom. Starting at the peg that is to the right of the last one you wrapped, you’re going to pull the needle under the wrapped strand of yarn and up, removing that wrapped strand off of the peg as you do so. Continue to do this with the rest of the pegs until the hat is removed from the loom. Use the scissors to cut the yarn attached to the anchor peg so the hat is completely detached.
Step 9: Tightening/Securing Hat
Next, you’re going to take the longer strand of yarn that was just threaded through the hat and pull it to tighten. This will form the top of the hat. Then use the needle to “sew” back and forth through the top of the hat to seal the hole and keep it from coming apart. There’s no specific number of times you need to do this, it’s just until you feel like everything is secure.
Step 10: Finishing
Once you feel the hat is secure, you’re ready to cut the loose yarn. Make sure to tie a knot at the end of the loose yarn so that nothing comes undone. Don’t forget to tie off the yarn on the brim of the hat and cut off the excess yarn as well.
Step 11: You're Done!
You did it! You now have a lovely little baby hat that will keep a baby warm! | Fiber Arts | 8 | 159 |
129 | The Cording Foot Snaps onto the existing shank and presser foot holder on your machine. The guide on the top of the foot has three slots in which to place cords. To load the cords into the slots on the top of the foot, simply slide the cords in from the right. Load the left cord first, then the center cord and finally the right cord.Tip: Tie the ends of the cords together with a knot in order to keep the cords from slipping out of the back of the foot.
Any type of cord from yarn to thin braid can be used in the Cording Foot, as long as it is thin enough to easily pass through the slots on the top of the foot. The bottom of the Cording Foot has grooves which allow the cords and dense stitching to pass freely underneath.
Select a decorative stitch, with the stitch width set wide enough to cover the width of the cords.
Experiment with various types of stitches and decorative threads to create unique combinations.
The Cording Foot can also be used to gather fabrics. Because the gathering cord is thicker than normal gathering stitches, there is less chance for the thread to break while drawing the fabric to gather it. Place a single strand of the cord into the center groove.
Secure the cord by tying a knot in the end and bringing the knot behind the presser foot. Select a narrow zig-zag stitch that is just wide enough to sew over the cord, but not sew into the cord.
Stitch the cord to the fabric. When finished, pull the cord, which will draw up (or gather) the fabric. adjust the fullness of the fabric as desired, then knot the end of the cord to secure.
Combine rows and rows of cords to create an interesting texture to embellish fabric. To expose more of the cords themselves, try using monofilament thread in the needle.
This makes the stitching almost invisible. This textured fabric has been used to embellish a napkin ring. What will you use your textured fabric for?
make a fun plaid design by sewing rows of cords across the fabric horizontally, then sewing rows of cords down the fabric vertically. Vary the width between rows and combinations of cords to add interest to your plaid design.
Combine different decorative machine stitches with different combinations of cords for unique embellishments.
In this video sewing tutorial I will show you how to use a cording foot for sewing an elastic cord and making decorative trims.
What is the cording foot?
I use cording footH mostly – it’s from Janome, but there are other brands and types available. This one is a 3-way cording foot for attaching 1,2 or 3 cords. The foot has grooves on the front and on the back where the cords can be inserted. There is also a small metal bar to fix the cords so they don’t move and stay right under the needle.
This is a snap-on presser foot so attaching it to the sewing machine is really easy and it’s good for any low shank machine that takes snap on feet – including Brother, Babylock, Elna, Janome, Juki, etc.
What does a cording foot do?
I am going to use the foot for attaching an elastic cord for the waistline of the dress I am making for my friend.
I just place the cord into the center grove and bring it behind the foot.
Note: Some of the links on this page are affiliate links. This means I will receive a commission if you order a product through one of my links. I only recommend products I believe in and use myself.
What stitch to use? I will use a regular zigzag stitch. Just make sure the width of the zig zag stitch is big enough for the cord so the stitches are not catching the cord but just go over it.
I use this kind of elastic quite often, for waistline seams mostly, and without this foot it’s almost impossible to sew over the elastic cord without catching it in the seam. But with the foot you can insert the elastic cord fast and easy.
After you are done with stitching pull the cord to gather the fabric, adjust it as you want it and secure the cord by tying the ends with a knot.
This how it looks like in the end – this kind of waist seams is really comfortable and very simple to make.
This foot is good not only for elastic, it can also be used for decorative sewing. For example, I can easily transform a plain ribbon to the fancy one.
Just use some nice cords. The cords have to be thin enough to go to the grooves on the top of the foot. You can choose multiple colors that go well with each other, or use the same colors (I use two green and one yellow with some gold threads in them).
Select a special stitch – this one. Each cord has to be attached to the fabric. Experiment with different stitch widths and lengths.
Insert the cords one by one into the foot before you put it on the machine. Load the left cord first, then the center cord and finally the right cord.
Snap it on and start sewing. Make sure that the cords that lie in front of the foot are not twisting. Keep them aligned so they feed smoothly and don’t pull them. But the cords can’t be twisted if they are already in the foot – cording foot eliminates tangling.
You can mark the fabric so you see where you need to place the cords. Sew slowly to prevent mistakes because it’s not easy to correct them. You can see that the cords lie perfectly flat and parallel to each other.
You can easily embellish fabric and ribbons by combining different decorative stitches with different color cords. You can even use an invisible monofilament thread in the needle so the stitches over the cords will be invisible.
Cording foot H (that I have) doesn’t have a screw and this black bar can’t be adjusted but I see that the cording foot from Madam Sew kit has the screw on the left of the foot and you can loosen the screw when working with larger cord and tighten it when working with fine yarn.
There are other types of cording feet available – with 5 or even 7 holes for cords/ yarn, but I don’t use them because it seems to me it’s not easy to manage 5-7 cords at once.
If you prefer to watch the tutorial GO TO MY YOUTUBE CHANNEL TO SEE THE VIDEO
I also have sewing tutorials about other interesting presser feet I use almost daily. Check them out below.
Did you find this tutorial helpful? If so, save this pin (see below) on your sewing board so you can come to this tutorial later when you are ready to use the cording foot and follow me on Pinterest for more tips, tutorials, and inspiration!
Selecting the Right Cording Foot
In general, we recommend using the same size cording foot as the piping you’re hoping to sew. This works for most firm piping cords. However, if you’re going to be using a soft piping cord like our Polyester Braided Piping (#106716), then we recommend sizing up a foot. These softer cords can get crushed by the foot, which causes your sewing to wander. A larger foot will prevent this.
For the Fabricator® Sewing Machine, we offer cording feet in three sizes: 1/8, 1/4 and 3/16 inch. The Ultrafeed® and Leatherwork® Sewing Machines feature piping tunnels built into their standard presser feet. The Ultrafeed LS-1 model, as well as the Leatherwork machine, features a 1/4-inch piping tunnel, while the LSZ-1 model features only a 5/32-inch piping tunnel. To sew larger piping with the Ultrafeed LSZ-1, you can upgrade to the Cording Foot Set for Larger Welting (#104854), which works for piping up to 1/4 inch.
We also carry extra-large welting cords that are 1/2 inch to 1 inch in diameter. Since there aren’t cording feet large enough to feed these cords through the foot, we recommend using a roping zipper foot. This foot will let you sew close to the piping for a tight fit of the fabric around your cord.
Adding piping to a seam can make a beautiful statement. It can add an interesting splash of color to an otherwise dull seam. I’m going to show you how easy it is to add piping to any seam. First off lets look at some feet.
The foot on the left is a zipper foot. Most sewing machines come with a zipper foot. This can be used to put in piping, so no additional feet are needed. But if you’re willing to invest a few dollars, you can get a piping foot (shown on the right), and adding piping becomes simple.
A piping foot is shaped perfectly to follow the piping and sew it down at just the right place. Don’t worry, I’ll show you how to use both feet to put in your piping.
Here’s what piping looks like. It’s a small piece of cording wrapped in fabric and sewn in place. It’s not difficult to make your own, but for the most part, purchasing it is very nice.
When attaching piping to your fabric, place it raw sides together, so that the cording is facing inward. Pin with edges aligned. Store-bought piping leaves 3/8″ of fabric from the sewn line on the piping to the edge of the piping, so we can easily use a 3/8″ seam allowance for our projects. When pinning your piping to your fabric, leave an extra tail of about 2″ – 3″.
When you reach a corner, clip the piping from the raw edge up to the sewn line (but not through the stitching) and rotate it. If you’re using a 3/8″ seam allowance, you’d clip the piping 3/8″ from the corner. If your corners are rounded, simply clip darts in the piping to allow it to curve. Again, make sure you don’t clip through the stitching on the piping.
When you’ve pinned all the way around, leave a tail at the end.
Using a zipper foot to sew:
Attach your zipper foot and place the foot so that it’s next to the cording in the piping. Move the needle so that it matches up with the stitching. I moved mine over as far as I could to the left.
Using a piping foot to sew:
Attach your piping foot and place the “bump” of the piping in the hole of the foot. Move the needle so that it is lined up with the stitching on the piping.
Sew around your project, following the piping all the way around, working corners carefully. Make sure you leave 2″ – 3″ not sewn at each end.
When you get to the end, stop a few inches before. Pick one side of the piping and open up the stitching with a seam ripper.
Line up where the piping will meet when on top of each other and trim the excess cording so there’s no overlap of that.
Fold the fabric covering the cording (on the side you trimmed) over the cording.
Place the other bit of piping on top.
Fold over the fabric covering the cording over the other piece as well and pin in place. Sew the remaining bit of piping down to secure.
When adding another piece of fabric on top of the one with the piping attached, align the edges as normal, placing right sides together. If you’re using a piping foot, you have a nice advantage because you’ll automatically follow the piping since it’s in the ditch of the foot. A zipper foot can be used, but you’ll have to be a bit more careful.
So when you open your seam, here’s what it looks like with the piping!
Beautiful! So many possibilities!
Here’s a simple little project that uses piping.
Foot cord sewing
My lips pay maximum attention to every inch of her body. As I follow the route to her tummy, I don't stop kissing her. I gently run my tongue along her pubis, getting to the cherished place. Her fingertips are still constantly caressing her body. She closes her eyes and starts biting her lower lip excitedly.SINGER® Cording Presser Foot Tutorial
And he fell asleep that evening easily, as if some tension had subsided. But Marinka, it seems, could not sleep. The next day Dimon was proud of himself, walked as a winner, and in the evening Marinka, walking, as they say, with one left. Made him. Having put Svetka down, she went, waving a towel to the bathroom, and on the threshold turned around.
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There was no obvious contact between us - you know, when you feel phrases from the first glances, this is it. But the wall did not appear either. Finally we are in the room. | Fiber Arts | 8 | 159 |
129 | By Guest Blogger, Megan Hammer
As a celebration for the new set of tutorials we have available on the website, Megan Hammer (the wonderful artist you will learn from in these tutorials) is sharing some of her insights on how you can get started on needle-felting…
Yay! I’m so happy you want to learn this art form. You’re going to love it! The soft textures, the repetitive motion that‘s almost meditative, the way the fibers blend together under your fingertips, all immediately captivated me. But it hasn’t come without its set backs! I’m going to share my face-palm cringe-worthy moments with you in hopes you’ll find the joy in needle-felting without any added frustration.
My first experience needle-felting was at a workshop and I was so enamored by the pile of colorful fiber on the table in front of me, and so excited to get to work, that I picked up my needle and some wool and promptly stabbed myself. Yes, it hurts. And yes, you’ll probably stab yourself at some point, too. Or break a needle! No, you’ll definitely break a needle, maybe several! I have broken all five needles in my multi-needle tool at once. So here are my best tips to avoid the above and start your felting journey off on the right foot!
Take your time.
We are not going for maximum stabs per second, here. A multi-needle tool will speed up the process. Or after you feel comfortable holding your needle, you can hold two at once to punch in your wool. But be deliberate. Punching fast could cause you to stab yourself as you’re holding down the fiber. It could also cause you to punch too close to the edge of your foam or needle-felting mat, bend the needle, and break it. So be the tortoise and take your time.
Use a light touch.
Look closely at your barbed needle. Turn it slowly in the light. See those little grooves? Those are the barbs, and they are going to entangle the fibers of the wool with the fibers of your felt or fabric background to create your felted picture. They don’t go very far up the needle, so you don’t need to punch it in deeply. Hold it vertically, use a light, gentle touch and you’ll get the same results as if you used your full force. Without all the violence!
Only use what you need.
One thing I love about wool as an art medium is that I can tell exactly how much I need, and nothing goes to waste. By setting the wool down on your picture before punching it in, you can tell if it’s enough to get your desired effect. Maybe you need it a little thicker to cover the background color completely, or maybe you want a thin layer to blend colors. You can tear off more, or put some back easily. I save all my extra bits that are too tiny or mixed up to put back with the original color. When I need a perfect blend, or a tiny bit of a color, I can go to my “extras” pile and find it. My frugal self appreciates this craft immensely. Added bonus for its sustainability!
I hope these tips help you feel a little more confident and ready to dive into needle-felting! Shoot me an e-mail any time with questions. I sincerely hope you find as much joy and satisfaction as I do in creating art from the simple, natural material of wool, and enjoy discovering its versatility for yourself!
Her exclusive new tutorials at Earthschooling are now available HERE.
You can also connect with her at these locations: | Fiber Arts | 8 | 159 |
129 | Let’s knit a sweater! Using Brooklyn Tweed’s My First Raglan Sweater pattern, we’ll learn all the important steps in knitting a top-down sweater that fits. In the first class we’ll look at gauge, sizing and how to make basic pattern adjustments. From there, we’ll breakdown each technique step by step to learn German short rows, increases & decreases with ways to track them, tips for knitting sleeves and more. You’ll finish this series with a beautiful sweater.
- Solid knowledge of knit and purl stitches, knitting in the round plus casting on and binding off. Familiarity with increases is helpful.
- Class: Sundays, January 8, 15 & 29, February 12, March 5 & 19 from 10-11:30am
- Please note, class on January 15 is from 10-12pm
- First Raglan Sweater pattern by Jared Flood available on Ravelry or at Brooklyn Tweed
- Worsted weight in the amount stated for your size in the pattern.
- US#7, 16” & 32” circular needles or size needed to achieve gauge (we’ll go over this in our first class)
- US#5, 16” circular needle
- US#5 double pointed needles or US#5, 32” or 40” circular needles if you prefer to use magic loop method for the sleeves. If you knit size 1 & 2, you’ll need US#7 double pointed needles as well if that is your preferred method to knit sleeves.
- Locking stitch markers, three different colors if possible
- Crochet needle or stitch fixer
- Needle point protectors
- Waste yarn (yarn scrap in a contrasting color than your sweater yarn)
- Tapestry needle
- Measuring tape
Homework: Knit a gauge swatch in the round. More details located on Knit Work page once you register for class.
Students receive a 10% discount on yarn for this class purchased at The Tea Cozy .
All classes are taught live via Zoom and feature two cameras. Learn all about our classes here. | Fiber Arts | 8 | 159 |
117 | Background: Granulomatous mastitis, a rare condition of unknown etiology, affects women of childbearing age and clinically simulates breast carcinoma.
Case: Granulomatous mastitis of the breast in a 32-year-old female was studied by fine needle aspiration cytology. Aspirated material was quite cellular and consisted of epithelioid histiocytes, lymphocytes, plasma cells, neutrophils and multinucleated Langhans-type giant cells. However, no cheesy, necrotic material in the background was noted.
Conclusion: Granulomatous mastitis, although infrequently reported, appears to have rather characteristic cellular features that may allow its recognition. | Medical Studies | 9 | 160 |
117 | 5 WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS
Neutropenia was the most frequently reported adverse reaction in Study 1 (PALOMA-2) with an incidence of 80% and Study 2 (PALOMA-3) with an incidence of 83%. A Grade ≥3 decrease in neutrophil counts was reported in 66% of patients receiving IBRANCE plus letrozole in Study 1 and 66% of patients receiving IBRANCE plus fulvestrant in Study 2. In Study 1 and 2, the median time to first episode of any grade neutropenia was 15 days and the median duration of Grade ≥3 neutropenia was 7 days [see Adverse Reactions (6.1)].
Monitor complete blood counts prior to starting IBRANCE therapy and at the beginning of each cycle, as well as on Day 15 of the first 2 cycles, and as clinically indicated. Dose interruption, dose reduction, or delay in starting treatment cycles is recommended for patients who develop Grade 3 or 4 neutropenia [see Dosage and Administration (2.2)].
Febrile neutropenia has been reported in 1.8% of patients exposed to IBRANCE across Studies 1 and 2. One death due to neutropenic sepsis was observed in Study 2. Physicians should inform patients to promptly report any episodes of fever [see Patient Counseling Information (17)].
5.2 Interstitial Lung Disease (ILD)/Pneumonitis
Severe, life-threatening, or fatal interstitial lung disease (ILD) and/or pneumonitis can occur in patients treated with cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 (CDK4/6) inhibitors, including IBRANCE when taken in combination with endocrine therapy.
Across clinical trials (PALOMA-1, PALOMA-2, PALOMA-3), 1.0% of IBRANCE-treated patients had ILD/pneumonitis of any grade, 0.1% had Grade 3 or 4 and no fatal cases were reported. Additional cases of ILD/pneumonitis have been observed in the postmarketing setting, with fatalities reported [see Adverse Reactions (6.2)].
Monitor patients for pulmonary symptoms indicative of ILD/pneumonitis (e.g. hypoxia, cough, dyspnea). In patients who have new or worsening respiratory symptoms and are suspected to have developed pneumonitis, interrupt IBRANCE immediately and evaluate the patient. Permanently discontinue IBRANCE in patients with severe ILD or pneumonitis [see Dosage and Administration (2.2)].
5.3 Embryo-Fetal Toxicity
Based on findings from animal studies and its mechanism of action, IBRANCE can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman. In animal reproduction studies, administration of palbociclib to pregnant rats and rabbits during organogenesis resulted in embryo-fetal toxicity at maternal exposures that were ≥4 times the human clinical exposure based on area under the curve (AUC). Advise pregnant women of the potential risk to a fetus. Advise females of reproductive potential to use effective contraception during treatment with IBRANCE and for at least 3 weeks after the last dose [see Use in Specific Populations (8.1 and 8.3) and Clinical Pharmacology (12.1)]. | Medical Studies | 9 | 160 |
117 | 18 December 2021: Articles
Challenging differential diagnosis, Rare diseaseAfaf Haddad12BDEF*, Kareem Marwan3B
Am J Case Rep 2021; 22:e934752
BACKGROUND: Benign tumors of the lymph nodes are rare and are not usually considered in the differential diagnosis in cases of lymphadenopathy because reactive hyperplasia, lymphoma, and metastatic carcinoma are the most likely causes of enlarged nodes. Intranodal palisaded myofibroblastoma (IPM) is a very rare benign mesenchymal tumor of the lymph nodes most often affecting but not limited to the inguinal region, with up to 92 cases reported in the English literature. The cell of origin is the intranodal differentiated smooth muscle cell or myofibroblast. Although the pathophysiology of IPM remains unclear, theories about viral oncogenesis and mutational changes in the β-catenin gene with subsequent abnormal expression of β-catenin and cyclin D1 have been raised.
