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devices to enhance the reliability of optical networks and to reduce the cost of repair are disclosed in this invention . in particular , fiber optic union adapters with built - in protective isolation prevent a damaged , connectorized fiber optic cable from degrading other fiber optic terminations within the network should they be physically connected . the fiber optic union comprises a split sleeve with an interior channel and a fiber stub centrally located within the interior channel . the fiber stub prevents the ferrules of two different cables from making direct physical exchange but allows them to make efficient optical exchange . opposite ends of the fiber stub are optically polished to enable physical contact to the ferrules of fiber optic cables with low insertion loss and low backreflection . devices to achieve low loss isolated interconnection between cables containing dissimilar fiber types by use of a fiber taper are further disclosed . | 6 |
the present invention is directed to a surgical drill guide . the drill guide may include a first drill guide body having a distal end for placement substantially adjacent a bone , a second drill guide body slidable with respect to the first drill guide body and having a proximal end for contacting a portion of a drill bit , a handle associated with at least one of the first drill guide body and the second drill guide body , and a detent mechanism for releasably retaining the position of the first drill guide body with respect to the second drill guide body in predefined increments . additionally or alternatively , the drill guide may include a locking member movable between a first position where it substantially prevents sliding of the second drill guide body with respect to the first drill guide body , and a second position where it permits sliding of the second drill guide body with respect to the first drill guide body . the locking member may be resiliently biased to the first position . other features for improving the drill guide are disclosed and claimed as well . | 0 |
there is provided an ultrasonic doppler blood - flow meter which can suppress the occurrence of unwanted frequency components by suppressing the jump of signal to thereby produce images of high quality a dc feedback circuit is provided which negatively feeds back a doppler deviated signal produced from an integrator to the input thereof . the feedback amount of the dc feedback circuit is changed in synchronism with the timing for switching between the b - mode transmission / reception sequence and the doppler mode sequence to prevent a jump of a signal at the commencement of the doppler mode . the feedback amount of the dc feedback circuit is made to be different for the gate moving sequence and the doppler mode sequence , thereby preventing a jump of a transient signal due to a discontinuous input signal at the commencement of the doppler mode . | 6 |
a needle core biopsy instrument / extractor for extracting a tissue sample via needle aspiration is disclosed . the extractor comprises a first cannula having a sharpened , beveled cutting tip and biopsy reservoir formed on it distal end . the proximal end of the first cannula is in fluid communication with a conventional syringe such that when the plunger of the syringe is retracted via manipulation o the extractor , a vacuum is created within the biopsy reservoir of the first cannula axially mounted about the first cannula is a second cutting cannula which is designed and configured to selectively cover and uncover the distal end of the first cannula . a biasing member , preferably a spring , is provided to urge the second cannula forward about the distal end of the first cannula . the syringe , coaxially positioned first and second cannulas , and biasing member are contained within an introducer which is preferably designed and configured to be manipulated by one hand . the handle slide and lever of the device are oriented in such a way as to allow the retention of tissue via vacuum and the severing of the specimen by the second cannula to be exactly timed by cam operation . | 0 |
the present invention provides an electrically heated nozzle for injection molding which is insulated to prevent conduction of electricity and loss of thermal transmission to the casing , with an electric heater and sensor that are wrapped around substantially the same portion of a melt channel of the nozzle . | 1 |
a tough , high performance polyimide is provided by reacting a triple bond conjugated with an aromatic ring in a bisethynyl compound with the active double bond in a compound containing a double bond activated toward the formation of a diels - adler type adduct , especially a bismaleimide , a biscitraconimide , or a benzoquinone , or mixtures thereof . addition curing of this product produces a highly linear polymeric structure and heat treating the highly linear polymeric structure produces a thermally - stable aromatic addition - type thermoplastic polyimide , which finds utility in the preparation of molding compounds , adhesive compositions , and polymer matrix composites . | 2 |
the present invention relates to novel expression cassettes and expression vectors , comprising three nucleic acid sequences for araa , arab and arad , each coding for a polypeptide of an l - arabinose metabolic pathway , in particular , a bacterial l - arabinose metabolic pathway . the invention particularly relates to expression cassettes and expression vectors , comprising codon - optimized nucleic acid sequences for araa , arab and arad . the invention further relates to host cells , in particular modified yeast strains containing the expression cassettes or expression vectors and expressing the polypeptides for the l - arabinose metabolic pathway , in particular , for the bacterial l - arabinose metabolic pathway . when using these modified host cells , arabinose is more effectively fermented by these cells , in particular into ethanol . the present invention is therefore relevant , inter alia , in connection with the production of biochemicals from biomass , such as bioethanol for example . | 8 |
an improved slurry for polish removal . one application of this slurry is for shallow trench isolation processing in semiconductor manufacturing . the improved slurry has an enhanced oxide to nitride polish removal selectivity . a modified slurry is formed by mixing a polishing slurry with tetramethyl ammonium hydroxide and hydrogen peroxide . in an alternative embodiment , the modified slurry is formed by mixing a salt of tetramethyl ammonium with a base and with hydrogen peroxide to form the modified slurry . the improved slurry when used during the chemical mechanical polishing step of an integrated shallow trench isolation manufacturing process allows the reverse pattern , etch and clean steps to be eliminated prior to cmp . | 2 |
We report the results of new transit observations for the three hot Jupiter-like planets, HATP-36b, HATP-56b, and WASP-52b, respectively. Transit timing variations (TTVs) are presented for these systems based on observations that span the period 2016-2020. The data were collected with the 0.6-m telescope at Adiyaman University (ADYU60, Turkey) and the 1.0 m telescope at TÜBİTAK National Observatory (TUG, Turkey). Global fits were performed to the combined light curves for each system along with the corresponding radial velocity (RV) data taken from the literature. The extracted parameters (for all three systems) are found to be consistent with the values from previous studies. Through fits to the combined mid-transit times data from our observations and the data available in the literature, an updated linear ephemeris is obtained for each system. Although a number of potential outliers are noted in the respective O-C diagrams, the majority of the data are consistent within the 3σ confidence level implying a lack of convincing evidence for the existence of additional objects in the systems studied. | 9 |
an aesthetic security doorway is made up of a door with a support structure and a number of crossbars which are shaped and arranged to take on an aesthetically pleasing design , and a doorframe surrounding the door with ornamentation that continues the design of the door onto the doorframe so as to form a unitary decorative image . the crossbars and ornamentation can convey a variety of suitable design themes , such as palm tree branches and fronds , or vines and leaves . also disclosed is a method for concealing a security door by arranging a number of crossbars on the door to form a decorative design , and providing ornamentation on the surrounding doorframe to continue the design of the door onto the doorframe . | 1 |
I am using multi-epoch astrometry from the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) to search for new members of the solar neighborhood via their high proper motions. Through this work, I have identified WISE J104915.57-531906.1 as a high proper motion object and have found additional detections in images from the Digitized Sky Survey, the Two Micron All-Sky Survey, and the Deep Near-Infrared Survey of the Southern Sky. I have measured a parallax of 0.''496 ± 0.''037 (2.0 ± 0.15 pc) from the astrometry in these surveys, making WISE J104915.57-531906.1 the third closest system to the Sun. During spectroscopic observations with the Gemini Multi-Object Spectrograph at Gemini Observatory, an i-band acquisition image resolved it as a 1.''5 (3 AU) binary. A spectrum was collected for the primary, which I classify as L8 ± 1. The secondary is probably near the L/T transition as well given that it is only modestly fainter than the primary (Δi = 0.45 mag). <P />Based on data from the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, Gemini Observatory, the Two Micron All-Sky Survey, the Deep Near-Infrared Survey of the Southern Sky, and the Digitized Sky Survey. | 9 |
