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a microlithography illumination system includes a first raster arrangement including a first plurality of bundle - forming raster elements arranged in or adjacent a first plane of the illumination system . the first plurality of bundle - forming raster elements is configured to generate a raster arrangement of secondary light sources . the illumination system also includes a transmission optics configured to superimpose transmission of the illumination light of the secondary light sources into the object field . the transmission optics includes a second raster arrangement comprising a second plurality of bundle - forming raster elements . the illumination system further includes a displacement device configured to displace a displaceable segment of the first raster arrangement relative to the second raster arrangement . the displaceable segment includes exactly one of the raster elements , a group of several raster elements , a raster column , a raster area , or several groups of raster elements . | 6 |
a system for actuating a clutch that alternately driveably connects and disconnects components , includes a clutch having a piston that includes a first apply area and a second apply area , a fluid pressure source , a source of variable control pressure , and a control coupled with the fluid pressure source and operative in response to the control pressure to engage the clutch initially by increasing pressure steadily at the first apply area up to a first magnitude followed by a rapid increase in pressure at the first apply area and the second apply area above the first magnitude to a second magnitude . | 5 |
a method for scoring a golf game . the method includes determining a number of total golf shots hit by a golf group on a golf hole , determining a number of total golf shots selected by the golf group on the golf hole from the number of total golf shots hit to obtain a holed score for the golf hole , and determining a scaled score for the golf group on the golf hole based on both the number of total golf shots hit and the number of total golf shots selected . | 0 |
apparatus for a mass spectrometer is disclosed comprising an ion source , a heater for heating a gas flow to the ion source , a temperature sensor for monitoring the temperature of the heater , and a control system . the control system is arranged and adapted to determine a flow rate of the gas flow by monitoring the power supplied to the heater and the temperature of the heater . | 6 |
when a material of an organic substrate is glass epoxy and a material of a semiconductor chip is silicon or gallium arsenide , a substrate warp sometimes occurs because of a difference between thermal expansion coefficients of the materials . the shape of the antenna formed on the organic substrate due to such a substrate warp , so that the characteristics of the antenna are sometimes shifted from desired values . an antenna is provided on the substrate on which a semiconductor chip is mounted , and is covered with a resin . the resin has enough hardness to suppress the warp caused by joining the semiconductor chip and the substrate and a transformation of the antenna . by changing a connection relation of adjustment vias after the manufacture of the semiconductor device , the characteristic of the antenna can be changed . | 7 |
The atmospheric chemical composition of a hot Jupiter can lead to insights into where in its natal protoplanetary disc it formed and its subsequent migration pathway. We use a 1D chemical kinetics code to compute a suite of models across a range of elemental abundances to investigate the resultant abundances of key molecules in hot Jupiter atmospheres. Our parameter sweep spans metallicities between 0.1x and 10x solar values for the C/H, O/H, and N/H ratios, and equilibrium temperatures of 1000 and 2000 K. We link this parameter sweep to the formation and migration models from previous works to predict connections between the atmospheric molecular abundances and formation pathways, for the molecules H<SUB>2</SUB>O, CO, CH<SUB>4</SUB>, CO<SUB>2</SUB>, HCN, and NH<SUB>3</SUB>. We investigate atmospheric H<SUB>2</SUB>O abundances in eight hot Jupiters reported in the literature. All eight planets fall within our predicted ranges for various formation models; however, six of them are degenerate between multiple models and hence require additional molecular detections for constraining their formation histories. The other two planets, HD 189733 b and HD 209458 b, have water abundances that fall within ranges expected from planets that formed beyond the CO<SUB>2</SUB> snowline. Finally, we investigate the detections of H<SUB>2</SUB>O, CO, CH<SUB>4</SUB>, CO<SUB>2</SUB>, HCN, and NH<SUB>3</SUB> in the atmosphere of HD 209458 b and find that, within the framework of our model, the abundances of these molecules best match with a planet that formed between the CO<SUB>2</SUB> and CO snowlines and then underwent disc-free migration to reach its current location. | 9 |
the invention is a highly abrasion resistant laminate material with high resistance to water penetration , yet breathable , that can be manufactured to various degrees of breathability to suit any particular application need and a method for making same . | 1 |
a method of making a semiconductor packaged device comprises mounting onto a lead frame a bottom of a molded semiconductor chip having a first plastic package body covering a top face of a semiconductor chip , encapsulating the lead frame and the semiconductor chip with a second plastic package body with top surfaces of conductive contact bodies electrically connected to electrodes on the top surface of the semiconductor chip exposed and plating conductive pads on a top surface of the assembly structure to provide external electrical connections to the electrodes through the conductive contact bodies . | 7 |
a method for mounting a wick within a wick sustainer is disclosed . the sustainer has a base , a barrel and a passage that extends through the sustainer . the passage has an upper region occupied by the wick and a lower region occupied , at least partially , by the sealant . sealing the lower region of the passage is accomplished by injecting the sealant into the passage , thereby preventing the fuel from contacting the portion of the wick that is retained in the upper region of the passage . fuel reaches the flame of the burning wick only through the portion of wick not held in the sustainer , so the flame is extinguished once the fuel descends below the top of the sustainer . | 5 |
a device , method and system for facilitating placement of a sock , stocking , or other footwear are disclosed herein . an exemplary device may have a lower member , a handle , and a spreader . the lower member may have a first side and a second side . the first side and second side are sized to fit within footwear when the lower member is in a retracted position . the handle may be coupled to the lower member and allows a user to position the lower member . the spreader means moves the first side and the second side from a retracted position to an extended position . in the extended position , the first side and second side are sized to receive a foot of the user . | 0 |
a method for calculating the required cylindrical power of a toric implant by using both the measured pre - operative corneal / ocular astigmatism and the predicted surgically - induced astigmatism . the post - operative corneal / ocular astigmatism is predicted using power vector analysis of the surgical technique employed by the surgeon . such a method provides a more accurate method of calculating the required spherocylindrical refractive power of the implant . the method can be implemented manually , but preferably is automated by implementation on a computer through appropriate software . | 0 |
a motor vehicle has a safety body structure and side doors , each side being fixed to a door pillar of the safety body structure by at least one door hinge . when the vehicle receives a frontal impact , the forces which are imparted to the front section of the safety body structure are transmitted to the door pillar and are transmitted by the door to other body parts further away from the point of impact when the side door remains closed or is supported against the door pillar in the area of the door hinge without swinging outwardly . in order to prevent the front end of the door from swinging outwardly , the front end is caused to move , upon frontal impact to the vehicle , parallel to or inwardly toward a longitudinal center line of the vehicle by a controlled orientation of the deformation of a door hinge part in relation to the door pillar . | 4 |
the specification discloses a rotating turbine tower . the tower rotates to maintain the turbine facing into the wind . this allows structure optimization . the tower structure is comprised of a leading edge and a trailing edge , with joining panels between the edge structures . the tower edges are the main structural components of the tower . the separation of the edges tapers to follow the bending moment on the tower , reducing the need to taper material thickness . the tapering shape of the tower structure matches the primary edgewise moment distribution . the tower can be assembled on site from components , thereby facilitating transportation to the tower site . the material properties and shape can be selected based upon the tower maintaining a near constant orientation with the wind . this can save weight and costs . the tower architecture can be of differing shapes such as a triangle or a structure tapering at each end . | 5 |