CASE REPORT: We report a case of IPM in a 48-year-old man who presented with a mass in the left groin, with inconclusive imaging. The typical histologic findings of smooth muscle actin, cyclin D1, and β-catenin positive intranodal spindle cell proliferation with characteristic palisades, amianthoid fibers, collagenous bodies, lack of atypia, and very low mitotic count, together with characteristic profile on ancillary testing, confirmed the diagnosis. In addition to staining with smooth muscle actin, cyclin D1 and β-catenin, immunohistochemical studies showed focal positivity with desmin, a finding previously reported in 2 of the published cases. Surgical excision is usually curative, with a 6% recurrence rate and no reported cases of locally aggressive disease or malignant transformation.
CONCLUSIONS: Although rare, IPM should be included in the differential diagnosis of isolated lymphadenopathy.
Keywords: beta Catenin, lymphadenopathy, Soft Tissue Neoplasms
Intranodal palisaded myofibroblastoma (IPM), also known as intranodal hemorrhagic spindle cell tumor with amianthoid fibers, is a benign tumor of the lymph node. Originally thought to be of neural origin, more recent studies highlight characteristic immunohistochemical and molecular features, confirming myoid or myofibroblastic differentiation with a likely mutational activation of the β-catenin gene .
It was described concurrently in 1989 by Weiss et al as “palisaded myofibroblastoma” and Suster et al as “intranodal hemorrhagic spindle cell tumor with amianthoid fibers” , followed by Lee et al who called it “solitary spindle cell tumor with myeloid differentiation” in the same year. Earlier reports of lesions with identical characteristic morphology have been considered intranodal leiomyoma or schwannoma, with the earliest description by Deligdish et al in 1968 referring to it as an identical tumor to malignant neurilemmoma .
A 48-year-old man presented with a 2-month history of a 2-cm firm and mobile lump in the left groin with no associated generalized lymphadenopathy or other symptoms. The results of full blood examination and chemistry panels were within normal limits. On ultrasound, the mass was thought to represent an unusual infection with abscess formation or a necrotic lymph node. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) confirmed a 2-cm mildly heterogeneous lesion with a hypointense rim demonstrating minimal enhancement following contrast administration, perilesional T2 hyperintensity, and probable intralesional calcification, likely a calcified lymph node or other entity warranting excision.
The specimen was a 2-cm tan nodule with attached fat and a hemorrhagic cut surface. Microscopic examination showed a spindle cell proliferation surrounded by a well-defined collagenous capsule and a thin rim of lymph node tissue perfo-rated by amianthoid fibers highlighted with elastic stain (Van Gieson), marked hemorrhage, and pigmented macrophages (Figure 1). The spindle cells were quite monotonous, with oval nuclei, granular cytoplasm, and round eosinophilic bodies, the latter also seen extracellularly (Figure 2). The tumor stained with cyclin-D1, β-catenin, smooth muscle actin, myosin, and vimentin and focally with desmin (Figure 3). It showed a Ki-67 proliferative fraction averaging 4%. Immunohistochemical stains for S100, keratin, EMA, CD31, and HHV8 were negative. The lesion was diagnosed as IPM. The main differential diagnosis was schwannoma, which was excluded based on the absence of amianthoid fibers, characteristic hypocellular and hypercellular “biphasic” pattern, and immunohistochemical profile, particularly positive S100.
IPM is a relatively rare intranodal mesenchymal tumor of smooth muscle fibers or myofibroblasts, typically presenting in the inguinal nodes and infrequently at other sites such as cervical , submandibular [7,8], supraclavicular , axillary , mediastinal , and retroperitoneal nodes . Although mostly seen in middle-age, IPM can affect a broad age group (19–71 years) , with a single case reported in an infant . IPM is more commonly reported in males than females (ratio 2: 1), with no ethnic predisposition and with reports in White, Black, and Asian populations .
IPM presents usually as a single unilateral painless mass, although large forms can cause discomfort and pain by local compression . When palpable, IPM is firm, mobile, and well delineated from adjacent tissue. It is usually asymptomatic and can be associated with trauma . Chief radiological investigations include static and functional ultrasound imaging; CT and MRI can also be used to better characterize the lesion or plan for surgical excision.
B-mode ultrasound used in the evaluation of superficial soft-tissue tumors confirms a homogenous or heterogenous echo-genic solid lesion. Color Doppler ultrasound defines a single vascular pole, supportive of a benign tumor. CT scan shows a well-demarcated tumor separate from adjacent structures . Most IPMs are subcutaneous and amenable to cytological assessment using fine needle aspiration technique , which presents diagnostic challenges for the inexperienced cytopathologist as cellular pigmented areas can be confused with other soft-tissue tumors, such as schwannomas or, more concerningly, sarcomas and melanomas.
Macroscopically, IPM is well circumscribed with a white cut surface and areas of hemorrhage. The characteristic histological features include a well-delineated encapsulated cellular tumor usually with a rim of residual lymph node, encompassing cellular areas of bland and monotonous spindle cells forming typical palisades of nuclei, amianthoid fibers, and extravasated red blood cells with evidence of old hemorrhage and hemosiderin pigment. On high-power magnification, intracellular perinuclear intracytoplasmic and extracellular fuchsinophilic or collagenous bodies are seen [1,14]. Mitotic figures are absent or sparse (up to 8 per 50 high-power field) , and abnormal forms have never been reported. No necrosis nor cellular atypia has been identified. The immunohistochemical profile of IPM is useful in confirming the diagnosis and to exclude other soft-tissue tumors with nuclear palisades, spindle cells, and pigment. Typically, the spindle cells stain with smooth muscle actin, vimentin, cyclin D1, and β-catenin, with a low Ki-67 proliferative index of less than 5%. Desmin is usually negative, although our case and 2 other previously reported cases were immunoreactive [16,17]. Epithelial, vascular, neural, and melanocytic markers including keratin, EMA, CD31, factor VIII, S100, synaptophysin, GFAP, and HHV8 are negative. Amianthoid fibers are highlighted on histochemical connective tissue stains, including trichrome, collagen, and elastic stains [5,14].
Molecular testing for mutations in the β-catenin gene glycogen synthase kinase-3 β phosphorylation mutational “hotspot” region in exon 3 using PCR amplification and Sanger sequencing identifies missense mutations due to single-nucleotide substitutions in 88% of cases analyzed, leading to abnormal expression of β-catenin and cyclin D1 [1,18].
Electron microscopy shows smooth muscle myofilaments and rough endoplasmic reticulum cisternae. The “amianthoid fibers” are in fact found to be collagen fibers with a smaller width (80–150 nm) than previously known amianthoid fibers (280–1000 nm) .
IPM must be distinguished from schwannoma, a spindle cell proliferation arranged in cellular areas (Antoni A) with palisades forming the so-called Verocay bodies, paucicellular areas (Antoni B), and, unlike IPM, stains with S100. Kaposi sarcoma can also mimic IPM with proliferating spindle cells and hemorrhage but is readily differentiated with the slit-like vascular network, PAS positive hyaline globules, absence of amianthoid fibers, and positive HHV8. Lymph node metastases from sarcomatoid carcinoma, melanoma, and sarcoma can be confused with IPM, especially in patients with a known past history of malignancy, and are readily excluded due to lack of amianthoid fibers and characteristic immunohistochemical profile with positive epithelial, melanocytic, and specific stromal markers, respectively.
IPM is a benign mesenchymal intranodal proliferation of spindle cells with amianthoid fibers and hemosiderin pigment. It is crucial to recognize the typical morphology to avoid diagnostic pitfalls. Although rare (less than 100 cases reported in the English literature), IPM should be considered in the differential diagnosis of localized lymphadenopathy, particularly of the inguinal region.
FiguresFigure 1.. Spindle cell proliferation with typical amianthoid fibers and hemosiderin pigment (Hematoxylin and Eosin staining, 100× magnification). Figure 2.. High-power view of amianthoid fibers and pigmented macrophages (hematoxylin and eosin staining, 200× magnification). Figure 3.. Diffuse intense positivity of tumor cells with smooth muscle actin (SMA, 40× magnification).
1.. Laskin WB, Lasota JP, Fetsch JF, Intranodal palisaded myofibroblastoma: Another mesenchymal neoplasm with CTNNB1 (β-catenin gene) mutations: Clinicopathologic, immunohistochemical, and molecular genetic study of 18 cases: Am J Surg Pathol, 2015; 39(2); 197-205
2.. Weiss SW, Gnepp DR, Bratthauer GL, Palisaded myofibroblastoma. A benign mesenchymal tumor of lymph node: Am J Surg Pathol, 1989; 13(5); 341-46
3.. Suster S, Rosai J, Intranodal hemorrhagic spindle-cell tumor with “amianthoid” fibers. Report of six cases of a distinctive mesenchymal neoplasm of the inguinal region that simulates Kaposi’s sarcoma: Am J Surg Pathol, 1989; 13(5); 347-57
4.. Lee JY, Abell E, Shevechik GJ, Solitary spindle cell tumor with myoid differentiation of the lymph node: Arch Pathol Lab Med, 1989; 113(5); 547-50
5.. Kandemir NO, Barut F, Ekinci T, Intranodal palisaded myofibroblastoma (intranodal hemorrhagic spindle cell tumor with amianthoid fibers): A case report and literature review: Diagn Pathol, 2010; 5(1); 12
6.. Michal M, Chlumská A, Povýsilová V, Intranodal “amianthoid” myofibroblastoma. Report of six cases immunohistochemical and electron microscopical study: Pathol Res Pract, 1992; 188(1–2); 199-204
7.. Fletcher CD, Stirling RW, Intranodal myofibroblastoma presenting in the submandibular region: Evidence of a broader clinical and histological spectrum: Histopathology, 1990; 16(3); 287-93
8.. Bouhajja L, Jouini R, Khayat O, Intranodal palisaded myofibroblastoma in a submandibular lymph node: Case Rep Otolaryngol, 2017; 2017; 7121485
9.. Crowley R, Hawkins RA, Rao U: Left supramandicular mass case 121 [Internet], 1997, University of Pittsburgh Available from:https://path.upmc.edu/cases/case121.html
10.. Bhullar JS, Herschman BR, Dubay L, Intranodal palisaded myofibroblastoma: A new entity of axillary tumors: Am Surg, 2013; 79(1); 19-21
11.. Yim IH, Will MB, Dhaliwal C, Intranodal palisaded myofibroblastoma masquerading as N2 non-small cell lung carcinoma: Ann Thorac Surg, 2016; 102(1); 47-48
12.. Sagar J, Vargiamidou A, Manikkapurath H, Intranodal palisaded myofibroblastoma originating from retroperitoneum: An unusual origin: BMC Clin Pathol, 2011; 11(1); 7
13.. Rahimi S, Onetti Muda A, Faraggiana T, Multicentric intranodal myofibroblastoma in an infant: Histopathology, 1995; 27(5); 477-78
14.. Nguyen T, Eltorky MA, Intranodal palisaded myofibroblastoma: Arch Pathol Lab Med, 2007; 131(2); 306-10
15.. Altinbas NK, Oz I, Ustuner E, Intranodal palisaded myofibroblastoma: Radiological and cytological overview: Pol J Radiol, 2016; 81; 342-46
16.. Hisaoka M, Hashiomoto H, Daimaru Y, Intranodal palisaded myofibroblastoma with so-called amianthoid fibers: A report of two cases with a review of the literature: Pathol Int, 1998; 48(4); 307-12
17.. Kim DC, Kang TH, Kim MA, Intranodal palisaded myofibroblastoma with Desmin expression: A brief case report: The Korean journal of pathology, 2009; 43(3); 263-65
18.. Agaimy A, Haller F, CTNNB1 (β-catenin)-altered neoplasia: A review focusing on soft tissue neoplasms and parenchymal lesions of uncertain histo-genesis: Adv Anat Pathol, 2016; 23(1); 1-12
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117 | Another chromosome translocation The clinical and radiographic presentation, staging methods, prognosis, and management of these Compared with the categories of clear cell carcinoma and granular Introduction. Microscopically, the epithelial component forms tumor nodules composed of elongated and frequently branching tubules, lined by clear or mildly eosinophilic cells containing voluminous Periphery of oncocytoma is a benign epithelial renal neoplasm representing less than 10% of renal tumors.1 oncocytomas are usually seen in the sixth to seventh decade of life, with men Slide Index Categories . Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (CCRCC) is a renal cortical tumor typically characterized by malignant epithelial cells with clear cytoplasm and a compact-alveolar (nested) Morphological features of eosinophilic solid and cystic renal cell carcinoma. Pathological diagnosis of oncocytic renal tumor is usually difficult task, and their differential diagnosis involves chromophobe renal cell carcinoma (ChRCC), renal oncocytoma (RO), clear The following tumors are in the differential diagnosis of oncocytic renal cell neoplasm: oncocytoma, chromophobe renal cell carcinoma (RCC), hybrid tumor, tubulocystic carcinoma, papillary RCC, The main types of renal cell cancer:clear cell - around 80 out of 100 renal cell cancers (75%)papillary - around 15 in 100 renal cell cancers (15%)chromophobe renal cell cancer - around 5 in 100 renal cell cancers (5%) ( b) Neoplastic epithelioid cells with Magnification (40X). Understanding the morphologic differences and the role of ancillary studies is key when encountering such a Acute inflammatory cells Home; Slides Slide Index. Pale cytoplasm, with wisps of eosinophilic material; the cells are not completely clear, they have "cobwebs".
Monotonous eosinophilic spindled to epithelioid cells with oval nuclei. The grading schema of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is based on the microscopic morphology of a neoplasm with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. AB - Low-grade eosinophilic unclassified renal cell carcinoma is a rare kidney tumor recently described, The Pathologic findings must fall within the following range of criteria Grossly circumscribed but not encapsulated Usually dark (mahogany) brown Frequent central scar No gross necrosis Tight Mucinous tubular and spindle cell carcinoma Sarcomatoid clear cell RCC Renomedullary interstitial cell tumor (And any other Chromophobe cell containing flaky eosinophilic cytoplasm, some
emerging subtype of renal cell carcinoma (rcc) with abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm and solid / cystic growth, not yet recognized in the 2013 international society of urological pathology (isup) vancouver classification of renal neoplasia or the updated 2016 world health organization (who) renal tumor classification ( am j surg pathol slide 5 of 80. Benign neoplasm of the kidney composed of cells with mitochondria rich eosinophilic cytoplasm Diagnostic Criteria Strictly defined, oncocytoma is benign In the past, some cases of clear cell Among the earliest classifications of renal cell carcinoma (RCC), the Mainz Classification was based on morphologic similarities of the tumor to the normal renal Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has emerged as one of the most of Science databases using the terms renal cell carcinoma in combination with pathology or classification and prognosis or cal nephrectomies yearly. renal carcinoma with vacuolated, eosinophilic to clear cells and is defined by the loss of immunohistochemical expression of succinate dehydrogenase (sdh) ba marker of The most popular and Renal cell cancer (also termed renal cell carcinoma or RCC) is a disease that occurs when certain kidney cells become malignant or cancerous and grow out of control, forming a tumor in one or both kidneys; there may be more than one tumor formed. The renal cancer cells may metastasize (spread) to other areas of the body. having lymphoma. A total of 214 renal tumors were analyzed using 10 possible IHC markers to differentiate subtypes, including three major renal cell carcinoma (RCC) subtypes, clear-cell Furthemore, we discuss about unclassified renal cell carcinomas with oncocytic cells. Kidney tumor - adult malignancies > Adult renal cell carcinoma > Hybrid oncocytic/chromophobe tumor. Background Melanotic Xp11 translocation renal cancer (TRC) is a newly described exceedingly rare tumor, and its characterization remains controversial. Papillary Renal Cell Carcinoma Papillary RCC accounts for 1015% of re - nal cancers . What to Do If Your Treatment for Metastatic RCC Stops WorkingTreatment options. The treatments that are appropriate for you depend on the stage of your cancer, the types of treatment youve tried in the past, and your medical history, among Clinical trials. Complementary therapies. Talk to your doctor. Takeaway. Renal tumours include a heterogeneous and diverse spectrum of neoplasms. Eosinophilic solid and cystic renal cell carcinoma (ESCRCC) is a recently described renal neoplasm with distinct clinical, morphological, and immunophenotypic features. We further The sarcomatoid areas are composed of high-grade pleomorphic cells with abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm, large vesicular nuclei and prominent nucleoli.
The first reported translocation was the t (X;1) (p11.2;q21), which results in fusion of the papillary renal cell carcinoma ( PRCC) and TFE3 genes. Recent advances in this field have significantly improved our understanding of the morphological, Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) accounts for 80-85% of kidney cancers. Objective. Renal Cell Carcinomas - I High Quality Pathology Images of Genitourinary: Kidney of Renal Cell Carcinomas - I. Eosinophilic solid and cystic renal cell carcinoma (ESC RCC) has been recently described as a unique and indolent renal neoplasm, found in female patients with and without tuberous sclerosis To distinguish them, the electronic a pale halo surrounds the nucleus - key feature. Age group is 6th & 7th decades with male predominance. although some authors have found eosinophilic variant chromophobe renal cell carcinoma to harbor a similar pattern of chromosomal loss to usual chromophobe tumors The epidemiology, pathology, and pathogenesis of RCC will be reviewed here. Glial Neuropath. Recognition of the correct nature of the A distinct renal tumor has recently been described as high-grade oncocytic renal tumor and sporadic renal cell carcinoma with eosinophilic and vacuolated cytoplasm. Eosinophilic solid and cystic renal cell carcinoma (ESC RCC) is a novel renal neoplasm that has been recently described because of its distinct clinical, pathologic, Eosinophilic Solid and Cystic Renal Cell Carcinoma (ESC RCC) may also show focal papillary and clear cell morphology (Siadat and Trpkov 2020 ). The mechanisms by which alterations in FH lead to hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell cancer (HLRCC) are currently under investigation.Biallelic inactivation of FH has been The histologic classification of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has changed dramatically during the last few decades. Eosinophilic renal neoplasms include a spectrum of solid and papillary tumors ranging from indolent benign oncocytoma to highly aggressive malignancies. of eosinophilic cells, such as the clear-cell renal carcino-mas eosinophilic variant and especially the chromophobe eosinophilic carcinomas (Figure 3). Renal Pathology This is the classic clear cell histologic appearance of a renal cell carcinoma: the neoplastic cells have clear cytoplasm and are arranged in nests with intervening blood vessels. It is characterized by a pap- 2Departments of Pathology and Urology, Massachusetts General Female Accounts of 3% of visceral cancers in USA and 85% of renal cancers in adults. Recognition of the correct nature of the tumor, especially in biopsy specimens, is paramount for patient management. Eosinophilic, solid and cystic renal cell carcinoma - Libre Pathology Eosinophilic, solid and cystic renal cell carcinoma Eosinophilic, solid and cystic renal cell carcinoma, abbreviated ESC-RCC, is Eosinophilic solid and cystic renal cell carcinoma (ESC RCC) has been recently described as a unique and indolent renal neoplasm, found in female patients with and without tuberous sclerosis Recently, a report showed three Definition. Perinuclear clearing, i.e. We found that the eosinophilic phenotype displayed a higher proliferative drive and lower differentiation, and we confirmed a correlation to tumours of higher stage. This study aimed to Eosinophilic solid and cystic RCC is characterized by a solid and cystic architecture with tumor cells consisting of bulky eosinophilic and granular cytoplasm with intracytoplasmic For the first time in decades, we are seeing benefits to both survival and quality of life with these new treatments. People with kidney cancer have more effective treatment options than ever before. Not only are they living longer, they are living better. In cancer treatment, quality of life matters more and more. (a) Low power magnification showing solid and cystic areas. Renal cell carcinoma. - To review the diagnostic approach to eosinophilic renal The Genitourinary Pathology Society (GUPS) reviewed recent advances in renal neoplasia, particularly post-2016 World Health Organization (WHO) classification, to provide an Eosinophilic cytoplasm is a feature shared by many kidney tumors.
