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after a maximum noise rise for a cell is set , a maximum noise rise for each mobile station is allocated within the cell . the actual noise rise from each mobile station within the cell is measured at a base station and signaled to a network . when the cell uses enhanced dedicated channel , the contribution to noise rise of e - dch signaling is determined and received signal code power at the base station is measured . the rscp measurement is decoded to determine contributions from mobile stations within and outside the cell ; contributions from mobile stations within the cell are calculated ; and the network is notified of the measured noise rise . in addition a compensation value may be applied to compensate for temperature induced noise . | 7 |
disclosed is a network interface device for connecting network wiring to a subscriber &# 39 ; s wiring at a subscriber &# 39 ; s premises , the network interface device having a door covering a test jack , with means for connecting the network wiring to the subscriber wiring when the door is closed and connecting the network wiring to the test jack when the door is open . | 7 |
apparatus and methods to control laser duty cycle are disclosed . according to one example , a driver circuit may include a duty cycle adjustment circuit , an output stage configured to receive an input signal having a duty cycle and a replica output stage configured to receive the input signal and to produce an output signal that is coupled to a duty cycle adjustment circuit . in such an arrangement , the duty cycle adjustment circuit is configured to affect the duty cycle of the input signal . | 7 |
a method of manufacturing a poly - crystalline silicon film includes the steps in which an excimer laser anneals an amorphous silicon film deposited on a glass substrate and makes the same into the poly - crystalline silicon while the glass substrate is moved in a moving direction relative to the laser . prior to carrying out the annealing step , a couple of the laser pulses are applied to different places of the a - si film , provided that each of the laser pulses has different energy fluence and one pulse at a time is applied to the a - si film . the pulse applied area is divided into two sections by a reference line perpendicular to the moving direction of the glass substrate . average grain sizes of the p - si film in the two sections are compared to each other to determine the moving direction . | 2 |
the present invention provides a filter device constructed of a combined ladder and lattice filter topology . the filter device synergistically combines the good features of both types of filters . using the filter device , an integrated unbalanced - to - balanced filter device can be realized . accordingly , a substantial decrease in the number of components can be achieved . furthermore , the filter device can be integrated with further components , preferably active rf - components , on a single chip . | 7 |
a cutter for removing chips from wood has a rotary carrier whose peripheral surface is formed with rearwardly and inwardly inclined recesses for permanent magnets which attract plate - like blades having cutting edges which extend radially outwardly beyond the peripheral surface of the carrier . the blades consist of magnetic material and are attracted to the permanent magnets . the magnets have dovetailed projections extending into complementary grooves of the carrier . each blade is urged against the respective magnet by a spring - biased wedge in the respective recess , and the inner edge of each blade bears against a plate - like abutment which is attracted to the respective magnet . | 8 |
a fresh air inlet for an aircraft features a ram air inlet with a ram air inlet opening , a secondary air inlet opening separate from the ram air inlet and a movably mounted flap . the flap can be moved into a first or second position , and essentially covers the secondary air inlet opening in the first position and at least partially opens the secondary air inlet opening and extends away from the aircraft body in the second position to shield the ram air inlet opening from foreign matter in the air . the secondary air inlet reduces the pressure loss of the air inlet on the ground or during flight phases with relatively slow speed due to the enlarged cross - sectional surface . the ram air inlet can be optimized for cruising phases , and the energy expenditure for any downstream compressors and flow - induced noises can be considerably reduced . | 1 |
an attachment system to fasten a power system to a frame of a loader is discussed . the frame has a proximal end , a distal end , and first and second opposing sides . the power system has an engine , and an arrangement of one or more hydraulic pumps attached to the engine . the attachment system has first and second connection points positioned in close proximity to a center of gravity of the power system relative to the direction between the proximal and distal ends of the loader . the attachment system also has a third connection point positioned distally from the first and second connection points , wherein the positions of the first , second and third connection points connect the power system to the frame to allow most of the weight of the power system to be loaded onto the first and second connection points . | 8 |
XTANT-3: X-ray-induced Thermal And Nonthermal Transitions Version: XTANT-3 (update 25.04.2024) Most up-to-date version available at: https://github.com/N-Medvedev/XTANT-3 A hybrid code aimed at modeling femtosecond X-ray-induced effects in matter. The code combines the following methods into one model with feed-backs: a) Monte Carlo (MC) method for modeling X-ray-induced electron kinetics b) Boltzmann equation for low-energy electrons: relaxation-time approximation (RTA) for electron-electron scattering; Boltzmann collision integrals (BCI) for nonadiabatic electron-ion (electron-phonon) coupling c) Transferable tight binding (TB) for tracing electronic structure and interatomic forces d) Molecular dynamics (MD) for tracing atomic response to modification of the interatomic potential due to electronic excitation e) Kubo-Greenwood (or Random phase approximation, RPA) for calculation of the optical properties and electronic heat conductivity of the material The detailed manual can be found here: N. Medvedev "XTANT-3: X-ray-induced Thermal And Nonthermal Transitions in Matter: theory, numerical details, user manual" (2023) https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2307.03953; Disclaimer This code is work in progress, anything might change without a notice, bugfixes and patches are expected! Although we endeavor to ensure that the code XTANT and results delivered are correct, no warranty is given as to its accuracy (for details, see GPL-3.0 license). This code was developed for non-commercial peaceful purposes only, such as research and education. XTANT family of codes: XTANT-3 is a separate development from XTANT+ [1], the two codes should not be confused. Although both grew out of the original XTANT code, years of independent development since then resulted in many differences in their philosophy, global structure, models used, and functionality. For XTANT+, you may consult its developers: V. Lipp, B. Ziaja. [1] https://xm.cfel.de/research/scientific_software/xtant_amp_xtant/ Update notes: Bugfixes (including those making system more stable in NPH simulation) Improvements (including new options in input and output) | 9 |
this invention is a system that monitors many performance parameters and many aircraft operational parameters , and broadcasts this information along with aircraft identification , audio , video , global positioning and altitude data , to a world wide two - way rf network . this information is monitored and recorded at a remote , centralized location . at this location , this information is combined with archived data , atc data , weather data , topological data , map data , and manufacturers &# 39 ; data . analysis of this combined data allows identification of problems and generation of advisories . six types of advisories are generated : maintenance , safety of flight , flight efficiency , flight separation , safe to fly and safe to take off . in the event of a crash the remotely recorded data provides an instant indication of the cause of the crash as well as where the crashed plane can be found . use of this invention allows replacement of the current , on - board flight data recorders thus saving costs and weight . having the recorded data at a remote site eliminates the need to search for flight data recorders . other advantages are back - up for atc radar position data , better control of aircraft separation , improved flight efficiency , and allowing use of simpler and lower power radar . | 8 |
an automated beverage brewing system includes a liquid storage tank and a metering chamber . the metering chamber is at least partially submerged beneath a standing level of liquid in the storage tank . the chamber includes a sealable liquid inlet port communicating with the interior of the storage tank beneath the standing level of liquid . the chamber also includes a liquid outlet port and an aperture that receives compressed air , wherein the compressed air forces liquid from the liquid output port of the chamber for use in preparing a brewed beverage . a pump provides the compressed air and a controller monitors a pressure signal value indicative of the air pressure in the metering chamber . the controller commands the pump on to commence flow of liquid from the metering chamber . the controller then commands the pump off several seconds after detecting a drop in air pressure within the chamber . a baffle is affixed to the distal end of a shaft , which is moved between a first and second position . in the second position the baffle seals a section of the storage tank to form the metering chamber . the system may also include a second brew pump that allows a user to customize the quantity of liquid delivered from the brewing system for a stronger brewed beverage . | 0 |
This version is used in the paper 'E2N: Error Estimation Networks for Goal-Oriented Mesh Adaptation'. This release is specifically created to document the version of Thetis used in a particular set of experiments. Please do not cite this as a general source for Thetis. See https://thetisproject.org/publications.html for how to cite Thetis in your work. | 9 |
the dustproof cabinet disclosed features a lattice framework in which a plurality of members are interconnected via their ends in sets of three , at least , by way of modular joints which , together with the members , create frames around the external openings of the lattice ; each opening is then enclosed closed by a dustproof panel . the joints exhibit ribs or channels which , together with similar ribs or channels incorporated into the members , provide each frame with the mounting for a seal that occupies the entire periphery of the relative frame and offers a frontal abutment to the panel covering the relative opening . | 0 |