a dither method converts multi - bit grey level pixel values into an image array of binary level pixel values , wherein the image array is arranged as a raster of scan lines . the method includes the following steps : for each line of grey level pixels , deriving an error value for each grey level pixel of the scan line by finding a difference between a variable threshold value and a grey value of the pixel ; combining the error value with a next - in - line grey level pixel value before deriving an error value therefor ; assigning a first binary value to the pixel if the error value is less than the variable threshold or assigning a second binary value to the pixel if the error value is greater than the variable threshold value ; and deriving the variable threshold values that are compared with grey level pixel values in the scan line , by generating a random value to control generation of the variable threshold value at each pixel site , the random value for each one of a plurality of contiguous scan line evidencing a different value . | 7 |
an electrode comprising a current - conducting base having deposited thereon an active mass of the following composition , in percent by mass : ______________________________________ silica 10 - 90platinum group metal oxides 5 - 45oxides of passivating metals 5 - 45 . ______________________________________ the electrode of this invention is useful as anodes in the production of chlorine and caustic soda , as well as in electrolytic processes of producing chlorates and hyperchlorites . | 2 |
an underfill formation technique for leds molds a reflective underfill material to encapsulate led dies mounted on a submount wafer while forming a reflective layer of the underfill material over the submount wafer . the underfill material is then hardened , such as by curing . the cured underfill material over the top of the led dies is removed using microbead blasting while leaving the reflective layer over the submount surface . the exposed growth substrate is then removed from all the led dies , and a phosphor layer is molded over the exposed led surface . a lens is then molded over the leds and over a portion of the reflective layer . the submount wafer is then singulated . the reflective layer increases the efficiency of the led device by reducing light absorption by the submount without any additional processing steps . | 7 |
the adjustable air inlet for clothing is of particular value to those wearing heavy protective clothing in warmer conditions , such as motorcyclists wearing leather protective apparel . the adjustable air inlet is installed in a passage through the clothing where it may be aligned with ambient airflow , e . g ., along the forearm , upper thigh , shoulder , or on the back of a glove or on a boot . inner and outer flanges are installed along the edges of the hole , the outer flange securing a resilient scoop over the hole . a duct is preferably provided from the trailing end of the scoop within the clothing to an area of the body that is most benefited by the airflow . the scoop is normally open , but may be closed by a latch extending from the forward part of the outer flange . a cooling insert may be installed within the scoop for additional comfort . | 0 |
We describe results of a planetary defense exercise conducted during the close approach to Earth by the near-Earth asteroid (99942) Apophis during 2020 December-2021 March. The planetary defense community has been conducting observational campaigns since 2017 to test the operational readiness of the global planetary defense capabilities. These community-led global exercises were carried out with the support of NASA's Planetary Defense Coordination Office and the International Asteroid Warning Network. The Apophis campaign is the third in our series of planetary defense exercises. The goal of this campaign was to recover, track, and characterize Apophis as a potential impactor to exercise the planetary defense system including observations, hypothetical risk assessment and risk prediction, and hazard communication. Based on the campaign results, we present lessons learned about our ability to observe and model a potential impactor. Data products derived from astrometric observations were available for inclusion in our risk assessment model almost immediately, allowing real-time updates to the impact probability calculation and possible impact locations. An early NEOWISE diameter measurement provided a significant improvement in the uncertainty on the range of hypothetical impact outcomes. The availability of different characterization methods such as photometry, spectroscopy, and radar provided robustness to our ability to assess the potential impact risk. | 9 |
Young transiting exoplanets (<100 Myr) provide crucial insight into atmospheric evolution via photoevaporation. However, transmission spectroscopy measurements to determine atmospheric composition and mass loss are challenging due to the activity and prominent stellar disk inhomogeneities present on young stars. We observed a full transit of V1298 Tau c, a 23 Myr, 5.59 R<SUB>⊕</SUB> planet orbiting a young K0-K1.5 solar analog with GRACES on Gemini North. We were able to measure the Doppler tomographic signal of V1298 Tau c using the Ca II infrared triplet (IRT) and find a projected obliquity of λ = 5° ± 15°. The tomographic signal is only seen in the chromospherically driven core of the Ca II IRT, which may be the result of star-planet interactions. Additionally, we find that excess absorption of the Hα line decreases smoothly during the transit. While this could be a tentative detection of hot gas escaping the planet, we find this variation is consistent with similar timescale observations of other young stars that lack transiting planets over similar timescales. We show this variation can also be explained by the presence of starspots with surrounding facular regions. More observations both in and out of the transits of V1298 Tau c are required to determine the nature of the Ca II IRT and Hα line variations. | 9 |
an electrical connector mountable to a substrate . the electrical connector comprises a housing , and a surface mount contact and hold down both secured to the housing . the hold down may be a surface mount hold down . a ball grid array connector comprising a housing , a plurality of contacts secured to the housing , a plurality of fusible elements secured to the contacts for mounting the connector to a substrate , and a hold down secured to the housing . the hold down may be a surface mount hold down . a method of mounting an electrical connector to a substrate . the method comprises providing a substrate and an electrical connector having a contact and a hold down , and securing the contact and the hold down to the substrate . the contact may be secured to a surface of the substrate . a method of securing an electrical connector to a substrate . the method comprises providing a substrate and an electrical connector having a contact and a hold down , and mounting the contact to the substrate . the method further comprises balancing the electrical connector on the substrate such that the electrical connector remains substantially parallel to the substrate during the forming of the first and second solder joints . | 8 |
an intravascular catheter with micro spines that penetrate arterial wall to delivery drug or mechanical injury to the vessel wall inducing a “ stent ” like healing process in the vessel . | 0 |
a sprocket assembly for a roller conveyor comprising a hub and a sprocket plate , the hub having a central cylindrical bore for fitting onto a round shaft of a roller , the hub having provisions for rotationally and axially locking it on a shaft in a manner adequate to transmit torque to the shaft and rotationally drive the roller , the sprocket plate having peripheral teeth adapted to be interengaged with a drive chain and a central bore capable of receiving the shaft , the sprocket plate and hub being constructed and arranged to be removably joined together with the centers of their respective bores coincident , said hub and sprocket plate having complementarily shaped radially extending abutting surfaces enabling the sprocket plate to develop torque on the hub by compressive forces developed by the radially extending sprocket plate surfaces against the radially extending hub surfaces . | 5 |
the present disclosure provides methods and apparatuses for building securitization pools . using the methods and apparatus herein , users can more easily create securitization pools . users can set asset properties independent of the way the assets are stored . additionally , users can create expression definitions that are specific to a given deal . also , changes to the expressions can be saved for auditing and reporting purposes . | 6 |
