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DATA-DRIVEN INSPECTION EXPERT SYSTEM FOR ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING
Manufacturing / Industry
Description of the DVC THEME
Additive manufacturing (AM) technology is considered one of the most promising advanced technologies for manufacturing. Compared with traditional manufacturing such as CNC tools, forging, and welding, AM technology has advantages such as no need for tools or molds, high material utilization, a short product manufacturing cycle, and the ability to manufacture complex structures. All AM systems work on the same principle of building a structure additively from a substrate. Some AM processes have the ability to print various materials including polymers, metals, ceramics, and composites. AM is especially suitable for low-cost, short-cycle, rapid prototyping, or even the production of large and complex metal structures.
At present, AM alone is not fully able of producing parts with suitable mechanical properties and surface roughness that meet the requirements of most applications. AM components are known to have various defects, such as powder agglomeration, balling, porosity, internal cracks, and thermal/internal stress, which can significantly affect the quality, mechanical properties, and safety of final parts.
Defect inspection methods are critical for reducing manufactured defects, controlling the process during manufacturing or improving the surface quality, and keeping under control the mechanical properties of AM components. Traditional defect detection technology can be combined with high-resolution visual images to optimize defect detection and fault prediction and diagnosis technology.
Sub-challenges composing this experiment:
This DVC THEME is composed of the challenge:
Expected global results:
- Optimize the printing process by understanding defects sources and occurrences during manufacturing
- Improve process efficiency by developing descriptive-predictive-prescriptive data-driven models
- Increase processes sustainability level, the total cost of ownership savings |
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In 1917, a year after his general theory of relativity was published, Einstein tried to extend his field equation of gravitation to the universe as a whole. The universe as known at the time was simply our galaxyâthe neighboring Andromeda, visible to the naked eye from very dark locations, was thought to be a nebula within our own Milky Way home. Einsteinâs equation told him that the universe was expanding, but astronomers assured him otherwise (even today, no expansion is evident within the 2-million-light-year range to Andromeda; in fact, that galaxy is moving toward us). So Einstein inserted into his equation a constant now known as âlambda,â for the Greek letter that denoted it. Lambda, also called âthe cosmological constant,â supplied a kind of force to hold the universe from expanding and keep it stable within its range. Then in 1929, Hubble, Humason, and Slipher made their monumental discovery using the 100-inch Mount Wilson telescope in California of very distant galaxies and the fact that they were receding from usâimplying that the universe was indeed expanding, just as Einsteinâs original equation had indicated! When Einstein visited California some time later, Hubble showed him his findings and Einstein famously exclaimed âThen away with the cosmological constant!â and never mentioned it again, considering lambda his greatest âblunderââit had, after all, prevented him from theoretically predicting the expansion of the universe.
Fast forward six decades to the 1990s. Saul Perlmutter, a young astrophysicist at the Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory in California had a brilliant idea. He knew that Hubbleâs results were derived using the Doppler shift in light. Light from a galaxy that is receding from us is shifted to the red end of the visible spectrum, while a galaxy that is approaching us has its light shifted to the blue end of the spectrum, from our vantage point. The degree of the shift is measured by a quantity astronomers call Z, which is then used to determines a galaxyâs speed of recession away from us (when Z is positive and shift is to the red).