a control system for portable control of a rotary - wing aircraft includes a portable , hand - held , control device executing a control application , the control device operating in a loaded mode when a load is attached to the rotary - wing aircraft and an unloaded mode when no load is attached to the rotary - wing aircraft , the control device presenting command icons in response to being in loaded mode and unloaded mode ; a vehicle management system in the rotary - wing aircraft ; a sensor package on the rotary - wing aircraft ; and a communication system providing communications between the control device and the rotary - wing aircraft , vehicle management system and sensor package ; wherein the control device communicates commands to the vehicle management system to implement loading and unloading of the rotary - wing aircraft . | 6 |
an illuminating headlamp consisting of a headband and at least one optical device providing illumination at a known distance from said optical device attached to said headband . each optical device consists of a housing having an open first end and an open second end . there is a light emitting device attached to a mounting which is attached to the second end causing said light emitting device to be orientated at a known angle to an axis of said housing . at least one optically transparent lens is incorporated into said first end , and a means for adjusting said optically transparent lens in order to cause a focal point of the lens to be positioned behind said light emitting device , wherein a zone of substantially uniform illumination is projected at said known distance . | 5 |
water - based mixtures that can be applied to substrates to produce infra - red sensitive layers with hydrophilic surfaces , which may be switched by image - wise exposure in an infrared imaging plate - setter to give oleophilic printing areas , for producing processless offset lithographic printing plates . | 2 |
a method for casting - in - place composite and / or non - filled structures which are useful as sorptive or reactive media or for size - based separations . any particular housing size or configuration can be used , and the inclusion of a large amount of adsorptive particles in polymer is achieved while still maintaining the membrane three dimensional structure . in a first preferred embodiment , the composite structures comprise particles entrapped within a porous polymeric substrate , and are cast in - place into a housing such as a pipette tip , thereby providing an effective platform for micromass handling . with the appropriate selection of particle chemistry , virtually any separation or purification operation can be conducted , including selective bind / elute chromatography operations , on sample mass loads less than 1 microgram in volumes of a few microliters , as well as larger mass loads &# 39 ; and volumes . the present invention also encompasses the composite structures as well as sample preparation devices containing the same . in a second preferred embodiment , self - retaining , self - supporting structures are cast in situ in a suitable housing and can be used for size - based separations wherein the cast structure acts as a semi - permeable barrier . the present invention also encompasses these structures as well as housings containing these structures . | 1 |
a candle with an embedded item and methods for manufacturing same are disclosed . a method for manufacturing a candle having an embedded item can include providing a first set of items of a first value and a second set of items of a second value different from the first value , combining the two sets to create a third set , and distributing the items of the third set among a set of candles , one item per candle , where the presence , nature , or value of the item within the candle is obscured . the method can further include selling the candles for a first price , wherein , the presence of the embedded item , the nature of the embedded item , the value of the embedded item , or the value of the embedded item relative to the first price is not known to the purchaser . the embedded item can comprise an object redeemable for a prize . | 5 |
a log charger system employs scan data to precisely orient a log rotationally prior to presenting the log to a carriage for sawing operations or the like . once the log is rotated to the desired orientation , a v - shaped member picks the log up from underneath and moves it to the carriage . the v - shaped member has a lower - able or minimize - able side profile to enable it to retract away from the log , leaving it clamped to the carriage for further operations . | 1 |
a safety vest is claimed and described . in preferred embodiments , the vest includes a front panel formed from a first section and a second section . the vest also includes a donning fastener having a first and second side . the first donning fastener side connects to the first section of the front panel . the vest also includes a safety fastener having a first safety fastener side and a second safety fastener side . in most embodiments , the first side of the safety fastener is positioned on the second donning fastener side . the second safety fastener side is connected to the second section of the front panel . the vest can be donned , secured , and removed with the donning fastener and , because of safety fasteners , will safely break away from a wearer under tension . | 0 |
the invention relates to industrial microbiology , in particular to fermentation technology and especially to fermentation methods for filamentous microorganisms , in particular , filamentous microorganisms such as actinomycetes . the present invention discloses a method for improving the production of a product of interest in a liquid culture of filamentous microorganisms comprising providing the filamentous microorganisms with an agent for altering the morphology of microstructures of the filamentous microorganisms . the invention also relates to a method for improving the production of a product of interest in a liquid culture of filamentous microorganisms comprising altering in the filamentous microorganisms the expression level or copy number of an endogenous agent for altering the morphology of microstructures of the filamentous microorganisms . the invention further provides multiple methods for obtaining a filamentous microorganism with altered , preferably enhanced , fragmentation characteristics . however , a filamentous microorganism with reduced fragmentation characteristics is also included . | 2 |
the mobile station to base station access in a cellular radio system is a classical problem of random multiple access using a shared common channel . many multiple access protocols have been invented in the past with varied degrees of success in improving the throughput of the multiple access channel . the current invention is a new multiple access protocol which enhances the throughput and reduces the access delay by providing feedback of the detailed status of the access channel from the base station to the mobile station . the feedback mechanism and multiple access protocol are also applicable to other types of radio or wire - based channels . | 7 |
a protective packaging for eggs comprising a containing part and a covering part , said parts being superimposable and , interchangeable , including a top wall , a bottom wall and two opposed lateral walls , and being obtained from flat , single piece punched members that are distinct and separated or hinge - connected and being , provided with fastening members in the superimposed condition ; each of which has a predetermined number of complementary half - housings for eggs , and which in the superimposed condition of said containing and covering parts constitute complete housing suitable for supporting eggs therein in a shock - free manner and in a spaced relationship with respect to said top , bottom and lateral walls . | 1 |
When a star undergoes core collapse, a vast amount of energy is released in a ~10 s long burst of neutrinos of all species. Inverse beta decay in the star's hydrogen envelope causes an electromagnetic cascade which ultimately results in a flare of gamma rays - an "echo" of the neutrino burst - at the characteristic energy of 0.511 MeV. We study the phenomenology and detectability of this flare. Its luminosity curve is characterized by a fast, seconds-long, rise and an equally fast decline, with a minute- or hour-long plateau in between. For a near-Earth star (distance D<1 kpc) the echo will be observable at near future gamma ray telescopes with an effective area of 10^3 cm^2 or larger. Its observation will inform us on the envelope size and composition. In conjunction with the direct detection of the neutrino burst, it will also give information on the neutrino emission away from the line of sight and will enable tests of neutrino propagation effects between the stellar surface and Earth. | 9 |
a method , article of manufacture , and apparatus for efficiently processing information . in some embodiments , this includes determining a physical appliance to virtualize , creating a virtual appliance based on the physical appliance , and storing the virtual appliance in a storage array . in some embodiments , creating the virtual appliance includes creating the virtual appliance from a template . | 6 |
Major scientific questions and research opportunities are described on 10 unprioritized plasma astrophysics topics: (1) magnetic reconnection, (2) collisionless shocks and particle acceleration, (3) waves and turbulence, (4) magnetic dynamos, (5) interface and shear instabilities, (6) angular momentum transport, (7) dusty plasmas, (8) radiative hydrodynamics, (9) relativistic, pair-dominated and strongly magnetized plasmas, (10) jets and outflows. Note that this is a conference report from a Workshop on Opportunities in Plasma Astrophysics (WOPA, https://w3.pppl.gov/conferences/2010/WOPA/) in January 2010, that attracted broad representation from the community and was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, National Science Foundation, American Physical Society's Topical Group for Plasma Astrophysics and Division of Plasma Physics, and Center for Magnetic Self-Organization in Laboratory and Astrophysical Plasmas. Although there has been much planning and many developments in both science and infrastructure since the report was written, most of the motivation, priorities, problems and technical challenges discussed therein remain unaddressed and are relevant at the time of posting. | 9 |
