text
stringlengths 12
51.9k
| label
int64 0
9
|
|---|---|
We present the quasar luminosity function at z ∼ 5 derived from the optical wide-field survey data obtained as a part of the Subaru strategic program (SSP) with the Hyper Suprime-Cam (HSC). From a ∼81.8 deg<SUP>2</SUP> area in the Wide layer of the HSC-SSP survey, we selected 224 candidates of low-luminosity quasars at z ∼ 5 by adopting the Lyman-break method down to i = 24.1 mag. Based on our candidates and spectroscopically confirmed quasars from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS), we derived the quasar luminosity function at z ∼ 5, covering a wide luminosity range of -28.76 < M<SUB>1450</SUB> < -22.32 mag. We found that the quasar luminosity function is fitted by a double power-law model with a break magnitude of ${M}_{1450}^{* }=-{25.05}_{-0.24}^{+0.10}$ mag. The inferred number density of low-luminosity quasars is lower, and the derived faint-end slope, $-{1.22}_{-0.10}^{+0.03}$ , is flatter than those of previous studies at z ∼ 5. A compilation of the quasar luminosity function at 4 ≤ z ≤ 6 from the HSC-SSP suggests that there is little redshift evolution in the break magnitude and in the faint-end slope within this redshift range, although previous studies suggest that the faint-end slope becomes steeper at higher redshifts. The number density of low-luminosity quasars decreases more rapidly from z ∼ 5 to z ∼ 6 than from z ∼ 4 to z ∼ 5. | 9 |
a three - dimensional image measuring device which comprises a light source ; a plane image forming unit for forming a plane image in a space in its depth direction on the basis of light emitted from the light source ; a scanning unit for moving and scanning the plane image formed by the plane image forming unit in its depth direction ; an object to be measured disposed in the space where the plane image is formed ; a light receiving unit for measuring the strength of light scattered on a surface of the object as the plane image is moved and scanned and ; a distance measuring unit for measuring the distance to the object on the basis of the output of the light receiving unit , whereby a three - dimensional image with least reduced invisible area is easily and accurately measured in a short time without using the principle of triangulation . | 6 |
a computer - implemented project - based point system for professional services uses a database including a list of professional employees , a menu of project codes , and an assignment of a point value to each of the project codes . the method calculates total points earned by a professional by adding point values assigned to project codes of completed projects , which may be billable and / or non - billable projects . the calculated total points earned by the professional may be compared to a point requirement , whereby the performance of the professional may be evaluated . in addition , the method may calculate a total charge to a client for professional services by adding fixed fees assigned to project codes of completed billable projects . | 6 |
a belt drive continuously variable transmission has a primary pulley operatively connected to an engine and a secondary pulley operatively connected to wheels of a motor vehicle , hydraulic cylinders for changing effective diameters of both pulleys , and a transmission ratio control valve for producing a primary pressure applied to the primary cylinder for controlling transmission ratio . an anti - lock brake system is provided on the vehicle . a deceleration of the vehicle is calculated based on vehicle speed . time from an end of operation of the antilock brake system until the vehicle stops is calculated based on the calculated deceleration and to the vehicle speed . furthermore , downshifting speed necessary to increase the actual transmission ratio to a maximum transmission ratio before the vehicle stops is calculated based on the calculated time until the vehicle stops and to the actual transmission ratio . in place of the transmission ratio changing speed , the calculated downshifting speed is used when the operation of the antilock brake system ends . | 1 |
a pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of formula in polymorphic crystalline form a : together with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or excipient , wherein the compound of formula is present in polymorphic form a substantially free of other polymorphic forms . | 0 |
Reproduction Package Augmenting Interpolation-Based Model Checking with Auxiliary Invariants Abstract This artifact is a reproduction package for the article “Augmenting Interpolation-Based Model Checking with Auxiliary Invariants”, published at SPIN 2024. It is accessible via the DOI 10.5281/zenodo.10548594 on Zenodo. The artifact consists of source code, precompiled executables, and input data used in the evaluation of the paper, as well as the obtained experimental results. Specifically, it contains the source code and precompiled binaries of CPAchecker at revision 42901, the executables of 2LS and Symbiotic, the benchmark suite of SV-COMP 2022, the raw and processed data collected from our experiments, and the scripts to reproduce the evaluation results. The reproduction artifact is based on the TACAS ’23 Artifact Evaluation VM (tested with Oracle VM VirtualBox v6.1), which operates Ubuntu 22.04 LTS. All the necessary software dependencies for executing tools and performing evaluation are shipped together with the artifact as well. Alternatively, the artifact can be executed on the SoSy-Lab VM, which also runs Ubuntu 22.04 LTS and has all the required dependencies pre-installed. (If you test this artifact with the SoSy-Lab VM, all installation steps can be skipped.) By default, we assign 4 CPU cores and 15 GB of memory to each verification task. A full reproduction of all the experiments requires roughly 3 months of CPU time. For demonstration purposes, a subset of the benchmark tasks can be executed using 1 CPU core and 3 GB of memory, which takes roughly 6 hours of CPU time in total. Contents This artifact contains the following items: README.html: this documentation License.txt: license information of the artifact Augmenting_IMC_with_Auxiliary_Invariants.pdf: a preprint of the submitted manuscript example.c: an example C program for demonstration (see Fig. 1 of the article) cpachecker/: a directory containing the source code and precompiled binaries of CPAchecker, which implements the proposed approaches 2ls/: a directory containing the executables of 2LS downloaded from the SV-COMP 2022 tool archives symbiotic/: a directory containing the executables of Symbiotic downloaded from the SV-COMP 2022 tool archives sv-benchmarks/: a directory containing the SV-COMP 2022 benchmark tasks used in our evaluation bench-defs/: a directory containing the benchmark definitions of the experiments (used by BenchExec, a framework for reliable benchmarking) data-submission/: a directory containing the raw and processed data produced from our full evaluation (used in the article, under paper-results/) and from a demo experiment (prepared for this reproduction package, under demo-results/) packages/: a directory containing the necessary Debian and Python packages to set up the environment for the experiments in the TACAS ’23 Artifact Evaluation VM Makefile: a file containing commands for running experiments and processing data This readme file will guide you through the following steps: Set up evaluation environment Execute software verifiers Perform experiments Analyze experimental data Known issues of the artifact TL;DR On the TACAS ’23 Artifact Evaluation (AE) VM, type the following commands in the root folder of the reproduction package to: Install required dependencies (root permission required): make install-packages Set up BenchExec (root permission required): make configure-cgroups: configure cgroups version for BenchExec WARNING: the script changes the version of cgroup to version 1 Important: please reboot your system afterwards for the settings to take effect! make prepare-benchexec: turn off swap memory and allow user namespaces (needs to be redone after every reboot) make test-benchexec: test if BenchExec has been installed (see the installation guide) make test-cgroups: test if cgroups are configured correctly Run software verifiers on the example in Fig. 1 of the submission (time limit set to 10 seconds for quick response): make timelimit=10s test-cpachecker: the proposed analysis in CPAchecker make timelimit=10s test-2ls: the default analysis of 2LS make timelimit=10s test-symbiotic: the default analysis of Symbiotic Perform a demo experiment on 30 tasks: make run-demo-exp To quickly check the if experiment is runnable, you could use make timelimit=60s memlimit=3GB cpulimit=1 run-demo-exp to limit the CPU run-time to 60 seconds, memory to 3 GB, and the number of CPU cores to 1 per task. After the run is finished, an HTML table containing the experimental results can be found in results/demo.table.html. Note that the tasks in the demo experiment are selected to showcase the strengths of the proposed approaches. It is expected that the baseline approach (plain IMC) goes into timeout for several of them. Perform a full experiment: make run-full-exp 4 CPU cores, 15 GB of RAM, and 900 seconds of CPU time are given to each task. The full experiment takes roughly 3 months of CPU time. After the run is finished, HTML tables containing the experimental results can be found in results/*.table.html. To view HTML files corresponding to tables and figures of the paper, please open the following links with a browser. Note that the figures and tables in the article are formatted for space reasons, so some of them do not look exactly the same as the HTML files. Figure 2(a) (Note that the number of program unrollings reported by CPAchecker has a constant offset of +1, i.e., a number k in the HTML plot corresponds to k-1 in the article.) Figure 2(b) Table 1 (Note that in the article, we reported the run-time with two significant digits.) Figure 3(a) (Note that in the article, we cropped the first 400 tasks solved within 1 minute for space.) Figure 3(b) Figure 4(a) Figure 4(b) Figure 5 To improve readability, in the following we only excerpt important fragments of the logs. The complete log messages for the above commands are listed in data-submission/complete-logs.html for reference. Set Up Evaluation Environment Hardware Requirements For the demo experiment, 3 GB of memory and 1 CPU core are allocated for a verification task. For the complete experiment, 15 GB of memory and 4 CPU cores are used. Please provide hardware resources higher than a benchmark task requires. An internet connection is not necessary. Software Requirements This artifact requires a Linux-based operating system using cgroups v1 and has been tested on a 64-bit Ubuntu 22.04 computer with Linux kernel 5.15.0. In addition, the following software dependencies are requisite: BenchExec 3.17 (installation guide) Clang 14.0.0 Java Runtime Environment (JRE) 11 or above libz3-dev 4.8.12 On the TACAS ’23 AE VM, the above dependencies can be fulfilled via the following command (you will be asked for root permission): make install-packages Set Up BenchExec We use BenchExec, a framework for reliable benchmarking and resource measurements, to perform our evaluation. To configure cgroups version for BenchExec, please run: make configure-cgroups WARNING: The script will change the version of cgroups to version 1. If you do not want this change on your machine, we recommend testing the reproduction package in the TACAS ’23 AE VM. Important: After running the above command, please reboot your system for the settings to take effect! Note that an additional preparation for BenchExec is required after each reboot. Please run (you will again be asked for root permission): make prepare-benchexec The above command turns off the swap memory and allows user namespaces to be used. To test if the permission of cgroups needed by BenchExec is correctly configured, please run: make check-cgroups No warnings or error messages should be printed if the permission is correctly configured. If there are still unresolved problems, please take a look at BenchExec’s installation guide. Execute Software Verifiers Run Different Verification Algorithms in CPAchecker To execute CPAchecker on a C program example.c, please run: make timelimit=10s c-prog=example.c cpa-config=imc_i-df test-cpachecker You can change the time limit, the input C program and the used configuration by passing the arguments to timelimit, c-prog, and cpa-config, respectively. The following configurations are supported: imc: plain interpolation-based model checking (IMC, McMillan 2003) imc_f-df: augmented IMC with fixed-point checks strengthened (IMCf ← DF) imc_i-df: augmented IMC with interpolants strengthened (IMCi ← DF) ki-df: k-Induction boosted by auxiliary invariants (KI ← DF) impact: Impact (Impact) pred_abs: Predicate Abstraction (PredAbs) Below is an example output shown on the console after the analysis is finished. […redacted…] Verification result: TRUE. No property violation found by chosen configuration. More details about the verification run can be found in the directory “./output”. There are 3 possible outcomes of the verification result: TRUE: the program is “safe”, i.e. it does not violate the given property FALSE: the program is “unsafe”, i.e. it contains a violation to the given property UNKNOWN: the program might contain some unsupported feature, or the analysis went into some error (timeout, out of memory, etc.) For the program example.c, IMC, IMCf ← DF, IMCi ← DF, and PredAbs are able to deliver a proof within 10 seconds, whereas KI ← DF and Impact are not. Also note that there will be no output/ folder, because CPAchecker is executed with the -noout option (see line 22 of the Makefile). Run 2LS and Symbiotic To execute 2LS or Symbiotic on a C program, please run: make timelimit=10s c-prog=example.c test-2ls # or test-symbiotic You can change the time limit and the input C program by passing the arguments to timelimit and c-prog, respectively. 