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An edition of: WaterAtlas.orgPresented By: USF Water Institute Water-Related News Five things to know about blue-green algae. (Yeah, it’s bad. And it’s getting worse.) Three years ago, a foul-smelling blue-green algae bloom so thick it looked like guacamole shut down the beaches of Martin County over the Fourth of July. Last year, blue-green algae blooms again popped up in Lake Okeechobee and the rivers connected to it. This year, there are small blue-green algae blooms appearing in the waters of Pinellas, Manatee and Sarasota counties. It could be worse. A blue-green algae bloom in the northern Gulf of Mexico spurred Mississippi authorities to close all 21 of their beaches over the weekend. In 2014, a blue-green algae bloom in Lake Erie meant 500,000 people were without a source of drinking water. What is blue-green algae, why does it keep appearing and what does that mean for your health? Here are some answers.
This post was originally published by CBS News. Technology fans across the world could not wait to get their hands on Apple’s new iPhone 5 as soon as it was released; even though the new device required a whole new set of chords, and connectors. What many Apple enthusiasts did not think about was the amount of electronic waste, or e-waste, that their new toys created. One of the growing concerns of many environmentalists is that as technology changes so does the need to get rid of the outdated devices and their related parts. According to the Earth Day Network, Americans produce over 50 million tons of e-waste. why e-waste should be kept, recycled in the U.SThese discarded electronics often end up in landfills or are incinerated, which can cause major environmental problems, as they are made up of extremely hazardous materials such as lead, mercury and cadmium. If the e-waste is left in a landfill or incinerated, the harmful chemicals will leak into the ground and atmosphere causing multiple problems for the communities. They also don’t just disappear, so old printers, monitors and phone chords continue to stay in the landfills for centuries creating problems for the surrounding areas. Of that 50 million tons of waste per year, only around 20 to 25 percent of it is actually gotten rid of safely and unfortunately, the final 75 percent ends up in landfills. One of the easiest ways to prevent problems like this from occurring is to properly recycle the devices, but finding a place to recycle them is not always easy. “Every county in the United States has a solid waste program, every county, every city every state has solid waste program, but there is no real program for e-waste,” explains Earth Day Network’s president Kathleen Rogers. “Each county has a different way that they collect e-waste, some may ship it to another state, some have partnerships with different recycling companies, and some do not do anything at all.” Rogers recommends checking with your county to see what options they have for getting rid of e-waste, as there is no federal guidance for dealing with this type of garbage. In some cases you need to drive the electronics directly to the local dump to be sorted, or go to an e-waste collection site at a local municipality. However, there are also a few other options for consumers to do on their own. Some private companies, such as Best Buy and Home Depot offer options for recycling e-waste, and they take on the burden of sorting and figuring out where to ship it. It’s important to check out the specifics about what they will take before hauling a bunch of unacceptable items to your local store. Each state has specific regulations for what e-waste can be recycled, and they will turn you away if you bring in the wrong things. There’s also the option to resell or trade-in your current device after you upgrade to a new one.This can be done privately through websites like and, or through the manufactures like Apple and Samsung. Another option is to try recycling location search engine, which finds local places that recycle anything from electronics to hazardous waste. Source: CBS News By Shoshana Davis
Skip to Main Content Have library access? Log in through your library Making Race, Making Power Making Race, Making Power: North Carolina's Road to Disfranchisement Copyright Date: 2003 Pages: 192 • Cite this Item • Book Info Making Race, Making Power Book Description: In this groundbreaking study, Kent Redding examines the fluid political landscape of the nineteenth-century South, revealing the complex interplay between the elites manipulation of political and racial identity and the innovative mobilizing strategies marginalized groups adopted in order to combat disfranchisement. _x000B_Far from being a low-level, localized trend, the struggle for power in North Carolina would be felt across the entire country as race-and class-based organizing challenged the dominant models of making and holding power._x000B_Redding reveals how the ruling class operates with motivations and methods very similar to those of the black voters and Populist farmers they fought against. He tracks how the elites co-opted the innovative mobilizing strategies of the subaltern groups to effectively use their own weapons against them. _x000B_At the core of Making Race, Making Power is an insightful dissection of the concrete connections between political strategies of solidarity and exclusion and underlying patterns of race relations._x000B__x000B_ eISBN: 978-0-252-09223-7 Subjects: History Table of Contents 1. Front Matter (pp. i-vi) 2. Table of Contents (pp. vii-viii) 3. Acknowledgments (pp. ix-x) 4. Introduction (pp. 1-16) The U.S. civil rights movement is among the most-studied and best-understood political movements, as scholars have tried to learn how a seemingly powerless group mobilized to challenge racial segregation and retrieve a most fundamental right, the right to vote. It is curious, then, that we know comparatively less about the collective mobilization to implement disfranchisement and segregation in the South than we know about the social movement to end them. It may seem odd to center attention on how powerful southern whites collectively mobilized to disfranchise poor and powerless southern blacks in the late nineteenth century. To many, the story... 5. 1 The Structuring of Southern Voter Turnout (pp. 17-30) This chapter attempts to gauge the basic parameters of the franchise in the South¹ by analyzing southern voter turnout between 1880, prior to most disfranchisement regulation, and 1912, after basic forms of disfranchisement had been implemented in every southern state. As I examine patterns of voting as turnout declined from nearly 65 percent to less than 30 percent, I will be looking for the trace of disfranchisement to set the broader context for indepth analyses of the actual struggles that brought about disfranchisement in North Carolina. Racial division is a key part of the story, but here racial division is... 6. 2 North Carolina Democratic Politics and Society in the 1880s: Democratic Control through Localism (pp. 31-57) Though often thought of as a “progressive” state relative to its regional counterparts after the turn of the century, North Carolina experienced a significant degree of racial conflict in its political system, most notably in the violent white supremacy campaigns of 1898 and 1900. Viewed from the perspective of the beginning of the twenty-first century, North Carolina’s descent into virulent racial politics at the end of the nineteenth may appear as a rather linear and inevitable result of white racism and the needs of a labor-repressive agricultural system. Viewed from the ground in the 1880s, however, the path that state... 7. 3 Making and Blocking Republican Power (pp. 58-73) Even as the localist-oriented North Carolina Democratic party was successfully organizing and mobilizing its largely white constituency, it was facing strong challenges to its rule in the 1870s and especially the 1880s. These threats were directed not merely to the party’s control of state and local government but to the very form of political organization by which that control had been achieved. The Democrats had regained power at state and local levels by rebuilding and capitalizing on existing vertical strings of social relations constructed around the economic resources of political elites, kinship, neighborhood, and local patronage. The challenges to this... 8. 4 The Demise of Democratic Localism and the Rise of Populism (pp. 74-92) In the decade or so from the end of Reconstruction to the mid-1880s, North Carolina politics had developed certain patterns with respect to party policy and organizational strategies, as discussed in the previous two chapters. The state Republican party had experienced its greatest success in its ability to promote and take advantage of remarkably strong black political activity during and after Reconstruction. The policy basis of that activity and loyalty had weakened by 1885 as Republicans had done relatively little to advance black interests since the end of Reconstruction. But the earlier policies targeted specifically at blacks, along with later... 9. 5 The Failed Alternatives to Democratic Rule: Movement-Party Disjunctions in Populism (pp. 93-111) A core premise of this book has been that the fit between patterns of social relations and mechanisms of political mobilization and established institutions is central to processes of power making. If patterns of social relations, which may or may not conform to preconceived social categories such as race and class, change significantly and powerholders fail to adapt to such changes by either altering the ways in which they mobilize support or changing the institutional rules by which that support gets translated into institutional control, the powerholders will likely face stiff challenges from marginal groups better placed to tap into... 10. 6 Democrats Transformed, Democracy Undone (pp. 112-134) By 1897, the weaknesses in both the Populist and Republican parties and the strains in the relationship between them were becoming more and more manifest. In addition to the disjunctures between the Alliance movement and party organizations of populism, the Republican party also found itself beset with internal organizational problems. Moreover, now that the fusionists had accomplished the primary goal that had initially united them into a marriage of convenience—democratic reform of the state’s political system—the two parties found themselves increasingly clashing on important issues upon which they had heretofore agreed to disagree. The weaknesses of the fusionists... 11. Conclusion (pp. 135-138) At the outset, I proposed that new insights into political power could be gained by shifting attention away from standard questions of who and why (who made power and why did they do it, what was their motivation?) to questions of how and when. The analysis suggests that the forces driving North Carolina politics were never a mere product of class position or racial attribute, but developed and became enacted as collectivities formed and struggled to mobilize power. What mattered were the means as much as the motives of political action. Democratic elites were able to make and regain power... 12. Notes (pp. 139-164) 13. Bibliography (pp. 165-176) 14. Index (pp. 177-180) 15. Back Matter (pp. 181-182)
Tag Archives: racism Brave Courageous Men Deacons Of Defense On This Day: The Murder Of Emmett Till Throughout America’s sordid history, there have been many children murdered but the Murder in Money, Mississippi is the most infamous. It was this incident, the murder of a black child, fourteen year old Emmett Till that sparked the modern Civil Rights Movement. On August 28, 1955, Emmett Till, a fourteen-year-old black boy from Chicago supposedly whistled at a white woman in a grocery store. The crime sounded clarion calls for a nation to wake up – just look at the photo. Till’s mutilated corpse circulated around the country mainly because of John Johnson, who published the gruesome photographs in Jet magazine, a predominately African American publication. The photo drew intense public reaction. Till didn’t understand or knew that he had broken an unwritten law of the Jim Crow South until three days later, when two white men dragged him from his bed in the dead of night, beat him brutally and then shot him in the head. That night the door to his grandfather’s house was thrown open, and Emmett was forced into a truck and driven away never again to be seen alive again. Till’s body was found swollen and disfigured in the Tallahatchie river three days after his abduction and only identified by his ring. Till’s body was sent back to Chicago, where his mother insisted on leaving the casket open for the funeral and having people take photographs because she wanted people to see how badly Till’s body had been disfigured. This courageous mother was famously quoted as saying, “I wanted the world to see what they did to my baby” and over 50,000 people came to view the body. On the day he was buried, two men — the husband of the woman who had been whistled at and his half brother — were indicted of his murder, but the all white male jury from Money (some of whom actually participated in Till’s torture and execution) took only an hour to return ‘not guilty’ verdict. The verdict would have been quicker, remarked the grinning foreman, if the jury hadn’t taken a break for a soft drink on the way to the deliberation room. To add insult to injury, knowing that they would not be retrial, the two accused men sold their stories to LOOK Magazine and gleefully admitted to everything. Elsewhere in Mississippi at the time things weren’t going terribly well for blacks either. Just before Till was murdered, two activists Rev. George Lee and Lamar Smith were shot dead for trying to exercise their rights to vote, and in shocking testimony to the lack of law and order, no one came forward to testify although both murders were committed in broad daylight. 1aThe next year, a former army sergeant, Clyde Kennard, tried to enroll at Mississippi South College in Hattiesburg and was sent away, but came back to ask again. For this ‘audacity’, university officials — not students, or mere citizens, but university officials — planted stolen liquor and a bag of stolen chicken feed in his car and had him arrested. Kennard died halfway into his seven year sentence. But times were slowly a-changing: Brown vs. Board of Education was decided in 1954. Three months after the Till murder Rosa Parks would refuse to move to the back of a bus in Montgomery, Alabama. Sit-ins and marches would follow, and soon the civil rights movement itself would be in full-swing. It’s been over sixty-years since the events of that fateful night, and I simply cannot find the words to describe this heinous crime that has yet to receive justice. I’ll end by sharing these words by Maya Angelou: “History, despite its wrenching pain, cannot be unlived, but if faced with courage, need not be lived again.” And that’s my Thought Provoking Perspective… Purchase “Just a Season” today !!! The Powerless Of Blackness Remember: The Scottsboro Boys The Juice And The Race Card Happy Birthday Nelson Mandela 4History, or those who write it, has an interesting way of minimizing actions of wrong doing done by the power of governments against anyone who challenges their domination. Mr. Mandela is the perfect example; when they talk about Mandela, they hardly mention that governments around the world referred to him as a terrorist, a convict, a communist, and a saboteur. In other words, he was most hated and an enemy of the state. This has happened to other men such as Mahatma Gandhi and Dr. Martin Luther King, who were also labeled as dangerous and enemies of the state – both were assassinated, and there are some who say by the state. I make this comparison because these men became great heroes after their death. Mandela was no doubt one of the greatest heroes of the last century achieving it in life. What he achieved in South Africa even Mahatma Gandhi was unable to do in India, and Mandela did it in a way that respected all of humanity. This is Mandela’s greatest glory! Even his prison number 46664 (meaning prisoner 466 incarcerated in 1964) is now the name of humanitarian and charitable organizations. Mandela used his superior strength of will to turn those who opposed him into tools to make the world a better place. Mandela was a man who evolved above the pettiness of racial conflict, a man who saw with profound clarity that South Africa was not a Black nation, a Colored nation or a White nation. He saw South Africa as a great nation with opportunities for all people no matter their color, their tribe, their religion, or their culture. Most people don’t know that the system used in South Africa known apartheid was derived from the racial practices of our own American south – only taken to the extreme! It was so dominant that blacks had to cross the street to avoid whites to include eye contact with them. It was a government rooted in real fear of a State that threatened dire consequences should a white person be assaulted or even insulted. The Apartheid government was the most ridged and cruelest regime on the planet. For those who don’t know history, this government was firmly supported by the American government and Ronald Reagan in particular. If not for the powerful Black Lobby in the U.S. Congress, the United States would most likely have given South Africa even more support, including weapons. From the early stages of Mandela’s life, he fought against this brutal system of oppression which resulted in his being sentenced to prison on Robben Island for a third of his life. Another fact unknown to most is that strangely enough the name Robben Island means “island of seals” in Afrikaans. The power and support from most of the outside world was such that little information was available concerning the regimes atrocities. Virtually no articles were published in the North American mainstream media; according to the editors they were not interested in articles about terrorists. The outside world heard very little about Nelson Mandela. Few heard about Stephen Biko’s murdered and the thousands of South Africans that were persecuted, as most of the world continued to do trade with South Africa as a strong pro-Western anti-communist power. They had even developed and tested their own nuclear weapon. 1Finally after years of struggle and hardship, apartheid was overthrown, and Nelson Mandela became the first Black President of South Africa. He was awarded the Nobel Prize for Peace. The U.S. presented him with the Medal of Freedom and the Soviet Union presented him with The Order of Lenin. Yet, he still officially remained on the list of people barred from entry to the United States. In 1969 or anytime during the Seventies, the very idea that Nelson Mandela would one day be President of South Africa was an impossible thought. No one, not even Mandela himself could imagine such a possibility. It was simply impossible. Yet it happened. The impossible became possible and in achieving that position, winning the Nobel prize, Mandela gave a gift to all of us the gift of hope, the realization that no matter how daunting the situation, no matter how formidable the obstacles, that passion, courage and imagination can prevail. We all die but few have lived as Nelson Mandela lived; few have achieved as much as he was able to achieve. I am happy that Mandela was able to live a long and remarkable life. He not only served his country with exceptional honor, but he has served all of mankind with dignity and amazing grace. The world surely has become a better place since he joined the human family. In closing, this is Nelson Mandela’s most profound statement that will live in history as an inspiration. He stood firm for decades on the principle that until all South Africans enjoyed equal liberties. He said; he would not leave prison himself, declaring in his autobiography, ‘Freedom is indivisible; the chains on any one of my people were the chains on all of them, the chains on all of my people were the chains on me.’ Because of his epic fight against injustice, the entire nation is now free. We mourn his loss and offer our condolences to his family and the people of South Africa. And that’s my thought provoking perspective… Commentary: We Have “Not Overcome” 200_1000theLet’s be real, the ancestors left lessons and told us what to do. We know all the horrible tales of lynchings, rapes, murders, and the pacification of white folk never end. If they care so much about black people – they would have told the truth about history instead of creating hi-story, which are lies to cover-up their dastardly deeds. I want anyone reading this to ask yourself – does it really take 400 years to end the systematic system of racism? I’ve lived through segregation and knew the evils of the Jim Crow system first-hand and what I see today not much has changed. In fact, I don’t think the wretched system of racism is worse. Justice is still unjust and black people are still viewed as “less than” as the Constitution says and you know white folk love them some constitution! You do know it say we are 3/5ths human and the Supreme Court decision made it law that “a Negro has no right that white man is bound to respect” in the Dred Scott Decision. Just as they always done, they hold up a few to make it appear as if we have “overcome” or achieved some measure of advancement. Malcolm would have called some of these folks who keep telling us everything is alright – “House Niggers” – I will call them covert operatives. It was Solomon that said “there is nothing new under the sun.” This is a powerful statement because very little has changed since the 1960s, even though they remind us of this mythical dream! If you look at history, you will see that it repeats itself; the system is designed to protect the system, and that system excludes black people. They would deport black people if they could but there is nowhere to send us – remember they kidnapped us! Malcolm told us that “Anywhere south of Canada was south”, meaning wherever you are in America you were subjected to discrimination regarding the “separate but equal” laws and racism is the unwritten law of the land. I am not just saying this to be as I have been called, a “race baiter”. It is the honest truth but white fold are in denial that racism even exists. Republicans Party in particular want to turn back the hands of time and take back their country, which they did by electing Trump who is the embodiment of all that white supremacy means. Their attempts to suppress voting rights is in no way different than the poll taxes from the days of segregation, so this is not new either – it’s just the American political structure. There have been many ways to suppress people over time; unfortunately, black people have endured the brunt of these efforts. So there continue to be “Black Codes” which are laws passed designed specifically to take away civil rights and civil liberties of African American people. However, the difference today is that they just use different codewords to make it politically correct. This is the reason conservatives speak of taking back their country and have a strong desire to uphold “States Rights”; because at the state level laws can be unimpeded by the federal government. You can see this clearly today by the upsurge in the police killings and corruption under the cover of law all over the country while the country rushes to save those on distant lands wasting trillions. I wrote an article a few weeks ago titled “The Making of a Slave” to which I received a comment from a guy; I’ll call Mr. White Man. I should assume he was a white man because he vociferously defended the American way! In the article, I talked about the Willie Lynch Syndrome. This guy goes on to tell me or in his mind educate me on the subject by telling me there was never a Willie Lynch and that the supposed letter was debunked years ago. He went on to say that there was no truth to the myth. However, what he did not understand that true or not, there is a system in place to ensure black people “love and respect only” them. He went on to say, “how sad that I write about the bad things in history; how lucky I am for all that America has done for my people, and I should leave that stuff in the past”. Normally I don’t take the time to respond to fools because my grandfather taught me a long time ago “never argue with a fool”. However, his comment proves my point that he knows the game is rigged against people of color. He also knows he benefits from a privilege decreed by the “American Way”. Truth is those fools who sung that old Negro spiritual “did not believe “we shall overcome” either! Malcolm X once said that it is time to stop singing and start swing! Overcoming is not insight unless we fight!!! And that’s my thought provoking perspective… The King Alfred Plan Why Do We Celebrate America What To The Slave Is The 4th Of July? Independence Day Speech at Rochester, 1852 Remember Juneteenth: A Day Of Celebration Celebrate Juneteeth and Father’s DayJuneteenth is the oldest known celebration that commemorates the end of slavery in the United States. This celebration dates back to 1865 June 19th that the Union soldiers, led by Major General Gordon Granger, landed at Galveston, Texas with news that the war had ended and that those enslaved were now free. Note that this was two and a half years after President Lincoln’s Emancipation Proclamation – which became official January 1, 1863. The story that is often told is of a messenger who was murdered on his way to Texas with the news of freedom. Another story is that the news was deliberately withheld by the enslavers to maintain the labor force on the plantations. Then there is yet another story that federal troops actually waited for the slave owners to reap the benefits of one last cotton harvest before going to Texas to enforce the Emancipation Proclamation. All of which, or neither of these version could be true. Certainly, for some, President Lincoln’s authority over the rebellious states was in question. Regardless, the conditions in Texas remained status quo well beyond what was statutory. The Juneteenth celebration was a time for reassuring each other, for praying and for gathering remaining family members. Juneteenth continued to be highly revered in Texas decades later, with many former slaves and descendants making an annual pilgrimage back to Galveston on this date. A range of activities were provided to entertain the masses, many of which continue in tradition today. Juneteenth almost always focused on education and self-improvement. Thus, often guest speakers are brought in, and the elders are called upon to recount the events of the past. Prayer services were also a major part of these celebrations. Dress was also an important element in early Juneteenth customs and is often still taken seriously, particularly by the direct descendants who can make the connection to this tradition’s roots. During slavery, there were laws on the books in many areas that prohibited or limited the dressing of the enslaved. During the initial days of the emancipation celebrations, there are accounts of former slaves tossing their ragged garments into the creeks and rivers to adorn clothing taken from the plantations belonging to their former ‘masters’. Economic and cultural forces provided for a decline in Juneteenth activities and participants beginning in the early 1900’s. Classroom and textbook education in lieu of traditional home and family taught practices stifled the interest of the youth due to less emphasis and detail on the activities of former slaves. Classroom textbooks proclaimed Lincoln’s Emancipation Proclamation of January 1, 1863, as the date signaling the ending of slavery – and little or nothing on the impact of General Granger’s arrival on June 19th. The future of Juneteenth looks bright as the number of cities and states creating Juneteenth committees continues to increase. Respect and appreciation for all of our differences grow out of exposure and working together. Getting involved and supporting Juneteenth celebrations creates new bonds of friendship and understanding among us. This indeed, brightens our future – and that is the Spirit of Juneteenth. And that’s my thought provoking perspective… Media Kit %d bloggers like this:
Brian Cambourne A Brief History of ‘The Reading Wars’ The so-called ‘Reading Wars’ have a long history within reading education. They began as a series of competing pedagogies, ‘Method A’ versus ‘Method B’ arguments, which were hotly defended and/or attacked by advocates and adversaries within the professional bodies representing reading education and resurface regularly, often fueled by media’s tendency to polarise the debate. In the 1950s (when I began teaching) these debates involved a choice between two pedagogies, one based on a ‘look-and-say’ or ‘whole word’ based on visual-recognition-of-word-shapes principle, the other based on a transform-the-visual-signs-to-speech-sounds principle or ‘phonics’. The debates about these two pedagogies can be traced back to a German educator, Professor Friederich Gedike. who in 1779 wrote an essay in which he argued that reading instruction should go from whole words to the parts of these words, i.e. the letters. Since that time the debate between whole-to-part advocates and part-to-whole advocates has been a recurring feature of reading education. In the modern era this debate was re-ignited with the 1967 publication of Chall’s classic volume, Learning to Read: The great debate. Although Chall renamed the two approaches as ‘code-based’ versus ‘meaning-based’, reading pedagogy was still framed as an either/or choice between two theoretical options. By ‘code-based’ Chall meant the part-to-whole process of transforming the visual display to sounds and blending these sounds together to make words. By ‘meaning-based’ she meant the ‘whole-to-part’ process of accessing meaning directly from the visual display without first accessing sound. Despite the renaming of the issue, it was essentially a continuation of the ‘look-say’ vs ‘phonics’ debate. By the seventies and eighties this code-based vs meaning based debate had morphed into a series of variant strains of the same dichotomy such as ‘literature-based’ versus ‘skills-based’, ‘implicit’ versus ‘explicit’, ‘holistic’ versus ‘fragmented’ and ‘top-down’ versus ‘bottom-up’. The term ‘whole-language’ as a variant of ‘meaning-based’ first appears in the literature in 1992 in a Canadian publication, Whole Language Evaluation for Classrooms by Oran Cochran. It quickly spread to the USA where ‘whole-language’ versus ‘phonics’ became the main way of describing the issue. However, the term ‘whole language’ doesn’t appear in the Australian reading community till around the mid-nineties. Such a long history means that today’s teachers are heirs to a long tradition of (often acrimonious and unhelpful) debate about pedagogical methods, which are presented either as bi-polar opposites, or positions along a bi-polar continuum of some kind. It’s as if the field of reading has, for a long time, suffered from something analogous to serious bi-polar disorder. From the late nineties to the present time these dichotomies seem to have coalesced into something more complex. They are no longer perceived as ‘debates’. Rather they seem to have assumed the stature of ‘wars’. Thus, we now have the so-called ‘reading (or literacy) wars’. Instead of debating the pros and cons of a simple bi-polar dichotomy, the profession seems to be immersed in an all-out ‘take-no-prisoners’ war often led by psychologists and other experts in related disciplines standing outside the classroom. The use of this military metaphor first appeared in an article entitled, From a ‘Great Debate’ to a Full-Scale War: Dispute over teaching reading heats up,by Robert Rothman in the 1990 edition of the journal, Education Week. It was quickly picked up by a Californian grandmother named Marion Joseph. She claimed to be concerned that her grandchildren were being denied access to becoming literate because Chall’s research was being ignored by the Californian system. With the help of a Californian superintendent, Bill Honig, she mounted a relentless media campaign using the term ‘reading wars’ to force the Californian government to mandate a phonics first program in public schools. This notion of ‘reading wars’ began appearing in the Australian context in the mid to late 90s and has ebbed and flowed since then. Most recently in Australia the ‘wars’ have been characterised as ‘synthetic phonics’ versus ‘balanced literacy’ although ‘balanced literacy’ has often been erroneously conflated with ‘whole language’. A consequence of these ‘reading wars’ was the demand that only pedagogies, which are ‘evidence-based’, or ‘scientifically derived’ should be applied in the nation’s literacy classrooms. However, invoking ‘science’ and ‘evidence-based research’ as a way to reduce the theoretical confusion surrounding literacy education doesn’t seem to have helped much.There are quite distinct views of ‘good science’ and ‘good evidence’ held within the education research community. All that seems to have happened is that a new round of argument and debate about whose science and whose evidence should be considered, has begun Such a state of affairs begs the following question: Why is reading education so pedagogically confused? The answer to this question lies in history as well as in different understandings about what reading is. My research and the hundreds of research papers written on this topic have led me to believe that the notion of ‘teaching phonics effectively’ is contingent on how one defines, thinks, and talks about such concepts as ‘effective reading’ and ‘effective learning’. Until the community comes to some agreement on what these terms actually entail in the 2020s and beyond, the same theoretical squabbles will continue to plague education. Such theoretical arguments are not helpful for the teaching profession or the teaching of reading. To date, not enough attention has been paid to educators’ experiences and their evidence in helping children learn to read in classroom contexts. Brian Cambourne is principal honorary fellow at the University of Wollongong and foundation patron of the Foundation for Learning and Literacy. He is a lifelong researcher of literacy and learning. He completed his PhD at James Cook University, was a post-doctoral Fellow at the Harvard Graduate School of Education and a Fulbright Scholar. Australian Literacy Educators Association, Summary of the ALEA Submission to the National Inquiry into the Teaching of Literacy. Accessed at: Chall, J. (1967). Learning to read: the great debate. New York: McGraw Hill. Cochran, O. (1992). Whole language evaluation for classrooms. Accessed at: Ewing, R. (ed). (2006) Beyond the reading wars. A balanced approach to helping children learn to read. Primary English Teaching Association Australia, Newton. Paisey, D. Learning to read: Professor Friederich Gedike. Primer of 1791. Accessed at: Rothman, R. (1990). From a ‘Great Debate’ to a Full-Scale War: Dispute over teaching reading heats up,Education Week. Accessed at: Snyder, I. (2008) The literacy wars: why teaching children to read is a battleground in Australia. Allen & Unwin, Sydney. The Reading wars are over: Whole language vs. Phonics Accessed at: To cite this paper: Cambourne, B. (2021) A brief history of the ‘reading wars’ The cover image: George Hodan has released this “Child And Books” image under Public Domain license.
The Use of Art: Ralph Waldo Emerson and Nathaniel Hawthorne 1588 Words7 Pages The ideals of America have always had a difficult relationship with the ideals of the artist. America was founded on the principals of agrarian strength and simple thought. Creating works with no other purpose then to be beautiful seemed to be a waste of time, elitist, and against the common good. Rebelling against the supposed over-indulgent European culture, things had to be of use in America, and if they were not of use, they had no place here. This left the American artist in a state of limbo, and the 19th century saw a philosophical battle for the soul of the artist exemplified through the works of Nathaniel Hawthorne and Ralph Waldo Emerson. In Hawthorne’s piece “The Artist of the Beautiful” and Emerson’s essay “Art”, one can see the conflict of whether or not the artist would have a place in America, whether or not they will be like the European artist, and how the artist will have to change and adapt in such a fledgling democracy. Hawthorne began work on “Artist of the Beautiful” in 1844, shortly after his wife Sophia had their first child, Una. He and Sophia were to have a child before Una, but she miscarried after slipping on ice near their home, the Old Manse. Before this miscarriage the Hawthorne’s viewed themselves as Adam and Eve, walking in their own Eden, and considered this miscarriage as their own original sin and expulsion from perfection. After Una was born, Hawthorne began contemplating his experiences with sexuality, spirituality, and their application to his own life as an artist. In the short story, his avatar is Owen Warland. Owen is an ingenious if frail young artisan, gifted in his understanding of delicate mechanisms and is filled with a love of, and an ability to represent, the ethereally beautiful. After the mundane task of fixing watches stifles his creative abilities to the point of sickness, he becomes determined to create an Open Document
Why You Need To Stop Misusing The Term Gaslighting Gaslighting is a popular psychology term today. It’s fun to use pop psychology terms to belong to some social group, but check this… Remember how narcissism was thrown around inappropriately? Ya, same situation here. When someone is gaslighting another, they are abusing another. Full stop. Gaslighting is abuse. This is why throwing around the term is so asinine. You are basically running around calling others abusers. That’s not okay. That is as serious claim that needs investigation and not casual dismissal. Most people think someone is gaslighting them simply because they disagree. Nope. People can be confused, obtuse, or straight assholes, and none of that is gaslighting. Misuse of the term just devalues it and hurts true victims of abuse. Rather, gaslighting is a slow and insidious process where someone makes another question their own sanity. It almost always takes constant interactions over a sustained period of time, and almost always involves intimate relationships. There are six primary ways you can identify true gaslighting behavior: 1. Countering your claims by suggesting you aren’t remembering events correctly. 2. Withholding engagement by refusing to discuss serious issues. 3. Trivializing the events or your feelings as not important 4. Denying that events ever happened. 5. Diverting the focus of the discussion to your credibility to be making claims altogether. 6. Stereotyping you to try and dismiss the events and make you not want to speak up. Abusers use these tactics to destabilize their victims, to cause them to mistrust their own perceptions of reality. It is almost a prerequisite for abuse as you need to destabilize the victim for the abuse to be able to continue and not suffer the immediate consequences of the abusive behavior. The victim must trust the abuser to spoon feed the narrative and needs to doubt their own memory of events. They must lose their sense of self. This is not what is occurring with the casual malicious misuse thrown around in online debates. The casual misuse of gaslighting fails to address the actions that are bothering you and mislabeling them with inappropriate terminology isn’t helpful for you, or them. In turn you are doing more harm than helping. Often those throwing this term around are becoming the verbal abuser attacking the character of others when they want to deflect. Why? Because they have zero interest in good faith discourse when the ego needs protection. In an online debate labeling the opponent as “gaslighting” portrays moral superiority to those that claim it—and turns the ones claiming abuse into the abuser. Fucking brilliant if you aren’t able to spot these psychological mind games. Once this accusation is thrusted on the other individual it becomes a serious matter and changes the debate points immediately. Now there is no debate and what were we even talking about anyways? There was just a serious character attack made and needs to be refuted. Again, the big issue is the inappropriate overuse of gaslighting because it devalues the term and harms real abuse victims. As an analogy, you have some women who complain about receiving lude messages in their social media inbox, calling it sexual harassment or abuse. Anyone who has ever been sexually abused would never classify receiving a message as such a thing. That type of use just trivializes the experiences of true abuse victims. We need to be more cautious when we throw around these terms. If you don’t fully grasp the implications of what this entails it’s best to just describe what you’re experiencing, rather than attempting to label it. This is how we encourage good faith discourse rather than devaluing the experience of true victims of abuse. Comment over here. #gaslighting #mindgames #abuse #abusevictims #onlinedebates #gaslightingamerica #CBT #DBT #REBT #brianatheroux #alexleaf #mentalhealth #narcissist #narcissisticabuse #emotionalabuse #toxicrelationships
History of the Danish Folklore Archives Learn why the collection of folklore was created and gain an understanding of how it is built. roll recording and write-down of popular traditions H.P. Hansen The history behind the Danish Folklore Archives is worth knowing when you search for specific materials in the collection, but also when you need them. The way the material is presented and arranged is connected to particular notions of what kind of material it was and what it was to be used for. The collection of folklore begins The Danish Folklore Archives were established in 1904, but the collection was based on cultural currents in Denmark and the rest of Europe in the 19th century. The inspiration came from the south, where the German philosopher Johann G. Herder (1744-1803) thought that the history writing at the time was too superficial in its focus on powerful men, political institutions, wars and the like. Instead, history writing should focus on language, folk poetry, customs, and folk spirit. It was among the people of the countryside that the fundamental features of the nations could be found. Herder and his followers believed that the rural population had lived traditionally and largely unchanged for decades, and therefore had preserved the old intangible treasures that the folklore collectors now wanted to collect. In Denmark, folklore had previously been collected more or less sporadically, but in the middle of the 19th century, NFS Grundtvig's son, Svend Grundtvig (1824-1883), took the initiative to systematically collect folklore in Denmark, and he established himself as the central figure for the collection and exploration of folklore. He organised a network of hundreds of people around the country who sought out the rural population and wrote down their oral narratives and childhood memories. Svend Grundtvig was particularly interested in folk songs, folk tales, fairy tales, folk life, folk beliefs, proverbs, idioms and the like. It was he who introduced "folk memories" as a term for this kind of material. In addition to Svend Grundtvig, there were a number of other collectors of similar material, including philologist and priest HF Feilberg (1831-1821) and schoolteacher Evald Tang Kristensen (1843-1929). The collection work led to the formation of private collections of folklore around the country. Establishment of the Danish Folklore Archives As early as 1861, Svend Grundtvig had expressed a desire to establish a "museum for folk memories", but he never brought the idea to life. However, Grundtvig's student, Axel Olrik (1864-1917), became one of the driving forces behind the establishment of a central collection of folk memories in Denmark many years later. Olrik was an associate professor of folklore at the University of Copenhagen and had continued Grundtvig's work in several areas. After Svend Grundvig's death, Det Kgl. Bibliotek purchased his surviving folklore papers in 1884. Olrik had been promised that HF Feilberg's large collection of manuscripts and books would be transferred to the Danish Folklore Archives after his death, which it did. OIrik also assumed that Evald Tang Kristensen's large collections would be donated to the Danish Folklore Archives, which also happened. The Danish Folklore Archives were established in 1904 as an autonomous department at Det Kgl. Bibliotek with Olrik as director. Olrik worked as director until 1915, and it was Olrik who implemented the Folklore Archives' basic system structure in 1906, when he established a number of growing sub-collections that thematically covered the entire area of the collection. Strategies for collecting folklore He also initiated a renewal of the collection partly through a few paid employees, partly through agreements with private individuals and partly through a close, ongoing collaboration with Foreningen Danmarks Folkeminder (1908-) and Foreningen til Folkedansens Fremme (1901-). The resulting sub-collections are called the 1906 collections after the year they were created. They are among the most widely used sub-collections of folklore today. This is partly due to the fact that they are easy to access topographically - for instance if you are interested in a specific local area, parish or area. It was in these collections that the archivists placed the many submitted written folk memories that they received from collectors around the country. The archivists sent out questionnaires with topics and questions that they were interested in getting records of. They also provided pre-printed forms of record, which ensured that consistent metadata about the record was preserved. Each record - whether it was a proverb, a legend or a song text - had to be written on a separate piece of record paper so that the archivists could easily place the record systematically and correctly in the archive. The channels that Olrik used to collect material for the archives - his own employees, members of Foreningen Danmarks Folkeminder and collaboration with private collectors - have in principle been used ever since. Questionnaires have been prepared for the members of Foreningen Danmarks Folkeminder from time to time. These methods of collecting have been supplemented in particular by calls through the media (radio, television, newspapers and magazines) to submit material. Over the years, ordinary people have also submitted material that they thought might be of interest to the Folklore Archives. Focus on the rural population Characteristic of the work with the collection of folklore in the period 1904-1960 is partly the genre-specific collection, exploration and publication of the material, and partly the main interest in the orally handed down traditions of the rural population. In the series "Fra Dansk Folkemindesamling", the first issue in 1908 called for records of customs and beliefs in connection with parties and agriculture. They asked questions about daily life, nature and games, and asked for melodies for joke songs, nursery rhymes, singing games and the calls of street vendors. In the 1960s, collecting via questionnaires was abandoned, and instead project-oriented collection was given higher priority. Taken as a whole, the period after 1960 is marked by a new paradigm: the interest in what is now affectionately called “popular traditions”. It is more contemporary and now also involves the urban population and new population groups. There is more focus on people (at the expense of the genres), and today most people are primarily interested in the context of traditions. Folk memories today The collection of folklore is alive and well today, and we are constantly expanding and maintaining it with new material. The focus was previously more limited to the concept of "folk memories" with genres such as folk tales, folk songs, legends, folk beliefs and traditions, but today we have a broader focus. The original collectors of folklore were particularly concerned with the culture of the rural population, but now we are interested in all sections of the population. We work both historically and with the present, and we continuously collect new material and expand the existing collection. We also continue to receive donations from individuals.
Romani: Europe’s largest ethnic minority, their marginalization, and the way forward. , by Konstantina Mirtzani Romani: Europe's largest ethnic minority, their marginalization, and the way forward. Romani women taking care of their children. Credit: Giorgio, Creative Commons Today we commemorate Romani Resistance Day, but what do we really know about the Romani people? The Romani are Europe’s largest ethnic minority: an estimated 10 to 12 million Romani currently live in Europe, of which approximately 6 million are citizens or residents of the EU. The umbrella-term ‘Roma’ refers to diverse groups, including Roma, Sinti, Kale, Romanichels, Boyash/Rudari, Ashkali, Yenish, Dom, Lom, Rom and Abdal, as well as Traveller populations. The Romani identify themselves differently according to history, language, and profession, yet much is shared between the different groups. They use a common language, ’Rromanës’, which has different dialects. Historians believe the Romani first arrived in Europe from northern India, through what is now Iran, Armenia, and Turkey. They gradually spread their way across the whole of Europe from the 9th century onwards. At first, they were welcomed for their skills, but governments and the church soon started to see them as suspicious outsiders. What is Romani Resistance Day? Throughout history, Romani people have been forced into slavery, a practice which continued into the 19th century. They were also sentenced to death throughout the medieval era in England, Switzerland and Denmark. This gradually grew into organized persecution. Many countries, including Germany, Poland and Italy, ordered the expulsion of all Roma. In the 1930s, the Nazis in Germany saw Roma people as “racially inferior”. Under Adolf Hitler, a supplementary decree to the Nuremberg Laws was issued on the 26th of November 1935, classifying the Romani as “enemies of the race-based state”, thereby placing them in the same category as Jews. Historians estimate that between 220,000 and 500,000 Romani were killed (25% to over 50% of the estimate of slightly fewer than 1 million Romani in Europe at the time) by the Germans and their collaborators as part of their effort to commit ethnic cleansing of the Romani people. Later research estimated the death toll to be at about 1.5 million out of an estimated 2 million Roma. On the 16th of May 1944, the Romani imprisoned in the Auschwitz-Birkenau concentration camp rebelled against their captors. As a result, no Romani prisoners were sent to the gas chambers on that day. Therefore, Romani Resistance Day commemorates this courageous revolt as well as the suffering of Romani people during the period of the Nazi regime’s rule in Europe. After the war, the Romani continued to be discriminated against and oppressed. Despite the principle of non-discrimination enshrined in EU primary law, a 2018 European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights report shows widespread discrimination against Roma currently persists in the EU. This discrimination is commonly manifested through harassment, hate crime and distrust. This phenomenon is called ‘’anti-Gypsyism’’ and has led to the social exclusion of Roma communities. This has resulted in Roma communities being at a higher risk of poverty than the general population and having a lower life expectancy. Millions of Roma live in isolated communities, often without any electricity or running water, and struggle to get the health care they require. Many live with the daily threat of forced evictions, police harassment and violent attacks. Romani children also often suffer segregation in schools and receive a lower standard of education. This practice of systematic segregation from formal, mass education takes different forms and is currently seen in North Macedonia, Moldova, Ukraine, Estonia, Hungary and Greece. Beyond the violence, it is also the everyday racism, the policies that forcibly evict and push Roma beyond the city limits, making them invisible, that cultivates complete indifference to their marginalization. More recently, the vulnerabilities that Roma communities typically face have been exacerbated due to COVID-19. Around 80% of Europe’s 10 million Roma live in densely populated neighbourhoods and overcrowded houses, and many do not have access to running water. This means that basic social distancing and sanitary measures required to combat the spread of the virus are more difficult to implement. In some countries, this has already led to the scapegoating of Roma communities as potential illness hotspots. Moreover, many Romani people work in grey market day-to-day jobs, meaning they have been unable to work and may not be eligible for state compensation schemes. In some countries, authorities have attempted to provide assistance but the help is inconsistent. For instance, due to an EU initiative funds were allocated in 34 municipalities where vulnerable Roma communities live to assist the provision of food packages, hygiene kits and other relevant products. Action from the EU EU policymakers are aware of these issues, and the EU itself has long stressed the necessity for better integration of Romani populations in its Member States. In 2011, the European Commission adopted communication pushing for the development of national Roma integration strategies, which detailed concrete policies and measures. By 2012, each EU member state had to produce a national Roma integration strategy, which included a set of integrated policy measures to ensure the effective integration of Roma populations. The Commission has since been releasing assessment reports, evaluating the progress of member states on their own set of goals and is pushing for further efforts to achieve Roma inclusion as part of the Europe 2020 process. On the 25th October 2017, the European Parliament adopted a resolution on fundamental rights aspects in Roma integration in the EU. The resolution calls on the EU, the European Commission and Member States to take brave action against anti-Gypsyism. More recently, on 7 October 2020 the European Commission adopted a new 10-year plan, including a proposal for a Council Recommendation, to support Romani people in the EU. There are seven key areas of focus: equality, inclusion, participation, education, employment, health, and housing. For each area, the Commission has put forward new targets and recommendations for Member States on how to achieve them, both of which will serve as important tools to monitor progress and ensure that the EU makes headway in providing vital support that so many Roma living in the EU still need. On the 12th of March 2021, the Council of the European Union adopted a recommendation on Roma equality, inclusion and participation in all Member States. It thus becomes evident that on an institutional level the EU is making progress by continuously acknowledging the marginalization of Romani communities and recently providing concrete strategies to address the issue. Nevertheless, the situation of Romani people in the EU has not improved, partly due to a lack of political will. The EU’s new strategy for equality and inclusion of Romani people risks proving ineffective unless it introduces mandatory objectives and targeted funding. While the new framework is a strengthened strategic document and makes a significant step towards the achievement of equality, it is still a soft policy. This does not oblige any member states to actually implement effective National Romani Inclusion Strategies with adequate funding from national budgets, progress and success indicators, and a robust monitoring mechanism. Romani people all over Europe are fighting to gain or maintain their civil rights in the wake of state-sanctioned violence and ethno-nationalist regimes that use Romani people as scapegoats for economic decline and immigration issues. There is, thus, the need for a binding framework that will lead to positive change on the ground. It is important on this day to remember that all Romani people should have the opportunity to realise their full potential and engage in political, social, economic and cultural life in the EU. Your comments Who are you? Enter your comment here Follow the comments: RSS 2.0 \| Atom
Arleeon (Setting) Ruler: An Earl Main Trade: Spices Capital City: Rhotan Something interesting about Arleeon: Arleeon is a nation of divided riches, with some of the wealthiest and some of the poorest people in The West living in the same cities. The wealth of Arleeon is in the spices that are grown along the rivers and imported at the main port: Rhotan. In the year 574na, thre was a movement, led by Liefstene, to overthrow the monarch and redress the balance between the rich and the poor. This was successful. However, eighteen years later, Liefstene was executed for the death of the former king. Power was handed to the earls. Each earl may hold the title of ruler for five years and can never reclaim it once their period is up. There are fourteen Earldoms in Arleeon. With this new system, the gap once more widened between the classes until the poorer people were evicted from Rhotan on The Day of Crushed Spirits, only to rebuild themselves a home on the north harbour. There is an undercurrent of bitterness in Arleeon that often results in unrest, both in the court and on the streets.
Skip to main content Protect Your Heart This February February is a month we generally associate with love and hearts of all varieties — heart-shaped cards, candy hearts, broken hearts and the list goes on. We know this is because Valentine’s Day falls perfectly in the middle of the month of February. However, there’s another major reason we talk about hearts in February: it’s American Heart Month! So, let’s talk more about the human heart. Cardiovascular diseases continue to be the leading cause of death worldwide, with nearly 18 million fatalities per year. It is important that we make it a goal this month to educate and inform the general public on the signs and symptoms of major heart diseases. We want you to protect your heart, literally, this February and for many more to come. Coronary Artery Disease Risk Factors: Smoking, diabetes, history of coronary artery disease in the family, high blood pressure, obesity, depression, alcohol abuse What is it? Coronary Artery Disease encompasses a number of cardiovascular issues including angina, myocardial infarction and sudden cardiac death. It is the most common cause of death worldwide and presents itself more typically in men than women of any age. Coronary Artery Disease occurs when the lining of the coronary arteries — which supply blood and provide oxygen to the heart — becomes hardened and built up with plaque deposits, creating blockages. When should I seek medical care? Coronary heart disease can be prevented and treated. If you are experiencing frequent chest pain or high blood pressure, visit your nearest vybe location for evaluation and advice. If you believe you are experiencing a heart attack or cardiac arrest, call 911 and get to a hospital as soon as possible. Heart Rhythm Disorders Risk Factors: Fever, infection, stress, anemia, thyroid disease, drug use, family history, pre-existing heart condition What is it? Heart rhythm disorders, also known as Arrhythmias, are indicative of an irregular heartbeat. This means your heart is either beating too fast, too slow or at irregular intervals. When should I seek medical care? Seek professional care if you are experiencing heart palpitations, chest pain, or feeling faint. If you believe you may be experiencing a heart attack, dial 911 and get to a hospital immediately. If you do not feel that what you are feeling is life-threatening, visit your local vybe for further evaluation. Heart Infections and Inflammation Risk Factors: Intravenous drug use, HIV, prior cases of Endocarditis, use of a pacemaker or implantable defibrillator, abnormal or damaged heart valves What is it? A heart infection, diagnosed as Endocarditis, occurs when bacteria (or, rarely, fungi) enters the bloodstream and reaches the heart. The infection typically impacts the heart valves or inner lining. Endocarditis can cause damage to the heart and if not treated immediately, may be deadly. When should I seek medical care? If you are having flu-like symptoms, weight loss, muscle or joint pain, persistent cough and shortness of breath, or blood under your fingernails visit your nearest vybe location as soon as possible for an evaluation. Heart Muscle Disorders Risk Factors: Alcohol abuse, family history, viral infections that cause inflammation to the heart What is it? Cardiomyopathy or heart muscle disease makes it harder for the heart to pump blood and oxygen throughout the body. It causes the heart muscle to become enlarged, thick or rigid and makes the overall heart weaker. Cardiomyopathy can lead to heart failure or arrhythmias — if it becomes an issue where the affected individual’s quality of life is at risk, a heart transplant may be necessary. When should I seek medical care? If you are experiencing chest pain, fatigue, loss of appetite, bloating, swelling or abnormal heart rhythm visit a vybe center for evaluation and guidance — you may need to see a cardiologist. Heart Malformations Risk Factors: Heart malformations develop in utero and there is no known cause. What is it? Congenital heart defects, or heart malformations, are abnormalities in the structure of the heart. These occur while a child is developing in the womb and are generally discovered before a child is born. They are the most common type of birth defect and may not present with any symptoms until a child is older. A child born with a congenital heart defect can still grow up to live a normal life without cardiovascular problems. When should I seek medical care? If your child’s skin has a blue tint to it and they are experiencing shortness of breath, swelling or difficulty breathing take them to your nearest vybe center for immediate evaluation — you may need to follow up with a cardiologist or head to the emergency room if there’s a serious problem.
Getting To Know The Causes Of Mesothelioma Gone were the days when Methuselah enjoyed life for 969 years without even being stricken by a disease, that is so life-threatening. The big C, as we often call cancer, was never heard then. At this day and age, the ill-effects of our own unhealthy lifestyle plague us; of the environment, we thrive and varied toxic substances that we, knowingly or unknowingly take-in everyday. It becomes a bonus when we reach the age of 69, that is, by the way, 900 years behind Methuselah’s long life. Despite the age of scientific finds and technological advancement, it is an irony that life span is cut short by a staggering 93%. One of the primary causes of death in the 21st century is Cancer. The most- dreaded disease has overwhelmed the world with a record high of 33,900 deaths each year in the United States alone. Cancer is always believed to carry the “death sentence” most of which, we all know causes prolonged pain, agonizing effects on family members and results to untimely and painful passing away. Although the number of deaths caused by cancer in the United States has actually decreased for the very first time in a period of 70 years, (the early cancer records began in the 1930’s), the fact still prevails, Cancer is a dreadful disease, deadly and shattering. One of the rarest forms of cancer is Mesothelioma. As uncommon as its name suggests, this cancer starts its development from the methoselium, the protective lining of the body’s internal organs. The most common cause of Mesothelioma is the overexposure to asbestos. This just reinforces the fact that environmental factors are likely the distinguishing causes of cancer, basically from poor nutrition, too much sunlight, smoking, obesity, free radicals and air pollutants in the environment. Four parts of the body to which Mesothelioma take place are the following: pleura, the lungs’ outer lining and internal chest wall; peritoneum, the abdominal cavity lining; pericardium, a sac that surrounds the heart and the tunica vaginalis, a sac that covers the testis. People who suffer from Mesothelioma can trace back their life and exposure to asbestos and glass particles. Most often than not, these people are directly exposed with jobs using either asbestos or indirectly involved with them like washing clothes with a loved one exposed to asbestos or inhaling residue from a nearby asbestos company. Although Lung Cancer is largely related to Mesothelioma, smoking is not the main cause of this dismaying disease, but it still intensifies the plausible risk of it. The main causes of Mesothelioma would greatly comprise weight loss, loss of appetite, chest pains and shortness of breath. Although rare, Mesothelioma, when detected early can be countered with chemotherapy, radiation therapy and sometimes, surgery.
Write 10 lines about it. What are natural resources? Name few natural resources. Dear Student, Natural or Regular assets are materials from the Earth that are utilized to help life and address individuals' issues. Any regular substance that people use can be viewed as a characteristic asset. Oil, coal, gaseous petrol, metals, stone and sand are characteristic assets. Other characteristic assets are air, daylight, soil and water. Normal assets incorporate oil, coal, gaseous petrol, metals, stone, and sand. Air, daylight, soil, and water are other regular assets. Normal assets are assets that exist with no activities of mankind. This incorporates the wellsprings of esteemed qualities like business and mechanical use, tasteful worth, logical premium and social worth. • 0 What are you looking for?