a computer - readable medium having stored thereon an image decoding program which , when executed by a computer , performs image decoding , wherein synthesizing a prediction image is performable using a positive rounding method and a negative rounding method for interpolating intensity values of pixels ; wherein the interpolation of intensity values of pixels is performed using a rounding method specified by the rounding method information ; wherein the rounding method information is included in coded information of the currently decoded image ; wherein the rounding method information specifies one of two values ; wherein one of the two values specifies a positive rounding method , and another one of the two values specifies a negative rounding method ; and wherein the rounding method information consists of one bit . | 6 |
a sensor circuit device for detecting an open circuit to an electronic component is disclosed . the sensor circuit includes a detector circuit operatively coupled to the electronic component , with the electronic component drawing a known current and with the detector circuit including an energy storage component . a charging circuit is arranged to charge the energy storage component , and a processing system is operatively coupled to the detector circuit . the processing system is arranged to monitor the voltage across the energy storage component , and the processing system determines the fault status indicative of an actual current drawn by the electronic component . | 8 |
a suction - restricted radial piston pump is described , in particular for use with automotive vehicles . the pump delivers a flow constant over a broad speed range and involving low losses in output and generating only negligible noise . in one embodiment , a control slot , on the pressure side , is subdivided into several grooves which at least in part are in communication , through check valves , with the pressure connection . an alternative embodiment provides a shape of the pressure - sided control slot in which the introducing end thereof is comparatively narrow to reduce noise at a high speed and the outlet - sided end thereof with a wider width sufficient to meet the required output . according to a third embodiment , the suction - sided slot is provided with a narrow width section and a subsequent wider width section . | 5 |
a lateral double diffused metal oxide semiconductor device , and method of fabricating such a device , are provided . the method comprises the steps of : providing a substrate of a first conductivity type ; forming within the substrate a well region of a second conductivity type , the well region having a super steep retrograde well profile in which a doping concentration changes with depth so as to provide a lighter doping concentration in a surface region of the well region than in a region below the surface region of the well region ; forming a gate layer which partly overlies the well region and is insulated from the well region ; and forming one of a source region and a drain region in the well region . the presence of the ssr well region provides a lighter surface doping to enable a higher breakdown voltage to be obtained within the ldmos device , and heavier sub - surface doping to decrease the on - resistance . | 7 |
a video coding method includes for each target image portion to be encoded , selecting a preferred one of a set of encoding modes by optimizing a function comprising an estimate of distortion and a measure of bit rate required to encode the target image portion , the encoding modes comprising at least an intra frame mode and an inter frame mode ; and transmitting the encoded video stream over a lossy channel . the estimate of distortion is based on a contribution from possible new loss over the channel comprising possible loss of the target block , and on a contribution from possible past loss over the channel comprising possible loss in a history of the encoded video stream upon which decoding of the target portion depends . the method includes accumulating the contribution from past loss over time , such that the estimate of distortion grows irrespective of the contribution from new loss . | 7 |
disclosed are methods , circuits , systems and associated computer executable code for detecting the presence of a mobile computing device in a specific area . included are means for receiving a message from the mobile device including a coarse location indicator , determining that the received coarse location indicator is in proximity with one or more local stations , and causing at least one of the one or more local stations to transmit a mobile device specific poling signal to the device . | 7 |
a method is provided for forming items from ecoceramic - based silicon - carbide . a wood preform is machined to a general shape having over - or undersized dimensions . the preform is pyrolyzed to transform the wood of the preform to a porous , carbonaceous material that retains the general shape of the preform . the preform is then machined to final , net - shape dimensions and immersed in liquid silicon or silicon alloy that penetrates and infuses the preform . the infused preform is held at a temperature sufficient to cause the transformation of the material in the preform to silicon carbide , completing formation of the item . also provided is a method of forming ecoceramic - based tooling and composite components using the tooling . | 2 |
a stator sub - assembly comprises : a coil bobbin which is composed of a cylinder having a winding of a magnet wire therearound , and a terminal block provided with terminal pins connected to lead wires of the winding and coupled stator yokes housing said coil bobbin therein and having a cutout for allowing the terminal block to protrude therethrough . the cutout has a width adapted to allow the terminal block to circumferentially shift rotationally about the center of an axial direction of the coil bobbin . | 7 |
the invention relates to a method of preserving shellfish using a modified atmosphere which is rich in oxygen and which contains a second main nitrogen component , such as to preserve the live bivalve shellfish and safeguard the quality of said food for as long as possible throughout the marketing and sales process . the shellfish sales packaging must be full and well compacted , for which purpose , the units must be perfectly inserted during the filling operation using a vibrator , such that the bivalve shellfish cannot open their valves and lose intervalvular liquid throughout the sales process . the invention relates to the most popular bivalve on the market in terms of sales and price and , as a result , is of particular interest to the mussel industry . | 0 |
an image processing apparatus and method which revises a certain region of a scanned image to meet a user demand . the image processing method includes displaying a scanned image by scanning an scanning object , selecting a plurality of regions of the displayed scanned image , setting an image process to be performed on the selected regions and generating a final image by performing the set image process on the selected regions . | 7 |
apparatus and methods for repairing damaged tendons or ligaments . various repair apparatus include an elongate tensile member and a pair of anchor assemblies connected for movement along the tensile member on either side of a repair site , such as a tear or laceration . the anchor assemblies or structures may take many forms , and may include barbed , helical , and crimp - type anchors . in the preferred embodiments , at least one anchor structure is movable along the elongate tensile member to assist with adjusting a tendon segment to an appropriate repair position and the anchor structure or structures are then lockable onto the elongate tensile member to assist with affixing the tendon at the repair position . tendon and / or ligament - to - bone repair apparatus and methods employ similar concepts . | 0 |
the heating apparatus for applying heat to the interior of a chamber includes a modular , removable , electrical , heat - producing unit and a heat pipe mountable in a wall of the chamber with one end of the pipe arranged to receive heat from the electrical heat producing unit exterior of the housing and with another end of the pipe constructed and arranged to apply heat to the medium within the chamber . the heat pipe has high conductivity with a low temperature differential between the ends thereof and the heat producing unit includes an electric coil positioned about and removably secured to the one end of the heat pipe . the electric coil is embedded in a high thermal conductivity , low electrical conductivity filler material which is surrounded by a low thermal conductivity insulating jacket and which is received around a metal core member which is removably secured to the one end of the heat pipe . | 5 |
the present invention relates to pressure sensitive adhesive compositions prepared from novel anionic block copolymers of aromatic vinyl compounds and conjugated dienes . the block copolymers are a mixture of a high molecular weight linear and / or radial block copolymer component , and a diblock copolymer component . the block copolymer may be combined with other block copolymers , tackifying resins , oils and other components to form the adhesives of the present invention . the pressure sensitive adhesives of the present invention maintain their performance at elevated temperatures and fail cohesively making them particularly useful for die - cuttable label applications . the pressure sensitive adhesives compositions may also comprise ester plasticizers typically used for pvc and thus make adhesives particularly suitable for pvc film labels and decals . | 2 |
we have developed a female condom and applicator apparatus that makes female condom easier to apply and more comfortable to use throughout the entire process . several embodiments take advantage of traditional female tampon applicator structure and existing female condom design . this is easier for female users to adopt due to their already familiarity with similar device and their usage . one design has the applicator on the inside of the female condom which makes the applicator reusable . another design has the entire female condom tucked inside the applicator , with the condom inner ring inside the applicator outer tube and condom outer ring inside applicator &# 39 ; s inner ring . another design has strings attached to the condom outside ring to keep it from moving or make noise . the device provides a low cost , easy to use , no side - effects , and ready - for - mass adoption solution for the market . | 0 |
a fishing lure box is disclosed which can be mounted in a fixed position on a fishing rod , but which can be easily separated therefrom . the lure box is removably attached to an attachment device which is fixed to the fishing rod , especially by a convenient sliding action along a rod segment or along a beam portion having an engaging flange . | 0 |