2LS can prove the program example.c within 10 seconds, while Symbiotic cannot. Perform Experiments We provide two settings for the experiments: one for the demo run and the other for the full run. The two settings differ in (1) the set of executed tasks and (2) the executed tools/algorithms. All the other common settings are explained below. Experimental Settings The settings are described in the XML files bench-defs/*.xml. These XML files are used by BenchExec, a framework for reliable benchmarking. For the execution of a task, a default resource limit of 4 CPU cores, 900 seconds of CPU time, and 15 GB of memory is imposed. (If the required memory amount is not available on your system, please follow the instructions explained below to adjust the limit.) The XML files contain the following configurations of the compared verifiers in the evaluation, namely: CPAchecker Compared SMT-based algorithms: imc, imc_f-df, imc_i-df, ki-df, impact, and pred_abs Different random seeds for plain and augmented IMC: imc-rs{7,61,89,165} and imc_i-df-rs{7,61,89,165} 2LS: default (configuration used in SV-COMP 2022) Symbiotic: svcomp (configuration used in SV-COMP 2022) Before you start executing any experiment, please make sure that BenchExec is successfully installed by running make test-benchexec and cgroups are correctly configured by running make test-cgroups. Demo Run on the Selected Tasks A complete experiment on the whole benchmark suite consisting of 1623 C-verification tasks (listed in bench-defs/sets/overall.set) takes a vast amount of time (the elapsed CPU time in our experiment was about 3 months). The experimental data produced from the full evaluation reported in the paper can be found in folder data-submission/paper-results/. To show how our experiments were conducted, we selected 30 tasks from the benchmark suite (listed in bench-defs/sets/demo.set) and 3 algorithms (plain and augmented IMC: IMC, IMCf ← DF, and IMCi ← DF) in CPAchecker for demonstration. We emphasize that the demo run is only for demonstration purposes. The observations on the comparison between algorithms and tools in the article were drawn from the evaluation on the whole benchmark suite. The tasks are selected to showcase the strengths of the proposed approaches. It is expected that the baseline approach, IMC, goes into timeout for several of them. In comparison, the proposed approaches, IMC, IMCf ← DF, and IMCi ← DF, are able to find more proofs on the selected set of tasks within the time limit. This demonstrative experiment was designed such that it is feasible given reasonable hardware equipment and time: it could be finished within several hours on a laptop. To perform the demonstrative experiment, run the command below: make run-demo-exp Below is an example on how to adjust the resource limits. Suppose you would like to set the time limit to 60 seconds, the memory limit to 3 GB, and use only 1 CPU core for a task, please run: make timelimit=60s memlimit=3GB cpulimit=1 run-demo-exp Moreover, if you have enough hardware resources and would like to launch parallel benchmark tasks, add benchexec-args="-N " to the make command. For more usage information about BenchExec, please refer to benchexec -h. After the run is finished, an HTML table containing the experimental results can be found in results/demo.table.html. Full Run on the Complete Benchmark Suite As mentioned above, the total CPU time elapsed for a complete experiment is about 3 months, and 900 seconds of CPU time, 15 GB of memory, and 4 CPU cores are given to each benchmark task. To perform the full experiment, run the command: make run-full-exp The full experiments can be split into 3 make-targets. make run-aug-imc-exp: Evaluate IMC, IMCf ← DF, and IMCi ← DF on 870 tasks (listed in bench-defs/sets/nontrivial-inv.set) where DF, the invariant generation component in CPAchecker, is able to generate non-trivial inductive invariants. The experimental results are summarized in Fig. 2, Table 1, Table 2, Fig. 4, and Fig. 5 of the article. make run-rand-seed-exp: Compare the IMC and IMCi ← DF using different random seeds for SMT solving on 870 tasks. The experimental results are summarized in Fig. 3 of the article. make run-cmp-exp: Compare IMCi ← DF against other SMT-based algorithms (KI ← DF, Impact, and PredAbs) in CPAchecker and 2 state-of-the-art verifiers (2LS and Symbiotic) from SV-COMP 2022 on the whole benchmark suite. The experimental results are summarized in Table 3 and Fig. 6 of the article. After the run is finished, HTML tables containing the experimental results can be found in results/*.table.html. Analyze the Experimental Data We recommend to take advantage of the interactive HTML files to help visualize the results of the experiments. These files can be easily opened with a web browser (e.g. firefox), and can display the information presented in all tables and figures of the article. Results from Our Experiments The results (both raw and processed data) of the demo run and full run obtained by our machines are in folder data-submission/demo-results/ and data-submission/paper-results/, respectively. The demo run was performed in order to prepare this artifact, and the full run was performed to collect the data used in the paper. The generated HTML files are: tab1-1.imc_i-df.improvement.table.html: generated by the make-target run-aug-imc-exp (Table 1 in the article) tab2.augmented-imc.summary.table.html: generated by the make-target run-aug-imc-exp (Fig. 2, Fig. 3, and Fig. 4 in the article) tab3.overall-comparison.table.html: generated by the make-target run-cmp-exp (Fig. 5 in the article) We also provide pre-configured links to easily view the exact tables/figures as shown in the paper, as listed in the TL;DR section. Here we additionally provide the links to view all the tables/figures in the extended technical report of this work: Figure 2(a) (Note that the number of program unrollings reported by CPAchecker has a constant offset of +1, i.e., a number k in the HTML plot corresponds to k-1 in the article.) Figure 2(b) Table 1-1 (Note that in the report, the run-time is rounded to two significant digits.) Table 1-2 Table 2 A summary table for Figure 3 Figure 4(a) (Note that in the report, we cropped the first 400 tasks solved within 1 minute for space.) Figure 4(b) Figure 5(a) Figure 5(b) Table 3 Figure 6 If you want to re-generate all the above HTML files from the raw data obtained by our experiments, run make gen-paper-tables. Note that this command will overwrite the existing files. Navigate Through the Data Once an experiment is finished, the Makefile automatically collects the results and generates the HTML file, whose path is printed on the console. A sample output printed at the end of demo run: […redacted…] INFO: Merging results… INFO: The resulting table will have 30 rows and 21 columns (in 3 run sets). INFO: Generating table… INFO: Writing HTML into /path/to/artifact/results/demo.table.html … INFO: done When opening the generated HTML table, you will be guided to the Summary page of the experiment, where detailed settings of the experiment and a summary table of the compared tools/algorithms are displayed. If you open tab2.augmented-imc.summary.table.html, in this page you can see the number of proofs found by each compared approach as reported in Table 2. To see the full table, please navigate to the tab Table. By filtering the status from the drop-down menus, you can see the results of Timeouts, Out of memory, and Other inconclusive of each compared approach as reported in Table 2. To inspect the log file of an individual task, click on the status of that task. If the log file cannot be displayed, configure your browser according to the printed instructions. To filter tasks, you can make use of the task filter at the upper-right corner of the page. To view quantile plots, please navigate to tab Quantile Plot and adjust the drop-down menus as you prefer. To view scatter plots, please navigate to tab Scatter Plot, and adjust the x- and y- axes according to your interests. Known Issues of the Artifact Known issues of this artifact are documented below. CPU-throttling Warnings When you perform the demo or full runs (especially on a laptop), BenchExec might raise the following warning: 2023-XX-XX XX:XX:XX - WARNING - CPU throttled itself during benchmarking due to overheating. Benchmark results are unreliable! This is normal on a laptop. Please ignore it. Complete Logs The complete logs produced by each command mentioned above can be found in data-submission/complete-logs.html for reference. | 9 |
a cassette handling apparatus having a main body part ; a cassette receiving part arranged to be able to assume first and second states relative to the main body part ; a moving member arranged to be in a first state when a portion of the cassette is loaded on the cassette receiving part and in a second state upon completion of cassette loading ; and a device for preventing the cassette receiving part from shifting from the first to the second state thereof when the moving member is in the first state thereof and for allowing the cassette receiving part to shift from the first to the second state thereof when the moving member is in its second state , whereby the cassette can be reliably prevented without fail from being used in an incompletely loaded condition on the cassette receiving part . | 6 |
The merging of a binary system involving two neutron stars (NSs), or a black hole (BH) and an NS, often results in the emission of an electromagnetic (EM) transient. One component of this EM transient is the epic explosion known as a kilonova (KN). The characteristics of the KN emission can be used to probe the equation of state (EoS) of NS matter responsible for its formation. We predict KN light curves from computationally simulated BH-NS mergers, by using the 3D radiative transfer code POSSIS. We investigate two EoSs spanning most of the allowed range of the mass-radius diagram. We also consider a soft EoS compatible with the observational data within the so-called 2-families scenario in which hadronic stars co-exist with strange stars. Computed results show that the 2-families scenario, characterized by a soft EoS, should not produce a KN unless the mass of the binary components are small (M<SUB>BH</SUB> ≤ 6 M<SUB>⊙</SUB> and M<SUB>NS</SUB> ≤ 1.4 M<SUB>⊙</SUB>) and the BH is rapidly spinning (χ<SUB>BH</SUB> ≥ 0.3). In contrast, a strong KN signal potentially observable from future surveys (e.g. the Vera Rubin Observatory) is produced in the 1-family scenario for a wider region of the parameter space, and even for non-rotating BHs (χ<SUB>BH</SUB> = 0) when M<SUB>BH</SUB> = 4 M<SUB>⊙</SUB> and M<SUB>NS</SUB> = 1.2 M<SUB>⊙</SUB>. We also provide a fit that allows for the calculation of the unbound mass from the observed KN magnitude, without running timely and costly radiative transfer simulations. Findings presented in this paper will be used to interpret light curves anticipated during the fourth observing run (O4), of the advanced LIGO, advanced Virgo, and KAGRA interferometers and thus to constrain the EoS of NS matter. | 9 |