RENAL CELL CARCINOMA. It is the most common kidney variety and the third most commonly diagnosed urogenital
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- Gta V Photorealistic Reshade | Medical Studies | 9 | 160 |
117 | A 60-year-old male presented to the emergency unit with deterioration of general status for ten days, with non-productive cough. Physical exam revealed tachycardia, fever, low blood pressure, and desaturation. Blood test showed elevated CRP and leukocytosis, leading to the diagnostic of early septic shock.
Contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) of the thorax and abdomen depicted multiple excavated pulmonary nodules and masses consistent with abscesses (Figure 1), associated to hilar and mediastinal lymphadenopathies. Mass effect at the right base of the neck was suggestive of thrombophlebitis of the right internal jugular vein. The whole picture in septic context was strongly indicative for a Lemierre syndrome.
The diagnosis was confirmed by a CECT of the neck showing thrombophlebitis of the right internal jugular vein (Figure 2) and associated cervical necrotic lymphadenopathies.
The patient was initially managed in intensive care unit. Symptoms worsened with progression of pulmonary abscesses and the development of a left empyema (Figure 3).
Blood culture and lymph node surgery revealed the presence of E. Coli.
After pleural drainage and a well-conducted IV antibiotic therapy, the clinical evolution was favorable, with full regression of the pulmonary lesions and complete repermeabilization of jugular vein.
Lemierre syndrome, or post-anginal septicemia, is a rare complication of bacterial pharyngitis/tonsillitis (in 90%) leading to pulmonary abscesses via thrombophlebitis of the internal jugular vein. It generally occurs in teenagers and young adults (15–24 years old) and is rare over 40 years of age. This syndrome, common in the preantibiotic era, is seen more frequently nowadays due to antibiotic resistance. Its mortality rate remains high (4–12%) . Fusobacterium necrophorum is the most frequent bacteria involved in the syndrome (80%); other agents such as Escherichia species can be involved as well. Other septic emboli locations can occur too, affecting joints, brain, liver, and kidneys.
In Lemierre syndrome, lung abscesses are secondary abscess due to hematogenous spread.
Septic pulmonary emboli may arise from other origin than cervical in Lemierre syndrome, such as right-sided endocarditis, infection elsewhere in the body with an associated septal defect, infected lines, periodontal disease, or IV drug use.
Radiographics features of septic pulmonary emboli are feeding vessel sign, associated pulmonary infacts, lower zone predilection, and lung abscesses.
Usually, the radiological triad pharyngitis, cervical vein thrombosis, and cavitating pulmonary lesions are typical of this syndrome. Thus, the radiologist may be the first to recognize it and has a key role in this still high mortality pathology.
The authors have no competing interests to declare.
Kim BY, Yoon DY, Kim HC, et al. Thrombophlebitis of the internal jugular vein (Lemierre syndrome): Clinical and CT findings. Acta Radiologica. 2013; 54(6): 622–627. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0284185113481019 | Medical Studies | 9 | 160 |
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|Year : 2012 | Volume
| Issue : 4 | Page : 331-334
A patient of chronic myelogenous leukemia developing painful rash on feet
P Kumar1, NK Das2, A Sil3, P Chakrabarti4
1 Department of Dermatology, Katihar Medical College and Hospital, Katihar, Bihar, India
2 Department of Dermatology, Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata, India
3 Department of Pharmacology, Burdwan Medical College and Hospital, Burdwan, West Bengal, India
4 Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata, India
|Date of Web Publication||4-Jan-2013|
Department of Dermatology, Katihar Medical College and Hospital, Katihar, Bihar
Source of Support: None, Conflict of Interest: None
|How to cite this article:|
Kumar P, Das N K, Sil A, Chakrabarti P. A patient of chronic myelogenous leukemia developing painful rash on feet. J Postgrad Med 2012;58:331-4
Hand foot disease (HFD), also known as palmoplantar erythrodysaesthesia (PPE), is a distinctive cutaneous adverse drug reaction to certain chemotherapeutic agents. 5-Fluorouracil by infusion, capecitabine, cytarabine, docetaxel, and doxorubicin are the commonly implicated agents. Here, we are reporting a case of PPE in a patient receiving imatinib mesylate. PPE due to imatinib mesylate has been reported rarely; however, PPE due to other tyrosine kinase inhibitors are more common.
A 29-year-old man, while being evaluated for spleenomegaly, showed leukocytosis on peripheral blood (28.15 × 109/L) with normal hemoglobin (13.6 g/dL), and normal platelet count (397 × 109/L). A differential count revealed a shift to the left (Neutrophil 40%, Lymphocyte 10%, Monocyte 4%, Eosinophil 4%, Basophil 6, % Myelocyte, 18%, and Metamyelocyte 18%). His provisional diagnosis was chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), which was subsequently confirmed by the presence of Philadelphia (Ph) chromosome [Ph+ t (9;22) (q34;q11)] in 100% of the cells in metaphase. The patient belonged to economically under-privileged section of the society and could not afford costly drugs; hence he was initiated on cytoreduction with hydroxyurea (Hydrea®, Sarabhai Piramal Pharmaceuticals Limited, India 500 mg 3 caps once daily). Subsequently, he got access to imatinib mesylate (Glivec®, Novartis, India) 400 mg once daily free of cost through Glivec® International Patient Assistance Program (GIPAP). While on therapy, he developed painful erythema over palms and soles, which started with pain in feet while walking and pain in the hands while holding objects. Soon, he developed a few vesicles and presented to us. There was no history of application of/ contact with any irritant substance(s). On examination, palms and soles were edematous and erythematous. Few bullae also were noticed, some of which had ulcerated. Periungual area and sides of hands and feet also were involved with eczematous lesions [Figure 1]. Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD), id reaction, pompholyx, and PPE (HFD) were considered as differential diagnosis. Histopathology taken from pustule revealed full thickness necrosis of epidermis. There was an edema and mixed infiltration (mostly lymphocytes with few eosinophils and neutrophils) around blood vessels in upper dermis [Figure 2]. Based on the clinical presentation and histopathology findings, our case was diagnosed as Hand Foot disease due to imatinib mesylate.
|Figure 1: (a,b) Presence of scaly plaques and pustules over palm and sole. (c,d) Note involvement of periungual area|
Click here to view
|Figure 2: (a) Full thickness epidermal necrosis with mixed inflammatory infiltrate in upper dermis (H & E stain x40). (b,c) Full thickness epidermal necrosis- close up|
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Imatinib mesylate was discontinued for 2 weeks, and the patient showed some improvement. The patient was treated with a short course of corticosteroids (prednisolone 1 mg/ kg) for 2 weeks along with topical clobetasol propionate, and all the lesions healed without any sequelae. As the patient could not afford alternative medicine (Dasatinib, a second generation Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor), and the fact that dasatinib being a tyrosine kinase inhibitor may also be associated with PPE (HFD), the decision of starting imatinib mesylate at a lower dose was made after discussion with the patient and with the treating physician. Imatinib was started at 100 mg once daily and gradually built-up to 300 mg once daily with occasional exacerbations (2 episodes since then). [Figure 3] These exacerbations, though severe, were not life-threatening and hence were managed with short course of systemic prednisolone and topical clobetasol propionate.
|Figure 3: (a,b,c) Recurrence of lesions. (b) Note severe involvement of foot (c) as compared to hand|
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The causality association was established by Naranjo scale and WHO-UMC criteria. The Naranjo scale showed a score of >9, which places the case in the category of "definite ADR."According to the WHO-UMC criteria, the case qualifies in the "probable" causality category.The severity assessment of the case, as per Modified Hartwig Severity Scale, showed it to be of "moderate" (Level 3) severity.
On further follow-up, he achieved complete cytogenetic response (no Ph chromosome positive cells on karyotyping) at 12 months but failed to achieve a major molecular response (BCR ABL transcript greater than 0.1%) at 18 months. He could not be shifted to a second line tyrosine kinase inhibitor for financial reasons as already stated. Dose escalation of imatinib mesylate (to 600 mg/day) was not possible because of PPE (HFD). Because he had achieved a complete cytogenetic response with imatinib mesylate which correlated with overall survival in CML, our intent was to continue imatinib mesylate at least at a dose of 300 mg/day. Patient is still in complete hematological response and has not lost his cytogenetic response either.
PPE (HFD) is a distinctive cutaneous reaction and is clinically characterized by painful symmetric erythema of palm and sole. A prodrome of dysesthesia, usually tingling sensation or burning sensation, is usually noticed. Apart from classical presentation, various other clinical presentations are well-known. Some patients may present with fine desquamation with or without erythema. A bullous variant has been described, specifically associated with cytarabine and methotrexate. Rarely, patients may present with painful hyperkeratotic areas on pressure points, surrounded by rings of erythema and edema. Non-white patients have presented with progressive hyperpigmentation of palm, sole and rarely, entire body. PPE seems to be dose-dependent. The exact pathogenesis is not known; however, it is postulated that these drugs are excreted in the sweat from the eccrine sweat glands, which are numerous on palms and soles. The diagnosis is mainly clinical. Histopathology may be helpful in atypical cases. The common histopathological findings are interface dermatitis with a cell-poor infiltrate and a variable degree of epidermal necrosis. PPE is usually managed by wound care, cold compresses, emollients, elevation of extremities, and analgesics. Potent topical steroids have been used with variable success. Pyridoxine in a dose of 100-300 mg per day is very effective in treating and preventing PPE. More severe cases may require systemic corticosteroid and dose modification of agent (dose reduction or increase in dosing interval).
Our case had the lesions of bullous PPE, which is a very rare and severe PPE. Similar bullous lesions may be seen in other common disorders like pompholyx and irritant contact dermatitis. Hence, recognition of various presentations of PPE is very important as it can be a dose limiting adverse effect or may necessitate the discontinuation of implicated agent altogether in severe cases. In our case, the patient tolerated the bouts of exacerbation (which were managed with corticosteroids) and continued the medicine albeit at a lower dose.
| :: Acknowledgment|| |
Prof. (Dr.) Pijush Kanti Datta, HOD Dermatology, Medical College & Hospital, Kolkata. Authors would love to thank him for his valuable inputs in review of histopathology slides.
| :: References|| |
|1.||Nagore E, Insa A, Sanmartín A. Antineoplastic therapy-induced palmar plantar erythrodysesthesia (′Hand-Foot′) syndrome incidence, recognition and management. Am J Clin Dermatol 2000;1:225-34. |
|2.||Battistella M, Frémont G, Vignon-Pennamen MD, Gornet JM, Dubertret L, Viguier M. Imatinib-induced hand-foot syndrome in a patient with metastatic gastrointestinal stromal tumor. Arch Dermatol 2008;144:1400-2. |
|3.||Amitay-Laish I, Stemmer SM, Lacouture ME. Adverse cutaneous reactions secondary to tyrosine kinase inhibitors including imatinib mesylate, nilotinib and dasatinib. Dermatol Ther 2011;24:386-95. |
|4.||Naranjo CA, Busto U, Sellers EM, Sandor P, Ruiz I, Roberts EA, et al. A method of estimating the probability of adverse drug reactions. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1981;30:239-45. |
|5.||The use of the WHO-UMC system for standardized case causality assessment [monograph on the Internet]. Uppsala: The Uppsala Monitoring Centre; 2005. Available from: http://www.who-umc.org/graphics/4409.pdf |
|6.||Hartwig SC, Siegel J, Schneider PJ. Preventability and severity assessment in reporting adverse drug reactions. Am J Hosp Pharm 1992;49:2229-32. |
|7.||de Lavallade H, Apperley JF, Khorashad JS, Milojkovic D, Reid AG, Bua M, et al. Imatinib for newly diagnosed patients with chronic myeloid leukemia: Incidence of sustained responses in an intention-to-treat analysis. J Clin Oncol 2008;26:3358-63. |
|8.||Saif MW, Elkify AA. Identifying and treating fluoropyrimidine-associated Hand-and-Foot syndrome in white and non-white patients. J Support Oncol 2007;5:337-43. |
[Figure 1], [Figure 2], [Figure 3]
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|[Pubmed] | [DOI]| | Medical Studies | 9 | 160 |
117 | In this case presentation, an incision was made on the nonweightbearing surface of the hallux directly over the mass in question, just long enough to allow for the isolation of the entire mass. This permitted easier identification of the mass and enabled dissection of the abnormal tissue and excision of only the tumor with a minimum of tissue trauma. Healing was uneventful and expedient largely because of the reduced tissue handling. Prior to the advent of magnetic resonance imaging, this type of preoperative detailed surgical mapping would not have been possible. Continuing improvements in magnetic resonance imaging hold great and increasing promise. | Medical Studies | 9 | 160 |
117 | Objective: To describe the cytopathologic findings in a case of alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma (ARMS) of the perineum in a 13-year-old girl and to compare the cytopathologic findings with the histopathologic and immunohistochemical features observed on the corresponding fragments obtained from core biopsy of the mass. Study Design: The cytopathologic findings observed in fine needle aspiration biopsy of a vulvar mass were analyzed with reference to their predictive diagnostic value in pathologic evaluation of the lesion. Results: Following a prospective cytopathologic diagnosis of ARMS, a cutting needle core biopsy was performed. Histopathologic and immunohistochemical study of the tissue fragments confirmed the cytopathologic diagnosis. Conclusion: Careful cytopathologic evaluation of optimal cell samples from ARMS may elicit a correct diagnosis provided that immunocytochemical staining for markers of myogenic differentiation is performed in a pretherapeutic phase.
|Number of pages||5|
|Publication status||Published - 2007|
- Aspiration cytology, fine needle
- Neoplasms, soft tissue
- Sarcoma, pediatric
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Cell Biology | Medical Studies | 9 | 160 |
117 | Dogs may cause cystitis! Pooches increase their owners’ risk of UTIs
- Two infection sufferers carried the same bacteria found in their dogs’ faeces
- One patient recovered after 10 months but their owner still carried the bacteria
- This suggests the dog is a persistent bacteria carrier and infected its owner
- Researchers advise people be cautious around their dogs and avoid being licked
- Genital infections affect many women at some point and are common after sex
Dogs may cause urinary tract infections (UTIs), such as cystitis, new research suggests.
Two patients receiving hospital treatment for the condition carried the same infection-causing bacteria that was found in their dogs’ faeces, a study found.
Although one of the patients had recovered after almost a year, their dog still harboured the bacteria, which suggests it is a permanent carrier and transmitted the infection to its owner, according to the researchers.
It is unclear how dogs may infect their owners with UTIs. Nonetheless, study author Dr Peter Damborg, from the University of Copenhagen, urges pet owners to avoid being licked by their animals, particularly if they have weak immune systems.
UTIs affect many women at some point in their lives and are usually caused by bacteria entering their urinary tracts from their bowels, which can occur during sex.
Dogs may cause urinary tract infections (UTIs), such as cystitis, new research suggests (stock)
CAN GUINEA PIGS GIVE PEOPLE PNEUMONIA?
Guinea pigs are making people ill, a report suggested in September 2017.
In three years, at least as many people have been taken to hospital after developing life-threatening pneumonia from their furry friends, a study by Bernhoven Hospital, Netherlands, found.
The incidences involved two women and one man; all were in their early 30s.
Out of the three patients, two were submitted to intensive care. They both had guinea pigs as pets who had recently shown respiratory symptoms.
The man had two guinea pigs, while one of the female patients had 25.
The other woman worked in a vet clinic where she cared for guinea pigs suffering from pink eye and nasal inflammation.
Patient samples revealed the presence of bacteria associated with pneumonia.
In one of the individuals, this bacteria could be traced back to a specific guinea pig.
Most guinea pigs likely harbour the bacteria responsible for the inflammatory lung condition, which is detectable by the animals developing pink eye.
Dr Steven Gordon, chair of infectious disease at the Cleveland Clinic, who was not involved in the study, said: ‘We love our pets, but we’ve got to be smart about pets and hygiene.
‘We should be washing our hands after pet contact, and certain high-risk people – like those with compromised immune systems – should avoid contact with pets.’
Avoid being licked by your dog
Dr Damborg told the New Scientist: ‘I think that people in general should take precautions when in contact with their pets.
‘If someone has a compromised immune system, then this point is even more important as they are more at risk for infections.’
Such people may include those undergoing chemotherapy or organ transplants.
Dr Damborg adds that although none of the study’s participants appeared to catch infections from their cats, this could theoretically occur.
How the research was carried out
The researchers analysed 119 patients being treated at Hvidovre Hospital, Copenhagen, for a UTI, of which 19 lived with either cats or dogs.
The pet owners swabbed their animals’ faeces at the start of the study and again 10 months later.
The findings were published in the journal bioRxiv.
Parasite in cats’ faeces may cause Alzheimer’s and even cancer
This comes after research released last September suggested a parasite that is commonly found in cats’ faeces may cause Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s and even cancer.
Toxoplasma gondii, which is carried by around 30 per cent of cats at any one time and sheds in their stools, may alter more than 1,000 genes associated with cancer, a study found.
Once a human is infected, proteins from the parasite could also alter communication between brain cells, which may increase a person’s risk of developing Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s and epilepsy, the research adds.
Up until now, only pregnant women were advised to avoid cat faeces due to the parasite being known to cause miscarriages, still births and damage to foetus’ development, particularly their brain and eyes.
Infections often seem harmless, with few people experiencing symptoms and just a few showing signs of mild flu.
Study author Dr Dennis Steindler, from Tufts University in Massachusetts, said: ‘This study is a paradigm shifter.’
Source: Read Full Article | Medical Studies | 9 | 160 |
117 | A man, 75 years of age, presented with an enlarging lump in his left thigh after he fell from the roof six months ago. He saw a general practitioner (GP) several weeks after the initial injury. An ultrasound scan showed a large intramuscular collection of 20 cm x 8 cm x 14 cm. The diagnosis of a large intramuscular haematoma was made. The GP advised him to manage the swelling with a warm compress and simple analgesics.