But Perlmutter knew much more than that. As an astrophysicist he had studied the light curves (the way the intensity of a light source changes through time) that characterize immensely powerful celestial explosions called a Type Ia supernova. This kind of explosion is so powerfulâsix times more so than the more common Type II supernova, such as the one that created the Crab Nebulaâthat its light can be as intense as that of an entire galaxy. This allowed him to detect such mammoth, yet rare explosions in very faraway galaxies. Using telescopes in Hawaii, Chile, the Canary Islands, and space, his research team took pictures of hundreds of distant galaxies at a time, repeating the process at intervals of three weeks. In an entire galaxy, a Type Ia supernova will occur only roughly once a centuryâbut once such an explosion is captured, it yields extremely important information. Since the light curve of such a supernova is the same, regardless of where it takes place, the intensity of the light from the explosion can be used as a âstandard candleâ for measuring the distance to the galaxy in which it takes place (in the same way that the size of the flame of a candle could be used to estimate how far a candle is from the observer since all candle flames are essentially of the same size). Thus Perlmutterâs team, the Supernova Cosmology Project at Berkeley, was able to establish for each galaxy in which they were fortunate to observe a Type Ia supernova, both a distance estimate (through analysis of the light curve), and a speed of recession (from the redshift, Z). An analysis of the data revealed a stunningly unexpected result: the universe is accelerating its expansion! The reason no one had expected such a finding was that the widely held assumption in cosmology had been that the mutual gravitational attraction among galaxies would eventually win out against the expansion, slow it down to a stop, and lead to a re-collapse of the universe on itself (and then perhaps a new big bang, a rebirth)âsimilarly to how a stone thrown up in the air will slow down, stop, and fall back to Earth.
The studyâs result led to a major rethinking in cosmology, and it was then that physicists rediscovered Einsteinâs lambda. In the same way that the cosmological constant had originally been used to hold down a universe that wants to expand, the same mathematical device, lambdaâacting in the opposite wayâcan now be used to accelerate the universal expansion. The cosmological constant, Einsteinâs âblunder,â was back with a vengeance! The energy that is believed to cause the accelerated expansion is called âdark energy,â and also âquintessence.â Dark energy is now believed to comprise as much as 73% of the entire mass-energy of the universe. What it actually is, nobody knows; mathematically, its action is performed by Einsteinâs old lambda term.
âImagine a lattice in three dimensions,â Saul Perlmutter told me when I interviewed him about his groundbreaking work completed in 1998, âAt each corner of the lattice there is a galaxy. Now imagine that the lattice itself is growing in sizeâthe distances from our corner, our galaxy, to all other corners of the lattice keep increasing.â These distances increase at a rate that is increasing all the time. Eventually, therefore, the universe will likely become very large and very diffuseâsomething that no one had expected. There will probably never be a recollapse and a rebirth. Our present universe seems to be a one-time event.
Saul Perlmutter shared this yearâs Nobel Prize in physics for his discovery with Brian P. Schmidt of the Australian National University and Adam G. Riess of Johns Hopkins University and the Space Telescope Science Institute, who headed a competing research team, the High-Z Supernova Search, which obtained similar results at the same time. Their research changed the way we view the universe.
Amir D. Aczel is a researcher at the Center for the Philosophy and History of Science at Boston University and the author of 18 books about mathematics and physics, as well as numerous research articles. He is a Guggenheim Fellow and a frequent commentator on science in the media. See more at his website or follow him on Twitter: @adaczel. |
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History of Chappel (Pontisbright)
St Barnabas' Church, Chappel.
© Copyright Paul Roberts contributor to the Geograph Project and licensed for reuse under this Creative Commons Licence
History of Chappel (Pontisbright) >> White's Directory 1848
White's Directory of Essex 1848
CHAPPEL, or PONTISBRIGHT, is a picturesque village and parochial chapelry, on the south bank of the river Colne, 7 miles West North West of Colchester, and 6 miles East South East of Halstead. It contains 429 inhabitants and 996A.3R.21P. of land.
The Colchester and Stour Valley Railway will cross the Colne valley here by a stupendous viaduct of which the first stone was laid in September, 1847. This viaduct will be 1066 feet long, and will cross the valley by 30 semi-circular arches each 30 fret in span.
The height of the rails above the river will be 80 feet. Extensive embankments, 50 feet in height, formed of earth brought from deep cuttings on each side of the valley, will join the viaduct. It is said the latter will cost about £20,000, and will require from 5 to 6 million bricks. This great work is expected to be finished, and the line opened, about the close of 1848.