timepiece including indicator members actuated or not actuated by the movement . these indicator members are composed of movable hour marks represented by the faces of the studs mounted on staffs having planet wheels driven by a rack . the faces of the studs carry stones of various colours . when the movement operates the rack , it determines the change of the hour marks . when operation by the movement is disengaged , manual control elements allow the hour marks appearing on the dial to be changed . | 6 |
the present invention provides systems and methods for the communication of data over telephone lines . a handset orientation tolerant bi - directional acoustic modem according to the invention includes a first transducer operable as a receiving unit under a first condition and as a transmitting unit under a second condition , a second transducer operable as a transmitting unit under the first condition and as a receiving unit under the second condition , and a controller capable of determining the presence of one of the first and the second condition . the presence of the first condition or second condition depends on how the microphone and the speaker of a telephone handset are aligned with respect to the two transducers . the acoustic modem determines the alignment by listening for a detectable dial tone , and then under the first or the second condition , the acoustic modem automatically transmits data to a central site for analysis . | 7 |
carpet yarn is provided which is significantly less sensitive to changing ambient environmental conditions . as such , the carpet yarns exhibit substantially uniform wet bulk properties across a wide range of ambient temperature and / or atmospheric moisture conditions so as to reduce significantly visible streaks in carpets formed of such yarns . in especially preferred embodiments , the carpet yarns when made are subjected to a substantially higher draw ratio and a substantially higher precrimp temperature prior to being brought into contact with water supplied by means of a non - peristaltic , continuous pressure , steady stream pump . the resulting yarn moisture content is increased to a greater level as compared to conventional carpet yarns not possessing the environmental desensitivity exhibited by the yarns of the present invention . | 3 |
this disclosure concerns a semiconductor device comprising a switching transistor provided on a semiconductor substrate ; an interlayer dielectric film formed on the switching transistor ; a ferroelectric capacitor including an upper electrode , a ferroelectric film , and a lower electrode formed on the interlayer dielectric film ; a contact plug provided within the interlayer dielectric film and electrically connected to the lower electrode ; a diffusion layer connected to between the contact plug and the switching transistor ; a barrier metal covering a whole upper surface of the upper electrode ; and an insulation sidewall film provided on a side surface of the barrier metal and provided substantially on a same plane as a side surface of the upper electrode . | 7 |
the present invention comprises a precurved gusseted glove which provides a user &# 39 ; s hand with an outer layer of protection which does not bunch together in the palm of the user . in one embodiment , the precurved gusseted glove is useful in weight training . the precurved gusseted glove has a gusseted side panel which precurves the glove to more naturally fit the curve of a human hand and eliminates the gathering of excess material in the palm of the hand . | 0 |
a method for assembling electrical windings about an axis , the windings being strips and wound in alternating strata with their widths parallel with the axis , includes the steps : winding a first - wound winding in a winding path about the axis establishing a first stratum . arranging the first - wound winding to clear the winding path . winding one or more next windings to establish next - wound windings in the winding path until at least one next stratum is established . interleaving earlier - wound windings to establish the plurality of strata ; the interleaving including the steps of : rearranging a next - to - be - wound winding to realign with the winding path ; winding the next - to - be - wound winding in the winding path until a next stratum is established ; arranging the next - to - be - wound winding to clear the winding path ; and repeating steps through until the assembling is complete . | 7 |
systems and methods are provided that combine private contact information and enterprise application system data in a directory . an embodiment includes receiving private contact information regarding a first employee from a second employee , storing the private contact information regarding the first employee on an eas server , and displaying the private contact information to the second employee upon request , wherein the private contact information is viewable only to the second employee . | 6 |
a glass sheet quench station includes first and second quench sections that cooperate with a three position shuttle and a control to transfer glass sheets through the quench station with partial quenching performed at the first quench station and completion of the quenching at the second quench section . this glass sheet quenching method with two stage quenching shortens the cycle time to provide increased production . | 2 |
a method is provided for locating a fault arising in one or more optical amplifiers from among a plurality of optical amplifiers operating in saturation and located along an optical transmission path . the method begins by generating a cotdr trace representing a backscattered and / or reflected optical power level along the transmission path and comparing the cotdr trace to a previously obtained reference cotdr trace to generate a difference trace that represents a change in gain . the change in gain is assigned to at least one of the plurality of optical amplifiers based on the difference trace . | 7 |
Recent studies have made the community aware of the importance of accounting for scattered light when examining low-surface-brightness galaxy features such as thick discs. In our past studies of the thick discs of edge-on galaxies in the Spitzer Survey of Stellar Structure in Galaxies - the S<SUP>4</SUP>G - we modelled the point spread function as a Gaussian. In this paper we re-examine our results using a revised point spread function model that accounts for extended wings out to more than 2\farcm5. We study the 3.6 μm images of 141 edge-on galaxies from the S<SUP>4</SUP>G and its early-type galaxy extension. Thus, we more than double the samples examined in our past studies. We decompose the surface-brightness profiles of the galaxies perpendicular to their mid-planes assuming that discs are made of two stellar discs in hydrostatic equilibrium. We decompose the axial surface-brightness profiles of galaxies to model the central mass concentration - described by a Sérsic function - and the disc - described by a broken exponential disc seen edge-on. Our improved treatment fully confirms the ubiquitous occurrence of thick discs. The main difference between our current fits and those presented in our previous papers is that now the scattered light from the thin disc dominates the surface brightness at levels below μ 26 mag arcsec<SUP>-2</SUP>. We stress that those extended thin disc tails are not physical, but pure scattered light. This change, however, does not drastically affect any of our previously presented results: 1) Thick discs are nearly ubiquitous. They are not an artefact caused by scattered light as has been suggested elsewhere. 2) Thick discs have masses comparable to those of thin discs in low-mass galaxies - with circular velocities v<SUB>c</SUB>< 120 km s<SUP>-1</SUP> - whereas they are typically less massive than the thin discs in high-mass galaxies. 3) Thick discs and central mass concentrations seem to have formed at the same epoch from a common material reservoir. 4) Approximately 50% of the up-bending breaks in face-on galaxies are caused by the superposition of a thin and a thick disc where the scale-length of the latter is the largest. <P />Data of Figs. B.1 and C.1 are only available at the CDS via anonymous ftp to <A href="http://cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr">http://cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr</A> (<A href="http://130.79.128.5">http://130.79.128.5</A>) or via <A href="http://cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/qcat?J/A+A/610/A5">http://cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/qcat?J/A+A/610/A5</A> | 9 |
disclosed are antibiotic cephalosporins of the formula : ## str1 ## wherein the stylized radical attached to the 7 - amino nitrogen of the cephalosporin moiety represents a nitrogen - containing heterocyclic group ; r is , inter alia , hydrogen , alkyl , heterocyclylalkyl , aryl , alkenyl , aralkyl , -- nr 2 , -- or , coor , conr 2 or cn ; a is conventionally known in the cephalosporin art ; and r 2 is h , or loweralkoxyl ; x is o , ch 2 , or nr 7 ( r 7 is , inter alia , hydrogen , alkyl or aralkyl . also disclosed are the pharmaceutically acceptable salt and ester derivatives of i ; processes for the preparation of such compounds , pharmaceutical compositions comprising such compounds ; and methods of treatment comprising administering such compounds and compositions when an antibiotic effect is indicated . | 2 |
a link plate and a plate - link chain for a vehicle drive . a large number of link plates are articulatingly connected with each other by rocker members , wherein the rocker members run transversely to the longitudinal direction of the plate - link chain . contact surfaces are formed on the rocker members and on the link plates , along which contact surfaces the rocker members and link plates are in contact with each other to transmit force . the respective contact surfaces are each defined by different adjacent curved regions of different radii of curvature that are selected to minimize stress spikes on the link plate contact surfaces , and particular size relationships between the link plates and the rocker members are identified . | 5 |
This Letter examines how the sizes, structures, and color gradients of galaxies change along the quiescent sequence. Our sample consists of ∼400 quiescent galaxies at 1.0 ≤ z ≤ 2.5 and $10.1\leqslant \mathrm{log}{M}_{* }/{M}_{\odot }\leqslant 11.6$ in three CANDELS fields. We exploit deep multi-band Hubble Space Telescope imaging to derive accurate mass profiles and color gradients, then use an empirical calibration from rest-frame UVJ colors to estimate galaxy ages. We find that—contrary to previous results—the youngest quiescent galaxies are not significantly smaller than older quiescent galaxies at fixed stellar mass. These "post-starburst" galaxies only appear smaller in half-light radii because they have systematically flatter color gradients. The strength of color gradients in quiescent galaxies is a clear function of age, with older galaxies exhibiting stronger negative color gradients (i.e., redder centers). Furthermore, we find that the central mass surface density Σ<SUB>1</SUB> is independent of age at fixed stellar mass, and only weakly depends on redshift. This finding implies that the central mass profiles of quiescent galaxies do not significantly change with age; however, we find that older quiescent galaxies have additional mass at large radii. Our results support the idea that building a massive core is a necessary requirement for quenching beyond z = 1, and indicate that post-starburst galaxies are the result of a rapid quenching process that requires structural change. Furthermore, our observed color gradient and mass profile evolution supports a scenario where quiescent galaxies grow inside-out via minor mergers. | 9 |
the present invention provides an agent for ischemic disease , for improving deformability of erythrocyte membranc and for improving peripheral circulation , cohich comprises a tocotrienol compound as an active component . | 0 |
a semiconductor and heat sink assembly of the type having two groups of semiconductor devices only one group of which is operable at any instant in time has the semiconductor devices arranged , with respect to the heat sink portion of the assembly , in a divided manner such that maximum utilization is made of the heat sink to thereby provide improved duty cycle capabilities . | 7 |
