text
stringlengths 12
51.9k
| label
int64 0
9
|
|---|---|
Recent versions of the observed cosmic star formation history (SFH) have resolved an inconsistency with the stellar mass density history. We show that the revised SFH also scales up the delay-time distribution (DTD) of Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia), as determined from the observed volumetric SN Ia rate history, aligning it with other field-galaxy SN Ia DTD measurements. The revised-SFH-based DTD has a {t}<SUP>-1.1+/- 0.1</SUP> form and a Hubble-time-integrated production efficiency of N/{M}<SUB>\star </SUB>=1.3+/- 0.1 SNe Ia per 1000 {M}<SUB>⊙ </SUB> of formed stellar mass. Using these revised histories and updated empirical iron yields of the various SN types, we re-derive the cosmic iron accumulation history. Core-collapse SNe and SNe Ia have contributed about equally to the total mass of iron in the universe today. We find the track of the average cosmic gas element in the [α/Fe] versus [Fe/H] abundance-ratio plane. The track is broadly similar to the observed main locus of Galactic stars in this plane, indicating a Milky Way (MW) SFH similar in form to the cosmic one. We easily find a simple MW SFH that makes the track closely match this stellar locus. Galaxy clusters appear to have a higher-normalization DTD. This cluster DTD, combined with a short-burst MW SFH peaked at z = 3, produces a track that matches remarkably well the observed “high-α” locus of MW stars, suggesting the halo/thick-disk population has had a galaxy-cluster-like formation mode. Thus, a simple two-component SFH, combined with empirical DTDs and SN iron yields, suffices to closely reproduce the MW’s stellar abundance patterns. | 9 |
an embodiment of a communication system is provided , in which a high frequency oscillator generates a first high frequency signal upon receipt of no disable signal . the first high frequency signal is commonly shared by at least two modules . each module coupled to the high frequency oscillator operates in either busy or idle mode , wherein the module operates at the first high frequency signal when in busy mode , and asserts a request signal when in idle mode . a disablement unit , coupled to the first and second modules , asserts the disable signal to the high frequency oscillator when all of the request signals are asserted , thereby forcing the high frequency oscillator to cease the generation of the first high frequency signal . | 8 |
a static capacitance type yarn denier sensing arrangement is provided which includes a high frequency current source and a sensing condenser which has a pair of opposing electrodes electrically coupled with both sides of the h . f . current source and representing a passage for passing a yarn under measurement . the high frequency current from said current source is subject to amplitude modulation in response to instant denier variation of the yarn . the arrangement further includes a half wave voltage doubler rectifier circuit which is electrically connected with the sensing condenser acting as an input condenser to be included therein and an amplifier adapted for amplifying the output from the rectifier circuit . | 6 |
a method and devices are disclosed for conveying information related to fast power control between a mobile sation and a radio access network in a cellular radio system . frames of payload information are transmitted during certain first period of an active circuit - switched communication connection , said first period corresponding to a period where payload information exists for transmission . information related to fast power control is inserted into the frames of payload information transmitted during said first period of an active circuit - switched communication connection . the transmission of frames of payload information is temporarily discontinued for the duration of a certain second period of an active circuit - switched communication connection , said second period corresponding to a period where payload information temporarily does not exist for transmission . updating messages are transmitted according to a certain timetable during said second period . information related to fast power control is insrted into the updating messages transmitted during said second period of an active circuit - switched communication connection . | 7 |
methods and apparatus , including computer program products , for radio frequency identification label time synchronization . a method includes , in a radio frequency identification interrogator having an antenna , transceiver , a clock , a memory and a central processing unit , initializing a rfid tag with a label start time and a time to record data , the label start time representing an actual start time indicated by the clock , receiving a label stop time , a label time and logged data from an interrogation of the rfid tag , and compensating the label time for a drift between the label stop time and an actual stop time . | 7 |