Chappel, or Chapel, was anciently called Pontisbright, and was part of the parish of Great Tey. A chapel was built here by the inhabitants in 1355, and they had afterwards many disputes with the vicar of Great Tey, till 1533, when the Bishop of London, with the consent of all parties, ordered that the inhabitants of Pontisbright should provide a priest for their own chapel, and that he should have the vicarial tithes of the chapelry, and also 20s. a year from the vicar of Great Tey.
A fair for toys, etc., is held here on the Tuesday after June 11th.
The copyhold lands belong the manors of Great Tey, Bacons, Bourchier's Hall. The principal land owners are T.B. Western, Esq., C.W. Crickett, Esq., and Messrs. J. and W.M. Farrow, J. Hills, J.J. Mechi, W.Dean, etc.
The Church, or chapel, is a small ancient edifice, with a wooden turret and spire.
The benefice is a perpetual curacy, valued in 1831 at only £70. It is in the patronage and incumbency of the Rev. J. Clarryvince, M.A., who has the rent of a copyhold tenement and 8A. of land given by John Leving, in the reign of Henry VIII. The great tithes belong mostly to the sinecure rectory of Great Tey, and both them and the vicarial tithes have been commuted for rent charges.
The poor have £30 a-year as the rent of a cottage, and 14œ of land, called Machon's, and given by Robert Hoolde, in 1454.
Back to History of Chappel |
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February 28, 2007
GCRIO Program Overview
Our extensive collection of documents.
Archives of the
Global Climate Change Digest
A Guide to Information on Greenhouse Gases and Ozone Depletion
Published July 1988 through June 1999
FROM VOLUME 9, NUMBER 7, JULY 1996
IMPACTS: IMPACTS ON AGRICULTURE
Two items in Clim.
Change, 33(1), 1-6, May 1996:
"The Impact of Climate Change on Agriculture," S. Helms (Triangle
Econ. Res., 1000 Park Forty Plaza, #200, Durham NC 27713), R. Mendelsohn, J.
Neumann, 1-6. Early studies of climate change impacts predicted large losses to
U.S. agriculture. This essay discusses four factors that have caused more recent
estimates to be more optimistic: (1) milder climate scenarios; (2) adaptation by
farmers; (3) increased productivity from carbon fertilization; and (4)
warmth-loving crops were omitted in earlier studies. Key remaining questions
include how tropical and subtropical farming will be affected, and how effects
will be distributed regionally.
"Agricultural Adaptation to Climatic Variation," B. Smit (Dept.
Geog., Univ. Guelph, Guelph ON N1G 2W1, Can.), D. McNabb, J. Smithers, 7-29.
Explores assumptions underlying impact assessments of climate change for
agriculture, both conceptually (with a model of agricultural adaptation to
climate), and empirically, based on a survey of 120 farm operators in
southwestern Ontario. Many farmers were affected by variable climatic conditions
over a six-year period, but only 20 percent were sufficiently influenced to
respond with conscious changes in their operations.
Four related items in
Clim. Change, 32(3), Mar. 1996:
"High-Frequency Climatic Variability and Crop Yields," D.S. Wilks
(Dept. Soil, Crop & Atmos. Sci., Bradfield Hall, Cornell Univ., Ithaca NY
14853), S.J. Riha, 231-235. Introducing the following three papers, this
editorial stresses that short-term climate variability, not just changes in
climatic means, is an important factor in the climate sensitivity of natural and
managed systems, and that much more work is needed to clarify climate impacts.
"Use of Conditional Stochastic Models to Generate Climate Change
Scenarios," R.W. Katz (ESIG, NCAR, POB 3000, Boulder CO 80307), 237-255.
"The Effect of Changes in Daily and Interannual Climatic Variability on
[the] CERES-Wheat [Model]: A Sensitivity Study," L.O. Mearns (NCAR, POB
3000, Boulder CO 80307), C. Rosenzweig, R. Goldberg, 257-292.
"Impact of Temperature and Precipitation Variability on Crop Model
Predictions," S.J. Riha (Dept. Soil, Crop & Atmos. Sci., Bradfield
Hall, Cornell Univ., Ithaca NY 14853), 293-311.
