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Release v0.1 Release of the code to get reference for submission. | 9 |
a printing apparatus includes : a nozzle head including a nozzle head main body and a plurality of linear nozzle units for spraying a printing material , the linear nozzle units on one side of the nozzle head main body and elongated in parallel in a first direction ; and a nozzle head driver connected to the nozzle head main body and configured to move the nozzle head in a second direction crossing the first direction . in such a printing apparatus , a dry spot due to a printing time difference may be reduced or prevented , a uniform printing pattern may be formed , printing quality may be improved , and defective products may be reduced . in addition , the effective spacing between separate spray nozzles may be reduced or minimized . | 7 |
The noise in millisecond pulsar (MSP) timing data can include contributions from observing instruments, the interstellar medium, the solar wind, solar system ephemeris errors, and the pulsars themselves. The noise environment must be accurately characterized in order to form the null hypothesis from which signal models can be compared, including the signature induced by nanohertz-frequency gravitational waves (GWs). Here we describe the noise models developed for each of the MSPs in the Parkes Pulsar Timing Array (PPTA) third data release, which have been used as the basis of a search for the isotropic stochastic GW background. We model pulsar spin noise, dispersion measure variations, scattering variations, events in the pulsar magnetospheres, solar wind variability, and instrumental effects. We also search for new timing model parameters and detected Shapiro delays in PSR J0614-3329 and PSR J1902-5105. The noise and timing models are validated by testing the normalized and whitened timing residuals for Gaussianity and residual correlations with time. We demonstrate that the choice of noise models significantly affects the inferred properties of a common-spectrum process. Using our detailed models, the recovered common-spectrum noise in the PPTA is consistent with a power law with a spectral index of γ = 13/3, the value predicted for a stochastic GW background from a population of supermassive black hole binaries driven solely by GW emission. | 9 |
an improvement in purification of scandium through ion exchange chromatography is disclosed in which the oxidation potential of the eluting solution is altered by the addition of potassium chlorate or ammonium chloride so that removal of contaminants is encouraged . the temperature , ph and concentration of the eluent hedta are controlled in order to maintain the scandium in the column while minimizing dilution of the scandium band . recovery of scandium is improved by pumping dilute scandium over the column prior to stripping the scandium and precipitation . this eliminates the hedta ion and other monovalent cations contaminating the scandium band . this method maximizes recovery of scandium while maintaining purity . | 2 |
Millisecond pulsars (MSPs) are abundant in globular clusters (GCs), which offer favorable environments for their creation. While the advent of recent, powerful facilities led to a rapid increase in MSP discoveries in GCs through pulsation searches, detection biases persist. In this work, we investigate the ability of current and future detections in GCs to constrain the parameters of the MSP population in GCs through a careful study of their luminosity function. Parameters of interest are the number of MSPs hosted by a GC, as well as the mean and the width of their luminosity function, which are typically affected by large uncertainties. While, as we show, likelihood-based studies can lead to ill-behaved posterior on the size of the MSP population, we introduce a novel, likelihood-free analysis, based on Marginal Neural Ratio Estimation, which consistently produces well-behaved posteriors. We focus on the GC Terzan 5, which currently counts 48 detected MSPs. We find that about 158 MSPs should be hosted in this GC, but the uncertainty on this number remains large. We explore the performance of our new method on simulated Terzan 5-like datasets mimicking possible future observational outcomes. We find that significant improvement on the posteriors can be obtained by adding a reliable measurement of the diffuse radio emission of the GC to the analysis or by improving the detection threshold of current radio pulsation surveys by at least a factor two. | 9 |
an improvement to lifting devices where a service cable 1 and hoist rope 2 are wound around one another , wherein the load - bearing rope 2 is wound around the cable 1 that is paid off from a cable winch 13 so that when the wound cable and rope 2 leave the device , the higher tension on the rope pulls that into an axial configuration with the service cable 1 helically coiled around it . | 8 |
OSIRIS-REx is the first NASA mission to return a sample of an asteroid to Earth. Navigation and flight dynamics for the mission to acquire and return a sample of asteroid 101955 Bennu establish many firsts for space exploration. These include relatively small orbital maneuvers that are precise to ∼1 mm/s, close-up operations in a captured orbit about an asteroid that is small in size and mass, and planning and orbit phasing to revisit the same spot on Bennu in similar lighting conditions. After preliminary surveys and close approach flyovers of Bennu, the sample site will be scientifically characterized and selected. A robotic shock-absorbing arm with an attached sample collection head mounted on the main spacecraft bus acquires the sample, requiring navigation to Bennu's surface. A touch-and-go sample acquisition maneuver will result in the retrieval of at least 60 grams of regolith, and up to several kilograms. The flight activity concludes with a return cruise to Earth and delivery of the sample return capsule (SRC) for landing and sample recovery at the Utah Test and Training Range (UTTR). | 9 |
an electrical connector for interconnecting a plurality of signals comprises an assembly of a plug and receptacle . the plug includes a housing member having a cavity at its forward end defined by a peripheral wall and a cavity wall , and a rear wall . the housing further includes contact receiving apertures extending between the cavity wall and the rear wall . an insert is locked in place in the forward cavity , the adjacent wall of the insert having standoff feet to define a gap between the cavity wall and insert wall . the insert has apertures in alignment with the apertures in the housing . the apertures within the insert include a shoulder facing the rear wall of the insert . a contact insertable into the apertures in the housing and insert has a lance which is locatable in the gap between the cavity wall and insert wall to lock the contact in place . the receptacle has a right - angled configuration having pins extending from a mounting face for interconnection to a printed circuit board . a second face is mountable to a bulkhead and has three rows of pins mounted in a cavity recessed from the second mounting face for interconnection to a matable plug having socket contacts . the contacts within the receptacle are disposed in three tiers , the contacts being bent around mandrels to form the right - angled bend . below the mandrels is a contact locating plate having contact receiving slots in line with the contacts . the upper and lower row of contacts are laterally aligned with each other and with a first contact receiving slot . the first slot has two widths , and has a rib extending down along the edges of the slot . when the contacts are placed in the slot , the ribs interferingly hold the contacts in place , the second row of terminals is also aligned with a contact receiving slot having ribs for interferingly locking the second row of terminals in place . | 7 |
an interface component for insertion in a certain - sized connection box placed for another component such as a switch or other electrical mechanism . the interface component may bring in new capabilities plus maintain the capabilities of the removed component . the box need not be removed , or if the boxed is removed the structure or space encompassing the box need not be enlarged . further , no new wiring is necessarily needed . this placement or substitution may be particularly applicable to rooms of hotels , motels , and other similar facilities . neither time nor expense of redoing structure to hold a larger box or provide more space or wiring is needed . in many cases , there is not adequate space to add components for providing additional capabilities to a room . | 7 |
disclosed are a multimode terminal that may simultaneously enhance utilization of a device and efficiency of a network by enabling a mobile terminal supporting a plurality of communication schemes to additionally support a relay function , and a method of relaying communication using the multimode terminal . a communication relay method of a multimode terminal according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure includes : searching , by a base station , for terminals that support a plurality of communication schemes ; selecting , by the base station from among the searched terminals , a relay terminal that satisfies a predetermined condition for performing a multimode relay function ; requesting , by the base station , the relay terminal to perform the multimode relay function ; and relaying , by the relay terminal in response to the request of the base station , communication between the base station and a target terminal . | 7 |
in a packet - switched network having a plurality of nodes interconnected by links , pre - defined protection paths provide protection of a selected plurality of links . adjacent nodes connected by a protected link are adapted to detect a failure of the protected link , to encapsulate packets within tunnel packets , to differentiate between tunnel packets and non - tunnel packets and to exchange the tunnel packets via a protection path rather than via the failed link . this results in faster automatic protection switching of packet - based traffic . the invention is particularly suited to an internet protocol network . | 7 |
