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a dynamic random access memory comprising a matrix of memory cells accessed via word lines and bit lines also has clamp signal lines . the word lines terminate at switching elements , controlled by the clamp signal lines , through which the word lines are normally clamped to ground . in a memory access or refresh cycle , the selected word line is temporarily disconnected from ground by activating the corresponding clamp signal line . at the end of the cycle , the selected word line is again clamped to ground prior to precharging of the bit lines , in preparation for the next cycle . non - selected word lines remain clamped to ground at all times , which prevents noise and improves data retention . unnecessary current dissipation is avoided because switching elements are switched and word lines are unclamped only when necessary . | 6 |
a dispenser of individual sheets by unwinding from the center of a product in roll form , without a central tube , having a plurality of successive sheets forming a coiled strip , a free end of which projects toward the outside of the roll from the center , of the type including a fixed dispensing nozzle which delimits a passage of frustoconical general shape and which includes a generally vertically oriented cutout to make it easier to introduce the free end of the strip of a roll into the passage , the width of the cutout in the vicinity of the upper orifice of the passage being markedly greater than its width in line with the lower outlet orifice of the nozzle . | 0 |
a method and device for monitoring operation of a high voltage generator which converts an input voltage into an output voltage which is higher than the input voltage , by measuring at least one first physical quantity which is representative of the input voltage ; deriving at least one parameter from the at least one measured first physical quantity ; comparing the at least one parameter with a second measured physical quantity which is representative of the magnitude of the output voltage ; and producing a response when a predetermined minimum differential exists between the at least one parameter and the second measured physical quantity . | 1 |
systems and a method for categorizing items in both actual and virtual categories are described . the method receives a selection that identifies a parent category and a first category based on the parent category . the method further identifies the plurality of data items based on a link from the first category to a second category . the data items are not user - classifiable under the first category and are user - classified under the second category . the method finally communicates a user interface , over a network , that includes the plurality of data items . | 6 |
there is provided an antenna small in its size but capable of achieving sufficient gain . the antenna comprises antenna elements connected to a power source . the antenna elements comprise upstanding vertical sections connected to the power source and horizontal sections substantially parallel with a ground pattern and having one end thereof connected to an end portion of the vertical sections . the antenna elements further comprise short stubs provided away from the vertical sections toward the other end of the horizontal sections and connected to the ground pattern , and open - ended open stubs provided away from the short stubs toward the other end of the horizontal sections and extending from the horizontal sections toward the ground pattern . the antenna elements are made of a metal foil and are provided on an antenna board . | 7 |
The debris disk around β Pictoris is known to contain gas. Previous ALMA observations revealed a CO belt at ∼85 au with a distinct clump, interpreted as a location of enhanced gas production. Photodissociation converts CO into C and O within ∼50 a. We resolve C I emission at 492 GHz using ALMA and study its spatial distribution. C I shows the same clump as seen for CO. This is surprising, as C is expected to quickly spread in azimuth. We derive a low C mass (between 5 × 10<SUP>-4</SUP> and 3.1 × 10<SUP>-3</SUP> {M}<SUB>\oplus </SUB>), indicating that gas production started only recently (within ∼5000 a). No evidence is seen for an atomic accretion disk inward of the CO belt, perhaps because the gas did not yet have time to spread radially. The fact that C and CO share the same asymmetry argues against a previously proposed scenario where the clump is due to an outward-migrating planet trapping planetesimals in a resonance, nor can the observations be explained by an eccentric planetesimal belt secularly forced by a planet. Instead, we suggest that the dust and gas disks should be eccentric. Such a configuration, we further speculate, might be produced by a recent tidal disruption event. Assuming that the disrupted body has had a CO mass fraction of 10%, its total mass would be ≳3 M <SUB>Moon</SUB>. | 9 |
a method and apparatus for controlling a plurality of different motors used in a corresponding plurality of power tool applications requiring different operational characteristics . in one implementation a method involves the use of a single universal control module to store a generic , non - application - specific control algorithm . the generic , non - application - specific control algorithm has at least one programmable constant . the programmable constant is selected to transform the generic , non - application - specific control algorithm into an application - specific control algorithm . the programmable constant represents a function parameter relating to a specific functionality of a specific , selected motor used in a specific , selected motor application to implement a phase control over the specific , selected motor . | 7 |
the invention relates to a method for defining parameters that are to be used for transmitting data between a first user and at least one second user , or for selecting protocol options or functions , which permits an efficient , flexible and adaptable selection of codec modes . according to said method , each user has a number of votes that can be cast for the selection of parameters , whereby a decision device determines which parameters are to be used by the users for transmitting data , according to a predetermined election method , taking into consideration the number of votes . | 7 |
a semiconductor device has a semiconductor substrate , a first insulating film disposed on the semiconductor substrate , and groups of resistors made of polycrystalline silicon and disposed on the first insulating film . at least some of the groups of resistors include at least one dummy resistor made of polycrystalline silicon . a second insulating film is disposed on the resistors and on the at least one dummy resistor of the resistor groups . first metal portions are disposed in respective contact holes disposed in the second insulating film for connecting respective portions of the resistors in the respective resistor groups . second metal portions are disposed on the second insulating film and over the resistors and the at least one dummy resistor in the respective resistor groups . | 7 |
a method of thermal disposal of sewage sludge . the sludge is dried and incinerated . the flue gases from the incineration are washed . the flue gas dust resulting from the incineration and the sludge resulting from washing of the flue gases are treated together with high temperature combustion which includes melting of solids . | 2 |
a system and method for tree - model visualization for detecting an abnormality in an anatomical tree structure are provided . the method comprises : fitting a tree - model to an anatomical tree structure ; converting branches of the tree - model into first two - dimensional branch images ; and arranging the first two - dimensional branch images in a hierarchical order to form a second two - dimensional image . | 6 |
a mechanism for controlling the hardware resources on a blade server , and thereby limiting the power consumption of the blade server is disclosed . the enforceable hardware resources that are controlled include the base frequency of the central processing unit as well as power to individual banks of physical memory , for example dual - inline memory modules . the hardware resources are tuned in dependence on actual server utilization such that applications running on the blade only have the allocated hardware resources available to them . deactivated hardware resources are powered off and are so ‘ hidden ’ from the operating system when they are not required . in this manner , power consumption in the entire chassis can be managed such that all server blades can be powered on and operate at higher steady - state utilization . the utilization of the powered on resources in a blade center is also improved . | 7 |
a hand instrument and method for use by a surgeon to target the appropriate entry point and trajectory on bony tissue through which an instrument , such as a nail , pin , screw , rod , wire , drill bit , or other implant is passed . imbedded within the instrument is at least one relatively radio - opaque target which allows the user to predict with the use of an x - ray or fluoroscopic imaging device the placement of said instrument or implant before drilling it into place with the use of an x - ray or fluoroscopic imaging device . by manipulating the device around the axis of the guide piece , the surgeon can predict the placement of the instrument or implant without iterative insertion and removal of the instrument or implant itself . | 0 |