Climate Warming for Agricultural Production in Eastern China," W. Futang
(Chinese Acad. Meteor. Sci., Baishiqiao Rd. #46, Beijing 100081, China), World
Resour. Rev., 8(1), 61-68, Mar. 1996.
Potential impacts on production of rice, winter wheat and corn are estimated
based on composite regional GCM scenarios combined with a weather-yield model
and a cropping system model. Warming would affect corn most, wheat next, and
rice least; there would be a significant northward shift in cropping patterns.
However, it is difficult to determine whether the overall impact of climate
warming would be good or bad for farming in China, due to uncertainties in the
GCM scenarios and the complex impact of climate change on agriculture.
Global and Regional Analyses of the Effects of Climate Change: A Case Study of
Land Use in England and Wales," M.L. Parry (Dept. Geog., Univ. College, 26
Bedford Way, London WC1H 0AP, UK), J.E. Hossell et al.,
Clim. Change, 32(2), 185-198, Feb. 1996.
Uses a case study to illustrate an integrated assessment of the global and
regional effects of climate change on land use. Data on world food prices
provide input to a land-use model, which integrates the effect of price changes
for various crops with climate-related changes in yield through the year 2060.
Assessment of Impacts of Climate Change on Boro Rice Yield in Bangladesh,"
R. Mahmood (Dept. Geog., Univ. Oklahoma, Norman OK 73019), J.T. Hayes, Phys.
Geog., 16(6), 463-486, Nov.-Dec. 1995.
Rice, the main food crop in Bangladesh, is sensitive to climatic variations.
A climatic crop productivity model is applied to the boro rice growing season
(Dec.-May) for various combinations of altered thermal and solar climates. A 1°
C rise in mean growing season air temperature reduces boro rice yield by 4.6%;
and each 10% increase in incident solar radiation causes a 6.5% increase of
Guide to Publishers
Index of Abbreviations |
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Many management options for cancer exist with the primary ones including surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and palliative care. Which treatments are used depends upon the type, location and grade of the cancer as well as the personâs health and wishes. 1. Palliative care Palliative care refers to treatment which attempts to make the patient feel better and may or may not be combined with an attempt to attack the cancer. Palliative care includes action to reduce the physical, emotional, spiritual, and psycho-social distress experienced by people with cancer. Unlike treatment that is aimed at directly killing cancer cells, the primary goal of palliative care is to improve the patientâs quality of life. Patients at all stages of cancer treatment need some kind of palliative care to comfort them. In some cases, medical specialty professional organizations recommend that patients and physicians respond to cancer only with palliative care and not with cancer-directed therapy. Those cases have the following characteristics: 1. patient has low performance status, corresponding with limited ability to care for oneself. 2. patient received no benefit from prior evidence-based treatments. 3. patient is ineligible to participate in any appropriate clinical trial. The physician sees no strong evidence that treatment would be effective. Palliative care is often confused with hospice and therefore only involved when people approach end of life. Like hospice care, palliative care attempts to help the person cope with the immediate needs and to increase the personâs comfort. Unlike hospice care, palliative care does not require people to stop treatment aimed at prolonging their lives or curing the cancer. Multiple national medical guidelines recommend early palliative care for people whose cancer has produced distressing symptoms (pain, shortness of breath, fatigue, nausea) or who need help coping with their illness. In people who have metastatic disease when first diagnosed, oncologists should consider a palliative care consult immediately. Additionally, an oncologist should consider a palliative care consult in any patient they feel has a prognosis of less than 12 months even if continuing aggressive treatment. 2. Surgery Surgery is the primary method of treatment of most isolated solid cancers and may play a role in palliation and prolongation of survival. It is typically an important part of making the definitive diagnosis and staging the tumor as biopsies are usually required. In localized cancer surgery typically attempts to remove the entire mass along with, in certain cases, the lymph nodes in the area. For some types of cancer this is all that is needed to eliminate the cancer. 