With a mass of ~1000 M <SUB>⊙</SUB> and a surface density of ~0.5 g cm<SUP>-2</SUP>, G023.477+0.114, also known as IRDC 18310-4, is an infrared dark cloud (IRDC) that has the potential to form high-mass stars and has been recognized as a promising prestellar clump candidate. To characterize the early stages of high-mass star formation, we have observed G023.477+0.114 as part of the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) Survey of 70 μm Dark High-mass Clumps in Early Stages. We have conducted ~1.″2 resolution observations with ALMA at 1.3 mm in dust continuum and molecular line emission. We have identified 11 cores, whose masses range from 1.1 to 19.0 M <SUB>⊙</SUB>. Ignoring magnetic fields, the virial parameters of the cores are below unity, implying that the cores are gravitationally bound. However, when magnetic fields are included, the prestellar cores are close to virial equilibrium, while the protostellar cores remain sub-virialized. Star formation activity has already started in this clump. Four collimated outflows are detected in CO and SiO. H<SUB>2</SUB>CO and CH<SUB>3</SUB>OH emission coincide with the high-velocity components seen in the CO and SiO emission. The outflows are randomly oriented for the natal filament and the magnetic field. The position-velocity diagrams suggest that episodic mass ejection has already begun even in this very early phase of protostellar formation. The masses of the identified cores are comparable to the expected maximum stellar mass that this IRDC could form (8-19 M <SUB>⊙</SUB>). We explore two possibilities on how IRDC G023.477+0.114 could eventually form high-mass stars in the context of theoretical scenarios. | 9 |
The merger rate of stellar-mass black hole binaries (sBHBs) inferred by the Advanced Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO) suggests the need for an efficient source of sBHB formation. Active galactic nucleus (AGN) disks are a promising location for the formation of these sBHBs, as well as binaries of other compact objects, because of powerful torques exerted by the gas disk. These gas torques cause orbiting compact objects to migrate toward regions in the disk where inward and outward torques cancel, known as migration traps. We simulate the migration of stellar mass black holes in an example of a model AGN disk, using an augmented N-body code that includes analytic approximations to migration torques, stochastic gravitational forces exerted by turbulent density fluctuations in the disk, and inclination and eccentricity dampening produced by passages through the gas disk, in addition to the standard gravitational forces between objects. We find that sBHBs form rapidly in our model disk as stellar-mass black holes migrate toward the migration trap. These sBHBs are likely to subsequently merge on short timescales. The process continues, leading to the build-up of a population of over-massive stellar-mass black holes. The formation of sBHBs in AGN disks could contribute significantly to the sBHB merger rate inferred by LIGO. | 9 |
a brush which includes a straight wand defining a major axis ; a flexible core which defines the length of the brush , the core including a first end and a second end , the first end being secured to the wand . a plurality of bristles are inserted radially into this core , the end of the bristles defining an envelope surface of the brush , the envelope surface having a first end and a second end , wherein the core is curved in a plane of curvature and the envelope surface of the brush over at least part of its length has a cross - section of elongate shape in the direction of an axis of greatest length perpendicular to the plane of curvature . | 0 |
Cortical neuroimaging visualization in Python | 9 |
a method for quantifying classification confidence of obstructions applied to a perception mergence system of a vehicular computer in a vehicle . the method includes steps of : the vehicular computer receiving obstruction information of at least obstruction , image information corresponding to the obstruction information and vehicle body signals , and using a classifier to classify them ; calculating a detection result of each range sensor to calculate a existence confidence ; using the existence confidences and precision of the classifier to calculate a classification belief assignment of each range sensor corresponding to each obstruction ; performing mergence calculation on the classification belief assignments to respectively quantify an obstruction classification confidence of all the range sensor corresponding to each obstruction ; and performing a classification ineffectiveness filtering mechanism to exclude the obstruction whose obstruction classification confidence less than a predetermined value . the present invention quantifies the obstruction classification confidence to improve the classification precision . | 6 |
a reproduction device has at least one screen for displaying information , with at least four sound reproduction devices respectively at the corners of the screen , which are separately driven depending on the local screen position of a user - relevant item of information such that direction information relating to the screen information is conveyed to the user by the resulting acoustic signal that is produced by the combined , individual driving , which is perceivable by the user . | 7 |
improvements in a retractor for seat belt are disclosed . the improved retractor for seat belt comprises a particular and simple cam plate having three differently shaped guide surfaces for guiding a ratchet engageable with a ratchet wheel to prevent the webbing taking up rotation of a webbing take - up shaft . | 1 |
the disclosure includes a method , process and apparatus for the conversion of biomass to carboxylic acids and / or primary alcohols . the system may include a pretreatment / fermentation subsystem operable to produce a fermentation broth containing carboxylic acid salts from biomass , such as lignocellulosic biomass . the system may also include a dewatering subsystem operable to remove excess water from the fermentation broth to produce a concentrated product . the system may also includes an acid springing subsystem operable to produce a mixed carboxylic acid product . the system may also include a hydrogenation subsystem operable to produce an alcohol mixture , such as a mixture containing primary alcohols . methods of operating this system or other systems to obtain a carboxylic acid or alcohol mixture are also provided . | 2 |
the powered rolling and crimping device is used to terminate cover crops in a minimum tillage soil conservation system . the device includes a powered crimping mechanism in combination with a crop roller . power is transferred from a tractor power takeoff to a plurality of cam mechanisms via mechanical gearbox . the cam mechanisms raise and lower a crimping bar . as an operator directs a walk - behind tractor across a field of cover crops , a crop roller first flattens the crops and the powered crimping bar crimps the crops , thereby terminating the cover crops without severing the crop stalks disturbing the soil . | 0 |
The enigmatic class of Fanaroff-Riley type 0 (FR0) radio galaxies is emerging as the missing link between the faint yet numerous population of compact radio sources in nearby galaxies and the canonical Fanaroff-Riley classification scheme. This Letter reports the first γ-ray identification of three FR0 galaxies above 1 GeV using more than a decade of the Fermi Large Area Telescope observations. A cumulative γ-ray emission at >5σ significance was also detected from the γ-ray unresolved FR0 sources using the stacking technique, suggesting the FR0 population to be a γ-ray emitter as a whole. The multifrequency properties of the γ-ray-detected sources are similar to other FR0s, thus indicating the high-energy radiation to originate from misaligned jets. Given their large abundance, FR0 radio galaxies are proposed as plausible candidates for IceCube-detected neutrinos and the results presented in this Letter may provide crucial constraints on their γ-ray production mechanism and the origin of cosmic neutrinos. | 9 |
an elongate physical unclonable function is disclosed . the puf has a longitudinal axis and contains a plurality of small magnetic particles . a much larger magnet is positioned on the longitudinal axis to indicate a home position . a low - cost linear translation mechanism may be used to read the puf by referencing position information to the home position . other devices are disclosed . | 6 |
the present invention relates to thiazolidinedione derivatives of omega - 3 fatty acids as insulin sensitizers , and their use in treating type2 diabetes , obesity , hypertriglyceridemia , cardiovascular diseases , metabolic diseases , inflammation , renal anemia , and / or alzheimer &# 39 ; s disease : and for modulating activity of peroxisome proliferator - activated receptors . | 2 |
a flexible wiring board is provided having a wiring structure which can reduce transmission loss by reducing impedance mismatching even if being folded in a three - dimensional manner . in a flexible wiring board 10 having a characteristic impedance control circuit 20 , the flexible wiring board has a planar projection shape of a folded spot 20 a in the characteristic impedance control circuit after folding in an arc state along a tangent . | 7 |
a method of manufacturing a stable nanosuspension for delivery of a biologically active agent into the bloodstream of a subject is disclosed . a microfluidizable mixture is initially formed and processed via a microfluidization process to form the stable nanosuspension , which may be administered via the buccal mucosa or other suitable routes of administration . this product demonstrates increased bioavailability , enhanced period of onset , and enhanced stability for a controlled - release product . | 8 |