a nail gun has a free end 19 a and central potion of a trigger arm 19 positioned within a trigger 11 , on an upper end 12 a of a safety portion 12 and at a plunger 17 , respectively . when the trigger 11 is pivoted on its pivot end 16 , pivoting movement of the trigger 11 moves a pivot end 18 of the trigger arm 19 to press the central portion of the trigger arm 19 into contact with the plunger 17 and , with the plunger 17 serving as a fulcrum , to press the free end 19 a downward against the upper end 12 a of the safety portion 12 . if downward movement of the safety portion 12 is obstructed when the trigger 11 is pivoted , the upper end 12 a contacted by the free end 19 a of the trigger arm 19 serves as a fulcrum around which the trigger arm 19 pivots with movement of the trigger 11 , whereupon the central portion of the trigger arm 19 presses the plunger 17 inward so that an activation switch 10 activates a blade 7 to eject a nail through a nose piece 5 . | 1 |
a product , and a wall system utilizing such product , adapted to allow drainage of moisture from a wall of a structure . a sheet of corrugated material forms a plurality of ridges and grooves on opposite sides of the sheet of corrugated material . the sheet of corrugated material is relatively inflexible under a force applied generally perpendicular to the sheet . the sheet of corrugated material has a multiplicity of perforations . a sheet of water permeable material is affixed to one side of the sheet of corrugated material . the product is flexible in a direction along the plurality of ridges and grooves allowing the product to be stocked in roll form . a method of providing drainage of moisture from a wall structure is also disclosed . | 8 |
The erratic spin history of Vela X-1 shows some continuous spin-up/spin-down trend over tens of days. We study the orbital profile and spectral property of Vela X-1 in these spin-up/spin-down intervals, using the spin history monitored by Fermi/GBM and light curve from Swift/BAT and MAXI/GSC. The BAT fluxes in the spin-up intervals are about 1.6 times those of the spin-down intervals for out-of-eclipse orbital phases. The spin-up intervals also show a higher column density than the spin-down intervals, indicating that there is more material on the orbital scale for the spin-up intervals. It could be due to the variation of the stellar wind of the optical star (HD 77581) on tens of days. The varying wind could lead to alternating prograde/retrograde accreting flow to the neutron star, which dominates the transfer of the angular momentum to Vela X-1, but not the total observed luminosity. | 9 |
We study the problem of the escape and transport of cosmic rays (CRs) from a source embedded in a fully ionized, hot phase of the interstellar medium (HIM). In particular, we model the CR escape and their propagation in the source vicinity taking into account excitation of Alfvénic turbulence by CR streaming and mechanisms damping the self-excited turbulence itself. Our estimates of escape radii and times result in large values (100 pc, 2 × 10<SUP>5</SUP> yr) for particle energies ≲ 20 GeV and smaller values for particles with increasing energies (35 pc and 14 kyr at 1 TeV). These escape times and radii, when used as initial conditions for the CR propagation outside the source, result in relevant suppression of the diffusion coefficient (by a factor 5-10) on time-scales comparable with their (energy dependent) escape time-scale. The damping mechanisms are fast enough that even on shorter time-scales, the Alfvénic turbulence is efficiently damped, and the ratio between random and ordered component of the magnetic field is δB/B<SUB>0</SUB> ≪ 1, justifying the use of quasi-linear theory. In spite of the suppressed diffusion coefficient, and then the increased residence time in the vicinity (≤200 pc) of their source, the grammage accumulated by CRs after their escape is found to be negligible (at all energies) as compared to the one accumulated while diffusing in the whole Galaxy, due to the low density of the HIM. | 9 |
the present invention is directed to a micro - switch assembly involving a magnetic latching mechanism . in one aspect of the present invention , it involves a micromachined structure that comprises an outer frame , an inner frame pivotally connected to the outer frame and rotates when an external electromagnetic force is applied , and a mechanism for latching the inner frame at a given angle of inclination relative to the outer frame . one embodiment of the present invention involves the use of a magnetic material , such as permalloy , and permanent magnets to achieve the latching result . a permalloy piece is attached to the inner frame of the micro - switch assembly and a magnet layer is attached to the outer frame . the magnetic force attracting the permalloy piece and the magnet layer allows the latching of the two frames to occur in the absence of the external applied electromagnetic force . the use of this magnetic latching mechanism allows a reduction in the use of electric current to maintain a movable frame in a micromachined structure or a micro - switch assembly in a fixed position . it provides greater mechanical and optical stability and less energy consumption . in other embodiments , additional permalloy pieces can be added to the outer frame to increase the magnetic field , so as to further reduce the electric current necessary for latching and unlatching the frames . | 6 |
methods of establishing secure communication channels in peer - to - peer environments are provided that eliminate role conflicts between peers by determining which peer will act as a client and which the peer will act as a server in a secure connection handshake . in one embodiment , an attribute of the handshake messages are used in a tiebreaker process to determine which peer assumes the role of the server . in another embodiment , the attribute may be used to compute a wait period for each peer , or the wait period may be based on a random time period , and the peers cancel their request and resent requests after waiting their respective time periods . | 7 |
the invention relates to an electrical energy generation facility comprising :— a steam generation device that is suitable for producing saturated steam from a heat source and is arranged in a chamber ;— a set of one or more separators that is / are connected downstream to the steam generation device and is / are suitable for removing most of the water from the steam generated by the device , said set being arranged in the chamber ;— a set of one or more dryers which is connected upstream to the set of separators and is suitable for collecting the water droplets suspended in the steam that is discharged from the set of separators so as to generate dry steam ;— a steam turbine comprising at least one body for expanding dry steam , the steam turbine being suitable for producing electricity from the dry steam ;— a set of exchangers is arranged outside the chamber of the steam generation device , the inlet of the set of dryers is connected upstream to the set of separators , a first outlet is connected downstream to the inlet of the body of the turbine , and a second outlet is connected downstream , as a heat source , to the set of exchangers . | 5 |
a wiper device in which the swing angle of a blade set narrower or smaller during a high speed travel of a vehicle . thus , in spite of a high speed travel of the vehicle , there is no fear that the upper limit of the blade exceeds a side edge of the vehicle window due to wind pressure on the blade . | 1 |
a limited slip differential is disclosed which includes a first rotary element , a second rotary element , and hydraulic means including a plurality of reciprocal pistons in slidable engagement with internal cam surface means of the first rotary element . the hydraulic means include an accumulator and fluid passage means in fluid communication with the accumulator and each of pressure chambers defined by the pistons . a pressure relief valve is provided in the accumulator chamber to prevent excessive increase in hydraulic fluid pressure in the hydraulic means . | 8 |
provided are a digital television receiver in which a user on a digital television receiver side selects a program from among programs for changing an operation screen , which have undergone push - type distribution by being superposed on a broadcast wave , making it possible to customize a gui by a simple operation , and a gui changing method for the digital television receiver . the digital television receiver of the present invention includes : a television picture signal ; a receiving unit for receiving a program for changing a gui ; an installing unit for selectively installing the program received by the receiving means ; and a changing unit for executing the installed program to change the gui . | 7 |
a fully adjustable , simplified system for installing a sloping roof on top of an existing flat roof is disclosed . top and bottom roof spanning members are interconnected by individually vertically adjustable stanchions and the stanchions in the system are cross - braced in two orthogonal planes . the top and bottom spanning members of the system can be parallel or perpendicular to each other and the bottom spanning members can be eliminated and replaced by individual bearing plates where the existing roof structure allows direct loading at localized points . the system utilizes precut and prepunched components and utilizes offset hole punching to achieve a fine degree of adjustability which renders the system highly versatile . | 4 |
a method detects for an event of a key of a keyboard . key events include a make event executed when a key is depressed , a break event executed when a key is released , and a repeat event executed while a key is depressed for longer than a repeat threshold time . the touchpad is deactivated upon detection of the make event , and deactivated upon detection of the break event when not receiving input . the touchpad is reactivated immediately after a deactivation interval has elapsed . the touchpad is normally activated , and temporary deactivation is followed by reactivation . | 6 |
We report trigonometric parallax measurements of 22 GHz H<SUB>2</SUB>O masers in two massive star-forming regions from Very Long Baseline Array observations as part of the Bar and Spiral Structure Legacy Survey. The distances of 11.11^{+0.79}_{-0.69} kpc to W49N (G043.16+0.01) and 10.75^{+0.61}_{-0.55} kpc to G048.60+0.02 locate them in a distant section of the Perseus arm near the solar circle in the first Galactic quadrant. This allows us to locate accurately the inner portion of the Perseus arm for the first time. Combining the present results with sources measured in the outer portion of the arm in the second and third quadrants yields a global pitch angle of 9.°5 ± 1.°3 for the Perseus arm. We have found almost no H<SUB>2</SUB>O maser sources in the Perseus arm for 50° <l < 80°, suggesting that this ≈6 kpc section of the arm has little massive star formation activity. | 9 |