an anti - warp package comprising a packaging substrate , a chip and a stiffening member is provided . the chip is disposed on a top surface of the packaging substrate . the stiffening member is disposed on a bottom surface of the packaging substrate in a location underneath the surrounding area of the chip . through the disposition of a stiffening member , warping stress on the packaging substrate when the chip is encapsulated by molding compound is counterbalanced . | 7 |
a system and method for caching data and verifying cached data using a client - server model and meta - data . in particular , a client proxy and a server proxy are in communication with each other and with the client and the server , respectively ; client proxy meta - data and server proxy meta - data related to the data cached by the client proxy and server proxy , respectively , are calculated and communicated between the client proxy and the server proxy ; and the client proxy meta - data and the server proxy meta - data are compared to determine a cache hit or miss . | 7 |
substituted propane - 1 , 3 - diamine derivatives , methods for producing such derivatives , and medicaments and pharmaceutical compositions containing such derivatives useful for the treatment or prophylaxis of pain , urinary incontinence , itching , tinitus aurium , or diarrhea are provided . | 2 |
interactive services are provided by employing a modular approach to implementing interactive services with multiple interfaces . such an approach facilitates supporting natural language understanding interaction with users through use of interfaces that allow at least different ordering of inputs , and / or incomplete information , and / or correction of information , and / or the return of control to prior points in the service . this is realized , in an embodiment of the invention , by employing a single interactive service logic that uses “ reactive constraint graphs ”, i . e ., a form of event - driven graph , in which nodes contain a set of constraints on events . specifically , control progresses from a node to a derivative node , i . e ., “ child ”, only when all the constraints in the set on the node have been satisfied . a single set of constraints implicitly supports a significant number of the possible different orderings of inputs . incomplete information is supported because the constraints in the set are evaluated as soon as possible . correction of information is supported because information in the constraint set is updated upon receipt of new information . indeed , use of the reactive constraint graphs allows nodes to be labeled , and allows control to revert to a prior node , i . e ., ancestor , hence allowing the user to go back to prior points in the service . new inputs can be added to the constraint sets with a complexity polynomial of the order of the input set . | 6 |
an additive for cleaning preparations comprising a foam - inhibitive effective amount of a compound of the formula r . sup . 1 -- choh -- chr . sup . 2 -- o --. sub . n -- r . sup . 3 wherein : r 1 is a straight - chain c 6 - 16 - alkyl ; r 2 is h or a c 1 - 8 - alkyl ; r 3 is a straight - chain or branched c 4 - 8 - alkyl ; and n is a number average of about 7 to 12 ; with the proviso that the total number of carbon atoms in r 1 and r 2 is between 6 and 16 ; and a method of inhibiting foam . | 2 |
an effective - to - real address translation cache management apparatus and method utilizes an effective - to - real address translation cache segment register latch having a bit corresponding to each of the segment registers . when a segment register is utilized to perform an effective - to - real address translation , which is stored in the effective - to - real address translation cache , the corresponding bit in the effective - to - real address translation cache segment register latch is set . in this way , a record is kept of which segment registers are currently mapped in the effective - to - real address translation cache . when a move to segment register instruction alters the content of a segment register , then the effective - to - real address translation cache segment register latch is examined to determine if that segment register has been mapped in the effective - to - real address translation cache . if so , then an effective - to - real address translation cache invalidation latch is set . otherwise , the move to segment register has no effect on the effective - to - real address translation cache . when a context synchronizing event occurs , the effective - to - real address translation cache invalidation latch is examined to determine whether or not to invalidate the effective - to - real address translation cache . in this way , the frequency of effective - to - real address translation cache invalidation may be reduced thereby increasing processor efficiency . | 6 |
in a method and an apparatus for affecting the cornering performance of a motor vehicle , a transverse acceleration of the motor vehicle is determined , a desired transverse tilt of the motor vehicle defined based on the determined transverse acceleration , at least one actuator of an active suspension system of the motor vehicle is adjusted so that the motor vehicle assumes the desired transverse tilt , and an additional actuator intervening in the steering system of the motor vehicle . a yaw movement of the motor vehicle caused by the adjustment of the at least one actuator of the active suspension system is at least partially compensated by the additional actuator . | 1 |
the invention relates to a method and a semifinished product for producing an inlay , in particular for chip cards , stored value cards , identification documents , or the like , having at least two electronic components , all electronic components being arranged in a relative configuration on a carrier substrate to implement a component configuration and the component configuration being arranged in a filler material . furthermore , the invention relates to a method for producing a card having a semifinished product and a card produced using the semifinished product . | 8 |
a system for providing first person , streamed video data to a prospective purchaser to create a realistic shopping experience on - line , consists of or includes receiving data from a user designating a shopping area , presenting to the user video data streams of the selected area , receiving navigation commands from the user to modify the streams , creating for the user the appearance of moving through the selected area , whereby the user may select a store , and likewise receive video data streams for shopping within the store , and for selecting products . | 7 |
The morphology, kinematics, and entrainment mechanism of the HH 46/47 molecular outflow were studied using new ALMA Cycle 0 observations. Results show that the blue and red lobes are strikingly different. We argue that these differences are partly due to contrasting ambient densities that result in different wind components having a distinct effect on the entrained gas in each lobe. A 29 point mosaic, covering the two lobes at an angular resolution of about 3'', detected outflow emission at much higher velocities than previous observations, resulting in significantly higher estimates of the outflow momentum and kinetic energy than previous studies of this source, using the CO(1-0) line. The morphology and the kinematics of the gas in the blue lobe are consistent with models of outflow entrainment by a wide-angle wind, and a simple model describes the observed structures in the position-velocity diagram and the velocity-integrated intensity maps. The red lobe exhibits a more complex structure, and there is evidence that this lobe is entrained by a wide-angle wind and a collimated episodic wind. Three major clumps along the outflow axis show velocity distribution consistent with prompt entrainment by different bow shocks formed by periodic mass ejection episodes which take place every few hundred years. Position-velocity cuts perpendicular to the outflow cavity show gradients where the velocity increases toward the outflow axis, inconsistent with outflow rotation. Additionally, we find evidence for the existence of a small outflow driven by a binary companion. | 9 |
an image forming apparatus includes a detachably - mounted cartridge including a developer accommodating portion for accommodating a developer and an operation member , a remaining amount detector for detecting a remaining amount of developer in the developer accommodating portion , an operation amount detector for detecting a cumulative operation amount of the operation member , and a setting device for setting timing of subsequent remaining amount detection of the remaining amount detector . the remaining amount detector provides a remaining amount ratio of the developer remainder to a maximum accommodation capacity of the developer accommodating portion , and the operation amount detector provides an operation amount ratio of a remaining operation amount until the end of the service life from the detection of the cumulative operation amount to a total operation amount until the end of the service life from an initial state of the operation member . the setting device sets the timing on the basis of a comparison between the remaining amount ratio and the operation amount ratio . | 6 |
an automatic filter shutoff device removably connected to a water container and in fluid communication with a water dispenser , which is adapted to monitor water dispensing and disable dispensing after a predetermined amount of water usage . the device includes a housing containing a water filter and removably connected to the water container ; a monitoring and disabling mechanism having a shutoff apparatus moveable between first and second locations , the first location being one in which water dispensing is monitored by the mechanism , and the second location being one in which the mechanism is placed in an interfering position with the connection between the housing and the water container . the shutoff apparatus automatically moves into the second location after the predetermined amount of water usage has occurred , and without interrupting water dispensing from the then - connected water container , so that the used filter shutoff device must be replaced in order to reestablish connection to a successive water container . a filter mechanism is also provided with a housing containing a water filter and having a throat removably connected to a bottled water container . the throat is a restricted orifice sized to permit a volumetric flow rate of not greater than about 7 , 500 ml ./ min . of water passage during inversion of the water container and initial flow from the container into the filter . a plurality of vent holes are located in an upper surface of the filter housing and sized to permit air from the filter to escape into the water container and allow continuous water flow from the container into the filter . when a new water container is connected to the housing , the water level within the filter does not reach the vent holes in the filter housing . | 2 |
there is described a method and apparatus for supplying power to ancillary equipment comprising a prime mover cooled by a liquid pump to pressurize the liquid , first conduit means for the flow of fluid pressurized by the pump means to the ancillary equipment for actuation thereof and second conduit means for the return flow of liquid to one or both of the prime mover and the pump . | 5 |
a liquid dispensing device is provided with a container having first and second spaces for storing two different lotions respectively ; a first transmission assembly in the first space ; a first dispensing assembly in ratchet engagement with opening of the first space ; a second transmission assembly in the second space ; and a second dispensing assembly in ratchet engagement with opening of the second space . an individual is allowed to use either an application head in the first dispensing assembly or an application head in the second dispensing assembly . | 0 |
pneumatic control valve of a compressed - air brake system of a vehicle , having at least one first valve system which is arranged in an upper housing and has a first valve piston which interacts with a first valve and can be actuated manually or by means of an actuator via a spring element by means of a plunger piston , having a second valve system which is arranged in a lower housing with a coaxially arranged second valve piston which can be actuated pneumatically and / or mechanically by the first valve system and with a second annular plate valve , the first valve piston is guided via the plunger piston in the cylindrical guide in the housing upper part . | 1 |