a multi - panel outsert suitable for attachment to the exterior of a product container has two or more longitudinal panels closed upon themselves by transverse folds and secured compactly by adhesive joining a spot on the inside of the outer longitudinal panel to an adjacent , outside portion of the outer panel which encloses and secures thereunder one or more other panels , affording increased printing area for the outsert with decreased likelihood of loss . an aperture through the panel or panels folded inwardly adjacent the outer panel allows such direct attachment of the outer panel to itself to effect the enclosure and securement . | 8 |
a collimator assembly for removing selected radiation output from a specimen . the assembly includes collimator elements with each element having walls comprised of a first material covered by an inner layer of a second material which preferentially absorbs inelastic scattered radiation created in the first material . | 6 |
a dc / ac cold cathode fluorescent lamp inverter circuit includes a transformer with a primary winding and a secondary winding for providing increased voltage to a ccfl , a first and second mosfet switches for selectively allowing direct current of a first polarity and a second polarity to flow through the transformer respectively . the primary and secondary windings of the transformer are electrically coupled to ground . a capacitor divider is electrically coupled to the ccfl for providing a first voltage signal representing a voltage across the ccfl . a first feedback signal line receives the first voltage signal . a timer circuit is coupled to the first feedback signal line for providing a time - out sequence of a predetermined duration when the first voltage signal exceeds a predetermined threshold . a protection circuit shuts down the first switch and the second switch when the first voltage signal exceeds the predetermined threshold after the predetermined duration . | 8 |
The TNG50 cosmological simulation produces X-ray emitting bubbles, shells, and cavities in the circumgalactic gas above and below the stellar discs of Milky Way- and Andromeda-like galaxies with morphological features reminiscent of the eROSITA and Fermi bubbles in the Galaxy. Two-thirds of the 198 MW/M31 analogues inspected in TNG50 at z = 0 show one or more large-scale, coherent features of overpressurized gas that impinge into the gaseous halo. Some of the galaxies include a succession of bubbles or shells of increasing size, ranging from a few to many tens of kpc. These are prominent in gas pressure, X-ray emission, and gas temperature, and often exhibit sharp boundaries with typical shock Mach numbers of 2-4. The gas in the bubbles outflows with maximum (95th pctl) radial velocities of ~100-1500 km s<SUP>-1</SUP>. TNG50 bubbles expand with speeds as high as 1000-2000 km s<SUP>-1</SUP> (about 1-2 kpc Myr<SUP>-1</SUP>), but with a great diversity and with larger bubbles expanding at slower speeds. The bubble gas is at 10<SUP>6.4-7.2</SUP> K temperatures and is enriched to metallicities of $0.5-2~\rm Z_{\odot }$. In TNG50, the bubbles are a manifestation of episodic, kinetic, wind-like energy injections from the supermassive black holes at the galaxy centres that accrete at low Eddington ratios. According to TNG50, X-ray, and possibly γ-ray, bubbles similar to those observed in the Milky Way should be a frequent feature of disc-like galaxies prior to, or on the verge of, being quenched. They should be within the grasp of eROSITA in the local Universe. | 9 |
the invention relates to a unit with variable optical properties , which combines at least one system with variable light transmission / absorption , especially of the electrochromic or viologen type , with at least one system with variable light diffusion , especially of the optical valve type or with liquid crystals . the systems are electrically control - driven in order to modulate in a decorrelated manner the light transmission level and the light diffusion level of the unit . | 1 |
a three axis optical component actuator mechanism is disclosed using two electromagnetic coil actuators and a common stator assembly . in the preferred embodiment the optical component is coupled to the carriage and the carriage is controllable in two axes using electromagnets . a third axis is controllable using a linear motor . the carriage is resiliently mounted within the stator assembly with a plurality of magnetic flux air gaps defined within . advantageously the disclosed three - axis optical component actuation mechanism has a high frequency response as well as inexpensive cost of manufacturing . in an alternative embodiment a three axis electromagnetic coil actuator is shown having precise travel without the need for expensive linear bearing assemblies . | 6 |
an apparatus , system , and means are disclosed for a modular backpressure sensor configured for use with a fluid delivery nozzle . the modular backpressure sensor may be installed and removed using simple tools and may optionally include an activator handle attachment . the system may optionally include a protective end plug for the fluid delivery nozzle . | 1 |
a method and apparatus for cleaning and topping a swath of at least partially cut flattened leafy green sugar cane wherein the apparatus , towed behind a propelling vehicle , is passed over the swath of cane for successively performing the steps of gathering the swath , lifting it from the bround on which it lies , pulling the individual canes top first from the swath , supporting the stalk of each cane as it is pulled from the swath , accelerating the cane rearwardly of the direction of travel of the vehicle , and restraining the top of each cane while continuing to move the stalk rearwardly to cause the top to break away from the stalk . | 0 |
the present invention is drawn to a valve control accessory for use with a dual balloon stent delivery catheter . the accessory device includes a bifurcated fluid line adapted to connect to an inflation device using a proximal luer connector . additional luer connectors at the distal ends of the main fluid line and branched fluid line are engaged to connect to the proximal ends of a bifurcated catheter shaft , allowing the fluid lines to be in fluid communication with a parent and sidebranch balloon respectively . in one embodiment , stopcocks are formed in both the main and sidebranch fluid lines to allow independent or simultaneous expansion of each balloon . a pressure indicator may be placed on either fluid line to indicate which line is under pressure . | 0 |
an electrode structure configured to operate in a discharge lamp and a method to make such an electrode structure are described . the electrode structure includes an electrode head portion comprising a plurality of raised features arranged in a configuration such that an average pitch of the plurality of raised features is at least 105 %. the method includes providing an electrode configured to operate in the discharge lamp and forming raised features on an electrode head portion of the electrode at an average pitch of at least 105 %. | 7 |
an operating device for an electrical appliance with a control panel has a control element for operation through rotary actuation arranged in the control panel , said control element being disposed and mounted in a receptacle behind the control panel . the receptacle has light - conducting and / or light transmitting material in the manner of a light guide , and is illuminated through an led at a posterior end facing away from the control panel and with light apertures provided at another anterior end on the control panel around the control element extending forwardly beyond the control panel . | 7 |
Context. The mass-metallicity relation (MZR) is a powerful tool to constrain internal physical processes that drive the chemical evolution of galaxies. However, the construction of this relation is carried out with field star-forming galaxies in big data surveys where environmental effects are either negligible or not studied in detail. <BR /> Aims: We study the role of galaxy clusters in the MZR and its evolution at z = 0.317 with star-forming members of AC114 (ABELL S1077). The purpose of this work is to understand how both the environmental effects and dynamical events modify the chemical evolution in this galaxy cluster. <BR /> Methods: Spectroscopic VIMOS/VLT data was used to select cluster members and classify the galaxy sample in star-forming and passive galaxies. Gas-phase metallicities were estimated by using the strong-line method O3N2 calibrated on T<SUB>e</SUB>-based oxygen abundances. Available optical and near-infrared photometry from DECaLS DR10 and the VIKING DR4 ESO survey was used to derive the stellar mass of the galaxy sample. <BR /> Results: AC114 is dominated by passive galaxies located in the central region of the cluster, whereas the star-forming members tend to be located outside this region. The constructed MZR from the latter indicates that star-forming galaxies have a lower metal content than foreground galaxies (spanning redshifts up to z = 0.28), and the same or even lower metallicities with respect to background galaxies (spanning redshifts 0.34-0.70). Additionally, it shows a