a handheld transceiver providing separate selective communications links for transmission and reception on a single carrier frequency by means of independent carrier and sub - audible tone frequencies in transmit and receive modes . a carrier frequency synthesizer functions as a local oscillator and direct fm modulator , and a continuous tone - coded squelch system generates and detects sub - audible tones that are transmitted simultaneously with voice information on a carrier wave . the carrier frequency synthesizer and the ctcss tone detector / generator operate at frequencies independently determined by data stored in a programmable read only memory such that each channel can be programmed to have a unique carrier and ctcss tone frequency in both transmit and receive modes . | 7 |
a base station detects that an end - user has turned on an on / off switch on the base station , and in response , the base station transfers a registration request to a service node over an ip network . the service node processes the registration request to register the base station . the base station exchanges wireless telephony signals with a plurality of end - user communication devices , wherein the wireless telephony signals transport end - user communications . the base station and the service node exchange ip packets over the ip network , wherein the ip packets transport the end - user communications . the service node processes the end - user communications to provide a telephony service to the end - user communication devices , but the service node does not provide the telephony service to end - user communication devices through the base station until the base station registration is complete . | 7 |
a control system for controlling an adjustment device which is operated by electric motor in a motor vehicle includes an indirect anti - trapping system for detecting a trapping situation between an adjustment element , which is moved by the adjustment device in an adjustment movement along an adjustment path , and a vehicle element . the anti - trapping system stops or reverses the adjustment movement of the adjustment element if a defined threshold value for a mechanical running parameter — which results from the adjustment movement is exceeded . the anti - trapping system operates with an analysis unit for analyzing the adjustment movement of the adjustment element , wherein the control system is configured and embodied in such a way that by means of the analysis unit , in an analysis mode , the running parameters of the adjustment device can be checked for mechanical functional faults of the adjustment device . | 4 |
a lift fan for use in short takeoff and vertical landing aircraft is disclosed and claimed . the lift fan is driven by bleed air from a main engine of the aircraft and may be controlled by an electromagnet . this eliminates the drag and torque on the main engine and reduces fuel cost and engine wear . | 1 |
methods for detecting disease in a patient are disclosed . the methods involve administering to the patient a quantum dot - analyte conjugate , which includes an analyte that binds to a marker for the disease in the patient &# 39 ; s gastrointestinal tract . the analyte is conjugated to a quantum dot having a characteristic emission wavelength . using an endoscopic modality , a physician can illuminate portions of the patient &# 39 ; s gastrointestinal tract and detect the presence of the marker based on emission of the quantum dot . also disclosed are methods of predicting a response to a treatment in a patient . | 0 |
a combination of a locknut and key therefor , the locknut including a body portion having a face thereon and a curvilinear groove of predetermined configuration in the face , a thread on the body portion , the thread including a frustoconical lead - in portion terminating at an extremely short cylindrical helical thread portion , a key housing having an internally threaded end portion which can be centered on the lead - in portion and thereafter threaded onto the cylindrical threaded portion of the locknut , the key having a key head with a flange of curvilinear configuration for mating engagement with the groove in the locknut , the key head being mounted on a shank on which the housing is rectilinearly slidable , a spring in the housing for biasing the key head toward the locknut when the housing is centered on the the locknut and which forces the flange into the groove as the housing is threaded onto the locknut , and a wrench - receiving head on the shank for turning the key head after the housing is securely mounted on the locknut . | 5 |
system and computer - implemented method of permitting or arbitrating encrypted electronic transactions to occur among an intermediary and an author in an electronic data system only when an interaction occurs between the author and a candidate who was exposed by the intermediary to data published by the author . the author publishes criteria about a candidate , and the candidate posts information about the candidate , which is ingested and married to personally identifiable information about the candidate . a score is calculated indicating a correlation between the candidate and the published criteria , and an intermediary exposes the candidate to the criteria , which is tracked . when the candidate completes an interaction with the author , an encrypted transaction is permitted to occur between the author and the candidate through a proxy , without the author knowing the identity of the intermediary who facilitated the introduction . | 7 |
the jammer response circuitry of the present invention operates to control correlation circuitry in a gps receiver based on an occurrence of a transmission from a wireless transmitter , thereby avoiding performance degradation in th gps receiver due to interference caused by the transmission . in general , the jammer response circuitry activates a control signal during the transmission , thereby temporarily stopping the operation of the correlation circuitry . more particularly , the accumulation of results of a correlation of a received signal with a generated frequency and a generated code having numerous time offsets is temporarily stopped when the control signal is activated and resumes operation when the control signal is deactivated . | 6 |
diffsims is an open source library focussed on the simulation of diffraction patterns. This patch release fixes bugs with the simulation of precession electron diffraction patterns and tests the code against python version 3.9. For further details, see the CHANGELOG. It is safe to upgrade from other versions in the 0.4.x series to this version as all of the changes implemented are non-breaking. | 9 |
the present invention relates to an improved cattle management method utilizing a franchised cattle management system licensed to contract cattle producers . the contract grower contract producers manage cattle according to given production guidelines from the franchiser that increases the carcass value at sale . the cattle producer retains a profit from the increased market value of the cattle produced according to the franchisor &# 39 ; s cattle production method . the franchiser receives a royalty from the contract cattle producer with little or no capital expenses or costs associated with the maintenance and production of the cattle herd operated by the contract cattle producer . | 0 |
one end of the device is connected to a container in which the loose objects are stored , and optionally the other end connected to a cap for receiving the dispensed objects . the inventive device comprises a female and a male parts arranged coaxially . the female part is fixed and is used to collect , organize , and move the objects , and to store the same in a waiting line in one or more chute , while the male part is rotatable and is used to effect a single - unit removal of the objects to be dispensed by means of rotation in one direction of the other . | 1 |
an unpressurized heater for water or another liquid includes a shell which may be substantially filled with liquid to be heated and within which is immersed a fire box which delivers hot combustion products through fire tubes above the fire box which are themselves surrounded by the liquid contained in the shell . the fire box may be fired by gaseous , liquid or solid fuel . a secondary heat exchanger or heat exchangers within the shell also immersed in the liquid can receive salt water or other fluid which is heated proportionally to the temperature of the liquid in the shell and is circulated through a diver &# 39 ; s suit and is ultimately returned to the sea after warming the diver . back - up heating elements are included for diver applications along with required controls and instrumentation in dry compartments . built - in fuel storage tanks complete a self - contained system . | 1 |
the disclosure is directed to an improved random access memory . more particularly to improved bit selection circuitry for use in an array preferably employing unclamped cts type memory cells . | 6 |
a ski boot including a shell base with a sole on its bottom , and a calf , the calf being adapted to accommodate the leg of a skier and being pivotably mounted to the shell base along a first pivot axis . the shoe further includes at least one vertical extension extending from the shell base , the calf being pivotably secured along a second pivot axis on the extension . | 0 |
a method for liquid spill containment utilizes a collapsible and reusable spill containment bag which is flexible and includes a main body portion and a tubular extension portion at the upper end thereof . the extension portion which can be folded or inserted into the main body portion enhances the storage capacity of the bag and may form a closure for the upper end of the bag . engagement means are provided on both the main body portion and the extension portion . in using the bag , the engagement means are used to suspend the bag in various positions on a tanker truck with a liquid transport system to receive or contain a leak . the containment bag may also be utilized to collect liquid leaking from a drum or barrel . | 8 |
Recent results of the KASCADE-Grande experiment provided evidence for a mild knee-like structure in the all-particle spectrum of cosmic rays at E=10<SUP>16.92±0.10</SUP>eV, which was found to be due to a steepening in the flux of heavy primary particles. The spectrum of the combined components of light and intermediate masses was found to be compatible with a single power law in the energy range from 10<SUP>16.3</SUP> to 10<SUP>18</SUP>eV. In this paper, we present an update of this analysis by using data with increased statistics, originating both from a larger data set including more recent measurements and by using a larger fiducial area. In addition, optimized selection criteria for enhancing light primaries are applied. We find a spectral feature for light elements, namely, a hardening at E=10<SUP>17.08±0.08</SUP>eV with a change of the power law index from -3.25±0.05 to -2.79±0.08. | 9 |