a high voltage measuring device is disclosed for measuring the voltage between two spaced - apart points using a poled optical fiber that is extended between the points and subjected to an electric field associated with the voltage . a control unit of the device has a light source , which transmits light into the fiber . the device also has a detecting unit for receiving light transmitted through the fiber and for generating a signal corresponding to a change in refractive index of the fiber caused by the electric field . | 6 |
the invention provides an amplifier for providing adaptive operation of an auditory prosthesis . the amplifier receives an input signal and produces an output signal , and comprises a gain control . estimates of the current noise floor value of the input signal are obtained , and in response to a change in the current estimated noise floor value , the gain control alters the amount of gain applied to the input signal . further , in response to the change in the current estimated noise floor value , the gain control alters a gain compression ratio of the amplifier across the dynamic range of the amplifier . the present invention allows for adaptive operation of the amplifier responsive to varying noise floor levels , while maintaining desired gain characteristics of the amplifier across a range of input signal levels . | 7 |
Using Hubble Space Telescope Advanced Camera for Surveys (HST/ACS) and Wide Field Camera 3 (WFC3) observations from the Panchromatic Hubble Andromeda Treasury (PHAT), we present new period-luminosity (P-L) relations for Cepheid variables in M31. Cepheids from several ground-based studies are identified in the PHAT photometry to derive new P-L and Wesenheit P-L relations in the near infrared and visual filters. We derive a distance modulus to M31 of 24.51 ± 0.08 in the IR bands and 24.32 ± 0.09 in the visual bands, including the first P-L relations in the F475W and F814W filters for M31. Our derived visual and IR distance moduli disagree at slightly more than a 1σ level. Differences in the P-L relations between ground-based and HST observations are investigated for a subset of Cepheids. We find a significant discrepancy between ground-based and HST P-L relations with the same Cepheids, suggesting adverse effects from photometric contamination in ground-based Cepheid observations. Additionally, a statistically significant radial trend in the P-L relation is found which does not appear to be explained by metallicity. | 9 |
the present invention provides apparatus and methods of closing internal tissue punctures . the apparatus and method provide for an introducer sheath having at least one side port enabling aspiration of an internal tissue puncture site and injection of a sealant . | 0 |
in a magnetic recording disk file employing a transducing slider which is closely spaced from the disk surface and has side rail members extending in the direction of disk motion and tapered portions at the leading edge , the disk may be cleaned of contaminant particles by moving the slider in increments from the outside disk diameter to the inside diameter , so that the particles first encounter the slider / inner side rail and are swept away , rather than first encountering the tapered portions and being wedged into the magnetic coating . | 6 |
a ham product and method for production thereof described herein separate bone - in hams into smaller pieces . accordingly , pieces of bone - in ham , even those spirally - sliced , will be available to consumers in smaller portions . unlike conventional methods , however , the ham product provides three or four pieces of essentially equal size that each have a nearly equal meat - to - bone ratio . furthermore , when a spiral cut ham is separated into pieces , each piece includes a portion of the femur and retains attachment of the slices to the femur so that the slices stay intact during handling and packaging and so that the pieces retain the natural shape and easy handling desired by consumers . | 0 |
described herein are improved methods for the preparation of 5 - and 6 - membered cyclic mono and diesters of sugar alcohols and anhydrosugar alcohols by reaction with an organic acid rcooh over a solid acidic substrate . the process is adaptable to a continuous process for simultaneously making and separating the cyclic esters from the sugar alcohols and anhydrosugar alcohols under mild conditions using the solid acid substrate as both the catalyst and a chromatographic bed for separation . the reactions are performed at mild temperatures of 70 ° c . to 100 ° c . and the formation of the cyclic esters is nearly quantitative . also described is a method for making 5 - and 6 - membered cyclic mono and diesters of sugar alcohols and anhydrosugar alcohols using microwave irradiation in the presence of the organic acid . | 8 |
provided is a captured image recognition device that enables the performance of an image recognition function to be sufficiently evinced . a field - of - view splitting estimation unit estimates the splitting of the field of view of a camera unit using a captured image . on the basis of the estimated splitting of the field of view , a candidate application selection unit selects , from among a plurality of image recognition applications , candidates for an image recognition application that is favorable or able to execute processing with respect to a current captured image . an image recognition processing unit executes the image recognition application selected by a user from among the candidate applications . as a result , the performance of an image recognition function can be sufficiently evinced as a result of it being possible to execute an image recognition application that is suitable to the current captured image . | 7 |
the present disclosure provides an improved , integrated electronically controlled hydraulic - based torque distribution system and related method . the torque distribution system of the present disclosure includes an electric motor that drives a pump that generates hydraulic pressure used to selectively activate a clutch pack to transfer torque to the wheels of a motor vehicle . | 5 |
apparatus for extraction of oils or fats from oil containing seeds by initially reducing the material size by means of crushing rollers , thereafter heating the material , pressing same in a rotopress having a pressing chamber with decreasing cross section in the direction of the outlet and by finally subjecting the material to a solvent extraction . | 2 |
the present disclosure provides methods and apparatuses for building and executing natural language policies . using the methods and apparatus herein , users can easily program policies in a natural language intuitive manner . the user can program the natural language policy without needing to have technical knowledge of the underlying systems and without the assistance of a technical specialist . | 6 |
a portable communication apparatus including a first housing extending along a longitudinal direction , a second housing connected at substantially one end of the first housing , and a pair of link arms formed on the second housing facing each other , for connecting the second housing to the first housing allowing the second housing to rotate relative to the first housing so that a variety of electronic communication components may be mounted on the second housing , and rotation of the second housing facilitates convenient placement of the electronic component for use . | 7 |
this invention relates to the use of ginkgolides and extracts of ginkgo biloba for inhibiting the membrane expression of benzodiazepine receptors and for inhibiting the release of glucocorticoids in a patient . | 0 |
a computer - implemented system and method is for generating low - density parity check codes . one aspect of the invention includes a method for generating high rate ldpc codes that first constructs a matrix of size m × n having m rows of check nodes and n columns of bit nodes . the matrix meets the following requirements : the weight of the j − th column equals a j ; each row , r , has weight at most b r ; and the matrix h can be represented by a tanner graph that has a girth of at least g ≧ g . the method then iteratively adds an th column to matrix h , wherein the size of u 1 , is initially empty and is at most a n + 1 , and wherein u 1 , comprises a set of i check nodes such that i is greater than or equal to 0 and i is less than a n + 1 . the method then iteratively adds check nodes to u 1 . such that each check node does not violate predetermined girth and check - degree constraints . the matrix h is updated when a new column is added . the iterations are terminated if there are no new check nodes that do not violate the girth and check - degree constraints . the method can be modified to optimize various parameters , including the following cases : maximizing the rate for a fixed girth ; maximizing the girth for a fixed rate ; and maximizing the rate for a fixed girth and fixed length . | 7 |
disclosed are various embodiments for holding and organizing surgical instruments in a surgical environment . in one embodiment , a surgical instrument holder comprises an elongated body portion including a plurality of slots . each of the slots may be configured so as to retain a surgical instrument in a fixed position . the elongated body portion may have a base surface configured to contact a table surface . | 0 |
a proess , and a composition of matter utilized therein , to obtain transformation of the glochidia of freshwater mussels to the juvenile stage . in nature , glochidia normally transform while as parasites on fish . the instant artificial process involves the use of cell culture and bacteriological techniques to best assure environmental integrity during the protracted culture period . the composition of the media includes a combination of the blood plasma of fish and commonly available tissue culture fluids and inorganic salts . a nonspecific component of fish blood plasma in combination with the media , supra , was determined to be essential for glochidial transformation to juveniles . | 8 |
Context. The interaction of the light from astronomical objects with the constituents of the Earth's atmosphere leads to the formation of telluric absorption lines in ground-based collected spectra. Correcting for these lines, mostly affecting the red and infrared region of the spectrum, usually relies on observations of specific stars obtained close in time and airmass to the science targets, therefore using precious observing time. <BR /> Aims: We present molecfit, a tool to correct for telluric absorption lines based on synthetic modelling of the Earth's atmospheric transmission. Molecfit is versatile and can be used with data obtained with various ground-based telescopes and instruments. <BR /> Methods: Molecfit combines a publicly available radiative transfer code, a molecular line database, atmospheric profiles, and various kernels to model the instrument line spread function. The atmospheric profiles are created by merging a standard atmospheric profile representative of a given observatory's climate, of local meteorological data, and of dynamically retrieved altitude profiles for temperature, pressure, and humidity. We discuss the various ingredients of the method, its applicability, and its limitations. We also show examples of telluric line correction on spectra obtained with a suite of ESO Very Large Telescope (VLT) instruments. <BR /> Results: Compared to previous similar tools, molecfit takes the best results for temperature, pressure, and humidity in the atmosphere above the observatory into account. As a result, the standard deviation of the residuals after correction of unsaturated telluric lines is frequently better than 2% of the continuum. <BR /> Conclusions: Molecfit is able to accurately model and correct for telluric lines over a broad range of wavelengths and spectral resolutions. The accuracy reached is comparable to or better than the typical accuracy achieved using a telluric standard star observation. The availability of such a general tool for telluric absorption correction may improve future observational and analysing strategies, as well as empower users of archival data. <P />Molecfit is available at <A href="http://www.eso.org/pipelines/skytools">http://www.eso.org/pipelines/skytools</A>Based on observations made with ESO Telescopes at the La Silla Paranal Observatory under programme IDs: 60.A-9100, 60.A-9452, 076.C-0129, 075.A-0603, 079.D-0374, 080.D-0526, 290.C-5022, 092.D-0024, 084.D-0912, 085.D-0161, 086.D-0066, and 088.D-0109. | 9 |