an actuator comprising a motor for rotating a shaft connected via a gear train to an output device ; an interrupter vane connected to the output device and adapted to travel in a path corresponding to the movement of the output device ; and at least two interrupter switches , such as opto - interrupter switches , spaced apart from one another along the path of the interrupter vane at locations corresponding to travel limits of the output device . a controller energizes the motor in response to a command signal and de - energizes the motor in response to an indication from one of the interrupter switches that the output device is at or approaching one of the travel limits . the actuator may be a rotary or linear actuator , and may be particularly well - suited for avionics applications . | 5 |
Recently, Gauza et al. reported the discovery of a companion to the late M-dwarf, VHS J125601.92-125723.9 (VHS 1256-1257). The companion’s absolute photometry suggests its mass and atmosphere are similar to the HR 8799 planets. However, as a wide companion to a late-type star, it is more accessible to spectroscopic characterization. We discovered that the primary of this system is an equal-magnitude binary. For an age ∼300 Myr the A and B components each have a mass of {64.6}<SUB>-2.0</SUB><SUP>+0.8</SUP> {M}<SUB>{Jup</SUB>}, and the b component has a mass of {11.2}<SUB>-1.8</SUB><SUP>+9.7</SUP>, making VHS 1256-1257 only the third brown dwarf triple system. There exists some tension between the spectrophotometric distance of 17.2 ± 2.6 pc and the parallax distance of 12.7 ± 1.0 pc. At 12.7 pc VHS 1256-1257 A and B would be the faintest known M7.5 objects, and are even faint outliers among M8 types. If the larger spectrophotmetric distance is more accurate than the parallax, then the mass of each component increases. In particular, the mass of the b component increases well above the deuterium burning limit to ∼ 35 {M}<SUB>{Jup</SUB>} and the mass of each binary component increases to {73}<SUB>-17</SUB><SUP>+20</SUP> {M}<SUB>{Jup</SUB>}. At 17.1 pc, the UVW kinematics of the system are consistent with membership in the AB Dor moving group. The architecture of the system resembles a hierarchical stellar multiple suggesting it formed via an extension of the star formation process to low masses. Continued astrometric monitoring will resolve this distance uncertainty and will provide dynamical masses for a new benchmark system. | 9 |
The Matlab script (SQM_example.m) contains an example of the Spatial Quantile Mapping (SQM) method presented in the paper "Mapping storm spatial profiles for flood impact assessments" by Peleg et al., published in Advances in Water Resources. As an example of an implementation of the SQM, this script reproduces Figure 3 from that manuscript. | 9 |
Context. The blazar AO 0235+164, located at redshift $z=0.94$, has displayed interesting and repeating flaring activity in the past, the latest episodes occurring in 2008 and 2015. In 2020, the source brightened again, starting a new flaring episode that peaked in 2021. Aims. We study the origin and properties of the 2021 flare in relation to previous studies and the historical behavior of the source, in particular to the 2008 and 2015 flaring episodes. Methods. We analyze the multi-wavelength photo-polarimetric evolution of the source. From Very Long Baseline Array images, we derive the kinematic parameters of new components associated with the 2021 flare. We use this information to constrain a model for the spectral energy distribution of the emission during the flaring period. We propose an analytical geometric model to test whether the observed wobbling of the jet is consistent with precession. Results. We report the appearance of two new components that are ejected in a different direction than previously, confirming the wobbling of the jet. We find that the direction of ejection is consistent with that of a precessing jet.The derived period independently agrees with the values commonly found in the literature. Modeling of the spectral energy distribution further confirm that the differences between flares can be attributed to geometrical effects. | 9 |
We present the detection of non-radial oscillations in a hot, helium-atmosphere white dwarf using 78.7 days of nearly uninterrupted photometry from the Kepler space telescope. With an effective temperature >30,000 K, PG 0112+104 becomes the hottest helium-atmosphere white dwarf known to pulsate. The rich oscillation spectrum of low-order g-modes includes clear patterns of rotational splittings from consecutive sequences of dipole and quadrupole modes, which can be used to probe the rotation rate with depth in this highly evolved stellar remnant. We also measure a surface rotation rate of 10.17404 hr from an apparent spot modulation in the K2 data. With two independent measures of rotation, PG 0112+104 provides a remarkable test of asteroseismic inference. | 9 |
The Vera C. Rubin Observatory's Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST) will detect an unprecedentedly large sample of actively accreting supermassive black holes with typical accretion disk (AD) sizes of a few light days. This brings us to face challenges in the reverberation mapping (RM) measurement of AD sizes in active galactic nuclei using interband continuum delays. We examine the effect of LSST cadence strategies on AD RM using our metric AGN_TimeLagMetric. It accounts for redshift, cadence, the magnitude limit, and magnitude corrections for dust extinction. Running our metric on different LSST cadence strategies, we produce an atlas of the performance estimations for LSST photometric RM measurements. We provide an upper limit on the estimated number of quasars for which the AD time lag can be computed within 0 < z < 7 using the features of our metric. We forecast that the total counts of such objects will increase as the mean sampling rate of the survey decreases. The AD time lag measurements are expected for >1000 sources in each deep drilling field (DDF; (10 deg<SUP>2</SUP>)) in any filter, with the redshift distribution of these sources peaking at z ≈ 1. We find the LSST observation strategies with a good cadence (≲5 days) and a long cumulative season (~9 yr), as proposed for LSST DDF, are favored for the AD size measurement. We create synthetic LSST light curves for the most suitable DDF cadences and determine RM time lags to demonstrate the impact of the best cadences based on the proposed metric. | 9 |
measurements by use of a conventional caliper process require skills and experiences . further , since different pregnant women gain and keep fats in their bodies in different ways , results of measurements of their body fats vary . to overcome the inconvenience , there is provided a system for measuring a percent body fat or a total body fat by a bioelectrical impedance method , which comprises first input means , second input means and computation means , wherein personal data of a patient such as a height and a body weight is input into the first input means , a weight of a fetal part is input into the second input means , and the computation means computes a percent body fat or a total body fat by subtracting the body weight input into the second input means from the body weight input into the first input means . further , to overcome the inconvenience , there is provided a system for measuring a percent body fat by a bioelectrical impedance method which comprises first input means , second input means and computation means , wherein personal data of a patient such as a height and a body weight is input into the first input means , a weight of a fetal part is input into the second input means , and the computation means computes a percent body fat by subtracting the body weight input into the second input means from the body weight input into the first input means . | 0 |
exercising equipment having a base , a water receivable tube upstanding from the base and a body incorporating a valve member , the body is suspended in water in the tube and is pulled upwardly by a person exercising , the valve member acts to apply a restraining force against upward movement of the body but permits downward movement of the body by a gravitational force on the body . | 0 |
the invention is a device for providing a clamping force about a connection end of elastomeric hose and tubing . the device includes a heat shrinkable polymer , having a diameter reducing release temperature , formed into a band . the band has a first nominal inside diameter defined as the diameter the band assumes upon being shrunk in free space and being smaller than the outside diameter of the connection end of the elastomeric hose and tubing . the band has a second nominal inside diameter defined as the diameter the band assumes upon being shrunk about the connection end of the elastomeric hose and tubing . the band also has a third nominal inside diameter defined as the diameter of the band after polymer orientation and before shrinkage , the third diameter being greater than the outside diameter of the connection end of the elastomeric hose and tubing . the first inside diameter is no greater than about 80 percent of the third inside diameter . | 1 |
a non - contact tonometer is improved by providing a non - telecentric applanation detection system enabling relaxation of instrument alignment requirements during testing . in a preferred embodiment , the applanation detection system comprises an emitter for directing an obliquely incident beam of light for reflection by the cornea , and a detector array having a plurality of photosensitive detector array elements located to receive corneally reflected light . the detector array generates a plurality of signal curves for light energy received at different locations on the array as a function of time , and the signal curves are evaluated to determine an optimal signal curve which best indicates the moment of applanation . | 0 |
presented herein are systems and methods for global positioning system based secure access . a request for access to a computer network is received . a determination is made whether a mobile terminal is within a predetermined location . if the mobile terminal is within the predetermined location , access is granted . if the mobile terminal is outside of the predetermined location , access to the computer network is denied . | 7 |
a unique process and catalyst is described that operates efficiently for the direct production of a high cetane diesel type fuel or diesel type blending stock from stoichiometric mixtures of hydrogen and carbon monoxide . this invention allows for , but is not limited to , the economical and efficient production high quality diesel type fuels from small or distributed fuel production plants that have an annual production capacity of less than 10 , 000 barrels of product per day , by eliminating traditional wax upgrading processes . this catalytic process is ideal for distributed diesel fuel production plants such as gas to liquids production and other applications that require optimized economics based on supporting distributed feedstock resources . | 2 |