online communications are susceptible to high levels of fraud or other unauthorized communications . online sources of information about goods , including business - to - business resources , marketplace web sites , custom retail web sites , and the like may knowingly or unknowingly transmit communications representing counterfeit goods as genuine , communications regarding overstock goods at low prices without production and commission costs , and solicit customers anonymously . in some embodiments of the present disclosure , electronic information sources are monitored using data metrics to track electronic retailer activities , monitor distribution volumes by source , and monitor pricing . analysis of such communications may be used to detect potentially fraudulent activity , and , based on manufacturer policy and threshold settings , may automatically report , notify , or take action against such illicit communications . | 6 |
in a contact connecting of preferably a number of shielded conductor pairs to a board in particular of a plug for high - speed data connections , the board is formed of multiple layers and contains a conductor path tier and a ground tier . a ground contact zone of the ground tier projects , in a tongue - like manner , towards the connected conductor pairs . in the region of the ground contact zone , the individual conductor pairs are pressed in contact against the corresponding pair shielding thereof . to this end , in particular a clamping element is provided that is also used to achieve the shield contacting . | 7 |
a method and system is provided for calculating a number of wedges for a slot in a dynamoelectric machine . the method includes the steps of providing a computer that is programmed to perform a method for calculating , which includes the steps of acquiring a length of the slot , acquiring a length of one or more wedges , and calculating a number of wedges required for the slot . the number of wedges required for the slot is displayed on a display device . | 7 |
a plastic extruded building material component such as picket fence or skirting component . the building material component is profile extruded to have texturing and color streaking to simulate a wood building material . a unique mechanism for dispersing and melting the streaking and texturing agents is provided for extruding the product . | 1 |
A new analysis of high-resolution data from the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array for five luminous or ultraluminous infrared galaxies gives a slope for the Kennicutt-Schmidt (KS) relation equal to {1.74}<SUB>-0.07</SUB><SUP>+0.09</SUP> for gas surface densities Σ<SUB>mol</SUB> > 10<SUP>3</SUP> M <SUB>⊙</SUB> pc<SUP>-2</SUP> and an assumed constant CO-to-H<SUB>2</SUB> conversion factor. The velocity dispersion of the CO line, σ <SUB> v </SUB>, scales approximately as the inverse square root of Σ<SUB>mol</SUB>, making the empirical gas scale height determined from H∼ 0.5{σ }<SUP>2</SUP>/(π G{{{Σ }}}<SUB>mol</SUB>}) nearly constant, 150-190 pc, over 1.5 orders of magnitude in Σ<SUB>mol</SUB>. This constancy of H implies that the average midplane density, which is presumably dominated by CO-emitting gas for these extreme star-forming galaxies, scales linearly with the gas surface density, which in turn implies that the gas dynamical rate (the inverse of the freefall time) varies with {{{Σ }}}<SUB>mol</SUB>}<SUP>1/2</SUP>, thereby explaining most of the super-linear slope in the KS relation. Consistent with these relations, we also find that the mean efficiency of star formation per freefall time is roughly constant, 5%-7%, and the gas depletion time decreases at high Σ<SUB>mol</SUB>, reaching only ∼16 Myr at Σ<SUB>mol</SUB> ∼ 10<SUP>4</SUP> M <SUB>⊙</SUB> pc<SUP>-2</SUP>. The variation of σ <SUB> v </SUB> with Σ<SUB>mol</SUB> and the constancy of H are in tension with some feedback-driven models, which predict σ <SUB> v </SUB> to be more constant and H to be more variable. However, these results are consistent with simulations in which large-scale gravity drives turbulence through a feedback process that maintains an approximately constant Toomre Q instability parameter. | 9 |
We present observations of fields containing eight recently discovered binary millisecond pulsars using the telescopes at MDM Observatory. Optical counterparts to four of these systems are detected, one of which, PSR J2214+3000, is a novel detection. Additionally, we present the fully phase-resolved B, V, and R light curves of the optical counterparts to two objects, PSR J1810+1744 and PSR J2215+5135 for which we employ model fitting using the eclipsing light curve (ELC) model of Orosz & Hauschildt to measure the unknown system parameters. For PSR J1810+1744, we find that the system parameters cannot be fit even assuming that 100% of the spin-down luminosity of the pulsar is irradiating the secondary, and so radial velocity measurements of this object will be required for the complete solution. However, PSR J2215+5135 exhibits light curves that are extremely well constrained using the ELC model and we find that the mass of the neutron star is constrained by these and the radio observations to be M <SUB>NS</SUB> > 1.75 M <SUB>⊙</SUB> at the 3σ level. We also find a discrepancy between the model temperature and the measured colors of this object, which we interpret as possible evidence for an additional high-temperature source such as a quiescent disk. Given this and the fact that PSR J2215+5135 contains a relatively high mass companion (M <SUB>c</SUB> > 0.1 M <SUB>⊙</SUB>), we propose that similar to the binary pulsar systems PSR J1023+0038 and IGR J18245-2452, the pulsar may transition between accretion- and rotation-powered modes. | 9 |
prefabricated exterior panels and slab foundation systems are disclosed for use in an integrated simple design procedure for use in low - energy use buildings . the panels include a frame formed from conventional framing methods , an inner layer of sheathing fastened to an outer side of the frame , a layer of insulation adhered to an outer surface of the inner layer of sheathing without using fasteners , and an outer layer of sheathing adhered to an outer surface said layer of insulation without using fasteners . sets of panels are formed with openings for windows or doors . jigs are used for constructing the panels including corner panels . | 6 |
the invention relates to geophones and / or seismometers utilizing a casing housing a permanent magnet and a coil mass resiliently supported within the casing for movement relative to the permanent magnet along a primary axis , and wherein the mass is movably supported relative to the casing upon diaphragm springs utilizing involute spring elements . undesirable vibrational responses occurring in the diaphragm springs resulting from orthogonal forces are suppressed by partially filling the void within the casing with a damping fluid wherein the several involute spring elements of a spring are immersed or exposed to the damping fluid in varying degrees to damp resonant narrrow band orthogonal vibrations within the spring elements and permit accurate sensing along the primary axis over wide frequency ranges . | 6 |
the present invention provides pyrazine derivatives of formula i and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof , wherein the designation of r 1 , r 2 , r 3 and r 4 is provided herein . the invention also provides syntheses for preparation of such compounds . the invention further provides methods of use of these compounds and pharmaceutical compositions containing them for treatment and / or prevention of diseases and for manufacture of medicaments . these compounds and pharmaceutical compositions have antioxidative and thrombolytic effects , and thus can be used for the treatment and / or prevention of cerebral stroke caused by ischemia , and used for manufacture of medicaments for the treatment and / or prevention of nervous system diseases caused by excessive amount of radicals and / or thrombosis , infectious diseases , metabolic system diseases , cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases , and age - related degenerative diseases . | 2 |
a vibration wave motor includes a housing made up of a base housing member having an inner housing and an outer housing secured on opposite sides thereof to define two chambers . first and second stator members are secured to the inner and outer housings in each chamber respectively , and first and second rotor members secured to a spindle rotatably mounted in the housing are disposed in the respective chambers in contact with the first and second stator members , respectively . first and second spring members are provided for pressing the respective rotors and stators together and first and second adjusting members are provided for adjusting the pressure applied by the first and second spring members . | 7 |
chemical agents , such as disulfonamide derivatives of fluorene , anthracene , xanthene , dibenzosuberone and acridine , and similar heterocyclic ring structures , including salts thereof , that act as anti - cancer and anti - tumor agents , especially where such agents modulate the activity of the wnt / β - catenin signaling pathway , and serve to reduce β - catenin levels present in cells , such as cancer cells , or where the agents modulate levels of gene expression in cellular systems , including cancer cells , are disclosed , along with methods for preparing such agents , as well as pharmaceutical compositions containing such agents as active ingredients and methods of using these as therapeutic agents . | 2 |