We have performed ab initio neutrino radiation hydrodynamics simulations in three and two spatial dimensions (3D and 2D) of core-collapse supernovae from the same 15 M <SUB>⊙</SUB> progenitor through 440 ms after core bounce. Both 3D and 2D models achieve explosions; however, the onset of explosion (shock revival) is delayed by ∼100 ms in 3D relative to the 2D counterpart and the growth of the diagnostic explosion energy is slower. This is consistent with previously reported 3D simulations utilizing iron-core progenitors with dense mantles. In the ∼100 ms before the onset of explosion, diagnostics of neutrino heating and turbulent kinetic energy favor earlier explosion in 2D. During the delay, the angular scale of convective plumes reaching the shock surface grows and explosion in 3D is ultimately lead by a single, large-angle plume, giving the expanding shock a directional orientation not dissimilar from those imposed by axial symmetry in 2D simulations. We posit that shock revival and explosion in the 3D simulation may be delayed until sufficiently large plumes form, whereas such plumes form more rapidly in 2D, permitting earlier explosions. | 9 |
an air inversion and steam cure apparatus for installing a flexible resin impregnated cured in place liner in an existing conduit is provided . the apparatus has a low friction seal between a moving liner and the stationary apparatus gland . the gland is operated and adjusted by displaceable members that move substantially perpendicular to the liner being inverted to engage the moving liner as it passes through the gland . no part of the gland extends into the chamber so that once a pre - shaped gland is adjusted , the pressure on the moving liner is not increased . as the liner reaches the distal end , it enters a sample and porting pipe with an exhaust pipe gland and exhaust pipe and is pierced by a rigid porting tool . steam is then introduced into the liner to cure the resin and is exhausted through an exhaust hose connected to the porting tool . after cure , steam is replaced with air to cool the liner and the ends are cut to restore service through the existing conduit . | 8 |
Binks & Jeffries and Malo et al. have recently reported Li depletion boundary (LDB) ages for the β Pictoris moving group (BPMG) which are twice as old as the oft-cited kinematic age of ∼12 Myr. In this study, we present (1) a new evaluation of the internal kinematics of the BPMG using the revised Hipparcos astrometry and best available published radial velocities, and assess whether a useful kinematic age can be derived, and (2) derive an isochronal age based on the placement of the A-, F-, and G-type stars in the colour-magnitude diagram (CMD). We explore the kinematics of the BPMG looking at velocity trends along Galactic axes, and conducting traceback analyses assuming linear trajectories, epicyclic orbit approximation, and orbit integration using a realistic gravitational potential. None of the methodologies yield a kinematic age with small uncertainties using modern velocity data. Expansion in the Galactic X and Y directions is significant only at the 1.7σ and 2.7σ levels, and together yields an overall kinematic age with a wide range (13-58 Myr; 95 per cent CL). The A-type members are all on the zero-age main sequence, suggestive of an age of >20 Myr, and the loci of the CMD positions for the late-F- and G-type pre-main-sequence BPMG members have a median isochronal age of 22 Myr (± 3 Myr statistical, ±1 Myr systematic) when considering four sets of modern theoretical isochrones. The results from recent LDB and isochronal age analyses are now in agreement with a median BPMG age of 23 ± 3 Myr (overall 1σ uncertainty, including ±2 Myr statistical and ±2 Myr systematic uncertainties). | 9 |
a hidden ventilating sill plate is fundamentally a new building product , installed along the top surface of the exterior perimeter foundation . it replaces the existing wood sill plate . the invention has a continuous set of air slot channels of a proscribed size perpendicular to the longitudinal axis , along its base , communicating natural air flow from the exterior to the interior of the crawlspace . the exterior side of the slot channels can open earthwards to allow the venting to be completely hidden from view , when the sill member extends out beyond the exterior face of the foundation and wall . the vent concealment feature also functions as a base to the siding and an integral drip edge . insect mitigation is achieve by adding a mesh screen over the exterior exposed slotted openings . the preferred material for this invention is a plastic - fiber composite , allowing rot resistance , shear capabilities and , rapid extrusion or molding of the sill profile . | 4 |
a method of reducing &# 34 ; fall back &# 34 ; contamination caused by high intensity heating of metals is taught . splatter , vapor droplets and particulate matter resulting from the high intensity heating is repelled to avoid return to the melt . an electric field is established above the heating zone to repel the vapor droplets and particles from at least one charged electrode disposed above the surface where high intensity heat is applied to a metal surface . | 7 |
the method of making a coated paper having a thermal shrinkage force , which satisfies the following relationship 0 ≦ r ≦ 45 gf , includes coating a paper web on both sides with an aqueous solution of polyvinyl alcohol to form a coated paper web , drying the coated paper web to form a base paper with a polyvinyl alcohol coating having a coating weight on a dry basis of 0 . 5 to 5 . 0 g / m 2 per side of the base paper and then applying a coating composition composed of an adhesive and at least one inorganic pigment to the base paper having the polyvinyl alcohol coating , followed by drying in order to form a coating layer on the base paper . the aqueous solution of the polyvinyl alcohol preferably has a viscosity of from 100 to 2000 mpa · s measured with a brookfield viscometer at 60 rpm and 20 ° c . and the polyvinyl alcohol dissolved in the aqueous solution has a saponification degree of not less than 85 mol %. the base paper preferably has an air resistance of 1000 seconds or higher based on the measurement pursuant to jis - p - 8117 . | 8 |
We present the selection algorithm and anticipated results for the Time Domain Spectroscopic Survey (TDSS). TDSS is an Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS)-IV Extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (eBOSS) subproject that will provide initial identification spectra of approximately 220,000 luminosity-variable objects (variable stars and active galactic nuclei across 7500 deg<SUP>2</SUP> selected from a combination of SDSS and multi-epoch Pan-STARRS1 photometry. TDSS will be the largest spectroscopic survey to explicitly target variable objects, avoiding pre-selection on the basis of colors or detailed modeling of specific variability characteristics. Kernel Density Estimate analysis of our target population performed on SDSS Stripe 82 data suggests our target sample will be 95% pure (meaning 95% of objects we select have genuine luminosity variability of a few magnitudes or more). Our final spectroscopic sample will contain roughly 135,000 quasars and 85,000 stellar variables, approximately 4000 of which will be RR Lyrae stars which may be used as outer Milky Way probes. The variability-selected quasar population has a smoother redshift distribution than a color-selected sample, and variability measurements similar to those we develop here may be used to make more uniform quasar samples in large surveys. The stellar variable targets are distributed fairly uniformly across color space, indicating that TDSS will obtain spectra for a wide variety of stellar variables including pulsating variables, stars with significant chromospheric activity, cataclysmic variables, and eclipsing binaries. TDSS will serve as a pathfinder mission to identify and characterize the multitude of variable objects that will be detected photometrically in even larger variability surveys such as Large Synoptic Survey Telescope. | 9 |
a scroll type fluid machine having two scroll members each having an end plate and a spiral wrap formed on the end plate , the scroll members being coupled to each other such that the wraps thereof mate with each other . one of two scroll members being adapted to make an orbitary movement with respect to the other scroll member while being prevented from rotating around its own axis , so as to form at least one working chamber of different pressures between two scroll members . at least two pressing force imparting chambers are formed on the opposite side of the orbitary scroll member to the wrap . the pressing force imparting chambers includes a first chamber which is communicated through a communication passage with at least one of the working chambers which is not materially communicating with a low pressure port and is not at all communicating with a high pressure port of the machine , and a second chamber which is communicated with the high pressure port through a communication passage , so that fluid pressures of different levels are applied to the first and second pressing force imparting chambers so as to produce a force which presses the orbitary scroll member to the other scroll member . | 5 |
infusion systems and methods for infusing one or more drugs or other agents into the body of a human or animal subject . the system is programmed to take remedial action upon sensing of a fault or error in connection with the infusion . in some embodiments , an agent may be infused through redundant flowpaths and , if a fault occurs in one flowpath , the system may respond by increasing flowrate through other non - faulting flowpath . in some embodiments , the fault may be a physiological reaction or symptom in the subject and the system may respond by adjusting or stopping flowrate or one or more agents or changing the ratio of simultaneously infused agents . | 0 |
a cleaning wafer or substrate for use in cleaning , or in combination with , components of , for example , integrated chip manufacturing apparatus . the cleaning substrate can include a substrate having varying predetermined surface features , such as one or more predetermined adhesive , non - tacky , electrostatic , projection , depression , or other physical sections . the predetermined features can provide for more effective cleaning of the components with which they are used , such as an integrated chip manufacturing apparatus in the place of the integrated chip wafer . the cleaning substrate can be urged into cleaning or other position by vacuum , mechanical , electrostatic , or other forces . the cleaning substrate can adapted to accomplish a variety of functions , including abrading or polishing . the cleaning substrate may be made by a novel method of making , and it may then be used in a novel method of use i combination with chip manufacturing apparatus . | 1 |
a discharge apparatus for use in bins or hoppers in which a pluraity of rolls are disposed in a lower portion of the bin , and are so arranged to inhibit gravitational flow of material between the spaces defined by adjacent rolls . the rolls include knobs , plates , or the like extending outwardly therefrom , and the rolls may be arranged in a single row , or in multiple rows . when the rolls are rotated , material above the rolls is permitted to flow between the rolls and out of the bin or hopper . the rolls may be horizontal , or inclined , and may be variously shaped , including cylindrical , conical , or other geometrically complimentary shapes . | 1 |
an impedance matched resonant circuit uses inductors coupling an audio source and a speaker array in order to reduce feedback reflection induced by an audio signal traveling from the audio source to the array of speakers . an rc circuit could also be coupled to the positive and negative terminals of the speaker array to reduce the slope differential of the audio signal at certain frequencies . the circuit can be packaged together in a single module with switches to activate and deactivate portions of the circuit to alter the effectiveness of the circuit depending upon need . | 7 |