cleansing assembly comprising one or more cleansing elements and a grip with one or more attachment openings for attachment of a cleansing element , in which assembly the cleansing element consists of sheet material which , in the dry state , is substantially rigid and dimensionally stable , and comprises prefabricated , coupling components which , after the cleansing element has been attached to the grip , project into one or more attachment openings . | 0 |
a completion tubular is placed in position adjacent the zone or zones to be fractured and produced . it features preferably sliding sleeve valves one series of which can be put in the wide open position after run in for gravel packing and fracturing zones one at a time or in any desired order . these valves are then closed and another series of valves can be opened wide but with a screen material juxtaposed in the flow passage to selectively produce from one or more fractured zones . an annular path behind the gravel is provided by an offset screen to promote flow to the screened production port . the path can be a closed annulus that comes short of the production port or goes over it . for short runs an exterior screen or shroud is eliminated for a sliding sleeve with multiple screened ports that can be opened in tandem . | 4 |
a training device for golfers to aid the golfer in developing a consistent and properly oriented golf club swing . a plurality of cantilever supported feelers of a flexible nature are so mounted on a ring mounted on a column support that the free end of the feeler elements are located in a predetermined position to the golfer whereby departure of the golf club path of movement from the proper path will cause the golf club shaft to engage a feeler free end and indicate to the golfer correction is required . | 0 |
the invention is directed to a method and apparatus for advancing tubing into a draw die in reducing the diameter of the tubing . the tubing is advanced forward through opposed rotating tolls which apply compressive stress to the tubing and through a close fitting bushing . high pressure lubricant is pumped through a die socket which creates radial compressive stress on the tubing passing through the die socket into the draw die . | 1 |
Machine learning has emerged as a popular and powerful approach for solving problems in astrophysics. We review applications of machine learning techniques for the analysis of ground-based gravitational-wave detector data. Examples include techniques for improving the sensitivity of Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo gravitational-wave searches, methods for fast measurements of the astrophysical parameters of gravitational-wave sources, and algorithms for reduction and characterization of non-astrophysical detector noise. These applications demonstrate how machine learning techniques may be harnessed to enhance the science that is possible with current and future gravitational-wave detectors. | 9 |
a metal sheathed heater includes a solid state control device that allows the metal sheathed heater to be more efficiently operated . the control device supplies or terminates power to the heater according to certain conditions . further , the control device uses predetermined time periods to control power to the heater . thus , the heater is not kept on unnecessarily . | 7 |
an improved fire - resistant above - ground storage tank for flammable and combustible materials is fabricated from steel plates of at least 10 gauge , the sheets being made from a ferrous alloy having a maximum of approximately 0 . 15 % carbon and a maximum of approximately 0 . 8 % manganese and the steel plates welded in a specific way resulting in a tank that can withstand a 2000 ° f . environment for a minimum of two hours . | 1 |
CarpetX is a driver for the Cactus software framework. It provides adaptive mesh refinement and multi-block discretizations to applications. CarpetX uses AMReX to offer distributed memory parallelism, multi-threading, and GPU support. CarpetX is intended for the Einstein Toolkit, a software package for simulating computational relativistic astrophysics systems. | 9 |
Eruptive stars are a class of young stellar objects that show an abrupt increase in their luminosity. These burst-like episodes are thought to dominate the stellar accretion process during the class 0/class I stage. We present an overview of a survey of seven episodically accreting protostars aimed at studying their potentially complex circumstellar surroundings. The observations were performed with the instrument SPHERE, mounted at the VLT. We observed the eruptive stars in $H$-band with the near-infrared imager IRDIS and used the polarimeter to extract the polarized light scattered from the stars' surroundings. We produced polarized light images for three FUor objects, Z CMa, V960 Mon, and FU Ori, and four EXor objects, XZ Tau, UZ Tau, NY Ori, and EX Lup. We calculated the intrinsic polarization fraction for all the observed stars. In all systems we registered scattered light from around the primary star. FU Ori and V960 Mon are surrounded by complex structures including spiral-like features. In Z CMa, we detected a point source 0.7 arcsec to the northeast of the primary. Based on the astrometric measurements from archival Keck/NIRC2 data, we find this source to be a third member of the system. Further, Z CMa displays an outflow extending thousands of au. Unlike the other EXor objects in our sample, XZ Tau shows bright, extended scattered light structures, also associated with an outflow on a scale of hundreds of au. The other EXors show relatively faint disk-like structures in the immediate vicinity of the coronagraph. Asymmetric arms were only found around FUor objects, while faint disks seem to predominantly occur around EXors. Importantly, for Z CMa the detection of the faint extended structure questions previous interpretations of the system's dynamic state. The streamer which was associated with a fly-by object turned out to be part of a huge outflow extending 6000 au. | 9 |
a semiconductor memory device includes a memory cell array including a plurality of memory cell transistors , an x decoder designating a position of an x axis of the memory cell , a y decoder designating a position of a y axis crossing the x axis , a controller collectively controlling operations of read , write and erase of the memory cell transistors via the x decoder and the y decoder , a semiconductor time switch generating an output signal after a predetermined life time elapses without a power source , and a refresh trigger circuit receiving the output signal from the semiconductor time switch , and giving the controller instructions to transfer information stored in one area of the memory cell array to other area thereof to refresh the information . | 6 |
As a major component of the LAMOST Galactic surveys, the LAMOST Spectroscopic Survey of the Galactic Anti-center (LSS-GAC) will survey a significant volume of the Galactic thin/thick disks and halo in a contiguous sky area of ~3,400 sq.deg., centered on the Galactic anti-center (|b| <= 30°, 150 <= l <= 210°), and obtain λλ3800-9000 low resolution (R ~1,800) spectra for a statistically complete sample of >~ 3 M stars of all colors, uniformly and randomly selected from (r, g - r) and (r, r - i) Hess diagrams obtained from a CCD imaging photometric survey of ~5,400 sq.deg. with the Xuyi 1.04/1.20 m Schmidt Telescope, ranging from r = 14.0 to a limiting magnitude of r = 17.8 (18.5 for limited fields). The survey will deliver spectral classification, radial velocity (V <SUB>r</SUB>) and stellar parameters (effective temperature (T <SUB>eff</SUB>), surface gravity (log g) and metallicity [Fe/H]) for millions of Galactic stars. Together with Gaia which will provide accurate distances and tangential velocities for a billion stars, the LSS-GAC will yield a unique data set to study the stellar populations, chemical composition, kinematics and structure of the disks and their interface with the halo, identify streams of debris of tidally disrupted dwarf galaxies and clusters, probe the gravitational potential and dark matter distribution, map the 3D distribution of interstellar dust extinction, search for rare objects (e.g. extremely metal-poor or hyper-velocity stars), and ultimately advance our understanding of the assemblage of the Milky Way and other galaxies and the origin of regularity and diversity of their properties. <P />The survey was initiated in the fall of 2012 and expected to complete in the spring of 2017. Hitherto, about 0.4 M spectra of S/N(λ7450) >= 10 per pixel have been accumulated. In addition, bright nights have been used to target stars brighter than 14 mag and have so far generated over 0.4 M spectra, yielding an excellent sample of local stars to probe the solar neighborhood. LSP3, a set of pipelines tailored to the need of LSS-GAC, for spectral flux-calibration, and radial velocity and stellar parameter determinations, have been developed at Peking University, based on packages developed for the SDSS and those at the National Astronomical Observatories of Chinese Academy of Sciences. Comparisons of multi-epoch observations, with the SDSS results, as well as applying the pipelines to open and globular clusters show that LSP3 has achieved a precision of 5 km s<SUP>-1</SUP>, 110 K, 0.15 dex and 0.15 dex for V <SUB>r</SUB>, T <SUB>eff</SUB>, log g and [Fe/H], respectively. The data are publicly available, subject to regulations of the LAMOST data policy, and begin to yield scientific results. The potential of LSS-GAC and power of existing data are illustrated with examples of selected problems. | 9 |