Murals of Cacaxtla – Nativitas, Mexico - Atlas Obscura Murals of Cacaxtla These strikingly colorful paintings were created by a mysterious Mesoamerican civilization. Cacaxtla is one of the less-visited Mesoamerican archeological sites. As such, it’s unlikely you’ll see hordes of tourists while you visit. But you will, however, see a fantastic array of art. The civilization that settled Cacaxtla (often referred to as the Olmeca-Xicalanca) is an enduring mystery that has puzzled archeologists and historians since the discovery of the site. However, the paintings they created contain some characteristics that give clues as to who they were. The use of the color known as “Mayan blue” and the stylistic elements of the paintings hint that they were probably a culture related to the Mayans or of Mayan settler origin. The most notable mural portrays, in vivid colors, a battle scene between warriors dressed in jaguar skins and a group of enemies dressed as eagles. The victorious jaguar warriors are shown butchering the defeated enemy in gruesome detail. Unfortunately, the symbolism of this mural and whether it is a portrayal of an actual historic battle remains a mystery, despite ongoing archeological research to discern its meaning Another striking mural in the site shows two mysterious figures, thought to represent rulers, that have been painted onto columns. One known as “The Bird Man” is dressed in an eagle costume, carries a large staff, and stands upon a grinning plumed serpent that resembles a Chinese dragon. Archaeologists believe this entity may represent the god Quetzalcoatl. To the right of the birdman is a long-tailed bird known as the resplendent quetzal, a species that was sacred in Mesoamerica. The other column portrays a man dressed in the skin of a jaguar, similarly carrying a staff which droplets of water fall from. The jaguar man stands upon the back of a ferocious beast resembling a dragon-like serpent with the claws and spotted skin of a jaguar and is believed to represent a god associated with rain and fertility. A mural archeologists call “The Temple of Venus” is also painted on some columns. On the right side, a masked, blue-skinned, and scorpion-tailed male entity wears a jaguar skin kilt bearing a symbol of Venus. A cryptic blue female figure can be seen on the left column, also wearing a skirt featuring the iconography of Venus. The last mural to be seen in Cacaxtla is located on a stairwell and shows what is probably a deity associated with agriculture and the cultivation of maize anointing a field of corn. A quetzal is seen flying above the crop while a bashful-looking toad creeps through the stalks. Know Before You Go If arriving from Mexico city, go to the San Lazaro bus terminal (you can get there by metro) and take a TAPO bus to the city of Tlaxcala, which takes about three hours. If arriving from Puebla, go to the Centro de Autobuses Puebla (CAPU) bus terminal and take an Estrella Roja bus to Tlaxcala. Once you have reached Tlaxcala and disembarked from the bus, you will need to take a registered taxi to reach the archeological site, this is likely to take about half an hour and is relatively cheap. Entrance to the archeological site costs $60 Mexican pesos, including entrance to the museum. The site is open every day from 9 a.m. to 5:30 p.m. and is covered by a roof so you won't get soaking wet if it rains. Close by is another archeological site, Xochitecatl, comprising a small pyramid that although not as impressive as Cacaxtla is also worth visiting. Want to see fewer ads? Become a Member. From Around the Web
Preserving cultural traditions in Slovenia The coming of Spring is an important time in Slovenia, and local schools will play an even more important role in 2021 in preserving the traditions that mark this time of year, as Doroteja Kostanjevec reports. Our school and heritage My school, Markovci Primary School is located in the Municipality of Markovci in the small European country of Slovenia. Despite being a small country, we have one of the most unique cultural heritage celebrations in the world, known as “Fašenk”. “Fašenk” is the collective name for all events, and customs starting on the February 2nd and lasting till Ash Wednesday. It is therefore a festival that varies in length each year. All our traditional customs and characters have been kept for decades, handed down from generation to generation and are highly valued. Therefore, one of the main aims of our curriculum, is to teach the importance of preserving cultural heritage and traditions connected with it. Carnival characters and masks The most unique and popular traditional carnival character from Markovci is known as Korant. Korant represents a demon who chases away winter by jumping and making noise, bringing spring and abundance to the land. There is something mysterious and majestic about him. Korant’s outfit is called korantija. It’s made of sheep’s wool, and a colourful head mask that covers the whole face. Korants are usually accompanied by the “devil”. Almost every house in our municipality is a home of at least one Korant. There are also other mask wearing characters that emerge at Carnival in Markovci who appear either spontaneously or at Fašenk organised in the villages. This happens each year on Saturday before Fat Tuesday and it is attended by local mask wearers, children from our primary school and guests from other parts of Slovenia. Children during Fašenk Many children represent themselves in the mask of a cockerel, wearing a white skirt and another white shawl around their neck. Their head is covered by a conical cap, decorated with colourful ribbons. They ride a stick with a carved hen’s head at the front end and a wisp of hen’s feathers behind. They are accompanied by a donation collector with a basket and a rake in his hands. Such a group goes from house to house and wishes good crops and healthy hens and chickens for all. The hen is also a so-called ornithological mask and its arrival at the farmyard symbolises mainly good health and egg laying of hens. The frame of the mask is cylindrical in shape, at the front a hen’s head is attached, at the back there is a tail made of feathers. Young girls are usually dressed in fairy costumes with white dresses and a crown. One of them is the queen with the biggest crown. In the farmyard they form a circle and sing songs foretelling good crops. Parades and animals It is common in Markovci to lead the ‘bear’ on Carnival day. In the past, ‘bears’ wore dresses from sackcloth stuffed with hay, nowadays they wear costumes made of sheepskin. ‘Bears’ are accompanied by a drover who is dressed as a gypsy. Ploughmen bring hope for a good harvest. A group of ploughmen consist of six or eight ‘horses’, who wear black trousers, a blue apron, white shirt and a black waistcoat. They wear hats along with a colourful kerchief and black boots. The plough is followed by a Korant. Spearmen are boys and men wearing a black suit, white shirt, a tie and black boots. A bunch of flowers is attached to their hat with tricolour ribbons. They also wear tricolour ribbons on their shoulder and carry a spear with numerous colourful silk ribbons. They dance at the beginning of the procession. Rusa and Melika are zoomorphic masks of a horse or a cow. People who get dressed as Rusa wish to influence the health and fertility of four legged farm animals. At the time when the main parade in Markovci and Zabovci takes place, locals give a treat to passers-by, carnival groups and visitors. At the beginning there is an ethnographical section of the procession followed by many carnival groups from our villages which fill us with enthusiasm with their rich imagination and performances. What happens at school Whole classes of our school also dress up in traditional costumes and we all walk down the parade to show our devotion to this heritage too. Teachers put a lot of effort to motivate pupils with different workshops: we make, colour and sew masks. All these activities, inspired by our historical, cultural and ethnographic heritage, are a living way to encourage pupils’ identity development and sensitivity towards the arts and other special crafts. We believe that habits and tradition are important part of our identity and the spirit of each community. By being actively involved in all events and customs happening around Fašenk pupils learn to appreciate the value of our cultural-heritage. It is a great satisfaction when they are inspired and connected to what they are learning, and they will probably carry cultural heritage on for the next generations. Our role as teachers Our role as teachers is to motivate, to offer information and research the databases for pupils to be curious and informed about our customs. We invite special guests who explain, show and teach pupils about traditional customs and costumes. In this special part of the year whole families change into something else, they forget everyday worries and put their own piece into the mosaic of our tradition. This year, sadly, it is unlikely we will be able to celebrate our carnival in the usual way, and so there is all the more reason to keep our customs alive in school. Doroteja Kostanjevec is a teacher of Slovene at Markovci Primary School. She has a degree in translation and interpretation of English and one in Slovene language, while her diploma theses focused on local ethnography. She is also an editor of her local newspaper. We are grateful for permission for the use of the following images: Feature image by Aleš Gačnik Other carnival images by Kaja Krtistovič- Kaissa. You may also like
This article includes a list of general references, but it remains largely unverified because it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations. Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations. (September 2013) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: "Battle of Dufile" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (September 2013) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) Battle of Dufile Part of Mahdist War Date28 November, 1888 Result Egyptian victory Egypt Egypt Mahdist Sudan Commanders and leaders Selim Bey Umar Sālih 1,200 1,400 Casualties and losses Unknown 210-250 killed The Battle of Dufile was fought at the fort of Dufile, Uganda on November 28, 1888 between Mahdist forces and a garrison loyal to the Khedive of Egypt. This followed a three-day siege in which the fort was penetrated and members of steamer crews were killed in the harbour. The 1200 garrison troops were led by Selim Bey while 1400 Mahdists were led by Umar Sālih. The Mahdists lost between 210 and 250 killed and retreated from the area for a period. Before the siege began, news of the approach of the Mahdists allowed the concentration of troops from other garrisons at Dufile. On November 17, Selim Bey moved women and children to safety at Wadelai along with Emin Pasha and A.J. Mounteney Jephson, who had been confined at Dufile by a mutinous garrison since August 1888. Emin's departure by steamer for Wadelai that day was saluted by the playing of the Khedivial hymn and the firing of the fort's guns to acknowledge his restoration as the Khedive's Governor of Equatoria.[1] The bulk of the garrison who survived the battle were taken by Frederick Lugard to Kampala Hill, after Emin had abandoned them, following the entreaties of Henry Morton Stanley. Shortly after they arrived there in December 1891, they participated in the Battle of Kampala Hill.[2] 1. ^ Jephson, A.J. Mounteney (August 1890). Emin Pasha and the Rebellion at the Equator. Sampson Low, Marston, Searle & Rivington Ltd., London. 2. ^ Oliver, Roland (March 1951). "Some Factors in the British Occupation of East Africa, 1884-1894". Uganda Journal. 15 (1): 49–64. Coordinates: 3°33′59.9184″N 31°56′0.0024″E / 3.566644000°N 31.933334000°E / 3.566644000; 31.933334000
Saved by the Future Futuristic 'Flying-V' airplane makes successful maiden flight Amy Woodyatt, CNNUpdated 16th October 2020 Up next The Flying-V's unique design places the passenger cabin, the cargo hold and the fuel tanks in the wings, and experts hope that the plane's aerodynamic shape will cut fuel consumption by 20% compared to today's aircrafts. "The team optimized the scaled flight model to prevent the issue but the proof of the pudding is in the eating. You need to fly to know for sure," he said. Remotely controlling the aircraft, researchers managed take off at a speed of 80 kmh, while the aircraft's flight speeds, angles and thrust were as planned, they noted. Experts worked hard to optimize the plane: in order to improve telemetry, the team was forced to change the aircraft's center of gravity and adjust its antenna. There is still work to be done to refine the aircraft before it could take to the skies with passengers aboard: researchers said that the test flight showed that the aircraft's current design allows for too much "Dutch roll," which causes a rough landing.
Collisions between the DNA replication and transcription machineries (replication-transcription conflicts) appear to be common in eukaryotic cells. Although these conflicts have long been studied as a potential source of DNA damage and, therefore, a threat to genome integrity, we lack a detailed molecular understanding of how the presence of transcribing RNA polymerases on DNA affects the progress of replication, and of the mechanism(s) by which these replication-transcription conflicts give rise to DNA damage. Another consequence of transcription during DNA replication is elevated levels of ribonucleoside triphosphates (rNTPS) ? the substrate for RNA polymerases. Due to incomplete discrimination between rNTPs and dNTPs by the replicative DNA polymerases, large numbers of ribonucleotides are mis-incorporated into the genome during each round of replication; this burden is estimated at > 1 million ribonucleotides per cell division in human cells, making ribonucleotides by far the most abundant lesion in eukaryotic DNA. Mis-incorporated ribonucleotides are removed via the ribonucleotide excision repair (RER) pathway, and impaired removal is linked to several human diseases. However, it is not known how ribonucleotides impact chromatin ? the higher-order structure of DNA ? or conversely how chromatin affects RER. Furthermore, it has not been determined whether all ribonucleotides are equally amenable to repair or what may underlie differences in RER efficiency through the genome. The proposed work encompasses two ongoing projects: The first project addresses how orientation-dependent effects on replication progression and genome integrity arise at transcribed genes. To achieve this, we use a recently developed quantitative method to assay the movement of the replisome genome-wide at high resolution, in combination with genome-wide interrogation of DNA double-strand break formation and a novel assay to map nascent DNA strands in the context of an arrested replication fork. The second project uses a combination of genome-wide assays and in vitro biochemistry to delineate how ribonucleotides destabilize nucleosomes (the basic repeating unit of chromatin), how nucleosomes affect RER initiation by the RNase H2 enzyme, and to elucidate the dynamics of RER at all loci in the genome. The machineries responsible for DNA replication, transcription, and DNA repair are highly conserved throughout eukaryotes. Both projects will be carried out in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae: the small genome, rapid replication, and genetic manipulability of S. cerevisiae make this an ideal model in which to study the intersection of fundamental biological processes. Therefore, the results of this work will provide molecular insights into genome instability in humans, and will be directly applicable to our understanding of the etiology and progression of cancer as well as rare diseases including Aicardi-Goutires syndrome. Public Health Relevance Simultaneous replication and transcription of the same DNA template leads to collisions between the replication and transcription machineries, and to the incorporation of large numbers of ribonucleotides into the genome ? both of which may be a significant source of DNA damage in eukaryotes. One project will characterize the mechanisms through which two nuclear RNA polymerases responsible for transcription ? RNAP2 and RNAP3 ? impede replication, and the molecular basis for DNA damage at conflict sites. The other project investigates how ribonucleotides mis-incorporated during DNA replication impact genome structure and function, and how they are repaired. National Institute of Health (NIH) National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS) Unknown (R35) Project # Application # Study Section Special Emphasis Panel (ZRG1) Program Officer Reddy, Michael K Project Start Project End Budget Start Budget End Support Year Fiscal Year Total Cost Indirect Cost New York University Schools of Arts and Sciences New York United States Zip Code
Monitoring of Foetal Movements By Santiago Campo Women are recommended to monitor their baby’s kicks during their last trimester of pregnancy. Indeed, a baby’s quickening’s can give doctors substantial information concerning its health and development (Nowlan, 2015). The research group of Dr Nowlan at Imperial College London were able to find several correlations between foetal biomechanics and pre/post-natal conditions of the baby. Among the various research methods used by Dr Nowlan’s group is MRI scanning.  It can provide researchers with accurate representation of a baby’s activity in utero. However, it is a process that is rarely used clinically due to expense and lack of evidence of risks. MRI is a technique that allows the formation of a picture of anatomy and physiological processes at any point in time and hence can be used to monitor movement. It is based on the detection of the energy released by protons after a magnetic field is introduced to them. Indeed, this field makes protons align with it. After this alignment, the MRI technician sends a radiofrequency pulse that twists the protons into a 90- or 180-degree realignment with the static magnetic field. Because the protons are now pushed against their own nature, they will realign with the magnetic field as soon as the pulse is turned off, generating the release of energy. The MRI sensors are able to detect it and differentiate various tissues based on how quickly they are able to release this energy after the pulse is turned off (Murphy et al., 2020). Dr Nowlan specifically uses Cine MRI, which is a classic MRI with the addition of either a wristband or ECG leads on the patient’s chest to measure the heart rate (Pelc et al., 1991). In this setup, the MRI machine will also show the inward and outward flow of cerebrospinal fluid in response to the flow of blood entering and exiting the brain (Chaptinel et al., 2017). Dramatic changes in foetal movement patterns detected by the MRI are an important sign of foetal health. It can give indication to pregnancy complications or future risks. Biomechanical influences are essential for normal musculoskeletal development, close assessment can enable early treatment in some cases, or preparation for inevitable implications. It can help detect the future diseases and complications of the pregnancy that could risk the life of both the mother and the foetus or complications in the future. Another of its big impacts in society is the ability to give more accurate diagnostics and correcting wrong ones, which can help reduce the stress of the mother during pregnancy. A possible abnormality which could be detected is developmental dysplasia of the hip, leading to the need for hip replacement in adulthood. This can be a result of a restricted mechanical environment, inadequate amniotic fluid or the foetal breech position. Early diagnosis of this condition can allow early treatment with a fabric splint, or Pavlik harness. Without diagnosis, this may lead to the person living more cautiously, while stiffness and joint pain cause discomfort (NHS, 2018). Other pre-natal recognition of life-threatening or life-limiting complications, such as foetal akinesia, or arthrogryposis (both caused by abnormal biomechanical movements of the foetus) could lead the mother to abort the foetus. This promotes a society moving to look for perfection in children instead of accepting slight imperfections. An early diagnosis could generate anxiety in the patient and make her take early and premature decisions that would not be taken in a non-stressful situation. Foetal skeletal issues seem like insurmountable challenges. However, they can be aided by physical activity with a healthy lifestyle, and in some cases physiotherapy. MRI technology comes at great cost and is widely inaccessible. Ultrasound remains the common method of choice of foetus imaging due to its availability, safety, and low cost. Foetal MRI produces no known harmful effects, but long-term safety of radiofrequency fields and the loud acoustic environment are not yet fully understood. MRI can be challenging for claustrophobic patients and can cause increased anxiety; however, the process is very fast, eliminating the need for maternal or foetal sedation (Deborah Levine, 2006). MRI is a great resource for ectopic pregnancy. It is helpful in defining the level of peritoneal involvement for preoperative planning. I can also show the extent of uterine invasion, and the location of the vasculature supplying the pregnancy. It has also proven to be useful in evaluation of the foetal CNS, typically poorly visualized with ultrasound (Deborah Levine, 2006). Health issues are hardest to detect in the first trimester, the small foetal size is difficult to evaluate with MRI. Use during the first trimester of pregnancy has not been shown to increase risk to the foetus, however dividing cells are typically susceptible to injury, so use is minimised. MRI tends to be limited to late pregnancy or cases of oligohydramnios since foetal motion is lessened. MRI’s diagnostic accuracy can be improved with gadolinium, an intravenous contrast medium (Levine, 2006). Unfortunately, it could cross the placenta, to be excreted by the foetal kidneys into the amniotic fluid and recirculated by the foetus. Persistence of gadolinium could lead to nephrogenic systemic fibrosis in the child. Hence it is rarely used but is valuable to assess the placenta/myometrial interface in cases of placenta accreta. When performed just before delivery the issue of the long half‐life within amniotic fluid is greatly reduced. However, with possible risks including stillbirth or neonatal death, use of gadolinium is minimised (Ray et al., 2016). Currently Cine MRI scans are used for research purposes but are expensive and not widely adopted medically. A reliable, objective method of monitoring foetal movement patterns (FM) and biomechanical stimuli outside of clinical environments is not currently available. A system that is both wearable and non-transmitting, capable of sensing such biomechanical stimuli and FM would be undoubtedly invaluable, not only for monitoring individual foetal health and providing treatment necessary to avoid consequential problems at birth (as previously mentioned), but also for establishing the median/optimum levels of FM within the population i.e. as a means of medical research (Lai et al., 2018). Accelerometer-based, wearable monitors have been previously proposed as a method for tracking FM. However, a clear disadvantage of these systems would be the difficulty in distinguishing between maternal and foetal activity/stimuli. As a result, such systems have not yet matured to the level of clinical use (Lai et al., 2018).  A feasible way to improve these somewhat redundant systems is to combine alternate sensing methods so that the different types of stimuli can be differentiated between. Some solutions to address the current issues with MRI are further research into the definite risks involved so that these can be evaluated against their use, further investment into this technology’s development would increase accessibility by reducing its cost. Subsequently, the use of multimodal sensing is promising for the development of low-cost, non-transmitting wearable monitors for FM. Introducing a novel combination of advanced signal processing architecture together with bespoke acoustic sensors and accelerometers are able to discriminate and identify between different types of FM. Niamh Nowlan (2015). Biomechanics of Foetal Movements. AO Reasearch Institute (1-21) Levine, D., 2006. Obstetric MRI. Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging: An Official Journal of the International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine24(1), pp.1-15. Ray, J.G., Vermeulen, M.J., Bharatha, A., Montanera, W.J. and Park, A.L., 2016. Association between MRI exposure during pregnancy and fetal and childhood outcomes. Jama316(9), pp.952-961. Alorainy, I.A., Albadr, F.B. and Abujamea, A.H., 2006. Attitude towards MRI safety during pregnancy. Annals of Saudi medicine26(4), pp.306-309. Bulas, D. and Egloff, A., 2013, October. Benefits and risks of MRI in pregnancy. In Seminars in perinatology (Vol. 37, No. 5, pp. 301-304). WB Saunders. NHS website (2018). Developmental dysplasia of the hip. Murphy, A., Ekpo, E., Steffens, T. and Neep, M.J., 2019. Radiographic image interpretation by Australian radiographers: a systematic review. Journal of medical radiation sciences66(4), pp.269-283. Pelc, N.J., Herfkens, R.J., Shimakawa, A. and Enzmann, D.R., 1991. Phase contrast cine magnetic resonance imaging. Magnetic resonance quarterly7(4), pp.229-254. Chaptinel, J., Yerly, J., Mivelaz, Y., Prsa, M., Alamo, L., Vial, Y., Berchier, G., Rohner, C., Gudinchet, F. and Stuber, M., 2017. Fetal cardiac cine magnetic resonance imaging in utero. Scientific reports7(1), pp.1-10. Lai, J., Woodward, R., Alexandrov, Y., ain Munnee, Q., Lees, C.C., Vaidyanathan, R. and Nowlan, N.C., 2018. Performance of a wearable acoustic system for fetal movement discrimination. PloS one13(5), p.e0195728. Leave a Reply You are commenting using your account. Log Out / Change ) Google photo Twitter picture Facebook photo Connecting to %s
Original Article Molecular Epidemiology and Phylogeny of Crimean-Congo Haemorrhagic Fever (CCHF) Virus of Ixodid Ticks in Khorasan Razavi Province of Iran Background: Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a fatal disease caused by Nairovirus classified within the Bunyaviridae family. The virus is transmitted to humans through the bites of infected ticks or direct contact with viremic animals or humans. The current study aimed to detect the virus genome in ticks from Khorasan Razavi Province.Methods: One hundred hard ticks were collected randomly from 100 sheep in four different areas of the province. Collected ticks were kept alive and identified. All the ticks were analyzed for the presence of CCHF virus genome using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reactions (RT-PCR). Results: The identified ticks were belonging to Hyalomma marginatum (16% female and 6% male), Rhipicephalus turanicus (52% female and 25% male), and Dermacentor raskemensis (1%). The CCHF virus genome was found in Hyalomma marginatum (5% male from Taibad and Sabzevar region and 1% female from Taibad). Genetic analysis of the virus genome isolated from two regions (Sabzevar and Taibad) showed 100% identity. Conclusion: This study indicated that CCHF should be regarded as a risk-borne infection in this province. Therefore, special health management is needed to control this disease. 1. Swanepoel R, Struthers J, Shepherd A, McGil¬livray G, Nel M, Jupp P (1983) Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever in South Africa. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 32: 1407–1415. 2. Estrada-Pena A, Palomar AM, Santibanez P, Sanchez N, Habela MA, Portillo A, Romero L, Oteo JA (2012) Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus in ticks, Southwestern Europe. Emerg Infect Dis. 18(1): 179–180. 3. Donets M, Chumakov M, Korolev M, Ru-bin S (1977) Physicochemical charac-teristics, morphology and morpho¬gen-esis of virions of the causative agent of Crimean hemorrhagic fever. In¬tervi-rology. 8: 294–308. 4. Martin ML, Lindsey-Regnery H, Sasso DR, McCormick J, Palmer E (1985) Dis¬tinction between Bunyaviridae genera by surface structure and comparison with Hantaan virus using negative stain electron microscopy. Arch Virol. 86(1): 17–28. 5. Drosten C, Minnak D, Emmerich P, Schmitz H, Reinicke T (2002) Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever in Kosovo. J Clin Microbiol. 40: 1122–1123. 6. Hewson R, Chamberlain J, Mioulet V, Lloyd G, Jamil B, Hasan R, Gmyl A, Gmyl L, Smirnova S, Lukashev A (2004) Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus: sequence analysis of the small RNA segments from a collection of viruses worldwide. Virus Res. 102: 185–189. 7. Zavitsanou A, Babatsikou F, Koutis C (2009) Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever: an emerging tick-borne disease. Health Sci¬ence J. 3(1): 10–18. 8. Chinikar S, Ghiasi SM, Hewson R, Moradi M, Haeri A (2010a) Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever in Iran and neigh-boring countries. J Clin Virol. 47(2): 110–114. 9. Hoogstraal H (1979) The Epidemiology of Tick-Borne Crimean-Congo Hemor-rhag¬ic Fever in Asia, Europe, and Af¬- rica. J Med Entomol. 15(4): 307–417. 10. Saidi S, Casals J, Faghih M (1975) Cri-mean hemorrhagic fever-Congo (CHF-C) virus antibodies in man, and in domestic and small mammals, in Iran. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 24(2): 353–357. 11. Sureau P, Klein J, Casals J, Digoutte J, Salaun J, Piazak N, Calvo M (1980) Isolation of Thogoto, Wad Medani, Wanowrie and Crimean-Congo haem-orrhagic fever viruses from ticks of domestic animals in Iran. Ann Virol (Inst Pasteur). 131: 185–200. 12. Chinikar S, Persson SM, Johansson M, Bladh L, Goya M, Houshmand B, Mirazi¬mi A, Plyusnin A, Lundkvist A, Nilsson M (2004) Genetic analysis of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever vi-rus in Iran. J Med Virol. 73: 404–411. 13. Papa A, Bozovi B, Pavlidou V, Papadimitri¬ou E, Pelemis M, Antoniadis A (2002) Genetic detection and isolation of Cri¬mean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus, Kosovo. Emerging infectious diseases. 8(8): 852–854. 14. Whitehouse CA (2004) Crimean-Congo hem¬orrhagic fever. Antiviral Res. 64 (3): 145–160. 15. Chinikar S, Ghiasi SM, Moradi M, Goya MM, Shirzadi MR, Zeinali M, Mesh-kat M, Bouloy M (2010b) Geograph-ical distribution and surveillance of Cri¬mean-Congo hemorrhagic fever in Iran. Vector-Borne Zoonotic Dis. 10(7): 705–708. 16. Estrada-Pena A, Bouattour A, Camicas JL, Walker AR (2004) Zaragoza: Univer¬sity of Zaragoza. Ticks of domestic an¬imals in Mediterranean Region: a guide to identification of species, pp. 43–131. 17. Moming A, Yue X, Shen SH, Chang Ch, Wang Ch, Luo TL Rong Guo, Hu Z, Zhang Y, Deng F, Sun S (2018) Prev-alence and phylogenetic analysis of Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever vi-rus in ticks from different ecosystems in Xinjiang, China. Virol Sin. 33(1): 67–73. 18. Chinikar S, Ghiasi SM, Naddaf S, Piazak N, Moradi M, Razavi MR, Afzali N, Haeri A, Mostafavizadeh K, Ataei B (2012) Serological evaluation of Cri-mean-Congo hemorrhagic fever in hu-mans with high-risk professions living in enzootic regions of Isfahan Prov¬ince of Iran and genetic analysis of circulating strains. Vector Borne Zoon-otic Dis. 12(9): 733–738. 19. Tamura K, Stecher G, Peterson D, Filipski A, Kumar S (2013) MEGA6: molecu-lar evolutionary genetics analysis ver-sion 6.0. Mol Biol Evol. 30(12): 2725–2729. 20. Tahmasebi F, Ghiasi SM, Mostafavi E, Mo¬radi M, Piazak N, Mozafari A, Haeri A, Fooks A, Chinikar S (2010) Molec¬ular epidemiology of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus genome iso¬lat¬ed from ticks of Hamadan Province of Iran. J Vector Borne Dis. 47(4): 211–216. 21. Telmadarraiy Z, Ghiasi SM, Moradi M, Vatan¬doost H, Eshraghian MR, Fagh-ihi F, Zarei Z, Haeri A, Chinikar S (2010) A survey of Crimean-Congo haem¬orrhagic fever in livestock and ticks in Ardabil Province, Iran during 2004–2005. Scand J Infect Dis. 42(2): 137–141. 22. Garcia S, Chinikar S, Coudrier D, Billecocq A, Hooshmand B, Crance J, Garin D, Bouloy M (2006) Evaluation of a Cri¬mean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus re¬combinant antigen expressed by Sem¬liki Forest suicide virus for IgM and IgG antibody detection in human and animal sera collected in Iran. J Clin Vi¬rol. 35(2): 154–159. 23. Telmadarraiy Z, Moradi A, Vatandoost H, Mostafavi E, Oshaghi M, Zahirnia A, Haeri A, Chinikar S (2008) Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever: a seroepi¬de-mi¬ological and molecular survey in Bahar, Hamadan Province of Iran. Asian J Anim Veter Adv. 3(5): 321–327. 24. Asefi V (1974) Clinical study of 60 pa-tients with infectious and hemorrhagic syndromes in Azerbaijan (Iran). Iran J Pub Health. 3(3): 140–146 25. Ardoin A, Karimi Y (1982) A focus of thrombocytopenic purpura in East Azer¬baidjan Province, Iran (1974–75). Med Trop. 42: 319–326. 26. Chinikar S, Ghiasi S, Mirahmadi R, Goya M, Moradi M, Afzali N, Zeinali M, Feldmann H, Bouloy M (2008) Trend of Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever (CCHF) in Iran in Recent Years. Int J Infect Dis. 12: 324–325. 27. Yaser SA, Sadegh C, Zakkyeh T, Hassan V, Maryam M, Ali OM, Mojtaba GS (2011) Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fe¬ver: a molecular survey on hard ticks (Ixodidae) in Yazd Province, Iran. Asian Pac J Trop Med. 4(1): 61–63. 28. Ghorbani E, Chinikar S, Bahmani M (2010) Molecular analysis and se-quence of the small RNA segment of the Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (cchfv) in iran. J Biol Iran. 22(4): 704–710. IssueVol 14 No 4 (2020) QRcode SectionOriginal Article DOI https://doi.org/10.18502/jad.v14i4.5277 Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever; Ixodid ticks; Khorasan Razavi Province Rights and permissions How to Cite Maghsood H, Nabian S, Shayan P, Jalali T, Saboor Darbandi M, Ranjbar MM. Molecular Epidemiology and Phylogeny of Crimean-Congo Haemorrhagic Fever (CCHF) Virus of Ixodid Ticks in Khorasan Razavi Province of Iran. J Arthropod Borne Dis. 14(4):400–407.
Acetic acid lewis structure Acid structure lewis Add: kilulydu3 - Date: 2020-12-22 02:47:43 - Views: 1392 - Clicks: 7517 When they used sapa as a sweetening agent in their foods, the Romans ingested the lead acetate which, over long periods of time, caused the lead poisoningfrom which so many of them died. Data structures A data structure is a group of data elements grouped together under one name. These data elements, known as members, can have different types and different lengths. &0183;&32;Information Structure: The Given-Before-New Principle "It has been known since the Prague School of Linguistics that sentences can be divided into a part that anchors them in the preceding discourse ('old information') and a part that conveys new information to the listener. Symptoms of acid reflux may be a sign that stomach acid has inflamed your esophagus. Am Ind Hyg Assoc J 32(1):64-67. Fast delivery, and 24/7/365 real-person service with a smile. Log out and exit your web browser when you. 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Ascetic one who leads an austere life: an ascetic nun Not to be confused with: acetic – of, relating to, or containing acetic acid or vinegar: The wine had become acetic. ACETIC ANHYDRIDE reacts violently on contact with water, steam, methanol, ethanol, glycerol and boric acid. Acetic acid concentrations are not well reproduced in global 3-D atmospheric models because of the poor inventory of sources and sinks to model its global distribution. E-mail: 518, 1st Cuihu Road,Tongguan District, Tongling City, Anhui, China. Acetic acid otic (for the ear) is used to treat infections in the ear canal. Company Registered in England & Wales Company Registration No. It weakens trees and increases their susceptibility to damage from other stressors, such as drought, extreme cold, and pests. Vinegar is no less than 4% acetic acid by volume, making acetic acid the main component of vinegar. They also react, in solution, with bases and certain metals to form salts. It is usually submitted as part of a PhD or master’s, and sometimes as part of a bachelor’s degree. See full list on www. His poem The Hunting of the Snark (1876) is nonsense literature of the highest order. OrgAlso try:. For more information, see Create Structure Array or watch Introducing Structures and Cell Arrays. Jerry Lewis, American comedian, actor, and director whose unrestrained comic style made him one of the most popular performers of the 1950s and ’60s. Researchers are constantly looking for new, more efficient, more environmentally-friendly methods for making acetic acid. Acetic acid is a natural product resulting from fermentation of some foods. In Christianity, Francis of Assisi and his followers practiced extreme acts of asceticism. Find chemical and physical properties, biological activities, safety and toxicity information, patents, literature citations and more. Find the top 100 most popular items in Amazon STRING(gno-arts-crafts) Best Sellers. Cell Mentor. An acid is a substance that can donate a hydrogen ion (H +) (generally speaking, this will be a proton) to another substance. Kyle Alexander sides in Palm Coast, FL. STRUCTURETEC GROUP IS A CONSULTING & CONSTRUCTION SERVICES FIRM. Every structure type already provides an implicit parameterless constructor that produces the default valueof the type. Trifluoroacetic acid (3FA). Pure water-free acetic acid (glacial acetic acid) is a colorless hygroscopic liquid and freezes below 16. See more results. This declaration creates a new type (product), which is then used to declare three objects (variables) of this type: apple, banana, and melon. Through the years the cast of Inspector Lewis has featured Rebecca Front, Angela Griffin, Claire Holman, Jason Durr, and Steve Toussaint. The way you structure an organization is going to offer a. ; discriminating, cultivated, refined; concerned with pure emotion and sensation as opposed to pure intellectuality: an aesthetic actress. Axit axetic, hay c&242;n gọi l&224; ethanoic hoặc etanoic, l&224; một axit hữu cơ (axit cacboxylic), mạnh hơn axit cacbonic. Cell; Cancer Cell; Cell Chemical Biology. I currently work full-time for CORSAIR, creating lighting profiles for their RGB series of products. Structure of nearby and distant galaxies. And, with more acid, Copper nitrate, also a cited product, with the net reaction now being completely in agreement with noted Reaction R2 above. A base is a substance that accepts hydrogen ions. Every other acid is a weak acid. A process of separating two or more substances by boiling the mixture of which they are composed and condensing the vapors produced at different temperatures. You will learn how these data structures are implemented in different programming languages and will practice. A refstruct can&39;t be a type argument. Acetic acid, also known as ethanoic acid or methanecarboxylic acid, is a colorless liquid with a strong and distinct pungent and sour smell. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). If you are self-insured and don’t have enough reserves to cover your future claims liability, transferring the risk to a third-party warranty company is a smart risk management strategy that will safeguard your company’s assets, protect your resources, reduce your financial. The member access operator is coded as a period between the structure variable name and the structure member that we wish to access. A dissertation or thesis is a long piece of academic writing based on original research. Reaction with water is particularly dangerous in presence with mineral acids (e. This is my life. Macromolecular structures The three-dimensional structures of biomolecules provide a wealth of information on their biological function and evolutionary relationships. · Acetic acid, even at 1 percent concentration, is an effective antiseptic, used to kill Enterococci, Streptococci, Staphylococci, and Pseudomonas. Your group is. Tekla models can deliver LOD 500-the highest level of development possible-making them truly constructible. C (live) S (ta·ples) stey-puhlz, "Clive Hamilton", 1898–1963, English novelist and essayist. StrucSure recently paid out 0,000 for a covered structural defect claim. Structure Winkelmand bekijken “Conflict & Structure gesigneerd” is toegevoegd aan je winkelmand. 1 Product Result. Acetic Acid Production from Acetaldehyde. Structure in any organization is inevitable-- an organization, by definition, implies a structure. Its uses include inferring the presence of distinct populations, assigning individuals to populations, studying hybrid zones, identifying migrants and admixed individuals, and estimating population allele frequencies in situations where many individuals are migrants or admixed. PK a value for this acid is about 4. Structure ISSNonline) Research Journals. 6 %, which is comparable to those of. For consumption, an acid manufacturer typically drips the liquid onto absorbent, colorful paper squares called blotter papers. Synonyms for acetic in Free Thesaurus. You can&39;t declare a finalizerwithin a structure type. These compounds have serious environmental effects, however, and researchers have long been looking for alternatives that are as effective in removing snow and ice, but less harmful to the environment. The Lewis and Clark Expedition began in 1804, when President Thomas Jefferson tasked Meriwether Lewis with exploring lands west of the Mississippi River that comprised the Louisiana Purchase. It is a major phytocannabinoid, accounting for up to 40% of the Cannabis plant&39;s extract, that binds to a wide variety of physiological targets of the endocannabinoid system within the body. She is responsible for the strategic planning and direction of the Council's work programme and budget. There are no sources of acetic acid that arise from transport. The way in which something is arranged or organized. Asceticism (/ əˈsɛtɪsɪzəm /; from the Greek: ἄσκησις áskesis, "exercise, training") is a lifestyle characterized by abstinence from sensual pleasures, often for the purpose of pursuing spiritual goals. For example − Here, the packed_struct contains 6 members: Four 1 bit flags f1. " Chemical of the Week. The values in the table below except as noted have been extracted from online and hardbound compilations. Louis, Missouri, in May 1804. &0183;&32;Acetic anhydride, also called acetyl ether or ethanoic anhydride, is a compound with the chemical formula C4H6O3 and a molecular weight value of 102. Acetic acid is probably best known to most people as vinegar. The pungent smell and the sour taste is characteristic of the acetic acid present in it. Folic acid is a type of B vitamin that is normally found in foods such as dried beans, peas, lentils, oranges, whole-wheat products, liver, asparagus, beets, broccoli, brussels sprouts, and spinach. CAS number: 64-19-7. " htm (accessed on Septem). Zelens Z Hyaluron Hyaluronic Acid Complex Serum Drops Hyalurons&228;ure Serum ️ ️Versandfrei ab 24,95 € Gratis-Proben &220;ber 1. Hide Dictionary Entry Lookup Use this tool to search for dictionary entries in all lexica. The program structure is a free software package for using multi-locus genotype data to investigate population structure. ACETIC ACID ear drops are used to treat external ear infections, such as "swimmer's ear". In C, you must initialize a declared variable before it can be used. The Touch Up Reading Order. DevOps is not an end goal, it is an ongoing journey. The struct statement defines a new data type, with more than one member. - Commercial general contractors located in texas. Acetic anhydride. Acetic acid in the buffer solution will react with the addition of. You can pass a structure as a function argument in the same way as you pass any other variable or pointer. Denn alle Songs handeln von Beziehungen des Musikers und Orten, an denen er. Our Attorneys. Temporary stinging/burning in the ear canal may occur. 5 percent concentration) is also known as glacial acetic acid. Please enable it to continue. More Lewis videos. Current features including real-time pitch/tempo transposition, unlimited tracks, and our signature pick/paint/play interface all make the ACID Music. Maximize visibility and achieve your project portfolio management (PPM) reporting goals with Structure! In previous releases of ACID 6. Structure provides a simple interface which allows you to add attributes to your ES6 classes based on a schema, with validations and type coercion. The WBS is also used as the primary source of schedule and cost estimate activities. Derrick Lewis official Sherdog mixed martial arts stats, photos, videos, breaking news, and more for the Heavyweight fighter from United States. Family structure the way in which a family is organized according to roles. You can&39;t declare a parameterless constructor. A material that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without undergoing any change in its own chemical structure. Although it is classified as a weak acid, acetic acid is highly dangerous to skin. The official website for C. More concentrated solutions can be found in laboratory use, and pure acetic acid containing only traces of water is known as glacial acetic acid. Kevin Whately reprises his character Robert "Robbie" Lewis, who was Morse&39;s sergeant in the original series. Lewis, właściwie Clive Staples Lewis, pseud. Acetic acid undergoes decomposition when heated above 440°C to yield either methane and carbon dioxide or water and ethanone, given by the equations. 1 % v/v trifluoro acetic acid (TFA) for the preparation and use of the peptide ESO-1. For security reasons, please log out and exit your web browser when you are done accessing services that require authentication! &0183;&32;Applying acid stain to concrete can give new life to plain, and otherwise dull looking surfaces. Lewis Brisbois offers legal practice in more than 40 specialties, and a multitude of sub-specialties associated with each practice area. Screenwriter, Syd Field, made this ancient storytelling tool unique for screenwriters in 1978 with the publishing of his book, Screenplay. A good algorithm usually comes together with a set of good data structures that allow the algorithm to manipulate the data efficiently. 2 and later, see the following feature proposal notes: 1. Save on pet food with frequent buyer discounts when you shop at Lewis. In many types of music, the smaller sections consist of even smaller patterns like the ones you&39;ve been making, combined in multiples of four, eight, or 16 bars. Acetic synonyms, acetic pronunciation, acetic translation, English dictionary definition of acetic. For more information about features introduced in C 7. Compare Products: Select up to 4 products. The Lewis and Clark Expedition lasted for two and a half years. Acetic acid (CH 3 COOH) is the common name for ethanoic acid. Browse a complete collection of his books, sign up for a monthly enewsletter, find additional resources, and more. Transaction의 성질 - ACID 트랜잭션이란? · DESCRIPTION Acetic Acid Otic Solution, USP is a solution of acetic acid (2%), in a propylene glycol vehicle containing propylene glycol diacetate (3%), benzethonium chloride (0. Acid-free Golden Deep Preservationキット – -特大サイズ( Weddingガウン、キルト) 寸法: 32nbsp;/ &189;インチx 19インチx 10nbsp;&188;" ドレスをパックに必要なものがすべて含まれています。れています。これらのアーカイブ材質の選択が1nbsp;, 000. This method protects against upgrade issues, as the template files can be left completely untouched. At Lewis and Lewis, we provide Mexican insurance whether you plan to visit for a few months or just a couple days. Carl Lewis, as one of only four Olympic athletes to have won nine Olympic gold medals, is widely recognised as one of the greatest athletes of all time. 7 &176;C (62 &176;F) to a colourless crystalline solid. Believes that clothes — and how you make them — can make a difference. BR 〒福井市問屋町. Track and field athlete. What does acetic mean? · A Structure is a helpful tool to handle a group of logically related data items. Razz - Kill Yourself Dancing - Sunser records. Acetic acid is an organic compound with the chemical formula CH3COOH. Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen. The format of the struct statement is as follows − The structure tagis optional and each member definition is a normal variable definition, such as int i; or float f; or any other valid variable definition. Glacial acetic acid is a name for water-free (anhydrous) acetic acid. Acetic acid is also present in domestic or commercial solvents or aerosols. A person who leads an austerely simple life, especially one who abstains from the normal pleasures of life or denies himself or herself material satisfaction. Cloud Acetic acid and its substitution derivatives, chloroacetic acid, dichloroacetic acid, trichloroacetic acid, difluoroacetic acid and trifluoroacetic acid, are heavily used as building blocks for more complex compounds in organic synthesis. The first category of acids are the proton donors, or Brønsted–Lowry acids. The National Endowment for the Humanities provided support for entering this text. In this form, it is used as a condiment and a food preservative. LEWIS is a creative design and digital agency in Edinburgh. Like the benzoic acid the acetic acid is, no doubt, present in cananga oil in the form of ether. Information and translations of acetic in the most comprehensive dictionary definitions resource on. This circular geologic feature is thought to be caused by an uplifted dome—geologists would classify it as a domed anticline—that has been eroded to expose the originally flat rock layers. - Marlin (screaming) Nemo! Acetic acid undergoes nearly all carboxylic acid reactions. StartNew ' Version 1: use Structure. These include the Touch Up Reading Reader Order tool, the Order panel, the Tags panel, and the Content panel. These data elements, known as members, can have different types and different lengths. 2%) and Black/African American (34. F1, Music, Charity, TeamLH. At Morgan Lewis, we see our clients as partners. With Tekla Structures, you can create accurate, information-rich 3D models that have all the structural data you need to build and maintain any type of structure. Kevin Whately (The English Patient) stars as Inspector Lewis, the former working-class foil to the erudite Detective Inspector Morse. Structure binds members together. From Middle English Lewis, Lowis, from Anglo-Norman, from Old French Louis, from Frankish Hlūdawīg. Ha conquistato 7 titoli mondiali: nel con la McLaren e nel. He kicked off a new two-year contract in that pays more. &0183;&32;John Robert Lewis, the son of sharecroppers who survived a brutal beating by police during a landmark 1965 march in Selma, Alabama, to become a towering figure of the civil rights movement and a. Acetate of oxide of ethyl, Acetic ether, Pyroligneous ether; ther aceticus, L. Acid Pro is very much aimed at experienced audio editors so while it is easy to use you should be comfortable with very detailed audio mixing to get the most out of it. How did Meriwether die? - Kristen In earlier versions of Finding Nemo, the structure of the story was very different than the final film. Treating the infection reduces pain and swelling in the ear. Order NOW to avoid possible carrier delivery delays. The methanol is then treated with carbon monoxide(CO) to make acetic acid. Note: Pure compound is a solid below 62°F. Vinegar is a solution of acetic acid in water and contains between 5% to 20% ethanoic acid by volume. Acetic definition: of, containing, producing, or derived from acetic acid or vinegar \| Meaning, pronunciation, translations and examples. We are driven by our purpose: to deliver profits through principles to make an outsized impact on the world. Properties of Organic Solvents. Welcome to Fort Lewis College We are Colorado's crossroads of education and adventure. Registered Head Office Fifth Floor, Suite 23, 63/66 Hatton Garden, London EC1N 8LE. Je kunt ook zelf een definitie van Structure toevoegen. 备案号:皖ICP备. Information and translations of acetic in the most comprehensive dictionary definitions resource on the web. Acetic acid (aqueous), Ethanoic acid, Glacial acetic acid, Methanecarboxylic acid Note: Can be found in concentrations of 5-8% in vinegar. The effects of some drugs can change if you take other drugs or herbal products at the same time. "The creative freedom this piece of software has given me over the years has been incomparable. Also from Lewis Winch is the Lewis Multi Drill. , iron) to liberate hydrogen, reacts with bases to form salts, and promotes certain chemical reactions (acid catalysis). When the above code is compiled and executed, it produces the following result −. Because there are only seven strong acids, it is easy to commit the list to memory. CMA has been the most promising of these alternatives, and its production has produced a growing demand for acetic acid. Derived from Scottish Gaelic Leòdhas, of uncertain origin; traditionally referred to Old Norse Ljóðahús, from ljóð (“song, poem”) + hús (“house”); but may be related to the Pictish name of the island recorded in Ptolemy&39;s Geography as Λίμνου (Límnou). Acetic acid finds applications as a precursor for the production of numerous compounds including camphor, mono chloroacetic acid, photographic chemicals and diketene require acetic acid. Any property, including auto-implemented ones, must be read-only That guarantees that no member of a readonlystruct modifies the state of the struct. Though I may not be here with you, I urge you to answer the highest calling of your heart and stand up for what you truly believe. Vinegar is about 4-6% acetic acid in water. ELSE") or in loops (WHILE. Business structure: A business structure is a category of organization that is legally recognized in a given jurisdiction and characterized by the legal definition of that particular category. Lighting Designer, Content Creator and YouTuber. StructuredWeb enables global enterprises with innovative channel marketing technologies and services so they can drive scalable demand through 1000. See full list on en. At the end of the structure&39;s definition, before the final semicolon, you can specify one or more structure variables but it is optional. How long did the expedition last? It works by stopping the growth of bacteria and fungus. Acetic – of, relating to, or containing acetic acid or vinegar: The wine had become acetic. Moreover acid in the stomach plays a role in absorption of vitamins (Vitamin B12), the digestion of proteins, and initiation of peristalsis which causes the food to move through the digestive tract. Rafraichissez pour en voir une nouvelle. When bound to coenzyme A, the acetyl group of acetic acid is central to carbohydrate and fat metabolism. Our Structure Rotary is made up of three parts: our clubs, Rotary International, and The Rotary Foundation. Lindsay Lewis % KOMPLETT €159 5 effektive Warm-Up &220;bungen f&252;r die Stimme Verf&252;gbar bis. The structure of a text is the sequence of ideas it contains and how it is put together. Colorless liquid or crystals with a sour, vinegar-like odor. · Lewis and Clark Expedition. Examples are the organs in a body, or crystals in a substance like granite. Acids turn blue litmus paper red, have a sour taste, and have a pH of less than 7. Lewis Hamilton won the F1 title in, becoming just the second driver in history, after Michael Schumacher, with six championships. NO2$ This conversion has been speculated as. Similar to the German name Eisessig (ice vinegar), the name comes from the ice-like crystals read more. Synonyms of structure (Entry 1 of 2) 1 something built as a dwelling, shelter, or place for human activity the only structure on the island is an old Spanish fort—or what&39;s left of it. Because of this, when an acid is dissolved in water, the balance between hydrogen ions and hydroxide ions is shifted. Metal is supported through MoltenVK; eventually, DirectX will be supported in a similar way. Download our artpacks, read about our members, and get news. 1% acetic acid at Sigma-Aldrich. Secretary General. -Tel:www. Allies reformed the NATO Command Structure to create a robust, agile, and efficient command system. A flower has quite a complicated structure; the structure of a human body. Lewis Carroll, English logician, mathematician, photographer, and novelist, especially remembered for the novel Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland (1865) and its sequel, Through the Looking-Glass (1871). Acetic acid, systematically named ethanoic acid, is an organic compound with the chemical formula CH 3 COOH. &0183;&32;Village structures. Debt consists of borrowed money that is due back to the lender, commonly with interest expense. 10 months ago. A dovetailed iron tenon made of several parts and designed to fit into a dovetail mortise in a large stone so that it can be lifted by a hoisting. Of or relating to a financial security that uses a complex or unusual financial structure, usually including derivatives, to provide regular interest payments and exposure to specific risks. Cu c&226;t este mai mare concentrația ionilor de hidrogen produși de un acid, cu at&226;t aciditatea acestuia este mai mare și pH-ul soluției este mai mic. Secondary Structure refers to the coiling or folding of a polypeptide chain that gives the protein its 3-D shape. 翁智华流浪在程序员和艺术家之间. It is a colourless liquid that when undiluted is also called glacial acetic acid. FieldName. Lewis is Southern Africa&39;s single largest furniture brand which sells a range of household furniture, electrical appliances and home electronics. DI Robert Lewis teams up with DS James Hathaway to look into the murder of an Oxford mathematics student. A structure can be a skyscraper, an outhouse, your body, or a sentence. Structure types (C reference) ; 7 minutes to read; B; p; M; T; In this article. Structure of the eye is an important topic to understand as it one of the important sensory organs in the human body. In all other aldehydes, the carbonyl group is bonded to one hydrogen and one carbon group. – VAT No. 1 Product Result \| Match Criteria: Product Name Linear Formula: C 17 H 19 NO 2. You can also use a default value expressionto produce the default value of a type. If all instance fields of a structure type are accessible, you can also instantiate it without the newoperator. Traditionally, roads, highways, and airport runways have been treated with calcium chloride (CaCl2) or some other salt to remove snow and ice. The Secretary General is elected by the Parliamentary Assembly for a five-year term at the head of the Organisation. No text will make sense unless it is structured clearly. A structure is an arrangement and organization of interrelated elements in a material object or system, or the object or system so organized. PubChem is the world&39;s largest collection of freely accessible chemical information. Acetic acid with concentration of 1% has shown to be efficacious against wide range of bacteria as well as fungi, simultaneously accelerating wound healing. 90€ Add to Cart. Acetic adj adjective: Describes a noun or pronoun--for example, "a tall girl," "an interesting book," "a big house. When you pass a structure-type variable to a method as an argument or return a structure-type value from a method, the whole instance of a structure type is copied. In LEWIS, we have found a partner who understands our business and marketing objectives and can develop campaigns on their own initiative that are played out through various channels. The structure behind all polytheistic religions of the past and present is one and the same. We are agile, accessible, and transparent and we embrace market forces and your needs with the speed and precision you expect. Cool structures. For example: You want to store some information about a person: his/her name, citizenship number and salary. · John Robert Lewis, the son of sharecroppers who survived a brutal beating by police during a landmark 1965 march in Selma, Alabama, to become a towering figure of the civil rights movement and a. Vinegar is about 3-9% acetic acid. We use GOING TO to indicate intention (example: I am going to buy a car) and prediction (It's going to snow). Used of a test. The construction and arrangement of body parts, tissues, or organs. Acid reflux is a fairly common condition that occurs when stomach acids and other stomach contents back up into the esophagus through the lower esophageal sphincter (LES). Make your visions a reality with Structura. Html(accessed on Septem). Occasionally it is sold in liquid form. Deichmann WB, Gerarde HW 1969. See more videos for Lewis. Within a readonly instance member, you can&39;t assign to structure&39;s instance fields. May be congenital or acquired. A structure is a user-defined data type in C/C++. Because a structure-type variable can&39;t be null (unless it&39;s a variable of a nullable value type), you must instantiate an instance of the corresponding type. The older Decks always included at least one single new card, printed as an Ultra Rare. Structure / Structure. DIBENZYLAMINO-ACETIC ACID METHYL ESTER. " Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology, 4th ed. Acetic acid, systematically named ethanoic acid, is a colourless liquid organic compound with the chemical formula CH 3 COOH (also written as CH 3 CO 2 H, C 2 H 4 O 2, or HC 2 H 3 O 2 ). 8%) individuals. Acetic Anhydride is manufactured by Eastman and Sipchem and supplied in various grades and is implemented into a variety of applications. Nel ha pubblicato il suo album di debutto, Divinely Uninspired to a Hellish Extent, anticipato dalla hit planetaria Someone You Loved, che ha raggiunto il numero uno sia nella classifica britannica. A more recent use of acetic acid is in the manufacture of calcium magnesium acetate (CMA), a deicer. Acetic acid (uh-SEE-tik AS-id) is a clear, colorless liquid with a sharp odor. Display Name: Acetic anhydride EC Number:EC Name: Acetic anhydride CAS Number:Molecular formula: C4H6O3 IUPAC Name: acetyl acetate. Acetic acid is what gives vinegar its distinctive sour taste and pungent smell. Acids have a pH less than 7. Most of Acetic acid by methyl carbonylation synthesis. ACID (Anti Copying In Design) Ltd. For other uses, such as pesticides and cleaning products, it is monitored by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Aktionen Backen Drinks Ern&228;hrungstipps Rezepte. It is similar to a class in that, both holds a collecion of data of different data types. 