Five months later, the patient presented again because the lump had been growing and was affecting his ability to walk. The lump caused minimal pain; however, he reported weight loss of 10 kg and feeling fatigued. A physical examination revealed a large, firm, immobile mass with significant oedema in the medial aspect of the left thigh.
Urgent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed. The MRI showed a large lobulated heterogeneous solid mass measuring approximately 15.4 cm x 9.7 cm x 25.6 cm (Figure 1) situated between the adductor magnus, the semitendinosus and semimembranosus.
Figure 1. Magnetic resonance imaging of patient’s limbs
What are the differential diagnoses?
The size, growth rate of the soft tissue mass and the patient’s systemic symptoms raise suspicion of a malignant tumour. The differential diagnoses include sarcoma, metastatic tumour or lymphoma.
The patient lived three hours away from the tertiary referral centre, so his case was discussed over the phone with a sarcoma surgeon. An urgent consultation was arranged and, subsequently, a biopsy was performed. The biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of a myxofibrosarcoma.
What is a myxofibrosarcoma?
What are the clinical features of a soft tissue sarcoma?
How can the diagnostic accuracy for sarcomas be improved?
Myxofibrosarcoma is a subtype of soft tissue sarcoma,1 a rare malignant tumour of connective tissues. Sarcomas account for <1% of adult malignancy and there are more than 100 histological subtypes.1 Myxofibrosarcoma is an aggressive subtype that usually occurs in elderly patients, predominantly in the extremities.1 It tends to recur locally and metastasise to the lungs and bones.2
Soft tissue sarcoma usually presents as a gradually enlarging, painless mass.3 In some cases, such as this one, patients present shortly after an injury. To date there is no evidence for a causal relationship between trauma and sarcoma. It is likely that the injury brings the patient’s attention to the tumour site, rather than causing the tumour.4 When the tumour grows to a certain size, it can compress the surrounding neurovascular structures, causing oedema and discomfort. There can also be associated systemic features, such as weight loss and fever.3
Sarcomas tend to favour the extremities. Figure 2 shows the anatomical distribution of soft tissue sarcomas in 4550 adults collected by the American College of Surgeons.5 Clinical features that have been identified as suggestive of a sarcoma are listed in Box 1.3,6,7
Figure 2. Anatomical distribution of soft tissue sarcomas in 4550 adults5
Box 1. Clinical features suggestive of sarcoma3,6,7
Size >5 cm in any diameter
Deep or inherent to fascia
Painful or tender
Rapidly increasing in size
Recurrence of a lump after previous excision
Diagnosis of soft tissue sarcoma is commonly delayed. Given that sarcomas are rare, and it is much more likely for GPs to encounter a benign lump than a sarcoma,deciding which lump to investigate further can be difficult.3
Patients with an initial diagnosis of an intramuscular haematoma should be re-assessed in four weeks to ensure improvement or resolution. If the lesion does not improve or resolve, the diagnosis of a sarcoma should be suspected.
The current recommendation for a suspected sarcoma is an urgent referral to a sarcoma unit.8 However, many remote communities in Australia do not have immediate access to a specialist centre. In such situations, the diagnosis of a sarcoma will rely heavily on the GP’s clinical skills and awareness of sarcoma. When a sarcoma diagnosis is suspected, a phone consultation with a sarcoma specialist may help to provide guidance on further investigation and management.
Further imaging at the specialist unit found metastases in the patient’s lungs. The patient underwent radiotherapy and subsequently had surgical excision of the soft tissue sarcoma on his left thigh. The surgical excision was of palliative intent because of the metastatic lung disease. At the time of writing, he had returned home and had recovered well from his surgery.
- Consider malignancy in the differential diagnosis of a soft tissue mass.
- Be familiar with the clinical features of sarcoma.
On Bon Chan MBBS, FRACGP, BAppSc (Physiotherapy), DCH, Certificate of Dermoscopy, General Practitioner, Sale Medical Centre, Sale, Vic. [email protected]
Competing interests: None.
Provenance and peer review: Not commissioned, externally peer reviewed.
I would like to thank Dr Wing Ka Vicki Chan and Dr Iain Nicholson for reviewing this article. | Medical Studies | 9 | 160 |
117 | - Cancer and the body
- Types of stomach cancer
|Cancer, a condition of abnormal cell growth, is the second most common cause of death in developed countries. Normal cell growth is a carefully regulated process. Cancer cells replicate in an uncontrolled manner, and can move from one part of the body to another.|
For more information, see Cancer: Overview.
GIST (gastrointestinal stromal tumour)
|Gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GISTs) are cancers that arise from cells within the gastrointestinal tract. The most common location for a GIST to develop is the stomach. GISTs can be benign or malignant.|
For more information, see GIST (Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumour).
Adenocarcinoma of the stomach
|Over 90% of the cancers that occur in the stomach are gastric adenocarcinomas. This name implies that the cancer is located in the stomach (gastric), affects cells that would normally make up glands (adeno-) and has malignant potential (-carcinoma).|
For more information, see Adenocarcinoma of the Stomach.
Lymphoma of the stomach
|Lymphoma is a cancer of the lymphatic cells/lymphoid tissue that forms part of the immune system. The cells/tissues affected may be located within lymph nodes or in lymphoid tissue located in other sites of the body. The stomach is the most commonly affected site for lymphomas affecting the gastrointestinal tract.|
For more information, see Lymphoma of the Stomach.
Genetic typing of cancers
|Individuals that inherit a genetic mutation from their parents are at a greater risk of certain types of cancers. Familial cancer syndromes are the group of cancers where patients inherit genes that do not function properly, increasing the risk of developing cancer.|
For more information, see Genetic Typing of Cancers.
Biological therapy (Biotherapy)
|Biological therapy, or biotherapy, immunotherapy or biological response modifiers, are gaining increasing prominence as anti-cancer agents. They may be used either alone or in combination with traditional anti-cancer treatments such as chemotherapy.|
For more information, see Biological therapy (Biotherapy). | Medical Studies | 9 | 160 |
117 | Introduction:Signet ring cell carcinoma is a rare form of highly malignant adenocarcinoma, with the prevalence rate of < 1%. The most common site of the primary tumor is the stomach, and the secondary sites are the breast, gall bladder, urinary bladder, and pancreas. Moreover, the common metastasis sites of signet ring cell carcinomas are the lung and the liver. Skin metastasis is extremely rare, with the prevalence rate of 0.3%. Signet ring cell carcinomas are usually diagnosed during the late stages of the disease; hence, the tumors spread more aggressively than non-signet ring cell types, thereby making treatment challenging.
Case presentation:We report a 30-year-old male with cutaneous metastasis of signet ring cell carcinoma in the form of multiple, asymptomatic, skin-colored, nodular lesions on his neck and chest.
Conclusions:Signet ring cell carcinoma is a rare type of adenocarcinoma, the primary site of which is the stomach. Moreover, the usual metastasis sites of the tumor are the lung and the liver. The timely diagnosis of such a malignant and aggressive tumor is possible by detecting the unusual presentations of cutaneous metastasis, which would result in offering timely interventions and saving patient’s lives.
Signet ring cell carcinoma is a rare form of highly malignant adenocarcinoma, with the prevalence rate of < 1%. The most common site of the primary tumor is the stomach, and the secondary sites are breast, gall bladder, urinary bladder, and pancreas. Gastric cancer is the fifth most frequently diagnosed cancer and the third leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Despite a decrease in the prevalence of gastric cancer in recent decades, the prevalence of signet ring cell carcinoma in the stomach is constantly increasing in Asia, the United States, and Europe (1). Signet ring cell carcinomas are called so regarding their resemblance to signet ring cells, resulting from the formation of large vacuoles full of mucin displacing the nucleus to the periphery and forming a crescent-shaped nucleus. Signet ring cell adenocarcinomas are classified as "undifferentiated" and "diffuse" by Nakamura and Lauren, respectively (2). The common sites of metastasis are the liver and the lung. Skin metastasis is extremely rare, with the prevalence rate of 0.3%.
2. Case Presentation
A 30-year-old male was admitted to our hospital with chief complaints of anorexia and weight loss for six months, as well as chest pain for five days. He remarkably had the weight of 10kgs over the last six months. He was diagnosed with bilateral pleural effusion on chest x-ray, suggestive of bilateral blunting of costophrenic angles. He was treated for the same problem at a tertiary hospital.
On further examinations, the patient was cachexic, and pallor was noticed. Dermatological examination showed multiple asymptomatic skin-colored nodules with sizes ranging from 0.5 - 4 centimetres (3), some of which had coalesced together and distributed over the neck and the upper part of the chest (Figure 1). Few other lesions were discretely spread on the forehead, cheek, shoulders, and upper back (Figure 2) (4). On routine lab investigations, the results were as follows: Haemoglobin: 9.8g/dL; Total leucocyte count: 11,300 per cubic millimetre; Differential leucocyte count: Neutrophils 83%, lymphocytes17%, and 0% of eosinophil, basophil, and monocyte; and platelet count: 3.8 lakhs per microliter of blood.
The results of the renal function tests showed creatinine value of 0.7 mg% and urea levels of 28mg%; indicating normal levels.
Liver function test results were as follows: Total bilirubin: 0.9 mg%, direct bilirubin: 0.3%, indirect bilirubin: 0.6%, SGOT levels: 22.45, SGPT levels: 29.78, and Alkaline phosphatase: 198 (all of which were in a normal range), total protein: 5.9 gm%, albumin levels: 3.6gm/dl, globulin levels: 2.3 gm/dL.
Pleural fluid analysis: Yellowish in appearance, non-turbid, red blood cell count: 130 cells/mm3, white blood cell count: 400 cells/mm3, Neutrophils 30%, lymphocytes 70%. Pleural fluid protein: 6.5 gm%, and pleural fluid sugar: 80 mg/dL. All experiments were suggestive of exudative pleural effusion according to Light's criteria (5) under malignant conditions.
A punch biopsy was taken from one of the nodules located on the upper part of the chest after obtaining the patient’s consent. Biopsy revealed the infiltration of the dermis with islands of round to oval tumor cells surrounded by pools of intracellular mucin. The cells had hyperchromatic nuclei, some of which were eccentrically placed and compressed with abundant intracellular mucin, representing signet ring cells (6). The tumor islands surrounded collagenous stroma with focal infiltration by mononuclear cells, indicating metastatic signet ring cell carcinoma (Figures 3 and 4) (7). Immunohistochemistry was performed later, the results of which were positive for pan cytokeratin (8). Unfortunately, the patient expired a few days after being diagnosed with signet ring cell carcinoma.
Signet ring cell carcinoma is a rare type of adenocarcinoma, the primary site of which is the stomach. Moreover, the usual metastasis sites of the tumour are the lung and the liver. The timely diagnosis of such a malignant and aggressive tumor is likely by detecting the unusual presentation of cutaneous metastasis (9), so that timely interventions can be provided to save lives of the patients by adequate surgical resection in the form of gastrectomy involving resection of atleast two thirds of the stomach with a D2 lymph node dissection (10). Many adjuvant and neoadjuvant therapies in the form of chemotherapy and radiotherapy have been suggested, however the future of curative treatment of signet ring cell carcinoma of the stomach remains challenging (11).
Pernot S, Voron T, Perkins G, Lagorce-Pages C, Berger A, Taieb J. Signet-ring cell carcinoma of the stomach: Impact on prognosis and specific therapeutic challenge. World J Gastroenterol. 2015;21(40):11428-38. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i40.11428. [PubMed: 26523107]. [PubMed Central: PMC4616218].
Ma J, Shen H, Kapesa L, Zeng S. Lauren classification and individualized chemotherapy in gastric cancer. Oncol Lett. 2016;11(5):2959-64. doi: 10.3892/ol.2016.4337. [PubMed: 27123046]. [PubMed Central: PMC4840723].
Aneiros-Fernandez J, Husein-ElAhmed H, Arias-Santiago S, Escobar Gómez-Villalva F, Nicolae A, O’Valle Ravassa F, et al. Cutaneous metastasis as first clinical manifestation of signet ring cell gastric carcinoma. Dermatology Online Journal. 2010;16(3). doi: 10.5070/d38h84j3d2.
Brownstein MH, Helwig EB. Patterns of cutaneous metastasis. Arch Dermatol. 1972;105(6):862-8. [PubMed: 5030236].
Gunduz O, Emeksiz MC, Atasoy P, Kidir M, Yalcin S, Demirkan S. Signet-ring cells in the skin: A case of late-onset cutaneous metastasis of gastric carcinoma and a brief review of histological approach. Dermatol Reports. 2016;8(1):6819. doi: 10.4081/dr.2016.6819. [PubMed: 28326183]. [PubMed Central: PMC5225968].
Otsuji E, Yamaguchi T, Sawai K, Takahashi T. Characterization of signet ring cell carcinoma of the stomach. J Surg Oncol. 1998;67(4):216-20. doi: 10.1002/(sici)1096-9098(199804)67:4<216::aid-jso2>3.0.co;2-b. [PubMed: 9579367].
Bertani E, Tamborini M, Veraldi S. Atypical cutaneous metastases from signet-ring cell gastric carcinoma. 3. 2nd ed. Skin Cancer; 1988.
Li Y, Zhu Z, Ma F, Xue L, Tian Y. Gastric signet ring cell carcinoma: Current management and future challenges. Cancer Manag Res. 2020;12:7973-81. doi: 10.2147/CMAR.S268032. [PubMed: 32943931]. [PubMed Central: PMC7478370].
Pernot S, Dubreuil O, Aparicio T, Le Malicot K, Tougeron D, Lepere C, et al. Efficacy of a docetaxel-5FU-oxaliplatin regimen (TEFOX) in first-line treatment of advanced gastric signet ring cell carcinoma: an AGEO multicentre study. Br J Cancer. 2018;119(4):424-8. doi: 10.1038/s41416-018-0133-7. [PubMed: 29872148]. [PubMed Central: PMC6133962]. | Medical Studies | 9 | 160 |
117 | No one wants to see their loved one have surgery, even a furry loved one. Sometimes surgery is necessary in order to keep your pet healthy. Greenfield Veterinary Clinic serving Greenfield WI is here to calm your fears and make sure your pet gets the very best surgical care possible. Our doctors take each procedure seriously, whether it is a simple spay/neuter or a more complex lifesaving procedure, you can rest assured that your pet is in good hands.
We are equipped to perform many different kinds of pet surgery at our facility serving Greenfield and Milwaukee. Our team will customize a surgical approach for your individual pet to address their specific issues. We understand that each pet is different and each pet surgery will be different too.
Common Surgical Procedures at Our Pet Clinic
A few of our more common surgical procedures include:
Gastropexy- This procedure is used when a dog’s stomach expands due to excessive liquids, gas or organs. During this procedure the stomach is attached to the abdominal wall to relieve the “bloat.”
Tumor removal- When a pet develops a tumor is can be quite troubling to its owners. Because not all tumors need to be removed our vets will examine the tumor to determine if it does or does not need to be removed.
Lacerations- If your pet experiences a deep cut or laceration; they will need immediate vet care. Our team is prepared to administer stitches or surgical repair to get your pet well.
At our pet clinic we perform both traditional surgery as well as laser surgery. Traditional surgery usually entails anesthesia and surgical instruments. These procedures can have a long recovery time as well. Laser surgery is usually much less invasive and recovery time is quicker.
Many pet owners are concerned with the post-surgical care which they will be responsible for following their pet’s procedure. Our team will walk you step by step through follow up care. We are always available to answer questions or concerns you may have post-surgery. Before your pet leaves our facility, we will make sure you have been properly trained on how to care for them after their procedure.
Our team is available for follow up visits if you and your pet should run into any problems.
We are Just a Call away
You can contact us by calling our friendly staff today (414) 282-5230. Come to Greenfield Veterinary Clinic it’s always a pleasure to serve Greenfield WI and Milwaukee. | Medical Studies | 9 | 160 |
117 | Most of us would be a bit troubled if we were told that a polyp had been discovered somewhere in our body. They do not follow the normal growth patterns of healthy tissues, so of course the presence of a polyp is not good news. However, the majority of polyps are not cancerous, although some may turn into cancer over time. Knowledge is power, as they say, so let’s learn what we can about polyps in order to best understand and deal with them if the situation arises.
What Are Polyps?
The term polyp refers to an abnormal overgrowth of tissue (neoplasm or “new growth”) protruding from the surface of a mucous membrane. They are generally classified as either pedunculated (attached by an elongated stalk) or sessile (flattened), and can take a variety of shapes, the most common being round, droplet, or irregular. Polyps may form anywhere in the body where mucosal tissues are present, but are most commonly found in the colon, stomach, rectum, uterus, and nose. Polyps are collections of tissue cells that keep growing beyond normal limits. A mass of cells that compose any overgrowth is called a “tumor,” and like all tumors, polyps can be benign (they stop growing), or malignant (also called cancerous because they do not stop growing and can spread to other parts of the body). Most types of polyps are of concern because a small percentage of them will start out benign, and may at some point become malignant if not removed.
Perhaps the best way to approach our study of polyps is to look in more detail at the most common types that are typically found in the body.
Colon polyps, one of the most common types, can grow at various places within the intestinal tract, and the vast majority of them are harmless. However, they should not be ignored because statistical studies have shown that approximately 1% of colon polyps will at some point turn malignant.
Colon polyps are relatively common, affecting about 30% of the population over 50 years of age. They can range in size from that of a pea up to that of a golf ball. They arise from the mucosal lining of the intestinal wall. Most of them, up to 95%, occur in the large intestine, with the remainder found in the small intestine. Those in the large intestine generally cause more problems and have a greater chance of being or becoming malignant.
Most colon polyps will not show significant symptoms, and are often discovered during routine screenings or exams. However, there are some possible signs that can occur. Some of the most common include:
- Rectal bleeding: Look for consistency here, over a period of weeks. Bright red blood on toilet paper after a bowel movement may indicate a colon polyp, but it is also associated with hemorrhoids or harmless tears in the anus. On the other hand, it can also be a sign of colon cancer, so if it persists, get it checked out.
- Blood in the stool: If blood is present, it can be an indicator of colon polyps. Bloody stools will often appear black or dark red. Be aware that certain medications and things that you eat can color your stool as well. Beets, for example, tend to cause your stool to appear as if there is blood present.
- Changes in bowel habits: Again, look for persistency. If you have unexplained diarrhea or constipation for over a week, it may be a sign of colon polyps.
- Bowel pain or obstruction: Larger colon polyps can obstruct part or all of your colon, which can be a painful and critical situation that needs immediate emergency care.
The three main types of colon polyps are:
- Adenomatous, which can grow quite large. Once they get larger than about ¼ inch in diameter, there is an increased risk that they may become malignant, and those over ½ inch are even at greater risk of being cancerous. Most malignant colon polyps are of this variety.
- Hyperplastic, most often found in the descending (left) colon, are rarely cancerous and typically remain small.
- Inflammatory, often the result of ulcerative colitis or Crohn’s disease. They are usually harmless, but be aware that having ulcerative colitis or Crohn’s disease does increase your risk of colon cancer.