a turbo - charcoal barbecue is designed with five main features ; a detachable turbo unit , an adjustable rotisserie ensemble , a moveable charcoal tray , removable ash trays , and fire screen . the detachable turbo unit is positioned to recirculate hot air from underneath the charcoal tray and redistribute the hot air to the upper and lower areas of the grill . the turbo - charcoal barbecue includes an adjustable rotisserie ensemble . both the turbo unit and rotisserie are driven by a 12 volt motor or from an electrical outlet using a transformer . the charcoal tray sits on a plate which is attached to a crank shaft mechanism used for raising and lowering the charcoal tray . a rectangular shaped fire screen contains small holes spaced evenly apart from each other designed to both block flash flames and allow the heat produced from the ignited briquets to flow through it . the lower chamber of the barbecue pit collects expended ash material and beneath the lower chamber are removable ash trays that collect ashes that are swept down chutes from the lower chamber . | 0 |
methods and systems for transmission are shown that include iteratively generating an optimized precoder matrix and optimized linear filters for multiple receivers , where the optimized precoder matrix is based on a linear filter from a previous iteration and the optimized linear filters the multiple receivers are based on a precoder matrix from a previous iteration , precoding an input stream using the iteratively generated optimized precoder matrix to produce transmission streams for the multiple receivers , where at least one receiver has a plurality of associated transmission streams , and transmitting the transmission streams with multiple antennas to the receivers . | 7 |
an electrospinning apparatus capable of : forming a buffer section between the respective units of the electrospinning apparatus and installing a vertically movable adjustment roller in the buffer section to adjust the transfer speed and time of a long sheet , which passes through the respective units , for each section and prevents the crumpling , sagging , snapping , breakage , and damage of the elongated sheet , avoiding abnormal transfer of the elongated sheet due to electrostatic attraction during electrospinning and , in a nanofiber production step , disposing an apparatus for detecting the sagging of the elongated sheet before and after a spinning zone , detecting the sagging of the elongated sheet , and transmitting the signal to an apparatus for assisting the transfer of the elongated sheet so as to adjust the transfer speed of the elongated sheet . this automatically improves the sagging of the sheet and thereby effectively prevent the problem caused by the sagging of the sheet . | 3 |
Context. Hydrodynamical instabilities are likely the main source of turbulence in weakly ionized regions of protoplanetary disks. Among these, the vertical shear instability (VSI) stands out as a rather robust mechanism due to its few requirements to operate, namely a baroclinic stratification, which is enforced by the balance of stellar heating and radiative cooling, and short thermal relaxation timescales. <BR /> Aims: Our goal is to characterize the transport of angular momentum and the turbulent heating produced by the nonlinear evolution of the VSI in axisymmetric models of disks around T Tauri stars, considering varying degrees of depletion of small dust grains resulting from dust coagulation. We also explore the local applicability of both local and global VSI-stability criteria. <BR /> Methods: We modeled the gas-dust mixture in our disk models by means of high-resolution axisymmetric radiation-hydrodynamical simulations including stellar irradiation with frequency-dependent opacities. This is the first study of this instability to rely on two-moment radiative transfer methods. Not only are these able to handle transport in both the optically thin and thick limits, but also they can be integrated via implicit-explicit methods, thus avoiding the employment of expensive global matrix solvers. This is done at the cost of artificially reducing the speed of light, which, as we verified for this work, does not introduce unphysical phenomena. <BR /> Results: Given sufficient depletion of small grains (with a dust-to-gas mass ratio of 10% of our nominal value of 10<SUP>−3</SUP> for < 0.25 μm grains), the VSI can operate in surface disk layers while being inactive close to the midplane, resulting in a suppression of the VSI body modes. The VSI reduces the initial vertical shear in bands of approximately uniform specific angular momentum, whose formation is likely favored by the enforced axisymmetry. Similarities with Reynolds stresses and angular momentum distributions in 3D simulations suggest that the VSI-induced angular momentum mixing in the radial direction may be predominantly axisymmetric. The stability regions in our models are well explained by local stability criteria, while the employment of global criteria is still justifiable up to a few scale heights above the midplane, at least as long as VSI modes are radially optically thin. Turbulent heating produces only marginal temperature increases of at most 0.1% and 0.01% in the nominal and dust-depleted models, respectively, peaking at a few (approximately three) scale heights above the midplane. We conclude that it is unlikely that the VSI can, in general, lead to any significant temperature increase since that would either require it to efficiently operate in largely optically thick disk regions or to produce larger levels of turbulence than predicted by models of passive irradiated disks. | 9 |
a wind energy installation having a tower , a gondola supported by the tower , a rotor mounted in the gondola , and at least one pressure pump that is mechanically driven by the rotor and that feeds a raw water - treating reverse osmosis plant , the components of the reverse osmosis plant being arranged within the tower . | 8 |
there is disclosed a method of constructing a laminated composite bidirectional panel from commercially available transparent / see - through materials , which may be used as shades for openings , such as doors and windows , to advance an aesthetically pleasing appearance in which , changeable decorative images of varying configurations and colors are incorporated between layers of laminations to promote the mood of a particular season , occasion , or event . | 1 |
a method and apparatus for accessing data blocks in a computer system having multiple - disk drive rotational position sensing which is not centrally synchronized and where data read and write requests are normally weighted by the order of availability of requested data blocks . the weighting of the priority , or queue position , of selected data blocks is modified by advancing the apparent initial location of data blocks designated for preferental access and maintaining an availability signal , or peripheral interrupt , for an extended period . a special pre - data - transfer instruction indicates the duration of the peripheral interrupt . a circuit for implementing the invention has a storage register for receiving the special instruction , a down counter for decrementing for the duration of the designated pre - data - interrupt and an interrupt duration control latch for issuing and extinguishing the interrupt . the invention permits preferential processing of demand type high priority data where there is no central clock synchronization among peripheral storage devices . | 6 |
the present invention is a drainable ostomy pouch having a closure system that includes a resealable press and seal material . the material facilitates closing and opening of the ostomy pouch outlet . a space between the comfort panel and the pouch material can accommodate the closure system or at least a portion of the closure system . | 0 |
a deep water subsea tree completion having a distributed temperature sensing system . in a described embodiment , a method of installing an optical fiber in a well includes the steps of : conveying an optical fiber section into the well ; and monitoring a light transmission quality of the optical fiber section while the section is being conveyed into the well . | 4 |
a receiver antenna system of broad bandwidth including a plurality of active , vertical individual antennae , which have an electrically - active antenna height adapted to the respective received frequency range , is minimized with regard to the mutual electromagnetic coupling between the individual antennae , which are positioned at a small spacing distance . | 7 |
the individual wires of large capacity cables are held in predetermined spaced - apart positions by a device having dimensions suitable for insertion through conventional conduits . in one embodiment , a flexible support comprising a pair of tapes or the like secure the wires therebetween in areas which have aligned apertures so that access may be had to the wires for splicing connectors . | 8 |
a multiple stage variable speed blower for continuous positive airway pressure ventilation of patients includes two impellers in the gas flow path that cooperatively pressurize gas to desired pressure and flow characteristics . thus , the multiple stage blower can provide faster pressure response and desired flow characteristics over a narrower range of motor speeds , resulting in greater reliability and less acoustic noise . | 5 |
a computer readable storage medium stores a set of instructions executable by a processor . the instructions are operable to receive , from a plurality of sources , data relating to a plurality of problems in a network ; categorize the data according to a plurality of criteria , the criteria relating to the plurality of problems ; and generate a subset of the categorized data . | 6 |
LklCom is a high-level Python package providing a backend for combining likelihoods from different experiments. | 9 |
the invention is a method that , by processing captured images by means of a submarine camera located inside a fish breeding cage and under the mass of fish or feeding zone , allow to detect and quantify in real - time the non - consumed particles of food . the submarine camera captures images that are sent to a computer , which , by means of a software , digitalizes and quantifies the particles in real - time , making alarms or actions when the number of particles reaches established patterns . | 8 |