3. Chemotherapy Chemotherapy in addition to surgery has proven useful in a number of different cancer types including: breast cancer, colorectal cancer, pancreatic cancer, osteogenic sarcoma, testicular cancer, ovarian cancer, and certain lung cancers. The effectiveness of chemotherapy is often limited by toxicity to other tissues in the body. 4. Radiation Radiation therapy involves the use of ionizing radiation in an attempt to either cure or improve the symptoms of cancer. It is used in about half of all cases and the radiation can be from either internal sources in the form of brachytherapy or external sources. Radiation is typically used in addition to surgery and or chemotherapy but for certain types of cancer such as early head and neck cancer may be used alone. For painful bone metastasis it has been found to be effective in about 70% of people. 5. Alternative treatments Complementary and alternative cancer treatments are a diverse group of health care systems, practices, and products that are not part of conventional medicine. âComplementary medicineâ refers to methods and substances used along with conventional medicine, while âalternative medicineâ refers to compounds used instead of conventional medicine. Most complementary and alternative medicines for cancer have not been rigorously studied or tested. Some alternative treatments have been investigated and shown to be ineffective but still continue to be marketed and promoted. |
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The winter solstice, December 22nd, has been celebrated in cultures the world over for thousands of years. As the shortest day/longest night of the year, this start of the solar year is a celebration of light and the rebirth of the Sun. We have all completed one more official journey around the Sun.
Many of the customs, lore, symbols, and rituals associated with the Solstice have survived into the 21st century so letâs see how we can join in this ancient celebration to bring love, light, joy and meaning to this season.
Enliven your surroundings with the color red.The color of the sun is energizing, and symbolic of love, courage, warmth, fire. Wear red sweaters, scarves and hats, light red candles, bring in red flowering plants(we are lucky here in California, the red poinsettia is in bloom). This has a powerful effect in the darkest days of the year to lighten your mood and create a festive, heartening atmosphere.
Adorn your home with sacred herbs and colors. Decorate your home in holiday colors red, green, and white. Place holly, ivy, evergreen boughs, and pine cones around your home, especially in areas where socializing takes place. Hang a sprig of mistletoe above a major threshold, an evergreen wreath on the front door to symbolize the continuity of life and the wheel of the year. Bring in a Christmas tree with colored lights.
Convey love to family, friends, and associates. At the heart of the Solstice was the custom of family and friends feasting together and exchanging presents. Continue this custom by visiting, entertaining, giving gifts, and sending greetings by mail and/or phone. Play games, enjoy children, roast chestnuts over an open fire(what fun!). Consider those who are and/or have been important in your life and share appreciation.
Honor the new solar year with light. Do a Winter Solstice Eve ritual in which you meditate in darkness and then welcome the birth of the sun by lighting candles and singing chants and carols. If you have an indoor fireplace or an outdoor fire circle, burn an oak log as a Yule log. Decorate the inside and/or outside of your home with electric colored lights.
Party Hearty on New Yearsâs eve, not just to welcome the calendar year but also to welcome the new solar year. Celebrate and remember how much the sun means to our planet earth, bringing heat, and light.
Contribute to the manifestation of more wellness on Planet Earth. Donate food and clothing to poor in your area. Volunteer time at a social service agency. Put up bird feeders and keep them filled throughout the winter to supplement the diets of wild birds. Donate funds and items to non-profit groups, such as churches and environmental organizations. Meditate for world peace. Work magic for a healthier planet. Make a pledge to do some form of good works in the new solar year.
Pray Take time for self-reflection, contemplation, meditation. The darkness of the winter solstice time supports going within to give thanks, receive spiritual guidance, and set intentions for the upcoming year. This is one of my favorite prayers:
In my busy-ness, I sometimes forget to stop and give thanks for all the blessings in my life. I am truly fortunate to experience abundance, health and aliveness. I am grateful for the simple joys of laughter, for the ability to love and be loved, for the opportunity to witness everyday miracles.
I give thanks for mother earth, for the animal kingdom and the marvelous wonders of the natural world. I am grateful for a mind that thinks and a body that feels and for my family and friends.