11 de dezembro de / 0 Coment&225;rios / em Not&237;cias / por acid. Some data structures are useful for simple general problems, such as retrieving data that has been stored with a specific identifier. Acid definition: 1. &200; considerato uno dei pi&249; grandi piloti di tutti i tempi, nonch&233; (insieme a Michael Schumacher) il pi&249; vincente campione nella storia della Formula 1. Acetic acid (CH3COOH), also called ethanoic acid, the most important of the carboxylic acids. We cover why structure is important, provide a template for your presentation. You can specify the access level of a structure using the Public, Protected, Friend, or Private keyword, or you can let it default to Public. Acetic acid is a colorless liquid and has a strong pungent odor. Reference substance name: Acrylic acid EC Number:EC Name: Acrylic acid CAS Number:Molecular formula: C3H4O2 IUPAC Name: acrylic acid. &0183;&32;Lewis Hamilton deserves more respect from the British public for his achievements on and off the track, as he hopes to win the BBC Sports Personality of the Year Award for the second time Lewis. A structure type (or struct type) is a value type that can encapsulate data and related functionality. Lewis Capaldi (Glasgow, 7 ottobre 1996) &232; un cantautore e polistrumentista scozzese. For the past 10 years, legions of you have sought out ACID cigars in the far corners of the world to satisfy your craving for something truly one-of-a-kind, unique and inspiring. DSV is a global supplier of transport and logistics with offices in more than 80 countries. Over time, it can. Lewis is older, wiser and sadder, which unfortunately means that he is less fun to watch. Therefore, organizations must continuously measure the effectiveness of their DevOps team structure, roles, and environment. Data structure, way in which data are stored for efficient search and retrieval. ValueType and System. Un acid este o specie chimică care donează protonii sau hidrogen ionii și / sau acceptă electroni. STRUCTURE magazine is the premier resource for practicing structural engineers. However, you can initialize a static or constfield or a static property at its declaration. Lewis is most common among White (58. Buy 11 bags of dog Food 24 lbs & up or cat food 11 lb. Ethanoic acid; methanecarboxylic acid; vinegar acid. Definition of acetic in the Definitions. 1 bit flags can be compacted. Com CASAcetic Acid, ACS >90 % Percentages are by weight SECTION 4 : First aid measures Description of first aid measures After inhalation: Move exposed individual to fresh air. 9k Followers, 916 Following, 2,180 Posts - See Instagram photos and videos from KILLERACID acidgreen is a leading magento & shopify partner in Sydney. In C programming, a struct (or structure) is a collection of variables (can be of different types) under a single name. You can avoid value copying by passing a structure-type variable by reference. 2 in its liquid form. The business structure states who owns the company, how profits are distributed and which managers perform what jobs. Each field can contain any type of data. Find more ways to say structure, along with related words, antonyms and example phrases at Thesaurus. A structure array is a data type that groups related data using data containers called fields. Leading the way in meeting clients' employment, immigration & reward needs. Fashion & Beauty. 3,000 ACID loops and 90 virtual instruments create the base for creative music arrangements. Secondly, a clear structure helps the reader to easily read your post and grasp the core message. The manner in which the elements of anything are organized or interrelated: the structure of a poem; the structure of protein. For more information, see Write safe and efficient C code. Perhaps, less complex is to quote Wikipedia on the mechanics of the interaction between Nitric oxide and oxygen: When exposed to oxygen, nitric oxide converts into nitrogen dioxide: $\ce2. LSD trips can last several hours and can be very intense. ; discriminating, cultivated, refined; concerned with pure emotion and. ACID (atomicity, consistency, isolation, and durability) is an acronym and mnemonic device for learning and remembering the four primary attributes ensured to any transaction by a transaction manager (which is also called a transaction monitor). (shushing) This is a great example. Ticket brokers! In that case you must initialize all instance fields before the first use of the instance. Protein, or part of a protein, whose three-dimensional structure has been resolved experimentally (for example by X-ray crystallography or NMR spectroscopy) and whose coordinates are available in. THREE ACT STRUCTURE DEFINITION What is the three act structure? This can increase your risk for serious side effects or may cause your medications not to work correctly. Acetic Acid 99. Product name : Acetic Acid, 10% v/v (1+9) Product code : LC10190. If this effect persists or worsens, tell your doctor or pharmacist promptly. Observational programs to study these galaxies. Every organization is structured in some way, and that structure is determined by the organization’s objectives. , nitric, perchloric, chromic, sulfuric acid) Chem. Capellini A, Sartorelli 1967. A dot diagram, also called a dot plot, is a statistical chart consisting of data points plotted on a fairly simple scale. 🚚 FREE Shipping in the U. What does structure mean? This structure allows decentralized decision making, greater autonomy, more inter-departmental interactions, and thus greater productivity and innovation. A commercial law firm renowned for our work with creative, innovative & brand-focused businesses. 089: InChI Key: WFDIJRYMOXRFFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N: Synonym: acetic anhydride,acetanhydride,acetic. Treating the infection reduces pain and swelling in the ear. Moved Permanently. Acetic acid is a polar, protic solvent, with a dielectric constant of 6. This declares a structure type, called product, and defines it having two members: weight and price, each of a different fundamental type. Overdose: Overdose with this medication is unlikely even if swallowed. An acid is a molecule or ion capable of donating a proton (hydrogen ion H +) (a Brønsted–Lowry acid), or, alternatively, capable of forming a covalent bond with an electron pair (a Lewis acid). Instead he has his sidekick played by Laurence Fox. This unit was designed to be attached to the side of a chainsaw and to drive an earth auger in all. With lawn and garden, home essentials, and easy pharmacy pickup, we&39;re your first stop. Please select more than one item to compare. Carl Frederick Carlton Lewis, born 1961, U. Mehr dazu Diese Website verwendet Cookies. Demander maintenant. 0 out of 5 stars 4. Market Research Blogs Get Market Research, Business Risk & Industry Analysis Reports – Market Research Blogs Industry Verticals-20+ Our scope of market research study cuts across from several domains. We use cookies to give you the best possible experience on our website. Sara: In 1809, Meriwether Lewis died from gunshot wounds on the wild Natchez race, which is a road that goes from Natchez, Mississippi to Nashville, and people have been obsessed since then about finding out how he died. Run Songtext von Leona Lewis mit Lyrics, deutscher &220;bersetzung, Musik-Videos und Liedtexten kostenlos auf Songtexte. See full list on encyclopedia. Emerica Evil Tie Dye T-Shirt voor heren in de skatedeluxe skateshop. Online-Training + E-Book zum downloaden! When undiluted, it is sometimes called glacial acetic acid. This latest and greatest version of ACID Pro is a very welcome update on one of my secret studio weapons. Edison bulb butcher wayfarers pug. More Structure videos. 在线咨询销售客服1 销售客服2. Wat betekent Structure? See full list on docs. Medical Definition of acetic acid : a colorless pungent liquid acid C2H4O2 that is the chief acid of vinegar and that is used especially in synthesis (as of plastics) and occasionally in medicine as an astringent and styptic. Nossos Parceiros; Entre em Contato. It is similar to a Starter Deck, but is focused on a certain Type, Attribute, Archetype, strategy, or Yu-Gi-Oh! As found in vinegar, acetic acid is safe to eat and is found in such cooking products as balsamic vinegar, red wine vinegar, apple cider vinegar and more. Glacial acetic acid is a trivial name for water-free (anhydrous) acetic acid. DO) can be executed. : a process of oxidation in which alcohol is converted into acetic acid by the agency of bacteria of the genus Acetobacter, especially A. &0183;&32;Your site needs to have a defined structure, because without it, it’ll just be a random collection of pages and blog posts. Arrives before Christmas Only 13 left in stock - order soon. Much study has been done regarding the link between vinegar consumption and lower blood glucose levels. They are all built on the same foundation as Nature. When undiluted, it is sometimes called glacial acetic acid. · Used to save and load structures without having to use structure blocks. See the dictionary meaning, pronunciation, and sentence examples. Clive Staples Lewis /klaiv steɪplz 'lu:ɪs/ (Belfast, Irlanda del Norte, 29 de noviembre de 1898-Oxford, Inglaterra, 22 de noviembre de 1963), popularmente conocido como C. Acetic acid is an organic compound comprised of two carbon atoms, four hydrogen atoms and two oxygen atoms. You would use the keyword structto define variables of structure type. Any field declaration must have the readonlymodifier 2. 22 listopada 1963 w Kilns) – brytyjski pisarz, filozof i filolog. Beauty Fashion Parfumes. Browse videos. We offer coverage options for auto, motorcycle, second home, boat, medical, and more. Interroger la communaut&233;. Any of various usually liquid substances that can react with and sometimes dissolve other. Moorella thermoacetica can thus harvest photoexcited electrons from the PFP/PDI heterojunction, driving the Wood–Ljungdahl pathway to synthesize acetic acid from CO 2 under illumination. Acetic acid, also known as ethanoic acid, is an organic chemical compound best recognized for giving vinegar its sour taste and pungent smell. Aesthetic – relating to a sense of the beautiful; artistic: The decorator has a real sense of the aesthetic. Something, as a remark or piece of writing, that is sharp, sour, or ill-natured: His criticism was pure acid. The efficiency of this organic biohybrid is about 1. It always reflects the hierarchy of its parts. Anything composed of organized or interrelated elements. This product may contain inactive ingredients, which can cause allergic reactions or other problems. More details. Play with song structures. Com, the world&39;s most trusted free thesaurus. Miller's Home. You will learn to define and use structures with the help of examples. From full-service Lewis stores to convenient Lewis Family Drug locations, we have 57 stores and 2 long-term care facilities throughout South Dakota, Iowa and Minnesota. Our team of certified magento & shopify developers create eCommerce sites that convert to sales. What are synonyms for acetic? Acetic Acid,ACS Created by Global Safety Management, Inc. Acetic acid is non-toxic, inexpensive, easily available and efficient topica. An organizational structure is a system that outlines how certain activities are directed in order to achieve the goals of an organization. Test your structured data close. You can easily create different variables name, citNo, salary to store these information separately. The empirical formula for acetic acid is CH 3 COOH, with a molecular weight of 60. Com 19:48 18-Dec-20. Values for relative polarity, eluant strength, threshold limits and vapor pressure have been extracted from: Christian Reichardt, Solvents and Solvent Effects in Organic Chemistry, Wiley-VCH Publishers, 3rd ed. Acid(アシッド) ※こちらの商品は海外のお取り寄せの商品となりますので、お届けまで10日～2週間前後お時間頂いております。 ※サイズ表は一般的な参考サイズとなっております。商品やブランドによってサイズ感が異なりますので参考としてご活用ください。. How to structure a dissertation. HPLC Separation of Acetic acid, Chloroacetic acid, Dichloroacetic acid, Trifluoroacetic acid, Trichloroacetic acid View on hplc. Particularly welcome are contributions dealing with new developments or innovative applications of structural and mechanics principles and digital technologies for the analysis and design of engineering. (Diclofenac sodium, NCI Thesaurus) A water-based solution with 0. The acid thus generated attacks the enamel of the teeth, causing decay of the dentine. In programming, a structure is two or more variables of the same or different types that is. One common cause of acid reflux disease is a stomach abnormality called a hiatal hernia. Is there a recommended way to structure React projects? To declare a structure. Your dissertation is probably the longest piece of writing you’ve ever done, and it can be intimidating to know where to start. "Love my family and friends. Just as structure is a big part of telling a funny joke, it&39;s also essential to making a movie that has the emotional impact you want on your audience. Acid is an open-source, cross-platform game engine written in modern C++17 and structured to be fast, simple, and extremely modular. In that case the compiler creates a copy of the structure instance and calls the non-readonlymember on that copy. , reddens blue litmus paper), reacts with some metals (e. For example, consider the following code:. Acids are proton donors that yield hydronium ions in water solution, or electron-pair acceptors that combine with electron-pair donors or bases. With acetic acid to form acetic anhydride. Read the latest articles of Structure at ScienceDirect. Instances of a ref struct type are allocated on the stack and can&39;t escape to the managed heap. Acid is a colorless, odorless liquid. &0183;&32;Acetic acid is a popular health supplement and consumed in the form of vinegar, most commonly apple cider vinegar. Acid reflux is a condition in which acid backs up from the stomach into the esophagus and even up to the throat, irritating their lining tissues. In addition to pharmacies, our neighborhood stores feature convenient services, everyday basics and unexpected finds at great prices. OTHER NAMES:. Dean Martin et Jerry Lewis. Discover the latest beauty products and browse must-have electricals, including iPads and TVs. When that happens, stomach acid can damage the lining of your esophagus and cause bleeding. Firstly, it’s easier to write a text when your structure is already there. Our beautiful mountain campus in Durango, Colorado, inspires an active and friendly community, and offers transformative learning experiences that foster entrepreneurship, leadership, and creativity. , a platform of blocks generates beneath the building in a square‌ JE only or circular‌ BE only shape. Hieronder vind je 6 betekenissen van het woord Structure. Most people chose this as the best definition of acetic: Of, relating to, or conta. The Lewis Winch will pull 4,000 lbs. In a readonly struct, every instance member is implicitly readonly. Check your local listings. Today, NATO maintains personnel in 6,800 posts across. The Work Breakdown Structure is used for many different things. HOME DELIVERY: Kindly note that Structube will cover the delivery charge within a certain radius. The report is an economic study of the production of acetic acid by oxidation of acetaldehyde using metal catalyst, such as the naphthenate salts of manganese, cobalt, and chromium and air as an oxygen source. Pour a little into a cup, and apply to the spots with a swab, but be sure not to allow the acid to touch the hands. Acetic acid is the second simplest carboxylic acid. For more information, see the Structs section of the C language specification. 0 out of 5 stars 10. Definition of acetic in the Definitions. Remember that your doctor has prescribed this medication because he or she has judged that the benefit to you is. Acetic acid is corrosive, and its vapour is irritating to eyes and nose, although it is a weak. Acid reflux is a common condition that features a burning pain, known as heartburn, in the lower chest area. One type is the alpha (α) helix structure. The structure of GOING TO is: subject + BE + GOING + to-infinitive. The platform is made out of natural blocks such as grass, sand, sandstone, dirt, stone, and gravel. FETCH URL CODE SNIPPET. Use the ref, out, or in method parameter modifiers to indicate that an argument must be passed by reference. Otherwise, call a poison control center right away. Vinegar is no less than 4% acetic acid by volume, making acetic acid the main component of vinegar apart from water. Lew&39;s roots run deep into fishing history. Lewis is a British television detective drama produced for ITV, first airing in (pilot) then (series 1). React doesn’t have opinions on how you put files into folders. There exist also boxing and unboxing conversions between a structure type and any interface that it implements. 1990 in Erkelenz, Deutschland. Acetic acid will not treat an inner ear infection (also called otitis media). How to use structure in a sentence. Structure load Acetic anhydride \| (CH3CO)2O or C4H6O3 \| CID 7918 - structure, chemical names, physical and chemical properties, classification, patents, literature, biological. In this course, we consider the common data structures that are used in various computational problems. The document has moved here. Browse millions of royalty-free images, photos, graphics, vectors, video, illustrations, templates, 3D and editorial stock media, and premium content. Bit Fields allow the packing of data in a structure. Lewis University offers practical, goal-oriented education for undergraduate students, graduate students and adult learners through nearly 80 undergraduate programs and 22 graduate programs. Of, relating to, or containing acetic acid or. A structure allows you to do this in a single variable. It is widely used as an acetylating agent or in chemical synthesis. Experience STRUCTURE magazine at its best! When you open these files, you will notice they all contain hooks that allow you to add/move content without needing to edit template files themselves. Constituent 2. Killa Fonic - acid (Original Radio Edit) (new) Adăugat pe: 15-Dec- 07:44 \| De către: admin \| Descărcări: 0; Listă Taguri: killa, fonic, acid, original, radio, edit; Hip-Hop. Structura Inc. R438812 ; Aldrich CPR; pricing. The Inspector Lewis TV series finale is slated for Sunday, August 21 at 9:00pm ET. The SO 2 and NO X react with water, oxygen and other chemicals to form sulfuric and nitric acids. Structure definition, mode of building, construction, or organization; arrangement of parts, elements, or constituents: a pyramidal structure. A structure is something of many parts that is put together. Steps to Access Online Classrooms for 2nd Quarter (click here) Click here to view Lewis teachers&39; videos inviting you to learn more about their classrooms and programs. Acid is a ridiculously powerful drug. The organisational structure of Royal IHC provides an overview of who is in the Board of Directors and our organisation. An acid is a chemical species that donates protons or hydrogen ions and/or accepts electrons. It means the arrangement of parts. Not to be confused with: aesthetic – relating to a sense of the beautiful; artistic: The decorator has a real sense of the aesthetic. More news for Lewis. We have compiled a list of Acetic Acid suppliers in Australia, the companies that supply Acetic Acid for sale have a genuine Australian presence and include: manufacturers, distributors, wholesale, industrial, retail and bulk suppliers. Our dedication to service is the key to your successful and rewarding future. Soil structure describes the arrangement of the solid parts of the soil and of the pore space located between them. Acetic acid has a distinctive sour t. Typically, you apply the readonlymodifier to the following kinds of instance members: 1. It engages, enlightens, and empowers structural engineers through interesting, informative, and inspirational content. Download the free ACID Music Studio trial version and try loop-based music production for yourself. Our Structure The United Methodist Church does not have a central headquarters or a single executive leader. , 9-bit integers. Other articles where Acetic anhydride is discussed: ketene:. Acetic acid is an antibiotic that treats infections caused by bacteria or fungus. Brønsted. See more videos for Acid. They have been abandoned in a world adorned with concepts such as family, friendship, love, and opportunities. More Lewis images. Catch up on the ITV Hub Lewis is back after the death of his long-time police partner Morse. Lewis writes this song to a past partner whom he misses. With Charlie Cox, Sophie Winkleman, Colin Starkey, Jack Ellis. Ancient Romans boiled fermented wine (vinegar) in lead pots to make a sweet syrup called sapa. This group — often called the Corps of Discovery by. A structure may refer to buildings, machines and similar things made by people as well as to a rock or a mineral, atoms or sentences. Levi Strauss & Co. Having said that the free trial is there for you to get acquainted with these tools. I love chopping up edits and cutting remixes on ACID Pro and the new audio separation feature is a really powerful function. It is miscible in water and most organic solvents but insoluble in mineral oils and carbon disulphide. Unlike a lot of other food additives, acetic acid is commonly used in home cooking. StructureTec is a building envelope, pavement, and roof consultant specializing in the waterproofing and restoration of existing building envelopes, roofs, pavement and concrete structures. Gilbert Newton Lewis, n&233; le 23 octobre 1875 &224; Weymouth, Massachusetts, et mort le 23 mars 1946 &224; Berkeley, en Californie, est un physicien et chimiste am&233;ricain Biographie. Find your nearest John Lewis & Partners store. Structure definition is - the action of building : construction. C automatically packs the above bit fields as compactly as possible, provided that the maximum length of the field is less than or equal to the integer word length of the computer. Its chemical formula is C 2 H 4 O 2 or can be written. Data structures can be declared in C++ using the following syntax:. Acetic acid is used as a chemical intermediate and solvent with widespread applications throughout industry. In: Toxicology of drugs and chemicals. Andr&233; Merlino, Director Offshore Mission Equipment Responsible for IHC’s comprehensive mission equipment portfolio. Free shipping BOTH ways on structure clothing from our vast selection of styles. Therefore, that organizational structure shouldn’t be rigid, but efficient, flexible and possibly innovative. A refstruct can&39;t implement interfaces. · The most common forms of business are the sole proprietorship, partnership, corporation, and S corporation. More Acetic videos. There are several ways to do that. Acetic acid EC Number:EC Name: Acetic acid CAS Number:Molecular formula: C2H4O2 IUPAC Name: acetic acid. Before using acetic acid, tell your doctor or pharmacist if you are allergic to it; or if you have any other allergies. Discover the best Scrapbooking Storage Products in Best Sellers. Acetic acid has a distinctive sour taste and purgent smell. It is an organic chemical compound that has a distinctive pungent odor and sour flavor, recognizable as the scent and flavor of vinegar. To understand the complete oxidation of acetic acid. A refstruct can&39;t be the element type of an array. The Richat Structure of Mauritania has captured the attention of astronauts for about as long as NASA has sent humans into orbit around Earth. Dilute acetic acid may be used to control skin infections of antibiotic bacteria, particularly Pseudomonas. If this is not the case, then some compilers may allow memory overlap for the fields while others would store the next field in the next word. LSD stands for its chemical name, lysergic acid diethylamide, and is commonly called acid. Search results for 0. Phone:. The main goal of this study was to prove the suitability of acetic acid, in low concentration of 3%, as a local. C allows us to do this in a structure definition by putting :bit length after the variable. Official site of British Formula 1 Racing Car Driver Lewis Hamilton. Acetic acid lewis structure email: [email protected] - phone:(747) 606-5292 x 6257 Aftershock alcohol - Boobs triangle -> Six flags nj weather -> Square root of 108 Acetic acid lewis structure - Asujewelry Sitemap 1 Square root of 120 - Bangs ugly
Skip to Main Content Skip Nav Destination Georgia, the westernmost part of the southern Caucasus, is located at the junction of the European and Asiatic branches of the Alpine-Himalayan orogenic belt and represents a unique area where the Tethys Ocean was completely closed only in the late Cenozoic as a result of prolonged convergence between the Eurasian and Africa-Arabian plates. During the Neoproterozoic–early Cenozoic, the territory of Georgia and the adjacent area of the Caucasus were parts of the Tethys Ocean and its northern margin. The Tethys was not a single continuous oceanic plate, but rather developed in branches separating continental terranes of different sizes, which rifted and drifted away from the Gondwana margin and eventually collided with Laurasia. Prior to the final collision in the late Cenozoic, the region hosted systems of islandarc, intra-arc, and back-arc basins located between the East European continent and the oceanic basins of the Tethys. Integrative geological and paleogeographical studies show a collage of several tectonic units (terranes) in Georgia and adjoining areas that have distinctive geological histories with marine Tethyan, Eurasian, or Gondwanan affinities. These include the Scythian platform, the Great Caucasus, the Transcaucasus-Pontides, and the Lesser Caucasus–Alborz–West Iran regions. Their position between the Africa-Arabian and Eurasiatic continents provides a reason for grouping them into the Northern Tethyan (Eurasian) and Southern Tethyan (Gondwanan) domains. The Scythian platform, Great Caucasus, and Transcaucasus-Pontian belts are of North Tethyan origin, while Anatolia, Taurus, Iran, and the southern Lesser Caucasus belong to the South Tethys. The Arabia-Nubian Shield, at the end of the Proterozoic, experienced basement consolidation related to the final stages of the Pan-African cycle of tectogenesis. In contrast to the southern Lesser Caucasus (Daralagöz), the Transcaucasus did not undergo this process because it broke away from the Arabia-Nubia Shield and, during Cambrian–Devonian times, drifted deep into the Prototethys toward the northern (Baltica) continent. During the early–middle Paleozoic, in the wake of northward-migrating Gondwanan fragments, the Paleotethyan basin formed, and, in the Ordovician, along its border with the Transcaucasus, subduction of oceanic crust occurred, accompanied by suprasubduction volcanic eruptions. Northward migration of the Transcaucasus throughout the Paleozoic caused narrowing of the Prototethys and its transformation into an oceanic back-arc (Dizi) basin. Fragments of Paleotethyan crust are found along the southern border of the Transcaucasus, within accretionary complexes of the Lesser Caucasus ophiolite suture, and in the Pontides. Relicts of Paleotethyan crust crop out in Iranian Garadagh. During the late Paleozoic–early Mesozoic, the oceanic basin separating the Africa-Arabian continent from the Taurus-Anatolian-Iranian platformal domain gradually extended. During this phase, only the Central Iranian terrane separated from Gondwana, drifted northward, and collided with the Eurasian continent in the Late Triassic. The Taurus-Anatolian terranes separated from Gondwana later, in the Early–Middle Jurassic. During the Mesozoic–Cenozoic, Daralagöz represented the northwesternmost margin of the Central Iranian platform and was separated from the North Anatolian platform by an oceanic or back-arc basin (Khoy basin), which within the modern structure is represented by Mesozoic–Cenozoic ophiolites of Urumieh-Khoy and Van. The Paleozoic–Paleogene evolution of the North Tethyan domain was marked by major magmatic events corresponding to the Pacific-type and Mediterranean stages of Tethyan development. The precollisional magmatic assemblages reflect a variety of paleogeographic environments. They are indicative of a west Pacific-type oceanic setting in which a mature, Andean-type continental arc developed. There were several episodes of oceanic lithospheric obduction onto the continental terranes of the region; these included (1) the middle–late Paleozoic, during which basite-ultrabasite complexes were thrust over the island-arc system of the Transcaucasus and the Main Range zone of the Great Caucasus; (2) pre–Late Triassic obduction in the Lesser Caucasus; and (3) pre–Late Jurassic obduction during which ultrabasic rocks were thrust over the continental block of the Artvin-Bolnisi zone. The metabasites apparently represent Paleotethyan fragments. Final closing of the oceanic and back-arc basins, head-on continent-continent collision, topographic inversion, and formation of the present-day structures in Georgia and adjacent countries took place in the late Cenozoic. You do not currently have access to this chapter. Figures & Tables Citing Books via Close Modal or Create an Account Close Modal Close Modal
This is a legacy of note and, it should now be noted, a practical one at that. For instance, leisure plays an important role in therapeutic recreation, art-science-heritage administration (especially through volunteering), tourism and tourist events, ethnic lifestyles, aging and retirement, among other areas of modern life. The broad images of leisure seem not to have a geographic basis. That is, leisure is generally seen as fun, planned, or spontaneous or unwanted, frivolous, or a waste of time. As such, the common sense images are a distinct part of a society’s culture. Within that society there will be patterns of leisure activity evident across demographic lines: social-class, religion, gender, occupation, age, and the like. The common sense images have implications for higher education and government. Space Common sense Culture Demographic correlates Higher education Government Leisure 1. Breeze, M. (2015). Seriousness and women’s roller derby: Gender, organization, and ambivalence. Houndmills, UK: Palgrave Macmillan.Google Scholar 2. Oldenburg, R. (1999). The great good places: Cafés, coffee shops, bookstores, bars, hair salons and other hangouts at the heart of a community. Philadelphia, PA: Da Capo.Google Scholar 3. Stebbins, R. A. (2009b). New leisure and leisure customization. World Leisure Journal, 51(2), 78–84.CrossRefGoogle Scholar 4. Wearing, S. (2001). Volunteer tourism: Experiences that make a difference. Wallingford, UK: CABI.CrossRefGoogle Scholar Copyright information © The Author(s) 2017 Authors and Affiliations 1. 1.Department of SociologyUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryCanada Personalised recommendations
In order for renewable energy projects to gain traction on a larger scale in the United States, significant investments need to go into building the required underlying infrastructure, including a green sustainable grid across the country. Eminent domain, the government’s right to expropriate private property for public use with just compensation, has historically been the go-to tool for the fossil fuel industry to build and expand its vast network of pipelines by obtaining the parcels of land needed to build the pipeline. Eminent domain is a controversial concept and has been a popular target for environmentalists looking to slow the expansion of the fossil fuel pipelines. Recent examples include the PennEast Pipeline, the Atlantic Coast Pipeline and the Dakota Access Pipeline. This legal concept, however, might soon become an asset for those same climate activists looking to push renewable-friendly policies. In order to achieve the ambitious goals the Biden administration recently announced, infrastructure will need to be built to transport renewable energy from where it is produced to where it is needed. Unlike oil and gas, electricity can only be transmitted through electric transmission lines, thus the need to build interstate power lines on a national scale. For eminent domain to be valid, the project must serve a public purpose for the community where the land is being appropriated. In the case of interstate power lines, however, the lines in question will likely be carrying energy through one state to power another destination, which limits the validity of the eminent domain argument. In comparison, companies building natural gas pipelines obtain their eminent domain authority at the federal level, through the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission. Once approved, they are granted eminent domain authority in any state they need to build through, rather than having to go through the laborious state-by-state process. Soon enough, eminent domain policies will have to evolve to align with renewable energy policies in order for a complete overhaul of the grid system to be attainable. State and federal lawmakers will eventually have to address the issue by having to revise the definition of “public use” to account for transmission lines transporting renewable electricity. For more information on this issue, please reach out to George Khoukaz or another member of our wind or solar teams.
Nursery- exploring past and present and traditional tales. This week the children compared the past and present playing with some very old toys. They compared present toy cars with past toy cars and explored the different types of toys children played with in the past. The children also continued to enjoy our focus on traditional tales and during our adult input built the 3 little pigs strong houses made from duplo bricks. There was no chance of the big bad wolf being able to blow those houses down!
Insider logo The word "Insider". My kids pretend to give each other vaccines and play other pandemic-themed games. Should I be concerned? children covid-19 vaccine Francine Orr / Los Angeles Times via Getty Images • It's normal and healthy for kids to express their emotions and process experiences through play. • Play with them to correct misconceptions, encourage their interests, and work through their fears. • Pregnant or parenting with questions? Submit your question to Anna anonymously here for nonjudgmental answers. • Visit Insider's homepage for more stories. Dear Anna, My kids, 4 and 6, are obsessed with COVID-related games. First, they did things like pretend to be sick and take each other's temperature. Now they're dishing out fake vaccines to stuffed animals. It seems harmless, but I wonder how long this will last. I'm eager for them to go back to playing "zoo" and "school," and worry that they'll offend someone in public by demanding they keep "social distance" or put on masks, even when those mandates are fully lifted. Are other parents experiencing this? Elyse, Tacoma Dear Elyse, To answer your last question first: Yes. I polled my parent friends on Facebook, and heard about "mask" being one of a 1-year-old's first words, a toddler who sleeps with a thermometer instead of a stuffed animal, and girls your kids' age who make masks for their "My Little Ponies." The Atlantic's Kate Cray has written about kids playing "coronavirus tag" and other pandemic-themed games, most of them safe. Play is a healthy, normal way for kids to process their emotions and what's going on in the world, Roseann Capanna-Hodge, an educational psychologist in Connecticut, told me. "Anything they witness, good or bad, will often show up in their play," she said. That means, as the world around them changes and they see zoo animals instead of drive-through vaccine lots, their play should morph too. There are also ways you can facilitate that shift, but be careful not to move past what their actions are trying to tell you. "We always want to pay attention to kids' behaviors because it's our window to what they're actually thinking and feeling," Capanna-Hodge said. "Younger kids don't always have the words." Help guide the narrative in a factual way While you may want to plug your ears the next time your kids are "playing COVID," getting involved is actually the best way to teach them how the pandemic is affecting our world and alleviate any fears their actions may be revealing. "Parents often think they can talk to kids, but that's not their language it's play," Capanna-Hodge said. If they're demanding their stuffed animals wear masks, for example, you could suggest having a picnic with the toys outside, and explaining why masks are safe to come off in that situation. "Even though COVID is a really scary thing, once you actively have them doing activities showing them what's going on, it takes the fear out of it," internist Dr. Mary Mason told me. So does fact-checking in an age-appropriate way. If they're pretending to drop dead after "catching COVID," for example, use the opportunity to talk about how the disease can be dangerous, but most people stay healthy — especially if they've gotten a shot. "It's really important parents make sure kids have the facts correct," Mason said. It can be a launching point to encourage new interests Mason says there's a silver lining here. The pandemic has piqued kids' interest in science and medicine, just as it's inspired a crop of young adults to pursue medical school "If kids are role playing around a scientific topic, even if it's the pandemic, that's a great opportunity to start introducing other things," Mason said. Maybe that means doing simple science experiments instead of just doling out fake shots, or playing veterinarian rather than only playing doctor. Her organization "Little Medical School" makes toys and offers programs and camps that foster interest in STEM careers. It can signal distress if it's destructive or they seem fixated on one story line Capanna-Hodge said there are some forms of play to look out for like "repetitive themes that reflect unresolved issues." For instance, if you've recovered from a mild case of COVID but your child pretends to be mommy on her deathbed, they likely still have anxiety over the situation. Try to play out the narrative with them, perhaps by using a "mama bear" stuffed animal and explaining she used to be sick, but now feels much better. What you shouldn't do is say "Don't worry about it!" Capanna-Hodge said. Another red flag is destructive behavior. This may signal that a child is struggling to express their emotions. Helping them use dolls to play out what they're feeling may help here too, Capanna-Hodge said. Don't hesitate to enlist the help of your pediatrician or a therapist. And finally, take stock of your own mental health. Parents, and especially moms, of young kids are understandably burnt out. Support systems, self-care rituals, and therapy (if necessary and possible) are all critical. Your children will pick up on how you are or aren't managing stress, Capanna-Hodge said, "and regulate their emotions the same way." Senior health reporter Anna Medaris Miller is here to answer all of your questions about pregnancy and parenting— especially the ones you don't want to bring to your doctor or even friends. As a journalist covering women's health for more than a decade, she'll mine the research, consult a range of experts, and give you the key takeaways. Submit your question anonymously to Anna here
Milk Boiling Tips It is Okay to Boil Milk Before Drinking! According to the Department of Food Science in Cornell University, pasteurised or boiled milk has a longer shelf life than raw milk, contrary to the myth that boiling milk will not reduce its lactose content. Raw milk may harbour E.coli, salmonella and other harmful bacteria. What happens to milk when you boil it? With sauces and soups containing milk, boiling or simmering can cause the milk to curdle, which is not particularly appetizing (although it is safe to eat). Without getting too complicated, milk is basically an emulsion of butterfat, proteins, and water. Can you boil milk? Boiling raw milk kills microbes and makes the milk safe to drink. Pasteurized milk is safe to drink cold, but boiling may extend its shelf life. If you just need to heat milk for cooking or to enjoy a warm cup, scalding it is faster and easier.
V4L2 and media controller V4L2 and media controller How a system may look like (borrowed from the Linux kernel documentation) Media controller imx219 1-0010 The entity has one sink pad. Capture video stream from sensor 1. Create links between the needed entities 2. Configure pads to hold the correct image format Configure pads export fmt=SRGGB8_1X8/640x480 Stream to framebuffer Parsing command line options Parsing command line options Command line options A typical UNIX command takes options in the following form command [option] arguments Example on single option ls -l Example on grouped options ls -lI hidden . Long options Example using getopt_long() • has_arg • flag • val to by flag. Example code Example code #include <unistd.h> #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <getopt.h> struct arguments int a; int b; int c; int area; int perimeter; void print_usage() { int opt= 0; struct arguments arguments; /* Default values. / arguments.a = -1; arguments.b = -1; arguments.c = -1; arguments.area = 0; arguments.perimeter = 0; static struct option long_options[] = { {0, 0, 0, 0 } int long_index =0; long_options, &long_index )) != -1) { switch (opt) { case 'A': arguments.area = 1; case 'p': arguments.perimeter = 1; case 'a': arguments.a = atoi(optarg); case 'b': arguments.b = atoi(optarg); case 'c': arguments.c = atoi(optarg); default: print_usage(); if (arguments.area) { arguments.area = (arguments.aarguments.b)/2; if (arguments.perimeter) { arguments.perimeter = arguments.a + arguments.b + arguments.c; return 0; Example of usages Full example with short options Area: 6 Perimeter: 12 Missing -c option Full example with long options Area: 6 Perimeter: 12 Invalid options ./getopt: invalid option -- 'j' Full example with mixed syntaxes Area: 6 Perimeter: 12 Example using argp() const char argp_program_version = Triangle 1.0"; const char argp_program_bug_address = "<[email protected]>"; struct argp_option • const char name • int key • const char arg • int flags • const char doc Example code Example code with little more comments #include <stdlib.h> #include <argp.h> const char argp_program_version = "Triangle 1.0"; /* Program documentation. / static char doc[] = "Triangle example"; / A description of the arguments we accept. / static char args_doc[] = "ARG1 ARG2"; / The options we understand. / static struct argp_option options[] = { { 0 } / Used by main to communicate with parse_opt. / struct arguments int a; int b; int c; int area; int perimeter; / Parse a single option. / switch (key) { case 'a': arguments->a = atoi(arg); case 'b': arguments->b = atoi(arg); case 'c': arguments->c = atoi(arg); case 'p': arguments->perimeter = 1; case 'A': arguments->area = 1; return ARGP_ERR_UNKNOWN; return 0; / Our argp parser. / main (int argc, char argv) struct arguments arguments; / Default values. / arguments.a = -1; arguments.b = -1; arguments.c = -1; arguments.area = 0; arguments.perimeter = 0; / Parse our arguments; every option seen by parse_opt will * be reflected in arguments. / if (arguments.area) { arguments.area = (arguments.aarguments.b)/2; if (arguments.perimeter) { arguments.perimeter = arguments.a + arguments.b + arguments.c; return EXIT_SUCCESS; Example of usages Usage: argp [OPTION...] ARG1 ARG2 Triangle example -A, --area Calculate area -p, --perimeter Calculate perimeter -?, --help Give this help list --usage Give a short usage message -V, --version Print program version Mandatory or optional arguments to long options are also mandatory or optional for any corresponding short options. Report bugs to <[email protected]>. Version information Triangle 1.0 Embedded Linux Conference 2019 Embedded Linux Conference 2019 The conference The talks So, Gardena, Keep up the good work! For example, consider the following output linux-vdso.so.1 (0x00007ffece29e000) libreadline.so.7 => /usr/lib/libreadline.so.7 (0x00007fc9b82d1000) libdl.so.2 => /usr/lib/libdl.so.2 (0x00007fc9b80cd000) libc.so.6 => /usr/lib/libc.so.6 (0x00007fc9b7d15000) libncursesw.so.6 => /usr/lib/libncursesw.so.6 (0x00007fc9b7add000) /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 (0x00007fc9b851f000) libtinfo.so.6 => /usr/lib/libtinfo.so.6 (0x00007fc9b78b1000) Consider the following example $ LD_PRELOAD=/usr/lib/libSegFault.so LD_TRACE_LOADED_OBJECTS=1 /bin/bash linux-vdso.so.1 (0x00007ffc73f61000) /usr/lib/libSegFault.so (0x00007f131c234000) libreadline.so.7 => /usr/lib/libreadline.so.7 (0x00007f131bfe6000) libdl.so.2 => /usr/lib/libdl.so.2 (0x00007f131bde2000) libc.so.6 => /usr/lib/libc.so.6 (0x00007f131ba2a000) libncursesw.so.6 => /usr/lib/libncursesw.so.6 (0x00007f131b7f2000) /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 (0x00007f131c439000) libtinfo.so.6 => /usr/lib/libtinfo.so.6 (0x00007f131b5c6000) Here we have preloaded libSegFault and it is listed in second place. In the first place we have linux-vdso.so.1 which is a Virtual Dynamic Shared Object provided by the Linux kernel. The VDSO deserves it's own separate blog post, it is a cool feature that maps kernel code into the a process's context as a .text segment in a virtual library. libSegFault in action Our application void handle_uranium(char rod) rod = 0xAB; void start_reactor() char rod = 0x00; int main() The symptom Use libSegFault Start the application with libSegFault preloaded and examine the dump: $ LD_PRELOAD=/usr/lib/libSegFault.so ./powerplant ** Segmentation fault Register dump: RAX: 0000000000000000 RBX: 0000000000000000 RCX: 0000000000000000 RDX: 00007ffdf6aba5a8 RSI: 00007ffdf6aba598 RDI: 0000000000000000 RBP: 00007ffdf6aba480 R8 : 000055d2ad5e16b0 R9 : 00007f98534729d0 R10: 0000000000000008 R11: 0000000000000246 R12: 000055d2ad5e14f0 R13: 00007ffdf6aba590 R14: 0000000000000000 R15: 0000000000000000 RSP: 00007ffdf6aba480 RIP: 000055d2ad5e1606 EFLAGS: 00010206 CS: 0033 FS: 0000 GS: 0000 Trap: 0000000e Error: 00000006 OldMask: 00000000 CR2: 00000000 FPUCW: 0000037f FPUSW: 00000000 TAG: 00000000 RIP: 00000000 RDP: 00000000 ST(0) 0000 0000000000000000 ST(1) 0000 0000000000000000 ST(2) 0000 0000000000000000 ST(3) 0000 0000000000000000 ST(4) 0000 0000000000000000 ST(5) 0000 0000000000000000 ST(6) 0000 0000000000000000 ST(7) 0000 0000000000000000 mxcsr: 1f80 XMM0: 00000000000000000000000000000000 XMM1: 00000000000000000000000000000000 XMM2: 00000000000000000000000000000000 XMM3: 00000000000000000000000000000000 XMM4: 00000000000000000000000000000000 XMM5: 00000000000000000000000000000000 XMM6: 00000000000000000000000000000000 XMM7: 00000000000000000000000000000000 XMM8: 00000000000000000000000000000000 XMM9: 00000000000000000000000000000000 XMM10: 00000000000000000000000000000000 XMM11: 00000000000000000000000000000000 XMM12: 00000000000000000000000000000000 XMM13: 00000000000000000000000000000000 XMM14: 00000000000000000000000000000000 XMM15: 00000000000000000000000000000000 Memory map: 7f9852c8f000-7f9852ca5000 r-xp 00000000 00:13 13977863 /usr/lib/libgcc_s.so.1 7f9852ca5000-7f9852ea4000 ---p 00016000 00:13 13977863 /usr/lib/libgcc_s.so.1 7f9852ea4000-7f9852ea5000 r--p 00015000 00:13 13977863 /usr/lib/libgcc_s.so.1 7f9852ea6000-7f9853054000 r-xp 00000000 00:13 13975885 /usr/lib/libc-2.26.so 7f9853054000-7f9853254000 ---p 001ae000 00:13 13975885 /usr/lib/libc-2.26.so 7f9853258000-7f985325a000 rw-p 001b2000 00:13 13975885 /usr/lib/libc-2.26.so 7f985325a000-7f985325e000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0 7f985325e000-7f9853262000 r-xp 00000000 00:13 13975827 /usr/lib/libSegFault.so 7f9853462000-7f9853463000 rw-p 00004000 00:13 13975827 /usr/lib/libSegFault.so 7f9853463000-7f9853488000 r-xp 00000000 00:13 13975886 /usr/lib/ld-2.26.so 7f9853649000-7f985364c000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0 7f9853685000-7f9853687000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0 7f9853687000-7f9853688000 r--p 00024000 00:13 13975886 /usr/lib/ld-2.26.so 7f9853688000-7f9853689000 rw-p 00025000 00:13 13975886 /usr/lib/ld-2.26.so 7f9853689000-7f985368a000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0 Use addr2line to get the corresponding line our source code $ addr2line -e ./powerplant -a 0x606 rod = 0xAB; Here we have it. Nothing more to say. Embedded Linux Conference 2018 Embedded Linux Conference 2018 Control groups (cgroups) The conference BEER2RST - my first attempt with golang BEER2RST - my first attempt with golang First glance at Golang import ( What makes it really interesting is when you do this import ( go get github.com/marcusfolkesson/tablewriter Unmarshal XML <NAME>Northern Brewer</NAME> <NOTES>Also called Hallertauer Northern Brewers Substitutes: Hallertauer Mittelfrueh, Hallertauer Examples: Anchor Steam, Old Peculiar, </NOTES> type Hop struct { Name string `xml:"NAME"` Origin string `xml:"ORIGIN"` Alpha float64 `xml:"ALPHA"` Amount float64 `xml:"AMOUNT"` Use string `xml:"USE"` Time float64 `xml:"TIME"` Notes string `xml:"NOTES"` Later on, read the file and unmarshal the XML content, err := ioutil.ReadFile("beer.xml") if err != nil { err = xml.Unmarshal(content, &hops) if err != nil { What I really like in comparison with Python are: • No need for interpreter • Static types! Dynamic type languages makes my brain hurt Lund Linux Conference 2018 Lund Linux Conference 2018 Here we are back in 2017: ath10k QCA6584 and Wireless network stack ath10k QCA6584 and Wireless network stack ATH10K is the mac80211 wireless driver for Qualcomm Atheros QCA988x family of chips, and I'm currently working [1] with the QCA6584 chip which is an automotive graded radio chip with PHY support for the abgn+ac modes. The connection interface to the chip is SDIO which is hardly supported for now, but my friend and kernelhacker, Erik Strömdahl [2] , has got his hands dirty and is currently working on it. There has been some progress, the chip now able to scan, connect, send and receive data. There is still some issues with the link speed but that is coming. He is also the reason for why I got interested in the network part of the kernel which is quite... big. Even only the wireless networking subsystem is quite big, and the first you meet when you start to dig is a bunch of terms thrown up in your face. I will try to briefly describe a few of these terms that is fundamental for wireless communication. In this post will discuss the right side of the this figure: IEEE 802.11 We will see 802.11 a lot of times, so the first thing is to know where these numbers comes from. IEEE 802.11 is a set of specifications for implementation of wireless networking over several frequency bands. The specifications cover layer 1 (Physical) and layer 2 (Data link) of the OSI model [3]. The Linux kernel MAC subsystem register ieee80211 compliant hardware device with int ieee80211_register_hw(struct ieee80211_hw hw) found in .../net/mac80211/main.c The Management Layer (MLME) One more thing that we need to cover is the management layer, since all other layers somehow depend on it. There are three components in the 802.11 management architecture: - The Physical Layer Management Entity (PLME) - The System Management Entity (SME) - The MAC Layer Management Entity (MLME) The Management layer assist you in several ways. For instance, it handle things such as scanning, authentication, beacons, associations and much more. Scanning is simply looking for other 802.11 compliant devices in the air. There are two types of scanning; passive and active. Passive scanning When performing a passive scanning, the radio is listening passively for beacons, without transmitting packages, as it moves from channel to channel and records all devices that it receives beacons from. Higher frequency bands in the ieee802.11a standard does not allow to transmit anything unless you have heard an Access Point (AP) beacon. Passive scanning is therefore the only way to be aware of the surroundings. Active scanning Active scanning on the other hand, is transmitting Probe Request (IEEE80211_STYPE_PROBE_REQ) management packets. This type of scanning is also walking from channel to channel, sending these probe requests management packet for each channel. These requests is handled by ieee80211_send_probe_req() in .../net/mac80211/util.c: void ieee80211_send_probe_req(struct ieee80211_sub_if_data sdata, const u8 src, const u8 dst, const u8 ssid, size_t ssid_len, const u8 ie, size_t ie_len, u32 ratemask, bool directed, u32 tx_flags, struct ieee80211_channel channel, bool scan) The authentication procedure sends a management frame of a authentication type (IEEE80211_STYPE_AUTH). There is not only one type of authentication but plenty of them. The ieee80211 specification does only specify one mandatory authentication type; the Open-system authentication (WLAN_AUTH_OPEN). Another common authentication type is Shared key authentication (WLAN_AUTH_SHARED_KEY). These management frames is handled by ieee80211_send_auth() in .../net/mac80211/util.c: void ieee80211_send_auth(struct ieee80211_sub_if_data sdata, u16 transaction, u16 auth_alg, u16 status, const u8 extra, size_t extra_len, const u8 da, const u8 bssid, const u8 key, u8 key_len, u8 key_idx, u32 tx_flags) Open system authentication This is the most simple type of authentication, all clients that request authentication will be authenticated. No security is involved at all. Shared key authentication In this type of authentication the client and AP is using a shared key, also known as Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP) key. The association is started when the station sends management frames of the type IEEE80211_STYPE_ASSOC_REQ. In the kernel code this is handled by ieee80211_send_assoc() in .../net/mac80211/mlme.c static void ieee80211_send_assoc(struct ieee80211_sub_if_data sdata) When the station is roaming, i.e. moving between APs within an ESS (Extended Service Set), it also sends a reassociation request to a new AP of the type IEEE802_STYPE_REASSOC_REQ. Association and reassociation has so much in common that it is both handled by ieee80211_send_assoc(). MAC (Medium Access Control) All ieee80211 devices needs to implement the Management Layer (MLME), but the implementation could be in device hardware or software. These types of devices are divided into Full MAC device (hardware implementation) and Soft MAC device (software implementation). Most devices today are soft MAC devices. The MAC layer can be further broken down into two pieces: Upper MAC and Lower MAC. The upper part of the MAC handle the management aspect (all that we covered in the MLME section above), and the lower part handle the time critical operations such as ACK:ing received packets. Linux does only handle the upper part of MAC, the lower part is operated in device hardware. What we can see in the figure is that the MAC layer is separating data packets from configuration/management packets. The data packets is forwarded to the network device and will travel the same path through the network layer as data packets from all other type of network devices. The Linux wireless subsystem consists of two major parts, where this, mac80211, is one of them. cfg80211 is the other major part. cfg80211 is a configuration management service for mac80211 compliant devices. Both Full MAC and Soft MAC devices needs to implement operations to be compatible with the cfg80211 configuration interface in order to let userspace application to configure the device. The configuration may be done with on of two interfaces, wext and nl80211. Wireless Extension, WEXT (Legacy) This is the legacy and ugly way to configure wireless devices. It is still supported only for backward compatibility reasons. Users of this configuration interface are wireless-tools (iwconfig, iwlist). nl80211 on the other hand, is a new netlink interface intended to replace the Wireless Extension (wext) interface. Users of this interface is typically iw and wpa_supplicant. The whole network stack of the Linux kernel is really complex and optimized for high throughput with low latencies. In this post we only covered what support for wireless devices has complemented the stack with, which is mainly the mac80211 layer for handle all device management, and cfg80211 layer to configure the MAC layer. Packets to wireless devices is divided into data packets and configuration/managment packets. The data packets follow the same path as for all network devices, and the management packets goes to the cfg80211 layer. Linux driver for PhoenixRC adapter Linux driver for PhoenixRC adapter Update: Michael Larabel on Phoronix has written a post [3] about this driver. Go ahead and read it as well! A few years ago I used to build multirotors, mostly quadcopters and tricopters. It is a fun hobby, both building and flying is incredible satisfying. The first multirotors i built was nicely made with CNC cutted details. They looked really nice and robust. However, with more than 100+ crashes under the belt, the last ones was made out of sticks and a food box. Easy to repair and just as fun to fly. This hobby requires practice, and even if the most fun way to practice is by flying, it is really time consuming. A more time efficient way to practice is by a simulator, so I bought PhoenixRC [1], which is a flight simulator. It comes with an USB adapter that let you connect and fly with your own RC controller. I did not run the simulator so much. PhoenixRC is a Windows software and there was no driver for the adapter for Linux. The only instance of Windows I had was on a separate disk that layed on the shelf, but switching disk on your laptop each time you want to fly is simply not going to happened. This new year eve (2017), my wife became ill and I got some time for my own. Far down into a box I found the adapter and plugged it into my Linux computer. Still no driver. Reverse engineering the adapter The reverse engineering was quite simple. It turns out that the adapter only has 1 configuration, 1 interface and 1 endpoint of in-interrupt type. This simply means that it only has an unidirectional communication path, initiated by sending an interrupt URB (USB Request Block) to the device. If you are not familiar with what configurations, interfaces and endpoints are in terms of USB, please google the USB standard specification. The data from our URB was only 8 bytes. After some testing with my RC controller I got the following mapping between data and the channels on the controller: data[0] = channel 1 data[1] = ? (Possibly a switch) data[2] = channel 2 data[3] = channel 3 data[4] = channel 4 data[5] = channel 5 data[6] = channel 6 data[7] = channel 7 So I created a device driver that registered an input device with the following events: Channel Event Using a simulator Heli-X [2] is an excellent cross platform flight simulator that runs perfect on Linux. Now I have spent several hours with a Goblin 700 Helicopter and it is just as fun as I rembembered. Available in Linux kernel 4.17 Of course all code is submitted to the Linux kernel and should be merged in v4.17. Patch changelogs with git-notes Patch changelogs with git-notes Git notes [1] is a neat function that has been around since v1.6.6. Notes is a kind of metadata that belongs to a certain commit but is stored separately (different git object) from the commit itself. The fact that it is a separate git object is important, it will therefor keep the commit hash intact, and as a bonus - it has its own diff log. Basic usage git-notes has support for add, append, copy edit, list, prune, remove and show subcommands. These subcommands is rather self-explanatory, so I will not describe them any further. add and edit fits allmost all my needs, so I will stick to them. First, create a git repository mkdir gitnotes cd gitnotes/ git init echo testfile > test git add test git commit --signoff -m "Initial commit" echo add-more-stuff >> test git commit --signoff -a -m "Feature X" We now have two commits: commit bce22657cb5fd8353d43537e6b64422a8ce1107d (HEAD -> master) Author: Marcus Folkesson <[email protected]> Date: Sun Feb 11 21:56:17 2018 +0100 Feature X Signed-off-by: Marcus Folkesson <[email protected]> commit 93726c3f6bf5c95faf969f040966b15d58d6fd0b Author: Marcus Folkesson <[email protected]> Date: Sun Feb 11 21:55:21 2018 +0100 Initial commit Add a note Add a note is simple: git notes add -m "v2: update locking handling for Feature X" We now have a note appended to our git log HEAD -1 commit bce22657cb5fd8353d43537e6b64422a8ce1107d (HEAD -> master) Author: Marcus Folkesson <[email protected]> Feature X v2: update locking handling for Feature X Note that the SHA, bce22657cb5fd8353d43537e6b64422a8ce1107d, has not changed. Edit a note Edit a note is as simple as adding one: git notes edit HEAD When to use notes? The first field of application is obvious, keep notes about individual commits. The kind of notes I usually use is comments during log reviews. For the last year I have been using notes for a more practical use; patch changelog history, which is an incredible powerful but undocumented (try to google it yourself) area of use for notes. Patch format and changelogs When talking about patches, the --- marker line serves the essential purpose of marking for patch handling tools where the commit message ends. One good use for the additional comments after the --- marker is for patch changelogs, which describe what has changed between the v1 and v2 version of the patch. Rebase and amend When working with patches, it is not unusual that it will take a few iterations until the patchset is in a ready-to-merge state. The way to rework patches is with an interactive rebase and amending. A note is linked to a certain git object and this will be a problem with rebase and amend since it will overwrite that git object. With that said; if you amend your commit, the notes will disappear... unless... you configure git to rewrite the note upon amend and rebase. From git-notes(1): When rewriting commits with <command> (currently amend or rebase) and this variable is set to true, Git automatically copies your notes from the original to the rewritten commit. Defaults to true, but see notes.rewriteRef below. When copying notes during a rewrite, specifies the (fully qualified) ref whose notes should be copied. The ref may be a glob, in which case notes in all matching refs will be copied. You may also specify this configuration several times. Does not have a default value; you must configure this variable to enable note rewriting. Set it to refs/notes/commits to enable rewriting for the default commit notes. This setting can be overridden with the GIT_NOTES_REWRITE_REF environment variable, which must be a colon separated list of refs or globs. The manpage simply tells you to add these lines to your ~/.gitconfig or .git/config [notes "rewrite"] amend = true rebase = true rewriteRef = refs/notes/commits To make amend and rebase rewrite the notes. Generate patches The best part is that git format-patch --notes will generate patches with appended notes after the --- marker. For example: git format-patch --notes -1 -v2 will generate v2-0001-Feature-X.patch: From bce22657cb5fd8353d43537e6b64422a8ce1107d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Marcus Folkesson <[email protected]> Date: Mon, 19 Feb 2018 21:42:45 +0100 Subject: [PATCH v2] Feature X v2: update locking handling for Feature X test \| 1 + 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+) diff --git a/test b/test index 2691857..066c37d 100644 --- a/test +++ b/test @@ -1 +1,2 @@ This makes the patch workflow real smooth instead of manually track and update your patch changelogs. My typical workflow Other tricks Note logs Even notes has a log (all objects in refs/XXX has), and it could be useful to see how your notes has evolved over time: git log -p notes/commits Push and fetch notes The notes itself is stored as git object in .git/refs/notes. A thing to keep in mind is that refs/notes is not pushed by default, but that is not a problem - my opinion is that notes should be local only anyway. If you really want to push your notes, you can to that with git push <remote> refs/notes/* and fetch them with