the quality of a cake quality may deteriorate if the amount of eggs in the recipe is reduced . this deterioration can be counteracted by adding a phospholipase to the cake batter , as seen by an increased cake volume and improved cake properties after storage , e . g . increased cohesiveness , increased springiness , and increased elasticity . the cake quality can be further improved , even up to the level of the original cake , by adding a non - egg protein together with the phospholipase . accordingly , a cake is prepared by a method , comprising : a ) preparing a cake batter by mixing cake batter ingredients , said ingredients comprising non - phospholipase treated egg lecithin and phospholipase , and b ) baking the cake batter to make the cake . | 0 |
Abell 3827 is a unique galaxy cluster with a dry merger in its core causing a highly resolved multiple-image configuration of a blue spiral galaxy at z<SUB>s</SUB> = 1.24. The surface brightness profiles of four merging galaxies around z<SUB>d</SUB> = 0.099 complicate a clear identification of the number of images and finding corresponding small-scale features across them. The entailed controversies about offsets between luminous and dark matter have never been settled and dark matter characteristics in tension with bounds from complementary probes and simulations seemed necessary to explain this multiple-image configuration. We resolve these issues with a systematic study of possible feature matchings across all images and their impact on the reconstructed mass density distribution. From the local lens properties directly constrained by these feature matchings without imposing any global lens model, we conclude that none of them are consistent with expected local characteristics from standard single-lens-plane lensing, nor can they be motivated by the light distribution in the cluster. Inspecting complementary spectroscopic data, we show that all these results originate from an insufficient constraining power of the data and seem to hint at a thick lens and not at exotic forms of dark matter or modified gravity. If the thick-lens hypothesis can be corroborated with follow-up multiplane lens modelling, A3827 suffers from a full three-dimensional degeneracy in the distribution of dark matter because combinations of shearings and scalings in a single lens plane can also be represented by an effective shearing and a rotation caused by multiple lens planes. | 9 |
an optical disk driver using a top - loading mechanism is coupled to an operational processor , such as a personal computer . the term “ a top - loading mechanism ” means a mechanism for inserting and / or ejecting an optical disk via a top surface of the optical disk driver . additionally , a display unit used for the operational processor can be located on an operational processing apparatus comprising such an optical disk driver and an operational processor . the optical disk driver includes a first case , accommodated in a housing having the operational processor therein , a second case ; movable from a first position to a second position , the second case projecting from the first case so that an optical disk can be inserted and / or ejected via a top surface of the second case when the second case being located at the first position , the second case being accommodated in the first case to be operatively connected to the operational processor when the second case being located at the second position . | 6 |
the claimed subject matter comprises a technology to scan a document for file attachments , generate alternative file names corresponding to a particular attachment , determine whether or not the particular file attachment is the latest version of a file or has a name and / or file path that could be confused with the name and / or path of another file . in the event one of the above conditions are met , the technology provides the means for a user to verify that the file attachment is the desired file and , if necessary , to select an alternative file for attachment . | 6 |
Evolved eclipsing binaries, featuring a white dwarf or a subdwarf companion on relatively short orbital periods of a few hours, exhibit interesting characteristics in their eclipse timing variations (ETV), analysis of which brings several advantages. Firstly, their small total masses enable us to detect substellar mass objects by observing the light-time effect, due to a subtle wobbling of the binary system around the barycenter. Additionally, the short orbital periods of these binaries allow for the accumulation of a large dataset comprising numerous observations, facilitating rigorous analysis and enhancing statistical significance. Moreover, their minima profiles have symmetric V-shapes in most cases, which decrease the uncertainties in the measurements of minima timings. In this study, we collect and analyze all available photometric data from the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS), using observation cadences of both 20 and 120 seconds for such systems identified by various surveys. Our sample includes more than 60 evolved eclipsing binaries, whose primaries are either white dwarf or subdwarf companions. By calculating mid-eclipse timings, we construct detailed ETV diagrams and apply the Lomb-Scargle period analysis to determine the amplitudes and periods of their ETVs. | 9 |
a device for collecting and packaging solid waste or toxic material is provided . a first arm and a second arm are coupled with a lever , wherein at least one arm is slidably coupled with the lever . a bag may be positioned in an open position when the first arm is located distally from the second arm , and the bag may be closed by an operator manipulating the arms towards each other . the device may include a motor and / or a spring or springs to drive the arms towards or away from each other . a plate , a pole and / or a handle may be coupled with the arms . the plate may be positioned relative to the arms to stabilize the waste or toxic material for insertion into the bag . the bag may include an adhesive , paper , plastic , recycled plastic and / or cellulose . | 4 |
a mask is assembled from a single blank . the blank is creased and folded to make a front , top and a back panel , with the top panel folding down to make two side panels . the side panels cooperate with the front and back panels by connections protruding from the panels . the mask can be stored or shipped in a flat two - dimensional , unassembled mode and can be opened or assembled to a three - dimensional form , which may be worn on the head of a user . | 0 |
a method of preserving the natural color and appearance of fresh and minimally processed fruits and vegetables , especially for inhibiting desiccation and / or discoloration of freshly processed vegetables such as carrots , resides in coating the fruit or vegetable with an aqueous solution of trehalose or of trehalose combined with one or more other sugars . | 0 |
process and device for aligning and jointly processing flaccid workpiece layers . the workpiece layers to be processed jointly are brought toward one another in the hanging position by endless conveyors . a scanning and aligning station is located in the delivery path of the two endless conveyors . the workpiece layer is temporarily removed from the respective conveyor in at least one of the endless conveyors and aligned in relation to the other workpiece layer . the workpiece layer is then returned in the aligned position to the conveyor . after which the workpiece layers that are associated with one another will leave the scanning and aligning station together . the present invention permits simplified fastening of clamps for the workpiece layers to the endless conveyors . they are fixed there by permanent magnets , whose magnetic field in the scanning and aligning station is temporarily abolished in order for the alignment process to be able to be carried out with low friction . | 1 |
a stent is fabricated utilizing a polymer that is selected for its tendency to degrade from the surface inwardly rather than undergo bulk erosion so as to substantially reduce the risk of large particles becoming detached and being swept downstream . such polymer is hydrophobic yet has water - labile linkages interconnecting the monomers . ester or imide bonds are incorporated in the polymer to render the surface degrading materials suitable for use in stent applications . the stent may be coated with such polymer or may be wholly formed therefrom . | 0 |
the invention concerns novel microspheres particularly useful in pharmaceutics as particulate vectors for carrying biologically active substances , in particular hydrophilic substances , for oral administration . the invention is characterised in that said microspheres consist of a support material continuous lattice wherein is optionally dispersed a substance , said support material containing at least 70 wt . % of a homopolymer consisting of recurrent units corresponding to general formula : wherein : r 1 represents an alkyl group containing 1 to 6 carbon atoms or a m — coor 3 group wherein m is an integer ranging between 1 and 5 and r 3 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms ; r 2 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms ; and n is an integer ranging between 1 and 5 . the invention is useful in pharmaceutics . | 2 |