I am thankful that I do work that I love and that I bring value to people. I am even grateful for the valleys, the dark nights of the soul, and the uncertainty that sometimes burdens my heart. It means that Iâm alive and that Iâve allowed lifeâs betrayals to teach my heart wisdom and patience.
I am grateful for the Light of a new day and infinite possibilities waiting to be born. Thank you for allowing me to witness random acts of kindness in a sometimes dark and hurried world. It gives me hope and allows me to see the Divinity in every human being. Thank you for absolutely everything, for my life and for this breath.
Celebrate As you think about setting goals for next year, take some time to write down and CELEBRATE everything you have accomplished this year. Keep your focus on your successes. Be careful of negative self-critical thoughts coming in when you remember the goals you did not achieve. Put those on your list for next year.
CELEBRATING keeps our focus on the positive and attracts more for us to celebrate. The Take this energy of CELEBRATION with you into the New Year and keep it with you throughout the whole year.
However big or small the occasion, look for excuses to be in a state of celebration. You can celebrate failures too. They open doorways for something new to come in. Your positive attitude will make sure you attract more positivity and goodness.
Pragitoâs website is www.discovermeditation.com
Pragito Dove M.A., C.C.H. is the leading authority on Expressive Meditation in North America. Using the principles she now teaches, Pragito transformed her pain and fear into joy and inner peace. Founder of the Laughing Buddhas Network and an internationally recognized master trainer, speaker, and meditation expert, Pragito is the author of two best-selling books, Lunchtime Enlightenment (Penguin Group), and Laughter, Tears, Silence (published in six languages). She has a private practice in Northern California from where she teaches highly acclaimed programs such as the Laughter Meditation Teleclass Program Series to an international audience! Pragitoâs website is: http://www.discovermeditation.com
Read more from VividLife.me bloggers:
Here are my top 5 Keys that can help you cultivate not only a positive mindset but also the feeling state necessary for the positive Law of Attraction. The more you focus on bringing awareness to accepting and loving yourself, the more your inner beauty and harmony is reflected in your outer circumstances. The Sufi master who designed the Taj Mahal based his work on meditation. It shows, doesnât it?
Someone just shared with me that he was preparing to join his family for the holidays and compared it to being at a convention for button pushers! The main offender? His mother. She continually asks for his opinion on matters but never acts on his advice. From his point of view, his mother suffers greatly and his advice, if taken, would alleviate most if not all of her problems. |
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Rough-Leafed Loosestrife - Lysimachia asperulaefolia
By Chris Daves, SC Master Naturalist
Rough-leafed loosestrife is an herbaceous perennial belonging to the Primrose family. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service first listed it as an endangered species in 1987.
The distribution of this species is restricted to the sandhills/coastal plain region of only two Southeastern states: South Carolina and North Carolina. Nine populations are known to exist. Most of the populations of rough-leafed loosestrife are located in North Carolina. In South Carolina, only one population is known to exist in Richland County. Most of the populations are found on publicly-owned lands such as military bases and federal forestlands.
Its habitat includes the area between longleaf pine or oak savannas and wetter plant communities. It prefers moist or saturated sands and shallow organic soils.
Other habitats include savannas, seep bogs in the sandhills and pocosins. The species fares well where periodic fires are prevalent. Abundant sunlight and low vegetation are important to its survival.
The stems originate from a rhizome and grow up to two feet in height. Leaf formations are in whorls of three to four leaves. Its large, showy, yellow flowers are found on the terminal end of the stems. The plant flowers from May to June and fruits from August to October.
The largest threats to the plant are fire suppression and other habitat-destructive activities such as road construction, residential development, hydrological alterations, agricultural conversion of wetland areas and silviculture.
Efforts to preserve the species include better preservation and management techniques on publicly-owned land. Restrictions on human activity by placing buffering zones around existing populations are being implemented. More controlled burns are being conducted to eliminate competition that can shade out rough-leafed loosestrife. Other efforts are being made to create seed banks so that populations can be reestablished in suitable habitat. Reintroduction of the species to its historic habitat is another recovery method currently being used.