A powerful outburst of X-ray radiation from the supermassive black hole Sgr A* at the centre of the Milky Way is believed to be responsible for the illumination of molecular clouds in the central ∼100 pc of the Galaxy (Sunyaev, Markevitch & Pavlinsky; Koyama et al.). The reflected/reprocessed radiation comes to us with a delay corresponding to the light propagation time that depends on the 3D position of molecular clouds with respect to Sgr A*. We suggest a novel way of determining the age of the outburst and positions of the clouds by studying characteristic imprints left by the outburst in the spatial and time variations of the reflected emission. We estimated the age of the outburst that illuminates the Sgr A molecular complex to be ∼110 yr. This estimate implies that we see the gas located ∼10 pc further away from us than Sgr A*. If the Sgr B2 complex is also illuminated by the same outburst, then it is located ∼130 pc closer than our Galactic Center. The outburst was short (less than a few years) and the total amount of emitted energy in X-rays is ∼10^{48}ρ _3^{-1} erg, where ρ<SUB>3</SUB> is the mean hydrogen density of the cloud complex in units of 10<SUP>3</SUP> cm<SUP>-3</SUP>. Energetically, such fluence can be provided by a partial tidal disruption event or even by a capture of a planet. Further progress in more accurate positioning and timing of the outburst should be possible with future X-ray polarimetric observations and long-term systematic observations with Chandra and XMM-Newton. A few hundred years long X-ray observations would provide a detailed 3D map of the gas density distribution in the central ∼100 pc region. | 9 |
this invention is directed to the production of laminated , transparent , polarizing glass articles . the inventive method contemplates five basic steps : forming parallel microgrooves on a surface of a glass support ; washing and drying said surface ; depositing on said surface a mixture of organic colorants corresponding to the three primary colors and exhibiting a nematic state to yield a coating displaying polarizing properties ; treating the polarizing coating with an aqueous solution of inorganic salts having an acid ph ; and applying a continuous , optically transparent , composite film upon the polarizing coating and bonding it thereto . | 8 |
We present the results of ALMA band 7 observations of dust and CO gas in the disks around 7 objects with spectral types ranging between M5.5 and M7.5 in Upper Scorpius OB1, and one M3 star in Ophiuchus. We detect unresolved continuum emission in all but one source, and the <SUP>12</SUP>CO J = 3 - 2 line in two sources. We constrain the dust and gas content of these systems using a grid of models calculated with the radiative transfer code MCFOST, and find disk dust masses between 0.1 and 1 M<SUB>⊕</SUB>, suggesting that the stellar mass/disk mass correlation can be extrapolated for brown dwarfs (BDs) with masses as low as 0.05 M<SUB>⊙</SUB>. The one disk in Upper Sco in which we detect CO emission, 2MASS J15555600, is also the disk with the warmest inner disk, as traced by its H-[4.5] photometric color. Using our radiative transfer grid, we extend the correlation between stellar luminosity and mass-averaged disk dust temperature, originally derived for stellar mass objects, to the BD regime to < {T}<SUB>{dust</SUB>}> ≈ 22{({L}<SUB>*</SUB>/{L}<SUB>⊙ </SUB>)}<SUP>0.16</SUP> {{K}}, applicable to spectral types of M5 and later. This is slightly shallower than the relation for earlier spectral type objects and yields warmer low-mass disks. The two prescriptions cross at 0.27 L<SUB>⊙</SUB>, corresponding to masses between 0.1 and 0.2 M<SUB>⊙</SUB> depending on age. | 9 |
a device for exciting a corrugated ultra - high frequency source of revolution operating in two remote frequency bands , decoupled mechanically from the source . the device includes two excitation devices corresponding to the two operating bands , placed perpendicularly to each other , at respective distances from the mouth of the source such that the waves which they emit remain canalized in the rayleigh zone of each device and provide optimum coupling between these device and the source . | 7 |
the present invention relates to swimming pools and other pools of standing water , and in particular to a dispensing unit that distributes a desired chemical solution that maintains the desired water chemistry of the pool or spa , the chemical solution being color coded with a water soluble colorant or dye which serves as an indicia to the pool or spa owner of the depletion of the chemical solution from the dispensing unit and the need for replacement . | 1 |
a method of error processing is disclosed in which the first erroneous lineetected in a facsimile transmission is decoded , and printed in the normal manner , up to the point in the line where an error is detected . an erroneous portion of the line is then defined to be the point in the line from which the error is detected as well as four color changes to the left . this erroneous portion is replaced by the corresponding picture elements in the immediately preceding line . the resulting &# 34 ; corrected &# 34 ; line is then used as a new &# 34 ; previous line &# 34 ; and the process is repeated with the erroneous portion of each subsequent line being replaced with white until a full line is properly decoded . | 7 |