We present the first special relativistic, axisymmetric hydrodynamic simulations of black hole-torus systems (approximating general relativistic gravity) as remnants of binary-neutron star (NS-NS) and neutron star-black hole (NS-BH) mergers, in which the viscously driven evolution of the accretion torus is followed with self-consistent energy-dependent neutrino transport and the interaction with the cloud of dynamical ejecta expelled during the NS-NS merging is taken into account. The modeled torus masses, BH masses and spins, and the ejecta masses, velocities, and spatial distributions are adopted from relativistic merger simulations. We find that energy deposition by neutrino annihilation can accelerate outflows with initially high Lorentz factors along polar low-density funnels, but only in mergers with extremely low baryon pollution in the polar regions. NS-BH mergers, where polar mass ejection during the merging phase is absent, provide sufficiently baryon-poor environments to enable neutrino-powered, ultrarelativistic jets with terminal Lorentz factors above 100 and considerable dynamical collimation, favoring short gamma-ray bursts (sGRBs), although their typical energies and durations might be too small to explain the majority of events. In the case of NS-NS mergers, however, neutrino emission of the accreting and viscously spreading torus is too short and too weak to yield enough energy for the outflows to break out from the surrounding ejecta shell as highly relativistic jets. We conclude that neutrino annihilation alone cannot power sGRBs from NS-NS mergers. | 9 |
an embodiment relates generally to a method of operating a device . the method includes providing for a plurality of sensors , where each sensor is configured to sense and transmit data values associated with an interaction with the device by a user . a subset of the sensors of the plurality of sensors is associated with a respective facing on a housing of the device . the method also includes operating the plurality of sensors to detect the interaction with the device by the user and receiving sensor data associated with the interaction from the plurality of sensors . the method further includes determining a user mode of the device based on the sensor data associated with the interaction . | 8 |
an electronic musical instrument of a digital processing type comprises a first rom storing frequency information corresponding to respective notes for producing tones with pitches of the equally tempered scale , a second rom storing correction data for the frequency information to shift the pitch to bring to just intonation relationship , a chord detector for identifying the root note , and a pitch adjusting circuit for modifying the frequency information of the chord constituent notes other than the root note in accordance with the correction data read out from the second rom . thus the tones are produced in just intonation relationship when they constitute a chord and otherwise in a normal equally tempered scale . | 6 |
In this work, we compare three catalogues of cosmological filaments identified in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey by means of different algorithms by Tempel et al., Pereyra et al., and Martínez et al. We analyse how different identification techniques determine differences in the filament statistical properties: length, elongation, redshift distribution, and abundance. We find that the statistical properties of the filaments strongly depend on the identification algorithm. We use a volume-limited sample of galaxies to characterize other properties of filaments such as: galaxy overdensity, luminosity function of galaxies, mean galaxy luminosity, filament luminosity, and the overdensity profile of galaxies around filaments. In general, we find that these properties primarily depended on filament length. Shorter filaments have larger overdensities, are more populated by red galaxies, and have better defined galaxy overdensity profiles, than longer filaments. Concluding that galaxies belonging to filaments have characteristic signatures depending on the identification algorithm used. | 9 |
a method and a device for transmitting an elastic deflection of a piezoelectric element to an actuator by using a direct voltage source , generated from a supply voltage , for charging or discharging the piezoelectric element . an actuating motion of the actuator is modified as a function of the control voltage of the piezoelectric element , the voltage gradient being simultaneously adjusted to the control voltage . | 5 |
a fixing roller and a pressure roller form a nip therebetween to fix a recorded image onto a recording sheet provided into the nip . a coil provides alternating magnetic field with respect to the fixing roller to inductively heat the fixing roller . the coil includes a plurality of coil segments arranged in an axial direction of the fixing roller . the coil segments are connected in a manner of either forward connection or alternate connection . a controller determines either the forward connection or the alternate connection such that an heating efficiency due to the induction heating has a larger value . | 6 |
concurrent determinations of errors for application of corrections to sensor data signals from an orbiting space vehicle to reduce or to eliminate the three components of boresight error . to locate more accurately the geographical position of targets detected by the sensors of an orbiting satellite , the pitch , roll , and yaw boresight errors caused by distortions or misalignments in the focal plane of the sensors are compensated for by comparing known position coordinates of an object to the observed position coordinates . the known position coordinates are converted to sensor coordinates by a series of intermediate coordinate conversions , essentially from the celestial frame of reference to an earth - centered frame of reference to a satellite attitude frame of reference to the satellite frame of reference to the sensor frame of reference . the corrections are applied frequently enough to take into account the change of the satellite &# 39 ; s position relative to the sun to compensate for the thermal effects , inter alia , causing the boresight error . an optimal estimator increases the accuracy of the results . | 1 |
a method for operating an optical sensor which has a light receptor that receives line - by - line reflected or returned light for a complete picture . at least some of the received pictures are compressed with a picture compression algorithm . to process the picture and more quickly store it in a memory - saving manner , the optoelectronic sensors compress the picture simultaneously with its receipt by the receptor . optoelectronic sensors for use in this manner can be a code laser or a laser scanner for determining distance or generating separation pictures . | 6 |
the present invention relates to an artificial synovial fluid composition that mimics the tribological properties of human , osteoarthritic synovial fluid for the main purpose of in vitro wear testing . there is described an artificial synovial fluid composition comprising : a ) a mammalian serum having i ) a total protein concentration of from about 10 to about 45 g / l ; ii ) an albumin fraction of from about 55 % to about 80 % w / w %; iii ) an α - 1 globulin fraction of from about 3 % to about 6 % w / w %; iv ) an α - 2 globulin fraction of from about 5 % to about 10 % w / w %; v ) a β - globulin fraction of from about 3 % to about 20 % w / w %; vi ) a γ - globulin fraction of from about 5 % to about 20 % w / w %; vii ) a calcium concentration of from about 0 . 1 mmol / l to about 3 mmol / l ; viii ) a magnesium concentration of from about 0 . 05 mmol / l to about 0 . 8 mmol / l ; ix ) an inorganic phosphate concentration of from about 0 . 1 mmol / l to about 1 . 5 mmol / l ; x ) an iron concentration of from about 0 . 001 mmol / l to about 0 . 1 mmol / l ; xi ) a peptide concentration at a 2 , 000 da molecular weight cut - off of from about 0 . 005 g / l to about 10 g / l ; xii ) a maximal transition midpoint temperature , t m - cp - max , of from about 330 k to about 350 k at a concentration molality of from about 0 . 005 to about 0 . 15 mmol / l measured at a scan rate of from about 20 k / hour to about 100 k / hour ; xiii ) a total enthalpy change , δh , of from about 650 kj mol − 1 to about 1200 kj mol − 1 at a set concentration molality of 0 . 05 mmol / l measured at a scan rate of 60 k / hour ; xiv ) a total entropy change , δs , of from about 1 . 5 kj mol − 1 k − 1 to about 4 kj mol − 1 k − 1 at a concentration molality of from about 0 . 005 mmol / l to about 0 . 15 mmol / l and a scan rate from about 20 k / hour to 100 k / hour ; wherein the ratio of albumin to total globulin in solution is from about 1 . 5 to about 3 ; b ) a buffer for maintaining a solution osmolality of from about 200 mmol / kg to about 400 mmol / kg ; c ) hyaluronic acid at a concentration of from about 0 . 1 g / l to about 6 g / l ; d ) hyaluronic acid with a molecular weight of from 1 mda to 4 mda ; and e ) a ph level of about 7 to about 8 . | 2 |
a reservoir body contains a product and is provided with at least two openings , one of these openings being provided with a part for increasing the pressure , and the other opening being provided with a part for braking and retaining the product . this device permits easy manipulation , allows a controlled dispensing , and optionally precise dosing , while ensuring a good preservation of the product over time . | 1 |
an improved method is described for making 9 - deoxy - pgf 1 - type compounds . in contrast to the prior art , the method is stereoselective and requires fewer steps than the known methods for making these compounds . | 2 |
The Eridanus II (EriII) 'ultra-faint' dwarf has a large (15 pc) and low-mass (4.3 × 10<SUP>3</SUP> M<SUB>⊙</SUB>) star cluster (SC) offset from its centre by 23 ± 3 pc in projection. Its size and offset are naturally explained if EriII has a central dark matter core, but such a core may be challenging to explain in a ΛCDM cosmology. In this paper, we revisit the survival and evolution of EriII's SC, focusing for the first time on its puzzlingly large ellipticity ($0.31^{+0.05}_{-0.06}$). We perform a suite of 960 direct N-body simulations of SCs, orbiting within a range of spherical background potentials fit to ultra-faint dwarf (UFD) galaxy simulations. We find only two scenarios that come close to explaining EriII's SC. In the first scenario, EriII has a low-density dark matter core (of size ${\sim}70\, \text{pc}$ and density $\lesssim 2\times 10^8\, \text{M}_{\odot }\, \text{kpc}^{-3}$). In this model, the high ellipticity of EriII's SC is set at birth, with the lack of tidal forces in the core allowing its ellipticity to remain frozen for long times. In the second scenario, EriII's SC orbits in a partial core, with its high ellipticity owing to its imminent tidal destruction. However, this latter model struggles to reproduce the large size of EriII's SC, and it predicts substantial tidal tails around EriII's SC that should have already been seen in the data. This leads us to favour the cored model. We discuss potential caveats to these findings, and the implications of the cored model for galaxy formation and the nature of dark matter. | 9 |