The only place to view rough-leafed loosestrife in South Carolina is on the Fort Jackson military base east of Columbia. A large population was discovered here in 1991 and is said to be the first population discovered in South Carolina since the 1800s.
Radford, A. E., H. Ahles, and C. R. Bell. 1978. Manual of the Vascular Flora of the Carolinas. UNC Press, Chapel Hill. 1,183 pp.
US Fish & Wildlife Service. 1995. Rough-leafed Loosestrife (Lysimachia asperulaefolia) Recovery Plan. |
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â ãšãªã㯠 (@x__ok) October 10, 2020 |
"Der Sang", "der Gesang", and "der Song" all mean "a song". What are the differences, if any?
Song vs. Lied
One word is missing from the list, namely Lied. A Lied is a piece of music which is supposed to be sung, a song. For certain types of songs the word Song taken from English can be used instead of Lied, however while you might speak of a Beatles-Song you would not speak of a Schumann-Song.
The word Gesang denotes singing.
means that I listened to someone singing, it does not imply that the song she sang was hers.
Sang is a variant of Gesang which is mostly obsolete, but preserved in certain expressions (mit Sang und Klang, sang- und klanglos). It also occurs in the second stanza of the Deutschlandlied (note -lied):
Now, that is a form of patriotism that I can live with, even though its sexual politics are a bit outdated. |
is an intelligent, robust and resilient buried pipe system that moves us towards failure free operation and so ends unnecessary & unplanned road excavation.
is to create the new science, knowledge, technical capabilities and means of practical translation to transform the capabilities of utilities to manage their buried pipe networks.
Our research objectives
- to develop a new science of sensing for high fidelity in-pipe inspection;
- to integrate this new science with robotic, navigation and communication solutions to work autonomously in large buried infrastructure networks;
- to advance this science from a laboratory prototype to field scales;
- to engage actively with the end user community throughout the project to address their technical challenges;
- to co-create the research with key UK stakeholders to ensure a rapid uptake of this technology;
- to establish a world leading research Centre of Autonomous Sensing for Buried Infrastructure.
Academic research leads
University of Sheffield
Prof. Kirill V. Horoshenkov (Programme Director)
Dr. Sean Anderson (Simultaneous Localisation and Mapping)
Prof. Simon J. Tait (System Integration)
University of Bristol
Prof. Bruce Drinkwater (Sensors)
Prof. Anthony Croxford (Sensing)
University of Birmingham
Prof. Chris D. F. Rogers (Deputy Programme Director)
Prof. Nicole Metje (User Engagement)
University of Leeds
Prof. Robert Richardson (Robotics)
Prof. Netta Cohen (Artificial Intelligence)
Prof. Ian Robertson (Communication)
The replacement value of UK buried water and wastewater pipes, a network with a length of approximately 1m km, is between £300B and £600B. Similar figures can be assigned to the gas supply network. While pipe inspection technologies used by these industries have progressed, the lack of comprehensive knowledge about the condition of buried pipes results in sporadic, unforeseen failures. As a result, there are 1.5M road excavations per year in the UK causing full or partial road closures and a cost to the UK of at least £5.5B per year. Without the transformative step-change in pervasive sensing proposed herein, this situation will worsen exponentially as our infrastructure ages.
Importance and impact
Safe and secure water and energy supply is fundamental to society, but is faced with global challenges from climate change, water stress, carbon targets, demographic change, urbanisation and cost constraints.The new technology platform which we propose to develop will benefit:
- utility companies and their sub-contractors through enabling them to monitor their hidden pipe infrastructure autonomously and on an unprecedented scale, to facilitate their advanced decision making processes leading to proactive rehabilitation strategies and hence cost reduction;
- instrument manufacturers through enabling them to produce new sensing and rehabilitation solutions which are
in high demand by utility companies globally;
- the general public through greatly reduced failures and interruption in the services provided by the utilities leading to more sustainable supply, fewer road closures and less traffic disruptions. |
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