the present invention relates to a method for acquiring radio measurements in a mobile communication system . in accordance with one embodiment of the invention , the method comprises the steps of . within a serving cell operated by a radio access node and serving a particular user equipment , sending measurement control information from said radio access node to said particular user equipment whereby said particular user equipment is configured to perform radio measurements , within a further serving cell operated by a further radio access node and subsequently serving said particular user equipment , sending a measurement report from said particular user equipment to said further radio access node comprising measurement data as configured by said serving cell and a cell identifier of said serving cell , transferring said measurement data from said further radio access node back to said radio access node . the present invention also relates to a user equipment and to a radio access node operable to form part of a mobile communication system . | 7 |
various embodiments relate to a method of determining the presence of a spread spectrum signal , including : receiving n input samples of a signal ; performing a first autocorrelation on the n input samples with a first offset ; performing a second autocorrelation on the n input samples with a second offset ; performing a third autocorrelation on the n input samples with a third offset ; performing a fourth autocorrelation on the n input samples with a fourth offset ; performing a fifth autocorrelation on the n input samples with a fifth offset ; determining if the values of the first , second , and third autocorrelations are decreasing , and determining if the values of the fourth and fifth autocorrelations are less than a threshold value , then determining that a spread spectrum signal is present in the n input samples . | 7 |
a computer - implemented method provides , to a first user , location - based information concerning a second user , and a system and computer - readable storage medium include computer - readable instructions for performing the same . the method includes determining that the second user is within a certain geographic area and communicating to the first user , by way of a wireless communication device of the first user , an identity of the second user . | 7 |
a method and apparatus of initial synchronization , or acquisition , of time modulated ultra - wideband communications uses a transmitted - reference preamble . the method and apparatus require that the transmitter first send a time - reference , delay - hopped burst ; such a burst is easily detected and can be processed to provide a time mark accurate to within a few nanoseconds . following the transmission of the tr / dh burst , the transmitter waits a fixed period of time , the duration of which is known to the receiver , and then the transmitter sends a burst of pulse position modulation , time hopped or other time modulated uwb . after the reception of the first burst , the receiver can estimate the time of reception of the second burst to the accuracy of the time mark . | 7 |
a technique for establishing and maintaining full duplex communication between two stations connected to a token ring network , without physically reconfiguring the station connections or otherwise disturbing the network . in an auto - configuration full duplex mode of operation , each station ascertains whether there are only two active stations on the network and , if so , performs an exchange of frames with the other station to establish full duplex communication . one way to ascertain whether only two stations are active is for each station to transmit periodically a neighbor information frame , which contains the indentities of the source station and the source station &# 39 ; s nearest upstream neighbor . once established , full duplex communication can proceed at a greater bandwidth than communication in a token ring network , and without latency delays and distance limitations associated with token ring networks . periodic checks are made by each station in full duplex communication , to ascertain if the other station is still participating or if any third station has become active . in either case , stations in the auto - configuration mode revert to token ring mode automatically . in a variant form of the invention , stations can operate in a fixed full duplex mode , in which the detection of tokens or third stations are merely reported and do not necessarily result in reversion to the token ring mode . | 7 |
painless , non - invasive nanofluidic delivery systems useful for the delivery of therapeutically active agents , gras agents , sterile fluids and inert fillers through epithelial membranes are described . the painless , non - invasive delivery system delivers a therapeutic agent via a micro - syringe - based assembly . the painless , non - invasive delivery system may also have a vehicle , which facilitates the absorption of the therapeutic agents by altering its absorption rate at the site of administration . also disclosed is a method and components of the delivery system to administer therapeutic agents in a consistent , predictable and reproducible manner . certain compositions may facilitate the delivery of different agents without altering the agents from their current or previous form . | 0 |
A model of the time-delayed electromagnetic cascade "echo" is applied to the bright gamma-ray burst GRB190114C—the first gamma-ray burst to be contemporaneously detected in high and very high-energy gamma-ray bands. It is shown that the internal spread of the cascade in the absence of the intervening magnetic fields dilutes the "echo" emission over 10<SUP>3</SUP>- 10<SUP>5</SUP> seconds depending on the energy. Accounting for the measured source flux in the 0.3-1 TeV gamma-ray band, the prediction of the "echo" model is shown to match the detected lower-energy gamma-ray emission 10<SUP>4</SUP> seconds after the burst. However, the "echo" emission remains indistinguishable from the intrinsic GRB190114C flux within the measurement uncertainties. Implications of this in the context of the intergalactic magnetic field measurement are discussed. | 9 |
a container for storing substrates capable of shortening the cycle time of the production , improving the production efficiency and reducing the production cost is provided . the container for storing substrates is composed of a box for accommodating the substrates , and a closure member for sealingly closing the box by tightly fixing the closure member to the opening of the box . the container for storing substrates is provided with means for temporarily storing a sealing gas and introducing the sealing gas into the box . also , the container for storing substrates is provided with means for means for temporarily forming a low pressure space for the purpose of evacuating the gas inside of the box by transferring the gas to the low pressure space . | 8 |
a domino circuit may be provided with additional keeper transistors that are selectively activated when one of the input transistors in a logic structure has a low or inactive signal applied to it during the evaluation stage . thus , the potential of the output node of the domino circuit may be maintained , improving the soft error rate . | 7 |
M31-LRN-2015 is a likely stellar merger discovered in the Andromeda Galaxy in 2015. We present new optical to mid-infrared photometry and optical spectroscopy for this event. Archival data show that the source started to brighten ~2 yr before the nova event. During this precursor phase, the source brightened by ~3 mag. The light curve at 6 and 1.5 months before the main outburst may show periodicity, with periods of 16 ± 0.3 and 28.1 ± 1.4 d, respectively. This complex emission may be explained by runaway mass-loss from the system after the binary undergoes Roche lobe overflow, leading the system to coalesce in tens of orbital periods. While the progenitor spectral energy distribution shows no evidence of pre-existing warm dust in the system, the remnant forms an optically thick dust shell at approximately four months after the outburst peak. The optical depth of the shell increases dramatically after 1.5 yr, suggesting the existence of shocks that enhance the dust formation process. We propose that the merger remnant is likely an inflated giant obscured by a cooling shell of gas with mass ~0.2 M<SUB>⊙</SUB> ejected at the onset of the common envelope phase. | 9 |
a die - attach method and assembly using film and epoxy bonds speeds manufacturing for large die assemblies while providing improved bond characteristics . an adhesive film defining an epoxy flow mask is attached to the die or substrate , epoxy is dispensed within the epoxy flow mask area and the die is then bonded to the substrate . the film controls the flow of the epoxy , preventing spillover . additionally , the epoxy area can be made small with respect to the die size , reducing the time required to dispense the epoxy and reducing the amount of epoxy material required . | 7 |
a method to control access to a sector of a flash type memory of an electronic module . the method includes receiving a write request to write data to an area of a partition , wherein the partition is located within the sector and , prior to writing to the data , determining whether an owner of the data to be written has write access to the partition of the sector and permission to erase the entire sector in which the partition is located . | 6 |
a solar cell power system includes a device which determines the occurrence of solar array bus lockup by detecting the voltage of the power bus , the discharge current of the storage battery , and the solar array current and performing a calculation using these items of data in addition to the regulated bus voltage to emit a lockup signal , by which the magnitude of the load is reduced , thereby cancelling the lockup state . alternatively , a solar cell system may include a lockup cancelling drive device , which accumulates in a coil cancelling - drive , energy supplied from the storage battery and then discharges this energy to the power bus , thereby cancelling the lockup stage without reducing the magnitude of the load . | 8 |