higher scatter of σ = 0.17 dex, consistent with MZRs of galaxy clusters reported in the literature. The MZR at z = 0.317 is downshifted by 0.19 dex on average with respect to local galaxies. Comparing the AC114-MZR with the field MZR at the same redshift, two galaxies are found to be more metal-rich than the field ones by ∼0.10 dex. Likely as a result of ram-pressure stripping, star-forming galaxies deviate more from the MZR than field galaxies at the same redshift. Star-forming galaxies in the cluster are in general metal-poorer than field galaxies at the same redshfit up to ∼0.22 dex, and show a MZR that is slightly shallower in slope compared with that of field galaxies. With a redshift analysis, three substructures were identified: star-forming galaxies in the main component show a higher scatter of 0.20 dex in metallicity than both the front and back ones, with a scatter of 0.07 and 0.11 dex, respectively. Star-forming galaxies located outside the central region of AC114 are driving the shallower slope of the cluster MZR. <BR /> Conclusions: The slightly shallower slope and high scatter of AC114 with respect to foreground and background galaxies in the mass-metallicity plane indicates that galaxies are suffering from environmental and dynamical effects. Ram-pressure stripping and strangulation are likely the main drivers in increasing the metallicities of at least two star-forming members with respect to the field MZR at the same redshift. However, the lower metallicities of the star-forming members, which drive the flatter slope of the AC114-MZR, can be explained by strong metal-poor inflows triggered by galaxy-galaxy interactions. In fact, the downshift reported for these galaxies is consistent with other observations and simulations, as a result of mergers and/or flybys, which dilute the gas-phase metallicities from metal-poor inflows. The mass of a galaxy cluster appears to be a key variable in determining the importance of environmental effects in the evolution of cluster members, where massive galaxy clusters (M<SUB>vir</SUB> > 10<SUP>15</SUP> M<SUB>⊙</SUB>) show changes in the slope of the MZR. <P />Tables A.2-A.4 are available at the CDS via anonymous ftp to <A href="https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr">cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr</A> (ftp://130.79.128.5) or via <A href="https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/686/A81">https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/686/A81</A> | 9 |
the invention relates to the detection or prediction of metastases of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma with the use of gene expression profiles . a gene signature has been identified which is able to detect or predict the occurrence of these metastases better than current clinical methods . part of the invention are micro - arrays comprising this signature and methods for performing the detection and / or prediction . | 8 |
a semiconductor device package which can be readily mounted on a printed circuit board without requiring soldering or intermediate connectors . a supporting substrate has a unique lead frame configuration thereon in which the leads extend around side portions of the substrate and form integral spring contacts projecting from the lower surface of the substrate . the package preferably includes a metallic stud having a head portion mounted in the substrate for receiving a semiconductor device and a rod portion extending from the lower surface of the substrate . the rod portion of the stud can be removably secured in an aperture in a printed circuit board to engage the spring contacts with corresponding conductors on the circuit board . | 7 |
disclosed are steroid nitrite / nitrate ester derivatives of formula i : ## str1 ## wherein , the substituents are as defined in the specification and their use in the treatment of inflammatory diseases . | 2 |
in accordance with the present invention there is provided an obturator for penetrating body tissue which contains a handle and a shaft . the shaft has a proximal end attached to the handle and a distal end extending from it . the handle and shaft are formed from a single piece of molded polymer . a substantially rigid reinforcing member which is formed from a material having a greater rigidity than the molded polymer is disposed along the shaft . | 0 |
We present a quantitative analysis of the low-resolution (~4.5 Å) spectra of 12 late-B and early-A blue supergiants (BSGs) in the metal-poor dwarf galaxy NGC 3109. A modified method of analysis is presented which does not require use of the Balmer jump as an independent T <SUB>eff</SUB> indicator, as used in previous studies. We determine stellar effective temperatures, gravities, metallicities, reddening, and luminosities, and combine our sample with the early-B-type BSGs analyzed by Evans et al. to derive the distance to NGC 3109 using the flux-weighted gravity-luminosity relation (FGLR). Using primarily Fe-group elements, we find an average metallicity of [\bar{Z}] = -0.67 ± 0.13, and no evidence of a metallicity gradient in the galaxy. Our metallicities are higher than those found by Evans et al. based on the oxygen abundances of early-B supergiants ([\bar{Z}] = -0.93 ± 0.07), suggesting a low α/Fe ratio for the galaxy. We adjust the position of NGC 3109 on the BSG-determined galaxy mass-metallicity relation accordingly and compare it to metallicity studies of H II regions in star-forming galaxies. We derive an FGLR distance modulus of 25.55 ± 0.09 (1.27 Mpc) that compares well with Cepheid and tip of the red giant branch distances. The FGLR itself is consistent with those found in other galaxies, demonstrating the reliability of this method as a measure of extragalactic distances. | 9 |
the present disclosure relates to an amino pyran ring derivative and a composition and use thereof , and in particular , to an amino pyran ring derivative represented by general formula or a stereoisomer , a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or a prodrug thereof , a pharmaceutical composition comprising the derivative , and their medical use in the manufacture of a di - peptidyl peptidase iv inhibitor , in formula the substituents are defined the same as those in the specification . | 2 |
the present invention provides an improved process for preparation of 2 - phenyl ethanol . more specifically , the present invention relates to a process for preparing 2 - phenyl ethanol by catalytic transfer hydrogenation of styrene oxide , in the presence of a supported transition metal catalyst . the catalyst system comprises of a palladium supported on silica , alumina , clay or charcoal . | 2 |
We present a review of observational studies of high-mass star formation, based mainly on our own research. It includes surveys of high-mass star-forming regions in various molecular lines and in continuum, investigations of filamentary infrared dark clouds, which represent the earliest phases of massive star formation, detailed studies of individual high-mass star-forming regions, dense cores and disks harboring massive (proto)stars, and associated outflows. Chemistry in these regions is discussed, too. | 9 |
an electronic device includes a first body having a first connector and a second body . a hinge located in the electronic device comprises a first hinge piece fastened to the first body , a second hinge piece fastened to the second body and pivotally coupled to the first hinge piece , and a second connector fastened to the fastened to the hinge piece and electrically connecting to the second body and the first connector individually . | 6 |
Magnetic field emerges at the surface of the Sun as sunspots and active regions. This process generates a poloidal magnetic field from a rising toroidal flux tube, it is a crucial but poorly understood aspect of the solar dynamo. The emergence of magnetic field is also important because it is a key driver of solar activity. We show that measurements of horizontal flows at the solar surface around emerging active regions, in combination with numerical simulations of solar magnetoconvection, can constrain the subsurface rise speed of emerging magnetic flux. The observed flows imply that the rise speed of the magnetic field is no larger than 150 m/s at a depth of 20 Mm, that is, well below the prediction of the (standard) thin flux tube model but in the range expected for convective velocities at this depth. We conclude that convective flows control the dynamics of rising flux tubes in the upper layers of the Sun and cannot be neglected in models of flux emergence. | 9 |
an expandable display including a central member and two end pieces , the central member including fingers extending laterally from each side , the end pieces each having fingers extending laterally towards the central member , the fingers of the end pieces slidingly engaging the fingers of the central member , permitting the width of the display to be varied by relative sliding movement between the central member fingers and the end piece fingers . each of the end pieces may include a hinged back for receiving and holding a display card . the central member may include a clamp at the rear for securing the display to another structure . | 0 |