a coupling for bringing a first conduit in communication with a second conduit . each of the conduits has an end to be coupled . each of the conduits is adapted for conducting a fluid . the coupling has a channel adapted for channeling said fluid from said first conduit into said second conduit . furthermore , the coupling comprises a seal adapted for sealing and receiving said ends of said first and second conduits . the seal is adapted for sealing said channel . | 6 |
unsupervised learning of object category from images is carried out by using an automatic image recognition system . a plurality of training images are automatically analyzed using an interest operator which produces an indication of features . those features are clustered using a vector quantizer . the model is learned from the features using expectation maximization to assess a joint probability of which features are most relevant . | 6 |
Cool gas (T~10<SUP>4</SUP> K) traced by hydrogen Ly α emission is now routinely detected around z ~ 3 quasars, but little is known about their molecular gas reservoirs. Here, we present an APEX spectroscopic survey of the CO(6-5), CO(7-6), and [C I](2-1) emission lines for nine quasars from the QSO MUSEUM survey, which have similar UV luminosities, but very diverse Ly α nebulae. These observations ($\lesssim ngle ~\rm rms~\rangle =2.6$ mJy in 300 km s<SUP>-1</SUP>) detected three CO(6-5) lines with 3.4≤I<SUB>CO(6-5)</SUB> ≤5.1 Jy km s<SUP>-1</SUP>, 620≤FWHM≤707 km s<SUP>-1</SUP>, and three [C I](2-1) lines with 2.3$\le I_{\rm [C{\small I}](2-1)} \le$15.7 Jy km s<SUP>-1</SUP>, 329≤FWHM≤943 km s<SUP>-1</SUP>. For the CO and [C I] detected sources, we constrain the molecular gas reservoirs to be $\rm M_{H_{2}} = (0.4-6.9) \times 10^{11}\, M_{\odot }$, while the non-detections imply $\rm M_{H_{2}} \lt 1.1\times 10^{11}\, M_{\odot }$. We compare our observations with the extended Ly α properties to understand the link between the cool and the molecular gas phases. We find large velocity shifts between the bulk of Ly α and the molecular gas systemic redshift in five sources (from ~-400 to ~+1200 km s<SUP>-1</SUP>). The sources with the largest shifts have the largest Ly α line widths in the sample, suggesting more turbulent gas conditions and/or large-scale inflows/outflows around these quasars. We also find that the brightest ($I_{\rm [C{\small I}](2-1)}=15.7\pm 3.7~\rm Jy~km~s^{-1}$) and the widest (FWHM~900 km s<SUP>-1</SUP>) lines are detected for the smallest and dimmest Ly α nebulae. From this, we speculate that host galaxy obscuration can play an important role in reducing the ionizing and Ly α photons able to escape to halo scales, and/or that these systems are hosted by more massive haloes. | 9 |
aspects of the inventions generally provide a method and apparatus for coupling a communication sub to a wired drill pipe . in one aspect , a surface of a coupler head is non threaded and configured to provide a retaining force . in another aspect , a coupler head is coupled to a body , and a support mechanism is coupled to the body and configured to secure the coupler head within a receiving end of the wired drill pipe . in another aspect , a method of placing a communication sub involves inserting the communication sub into the receiving end of the wired drill pipe , adjusting the position of the communication sub until an indication of signal communication between the communication sub and the wired drill pipe is observed , and after the indication of signal communication is observed , retaining the communication sub within the receiving end until removal of the communication sub is desired . | 4 |
circuits and methods for a switched power converter providing charge power for at least one battery and at the same time delivering current to operate an electronic device , wherein the converter is enabled to operate out of current limit mode , for the maximum possible range of system load requirements , have been achieved . the input current of the power converter is measured within each cycle - by - cycle , i . e . within each cycle of an external clock reference and the charge current is reduced if the input current exceeds a defined portion , e . g . 80 % of the maximum allowable input current . the power converter may only enter current limited operation after the charge current has been already reduced to zero . operating out of current limit mode ensures a maximum efficiency of the converter , maximize the current deliverable to a given load and minimizes subharmonics in the output current and voltage , thereby minimizing interference with other system component . | 7 |
🧮 suanPan is a finite element method (FEM) simulation platform for applications in fields such as solid mechanics and civil/structural/seismic engineering. suanPan is written in modern high quality C++ code and is targeted to provide an efficient, concise, flexible and reliable FEM simulation platform. Please refer to the repository for more information. https://github.com/TLCFEM/suanPan | 9 |
replaceable shaving assemblies are disclosed that include a razor cartridge having a lubricating strip geometry that is designed to work with the blade geometry and other cartridge features to provide a close , comfortable shave over the intended lifetime of the cartridge . shaving systems including such shaving assemblies are also disclosed , as are methods of using such shaving systems and methods of manufacturing these cartridges . | 1 |
an impact printer of the daisywheel type mechanically links together two daisywheel printer carriages so that the total number of different characters that can be printed is doubled . suitable coordination logic provides for operation in a first concurrent mode where the user &# 39 ; s software looks ahead to provide for continuous printing along a single line . the other mode of operation is sequential where the twin print heads are substantially transparent to the user &# 39 ; s system and thus the appropriate print head automatically positions itself to a printing position . | 1 |
We present an analysis of the spatial density structure for the outer disk from 8-14 kpc with the LAMOST DR5 13,534 OB-type stars and observe similar flaring on the north and south sides of the disk, implying that the flaring structure is symmetrical about the Galactic plane, for which the scale height at different Galactocentric distances is from 0.14 to 0.5 kpc. By using the average slope to characterize the flaring strength, we find that the thickness of the OB stellar disk is similar but that flaring is slightly stronger compared to the thin disk as traced by red giant branch stars, possibly implying that secular evolution is not the main contributor to the flaring but rather perturbation scenarios such as interactions with passing dwarf galaxies could be possible. When comparing the scale height of the OB stellar disk on the north and south sides with the gas disk, the former one is slightly thicker than the latter one by ≈33 and 9 pc, meaning that one could tentatively use young OB-type stars to trace the gas properties. Meanwhile, we determine that the radial scale length of the young OB stellar disk is 1.17 ± 0.05 kpc, which is shorter than that of the gas disk, confirming that the gas disk is more extended than the stellar disk. What is more, by considering the midplane displacements (Z <SUB>0</SUB>) in our density model we find that almost all values of Z <SUB>0</SUB> are within 100 pc, with an increasing trend as Galactocentric distance increases. | 9 |
a bearing arrangement includes a bearing outer element that defines a first plurality of races opening radially inwardly , a bearing inner element that defines a second plurality of races opening radially outwardly , and a bearing middle element defining a third plurality of races at its radially outer surface thereof and a fourth plurality of races at its radially inner surface thereof . rolling elements are receivable in the races . the bearing middle element includes an axial protrusion at least at one end thereof that can be received in a housing with respect to which the bearing outer and inner elements are rotatable . | 8 |
a compact terminal unit for an electric motor capable of switching over windings with ease and improving automation of assembling and inspection process of the electric motor . a terminal base is fixed at a position of a through hole formed on a housing of the electric motor . leads of the windings of a rotor are connected with cylindrical presser portions of lead connectors by caulking . a conducting portions of the lead connectors are inserted into mounting portions of the terminal base . the power cables are connected with conducting portions with screws engaged with the conducting portions so that the power cables are electrically connected with leads of the windings . since the leads are connected to the lead connectors with their orientations vertically under the power cable connection terminals not to be present in a space in a terminal box , an ample space for attachment of the power cables to the power cable connection terminals is secured . the switchover of windings from a delta connection to star connection and vice versa can be easily performed . since positions and orientation of the leads are fixed at mounting portions of the terminal base , the inspection of the windings can be easily performed . | 7 |
a dual - output mach - zehnder modulator and configurations of optical transmitters based on the mzm2 which obviate the optical splitter that is typically used to provide keep - alive functionality in redundantly - connected , protected optical networks , sonet add - drop multiplexers , and optical ip routers . the configurations provide equivalent keep - alive utility at a reduced system cost relative to the prior art . the configurations also support enhanced operations , administration , maintenance , and provisioning functionality at little to no additional cost relative to the prior art . instead of being a direct copy of the service signal , the keep - alive of this configuration is an inverted version of the service signal . this inverted version of the service signal is supported at a client by utilization of means for detecting and righting the inverted signal . the inverted state of the signal on the protection path can be used as an inband indicator to notify the client in the event of a failure on the service path . this inband indicator requires little or no additional circuitry to accommodate . another aspect of this invention allows the provisionable substitution of the inverted signal with a preemptive signal to support low - priority traffic when there is no fault on the service path s . | 7 |