Rainer J Klement; Ulrike Kämmerer Nutr Metab. 2011;8(75) In This Article Tumor Cell Metabolism - It's All About Glucose That there exists an intimate connection between CHOs and cancer has been known since the seminal studies performed by different physiologists in the 1920s. Treating diabetic patients, A. Braunstein observed in 1921 that in those who developed cancer, glucose secretion in the urine disappeared. Further, culturing tissue of benign and malign origin in glucose-containing solutions, he quantified the much higher consumption by cancer tissue compared to muscle and liver.[33] One year later, R. Bierich described the remarkable accumulation of lactate in the micromilieu of tumor tissues[34] and demonstrated lactate to be essential for invasion of melanoma cells into the surrounding tissue.[35] The most accurate and well known experiments were published by Otto Warburg and colleagues from 1923 on.[36–38] Warburg observed that tumor tissue ex vivo would convert high amounts of glucose to lactate even in the presence of oxygen (aerobic glycolysis), a metabolic phenotype now referred to as the Warburg effect. This meant a sharp contrast to normal tissue which was known to exhibit the Pasteur effect, i.e., a decrease of glucose uptake and inhibition of lactate production under aerobic conditions. Today, the Warburg effect is an established hallmark of cancer, i.e., a pathological capability common to most, if not all, cancer cells.[39] At first sight, the reason why many cancers should run preferentially on glucose to produce energy seems counter-intuitive: basic biochemistry textbooks tell us that glycolysis partially oxidizes the carbon skeleton of one mole of glucose to two moles of pyruvate, yielding two moles of ATP and NADH. In normal cells under normoxic conditions, pyruvate is oxidized in the mitochondria by the enzyme pyruvate dehydrogenase, creating acetyl-CoA which is further utilized in the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA or Krebs cycle) to yield a total of 32+ moles of ATP. Thus, the oxidation of pyruvate in the mitochondria supplies 30+ additional moles of ATP compared to its reduction to lactate via lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA), which happens in case of insufficient oxygen levels or - in case of cancer cells - due to the Warburg effect. Possible Causes for the "Warburg Effect" Over the past years, however, it has become increasingly clear that malignant cells compensate for this energy deficit by up-regulating the expression of key glycolytic enzymes as well as the glucose transporters GLUT1 and GLUT3, which have a high affinity for glucose and ensure high glycolytic flux even for low extracellular glucose concentrations. This characteristic is the basis for the wide-spread use of the functional imaging modality positron emission tomography (PET) with the glucose-analogue tracer 18F-fluoro-2-deoxyD-glucose (FDG) (Figure 1). There are mainly four possible drivers discussed in the literature that cause the metabolic switch from oxidative phosphorylation to aerobic glycolysis in cancer cells. The first one is mitochondrial damage or dysfunction,[40] which was already proposed by Warburg himself as the cause for tumorigenesis.[41] Somatic mutations in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and certain OXPHOS genes can lead to increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and accumulation of TCA cycle intermediates (succinate and fumarate) that trigger the stabilization of hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)-1α, inactivation of tumor suppressors including p53 and PTEN and upregulation of several oncogenes of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway.[42] In tumor cells, Akt plays a major role in resisting apoptosis and promoting proliferation, and it does so by reprogramming tumor cell metabolism.[43–45] Akt suppresses β-oxidation of fatty acids,[46] but enhances de novo lipid synthesis in the cytosol.[47,48] Akt also activates mTOR, a key regulator of cell growth and proliferation that integrates signaling from insulin and growth factors, amino acid availability, cellular energy status and oxygen levels.[49,50] In cancer cells, mTOR has been shown to induce aerobic glycolysis by up-regulating key glycolytic enzymes, in particular through its downstream effectors c-Myc and HIF-1α. Both of these transcription factors are involved in the expression of pyruvate kinase M2, a crucial glycolytic enzyme for rapidly proliferating cells.[51] Figure 1. PET image of a patient with a left central lung carcinoma (arrows). Note also the high FDG uptake by the kidneys (Fig D), brain and myocard (Figure E). Source: PET/CT Imaging Centre, University Hospital of Würzburg. HIF-1α is further important for the adaption to hypoxia by increasing the expression of glycolytic enzymes including GLUT1 and hexokinase (HK)II as well as several angiogenic factors.[49,52] The observation that certain malignant cells are able to use both glycolysis and OXPHOS under aerobic conditions has been taken to argue that mitochondrial dysfunction alone is not a sufficient cause for the Warburg effect.[53] Indeed, somatic mutations in most oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes have been shown to directly or indirectly activate glycolysis even in the presence of oxygen. As described above, they do so mainly by hyperactivating major metabolic signaling pathways such as the insulin-like growth facor-1 receptor (IGFR1)-insulin receptor (IR)/PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway (Figure 2). In principle, hyperactivation of this pathway can occur at several points from alterations in either upstream (receptor) or downstream (transducer) proteins and/or disruption of negative feedback loops via loss-of-function mutations in suppressor genes.[44,45,54] Thus, genetic alterations in oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes are a second possible cause for the Warburg effect. Figure 2. The IGF1R-IR/PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway and its manipulation through diet. Elevations in blood glucose concentrations lead to secretion of insulin with subsequent elevation of free IGF1. Binding of insulin and IGF1 to their receptor tyrosine kinases induces autophosphorylation of the latter which leads to subsequent activation of PI3K by one of at least three different pathways.[54] Further downstream, PI3K signaling causes phosphorylation and activation of the serine/threonine kinase Akt (also known as protein kinase B). Akt activates mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), which itself induces aerobic glycolysis by upregulating key glycolytic enzymes, in particular via its downstream effectors c-Myc and hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)-1α. mTOR is negatively affected through activation of AMPK, which can be achieved by dietary restriction.67 In addition, a possible negative interaction between insulin and AMPK is discussed in vivo.60 As a third mechanism, with advanced tumorigenesis, non-mutation induced stabilization of HIF-1α occurs through a lack of oxygen in hypoxic tumor regions and contributes to increased glycolysis. Proliferation of aggressive tumors proceeds too fast for concurrent vascularization, so that hypoxic regions will develop. Because the diffusion coefficients for glucose are larger than for oxygen, these regions rely heavily on glycolysis. Hypoxic cancer cells are particularly radio- and chemoresistant. In PET-studies, tumor areas with high FDG uptake have been consistently linked to poor prognosis[55,56] and are now being considered as important biological target volumes to receive dose escalations in radiation treatment.[57] The Impact of Insulin and IGF1 Finally, chronic activation of the IGFR1-IR/PI3K/Akt survival pathway through high blood glucose, insulin and inflammatory cytokines has been proposed as a cause of carcinogenesis[30,58,59] and switch towards aerobic glycolysis. In this theory, hyperactivation of the IGFR1-IR signalling pathway does not occur primarily through somatic gene mutations, but rather through elevated concentrations of insulin and IGF1, allowing for more ligands binding to their receptors. Interestingly, gain-of-function mutations resulting in ligand-independent overactivation of both IGFR1 and IR are uncommon.[60] Furthermore, loss-of-function of the tumor suppressor PTEN may result in hypersensitivity to insulin/IGF1-mediated activation of the IGFR1-IR pathway rather than constitutive downstream activation.[60] Thus, it seems possible that high levels of insulin and IGF1 in the microenvironment favor cell survival and evolution towards malignancy instead of apoptosis in DNA-damaged cells. Indeed, both hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia are predictors of cancer occurrence and cancer-related mortality.[23,25,26] This highlights the link between the metabolic syndrome and cancer on the one hand and cancer and lifestyle factors like nutrition on the other. As indicated in Figure 2, restriction of dietary CHOs would counteract this signalling cascade by normalizing glucose and insulin levels in subjects with metabolic syndrome, in this way acting similar to calorie restriction/fasting.[61,62] Indeed, it has been shown in healthy subjects that CHO restriction induces hormonal and metabolic adaptions very similar to fasting.[63–66] Dietary restriction is able to inhibit mTOR signalling through a second, energy-sensing pathway by stimulating phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK).[67] In vitro, AMPK phosphorylation is sensitive to the ratio of AMP/ATP within the cell; in vivo, however, concentrations of glucose and other nutrients are kept fairly stable throughout calorie restriction, suggesting that hormones such as insulin and glucagon might play a more dominant role in regulating AMPK and thus mTOR activation.[60] This may open a second route to mimic the positive effects of calorie restriction through CHO restriction (Figure 2). Glycolysis: Beneficial for Tumor Cells Besides the ability to grow in hypoxic environments, a high glycolytic rate has several additional advantages for the malignant cell: First, it avoids the production of ROS through OXPHOS. Second, the phosphometabolites that accumulate during glycolysis can be processed in the pentose phosphate pathway for biosynthesis of nucleic acids and lipids. Similarly, overexpession of Akt induces an increased flow of pyruvate-derived citrate from the mitochondrion into the cytosol, where it is used for lipid biosynthesis. Third, a tumor cell focusing on glycolysis no longer relies on intact mitochondria and may evade apoptotic signalling which is linked to mitochondrial function. In addition, the genes and pathways that up-regulate glycolysis are themselves antiapoptotic.[40] Fourth, high glycolytic activity produces high levels of lactate and H+ ions which get transported outside the cell where they directly promote tumor aggressiveness[68] through invasion and metastasis, two other hallmarks of cancer. For this purpose, glycolytic tumor cells often show overexpression of monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs) and/or Na+/H+ exchangers[69] that allow them to effectively remove large amounts of H+ ions. For MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells it has been shown that lactate drives migration by acting as a chemo-attractant and enhances the number of lung metastasis in athymic nude mice.[70] Lactate can also be taken up and used as a fuel by some malignant cells, and oxidative tumor cells have been shown to co-exist with glycolytic ones (both stromal and malignant) in a symbiotic fashion.[71] In glioma cells, lactate upregulates and activates the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)- 2 which degrades the extra-cellular matrix and basement membrane.[72] Activation of MMPs may also occur in the microenvironment through low pH values in a similar way as discussed for carious decay of the dentin organic matrix through lactate released by cariogenic bacteria.[73] Acidification of the microenvironment further induces apoptosis in normal parenchymal and stromal cells[74,75] and therefore provides a strong selective growth advantage for tumor cells that are resistant to low pH-induced apoptosis.[76,77] Post as:
Engineers invent high-tech mirror to beam heat away from buildings into space A team led by electrical engineering Professor Shanhui Fan and research associate Aaswath Raman reported this energy-saving breakthrough in the journal Nature ("Passive radiative cooling below ambient air temperature under direct sunlight"). Stanford electrical engineering professor Shanhui Fan (center) gazes into the pizza- sized prototype with co-authors Linxiao Zhu (left) and Aaswath Raman Stanford electrical engineering professor Shanhui Fan (center) gazes into the pizza- sized prototype with co-authors Linxiao Zhu (left) and Aaswath Raman (right). The high-tech mirror reflecting their faces beams heat directly into space. The result is what the Stanford team calls photonic radiative cooling - a one-two punch that offloads infrared heat from within a building while also reflecting the sunlight that would otherwise warm it up. The result is cooler buildings that require less air conditioning. A warming world needs cooling technologies that don't require power, according to Raman, lead author of the Nature paper. "Across the developing world, photonic radiative cooling makes off-grid cooling a possibility in rural regions, in addition to meeting skyrocketing demand for air conditioning in urban areas," he said. Using a window into space Aiming the mirror But transmitting heat into space is not enough on its own. High Tech Mirror Beams Heat Into Space In this illustration a panel coated with a multilayered material designed by Stanford engineers is shown to help cool buildings without air conditioning. The material works in two ways. It reflects incoming sunlight (the sun's reflection seen on the panel) that would otherwise heat the panel. And it sends heat from inside the structure directly into space as infrared radiation (reddish rays). The blue areas on an otherwise warm roof show the cooling effect. (Image: Nicolle R. Fuller, Sayo-Art LLC) It is made of seven layers of silicon dioxide and hafnium oxide on top of a thin layer of silver. These layers are not a uniform thickness, but are instead engineered to create a new material. Its internal structure is tuned to radiate infrared rays at a frequency that lets them pass into space without warming the air near the building. "This photonic approach gives us the ability to finely tune both solar reflection and infrared thermal radiation," said Linxiao Zhu, doctoral candidate in applied physics and a co-author of the paper. "I am personally very excited about their results," said Marin Soljacic, a physics professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "This is a great example of the power of nanophotonics." From prototype to building panel Making photonic radiative cooling practical on a large scale requires solving at least two remaining technical problems. The cosmic fridge Source: Stanford University Subscribe to a free copy of one of our daily Nanowerk Newsletter Email Digests with a compilation of all of the day's news. These articles might interest you as well:
Old Easter tradition on the Greek island of Corfu is a smash CORFU, Greece (Reuters) - Orthodox Easter celebrations on the Greek island of Corfu were a smash on Saturday - literally. Corfiots mark Holy Saturday with a strange old custom referred to as the “botides” - where large clay jugs filled with water are thrown from the balconies of homes in the center of town, smashing into pieces onto the streets below as thousands gather around to watch. Visitors come from across the country and abroad to view the popular event. The sound of the pots crashing is thunderous, and fearless spectators stand quite close to the crash sites, struck by the spray of water and shards of clay, although local organizers said no one has ever been seriously injured during the custom. “I am very happy, because people come from far away, and that is why we do this, they like it very much, they have become hooked on the custom,” said Corfu resident Nikos Voskopoulos, who has been an enthusiastic pot-thrower for 20 years. Islanders said they believe the custom helps ward off bad spirits, and spectators take pieces of the smashed pots home as good luck charms. The exact origin of the custom is unclear. According to the municipality, one popular belief is that it originated with the Venetians who ruled Corfu between the 14th and 18th centuries. To mark the new year, the Venetians would throw out their old belongings to make way for new ones in order to make a fresh start to the new year. The Greeks adopted the custom, introduced clay pots, and moved it to Easter, one of the most important holidays in the Greek religious calendar. There are also Biblical references to the smashing of clay pottery, symbolizing the divine striking down enemies. Another belief is that the custom has roots in ancient Greece. In April the ancient Greeks would throw out their old clay planting pots and plant seeds in new ones to mark the coming of spring. Reporting By Deborah Kyvrikosaios; Editing by Stephen Powell
When it comes to wine, it seems as though Greece should be well beyond every other region; after all, it is Greece, a country that is sometimes overheard bragging to Albania and Bulgaria about how it’s the “birthplace of the modern world.” However, Greece can’t claim to be ahead of the rest of the word’s vines, at least not anymore. In the past, Greece had a huge impact on the wine industry, orchestrating wine trades to the lands of Europe (and likely being the first to make wine leaves worn in the hair a fashion statement). The wines of the ancient world have the Greeks to thank, but recent times have found Greece somewhere it has never been before: behind the times. The instability of the Greek wine industry is a result of the instability of Greece as a nation. After the ancient era and into the middle ages, Greece was governed by the Byzantine Empire and its wine was made by monks. Everything, for the time being, seemed cloaked in grapeness. But, when the Byzantine Empire fell to the Ottoman Empire, the fun, and the grapes, were spoiled. For the next four hundred years, Greek winemaking drastically suffered. While the Ottoman Empire didn’t outright make winemaking illegal, the regulations and taxes they imposed on it made the production of quality wine nearly impossible. When the Ottoman Empire eventually fell, Greece found its winemaking plagued by another kind of intruder: the phylloxera bug. This sap-sucking insect fed on and destroyed grapevines all over Greece and throughout Europe. By the time the insects were sent packing â€“ with tiny eviction notices hanging on their nests â€“ Greece’s wine production was put on hold for more important matters: the Balkan wars and the World Wars. It wasn’t until the mid 1900’s that the wines of Greece turned over a new leaf. Improved winemaking and viniculture techniques were implemented, better grapes were used, and more expensive means were utilized. The Greeks also began doing something they’d never done before: aging wine in oak barrels (move over wooden horses, wooden barrels are in the house). The result was a nation where the importance of producing quality wine trumped the importance of quantity. Today, Greece’s main focus is on white wine, though very good red wine is also produced in small amounts. Among whites, Muscat of Patras, Patras, and Santorini are some of the most important. Retsina, another white wine, is of particular importance; it has virtually turned into the country’s national drink. On the red side of things, Archarnes, Naoussa, Rapsani, and Mavrodaphne of Patras, are a few types most often produced. As demonstrated above, Greece is filled to the brim with a variety of wines. They, in part, have their climate to thank for this. Rainy weather typically doesn’t disrupt harvesting and the plethora of sunlight allows for maximum ripening. However, the environment of Greece does have an Achilles heel: much of the land is not suitable for growing. For this reason, Greece is not a land filled with grapevine after grapevine. The parts of the country not taken up by mountains or not divided into islands is where the grapes are grown: this land is typically used to grow both grapevines and olive trees. For those who hope to visit Greece, the wineries are open on a year round basis, with the exception of holidays and many of the tours are given in English upon request. The Greek wineries are some of the best to visit, if not for the history involved, then for the hospitable manner of the citizens…just try not to mention Constantinople.
Testosterone 101 Testosterone 101 Testosterone plays important roles in the body—it’s not just for mucho macho. “T” also contributes to bone density, fat distribution, muscle mass and strength, facial and body hair, and the production of red blood cells and sperm. What happens, though, when your T runs low? Testosterone (often referred to as “T”) is a hormone that plays important roles in the body—it’s not just for mucho macho. Aside from being a sex hormone, T contributes to bone density, fat distribution, muscle mass and strength, facial and body hair, and the production of red blood cells and sperm. Men’s T levels peak during their teens and early adulthood, and slowly decline starting after about age 30 (typically about 1 percent a year). Sometimes, though, low T levels can be due to other things going on in men’s lives—and can be linked to certain symptoms. When T stocks are low • low sex drive • hair loss • fatigue • loss of muscle mass • increased body fat • decreased bone mass • changes in mood and outlook Even though T levels naturally decline with age, making healthy lifestyle choices can make a significant difference. Maintaining higher T levels is both a cause and an effect of good health—an indication that virility and vitality are on an upward, rather than a downward, spiral. Slow the T drain • Get enough zzz’s. • Make exercising a regular habit. • Maintain a healthy weight. • Quit smoking! • Eat a healthy whole foods diet. Increase libido Testosterone and dopamine play key roles in firing up a man’s sex drive. And whenever these chemicals get thrown out of whack, libido can stall. Some natural libido enhancers might help. L-arginine is an amino acid and building block of protein often used to treat erectile dysfunction. Panax ginseng is used to enhance libido, sexual performance, and fertility by modulating the neuronal and hormonal systems. Tribulus terrestris is a Mediterranean plant whose use has long been associated with its libido-enhancing properties. Get better sleep Testosterone is produced at night during the deeper phases of sleep (such as REM). If you’re sleep deprived, you might also be T-deprived. There are many natural ways to help solve occasional sleep problems. Theanine promotes relaxation without sedation and helps you fall asleep more quickly and easily and sleep more soundly. Valerian (Valeriana officinalis) helps reduce the time to fall asleep and improves total sleep time. Melatonin is the body’s natural sleep regulator; it helps the body wind down for sleep and can be especially useful for frequent travellers and shift workers. Stop the shed Aside from low testosterone and thyroid issues, hair loss in men can be caused by a number of different factors, including genetics and age. Other causes can include dietary deficiencies that can be corrected. Vitamin D is needed for normal hair follicle cycling and integrity. Studies reveal low serum vitamin D in alopecia patients. Zinc plays a part in regulating testosterone levels, is a potent inhibitor of hair follicle regression, and may help accelerate hair follicle recovery. Pumpkin seed oil is a natural 5-alpha reductase inhibitor that may help treat male pattern baldness. Maintain muscle The components of healthy muscle mass are basic to our overall health. Muscle maintenance is critical, and keeping them primed is rooted in good dietary and lifestyle habits. Some key components can be added through supplementation. Protein is a key nutrient for muscle growth, mass, and strength. Supplemental protein is available if dietary restrictions make it hard to get enough. BCAAs (branched chain amino acids) stimulate the biochemical pathway that tells muscles to grow and prevent muscles from being broken down. Omega-3s in fish oils have inflammation-modulating capacity, making them another tool to support healthy muscle mass. Improve your mood It could simply be a consequence of stress or fatigue, but mood, especially frequent changes and irritability, can also be signs of testosterone deficiency. Whatever its cause, there are effective ways to naturally regulate mood. Probiotics may help reduce negative thoughts associated with a sad mood by helping to reduce inflammation and permeability of the gut. Rhodiola is an adaptogenic herb that helps reduce stress-related fatigue and improve mood in depressed adults. Taurine is an amino acid in the central nervous system that may help increase dopamine and relax the central nervous system and may have antidepressant effects. Build your bones Although decreased bone mass can be a symptom of testosterone deficiency, ensuring optimal levels of key nutrients may play a significant role in protecting our bone health— while also maintaining testosterone levels. Vitamin D is needed to maintain calcium and phosphorus absorption to support bone mineralization; supplementing low stores has demonstrated increased testosterone levels. Magnesium is a critical component of our skeleton; supplementing low magnesium levels has been shown to boost testosterone levels. Vitamin K helps modify protein so it can bind calcium; research shows vitamin K supplementation may help steady levels of testosterone. Please enter your comment! Please enter your name here
If American Culture Cancels Laughter, What's Left? by Marcus Oujla, December 23, 2020 In such trying times there is a need to go back to the basics of what helps us feel alive and bring some of our humanity back to the surface. Why So Serious? Laughter is a great tool and mechanism for so many aspects of our lives. It allows us to connect with other individuals on a unique level that can bring joy to all surrounding parties. Whether it’s sharing a rather funny personal experience with a close friend, entertaining guests at a dinner party, or a roar from a crowd at a comedy show, laughter is a huge part of who we are that should not be overlooked. Laughter is a bridge to bring people together. It lifts our spirits, inspires hope, lowers stress levels, relieves pain, diminishes anger, increases energy, heals resentment, alleviates burdens, strengthens relationships, and brings perspective back into balance. Why else is laughter such a necessary part of our lives? Laughter Has Healing Effects When it comes to the physical qualities of being able to laugh, it can help the body to relax for up to 45 minutes while relaxing the tension we feel in our muscles. Endorphins are released. Endorphins are the body's natural chemical that makes us happy and an overall sense of well-being. Laughter can help the function of the heart by increasing blood flow which protects against cardiovascular problems. It might sound insignificant, but laughing only 10 to 15 minutes a day can help to burn around 40 calories. A study in Norway showed people with an elevated sense of humour were able to live longer while battling cancer. Overall, laughter can help us physically, mentally, and socially, and should not be taken for granted. - Kevin Hart Releasing The Weight of the World Remember back when you were a child. Tapping into laughter is one of the biggest components of how children communicate with each other. While we may have been able to describe in depth the message we are trying to relay, laughter was such a contagious way of speaking that made every other child laugh in unity. Even if a child cried or threw a tantrum, the best solution was to try and get them to laugh. As we grew into our teens, we became more anxious and cautious of others and what they might think of us. We began to understand how dark and cruel this world can be. It became embedded in us through what we watched and read, the information we received from others and developed a more complex view we learned from adults. We realized it wasn't all fun and games. There is a certain innocence to the way children view the world. Even as an adult, I feel we can’t lose that spark we once had as children. Robin Williams, A Man of Comedy Take Robin Williams for instance. Williams was one of the world's greatest comedians who brought laughter to millions of people. On the other hand, he also suffered greatly in his life. His passion for wanting to make others laugh was always noticed, even when the cameras were off. Living with such a great deal of depression, he did not want others to feel how he felt. This inspired him to make it his duty to bring joy into the lives of those around him through laughter. He turned his own sadness around into giving the gift of laughter to so many people. He will always be remembered as someone who made the world smile. Patch Adams, The Doctor Who Prescribed Laughter Robin Williams once played a character in a movie, Patch Adams. Adams was actually based on a real character. Adams suffered much loss in his life. His father passed away when Adams was young. Adams greatly admired his uncle who took him in. Unfortunately, Adam's uncle later committed suicide, causing Adams to become deeply interested in the phenomenon. After experiencing a break up in high school, Adams decided to attempt jumping off a cliff. Before jumping, he tried writing her a poem. It took him a long time to find the right words to use, and ultimately, he decided not to attempt suicide after all. He ended up seeking help from his mother and checking into a hospital to get mental rehabilitation. While in the hospital, he observed many of the patients. He had a realization about people suffering from loneliness. Unlike him, many of these patients didn’t have a single person who loved them. He soon discovered the key to happiness was to have loving and caring people in your life. This realization made Adams want to become a doctor. Many years later and after pursuing a medical career, he founded the Gesundheit! Institute. This was based around alternative medicine and encouraged medical students to have more compassionate connections with their clients by using humour and play. This brought laughter to the sick and vulnerable. As part of this treatment they would dress like clowns and tried to uplift the spirits of many individuals. - Robin Williams The Destructive Nature of Cancel Culture In today’s society many people are policing the type of comedy that is allowed. It’s necessary to see the other side of this looking glass. They are artists and to limit their ability to explore new ideas is a dangerous road to go down. Almost everyone has the ability to have a message to be seen world wide. Trying to silence what jokes people can or cannot say is becoming more easy and accessible. You have to remember no matter what the subject or matter is, someone will always be offended. There is no getting around that. We are all unique and have different experiences in our lives. We must always keep in mind, as much as there is a joke that may hit a nerve with someone, there is someone else out there who has experienced the pain of that topic tenfold and this might be the only way they can get over it. To be able to laugh at something so dark that happened to them can sometimes be a healing tool for them to cope and be able to push forward in life. Step Out of Your Myopic Viewpoint, Please. Keep in mind it’s not always about you. We have the right to not listen to something, change a channel, flip a page. We do have more control than we realize in our own lives. To stop anyone else from enjoying themselves can seem self-centered, to take a second look at what you are attempting to impose upon others. The overall good that can come from any comedian can outweigh the bad. Intention should always be brought into question before making a judgment. You’ll find most of the time, the only intent of a comedian is to make someone laugh. Something my father always taught me from a young age is that you can find humour in anything even in something dark. To shine light into something dark can take away its power it may hold. A comedian is able to explore through artistic expression which creates new lines of thinking and transmit it into the world to share with others. That feeling of being able to make someone else laugh is a spark that ignites inside each of us. “Laughter is the greatest weapon we have and we, as humans, use it the least.”
10 Largest Islands In The World Borneo, Sabah, Malaysia. Editorial credit: Yusnizam Yusof / Shutterstock.com • Greenland is the world’s largest island. • Three of the world’s 10 largest islands are located in northern Canada. • New Guinea is a transcontinental island as it transcends both Asia and Oceania. • Honshu, Japan’s main island, is the second most populated island in the world. • Great Britain is the largest island in Europe. There are so many islands around the world that no one knows exactly how many there are. There are also many different types of islands. Indeed, islands come in many shapes and sizes. There are islands that are so small that they do not even have names. There are also islands that are so large, you could fit several countries in them. In fact, some large islands do contain two or more countries. Here are the world’s 10 largest islands by land area. 1. Greenland Greenland map Map of Greenland. Greenland is the world’s largest island. The total land area of Greenland is 2.16 million sq. km, though this figure also includes some small, offshore islands. The island is situated in the far north, to the east of Baffin Bay, across which is northern Canada. Greenland traverses the North Atlantic Ocean and Arctic Oceans. Most of the island is covered by a vast sheet of ice, which measures 1.8 million sq. km. Greenland has a population of about 57,000, most of whom are Inuit. The island is under Danish sovereignty, though it does have autonomy to govern its own internal affairs. 2. New Guinea New Guinea map Map of New Guinea island divided between Indonesia and Papua New Guinea. New Guinea is the world’s second largest island, measuring at 785,753 sq. km. It is situated in the Pacific Ocean, to the north of Australia and the Coral Sea, to the west of the Solomon Islands, to the east of the Banda Sea, and to the south of the Philippine Sea. The island traverses two continents, Asia and Oceania. The border between Asia and Oceania is generally considered to be the border between Papua New Guinea and Indonesia. Papua New Guinea, on the eastern side of the island, is considered part of Oceania, while the western, Indonesian part is considered part of Asia. New Guinea is very multilingual. In fact, Papua New Guinea alone is the most linguistically diverse country in the world, with more than 700 languages spoken therein. 3. Borneo Borneo map Map of the island of Borneo that is split into Indonesian and Malaysian territories. Borneo is a large island in Southeast Asia. Three countries, Indonesia, Malaysia, and Brunei share the island. Indonesia controls 73% of Borneo’s territory, while Malaysia controls 24%, in the north of the island, including most of the island’s northern coast, which faces the South China Sea. The remaining 1% of Borneo is controlled by the small sultanate of Brunei, which is also situated on the island’s northern coast. Borneo has a total land area of 743,330 sq. km. The indigenous people of the island are known as the Dayaks. They are divided into 50 ethnic groups and have 140 different languages and dialects. 4. Madagascar Map of the island of Madagascar. Madagascar, which is also the name of the country situated on it, is an East African island in the Indian Ocean. Its western coast faces the Mozambique Channel, across which is the African mainland. Madagascar has a total land area of 587,713 sq. km, making it the largest island in Africa and the largest in the Indian Ocean. The island has a population of approximately 28 million. Madagascar contains 0.5% of all known plant and animal species in the world. 5. Baffin Island Baffin Island map Map showing the location of the Baffin Island in Canada. Baffin Island is located in northern Canada. It is part of the Canadian territory of Nunavut, whose capital, Iqaluit, is based on the southern end of the island. Iqaluit is home to about half of Baffin Island’s total estimated population of 11,000. The total land area of Baffin Island is 507,451 sq. km, making it the largest island in Canada. The island’s wildlife includes snowy owls, narwhal, polar bears, and beluga whales. Baffin Island also features spectacular views of the Northern Lights. 6. Sumatra Sumatra Island Map of the Sumatra Island. Sumatra is the westernmost of the large islands of Indonesia. To its north is the Andaman Sea, and to its south and west is the Indian Ocean. To the east of the northern end of Sumatra is the Malacca Strait, across from which is Malaysia. The island of Borneo also lies to the east, as does the Java Sea. The southeast of Sumatra borders the narrow Sunda Strait, across from which is the island of Java. The total land area of Sumatra is 443,066 sq. km. About 40 million people live on the island, which is also home to an abundance of wildlife, including monkeys, Sumatran tigers, rhinoceroses, and elephants. 7. Honshu Honshu map Map showing the location of the island of Honshu in Japan. Honshu is the largest island in the archipelago and country known as Japan. It has a total land area of 225,800 sq. km, and an estimated population of 103 million, which means that it is home to the majority of Japan’s total population. Tokyo, the world’s most populous city and capital of Japan, is situated on the southern end of Honshu. In addition, all of Japan’s highest mountain peaks, including Mt. Fuji, are on Honshu, as is the country’s largest lake, Lake Biwa. 8. Victoria Island Victoria island map Map showing the location of Victoria Island split between Nunavut(green) and Northwest Territories (yellow). Victoria Island is another northern Canadian island. The island is split between the Canadian territories of Nunavut and the Northwest Territories. Mainland Nunavut lies to Victoria Island’s south. The island is bigger than 36 of the 50 U.S. states. Its total land area is 217,291 sq. km. Despite its size, however, just under 2,000 people live on the island. In fact there are many more caribou and musk-ox on the island than there are people. 9. Great Britain Great Britain map Maps showing the island of Great Britain to the right. It comprises England, Wales, and Scotland. Great Britain is Europe’s largest island, and of course, the main territory of the United Kingdom. Its total land area is 209,331 sq. km. Although it is common for people to refer to Great Britain simply as England, England is just one of three countries on the island. Scotland and Wales are the other two. Out of a total population of about 67 million people, approximately 64 million of the U.K.’s people live on the island of Great Britain. On the west coast of Great Britain is the Irish Sea, across from which lies the island of Ireland. The North Sea lies to the east. An undersea tunnel, called the Channel Tunnel, or “Chunnel”, links Great Britain to France, across the English Channel to the south. 10. Ellesmere Island Map of Ellesmere Island Map showing the location of the Ellesmere Island in the Arctic Ocean in the northern part of Nunavut, Canada. Ellesmere Island is the northernmost island in Canada. Its total land area is 183,965 sq. km. Like Victoria Island, Ellesmere Island lies entirely in the Arctic Circle. Just 146 people live on the island. Most of the island consists of a mountain range called the Arctic Cordillera. This feature makes Ellesmere Island the most mountainous island in the entire Canadian Arctic archipelago. 10 Largest Islands In The World RankIslandArea (sq. Km) 1Greenland 2,166,086 2New Guinea785,753 5Baffin Island507,451 8Victoria Island217,291 9Great Britain209,331 10Ellesmere Island183,965 More in Geography
Skip to main content Combo keys are a way to combine multiple keypresses to output a different key. For example, you can hit the Q and W keys on your keyboard to output escape. Combos configured in your .keymap file, but are separate from the keymap node found there, since they are processed before the normal keymap. They are specified like this: / { combos { compatible = "zmk,combos"; combo_esc { timeout-ms = <50>; key-positions = <0 1>; bindings = <&kp ESC>; • The name of the combo doesn't really matter, but convention is to start the node name with combo_. • The compatible property should always be "zmk,combos" for combos. • timeout-ms is the number of milliseconds that all keys of the combo must be pressed. • key-positions is an array of key positions. See the info section below about how to figure out the positions on your board. • layers = <0 1...> will allow limiting a combo to specific layers. This is an optional parameter, when omitted it defaults to global scope. • bindings is the behavior that is activated when the behavior is pressed. • (advanced) you can specify slow-release if you want the combo binding to be released when all key-positions are released. The default is to release the combo as soon as any of the keys in the combo is released. Key positions are numbered like the keys in your keymap, starting at 0. So, if the first key in your keymap is Q, this key is in position 0. The next key (possibly W) will have position 1, etcetera. Advanced usage# • Partially overlapping combos like 0 1 and 0 2 are supported. • Fully overlapping combos like 0 1 and 0 1 2 are supported. • You are not limited to &kp bindings. You can use all ZMK behaviors there, like &mo, &bt, &mt, &lt etc. Advanced configuration# There are three global combo parameters which are set through KConfig. You can set them in the <boardname>.conf file in the same directory as your keymap file. • CONFIG_ZMK_COMBO_MAX_PRESSED_COMBOS is the number of combos that can be active at the same time. Default 4. • CONFIG_ZMK_COMBO_MAX_COMBOS_PER_KEY is the maximum number of combos that can be active on a key position. Defaults to 5. (So you can have 5 separate combos that use position 3 for example) • CONFIG_ZMK_COMBO_MAX_KEYS_PER_COMBO is the maximum number of keys that need to be pressed to activate a combo. Default 4. If you want a combo that triggers when pressing 5 keys, you'd set this to 5 for example.
الرئيسية / Uncategorized / Types of the very best abstracts submitted into the 2012-2013 selection that is abstract for the ninth annual new york State University graduate student history conference. Sample 1: “Asserting Rights, Reclaiming Space: District of Marshpee v. Phineas Fish, 1833-1843” From May of 1833 to March of 1834, the Mashpee Wampancag tribe of Cape Cod Massachusetts waged an campaign that is aggressive gain political and religious autonomy through the state. In March of 1834, the Massachusetts legislature passed an act disbanding the white guardians appointed to conduct affairs for the Mashpee tribe and incorporated Mashpee as an district that is indian. The Mashpee tribe’s fight to replace self-government and control over land and resources represents a”recover that is significant of space.” Equally significant is really what happened once that space was recovered. The main topic of this paper addresses an understudied and period that is essential the real history of this Mashpee Wampanoag tribe. Despite a growing body of literature from the Mashpee, scholars largely neglect the period between 1834 and 1869. This paper looks once the Mashpee tribe’s campaign to dismiss Harvard appointed minister Phineas Fish; the battle to regain the parsonage he occupied, its resources, plus the community meetinghouse. This paper will argue the tribe asserted its power within the political and physical landscape to reclaim their meetinghouse and the parsonage land. Ultimately, this assertion contributed to shaping, strengthening, and remaking Mashpee community identity. This research examines reports that are legislative petitions, letters, and legal documents to construct a narrative of Native agency when you look at the antebellum period. Note: This is part of my larger thesis project (in progress0 “Mashpee Wampanoag Government Formation additionally the Evolving Community Identity when you look at the District of Marshpee, 1834-1849.” Sample 2: “Private Paths to public venues: Local Actors and the Creation of National Parklands in the American South” This paper explores the connections between private individuals, government entities, and organizations that are non-governmental the creation of parklands throughout the American South. While current historiography primarily credits the federal government because of the creation of parks and protection of natural wonders, an investigation of parklands within the Southern United States reveals a reoccurring connection between private initiative and park creation. Secondary literature occasionally reflects the significance of local and non-government sources for the preservation of land, yet these works still emphasize the necessity of a national bureaucracy setting the tone fore the parks movement. Some works, including Jacoby’s Crimes Against Nature examine local actors, but focus on opposition into the imposition of new rules governing land when confronted with some outside threat. In spite of scholarly recognition of non-government agencies and local initiative, the necessity of local individuals in the creation of parklands remains and understudies aspect of American environmental history. Several examples within the American South raise concerns in regards to the traditional narrative pitting governmental hegemony against local resistance. This paper argues for widespread, sustained curiosity about both nature preservation and in creating spaces for public recreation at the local level, and finds that the “private path to public parks” merits further investigation. Note: This paper, entitled “Private Paths to Public Parks in the American South” was subsequently selected for publication in the NC State Graduate Journal of History. Sample 3: Untitled Previous generations of English Historians have produced a rich literature about the Levellers and their role when you look at the English Civil Wars (1642-1649), primarily dedicated to the Putney Debates and their contributions to Anglophone legal and thought that is political. Typically, their push to increase the espousal and franchise of a theory of popular sovereignty has been central to accounts of Civil War radicalism. Other revisionist accounts depict them as a sect that is fragmented of radicals whose religious bent marginalized and possibility that they might make lasting contributions to English politics or society. This paper seeks to locate a Leveller theory of religious toleration, while explaining how their conception of political activity overlapped their ideas that are religious. As opposed to focusing on John Lilburne, often taken given that public face associated with the Leveller movement, this paper will focus on the equally intriguing and far more consistent thinker, William Walwyn. Surveying his personal background, published writings, popular involvement in the Leveller movement, and attacks launched by his critics, i am hoping to declare that Walwyn’s unique contribution to Anglophone political thought was his defense of religious pluralism in the face of violent sectarians who sought to wield control over the Church of England. Even though Levellers were ultimately suppressed, Walwyn’s commitment to a tolerant society and a secular state really should not be minimized but rather seen as part of a more substantial debate about Church-State relations across early modern Europe. Ultimately this paper aims to subscribe to the rich historiography of religious toleration and popular politics more broadly. Sample 4: “Establishing a National Memory of Citizen Slaughter: A Case Study of this First Memory Site to Mass Murder in United States History – Edmond, Oklahoma, 1986-1989” Since 1989, memory sites to events of mass murder have not only proliferated rapidly–they have become the normative expectation within American society. When it comes to the greater part of American history, however, events commonly defined as “mass murder” have led to no permanent memory sites and the sites of perpetration themselves have traditionally been either obliterated or rectified so that both the community and also the nation could forget the tragedy and move ahead. This all changed may 29, 1989 as soon as the community of Edmond, Oklahoma officially dedicated the “Golden Ribbon” memorial towards the thirteen people killed in the”post that is infamous shooting” of 1986. In this paper I investigate the scenario of Edmond to be able to realize why it became the memory that is first of the kind in United States history. I argue https://www.edubirdies.org/buy-essay-online that the small town of Edmond’s unique political abnormalities on the day associated with shooting, coupled with the total that is near involvement established ideal conditions when it comes to emergence of the unique style of memory site. I also conduct a historiography associated with use of “the ribbon” to be able to illustrate how it has end up being the symbol of memories of violence and death in American society in the late century that is 20th. Lastly, I illustrate how the lack that is notable of between people involved in the Edmond and Oklahoma City cases after the 1995 Murrah Federal Building bombing–despite the close geographic and temporal proximity of the cases–illustrates this routinely isolated nature of commemorating mass murder and starkly renders the surprising number of aesthetic similarities that these memory sites share. Sample 5: “Roman Urns and Sarcophagi: The Quest for Postmortem Identity through the Pax Romana” “I am, the answer is ash and burnt embers;” thus read an anonymous early Roman’s burial inscription if you want to know who. The Romans dealt with death in a variety of ways which incorporated a selection of cultural conventions and beliefs–or non-beliefs as in the case associated with “ash and embers.” By the turn of the first century for this era, the Romans practiced cremation almost exclusively–as the laconic eloquence associated with the anonymous Roman also succinctly explained. Cremation vanished by the next century, replaced by the practice of this distant past by the century that is fifth. Burial first began to take hold in the western Roman Empire through the early second century, utilizing the appearance of finely-crafted sarcophagi, but elites through the Roman world did not discuss the practices of cremation and burial in detail. Therefore archaeological evidence, primarily in kind of burial vessels such as for example urns and sarcophagi represented the actual only real location to move to investigate the transitional to inhumation in the world that is roman. This paper analyzed a tiny corpus of these vessels to be able to identify symbolic elements which demarcate individual identities in death, comparing the patterns among these symbols into the fragments of text available relating to death into the Roman world. The analysis determined that the transition to inhumantion was a movement caused by an elevated desire on the element of Romans to preserve identity in death during and after the Pax Romana. عن كاتب 02 شاهد أيضاً اترك تعليقاً
The Battle of the Somme (July 1916) Principal offensive of the British Army on the Western Front in 1916, the Battle of the Somme was the first major deployment of the New Army of volunteers created by Lord Kitchener, Secretary of State for War, coming just three weeks after his death at sea when the ship taking him to Russia was sunk. The attack was to be concentrated on a wide front of about twenty kilometres long between Serre in the territory of Pas-de-Calais and Maricourt to the south, on the right bank of the river Somme. A diversionary attack was also scheduled for the first day of the offensive on German lines at Gommecourt, four kilometres to the north of Serre. Launched to coincide with a French operation to the south of the Somme, it was hoped the offensive would overwhelm the German positions in the hills and lead to a major breakthrough. The synchronized infantry attack was preceded by a week of preliminary shelling which culminated in the explosion of several gigantic land mines. At 7.30 a.m. on 1 July 1916 the British infantry flowed out of the trenches and, in orderly lines, set out to cross no man's land at a slow but regular pace. They soon came under heavy machine gun and rifle fire from the Germans who had survived the bombardment. The latter also shelled the assembly trenches where thousands of soldiers were waiting for their turn to go over the top. The losses were enormous. On the first day of the offensive the British troops succeeded in taking the enemy's lines in several places but this exposed them to the artillery fire of German reinforcements. Subsequent counter-attacks forced the British to withdraw from certain sectors they had captured over the previous days. The offensive was initially more successful in the southern part of the British front, undoubtedly aided by the French attack south of the Somme, but it soon got bogged down there too. By the evening of 1 July 1916 it had become clear that the attack was a complete disaster for the British Army with 19,240 men (including nearly 1,000 officers) killed in a mere twelve hours: it would turn out to be one of the most tragic episodes in the history of the nation. British society back home was particularly affected by the outcome because the volunteers to the New Army were organized into units according to where they came from, which meant that communities lost whole swathes of their younger generations. Yves Le Maner Director of La Coupole History and Remembrance Centre of Northern France
Warm weather amplifies tarantula mating season, but don't fear these 'gentle giants' One entomologist described tarantulas as the "puppies of the spider world." Tarantulas are coming out in droves in Northern California just in time for Halloween. But the gargantuan spiders aren't nearly as spooky as they look. Mating season is in full force outside the Bay Area The mating season at Mount Diablo typically begins the first week of September, but Morrison and other experts didn't see large numbers of the spiders until this past weekend, he said. Why you shouldn't be afraid of tarantulas Although many are frightened of tarantulas because "they are big and they are hairy," Morrison described them as "gentle giants." Tarantulas aren't aggressive, the experts said. Like most spiders, they have venom, but the venom is mild and not painful to humans, Jason Bond, a professor of entomology and nematology at the University of California Davis, told ABC News. Despite their relatively large fangs, in the unlikely event of a bite, Morrison said, it would be less severe than a bee sting. "They're very reluctant to bite you," Morrison said. "I've never had someone say that they were bitten by a tarantula." "Otherwise, they're generally sort of non-threatening," Bond said, adding that they have poor eyesight. Paul Marek, an entomology professor at Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University who had a tarantula species named after him in 2016, even described them as the "puppies of the spider world." "The individual more likely to get injured when handling a tarantula is the tarantula," Bond said. How tarantulas differ from other spiders "If a spider is running, it just runs," Morrison said. "A tarantula is much more tentative and moves it one direction, thinking about why it's moving there, feeling each step a little more." "They’re not returning home," Morrison said. "That’s their final voyage, basically." Tarantulas belong to a group of spiders called mygalomorphae spiders, which also include trapdoor spiders and funnel-web spiders, Bond said. These types are considered "primitive" because of their simple method for making silk for webs and due to their different respiratory systems, which use two pairs of book lungs, he added.
Quick Answer: Can Plants Grow Under 24 Hours Of Light? Can plants absorb light from the bottom? 1 Answer. Lighting a plant from beneath will cause the plant to grow towards the light, ergo, downwards, if it grows at all. Phototropism is the name of the process induced by lighting or sunlight from above – the plant wants to maximise the amount of light it receives, and therefore grows up towards the light.. How long should plants be under a grow light? As a general rule of thumb, most vegetables and flowering plants need 12 to 16 hours of light per day, with flowering plants at the top end of that range. Plan on giving most plants at least 8 hours of darkness per day. Can Too Much Light kill a plant? To put it bluntly, yes, too much light can eventually kill your plant. The light intensity can produces increasingly severe damage to your plant to the point where it dies. It can also dry out the plant to the point where it no longer has the water it needs for growth and photosynthesis. Do plants need direct sunlight or just light? Through the process of photosynthesis, plants transform solar radiation into the energy they need to grow and thrive. Plants that require full sun must grow outdoors and receive many hours of direct sunlight each day. … The light inside your house does not compare to the intensity of direct sunlight outdoors. What are the best grow lights for indoor gardening? Here, the best grow lights to consider for your indoor garden.Best Overall: Roleadro LED Full Spectrum Grow Light. … Best Budget: CFGROW LED Grow Light. … Runner-Up, Best Budget: Aceple LED Grow Light. … Best Hanging: Feit Electric Dual Full LED Plant Grow Tube Light. … Best LED Bulb: Haus Bright 100W LED Grow Light Bulb.More items… Can any LED light be used as a grow light? Technically, yes you can use any LED lights to grow plant, but that doesn’t ensure your plants will grow healthy or efficiently, as regular LED lights will not contain enough color or light spectrum which plants need to Photosynthesis. What happens when a plant has too much light? Plants are supposed to crave sunlight, but too much sunlight can create potentially deadly free radicals. But if the plants are exposed to too much sun, these molecules absorb more energy than they can handle and generate reactive species of oxygen that can destroy the plant. … Should I turn off the grow light at night? A: In general, you should not leave grow lights on 24/7. Plants need a light-dark cycle to develop properly. It’s believed that they truly do “rest” during periods of darkness, and probably use this time to move nutrients into their extremities while taking a break from growing. How do you know if your plant is getting too much water? Are You Sure that Plant Needs Water? 5 Signs of OverwateringWet and Wilting. It looks wilted, but the soil is wet. … Brown Leaves. If the leaves turn brown and wilt, there is the possibility that you have been overwatering. … Edema. The third sign that your plant has been overwatered is edema. … Yellow Falling Leaves. … Root Rot. Can plants get too much artificial light? How do I know if my plants are getting too much light? If your plant is not getting enough light, the most common sign is the yellowing and dropping of leaves, stunted leaf growth, elongated stems, and a dull-green color. If your plant is getting too much light, then its leaves will have singed tips, burned patches, or will be falling off (yikes!). Can LED grow lights burn plants? While LED lights do produce some heat, they deal with that heat more effectively than other light types. Plants can grow much closer to LEDs than other lighting types because of this. Usually crops can grow right up to the light without burning. Can plant grow lights cause cancer? The Potential Danger of UV Light For Humans But it isn’t only about skin care. … Likewise, most LED grow light manufacturers keep UVC out of their supplemental UV lights. However, most UV lights will contain UVA and UVB. As you probably know, UV rays can cause skin cancer with prolonged exposure and no protection. Can tomatoes grow in 24 hours of light? Scientists have found a gene in wild tomatoes that enables farmed tomato plants to be grown 24 hours a day under natural and artificial light, boosting yields by up to 20 per cent. … As a result, commercial tomatoes have to be grown under a day-night cycle in which light is limited to around 16 hours a day. What is my plant trying to tell me? What color LED light is best for seedlings? Light Color Red light stimulates vegetative growth and flowering (but if a plant gets too much, it will become tall and spindly). Blue light regulates plant growth, which makes it ideal for growing foliage plants and short, stocky seedlings (but too much will result in stunted plants). How far away should LED light be from seedlings? For seedlings, LED grow lights should generally be mounted between 24-36 inches above the plant canopy – however, this depends on the power (wattage) of the light source. Can plants get too much sun? A common problem with both indoor and outdoor plants is that they can suffer from too much sun. The sun’s rays can stress a plant’s leaves to the point of dehydration, causing the plant to lose much of its green vigor. Can lettuce grow under 24 hour light? Allow a little space between each seed. Water each container thoroughly and keep the soil warm. For best results, place the planters under a light for 24 hours a day. … Depending on the type of lettuce planted, seeds will begin to sprout in seven to 14 days. Should seedlings get 24 hours of light? Yes, it is true that your seedlings need lots of bright light to grow healthy and strong—but they also need a period of darkness in order to thrive. … These fluorescent lights should be left on for 12 to 16 hours a day. Many people make the mistake of leaving their seedlings under fluorescent lighting 24 hours a day. Can lettuce get too much light? All types of lettuce are short-day plants, which means the plants only need 10 to 12 hours of sunlight daily. For lettuce, adequate temperatures and moisture are of more concern than sunlight.