a novel detector tube structure and method of manufacture are described . the novel manufacturing process carries out the electron scrubbing of the detection surface / material after the container enclosure has already been sealed . in this manner , much of the complex manufacturing equipment typically associated with such detection tubes can be eliminated and large numbers of detectors may be manufactured at the same time . the present invention therefore involves a novel detector tube structure and a new method of manufacture for the same . | 8 |
a liquid crystal display device includes a plurality of liquid crystal cells on a substrate , a plurality of drive lines extending along first and second directions and connected to the plurality of liquid crystal cells , a plurality of pad lines extending from each of the plurality of drive lines at a first angle from one of the first and second directions , and a plurality of pads extending at the first angle and connected to each of the plurality of pad lines for supplying external drive signals . | 6 |
a receiver includes a single infrared sensor , which is coupled to sense an ir signal carrying data and to produce an electrical signal responsively to the ir signal . the receiver further includes multiple receiver channels arranged to accept the electrical signal from the single ir sensor , each receiver channel configured to process the electrical signal in accordance with a different , respective ir remote control protocol so as to extract the data , and to output the extracted data to a host system . | 6 |
a print control method and device , wherein the method includes : monitoring a print system port , storing a print task at a preset memory address in the form of job file when the print task exists at the print system port ; querying the memory address on schedule , determining the target job file when there is a job file storing at the memory address ; querying the printer state , if the printer is idle , sending the target job file ; when the printer is in a state of failure , feeding a failure state prompting information back . the solution queries the printer work state before the job file is sent , feeds the prompting information back when the printer occurs failure , detects the print process state of job files , and performs a processing for failure when a print fails . through the solution , users can know the states of job files in time and missing or omitting of a job file is avoided . | 6 |
a control system is disclosed for a cascade control of a dynamic compressor having a variable speed of rotation to maintain a constant pressure to a process . the method consists of a successive junction of control loops for controlling the speed of rotation , the flow rate of a compressor , the pressure in the delivery or in suction ; the output signal of each outer loop being the input signal for the inner loop and each of the loops containing a compensating element to reduce the effects of large time constants of all inner loops . an automatic control system based on using the above method , distinguished by its great transient and steady state precision in maintaining a main controlled parameter , and by the high reliability of protection of the compressor from surge and from a dangerous increase of the speed of rotation . | 6 |
a molded plastic sliding panel used for covering an exterior building wall surface is made up of a body portion , an attachment portion provided above and adjacent to the body portion , a top locking portion extending horizontally across an upper portion of the sliding panel and a bottom locking portion provided at the bottom of the body portion . the top locking portion is adapted to engage with the bottom locking portion on an upper adjacent siding panel . the attachment portion can contain a plurality of apertures provided therein which sequentially become more elongated as they are positioned toward a side edge of the attachment portion in order to deal with thermal expansion and contraction of the panel . | 4 |
a hair appliance has a hair winding portion extending axially from the end of a handle covered by a flexible sleeve member adapted to be depressed in order to activate a movable part of the hair appliance . the hair appliance is of relatively uniform cross - section along its length and in the case of a curling iron provided with a hair retaining clip biased adjacent the barrel of the curling iron , the clip is provided with a longitudinal extension aligned with the body of the clip , with the extension overlying a recess in the handle and under the flexible sleeve member . the clip is opened by squeezing or depressing the flexible sleeve member to move the extension into the recess . in the case of a curling brush having a rotatable barrel , a similar construction results in the barrel locking mechanism being situated under the flexible sleeve member so that depression of the latter operates the locking mechanism . in the case of heatable appliances , an annularly visible indicating means is provided at the distal end thereof to indicate the power condition of the appliance . | 0 |
redox reactions that occur at the electrodes of batteries require transport of both ions and electrons to the active centers . reported is the synthesis of a block copolymer that exhibits simultaneous electronic and ionic conduction . a combination of grignard metathesis polymerization and click reaction was used successively to synthesize the block copolymer containing regioregular poly and poly segments . the p3ht - peo / litfsi mixture was then used to make a lithium battery cathode with lifepo 4 as the only other component . all - solid lithium batteries of the cathode described above , a solid electrolyte and a lithium foil as the anode showed capacities within experimental error of the theoretical capacity of the battery . the ability of p3ht - peo to serve all of the transport and binding functions required in a lithium battery electrode is thus demonstrated . | 7 |
a novel lipase from a newly - discovered strain of pseudomonas alcaligenes microorganism having an optimum ph for activity of about 10 ± 0 . 5 ; an optimum temperature for activity of about 45 ° to 55 ° c . ; an optimum ph for stability of about 7 . 0 ± 0 . 5 ; a molecular weight as measured by sds - page of about 3 . 0 × 10 4 ; and chemical stability for at least a 60 day mean half - life in the presence of a 10 percent solution of polyoxyethylene lauryl ether in 25 millimolar aqueous calcium chloride . also claimed is a biologically pure culture of the microorganism , and a method for the production of the lipase . also claimed is a lipase characterized by containing an n - terminal amino acid sequence which is gly - leu - phe - gly - pro - ser - gly - tyr - thr - lys - thr - lys - tyr - pro - ile . | 2 |
a structure to couple exterior components of a vehicle includes a first exterior component and a second exterior component located apart from the first exterior component , wherein the first exterior component comprises an upper protrusion configured to overlap the second exterior component , and wherein the first exterior component comprises a side protrusion configured to overlap the second exterior component . a method to couple exterior components of a vehicle includes providing a protrusion about at least a portion of a first exterior component , installing the first exterior component proximal to a second exterior component , overlapping the protrusion of the first exterior component about a at least a portion of the second exterior component , interposing an elastic member between a peripheral surface of the first exterior component and an edge of the second exterior component , and positioning the elastic member beneath the protrusion of the first exterior component . | 1 |
indole derivatives characterized by having a 1 , 3 , 4 , 9 - tetrahydropyranoindole or 1 , 3 , 4 , 9 - tetrahydrothiopyranoindole nucleus with a hydroxyalkanamine or lower alkoxyalkanamine substituent and a lower alkyl group at position 1 are disclosed . the nucleus is optionally further substituted at position 9 and on the aromatic ring . the derivatives are useful diuretic agents , and methods for their preparation and use are also disclosed . | 2 |
the invention relates to a doll house of the collapsible type having a novel design constructed from various panels comprising walls , floors , roofs , etc . and when assembled together form a large house having at least 12 rooms and has a french victorian style . the panels have grooves , slots , holes , etc . whereby they fit together easily and support one another . no tools or screws are required for construction and the parts are locked together tightly in a rigid structure by the simple insertion of a plurality of small pegs in matching holes provided in the various panels . a feature of the doll house is the provision of unique first , second and third floor members in combination with side wall members which provide additional side rooms for the doll house . another feature are unique front steps , porch and balcony arrangement . | 0 |
a method of providing instructions for installing audio or electrical components or products comprises utilizing textual and graphical representations . a system for installing audio or electrical components or products comprises an instruction sheet or manual containing textual and graphical instructions . the textual and graphical instructions are presented in a clear and concise format so that a user can readily comprehend and understand the instructions . | 6 |
character input apparatus includes : touch screen ; first keypad information database storing information on first keypad ; second keypad information database storing information on second keypad ; first keypad generation unit displaying the first keypad including character key on the touch screen during character input mode ; first key touch recognition unit acquiring character code corresponding to first key from the first keypad information database and invoking second keypad generation unit , when the first key is sensed on the first keypad ; the second keypad generation unit generating the second keypad including character keys related to the first key by invocation by the first key touch recognition unit , and displaying the second keypad on the touch screen ; and second key touch recognition unit acquiring character corresponding to touch movement action from the second keypad information database and displaying the character on the touch screen , when the touch movement action is sensed on the second keypad . | 6 |