a thermoplastic filament comprising multiple polymers of differing flow temperatures in a regular geometric arrangement , and a method for producing such a filament , are described . because of the difference in flow temperatures , there exists a temperature range at which one polymer is mechanically stable while the other is flowable . this property is extremely useful for creating thermoplastic monofilament feedstock for three - dimensionally printed parts , wherein the mechanically stable polymer enables geometric stability while the flowable polymer can fill gaps and provide strong bonding and homogenization between deposited material lines and layers . these multimaterial filaments can be produced via thermal drawing from a thermoplastic preform , which itself can be three - dimensionally printed . furthermore , the preform can be printed with precisely controlled and complex geometries , enabling the creation of monofilament and fiber with unique decorative or functional properties . | 1 |
exemplary embodiments of arrangements and methods providing information associated with a sample are described . for example , using such exemplary arrangements and methods , it is possible to receive an unpartitioned electro - magnetic radiation from the sample . further , first data associated with first luminescent characteristics of at least one first molecule of the sample and second data associated with second luminescent characteristics of at least one second molecule of the sample can be obtained based on the unpartitioned electro - magnetic radiation . at least two of the photo - luminescent properties of the sample may be measured simultaneously as a function of the first and second data . further , the information regarding the molecules of the sample may be determined as a function of the photo - luminescent properties . | 6 |
fluorogenic substrates for proteolytic enzymes having the formula : ## str1 ## or acid salts thereof wherein : r 1 is hydrogen - l , hydrogen - d , benzoyl , benzenesulfonyl , glutaryl , pyroglutamyl , carbobenzoxy , d - serine , or carbobenzoxy - serine ; r 2 is hydrogen , phenyl , a straight , branched or cyclic alkyl having 1 to 4 carbons , or propionic acid ; r 3 is hydrogen , straight or branched or cyclic alkyl having 1 to 4 carbons , 4 - aminobutane , or 3 - guanidylpropane ; r 4 is methyl , 4 - aminobutane , or 3 - guanidylpropane ; r 5 is a fluorogenic moiety , severable from said compound by a proteolytic enzyme and having different fluorescent property when severed from said compound than when forming part of said compound . the enzymes , when reacting with the substrate , remove the fluorogenic group r 5 producing an increase in its fluorescence . the increase of the fluorescence is an indication of the activity of the enzyme present . specific enzymes thusly detectable include plasmin , thrombin , the factors x a , xi a , and xii a , kallikrein , trypsin , elastase , urokinase , and cathepsin b 1 . | 2 |
devices for nasal insertion may include an open - ended tubular element which extends along a central tube axis between a first end and a second end , the first end being larger than the second end , and in which the tubular element includes at least one spiral strut extending from the first end to the second end , and / or a nodule having an internal face , a rounded external face , and a stalk extending from the internal face and terminating in an anchor sufficiently larger than a receptacle in the tubular element and sufficiently deformable as to be pressed through the receptacle to affix the nodule to the tubular element . | 0 |
a dish - cleaning appliance comprising a sink having a bowl with an open top for providing access to the bowl . a rack for holding dishes is provided and is received within the bowl and a liquid recirculation system is provided for spraying liquid onto the dish rack to effect the cleaning of any dishes along the rack . the lid is mounted to the sink and is movable to selectively cover the open top of the bowl . a cutting board is positioned on top of the lid and a releasable coupling secures the cutting board to the lid to limit relative movement of the cutting board and the lid . | 0 |
prostatic acid phosphatase is immunologically unstable under typical laboratory conditions . thus it is necessary to combine a stabilizing composition with samples taken for immunological assay of prostatic acid phosphatase content , and to similarly stabilize prostatic acid phosphatase - containing reagents in kits used to assay the enzyme . | 8 |
a zoom lens system has four or five lens units with the optical powers being +/-/+/- or +/-/+/+/-, respectively , from the object side . the image side lens unit has a negative optical power and is movable , along with at least one other lens unit , in a zooming operation . the zoom lens system satisfies the following conditions : 0 . 6 & lt ; lbw / fw & lt ; 1 . 7 and 0 . 6 & lt ;| fn / fw |& lt ; 1 . 7 , where lbw represents a back focus length at the shortest focal length condition ; fw represents a focal length of the zoom lens system at the shortest focal length condition ; and fn represents a focal length of the image side lens unit . the lens system can be employed with a solid state imaging device , and an optical low - pass filter and an infrared blocking filter can be positioned between the lens system and the imaging unit . | 6 |
We present accretion disk structure measurements from continuum lags in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Reverberation Mapping (SDSS-RM) project. Lags are measured using the JAVELIN software from the first-year SDSS-RM g and i photometry, resulting in well-defined lags for 95 quasars, 33 of which have lag S/N > 2σ. We also estimate lags using the ICCF software and find consistent results, though with larger uncertainties. Accretion disk structure is fit using a Markov chain Monte Carlo approach, parameterizing the measured continuum lags as a function of disk size normalization, wavelength, black hole mass, and luminosity. In contrast with previous observations, our best-fit disk sizes and color profiles are consistent (within 1.5σ) with the Shakura & Sunyaev analytic solution. We also find that more massive quasars have larger accretion disks, similarly consistent with the analytic accretion disk model. The data are inconclusive on a correlation between disk size and continuum luminosity, with results that are consistent with both no correlation and the Shakura & Sunyaev expectation. The continuum lag fits have a large excess dispersion, indicating that our measured lag errors are underestimated and/or our best-fit model may be missing the effects of orientation, spin, and/or radiative efficiency. We demonstrate that fitting disk parameters using only the highest-S/N lag measurements biases best-fit disk sizes to be larger than the disk sizes recovered using a Bayesian approach on the full sample of well-defined lags. | 9 |
a radiation test system that couples with a radiation test field and a radiation controller . the radiation controller records the flow of radiation particles and the test results obtained from a test component . the radiation controller also controls a radiation particle accelerator so that the test component is irradiated with a cyclically varying radiation beam . the radiation test system further includes a daughter board , a motherboard , a power source , a near - end monitor and a far - end monitor . the near - end monitor is responsible for initiating a test program to test the test program , monitoring the test status and recording the test data . the far - end monitor remotely controls the near - end monitor to initiate an irradiation testing of the test component . the far - end monitor also receives test data submitted by the near - end monitor so that test results may be further analyzed . | 6 |
a system , method , and memory controller are provided that alters a memory command stream to a hardware memory . data is written to the hardware memory and , after the data is stored in the memory , error correction code is received from the memory . bit errors are identified based upon the error correction code that was received . the memory command stream is then altered based upon the number of bit errors that were identified . in one embodiment , altering the memory command stream includes adjusting a memory refresh rate , while in another embodiment , altering the memory command stream includes adjusting a memory usage delay . | 6 |
a one step method and apparatus for forming a pressure sensitive adhesive transdermal drug device having a scored release liner which comprises positioning a web containing the release liner using a cutting die having a first cutting element designed to completely cut through the web to form the device and a second cutting element designed to cut only the release liner . | 8 |
an errorless switching system is disclosed that is comprised of a fault detector , a synchronization system , and a switching system . the synchronization system aligns a first data signal and a second data signal . the fault detector detects errors in the data signals and instructs the switching system to transfer the first data signal or the second data signal to avoid transferring the erroneous data . no data is lost or duplicated because the data signals are aligned at the switching system . | 7 |
a high frequency connector having a main housing having an open mounting side , a cable side and a partition at the cable side defining two compartments where each compartment is in communication with the mounting side and the cable side ; a plurality of contacts , where a pair of contacts are positioned in the compartments such that the contacts are exposed from mating with a complementary electrical interface on the mating side and wires of a cable on the cable side ; and a rear cover that is fittable to the main housing on the cable side in order to close the open cable side and cover the exposed contacts therein where the cover further includes a second partition configured to mechanically and electrically engage the partition of the main housing where the two partitions are conductive and act as a shield between the two compartments . | 7 |