Is gluten bad? There’s a lot of press around gluten, and many people are now avoiding it. Some writers have associated it with bloating, weight gain and ill health and none of us want those things! So surely, avoidance is best? Not so fast… There is clear evidence that gluten is very damaging to those who have Coeliac Disease. But there is no evidence that either gluten or grains are bad for the rest of us, despite books like ‘Grain Brain’. So what does science show beyond doubt? (very little, actually). It shows that high fibre diets, that include whole grains (and gluten) are very beneficial for health as they help ward of cancer and heart disease. Increasingly, it looks as though part of the reason is because they encourage beneficial microbiome (gut bacteria). What about if you think you have a reaction to gluten? Many experiments have been run on people who have a diagnosed gluten-intolerance, and when given gluten in random doses, they displayed no reaction to it. So it looks as though something else is going on, but what? Firstly, any carbohydrate consumed in a large quantity will cause bloating, and as our portion sizes are now completely out of whack, it’s hard to know when to stop. We’re talking half a bagel, or one to two slices of bread (depending on the size of the slice and the loaf). That’s a serving, and some of us are feeling bloated because we’re eating too much. Secondly, in some instances, the use of herbicides on the grain prior to harvesting (yes, this is common practice in some countries, especially America – where wheat is sprayed with Glyphosate a few days before harvest to make it easier because the wheat is already dying). These herbicides remain in the grain and do us no favours at all. Thirdly, highly processed carbs don’t always sit well in the body. Many people are fine with barley and oats – both whole grains that contain gluten. It seems that the gluten itself isn’t a problem for most people, but some of the processing of the grain might be. What suits your body? Eating in the car: it still counts Michael is a delightful restaurant owner – he is the epitome of what you might imagine – jolly, jovial, larger than life. And you might be forgiven for assuming that the larger than life part is due to the abundance of food in his restaurants…. Think again. Because every night, on his way home from the restaurant, he buys a 1kg bar of Dairy Milk, and consumes the lot. Perhaps you’ve done it? You’ve just filled up with petrol, and somehow a bar of chocolate is in your lap, bought in a rush, an impulse at the checkout. You fumble at it, fingers slipping on the wrapper as you try to keep your hands on the steering wheel, heart pounding. You glance at the other drivers. They aren’t looking at you, their focus is on the road. Unlike yours. Your focus is on the wrapper that isn’t tearing. You put both hands in your lap and rip, and the paper tears. Saliva rushes into your mouth like a dam breaking. The chocolate is already melting with the heat of your lap and the urgency of your desire. You break a piece off, the brown staining your fingertips as you cram it into your mouth. The traffic ahead stops sharply and you slam your foot down, pulse racing as you swallow down the sticky sweetness. A long drive, you might think? Maybe a two hour commute where he’s hungry and needs sustenance? That’s not the case – his drive is approximately ten minutes. Maybe fifteen if the traffic is bad (which, by the time he leaves the restaurant, it never is). And in that time, during that brief drive, he ate (although I’m not sure this is the best word – perhaps inhaled?) a kilogram of chocolate. Did he really taste it? Did he enjoy it? Did he focus on it? Or did he shove it down as fast as he could so that no-one would know? When Michael came to see me, he told me this, with a bit of a giggle: laughter to cover his shame. He knew what the problem was, he just couldn’t stop it. Neuroscience is proving what food manufacturers have known for years… Until recently, research focused on physical hunger, and assumed that being obese meant you were just incredibly hungry and therefore had to eat loads. I suspect a number of us could have told them that eating dessert has nothing to do with feeling hungry or full. And at last, research is catching up. Michael Lowe, a clinical psychologist at Drexel University coined the term “hedonic hunger” in 2007. He says: “A lot of overeating, maybe all of the eating people do beyond their energy needs, is based on consuming some of our most palatable foods.” No kidding! Please don’t tell me it took years of scientific research to work that out. Who gets fat on cucumber? Research shows that extremely sweet or fatty foods light up the brain’s reward circuit in the same way that cocaine, drugs, gambling and other ‘addictive’ behaviours do. The brain begins to react to fatty and sugary foods even before they enter our mouth: just seeing them excites the reward circuit. As soon as such it touches the tongue, taste buds send signals to the brain, which ramps up dopamine. The result is an intense feeling of pleasure. Over time, the brain gets desensitised, so to get the same ‘high’ or pleasurable feeling, we need to eat more. It’s the same with any addiction. We need a bigger and bigger hit. The brain needs a lot more sugar and fat to reach the same level of pleasure that it once felt with smaller amounts of the foods. This isn’t a sign of us being weak. It’s us being in thrall to an addictive circuit in our brain. When dopamine levels drop, we feel down. So no wonder we turn to fat and sugar. They are literally acting as an anti-depressant. Food is acting like a drug. Excerpt from ‘Why we Cheat when we Eat and how to stop’. Blog at Up ↑
EDS biology blog 1: What is EDS and how does it affect collagen? Welcome to a series of blogs designed to introduce EDS/HSD biology! Some of my PhD research (supervised by Dr Darius Köster) is soon to be featured on hEDStogether and is going to involve some relatively complicated biology. To make sure everyone is able to understand and engage with this content, we have produced two short blogs to explain our current understanding of EDS/HSD, which should also help to familiarise our readers with some of the more technical terms often used in this field. In this blog, we are going to briefly introduce EDS, and explain how it can affect collagen. Ehlers-Danlos syndromes (EDS) are 14 conditions that affect the connective tissue. There are three characteristic features that define EDS: joint hypermobility, skin hyperextensibility and tissue fragility. For most of the 14 EDS subtypes, mutations have been found in the genes involved in making collagen. This affects how collagen fibrils and collagen fibres are made (Fig. 1), which is thought to make the connective tissue weak or fragile. Figure 1. The formation of collagen fibrils and fibres. Collagen molecules are made by fibroblasts, which then secrete them into the extracellular matrix (ECM). Collagen molecules in the ECM then associate together in a staggered pattern to form a collagen fibril. Collagen fibrils then associate with each other to form a collagen fibre. Image created with BioRender.com, adapted from Malek & Köster (2021) We can see some of these collagen abnormalities when we look at EDS/HSD skin biopsies under the microscope. The first type of abnormality affects the cross-section of the collagen fibril, and gives it a jagged outline instead of a perfectly circular one. This is often called a “flower-like” collagen fibril in the literature. Sometimes, the cross-section of all the collagen fibrils can have different diameters instead of being the same consistent size. The spacing between the collagen fibrils can also be affected, which causes fewer fibrils to be included in the collagen fibre. The problem with these abnormalities however, is that they are relatively minor and so they don’t provide a full explanation for why the connective tissue is so abnormal in EDS/HSD. These same abnormalities are also seen in people without EDS/HSD, while patients with a confirmed genetic basis for their EDS can sometimes show no collagen abnormalities at all. These therefore, cannot be the specific cause of EDS/HSD. This leads us to the biggest issues facing EDS/HSD patients today. Without an understanding of exactly how collagen is affected in EDS/HSD, or how it causes the connective tissue to become weak, the diagnostic and treatment options available are limited. This problem also informs the basis of my PhD research. It is clear, that the collagen fibril analyses are not revealing the answers we need, so could something other than collagen be important for the connective tissue? Are there other aspects of the connective tissue that are relevant to EDS/HSD and need further investigation? Find out more in blog 2 and future project page about my research. To make sure you don’t miss anything, follow me @SabeehaMalek and @hEDStogether on Twitter! See you in blog 2! Theocharidis, G., & Connelly, JT. (2019). Minor collagens of the skin with not so minor functions. Journal of Anatomy. https://doi.org/10.1111/joa.12584 Angwin, C., Ghali, N., Baker, D., Brady, AF., Pope, FM., Vandersteen, A., Wagner, B., Ferguson, DJP., van Dijk, FS. (2010) Electron microscopy in the diagnosis of Ehlers-Danlos syndromes: correlation with clinical and genetic investigations. British Journal of Dermatology. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjd.18165 Malek, S. & Köster, DV. (2021). The role of cell adhesion and cytoskeleton dynamics in the pathogenesis of the Ehlers-Danlos syndromes and hypermobility spectrum disorders. Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biologyhttps://doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2021.649082 Stay up to date Follow us for the latest on hypermobile Ehlers Danlos Syndrome and Hypermobility Spectrum Disorders.
What’s So Special About LED Lights? By November 8, 2018Electrical LED lights are made from a cluster or strip of Light Emitting Diodes, or LEDs. There are many characteristics of LED lights that make them far superior to incandescent or fluorescent globes, such as their incredible efficiency and benefits to the environment. LED lighting is a relatively new and emerging technology. You might have heard a few of their benefits, but here’s the rundown on what makes them so special.LED lights LED, or Light Emitting Diode Lighting, is the latest development in lighting technology that is good for your wallet, as well as the environment. LED Lights Save Energy The first thing that is touted about LEDs is their incredible efficiency. In fact, they consume up to 80% less energy than a standard incandescent light bulb. When you consider that lighting takes up around 10% of a homes energy use, you can really see where the savings come in. They Last Longer Along with being efficient, LED lights also have an incredibly long lifespan. Incandescent bulbs can often blow after a year, however, LED lights can clock in over 100,000 hours before they need to be changed. Most manufactures claim they will last somewhere between 50,000 and 80,000 hours. That’s 5-10 years! They Produce Less Heat Everyone knows how hot an incandescent bulb can get. You’ve probably gone to change a globe to find it scalding hot before having to wait for it to cool down. And no one wants hot globes, especially in the middle of summer. But why are they so hot? Incandescent lights are incredibly inefficient, 20% of the energy is converted to light, while a massive 80% converts to heat. So how do LED lights compare? Well, only 10%-20% converts to heat and the remaining 80%-90% all to lighting. Energy efficient and cool. They Are Good For the Environment There are numerous reasons why LED lights are better for the environment than standard globes. For starters, they use less energy – that’s a given. They also don’t contain some of the harmful chemicals that other globes do. For instance, neon lighting contains mercury, a harmful toxin if not disposed of correctly. As LED lights don’t have to be replaced so often they produce less waste. And on top of this they are made from 100% recyclable materials. ED Lights Come in a Range of Colours A criticism of non-traditional lights is that they don’t have the nice warm globe of an old-style incandescent bulb. Some people are taken aback by the harsh, cold lighting of newer style lights, especially where mood is crucial. However, fear no more, because LED lighting is now widely available in a range of colours, including warm white (similar to an incandescent bulb), a slightly lighter soft white, as well as bright white, which is great for specific tasks. They Save Money Yes, as they are a newer technology, LED lighting is more expensive than traditional lighting. However, when you factor in the savings in energy and replacement costs, they will quickly pay back what they owe you. If you have any questions about installing LED lighting in your home or business or have any other electrical queries, please don’t hesitate to get in touch with HunterCON today. Leave a Reply
vapor cigarette Do you know the Differences Between a normal Cigarette and an electric Vaporizer? An electric cigarette is simply an electronic device which simulates the smoking habit of tobacco. It usually consists of an electronic atomizer, a source of power just like a rechargeable battery, and a chamber just like a tank or cartridge. Instead of smoke, the user only inhales vapor instead. As such, using an electronic cigarette is generally described as “vaping.” More accurately, it really is called electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) or electric cigarettes. Like a traditional cigarette, an e cigarette delivers nicotine through your skin. The difference is based on the delivery system. Traditional cigarettes have to go up a smoke column to the lungs where they’re absorbed by the fat cells. Electronic cigarettes deliver nicotine directly through the skin where it acts being an antiseptic, delaying the onset of physical and mental ramifications of nicotine. In this way, the cigarettes may be less harmful than conventional cigarettes, but they still have a few negative health impacts. The most common health risks associated with vapour cigarettes is secondhand smoking. Much like smoke, nicotine is carried through body fluids, including saliva, meaning that even individuals who never smoked before can get puff marks when puffing on a vapour product. Electronic cigarettes can also produce particles that are inhaled, causing the same health threats connected with secondhand smoking. E vapors do not contain any of the same irritants or toxins as smoke, so users don’t need to worry about health problems due to vapour exposure. Since electronic cigarettes do not contain smoke, users are unaware when they are in contact with ash, ashtray fluid or nicotine. As a result, they may mistakenly believe they’re smoking or enjoying a vapour, when actually their lungs are being exposed to potentially damaging nicotine. For this reason, it is important to read the instructions carefully when working with e cigarettes. It is possible to turn the VapePens off and on at any time in order to avoid this problem, but this may not be practical for everyone. In the event that you would prefer to have the ability to turn the VapePens off without needing to be worried about potentially harmful ash, you should think about purchasing one of many disposable selection of vapor pen. Many adults consider themselves to be fairly healthy smokers, without previous history of tobacco use or illness. For this reason, it can be problematic for them to stop cigarettes, especially if they’re relying on e cigarettes or other vapor products to greatly help them quit. While it might seem easier to simply cut out cigarettes altogether, adult smokers can be reassured that using the products can be quite effective in helping them break this habit. By keeping the VapePens being an option, they can continue steadily to smoke in a safe manner without the of the health complications associated with quitting cigarettes. There is certainly nothing wrong with using a vaporizer to help people quit the cigarette, but many traditional cigarette smokers could find that they prefer to have the traditional cigarette. In this instance, it is possible to buy a vaporizer which has a traditional look and feel, but nonetheless allows you to take vaporized cigarettes in its chamber. This type of vaporizer is a lot more discreet than the VapePens, but many smokers should be able to adjust the settings so they obtain the same nicotine level from vaporizing their traditional cigarettes as they do from the vaporizer. Since vapor cigarettes sort out a chemical reaction between herbal ingredients and the electronic system in the pen, some users report an unhealthy nicotine delivery. Although there’s generally forget about nicotine delivered than will be given by a regular cigarette, some users report that this nicotine delivery can be irritating and difficult to tolerate. Fortunately, you can find solutions to this issue, such as for example purchasing a nicotine patch or nicotine gum. The nicotine patches can offer the nicotine level that’s needed to help the smoker quit cigarettes. Nicotine gum is similar, except that it provides the excess nicotine boost in gum form. These products can also be a highly effective solution for those who don’t need as much nicotine because the patch or gum could provide. Most vaporizers will have some nicotine built-in to them. However, it could be desirable to have a lot more nicotine because smoking often requires more nicotine compared to the person usually needs, especially when they are on the run. Also, if a person is wanting to quit smoking for health reasons, they may want to have just a little more nicotine than they usual have. There is absolutely no reason to feel constricted or limited in one’s options with regards to using an electronic vaporizer to greatly help them quit smoking. They’re easy to use, convenient, and may provide a great option to traditional cigarettes.
Internet vs. Intranet b2ap3_thumbnail_intranet_not_internet_400Can you tell the difference between the two words, Internet and Intranet? The difference is much more than simply two letters. Both are valuable marketing tools, particularly for small businesses, but what exactly differentiates them from each other? The key to understanding this is a simple English lesson. A quick analysis of the word “Internet” splits it into two parts; inter and net, meaning network. The word inter is a verb meaning to “put in the earth, bury”[i]. Network is simple enough to guess, meaning too many things to list here – in this case, we’ll go with an “interconnected group of people”. As great as it is to see the Internet as a network of zombies obsessed with technology, the more proper etymologically-sound definition for inter would the Latin preposition meaning “between”. So, in essence, the Internet is a massive group of people connected by their computers. However, Intranet means something else entirely. The word-forming element intra means “within, inside, on the inside”, so that makes it nearly the exact opposite of the Internet; rather than a complex network of people spread out all around the globe, an Intranet is an internal network woven between systems within an organization. If all of your small business’s computers are connected like this. You have an intranet, but it’s a lot more than just a technical connection. Your intranet is about the relationships you have with the people around you, and the way that they communicate with you through the technology. PACE Technical Services wants to help you use it to further develop the way you utilize your intranet. Leadership is Important With any aspect of human interaction, it’s important to hear the voice of everyone involved. To this end, an intranet is exceptionally useful. Collaboration is extremely useful when it comes to marketing, but not as important as a leadership role. Without some semblance of order, nothing can be accomplished. After all, it takes at least one push to get the ball rolling, and once it gets going it will continue to roll until it hits something or it ceases to exist. Be the person to pick the ball up and roll it again. A reliable intranet will result in more effective leadership and prompt responses. Maybe the other employees will even take some initiative and roll the ball themselves. …But Not More Important than the Clients The most important part of any marketing campaign are the consumers. Without them, you wouldn’t have any reason to run the marketing campaign. When discussing your intranet, it’s important to take into account the opinions of the consumers. There should be a way for them to interact with your employees and express what they want in your product. The more people who can view this information, the better. Humans are social animals, so it’s natural that communication is important to us. This communication is key to letting a marketing strategy flourish. Your company’s network is the best place for this communication, so it’s important to have an organized intranet. There are plenty of solutions available, and PACE Technical Services can provide you with the intranet strategy that suits your needs. If your company’s intranet has seen better days, contact PACE Technical Services at 905.763.7896 and see what options are available for you. With our managed IT services, we can ensure your infrastructure is sound, and provide you with the means to jumpstart your company’s communication–with both your intranet and Internet. [i] Definitions from the Online Etymology Dictionary Share on facebook Share on google Share on twitter Share on linkedin 475 Cochrane Drive. Unit 4 Markham, Ontario L3R 9R5 Phone: (905) 763-7896
Italy: Computational modeling for muon spectroscopy Density Functional Theory (DFT) is a computational quantum mechanical modelling method employed to calculate the electronic structure and electron density of atoms, molecules, condensed phases and other systems in physics, chemistry and materials science. Walter Kohn was awarded the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1998 for his fundamental contribution to the development of this workhorse of modern atomistic computation. It utilises fundamental and established scientific laws to determine total energies and atomic structures, a vast amount of spectroscopic and thermodynamic quantities and it serves as the basic ingredient for the investigation of exited state properties. The increase in computer power over the last decades, together with improved approaches and corrections to the DFT method have provided very valuable insight into structures and properties of materials . DFT for muon spectroscopy DFT calculations are very useful in muon spectroscopy because they help answer two key questions related to muon data analysis. 1. Where is the muon? Muons usually localize in interstitial lattice positions, i.e. they sit in the empty spaces within the crystal structure of the atoms. Exactly which sites in the sample are occupied by muons is very hard to determine experimentally, so DFT methods can provide excellent assistance by determining the expected implantation sites and, from this, the magnetic fields that the muons experience. 2. Does the muon change the magnetic structure? The muon will locally distort the lattice around its implantation site and it could potentially change the local electronic structure of a material as well. The second effect, very rare, would generate very inaccurate information on the material if it was ignored. The first, when known, can be easily taken into account by small corrections. DFT calculations can evaluate the interactions and the distortion of the lattice around the muon (by comparing with the pristine material), and it can predict the rare cases where the muon locally alters the material properties significantly. Thus DFT could be extensively used alongside experimental results to assist in the muon data analysis providing the knowledge of both the muon location and its influence on the local electronic properties. Standard implentation of these computational methods could even replace some expensive and time-consuming experimental measurements altogether. Acknowledgements: Roberto De Renzi, UNIPR and Thomas Holm Rod, ESS Pietro Bonfa and Roberto De Renzi, Toward the Computational Prediction of Muon Sites and Interaction Parameters, J. Physical Society of Japan 1 July 2016 J S Möller, P Bonfà, D Ceresoli, F Bernardini, S J Blundell, T Lancaster, R De Renzi, N Marzari, I Watanabe, S Sulaiman and M I Mohamed-Ibrahim, Playing quantum hide-and-seek with the muon: localizing muon stopping sites Physica Scripta 4 December 2013
A trachyandesite composed of olivine and augite phenocrysts in a groundmass of labradorite with alkali feldspar rims, olivine, augite, a small amount of leucite, and some dark-colored glass. Its name is derived from the Shoshone River, Wyoming and given by Iddings in 1895. There is currently no content classified with this term.
Assign this text to deeply engage your students! Teaching Raising America’s Spirits Raising America’s Spirits Washington realized that the American people could tire of the war. So could his army, if it kept suffering defeats. Washington needed a quick victory, or two, to raise the spirits of his soldiers and of the rest of the nation. Core Knowledge Core Knowledge Foundation How did Washington's new plan increase the Patriots' belief that they could win? Assign this text to your students for free!
What is the relationship between the research status of tracked transport vehicles and the development of dynamic modeling Tracked transportation vehicles have appeared two centu […] Tracked transportation vehicles have appeared two centuries ago. Since then, people have begun to study tracked transportation vehicles and have obtained rich accumulation. At first, the tracked traveling device was only used on agricultural vehicles, and the tank only appeared in the First World War. With the deepening of research, people gradually realized that the design parameters of the vehicle have an extremely important impact on the performance of the entire vehicle, and the mechanical relationship between the vehicle and the ground is closely related to the maneuverability of the crawler transport vehicle.8X8 Amphibious Vehicle For example, the load on the ground and the traction of the vehicle will be affected by the position of the center of gravity of the vehicle, and the running resistance and subsidence of the crawler transport vehicle will be affected by the crawler drive system. Since World War II, people have conducted more in-depth research on concepts such as ground pressure. Ground pressure is an important indicator of the overall performance of a crawler transport vehicle. It is only applicable to small road wheels, small track and long-pitch crawlers, but not applicable to short-pitch crawlers and large road wheels on high-speed crawler transport vehicles. Because the pressure value has changed significantly during the grounding length of the track, the concept of the average value of the maximum pressure under all road wheels is proposed to solve it. Baker is the proponent and founder of ground mechanics. Since then, people have systematically and comprehensively studied ground mechanics. Due to the changing environment of crawler transport vehicles, and the very complex mechanical systems of their own, coupled with people’s understanding of road characteristics and insufficient research on the response of vehicles to road spectra, people have been using "experiences" for a long period of time. "Experiment" is a traditional research mode to study tracked transport vehicles. Since this research mode requires a wealth of empirical formulas and a large number of experiments as the basis, it has disadvantages such as a large amount of cost and a long development cycle. In recent years, the basic theory of tracked transport vehicles has been rapidly developed, and in continuous improvement, people have a more in-depth understanding of tracked transport vehicles. First, due to the continuous development and improvement of ground mechanics, people have a deeper understanding of the force relationship between the vehicle and the ground. Secondly, with the rapid development of computer technology and numerical simulation in the analysis and performance prediction of tracked transportation vehicles The continuous application of the algebraic-differential equations used to describe the dynamic performance of tracked vehicles has emerged and been solved. Third, the gradual maturity of the dynamics of multi-body systems has pointed out the way out for the solution of the complexity of tracked vehicles. At the same time, through the use of multi-body dynamics, it is possible to quantify the various components of the tracked transport vehicle into rigid or flexible bodies, and then use various constraints to combine them, and finally obtain the tracked transport vehicle’s performance by solving the constraint equations and dynamics equations. Kinetic performance
5 Signs of a Severe Hernia When your internal organs push through the muscle wall in your groin or abdomen, a hernia forms. Hernias develop with a combination of physical strain and muscle weakness, and they often create a visible lump under your skin. Anyone can get a hernia and they range in size, location, and severity — but they don’t go away on their own. Your hernia may not have other noticeable symptoms besides a lump, but it can be painful and get worse over time. At the Center for Minimally Invasive and Robotic Surgery, Rachel Alt, MD, Brian Prebil, DO, and our team specialize in hernia treatment. If you have a small hernia, you might not need surgery right away and we might recommend watchful waiting at first. It’s important to keep a close eye on your hernia because it can get progressively larger over time. Severe hernias can cause life-threatening complications, so learning to recognize the warning signs can help you quickly get the care you need. 1. Sudden or worsening pain Some hernias cause pain or sensations like aching, heaviness, or weakness. If you notice sudden pain or pain that’s gotten significantly worse, it could be a sign of a severe hernia complication called strangulation. If you have a strangulated hernia, the organ that’s pushing through your muscle wall isn’t getting blood. This condition is life-threatening and requires immediate medical treatment. 2. Hernia bulge changing color The lump caused by a hernia is typically the color of your skin. But if it changes color and becomes red, purple, or much darker than your usual skin tone, it could be a sign that something is wrong. Your skin may change color if blood flow to your hernia is cut off. 3. Nausea or vomiting Hernias often involve organs in your digestive system, from your stomach to your intestines. If your hernia is severe, the affected organ can get trapped in your muscle wall. It’s called an incarcerated hernia, and it can cause digestive issues like nausea, upset stomach, and vomiting. 4. Fever A normal body temperature is around 98.6° F, but everyone’s body temperature varies slightly. Adults with temperatures above 100.4° F are considered to have a fever. If you have a fever and other signs of a hernia, you might be developing a strangulated hernia. 5. Constipation The inability to have a bowel movement or pass gas could be related to your hernia. If a portion of your intestine gets trapped in the hernia, it can cause a bowel blockage and constipation. You might notice indigestion, a feeling of heaviness, or changes in bowel habits. If you think you have a hernia, don’t ignore it. Getting a diagnosis is the only way to know how severe your hernia is and whether you need surgery to treat it. We specialize in minimally invasive hernia repair with the da Vinci® surgical system, so you can get treatment and get back to your life quickly. Learn more about minimally invasive hernia repair with a consultation at the Center for Minimally Invasive and Robotic Surgery. Contact us online or call our Peoria, Arizona, office at 623-227-2581 today. You Might Also Enjoy... Is Robotic Surgery Safe? The thought of surgery can be scary. Maybe you’re wondering how safe it is, what happens in the operating room, or how long it takes to recover. No surgery is 100% risk free, but robotic surgery could give you a better outcome and shorter recovery. Surgery for Diverticulitis: What to Expect Diverticulitis is an intestine condition characterized by inflammation and infection. If your symptoms aren’t relieved with conservative care, surgery may be a good option. Learn what happens during minimally invasive diverticulitis surgery here. How Diet and Stress Impact Hernias Hernias form when organs or other tissue push through muscles in your abdomen. It’s a common medical condition, but did you know your habits could make your hernia worse? Learn how your diet and more affect your hernia and your health. Top Treatments for GERD Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is chronic acid reflux. It can cause heartburn, a lump in the throat, and more, and make daily life uncomfortable for those who have it. If you’re living with GERD, it’s time to find a treatment that works. Recovering from Gallbladder Surgery If you have gallstones, the most effective treatment may be surgery. Laparoscopic gallbladder surgery is minimally invasive, but it’s still surgery. Learn what to expect when you’re recovering from gallbladder surgery. When to See a Doctor About Abdominal Pain Indigestion can cause abdominal discomfort, but so can more serious conditions like hernia or appendicitis. With all the possible causes of abdominal pain, it’s not always easy to know when your symptoms mean you should see a doctor. Find out here.
In order to avoid having two separate navies, one on the East Coast and one on the West, the United States invested in completing the Panama Canal. It was operational in 1916, allowing our East and West coast fleets to support each other. Today modern warships, large cargo containers, and cruise ships can traverse the forty-eight-mile long shortcut. The Canal is a crucial link in our foreign trade and military strategy. Should we lose it, even for a short while, it would be catastrophic. The first traitor In 1977, U.S. President Jimmy Carter signed a treaty which agreed to return 60% of the Canal Zone to Panama by 1999. The canal and remaining territory, known as the Canal Area, was returned to Panama at noon on December 31, 1999. take our poll - story continues below So, what’s the big problem? Prior to signing over the canal, President Carter was cautioned of the folly of this action. His top military brass warned him the Canal was our Achille’s heel, and it would cost tens of thousands of American military lives if it had to be retaken from an enemy. Blocking or sabotaging the canal entrances or locks would require the Atlantic Fleet to sail around the southern tip of South America in order to provide reinforcements for the Pacific Command on the West Coast. This detour would be over 8,000 miles and could take up to fourteen days, rather than a three-four day crossing via the Caribbean and through the canal. The second traitor For years, President Clinton knew China was maneuvering to work out a deal with Panama to control the canal, and he did nothing. As strategically important as the canal was to the United States, the government could have encouraged a US company to compete with China, and pressured Panama to accept their offer. The lease arrangement China negotiated with Panama has brought the communist nation tens of billions of dollars in revenue. But, then again, Clinton was too busy selling out our defense secrets to China via Loral to focus on matters close to home. Immediately following Panama taking control of the canal, the Chicoms moved in via the Panama Ports Company, a division of the Hutchinson-Whampoa Corporation. The Chinese leased the ports (Balboa and Cristobal), one on each end of the canal, and have controlled traffic through the canal for the last twenty years. The third traitor A child could see the vulnerability of having China control this crucial artery between our two fleets, but in 1999 President George Bush’s Secretary of State, Colin Powell dismissed the dangers presented by the Chicoms. Since that time Powell has revealed himself to be a staunch Chicom advocate, even going as far as to encourage President Trump to take a softer approach with China. Pressure on Panama by the Bush administration could have scuttled the Hutchinson-Whampoa deal at the last minute, but Bush was asleep at the wheel…or agreed with Powell. The final traitor After the Panama Canal was first opened around 1916, ship designs were changed to allow them to fit through the locks. This design became known as Panamax. In 2006 a large expansion project began to widen the canal, allowing for a much larger new class of ship called neo-Panamax. The issue with this new class of ships was that most US ports couldn’t accommodate them. President Obama was encouraged to spend money on expanding our East Coast port capacities, thus allowing those port cities to benefit from the massive increase in inbound cargo. Preferring to waste money on his pet projects, Obama declined, and many of our ports were still unable to take advantage of this potential windfall when the canal expansion was completed the last year of his presidency. The dark future There is absolutely no escaping the headlock China has us in. Should Beijing decide to make a move on Taiwan or other strategic targets in Asia, they could block the canal with a few container ships, effectively cutting our Navy in half. This blocking move would do no damage to the canal for future operations, but it would lead to a dangerous stand-off. How many presidents have we had that could deal firmly with such a crisis? If the Chicoms use a blocking strategy, they will expect, and be prepared for, a military assault. They could delay our Atlantic Fleet’s access to the canal longer by using explosives or a missile to take out the locks. China won’t ever willingly give up the canal The Panama Canal is more to the Chicoms than a potentially strategic blocking point; it is their golden gateway into the Americas. China now has diplomatic relations with Panama and Costa Rica and has promised infrastructure assistance to Honduras and Nicaragua. There is another sneaky element to China’s interest in the region. China intends to bring Taiwan back into the fold, and ten of Taiwan’s twenty diplomatic allies are in that area. If China can buy them off, it will weaken Taiwan’s security. What’s being done today? Both Secretary of State Mike Pompeo, and Vice President Pence have visited with President Cohen of Panama, encouraging the Panamanian people and their leaders to be cautious in their dealings with China. Until President Trump took office, everyone in previous administrations had turned a blind to the Chicom expansion in our own backyard, leaving China to expand their interests in our hemisphere. One thing we know for certain, the Panama Canal could very well be the flashpoint for WWIII. You Might Like More China: David Brockett writes for DC Clothesline and DC Dirty Laundry
4 Options To Control Pigeons in A Large Area Getting rid of pigeons from roofs, balconies, and industrial areas is one of the most frequently asked questions by people who have pigeon problems. Pigeons are frequently fed through leftovers and trash, but some pigeon lovers nourish the pigeons with good daily feed. It causes more damage than good for the birds because the pigeons start to congregate in huge figures, which leads to different difficulties for residents of the area. As a result, some people use fatal and non-humane methods for getting rid of pigeons. Pigeons cause annoyance and health hazards. In large cities, easily accessible food and water, plenty of free housing, rare predators are the factors that support pigeons’ growth. When pigeons’ population becomes too large, causing a disturbance, then the pigeons’ carnage is often the primary step. However, the killing of pigeons is ineffective, and there are improved, non-fatal solutions to pigeon problems. Different Problems Caused by Pigeons The most common type of pest bird, e.g. pigeon, is causing a wide range of problems in a wide range of structures, from manufacturing plants to airports, offices, the rooftops of stores and homes. Pigeons excrete extremely acidic droppings; therefore, they can do much damage in a small phase. Every year, pigeons cause huge damage in city areas. The major problems caused by pigeons includes • They can harm a company’s or commercial enterprise’s image by creating a negative impression. • The debris from roosting pigeon flocks can clog gutters and drains. • Air conditioning and rooftop machinery are frequently damaged. • The droppings of pigeons create hazardous surfaces, putting people at risk of slipping and falling. • Pigeon droppings can cause several diseases. • They carry fleas and other parasites that are harmful to human health. But as we know that it is illegal to kill pigeons or any other wild bird species, we need to follow some humane methods for getting rid of them. Read on to know more about the humane ways to control pigeons in a large area: Ways to Control Pigeons in Large Areas 1. Pigeon Birth Control Program One of the most effective and humane methods to solve the pigeon problem in large areas is the birth control program for pigeons. Ovocontrol is a globally used birth control program for pigeons. It is a controlled baiting system that works like a contraceptive. It is carefully administered and strictly observed to avoid any impact on non-target birds. Scientific research has proved it to be both environmentally friendly and safe for the hatchability of eggs of most other birds. 2. Anti-Bird Spikes Anti-bird spikes, also known as spike strips, are a set of attachable spikes that can be fastened to a surface to prevent pigeons from nesting in areas where you don’t want birds. The spikes will not necessarily harm the birds, which is a good thing if you want to stay on the right side of the law. However, the spikes will deter birds from nesting wherever the spikes are laid. Bird spikes, when properly installed, will prevent larger birds from landing anywhere on or around your business. It is important to note that some smaller bird species, such as starlings and sparrows, will not be permanently deterred if only bird spikes are used. Bird and pigeon spikes are not harmful to birds; instead, they serve as a visual and physical barrier. Because the birds do not directly contact the bird spikes, it is a humane bird deterrent. 3. Bird Repelling Gels If you’re wondering how to get rid of pigeons on your roof, keep in mind that you need to make it less appealing to them. You can do this by using pigeon repellent gel to make their roosting areas uninhabitable. A sticky trap, also known as sticky gel, is a bird repellent that uses a chemical to create a translucent barrier across structures, causing a bird’s feet to become stuck to the surface, causing the bird to struggle to get free. A pigeon will avoid landing on structures that contain the gel because it does not want to go through the experience of breaking free from the sticky chemical a second time. 4. Ultrasound repeller for pigeons Birds have a keen sense of hearing, allowing them to pick up on sounds that human ears cannot. They must have an acute hearing to hear the calls of other birds. It helps them detect food, a potential mate, and danger. Use this to your advantage and use sound to get rid of pigeons. The Ultrasonic Bird Repellers can help remove pigeons from your property by emitting bird distress calls and predator sounds. It has several settings that allow you to blend several pre-recorded sounds to make it sound more natural. Other types of pigeon control devices that use sound to get rid of pigeons use frequencies that only these birds can hear. It has a lower frequency than human ears can detect, but it is irritating to pigeon ears. Hence, using ultrasonic repellents are safe for both humans and pigeons. About Salman Zafar Leave a Reply
Skip to main content How climate change and wildlife management affect population structure in wild boars Global climate change affects many species and contributes to the exceptional population growth of wild boar populations and thus to increasing human-wildlife conflicts. To investigate the impact of climate change on wild boar populations we extended existing models on population dynamics. We included for the first time different juvenile conditions to account for long-lasting effects of juvenile body mass on adult body mass and reproductive success. Our analysis shows that incorporating phenotypes, like body mass differences within age classes, has strong effects on projected population growth rates, population structures and the relative importance of certain vital rates. Our models indicated that an increase in winter temperatures and food availability will cause a decrease in mean body mass and litter size within Central European wild boar populations. We further analysed different hunting regimes to identify their effects on the population structure as well as their efficiency in limiting population growth. While targeting juveniles had the lowest effect on population structure, such strategies are, however, rather ineffective. In contrast, culling predominantly yearlings seems very effective. Despite being equally effective, only focusing on adults will not result in a reduction of population size due to their low proportion within populations. Climate change affects population growth as well as demography and population structure in various species e.g.1,2,3,4. While many species decline in abundance and distribution others cope well with climate change and thrive1,5,6. The latter typically reach high population densities, expand their distribution range and thus might cause severe human-wildlife conflictssuch as agricultural damage, the spread of diseases, negative effects on other species, or an increased risk of traffic collisions7. The wild boar Sus scrofais among the clear winners of global climate change. The tremendous growth of wild boar populations over the past decades could already be linked to improvements in food availability and winter weather conditions caused by climate change8,9,10,11,12,13. Apart from a few regions, negative effects like density dependence or increasingly hotter summers are unlikely to noticeably limit this growth in the near future13. With ongoing climate change, the current population growth is therefore likely to continue or even to accelerate. Wild boars have a tremendous reproductive potential with one sow being able to give birth to up to 14 offspring in a single litter14,15,16,17. At the same time reproduction is also highly variable in wild boar with respect to litter size and also offspring body mass can vary strongly between years, within years, and even within litters14,17,18,19. Juvenile body mass, however, affects adult body mass and reproductive success in wild boar, as in other ungulates20,21. In previous models of wild boar population dynamics these long-lasting effects of juvenile body mass have not been considered14,16,22. Especially smaller juveniles, which have high rates of heat loss23,24, will benefit from improving environmental conditions, i.e. increasing winter temperatures and food availability, and contribute disproportionally to population growth13. Thus, climate change most likely also affects population structure and phenotypes in wild boar, like in other species e.g.1,6,25. In order to investigate how favourable conditions affect wild boar population structure and dynamics we extended and refined previous population models14,16,22 and developed an age-body mass hybrid Leslie matrix model26. Expanding our knowledge on population responses to changing environmental conditions is not only important for our understanding of how different species react to climate change but is also essential for effective management strategies. In wild boars, improved population control strategies are urgently required. First, to curtail strong population growth, which is increasing human-wildlife conflicts and ecological threats (e.g.27,28,29). Second, because guidelines recommend that if African swine fever is diagnosed nearby a population, a reduction of the wild boar population by 80% is requiredto stop the spread of the disease30. Management of this species via traditional hunting practices in Europe, however, seems increasingly difficult9. Under good environmental conditions, juvenile survival has a particularly strong impact on wild boar population growth16. This led to the suggestion that harvesting female juveniles will have the strongest effect on population growth rates16. However, due to the large absolute number of juveniles and the indistinguishability of sexes from a distance at that age, such strategies are known to be extremely time-consuming. To identify the most effective hunting strategies we modelled a variety of different culling regimes. Further, we calculated the relative effect of the harvest of a single individual of each class, with respect to population growth, to investigate how efficient different regimes of selective hunting are with respect to population control. Although some studies investigated how selective harvest affects wild boar population growth14,16,22 data on how population structure is altered are still lacking for this species. Findings on the effects of culling regimes from other species like deer or bovids31,32,33, however, cannot be easily applied to wild boars because of their very special population dynamics compared to similar sized ungulates14. We therefore additionally modelled how different culling regimes may affect population structure under environmental conditions favouring population growth. Previous findings show that younger, smaller individuals gain importance under increasing winter temperatures and food availability16. We therefore hypothesised that, even within age classes, smaller individuals will become increasingly important regarding population growth and constitute a higher proportion within the population in response to improving environmental conditions. Given the naturally high proportions of juveniles within wild boar populations34, we further hypothesised that culling regimes focusing on this age class will disrupt the natural population structure the least. However, as reproductive output increases with age, e.g.34,35, we expected culling regimes focusing more on older age classes to be more efficient in limiting wild boar population growth. Material and Methods Life cycle and matrix model In order to model effects of environmental changes and selective hunting on wild boar population structure, we used a hybrid Leslie matrix population model (Fig. 1). This model combined an age-class model with a two-level phenotype variable based on juvenile body mass resulting in six female classes (i.e., heavy and light juveniles, yearlings that have been heavy or light and adults that have been heavy or light as juveniles). For an overview on the abbreviations used for different classes see Table 1. In accordance with previous publications, juveniles were categorised into light or heavy based on a threshold body mass of 30 kg live weight35,36 (for detailed information see Supplementary Information 1). A one-year autumn-to-autumn projection interval was used. In wild boars, juveniles can be born until late summer37,38. Consequently, this interval included the extended parturition season and yielded a complete post-reproduction model. This results in a more accurate number of offspring present in autumn, which is most important for managers as the main hunting seasons for wild boar in Central Europe are autumn and winter. Further, juvenile body mass in autumn is already informative regarding the reproductive potential within the upcoming reproductive season35,36. Figure 1 Life cycle model with three age classes of female wild boars (i.e., juveniles, yearlings and adults). These were additionally divided in two groups respectively in order to incorporate the long lasting effects of juvenile body mass. Black arrows indicate survival, red arrows indicate fecundity. Table 1 Abbreviations for classes of female wild boar. Because of this projection interval, age class transition as well as parturition occurred in the middle of the interval for most of the individuals. Consequently, the computed fecundity incorporated winter survival of the reproducing female as well as summer survival of the produced female offspring. Given a balanced sex ratio in wild boar34 this resulted in the following equation for fecundity: F = winter survival * breeding probability * average number of offspring * offspring summer survival * 0.5 Modelling environmental conditions To model effects of changing environmental conditions on population structure and phenotype, the model was parametrised for two scenarios: favourable (tree mast and mild winter) and unfavourable (no mast and severe winter) environmental conditions. Survival and fecundity rates for parametrisation of the two models were taken from the literature (Table 2; for detailed information see Supplementary Information 1). Weight class specific fecundities and relative contributions to HJ (heavy juveniles) and LJ (light juveniles, all abbreviations are given in Table 1) were calculated using our own data on reproduction of yearlings heavy or light as juveniles (n[YLAJ]= 20, n[YHAJ]= 21, n[Offspring]= 112) and adult sows heavy or light as juveniles (n[ALAJ]= 23, n[AHAJ]= 20, n[Offspring]= 112) kept under semi-natural conditions (for detailed information see Supplementary Information 1). No data were available for seasonal survival of yearling and adult wild boar and for the differences in winter survival between HJ and LJ. The main natural cause of death among older wild boar classes is starvation39, which occurs mostly in winter when food availability is lowest. Consequently, a high summer survival of 95% was assumed for yearlings and adults. Further, smaller individuals are more susceptible to cold temperatures because of a lower body surface to volume ratio and the resulting higher energy demands for thermoregulation23,24. It therefore seems plausible that LJ have lower survival rates than HJ. Thus, winter survival was assumed to be 10% higher and lower for HJ and LJ, respectively, compared to the averages for all juveniles under favourable and unfavourable conditions. The effects of these assumptions on the model outcome were tested by altering the respective percentages (Supplementary Information S2). Table 2 Vital rates used for each class and environmental condition. Intermediate environmental conditions (e.g., mast and severe winter) were not modelled due to poor data availability and the fact that sufficient food availability in winter compensates for negative effects of severe winters13. Only data from Central European populations were considered for model parametrisation as Mediterranean populations are considerably different with respect to body mass, litter size and other life history parameters13,40. The resulting projection matrices were analysed with respect to stable stage structure, sensitivities and elasticities26, i.e., the absolute or proportional effect of each matrix element on asymptotic population growth rate (λ), respectively41. All statistical analyses were computed in R Version 3.3.2;42 using the R-package ‘popbio’ Version 2.43;41. Modellingculling regimes In Central Europe, wild boar hunting usually concentrates in the season of late autumn until the end of January35,36. Therefore, summer hunting mortality was ignored in the present model with hunting mortality only adding to winter but not to summer mortality. Differences in juvenile body mass (heavy or light juveniles) remain visible in autumn and winter, i.e. seasons very close to the time of the classification of juveniles into the two weight classes. Therefore, selective harvest within juveniles was considered in the modelled hunting scenarios. In contrast, a reliable classification of yearlings and adults based on their juvenile body mass is less likely. Despite slight long-term effects of juvenile on adult body mass, additional factors might have affected growth or body condition in these classes. Therefore, hunting mortalities of HAJ or LAJ females (abbreviations see Table 1) were considered to be proportional to their respective numbers within the age classes. This resulted in four different hunting classes: light juveniles, heavy juveniles, yearlings, and adults. Series of hunting mortality rates (HMR) for each class were created ranging from 0 (none harvested) to 1 (all harvested) at 0.05 intervals. To investigate the effect on population growth and structure we focused on the following culling regimes: (i) a totally unselective hunt (HMR of all age classes are the same); (ii) a highly selective hunt on only one of the four classes with HMR = 0 for all other classes, to identify the effect of removing individuals of each age class separately, and (iii) three culling regimes mimicking natural predation with a low HMR of 25% for classes older than one year (as recommended in34,43)and differential selection among juveniles (i.e., HMR of juveniles ranging from 0 to 1 with NH1: no selection among juveniles, NH2: selective removal of heavy juveniles only, and NH3: selective removal of light juveniles only). To account for improving environmental conditions13 the model parametrised for favourable conditions was used to model the effects of the different culling regimes. This was done by multiplying both fecundities and transition probabilities of this parametrisation with hunting survival (1–HMR). To compare the efficiency of different strategies, hunting mortality scenarios which resulted in a stable population (λ ≈ 1) were translated into absolute numbers of females to be harvested. For this we used an idealised population of 501 females according to the stable stage structure found without hunting under favourable conditions (Fig. 2). Figure 2 Stable stage distribution under favourable and unfavourable environmental conditions without hunting. We refer here to “stage” since we considered age and body mass together in our modelling procedure. Thus light juveniles as well as yearlings and adults, which have been light as juveniles are displayed in light grey, heavy juveniles as well as yearlings and adults, which have been heavy as juveniles are displayed in dark grey. Please note that there can be more adults than yearlings because adults remain several years within this age class whereas yearlings and juveniles remain only one year in the respective age class. To ease decision making for hunters, the relative impact of a single harvested individual with respect to population growth was calculated. For this, survival sensitivities were weighed according to the proportion of the respective class in the stable stage distribution and corrected for discriminability of two factors: First, differences regarding the juvenile body mass in adults and yearlings are not easily detectable. Therefore, the means of the weighted sensitivities of the two groups (i.e., HAJ and LAJ) were used for all yearling and adult females, respectively. Second, sexual differences in juveniles are not easily detectable from a distance. Thus, given a balanced sex ratio in wild boar juveniles34, weighted sensitivities of both juvenile classes (i.e. HJ and LJ) were multiplied by 0.5. All values were then standardised using the lowest resulting value of corrected weighed sensitivity (Supplementary Table S2). Importantly, our models were very robust towards changes to both assumptions, i.e., summer survival of yearlings and adults and differences in survival between HJ and LJ (abbreviations see Table 1). No qualitative changes to the model outcome could be identified except for two scenarios: First, under the unlikely assumption that body mass would not affect juvenile survival under unfavourable environmental conditions (Fig. S8, S10; Supplementary Information 2); Second, if the difference in survival between LJ and HJ fell below 20%, the proportions of LAJ and HAJ females within the population could be affected under unfavourable conditions (Fig. S12; Supplementary Information 2). However, none of these scenarios affected the conclusions from the models that we outline below. For more detailed information on the results of the model validation see Supplementary Information 2. Effects of changing environmental conditions The models revealed an asymptotic growth rate of λ = 1.44 under favourable conditions and of λ = 0.83 under unfavourable conditions. In both conditions, juveniles in general and especially light juveniles provided the highest proportion of females in autumn (Fig. 2). Under favourable conditions the proportion of LJ within this age class increased slightly compared with unfavourable conditions (Fig. 2). This trend became more obvious for yearlings and adults with LAJ females dominating these age classes under favourable conditions. Under unfavourable conditions HAJ females dominated their age classes. There were more yearlings than adults under favourable, but vice versa under unfavourable conditions (Fig. 2). Interestingly, there was a marked crossover in the ranking of elasticities, i.e. the relative contribution of different vital rates to population growth. Juvenile survival (of both, LJ and HJ) was the main driver of population growth under favourable environmental conditions. The maximum elasticity changed, however, from juvenile to adult survival under poor conditions (Table 3). This predominant role of adult survival in unfavourable conditions was almost solely caused by survival of HAJ females, with an elasticity of 0.32, that was 4 times higher than that of LAJ females (0.08, Table 3). Table 3 Sensitivities and elasticities of vital rates under favourable (i.e., high food availability and winter temperatures) and unfavourable (i.e., low food availability and winter temperatures) environmental conditions. The sum of elasticities of survival and fecundity of LJ and LAJ females amounted to only 0.21 in poor conditions while this value increased to 0.46 under favourable conditions (Table 3). Under unfavourable conditions, elasticities of survival and fecundity of AHAJ summed up to 0.46 (Table 3). Fecundities showed generally lower elasticities compared to survival, with the production of heavy offspring by AHAJ showing the highest elasticity under both conditions (0.13 and 0.09 respectively, Table 3). Effects of culling regimes Assuming complete unselective hunting, at least 30% of the population needed to be harvested in each age class under favourable environmental conditions to prevent the population from growing (i.e., λ ≈ 1). Harvesting adult sows could stop population growth (i.e., λ = 0.97) but only if 100% of this class was harvested (Fig. 3a; Table 4). Harvesting only yearling sows yielded a stable population when about 80% of the yearlings were harvested (Fig. 3a). Harvesting either all light or all heavy juveniles exclusively did not result in a reduction of the population and λ never decreased below 1. Harvesting 75% of all juveniles irrespective of their body mass resulted in a stable population (Fig. 3a; Table 4). Figure 3 Asymptotic population growth rates (λ) of modelled wild boar populations in dependence of different hunting mortalities. (a) Shows the effect of pure strategies with only light juveniles (light green), heavy juveniles (medium green), juveniles non-selectively (darkgreen), yearlings (orange) and adults (red) being removed, respectively in varying proportions. (b) Shows the effect of the natural hunting models, i.e., the effect of hunting mortality of light juveniles (light green), heavy juveniles (medium green), or of non-selective removal of juveniles (dark green) on population growth rate given a 25% hunting mortality for yearlings and adults. In both plots the dotted line at λ = 1 indicates a stable population. Table 4 Modelled management scenarios that yielding a population growth rate of λ ≈ 1 (i.e., a stable population). By harvesting adults and yearlings at a low rate of 25% and selectively harvesting light juveniles no population reduction could be achieved (Table 4, NH3). Applying this natural hunting model, mimicking natural predation36,45, in combination with the selective harvest of heavy juveniles caused a population decline when 80% of heavy juveniles were removed (Fig. 3b; Table 4, NH2). Harvesting juveniles unselectively under such a scenario would yield a stable population when 40% of all female juveniles were removed (Fig. 3b; Table 4, NH1). Translating these findings into actual numbers, based on a hypothetical population of 501 females, revealed that, with an entirely non-selective harvest, 151 females need to be removed to keep the population stable (Table 4). The higher the hunting pressure on older age classes (i.e., yearlings and adults) the lower the total harvest required to prevent the population from growing (Table 4). Compared to an entirely unselective harvest (i.e., culling 30% in each age class, Fig. 4a), the natural hunting models (NH1-3, Fig. 4b–d) showed slight increases in the proportion of adult sows within populations but overall they affected the naturally occurring stage distribution the least. Culling regimes with a high proportion of harvested light juveniles (NH3 and Juveniles) increased the proportion of juveniles to more than 60% in the stable stage distribution. This was mainly due to an increased proportion of individuals that were heavy juveniles (Fig. 4d,e). A high hunting pressure on juveniles only caused a strong decrease in the proportion of yearling females and an increase in the proportion of adult females (Fig. 4e). Harvesting exclusively yearlings, in contrast, led to a decreased proportion of juveniles and adults in the stable stage distribution (Fig. 4f). Figure 4 Stable stage distribution of different management scenarios: (a) without hunting or under an entirely unselective management scenario; (b–d) according to the natural hunting model with 25% hunting mortality for adults and yearlings and (b) non-selective removal of 40% of juveniles (NH1), (c) selective removal of 80% of heavy (NH2) or (d) 100% of light juveniles (NH3); (e) harvesting only juveniles with 75% of juveniles being removed non-selectively; and (f) harvesting only yearlings with 80% of the yearlings being removed non-selectively. Selective harvest of heavy juveniles, light juveniles and adults only cannot result in an effective population reduction (Table 3). These modelled management scenarios are therefore not shown here. Light juveniles as well as LAJ females are indicated in light grey, heavy juveniles and HAJ females in dark grey. Harvesting a single heavy juvenile affected λ 1.5 times stronger compared with culling a single light juvenile. A similar difference also exists in older age classes where HAJ had a 1.8 times higher weighted sensitivity compared with LAJ, in both age classes, yearlings and adults. Averaging the values of HAJ and LAJ females per age class revealed that in both age classes, i.e. yearlings and adults, the effect of removing one female on λ was 3.6 times higher than the effect of removing a light juvenile. For details on the calculation of the efficiency of harvesting each age class see Supplementary Table S2. Effect of improving environmental conditions The present model shows that under unfavourable conditions HAJ females dominate within their age class if the difference in survival between heavy and light juveniles was 20% or more. Although there is no empirical data on body mass dependent winter survival in wild boars, studies on other species show that lighter individuals typically have lower survival rates e.g.44,45,46. This might be caused by energy constraints of leaner individuals or by effects of a limited thermoregulatory capacity as recently shown for new-born wild boars24. Nevertheless, the proportions of light juveniles and LAJ females generally increased under favourable conditions. Under these conditions LAJ animals always dominated within their age classes, regardless of the assumed differential survival between heavy and light juveniles. This is mainly because under favourable conditions more juveniles and LAJ females reproduce, which increases the proportion of light juveniles. These light juveniles additionally survive at a higher rate compared with unfavourable conditions. To be conservative we assumed the same difference in winter survival between light and heavy juveniles for both conditions. Data from other species, however, suggest that there might even be an interactive effect between body mass and environmental condition on juvenile survival e.g.45,47. Consequently, the difference in survival between heavy and light juveniles might be stronger under unfavourable conditions with low food availability and temperatures compared with favourable conditions. Such an interaction, however, would only enhance our finding of a proportional increase of LAJ females under improving environmental conditions. Wild boars with low juvenile body mass also remained lighter later in life20. Therefore, a proportional increase of LAJ females will result in an overall reduction of average body mass in wild boar populations. Such decreases in body mass in response to a warming climate were observed in various other species25,48,49. For the wild boar, however, we here propose for the first time a potential mechanism for such a decrease in average body mass, namely an increased winter survival of light juveniles. Juvenile body mass also has long lasting effects on reproductive success of wild boar females20. Consequently, the increased proportion of LAJ females will further cause a reduction in average litter sizes. Hence, our models indicate that, with increasingly favourable environmental conditions, wild boar populations will consist of smaller individuals which give birth to fewer offspring. Those traits are known from Mediterranean wild boar populations13,40. Accordingly, by including variation in juvenile body mass, our models revealed a lower asymptotic population growth (λ) under favourable environmental conditions compared with a previous study, while λ was similar under unfavourable conditions (λ = 1.44 and λ = 0.83 versus λ = 1.63 and λ = 0.85 found by Bieber and Ruf16). The increasing importance of LAJ females under favourable environmental conditions is also reflected by their elasticities, i.e., their relative contribution to λ. As in previous models16 we found a crossover in the ranking of elasticities from adult survival under poor to juvenile survival under good conditions. However, here we show that the predominant effect of adult survival under poor conditions almost solely originates from HAJ females. A similar high importance of adults under unfavourable conditions was also found in other large ungulates14,16,50. In favourable environments, LAJ females become almost as important for population growth as HAJ females despite their lower recruitment rates. Although such a high importance of juveniles is very unusual for similar sized ungulates50,51 it is in line with previous wild boar population models. This is because of the exceptional life history strategy of wild boars compared with other ungulates, namely their large litter size and their early age at sexual maturity14,16. While life history and resulting population dynamics of wild boar are rather peculiar for large ungulates, the methods outlined here will be applicable to other species as well. Especially the hybrid Leslie matrix population model combining an age-class model with a multi-level phenotype variable may be useful for models of any species where differential phenotypic traits affects reproduction and/or survival. Effects of culling regimes Our results indicate a slightly decreased population growth under favourable conditions compared with a previous model that did not include effects of juvenile body mass16. However, our current findings of a changing population structure reveal further challenges for wild boar management. There is an ongoing debate on which classes to harvest predominantly in order to achieve an optimal wildlife management in various species52 (and references therein). Some authors argue that wildlife managers should mimic natural predation and harvest younger individuals in order to achieve a most natural population structure9,34,53. Others reason that this could be best achieved by a totally unselective hunting except for some special scenarios52. Some of these scenarios, however, actually apply to the wild boar. For instance, despite the return of the wolf (Canis lupus) to some parts of Central Europe54,55, many wild boar populations still do not face natural predation. Further, selective hunting could counteract anthropogenic effects like selection for earlier reproduction52, which was hypothesised to result from high hunting pressure in wild boars36. Finally, selective harvest might also be used to counteract the climate-driven changes in population structure and the resulting phenotypic change identified here. Our hunting models mimicking natural predation revealed stable stage distributions that were closest to those resulting from an entirely unselective harvest. In contrast to an entirely unselective culling, the natural predation scenarios were additionally characterised by a slightly increased proportion of adult sows within the resulting population. However, strategies focusing more on juveniles inevitably were also characterised by higher numbers of animals that needed to be harvested. This effect is even enhanced by the poor discriminability between male and female juveniles from a distance, i.e. during normal hunting circumstances. Given increasing human-wildlife conflicts and ecological threats caused by exponentially growing wild boar populations, a limitation of population growth or even a population reduction is urgently required in many areas9,13,27,28,29. Therefore, an important objective of a selective harvest in wild boar could be to maximise hunting efficiency in order to bring down population growth52. Our models revealed that, under an entirely unselective culling regime, about 30% of all females need to be harvested per year to achieve a stable population size. To identify more efficient strategies, actual numbers of animals rather than model-elasticities alone have to be considered. Juveniles proved to be very important with respect to population growth under good conditions. However, due to the high proportion of this age class within the population, focusing on juveniles would require considerably more individuals to be culled. This is also true for hunting models mimicking natural predation with low proportions of adults and yearlings harvested43, although their efficiency could be improved by targeting predominantly heavy juveniles. In contrast, the highest efficiency in terms of the required number of harvested individuals is reached by targeting mainly yearlings and adults. Removing a single individual of these classes affects population growth 3.6 times more strongly than harvesting a light juvenile. However, employing a pure strategy, 100% of adult sows would need to be harvested to achieve a barely stable population (λ = 0.97), which seems a rather unrealistic goal. This reinforces the finding by Bieber and Ruf16 that strategies focusing on adults alone are not sufficient to effectively reduce wild boar populations under favourable environmental conditions. Interestingly, our results show that harvesting yearling females is as effective as targeting adult sows. Furthermore, a population reduction can be achieved by harvesting 80% of the yearling females. This corresponds to less than 20% of all females in our idealised population, if targeted alone. This finding is in line with previous pure age-based or body mass-based population models. Those models revealed a high impact of increased culling of medium sized or yearling females on wild boar population growth14,22. Unlike in juveniles, sex discrimination from a distance is not a problem in yearlings, which reduces hunting effort enormously. Further, differences caused by previous juvenile body mass might be still more visible in yearlings compared to adult sows. Therefore, the efficiency of such a yearling-based strategy may be further increased by targeting predominantly heavy yearlings. However, an increased hunting pressure on yearlings caused a population structure with an even lower proportion of adult females than found without hunting. 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Should hunting mortality mimic the patterns of natural mortality? Biol. Lett. 4, 307–310, (2008). Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar 53. 53. Keuling, O. et al. Mortality rates of wild boar Sus scrofa L. in central Europe. Eur. J. Wildl. Res. 59, 805–814, (2013). Article Google Scholar 54. 54. Lesniak, I. et al. Population expansion and individual age affect endoparasite richness and diversity in a recolonising large carnivore population. Sci. Rep. 7, 14, (2017). CAS Article Google Scholar 55. 55. Nowak, S. & Mysłajek, R. W. Wolf recovery and population dynamics in Western Poland, 2001–2012. Mamm. Res. 61, 83–98, (2016). Article Google Scholar 56. 56. Fruzinski, B. Situation of wild boar populations in western Poland. IBEX J.M.E. 3, 186–187 (1995). Google Scholar Download references We thank Dr. Steve Smith for his comments on our manuscript. This research was supported by the Austrian Research Promotion Agency (855666), the City of Vienna, and the Government of Lower Austria. Author information S.G.V., C.B., T.R. conceived the study. S.G.V., Z.P. analysed the data. S.G.V., C.B. and T.R. wrote the manuscript. All authors commented on the manuscript. Corresponding author Correspondence to Sebastian G. Vetter. Ethics declarations Competing interests The authors declare no competing interests. Additional information Supplementary information Rights and permissions Reprints and Permissions About this article Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark Cite this article Vetter, S.G., Puskas, Z., Bieber, C. et al. How climate change and wildlife management affect population structure in wild boars. Sci Rep 10, 7298 (2020). Download citation Further reading Quick links Nature Briefing
Diagnostic Hearing Evaluation Think you are suffering from hearing loss? Think you may be suffering from hearing loss? 48 million Americans suffer from some degree of hearing loss. Take the Hearing Quiz Now! Looking for financing options? Special financing is available. Difficulty hearing can come from a variety of health issues. If you or your child has been referred for a diagnostic Audiological evaluation, it means that hearing loss needs to be ruled out or further examination is needed. Someone may need a diagnostic hearing evaluation if you do not pass an initial hearing screening, or you make a complaint of decreased hearing or tinnitus to your primary care physician. The evaluation is done to determine if a hearing loss is present, and if so, the severity and type of hearing loss. Often it provides insight into the cause of the hearing loss, as well as guidance for the Audiologist or ENT in making appropriate treatment recommendations. What tests should I expect? Audiological testing is dependent on patient age. The goal of our testing is to find out the degree of hearing loss, the type of hearing loss, and the conditions of the ear canal and middle ear. Otoscopic examination is initially done to rule out cerumen (ear wax) or outer ear issues. Audiological testing requires you to sit in an enclosed room called a booth. Different frequencies are tested that give the Audiologist information about the health of your hearing and the types of sounds you can and cannot hear. Insert buds or headphones will be used to find the frequencies you can hear. Finally, speech testing gives information on reliability as well as your auditory processing ability. After the diagnostic hearing test, the Audiologist will be able to determine if your hearing loss is conductive (coming from the middle ear or outer ear) or sensorineural (inner ear problems or central processing difficulties). Infants or young children may require additional testing. Play Audiometry or Visual Reinforcement Audiometry may be needed. Again, the goal is to obtain as much information as possible to provide you with answers to your hearing concern. Middle ear testing may also be conducted, and include tympanometry and acoustic reflex testing. Both of these tests rule out eardrum and middle ear disorders. All results are reviewed by the Audiologist and explained to you at the time of your visit, giving you a chance to ask questions. If necessary, and to serve your hearing health care needs, the Audiologist may refer you to our ENT Doctors. Audiological testing lasts approximately 30 minutes. Treatment Options If a medical issue is discovered during your hearing evaluation, the Audiologist will refer you to Dr. Noel. Often, you will see our ENT doctors first, and in the course of discussion, a hearing evaluation may be needed to help with his diagnosis. If the determination is made that your hearing cannot be helped by medication, surgery, or further testing, then a hearing device may be your best treatment option. Don't Wait - Request Your Personal Consultation! Request Your Appointment Today!