a process for preparing an aqueous aminoplastic urea - formaldehyde resin suitable for use in bonding lignocellulosic materials , which provides products of very low formaldehyde emission while maintaining superior performance . | 2 |
a system for breaking obstructions in body lumens includes a catheter including an elongated carrier , a balloon about the carrier in sealed relation thereto , the balloon being arranged to receive a fluid therein that inflates the balloon , and an arc generator including at least one electrode within the balloon that forms a mechanical shock wave within the balloon . the system further includes a power source that provides electrical energy to the arc generator . | 0 |
a bearing device of a rotary cylinder for a magnetic head includes a fixed shaft and a sleeve rotatably supported about the fixed shaft through a radial bearing . a thrust receiver secured to one axial end of the sleeve has a convex spherical surface at the side confronting the fixed shaft , and a concave spherical surface is formed on an end surface of the fixed shaft confronting the convex spherical surface . a radius of curvature of the concave spherical surface is larger than a radius of curvature of the convex spherical surface of the thrust receiver . | 5 |
methods and apparatus for generating a frequency comb and for its use in analyzing materials and in telecommunications . the frequency comb is generated by passing pulsed light from a laser through an optical fiber having a constriction . the frequency comb comprises a plurality of monochromatic components separated in frequency by a substantially constant frequency increment . the monochromatic components are used to probe materials for analysis . in preferred embodiments , the materials are dna , rna , pna and other biologically important molecules and polymers . optical responses are observed and used to analyze or identify samples . in telecommunication applications , the individual monochromatic components serve as carriers for individual communication channels that can carry information of any of a variety of types , such as voice , data and images . | 7 |
a door system having , a door , a plurality of track sections having a cross - section defining an interior track area that is accessible though an opening therein , a roller received in the interior track area and coupled to a shaft that is operatively interconnected with the door , and a guard carried by the shaft and at least partially enclosing the roller , wherein the guard includes a shield wall that is positioned within the interior track area and at least partially obstructs the opening in the area of the roller . | 4 |
an armrest assembly secured to a substrate comprising an armrest having a cavity and at least one tee lock , a grab handle having a least one side wing , and wherein the grab handle is secured to the cavity of the armrest by operatively engaging the at least tee lock with the at least one side wing . | 1 |
Current magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulations of the initiation of solar eruptions are still commonly carried out with idealized magnetic field models, whereas the realistic coronal field prior to eruptions can possibly be reconstructed from the observable photospheric field. Using a nonlinear force-free field extrapolation prior to a sigmoid eruption in AR 11283 as the initial condition in an MHD model, we successfully simulate the realistic initiation process of the eruption event, as is confirmed by a remarkable resemblance to the SDO/AIA observations. Analysis of the pre-eruption field reveals that the envelope flux of the sigmoidal core contains a coronal null and furthermore the flux rope is prone to a torus instability. Observations suggest that reconnection at the null cuts overlying tethers and likely triggers the torus instability of the flux rope, which results in the eruption. This kind of simulation demonstrates the capability of modeling the realistic solar eruptions to provide the initiation process. | 9 |
a rebound apparatus for practicing striking a ball with a racket . the apparatus has an elongated rectangular frame which is mounted on a base for pivotal adjustment about a horizontal axis . mounted on the frame is a flexible material which is relatively loose along the width of the frame and relatively taut along the length of the frame . the upper end of the frame is curved out of the plane of the main portion of the frame , and this upper end supports a ball rebound surface . the flexible material may be secured at its upper end to the rebound surface . the length of the frame is adjustable . in use , a ball when hit by a racket will strike the flexible material , rebound upwardly against the ball rebound surface , and then rebound again in a direction back toward the player who hit the ball . | 0 |
The recent detection of very high energy (VHE) emissions from flat spectrum radio quasars (FSRQs) at high redshifts has revealed that the universe is more transparent to VHE γ-rays than it was expected. It has also questioned the plausible VHE emission mechanism responsible for these objects. Particularly for FSRQs, the γ-ray emission is attributed to the external Compton (EC) process. We perform a detailed spectral study of Fermi-detected FSRQ 3C 345 using synchrotron, synchrotron self-Compton, and EC emission mechanisms. The simultaneous data available in optical, ultraviolet, X-ray, and γ-ray energy bands is statistically fitted under these emission mechanisms using the χ<SUP>2</SUP>-minimization technique. Three high flux states and one low flux state are chosen for spectral fitting. The broad-band spectral energy distribution during these flux states is fitted under different target photon temperatures, and the model VHE flux is compared with the 50 h Cherenkov Telescope Array sensitivity. Our results indicate a significant VHE emission could be attained during the high flux state from MJD 59635-59715 when the target photon temperature is within 900-1200 K. Furthermore, our study shows a clear trend of variation in the bulk Lorentz factor of the emission region as the source transits through different flux states. We also note that during high γ-ray flux states, an increase in external photon temperature demands high bulk Lorentz factors, while this behaviour reverses in case of low γ-ray flux state. | 9 |
a method for identifying non - body structures in digitized medical images including the steps of providing a digitized image comprising a plurality of intensities corresponding to a domain of points on an n - dimensional grid , wherein said image includes a representation of a body and of non - body structures separate from said body , initializing a surface in said image on a side of said non - body structures opposite from said body , defining a plurality of forces acting on said surface , and displacing said surface through said non - body structures using said forces until said body is encountered . | 6 |
it is suggested for depositing layers of mechanically resistant material , in particular on highly stressed tools , to coat the workpieces alternatingly by means of reactive cathode sputtering and to after - treat them by means of a further plasma discharge . | 2 |
methods and apparatus are described for forward baseband digitalization . a method includes receiving a forward baseband digital optical signal from an optical fiber ; transforming the forward baseband digital optical signal to a forward analog electrical signal ; transmitting the forward analog electrical signal on an electrical conductor ; receiving a reverse analog electrical signal on the electrical conductor ; transforming the reverse analog electrical signal to a reverse digital baseband optical signal ; and transmitting the reverse digital baseband optical signal . an apparatus includes a forward baseband digital optical signal receiver ; a forward circuit coupled to the forward baseband digital optical signal receiver , the forward circuit transforming a forward baseband digital optical signal to a forward analog electrical signal ; a forward analog electrical signal transmitter coupled to the forward circuit ; a reverse analog electrical signal receiver ; a reverse circuit coupled to the reverse analog electrical signal receiver , the reverse circuit transforming a reverse analog electrical signal to a reverse digital baseband optical signal ; and a reverse baseband digital transmitter coupled to the reverse circuit . | 7 |
the system effects positioning of an art work at precise given x and y rectangular coordinate points . this art work may correspond to drill hole positions in a printed circuit board . by recording in memory the exact rectangular coordinate points on the art work and the necessary servo signals to effect exact centering at the coordinate points , accurate circuit board drilling can be carried out . a circular hole is provided in the art work and an image of this hole projected to a screen having horizontal and vertical cross hairs defining x and y axes respectively . the art work is precisely positioned at a given pair of rectangular coordinates when the intersection of the cross hairs corresponds exactly with the exact center of the image of the circular hole . exact centering is achieved by causing first and second light responsive photo cells to oscillate along the x and y axes directions respectively , the centers of oscillation of the cells corresponding to the intersection point of the cross hairs . if the projected image of the hole is off center , a cell or cells will be exposed to light longer on one side of its center position than on the other . stated differently , the projected image will only be centered when the scanning cells are exposed to light for equal time intervals on either side of their center of oscillation positions . the difference in such time intervals is used to generate a corrective signal for operating the servos to effect precise center positioning . | 6 |