a trenched field effect transistor is provided that includes a semiconductor substrate , a trench extending a predetermined depth into the semiconductor substrate , a pair of doped source junctions , positioned on opposite sides of the trench , a doped heavy body positioned adjacent each source junction on the opposite side of the source junction from the trench , the deepest portion of the heavy body extending less deeply into said semiconductor substrate than the predetermined depth of the trench , and a doped well surrounding the heavy body beneath the heavy body . | 7 |
an electrode assembly for use in electrowinning includes a cathode in the form of a plate . the cathode has a pair of parallel vertical edges , and a horizontal bottom edge which runs between the vertical edges and defines respective corners therewith . an edge strip is mounted on each of the vertical edges as well as on the bottom edge . the bottom edge strip has an end at either corner , and each end of the bottom edge strip is in abutment with the lower end of the adjoining vertical edge strip . a corner protector is located at each corner and has a vertical channel which receives the lower end of the respective vertical edge strip , a horizontal channel which receives the respective end of the bottom edge strip , and a cutout which receives the cathode . | 2 |
systems and methods according to the present invention yield milk products having reduced cholesterol . a method according to the present invention includes the steps of adding an edible oil to skim that was separated from whole milk ; standardizing the particle size of the skim - and - oil mixture ; combining the skim - and - oil mixture with homogenized cream that was separated from whole milk ; and separating the oil from the reduced cholesterol cream and skim . a method according to the present invention may further include the steps of separating the reduced cholesterol cream and skim and then recombining them to form a reduced cholesterol milk product having desired properties . | 0 |
The first generation of stars in the Universe is yet to be observed. There are two leading theories for those objects that mark the beginning of the cosmic dawn: hydrogen burning PopulationIII stars and Dark Stars, objects in thermal and hydrostatic equilibrium made of hydrogen and helium but powered by Dark Matter annihilations. The latter can grow to become supermassive (M~ 10<SUP>6</SUP> M<SUB>⊙</SUB>) and extremely bright (L~ 10<SUP>9</SUP>L<SUB>⊙</SUB>). We show that each of the following three objects: JADES-GS-z13-0, JADES-GS-z12-0, and JADES-GS-z12-0 (at redshifts z in [11,14]) are consistent with a Supermassive Dark Star interpretation, thus identifying, for the first time, Dark Star candidates. So far, the spectra obtained with NIRSpec for those three objects is too noisy to identify any features besides the Lyman break that confirms them as high redshift very luminous sources. In this talk we also discuss how one can disambiguate, using spectroscopy, Supermassive Dark Stas from high redshift starburst galaxies. If any of the three Supermassive Dark Star candidates we identified will be spectroscopically confirmed as a Dark Star, this would mark the beginning of a new era in astronomy: the observational study of Dark Matter powered stars. Additionally, this would confirm the annihilating Dark Matter hypothesis. | 9 |
to solve the problems of sending signaling signals between exchanges which are interconnected by links which have no facility for sending signaling signals conforming to the isdn standard , the necessary signaling channel is simulated on a supplementary channel . in this case , the signaling data formatted in accordance with the isdn standard is converted into data formatted in accordance with said other channel on transmission and restored to its original format on reception . it is shown that this approach can overcome the hybrid nature of the links between two exchanges conforming to the isdn standard . the exchanges include software conforming to the isdn standard for which the link between exchanges becomes transparent . | 7 |
Context. Recent observations have revealed organised structures in protoplanetary discs, such as axisymmetric rings or horseshoe concentrations, evocative of large-scale vortices. These structures are often interpreted as the result of planet-disc interactions. However, these discs are also known to be unstable to the magneto-rotational instability (MRI) which is believed to be one of the dominant angular momentum transport mechanism in these objects. It is therefore natural to ask whether the MRI itself could produce these structures without invoking planets. <BR /> Aims: The nonlinear evolution of the MRI is strongly affected by the low ionisation fraction in protoplanetary discs. The Hall effect in particular, which is dominant in dense and weakly ionised parts of these objects, has been shown to spontaneously drive self-organising flows in local, shearing box simulations. Here, we investigate the behaviour of global MRI-unstable disc models dominated by the Hall effect and characterise their dynamics. <BR /> Methods: We validated our implementation of the Hall effect into the PLUTO code with predictions from a spectral method in cylindrical geometry. We then performed 3D unstratified Hall-MHD simulations of Keplerian discs for a broad range of Hall, Ohmic, and ambipolar Elsasser numbers. <BR /> Results: We confirm the transition from a turbulent to an organised state as the intensity of the Hall effect is increased. We observe the formation of zonal flows, their number depending on the available magnetic flux and on the intensity of the Hall effect. For intermediate Hall intensity, the flow self-organises into long-lived magnetised vortices. Neither the addition of a toroidal field nor Ohmic or ambipolar diffusion change this picture drastically in the range of parameters we have explored. <BR /> Conclusions: Self-organisation by the Hall effect is a robust phenomenon in global non-stratified simulations. It is able to quench turbulent transport and spontaneously produce axisymmetric rings or sustained vortices. The ability of these structures to trap dust particles in this configuration is demonstrated. We conclude that Hall-MRI driven organisation is a plausible scenario that could explain some of the structures found in recent observations. | 9 |
a method for displaying a state of a copy pair which is a pair of logical volumes belonging to one or a plurality of storage sub systems connected to a task server , including : monitoring periodically , by a backup management program on the task sever , an operation condition of an application on the task server ; notifying , by the backup management program , a maintenance to a control program on the storage sub system , if the application is on a stop condition at some time ; setting , by the control program which receives the notification , “ on - maintenance ” to an action mode on the storage sub system ; after a maintenance by a user and at time of a restart of the application , checking , by the backup management program , the operation condition of the application and notifying a release of the maintenance to the control program ; and setting , by the control program which receives the notification of the release , the action mode of the storage sub system to a normal condition . | 6 |
a method for a shuttle and car delivery service at a venue . the method comprises the steps of transferring ignition keys for a car in the possession of the customer from the customer to an operator of the service , transporting the customer from the venue to a customer destination , and separately transporting the car from the venue to a car destination . the method provides a way to prevent the customer from driving while incapacitated , without requiring the customer to retrieve the vehicle once the customer is able to operate the vehicle . | 6 |
a visualization device for use with a loading tray includes a frame comprising a floor , a first side wall extending generally perpendicular from the floor , and a second side wall extending generally perpendicular from the floor and spaced from the first side wall . the visualization device further includes a mirror abutting the floor of the frame . a magnifying glass may also be supported by top edges of the first and second side walls , or by runners coupled to the top edges of the first and second side walls . the visualization device may be slideably disposed in a reservoir of a loading tray . | 0 |
The detection of <SUP>6</SUP>Li in Spite plateau stars contradicts the standard big bang nucleosynthesis prediction, known as the second cosmological lithium problem. We measure the isotopic ratio <SUP>6</SUP>Li/<SUP>7</SUP>Li in three Spite plateau stars: HD 84937, HD 140283, and LP 815-43. We use 3D non-local thermodynamic equilibrium radiative transfer and for the first time apply this to high-resolution, high signal-to-noise ratio data from the ultra-stable ESPRESSO/Very Large Telescope spectrograph. These are among the best spectra ever taken of any metal-poor stars. As the measurement of <SUP>6</SUP>Li/<SUP>7</SUP>Li is degenerate with other physical stellar parameters, we employ Markov chain Monte Carlo methods to find the probability distributions of measured parameters. As a test of systematics, we also use three different fitting methods. We do not detect <SUP>6</SUP>Li in any of the three stars, and find consistent results between our different methods. We estimate 2σ upper limits to <SUP>6</SUP>Li/<SUP>7</SUP>Li of 0.7, 0.6, and 1.7 per cent, respectively, for HD 84937, HD 140283, and LP 815-43. Our results indicate that there is no second cosmological lithium problem, as there is no evidence of <SUP>6</SUP>Li in Spite plateau stars. | 9 |
a system is provided for the manufacture of carbon based electrical components including , an ultraviolet light source ; a substrate receiving unit whereby a substrate bearing a first layer of carbon based semiconductor is received and disposed beneath the ultraviolet light source ; a mask disposed between the ultraviolet light source and the carbon based semiconductor layer ; a doping agent precursor source ; and environmental chemical controls , configured such that light from the ultraviolet light source irradiates a doping agent precursor and the first carbon layer . | 1 |