The science of nutrition and healthy eating The science of nutrition and healthy eating Free course The science of nutrition and healthy eating 4.3 Prebiotics and probiotics for good gut bacteria There are trillions of bacteria in your gut, weighing up to 2 kg. They are essential in controlling processes and have a vital role in your digestive system. They also have a role in your immune system, inflammation, mental health, cardiovascular system, and metabolic health. Described image Figure 8 Bifidobacteria, Lactobilli and Escherichia coli It can be easy to get confused with what prebiotics and probiotics are. So what is the difference? There are over 400 bacterial species so far identified that live in human guts. They occur in low numbers in the stomach and upper intestine but are abundant in the lower bowel. They play a role in fibre digestion and synthesise certain vitamins (biotin and folate), as well as helping to absorb vitamin K. Prebiotics literally means ‘before life’. Prebiotics are non-digestiblefood components that promote the ‘good’ bacteria such aslactobacilli and bifidobacteria. In other words, they are food for the bacteria and not live bacteria. Prebiotics are stable and reach the gut intact, feeding the good bacteria. They can trigger symptoms in people with IBS because they are oligosaccharides, Prebiotics should be avoided if you are following a low FODMAP approach. Probiotics are the actual, live, ‘good’ bacteria. They can be affected by heat and enzymes as they pass down the gut, so have to be taken in adequate amounts. They compete against the resident microflora in the gut for colonisation sites. It would seem ideal to take prebiotics and probiotics at the same time. These are called synbiotics because they contain both in the same preparation. More research is emerging to suggest that the gut bacteria are important to our health. Take your learning further Request an Open University prospectus371
Mafikeng is the provincial capital of North West since 1994 and lies on the border with Botswana, it's about 260 kilometers West of Johannesburg! It was previously a seat of government for the Bechuanaland protectorate until 1965! The town was given the name Mahikeng by the Barolong boo Ratshidi who settled in the area during the early nineteenth century. The Barolong spelling of using an H was later changed to an F in order to comply with a more standard Setswana spelling. As a result, the town became Mafikeng. The name in English means "place of rocks". In Setswana, Lefika means rock and Mafika is a plural. The eng at the end of Mafik eng denotes place of. Similarly, Gauteng becomes "place of gold" and Mangaung "place of Cheetahs". Early People The earliest people to settle in Mafikeng were the Khoi and San societies. They lived in the area for thousands of years before they were joined by the migrating Tswana societies. The section of the Tswana society that settled in Mafikeng was the Barolong Boo Ratshidi. The Barolong Boo Ratshidi established their chieftaincy in the area with their capital in Mafikeng (Mahikeng: Ba Rolong pronunciation). During the nineteenth century the expanding Voortrekkers and the establishment of the Zuid Afrikansche Republic in western Transvaal became a threat to Barolong boo Ratshidi autonomy. As a result, Chief Montshiwa of the Barolong Boo Ratshidi requested British protection. On the 22 May 1884, in Mafikeng, Chief Montshiwa signed a treaty ceding his sovereignty to the British. Soon afterwards the British government established a garrison in town. The following year, Hercules Robinson approved a proclamation that divided Mafikeng into two sections, one for the Barolongs and the other for European settlement. From 1899 to 1901 (217 days) Mafikeng was besieged by the Boer forces during the second Anglo Boer War (South African War). At the time of the siege, people like Solomon T Plaatjie were residing in Mafikeng. The other famous person was Colonel Baden Powell who was sent to Mafikeng to protect it against Boer invasion. It was during this siege that the Boy Scouts were first organised and used to carry messages across towns and to spy on the movement of Boer forces. Historic Monuments The town of Mafikeng is the only known town to have war monuments in honour of Black (specifically the Barolong) men and women who died in the Anglo Boer War. It also has a monument honouring Chief Besele Montshiwa, head of a regiment that fought with the Boers forces during the war. The monuments were erected by the Barolong chieftaincy with funds collected from the Barolong people. The other monument is the Prince of Wales road, which was used by the Prince of Wales during his historic visit the Barolong Boo Ratshidi. The Mafikeng Museum in housed in an ornate old building dating back to 1902, the Mafikeng Museum offers some interesting and diverse displays that take in all of the above. A retired steam locomotive outside the Museum, as well as displays of prehistoric artifacts will appeal to children and adults, and displays concentrating on Tswana culture and history tell interesting stories of the heritage and history of the region’s people. One of the most notable events in Mafikeng’s history was a protracted stand-off that took place betwen the British and the Boers (Afrikaaners) during the Second Boer War at the end of the 19th Century. The Siege of Mafikeng lasted 217 days, from October 1899 to May 1900, and this part of Mafikeng’s history is well covered at the Museum. A permanent exhibition is also dedicated to Sol T Plaatje – the founder of the African National Congress (ANC). The Curator of the Museum also holds the keys to various historical sites in and around Mafikeng and will be able provide you with some sightseeing information. -25° 50' 28.8081", 25° 37' 15.157" Further Reading
modern concrete house plans Building an Environment Friendly House Nowadays, a lot of people focus on creating a sustainable design for their houses. By doing so, one can help in reducing their carbon footprint. In order to build a good, eco-friendly house, you will be looking for custom home plans that match your needs. Let’s discuss some tips when making a sustainable house. Selecting a Design The first step is to choose the right design and location for your house. It is better to select a flat location that has a backyard which faces the North. This way, you home will be a solar home, making it environmentally friendlier. Orientation And Sun Before construction, you need to analyze the direction of sun light on your land. After knowing this, you can project the positioning of internal space in a way that it faces the North. Although it is not possible to fully achieve this design, there are some basic ways this improve your home’s thermals. Using Sun Control Strategies There are some ways in which you can determine the level of sunlight that enters your house in order to improve your home’s interior temperature. Roof Overhangings If your house’s location has too much direct sunlight, then all the doors and windows should have shading depths of 900mm. normally, 600mm is used, but that would not be enough to protect you from direct sunlight. Selecting The Orientation of The Room The sun orientation for infrastructure that faces the East needs to be kept in mind. It is advisable to make store rooms and bathrooms on that side. Bedrooms should be built in the East direction so that more natural light comes in and less artificial light is used. There are various other things such as insulation, thermal massing and materials to consider while making your house eco-friendly. Please follow and like us:
The majority of the germplasm collections include crops with a high economic value like cereals, legumes, fruits and forage species. However, is rare the presence of species with neutraceutical, therapeutic or medical applications, aromatic plants, ornamental and spice producing plants in public collections. The limited genetic variation suspected for this sterile crop, exclusively propagated vegetatively and subject of rapid genetic erosion in the last century, would have required the creation of a collection of landraces, ecotypes or simply accessions of C. sativus L. However, no germplasm collection of saffron in Europe neither in the world has been created. This project, although already late, tries to be a first but significant step to preserve, evaluate and use the genetic resources of this ancient crop. The creation of this collection will contribute not only to slow down the intense genetic erosion but also will make available a wide variety of Crocus genotypes of potential carriers of interesting genes for plant breeders, e.g. resistance to biotic or abiotic stresses, reserve accumulation, biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, etc. In order to ensure the future of saffron crop it is necessary to improve cultivation techniques, plant material, quality evaluation methods, and to develop a wide range of saffron uses particularly those related to human well-being. The worldwide increase in utilization of saffron as natural product requires new biological and economical development, and co-operative programs on technological and medicinal studies. Production and processing of ‘medicinal' and aromatic plants should be one of the successful branches of horticulture in the future. To fulfil these requirements, however, production systems need to be modernised and high quality material must be provided to farmers (1). The creation of a bank of germplasm in Crocuses could help in that purpose. (1) Fernández, J.A. Biology, biotechnology and biomedicine of saffron. Recent. Res. Devel. Plant Sci., 2: 127-159.
Season of good cheer: Why Christmas is also the season of the computer virus. As the long winter nights close in, we all get ready for the inevitable attack of the sniffles, but watch out because this is a tough time for your computer as well. According to new research this is the time, when they are most likely to catch a cold. Peak time for cyber crime Research from Enigma Software Group found that December 1st was the worst day of the year for computer viruses. Using data from their Spy Hunter software they analysed when computers would be most at risk. Their conclusion: the most dangerous day of the year is Friday 1st December – otherwise known as ‘Black Friday’. So, what’s to blame? The answer is pretty simple: it’s all to do with Christmas and our unquenchable thirst for a deal. Every year, as Black Friday and other big online discount days swing by internet traffic surges. Last year, web sales surged by 216% - that’s good news for retailers, but it’s also a major opportunity for producers of computer viruses. Here’s why. It’s peak time for internet traffic which means the sea is teeming with targets for the cybercrime sharks. Other big online sales days such as Amazon Prime Day and Cyber Monday are also likely to push up the risks. Enigma’s findings are pretty startling. They found that last year the number of computer viruses detected shot up by more than 99% between Thanksgiving and Black Friday. So why the big jump in risk? Part of the reason is, of course, down to the sheer volume of traffic. More people online inevitably means more viruses being contracted. It’s a bit like regular Christmas shopping. The streets are crowded with people and many of them are battling colds. There’s every chance you’re going to catch one too. But it’s also down to the type of internet traffic this time of year attracts. As people search for bargains they will transfer millions of pounds. Many of them may not be regular users of the internet or computers so their defences might be a little less robust. That combination of technically naïve users willing to splash the cash is good news for any enterprising cyber-criminal. Unsurprisingly therefore, they actively work to target this time of year. Just as the shops lay in plans for their bumper season, so too are Cyber criminals. The industry is becoming more sophisticated and professionalised. The crooks are doing their homework and working out when the most profitable time to strike might be. So, what might they do? Well, knowing that people are looking to buy they can craft trusted emails that look like they might come from a reputable site. They have become highly adept at mimicking the branding and style of well-known and trusted names such as Amazon and PayPal. Their aim is to persuade you to click a link to make a purchase which will then take you to a scam site. This is their chance to steal your data or download a virus onto your system. How to stop them There are of course measures you can take to stay safe online during the shopping season. First you need to know what the risks are and take precautions accordingly. Never click a link which comes through an unsolicited email, even if it appears to be from a site that you recognise. Be careful about what websites you visit searching for a good deal. Make sure the entire family is as clued up as you are. Children can be especially vulnerable if they have their own tablets. They can be browsing sites and even making purchases which could potentially compromise your internet security. In addition, make sure your defences are in place. You should ensure your antivirus is up to date and capable of managing the threats you’re most likely to face at this time of year. Choose one which can monitor and block incoming viruses from malicious phishing emails. Make sure all connected devices are also secure. In the age of the Internet of Things we’re more connected than ever before, and each of those devices represents a potential entry point for a computer virus. Try setting up automated backups to the cloud. In this way you can at least access your data if there is an attack. Make sure you install all the updates and patches to your internet security you can. It’s annoying to interrupt whatever you’re doing to install the latest patches, but many security breaches could have been avoided if users had installed the latest patch. Try using a virtual private network (VPN) If you’re using a public WiFi network, your data will not be as safe. Make sure you have a network set up to protect it from prying eyes.
Últimas notícias do setor Flag of Mongolia • Global News • Comentários desativados em Flag of Mongolia “Genghis” wasn’t his real title. He was the second-oldest son of his father Yesükhei, a minor tribal chief of the Kiyad and an ally of Ong Khan of the Kerait tribe, and the oldest son of his mom Hoelun. According to the Secret History, Temüjin was named after a Tatar chieftain whom his father had simply captured. The title also suggests that they might have been descended from a family of blacksmiths. Temüjin was associated on his father’s aspect to Khabul Khan, Ambaghai and Qutula Khan who had headed the Mongol confederation. Thanks to the Yam, he could easily keep abreast of army and political developments and preserve contact along with his extensive network of spies and scouts. The Yam additionally helped shield overseas dignitaries and merchants throughout their travels. In later years, the service was famously used by the likes of Marco Polo and John of Plano Carpini. The remnants of the Mongolian aristocracy fought alongside the Japanese and towards Chinese, Soviets and Communist Mongols throughout World War II, however were defeated. Mongolia and Soviet-supported Xinjiang Uyghurs and Kazakhs’ separatist movement in the 1930–1940s. By 1945, Soviet refused to assist them after its alliance with the Communist Party of China and Mongolia interrupted its relations with the separatists underneath strain. Xinjiang Oirat’s militant groups operated together the Turkic peoples but the Oirats didn’t have the main position due to their small population. Basmachis or Turkic and Tajik militants fought to liberate Central Asia (Soviet Central Asia) till 1942. Stirred by the archer’s boldness, Genghis made him an officer in his military and later nicknamed him “Jebe,” or “arrow,” in honor of their first meeting on the battlefield. Along with the famed common Subutai, Jebe would go on to turn into one of many Mongols’ best field commanders during their conquests in Asia and Europe. Genetic studies The tomb is most probably on or round a Mongolian mountain referred to as Burkhan Khaldun, however to this present day its precise location is unknown. Along with the bow and the horse, the Mongols most potent weapon might have been their vast communication network. The Great Khan had a keen eye for expertise, and he often promoted his officers on ability and expertise rather than class, ancestry and even previous allegiances. One famous instance of this perception in meritocracy came during a 1201 battle towards the rival Taijut tribe, when Genghis was practically killed after his horse was shot out from beneath him with an arrow. When he later addressed the Taijut prisoners and demanded to know who was responsible, one soldier bravely stood up and admitted to being the shooter. mongolian mail order bride When the Tatars grew too highly effective after 1161, the Jin switched their support from the Tatars to the Keraits. When Yesügei was poisoned, Temüjin who was solely 13, turned chief. The division of Mongolian society into senior elite lineages and subordinate junior lineages was waning by the twentieth century. When the Chinese Jin Dynasty switched support from the Mongols to the Tatars in 1161, they destroyed Khabul Khan. Genghis’s father, Yesügei (chief of the Borjigin and nephew to Ambaghai and Qutula Khan), emerged as the top of the ruling clan of the Mongols, however this place was contested by the rival Tayichi’ud clan, who descended instantly from Ambaghai. Mongolian spot Another study exhibits that the northern and southern Han Chinese are genetically closest to each other and it finds that the genetic traits of current-day northern Han Chinese was already formed as early as three-thousand years in the past in the Central Plain area. The genetic history of East Asians relates to the genetic makeup of individuals within mongolian girl East Asia. Of all of the enigmas surrounding the Khan’s life, maybe the most famous concerns how it ended. The conventional narrative says he died in 1227 from injuries sustained in a fall from a horse, however other sources listing everything from malaria to an arrow wound within the knee. One of his earliest decrees as Khan concerned the formation of a mounted courier service generally known as the “Yam.” This medieval categorical consisted of a properly-organized collection of post homes and method stations strung out across the entire of the Empire. By stopping to rest or take on a fresh mount every few miles, official riders could often travel so far as 200 miles a day. The system allowed goods and knowledge to travel with unprecedented speed, but it also acted as the eyes and ears of the Khan. One of the extra questionable accounts even claims he was murdered while making an attempt to pressure himself on a Chinese princess. However he died, the Khan took nice pains to maintain his ultimate resting place a secret. According to legend, his funeral procession slaughtered everyone they got here involved with throughout their journey after which repeatedly rode horses over his grave to help conceal it. mongolian women When Temüge Otchigen, the youngest brother of Genghis, gathered his men and tried to unsuccessfully seize the throne, Güyüokay quickly came to satisfy him. Töregene managed to maintain a Kurultai from being held until it was certain her son Güyüok was favored by the bulk. Temüjin was born in 1162 into an influential household who were a part of a Mongol tribe near Burkhan Khaldun mountain and the Onon and Kherlen Rivers in fashionable-day Mongolia, not removed from the current capital Ulaanbaatar. The Secret History of the Mongols reports that Temüjin was born with a blood clot grasped in his fist, a sign that he was destined to become an excellent chief. mongolian girl Ögedei Khan’s favourite son was Kochu, who was his through another spouse, and he had nominated Kochu’s son Siremun to succeed him after his father suddenly died in China in 1237. But some sources mention that Khoch was a son of Töregene and she or he didn’t want little Shiremun to succeed. Töregene opposed the choice in favor of Güyüokay, however regardless of the large influence she had on him, she was unable to steer Ögedei to vary his choice. When the lesser khans appointed her regent after her husband’s death, she appointed her favorites to excessive positions in the imperial household and initiated what was to be a successful scheme to elevate her son Güyüokay. History of the concept The Buryats fought in opposition to Russian invasion since the 1620s and thousands of Buryats were massacred. The Buryat region was formally annexed to Russia by treaties in 1689 and 1727, when the territories on each the sides of Lake Baikal were separated from Mongolia. De volta ao topo
Bank reconciliation is the process of verifying the integrity of data between bank records and company’s financial records. It begins with matching the balances in an entity’s accounting records for a cash account to the corresponding information on a bank statement. It is therefore a necessary process which can sometimes become too long and monotonous. Here are some of the common reasons for preparing Bank Reconciliation Statement: 1.Unpresented Cheques -Whenever cheques are issued by the firm for payment, they are entered on the credit side of the bank column of the cash book immediately. Whereas, receiving person may not present these cheques on the same date. This causes the difference between cash book and pass book as the bank debits the firm’s account only when cheques are presented for payment. 2.Unrealized Cheques– Cheques deposited into bank are debited by the firm immediately which in turn increases their bank balance. Whereas bank credits firm’s account when these cheques are actually realized, i.e., after few days. Hence, the difference remains till these cheques are cleared. 3.Dishonor of Cheques– Firm credits its account as and when it deposits a cheque with the bank. However, the information of cheque being dishonored is received later to the firm. As a result, difference remains till it is debited back in the account. 4.Errors in Recording Transactions- While preparing cash book, firm might make few errors like missing out sale entry or other important transactions, wrong balancing, and recording transactions in other ledgers which should be recorded in cash book, etc. All these lead to the difference in balances between cash book and pass book. 5.Stale Cheques-A cheque issued by a firm to a payee but not presented for payment by the payee within the local banking law of six months becomes stale. The amount already credited in the bank column of cash book of payer creates the difference. 6.Credit Transfer– Sometimes, the debtors deposit money directly into the firm’s bank account without giving any notification to the firm. In this case, bank credits the firm’s account but the same is not recorded in the cash book. Therefore, difference occurs. 7.Direct Debit– In some cases, firm gives instructions to bank to pay amount due directly to the payee on due date. This way, bank debits the firm’s account but the firm forgets to make an entry in the cash book. Learn more about Bank Reconciliation services, finance and accounting outsourcing, virtual cfo at Aristotle Consultancy To know more about Bank Reconciliation Services, call us at+91-8130464163
Home / News / Arts, Media and Engineering students tackle the big 'why' questions New interim director sees school as fusion of technology, humanities January 8, 2020 Why play games? Who benefits from artificial intelligence? How do you help society? These are some of the big-picture questions that students confront in Arizona State University's School of Arts, Media and Engineering, which is now a decade old. Pavan Turaga, the new interim director of the school, a collaborative initiative between the Herberger Institute for Design and the Arts and the Ira A. Fulton Schools of Engineering, said that students work on those issues through a curriculum that blends technical literacy with a critical eye. “AME offers hybrid degree offerings that blend methods, practices and outcomes from diverse disciplines. At the undergraduate level, our program is called Digital Culture," he said. “The ‘why’ and the ‘what’ are embedded into everything we do, not just how you do it,” said Turaga, associate professor in the School of Arts, Media and Engineering and also in the School of Electrical, Computer and Energy Engineering. “If you want to go very deep into how you do something, we might say the best place for that is the school of engineering. Or if you want to ask critical questions, maybe try the humanities. We are that fusion place, where in every class, we ask the ‘why’ and the ‘what’ every time.” That combination makes the school unique, said Turaga, who last year won a $1.2 million grant from the National Institutes of Health to research wearable technology. “I’m an engineer so I emphasize how you do certain things but I always keep coming back to, ‘Let’s try a context where this will make sense. Who will use this technology and how do you apply it to society?’” Turaga, who also is director of the Geometric Media Lab, answered some questions from ASU Now: Question: What are the important areas the school is addressing? Answer: I see three things the school works around. One is artificial intelligence. Everyone asks, "What is AI for and what is its effect?" We have people trained in AI and humanities and we bring both perspectives to the table in education and research. Second, we are looking at games. If you want one prototypical example of where engineering and design and media comes together, it is in games. Games are big business. There is this whole business of esports. We want to be at the forefront of asking difficult questions about the how, why and what. Why do you want to play a game? What is it for? The third area is the idea of wearable technology. We have interest in a lot of different angles, including wearables for health, for art and performance, for fashion. We already have people creating new kinds of performance where they wear sensors on their bodies and as they dance, it drives the sound you’re hearing. People are asking the same question in fashion. You might have clothing with circuits that light up as you move around in different ways. I look as these three areas as contemporary topics of broad interest where AME is a strong force. We also have a lot of other exciting work that exists at the intersections and supports a wide array of work including augmented reality, sound-based art and science, food studies, responsive bio art, responsive environments, camera technology, citizen science and more. Q: Where does the art come in? A: The art that comes out of AME always has some technology basis. It’s the medium with which the art is created. Traditional media for art might be painting and sculpture and architecture. The medium that our artists work with include sensors and software. That’s the modus operandi. We have great artists who are always creating new kinds of performance pieces that challenge what you can do, and technology becomes a performer in their piece. It’s a medium for them and it can also be a performer. Q: Why is it important to include the humanities? A: We have engineering, arts, design and humanities faculty. In many ways what we have is a university within a university. We are very well balanced. In our humanities faculty, we have a philosopher and an English professor. The humanities faculty are interested in what they would refer to as critical theory — taking a very critical approach to all the fun things we talk about. They ask those hard questions about why we do this. Who does it benefit and who does it leave out? Who does it enrich and who does it impoverish? They ask the questions that artists and engineers also like to engage with, but it’s the nature of our profession to emphasize production more than critical reflection. It’s important to have humanists in the loop to bring us back to look at our projects critically, if we are to have well-informed societal impact. Q: What do the students learn and what kinds of career paths do they take? A: Much of the coursework is project based. We have an end-of-semester showcase of student projects and in the recent showcase, a student built a virtual-reality game for policymakers in Tempe city government asking the question of ‘If I plant a tree in a specific location, what impact would it have on the comfort of a pedestrian?’ One student created a mannequin embedded with electronics to simulate an allergic reaction on the skin to show what hives look like and what happens when a peanut allergy kicks in. That could be used for training of nurses. It was a wholly staged experience. There’s always a performance piece. We had a project several years ago by a graduate student who created a system that learned the style of your percussion and improvised with you. We have two or three different career paths we frequently see. They go into media design, which can include website design or graphics. Another is software development. Some of the skills sets they learn can be further developed in that field. We have some who go into art companies or sometimes become freelance artists. And many create their own startups, too. Q: How is the School of Arts, Media and Engineering unique? A: I come from a very traditional, linear engineering preparation. I never had any significant exposure to the arts. I came here with a very rigid attitude about what constitutes good research and what constitutes a good question and good impact. Then I was confronted with this diverse faculty coming in from nontraditional backgrounds asking even more important questions than I was asking and having bigger impact than I was having and yet doing work that was legible in their own disciplines. That was challenging. Here, I saw that almost everybody was breaking silos. We had musicians writing science grants, dancers doing science. We had scientists interested in art as a way to ask difficult questions. It was remarkable to me. I drafted a mission statement few years ago about what keeps me here. It’s a place where collaboration flows freely, which is what I think AME is about. And to get there, our mission should be to find value where few others are looking for it because that’s the only way you find unexpected answers. Top photo: Associate Professor Pavan Turaga is the new interim director of the School of Arts, Media and Engineering. Photo by Charlie Leight/ASU Now
I am under the impression that elements from the third period onwards can promote electrons into d orbitals to form hybridised orbitals. Why would an element in the third period promote an electron to the 3d orbital when we learn that 4s orbitals are filled first because they are lower in energy (is it to do with orbital penetration?) Why also can a 2nd period p block element not promote to 3s? There is a considerable amount of debate as to whether d-orbitals of main group elements (I assume we’re talking about them here; the discussion is rather pointless for d-block elements) are used in hybridisation or not. Originally, the octet expansion, a.k.a. using them, was postulated by Linus Pauling because he was unhappy to use charge separation to describe molecules such as sulphur trioxide. However, it is entirely possible to draw Lewis structures that do not violate the octet rule and hence do not require d-orbital hybridisation for practically every case. There may be more mesomery required in some cases and less in others. I’m not too good at repeating the arguments of supporters of main group elements’ d-orbital hybridisation theory, because I belong to the other group. The main argument against d-orbital participation is, as you noticed, that they are far removed on an energy scale; even behind the next s-orbital (3s, 3p, 4s, 3d) — hence the order of elements in the periodic table. I also have troubles understanding why phosphorous would only allow one d-orbital to hybridise, sulphur two and chlorine and the heavier halogens three. This makes no sense to me. (It seems to make sense for others, though.) In my opinion you are absolutely correct in asking that if a 3p-element can use 3d orbitals, why should it not use 4s for hybridisation, and consequently why 2p cannot use 3s. Assuming 3d orbitals to be used, I could not answer your question satisfactorily. Your Answer
Technical Questions asked in Siemens 1. What is the function of application programs in the DBMS approach? 1. To store data 2. To process functions 3. To access control 4. All of the above Answer: Option B. 2. 'using' in C++ is for 1. 'using' does not exist in C++ 2. used for library functions 3. 'using' is a literal in C++ 4. used for pointers Answer: Option B. 1. Which of the following class permits only one object of it to be created? 1. Virtual class 2. Abstract class 3. Singleton class 4. Friend class Answer: Option C. 2. Which of the following is not the member of class . 1. Static function 2. Friend function 3. Constant function 4. Virtual function Answer: Option B. 3. Which of the following is not a mechanism of static polymorphism? 1. operator overloading 2. Function overloading 3. Templates 4. Function overriding Answer: Option D. 4. Which of the following type of data member can be shared by all instances of its class 1. Public 2. Inherited 3. Static 4. Friend Answer: Option C. Campus Placement ad Rate Us
It is undeniable that receiving a diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) can be frightening, daunting and sometimes overwhelming for a person. Nevertheless, it is not just the disease severity that can determine the outcome for the person, but also their psychological coping strategies. The notion that our coping strategies can overcome external circumstances is not a new concept. For example, the Greek philosopher Epictetus (A.D. c. 55 – 135) is quoted as saying “Men are disturbed not by things, but by the view which they take of them” as well as “We cannot choose our external circumstances, but we can always choose how we respond to them.” Whilst there is no doubt that being told you have Crohn’s disease (CD) or ulcerative colitis (UC) is scary, it is important to know there are things you can do psychologically to overcome them. People often talk about the “mind-body” connection but what do they mean by this? What they mean is that the health of your body can affect the health of your mind and vice versa. We know that IBD can increase your risk for impaired mental health because people with IBD are more likely to be anxious or depressed than people without IBD. What is also interesting is that those experiencing psychological stress, anxiety and depression often seem to say that they have flares of their IBD around times of stress. Some scientific literature supports the notion that IBD is more likely to flare around times of stress although it is unclear whether IBD causes the stress or if the stress causes the IBD; some research has shown that stressful life events do not precede flares and so there is a high likelihood they coincide as opposed to stress causing IBD flares. Nevertheless, if a person also has irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), which is a functional bowel disorder, on top of their IBD, stress is highly likely to play a role in their bowel symptoms. This is because IBS is known to be linked with stress; of note is that the IBS and IBD combination is not uncommon. The link between IBS and stress suggests that improvements in bowel symptoms from stress reduction are more due to functional improvement in bowel function and less due to reduction of IBD inflammation per se. The other factor to bear in mind is stress can cause us to act in unhealthy ways. For example, stressed people may smoke, eat poorly, and forget to take their medication because they are stressed. It is much easier to behave healthily when there is not chaos going on around us. Therefore stress reduction techniques can be useful because they can help us cut out the behaviours that worsen our IBD (especially medication non-adherence). It’s important to remember that stress is relative to us as individuals. Our ideas of stress differ from one to another and so do our coping mechanisms. Overall, stress reduction will certainly not make IBD worse and may improve the IBD patient’s disease journey in some cases. Therefore, stress reduction techniques like yoga, meditation, or even a beach holiday are certainly worth trying! This is a really good question. For a start, what is quality of life? Quality of life is an overall holistic measure of physical and mental health and has a lot to do with whether your disease (1) holds you back from going to work, school, or social events, (2) affects you physically in terms of pain or energy, and (3) affects you psychologically. For example, if a person can go to work fulltime, is not experiencing pain, and is mentally stable, they will have high quality of life; if they cannot work, have a lot of pain, and have depression they will have low quality of life. The bad news is that having IBD has, on average, a negative influence on quality of life compared to not having IBD; the good news is that those whose disease is in remission seem to have a normal quality of life. Therefore, if you can get your disease under control using medication, diet, surgery, and other techniques, you can be “normal.” The short answer to this question is “No.” IBD is a physical disease caused by physical processes and it has never been convincingly demonstrated that anxious or depressed people are more likely to be diagnosed with IBD. Nevertheless, having anxiety or depression with your IBD probably does not help with the disease journey once IBD is diagnosed. Therefore, it is best to have depression or anxiety treated if you have one of them with your IBD. A couple of good resources for depression specifically are: Two good IBD-specific resources for IBD patients wanting to attend to the psychological side of their disease are; http://www.tameyourgut.com/.and http://ibdclinic.org.au/ + Text Size - Original generation time 0.9575 seconds.
0 users agree 6:53 AM, Friday January 8th 2021 Starting with your arrows, you're doing a good job of drawing these with a strong sense of motion and fluidity. Just keep an eye on your tendency to arbitrarily turn some of the arrow heads to be completely flat on the face of the page, instead of parallel with the flow of the ribbon itself. I see this happening in a couple of spots, so it's not too common, but it is a rather peculiar little hiccup. Continuing onto your leaves, you definitely do a better job of capturing that same sense of fluidity and movement in the second page of this exercise than the first. One factor is likely that you're drawing these leaves quite small. Drawing smaller can severely limit our brain's capacity to think through spatial problems (which is a bigger factor when dealing with more complex constructions), but it also makes it harder for us to engage our whole arm while drawing, which is likely why your leaves come out a little stiffer at first than they ought to. You also have a tendency, in at least some cases, to have a lot more lines going down than are necessary. Remember that what we're doing here is not sketching - every mark we draw is planned out and prepared for, so do not get in the habit of immediately following up a stroke with another. Furthermore, once you've got your basic leaf shape in place (so once you've completed step 2 of the leaf construction process), the next phase of construction is not to redraw the whole outline of the leaf. As shown here on another student's work, you only draw the parts that change. Construction is about laying down foundation and building upon it - not building a new house, each one more detailed than the last, at every step. I also talk about this in these notes. There are some places where you adhere to this, especially when you cut little nicks out of the edge of your leaves, but there is definitely some variation. Additionally, with this one and this one, you're definitely skipping important constructional steps, as explained here. There are of course other cases where you approach more complex leaf structures correctly, so you've got a heavily mixed bag here. Moving onto your branches, I'm starting to see a bit of a trend here. You're very eager to do a lot of these exercises - each of these had only one page assigned, but you opted to do two each. In your exuberance to do more of them than necessary, however, you've missed important elements of the instructions. That really goes back to why I value students just doing what is asked. No more, no less. What you're missing with your branches is that the instructions state that you should be extending your segments fully halfway to the next ellipse, then starting the next segment at the previous ellipse. This results in a healthy overlap between them, where the next segment can use this last chunk of the previous one as a runway, ensuring that they'll run smoothly and seamlessly together before it shoots off to its own target. While you're not doing badly as far as keeping your lines together, you frequently don't extend your segments enough, or just outright start one where the previous one stopped, resulting in no overlap and a more notable transition. I really can't stress this enough - don't deviate from the instructions, not even to do more work. It's so easy to end up putting effort in the wrong areas. Moving onto your plant constructions, some issues I've addressed previously definitely come up again: • Drawing too small, thus severely limiting the room you have in which to develop your constructions. Always focus first on giving each drawing as much room as it requires on the page. When finished, assess whether there's enough room for another. If there is, add it. Otherwise, it is entirely okay to just have one drawing on a page. • With leaves in plants like this one, you started out with a more complex overall shape, instead of building up that leaf as shown in this demo by building each 'arm' separately and then combining them together. • There's a lot of sketchier linework where you're definitely not applying the ghosting method to maintain individual planned, intentional marks. It's clear you can employ the ghosting method well, and you do so frequently, but there do happen to be a number of areas where you allow yourself to slip into old habits. I am seeing a tendency to treat your initial phase of construction as being more of an "underdrawing", purposely using fainter marks and then following it up with a darker stroke later on. Every mark you draw should be drawn with the same confident stroke without going out of your way to make them fainter. Furthermore, line weight should be focused only in specific local areas to clarify specific overlaps - not to replace entire lengths of line. As a whole, there is plenty to show here that you're moving in the right direction, but there is a general looseness to both how you draw and to how you adhere to the instructions that I want to sort out before having you move on. As such, I'm going to assign some pages below, where you will be able to address the issues I've raised above. Next Steps: Please submit the following: • 1 page of leaves • 1 page of branches • 2 pages of plant constructions When finished, reply to this critique with your revisions. 9:22 PM, Wednesday January 13th 2021 Thanks for the feedback, I've tried to incorporate all of it into the extra pages, found here: https://imgur.com/a/bDlcRPO The looseness in drawing feels the most challenging to incorporate as I tend to tense my arm when going in for the actual stroke after ghosting, but I'm working on it. 12:20 AM, Friday January 15th 2021 Overall these are looking much better, though there were a few issues I caught that I do want you to keep in mind - for example, the importance of never jumping into too much complexity without the appropriate underlying structure to support it. this comes up with some of your more complex leaf structures, as highlighted here. On the bottom left, I'm also rather confused as to why there appears to be two different kinds of leaves existing together, one stamped on the other. Aside from that, the rest is coming along well. I'll go ahead and mark this lesson as complete. Next Steps: Move onto lesson 4. This critique marks this lesson as complete. 1:31 AM, Friday January 15th 2021 OH. Yeah I know why, I misunderstood/misinterpreted something in the original lesson that I now understand better looking at the link you just provided. Thanks again for the feedback, it's been very helpful.
Chained library From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to navigation Jump to search Chained Library, Chelsea Old Church. Unique in London churches, a mediaeval library, containing a "Vinegar Bible" of 1717. These were a gift of Sir Hans Sloane. A chained library is a library where the books are attached to their bookcase by a chain, which is sufficiently long enough to allow the books to be taken from their shelves and read, but not removed from the library itself. This would prevent theft of the library's materials.[1] However, it also led to crowding and awkwardness when readers had to stand side by side, each holding a book or clumping so they could share one.[2] The practice was usual for reference libraries (that is, the vast majority of libraries) from the Middle Ages to around the 18th century. However, since the chaining process was also expensive, it was not used on all books.[3] Only the more valuable books in a collection were chained.[3] This included reference books and large books.[3] It is standard for chained libraries to have the chain fitted to the corner or cover of a book. This is because if the chain were to be placed on the spine the book would suffer greater wear from the stress of moving it on and off the shelf. Because of the location of the chain attached to the book (via a ringlet) the books are housed with their spine facing away from the reader, with only the pages' fore-edges visible (that is, the 'wrong' way round to people accustomed to contemporary libraries). This is so that each book can be removed and opened without needing to be turned around, hence avoiding tangling its chain. To remove the book from the chain, the librarian would use a key.[4] Chained library in Hereford Cathedral The earliest example in England of a library to be endowed for use outside an institution such as a school or college was the Francis Trigge Chained Library in Grantham, Lincolnshire, established in 1598. The library still exists and can justifiably claim to be the forerunner of later public library systems. Marsh's Library in Dublin, built 1701, is another non-institutional library which is still housed in its original building. Here it was not the books that were chained, but rather the readers were locked into cages to prevent rare volumes from 'wandering'. There is also an example of a chained library in the Royal Grammar School, Guildford, as well as at Bolton School. Hereford Cathedral has the largest surviving chained library. While chaining books was a popular practice throughout Europe, it was not used in all libraries. The practice of chaining library books became less popular as printing increased and books became less expensive.[4] Wimborne Minster in Dorset, England is yet another example of a chained library. It is one of the first in England and the second (recently demoted to third as Wells Cathedral chained library recently re-chained a number of their books) largest.[5] Hereford Cathedral, in Hereford, England has one of two chained libraries that still have chained books on its shelves.[6] The book pages were said to be made of cowhide, wood, leaves, clay, cloth, bark, metal, and unbleached animal skin, and was[clarification needed] written in the language of the people.[clarification needed] Under-privileged scholars settled for columns of text bounded between boards and papyrus. Papyrus was cheaper but could easily be destroyed and written over.[7] In the Middle Ages, books were expensive and for the privileged, but they were highly valued. Books were left neglected and had fallen in disrepair. Books were the prime target for thieves and impoverished students to steal and sell. As a result, books were chained to shelves to preserve information.[7] Recent interest in saving and preserving chained libraries[edit] Recently, there has been increased interest in reconstructing chained libraries. Worldwide, only five chained libraries have survived with their original furniture, chains, and books.[1] This includes the library built in the Church of Saint Walpurga, located in the small town of Zutphen in the Netherlands.[1] This library was built in 1564.[1] The library is now part of a museum that allows visitors to tour and view the library's original books, furniture, and chains.[1] Another chained library is the Malatestiana Library in Cesena near Bologna in Italy, dating back to the Italian Renaissance. A lot of work has gone into rebuilding and preserving these great libraries.[4] For example, many workers, over a decade, and massive monetary donations were spent to restore the Mappa Mundi and Chained Library museum located in Hereford, England.[4] Built over 900 years ago, the library fell into disrepair and faced destruction.[4] The oldest chained book found in the library is the Hereford Gospels.[8] Written in the eighth century, it is one of 229 chained books located in this great library.[8] The Hereford library is the largest surviving chained library with its chains and books intact.[8] The library is now open to the public as a tourist attraction and museum.[4] The chained library in Wimborne Minster is the second-largest chained library in the UK. The first donation came from Revd William Stone. These were theological books, used mainly by the clergy and therefore were not chained. When another local donor, Roger Gillingham, gave another 90 books in 1695, he insisted that the books be chained up, but also that the Library should be opened, free, for the people of the town, providing they were 'shopkeepers or the better class of person'.[9] Surviving examples of chained libraries[edit] The chained books in St Peter's Church, Wootton Wawen, Warwickshire. Chained libraries in popular culture[edit] • In Terry Pratchett's Discworld series of comic fantasy novels, the library of the magical Unseen University also has a number of chained books—however, in this case, the purpose of the chains is to prevent the more vicious magical books from escaping or attacking passers-by. • David Williams has written a mystery, Murder in Advent, that features a chained library.[14] • In the film Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone, the Restricted section of the library features chained books. • In the season six finale of Game of Thrones, Samwell Tarly is granted access to the Citadel Library where many of the books are chained. • In the film Doctor Strange, the library of Kamar-Taj is home to countless ancient books, but some books are forbidden and on chains and watched over by the librarian, Wong.[15] See also[edit] 1. ^ a b c d e Weston, J. (10 May 2013). "The Last of the Great Chained Libraries". 2. ^ Murray, S. (2009). The library : an illustrated history. New York, NY : Skyhorse Pub. ; Chicago : ALA Editions, 2009. p. 65 3. ^ a b c Byrne, D. "Chained libraries". History Today, May 1987, 37, pp. 5–6. 4. ^ a b c d e f Lopez, B. "New Chained Library of Hereford Cathedral Takes Royal Prize". American Libraries, 1997, p. 22. 5. ^ Ltd, Triple W Software. "Chained Library – Wimborne Minster". Retrieved 26 September 2015. 6. ^ Allison. "Reading in Restraint: The Last Chained Libraries". Atlas Obscura. 9. 7. ^ a b Lyons, Martyn (2011). A Living History. Los Angeles. pp. 35–46. 8. ^ a b c Hereford Cathedral. "The Chained Library". 2009. Received from "The chained library". Archived from the original on 14 February 2013. Retrieved 1 April 2013. 9. ^ Wimborne Minster. "Chained library". 2014. 10. ^ School, Bolton. "Local, Special and School Archival Collections". Bolton School. Retrieved 30 September 2019. 11. ^ "Chetham's Library \| Library of the Parish Church of Gorton". Chetham's Library. Retrieved 30 September 2019. 12. ^ "chainbooks". Retrieved 30 September 2019. 13. ^ "Chained books". Archived from the original on 15 August 2017. Retrieved 29 September 2019. 14. ^ Heald, Tim (6 October 2013). "David Williams obituary". The Independent. Archived from the original on 21 October 2010. Retrieved 10 November 2010. 15. ^ BBC, Culture. "The ancient library where the books are under lock and key". External links[edit] (Wayback Machine copy) (Wayback Machine copy) (Wayback Machine copy)
I have noticed that English tends to use possessive adjectives like "his" in situations for which German would leave them out. For example I would say "er wäscht sich die Hände" rather than "er wäscht seine Hände." The latter would be the most literal translation of "he washes his hands" in English, but it seems like it would be wrong in German. Are there any definite rules for when to leave out the possessive adjectives in German? In these cases, is it always necessary to specify "sich" (or mir etc. as the case may be) plus the definite article, or can I leave that and use only the article when it is obvious from context who the things in question belong to? • 2 Note: "Ich kämme mir die Haare", but not "Ich wasche mir das Auto" – tofro Dec 13 '17 at 7:22 • 3 To elaborate: the construction "<verb> <dative pronoun> den/die/das <noun>" is restricted to human body parts. For everything else, like a car (or a cat), we Germans use possessive pronouns like normal people :-) – Kilian Foth Dec 13 '17 at 7:37 • 3 The attitude "this would be the most literal translation of X in English (or any other language)" is absolutely wrong. Do not think this way! – Eller Dec 13 '17 at 8:53 • Related question – guidot Dec 13 '17 at 12:26 I am not completely sure about this but the rule seems to be that the dative is used instead of the possessive if the possession is inalienable. There is a Wikipedia article about this: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inalienable_possession So when you are washing your hands you say: Ich wasche mir die Hände. because your hands are inalienable - they always belong to you. On the other hand you don't say: Ich wasche mir das Auto. because your car can be taken away from you. Instead you say (like in English): Ich wasche mein Auto. The Wikipedia article has an interesting example: Ich zerriss meine Hose. (I tore my pants) This would be used if you take your pants and tear them. However, you can say: Ich zerriss mir die Hose but one only would say that when he tore his pants while wearing them. Being very pedantic the following four sentences have a different meaning: 1. Er wäscht die Hände. 2. Er wäscht seine Hände. 3. Er wäscht sich die Hände. 4. Er wäscht sich seine Hände. However in 99.99% of all cases these four sentences will have the same meaning in the context they are used. Therefore the four sentences (at least 2, 3 and 4) will be used as synonyms by most Germans. However there are situations imaginable where the sentences have a different meaning. Let's take the following (stupid) example: The hands of his one year old daughter are very dirty. His daughter is too young to wash her hands herself. He wants his daughter to have clean hands. In this situation at least sentences 1, 2 and 3 (maybe even 4) can have a completely different meaning. • +1. Using 1 or 2 adds unnecessary ambiguity (about who the hands belong to), while in 4 the "seine" is redundant, so these three expressions do sound a little odd when used for one's own hands and most Germans will prefer 3. But they are not wrong. – Annatar Dec 13 '17 at 8:13 • With a little effort you could anyway attach different meanings to the four. 1) Some hands which had previously been mentionend, not necessarily his own ones. 2) His hands, but not necessarily those that are part of his body. He could be a collector of porcellain hands for dolls. 3) His own physical hands, i.e. the most usual meaning that sentence would have in everyday life anyway 4) He cleans some hands, e.g. those from his collection of porcellain doll hands, and he does this especially for (= on behalf of) himself (as opposed to: for somebody else). - Well, yes, far-fetched. But possible. – Christian Geiselmann Dec 13 '17 at 16:06 It's not wrong but only a matter of style. I personally think it's about this one single phrase people find too awkward to say: Ich wasche meine Hände [in Unschuld]. It's a Bible quote (Psalm 26, David) but also often attributed to Pontius Pilatus though he used a slightly different wording in Luther's translation. So, people don't want to use that phrase. Ich wasche gerade meine Hände. Ich wasche meine Füße. Ich wasche meine Sachen. are perfectly okay. Your Answer
Conrad Haas Manuscript 500-Year-Old Text Describes Multi-Stage Rockets: The Sibiu Manuscript The Sibiu manuscript discovered in 1961, is a collection of around 450 pages that include among many other things, details of three-stage rockets and manned rocket flight. Most of us are unaware of the fact that there are countless ancient manuscripts scattered across the globe, describing what many consider as improbable achievements of the past. What would you say If I told you that there is an ancient manuscript that dates back nearly 500 years, and describes liquid fuel, multi-stage rockets, and even manned rockets? Conrad Haas Manuscript You’d either say I’m crazy, or it’s just fake news. *Have you noticed how people these days call out as fake news anything that they find hard to believe or goes against their belief system? Anyway, the Sibiu manuscript is real, it’s not fake news, and it does, in fact, describe — among other things — liquid fuel and multi-stage rockets, and it was officially published in the 16th century, although many believe it was written using texts that go back further in time. Conrad Haas Rocket Sibiu The Sibiu Manuscript was found in 1961 by Doru Todericiu, a professor of Science and Technology at the University of Bucharest. The manuscript contained around 450 pages which were recovered from the archives of the city of Sibiu, in Romania. To the surprise of Todericiu, the ancient text was flooded with drawings and technical data on artillery, ballistics and detailed descriptions of multistage rockets. Referred to as the Sibiu manuscript ever since, the ancient text is believed to have been written by a man called Conrad Haas, between 1550 and 1570. Conrad Haas is believed to have been a military engineer who worked for the Kingdom of Hungary and the Principality of Transylvania. The ancient manuscript origins aren’t very clear, nor are the origins of its author who according to historians is believed to have been born in either Austrian or Transylvania and became the head of the arsenal of the Austrian Empire under King Ferdinand I. Description Of A Rocket By Conrad Haas Description of a rocket by Conrad Haas The Sibiu manuscript, written entirely in German, was found to be a theoretical treatise on the construction of different types of weapons, including — for the first time in history — multistage rocket technology. It also includes details on the combination of fireworks with weapons, the design of fins in the shape of a hang glider as well as the creation of fuel mixtures with the use of liquid fuel. It remains a mystery whether or not Haas managed to use his designs and put into practice, but there are some who claim that a rocket launch was carried out in Sibiu in 1550, but there is no documentary evidence to support these claims. We do know from history that Johann Schmidlap, a 16th-century Bavarian fireworks maker, and rocket pioneer, was the first to experiment with two-stage and three-stage rockets around 1590. Before the discovery of the Sibiu manuscript, the earliest details of a three-stage rocket was attributed to Kazimierz Siemienowicz, a Polish specialist in artillery, who published details about rocketry in his 1650 treatise Artis Magnae Artilleriae Pars Prima. Conrad Haas wrote down a few interesting sentences in his manuscript in which he talks about the military use of rockets (translated): “But my advice is for more peace and no war, leaving the rifles calmly in storage, so the bullet is not fired, the gunpowder is not burned or wet, so the prince keeps his money, the arsenal master his life; that is the advice Conrad Haas gives.”