Certain hereditary conditions can greatly increase your risk for colon polyps, and colon cancer as well:
- Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) is relatively rare. FAP patients develop hundreds or thousands of colon polyps in their teen and young adult years, and their risk of colon cancer later in life is extremely high. If FAP runs in your family, genetic testing is advised to determine if you have the disorder. A variant of FAP called Gardner’s syndrome also causes a greater incidence of colon polyps, as well as benign tumors in other parts of the body such as the skin, bones, and abdomen.
- Hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC): Unlike FAP, HNPCC patients develop fewer numbers of polyps, but they may quickly become malignant. Some HNPCC patients also tend to more easily develop tumors in other parts of the body, such as the ovaries, breast, and urinary tract.
This type of polyp is rare, with less than one per cent of the general population ever experiencing them. The three most common types are:
- Hyperplastic stomach polyps: Often associated with gastritis, inflammation of the stomach lining, more than 50% of all stomach polyps are of this type. Less than 3% become cancerous.
- Fundic gland stomach polyps: Mostly found in the upper part of the stomach (the “fundus”), they rarely cause problems. They are of concern if you have FAP, however, because in this case they can turn malignant.
- Adenomas: These arise from the glandular tissues of the stomach, and are also more common in folks who suffer from gastritis. About 10% of all stomach polyps are of this variety, but they present some of the greatest health concerns. Adenomas have a better chance of becoming malignant than other types, especially if they become large. They usually need to be surgically removed to avoid the risk of turning cancerous.
The rectum is the last section of the intestines, connecting the end of the large intestine with the anus, where waste exits the body. Rectal polyps are of similar concern as colon polyps because most colorectal cancers, up to 90%, form from initially benign polyps in the colon or rectum.
Like all polyps, the majority of rectal polyps are benign, especially in children and adults under 40. Typical signs that could indicate the presence of rectal polyps are bleeding from the anus, cramps and other abdominal discomfort. Large rectal polyps can cause total or partial blockage of the rectum, which is an emergency situation.
Also known as endometrial polyps, these form in the mucosal lining of the uterus (the “endometrium”). They are most commonly found in women between 40-50 years of age, both pre and post-menopausal. Typical symptoms include:
- Irregular menstrual periods, either at odd times or unusual amounts of bleeding.
- Bleeding between menstrual periods.
- Unusually heavy bleeding during menses.
- Post-menopausal vaginal bleeding.
Uterine polyps that advance into the cervix (opening of the uterus into the vagina) are called cervical polyps. Most uterine and cervical polyps are benign, but certain types of reproductive system cancers can appear as polyps, so it is important to determine if they are benign or not. Larger polyps can partially block the fallopian tubes, causing fertility difficulties in some women.
There are a lot of mucous membranes in the nasal passages, and sometimes polyps will form in this area. They are found most often in folks with chronic respiratory conditions such as hay fever (allergic rhinitis) or people who are exposed to abnormal amounts of pollutants such as dust or certain types of chemicals. Many people who have an allergic sensitivity to aspirin will also develop nasal polyps.
Nasal polyps are not malignant, but they can interfere with normal breathing and/or proper sense of smell, or contribute to chronic conditions such as sinusitis. Typical signs of nasal polyps include:
- Runny nose
- Chronic stuffy nose
- Decreased sense of smell
- Chronic sinus infections
How Can Polyps Be Treated or Prevented?
There are many types of polyps that need to be surgically removed, especially if they are pre-cancerous or the patient has a genetic disorder such as FAP that can greatly increase their chances of getting certain types of cancer. Generally, most polyps can be quite easily removed through minimally invasive procedures, as surgeries go. The greatest risk for intestinal polyps surgery is perforation of the colon, so be sure whomever you allow to do the procedure has a proven track record. This is also a risk you should be aware of when certain diagnostic tests used to check for polyps, such as a colonoscopy, are performed as well.
The majority of the most common and potentially dangerous polyps, such as intestinal polyps in the colon, stomach, and rectum, can be avoided by eliminating certain risks:
- Diet: What we eat and don’t eat is a huge factor for the incidence of intestinal polyps and related cancers as well. It is a proven fact that diets high in saturated fats (especially animal fats from meats and dairy foods), sugar, salt, and low in fiber increase your risk for intestinal polyps and cancers. A wholesome diet heavy on fruits and veggies, whole grains, and alternative forms of protein is the best defense against these types of conditions. Fruits and veggies also contain anti-oxidants that help prevent polyps and cancer. Load up on vegetables with deep-green, yellow, or orange colors, which are particularly high in antioxidants. Lycopene, found in tomatoes, peppers, and strawberries, among other red fruits and vegetables, is also an excellent preventative measure.
- Calcium: Speaking of diet, high amounts of calcium are excellent at preventing polyps and some forms of cancer as well. Dietary sources are best, including broccoli, kale, and salmon (especially the bones!).
- Watch your weight: Obesity increases risk for uterine, cervical, and intestinal polyps and cancers. A combination of eating well and getting plenty of regular exercise will help you to control your weight and reduce risks for many conditions, including polyps.
In a sense, most polyps are a warning sign given to us by our creator to let us know we are heading in the wrong direction health wise. With many types of polyps, it can take up to five years before they will turn from benign to malignant. In most cases, the same factors that cause polyps, like poor dietary and lifestyle choices, may eventually result in cancer. Consider polyps as a red flag signaling us to turn around and reform our foolish unhealthy patterns while there is still time. | Medical Studies | 9 | 160 |
117 | To determine whether addition of an optional clinical skills laboratory (OCSL) to the traditional surgery curriculum would affect total surgery time or incision closure time in veterinary students performing ovariohysterectomy of a dog during a third-year surgery course.
Retrospective and prospective study of veterinary student attendance at OCSL sessions and student performance during the third-year surgery course.
Students from the classes of 2012, 2013, and 2014 at the Washington State University College of Veterinary Medicine.
For all students, total surgery time and incision closure time were recorded when students performed an ovariohysterectomy of a dog during their third-year live-animal surgery course. Times were analyzed to identify differences among classes and determine whether times were associated with number of OCSL sessions attended, previous experience performing ovariohysterectomies, or enrollment in an elective clinical skills course.
Total surgery and incision closure times were not significantly different between students in the class of 2012 (no access to the OCSL prior to the third-year surgery course) and students in the class of 2013 (ie, access to 4 OCSL sessions during the spring semester prior to the third-year surgery course). However, times were significantly shorter for students in the class of 2014 (ie, students who had access to OCSL sessions during the 3 semesters prior to the third-year surgery course) than for students in the other 2 classes.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Results suggested that attendance in the OCSL sessions was associated with improvements in surgical performance, as reflected in faster total surgery and incision closure times while performing an ovariohysterectomy during the third-year surgery course. | Medical Studies | 9 | 160 |
117 | Dissection is a standard laboratory technique in biology and pathology. To dissect is to cut up a body so as to reveal its structure. The body could be that of a human, an animal, or a plant. Dissections are regularly done in autopsies to help determine the cause of death. They are done by zoologists to find out the internal structure of animal bodies. The comparative anatomy of animals, revealed by dissections, gives clues as to their evolutionary relationships. | Medical Studies | 9 | 160 |
117 | Clinical and pathological findings in 87 patients with juvenile polyposis have been reviewed; 1032 polyps were available from 80 of these patients; 840 were typical spherical juvenile polyps whereas 169 differed in being multilobulated or showing a villous configuration; 79 (46.7%) of the latter contained foci of epithelial dysplasia whereas only 76 (9.0%) of the typical juvenile polyps were dysplastic. The series also included 21 adenomas and two hyperplastic (metaplastic) polyps. The demonstration of dysplasia provides a histogenetic mechanism for the evolution of colorectal cancer from hamartomatous polyps; 18 juvenile polyposis patients have developed colorectal cancer at a mean age of 34 years (range 15-59). The clinical outcome was generally poor. No clinical or pathological distinction could be made between polyposis patients with and without colorectal cancer. Thus, the development of cancer in juvenile polyposis appears to be a random event. A working definition of juvenile polyposis is provided: (1) more than five juvenile polyps of the colorectum; and/or (2) juvenile polyps throughout the gastrointestinal tract; and/or (3) any number of juvenile polyps with a family history of juvenile polyposis. It is suggested that the condition should be treated as seriously as familial adenomatous polyposis except that regular colonoscopic surveillance may obviate the need for prophylactic colectomy. | Medical Studies | 9 | 160 |
117 | A flexible sigmoidoscopy is a procedure that is used to see the inside of the sigmoid colon and rectum – the last part of the large bowel. A thin flexible tube is passed into the back passage into the lower colon (sigmoid colon). It is similar to, but not the same as, a colonoscopy. A sigmoidoscopy only examines the sigmoid colon (the last third of the colon) whereas a colonoscopy examines the whole large bowel (colon).
A sigmoidoscopy can be used to identify early signs of cancer, and can help diagnose unexplained changes in bowel habits, abdominal pain, bleeding from the anus and weight loss. | Medical Studies | 9 | 160 |
117 | About Bladder Cancer
Bladder cancer is the fifth most common neoplasm in industrialised countries. Risk factors include tobacco smoking and occupational exposure to carcinogens. The prevalence is three to eight times higher than the incidence, making bladder cancer one of the most prevalent neoplasms, and hence, a major burden for all health care systems.
Non-muscle invasive tumors (Ta and T1)
The most frequent form of all newly diagnosed cancers is the stage Ta tumor. The prognosis of these tumors is good as more than 90% never progress to higher stages with conservative treatment.
However, more than 70% of the tumors recur in the bladder, which makes this tumor type responsible for the high prevalence rate. Consequently, after transurethral resection of the tumors, an attempt to prevent recurrences is frequently made by intravesical instillations of Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG). The surgical removal of the whole bladder (cystectomy) may be considered in selected cases of patients with very frequent recurrences, high grade lesions and failure of BCG treatment.
Invasion of the lamina propria (stage T1) is evident at diagnosis in about 20% of all cases. These tumors have a worse prognosis and most will be fatal if not treated aggressively.
Carcinoma in situ (CIS) is rarely diagnosed as the primary lesion; concomitant CIS is more common, and may be found in up to 40% of stage T1 cancers and in 50% of the muscle invasive stages. CIS is treated by BCG instillations. In case of failure, cystectomy is the treatment of choice. About 30% of stage T1 tumors of the CIS-type will progress to muscle invasion under a conservative regimen. Large tumors and tumors with multiple recurrences or widespread CIS have a very high risk of progression, so many of these cases are primarily offered radical treatment.
Muscle invasive tumors (T2 to T4)
Muscle invasive bladder cancer (stage T2-4) is a fatal disease if left untreated. Although endoscopic and partial bladder resections may cure the disease in selected cases, the standard treatment today is the complete removal of the bladder (radical cystectomy).
Unfortunately, a substantial fraction of muscle invasive bladder cancers have distant metastases already at this stage, and this is critical for the long term prognosis. Metastatic disease is treated by chemotherapy. Five year cause specific survival rates are stage dependent and rank from 40% (stage T2) to less than 10% (stage T4).
There is an urgent need for highly sensitive and specific molecular markers that:
identify bladder tumor recurrences in plasma or urine
predict subsequent disease progression in early stage bladder cancer
identify metastatic disease prior to cystectomy
predict if the patients respond to chemotherapy.
Aim of Research
We aim at performing translational research to identify and validate molecular markers that pave the way for optimal personalized treatment regimens. Furthermore, we want to obtain a better understanding of the molecular biology of the disease and the underlying affected molecular pathways.
Bladder Cancer Tissue Bank
Most of our research is based on our large bladder cancer tissue bank (MOB). It currently contains more than 70,000 samples of tumor tissue, blood and urine from more than 2600 patients with bladder cancer, prospectively collected since 1994 in close collaboration with the Department of Urology, Pathology and Oncology at Aarhus University Hospital. All information is organized in a database, including detailed pathology information, treatment regimens followed, and sample characteristics (size, growth pattern, multiplicity, concomitant carcinoma in situ).
We have constructed several tissue microarrays (TMAs) based on formalin fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) tumors for validating key molecular markers in large patient cohorts. A progression TMA (284 tumors) and a metastasis TMA (400 tumor) are currently available. The tissue bank has been approved by the Central Denmark Region Committee on Biomedical Research Ethics and the Danish Data Protection Agency.
Current research activities
- EU FP7 project: Prospective multicenter evaluation of gene expression signatures for disease outcome and establishment of risk scores for outcome predicting combining molecular markers and clinical risk factors. See www.uromol.eu.
- Deep sequencing of bladder tumors to discover novel molecular pathways involved in disease progression.
- Exosome characterization and function in bladder cancer.
- Identification of diagnostic and prognostic genomic tumor alterations to be used individualized patients follow-up and surveillance screening using plasma and urine samples.
- Identification and validation of molecular markers for predicting disease outcome and treatment response in advanced bladder cancer. | Medical Studies | 9 | 160 |
117 | Tumors that involve skeletal muscle are numerous and varied, including a variety of benign and malignant neoplasms as well as other mass lesions. Confronted with a patient presenting with a mass in the muscle, a clinician has multiple choices for the initial study. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) frequently provides all of the information necessary to manage patients and so is a reasonable "first-line" imaging test. Although the MRI features of the various muscle masses are variable, general rules regarding characteristic features can provide restricted differential diagnosis. This article reviews these tumors and their appearances on MRI.
- Magnetic resonance imaging
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Orthopedics and Sports Medicine
- Radiology Nuclear Medicine and imaging | Medical Studies | 9 | 160 |
117 | A tumor is an abnormal mass of body tissue that may be cancerous (malignant) or noncancerous (benign). Tumors occur when cells divide and grow, invading surrounding tissues and spreading to other organs if left unchecked.
Growths can be divided into different categories. A neoplasm is an abnormal growth of tissue that grows faster than normal cells, competing with them for nutrients. It is another word for tumor.
A benign tumor is one that is localized, does not spread to other parts of the body and can be successfully treated. A malignant tumor continues to grow and spread and does not respond well to treatment. It is classified as cancer.
What Causes Tumors?
Tumors are the result of problems with the body’s immune system. There are many causes, including:
- Excessive alcohol consumption.
- Environmental toxins.
- Genetic problems.
- Exposure to sunlight.
Symptoms vary depending on the type of tumor. Some cause no symptoms until they have reached an advanced stage, while others exhibit signs early on. Generally speaking, symptoms associated with tumors include chills, fever, fatigue, malaise, loss of appetite, weight loss and night sweats.
Testing & Diagnosis
Unless there is an obvious lump, most cancers can’t be seen during a physical exam. If a tumor is suspected, a biopsy (tissue sample) will be examined beneath a microscope. This will help determine whether the cancer is benign or malignant. Further testing – a CT scan, MRI or PET scan – will determine the location of the tumor and the extent to which it has spread.
Treatment varies depending upon the type and location of the tumor and whether it’s benign or malignant. If cancerous, treatment options include radiation, surgery, chemotherapy or a combination of the three.
For our other head and neck services, click here.
Call Sanjay Athavale, MD at (770) 217-6224 for more information or to schedule an appointment. | Medical Studies | 9 | 160 |
117 | Place a pack of ice on the injured part
Applying a cold compress on the injured area will help slow down blood flow, which helps reduce swelling and bruising. A “goose egg” lump will still show up after your toddler’s accident, but the icing will help lessen the pain.
Give pain medication
You can give your toddler some paracetamol to relieve pain. Ask your doctor about the time between each dosage. Avoid giving your toddler ibuprofen or aspirin as these medications could lead to bleeding. Never give aspirin to children, especially when they have a fever or possible viral infection as this can cause Reye’s syndrome.
Bring your toddler in the hospital if the head bump is more severe
After administering first aid at home, immediately bring your child to the emergency if you suspect that your child’s condition is much worse.
Once at the hospital, doctors and nurses will run some tests on your child to determine the gravity of the injury.
Make sure to stay with your child (if possible) at all times, to make them feel secure and safe, as well as to help them stay calm while the hospital personnel are doing some tests.
Monitor your child for one to two days after the injury
As soon as you get home from the hospital, start monitoring your child’s behavior, mood, and sleeping pattern. Observe your kid for 24 to 48 hours to see if there are toddler head bump warning signs, which might lead to serious head trauma.
Avoid stressful situations
Give your child enough time to rest and get better. Do not let your child do strenuous activities until the doctor has advised that your toddler has fully recovered.
Always be present
While your child is still recovering, make sure to stay with your toddler as they can be needier during this situation. Being present at all times when your child needs you helps them recover faster.
Here are some tips on how to child-proof your home to prevent your child from bumping their head:
- Put corner guards on sharp furniture corners or edges. You can use foams as a soft cushion so you can let your child rough play without worrying that they might hit their head again.
- Install safety gates up and down the stairs to prevent falls.
- Remove rugs or carpets where your toddler might slip when running or walking.
- Put some soft and cushioned play mats on your toddler’s play area, so that accidental falls won’t cause them to hurt their head.
- Have your toddler wear safety gear when riding a bicycle or a scooter.
- Never leave your child unattended, especially if they’re on the changing table or any high surfaces. If you need to leave your toddler for a while, place your child in the playpen, on the floor, or any area in your house that is not prone to accidents.
- Always make sure that the floors in your home are not slippery.
- Be mindful of your environment. Toddlers can be quite active and so affectionate that sometimes, they might suddenly appear behind you while you’re doing some housework. You need to be careful at all times to prevent yourself from hitting or bumping into your child accidentally. | Medical Studies | 9 | 160 |
117 | Preclinical Surgical Services (PSS) atWake Forest Baptist Medical Center has partnered with the Veterinary Bioscience Institute (VBI) of Harleysville, Pa., in the making of educational materials for veterinary and biomedical personnel and institutions.
Surgeons and other staff members from PSS and resources such as its surgical suites, imaging services and laparoscopic training facilities will be featured in instructional videos and other products that will be developed, produced, marketed and distributed by VBI, a leading provider of Internet-based technical and surgical-methodology resources.
In addition to videos, the PSS-VBI collaborations will include online courses, webinars and seminars aimed at clinical and research veterinarians, biomedical research faculty and technicians, and instructors and students in pre-veterinary, veterinary and veterinary technician programs.
“We’re very pleased to be working with VBI on these projects,” said H. Vince Mendenhall, D.V.M., Ph.D., the director of PSS and an internationally recognized expert in surgical research. “We consider their interest in working with us as a compliment on what we do and the way we do it. Also, these projects fit right in with the training and education aspects of our mission, along with precise surgical methodology.”
Preclinical Surgical Services is part of Wake Forest Baptist’s Office of Research.
One PSS-VBI project has been completed: a demonstration of the proper techniques to be employed in spaying a dog. The demonstration surgery was a success and the patient has since been adopted as a pet.
Chad Campbell: [email protected], 336-713-4587 | Medical Studies | 9 | 160 |
117 | A colonoscopy is a procedure where a thin, flexible tube called an endoscope is used to look inside the rectum and colon (large intestine). It is often possible to also inspect the very end of the small intestine (Terminal Ileum) The endoscope has a light and a high definition video camera at the tip to allow inspection of the inner lining of the lower GI tract.