a reclining chair having a seat , backrest , side supports and a reclining mechanism which includes a backrest bracket rigidly affixed to the backrest and pivotably mounted to a side support bracket , the side support bracket being rigidly affixed to a side support . a seat support bracket is rigidly affixed to the seat and pivotably mounted to a side support bracket . a coupler link has one end pivotably connected to the backrest bracket and a second end pivotably connected to the seat support bracket . the axis of rotation of the backrest is located so as to pass approximately through the hips of a chair occupant . further , the linkages are so selected and arranged that the reclining motion and return motion take place by a horizontal translation of the center of gravity of the occupant to minimize the effort required to operate the reclining mechanism through its range of movement . | 0 |
an apparatus for use in conjunction with a metered dose inhaler which includes a novel valve system to aid in the delivery of aerosolized medicament to a subject . the apparatus also includes a novel rotational flow generator to aid in the useable delivery of said medication and avoid its loss either in the apparatus or by non - useful delivery to said subject . | 0 |
an acceleration / deceleration mechanism is installed for a lid body rotatably supported on a main body . the mechanism includes a forcing device for forcing the lid body toward an open direction , a locking device for maintaining a closed state of the lid body relative to the main body in opposition to the force of the forcing device , and an acceleration / deceleration device situated between the lid body and the main body . the acceleration / deceleration device increasing a speed of opening of the lid body at less than a prescribed angle of opening of the lid body , and decreasing the speed of opening in excess of the prescribed angle of opening . | 8 |
compositions for the treatment of acne have an active ingredient in an amount sufficient to inhibit the growth of propionibacterium acnes and , optionally , at least one inactive ingredient , where the active ingredient is selected from the group consisting of green tea extract , grape seed extract , cranberry extract , and mixtures thereof . the compositions may be substantially free of skin - irritating materials . | 0 |
We revisit the population synthesis of isolated radio-pulsars incorporating recent advances on the evolution of the magnetic field and the angle between the magnetic and rotational axes from new simulations of the magneto-thermal evolution and magnetosphere models, respectively. An interesting novelty in our approach is that we do not assume the existence of a death line. We discuss regions in parameter space that are more consistent with the observational data. In particular, we find that any broad distribution of birth spin periods with P<SUB>0</SUB> ≲ 0.5 s can fit the data, and that if the alignment angle is allowed to vary consistently with the torque model, realistic magnetospheric models are favoured compared to models with classical magneto-dipolar radiation losses. Assuming that the initial magnetic field is given by a lognormal distribution, our optimal model has mean strength <log B<SUB>0</SUB>[G]> ≈ 13.0-13.2 with width σ(log B<SUB>0</SUB>) = 0.6-0.7. However, there are strong correlations between parameters. This degeneracy in the parameter space can be broken by an independent estimate of the pulsar birth rate or by future studies correlating this information with the population in other observational bands (X-rays and γ-rays). | 9 |
The operation of the solar dynamo remains an outstanding problem of solar physics owing to continuing uncertainty in the speed and structure of deep-seated convective flows. We discuss the relationship between this aspect of convection and the dynamo. We suggest that observations of the solar poles, coupled with theory and simulation are vital to attain new perspectives on the dynamo. | 9 |
a method and system for cleaning and / or burnishing an article . the article is operated on by a burnishing object having one more cutting edges and one or more heating surfaces . the article rotates relative to the burnishing head and the cutting edges remove asperities from the article . the heating surface can be activated and can optionally protrude from the burnishing head to further reduce roughness of the surface of the article as the article is rotating relative to the head . the cutting edges and heating surfaces can be configured in shape and size to accommodate the article . | 6 |
We present the first systematic analysis of the X-ray variability of Sgr A* during the Chandra X-ray Observatory's 2012 Sgr A* X-ray Visionary Project. With 38 High Energy Transmission Grating Spectrometer observations spaced an average of 7 days apart, this unprecedented campaign enables detailed study of the X-ray emission from this supermassive black hole at high spatial, spectral and timing resolution. In 3 Ms of observations, we detect 39 X-ray flares from Sgr A*, lasting from a few hundred seconds to approximately 8 ks, and ranging in 2-10 keV luminosity from ~10<SUP>34</SUP> erg s<SUP>-1</SUP> to 2 × 10<SUP>35</SUP> erg s<SUP>-1</SUP>. Despite tentative evidence for a gap in the distribution of flare peak count rates, there is no evidence for X-ray color differences between faint and bright flares. Our preliminary X-ray flare luminosity distribution dN/dL is consistent with a power law with index -1.9^{+0.3}_{-0.4}; this is similar to some estimates of Sgr A*'s near-IR flux distribution. The observed flares contribute one-third of the total X-ray output of Sgr A* during the campaign, and as much as 10% of the quiescent X-ray emission could be comprised of weak, undetected flares, which may also contribute high-frequency variability. We argue that flares may be the only source of X-ray emission from the inner accretion flow. | 9 |
The physical and chemical properties of cold and dense molecular clouds are key to understanding how stars form. Using the IRAM 30 m and NRO 45 m telescopes, we carried out a Multiwavelength line-Imaging survey of the 70 μm-dArk and bright clOuds (MIAO). At a linear resolution of 0.1-0.5 pc, this work presents a detailed study of parsec-scale CO depletion and HCO<SUP>+</SUP> deuterium (D-) fractionation toward four sources (G11.38+0.81, G15.22-0.43, G14.49-0.13, and G34.74-0.12) included in our full sample. In each source with T < 20 K and n<SUB>H</SUB> ∼ 10<SUP>4</SUP>-10<SUP>5</SUP> cm<SUP>-3</SUP>, we compared pairs of neighboring 70 μm bright and dark clumps and found that (1) the H<SUB>2</SUB> column density and dust temperature of each source show strong spatial anticorrelation; (2) the spatial distribution of CO isotopologue lines and dense gas tracers, such as 1-0 lines of H<SUP>13</SUP>CO<SUP>+</SUP> and DCO<SUP>+</SUP>, are anticorrelated; (3) the abundance ratio between C<SUP>18</SUP>O and DCO<SUP>+</SUP> shows a strong correlation with the source temperature; (4) both the C<SUP>18</SUP>O depletion factor and D-fraction of HCO<SUP>+</SUP> show a robust decrease from younger clumps to more evolved clumps by a factor of more than 3; and (5) preliminary chemical modeling indicates that chemical ages of our sources are ∼8 × 10<SUP>4</SUP> yr, which is comparable to their free-fall timescales and smaller than their contraction timescales, indicating that our sources are likely dynamically and chemically young. | 9 |
a linear actuator utilizing limit switches to implement reliable and effective travel limit functions . the actuator having a robust construction , lower part count , smaller dimension , and lower assembly cost . | 8 |
the present invention discloses a communication system including a communications network , a multiplicity of communications terminals which are connectable to the communications network and which can be employed by users to communicate via the communications network , the user not necessarily being identified with a given communications terminal , apparatus for monitoring whether or not a user is connected to the communications network irrespective of which of the multiplicity of communications terminals that user is employing , and apparatus for annunciating to a seeking user , currently connected to the communications network via any of the multiplicity of communications terminals , network connection status information relating to other users who are in a set of sought users , which set is definable by the seeking user , and for providing the seeking user connection address information relating to those sought users who are currently connected to the communications network . | 7 |
an improved method , structure and process flow for reducing line - line capacitance using low dielectric constant materials is provided . embodiments in accordance with the present invention form structures for semiconductor devices having a single level of interconnection as well as semiconductor devices having multiple levels of interconnection . in embodiments of the present invention , an initial dielectric structure is formed having a first low - k material overlaid with a standard - k material . in subsequent processing , conductive interconnects are formed and the standard - k material replaced with a second low - k material . in some embodiments of the present invention , the first and second low - k materials are the same material , in some embodiments the first and second low - k materials are different materials . embodiments of the present invention having multiple levels of conductive interconnects are formed by employing methods and materials analogous to those used to form the first level of conductive interconnect and dielectric material disposed there between . embodiments of the present invention employ low - k materials formed by spin - on processes as well as low - k materials formed by cvd processes . | 7 |