a draft chimney for a convention based apparatus . the draft chimney comprises a flue at least partially defining a path of convection airflow through at least a portion of the interior of a cabinet . the flue passes convection airflow to the exterior of the cabinet . | 0 |
a sensor signal from a sensor which measures vibration of an internal combustion engine is filtered by a filter to provide characteristic frequency components for a normal combustion . when the filter signal remains below a reference value , a fault signal is output to indicate a faulty combustion . the filter may be switchable band - pass filters whose output signals are measured for knocking of the motor or for normal combustion . a programmed control unit evaluates the output signals from the filter within a characteristic time segment . | 8 |
Full Changelog: https://github.com/califano-lab/vespa/commits/Publication | 9 |
a device is fabricated by a method in which a conductive layer or layer stack is formed over a compressible layer or layer stack , and contacted with an embossing tool . raised portions of the embossing tool compress the compressible layer or stack and countersink the conductive layer or stack into the compressible layer or stack . | 8 |
The interplay between cosmic gas accretion on to galaxies and galaxy mergers drives the observed morphological diversity of galaxies. By comparing the state-of-the-art hydrodynamical cosmological simulations HORIZON-AGN and HORIZON-NOAGN, we unambiguously identify the critical role of active galactic nuclei (AGN) in setting up the correct galaxy morphology for the massive end of the population. With AGN feedback, typical kinematic and morpho-metric properties of galaxy populations as well as the galaxy-halo mass relation are in much better agreement with observations. Only AGN feedback allows massive galaxies at the centre of groups and clusters to become ellipticals, while without AGN feedback those galaxies reform discs. It is the merger-enhanced AGN activity that is able to freeze the morphological type of the post-merger remnant by durably quenching its quiescent star formation. Hence morphology is shown to be driven not only by mass but also by the nature of cosmic accretion: at constant galaxy mass, ellipticals are galaxies that are mainly assembled through mergers, while discs are preferentially built from the in situ star formation fed by smooth cosmic gas infall. | 9 |
a method for manufacturing insulating structures in a semiconductor substrate includes forming a first insulating layer on the semiconductor substrate , forming a stop layer on the first insulating layer , and forming a barrier layer on the stop layer . the barrier layer is selective with respect to the stop layer . a screen layer is formed on the barrier layer . a portion of the screen layer is selectively removed for forming an opening therethrough for exposing a portion of the barrier layer . the exposed barrier layer is removed for exposing a portion of the stop layer . the exposed stop layer is removed for exposing a portion of the semiconductor substrate . the method further includes removing the remaining barrier layer , and removing a portion of the exposed semiconductor substrate for forming a trench therein . | 7 |
a lighting apparatus for a gunner &# 39 ; s quadrant including a housing and a flexible circuit board including lights . the lighting apparatus illuminates portions of the m1 a1 or m1 a2 gunner &# 39 ; s quadrant . the lighting apparatus may be removably attached to the gunner &# 39 ; s quadrant . the invention also includes a method of manufacturing a lighting apparatus for a gunner &# 39 ; s quadrant , including applying a flexible circuit board including lights to a housing . | 8 |
We explore a large uniformly selected sample of Hα selected star-forming galaxies (SFGs) at z = 0.40, 0.84, 1.47, 2.23 to unveil the evolution of the star formation rate (SFR) function and the stellar mass function. We find strong evolution in the SFR function, with the typical SFR of SFGs declining exponentially in the last 11 Gyr as SFR*(T[Gyr]) = 10<SUP>4.23/T + 0.37</SUP> M<SUB>⊙</SUB> yr<SUP>-1</SUP>, but with no evolution in the faint-end slope, α ≈ -1.6. The stellar mass function of SFGs, however, reveals little evolution: α ≈ -1.4, M* ∼ 10<SUP>11.2 ± 0.2</SUP> M<SUB>⊙</SUB> and just a slight increase of ∼2.3× in Φ* from z = 2.23 to z = 0.4. The stellar mass density within SFGs has been roughly constant since z = 2.23 at ∼10<SUP>7.65 ± 0.08</SUP> M<SUB>⊙</SUB> Mpc<SUP>-3</SUP>, comprising ≈100 per cent of the stellar mass density in all galaxies at z = 2.23, and declining to ≈20 per cent by z = 0.40, driven by the rise of the passive population. We find that SFGs with ∼10<SUP>10.0 ± 0.2</SUP> M<SUB>⊙</SUB> contribute most to the SFR density (ρ<SUB>SFR</SUB>) per d log<SUB>10</SUB>M, and that there is no significant evolution in the fractional contribution from SFGs of different masses to ρ<SUB>SFR</SUB> or ρ<SUB>SFR</SUB>(d log<SUB>10</SUB>M)<SUP>-1</SUP> since z = 2.23. Instead, we show that the decline of SFR* and of ρ<SUB>SFR</SUB> is primarily driven by an exponential decline in SFRs at all masses. Our results have important implications not only on how SFGs need to be quenched across cosmic time, but also on the driver(s) of the exponential decline in SFR* from ∼66 M<SUB>⊙</SUB> yr<SUP>-1</SUP> to 5 M<SUB>⊙</SUB> yr<SUP>-1</SUP> since z ∼ 2.23. | 9 |
a multi - port voip telecommunications system that allows the user to gain access to telephone connectivity through the internet by connecting directly to the internet or by connecting to the internet through the existing internet connection of a computer or cell phone device . the present system includes an ethernet port , a wi - fi receiver to facilitate the transmission and receipt of internet protocol signals wirelessly , and a usb plug connectable to the ata . | 7 |
a formation surrounding a borehole is traversed with a logging tool employing an acoustic transmitter and a pair of spaced - apart acoustic receivers . acoustic energy traveling through the formation from the transmitter to the receivers are detected . the energy of tube waves contained within the detected acoustic energy is measured . such measured tube wave energy is calibrated in response to measurements of tube wave energy ratio carried out in a zone of the formation having zero permeability . this calibrated tube wave energy is transformed into formation permeability in accordance with a measured relationship between permeability and tube wave energy ratio . | 6 |
improvements relating to wind turbine sensors a sensor apparatus for a wind turbine is described . the apparatus comprises a sensor and a heating system . the heating system comprises an optical fibre arranged to transmit electromagnetic radiation from a light source to the sensor . the sensor is irradiated by the electromagnetic radiation thereby heating the sensor and preventing or reducing ice accretion . | 8 |
this invention relates to compositions and methods of combining berberine , artemisinin and loperamide or their derivatives in a therapeutic product for mammals suffering from malaria , diarrhea , travelers &# 39 ; diarrhea , dysentery , dengue fever , parasites , cholera and viruses by administration of a therapeutically effective amount of the composition . | 0 |
a measuring device for measuring the angle of rotation of a machine shaft between a reference angular position of the shaft and the angular position at the instant of the occurring of a phenomenon caused by the operation of the machine . | 6 |
a shifting apparatus for controlling a change gear device winding or unwinding a cable . the shifting apparatus essentially includes a control member rotatable about a handlebar , a takeup drum for winding the cable thereon , a positioning mechanism for retains the takeup element in each angular position , and an indicator for indicating a speed stage of the change gear device . the indicator is formed separately from the control member and takeup drum , and has an axis different from a rotational axis of the control member . the indicator may be installed in any desired orientation determined freely without regard to orientations of the control member and takeup drum . the shifting apparatus , therefore , has the indicator which is small but easy to see . | 1 |
Recent ground-based deep observations of the Universe have discovered large populations of massive quiescent galaxies at $z∼3\!-\!5$ . With the launch of the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), the on-board Near-Infrared Spectrograph (NIRSpec) instrument will provide continuous $0.6\!-\!5.3 \unicode{x03BC} m$ spectroscopic coverage of these galaxies. Here we show that NIRSpec/CLEAR spectroscopy is ideal to probe the completeness of photometrically selected massive quiescent galaxies such as the ones presented by Schreiber et al. (2018b, A&A, 618, A85). Using a subset of the Schreiber et al. (2018b, A&A, 618, A85) sample with deep Keck/MOSFIRE spectroscopy presented by Esdaile J., et al. (2021b, ApJ, 908, L35), we perform a suite of mock JWST/NIRSpec observations to determine optimal observing strategies to efficiently recover the star formation histories (SFHs), element abundances, and kinematics of these massive quiescent galaxies. We find that at $z∼3$ , medium resolution G235M/FL170LP NIRSpec observations could recover element abundances at an accuracy of ${∼}15%$ , which is comparable to local globular clusters. Mimicking ZFOURGE COSMOS photometry, we perform mock spectrophotometric fitting with Prospector to show that the overall shape of the SFHs of our mock galaxies can be recovered well, albeit with a dependency on the number of non-parametric SFH bins. We show that deep high-resolution G235H/FL170LP integral field spectroscopy with a $S/N∼7$ per spaxel is required to constrain the rotational properties of our sample at $>\!2σ$ confidence. Thus, through optimal grism/filter choices, JWST/NIRSpec slit and integral field spectroscopy observations would provide tight constraints to galaxy evolution in the early Universe. | 9 |