Colonoscopy is the most powerful tool for the prevention and diagnosis of bowel cancer. Bowel cancer is the second most common cause of cancer death in Australia. It is used to help identify the cause of the passage of blood, abdominal pain, change in bowel habit and diarrhoea as well as assessment of inflammatory bowel disease (Crohns and Ulcerative Colitis). It is possible to remove tissue samples (biopsies) for analysis and remove pre-cancerous bowel polyps.
A colonoscopy generally takes between 20-40 minutes. It is usually performed under sedation administer by a specialist anaesthetist. You should be unaware of the procedure and experience no discomfort or pain. The aim is to examine the entire colon but rarely this is not possible.
Prior to the procedure, you will need to take a preparation to empty the bowel to allow visualisation of the lining of the bowel.
A colonoscopy is a very safe procedure, but like all medical procedures it does carry a risk of complications. Possible complications that can occur include:
- a reaction to the sedative, which can cause problems with your breathing, heart rate and blood pressure
- internal bleeding, usually controllable through the colonoscope at the time of the procedure but rarely after you have gone home
- tearing (perforation) of the lining of your colon | Medical Studies | 9 | 160 |
117 | I work in a hospital unit where over the years, I have assisted in several thousand colonoscopies with many different doctors. Our patients comw from all walks of life: old, young, trucker, prisoner, senator. What they all had in common was the fact that they came to us to have one of the easiest exams one can expect at some point to need. In fact, colonoscopy is front line test for colon cancer, polyps, or other bowel symptoms that may trouble a person.
I am going to discuss here some of the basic findings that your doctor will be looking for. Although for some, the screening colonoscopy is recommended as a matter of course at the age of fifty, there are many other reasons one may need to come in for this test. For our unit, bleeding is the most common reason, followed by abdominal pain, and changes in typical bowel habit. What one may not expect is that weight loss, anemia, or even lost objects are frequently cited pre exam diagnoses.
In its most basic form, a colonoscopy is done by a doctor trained in gastoenterology, which includes the everything from the mouth to the end of the colon, either in a hospital or office setting. Patients are given medication to sleep through the test or remain relaxed enought to finish the colonoscopy. During the test, the scope is passed into the large bowel, and is pushed through this area until the end is reached. At that point, the real work of looking comes in as it is slowly pulled out. A video monitor allows the doctor and staff to observe the inside portion of the colon in order to identify problems.
One of the most common finding is a colon polyp. A polyp is something like a skin tag on the wall of the colon in which a particular area grows a extra tissue into the lumen. Polyps can be tiny or large depending on how long they have been there. Sometimes polyps are flat; others my be connected to a long stalk. These may grow at any point in the colon.
Should a polyp or other lesion be found, tissue is taken and the are treated if neccesary. This may include burning, injecting, or using an small electrical current on the tissue to help it stop bleeding. The tissue removed is often very tiny, such as the size of the tip of a pen. From the colonoscopy room, the tissue is sent to a pathologist who will examine the specimen under a microscope. This serves as a screening method for colorectal cancer, and the results come back quite quickly.
A second commonly seen problem is diverticulosis. ‘Tics’, as they are called, are small pouches inside the bowel on the walls between muscles. They are a common feature due to american diets, and one of the reasons your doctor may recommend fiber in the diet. Just as evey person is different, so are tics. For instancce, one may seen a sinle lonely diverticula, while others with severe disease will have a colon resembling swiss cheese. When material floats by and becomes trapped inside the tic, it dries out and can become a source of irritation and infection. Hence, the term, “diverticulitis”.
The doctor may see areas of inflammation which look like reddened spots. Other segments may show ulcerations. Many of our doctors will take a picture of the area where the appendix is or was. This is in the beginning of the large bowel, known as the cecum, and the opening itself is called the appendicieal orifice. Biopsies from the spots may be taken to determine infection or another disease process.
While not often seen, colonoscopy can be used to remove objects. Our unit has taken out a shot glass, perfume bottle, and in one instance, a cucumber. Placing such objects is truly more dangerous than amusing to the staff because if our work is unsuccessful, major surgery is the nect step. It is a memorable moment for everyone involved. Tools used to attempot such removals are the same as for polyps: snares, baskets, or forceps that can bite and grab.
Colonoscopy has many uses and benefits for a person with health problems. Bleeding sections can uncover causes of anemia, precancerous polyps can be removed before they become colon cancer, and infected areas can explain bouts of diarrhea that need a plan of care to fix. Although a few are listed here, there are a number of other problems that colonoscopy can shed a light on. | Medical Studies | 9 | 160 |
117 | This study was undertaken to determine the impact of dural sinus venography and pressure measurements in the evaluation of patients with meningiomas involving the dural sinuses. Of three patients who had MR imaging, arteriography, and dural sinus venography, the latter method better delineated the site and extent of tumor invasion in all three patients. Pressure measurement in one patient reflected the severity of the hemodynamic compromise resulting from narrowing of the transverse sinus. In one patient, dural sinus venography confirmed patency of the superior sagittal sinus that was unsuspected on MR scans and arteriograms. A test occlusion of the area of stenosis in the third patient allowed the surgeon to sacrifice that segment of the sinus without deficit. Dural sinus venography is a useful adjunct to arteriography and MR imaging in the evaluation of invasive meningiomas.
|Original language||English (US)|
|Number of pages||5|
|Journal||American Journal of Neuroradiology|
|State||Published - Dec 1 1989|
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Radiology Nuclear Medicine and imaging
- Clinical Neurology | Medical Studies | 9 | 160 |
117 | World Sarcoma Month: Signs, symptoms & risk factors
As July marks World Sarcoma Month, it is important to spread awareness about the condition - what it is, the most common symptoms and risk factors.
What is sarcoma?
Sarcomas are rare malignant (cancerous) tumours which affect bone, cartilage or soft tissues (muscle, nerves and fat).
About 200 people are diagnosed each year in Ireland with some type of sarcoma.
The most common type of sarcoma is soft tissue sarcoma. Four out of five sarcomas are found in these tissues. More than half of soft tissue sarcomas are found in the leg. However, sarcomas can affect any part of your body.
What are the symptoms?
Soft tissue sarcomas: Symptoms
Symptoms can vary a lot depending on the type of sarcoma and the following are general guidelines only. Always get any unusual lumps or other changes checked by your GP.
A lump is more likely to be a soft tissue sarcoma if it is:
- Big, for example, more than 4-5cm across (the size of a golf ball) and especially if it is getting bigger
- Deep in the body tissues, underneath the skin
- Not painful when you touch it, but pain may be a symptom as the lump gets bigger
It is possible to have other symptoms, depending on where the sarcoma is in the body.
Bone sarcomas: Symptoms
- Pain around a bone
- A hard lump
- A lump that is growing in size
What increases my risk of sarcoma?
The causes of most sarcomas are unknown. Risk factors that can increase your chance of developing sarcoma include:
- Inherited conditions: If you had retinoblastoma (an eye cancer) as a child or neurofibromatosis type 1 (a condition that causes the growth of benign and malignant tumours) you may have an increased risk of developing sarcoma.
- Previous radiotherapy: If you have had previous radiotherapy, you might have a higher risk. Very rarely, a sarcoma might develop many years after treatment.
Feel free to share this article with others to raise awareness about the symptoms and what to look out for.
Information from the Irish Cancer Society | Medical Studies | 9 | 160 |
117 | Breast tissue changes throughout the month in adult women. Some changes are normal, but some may require a physician’s attention. It is important that you know the signs and symptoms of breast cancer. When it is discovered early, you have more treatment options and a better chance for long-term survival. In fact, when breast cancer is diagnosed and treated in its early stages, the five-year survival rate is 95 percent.
Most breast lumps are not cancerous. Yet the most common sign of breast cancer for both men and women is a lump or thickening in the breast. Often, the lump is painless. | Medical Studies | 9 | 160 |
117 | What is metastatic breast cancer?
When breast cancer spreads into other parts of your body, it's called metastatic breast cancer. Another name for metastatic breast cancer is advanced breast cancer.
Advanced breast cancer cells look a lot like breast cancer cells. That's how the doctor knows the cancer traveled from your breast and is advanced breast cancer, not a second primary cancer. Second primary cancers happen but are rare. Breast cancer can spread into any part of your body. Usually, if it advances, it goes into your bones, liver, lung or brain.
Cancer treatments try to kill all the cancer in your body. Sometimes treatments are successful but don't kill all of the cancer. Cancer cells can travel through your blood or lymphatic system. Your lymphatic system is part of your immune system, which helps your body fight diseases and infections. Breast cancer can travel to a new part of your body and recur months or years after you completed treatment the first time.
Risk factors for metastatic breast cancer
Anyone who has or has had breast cancer can get metastatic breast cancer. Whether breast cancer advances depends on what type of breast cancer it is, how fast or slow the cancer grows, how advanced the cancer was when the doctor first discovered it and other factors.
Symptoms of metastatic breast cancer
Signs that breast cancer has advanced depend on where it has spread to inside your body. Signs of cancer in your bones include:
- Broken bones
- Pain that's severe and gets worse
Signs of cancer in your brain include:
- Problems seeing
- Feeling nauseated or throwing up
- Headaches that are severe and get worse
Signs of cancer in your liver include:
- Skin rashes
- Yellow skin
- Low appetite
- Stomach pain
- Very itchy skin
Signs of cancer in your lungs include:
- Difficulty breathing
- Pain in your chest area
- A cough that doesn't go away
Diagnosis of metastatic breast cancer
Metastatic breast cancer can show up with or without symptoms. Doctors can do tests to find out if the breast cancer has spread in your body. These tests include:
- Bone scan
- Blood tests
- Genetic testing
- X-rays and CT, MRI and PET scans
Treatments for metastatic breast cancer
Cancer that has spread from one part of your body to another part or parts is more difficult to treat than cancer that is isolated. For that reason, metastatic breast cancer usually isn't curable. Still, treatment options are available. The treatment you and your doctor choose depends on many factors. The location of the cancer spread, symptoms, previous treatments for breast cancer and your current health.
Some cancers respond to certain hormones. This can also determine your treatment options. The goals of treatment for advanced cancer are to slow the cancer's growth, ease the symptoms of the cancer and help you live a longer life.
Recovery from metastatic breast cancer
Advanced cancer of any kind can be very challenging for you to live with — especially on the emotional side of things.
Doctors recommend that people who have this condition talk about how they're feeling with others who have metastatic breast cancer. You should also try to balance physical activity and rest, try to sleep well and learn-stress management techniques. Examples of these techniques include meditation, mindfulness, deep breathing and physical activity that's moderate, appropriate and enjoyable to you. | Medical Studies | 9 | 160 |
117 | What Is Brucellosis in Dogs and What Are the Symptoms?
See files for Dogs
Brucellosis in dogs is a bacterial disease that can affect our dogs. This pathology is serious as it is capable of causing other health issues, such as sterility or abortion in our dog.
In this AnimalWised article we are going to explain what brucellosis in dogs is, as well as its symptoms and treatment. Lastly, we'll include how to prevent brucellosis in dogs. Keep reading to learn more!
What is canine brucellosis?
Canine brucellosis is a disease caused by a bacterium called Brucella canis that damages the reproductive system and can cause the dog to suffer from a spontaneous abortion, sterility, an infection in their reproductive system or develop a sexually transmitted disease.
It is also possible for male or female dogs to suffer from this disease and remain asymptomatic. In fact, this pathology doesn't affect females that suffer from it, and it is, unfortunately, very contagious among dogs. It's also important to point out that different species of Brucella will infect different species of animals, such as goats, cows, sheep, pigs and other animals.
Below we will explain the symptoms of brucellosis in dogs so you know what to look out for and when it's time to call your veterinarian to properly diagnose and treat your dog.
Canine brucellosis symptoms
One of the most common symptoms of brucellosis in dogs is miscarriage. Pregnant dogs suffer from a spontaneous abortion, their unborn puppies are usually aborted about two weeks before the probable date of delivery, although they can also be born dead on date or be born alive but become ill and die. If this happens to your dog, brucellosis must be one of the pathologies your veterinarian must consider.
If the dog is suffering from an ongoing infection due to brucellosis, it's possible to detect enlarged lymph nodes, which are located in the groin or under the jaw. In males, their testicles can also become inflamed early in the disease, but as the disease progresses, they atrophy due to the destruction of sperm cells, resulting in reduction in size. Fever is not a common symptom.
Diagnosis can be determined via a blood test or an extraction from the abortifacient tissue. This test can also tell us if the dog has been infected at some point in their life. Your veterinarian will determine if your dog needs any other tests for a proper diagnosis.
Treatment of canine brucellosis
Once your dog has been properly diagnosed by the veterinarian, they will also determine the best treatment for them. This will probably include intramuscular and oral antibiotics for about three weeks. Unfortunately, this will not kill the bacteria in all infected dogs. For this reason, its eradication is considered difficult. This is why it is worth taking into account the prevention one can take to avoid having their dog suffer from this disease, we'll give you some recommendations on this in the section below.
It should be stated that sterilization of all affected animals is recommended because the disease can also be transmitted during mating, and as we've previously mentioned, it is highly contagious.
Prevention of canine brucellosis
Sterilize your dog
In acute infections, the bacteria will be in the blood, urine, secretions and abortifacient remains. In those that become chronic or remain inactive in the dog's body, bacteria can still be found and transmitted through semen or vaginal secretions, hence the importance of sterilization in dogs since the most common form of infection is precisely the it constitutes oral and nasal contact with these infected vaginal secretions.
Avoid large communities of dogs
A male with brucellosis can keep the bacteria in his body for his entire life. The urine of dogs with brucellosis is also a common source of contagion. This information must be taken into account especially in those dogs that live in large communities such as with breeders, where the infection can spread rapidly.
Be extra careful when getting a new dog
If you are buying a dog from a breeder, instead of adopting from an animal shelter, you will need to be extra careful. Make sure the parents were medically checked for any diseases. Dogs with brucellosis can carry this highly contagious infection for their entire life and, therefore, cannot be bred. It is also dangerous as breeders often have many dogs together at once and this can lead to infection. With that being said, if you are adopting from a shelter you should also make sure that the dog has been medically examined for any underlying diseases.
Keep up with regular check-ups
As some dogs are asymptomatic, it's best to keep up with regular check-ups at the veterinarian. This way your vet will be able to make sure your dog is healthy and not suffering from asymptomatic diseases. For example, when it comes to brucellosis, your veterinarian will be able to detect it with a simple blood test.
Can I get brucellosis from my dog?
If your dog has been diagnosed with brucellosis, yes, you are at risk of getting infected as brucellosis is a zoonotic disease that can be transmitted between different species. Nevertheless, if your dog is getting treatment and you are careful to not touch their urine and feces, the possibility of infection is very low. Ask your veterinarian more about how to best handle the situation.
You may also be interested in watching our video about common symptoms that your dog is suffering from an underlying illness.
This article is purely informative. AnimalWised does not have the authority to prescribe any veterinary treatment or create a diagnosis. We invite you to take your pet to the veterinarian if they are suffering from any condition or pain.
If you want to read similar articles to What Is Brucellosis in Dogs and What Are the Symptoms?, we recommend you visit our Bacterial diseases category. | Medical Studies | 9 | 160 |
117 | J Cancer 2019; 10(23):5785-5792. doi:10.7150/jca.30040 This issue
1. Department of Digestive Surgery, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, the Fourth Military Medical University, 127 West Changle Road, 710032, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
2. Health company, 92667 Army of PLA, 39 East Zaoshan Road, 266100, Qingdao, Shandong, China.
3. Cadre' s sanitarium, 62101 Army of PLA, 67 Nahu Road, 464000, Xinyang, Henan, China.
4. Department of General Surgery, No. 534 Hospital of PLA, West Lichun Road, 471000, Luoyang, Henan, China.
5. Department of General Surgery, No. 91 Hospital of PLA, 239 Gongye Road, 454000, Jiaozuo, Henan, China.
Background The benefit of surgical resection for advanced gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) following tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) treatment was still under debate. The present meta-analysis was designed to assess the value of surgical resection for the prognosis of patients with metastatic, recurrence and unresectable GISTs. Methods A systematic search of PubMed Central, PubMed, EMBASE and the Cochrane Library database was performed. Relevant studies of the role of surgery in advanced GISTs published before 1 May 2019 were identified. The quality of studies was assessed by the Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale. The progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were assessed through software Stata 15.0. Results A total of 6 retrospective studies including 655 patients were analyzed. The pooled result revealed that surgical resection group was associated with better PFS (HR = 2.08; 95% CI: 1.58 to 2.76; P<0.001) and better OS (HR = 2.13; 95% CI: 1.59 to 2.85; P<0.001) compared with TKIs treatment alone group. Conclusions Surgical resection following TKIs treatment could significantly improve the prognosis of patients with advanced GISTs.
Keywords: Gastrointestinal stromal tumor, Tyrosine kinase inhibitor, Surgery, Meta-analysis | Medical Studies | 9 | 160 |
117 | LYMPHOGRAPHY IN SURGICALLY UNRESECTABLE ADENOCARCINOMA OF THE EXOCRINE PANCREAS
- NR Dunnick
- K Horvath
- G Head
- R Bender
Bipedal lymphograms were performed on 28 consecutive previously untreated patients with biopsy proven and surgically unresectable carcinoma of the pancreas. Four of these patients had findings indicating lymph node metastases. In three of these 4 patients, the lymphogram provided the only evidence of metastatic disease. The information provided by bipedal lymphography may be useful in treatment planning.
How to Cite:
Dunnick, N. & Horvath, K. & Head, G. & Bender, R., (1978) “LYMPHOGRAPHY IN SURGICALLY UNRESECTABLE ADENOCARCINOMA OF THE EXOCRINE PANCREAS”, Lymphology 11(3), p.85-88. | Medical Studies | 9 | 160 |
117 | Submadibular Abscess with Velopharyngeal Insufficiency: Unusual Clinical Presentation of Tuberculosis
Swati Tandon*,Purodha Prasad, Vikram Wadhwa and Ishwar Singh
Maulana Azad Medical College, India
Submission: February 20, 2017; Published: June 16, 2017
*Corresponding author: Swati Tandon, Maulana Azad Medical College, Delhi, India, Tel:9891778593; Email:[email protected]
How to cite this article: Swati T. Submadibular Abscess with Velopharyngeal Insufficiency: Unusual Clinical Presentation of Tuberculosis. Int J Pul & Res Sci. 2017; 1(5): 555576. DOI:10.19080/IJOPRS.2017.02.555576
Tuberculosis is a major public health problem in India. The rising incidence of multi drug resistant tuberculosis and unusual presentations of the disease is posing a great challenge for clinicians. We report an interesting case of 27 year old male who initially presented with submandibular abscess, subsequently developed velopharyngeal insufficiency during hospital stay and finally diagnosed as a case of extrapulmonary tuberculosis.
Tuberculosis is one of the oldest diseases known to affect humans. There are two forms of tuberculosis: pulmonary and extrapulmonary. Extrapulmonary tuberculosis involves all sites other than lungs. Diagnosis of extrapulmonary tuberculosis is challenging as samples obtained from these sites may be paucibacillary, thus decreasing the sensitivity of diagnostic tests . We report a case of unusual presentation of disseminated extrapulmonary tuberculosis, where patient initially presented as an acute submandibular abscess, then developed palatal perforation and later had massive pleural effusion. Pleural fluid analysis ultimately leads to the diagnosis of tuberculosis.