disclosed are circuits for automatic calibration of the gain of electronic amplification and digitization systems for use with x - ray detectors . the calibration is based on injecting predetermined pulses into the electronic system and deriving a calibration ratio based the digital value of their amplitude with the digital value of the same pulses , unamplified and digitized with a high accuracy reference adc . all adcs , as well as the dacs used to control the pulser amplitude are referenced to a single common reference voltage . calibration for non - linearity of the gain is disclosed with an alternative embodiment for the same circuits . | 6 |
We analyze the postdoctoral career tracks of a nearly complete sample of astronomers from 28 United States graduate astronomy and astrophysics programs spanning 13 graduating years (N=1063). A majority of both men and women (65% and 66%, respectively) find long-term employment in astronomy or closely related academic disciplines. We find no significant difference in the rates at which men and women are hired into these jobs following their Ph.D.s or in the rates at which they leave the field. Applying a two-outcome survival analysis model to the entire data set, we measure a relative academic hiring probability ratio for women versus men at a common year -post-Ph.D. of {H}<SUB>F/M</SUB>={1.08}<SUB>-0.17</SUB><SUP>+0.20</SUP> and a leaving probability ratio of {L}<SUB>F/M</SUB>={1.03}<SUB>-0.24</SUB><SUP>+0.31</SUP> (95% CI). These are both consistent with equal outcomes for both genders ({H}<SUB>F/M</SUB>={L}<SUB>F/M</SUB>=1) and rule out more than minor gender differences in hiring or in the decision to abandon an academic career. They suggest that despite discrimination and adversity, women scientists are successful at managing the transition between Ph.D., postdoctoral, and faculty/staff positions. | 9 |
a process for significantly improving the physical and catalytic properties of faujasite containing fluid cracking catalysts employing a sol binder by incorporating acid stable surfactants into the catalyst component streams prior to spray drying . | 1 |
a bootstrapped cmos driver circuit capable of driving large capacitance loads with small internal delays . higher driving capability is achieved by using only n - channel transistors at the output and overdriving the transistors during the transitions . a total internal delay of less than one nanosecond for a driver may be provided with 100 ohms compatible output impedance . | 7 |
a wiring substrate includes : a substrate layer made of glass or silicon and including : a first surface formed with a first hole ; and a second surface formed with a second hole and being opposite to the first surface , wherein the first hole is communicated with the second hole ; a connection pad formed in the second hole ; a first wiring layer formed in the first hole and electrically connected to the connection pad ; a first insulation layer formed on the first surface of the substrate layer to cover the first wiring layer ; and a second wiring layer formed on the first insulation layer and electrically connected to the first wiring layer . a diameter of the first hole is gradually decreased from the first surface toward the second surface , and a diameter of the second hole is gradually decreased from the second surface toward the first surface . | 7 |
a device with a first mems device and a second mems device is disclosed . the first mems device is configured to sense at least one external influence . the second mems device is responsive to the at least one external influence . the first mems device is configured to change a state when the at least one external influence exceeds a threshold value . the first mems device is configured to retain the state below the threshold value , wherein the change in state of the first mems device is done passively and wherein the state of the first mems device is indicative of a status of the second mems device . | 7 |
a programmable lighting control system for advertising , decorative , artistic , and christmas lighting applications , consists of a standalone controller , an optional power booster device , and a personal computer compatible software program . the controller receives power via a standard ac outlet receptacle and includes : a plurality of ac output receptacles for connection to either series or parallel connected christmas tree type lights or the like ; a micro - controller to provide timing and control signals that are applied to solid state switching devices to drive the outlet receptacles ; a non volatile memory to store custom user defined lighting sequences ; a rotary , switch to enable the selection of either pre - programmed sequences or user defined sequences ; and a serial communication port . the personal computer compatible software program enables the user to create custom lighting sequences , which can be downloaded to the light controller non volatile memory via the serial port . the optional power booster device can be used to increase the output power capability of each of the individual controller output circuits . | 7 |
the invention relates to a percussion tool having an internal combustion engine and a hammer mechanism that can be driven by the internal combustion engine by means of a transmission . a part of the engine housing , the transmission housing , or the impact hammer mechanism housing is enclosed by a cover . the cover is spaced at a distance from the remainder of the machine , so that a gap is present between the cover and the remainder of the machine . cooling air can flow into the gap at the lower face of the cover and flow back out via a flue and an opening . the components beneath the cover are thereby effectively cooled , even without an additional cooling air blower . | 1 |
techniques for improved diversity pilot estimation in rapidly changing channel environments are disclosed . in one aspect , a difference estimate is updated when a current received symbol comprises a difference between the primary and diversity channels , and a sum estimate is updated when a current received symbol comprises a sum of the primary and diversity channels . the primary channel and the diversity channel are estimated in response to the sum estimate and the difference estimate . in another aspect , the sum estimate and difference estimate are produced by filtering the received symbols . in yet another aspect , received symbols are demodulated in response to the primary and diversity channel estimates . these aspects have the benefit of incorporating the most recently received symbol , resulting in more accurate channel estimates and hence improved demodulation performance , increased system capacity , lower required transmit power , and other benefits . | 7 |
a new and distinct cultivar of lagerstroemia plant named ‘ purple magic ’, characterized by its compact , rounded to upright intermediate growth habit , reddish new growth , lustrous dark green foliage in summer , purple flowers , and resistance to powdery mildew and cercospora leaf spot . | 0 |
in a combination document feed system and document removal assembly associated with the document feed system for removing documents one at a time from a stack of documents disposed in the document feed system and feeding each document into a document transport system : comprising a document removal assembly for providing a substantially elongated contact surface between the document removal assembly and a lead document in the stack of documents , the contact surface adapted to alternately contact the lead document and advance the lead document from the document feed system to the document transport system . the document feed system includes belts for advancing the stack of documents toward a document removal assembly , including a back plate adapted to provide a compressive force to the rear of the stack of documents . the back plate is driven at the same speed of travel as the belts advance the stack of documents , and applies a progressively decreasing compressive force to the stack of documents as the stack of documents decreases in size . | 1 |
an adaptive difference computing element which consumes less power without any decrease in calculation accuracy includes : a first circuit receiving first and second data with the same bit lengths and each having bits at one and the other ends , determining if a prescribed relation is obtained between a bit string from each bit to the bit at one end of the first data and that of the second data for each bit of the first data and corresponding each bit of the second data , and replacing the each bit of the first data and the corresponding each bit of the second data with same predetermined bit values if the prescribed relation is obtained , and otherwise directly outputting the first and second data ; and a subtracter having inputs connected to receive the first and second data from the first circuit , respectively . | 7 |
a manhole liner and a method of using the same are provided . the manhole liner is sized substantially equally to the largest diameter of the manhole , so that the liner does not have to stretch to be pressed against the manhole wall . additionally , the liner is impregnated with a resinous material capable of curing and hardening . a bladder , preferably stretchable circumferentially and having a diameter less than the smallest diameter of the manhole , is inserted into the liner . the bladder is expanded to press the liner against the wall of the manhole to dispense resinous material from the liner , while the liner is able to fold over itself in areas having a diameter less than the original diameter of the liner . because the bladder stretches to produce a smooth outside surface , the resinous material will migrate to areas in the folds and will cure with a smooth interior surface . | 4 |
methods and reagents for labeling synthesis of organohalides by transition metal mediated carbonylation reactions using carbon - isotope labeled carbon monoxide are provided . the resultant carbon - isotope labeled organohalides are useful as radiopharmaceuticals , especially for use as precursors in positron emission tomography . associated pet tracers and kits for pet studies are also provided . | 2 |