a system and methods for providing and reclaiming a single use imaging device for sterile environments is disclosed and described . the system may include a single use high definition camera used for general purpose surgical procedures including , but not limited to : arthroscopic , laparoscopic , gynecologic , and urologic procedures , may comprise an imaging device that is a sterile and designed to ensure single use . the imaging device may have a single imaging sensor , either ccd or cmos , encased in a housing . | 6 |
laser apparatus and methods are provided for synthesizing areas of ceramic substrates or thin films , such ceramics as silicon carbide and aluminum nitride , to produce electronic devices and circuits as integral electron circuit components thereof . circuit components such as conductive tabs , interconnects , wiring patterns , resistors , capacitors , insulating layers and semiconductors are synthesized on the surfaces and within the body of such ceramics . selected groupings and arrangements of these electronic circuit components within the substrates or thin films provide a wide range of circuits for applications such as digital logic elements and circuits , transistors , sensors for measurements and monitoring effects of chemical and / or physical reactions and interactions of materials , gases , devices or circuits that may utilize sensors . the electronic elements and components offer the advantages of providing thermal compatibilities vith the substrate , since they are an integral part thereof and consequently are compatible therewith regarding thermal coefficients of expansion and thermal dissipation . | 2 |
an interface with universal serial communication comprises a switching device , a medium device , and a data restoring device for transmitting the data and obtaining the serial communication via one signal line that is inter - strung by afore devices . by simplifying such communication device , the compatibility thereof could be enhanced . moreover , during the data transmission , computation made by an error coefficient and an error beyond value in the switching device allows the transmitted data to be kept within an acceptable noise value , so that the accuracy of the data could be assured . | 6 |
a color processing method has a first conversion process for converting on a fixed basis colorimetry data representative of colorimetry values into cmy color data representative of a combination of values of c , m and y , and a second conversion process for converting the cmy color data obtained in said first conversion process into color data depending on a device . | 7 |
improved process for the production of acetaldehyde dimethyl acetal by reacting methanol with carbon monoxide and hydrogen in the presence of a cobalt - containing catalyst , halogen or a halide as promoter and a 3 - valent phosphorus compound as ligand using a nickel compound as a co - catalyst . | 2 |
a signal recording apparatus is provided which comprises a first recording medium ; a second recording medium ; and a controlling means for providing a difference between a trigger sound issued when a still picture is recorded into the first recording medium and a one issued when a still picture is recorded into the second recording medium . | 7 |
Mainboard to Observe and Maniplulate Organisms (MOMO) | 9 |
a disposal system for used and possibly contaminated needles , scalpels and other medical devices , commonly referred to as &# 34 ; sharps &# 34 ;, comprises a device for safely transporting the devices and a disposal container . the disposal container is provided with a one - way valve for controlling access to the interior of the container . the one - way valve is preferably a paddle wheel having at least one vane mounted in an opening in a wall of the container . in use the medical device is placed on a vane of the paddle wheel and the paddle wheel rotated to drop the device into the storage container . | 0 |
a method , system , and product are described for alleviating router congestion when the router is processing packets transmitted by computer systems having a congestion notification capability . the router marks packets transmitted between a first computer system and a second computer system when the first and second computer systems have the congestion notification capability . the marking indicates that the router is moderately congested . a marked packet is then received by the first computer system . the router then drops packets transmitted by the first computer system when the packets were transmitted subsequently to the receipt of the marked packet . | 7 |
a method of compacting molding sand by using separated and independently controlled gas guiding pipes that are arranged over horizontally spaced locations of the entire surface of the molding sand . this enables independent compression of different features within the mold model and minimizes the energy consumed for compressing molding sand . | 1 |
an ironworker is provided with a powered set of opposed workpiece clamps for accurately locating a workpiece beneath a punch or the like . the preferred form employs a rotary powered , numerically controlled means for moving the clamps . a unique timing - belt drive is provided for moving long workpieces , such as elongated channels or the like , from a rotary powered input . a workpiece clamp is provided with a stationary first workpiece - engaging member and a movable second workpiece - engaging member which is slidable along its longitudinal axis from an extended position where it is closely spaced and aligned above the first workpiece - engaging member to a retracted position where it is moved upwardly away from the first workpiece - engaging member and slid longitudinally rearwardly of the first workpiece - engaging member for lifting or placing a workpiece in position for clamping . | 1 |
a package for storing and shipping semiconductor wafers or memory disks is disclosed . the carrier includes a bottom , a cover and a cassette . an improved closure arrangement is provided that not only secures the cover to the bottom , but also compensates for pressure differentials between the inside and outside of the package and provides for improved drainage during washing operations . | 7 |
an article of footwear including a sole with a stability element constructed of a material and configured for controlling , in a preselected manner , the rotation of the forefoot portion of the article of footwear around the longitudinal axis with respect to the rearfoot portion . | 0 |
phenol silicate compounds and resinous products with free hydroxyl and silicate groups will react chemically with polyisocyanate compounds to produce poly prepolymers and may be cured by use of water to produce a solid / cellular solid reaction product . | 2 |
disclosed herein is a heat sink including : a first region connected to a cooling water introduction part and having a plurality of first pins arranged therein ; and a second region connected to a cooling water discharge part and having a plurality of second pins arranged therein . | 7 |
We examine the connection between the observed star-forming sequence (SFR vprop M <SUP>α</SUP>) and the observed evolution of the stellar mass function in the range 0.2 < z < 2.5. We find that the star-forming sequence cannot have a slope α <~ 0.9 at all masses and redshifts because this would result in a much higher number density at 10 < log (M/M <SUB>⊙</SUB>) < 11 by z = 1 than is observed. We show that a transition in the slope of the star-forming sequence, such that α = 1 at log (M/M <SUB>⊙</SUB>) < 10.5 and α = 0.7-0.13z (Whitaker et al.) at log (M/M <SUB>⊙</SUB>) > 10.5, greatly improves agreement with the evolution of the stellar mass function. We then derive a star-forming sequence that reproduces the evolution of the mass function by design. This star-forming sequence is also well described by a broken power law, with a shallow slope at high masses and a steep slope at low masses. At z = 2, it is offset by ~0.3 dex from the observed star-forming sequence, consistent with the mild disagreement between the cosmic star formation rate (SFR) and recent observations of the growth of the stellar mass density. It is unclear whether this problem stems from errors in stellar mass estimates, errors in SFRs, or other effects. We show that a mass-dependent slope is also seen in other self-consistent models of galaxy evolution, including semianalytical, hydrodynamical, and abundance-matching models. As part of the analysis, we demonstrate that neither mergers nor hidden low-mass quiescent galaxies are likely to reconcile the evolution of the mass function and the star-forming sequence. These results are supported by observations from Whitaker et al. | 9 |
a torque limiter in which grease passages are provided to enable better lubrication of the wearing components . a disconnect nut is also provided to readily enable release of the torque limiter even for very high release sellings to afford greasing as a part of a maintenance regimen . | 5 |