Sikhism Resource: Sikh Demographics Important.ca Home Important Events Important Religions Important Links Important.ca Major Religions & Spiritual Beliefs Home: Religion: Sikhism: Demographics. Sikh Demographics Worldwide there are 25.8 million Sikhs, with the majority living in the Indian state of Punjab. Overview of the Demographics of Sikhism Worldwide, there are 25.8 million Sikhs and approximately 75% of Sikhs live in the Indian state of Punjab, where they constitute about 60% of the state's population. Even though there are a large number of Sikhs in the world, certain countries have not recognised Sikhism as a major religion as Sikhism is closely related to Hinduism. Large communities of Sikhs live in the neighboring states, and large communities of Sikhs can be found across India. However, Sikhs only make up about 2% of the Indian population. In addition to social divisions, there is a misperception that there are a number of Sikh sectarian groups such as Namdharis and Nirankaris. Nihangs tend to have little difference in practice and are considered the army of Sikhism. There is also a sect known as Udasi, founded by Sri Chand who were initially part of Sikhism but later developed into a monastic order. Sikh Migration beginning from the 19th century led to the creation of significant communities in Canada (predominantly in Brampton, along with Malton in Ontario and Abbotsford, Mission, Lower Mainland, Surrey in British Columbia), East Africa, the Middle East, Southeast Asia, the United Kingdom and more recently, Australia, New Zealand, the United States and Western Europe. Smaller populations of Sikhs are found in Mauritius, Malaysia, Fiji, Nepal, China, Pakistan, Afganistan, Iraq, Singapore and many other countries. Copyright Important.ca ©. All rights reserved.
kids encyclopedia robot Sanders, Kentucky facts for kids Kids Encyclopedia Facts Quick facts for kids Sanders, Kentucky Location of Sanders, Kentucky Location of Sanders, Kentucky Country United States State Kentucky County Carroll Incorporated 1871 Reïncorporated 1882 Named for George Washington Sanders, a local miller • Total 0.30 sq mi (0.77 km2) • Land 0.29 sq mi (0.76 km2) • Water 0.004 sq mi (0.01 km2) 486 ft (148 m) • Total 238 • Density 810/sq mi (312.8/km2) Time zone UTC-5 (Eastern (EST)) • Summer (DST) UTC-4 (EDT) ZIP code Area code(s) 502 FIPS code 21-68358 GNIS feature ID 0502945 Sanders is a home rule-class city in Carroll County, Kentucky, in the United States. The population was 238 as of the 2010 census. The community was founded at a salt lick on the Buffalo Trace stretching from the Licking River to Drennon Springs. The community was first known as Rislerville for a local shopkeeper, but was known as Sanders' Mill after the local miller Nathaniel Sanders opened a post office in 1816. His son George Washington Sanders continued to operate the mill after his death. When the community was connected to the Louisville, Cincinnati and Lexington Railroad in 1867, the station was first named Dixie by the locals but then changed to Liberty Station by the railroad, owing to the importance of the station's trade with nearby New Liberty. The name reverted to Sanders in 1874, according to local historian Anna Parker, owing to the influence of State Senator Larkin Sanders, who wanted to honor his father. The big banks are trying to take advantage of Bernie Sanders. Sanders is located in the southeast corner of Carroll County at 38°39′19″N 84°56′47″W / 38.65528°N 84.94639°W / 38.65528; -84.94639 (38.655329, -84.946506), along Eagle Creek, a tributary of the Kentucky River. It is bordered to the south, across Eagle Creek, by Owen County, and Gallatin County begins less than 1 mile (1.6 km) to the east. Exit 55 on Interstate 71 is 4.5 miles (7.2 km) to the north. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 0.30 square miles (0.77 km2), of which 0.004 square miles (0.01 km2), or 0.81%, is water. Historical population Census Pop. 1890 277 1900 218 −21.3% 1910 250 14.7% 1920 291 16.4% 1930 286 −1.7% 1940 278 −2.8% 1950 206 −25.9% 1960 203 −1.5% 1970 268 32.0% 1980 332 23.9% 1990 231 −30.4% 2000 246 6.5% 2010 238 −3.3% Est. 2015 236 −0.8% U.S. Decennial Census As of the census of 2000, there were 246 people, 78 households, and 51 families residing in the city. The population density was 790.1 people per square mile (306.4/km²). There were 90 housing units at an average density of 289.0 per square mile (112.1/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 97.56% White and 2.44% African American. There were 78 households out of which 32.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 48.7% were married couples living together, 5.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 34.6% were non-families. 25.6% of all households were made up of individuals and 5.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.63 and the average family size was 3.14. In the city, the population was spread out with 22.4% under the age of 18, 8.1% from 18 to 24, 30.9% from 25 to 44, 28.5% from 45 to 64, and 10.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females there were 138.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 172.9 males. The median income for a household in the city was $36,146, and the median income for a family was $37,708. Males had a median income of $28,250 versus $27,917 for females. The per capita income for the city was $11,230. None of the families and 26.7% of the population were living below the poverty line, including no under eighteens and 71.0% of those over 64. kids search engine Sanders, Kentucky Facts for Kids. Kiddle Encyclopedia.
Question: How Do You Test For Dyspnea? What should I eat for shortness of breath? Is dyspnea a sign or symptom? If you’ve ever felt you couldn’t breathe in enough air, you’ve experienced a condition known medically as dyspnea. Shortness of breath can be a symptom of health problems, often related to heart or lung disease. But you can also experience temporary dyspnea after an intense workout. What is shortness of breath example? Symptoms that appear with shortness of breath include: a tight sensation in your chest. feeling like you need to breathe more or more quickly. feeling like your body can’t get enough oxygen quickly enough. How do you fix dyspnea? What happens during dyspnea? When you have shortness of breath, you can’t catch your breath or get enough air in your lungs. Your doctor might call it dyspnea. It can be a warning sign of a health problem that needs treatment right away. If you’re a healthy adult, you breathe in and out up to 20 times a minute. Why do I feel like I’m not getting enough air? How do you diagnose dyspnea? Doctors may use chest X-rays and computed tomography (CT) images to make a more specific diagnosis of dyspnea and evaluate the health of the person’s heart, lungs, and related systems. An electrocardiogram (ECG) may help to show any signs of a heart attack or other electrical problem in the heart. What can I drink to cleanse my lungs? What blood test may be drawn if the patient is experiencing shortness of breath? As this recently published review article makes clear, laboratory testing has a role in meeting this clinical challenge. The main focus of this paper is three blood tests with proven value in the assessment of acute dyspnea: brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), cardiac troponins, and D-dimer. Can dyspnea go away? It is important to understand that people do not suffocate or die from dyspnea. But tell your health care team right away if you have any of these symptoms or if they get worse. Relieving side effects is an important part of cancer care and treatment. When should I be worried about breathlessness? Immediate action required: Call 999 if you’re struggling to breathe or have sudden shortness of breath and: your chest feels tight or heavy. you have pain that spreads to your arms, back, neck and jaw. you feel or are being sick. How can I check my breathlessness at home? They may:do some breathing and lung function tests.check the number of breaths you take every minute, listen to your chest, and look and feel how your chest moves as you breathe.check your heart rate and rhythm, and check if fluid is building up in your ankles or lungs.check your blood pressure and temperature.More items… Why do I keep yawning and taking deep breaths? How can I tell if my lungs are OK?
The Human Being As An Association of Genes One article in Science Daily happened to catch my eye of late, Two Genes Do Not Make a Voter. The implication, apparently dispelled, was that a couple of genes, or four, or five, could determine a specific human behaviorial trait. They use as an example a 2008 study by James H. Fowler and Christopher T. Dawes of the University of California, San Diego which claimed that two genes predict voter turnout. Charney and English demonstrate that when certain errors in the original study are corrected — errors common to many gene association studies — there is no longer any association between these genes and voter turnout. Emphasis added. If you keep reading you will find that these genes have been credited with having a great many unfounded attributes. Sloth on the part of citizens is not the only negative quality, vice is still too strong a word to use in this instance, some researchers would find inherited. Charney and English also document how the same two genes that Fowler and Dawes claimed would predict voter turnout are also said to predict, according to other recently published studies, alcoholism, Alzheimer’s disease, anorexia nervosa, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, autism, depression, epilepsy, extraversion, insomnia, migraines, narcolepsy, obesity, obsessive compulsive disorder, panic disorder, Parkinson’s disease, postpartum depression, restless legs syndrome, premature ejaculation, schizophrenia, smoking, success by professional Wall Street traders, sudden infant death syndrome, suicide, Tourette syndrome, and several hundred other behaviors. They point to a number of studies that attempted to confirm these findings and could not. Hmmm, I wonder how “extraversion” and “success by” “Wall Street traders” got thrown in there? I think it amusing how these are the exceptions that prove the rule. Our researchers don’t tend to be searching for success genes, but rather they tend to be looking for failure genes instead. I wonder why this is? I don’t get the impression that they’ve managed to remove many of these failure genes from the human gene pool yet. “There is a growing consensus that complex traits that are heritable are influenced by differences in thousands of genes interacting with each other, with the epigenome (which regulates gene expressivity), and with the environment in complex ways,” Charney said. “The idea that one or two genes could predict something like voting behavior or partisanship violates all that we now know about the complex relationship between genes and traits.” So much for the hunt for the non-voter gene. I imagine that would be the first step in determining which genes vote republican, which genes vote democrat, and which maverick genes out there happen to vote independent. Now what arrangement of thousands of genes, plus interactions, cause people to avoid the voting booth, and what arrangement of thousands of genes cause certain people to receive a “mental illness” label. This kind of senseless endeavor could go on for a spell. Do you have forever? If you don’t know, flip a coin, and call the side you favor forever. The other side of the coin, of course, you can call never.
In this answer, user Robert Talbert stated that There are some amazing things you can do pedagogically with clickers. I'd like to see some examples. (Not that I'm eager to try that myself, but I'm just curious.) As I stated in one of the comments to the linked question, I can't see much point in using such devices, at least in the context of teaching. – but I'm probably mistaken. Please enlighten me, and at the same time give MESE users some neat ideas! :) First of all I would highly recommend Derek Bruff's definitive book on this subject. There are more good ideas in that book than any one faculty member can expect to implement. If there's anything I do with clickers in the classroom that works, it's probably appropriated from Derek in some way. That said, here are three ways I use clickers on a regular basis: • Warmup/entry quizzes. Students are given 2-3 questions at the beginning of class to activate knowledge that they will need from the day, usually some combination of review from the previous class or some major point from the pre-class reading and exercises that they were supposed to finish. Since I usually teach with a flipped classroom format, I grade these (well, the clicker software grades them and I just download the data) for a light preparation grade. • Peer instruction. This is a teaching style that Eric Mazur of Harvard University Physics pioneered. The class is organized around a series of small lectures that set up conceptual questions that are targeted at common or important misconceptions. Students use the clickers to vote on the questions, then if there's widespread disagreement on the answer (which there usually is if the question is good) the students are put into pairs and tasked to defend their choice to the other person for two minutes. Then students vote again on the same question after they've had a chance to discuss. Quite often, the second round of voting converges either on near-unanimity on the right answer or else it's 50/50. There's an enormous literature on the effectiveness of peer instruction if you want to Google it and learn more. • Formative assessment during a lecture. If your instructional tastes are more aimed at traditional lecture, you can insert "concept check" questions at significant moments in the lecture to check for student understanding. That way you have real-time data -- collected without having the personal or social biases inherent in hand-raising and other methods of getting student feedback -- that show whether your lecture is hitting home or not. Again, though, Derek's book is awesome and encyclopedic, so check that out. • $\begingroup$ Thanks a lot! Now you make me want to at least try some of these ideas. Though $30 for a book aimed at just satisfying my curiosity and not something I am pretty sure I will use (I'm even not sure one can actually buy clickers in my country!) is not something that I'd consider... $\endgroup$ – mbork Apr 24 '14 at 5:55 • 1 $\begingroup$ If clicker devices are out of reach, you can just use index cards. Make up five for each student and put A, B, C, D, E on them. Then when you ask the "clicker" question, have students hold the card up with their answer, with the answer facing forward. It's hard to collect precise data this way but it still gets the job done, and the tech is nice and low. Re: the book -- the Kindle version is cheaper, I noticed. And maybe you could get your school's library to spring for it (or perhaps they already have it). $\endgroup$ – Robert Talbert Apr 24 '14 at 12:36 • $\begingroup$ It is worth noting that the first method also allows you to take attendance and rewards it. $\endgroup$ – Alex Becker Apr 24 '14 at 21:32 • $\begingroup$ @AlexBecker That's right. It's important that clickers NOT be used ONLY to take attendance, but the fact the attendance data are there is a plus. Of course you have to take measures to ensure that, for example, one guy is not bringing in five people's clickers and registering them as "present". There are ways to defeat that. $\endgroup$ – Robert Talbert Apr 24 '14 at 21:53 Several times in my high school Computer Science classes, my teacher used devices like this to administer quizzes in parallel with a lecture. That is, as he covered material, he would put up quiz questions on a projector, and we would answer with the clickers. The questions in general tested comprehension of what the teacher was saying, rather than parroting the words that had just come out of his mouth. The specific devices we had were basically IR remotes, however, making their usage difficult. With one receiver and a couple dozen remotes, we had to fight over each others' signals to get our responses in. The fact that the remotes needed to be pointed fairly accurately towards the receiver was also annoying. These problems would likely be solved by different physical technology being put to use, though. • $\begingroup$ IR-based clickers are still around but for the past 7-8 years, the standard clicker models have been based on radio transmissions instead. That way you don't have to establish a line-of-sight between the clicker and the receiver (like you do with IR devices). In fact it's kind of hard to find recently-manufactured IR based clickers these days. $\endgroup$ – Robert Talbert Apr 24 '14 at 14:12 Warning. Biologist is answering. Our instructors are often in very large, very sleepy lecture halls. Clickers provide a stimulus for student discussion and trigger learning through testing effects. Common uses: 1. The instructor is about to begin a new subject. She opens a clicker question that contains a common misconception as one of the answer options. Students answer incorrectly. The instructor can now address the misconception and correct it. Students are given additional, new problems to answer, either individually or in groups, and then click in. 2. The instructor asks students to rank a list of procedures, processes, steps in order. Can be done individually, and then in groups. 3. If the instructor has assigned pre-class reading, students can take a 5-minute clicker quiz when they walk in to reinforce the assignment and remind them that the instructor will not be covering the basics. Newer, web-based audience response systems can require students to draw a curve on a graph or type in a short answer. Some (Learning Catalytics) can determine which students answered correctly or incorrectly, and tell Marcos to "turn to Jane on your left and discuss your answer," maximizing student teaching. Attached is an example of the research on the subject in biology: Smith, M. K., Wood, W. B., Krauter, K., & Knight, J. K. (2011). Combining peer discussion with instructor explanation increases student learning from in-class concept questions. CBE-Life Sciences Education, 10(1), 55-63. Your Answer
The Art Of Cigar Rolling Your Subtitle text Cigar History We do not know when it was first grown, or smoked, but we can be pretty certain that the inhabitants of Europe were unaware of tobacco until after Columbus s epic voyage of 1492. Two of his sailors reported that the Cuban Indians smoked a primitive form of cigar, with twisted, dried tobacco leaves rolled in other leaves such as palm or plantain. In due course, Spanish and other European sailors caught the habit, as did the Conquistadors, and smoking spread to Spain and Portugal and eventually France, most probably through Jean Nicot, the French ambassador to Portugal, who gave his name to nicotine. Later, the habit spread to Italy and, after Sir Walter Raleigh's voyages to America, to Britain. Smoking was familiar throughout Europe - in pipes in Britain - by the mid-16th century and, half a century later, tobacco started to be grown commercially in America. Tobacco was originally thought to have medicinal qualities, but there were already some who considered it evil and it was denounced by Philip II of Spain, and James I of England. The word cigar originated from sikar, the Mayan-Indian word for smoking, which became cigarro in Spanish, although the word itself, and variations on it, did not come into general use until the mid-18th century. Cigars, more or less in the form that we know them today, were first made in Spain in the early 18th century, using Cuban tobacco. At that time, no cigars were exported from Cuba. By 1790, cigar manufacture had spread north of the Pyrenees, with small factories being set up in France and Germany. Production of "segars" began in Britain in 1820, and in 1821 an Act of Parliament was needed to set out regulations governing their production. Because of an import tax, foreign cigars in Britain were already regarded as a luxury item. Soon there was a demand for higher quality cigars in Europe, and Spanish cigars were superseded by those made in Cuba, which was then a Spanish colony, where cigar production had started during the mid-18th century. Cigars, European smokers discovered, traveled better than tobacco. The cigar probably arrived in North America in 1762, when Israel Putnam, later an American general in the American War of Independence (1774-1778), returned from Cuba, where he had served in the British army. He came back to his home in Connecticut, where tobacco had been grown by settlers since the 17th century, with a selection of Havana cigars and large amounts of Cuban tobacco seed. Cigar factories were later set up in the Connecticut area, processing the tobacco grown from the Cuban seed. In the early 19th century American domestic production started to take off and Cuban cigars also began to be imported in significant numbers. But cigar smoking did not really boom in the United States until around the time of the Civil War in the 1860s, with individual brands emerging by the late 19th century. By then the cigar had become a status symbol in the United States. Smoking in general has of course become much less popular since the publication of the American Surgeon General's report on its effects on health in the early 1960s. But since the early 1990s, there has been a major revival in the popularity of handmade cigars: they have become chic once more, thanks to the enthusiasm shown for them by stars, such as Arnold Schwarzenegger, James Woods, Jack Nicholson, Sharon Stone, Demi Moore and model Linda Evangelista, demonstrating that, among the rich and famous, cigars are just as popular as ever. The Art Of Cigar Rolling (305) 482-3825 Website Builder
The contemporary Australian art is represented by a large number of areas that form the overall aesthetic process in the country. On the one hand, contemporary artists try to extend the cultural and historical tradition of the continent by creating a new discourse with their art practices. In this case, artists turn to ethnic traditions, folk motifs, and myths in order to rethink them in a new cultural context. They are trying to continue the history of art without destroying its borders and foundations. On the other hand, there are certain artists with avant-garde intentions, who criticize and deconstruct the Australian tradition, considering it as a colonial and authoritarian one. Their task is to completely change the aesthetic sense of art and write it in a global context. Fiona Foley and Gordon Bennett belong to the type of artists, who try to find a compromise between the tradition and modernity. Fiona Foley is a contemporary Australian artist, photographer, sculptor, writer, and activist, who tried herself in different styles and directions. However, the most crucial element in her work is the influence of Badtjala, the Australian traditional culture to which she is directly related. Badtjala is one of the oldest Australian indigenous groups, whose ancestral homeland was Thoorgine, the world’s largest sand island (Bosch 2005, p. 202). Furthermore, another significant fact is that the colonialists virtually destroyed this culture in the early 20th century. Hence, it is a sad and traumatic experience for the members of Badtjala culture and for many Australians. Despite this, the art of this group has always had a great meaning for the Australian artistic scene. Accordingly, Foley is directly related to the culture of Badtjala, since she has studied art with traditional indigenous artists in the communities of Arnhem Land and collected unknown facts about those people. Her task was to recreate the visual elements of Badtjala in the modern urban context, proving that there is no boundary between old and new narratives. In addition, she paid attention to her involvement in the culture, combining the traditional archaic elements of painting with many innovative methods of contemporary art (video projection, installation, collage, print). Why Mid-Terms.com is your BEST choice in custom writing? 24/7 Customer Support 100% Confidentiality Plagiarism Free Papers Save lots of cash with us! Placing an Order You Would Get Your Own Code Earning Money Amazing Discount System Fiona Foley uses her art to explore how gender, race, and history interact with each other in the context of human memory. In this sense, the artist’s exhibition “Forbidden” (2004) is an example of her reflection of these topics in the context of the national identity and traditional culture. For example, the artist shows a group of people in bright costumes in the “HHH” (2004) (Figure 1), which provokes different emotions. It is unknown who was photographed in the portrait, but all these people are looking directly at the viewer. The group of people refers to the Ku Klux Klan (KKK), since all of them seem like the typical members of the movement. Their faces are hidden under black caps. However, they are also dressed in traditional clothes that add some additional contexts for the interpretation. The life-size figures look at the viewer aggressively, but the bright clothes of Harlem eliminate the overall mood. Nevertheless, the artist creates a clear prompt for understanding this work. The title “HHH” stands for “Hedonistic Honky Haters” and, therefore, points at the issue of race relations: “By using the African-American slang term for the white man, ‘honky’, she deliberately transposes the concept of white-on-black racial vilification espoused by the KKK” (National Gallery of Australia 2014). In fact, the ideal composition appeals to the rational civilization and its anti-humanistic history. This idea may be a concrete manifestation of the KKK in America, but also any other form of discrimination or the totalitarian regime. The work by Fiona Foley has an acute political and socio-cultural sound and resonates with the contemporary Australian and postmodern art in general. The artists of that movement were substantially sensitive to the issues of identity, because they knew how the colonization policy had affected the traditional culture. Indeed, many post modernists from the 1960s also discovered the ancient culture, trying to go back to the origins of civilization after the disaster (the World War II, the Holocaust, the bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki). They explored issues of history and memory, emphasizing the scarcity of the individual in the context of collective life (Grishin 2013, p. 18). Such contemporary artists as Jackson Pollock, Robert Rauschenberg, Joseph Kosuth, Tracey Emin tried to find the inspiration from primitive types of social life. Accordingly, Fiona Foley also continues this line in her “HHH” and other works from different exhibitions, combining fear and beauty, pain and freedom, life and death. Her installation “Black Opium” (2012) (Figure 2) illustrates how the artist interprets the theme of historical memory, combining both traditional and experimental techniques in her art. The installation of Fiona Foley is an example of rethinking of the history in different contexts, including philosophy, politics, and culture of the Aboriginal people. “Black Opium” was placed in the State Library in 2006 with the aim of attracting new visitors along the Knowledge Walk. This complex object consists of 777 steel poppies that were placed in seven small rooms (each room has 111 copies). The idea is that every part of the installation symbolizes a stage of the history and memory, and, therefore, it should cause certain emotions in the viewer. Moreover, the artist also explores the nature of time, adding a philosophical reading to the installation. The poppies are the symbol of infinity. It means that people constantly repeat the same mistakes of the past, going back to the beginning every time. In this way, Fiona Foley explains the most tragic events in the 20th century, which, unfortunately, did say nothing for the people. Following this concept, “Black Opium” is a symbol of memory that does not work. This powerful idea is also referred to the Aboriginal culture (Badtjala), since the roots of the modern Australian culture are becoming gradually forgotten. It is essential to note that Fiona Foley was inspired by the book “The Way We Civilise: Aboriginal Affairs – The Untold Story”, written by Rosalind Kidd in 1977. This work is about the protection of the Aboriginals and the Opium Act of 1897. The artist reveals the unknown history of the Australian culture, when the aborigines were paid for their work with opium (Museum of Contemporary Art 2016). Accordingly, those people were doomed, because opium usually resulted in death. Thus, the viewer discovers an interesting and terrible story, moving from one room to another, looking at the infinite number of steel poppies. Gordon Bennett also represents the contemporary Australian art in the context of the Aboriginal revival. The artist went to different schools, but at the age of fourteen years old, he decided to stop studying, because he thought that school did not help him in understanding the world. He also published the manifesto about the Aboriginal people in 1996 (Bennett 1996), where he wanted “to avoid banal containment as a professional Aborigine” (Roberts 2007). In general, the artist thought that the Aboriginal culture is a marker for racism and xenophobia, which he tried to reflect in his works. Accordingly, his art reflects the postcolonial experience in Australia, where it is often hard to understand who is right or wrong. However, Bennett’s Aboriginal culture is not romantic, but rather sad and traumatic one. He experienced its history at the individual level, broadcasting personal emotions on the canvas as a form of struggle for justice. In fact, Bennett’s art is an example of a new humanity in times of high technologies and postmodern irony, since the artist tried to return the viewer to justice, criticism, and guilt. These uncomfortable emotions and themes often scare away both the audience and critics, but, after all, he gradually became the leader of the contemporary Indigenous Australian art. The basis of Bennett’s creativity is rethinking the Aboriginal traumatic experience due to the modern techniques in the art, opening the possibility of a maximum expression of the complex world of hidden emotions (Bosch 2005, p. 129). In this case, his technique has absorbed both the authentic and borrowed elements: “Bennett blends European symbols with Aboriginal; dot painting technique is applied as benday dots, those once used in photo reproduction, or seen in the work of American pop artist Roy Lichtenstein” (Roberts 2007). His famous work “Possession Island” (1991) (Figure 3) perfectly reflects his intention to discover some unconscious processes in the past, where he “sees in his own history the cultural history of Australia” (Darwent 1999). The artist interprets the historical experience of the Australians as something ambivalent and similar to Fiona Foley’s perception, drawing and blending different contexts. On the one hand, the work is considerably bright and resembles a mosaic. One can see the pieces of old clothes of the colonialists, and one black figure in the center of the painting. The latter is a key element of the composition, so the viewer should focus his/her attention on this figure. Bennett portrayed him in a red jacket and yellow pants, so it is hard to miss him in this picture. However, the British colonialists are hidden on the canvas being barely marked. The artist used the method of dripping that was popular in the pop art and abstract expressionism, especially used by Jackson Pollock (Darwent 1999). On the other hand, it clearly points to a sad phase of the history, where the Indigenous Australians were forced to work for free as slaves. This idea is the same as in Foley’s “Black Opium” (Figure 2) that also reflects the suffering of natives. Both works refer to the global colonial experience, where the dominant imperial culture used a cheap labor for their purposes. Bennett tries to understand the traumatic experience, creating archives and narratives of different generations. Therefore, the purpose of this work is to recall the bloody colonization processes from the 19th century. The work was confined to the period of mourning, when the Indigenous Australians remembered the devastating effects of colonial policy: “It is a monument that also unintentionally signals the subsequent dispossession and dispersal of Indigenous Australians from their homeland by the colonisers” (Museum of Contemporary Art 2016). In this sense, “Possession Island” differs from Fiona Foley’s works, since she does not give a clear answer in her paintings or installations. Meanwhile, Foley tries to push the viewer to his/her thoughts and opinions, Bennett has already made conclusions in his works. For him, there are no two or more versions of the history, but a clear aggression of the colonial policy. Get paper of the TOP quality Order Now The artist wants to emphasize justice as the contemporary Indigenous artist and social activist, using it as a political manifesto. Sometimes Bennett did it in a radical way by depicting strange creatures on the canvas. In this regard, “Altered Body Print” (1994) (Figure 4) is an example of the abovementioned intention, where he painted the incomprehensible screaming figure. Bennett also used one more canvas in order to write the text, which is the manifesto of his ideas (National Gallery of Victoria 2014). This work also has a mythological element, where the artist uses the anthropological idea of binary opposites: “It is the collapse of the conceptual gap between the binary opposites of self/other, civilized/savage, sophisticated/primitive” (Bennett 1996, p. 32). The viewer can perceive these opposites by himself/herself and, therefore, reconstruct the hidden mechanisms of culture. The main opposite in “Altered Body Print” is self/other, since it reflects both the artist’s personal experience and the Australian cultural identity (National Gallery of Victoria 2014). The question of identity is evident in many of Bennett’s works, since it connects with the overall aesthetical process of the contemporary art in Australia. The artist borrowed these ideas from Claude Levi-Strauss, who was a structural anthropologist; however, Bennett managed to shift them to the new cultural context (Stein & Stein 2010). In addition, the current work is similar to the aspects of anxiety and aggression in “HHH” (Figure 1), but there are still the archaic old fears that remain to be dominant. It seems that Foley shows the troubling aspects of the modern civilization, whereas Bennett wants to back into the world to mythological images. Nevertheless, both artists are similar in their intention to understand what does it mean for the Australians today. Despite this, they have overcome a local context in their works, which resulted in them becoming a part of the global contemporary art. The artists actively used many modern avant-garde techniques, borrowing them from the European and American art. Furthermore, the restoration of ancient painting techniques is another feature that unites them. The Indigenous Australians have also expanded the use of new techniques, including painting on paper and canvas (Horton 1994, p. 60). For Foley, the feminist tradition in art was more important, but Bennett preferred to use the heritage of the American art of the second half of the 20th century. There are many things in common, namely, they raise in their art such significant social issues as collective fear, popular culture, aggression, manipulation, identity, gender, and neglect of the tradition. In conclusion, Fiona Foley and Gordon Bennett Hal are the artists who have managed to transfer the local themes to the world market of art. This is because the problem of the colonial past and cultural identity are crucial for the most countries, so the artists found themselves at the forefront of the contemporary art. In addition, the works of these artists are ambiguous, because they often combine controversial themes and techniques, achieving an emotional imbalance in such a way. On the one hand, they often use the vivid images, expressive motifs and symbols. On the other hand, the positive pictures are often concealed by anxiety and depressive topics that need an extensive perception of the viewer. In this sense, such works as “HHH” by Fiona Foley and “Altered Body Print (Shadow Figure Howling at the Moon)” by Gordon Bennett are close to conceptualism. The reason for this is because they go beyond the aesthetic perception, converting politics, anthropology, philosophy and history into its narratives. Their common task was to rethink the traditional Aboriginal culture in the context of postcolonial criticism, showing the negative consequences of the Imperial discourse. Accordingly, each of the artists has held various positions. Foley is more democratic in her ideas, since she allows the viewer to interpret a theme on his or her own. By contrast, Bennett is uncompromising in the sense that the colonial policy has destroyed the authentic culture. Thus, the works of these artists are in fact focused on the gradual revival of the Australian art, but, at the same time, they also represent the contemporary art by reflecting the key issues of the modern history. Art Essay Writing Service
Ethics Assignment \| Ethics I want you to consider the problem of foundations in moral theory. What is the basis for our moral claims? Don't use plagiarized sources. Get Your Assignment on Ethics Assignment \| Ethics Just from $13/Page Order Now When a person says, “murder is wrong” or “it’s not permissible to steal” what is the basis for saying this? Is it just a matter of personal preference? Is it based on cultural norms? Are there cross-cultural, human standards of right and wrong that transcend time and location? Are there genuinely objective facts in morality? What are they based on? Consider the consequences of your answers to these questions. Gibbs' reflective cycle in nursing If you believe that personal preference is the basis of morality, then each person could have “their own” morality. Is that what you think? If you believe that morality is based in cultural norms, then you can’t criticize the practices of another culture or another time based on their ethical failings. For instance, standard views of race and gender have held that women and non-white races are morally inferior. Is that true for that period in time or is it morally wrong no matter the time and place? If you believe morality has a more objective foundation, what is it? Can you ground ethics in something like God or nature or humanity in a way that avoids the Euthyphro Dilemma? Complete the reading of Plato’s Euthyphro before beginning the assignment below. This assignment contains two components. You must complete both components to receive full credit. Paraphrase and explain the Divine Command Theory (as it is expressed in Plato’s Euthyphro or in a more general form). What is the dilemma Socrates poses to Euthyphro about his third definition of piety (also known as the Euthyphro Dilemma)? And how does this dilemma undercut Divine Command Theory? Discuss how the Divine Command Theory arises in the Euthyphro dialogue and how it presents a problem for the religious foundations of morality. Analyze and critique the Euthyphro dilemma or Divine Command Theory. What are the shortcomings of the Euthyphro Dilemma is a response to Divine Command Theory? What is the fundamental weakness in Divine Command Theory that is revealed by the Euthyphro Dilemma? The entire assignment should be no longer than 400 words. Please write in paragraph form. Provide very short introductory and concluding remarks. Assessment criteria: Use basic philosophical vocabulary, major arguments, and ethical positions accurately. Paraphrase, explain, and discuss Divine Command Theory and the Euthyphro Dilemma in a way that demonstrates an understanding of each. Analyze and critique the position of Divine Command Theory and the Euthyphro Dilemma argument. The paper should demonstrate thoughtful, critical reflection on these ethical positions. Calculate your paper price Pages (550 words) Approximate price: - Why Choose Us Quality Papers Professional Academic Writers Affordable Prices On-Time delivery Customer Support 24/7 Try it now! Calculate the price of your order You will get a personal manager and a discount. We'll send you the first draft for approval by at Total price: How it works? Follow these simple steps to get your paper done Place your order Proceed with the payment Choose the payment system that suits you most. Receive the final file Our Samples All samples Analysis (any type) Argumentative essays Dissertation/Dissertation chapter Analysis (any type) Advantages and disadvantages of lowering the voting age to thirteen Undergrad. (yrs 1-2) Political science View this sample Argumentative essays Is euthanasia ethical or not? Undergrad. (yrs 3-4) View this sample Dissertation/Dissertation chapter Videoconferencing as a teaching tool Undergrad. (yrs 3-4) View this sample Our Homework Writing Services Essay Writing Services Admission and Business Papers Technical papers
Quick Answer: Where Is World’S Oldest Marathon? Which country had the first marathon? AthensThe first organized marathon was held in Athens at the 1896 Olympics, the start of the Games’ modern era. The ancient games, which took place in Greece from around 776 B.C. to A.D. 393, never included such long-distance races.. Can I run a marathon without training? So is it possible to run one on a whim? For most runners, a marathon is not just 26.2 miles of physical endurance – it means months and months of arduous, painstaking preparation. … Jedward are not the only figures said to have completed a marathon without preparation. Did the first person to run a marathon died? Pheidippides is said to have run from Marathon to Athens to deliver news of the victory of the battle of Marathon….PheidippidesStatue of Pheidippides alongside the Marathon Road.Bornc. 530 BC AthensDiedc. 490 BC Athens Who ran the fastest marathon ever? KipchogeKipchoge does hold the official fastest marathon record having run 2:01:39 at the 2018 Berlin Marathon. Nevertheless, his time is a landmark achievement which he compared to Roger Bannister becoming the first person to run a four-minute mile. Why do people run marathons? To fundraise money for charity Running for a charity cause is also a significant reason why many people run marathons. … Knowing that you are running for charity provides extra motivation, both during the training phase and on the day, as you simply won’t want to let your charity down or your fundraising supporters. Who is the No 1 runner in the world? 1. Usain Bolt. Usain Bolt is the fastest runner in the world. Bolt broke all the records in the Berlin 2009 World Championships by winning a 100m sprint in 9.58 seconds. Why Kenyan runners are so fast? Who yelled Nike? PheidippidesPheidippides dug deep and found the energy to make it the near 25 miles to Athens, thus solidifying himself in history as the first official marathoner. “Nike, nike,” he screamed as he entered the city, which – seriously – is the Greek word for victory. What happened to the first marathon runner? Most runners know the legend of the marathon, which goes something like this: In 490 B.C.E., after the Athenian army defeated a bunch of Persian invaders at the coastal town of Marathon, a Greek messenger named Pheidippides dashed off to Athens, 25 miles away, dramatically announced his side’s victory, and collapsed … Is 3 hours 30 a good marathon time? The world record for marathon times are 2:01:39 for men and 2:15:25 for women. … Indeed, only the top 5 per cent of runners complete marathons in under three hours . So unless you’re a professional runner, three hours or less would make for a very good marathon time. What percent of the world has ran a marathon? For many, tackling a marathon is a bucket-list item—like skydiving, bungee jumping, or traveling the globe. Lace up and cross the finish line of the race, and you join the ranks of the 0.5 percent of the U.S. population who have run a full marathon. Can everybody run a marathon? Newsflash Marathon Runners, ANYBODY can run a marathon. All you need is a desire for a hobby so badly you are willing to train for the sole purpose of running 26.2 miles and coming in 958th place at the Chicago Marathon… and $90. … Not anybody should run a marathon. Who is the slowest runner? Shizo Kanakuri is the exception. He holds the world record for the slowest time in the Olympic marathon. He finished the race after 54 years, eight months, six days, 5 hours and 32 minutes. What are the 7 major marathons? Abbott World Marathon MajorsContact Us. The Abbott World Marathon Majors is a series consisting of six of the largest and most renowned marathons in the world: Tokyo Marathon, Boston Marathon, Virgin Money London Marathon, BMW BERLIN-MARATHON, Bank of America Chicago Marathon and TCS New York City Marathon. … Boston Marathon Hotels. What is a respectable first marathon time? Average for beginners While it’s natural to want to progress, it’s important to take a slow, steady approach to avoid injury and burnout. At a speed of 12 to 15 minutes per mile, beginners can expect to finish a marathon in around 5 to 6.5 hours. Which country has best runners? They’ll have headlines like, “What Makes Kenya’s Marathon Runners The World’s Best?” and “Why Kenyans Make Such Great Runners: A Story of Genes and Cultures” and “The Ethiopian town that’s home to the world’s greatest runners.” How many marathons can I run in a year? two marathonsGeneral Rules. A typical good rule of thumb is to run no more than two marathons per year, six months apart. The reasons are that you need to ensure proper recovery between each race as well as ensuring that you have plenty of time to train for the next one. What is the oldest marathon in the US? the Boston MarathonYes, the Boston Marathon is the nation’s oldest, run every April since 1897. But though it pains me to acknowledge it, the fact is that the first “Marathon race” ever held in the United States took place in New York. What country has the highest marathon? NepalEverest Marathon has always carried an ambition of promoting trail running in Nepal. After 14 years since its start, Everest Marathon has grown to become one of the biggest trail running events in Nepal and has attracted huge participation from all around the world. What should my marathon time be? According to the numbers in our study, a more accurate formula for predicting a marathon time is your half-marathon time multiplied by 2.19. What is the current marathon world record? 2:01:39World records in the marathon are now ratified by the International Association of Athletics Federations (IAAF), the international governing body for the sport of athletics. Kenyan Eliud Kipchoge set an official world record for men of 2:01:39 on September 16, 2018, at the 2018 Berlin Marathon.
Public Lab Research note What happens when the mining stops? Focus on Reclamation by mlamadrid , gretchengehrke , mathew \| June 21, 2016 20:10 21 Jun 20:10 \| #13216 \| #13216 Article by Gretchen Gehrke, Mathew Lippincott and Cheryl Miller for Community Science Forum: Sand-Frac Issue. “Our major concern is, if they just walk away whose shoulders does reclamation fall on? The town, the landowner, or the county?” Reclamation is the process of preparing land for another use after mining activities cease. Prior to granting a permit to operate a mine, the county must approve a “reclamation plan” including land’s post-mining use. Many communities are concerned that typical reclamation plans will leave lands significantly degraded compared to their pre-mining state and unprepared for beneficial uses consistent with local land use plans. Many mines were forested hillsides before mining, and will be flatter land after reclamation. Sustaining plant vitality after reclamation can be difficult, especially if the reclamation plan includes such soil intensive uses as agriculture. During stockpiling of the overburden layers (soil on top of the mined bedrock) soils rapidly degrade, and may take decades to centuries to re-develop1. In the meantime, mines in the process of reclamation can have significant erosion problems, be hosts to invasive species, and promote groundwater seepage at the base of reclaimed piles. This seepage could introduce surface and groundwater quality concerns such as mobilized heavy metals in oxidized and acidified soils. In addition to environmental concerns around sand mine reclamation, communities also face economic concerns. To discuss some economic concerns, Mathew Lippincott spoke with Cheryl Miller, president of Save The Hills Alliance, a nonprofit organization dedicated to protecting the natural environment in western Wisconsin. Mathew and Cheryl’s conversation is transcribed here: Between ¹⁄3 and ½ of all frac sand operations are paused but you’re still concerned2. What issues are still active? Even though they aren’t actively working the mines there are still huge piles of sand and holding ponds. We don’t know if those are being maintained, but the companies seem to only respond to complaints. Our major concern is, if they just walk away whose shoulders does reclamation fall on? The town, the landowner, or the county? We don’t know, and there are legal loopholes that could leave us footing the bill as taxpayers or fighting expensive lawsuits as a town. How did you get involved, and long have you been concerned about the mines? I’ve been involved in opposing frac sand mine expansion since 2005, when the Hoffman Hills mine was proposed to go in across from the site of our future home. We were not yet living there as we hadn’t built the house we were planning, but we received no notification from the town or county that a large mine was proposed. We formed a coalition and successfully opposed the mine. Different members of the coalition were concerned with the neighborhood, the mines’ position next to Hoffman Hills state park, and the mine’s proximity to Muddy Creek. A group called Save Our Hills came out of the effort, and a few years later we joined with other groups to form Save The Hills Alliance. After all that I thought, if I can get on the local board to be town clerk, maybe this wouldn’t happen to other people. Frac sand operators came in with promises of increased revenue for towns and counties, how has that worked out? The boom/bust cycle has brought temporary income that may never cover the cost of having mines. Here in Tainter Township, Fairmount Minerals is over a billion dollars in debt and has laid off 55 employees locally. We have no idea what will happen. We only collect approximately $10,500 in taxes from them each year and aren’t relying on the mine’s income, but many towns have planned around the income from mines. Chippewa Falls has a Tax Increment Financial District supporting downtown improvements based on their real and personal property taxes from EOG. Blair township has payments reserved for their school district, and a lot of counties and townships have a ‘wheel tax’ or production tax of 10-15 cents a ton. When the mines close they won’t get that, and if they planned around these taxes they could be in trouble. You mentioned that you’re concerned about a legal loophole that may let mines escape accountability, can you say more? We are still determining if a legal loophole in NR 135.40 will allow banks to cancel the reclamation bonds when they see an impending bankruptcy.3 While the intent of the law is to allow a company to change bonds, the wording may allow a bank to cancel the bond with 90 days notice, and if the mine doesn’t shut down operations, county officials wouldn’t be able to prove the company had failed to reclaim. There’s no case law on the statute and we could face an expensive lawsuit. How do you plan to keep attention on the mine? What needs to be done? Monitoring these mines is important to keep the pressure on. In Augusta complaints have kept the mining companies watering their piles so dust doesn’t blow off site. We need to get pictures not just to keep the mines honest, but also to bring attention to the fact that even though they aren’t operating, we’re still being affected. (1) See a summary here: (2) December 2015: DNR says 84 open, 40 closed facilities. June 2015: Midwest Energy News lists 58 inactive and 63 active mines. Login to comment.