A 27 year old male presented to ENT emergency of our hospital with diffuse swelling below the chin for 6 days. The swelling initially started as a furuncle which gradually progressed to involve the whole region below the chin. It was associated with pain and difficulty in eating. There was no breathing difficulty or fever. There was no history of trauma. There was no history of contact or past tuberculosis. On clinical examination, patient was thin built, cachexic and a febrile.
On local examination of neck, a diffuse 8x8cm swelling was seen in neck below the mandible extending from one angle of mandible to other. It was tender, skin overlying was erythematous and hyper pigmented, and temperature was raised. It was fluctuant and on aspiration pus was aspirated. A provisional diagnosis of acute submandibular abscess was made and incision and drainage was done with 10 ml drainage of pus. Floor of mouth was raised which subsided on drainage of abscess. Pus was sent for Gram staining, ZN staining (for TB) and culture sensitivity. Acid fast bacilli (AFB) were negative on ZN staining. On culture, pseudomonas was isolated and appropriate intravenous antibiotics were started according to sensitivity report. Hematological investigations including complete blood count, kidney function tests, liver function tests and urine routine microscopy was done, which were within normal limits. No immunodeficiency was detected. On second day, patient complained of nasal regurgitation and regurgitation of water through right ear. Voice of the patient also appeared hyper nasal. Nasal examination was unremarkable. On oropharyngeal examination, approx. 1cm ulcer with perforation was seen at the junction of the right anterior pillar and soft palate with pus on its margins. Patient denied any history of trauma or drug allergy. On examination of right ear, pus was seen filling the external auditory canal with non visualization of tympanic membrane. On cleaning the pus, slough was seen in antero-inferior wall of external auditory canal in the cartilaginous portion with pus coming through it. Tympanic membrane was found intact. Pus in the ear was thought to be due to spread of infection via the parotid space into the external auditory canal (EAC) via fissure of Santorini. Approx. 10-15ml pus drained from the submandibular incision site on second day. Patient was continued on i.v. antibiotics.
Nasogastric tube was inserted for feeding and biopsy
was taken from the ulcer margins which showed chronic
inflammation without any granulomas and was negative for acid
fast bacilli. On third day, patient started complaining of purulent
cough with mild respiratory difficulty. Chest physician opinion
was sought who ordered chest x ray, montoux, sputum for AFB
smear and started patient on tab. levofloxacin for 7days. On
chest X ray, normal lung parenchyma with blunting of bilateral
CP angles were seen indicating pleural effusion for which
ultrasound guided pleural tap was done which revealed 4cm
pleural thickness on right side and 5cm on left side. Montoux
was 10mm, sputum for AFB was negative and ESR was raised
Analysis of pleural fluid revealed raised lymphocytic count
raised LDH and ADA s/o tuberculosis. Thus, a diagnosis of
extrapulmonary tuberculosis was made and patient was started
on ATT. Initially, patient did not respond and respiratory distress
worsened. Repeat chest x ray revealed massive pleural effusion
for which chest drains were inserted bilaterally. 1000ml pus
was drained from right side and 450ml from left side. Gradually
patient started improving.
Chest drains were removed after 3 days. Submandibular
wound also started healing and healthy granulation tissue was
formed on 10th day. Anterior pillar perforation also healed by
10th day (Figure 1 & 2). Patient’s general condition improved
and was discharged after 2 weeks on ATT. On follow up of
8weeks, patient is doing well and neck wound has healed.
The major pitfalls in the diagnosis of EPTB are atypical
clinical presentations simulating other inflammatory conditions,
resulting in delay of treatment. Therefore, a high index of
suspicion is necessary to make an early diagnosis. In developing
countries, the lack of diagnostic resources adds to the problems.
In clinical practice, the cutaneous reaction to PPD commonly
known as montoux test is used as an aid to diagnose TB but its
value as a diagnostic tool is limited in adults in India, since about
40% of the adult population is infected with TB. In our case,
montoux was 10mm suggestive of TB.
Smear examination for AFB, culture and histopathological
examination remain as the classical diagnostic tests for TB.
Laboratory diagnosis of TB is a tedious process because
it depends on the growth of organisms. ZN staining for
demonstration of acid fast bacilli on smears is a rapid method
but it is less sensitive. In a study, ZN staining was compared
with fluorescent (auramine rhodamine-AR) staining for
demonstration of acid fast bacilli and it was observed that ZN
staining showed 23.4% AFB smear positivity; 32.7% in sputum
and 1.4% in extra-pulmonary specimens, whereas, Auramine
Rhodamine staining showed 31.87% AFB smear positivity,
41.6% in sputa and 9.9% in extrapulmonary cases. The staining
methods were also compared and evaluated against culture on
LJ medium, (taken as ‘gold standard’): AR was 86.6% sensitive
and ZN 67.3% sensitive .
Culture is the gold standard method but it’s major
disadvantage is it is time consuming and takes 3 to8 weeks.
The most recent advances have been development of molecular
tools for amplifying DNA and RNA in clinical samples. A new
nucleic acid amplification test called transcription mediated
amplification has been developed . These tests enable rapid
identification of bacilli in few hours and are highly sensitive
and specific. Also, since they involve amplification of bacilli
DNA and RNA, they are very useful in paucibacillary specimens.
Histopathological examination for mycobacterial lesions has
also been described as a diagnostic tool. It has been found that
microscopic examination of tissue sections frequently results
in few or no bacilli seen, even if the lesions appear active
histologically. This might be due to the effects of the fixative fluid
and/or organic solvent, both of which are conventionally used to
make tissue sections for histopathology, on the acid-fast staining
of bacteria . We also suspect the same in our case.
Measurement of adenosine deaminase (ADA) activity is
one of the most widely used biomarkers in body fluids forthe diagnosis of EPTB. ADA is an enzyme involved in purin
metabolism. Activity of this enzyme increases in TB patients
because of the stimulation of T-cell lymphocytes by mycobacterial
antigens. Detection of ADA in pleural fluid ultimately helped in
establishing the diagnosis in our case.
TB of upper airway and oral cavity is usually secondary to
pulmonary TB. Cases of primary oral TB have been described
in literature . On the other hand oral TB can be the first
sign of pulmonary TB . In our case, oral TB was one of
the manifestations of extrapulmonary TB. Antituberculosis
treatment is the mainstay in the management of EPTB.
Our case highlights the varied and unusual presentations
of extrapulmonary tuberculosis. It also highlights the
limitations of diagnostic tests routinely used for diagnosing
TB. Extrapulmonary manifestation of TB can affect any part of
body; therefore high clinical suspicion is needed to diagnose
such cases early so as to prevent complications and spread of
infection to others. | Medical Studies | 9 | 160 |
117 | The Australian Ovarian Cancer market size stood at around USD 52.19 million in 2019 and is projected to reach USD xx billion by 2028, exhibiting a CAGR of xx% during the forecast period.
Ovarian cancer is a type of cancer that mainly occurs in the reproductive part of the women i.e., the ovary. This condition is characterized by abnormal growth of cells in the ovaries, which has the potential to destroy other body parts such as abdomen layers, the lining of the bowel and bladder, lymph nodes, and the liver. Inflating, pelvic ache, abdominal puffiness, and loss of appetite are some of the major symptoms of ovary cancer. The risk of ovarian cancer is higher among women who have ovulated more over their lifetime, which can also include females who have begun ovulating at a very young age.
The rising prevalence of Ovarian cancer, greater use of combination therapies for the treatment of ovarian cancer, and increasing population of aged women are key market drivers which act as a fuelling agent for market growth.
The combination used most often is carboplatin (or cisplatin) and a taxane, such as paclitaxel (Taxol), given IV (into a vein) for 6 cycles. The targeted drug bevacizumab (Avastin) might be given along with chemo as well.
In the year ending 30 June 2019, the number of people aged 85 years and over increased by 12,600 people (2.5%) to reach 515,700. There were more females (317,600) than males (198,100) in this age group.
Ovarian cancer was the 10th most diagnosed cancer among females in Australia in 2015. In 2020, it is estimated that it will remain the 10th most diagnosed cancer among females. In 2015, there were 1,365 new cases of ovarian cancer diagnosed in Australia. In 2020, it is estimated that 1,532 new cases of ovarian cancer will be diagnosed in Australia.
In 2016, there were 938 deaths from ovarian cancer in Australia. In 2020, it is estimated that there will be 1,068 deaths.
In 2011–2015, females diagnosed with ovarian cancer had a 46% chance of surviving for five years compared to their counterparts in the general Australian population.
At the end of 2014, there were 1,120 females living who had been diagnosed with ovarian cancer that year, 4,147 females living who had been diagnosed with ovarian cancer in the previous 5 years. | Medical Studies | 9 | 160 |
117 | By: Public Hospitals Authority
A breakthrough surgical procedure performed at the Rand Memorial Hospital (RMH) in Freeport, Grand Bahama heralding a new approach to the delivery of healthcare in the Bahamas. An Open Reduction Thoracic Spine Fracture procedure performed on a twenty-year-old male patient at the Rand on Friday, October8th ,2021 marked the first time a complex spinal surgery was performed at that hospital. It also marked the impressive collaboration of surgical teams from the Rand Memorial Hospital (RMH) and the Princess Margaret Hospital (PMH).
Describing the eight(8) hour surgery as successful, Dr. Valentine Grimes, Lead Surgeon and Consultant Orthopedic Surgeon at PMH credited the successful execution of the surgery on the excellent planning and scheduling between the Surgical Departments at RMH and PMH. He thanked the Administrators of both institutions fortheir support. “The framework is there and hopefully it canbe streamlined going forward so that emergency procedures like this, can be performed in Grand Bahama on even shorter notice,” said Dr. Grimes.
On the actual procedure Grimes added, “We achieved all of our surgical goals,we returned the spine to its normal position and reduced the pressure on the spinal cord; but due to the severity of the injuries, the patient is facing a long road to recovery.
This was a team effort all around.” He also thanked Dr. Athena Bain, a RMH physician, who assisted with surgery and Surgical Technicians Sandra Rolle-Allen RMH, and Adora Hanna, who travelled with him from Princess Margaret Hospital and assisted the surgical team. “We received a lot of support from the surgical team led by Dr. Freeman Lockhart and Dr. Terrel Humes, as well as the Anesthesia and Radiology staff. The Operating Theatre Staff at the Rand are receptive, capable and very willing to assist and learn.”
Grimes went on, “Typically, this type of injury would have been airlifted to PMH for treatment. In this instance it was necessary to travel to Grand Bahama to perform this procedure because there were no beds available at PMH to accept the patient. This type of spinal injury requires a special hospital bed, and the patient and his family were left with only three (3) options; wait until abed was available which could be a matter of weeks or longer; airlift the patient to a USA hospital,or perform the operation in the Rand Memorial Hospital’s state of the art surgical suite, recognizing that time was of the essence in this type of injury.”
More photo highlights below: | Medical Studies | 9 | 160 |
117 | Performing the Small Animal Physical Examination offers an easy-to-follow guide to successfully executing a thorough physical exam in cats and dogs, with nearly 1,000 clinical photographs depicting step-by-step details.
Provides comprehensive, practical information on the physical examination in small animal patients
Presents nearly 1,000 color photographs with step-by-step details of the procedures and principles
Offers advice on preparing the examination room, useful tips, and concrete guidance for examining each body system
Outlines a systematic, in-depth approach to the initial examination in dogs and cats
Supports new and experienced veterinarians and veterinary technicians alike in performing a thorough basic exam.
DETTAGLI PRODOTTO torna su
Titolo: Performing the Small Animal Physical Examination
Finitura: Copertina rigida
Misure: 22x28 cm
Peso: 1.5 kg
NESSUNA RECENSIONE PER QUESTO PRODOTTO | Medical Studies | 9 | 160 |
117 | Child not feeling well? Consider the 72 hour rule
All children get sick at one point in time or another. Some illnesses have to be treated right away while others are questionable. In those times of questioning, consider trying the 72 hour rule.
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Most minor cuts, rashes, coughs and slight fevers can be handled safely at home and with over the counter medications, if needed. If your child has a virus, food poisoning or other mild illness, the symptoms typically dissipate within 72 hours. We all know how expensive and time consuming it is to rush to the doctor with every sniffle. But when should you be concerned?
Here are a few warning signs that warrant immediate medical attention:
- High or persistent fever of 104°F
- Any breathing problems, such as fast, labored or noisy breathing from the chest
- Persistent pain such as an earache, sore throat, severe headache or stomach ache
- Eye discharge that is thick, sticks the eyelids shut, and doesn't get better during the next day
- Uncontrollable vomiting for more than 12 hours
- Extreme pain that gets worse over time
- Loss of consciousness
- A loss of control of the arm, leg, or other part of the body
- Stiff neck
- Yellow hue to skin or eyes
- Blue, purple or grayish appearance of skin or lip
- Blurred vision
- Inability to walk normally
- Throwing up blood
- Blood or mucous in the stool
- Painful urination
- Fast and developing rash over most of the body
- Loosened or knocked out teeth
- Any symptoms of illness in an infant under 1 year of age
Otherwise the 72 hour rule applies. During that time, carefully note the physical symptoms of the illness, take the child's temperature regularly, and convince them to drink plenty of water and herbal tea. Fresh, uncooked fruits and vegetables are the best source of nutrients and multi-vitamins with high doses of vitamin C. Avoid anything with sugar (even juices). If the illness is caused by a bacterial infection, it will feed off the sweetness. If there is any nausea or vomiting, the BRAT diet of bananas, rice, applesauce, and toast usually does the trick. Lastly, make sure you do not overreact. There is nothing more distressing to a sick child then a freaked out parent.
Want to learn more? A wonderful flow-chart on how to respond to everything from allergic reactions and asthma attacks to tetanus, ticks and vomiting has been created by the Missouri Department of Health. When in doubt, however, contact your doctor or urgent care center.
Go to the ER if...
Woman's Day magazine, August 2010 offered this guidance for when to go to the Emergency Room:
Potential Poisoning (includes vitamins, detergents, etc.): If more than a few sips or pills are swallowed get immediate medical attention. Otherwise call Poison Control at 800-222-1222.
Cuts: If blood is gushing and shows no sign of slowing - or if child is losing consciousness get immediate medical attention. Otherwise, apply pressure for 10 minutes. If does not stop or the cut looks deep, contact doctor.
Fever: If of 105°F or higher or for infants (under 2 months) with fever of 1005°F or higher get immediate medical attention. Fever is usually a sign that the body is fighting an infection. Have child lie down and apply cool compress or ice bag covered with cloth or paper towel to forehead for 30 minutes. If fever has not subsided, call doctor.
Bump: If child fainted, shows unusual behavior, dizziness, vision problems or has severe headache get immediate medical attention. Otherwise, give children's Tylenol or Motrin, apply ice pack wrapped in cloth and call doctor.
Broken bone: If bone protrudes from skin, arm, wrist or leg is bent oddly, pain is in one spot or can not hold weight, or pain is extreme get immediate medical attention. Otherwise, give children's Tylenol or Motrin, apply ice pack wrapped in cloth and monitor for 20-48 hours.
Burns: If large area is affected get immediate medical attention. Otherwise, run under cold water, give children's Tylenol or Motrin, apply antibiotic ointment and bandage. If severe blisters appear, call doctor.
Sources (accessed October 8, 2011):
Your Familys Health: Kids Health | Medical Studies | 9 | 160 |
117 | In conjunction with Sarcoma Awareness month, which is commemorated annually in July, we aim to raise awareness of what is known to be the cancer people have forgotten. The fact that there is little understanding about sarcomas and the efforts to encourage fact-finding and medication development is more difficult due to a lack of awareness and comprehension.
Let’s read more on sarcoma cancer so we can have a better understanding of what we are raising our awareness for.
What is sarcoma cancer?
Sarcoma is a type of cancer that can occur in several spots in your body. Sarcoma is the common term for a wide group of cancers that occurs in the bones and in the soft-connected tissues.
Soft tissue sarcoma develops in the tissues that connect, support, and cover other body structures which include muscle, fat, blood vessels, tendons, nerves and the lining of the joints.
Sarcomas are a rare disease. International incidence rates are estimated to range between 1.8 and 5.0 cases per 100 000 per year for soft-tissue sarcomas and between 0.03 and 0.3 cases per 100 000 per year for bone sarcomas.
Mans, D., Lall, A. B., Macnack, V., Van Tholl, J., Zandveld, E., & Vrede, M. (2014, March). Incidence, and Gender, Age and Ethnic Distribution of Sarcomas. Retrieved July 14, 2022, from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4655658/
Who is affected by sarcoma?
Sarcoma can occur in both children and adults. In general, soft tissue sarcoma happens more frequently in adults. For bone sarcoma diagnoses, it occurs more often in children, teens, and adults above 65 years old.
What causes sarcoma?
Sarcomas develop when immature bone or soft tissues made changes to their DNA, which leads to forming cancer cells that grow disorderly. They might in the end, form a tumor or mass that invades healthy tissues that are closed to them.
When you leave it untreated, it can move through your bloodstream or lymphatic system from the starting location where it first formed to other organs (metastasis). Metastasized cancer is known to be difficult to treat.
As with other forms of cancer, researchers do not know what causes a healthy cell to change into sarcoma.
What are the risk factors associated with sarcoma?
Some factors might increase your risk of developing sarcoma. These includes:
Exposure to chemicals
Exposure to arsenic and some other chemicals used for plastic manufacturing (vinyl chloride monomer), herbicides (phenoxyacetic acid) and wood preservatives like chlorophenols.
Exposed to high doses of radiation from past cancer treatments.
Lymphedema is the build-up of fluid in soft body tissues when the lymph system is damaged or blocked which results to long-term swelling in your arms or legs.
Certain diseases and chromosome mutations can be inherited like Gardner syndrome, von Hippel-Lindau disease, Werner syndrome, tuberous sclerosis, Gorlin syndrome, retinoblastoma, La-Fraumeni syndrome, and also neurofibromatosis type-1.
What are the symptoms of sarcoma?
Soft tissue sarcomas are difficult to notice as they can form anywhere in your body but some sarcomas may not cause noticeable signs in the early stages.
For some sarcomas, you may experience a painless lump under your skin, while some others do not pain you until they grow big enough to put pressure on an organ.
Other sarcomas can also cause a long period of bone pain or swelling in your arms or legs that can aggravate at night. These changes may put a limit on your physical movement.
- A new limp that may or may not hurt
- Experience extreme pain in your arm, leg, abdomen, or pelvis
- Limited range of motion of your arm or leg
- Back pain
- Unexplainable weight loss
Sarcoma shares the same signs and symptoms with other conditions or diseases. Your doctor or healthcare provider can assist to determine whether your symptoms are correlating with sarcoma or other diseases.
How is sarcoma diagnosed?