a dunnage bag having multiple outer plies of paper and an inner ply of plastic has a baffle means opposite the inflation valve to prevent dry burn constituting either a piece of corrugated paper or a similarly flat member of sufficient included area to baffle substantially all of the air projected through the valve and having an expanded thickness sufficient to separate the confronting surfaces of the plastic ply a discrete distance so that the air stream directed through the valve will be diffused transversely and thereby dissipate any vibratory forces tending to produce a dry burn on the plastic ply . | 1 |
The composition of the neutral gas comas of most comets is dominated by H<SUB>2</SUB>O, CO and CO<SUB>2</SUB>, typically comprising as much as 95 per cent of the total gas density. In addition, cometary comas have been found to contain a rich array of other molecules, including sulfuric compounds and complex hydrocarbons. Molecular oxygen (O<SUB>2</SUB>), however, despite its detection on other icy bodies such as the moons of Jupiter and Saturn, has remained undetected in cometary comas. Here we report in situ measurement of O<SUB>2</SUB> in the coma of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko, with local abundances ranging from one per cent to ten per cent relative to H<SUB>2</SUB>O and with a mean value of 3.80 +/- 0.85 per cent. Our observations indicate that the O<SUB>2</SUB>/H<SUB>2</SUB>O ratio is isotropic in the coma and does not change systematically with heliocentric distance. This suggests that primordial O<SUB>2</SUB> was incorporated into the nucleus during the comet's formation, which is unexpected given the low upper limits from remote sensing observations. Current Solar System formation models do not predict conditions that would allow this to occur. | 9 |
a method for imaging mammalian tissue utilizing a non - ionic complex of a paramagnetic ion of lanthanide element and a macrocyclic chelating agent . | 8 |
The European Space Agency is studying two large-class missions bound to operate in the decade of the 30s, and aiming at investigating the most energetic and violent phenomena in the Universe. Athena is poised to study the physical conditions of baryons locked in large-scale structures from the epoch of their formation, as well as to yield an accurate census of accreting supermassive black holes down to the epoch of reionization; LISA will extend the hunt for Gravitational Wave (GW) events to the hitherto unexplored mHz regime. We discuss in this paper the science that their concurrent operation could yield, and present possible Athena observational strategies. We focus on Supermassive (M$\lesssim 10^7\, \rm {M_\odot }$) Black Hole Mergers (SMBHMs), potentially accessible to Athena up to z ~ 2. The simultaneous measurement of their electromagnetic (EM) and GW signals may enable unique experiments in the domains of astrophysics, fundamental physics, and cosmography, such as the magnetohydrodynamics of fluid flows in a rapidly variable space-time, the formation of coronae and jets in Active Galactic Nuclei, and the measurement of the speed of GW, among others. Key to achieve these breakthrough results will be the LISA capability of locating a SMBHM event with an error box comparable to, or better than the field-of-view of the Athena Wide Field Imager ($\simeq 0.4\,$ deg<SUP>2</SUP>) and Athena capability to slew fast to detect the source during the inspiral phase and the post-merger phase. Together, the two observatories will open in principle the exciting possibility of truly concurrent EM and GW studies of the SMBHMs | 9 |
in an electric discharge machine including an electrode and a workpiece installed opposite each other with an insulating working liquid filling the gap therebetween and which is used to machine the workpiece by causing an electric discharge across the gap , two components of the frequency spectrum of the voltage waveform of the electric discharge across the electrode and the workpiece are analyzed to distinguish between normal and abnormal discharge conditions . the device includes elements for determining the conditions in the gap and which generate a signal according to the conditions of the interpole gap , based on the results of this analysis . when an abnormal condition exists , the size of the interpole gap may be changed , and the quiescent time between application of pulse voltages may be altered . also , depending on the degree of abnormality , different quantities of dielectric fluid may be pumped through the interpole gap to remove accumulated impurities . | 1 |
an integrated processor is provided with a memory control unit having refresh queue logic for refreshing dynamic random access memory banks during idle memory cycles . the refresh queue logic includes a queue counter and allows the refresh requests to be given a lower priority than other memory transactions until the required refresh rate is in danger of being violated . at this lower priority the refresh requests are honored and retired from a refresh queue only in the absence of other memory transactions . in the event that the refresh queue becomes full , top priority is given to the execution of a refresh request . in this case , a refresh request is honored and retired from the queue immediately after the conclusion of the current memory transaction . this queuing mechanism allows the refresh requests to be buffered until idle memory cycles are available or until absolutely necessary to prevent the violation of refresh timing constraints . | 6 |
this invention relates to the reheating of a cold cryogenic fluid by heat exchange with a warm liquid , commonly water . the cold cryogenic fluid first flows into a descending tube and then into a rising tube whereas the water trickles along the tubes and from an upper supply , as far as a base manifold . the invention is particularly applicable to the reheating and revaporization of liquified natural gas . | 5 |
a spine rehabilitation exercise device comprises a soleplate ; and an exercise mechanism disposed on the soleplate , wherein the exercise mechanism comprises a sliding mechanism movably disposed on the soleplate ; a supporting base movably mounted on top of the sliding mechanism , the supporting base being capable of rocking on top of the sliding mechanism ; a pillow mounted on the supporting base ; and an elastic assembly disposed between the pillow and the supporting base . the whole device has simple structure , convenient assembly , small and compact volume and good mobility and portability ; the device can not only have health care and therapeutic effects on spine , but also be used as a pillow on other occasions , thereby having high practicability and better flexibility in use ; moreover , the device is not driven by a power supply , so that it is safer and more reliable to use . | 0 |
an automatic carousel - type meat cutting machine in which slabs of meat are placed between pairs of rotating jaws that move around a center vertical axis . one jaw in each pair of jaws is spring - biased for gripping the meat , but the weight of the meat will cause it to move downwardly by gravity and rest on a meat - supporting horizontal and stationary platform . a section of the platform is made vertically adjustable with respect to the stationary part and may be adjusted to determine the thickness of the slices of meat cut from the slabs of meat . the stationary and adjustable sections form a complete circle and they support the slabs of meat which are moved by the pairs of meat guiding pairs of jaws . a horizontal portion of an endless band saw lies flush with the plane of the horizontal fixed platform section and the adjustable platform section is positioned therebelow to determine the thickness of the slice . the rotating carousel moves the pairs of jaws with their meat slabs over the adjustable platform section and past the band saw which severs a slice of meat from each slab just prior to the slab being moved onto the fixed platform section . | 1 |
the invention discloses a device and method for rapid high - pressure gas sampling includes a main gas line , a sample container filled with liquid and sampling tube , a close loop sampling bypass line coupled with the said main gas line , the upper end of the sampling tube connects with a particulate filter in the sampling bypass line , the sampling tube lower end extending into inside sample container , on top of the sample container a gas outlet line is attached , condensate drain path attaches to the sample container . the fast high pressure gas sampling device significantly minimizes the process gas sampling time to a few seconds range , which will help improve a real - time gas components analysis and process control for high pressure high temperature and dust laden conditions . | 6 |