TriCCo is a python library for computing connected components on an unstructured triangular grid. It is based on the mathematical method of cubulation, which allows one to map a 2-dimensional triangular grid to a 3-dimensional cubic grid. While the former is unstructured, the latter is structured and so existing connected-component labeling libraries can be used. Thus, by mapping the triangular grid to its cubic counterpart, one can compute connected components by using existing other libaries. TriCCo uses the library connected-components-3d (cc3d) for this. TriCCo is distributed under the GNU General Public License v3.0. v1.0.0 was for submission of the original paper to the EGU journal Geoscientific Model Development v1.1.0 for submission of the revised paper to the EGU journal Geoscientific Model Development | 9 |
elongated thin strip stock is blanked to form interlocking laminas for electric motor or generator rotors or stators at successive blanking stations . at a final assembly station the laminas are stacked and pressed into interlocking relationship . in response to an operator input a predetermined number of reversals , or half turns about the stack axis of the previously stacked lamina are provided in order to compensate for nonuniform strip thickness to obtain a rotor or stator of substantially uniform height . alternatively the thickness of the strip stock is gauged at transversely spaced points on the strip to determine cross feed thickness variation in the strip whereupon the stacked laminas are automatically provided with a number of reversals about the stack axis in response to a thickness differential that would result in a parallelism error in the stack that exceeds a predetermined amount . rotor conductor slots are formed in the stacked laminas and are skewed to the stack axis by providing arcuate indexing of each lamina relative to the next preceding lamina in the stack by an arcuate increment that is automatically determined in response to operator entered inputs relative to the stack height , the skew angle , nominal lamina thickness and skew direction . | 8 |
the invention concerns a method for obtaining and selecting monoclonal antibodies by an addc - type test , said antibodies capable of activating type iii fcy receptors and having a particular glycan structure . the inventive anti - d antibodies can be used for preventing rhesus isoimmunisation in rh negative persons , in particular for haemolytic disease in a new - born baby of for uses such as idiopathic thrombocytopenic pupura 9itp ). | 2 |
a fluid tinting method includes : determining a preselected quantity of a colorant to be dispensed into a container to achieve a desired final color ; determining a time required to dispense the preselected quantity of the colorant based on a flow characteristic of a dispensing apparatus ; and operating the dispensing apparatus for the time determined . an apparatus for carrying out the tinting method includes one or more colorant sub - systems each including an apparatus for creating a flow of a colorant and a colorant valve which receives the colorant . the colorant valve is moveable between a first position which prevents colorant flow to a container , and a second position which allows colorant flow to the container . a control system is operable to move the colorant valve to the second position for a preselected period of time based on a preselected quantity of colorant to be dispensed . | 1 |
graphical user interface for filtering a population of items . the graphical user interface may be implemented as a method on a system comprising a computer server or other computing device . the system defines a library of available criteria to be used in filtering a population of items to identify items of interest . each criterion has a graphical representation . the system receives an indication of at least one of the criterion to be applied to the population as a filter and also accepts an indication of a tier of the filter to which the selected criterion is to be associated . the system identifies a list of items of interest satisfying a current set of criteria defining the filter . a graphical representation of the filter is displayed by the system while it is being constructed by the user . in one embodiment , the items are securities such as stocks . | 6 |
a small light - weight battery operated calibrator device provides a precise sine wave output for use in calibration of test equipment , such as a rf power meter or a spectrum analyzer . the calibration device includes two power levels , one − 40 dbm and one 0 dbm . the purpose of the two power levels is to obtain a slope and offset for correction of the rf power measuring device being calibrated . operation indication led lights are provided to indicate which of the two powers are in use , and if battery power is below acceptable levels . miniature low power components including a crystal oscillator and a divide by 2 integrated circuit that generates a precise square wave and a low pass filter for converting the square wave into a precise sine wave allows the calibrator to be battery operated and stored as a calibration component . | 7 |
The tight interband correlation and the lag-wavelength relation among UV/optical continua of active galactic nuclei have been firmly established. They are usually understood within the widespread reprocessing scenario; however, the implied interband lags are generally too small. Furthermore, it is challenged by new evidence, such as that the X-ray reprocessing yields too much high-frequency UV/optical variation and that it fails to reproduce the observed timescale-dependent color variations among the Swift light curves of NGC 5548. In a different manner, we demonstrate that an upgraded inhomogeneous accretion disk model, whose local independent temperature fluctuations are subject to a speculated common large-scale temperature fluctuation, can intrinsically generate the tight interband correlation and lag across the UV/optical and be in nice agreement with several observational properties of NGC 5548, including the timescale-dependent color variation. The emergent lag is a result of the differential regression capability of local temperature fluctuations when responding to the large-scale fluctuation. An average speed of propagations as large as ≳15% of the speed of light may be required by this common fluctuation. Several potential physical mechanisms for such propagations are discussed. Our interesting phenomenological scenario may shed new light on comprehending the UV/optical continuum variations of active galactic nuclei. | 9 |
three - dimensional nonvolatile memory devices include a substrate having a well region of second conductivity type therein and a common source region of first conductivity type on the well region . a recess is provided , which extends partially through the common source region . a vertical stack of nonvolatile memory cells are provided on the substrate . this vertical stack of nonvolatile memory cells includes a vertical stack of spaced - apart gate electrodes and a vertical active region , which extends on sidewalls of the vertical stack of spaced - apart gate electrodes and on a sidewall of the recess . gate dielectric layers are provided , which extend between respective ones of the vertical stack of spaced - apart gate electrodes and the vertical active region . the gate dielectric layers may include a composite of a tunnel insulating layer , a charge storage layer , a relatively high bandgap barrier dielectric layer and a blocking insulating layer having a relatively high dielectric strength . | 7 |
High-resolution radio observations of nearby active galactic nuclei have revealed extended, limb-brightened structures in their inner jets. This ties in with other multiwavelength observations from radio to X-ray and gamma ray, indicating that a structured jet model is required. While electrons need to be kept energized to account for the observed features, the underlying particle acceleration mechanism is still unclear. We explore the role of stochastic Fermi-type particle acceleration, i.e., classical second-order Fermi and shear acceleration, for understanding the multiwavelength observations of the inner jets of M87. An analytical Fokker–Planck description is adopted to infer characteristic spectral indices and cutoff energies for these two mechanisms. We focus on electron synchrotron radiation as the dominant emission process. We find that the multiwavelength observations of M87 can be satisfactorily accounted for in a framework, where the X-rays are produced at a larger distance from the core than the radio emission region. This provides further support to multizone, broadband emission modeling. We use our findings to also comment on the acceleration of cosmic rays entrained in the sheath. | 9 |
a shield for protecting a keyboard assembly includes a one - piece resiliently flexible membrane having a generally planar base overlaying a deck portion of the keyboard assembly , and one or more raised bubbles formed in the membrane and configured to envelope an entire key array or separate or combined key clusters of the keyboard assembly . in a particularly preferred form , a raised bubble enveloping an alpha - numeric and format / command key cluster includes grooves configured to surround and form - fit only alphabetical , numeric , punctuation and symbol keys of the cluster . thus , a shield adapted for use on the keyboard assembly selected from numerous keyboard assemblies having different key configurations is attained . | 6 |
an integrated and self - contained suspension assembly having a gas spring integrated with a shock absorber is described . the rigid gas cylinder of the air spring is divided into a first gas chamber and a second gas chamber . a flow port connects the first and second gas chambers , and can be manually opened or closed by valve and a simple one - quarter turn rotation of an external knob to instantly switch the gas spring between two different spring rates . the different spring rates are functions of the separate or combined volumes of the two . gas chambers . the integrated suspension assembly is compactly packaged and self - contained , i . e ., does not require any externalities , such as gas sources or electricity , to operate . | 1 |
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