a variable color fiber - optic lighting system for pickup trucks that utilizes an optionally changeable in color light source , disposed within the confines a pickup truck &# 39 ; s tailgate , whose light is directed to a series of fiber - optic cables which , at one end are aligned adjacent the light source , and set out in a configuration corresponding to the trademark of the truck &# 39 ; s vendor at their second end on the exterior of the rear side of the tailgate . | 6 |
a distributed computer system is disclosed that allows shared memory resources to be synchronized so that accurate and uncorrupted memory contents are shared by the computer systems within the distribute computer system . the distributed computer system includes a plurality of devices , at least one memory resource shared by the plurality of devices , and a memory controller , coupled to the plurality of devices and to the shared memory resources . the memory controller synchronizes the access of shared data stored within the memory resources by the plurality devices and overrides synchronization among the plurality of devices upon notice that a prior synchronization event has occurred or the memory resource is not to be shared by other devices . | 6 |
.. . iadd . a bit clock reproducing circuit incorporates a counter for counting pulses of a clock pulse source after the arrival of an edge of a data pulse , at which time the counter is loaded with one of a number of preset values stored in a read - only memory , the contents of which are addressed by the counter output . input data pulses are gated to an output terminal when the counter arrives at a predetermined state . some values loaded into the counter may be the same for various different states of the counter immediately prior to the times when it is preset , and other values loaded into the counter are uniquely associated with the state of the counter at such times . . iaddend . | 6 |
a transport system suited for transporting a turbine engine mounted to an engine docking unit is provided . the transport system is capable of adjusting the attitude of the docking unit in at least the lateral and longitudinal directions relative to the engine to facilitate the loading and unloading of the turbine engine to and from the transport system . | 1 |
an apparatus for vapor deposition including a vapor deposition section to which at least one semiconductor material supply passage and at least one alkoxide material supply passage are connected , first heating means provided for the vapor deposition section and capable of maintaining the temperature thereof higher than that of the alkoxide supply passage , second heating means provided for the semiconductor material supply passage and capable of maintaining the temperature thereof higher than that of the vapor deposition section , and third heating means provided for the alkoxide material supply passage and capable of maintaining the temperature thereof constant , and a process for continuously forming a multilayered film on a substrate . | 2 |
a cylinder head for attachment to a block assembly of an internal combustion engine as a replacement for a conventional cylinder head and its conventional valves and associated mechanical components . the cylinder head includes at least one longitudinally disposed spool with ports therein . when the spool is rotated the ports are rotated in a timed manner to be in communication with fluid intake openings and exhaust openings to permit the inflow of fuel into a cylinder in the block assembly and the exit therefrom of exhuast gasses . the use of a spool with ports eliminates the need for conventional valves , thereby permitting a lighter and smaller cylinder head assembly , as well as enables an engine to operate more efficiently at higher than conventional rpms . | 5 |
A radiation belt model that is based on information theory informed neural network. The model is described in details in Simon Wing, Drew L. Turner, Aleksandr Y. Ukhorskiy1 Jay R. Johnson, Thomas Sotirelis, Romina Nikoukar, and Giuseppe Romeo, "Modeling radiation belt electrons with information theory informed neural network", in press, Space Weather Journal | 9 |
a dc to dc converter includes a comparator , a driver , and a pair of switches . the comparator compares the output voltage with a reference voltage signal and generates a pwm signal . the driver drives the switches so as to force the output voltage to follow the reference signal . in a multiphase architecture , two or more such converter circuits are incorporated to minimize the output voltage ripple and further reduce the recovery time . in a two - phase architecture , two reference signals are phase - shifted by 180 degrees . in an n - phase architecture , the reference signals are phase - shifted by 360 / n degrees . | 7 |
a system for monitoring vital signs of an individual functions in accordance with a predetermined monitoring profile . the profile can be automatically revised by a management system in accordance with vital signs data , monitor operational information and manual inputs from a care provider to form a revised profile . the revised profile can be can be approved and then transferred to the monitoring system . | 6 |
the present application is directed to a zirconia toughened alumina body and process for making the body . the process involves combining tetragonally stabilized zro 2 nanoparticles , mg 2 particles and alumina powder into a mixture . all particles of the mixture are milled , formed into a green compact and then sintered . the final composition of the body includes α - al 2 o 3 toughened with 0 . 5 to 2 . 5 weight percent zro 2 in a stabilized tetragonal form and 0 . 03 to 0 . 10 weight percent mgo . the composition results in an al 2 o 3 body with a density less than 4 . 0 g / cc and strength greater than 50 kpsi . | 2 |
The Automated Landslide Detection Index (ALDI) uses pixel-wise NDVI differencing of Landsat time series within Google Earth Engine accounting for seasonality. Its aim is to recover the locations of landslides triggered by a known event (e.g. earthquake) using freely available archival imagery. Testing for a set of recent large earthquakes suggests that ALDI can identify landslide affected pixels as skillfully as published manually mapped inventories in the majority of cases. This version of ALDI implements the method and uses the parameters described by: Milledge, D.G., Bellugi, D.G., Watt, J. and Densmore, A.L., 2022. Automated determination of landslide locations after large trigger events: advantages and disadvantages compared to manual mapping. Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences. | 9 |
a position indicating system includes : a position indicating device , a first reference device , and a second reference device . the position indicating device includes : a first position indicating module for outputting a first signal ; a second position indicating module for outputting a second signal ; and a selecting module coupled to the first position indicating module and the second position indicating module for selectively driving the first position indicating module to output the first signal or driving the second position indicating module to output the second signal . the first reference device is corresponding to the first position indicating module for receiving the first signal and generating first position information according to a position of the position indicating device . and the second reference device is corresponding to the second position indicating module for receiving the second signal and generating second position information according to a position of the position indicating device . | 6 |
the present invention relates to method and apparatus for preheating pulverous materials , such as glass batch constituents , prior to their introduction into a melting furnace to increase the efficiency and output of the melting installation . the pulverous materials , including a dessicant - type constituent , are passed downwardly through a shell and tube preheater to absorb the contained moisture during their downward travel through the preheater . the inclusion of a dessicant material prevents moisture condensation and build - up of the pulverous material within the tubes , especially in cooler areas , which can cause tube pluggage . the subject invention is of particular utility to the glass industry and especially glass melting furnaces , but is also applicable to other types of furnaces . | 2 |
a catheter includes a proximal section that is inserted into and telescopically movable relative to a distal section . a proximal end of the proximal section is insertable into a urethra of a user and the distal section provides a discharge conduit for urine . the proximal section includes a rear portion , and an exterior surface of the rear portion diverges away from the proximal end to provide a diverging rear transition section that is wider than the proximal end of the proximal section . the distal section includes a front portion and an interior surface of the front portion converges to an opening formed in a front transition end , the opening is narrower than the diverging rear transition section of the proximal section . | 0 |