The Gaia Sausage (GS) and the Sequoia represent the major accretion events that formed the stellar halo of the Milky Way. A detailed chemical study of these main building blocks provides a pristine view of the early steps of the Galaxy's assembly. We present the results of the analysis of the UVES high-resolution spectroscopic observations at the 8.2 m VLT of nine Sausage/Sequoia members selected kinematically using Gaia DR2. We season this set of measurements with archival data from Nissen & Schuster and GALAH DR3 (2020). Here, we focus on the neutron-capture process by analyzing Sr, Y, Ba, and Eu behavior. We detect clear enhancement in Eu abundance ([Eu/Fe] ∼ 0.6-0.7) indicative of large prevalence of the r-process in the stellar n-capture makeup. We are also able to trace the evolution of the heavy element production across a wide range of metallicity. The barium to europium changes from a tight, flat sequence with [Ba/Eu] = -0.7 reflecting dominant contribution from exploding massive stars, to a clear upturn at higher iron abundances, betraying the onset of contamination from asymptotic giant branch (AGB) ejecta. Additionally, we discover two clear sequences in the [Fe/H]-[Ba/Fe] plane likely caused by distinct levels of s-process pollution and mixing within the GS progenitor. <SUP>*</SUP> Based on observations made with Very Large Telescope (VLT) at Paranal Observatory, Chile, under program 0104.B-0487(B). | 9 |
Recent ALMA measurements have revealed bright [O III] 88 micron line emission from galaxies during the Epoch of Reionization (EoR) at redshifts as large as z ~ 9. We introduce an analytic model to help interpret these and other upcoming [O III] 88 micron measurements. Our approach sums over the emission from discrete Str$\ddot{\mathrm{o}}$mgren spheres and considers the total volume of ionized hydrogen in a galaxy of a given star-formation rate. We estimate the relative volume of doubly ionized oxygen and ionized hydrogen and its dependence on the spectrum of ionizing photons. We then calculate the level populations of O III ions in different fine-structure states for H II regions of specified parameters. In this simple model, a galaxy's [O III] 88 μm luminosity is determined by the typical number density of free electrons in H II regions (n<SUB>e</SUB>), the average metallicity of these regions (Z), the rate of hydrogen ionizing photons emitted (Q<SUB>H I</SUB>), and the shape of the ionizing spectrum. We cross-check our model by comparing it with detailed CLOUDY calculations, and find that it works to better than 15${{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ accuracy across a broad range of parameter space. Applying our model to existing ALMA data at z ~ 6-9, we derive lower bounds on the gas metallicity and upper bounds on the gas density in the H II regions of these galaxies. These limits vary considerably from galaxy to galaxy, with the tightest bounds indicating Z ≳ 0.5Z<SUB>⊙</SUB> and n<SUB>H</SUB> ≲ 50 cm<SUP>-3</SUP> at 2 - σ confidence. | 9 |
electrodes and circuitry for monitoring and stimulating the exterior of the human body , comprising delivering stimulation pulses to stimulation electrodes applied to the exterior of the body , detecting an electrical potential at monitoring electrodes applied to the exterior of the body , positioning at least a first and second monitoring electrode at locations at which an electrical artifact caused by the electrical stimulation pulses is substantially cancelled in a signal formed from the electrical potentials detected at the first and second monitoring electrodes . | 0 |
a method and apparatus for cleaning workpieces , particularly printed circuit boards upon which electrical components have been soldered , is capable of using a potentially flammable or explosive liquid cleaning solvent . in one embodiment , there are two immersion wash stages between which is a spray wash stage . the spray wash stage is formed as a closed chamber which is sealed when the immersion wash stages by liquid seals . to reduce the danger of fire or explosion in the spray wash stage an inert gas such as nitrogen is introduced into the closed chamber . in another embodiment the spray nozzles are immersed in liquid solvent in a combined immersion / spray wash stage . this reduces atomization of the flammable solvent further reducing the danger of fire or explosion . | 7 |
a weaving machine comprising a dobby and a jacquard machine as the control members , wherein the dobby is controlled from a single pattern card in the jacquard machine . harness cords connect the jacquard hooks to the heddles and to a movably supported member in the dobby . the coordinated movements of the jacquard hooks will effect a simultaneous movement of the movably supported member in the dobby so that operations of the jacquard machine in response to the information on the pattern card will simultaneously effect an operation of the dobby . | 3 |
a redundant column is mapped to a defective or over - erased column in the memory array . when an erase command occurs , both the redundant column and the defective or over - erased column are preconditioned by preprogramming them . the defective or over - erased column is preprogrammed and verified a predetermined number of times or until the verification passes . the redundant and defective or over - erased columns are then erased with the rest of the memory block . | 6 |
a method for exposing a resist layer with regions of photosensitivity to an image in a lithographic process using a high numerical aperture imaging tool . there is employed a substrate having thereover a layer reflective to the imaging tool radiation and a resist layer having a region of photosensitivity over the reflective layer , with the resist layer having a thickness . the imaging tool is adapted to project radiation containing an aerial image onto the resist layer , with a portion of the radiation containing the aerial image passing through the resist layer and reflecting back to the resist layer . the reflected radiation forms an interference pattern in the resist layer of the projected aerial image through the resist layer thickness . the thickness and location of the resist layer region of photosensitivity with respect to the reflective layer are selected to include from within the interference pattern higher contrast portions of the interference pattern in the direction of the resist thickness , and to exclude lower contrast portions of the interference pattern in the resist thickness direction from said resist layer region of photosensitivity , to improve contrast of the aerial image in said resist layer region of photosensitivity . | 6 |
We present a study of a sample of 45 spectroscopically confirmed, UV luminous galaxies at $z\sim 6$. They were selected as bright Lyman-break galaxies (LBGs) using deep multi-band optical images in more than 2 deg$^2$ of the sky, and subsequently identified via their strong Ly$\alpha$ emission. The majority of these LBGs span an absolute UV magnitude range from $-22.0$ to $-20.5$ mag with Ly$\alpha$ equivalent width (EW) between $\sim$10 and $\sim$200 Å, representing the most luminous galaxies at $z\sim 6$ in terms of both UV continuum emission and Ly$\alpha$ line emission. We model the SEDs of 10 LBGs that have deep infrared observations from HST, JWST, and/or Spitzer, and find that they have a wide range of stellar masses and ages. They also have high star-formation rates ranging from a few tens to a few hundreds of Solar mass per year. Five of the LBGs have JWST or HST images and four of them show compact morphology in these images, including one that is roughly consistent with a point source, suggesting that UV luminous galaxies at this redshift are generally compact. The fraction of our photometrically selected LBGs with strong Ly$\alpha$ emission ($\mathrm{EW}>25$ Å) is about $0.2$, which is consistent with previous results and supports a moderate evolution of the IGM opacity at the end of cosmic reionization. Using deep X-ray images, we do not find evidence of strong AGN activity in these galaxies, but our constraint is loose and we are not able to rule out the possibility of any weak AGN activity. | 9 |
Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) methods have become a cornerstone of many modern scientific analyses by providing a straightforward approach to numerically estimate uncertainties in the parameters of a model using a sequence of random samples. This article provides a basic introduction to MCMC methods by establishing a strong conceptual understanding of what problems MCMC methods are trying to solve, why we want to use them, and how they work in theory and in practice. To develop these concepts, I outline the foundations of Bayesian inference, discuss how posterior distributions are used in practice, explore basic approaches to estimate posterior-based quantities, and derive their link to Monte Carlo sampling and MCMC. Using a simple toy problem, I then demonstrate how these concepts can be used to understand the benefits and drawbacks of various MCMC approaches. Exercises designed to highlight various concepts are also included throughout the article. | 9 |
a contact center includes a resource selection module operable to determine and select a plurality of agents based on a work request . the plurality of agents includes agents suitable for the work request . further , the plurality of agents includes agents having previous work requests in a presenting state . furthermore , the plurality of agents includes agents working below individual capacity of the agents for simultaneously handling work requests . further , the plurality of agents is dynamic and may increase in size . the contact center further includes a resource connector module operable to present the work request simultaneously to the plurality of agents . the resource connector module further may subsequently present the work request to newly available suitable agents . the resource connector module further routes the work request to an agent based on actual agent responsiveness . | 7 |