Your doctor or healthcare provider will start with a thorough medical history and physical examination. You may need to go through special tests like a biopsy to obtain a tissue sample to diagnose the exact type of sarcoma you have conditioned.
The following tests may be used when making a diagnosis:
X-ray uses a small amount of radiation to take images of the bones and soft tissues in your body.
Computed tomography (CT) scan
A CT scan is a method to diagnose by using computers to combine many x-ray images into cross-sectional views of your insides.
Magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)
An MRI, large magnets, radio waves, and a computer are used to generate clear images of your insides. MRI can also create more detailed pictures of your body if an x-ray shows something unusual.
The bone scan is a method of diagnosis where your healthcare provider will inject a small amount of radioactive material into your body to identify any bone disorders like bone sarcoma.
A PET scan uses a designated glucose tracer that holds on to cells by using high levels of glucose, like cancer cells. PET scan allows you to see which parts of the body that has unusually high amounts of glucose levels, suspecting a tumor.
A biopsy is a method of diagnosis where your health provider removes a piece of tissue from your tumor and has it tested in a lab. A pathologist will analyze the tissue under a microscope to see detect a sarcoma.
This method helps your provider to understand what kind of sarcoma you are conditioned for and which treatments are suitable.
What are the stages of sarcoma?
The purpose of cancer staging is to have a better understanding of how severe a sarcoma is and what treatments are the most effective. A doctor or health provider classifies most sarcoma cases based on the TNM classification system:
T – Describe the size and location of the primary tumor
N – Describes whether cancer has spread to nearby lymph nodes
M – Describes whether cancer has metastasized (spread to other organs)
Your doctor or healthcare provider might determine what grade (G) your cancer is. The grading system provides information based on the appearance of the cancer cells including how much they resemble regular cells.
Technically, the more normal the cancer cells look, the better you are with your prognosis. They use this information to put a grading to your sarcoma. They assign a number from 1 to 4 to grade your stage.
The higher the number, the more cancerous your condition is, which has grown locally or spread across your body. Different types of sarcoma come with different staging criteria.
How is sarcoma treated?
Sarcoma is treated differently, depending on what type you are diagnosed with, where it is located in your body, how fully developed it is, and whether or not it has spread across your body or is metastasized.
Through surgery, it takes the tumor out of your body. Typically in most cases of osteosarcoma, the doctor can remove only the cancer cells, and you won’t need to be amputated.
This method of treatment can shrink the tumor before surgery or kill the remaining cancer cells after surgery. This could be the primary treatment if surgery is not suitable for your condition.
Medication can also be used to treat sarcoma instead of proceeding with surgery. Chemo is commonly the first treatment to be suggested when cancer has spread.
There are newer treatments introduced that use medications or man-made versions of antibodies from the immune system to stop the cancer cells from growing while unharming the normal cells.
What is the survival rate of sarcoma?
Most people who are diagnosed with soft tissue sarcoma are treated by only surgery but if the tumor is low-grade, it means that is not likely to spread across the body. Higher stages of sarcomas are difficult to treat successfully.
The survival rate for osteosarcoma is between 60% and 75% if the cancer has not yet spread outside of the area it is formed. It is possible to be cured if all of the cancer can be removed successfully through surgery.
McMillen, M. (2022, January 26). Sarcoma. Retrieved July 14, 2022, from https://www.webmd.com/cancer/sarcoma | Medical Studies | 9 | 160 |
117 | Non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL) are a broad class of hematologic disorders of a certain type of white blood cell called lymphocytes. In NHL, the abnormal lymphocytes multiply and may be found in lymph nodes and related immune and blood-forming organs (spleen, bone marrow, tonsils and thymus).
Physicians at Colorado Blood Cancer Institute (CBCI) are specialists in the diagnosis, management and treatment of patients with NHL, and work with providers throughout the region to assist in optimal care of patients with various types of NHL.
Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Causes
The causes of most types of NHL are unknown. However, those more likely to be diagnosed with NHL are:
- Patients with inherited immune disorders
- Patients on immunosuppressant drugs following an organ transplant
- Patients with high exposure to pesticides
Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Symptoms
A common early sign of non-Hodgkin lymphoma is a painless swelling in lymph nodes of the neck, armpits, groin or abdomen. Other more common symptoms include:
- Fever and sweats (often at night)
- Constant fatigue and/or pain
- Weight loss
- Loss of appetite
- Nausea, vomiting, indigestion and abdominal pain or bloating
- Pressure or pain in the lower back
- Headaches, constant coughing and abnormal pressure and congestion in the face, neck and upper chest
Physicians may use the following tests to diagnose and stage non-Hodgkin lymphoma:
- Physical examination
- Complete blood count and other blood studies
- CT scan of the neck, chest, abdomen and pelvis
- PET scan
- Lymph node biopsy or excision
- Bone marrow biopsy
Some types of NHL are considered slow growing while others may be quite aggressive. Information obtained from the studies and from a thorough physical examination allows the physician to appropriately stage and determine the best treatment plan for the patient.
Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Treatment
Prognosis and treatment options for NHL depend on a number of factors including:
- Stage and type of NHL
- Patient’s age and health
- Whether the cancer is recurring and/or aggressively spreading
Sometimes, a “watch and wait” approach is recommended for certain lymphoid disorders. In others, medications are necessary early to help control the disease. Treatment options for NHL may also include radiation therapy. Depending on the type of NHL and how the disease acts, a hematopoietic cell transplantation may be advised.
For many NHL diseases, hematopoietic cell transplant using a patient’s own stem cells is recommended. These are called autologous stem cell transplants. In other NHL, patients have better outcomes when using a donor’s stem cells. These types of transplants are termed allogeneic stem cell transplants. For allogeneic transplants, sometimes a brother, sister, or even a parent or child may be the best donor. Other treatments that may be indicated and available are called immune-based therapies.
Colorado Blood Cancer Institute is at the forefront of innovative treatment options for patients with NHL and is always participating and leading clinical research to improve treatment options and outcomes for patients. Should patients require a hematopoietic cell transplant, CBCI physicians and advanced practice providers remain the largest and most experienced in the multi-state region, and continue to advance the field to benefit all patients. | Medical Studies | 9 | 160 |
117 | Recently more than one new member has wondered why their vet wanted to run pre-amputation diagnostic tests.
“This third vet asked if there was an ‘abdominal ultrasound ‘ performed….I said ‘no’ and they are suggesting that before moving forward with amputation.” — victorsmom8
While it’s understandable that we all want to be cautious about the cost of what’s coming, you should know that vets don’t suggest tests in order to rack up our bill. Pre-amputation diagnostic tests (as well as any done before surgery of any kind) are critical for the health and even life of your dog or cat.
Yes, these pre-amputation diagnostic tests costs money, but they matter because they can:
- Identify any medical conditions that haven’t manifested in the past
- Reveal any medical conditions that aren’t visible with a physical exam
- Predict your dog or cat’s anesthetic risk.
Perhaps one of the greatest benefits of pre-surgical testing is that your vet can determine your dog or cat’s blood clotting ability. Not all pets, like Greyhounds, are very good at it.
“The purpose of pre-surgical coagulation testing is to detect clotting defects that can cause serious complications during and after surgery. By informing the client of this, they can be assured that excessive bleeding will be minimized during surgery. The medical team can also detect whether a patient has a congenital or cquired bleeding disorder that requires further care and diagnostic workup.” — The American Animal Hospital Association.
When cancer is suspected, pre-amputation tests can also reveal:
- If metastasis has occurred.
- The tumor type and precise location.
Recommended Pre-Amputation Tests
All dogs and cats who might undergo amputation should have:
- Pre-surgical blood tests including:
- a CBC
- chemistry and electrolyte profile
- coagulation testing
- x-rays (or a PET-CT scan) if osteosarcoma is suspected.
For certain types of suspected limb cancers known for metastasis to other organs, your vet might recommend an abdominal ultrasound. That’s not cheap but according to Dr. Sue Ettinger it’s an important pre-surgery step.
“Abdominal ultrasounds are not painful or invasive, and can be used to evaluate the dog’s overall state of health before embarking on extensive and expensive treatments.” — Dr. Sue Ettinger, The Dog Cancer Survival Guide
If your vet is not performing these tests before amputation — or any surgery — you may want to reconsider that practice. Many low-cost clinics help people save money by skipping them, but the results can be disastrous. According to Dr. Carolyn Karrh in her excellent blog post “The Difference Between Low Cost Spay/Neuters and Regular Clinics May Surprise You“…
1) Low-cost clinics do not typically require or offer bloodwork before surgery.
One main reason for this is because most young, healthy animals do not have any underlying metabolic issues. But there are always exceptions. If the clinic provides a bloodwork option, your cost will go up. But if you decline the bloodwork or if the clinic doesn’t offer it, if your pet has an underlying medical issue (liver or kidney disease, bleeding disorder, etc.), the vet and staff will not know and the risk for surgical and post-op complications will go up. Or your pet may die. Bloodwork helps your vet and staff know what risks are present, what anesthetic drugs to use and/or whether your pet can even safely have surgery.
What If You Can’t Afford the Pre-Amputation Diagnostic Tests?
all the pre-operation analysis plus amputation cost is simply unaffordable at this time. — chrisvd
All vets understand that paying for a major procedure like this is an emotional and stressful situation for us. Your vet is just as vested in the health of your dog or cat as your are and they understand that money plays a big role for most people. Here’s what you can do if you can’t afford all of the tests they’re suggesting.
- Ask which tests are critical and why.
- Have your vet rank the test in order of importance.
- Talk to your vet about your financial situation.
- Ask about payment options. | Medical Studies | 9 | 160 |
117 | Primary tumors of the epididymis are rare and are most commonly benign. Adenomatoid tumors of the epididymis are the most common and typically occur in the third and fourth decade of life. They are typically asymptomatic, solid lesions that arise from any portion of the epididymis.
Leiomyomas are the second most common tumor of the epididymis. These lesions tend to be painful and are often associated with a hydrocele.
Cystadenomas are benign lesions of the epididymis that are bilateral in 30% of cases and are frequently seen in association with von Hippel-Lindau disease. Histologically these lesions are difficult to distinguish from renal cell carcinoma. Malignant lesions of the epididymis are extremely rare. In general, an inguinal approach should be used, and if frozen section confirms a benign lesion, epididymectomy should be performed. If a malignant tumor is diagnosed, radical orchiectomy must be performed.
Tumors of the spermatic cord are typically benign. Lipomas of the cord account for most of these lesions. Of the malignant lesions, rhabdomyosarcoma is the most common, followed by leiomyosarcoma, fibrosarcoma, and liposarcoma.
Clinical diagnosis of tumors of the spermatic cord can be difficult. Differentiating between a hernia and a spermatic cord tumor may be possible only at exploration. In general, these lesions should be approached through an inguinal incision. The cord should be occluded at the internal ring and frozen sections obtained. If malignancy is diagnosed, attention should be directed toward performing wide local excision to avoid local recurrence. Staging of disease is similar to that of testicular tumors. For rhabdomyosarcoma, RPLND should be performed with adjuvant radiotherapy and chemotherapy. The value of RPLND for the other malignant spermatic cord tumors remains to be determined. Prognosis relates to the histologic status, stage, and site of disease.
Revision date: July 3, 2011
Last revised: by Dave R. Roger, M.D. | Medical Studies | 9 | 160 |
117 | PMCID: PMC5419064 DOI: 10.1177/2333794X17705955
Severe hypercalcemia in infants is usually attributed to genetic etiologies and less commonly to acquired ones. An 8-week-old girl presented with failure to thrive, mild respiratory distress, and life-threatening hypercalcemia (23.5 mg/dL). Serum 1,25(OH)2-D) level was elevated and parathyroid hormone undetectable. Evaluation for genetic mutations and malignant etiologies of hypercalcemia was negative. Treatment with intravenous hydration, loop diuretic, and calcitonin failed to correct the hypercalcemia, which was subsequently controlled with bisphosphonate therapy. Due to progressive respiratory deterioration, a bronchopulmonary lavage was done on day 17 of her hospitalization disclosing Pneumocystis jiroveci infection. The subsequent immunological investigation showed no abnormalities. She was treated with trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole resulting in gradual clearing of her lungs and normalization of serum 1,25(OH)2-D level. A year later, she remains healthy with normal biochemical parameters of mineral metabolism. We conclude that in a child with hypercalcemia with suppressed parathyroid hormone and elevated 1,25(OH)2-D, once the genetic etiology for elevated 1,25(OH)2-D and malignancy are ruled out, one should investigate closely for a chronic granulomatous disease. Among the latter Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia infection should be considered even in an immunocompetent child.
Glob Pediatr Health
Pneumonia, Pneumocystis; Pneumocystis Infections; Hypercalcemia; Infant
Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia; calcitriol; hypercalcemia; zoledronic acid
VanSickle JS, Srivastava T, Alon US. Life-Threatening Hypercalcemia During Prodrome of Pneumocystis jiroveci Pneumonia in an Immunocompetent Infant. Glob Pediatr Health. 2017;4:2333794X17705955. Published 2017 May 2. doi:10.1177/2333794X17705955 | Medical Studies | 9 | 160 |
117 | Since March is National Colorectal Cancer Awareness Month, it’s a perfect time to learn important facts about colorectal cancer as well as how to recognize it. Each year, approximately 150,000 new cases of colorectal cancer are diagnosed in the United States. According to data from the National Cancer Institute, this makes it one of the most common types of cancer. Yet as devastating as colorectal cancer is, it remains one of the most preventable types of cancer as long as it is caught during the early stages of the disease.
What is Colorectal Cancer?
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is so named because it refers to the development of cancer cells in either the colon or the rectum. Since both colon cancer and rectal cancer are similar in terms of proximity and progression, they are often lumped together. As with all kinds of cancer, CRC begins with the abnormal growth of cells that can eventually become malignant and spread to other parts of the body. In the case of CRC, this abnormal growth starts in the epithelial cells that make up the inner lining of the colon or rectum.
In almost all cases of colon cancer, the starting point is an abnormal growth called a polyp. These masses of cells are typically benign at first, but if left unchecked, they can continue to grow until they metastasize and spread outside the colon. Polyps are usually categorized by various attributes into several types:
- Adenomatous: Estimated to make up about 70% of all polyps, adenomas are the most common type of polyp. Only a small percentage of adenomas end up being cancerous, but they are the most frequent starting point for colorectal cancer.
- Villous/Tubulovillous: Villous and tubulovillous polyps are subtypes of adenomas, and they represent around 15% of all polyps that are detected in CRC screenings.
- Serrated: Known for its saw-like appearance, the serrated type is considered premalignant because of its relatively higher chance of becoming cancerous.
- Hyperplastic: This type is similar to serrated in appearance, but its low malignancy potential means that it is highly unlikely to become cancerous.
- Inflammatory: Inflammatory polyps are associated with inflammatory bowel disease and other common gastrointestinal maladies, and thus they have essentially no risk of malignancy.
An important aspect of colorectal cancer is that it usually takes a long time to develop. A polyp could be benign and undetected for many years before actually becoming cancerous. This truth about CRC is the primary reason why it’s preventable and why regular cancer screenings are recommended for ages 45-75 (depending on your individual risk factors). If a gastroenterologist detects a polyp during a routine colonoscopy, for instance, it can often be removed right then, long before it could ever develop into cancer.
Warning Signs and Symptoms of Colorectal Cancer
The main reason National Colorectal Cancer Awareness Month exists is to increase awareness of the disease and to highlight the need for screenings. While there is obvious value in understanding and being able to identify symptoms of CRC, it is important to note that the presentation of symptoms means that cancer has already developed. This means that the window for early detection has already passed. Some of the most common signs and symptoms are as follows:
- Blood in stool: Perhaps the most easily detectable symptom is the presence of blood in the stool. In later stages of colorectal cancer, when the growths have become enlarged and contributed to cell death, rectal bleeding or bleeding throughout the large intestine can lead to visible blood when defecating.
- Changes in bowel habits: Sometimes even relatively minor changes in bowel habits can be an indicator of CRC. Diarrhea, constipation, tenesmus (the feeling of an incomplete bowel movement), incontinence, or the narrowing of stools are all possible changes that can occur because of the presence of cancerous polyps or tumors. The changes may be gradual or fairly rapid.
- Weight loss: Sudden or unexplained weight loss (knowing, for instance, that you weren’t trying to lose weight) can be an indicator of CRC for a variety of reasons, including the increased energy requirements of the immune system fighting cancer at the same time as the cancer cells co-opting various resources.
- Anemia: A shortage of red blood cells can mean a number of different things, but in CRC it can happen because of bleeding in the gastrointestinal tract; over time, that blood loss can cause a reduction in red blood cell count. Iron deficiency anemia can also cause weakness, fatigue, or shortness of breath.
- Abdominal pain: Abdominal pains, bloating, and cramping can be either a direct result of a cancerous tumor or an indirect result of some of the other gastrointestinal problems that can emerge because of CRC. These kinds of pains tend to present suddenly and then increase in severity.
- Vomiting: As with many other CRC symptoms, vomiting can be an indirect or direct result of the cancer. In some cases, a tumor causing a blockage in the colon forces waste to backup in the digestive tract.
A crucial point with all of these symptoms (apart from the fact that the preventability of CRC is rendered moot) is that they are all symptoms of a variety of other digestive problems. Indeed, most of the signs and symptoms noted above are more likely to be a sign of one of a number of common gastrointestinal conditions like inflammatory bowel disease (which includes Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis), irritable bowel syndrome, or even hemorrhoids. So, while these symptoms may indicate colorectal cancer, the likeliest cause is another, less serious condition.
Colorectal Cancer Risk Factors
Though the nature of colorectal cancer suggests that family history may not be a major risk factor, about 1 out of 3 people who develop CRC have a family member who also had it. Beyond genetics, though, old age and a personal history of inflammatory bowel disease seem to be the major risk factors that can’t be controlled. Surprisingly, all other risk factors fall into the category of risks that can be mitigated through changes to lifestyle and behavior:
- physical inactivity
- American-style diets heavy in red or processed meats
- heavy alcohol consumption
In addition to getting regular colorectal cancer screenings at the appropriate age, the easiest way to prevent CRC is through avoiding unhealthy habits like those listed above (there also countless other physical and mental health benefits of avoiding these as well).
Colorectal Cancer Screening at Cary Gastro
With many types of cancer, regular screening is impractical or expensive. With colorectal cancer, once you turn 45 or 50 (depending on whether you have higher or average risk), you only need to get screened on average once every five years. The screening process can include tests like a colonoscopy, CT scan, or flexible sigmoidoscopy, and these colon cancer screenings allow the gastroenterologist to visually inspect the colon to search for polyps. By simply opting in, you can significantly reduce your chances of developing CRC.
If you’re 45-50 and haven’t been screened yet, National Colorectal Cancer Awareness Month provides the perfect opportunity to take your health into your own hands and get ahead of this disease. At Cary Gastro, we are passionate about helping people take a proactive approach to their digestive health care. If you’d like to learn more or schedule a colon cancer screening test, contact us today to request an appointment. | Medical Studies | 9 | 160 |
Subsets and Splits