Here, we report on joint X-ray and radio monitoring of the neutron star low-mass X-ray binary SAX J1810.8-2609. Our monitoring covered the entirety of its ${\sim }\, 5\,$ month outburst in 2021, revealing a temporal correlation between its radio and X-ray luminosity and X-ray spectral properties consistent with a 'hard-only' outburst. During the outburst, the best-fitting radio position shows significant variability, suggesting emission from multiple locations on the sky. Furthermore, our 2023 follow-up observations revealed a persistent, unresolved, steep spectrum radio source ${\sim }\, 2\,$ yr after SAX J1810.8-2609 returned to X-ray quiescence. We investigated potential origins of the persistent emission, which included an unrelated background source, long-lasting jet ejection(s), and SAX J1810 as a transitional millisecond pulsar. While the chance coincidence probability is low (${\lesssim }\, 0.16~{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$), an unrelated background source remains the most likely scenario. SAX J1810.8-2609 goes into outburst every ${\sim }\, 5\,$ yr, so monitoring of the source during its next outburst at higher sensitivities and improved spatial resolutions (e.g. with the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array or Square Kilometre Array) should be able to identify two components (if the persistent emission originates from a background source). If only one source is observed, this would be strong evidence that the persistent emission is local SAX J1810.8-2609, and future monitoring campaigns should focus on understanding the underlying physical mechanisms, as no neutron star X-ray binary has shown a persistent radio signal absent any simultaneous X-ray emission. | 9 |
We present an optical spectroscopic study of the black hole X-ray transient V4641 Sgr (=SAX J1819.3-2525) covering the 1999, 2002, and 2004 outbursts. The spectra were taken over 22 different epochs during the low-luminosity phases that follow the sharp and bright outburst peaks displayed by the system. The data reveal the frequent presence of wind-related features in H (Balmer) and He I emission lines in the form of P-Cygni profiles and strong emission lines with broad wings. The terminal velocity of the wind, as measured in the blue-shifted absorption (P-Cygni) components, is in the range of ∼ 900-1600 km s<SUP>-1</SUP> , while the broad emission line wings (so-called nebular phases) imply outflow velocities of up to ∼3000 km s<SUP>-1</SUP> . We show that, at least for several of the wind detections, the radio jet was active and the system was likely in the hard state. This, together with previous detections reported in the literature, shows that V4641 Sgr is the second source of this class, after V404 Cyg, where the presence of these cold wind outflows has been clearly established. We discuss the similar phenomenology observed in both systems as well as the possible nature of the outflow and its impact on the accretion process. | 9 |
a data communications device that can operate in accordance with two or more protocols having different data formats and error - protection schemes . the protocol - dependent aspects of the device are handled by a peripheral portion of the device , allowing a substantially protocol - independent core portion that is insulated from protocol changes . translation and / or adaptation mechanisms in the peripheral portion of the device allow the device to handle changes in data format and / or pipeline changes such as error protection without affecting the core portion of the device . a device and method are provided for inter - operating with both the spatial reuse protocol and the resilient packet ring architectures . | 7 |
The acquisition of late-time imaging is an important step in the analysis of pre-explosion observations of the progenitors of supernovae. We present late-time Hubble Space Telescope Advanced Camera for Surveys Wide-Field Channel observations of the sites of five Type IIP SNe: 1999ev, 2003gd, 2004A, 2005cs and 2006my. Observations were conducted using the F435W, F555W and F814W filters. We confirm the progenitor identifications for SNe 2003gd, 2004A and 2005cs, through their disappearance. We find that a source previously excluded as being the progenitor of SN 2006my has now disappeared. The late-time observations of the site of SN 1999ev cast significant doubt over the nature of the source previously identified as the progenitor in pre-explosion Wide Field Planetary Camera 2 images. The use of image subtraction techniques yields improved precision over photometry conducted on just the pre-explosion images alone. In particular, we note the increased depth of detection limits derived on pre-explosion frames in conjunction with late-time images. We use spectral energy distribution fitting techniques to explore the effect of different reddening components towards the progenitors. For SNe 2003gd and 2005cs, the pre-explosion observations are sufficiently constraining that only limited amounts of dust (either interstellar or circumstellar) are permitted. Assuming only a Galactic reddening law, we determine the initial masses for the progenitors of SNe 2003gd, 2004A, 2005cs and 2006my of 8.4 ± 2.0, 12.0 ± 2.1, 9.5^{+3.4}_{-2.2} and 9.8 ± 1.7 M<SUB>⊙</SUB>, respectively. | 9 |
a logic interface signal input with a high degree of electrical noise immunity , particularly suited for use in an automative environment for detecting an on / off control signal multiplexed with an information signal such as a voice audio signal . the invention provides a fast logic output signal in response to the level of the control signal , which is suitable for driving higher speed circuitry and which permits detection to be highly immune from electrical transients or variations in power supply voltage . the invention permits the information signal to be combined with the control signal through polarized means , such as an electrolytic capacitor . | 7 |
a commercial off - the - shelf smartphone is adapted , through software modifications only , to provide multiple operating domains or domains that provide differing levels of security and reliability . each operating domain is isolated from the others . detection of unauthorized modification is provided . cross domain activity notification is provided . | 6 |
the invention is a ball valve for controlling the flow of fluids between one of two inlets and an outlet . the two inlets are substantially coaxially located , permitting a single inlet point in a fuel supply vessel , yet still allowing two pickup points from within the vessel , such as for a “ main ” and a “ reserve ” source . the invention has a particular utility in fuel tanks for providing both a “ main ” and a “ reserve ” fuel source , such as for internal combustion engines . | 8 |
Subhalo abundance matching (SHAM) is a widely used method to connect galaxies with dark matter structures in numerical simulations. SHAM predictions agree remarkably well with observations, yet they still lack strong theoretical support. We examine the performance, implementation, and assumptions of SHAM using the `Evolution and Assembly of Galaxies and their Environment' (EAGLE) project simulations. We find that V<SUB>relax</SUB>, the highest value of the circular velocity attained by a subhalo while it satisfies a relaxation criterion, is the subhalo property that correlates most strongly with galaxy stellar mass (M<SUB>star</SUB>). Using this parameter in SHAM, we retrieve the real-space clustering of EAGLE to within our statistical uncertainties on scales greater than 2 Mpc for galaxies with 8.77 < log <SUB>10</SUB>(M<SUB>star</SUB>[M<SUB>⊙</SUB>]) < 10.77. Conversely, clustering is overestimated by 30 per cent on scales below 2 Mpc for galaxies with 8.77 < log <SUB>10</SUB>(M<SUB>star</SUB>[M<SUB>⊙</SUB>]) < 9.77 because SHAM slightly overpredicts the fraction of satellites in massive haloes compared to EAGLE. The agreement is even better in redshift space, where the clustering is recovered to within our statistical uncertainties for all masses and separations. Additionally, we analyse the dependence of galaxy clustering on properties other than halo mass, I.e. the assembly bias. We demonstrate assembly bias alters the clustering in EAGLE by 20 per cent and V<SUB>relax</SUB> captures its effect to within 15 per cent. We trace small differences in the clustering to the failure of SHAM as typically implemented, I.e. the M<SUB>star</SUB> assigned to a subhalo does not depend on (I) its host halo mass, (II) whether it is a central or a satellite. In EAGLE, we find that these assumptions are not completely satisfied. | 9 |
a deaerator shaft may have a tubular intake segment that forms an intake end of the deaerator shaft , a tubular sleeve attachment segment that is adjacent to the intake segment , a tubular central segment that is adjacent to the sleeve attachment segment , the central segment having a third diameter that is greater than the second diameter , the central segment comprising a protruding ring that radially extends from the central segment and divides the central segment , the protruding ring having opposing flat surfaces , and a tubular discharge segment that forms a discharge end of the deaerator shaft . a gear may have a central ring positioned along an axis , opposing tabs that extend from a first axial side of the central ring , and a shouldered ring that extends from a second axial side of the central ring , the shouldered ring having a lip that extends radially inward toward the axis . | 5 |
an organizer chest with a plurality of rows of compartments for convenient use by a workman to hold tools and a wide variety of separate items ; the chest is composed of a plurality of externally accessible rows of compartments peripherally arranged about the chest with separate compartment cover panels covering the various rows of compartments and wherein the chest includes guide tracks along the edges of each compartment at the chest surface to accommodate sliding movement of the cover panels to selectively open and close the compartments . | 1 |
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