a mouthpiece assembly includes a tubular member and a ligature for attaching a reed to the tubular member . the ligature is structured to be infinitely adjustable in size as selected by a musician to fit many different sized woodwind mouthpieces . | 6 |
RAPIDpy updated for initial CF-1.6 compliant version of RAPID. There are also simple tests added to ensure the functionality of the code is correct. | 9 |
a bi - static radar configuration measures the direct time - of - flight of a transmitted rf pulse and is capable of measuring this time - of - flight with a jitter on the order of about one pico - second , or about 0 . 01 inch of free space distance for an electromagnetic pulse over a range of about one to ten feet . a transmitter transmits a sequence of electromagnetic pulses in response to a transmit timing signal , and a receiver samples the sequence of electromagnetic pulses with controlled timing in response to a receive timing signal , and generates a sample signal in response to the samples . a timing circuit supplies the transmit timing signal to the transmitter and supplies the receive timing signal to the receiver . the receive timing signal causes the receiver to sample the sequence of electromagnetic pulses such that the time between transmission of pulses in the sequence and sampling by the receiver sweeps over a range of delays . the receive timing signal sweeps over the range of delays in a sweep cycle such that pulses in the sequence are sampled at the pulse repetition rate , and with different delays in the range of delays to produce a sample signal representing magnitude of a received pulse in equivalent time . automatic gain control circuitry in the receiver controls the magnitude of the equivalent time sample signal . a signal processor analyzes the sample signal to indicate the time - of - flight of the electromagnetic pulses in the sequence . the sample signal in equivalent time is passed through an envelope detection circuit , formed of an absolute value circuit followed by a low pass filter , to convert the sample signal to a unipolar signal to eliminate effects of antenna misorientation . | 6 |
a system for rapid replacement of abrasive in machinery which uses the abrasive to finish the surfaces of workpieces that pass through the machinery on a belt , such as so - called widebelt sanders . one preferred embodiment of the system employs an abrasive material that is frictionally held on each edge to mounts . the position of the mounts may be varied to increase or decrease the tension of abrasive material against the working surface of the platen , that the assembly may be removed from the apparatus . in another embodiment , the abrasive material is formed with integral , permanent mounts on the edges of the abrasive material , so that the entire combination may be supplied or replaced as a unit . a variety of configurations of mounts may be used . | 1 |
a lighting apparatus using at least one light - emitting diode , back - reflecting collection optics for leds , and an improved heat sink mounting apparatus which promotes efficient heat dissipation generated from the led while minimizing light obstruction and glare . the lighting apparatus contains a main housing ; a reflector disposed within the main housing , the reflector having a front side and a rear side ; a top rim thermally coupled to one end of the main housing ; a heat conducting body positioned to face the front side of the reflector , the heat conducting body comprising a heat pipe thermally coupled to the top rim ; at least one light - emitting diode thermally coupled to the heat conducting body , the at least one light - emitting diode being positioned to face directly at the front side of the reflector so that light emitted from the at least one light - emitting diode is directed to the front side of the reflector . | 5 |
the standard game of asia poker is modified by dividing the seven cards dealt to each participant into three groups or hands rather than two , with the three groups containing four cards , two cards or one card , respectively . to win , a player must win on at least two of three hands , and because there are three hands rather than two , the number of tied hands or “ pushes ” is greatly reduced . each player is also allowed to place a separate bonus wager that the cards of the hand of the player will match one hand of a posted table of payout hands . in addition , each player is also allowed to place a separate “ win all three ” wager that all three hands of the player will be of higher rank than the three hands of the dealer . | 0 |
a liquid recording head for effecting recording by ejecting droplets from a plurality of ejection outlets formed on a substrate is provided . the liquid recording head includes a plurality of large droplet ejection outlets each having a relatively large ejection amount , a plurality of small droplet ejection outlets each having a relatively small ejection amount , energy generating elements for generating energy for ejecting the droplets from the plurality of large droplet ejection outlets and the plurality of small droplet ejection outlets , a liquid chamber for retaining liquid to be ejected from the plurality of large droplet ejection outlets or the plurality of small droplet ejection outlets , at least two first flow passages for establishing communication between the liquid chamber and one of the large droplet ejection outlets , and second flow passages for establishing communication between the liquid chamber and the small droplet ejection outlets . | 1 |
a pump for a dishwasher is configured as an impeller pump having a central water inflow to a rotating impeller for conveying the water in the radial direction out of the impeller into a pump chamber which surrounds the impeller in a ring - like manner and has a heated pump chamber wall on its outer side . here , the pump has an outlet in the end region of the pump chamber at an axial spacing from the impeller . heating elements which have a decreasing power output with regard to the area power output in the axial direction of the pump toward the outlet are arranged on the pump chamber wall . an input of energy into the pump chamber can thus be varied and in the process adapted depending on a turbulent or laminar flow . | 5 |
a method and device for facilitating maintenance of an anode of a marine engine cooling system , the device including an anode for use with an anode plug such as , for example , an anode plug that has a detachable component with a threaded end for mounting to a threaded bore of a cooling system structure , and a connector that holds the anode , the anode having an indicator for indicating a condition of the anode which is indicative of a need to replace the anode the method permits changing the anode by removing and / or reinstalling an anode while preventing or minimizing water from exiting the cooling system of the marine engine . | 2 |
The spectral signatures of optical absorbers, when combined with those of infrared molecules, play a critical role in constraining the cloud properties of exoplanet atmospheres. We aim to use optical transmission spectroscopy to confirm the tentative color signature previously observed by multiband photometry in the atmosphere of hot Jupiter HAT-P-55b. We observed a transit of HAT-P-55b with the OSIRIS spectrograph on the Gran Telescopio Canarias (GTC). We created two sets of spectroscopic light curves using the conventional band-integrated method and the newly proposed pixel-based method to derive the transmission spectrum. We performed Bayesian spectral retrieval analyses on the transmission spectrum to interpret the observed atmospheric properties. The transmission spectra derived from the two methods are consistent, both spectrally resolving the tentative color signature observed by MuSCAT2. The retrievals on the combined OSIRIS and MuSCAT2 transmission spectrum yield the detection of Na at 5.5$\sigma$ and the tentative detection of MgH at 3.4$\sigma$. The current optical-only wavelength coverage cannot constrain the absolute abundances of the atmospheric species. Space-based observations covering the molecular infrared bands or ground-based high-resolution spectroscopy are needed to further constrain the atmospheric properties of HAT-P-55b. | 9 |
a computer housing includes a front plate , a front panel and a fixing mechanism for the front panel . the front plate has at least two holes . the front panel has at least two engaging slots corresponding to the holes . the fixing mechanism includes two hooking plates and at least two springs . the hooking plates are slidably disposed on an inner side of the front plate . each of the hooking plates has at least one hook passing through the hole to limit the hooking plate slidably between a first position and a second position . the spring connects the hooking plate and the front plate . the elasticity of the spring enforces the hooking plate and the hook abuts one edge of the hole to maintain the hooking plate on the first position . | 6 |
a method for determining a volume of ablated tissue includes the steps of supplying energy to tissue , indicating an axis within the tissue , and simulating slicing of the tissue substantially perpendicular to the axis to obtain a plurality of simulated slices . each of the plurality of simulated slices has a thickness , a cross - sectional perimeter , and a trajectory point defined by the axis within the tissue . the method further includes the steps of determining a volume of each of the plurality of simulated slices based on the trajectory point , the cross - sectional perimeter , and the thickness of each simulated slice , and summing the volumes from each of the plurality of simulated slices to obtain the volume of the ablated tissue . | 0 |
a shoe having increased flexibility and ability to twist and bend in a variety of directions is disclosed . the shoe is constructed by an overlap slip last construction in which the last allowance of the upper of the shoe is stitched to the sole or mid - sole , not cemented to the sole . the presence of a full insole board and wrap in the forepart of the shoe as well as a conventional shank is eliminated . | 0 |
a manufacturing method for reverse conducting insulated gate bipolar transistor , the manufacturing method is characterized by the use of polysilicon for filling in grooves on the back of a reverse conducting insulated gate bipolar transistor . the parameters of reverse conducting diodes on the back of the reverse conducting insulated gate bipolar transistor can be controlled simply by controlling the doping concentration of the polysilicon accurately , indicating relatively low requirements for process control . the reverse conducting insulated gate bipolar transistor manufacturing method is relatively low in requirements for process control and relatively small in manufacturing difficulty . | 7 |
an optically pumped semiconductor ring laser having a plurality of reflective elements optically aligned with one another to form a ring - shaped resonant cavity . a semiconductor lasing medium is mounted within the ring - shaped resonant cavity by a transparent , heat conductive mount located within a vacuum / cooling chamber of the type which allows the passage of a laser beam therethrough . a pump beam initiates a lasing action within the ring - shaped resonant cavity to produce said laser beam and said laser beam exits the resonant cavity as a pair of outputs . an alternate embodiment of the above described semiconductor ring laser provides a semblance of unidirectional lasing operation . | 7 |
a spotlight that utilizes a plurality of light emitting diodes . the spotlight converges light beams from the leds to a concentrated beam of light of a defined width . each led has its own parabolic reflector . the parabolic reflectors are focused so that bright , collimated light beams from the parabolic reflectors are converged and collocated at a defined distance to give the appearance of a single , narrow intense beam of light . | 5 |