a method , program and system for calculating a cost discount for mobile telephone internet access are provided . the invention comprises receiving an access request from a customer using a mobile phone and determining that the phone is using a wireless communication protocol . an electronic document is sent back to the mobile phone . the session time is tracked , and if a customer purchase order is received , a discount is applied to the purchase price of the order . | 7 |
a structural system and components for housing or other structures and their methods of production . panel members serve as structural elements or as filler members or both , and in some applications can be removed . the panel members are provided with mesh on one or both sides of a heat insulation core member with the mesh being welded or otherwise affixed to i - beams or reinforced concrete reinforcing steel to form a continuous structural solution . roof panels are provided which are similar to that of the vertical walls , and the mesh on the upper surface is firmly affixed to both the columns and the reinforced concrete perimeter beam , affording a finished structure of great structural integrity . in all cases , the panels allow pouring of concrete around previously installed , reinforcing steel , allowing a final reinforced concrete structure similar to that constructed conventionally , but eliminating the extensive forming labor connected therewith . | 4 |
a window assembly controls ventilation and prevents passage through the window opening . provides hardened steel horizontal bars spaced apart vertically a distance that prevents passage . the bars are welded to hardened steel frame members . the steel assembly is anchored in the wall by resistant anchoring elements . the bars may be secured in place by other means . glazed aluminum vents have top rails that enclose the bars and pivot upon them . aluminum frame members enclose the steel frame members and support operator means that rotate the vents on the bars to open and close the vents . the angle of opening may be limited to prevent the vent extending beyond the wall at walkways . | 4 |
Context. Atomic gas in the diffuse interstellar medium (ISM) is organized in filamentary structures. These structures usually host cold and dense molecular clumps. The Galactic magnetic field is considered to play an important role in the formation of these clumps. <BR /> Aims: Our goal is to explore the role of the magnetic field in the H<SUB>I</SUB>-H<SUB>2</SUB> transition process. <BR /> Methods: We targeted a diffuse ISM filamentary cloud toward the Ursa Major cirrus where gas transitions from atomic to molecular. We probed the magnetic field properties of the cloud with optical polarization observations. We performed multiwavelength spectroscopic observations of different species in order to probe the gas phase properties of the cloud. We observed the CO (J = 1−0) and (J = 2−1) lines in order to probe the molecular content of the cloud. We also obtained observations of the [C II] 157.6µm emission line in order to trace the CO-dark H<SUB>2</SUB> gas and estimate the mean volume density of the cloud. <BR /> Results: We identified two distinct subregions within the cloud. One of the regions is mostly atomic, while the other is dominated by molecular gas, although most of it is CO-dark. The estimated plane-of-the-sky magnetic field strength between the two regions remains constant within uncertainties and lies in the range 13-30 µG. The total magnetic field strength does not scale with density. This implies that gas is compressed along the field lines. We also found that turbulence is trans-Alfvénic, with M<SUB>A</SUB> ≈ 1. In the molecular region, we detected an asymmetric CO clump whose minor axis is closer, with a 24° deviation, to the mean magnetic field orientation than the angle of its major axis. The H I velocity gradients are in general perpendicular to the mean magnetic field orientation except for the region close to the CO clump, where they tend to become parallel. This phenomenon is likely related to gas undergoing gravitational infall. The magnetic field morphology of the target cloud is parallel to the H I column density structure of the cloud in the atomic region, while it tends to become perpendicular to the H I structure in the molecular region. On the other hand, the magnetic field morphology seems to form a smaller offset angle with the total column density shape (including both atomic and molecular gas) of this transition cloud. <BR /> Conclusions: In the target cloud where the H I-H<SUB>2</SUB> transition takes place, turbulence is trans-Alfvénic, and hence the magnetic field plays an important role in the cloud dynamics. Atomic gas probably accumulates preferentially along the magnetic field lines and creates overdensities where molecular gas can form. The magnetic field morphology is probed better by the total column density shape of the cloud, and not its H I column density shape. <P />Polarization and CO data are only available in electronic form at the CDS via anonymous ftp to ftp://cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr (<A href="http://130.79.128.5">130.79.128.5</A>) or via <A href="http://cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/665/A77">http://cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/665/A77</A> | 9 |
an ink nozzle plate has ink discharge channels for discharging ink , and an air nozzle plate has air discharge channels facing the ink discharge channels for discharging air to jet the ink . a power source produces an electric field through the ink at the ink discharge channels , thereby extending the ink meniscus , and the ink is jetted from the air discharge channels by air - flow and the electric field . a heating means increases the temperature of the air nozzle plate , thereby vaporizing water adsorbed in the air discharge channels and stabilizing the ink jet volume . | 1 |
in a circuit for automatic dynamic compression or expansion the control voltage generator generates a control voltage which is linear against the logarithm of the input amplitude . this characteristic is achieved by a transfer member consisting of several transistors which are subject to different reference voltages and the series resistances of which are staggered . | 6 |
Wave optics may need to be considered when studying the lensed waveforms of gravitational waves (GWs). However, the computation of the diffraction integral (amplification factor) in wave optics is challenging and time consuming. It is vital to develop an accurate and efficient method to calculate the amplification factor for detecting lensed GW systems. In this paper, we investigate the convergence of the diffraction integral for gravitational lensing of GWs and analyze the accuracy and efficiency of a number of numerical methods that can be used to calculate this integral, including the integral mean method, asymptotic expansion method, Levin's method, zero points integral method, etc. We further introduce a new method by combining the zero points integral and the asymptotic expansion methods to calculate the diffraction integral, which provides an efficient and accurate way to calculate the lensed waveform of GWs. | 9 |
a belt guidance arrangement for use in a belt conveyor system , such as used in mining operations , includes in one embodiment at least one pair of rollers supported by interconnected frames in vertically spaced substantially horizontal relation so as to enable selective angling between the rollers . an endless conveyor belt is wrapped about the rollers so as to define a reach between the rollers which is twisted generally about a longitudinal twist axis and is subjected to transverse components of tension forces acting on opposite sides of the twist axis upon angled positioning between the rollers . various embodiments enable the rollers of one or more pairs of rollers to be positioned so that the geometrical relation between the belt engaging peripheral surfaces of the rollers of each pair in the longitudinal direction of belt movement effects balancing of the sum of transverse components of tension forces acting on opposite sides of the longitudinal twist axis of the belt to thereby effect desired training of the belt through the roller pairs . the rollers are preferably formed with profiled configurations which substantially equalize the path lengths of the corresponding longitudinal elements of the belt on opposite sides of the twist axis so as to effect a predetermined differential in the path lengths of the longitudinal belt elements and thereby achieve desired tensile stress distribution in the belt . | 1 |
the present invention relates to a chromatography column that removes the longitudinal load from the column tube altogether and transfers it to a yoke and stanchion arrangement situated around but external to the column tube . by using the yoke / stanchion system , the central adjuster can be used to move the top end into and out of the housing . thus , when internal pressure is applied to the column , the tube experiences no longitudinal load . additionally , the yoke and stanchion design allows for complete removal of the end from the tube without cumbersome disassembly . moreover , the yoke provides a place to retain the end while the tube is being filled , emptied , cleaned or repaired . | 6 |
a corrosion - resistant cooling channel construction for the flow of a corrosive cooling medium therethrough such as may be utilized in a wall of a combustion chamber . the formation of the cooling channel is accomplished by controlled sequential electrodeposition of selected metals onto a wall substrate of the combustion chamber . | 5 |
a phase detector is provided for detecting the phase difference between a first input signal and a second input signal and providing an output corresponding thereto . the phase detector comprises a dual state phase detector , a tri - state phase detector , a control input for receiving a control signal , and a control circuit for selecting either the dual state phase detector or tri - state phase detector . the dual state phase detector compares the phase difference between the first input signal and the second input signal . the tri - state phase detector compares the phase difference between the second input signal and the inverse of the first input signal . the control circuit selects the output of the dual state phase detector or selects the output of the tri - state phase detector based upon the control signal . | 7 |