a method of assaying an endotoxin using the limulus amebocyte lysate component which comprises pretreating whole blood with nitric acid and a surfactant selected from among polyoxyethylene ethers represented by the following formula : ## str1 ## wherein n is an integer of from 8 to 40 ; or : ## str2 ## polyoxyethylene sorbitans , n - alkylglucopyranosides , sodium dodecylsulfate and lithium dodecylsulfate , which enables an efficient and accuate assay of an endotoxin . | 6 |
a topical skin care product is provided that contains therapeutic concentrations of turmeric and other constituents which is colorless upon application to the skin . the product can be used for cosmetic , protective , and healing purposes without staining skin or clothing yellow . | 0 |
a demodulator operates in a multipath channel carrying transmitted symbols . the demodulator receives a signal representing a transmitted sequence , and develops an output sample at a select sampling phase corresponding to a synchronization point . plural hypothetical samples representing plural hypothetical sequences are generated . the output sample is compared to the plural hypothetical samples to determine plural metrics and develop an original estimate of each transmitted sequence based on the hypothetical sequence producing a best metric . the hypothetical samples are compared to the received sample taken at an early sampling phase in advance of the select sampling phase and to the received sample at a late sampling phase delayed from the select sampling phase to determine if a second estimate of the transmitted symbol produces a better metric than the original estimate , and in response to the second estimate producing a better metric adjusting the synchronization point . | 7 |
the inventive mechanism provides fast profiling and effective trace selection . the inventive mechanism partitions the work between hardware and software . the hardware automatically detects which code is executed very frequently , e . g . which code is hot code . the hardware also maintains the branch history information . when the hardware determines that a section or block of code is hot code , the hardware sends a signal to the software . the software then forms the trace from the hot code , and uses the branch history information in making branch predictions . | 6 |
partitioning of a monitored index commences upon receiving a trigger . properties of the index are fetched and analyzed using a pipes analytics engine . a new partitioned index is generated and an alias is assigned to the new partitioned index . the alias is added to a partitioned index alias table . | 6 |
a method of communicating over a wideband communication channel divided into a plurality of sub - channels comprises dividing a single serial message intended for one of the plurality of communication devices into a plurality of parallel messages , encoding each of the plurality of parallel messages onto at least some of the plurality of sub - channels , and transmitting the encoded plurality of parallel messages to the communication device over the wideband communication channel . this abstract is provided for the sole purpose of complying with the abstract requirement rules that allow a reader to quickly ascertain the subject matter of the disclosure contained herein . this abstract is submitted with the explicit understanding that it will not be used to interpret or to limit the scope or the meaning of the claims . | 7 |
Revised translation of Kaluza's historic 1921 paper, "Zum Unitätsproblem der Physik," on 5-dimensional spacetime, used to unify gravity and electromagnetism. This version is based, in part, on a 1984 translation provided by T. Muta, but revised and formatted using LaTeX to closely match the original paper in appearance and pagination. Kaluza's original notation is restored. | 9 |
The spatial distribution of Galactic stars with different chemical abundances encodes information on the processes that drove the formation and evolution of the Milky Way. Survey selection functions are indispensable for analysing astronomical catalogues produced by large-scale surveys. The use of these selection functions in data modelling is more complex when data from different surveys are to be modelled simultaneously. We introduce a procedure for constructing the selection function of a sample of red clump stars that have parallaxes and elemental abundances from the Gaia mission. We separately constructed the selection function of the APOGEE DR17 red clump stars, which depends on very different observables and has a very different spatial coverage. We combined the two surveys and accounted for their joint selection function to provide strong constraints on the radial and vertical density distribution of mono-abundance populations, with Gaia offering a dense coverage of the solar neighbourhood, while APOGEE reaches larger distances near the Galactic plane. We confirm that the radial density profile steepens with increasing metallicity. The combined sample also indicates a metallicity-dependent flaring of the α-poor disc. We provide the code for constructing the Gaia selection function we used in this study through the GaiaUnlimited Python package. | 9 |
We present the UV-to-NIR size evolution of a sample of 161 quiescent galaxies (QGs) with $M_*>10^{10}M_\odot$ over $0.5<z<5$. With deep multi-band NIRCam images in GOODS-South from JADES, we measure the effective radii ($R_e$) of the galaxies at rest-frame 0.3, 0.5 and 1$\mu m$. On average, QGs are 45% (15%) more compact at rest-frame 1$\mu m$ than they are at 0.3$\mu m$ (0.5$\mu m$). Regardless of wavelengths, the $R_e$ of QGs strongly evolves with redshift, and this evolution depends on stellar mass. For lower-mass QGs with $M_*=10^{10}-10^{10.6}M_\odot$, the evolution follows $R_e\sim(1+z)^{-1.1}$, whereas it becomes steeper, following $R_e\sim(1+z)^{-1.7}$, for higher-mass QGs with $M_*>10^{10.6}M_\odot$. To constrain the physical mechanisms driving the apparent size evolution, we study the relationship between $R_e$ and the formation redshift ($z_{form}$) of QGs. For lower-mass QGs, this relationship is broadly consistent with $R_e\sim(1+z_{form})^{-1}$, in line with the expectation of the progenitor effect. For higher-mass QGs, the relationship between $R_e$ and $z_{form}$ depends on stellar age. Older QGs have a steeper relationship between $R_e$ and $z_{form}$ than that expected from the progenitor effect alone, suggesting that mergers and/or post-quenching continuous gas accretion drive additional size growth in very massive systems. We find that the $z>3$ QGs in our sample are very compact, with mass surface densities $\Sigma_e\gtrsim10^{10} M_\odot/\rm{kpc}^2$, and their $R_e$ are possibly even smaller than anticipated from the size evolution measured for lower-redshift QGs. Finally, we take a close look at the structure of GS-9209, one of the earliest confirmed massive QGs at $z_{spec}\sim4.7$. From UV to NIR, GS-9209 becomes increasingly compact, and its light profile becomes more spheroidal, showing that the color gradient is already present in this earliest massive QG. | 9 |
a distributed antenna array comprising a plurality of antenna elements , and a plurality of power amplifiers , each power amplifier being operatively coupled with one of said antenna elements and mounted closely adjacent to the associated antenna element , such that no appreciable power loss occurs between the power amplifier and the associated antenna element , each said power amplifier comprising a relatively low power , linear power amplifier . | 7 |
Dynamical dark energy has been recently suggested as a promising and physical way to solve the 3 sigma tension on the value of the Hubble constant H<SUB>0</SUB> between the direct measurement of Riess et al. (2016) (R16, hereafter) and the indirect constraint from cosmic microwave anisotropies obtained by the Planck satellite under the assumption of a Λ CDM model. In this paper, by parametrizing dark energy evolution using the w<SUB>0</SUB>-w<SUB>a</SUB> approach, and considering a 12 parameter extended scenario, we find that: (a) the tension on the Hubble constant can indeed be solved with dynamical dark energy, (b) a cosmological constant is ruled out at more than 95% c.l. by the Planck +R 16 dataset, and (c) all of the standard quintessence and half of the "downward going" dark energy model space (characterized by an equation of state that decreases with time) is also excluded at more than 95% c.l. These results are further confirmed when cosmic shear, CMB lensing, or SN Ia luminosity distance data are also included. The best fit value of the χ<SUP>2</SUP> for the Planck +R 16 data set improves by Δ χ<SUP>2</SUP>=-12.9 when moving to 12 parameters respect to standard Λ CDM . However, tension remains with the BAO dataset. A cosmological constant and small portion of the freezing quintessence models are still in agreement with the Planck +R 16 +BAO data set at between 68% and 95% c.l. Conversely, for Planck plus a phenomenological H<SUB>0</SUB> prior, both thawing and freezing quintessence models prefer a Hubble constant of less than 70 km /s /Mpc . The general conclusions hold also when considering models with nonzero spatial curvature. | 9 |