various embodiments are described that relate to a detector . the detector can include a loop functioning at a high frequency that emits a magnetic field . the magnetic field can be retrieved and a comparison can be made between the emitted magnetic field and the retrieved magnetic field . if there is substantially little difference between the emitted and retrieved field , then a determination can be that no object is present . conversely , if there is a substantial difference between the emitted and retrieved field , then the determination can be that an object is present and thus the object is detected . if the object is present , the returned magnetic field can be further analyzed to determine the type of object that is detected . | 6 |
a centrifugal blowing fan includes a back yoke made from metal , having a substantially bottomed cylindrical portion around a rotating shaft of a motor , an inner surface attached with a magnet of the motor mounted thereon and a flange portion disposed around a periphery of an opening of the cylindrical portion ; and a cylindrical impeller made from resin , having a plurality of blades circumferentially arranged , an annular collar portion joined with first ends of the plurality of blades and a doughnut - shaped disk portion joined with second ends of the plurality of blades , wherein the disk portion has at least one fitting , and the flange portion has at least one fitted space receiving the at least one fitting so as to concentrically and fixedly connect the impeller and the back yoke . | 5 |
a method for the prevention and treatment of fungal infections and , therefore , consequent invasive mycosis in mammalian and avian species is described . the invention comprises a combination of β - 1 , 3 - endoglucanohydrolase , β - 1 , 3glucan , diatornaceous earth , mineral clay , and glucomannan , which is fed to or consumed by mammalian or avian species in amounts sufficient to inhibit enteric fungal colonization in the gut and consequent mycosis . the invention described may be admixed with feeds or foods , incorporated into pelleted feeds or foods or administered orally to mammalian and avian species . | 0 |
a method for creating , sharing , combining , and analyzing musical multimedia play lists based on a user contextual classification . musical multimedia is media that utilizes a combination of different content forms such as music songs , movies , pictures , and sounds . this contextual classification is defined by relationships among key elements of the multimedia content . for example , the relationships for music songs are defined among musical genre , singer / player , or a specific music song with an activity list , places or locations , and states of feeling defined by the user when he usually listens to music frequently . | 6 |
a one - way degassing valve for aromatic products , such as coffee and the like , comprising a valve body , a valve element and a selective type filter , preferably consisting of activated charcoal which allows the passage of low molecular weight gases , such as carbon dioxide , and retains the high molecular weight gases that constitute the product &# 39 ; s aroma . | 1 |
Wavelet analysis, in addition to power density spectra, is another method to study the quasi-periodic signals in the light curves, but has been rarely used in black hole X-ray transients. We performed wavelet analysis of X-ray timing features and quasi-periodic oscillations (QPOs) based on NICER observations of the black hole candidate MAXI J1535-571 in this paper. Separating the light curves by the confidence level of wavelet results, we find significant differences exist in the PDS, hardness ratio and mean count between light curve segments above and below the confidence level. The S-factor, which is defined as the ratio of the effective oscillation time and the total time, demonstrates distinct values between type-C and type-B QPOs. Based on our results, the S-factor for type-B QPO is very close or equal to 0, no matter the confidence level is set as 95\% or 68\%, while the S-factor of type-C QPO is significantly higher, especially in the 68\% confidence level case. We discuss the implications of the wavelet results on resolving type-B and type-C QPOs in black hole X-ray binaries. | 9 |
an improvement in a door fastening apparatus wherein a bolt receiving and supply device is provided alongside of a fastening head unit . it includes a bolt supplying head connected to a parts feeder and a laterally movable transferring head receiving bolts from the supply head and moving over to in front of the nut runner to deliver the bolts . the supply head can be fed through a bolt pressure feeding tube . the transferring head has a clamping cylinder therein for clamping the bolt in the receiving opening . | 1 |
an expander member for a balloon catheter to be used in stent delivery applications comprises a double - walled tubular member that is adapted for attachment to a distal end portion of an elongated , flexible , tubular catheter body . the outer wall is preferably a polyamide , such as nylon - 12 , and the inner wall is pet . by properly controlling the percentage of the polyamide relative to the pet content , the distension characteristics of the resulting expander member can be tailored to fall in a range less than 15 percent . the outer nylon - 12 layer provides the expander member with high abrasion resistance . by appropriately temperature annealing the expander member , any tendency toward winging upon deflation thereof is reduced . | 0 |
the invention comprises novel polynucleotides , and related vectors , host cells , methods , and compositions , containing transcriptional enhancers providing very high levels of expression of operably - linked expressible nucleic acid sequences in eukaryotic cells . advantageously the enhancers may be used in combination with their naturally - associated promoters and / or other genetic elements that increase transcription . the invention comprises eukaryotic expression vectors that are capable of providing increased levels of expression in many cell types over that obtainable from human or murine cmv ie enhancer / promoter elements . | 2 |
the invention relates to the production of bioactive products that are derived from milk proteins for the production of bioactive milk products derived from milk proteins , particularly caseins . the 16 inventive peptides can be obtained chemically , biotechnologically or by means of enzymatic treatment from proteins containing same and give rise to peptides with an antimicrobial activity , an in vitro angiotensin converter inhibitor activity and / or antihypertensive activity and / or antioxidant activity . said nutraceutical products are suitable for use in the food and pharmaceutical industries , both in the form of a hydrolyzate or bioactive peptides . | 2 |
there are provided a signal duty detecting apparatus detecting a duty of a pulse width modulation signal by counting a signal , among signals present in a preset period of the pwm signal , having a predetermined level or higher and a motor driving apparatus having the same . the signal duty detecting apparatus includes : a level detector detecting levels of an input signal ; a counter counting the levels detected by the level detector ; and a duty calculator calculating a duty of the input signal based on the levels counted by the counter . | 7 |
a nanoplasmonic device includes a nanoplasmonicly heatable layer having a heating side and a cooling side , the heatable layer including a plurality of localized energy receiving sites ; and a cooling structure located adjacent to the cooling side , the cooling structure including a nanoscale structure to remove heat from the heated layer . | 6 |
a demister apparatus for machine tools having an enclosure booth for confining mist in which a varying outflow of air is drawn from the booth and directed to a remote demister apparatus from a minimum when the access doors to the enclosure are closed to a maximum when one or more of the doors are opened . the air flow may also be varied with the number of machine tools in operation as well with the state of filters in the remote demister apparatus . a cyclonic separator is also provided adjacent to the booth which functions well in a vertical up flow mode over a range of air outflow rates of flow . | 1 |
the temperature of bakery products is reduced immediately after the discharge thereof from the oven , by means of vacuum , by first subjecting the bakery products to a substantially linear pressure reduction as a function of time at a rate of not more than 60 mm hg per second through at least half of the total pressure drop to be achieved . the pressure reduction rate is then allowed to increase substantially for a terminating vacuum treatment . at least one vacuum chamber is provided and is adapted to be connected to a source of vacuum though a vacuum conduit and a valve , and has a closeable opening for bringing bakery products into and out of the chamber . in the vacuum conduit , in parallel to a servo - valve serving to apply a full vacuum effect from the source of vacuum during the remaining portion of the total pressure drop , there is inserted a by - pass conduit having a permanently open cross - section which can be adjusted to provide the substantially linear pressure reduction . | 0 |
this invention provides phosphor - doped fluoroperovskite compounds that are capable of storing at least part of the energy of incident ionizing radiation and releasing at least part of the stored energy upon optical stimulation or heating . also provided are dosimeters and radiation storage devices comprising the compounds , methods of preparing the compounds , and methods of using the compounds to determine a dose of ionizing radiation or to record and reproduce an ionizing radiation image . | 2 |