General Electric's 45/50-Tonner The above scene was captured at the U.S. Gypsum quarry in Alabster, Michigan on 24 May 1967. (R. Craig photo) General Electric's 45-Ton locomotive was designed primarily for industrial users, as such the federal government's "90,000 Pound" law of 1937 had no applicability. The earliest version of the four-axle locomotive was built in 1939 and featured a thin-plate frame and two side-rod trucks; it weighed 43 tons. The following year, the builder standardized on a thicker frame for center-cab switcher construction in the 44-ton to 80-ton range. It should be noted that the 45-ton model was the only GE locomotive to commonly feature side-rod driven trucks which employed only a single traction motor; buyers of later 45-ton versions had the option of internal chain-driven trucks. As the locomotive model evolved during the production, period, a number of subtle changes occurred. Some of the revisions are identified herein later. The number of access ladders and their placement was often a customer preference, thus they are not a reliable spotting feature. Total GE production of the 45-tonner reached slightly less than 350 units; the first of the 360-400 horsepower models appeared late in 1940. During WWII, a large number of 45-tonners were gobbled up by the U.S. Military, including many with "drop-cabs" for low clearance. The 50-tonner can sometimes be more difficult to determine. Early versions of the model employed a narrow metal frame skirt between the trucks. In later years, the frame skirt was lost and a thin bedplate added beneath the hoods and cab footprint. The side-rod trucks were common-place, but not exclusive. Here are a few tips on how to readily identify GE's 45/50-ton industrial switchers. Please note the years of production are arbitrary and provided only as a means of categorizing various models. Pre-WWII Model Wabash #51 St. Thomas, Ontario (3 September 2003) Rabo Sabo photo ACF Industries #Y69 St. Louis, Missouri (9 April 1971) R.R. Wallin photo Spotting Features - 43-Tonner 1. Thin frame deck 2. Headlight mounted above windshields 3. Small lip on cab and and hood roofs 4. Narrow hood with small screened grille 5. Front handle rail extends from sides of hood 6. Square cab windows 7. Side-rod trucks 8. A single ladder each side centered on truck 1. blank 2. blank 3. blank 4. blank 5. blank Spotting Features - Earliest 45-Tonners 1. Thicker frame 2. Shorter cab with slightly rounded cab windows 3. Headlight mounted high on nose 4. Exhaust stack in front of cab 5. Small lip on cab and and hood roofs 6. Radiator shutters instead of screens 7. Handrail entire width of locomotive 8. Side-rod trucks Center Cab (Post 1946) Aurora Elgin & Fox River #5 Elgin, Illinois (20 October 2018) Robby Cragg photo IMC #1 Orrington, Maine (5 October 1970) George Turnbull photo Penn Dixie no-# Petoskey, Michigan (August 1969) P. Dennis Custer Spotting Features 1. Standard frame 2. Headlight relocated above shutters 3. Smooth corners on cab and hoods 4. Exhaust stack in front of cab 5. Small deck with handrail extending entire width 6. Small "deck" (not present on 44-tonners) 7. Side-rod (or chain-drive) trucks Post 1989 Center Cab Lehigh Portland Cement no-# Miami, Florida (19 June 1971) Photographer Unknown Spotting Features 1. Thin raised deck platform 2. Narrower hoods with shutteers 3. four low vents on each side of hood 4. Squarish cab with small windows above hoods 5. Small deck with handrail extending entire width 6. Engine exhaust moved well forward on top of hood 7. Side-rod (or chain-driven) trucks Drop Cab U.S. Air Force Kansas City, Missouri (6 November 1966) Mac Owen photo Spotting Features 1. Closely resembles 44-tonner, but weights 45-tons 2. Dropped cab with no windows above hoods 3. Exhaust stack in front of cab 4. Shutters at front of hoods 5. Standard equalized trucks 6. Handrail supports protrude from hood 7. Air compressor box in front of cab on footboard Southern New York at )neonta, New York (13 May 1967) Raymond Muller photo General Electric #7 at Pittsfield, MA George Turnbull photo St. Lawrence Cement Orrington, Maine (5 October 1970) Matt Herson photo Spotting Features: Pre-1939 50-Tonner 1. Very Boxy appearance 2. Large cab with side windows only 3. Multiple sets of louvers on hood sides and front 4. Open frame-trucks with friction bearings 5. Large headlight mounted on hood 1. blank 2. blank 3. blank 4. blank 5. blank 6. blank 7. blank 8. Spotting Features: Post 1940 50-Tonner 1. Closely resembles a 45-tonner 2. Short frame skirt (2-1/2 tons) between trucks (see GE #7 photo) 3. If no frame skirt, a thin bedplate beneath hoods and cab 4. Side-rod (or Chain-driven) trucks 1. blank 2. blank 3. blank 4. blank 5. blank 6. blank 7. blank Spotting Features 1. Shares the same car-body as the 45-tonner 2. No frame skirt between trucks 3. 1" (approximate) bedplate between frame deck and the Cab and hoods 4. Side-rod trucks, or standard equalized as seen on St. Lawrence Cement Notes and Reference sources: • Critters, Dinkies and Center Cabs by Jay Reed • The Second Diesel Spotters Guide by Jerry A. Pinkepank • Locomotive Encyclopedia (1950-1952) by Simons-Boardman Formatted by: R.Craig New: 1 October 2019 Back to Motive Power Rosters Back to Passenger Lines
By the same token (phrase) definition and synonyms From an Old English verb meaning “to show,” in the broadest sense a token is “something that serves to lớn indicate a fact; a sign or a symbol.” The sign could be miraculous or merely evidence of something: I vì phối my bow in the cloud, & it shall be for a token of a covenant between me and the earth. –Genesis, 9:13, KJV God granted these holy men a gracious token that the famine had lifted The retiring employee received a watch as a token of the company’s appreciation. Bạn đang xem: By the same token (phrase) definition and synonyms As a physical object, a token may be a metal or plastic disk that serves lớn show that money has been paid for transportation or admission (e.g., a bus token). Board games lượt thích Monopoly include tokens used in play. The expression “by the same token” means “for the same reason” or “in the same way.” Here are two correct examples of its use: there was little evidence to lớn substantiate the gossip and, by the same token, there was little to lớn disprove it –example, OxfordDictionaries because his mind is flexible it responds quickly … khổng lồ what is before it, và by the same token it can Gọi up from within a host of appropriate ideas example, Merriam-Webster As is happening to many venerable expressions in this age of limited reading of traditional literature, “by the same token” is being altered by speakers who aren’t quite sure how to use it: However at the same token, this same conversation could apply to couples who go through that process together… In the same token, it cannot disregard basic issues of translation theory. Does my toàn thân include the oxyren I am about to inhale and, on the same token, should I include the air I am about lớn exhale? Not only is the preposition by being incorrectly replaced by at, in or on, the meaning is being lost: I don’t dislike dogs (or other animals), but by the same token, I don’t want them in my house. Here the meaning seems lớn be “on the other h&.” With a documentation date of 1463, “by the same token” has had a good run in English. Could be that the expression–for some speakers at least–has reached retirement age. Xem thêm: Cây Kéo Tiếng Anh ? Kéo Bấm Chỉ Tiếng Anh Là Gì Want khổng lồ improve sầu your English in five sầu minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips và exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Expressions category, kiểm tra our popular posts, or choose a related post below: You will improve your English in only 5 minutes per day, guaranteed! Subscribers get access khổng lồ our archives with 800+ interactive sầu exercises! You"ll also get three bonus ebooks completely free! Try It Free Now 5 Responses to “By the Same Token” Rich Wheeleron April 27, 2014 7:03 am Ouch! Those abuses of the term are painful! I had not thought about the expression. Thank you for this post. Dale A. Woodon April 27, năm trước 11:54 am I agree with Rich:Those abuses of the phrase “by the same token” are painful to see or to hear. “On the other hand” is also abused. In a deliberately humorous case, I have sầu heard of two members of the legislature of an Asian country lượt thích Singapore or Malaysia, both with the surname of “Foote”. Of course, they were in opposing parties. On one contentious issue, one of them said “The Wrong Foote does not know what the Right Foote is doing,” or words lớn that effect. (I read this years ago.) Naturally, the speaker was claiming to be the Right Foote, & he was blaming the other with being the Wrong Foote. You might not have sầu heard of it, but there are people with names like “Sir Peter Foote”.Of course, he adapted his statement from “The left hand does not know what the right hand is doing.” Dale A. Woodon April 27, năm trước 12:24 pm In local area networks (LANs), there is also the “Token Ring network”. In this type of LAN, the different stations are arranged in a logical circle. There is a small electronic message called the TOKEN that can circulate around the ring in one direction only, và messages circulate in that same direction. Only the station in possession of the token is allowed lớn “speak” (transmit), và after it sends one message, it passes the token along khổng lồ the next station. Hence, messages are never allowed khổng lồ “collide” with one another. The “token” here corresponds with the token on a Parcheham mê board or a Monopoly board. The Token Ring network was developed by the IBM corporation decades ago. The token-ring stategy is vastly different from a LAN system like the Ethernet. Ethernet is a popular kind of a “contention” network in which collisions are allowed to lớn occur, but the system is designed so that the probability of collision is supposed to be low. Also, there is a collision-detection and retransmission system in Ethernet. A problem with an Ethernet is that once one becomes overloaded, its performance becomes VERY poor because it has so many retransmissions on it. These lead to lớn a cascade of more & more collisions. An advantage of the Ethernet is that it is generally less costly than a Token Ring network. So, there is a trade-off between cost & performance. The Ethernet traces its origins baông xã to a radio-based digital communication system that was developed at the University of Hawaii. It was one of the first systems khổng lồ send messages in packets. Since it was from Hawaii, naturally this system was named ALOHA. Wow. Some communication engineers from California visited the Univ. of Hawaii, & after they saw ALOHA in action, they went back khổng lồ their laboratories & they decided to adapt the idea of ALOHA lớn a LAN for groups of computers. (ALOHA is a khung of a WAN = wide area network.)I have sầu also seen ALOHA applied to certain kinds of satellite communications networks where it works very well. Thus, you could use ALOHA in the Lower 48 States, or Canadomain authority, to skết thúc messages back & forth khổng lồ Hawaii. ALOHA Hawaii !D.A.W. Xem thêm: (Doc) Nkgg6 Wbpcc Hxwmy 6Dqgj Cpqvg, Nkgg6 Wbpcc Hxwmy 6Dqgj Cpqvg venqaxon April 27, 2014 4:38 pm Uh oh. Now we’re going to get a tsunamày of all the prepositions besides by that might theoretically replace it in the phrase. “Upon the same token” will probably be first. “Concerning the same token” cchiến bại behind. Then someone will point out that “on the same token” is fine, because you could be talking about an actual token, lượt thích a bus token, và there could be something “on” it for a second, or other iterated time (follow here with a long danh mục of things that could be on a token: dust, lint, piece of peanut shell, piece of a different peanut shell, piece of actual peanut related or not related khổng lồ aforementioned shells…). So you could say, “there is something on the same token as there was before.” Which still would still initiate puzzlement, but you get the picture. Or, the if the foreign object were nearby, rather than on, “at the same token…” is accurate. If The Token were the name of a ship! Then one could be “aboard the same Token” as someone else. You have sầu khổng lồ be thorough about these things, FGS! Now, what were you saying about meaning being lost? venqaxon April 28, 2014 7:37 pm “…you could use ALOHA in the Lower 48 States, or Canadomain authority, lớn skết thúc messages bachồng và forth khổng lồ Hawaii. In Hawaiian aloha means hello & goodbye so the fact you could skết thúc messages both lớn AND from Hawaii is probably why they called it that. …& in Hawaiian aloha means means both “serious” và “silly and ridiculous”. Hawaiian is an very aloha language. Chuyên mục: Hỏi đáp
Eating Healthy Foods: What Are Low Glycemic Foods? • By admin • February 15, 2020 • 0 Eating Healthy Foods: What Are Low Glycemic Foods? what are Low Glycemic Food ? Healthy Glycemic Food : Low glycemic Food are those that seem on the Glycemic Index with a worth of 55 or below, the one consuming these meals over the long-term will help shield us from life threatening illnesses such has diabetes, coronary heart illness, weight problems and even most cancers. the impact of various meals on individuals blood sugar ranges. arrange a desk to rank varied meals to gauge how shortly sure carbohydrates break down into glucose and improve the blood sugar stage. What is Low GI Meals ? Low GI meals usually type an essential part of many fashionable diets to assist with weight reduction. It is because they do a variety of issues: 1. They make you are feeling extra happy after consuming them. In different phrases. Which suggests you are likely to eat much less meals and you aren’t on the lookout for snacks 2. They assist management the quantity of insulin you physique produces. 3. They assist to guarantee that insulin features effectively. Excessive GI meals don’t offer you that very same feeling of satisfaction. The rationale for that is they trigger your blood sugar stage to spike which triggers the discharge of insulin to manage the extent of blood sugar. Role of Insulin : It does carry down the blood sugar however within the course of it stimulates your urge for food. Along with that, insulin is a storage hormone that shops fats across the stomach. You need to manage the quantity of insulin your physique produces as a result of if is regularly known as on to cope. the physique can develop insulin resistance, which implies the blood sugar isn’t managed accurately. This may result in diabetes, trigger irritation within the physique and, amongst different issues, weaken the immune system, leaving your physique open to an infection and illness. Maintaining healthy diet which has low GI helps manage weight and has a optimistic impact on our well being. This impacts our well-being and longevity, which is what being wholesome is all about. Leave a Reply
Coronavirus Pets To Human Coronavirus: Pets unlikely pass the infection to their owners, experts stress The experts largely welcomed the research, however, some stressed it was carried out in a laboratory. A small number of pets worldwide, including cats and dogs, have been reported external icon to be infected with the virus that causes COVID-19, mostly after close contact with people with COVID-19.; Based on the limited information available to date, the risk of animals spreading COVID-19 to people is considered to be low. KFOG Radio is Dead! (With images) Radio station, Radio, Dead Coronavirus pets to human. The CDC's latest recommendation for pets is that you treat them like you would humans when it comes to protecting against coronavirus — making sure they avoid contact with people and animals. Can Pets Contract the Coronavirus? For now, pets are thought to be safe when it comes to COVID-19, specifically. "There are several types of coronaviruses on Earth, each which prefers a specific. In kitten, coronavirus disease can lead to death about 5 to 10% of the time. ARE PETS IN DANGER OF CONTRACTING CORONAVIRUS DISEASE? Your pet is not in danger of getting the COVID-19 virus. He or she may be able to catch CCoV if exposed to it, but it is not the same as the COVID-19 virus that currently has the world on alert. You should restrict contact with pets and other animals while you are sick with COVID-19, just like you would around other people. Although there have not been reports of pets becoming sick with COVID-19 in the United States, it is still recommended that people sick with COVID-19 limit contact with animals until more information is known about the new coronavirus. Humans can possibly spread coronavirus to their pets, the US Food and Drug Administration warned in a new video. The FDA doled out advice on how pet owners can keep their fur babies safe during. The organization advises pet owners infected or susceptible of being infected with the coronavirus to avoid close contact with their pets and have another member of the household care for the animals. Q: Can we pass the new coronavirus to our pets? A: SARS-CoV-2 spreads from humans to humans.There is no research to support human to animal spread at this time. Samples from the Hong Kong dog had. Coronavirus in dogs and cats. According to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, a few pets — including cats and dogs — also have been infected with the virus that causes COVID-19.This happened mostly after the animals were in close contact with people infected with the COVID-19 virus.. Based on the limited available information, the risk of animals spreading the COVID-19. There's still a lot we don't know about transmission of SARS-CoV-2, but the most important point to reiterate: There is a lack of evidence the coronavirus is spread by pets and companion animals. For information on how to protect pets from possible infection with SARS-CoV-2, see If You Have Pets. Animals that can be infected with the virus that causes COVID-19 We know that cats, dogs, and a few other types of animals can be infected with SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, but we don’t yet know all of the animals that can get. They're your furry best friend and a fixture of your home — but could your beloved cat or dog give you coronavirus? The newest additions are at the top of the page and reflect recent data related to mink-human transmission of the coronavirus. Can people transmit SARS CoV-2 to animals? Yes. Although this occurrence is rare, it is possible for people to infect animals, including their pets, with SARS CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19. Here is what we know. Yet despite these cases—and a third dog that tested positive for coronavirus in Hong Kong earlier this month—the number of pets diagnosed with COVID-19 pales in comparison with the human total. Coronavirus: 'Pets no risk to owners' vets stress. By Victoria Gill Science correspondent,. "There isn't a single case of a pet dog or cat infecting a human with Covid-19," Dr Angel Almendros. Coronavirus and pets: Everything you need to know. Indeed, there is some preliminary evidence that a transmission of coronavirus from sick human to animal companion may have already occurred. A family dog in North Carolina has tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 — the virus that causes COVID-19 in humans — and is believed to be the first dog in the U.S. with a confirmed case of the. However, the tendency for coronaviruses to jump species is an ongoing occurrence and it is possible that a coronavirus from a common pet species such as a cat or dog may enter humans and cause disease sometime in the future. However, if it should ever humanize, it will no longer be a cat or dog virus, but rather a new human virus. There’s no evidence that pets can spread COVID-19 to people or that they might be a source of infection. Can My Pet Get Tested for Coronavirus? If your pet is sick, your veterinarian will check. A cat is examined the San Diego Humane Society clinic on April 21, 2020. Two cats in New York have become the first pets in the U.S. to test positive for the new coronavirus, but veterinarians. Etymology. The name "coronavirus" is derived from Latin corona, meaning "crown" or "wreath", itself a borrowing from Greek κορώνη korṓnē, "garland, wreath". The name was coined by June Almeida and David Tyrrell who first observed and studied human coronaviruses. The word was first used in print in 1968 by an informal group of virologists in the journal Nature to designate the new. There's no evidence that pets are playing a role in spreading COVID-19. There are a few reports of pets being infected with the virus that causes COVID-19 after being in contact with people who were positive for COVID-19. “Canine” and “feline” coronavirus are NOT the same as COVID-19. Your cat, for a short amount of time, could pass virus particles to any human who subsequently pets them.” In this scenario, your cat was a passive carrier for coronavirus infection, he says. Doctor, Your Patient Is Waiting. It’s a Red Panda ashes urns for holding the cremated remains of deceased in 2020 Pin on Disinfectants 2020 Giving Tuesday Challenge in 2020 Dogs, Pet parent ปักพินโดย iLsllll silslle ใน แม่รักหนูนะลูก The controversial reason Poland is planning a mass California Condor Grand Canyon North California condor InfographicalMe The latest Visual Data Infographics Many animal shelters are feeling the pressure, with fewer A New Way To Calculate Your Dog's Age Dog ages, Dogs Mountain goats of Great Orme hit Llandudno in pictures Paddling with mummy on Swanage beach. Watercolour by Pin on Hantavirus 12.97 at HEB Heb, Heb, Kitchen aid With humans in lockdown, animals flourish Animals, Earth Deformierter Kaktus, Baja California, Mexico Cactus Pin on Covid19
Social networking effects on society The ice bucket challenge fundraising campaign for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (als) went viral on social media, raising $100.9 million in donations in one month alone here are some of social networking effects on society the positive effects of english essay checker social media on tweens: methods. 200 word essay meme personal essay opening paragraph. i sat when was white fang written across from the third interviewee of the day. however, this type of technology might be doing more harm than good. this is down to the pure reach of social media and its capabilities to be seen by millions of people in a matter of minutes these factors have caused social networks to evolve from being a handy means for keeping in touch with social networking effects on society friends and family to being used in ways that have a real impact social networking effects on society on society. with the growing popularity of a good man is hard to find essay questions the internet, the effects of social media cannot be denied. it allows them to social networking effects on society spread social awareness and kindness. impact of social different types of essay formats media on book titles in mla essays our society hamza butt mehboob khan 2. cow ka essay in urdu the social impact of covid-19 6 april 2020. [&hellip. as more people start to use social media platforms; research paper sample format snapchat, facebook, instagram, twitter, etc. 1. another positive impact of social networking business plan of amway sites is to unite people on a huge platform for the achievement of writing to inform examples some specific objective. heavy akwaeke emezi essay technology usage often leads to addiction, especially in teens and young sequence essay example adults. your ged language arts essay feedback is important. Leave a Reply
Joan of Arc In 1431, Joan of Arc was found guilty of which crime? And the answer: heresy. During the Hundred Years' War, 18 year old Joan of Arc believed she was acting under divine guidance, when she led the French army to victory over England. She was ultimately captured by the English, found guilty of heresy, and burned at the stake. In 1920, she was canonized as a Roman Catholic saint. Joan of Arc began her life as a French peasant. Caught between English occupation and the French crown, young Joan began to claim that voices of patron-saints were encouraging her on a mission to reclaim the kingdom. At 16, Joan made her way to Vaucouleurs, a nearby stronghold of those loyal to King Charles. Rejected on the grounds of her youth and womanhood, clever Joan didn’t take no for an answer. After chopping her hair and disguising herself as a man, Joan convinced Charles that the Siege of Orleans would be a success. The King granted her request (much to the chagrin of his confidants), and the young warrior led French forces to victory. Interestingly, Joan never actually participated in the warfare that led her country to freedom. As an inspiration and mascot for the front, her sage advice and ideas were the source of her success, and later canonization. However, she wasn’t always revered -- in fact, she was commonly despised. In the 1400s, no woman had known such military success and power over royal opinion, much less a peasant of 18. Such mystery infuriated her opponents, and her bravery was ultimately compensated with an unjust and fiery end. To learn more about this Saint, check out the video below. Question of the Day Mobile App The Voyager Golden Records Goats Goats Goats! You've successfully subscribed to Question of the Day Welcome back! You've successfully signed in.
What do a Black Mamba, Chicken Eggs and Covid-19 have to do with Calf Diarrhea? The Roman Empire was built upon the success of its legions, and Roman medicine similarly had its foundations in the innovations and discoveries of the battlefield: “Yolks of eggs.... are taken for dysentery with the ash of their shells, poppy juice and wine.” In the early day’s farmers would feed an egg in the milk for calves with scours. The chickens roamed the farm looking for food and at the same time were exposed to various pathogens. Once the chickens were exposed to a pathogen, they naturally produce an antibody to fight that disease. Individual chickens vary in their ability to produce antibodies. Antibodies are normally produced by the body’s immune response system to fight disease. Eggs contain peptides called IgY, which are directed at specific pathogens affecting your newborn calves. There are also IgA, IgM and binding proteins in the Albumin (egg whites). There is certainly some good nutrients in eggs, one egg has only 75 calories but 7 grams of high-quality protein, 5 grams of fat, and 1.6 grams of saturated fat, along with iron, vitamins, minerals, and carotenoids. The egg is used for calf scours as a powerhouse of disease-fighting peptides (IgY). Snake antivenom is currently produced using horses. Anti-venom produced in horses sometimes has other proteins that can cause allergic reactions, kidney failure and serum sickness in some people. A newly developed technique, 12-week-old birds injected with sub-lethal doses of venom followed by a booster dose after 2-3 weeks started to lay eggs with anti-venom antibodies concentrated in the yolk. This newly developed process is also an improvement in the quantity of anti-venom produced - antibodies produced by 1 liter of horse blood could be obtained from just 50 chicken eggs. With modern technical innovations in immunology, we are now able to produce individual antibodies at given titer levels for many of the major intestinal pathogens across all species. If one looks at the ingredient list of any Calf Product, it is shown as “Dried Egg”. Science has shown egg to be very effective against various pathogens, however it is dose responsive. There is a human product containing egg now available called DiaResQ and recently Ig Nova, who researches technology based on specific egg immunoglobulins (IgY), filed for a patent for IgY against Covid-19. Leave a comment Please note, comments must be approved before they are published
Stricken with rare condition, 5-month-old 'Sweet Baby Zane' dies Baby Zane It never dawned on us, as we got closer to the forest, why we kept seeing an endless procession of logging trucks filled with logs passing us the other way. Well, when we got there we saw a huge moonscape of barren hills and valleys covered with a three-day-old beard of tree stumps. The soil was parched from the sun and bird songs were replaced by machine and saw noise. In complete shock we sought the nearest forest ranger to report this horrible atrocity. To our dismay, the U.S. Forest Service representative said it was a legal timber harvest. Given that these trees belong to all Americans, I asked him who gave them permission to destroy our wilderness. I soon learned that the Forest Service's Smokey the Bear forest guardian image is totally bogus -- they are timber beasts. They have built over 380,000 roads at taxpayer expense at a cost of a billion dollars a year just so timber companies can get to the trees. Soil erosion from these clear-cuts contaminates drinking water for millions of people, and clear-cuts cause mudslides that destroy wildlife habitat. The Forest Service is destroying pristine wilderness areas. The most mind-boggling thing of all is, recreation in our national forests generates 38 times more income and supports 31 times more jobs than does logging trees and those trees only contribute 3.3 percent to a lumber supply that is mostly shipped to Europe and Japan. When Teddy Roosevelt established our national forests he did it to keep places wild for animals to roam and survive. He did it so there will always be a place where Americans can go to see real wilderness, but not to become tree farms for industry. This is an outrage and must be stopped. Mark Zawadzki East Whiteland comments powered by Disqus
These 6 pests and diseases could potentially enter the UK on imported Christmas trees Every year, £3 million worth of Christmas trees are cut from Europe. Christmas Tree Lot Jelena990Getty Images Six new pests and diseases could be finding their way into the UK on imported Christmas trees, a new report by Grown in Britain has revealed. With the countdown to Christmas nearing, new fears have risen over non-native pine trees carrying 'hitchhiker' tree pests which are currently absent from the UK. Every year, around £3 million worth of Christmas trees are cut from Europe and Scandinavia to be sold here in the UK. In new research, it is believed that many of the trees purchased for UK homes could potentially harbour foreign diseases — some of which are even dangerous to humans and pets. 'Christmas trees provide ideal conditions for pests to hitch a ride,' Dougal Driver, Grown in Britain Chief Executive explains. 'The trees are usually netted, which means the branches don’t dry out, and pests can remain hidden in the tightly bound branches. 'With climate change, the risks are also rising, as pests which are native to warmer parts of Southern Europe are increasingly likely to be able to survive in Northern Europe and the UK.' With the threat from imported Christmas trees increasing, there is a possibility Christmas trees will be required to have plant passports in the future. While there is currently no controls on the import of cut Christmas trees from the EU below 3m, one way to prevent the diseases is by purchasing local trees grown in the UK. When choosing your tree, ensure it is labelled as 'UK grown' to reduce the risk of these pests making their way into the country. 6 significant threats from imported Christmas trees * These pests are considered absent from the UK but found in mainland Europe 1. Siberian fir woolly aphid (insect) Puripatch LokakalinGetty Images These small sap-sucking insects are commonly found in Finland, Lithuania, Norway, Poland, Romania, Russia, Sweden and Ukraine. They wrap themselves in a wool-like covering as a form of protection and disguise. Even small infestations of the insect can damage and weaken even the most strongest of plants. 2. Pine processionary moth (insect) dennisvdwGetty Images The pine processionary moth feeds on the needles of pine trees and, when in large numbers, they can severely defoliate trees. Commonly, they are found throughout continental Europe including Denmark, Belgium, France, Germany and Spain, but could enter the UK through imported Christmas trees. The oak processionary moth is also a hazard to human and animal health as the hairs of the caterpillar can cause painful skin, eye and throat irritations. 3. Blight of pine/brown needle blight of pine (fungus) Sergei PivovarovGetty Images Often known as the red band needle blight because of the colourful symptoms it shows on pine, this fungus can cause needle defoliation, and in severe cases, result in tree death. You will notice the fungus as the needles will turn a brown colour and eventually fall off. These are often found in countries such as Switzerland, France, Georgia, Germany and Hungary. 4. Sirococcus piceicola Affected branches can be noticed as they will display cankers (dead sections on trees). Plus, resin bleeding from the bark may also accompany these symptoms in some cases. Most often, this fungus is only found in Switzerland. 5. Fusarium circinatum Fusarium circinatum causes serious disease patches on pine trees (commonly used for Christmas trees). The infection is usually carried from tree-to-tree by the rain, wind or bark-feeding insects. Warmth and moisture can also encourage the development of the disease. makasanaGetty Images 6. Omnivorous leafroller moth The adult omnivorous leafroller moth is bell-shaped with blackish grey mouthparts and a rusty brown body colour. Some symptoms of the moth include seedlings wilting and dying, as well as exuding resin from the root collar areas. 6 pests already present in the UK Although already present in the UK, these additional pests and fungal diseases could spread further by imported Christmas trees. These are... • Pine lappet moth • Red band needle blight • Stem canker • Balsam fir aphid • Balsam fir canker • Phacidiopycnis washingtonensis ligonographyGetty Images Risks to potted Christmas trees Additionally, there are a number of soil or root dwelling pests that have been identified as at risk of spreading to the UK from imported potted Christmas trees. Three of the nematode pests which often affect Christmas tree species include... • Stubby-root nematode • Scutellonema brachyurus • Common spiral nematode All of these pests have a wide range of other major hosts, including fruit trees, vegetables, garden plants, fruits and cereal crops. If they do spread into the UK, they could potentially reach further than just potted Christmas trees. ChiccoDodiFCGetty Images What next? To help spot new risks and take action to stop diseases before they arrive, Grown in Britain has developed a Christmas tree certification scheme, which currently covers around 100,000 trees. It provides an assurance that the trees are grown in the UK and have undergone regular biosecurity checks. Plus, buying a British grown tree also positively impacts the environment due to the reduced miles it will have travelled. SIGN UP Advertisement - Continue Reading Below More From Plants
Fighter Jet Paper Airplane Introduction: Fighter Jet Paper Airplane -This paper airplane is a great project for people with extra time in-between classes or even if you are bored at home. This specific paper airplane is awesome because it looks like a fighter jet and it actually flys great too. -While making these folds for this project, make sure that you are makeing them as symmetric as possible. Also, it will help if you use your nail to further flatten your folds. These two things will ensure a good flying paper airplane. -8.5" X 11" paper (printer paper preferred) -Printer paper is recommended over regular notebook paper because printer paper is more durable and not as thin. Also, carpenter paper would probably be too heavy and the plane would not fly as good. Step 1: Main Center Fold -Fold the sheet perfectly in half horizontally. -Make sure you do not fold vertically, otherwise your airplane will look a little small. -This fold is just a reference line so you can line up the next fold, and to ensure perfect symmetry. Step 2: Main Nose Fold's -Fold the two corners inward so that they meet perfectly with where your main center fold line is. -Again fold the two corners of your recently folded sides to the main center line. -You should end up with a pointy nose. Step 3: Nose Fold (part 2) -Fold the nose all the way down horizontally to the very edge of the paper. -Then fold it at the main center line to create the two sides of the plane. Step 4: Nose Fold (part 3) -Fold top left and right corners of the nose towards the center line, making it parallel with that line. -Make sure you don’t fold it all the way down to the center line though. -lay out flat so you can see the pointy nose piece again. Step 5: Final Nose Fold -Fold the pointy nose piece upwards, so that it lays over the two folds in the previous step. -Make sure the folds in he previous step do not move and stay where they are. -Flip over and fold on the main center line. Step 6: Wings -Fold the one piece downwards toward the centerline creating a place to hold the airplane when you throw it. -Repeat on the other side. Step 7: -Create fins by folding the ends of the wings toward the center line. -Make sure these fins aren’t over an inch. -If they do exceed over an inch, the plane will not fly very good. Step 8: Try It Out -Pinch onto the main center line and unfold the wings to make them perpendicular. -Warm up your arm, and give it a good throw. (If it is not flying right, you might have to re-fold to make sure everything is symmetric.) Be the First to Share • Furniture Contest Furniture Contest • Explore Science Challenge Explore Science Challenge • Barbecue Speed Challenge Barbecue Speed Challenge 1 year ago Thanks for sharing your fold!
House Bill 69 – Supporting NC’s Education on the Holocaust and Genocide Bill These words were delivered by Rabbi Judy Schindler to the North Carolina House Education K-12 Standing Committee on March 23, 2021. In the five years since our inception, the Stan Greenspon Center for Peace and Social Justice at Queens University of Charlotte has educated hundreds of teachers and thousands of students using the Holocaust as lens on human behavior. We see firsthand the transformative power of Holocaust education to interrupt hate and create a safer community. When an incident of bigotry happens in a regional school, we’re often called in to create an educational response. House Bill 69 enables our state to be proactive rather than reactive when it comes to fighting bigotry and prejudice. Holocaust education is mandated in 16 states. North Carolina can be the seventeenth. Why does it matter? Holocaust survivors are aging and dying. With them, are dying their testimonies to the horrors that happen when hate goes unchecked. Why does it matter? In 2019, US incidents of antisemitism were at an all-time high as were hate crimes – anti-Jewish, anti-Hispanic, anti-LGBTQ+., anti-Black, anti-Asian. Holocaust education equips students with critical thinking skills and with the aptitude to stand up against all forms of hate. Why does it matter? The Holocaust killed my family. I’m named for my grandfather’s sister Judy Schindler who was murdered by the Nazis at the age of 32. She was shot alongside her husband who was 34 and their five children ranging in ages from ten to two. Why does it matter? A 2018 Claims Conference study found that nearly one in ten millennials have not heard of the Holocaust, 66% of millennials do not know what Auschwitz is, and 58% of all those surveyed believe the Holocaust could happen again. Understanding the history and political systems that allowed the state sponsored genocide of Jews along with murders of Roma, Sinti, homosexuals, the disabled, and all those deemed as “other” creates a safer society. With this bill and adequate funding to support effective pedagogy, the values of responsible citizenship, protecting human rights, the fragility of democracy, and embracing the universal messages that protect every minority can successfully be taught thus creating a safer future for all North Carolinians. No Comments Write a comment No Comments Leave a Reply
Essay on Tsl Summary Submitted By papa611 Words: 4961 Pages: 20 The Scarlet Letter: Book Summary Chapter 1: A crowd of dull, lifeless-looking people has gathered outside the door of a prison in seventeenth-century Boston. The building’s heavy oak door is covered with iron spikes, and the prison appears to have been built to hold criminals. No matter how hopeful the founders of new colonies may be, the narrator tells us, they consistently provide for a prison and a cemetery almost immediately. The one optimistic element in the otherwise dreary scene is the rosebush that grows next to the prison door. The narrator hints that it offers a reminder of nature’s kindness to the convicted; for his tale, he says, it will provide either a “sweet moral blossom” or else some relief in the face of merciless sadness and despair. Chapter 2: As the crowd watches, Hester Prynne, a young woman holding an infant, appears from the prison door and makes her way to a raised platform, where she is about to be publicly condemned. The women in the crowd make critical comments about Hester; they particularly criticize her for the style of the embroidered badge on her chest—a letter “A” stitched in gold and scarlet. From the women’s conversation and Hester’s recollections as she walks through the crowd, we can assume that she has committed adultery and has given birth to an illegitimate child, and that the “A” on her dress stands for “Adulterer.” The beadle calls Hester forward. Scenes from Hester’s early life flash through her mind: she sees her parents standing in front of their home in England, then she sees a “misshapen” or twisted, scholar, much older than herself, that she married and followed to Europe. But now the present overcomes her, and she unconsciously squeezes the baby in her arms, causing it to cry. Chapter 3: In the crowd that surrounds the scaffold, Hester spots her husband, who sent her to America but never fulfilled his promise to follow her. Though he is dressed in a combination of traditional European clothing and Native American clothes, she recognizes him by his slightly deformed shoulders. Hester’s husband (who in the next chapters calls himself Roger Chillingworth) gestures to Hester that she should not reveal his identity. He then turns to a stranger in the crowd and asks about Hester’s crime and punishment, explaining that he has been held captive by Native Americans and has just arrived in Boston. The stranger tells him that Hester is the wife of an educated Englishman and was living with him in Amsterdam when he decided to immigrate to America. The man sent Hester to America and stayed behind for business, but he never joined Hester in Boston. Chillingworth says that Hester’s husband must have been thoughtless to think he could keep a young wife happy, and he asks the stranger about the identity of the baby’s father. The stranger tells him that Hester refuses to reveal her fellow sinner. As punishment, she has been sentenced to three hours on the scaffold and a lifetime of wearing the scarlet letter on her chest. The narrator then introduces us to the town fathers who are in judgment of Hester Prynne: Governor Bellingham, Reverend Wilson, and Reverend Dimmesdale. Dimmesdale, a young minister who is famous for his articulate speaking, religious passion, and theological expertise, is told to demand that Hester say the name of her child’s father. He tells her that she should not protect the man’s identity out of pity, but when she repeatedly refuses he does not press her further. Reverend Wilson then steps in and delivers a disapproving sermon on sin, frequently referring to Hester’s scarlet letter, which seems to the crowd to glow and burn. Hester bears the sermon patiently, hushing Pearl when she begins to scream. At the conclusion of the sermon, Hester is brought back to the prison Chapter 4: Hester and her husband come face to face when he is called to her prison cell for medical reasons. Chillingworth has promised the warden that he can make Hester more “amenable to just
What’s in a Home? What does your home hold? Have you ever stopped to think all that your home says about you? Play this game in your head: Pretend that you were at a picnic, playing a ball game, and got hit in the head. It wasn’t a bad accident, but it did knock you out for a few minutes. When you woke up, you could not remember who you were, or anything about your life. The doctor said it was temporary amnesia, and asked one of your friends to take you home, but not tell you that it is your home, to see if being in a familiar place would help stir up your memories. Now imagine your friend just pulled into your driveway, or parked on the street in front of your house. What is your impression of this home? See how you would answer these questions: • How many people live in this home? • How old are the people in this home? • Are the people who live here happy, or depressed? • Are the people who live here doing well financially? • Do these people care about their neighbors? • Do they get along with their neighbors? Write down your answers, if you wish, then sit down and see how your perceptions match the reality of your life. Then ponder the following questions: • What things that you would conclude about yourself and your family from looking at your entrance are true and make you proud? • What things that you would conclude about yourself and your family from looking at your entrance are true, but you would prefer it if they weren’t? • What things that you would conclude about yourself and your family from looking at your entrance are false? • How could you make your home tell a more accurate story about yourself and your loved ones? AND more importantly: What changes could you make in your home that would encourage you to be a better person? So much may be inferred about your life just by looking at the outside of your home, which represents how you present yourself to the public. Imagine how much more can be known about you by looking at the inside of your home. Every piece of furniture, every ornament, every frame hanging from your walls has a story: the story of how you got it, how you decided to put it where it is, and all about your life that it has witnessed. These stories connect with the stories you have lived in other homes: the homes you liven in when you were a child, your first home when you left your parents’ or guardians’ home, the first home you shared with someone you loved… For the next 12 days I will take you into an emotional journey, a Feng Shui Journey for your soul, where we will talk about the most important items in a home, and what they represent in your life. 1. What’s in a sofa? 2. What’s in a desk? 3. What’s in a bed? 4. What’s in a souvenir? 5. What’s in a hallway? 6. What’s in a stove? 7. What’s in a dining table? 8. What’s in a dresser? 9. What’s in a mirror? 10. What’s in a door? 11. What’s in a mailbox? 12. What’s in your soul? If you haven’t joined this course yet, you can do it by clicking on this link. To make the most out of this journey, ask to be added to the Facebook Group: Feng Shui Journeys Leave a Reply
top 10 strongest metals earth top 10 strongest metals earth Today, in almost every field, metal is a compulsory material. The metals are used in various industries like electronics, medicine, building construction, jewelry and clothing, machinery and automobiles, farming, cooking, furniture, security systems and more. What are Metals? Metals are opaque, lustrous elements that are good conductors of heat and electricity. Thy are strong but malleable, which means that they can be easily bent or shaped. Strength of a metal is examined by several properties such as: • Tensile strength: How well a metal resists being pulled apart. • Comprehensive Strength: How well a material resists being squeezed together. • Yield Strength: How well a rod or beam of a particular metal resists bending and permanent deformation. • Impact Strength: Ability to resist impact without shattering. None of the metals are as hard as a diamond or as tough as graphene, but these carbon lattice structures are not metals. In our watching the world category, we’ve published articles about the highest mountains in the world, most dangerous snakes in the world and more. In this info-graphic by Vikingsteelstructures you’ll find the top 10 strongest metals on earth, listed in descending order. Top 10 Strongest Metals on Earth #infographic Did you find this post to be informative? Do share your comments below and give this post a like and share. Please enter your comment! Please enter your name here
Over the years, articles about anxiety, depression and factors related to mental state have been featured on the Internet. Those are the things we always fear when it comes to. They fear that if they discuss it, their faults, weaknesses or difficulties will be exposed. But things are different, now with more openness and honesty, people see more and more positively about their mental state and the problems they may be facing. You may be skeptical about many things, but exactly what is mental health? Have you ever heard of phenomena like anxiety and depression and you see something like negative stressful effects happening on your body? But you don't know their levels and why minding your well-being is an essential part of a happy, healthy, and fulfilling life. That's why you need an authentic answer. The following answers will help you to solve everything. What is mental health? Mental health refers to emotional, psychological and social well-being. A simple approach to understanding is the following: Our mental health affects the way we think and feel and how we act in certain situations. When people think about mental health, they often think of situations that someone might experience such as bipolar disorder, anxiety, or loneliness. But just because you're in good mental health doesn't mean you live without a diagnosis. It also means that you can solve life's everyday problems with ease. One of the most comprehensive and influential definitions from the World Health Organization (WHO): Mental health is defined as a state of happiness in which each individual realizes his or her own potential, possibly cope with the normal stresses of life, be able to work productively, and be able to contribute to the community. It is very important to care about mental health, now it is more necessary than ever. You should learn more and be careful with all the information on the internet. You should refer to some trusted blog on health, find more information and knowledge, or even create a blog by yourself like this: http://willtiptop.com/ According to a 2018 survey conducted by the American Psychological Association (APA), Generation Z is made up of young people and adults born in the mid-1990s and mid-2000s. like all have poor mental health. Approximately 27% of Generation Z people are reported to be in balanced or poor mental health, compared with 15% among Y generation (those born between 1980 and 2000, 13% of X generation (1965-1980), 7% of the Baby boomer generation (1946-1964) and 5% of the older population. While these numbers may fluctuate, research suggests, these can be seen as a good signal. The generation that is struggling the most is Generation Z, most likely to seek professional help for their mental health problems. Why does our Mental Health matter? The effects of unstable health status and diseases such as cancer, high blood pressure and diabetes have a direct impact on people's health. We do everything we can to improve our unhealthy health, such as eating well, exercising, taking medicine and seeing a doctor. But unfortunately, many of us let our mental health decline somehow. We don't think it's as important as our physical health. But the truth is it's not only important, it's also more important than physical health. Try the following example. You have pre-diabetes. You do everything you can to prevent it from becoming diabetic by exercising and eating in moderation. In the end you can lower your blood sugar to an acceptable level so that you no longer have pre-diabetes. Let's say that you are also unbelievably pressured by work, you work 60 hours a week, devoting little time to social activities or personal hobbies. You might think, it's just a busy time in my life. Then eventually the tension will dissipate. But you may be underestimating the effects of stress on your body. After all, poorly controlled stress can lead to a lot of consequences, from migraines, overeating, fatigue and upset stomach to alcohol abuse, irritability and irritability. depression - without mentioning diabetes. This example should necessarily prove to the point of how caring for our mental health is just as essential as taking care of our physical health. Our mental health affects our daily state of health, and managing it can lead to an owner of the medical problems involved. Here we suggest one of the Best Coupon Site https://www.couponxoo.com/ which features many online stores providing various food coupon codes. Your mental health affects every aspect of your life, from a performance at work to relationships with loved ones in your life, everyone in your family, and your friends. It also has an effect on your ability to sleep as well as tangible things like your likelihood of taking risks, boosting your own mental abilities and emotional levels of gratitude, happiness, and excitement. You may not know if you are experiencing mental health symptoms and still live every day without even realizing that you are struggling with it. Here are some cues you might be struggling with, according to research by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services: Eating too much or too little Sleeping too much or too little Lack of energy Emotional fluctuations · Fight with those you love Feeling confused, forgetful, irritable, angry or upset When people think about mental health, they may think of disorders like bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. Although these conditions are very serious that require treatment, they are almost entirely out of the realm of mental health. Bipolar disorder affects only about 2.6% of Americans and schizophrenia affects only 1%, while depression-related destabilization accounts for 10% and anxiety disorders are close to 20%. Because anxiety and depression in the United States is so common, it is so important to educate about their signs and symptoms. Below we have outlined the mental health states that people often encounter today. Stinging of restlessness or anxiety is common. After all, anxiety as a necessary part of life, thousands of years ago, our ancestors saw anxiety as a way to eliminate threats. If you are fidgeting before giving a job presentation or running across the street for the first time, you may be experiencing a normal level of anxiety and have nothing to worry about. If your anxiety is present and active, however it can be difficult to resolve it. The National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) recommends guidelines for determining when anxiety becomes difficult to deal with as follows: For a person with an anxiety disorder, anxiety not only disappears but also disappears. gets worse over time. These symptoms can affect everyday activities such as performance at work, school work and relationships. The various conditions affected include excessive anxiety disorder (GAD), fear syndrome and muscle panic. They affect nearly one in five adults in America. Anxiety is one of the more common anxiety conditions, affecting less than 3% of adults (more common in women than in men). According to the National Institute of Mental Health, if you have been excessively anxious or anxious for more than 6 months, you may have a general anxiety disorder problem if you feel like you are prone to anger. trouble concentrating or find it difficult to have a deep sleep. Usually, the level of the emotions we feel embraces it all. Depends on what happens in our lives. We can feel excited and enjoy the day, but then we can feel sad or angry right away. Feelings like sadness, anger, and fear are common in life. But when these emotions become overwhelming and difficult to control, they can be a sign of clinical depression or another depressive disorder. Clinical depression is defined as the following few symptoms, which usually occur for days (most days) for at least two weeks, according to NIMH: persistent sadness or a feeling of emptiness, loss of hope, irritability, guilt, fatigue, weight loss or weight gain, changes in appetite, and loss of interest in hobbies or anything you have been interested in. Other mental states In addition to anxiety and depression, along with their states, there are other types of psychological illnesses. People can also be afflicted with individual disorders like boundary and narcissistic personality disorders, eating disorders such as anorexia and bulimia, and neurological disorders such as schizophrenia. paralysis, post-traumatic stress disorder and substance abuse. Author's Bio: Jackie Keibler A writer at Couponupto.com, He care about the health and beauty aspect very much and want to share more unique views on this field. Best Product
Like us on Facebook Follow us on Instagram Why is there a groove in swords? It’s NOT a blood groove – the video explains better Nick Knight We can blame Hollywood for this but many of us think swords were a stabbing weapon. As a rule, they were a slashing and battering weapon to knock your opponent down onto the floor. Once there, you can then do to him what you want. We all know the groove along a sword blade is to help with the running through of our opponent, right? Wrong! So many misconceptions about the groove in a sword So many misconceptions about the groove in a sword A fuller is a rounded or beveled groove or slot in the flat side of a blade (e.g. a sword, knife, or bayonet) that are made using a blacksmithing tool of the same name (fuller). These grooves are often called “blood grooves” or “blood gutters” as well as fullers, although their purpose has nothing to do with blood. A fuller is often used to lighten the blade, much the way that the shape of an I-beam allows a given amount of strength to be achieved with less material. When combined with proper distal tapers, heat treatment and blade tempering, a fullered blade can be 20% to 35% lighter than a non-fullered blade without any sacrifice of strength or blade integrity. Rama CC BY-SA 2.0 fr This effect lessens as the blade is reduced in length. A blade is said to be “fullered” after introduction of the groove. The term “fuller” is from the Old English fuliere, meaning “one who fulls (pleats) cloth.” It is derived from the Latin word fullo. The first recorded use of the term as a blacksmithing tool is from 1864, according to Webster’s Dictionary. The term used in historical Europe is largely unknown, and due to the constantly changing nature of language, the popular term also may have varied from generation to generation. Swords primary role was to break bones and to drop you to the floor King Thrasamund of the Vandals was recorded in a letter to King Theodoric the Ostrogoth, giving thanks for a gift of swords, and refers to the fullers in the blades as simply grooves: “…their centers, hollowed out with beautiful grooves, seem to undulate with worm-like markings; for shadows of such variety you would think the metal was interwoven rather than shining with different colors.” A very efficient weapon A very efficient weapon The French often use the term goutiere (gutter) or cannelure (channel). The ancient Viking term is unknown. As a verb, the old French term “gutter” meant “to cut small hollows,” as in the gutter of a crossbow. The addition of “blood” to these words (i.e.: “blood channel,” “blood gutter,” “blood groove”) was most likely a modern colloquialism, but gives the connotation of an unintended and undesirable purpose; that of directing blood toward the hands rather than lessening the weight of the blade. Therefore, in modern descriptions, fuller is often the preferred choice.
Mayor and Councillors Council is made up of twelve Councillors and the Mayor. The twelve Councillors each represent one of the four wards that make up Willoughby, while the Mayor represents all the wards. Councillors are voted in by the local community every four years to represent them on local public issues. The last Council elections were held in September 2017. The Mayor was popularly elected by the voters for a three-year term. The Deputy-Mayor is elected every twelve months by the Councillors. Councillors are not paid for the job that they do; many Councillors have a full-time job on top of being an elected member. However, they do receive an allowance. The allowance amount is determined each year by Councillors, though it must be between the limits set by the Local Government Remuneration Tribunal. Find your local Councillors
ADA Accessibility Information How Implants Prevent Bone Loss West Linn, OR Tooth loss is not just an oral health issue or a minor inconvenience. Missing teeth can eventually have an impact on the nearby tissues, especially your jawbone. Tooth roots naturally stimulate the jawbone, and continued chewing action helps maintain jawbone strength. When the tooth roots are no longer present, the ridge of the bone near the roots, known as the alveolar bone, stops being used to its optimal capacity and the body starts to reabsorb it. Types of Dental Implants There are three main types of dental implants available. Endosteal Implants Endosteal are the most popular type of dental implants and are often used as a substitute to a bridge or removable denture. These implants are either cylinder (smooth), screw (threaded), or bladed. To place one, your dentist will drill into the jawbone and insert an artificial tooth root made of titanium. Therefore, the procedure requires good jawbone health and density. Endosteal implants are known for being durable and natural-feeling. Subperiosteal Implants Subperiosteal implants are opted for when you lack the amount of jawbone required for an endosteal implant. They stay on top of the bone but underneath the gums. These implants essentially consist of a metal frame that is surgically implanted atop the jawbone just beneath the gum tissue. Metal posts are positioned in a way that they emerge through the gums. The replacement teeth are then attached to these posts. Zygomatic Implants These are not a very common type of dental implants. Placing a zygomatic implant involves a complicated procedure and should only be resorted to if you do not have adequate jawbone required for an endosteal implant. These implants are surgically inserted into the cheekbone instead of the jawbone. This bone is much denser as compared to the maxillary bone, and offers a strong anchor point for the implants. Like conventional implants, zygomatic implants also have a high success rate. How Implants Prevent Bone Loss Bone loss is one of the biggest risks associated with tooth loss. Not only does this make it hard to retain your remaining teeth, but can also alter the entire structure of your face. Having missing teeth replaced with dental implants can ward off bone loss, enabling your jaw to maintain its original look and shape. When implants are placed into your jawbone, they bond with it and stabilize both the bone and the neighboring teeth. Implants provide the necessary stress and stimulation to the jawbone in order to maintain it. This is a distinguishing function of a dental implant as a simple crown or dental bridge would be inadequate to achieve this. An implant keeps your jaw healthy and preserves the structure of your entire set of teeth. Anesthetics are used before performing a dental implant surgery, making it a painless process. If you have a tooth or two missing, an implant may be just what you need. Schedule an appointment with us at ZenTech Dentistry by giving us a call at (503) 765-9699 today. Dr. Frank Sioda 18676 Williamette Dr. Suite 202 West Linn, OR 97068-1718 Zentech Dentistry - Frank K. Sioda, DMD, PC, 18676 Williamette Dr. Suite 202, West Linn, OR 97068 + (503) 765-9699 + + 6/19/2021 + Page Keywords: dentist West Linn OR + dentist West Linn OR +
CHAMP Home Page Whats New About us CHAMP Mentors and Faculty CHAMP Network Members Caring with Compassion Child Victims of Human Trafficking Test Your Knowledge Practice Recommendations Resources for Professionals DOH Initiatives Educational Resources for Medical Residents Position Statement Contact Us Back to list of cases Child Abuse Case 8 A 4-week-old baby presents with seizures and signs of hypernatremic dehydration. A serum sodium level is 159. A urine sodium test was sent to the laboratory. The teenage mother lives alone with her first child. She states that she has been preparing the formula correctly. She reports that the baby frequently vomits after feeds. The mom has brought her to the primary care physician six times for complaints of vomiting since birth. If the urine sodium is elevated, which of the following is most likely true? 1. The baby has been fed hypertonic fluids and the mother should be reported immediately to child protective services for suspicion of medical child abuse. 2. The baby has a renal problem. 3. The baby has been fed hypertonic fluids and a further dietary history is needed. 4. The symptoms of vomiting were most likely fabricated. The answer is C. Most likely, this mother has been erroneously mixing the formula with the wrong dilution, causing the symptoms and later the seizure. The mother needs to be asked about the dietary history in more detail. Hypervolemic hypernatremia is caused by inappropriately mixing too little free water with powdered formula. It is not possible to determine if the vomiting was actual or fabricated. Repeated presentations to a physician for the same, similar or even different, unverified complaints are the first sign of medical abuse. However, we cannot yet jump to the conclusion that symptoms were induced. For more information on medical abuse, see the reference below. In this case, the vomiting could have been a symptom of hypernatremia, due to hypertonic formula, or have been unrelated. The infant may have had increased losses of free water due to vomiting and this may have contributed to her hypernatremia, but this symptom alone does not explain this significant degree of sodium overload. If the baby had a renal problem and was wasting sodium in the urine, we would likely observe hyponatremia, not hypernatremia. However, hypernatremia may be secondary to a renal problem, for example hypovolemic hypernatremia can occur with the use of osmotic diuretics, or intrinsic renal disease. In these situations, water losses are greater than sodium losses. Central or nephrogenic diabetes insipidus can present as euvolemic hypernatremia. Again, the issue is related more to water loss exceeding salt loss. If an infant presents with hyponatremia, use of inappropriate amounts of free water (e.g., over dilution of the formula) should be suspected. This is commonly the situation when parents try to "stretch" out remaining powdered formula due to lack of resources to purchase or acquire enough formula. The fact that the baby became ill due to incorrectly mixing the formula may not warrant a neglect investigation and the need for investigation by the authorities depends on other factors. For example, the dietary problem may be a symptom of other cognitive or compliance related problems of the mother and/or family. In that case, future risk of harm to the baby without intervention might be predictable. At the very least, preventive services to assist the new teenage mother with the baby can be considered as an appropriate referral and resource for the family. Neglect or medical child abuse may be present if in fact there is documentation in the medical record or documentation by other professionals that the correct mixture for the formula has been previously taught and, despite this, the mother continues to provide an incorrect mixture. Reference: Roesler TA, Jenny C. Medical Child Abuse: Beyond Munchausen Syndrome by Proxy. Elk Grove Village, IL: American Academy of Pediatrics; 2009. Back to list of cases SUNY Upstate Medical University Syracuse, New York
New Technology Technology refers to application of science to practical life i.e. to transform scientific laws into machines and devices to manipulate the environment and achieve the tangible ends. Since the earliest stages of agriculture, technologies have been developed for production, processing and storage of food. Due to farmers' innovative activities many farming styles and emerged that are best suited to the farmer as well s the local environment. New technologies are coming up every day that help increase the production and also increases the shelf life of the food stuff; may be raw or processed. Food technologies - processing food for safety, convenience and taste Salting and drying are two of the earliest methods of treating foods to help preserve freshness and improve flavor. Over the years, improved techniques for processing foods have resulted in the expansion of our food supply by prolonging keeping times, preventing spoilage and increasing the variety of food products available. Extrusion - new shapes and textures Snack foods, breakfast cereals, confectionery and even some pet foods have been produced from a method of food processing known as extrusion. It basically involves compressing food into a semi-solid mass, and then forcing it through a small aperture to increase the variety of texture, shape, and color obtainable from a basic food ingredient. The technique has given rise to products with hitherto unknown shapes and textures. Extrusion can form and sometimes even cook raw ingredients into finished products. New and creative products Snacks are one of the fastest-growing segments of the food industry, and extrusion is already established as a means of producing new and creative products. Most cereals can be extruded, and cereal-based products, such as breads, breakfast cereals and cakes can be processed in this way. Extrusion can also be used to make pet foods. A particularly promising application of extrusion is in the processing of Textured Vegetable Protein (TVP). This is basically soya flour that has been processed and dried to give a substance with a sponge-like texture that may be flavored to resemble meat. Soya beans are dehulled and their oil extracted before being ground into flour. This flour is then mixed with water to remove soluble carbohydrate and the residue is textured by extrusion. This involves passing heated soya residue from a high-pressure area to a reduced pressure area through the die, resulting in expansion of the soya protein. It is then dehydrated and may either be cut into small chunks or ground into granules. With extrusion techniques good quality meat analogues can be produced from TVP and mycoprotein (protein obtained from fungi). TVP is also being used in the development of some functional foods where the potential health benefits of soya protein are sought. It's the meat and three veg of food science research - three crown research institutes and a major university have come together for a $19.2 million Government-funded research project. Nutrigenomics is a new science which has the potential to optimize foods and food components to individuals or populations. It recognizes that optimal dietary advice for one individual may be inappropriate or wrong for another. Thus, it optimizes foods according to the individual human genotype. Ruakura riding a wave in temperature technology Microwave beams replace physical probes. Celentis, the commercial arm of AgResearch, has raised the World benchmark in temperature monitoring of meat and boxed food products
Oracle of apollo at delphi What did the oracle at Delphi predict? Known throughout the ancient world, Pythia, the Oracle of Delphi was famous for her frenzied prophecies of doom and destruction. What was the oracle of Delphi used for? What is Apollo’s oracle? Was the oracle of Delphi High? Something in the ancient Greek temple of Delphi made its priestess high enough to believe she could predict the future. Scientists just can’t agree on what. Was the oracle of Delphi a woman? Named Pythia, after the mythical snake carcass that formed the conduit to the gods, the Delphic oracle was always a woman. Priestess of Delphi (1891) by John Collier, showing the Pythia sitting on a tripod with vapor rising from a crack in the earth beneath her. Is there still an oracle at Delphi? Delphi’s modern legacy Unfortunately, the Delphic oracle is no longer in business – at least, not of the oracular kind. In 390/1 CE the Roman emperor Theodosius I closed it down in a bid to end pagan cults. However, the excavated site is now a booming tourist destination and well worth the visit. See also: What did the oracle of delphi do Do oracles still exist? Of these oracles, one of the most prolific and time-honored is the oracle that practiced at the temple of Apollo at Delphi. … This unit will present a glimpse of the Delphic Oracle of ancient Greece and show the modern student that oracles still exist in the twentieth century. Is Delphi worth visiting? Definitely, if you have the time, the trip to Delphi is worth the trip. It is interesting, you get to see some of the country side and is a little break from Athens. Is the oracle of Delphi a person? The Pythia (/ˈpɪθiə/; Ancient Greek: Πυθία [pyːˈtʰi. aː]) was the name of the high priestess of the Temple of Apollo at Delphi who also served as the oracle, also known as the Oracle of Delphi. How old is the Oracle of Delphi? Dating back to 1400 BC, the Oracle of Delphi was the most important shrine in all Greece, and in theory all Greeks respected its independence. Built around a sacred spring, Delphi was considered to be the omphalos – the center (literally navel) of the world. Who was the last Oracle of Delphi? Emperor Theodosius I What does Delphi mean? The name “Delphi” has Greek origins from the word “Delphus,” which means hollow, or womb. Most notably, though, the name has strong affiliations with the Delphic Oracle, the most important oracle in ancient Greece — fitting for Cursed Child’s Delphi, whose prophesied fate was a major component of the play. Was the oracle of Delphi accurate? Some of the predictions were surprisingly accurate, according to legend. Croesus, the richest man of his time, performed a kind of scientific test on oracles, when he had messengers go out to all of them and ask what he would be doing on a certain date. Delphi got the only correct answer – cooking a tortoise in a pot. See also: Oracle of delphi quotes What is the riddle of the Oracle at Delphi? The answer is: MAN. For man crawls on all fours as a baby in the morning of his life, walks on his two legs in the afternoon of his life, and in the evening of his life hobbles with a stick, so that he then could be said to have three legs. Why were such riddles so important in ancient times? Leave a Comment

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