a foot stepper exercise machine is composed of a base , two platform elements pivotally secured on the base , and two resilient elements sandwiched between the base and the corresponding platform elements respectively . the resilient elements provide recoiling force for the platform elements and substitute mechanically hydraulic presses so that the structure of the foot stepper is simplified and a user is enabled to selectively operate the foot stepper in different ways while sitting . | 0 |
a drop cloth includes : a sheet of material having a length substantially greater than its width ; and a series of panels , each panel being connected to sheet along the length of the sheet . the panels are generally identical to one another and are equally spaced along the length of the sheet such that , when the drop cloth is applied to a staircase , a first panel of a pair of adjacent panels covers a horizontal section of the stairs and the other panel of the pair of adjacent panels covers a vertical section of the stairs , with a fabric area extending between the pair of adjacent panels and over a nose of a stair . the drop cloth can be used for protection against drips and spills when painting along a staircase . the drop cloth also can be used when painting along a wall of a room . | 1 |
systems and methods for transmitting content to a client via a communication network are provided . according to one embodiment , an insertion server running within a firewall device of a network observes a content request of an application protocol by monitoring or proxying transport communication protocol connections established through the firewall device . the content request is originated by a client device coupled to the network , directed to a destination device coupled to the network and associated with one of the multiple transport communication protocol connections . responsive to observing the content request , the insertion server determines whether one or more conditions are satisfied . if so , the content request is negated by causing a canceling message of the transport communication protocol to be sent to the destination device and unsolicited content is selected and delivered to the client device via the application protocol . | 7 |
decomposition of dialkyl phthalates exposed to coal fly ash is disclosed . alkaline constituents eluted from the fly ash in the liquid phase hydrolyze the dialkyl phthalate . the fly ash acts as not only an adsorber but also as a decomposer . | 0 |
the optimized mine ventilation system of this invention supplements mine ventilation basic control systems composed of plcs or dcss with supervisory control establishing a dynamic ventilation demand as a function of real - time tracking of machinery and / or personnel location and where this demand is optimally distributed in the work zones via the mine ventilation network and where the energy required to ventilate is minimized while totally satisfying the demand for each work zones . the optimized mine ventilation system operates on the basis of a predictive dynamic simulation model of the mine ventilation network along with emulated control equipment such as fans and air flow regulators . the model always reaches an air mass flow balance where the pressure and density is preferably compensated for depth and accounts for the natural ventilation pressure flows due to temperature differences . model setpoints are checked for safety bounds and sent to real physical control equipment via the basic control system . | 4 |
a hydraulic drive system and a bicycle having such system as its drive train , the system including a pump , preferably a vane pump , operably connected to the bicycle pedal crank , the pump delivering pressurized fluid to a hydraulic motor operably connected to the wheel or mechanism to be driven , e . g ., the bicycle drive wheel . the pump has an impeller eccentrically disposed in a housing , and a piston - cylinder mechanism is provided to change the eccentricity of the pump impeller with respect to the pump housing as a function of hydraulic system pressure , to thereby maintain a constant input force , e . g ., pedal pressure , and rotation rate , for a wide range of speeds . the motor also has an impeller eccentrically disposed in a housing , and a spacer bar connected between the pump and motor housings automatically adjusts the motor impeller eccentricity with changes in the pump impeller eccentricity , thereby further maintaining constant pedal pressure and rotation rate for a wide range of speeds . a pretensioned spring opposes the movement of the piston in the cylinder , thereby requiring that a predetermined pedal pressure level be exerted before the pump and motor eccentricities will change . a lever is provided for manually setting , and varying , the pretension of the spring to thereby set the pedal pressure level at which the pump and motor impeller eccentricities will be charged . | 1 |
montgomery multiplication can be computed quickly by using carry save adders and parallel multipliers . we present an enhanced technique for very fast montgomery multiplication that can be used for rsa calculations . this invention utilizes a scalable bit word implementation , suitable for very large bit encryptions . such designs can be deployed on mid - level fpgas that have dedicated multiplier logic , on asics , or on custom circuits . to our knowledge , our technique yields some of the fastest rsa encryption times to be reported , having area requirements similar to related work . such circuits can be ideal for increased security in sensitive communication fields . | 6 |
the invention relates to a scheme for correctly reading data pits with a reader even if an optical recording card is fed slantwise . if the optical recording card is slanted relative to a line sensor for reading the card , the line sensor may ride on two or more data pit columns . however , discriminator pits are formed at the start and end of each data pit column so that the data can be processed after deciding if the optical recording card is disposed slantwise or not . a relatively short data pit column with discriminator pits formed at the start and end thereof is used . a plurality of data pit columns are disposed with a guide bar interposed therebetween . a readout signal from the discriminator pits is used for deciding if the data pit column has been read correctly , whereas a strobe signal read from the guide bar is used for initiating a memory selector . | 6 |
a process and an apparatus for recovering clay and fiber from papermaking sludge . the sludge is dried , milled , and separated into distinct clay and fiber components . the fiber component of the sludge is then used as an alternative fuel source . the clay component can be used as recycle into the papermaking process , a masonry additive , or for any other suitable purpose . | 8 |
an aircraft control surface servomotor control of the pulse width modulation type with precise motor current control for providing precise torque limiting measurements . | 6 |
The central star and its energetic radiation fields play a vital role in setting the vertical and radial chemical structure of planet-forming disks. We present observations that, for the first time, clearly reveal the UV-irradiated surface of a protoplanetary disk. Specifically, we spatially resolve the atomic-to-molecular (C I-to-CO) transition in the IM Lup disk with Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array archival observations of [C I] <SUP>3</SUP>P<SUB>1</SUB>-<SUP>3</SUP>P<SUB>0</SUB>. We derive a C I emitting height of z/r ≳ 0.5 with emission detected out to a radius of ≈600 au. Compared to other systems with C I heights inferred from unresolved observations or models, the C I layer in the IM Lup disk is at scale heights almost double that of other disks, confirming its highly flared nature. C I arises from a narrow, optically thin layer that is substantially more elevated than that of <SUP>12</SUP>CO (z/r ≈ 0.3-0.4), which allows us to directly constrain the physical gas conditions across the C I-to-CO transition zone. We also compute a radially resolved C I column density profile and find a disk-averaged C I column density of 2 × 10<SUP>16</SUP> cm<SUP>-2</SUP>, which is ≈3-20× lower than that of other disks with spatially resolved C I detections. We do not find evidence for vertical substructures or spatially localized deviations in C I due, e.g., to either an embedded giant planet or a photoevaporative wind that have been proposed in the IM Lup disk, but emphasize that deeper observations are required for robust constraints. | 9 |
an absorption type carbon dioxide removal / concentration apparatus has a honeycomb rotor which holds an amine support solid absorbent . the honeycomb rotor is divided into at least a processing zone and a reproduction zone . an enthalpy adjustment device is provided for the air for reproduction and / or the air to be processed . the apparatus can control the carbon dioxide absorbing performance and the concentration performance by passing processing and reproduction air through the corresponding zones . the absorption type carbon dioxide removal / concentration apparatus can remove or condense carbon dioxide , can secure high recovery efficiency and can prevent a thermal deterioration of the amine absorbent to extend the life - span of the apparatus . | 8 |
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