If gamma-ray burst prompt emission originates at a typical radius, and if material producing the emission moves at relativistic speed, then the variability of the resulting light curve depends on the viewing angle. This is due to the fact that the pulse evolution time-scale is Doppler contracted, while the pulse separation is not. For off-axis viewing angles θ<SUB>view</SUB> ≳ θ<SUB>jet</SUB> + Γ<SUP>-1</SUP>, the pulse broadening significantly smears out the light-curve variability. This is largely independent of geometry and emission processes. To explore a specific case, we set up a simple model of a single pulse under the assumption that the pulse rise and decay are dominated by the shell curvature effect. We show that such a pulse observed off-axis is (I) broader, (II) softer and (III) displays a different hardness-intensity correlation with respect to the same pulse seen on-axis. For each of these effects, we provide an intuitive physical explanation. We then show how a synthetic light curve made by a superposition of pulses changes with increasing viewing angle. We find that a highly variable light curve (as seen on-axis) becomes smooth and apparently single-pulsed (when seen off-axis) because of pulse overlap. To test the relevance of this fact, we estimate the fraction of off-axis gamma-ray bursts detectable by Swift as a function of redshift, finding that a sizeable fraction (between 10 per cent and 80 per cent) of nearby (z < 0.1) bursts are observed with θ<SUB>view</SUB> ≳ θ<SUB>jet</SUB> + Γ<SUP>-1</SUP>. Based on these results, we argue that low-luminosity gamma-ray bursts are consistent with being ordinary bursts seen off-axis. | 9 |
a recording liquid comprising a coloring agent and water , wherein the recording liquid containing a polyol having a solubility in water at 20 ° c . of 0 . 2 wt . % or more and not more than 4 . 5 wt . %, and at least one compound selected from a group consisting of compound represented by formula r 1 , r 2 , r 3 . n → o , and of compound represented by formula represented by r 4 , r 5 , r 6 . n — ch 2 — co — o − . the recording liquid shows synergistic effect including a high permeability with modified penetrating property capable of eliminating an increasing in optical density at backside - surface of printing medium , anti - color bleeding property , and an effect on reduction of blurring of colors , by combination use of the polyol and compound . the polyol has a small molecular weight so that the adsorbing speed onto the surface to be printed is very high , and has a property to render the nitrogen moiety of the compound into positive charge . the compound effectuates on compound to make it to be insoluble . | 2 |
a filtered ventilating system for a cooking unit incorporates a hood emplaceable above a cooking unit . an exhaust stack extends from the hood for removing cooking fumes captured by the hood . a barrier wall divides the interior of the hood into inlet and outlet zones open to the cooking unit and exhaust stack , respectively , and is provided with a fume opening to receive a filter for grease and the like . wash down pipes respectively extend along the exhaust zone of the hood adjacent the filter and along an exhaust stack . a motor rotates the wash down pipes and a suitable supply provides wash liquid to the pipes , which are thus energizable to simultaneously rotate and spray the wash liquid onto adjacent hood , filter and exhaust stack surfaces for cleaning same . pivot and latch apparatus supports the filter for reversal on the barrier wall , to permit both sides of the filter to be cleaned by liquid from the wash down pipes . | 8 |
a water treatment tank for separating particles from water , has a separation chamber with at least one set of inclined parallel plates , with a slot between each pair of adjacent plates for substantial horizontal flow of water between the plates . a sludge chamber is located beneath the separation chamber for collecting sludge including the particles separated from the water during passage of the water through the separation chamber . an inlet chamber on one side of the separation chamber introduces the substantially horizontal flow of water into the separation chamber , and an outlet chamber on an opposite side of the separation chamber receives the flow in the substantially horizontal direction from the separation chamber . the outlet chamber is located above and communicates with the sludge chamber and further separates particles from the water in the outlet chamber , the particles descending into the sludge chamber . an outlet channel is located in an upper portion of the outlet chamber and has an outlet weir on each side of the outlet channel . the outlet channel and outlet weirs extend for the length of the separation chamber , and a surface layer of water in the outlet chamber overflows the outlet weirs into the outlet channel to create an outflow . an overflow rate of water per unit length of the outlet weirs is minimized for a given tank flow rate . | 1 |
in an image measuring device that performs , on a work piece to be measured , low brightness continuous illumination and one of stroboscopic illumination and continuous illumination with high brightness , a common high - brightness led is used , and driving circuits are switched between pseudo - continuous illumination and one of stroboscopic illumination and continuous illumination . in the pseudo - continuous illumination , an average brightness is reduced by pulse lighting . in the stroboscopic illumination , high brightness light is emitted instantaneously . the switching between the pseudo - continuous illumination and one of the stroboscopic illumination and continuous illumination may be performed by changing a lighting cycle of the high - brightness led . | 7 |
We present the first results from the X-SHOOTER Lyman α survey at z = 2 (XLS-z2). XLS-z2 is a deep spectroscopic survey of 35 Lyman α emitters (LAEs) utilizing ≈90 h of exposure time with Very Large Telescope/X-SHOOTER and covers rest-frame Ly α to H α emission with R ≈ 4000. We present the sample selection, the observations, and the data reduction. Systemic redshifts are measured from rest-frame optical lines for 33/35 sources. In the stacked spectrum, our LAEs are characterized by an interstellar medium with little dust, a low metallicity, and a high ionization state. The ionizing sources are young hot stars that power strong emission lines in the optical and high-ionization lines in the ultraviolet (UV). The LAEs exhibit clumpy UV morphologies and have outflowing kinematics with blueshifted Si II absorption, a broad [O III] component, and a red-skewed Ly α line. Typically, 30 per cent of the Ly α photons escape, of which one quarter on the blue side of the systemic velocity. A fraction of Ly α photons escape directly at the systemic suggesting clear channels enabling an ≈10 per cent escape of ionizing photons, consistent with an inference based on Mg II. A combination of a low effective H I column density, a low dust content, and young starburst determines whether a star-forming galaxy is observed as an LAE. The first is possibly related to outflows and/or a fortunate viewing angle, while we find that the latter two in LAEs are typical for their stellar mass of 10<SUP>9</SUP> M<SUB>⊙</SUB>. | 9 |
transbronchial needle aspiration device . in one embodiment , the device comprises a handle and a flexible catheter , the handle having a bore , the proximal end of the catheter being fixed within the handle bore . a protective tubular hub having a flared distal end is press - fit coaxially within the distal end of the catheter , the distal end of the catheter being sealed around the distal end of the hub so as to define a distal opening . a hollow needle having a sharp tip at its distal end is disposed within the catheter , the needle tip being sized for insertion through the distal opening of the catheter . the distal end of a flexible wire is coupled to the proximal end of the needle , the proximal end of the wire extending through the handle bore and coupled to a button slide accessible through a slot in the handle . the button slide is movable between a distal position in which the needle tip extends through the distal opening of the catheter and a proximal position in which the needle tip is disposed within the hub . when in either its distal position or its proximal position , a pawl on the button slide releasably engages a corresponding notch on the handle to lock the button slide in place . | 0 |
We use VANDELS spectroscopic data overlapping with the ≃7 Ms Chandra Deep Field South survey to extend studies of high-mass X-ray binary systems (HMXBs) in 301 normal star-forming galaxies in the redshift range 3 < z < 5.5. Our analysis evaluates correlations between X-ray luminosities (L<SUB>X</SUB>), star formation rates (SFRs), and stellar metallicities (Z<SUB>⋆</SUB>) to higher redshifts and over a wider range in galaxy properties than hitherto. Using a stacking analysis performed in bins of both redshift and SFR for sources with robust spectroscopic redshifts without AGN signatures, we find convincing evolutionary trends in the ratio L<SUB>X</SUB>/SFR to the highest redshifts probed, with a stronger trend for galaxies with lower SFRs. Combining our data with published samples at lower redshift, the evolution of L<SUB>X</SUB>/SFR to z ≃ 5 proceeds as (1 + z)<SUP>1.03 ± 0.02</SUP>. Using stellar metallicities derived from photospheric absorption features in our spectroscopic data, we confirm indications at lower redshifts that L<SUB>X</SUB>/SFR is stronger for metal-poor galaxies. We use semi-analytic models to show that metallicity dependence of L<SUB>X</SUB>/SFR alone may not be sufficient to fully explain the observed redshift evolution of X-ray emission from HMXBs, particularly for galaxies with SFR < 30 M<SUB>⊙</SUB> yr<SUP>-1</SUP>. We speculate that reduced overall stellar ages and 'burstier' star formation histories in the early Universe may lead to higher L<SUB>X</SUB>/SFR for the same metallicity. We then define the redshift-dependent contribution of HMXBs to the integrated X-ray luminosity density and, in comparison with models, find that the contribution of HMXBs to the cosmic X-ray background at z > 6 may be ≳0.25 dex higher than previously estimated. | 9 |
a multiple speed power transmission is disclosed having an input , first and second input shafts , first and second clutches releasably coupling the input to the first and second input shafts , respectively , and a set of selectable power paths connecting the first and second input shafts to the output , the set of selectable power paths having at least one power path that includes both the first and second input shafts . | 5 |
the present invention describes an outer fuel access tank cover of an aircraft , a wing comprising such outer ftac of an aircraft and an aircraft . the invention belongs to the field of “ designing auxiliary pieces in the wing of aircrafts to control the risk of gases from an explosion occurred in the ftac entering the fuel tank ”. | 1 |
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