the present invention relates to novel bis - sulfonamide derivatives , processes for preparing them , pharmaceutical compositions containing them and their use as pharmaceuticals as modulators of chemokine receptors . | 2 |
the invention relates to formulations useful in treating hair disorders , improving the health of hair , increasing hair growth , and in increasing the niacin content of hair follicles . nicotinic acid alkyl esters having a straight chain alkyl group of from 1 to 22 methylene units , preferably from 6 to 16 methylene units , and most preferably from 8 to 14 methyl units , may be used , alone or in combinations for treating these conditions . | 0 |
hydrazides of the formula or n -- ch . sub . 2 ch . sub . 2 conhnh . sub . 2 ). sub . 3 . sub . 2 n -- r -- n -- ch . sub . 2 ch . sub . 2 conhnh 2 ) 2 are good latent curing agents for epoxy resin , in the formula r is divalent hydrocarbon residue having 2 - 24 carbon atoms . the curing agents are useful in formulating novel storable one - package , heat - curable epoxy resin - based compositions . | 2 |
an apparatus and process are described in which a multiple continuous electrochemical procedure is carried out on a metallic strip . included in this procedure is a gold - plating step with a specially designed gold - plating cell . also , the gold electroplating is limited to certain areas of the metallic strip where required for a particular application . particularly important is the design of the various electrochemical processing cells so that continuous processing may be carried out on a continuous moving metal strip . also , compatibility with other electrochemical and chemical processes carried out on the continuous strip line , is desirable . | 2 |
a liquid delivery apparatus includes a vessel having an inlet and an outlet , and a valve between the vessel and the outlet . the valve has an opening , a closure member for closing the opening , and a biasing means to hold the valve in a normally - closed position . a valve control mechanism controls operation of the valve in response to pressure of liquid and air in the vessel . a transmitting means transmits the pressure to the valve control mechanism . the valve control mechanism includes a moveable element that can be acted on by the pressure in the vessel and transmit a resultant force to the closure member to thereby open the valve . the respective effective surface areas of the moveable element and the closure member and the force of the biasing means are chosen such that the closure member is openable when the pressure in the vessel reaches a predetermined level . | 1 |
the present invention features methods and pharmaceutical compositions for the treatment of hepatitis c in a human in need thereof comprising administering a compound of formula , , , , , or described herein or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof in combination with one or more additional hepatitis c therapeutic agents . | 0 |
visible laser light output from an electrically injected vertical cavity surface emitting laser diode is enabled by the addition of phase - matching spacer layers on either side of the active region to form the optical cavity . the spacer layers comprise inalp which act as charge carrier confinement means . distributed bragg reflector layers are formed on either side of the optical cavity to act as mirrors . | 7 |
a latch is provided for a mortise lock of the type comprising a housing for accommodating the lock components . the latch comprises a first and second portions movably mounted in the housing and a securing element for releasably connecting the first and second portions in either a first relative axial position or a second relative axial position where the first and second portions of the latch are rotatable relative to one another . in the first axially connected position of the latch , the first and second portions of the latch are movable together relative to the housing so that the first portion at least partially non - rotatably projects outwardly from the opening in the housing in an extended position of the latch , and the first portion is inside the housing in a retracted position of the latch . in the second axially connected position of the latch , the first portion of the latch extends further outwardly from the opening in the housing so that the first portion is rotatable relative to the housing and the first portion may be rotated to a selected position and returned to the first axially connected position of the first and second portions of the latch . | 4 |
radial actuation of a handle axially retracts the dispensers shaft inclusive an exit head relative to a base body and a reservoir . the shaft is prevented from rotating . the medium thus flows from a pressure chamber via an outlet valve through the entire shaft to a medium exit while being swirled . for facilitated handling the base body and the reservoir form a rod - shaped grip with the handle on one side and a finger scallop on the other . | 1 |
an ultracapacitor comprises at least one cell comprising two solid , nonporous current collectors , two porous electrodes separating the current collectors , a porous separator between the electrodes and an electrolyte occupying pores in the electrodes and separator . the cell is sealed with a reclosable hermetic closure . | 8 |
the invention relates to particular substituted heterocycle fused gamma - carbolines , their prodrugs , in free , solid , pharmaceutically acceptable salt and / or substantially pure form as described herein , pharmaceutical compositions thereof , and methods of use in the treatment of diseases involving 5 - ht2a receptor , serotonin transporter and / or pathways involving dopamine d1 / d2 receptor signaling systems , and / or the treatment of residual symptoms . | 0 |
a fluorescence detecting apparatus includes : a light source for illuminating the surface of detection of a sample with excitation light ; a ccd area image sensor for detecting fluorescence emitted from the sample ; and a micromirror array device for irradiating excitation light in a 2 - dimensional illumination pattern generated by an information processor based on the detected result from the ccd area image sensor . in this configuration , irradiation of weak excitation light on areas that contain large amounts of fluorescent dyes hence would emit strong fluorescence makes it possible to excite reduced amounts of fluorescence and thereby inhibit adverse effects such as blurring or spreading of light of fluorescent wavelengths around the areas as well as to prevent the high - sensitivity fluorescence detecting device from being saturated by excessive amounts of light . on the other hand , irradiation of strong excitation light on areas that contain lower amounts of fluorescent dyes hence would emit weak fluorescence makes it possible to obtain high enough amounts of fluorescence that can be detected by the fluorescence detecting device . | 6 |
a portable rock dust blowing apparatus comprising a wheel or skid supported framework upon which is mounted a blower designed to derive it &# 39 ; s driving power from a belt engaging roller which is also supported on the framework . also mounted on the framework is a pair of inverted u - shaped channel members which are employed for adjusting the framework relative to an endless belt travelling under the framework . a hopper for containing a rock dust or the like is used along with the aforesaid apparatus whereby the blower assembly will be employed for directing the rock dust on to the walls , ceiling and floor of a mine tunnel or shaft by one utilizing the rock dust blower of the present invention . | 4 |
a rotor for a propulsive thrust device comprises a hub having a peripheral surface ; a plurality of rotor blades received at the peripheral surface of the hub ; a first bearing assembly located in the hub and around a shank of a respective rotor blade to support the rotor blade in the hub under centrifugal loading and to allow the rotor blade to rotate about a longitudinal axis ; and a second bearing assembly located in the hub and around a shank of a respective rotor blade and inward of the first bearing assembly to preload the first bearing assembly . a preload bearing assembly comprises an outer race ; a plurality of rolling elements located therein ; and a plurality of studs located in communication with the outer race . adjustment of the studs distributes a tensile load around the outer race to exert a preload force on a bearing assembly supporting the rotor blade . | 5 |
an entertainment system that exhibits advantages of fiber - to - the - seat systems , has improved failure recovery characteristics , and reduces the connection components is disclosed . in one aspect , an inflight entertainment system comprises a plurality of head end line replaceable units physically interconnected in a ring configuration and a plurality of serially - connected networking line replaceable units physically interconnected in a serial configuration , wherein two of the serially - connected networking line replaceable units at the edge of the serial configuration are physically interconnected with two of the head end line replaceable units , respectively , wherein a loop - free head end data path is maintained between active head end line replaceable units by regulating link participation in the head end data path , and wherein one or more loop - free serially - connected networking data paths are maintained between at least one of the two head end line replaceable units and active serially - connected networking line replaceable units by regulating link participation in the serially - connected networking data paths . | 7 |
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