To study the impact of sparsity and galaxy bias on void statistics, we use a single large-volume, high-resolution N-body simulation to compare voids in multiple levels of subsampled dark matter, halo populations, and mock galaxies from a halo occupation distribution model tuned to different galaxy survey densities. We focus our comparison on three key observational statistics: number functions, ellipticity distributions, and radial density profiles. We use the hierarchical tree structure of voids to interpret the impacts of sampling density and galaxy bias, and theoretical and empirical functions to describe the statistics in all our sample populations. We are able to make simple adjustments to theoretical expectations to offer prescriptions for translating from analytics to the void properties measured in realistic observations. We find that sampling density has a much larger effect on void sizes than galaxy bias. At lower tracer density, small voids disappear and the remaining voids are larger, more spherical, and have slightly steeper profiles. When a proper lower mass threshold is chosen, voids in halo distributions largely mimic those found in galaxy populations, except for ellipticities, where galaxy bias leads to higher values. We use the void density profile of Hamaus et al. to show that voids follow a self-similar and universal trend, allowing simple translations between voids studied in dark matter and voids identified in galaxy surveys. We have added the mock void catalogues used in this work to the Public Cosmic Void Catalog at http://www.cosmicvoids.net. | 9 |
techniques and tools are described for providing navigation assistance when there are multiple turns in succession in a short period of time or distance . in one embodiment , the route information can be reviewed to determine multiple turns in sequence that are less than a predetermined distance apart . these so - called “ tight turns ” can be handled differently than other turns by announcing the tight turns in a single combination instruction . additional lane guidance can also be provided . in another embodiment , an audio feedback can be used to indicate that a user completed a successful turn . such audio feedback can be in combination with the identified tight turns or independently for other turns or events . the audio feedback can also be an indication for the user to tap the display , wherein the tapping results in an immediate indication of the next turn . | 6 |
an apparatus for removing heat from a turbine includes a stator having a cavity and a first plenum and a second plenum inside the cavity . the second plenum is connected to the first plenum and surrounds the first plenum inside the cavity . a refrigerant flows through the first plenum and the second plenum to remove heat from the stator . a method for cooling a turbine includes forming a cavity in a component to be cooled , installing a first plenum inside the cavity , and installing a second plenum inside the cavity . the method further includes connecting the second plenum to the first plenum , surrounding the first plenum with the second plenum inside the cavity , and flowing a refrigerant through the first plenum and the second plenum to cool the component . | 5 |
a bag mount assembly for a vacuum cleaner includes a vacuum cleaner housing including an air inlet and a mounting plate which is pivotably mounted to the housing in relation to the air inlet . the mounting plate includes a planar body and a channel extending from one edge of the body . the channel is adapted to selectively hold a reinforced collar of an associated vacuum cleaner bag . in this way , the vacuum cleaner bag can be selectively connected to the air inlet or be rotated away therefrom in order to facilitate the changing of the bag . | 0 |
the present invention provides for a cooling system for circulating a coolant to cool the patient bore . in one embodiment , that patient bore consists of two concentric cylinders separated by spacers running either longitudinally or helically . in another embodiment of the present invention , fluid may be passed either helically or longitudinally through tubes bonded to the outer diameter of the patient bore such that the parts of the bore that are exposed to the patient are directly cooled . in a third embodiment , the rf coil could form part of the patient bore , with the helical or longitudinal fluid channels surrounding the patient bore . | 7 |
an updraft carburetor of the type used on normally aspirated light aircraft engines and having a manually operable cable controlled mixture mechanism is provided with a biasing device which urges the mixture mechanism toward the full rich position to prevent engine failure in the event of cable failure . | 5 |
a mating assembly for sectional doors includes matable end portions formed on door sections with a first concave portion configured to accept a second convex portion with the concave portion and the convex portion having different curvature radii , the end portions being joined for relative movement by a pinned hinge member with the hinge pin having a series of lateral projections and the hinge member having stop members to engage the lateral projections to prevent hinge pin rotation . | 4 |
a method and apparatus are disclosed for measuring changes in relative distance between a float and both a signal source and a detector . also disclosed is the advantageous use of such an apparatus for detecting losses as little as 0 . 02 gallons of liquid per hour from a tank otherwise capable of storing 1 , 000 gallons or more of such a liquid . | 6 |
the invention relates to methods and apparatus for detecting properties of suspended particles . embodiments disclosed include an optical instrument for detecting properties of a sample , comprising : a sample cell for holding a sample of a particulate dispersion ; a coherent light source configured to illuminate the sample in the sample cell ; a light intensity detector positioned to receive and measure an intensity of light from the coherent light source elastically scattered by the sample in the sample cell ; and a spectral light detector positioned and configured to receive and measure a range of wavelengths of light from the coherent radiation source inelastically scattered by the sample in the sample cell . | 6 |
a bond pad structure and method of forming the bond pad structure which provides for reliable interconnections between the bond pad structure and the next level of circuit integration . the bond pad structure uses three metal pads separated by layers of dielectric . via plugs are formed between the first and second metal pads and between the second and third metal pads . the via plugs are formed in a diamond shape with respect to the metal pads . the metal pads are squares with the same orientation . the periphery of the via plugs forms a square rotated 45 ° with respect to the square metal pads . | 7 |
Release in Feb 2020 | 9 |
miniature thermal fluid flow sensors of the airfoil type are made in batch form by forming the thermal fluid flow sensors on a thin sheet of material and bonding the sheet over an array of duct structures and dicing the individual sensors and duct structures apart . in another embodiment , thin carrier sheet portions of a wafer bearing the thermal fluid flow sensors of the airfoil or grid type are supported by surrounding frame portions of the wafer . the wafer is diced to separate the individual sensing chips . the respective chips are mounted across respective fluid flow ducts . for the airfoil type sensor , portions of the frame are broken away for undisturbed flow over the thin carrier and sensor . in one thermal flow sensor configuration , a flow heater is disposed in between first and second thermal flow sensors in heat exchanging relation therewith . a third thermal flow sensor is disposed upstream of the others out of heat exchanging relation with the heater for operation of the heater at a certain temperature above that sensed by the third sensor . in the low flow regime , flow is measured by the difference between the outputs of the first and second sensors , whereas in the high flow regime , the power required to maintain the temperature of the heater serves as a measure of the flow . | 6 |
the invention provides a distributed application server comprising a cluster of two or more nodes in a peer configuration . the two or more nodes are associated with at least one message stream comprising a plurality of messages propagated through the associated nodes . the invention also provides a method of implementing a distributed application server comprising the steps of arranging a cluster of two or more nodes in a peer configuration and associating the nodes with at least one message stream . | 7 |
a method of routing calls through a network includes : receiving an incoming call at a signaling transfer point ; transferring information related to the incoming call to a routing engine by decoding isup signaling information related to the incoming call ; determining an optimized route based at least in part on the transferred information ; and signaling the stp to a destination number based on the optimized route . | 7 |
providing reliable testing of a device under test by compensating for a reduced voltage inside the device without changing the internal circuitry of the device . the dut has multiple connection terminals for connecting to the test equipment including at least first and second power connection terminals that both connect to an internal power bus of the dut . an adapter board connects to the multiple connection terminals of the dut via a removably attachable socket which holds the dut . a tester supplies power to the dut through the adapter board . the adapter board is configured to supply power from the tester to the dut through the first power connection terminal and to monitor voltage at the second power connection terminal . the tester includes a compensation unit which controls power based on the voltage monitored at the second power connection terminal . | 6 |
a chess - like board game for use by two players comprises a checker board having a peripheral checker playing area with rows and columns of bilaterally alternating colored spaces . a central playing area comprising a checker area with rows and columns of bilaterally alternating colored spaces of a different color indicating the sea . the checkered areas are aligned both in rows and columns for movement of pieces along the outer peripheral area or through the central area . a set of chess - like pieces are provided on each side of the playing board including a plurality of different pieces having different moving characteristics . each side of the board is provided with a marked area indicated as the target area for occupation by pieces of the opposing side . the central playing area is provided with pieces functioning as boats for movement of the playing pieces across the sea . the boats may move only when occupied and then according to the characteristics of the piece occupying the boat . one boat is provided which is large enough to contain three different pieces and moves according to the characteristics any or all of the pieces occupying said boat . | 0 |
We propose the Cosmic Evolution Early Release Science (CEERS) Survey (NOI #135), which covers 100 sq. arcmin with JWST imaging and spectroscopy, and is designed to achieve the DD-ERS goals. <P />CEERS will inform the selection of a wide variety of spectroscopic targets for Cycle 2 with a practical choice of imaging area, depth, and wavelength coverage, targeting a field that is supported by a rich set of HST/CANDELS multi-wavelength data. <P />CEERS will demonstrate, test, and validate efficient extragalactic surveys with coordinated, overlapping parallel observations with the JWST instrument suite, including NIRCam and MIRI imaging, NIRSpec R 100 and R 1000 spectroscopy, and NIRCam slitless grism (R 1500) spectroscopy. These tests enable Cycle 2 observations, including validating JWST parallel observing modes, dither and exposure-time strategies, and spectroscopic observing modes including slit-loss corrections. <P />CEERS enables immediate community science into both extragalactic JWST science drivers “First Light and Reionization” and “The Assembly of Galaxies”, including: 1) The discovery of 20-80 galaxies at z 9-13, constraining their abundance and physical nature; 2) Deep spectra of >400 galaxies at z>3, including 40 known candidates at 63; and 4) Characterizing galaxy mid-IR emission to study dust-obscured star-formation and supermassive black hole growth at z 1-3. <P />The CEERS collaboration is diverse on many axes with demonstrated expertise in rapid delivery of high-level science products. | 9 |
Subsets and Splits
No saved queries yet
Save your SQL queries to embed, download, and access them later. Queries will appear here once saved.