an apparatus and process for removing acidic gases and nox from flue gases produced by utility and industrial plants . the process and apparatus convert nox , and particularly nitric oxide , to nitrogen dioxide , which is then reacted to form a valuable byproduct . the process generally entails contacting a flue gas with a scrubbing medium to absorb acidic gases from flue gas and produce an intermediate flue gas . the intermediate flue gas is then cooled to cause nitric oxide present therein to be oxidized to form nitrogen dioxide , which is then absorbed from the flue gases to produce a nitrogen dioxide - containing solution and a scrubbed flue gas . the nitrogen dioxide in the nitrogen dioxide - containing solution is then reacted with ammonium hydroxide to form ammonium nitrate as a valuable byproduct . | 1 |
We present our latest results on the connection between accretion rate and relativistic jet power in active galactic nuclei (AGN), by using a large sample which includes mostly blazars, but contains also some radio galaxies. The jet power can be traced by γ-ray luminosity in the case of blazars, and radio luminosity for both classes. The accretion-disc luminosity is instead traced by the broad emission lines. Among blazars, we find a correlation between broad line emission and the γ-ray or radio luminosities, suggesting a direct tight connection between jet power and accretion rate. We confirm that the observational differences between blazar subclasses reflect differences in the accretion regime, but with blazars only we cannot properly access the low-accretion regime. By introducing radio galaxies, we succeed in observing the fingerprint of the transition between radiatively efficient and inefficient accretion discs in the jetted AGN family. The transition occurs at the standard critical value L<SUB>d</SUB>/L<SUB>Edd</SUB> ∼ 10<SUP>-2</SUP> and it appears smooth. Below this value, the ionizing luminosity emitted by the accretion structure drops significantly. | 9 |
a clamp assembly for installation at any position along the length of a slot defined by surfaces of a host structure or other structure . the clamp assembly either can receive a mounting rod for supporting objects or can itself include a mounting rod for supporting objects . in one embodiment the clamp assembly includes a two - piece clamp body composed of a pair of opposing substantially mirror - image jaws each having an inner surface with an arcuate channel and a tooth juxtaposing the arcuate channel . the arcuate channels cooperate to accept and frictionally engage a mounting rod to be affixed to the host structure , and the teeth are for entering into a slot defined by surfaces of the host structure . a tightening member is provided for forcing the jaws together . in an alternate embodiment the clamp assembly includes a one - piece clamp body and a mounting rod . the one - piece clamp body includes engagement tabs for entering into a slot defined by surfaces of the host structure and a threaded hole for receiving a threaded end of the mounting rod , which serves as a tightening member . | 8 |
a universal drain tool for use with shower and sink drains is provided . a representative drain tool includes a head containing a shaped aperture configured to engage the lock nuts of common shower and sink drains . the tool includes a handle attached to a head part . the handle allows the user to rotate the head part when the head part is engaged with the shower or sink drain . the head part can include an edge piece configured to insert into the internal lock nut slots of commonly available drop - in shower drains . | 1 |
the present invention relates to a support base for light - sensitive photographic elements . in particular , the present invention relates to a support base comprising a support having coated thereon at least two antihalation layers overcoated by a protective layer . the support base for light - sensitive photographic elements of the present invention presents an improved coating quality with a reduced formation of mottle , defined as an irregularly patterned defect due to the tendency of the coated layers to reproduce any deformation present on the support . | 6 |
methods and systems for residue number system based alus , processors , and other hardware provide the full range of arithmetic operations while taking advantage of the benefits of the residue numbers in certain operations . | 7 |
a band saw , a band saw assembly , and a method of spatially positioning a band saw blade are suggested . the band saw comprises a band saw blade against which a sawing material is adapted to be guided in a feed direction . a guide for the band saw blade has at least one magnet exerting a force on the band saw blade determining the spatial position thereof . the at least one magnet is adjustable in its force effect and the force is directed transversely to the feed direction . the guide , as viewed in the feed direction of the sawing material , has a front magnet and a rear magnet , the magnets facing a front area and a rear area , respectively , of the band saw blade . a method of spatially positioning a band saw blade is executed while a sawing material is guided against the band saw blade in a feed direction . a magnet force is exerted on the band saw blade . the magnet force , and thereby the position of the band saw blade is adjusted transversely to the feed direction . the magnet force , as viewed in the feed direction of the sawing material , is exerted on a front area and on a rear area of the band saw blade . | 8 |
a device including : a command - generator outputting a drive command signal to a drive unit ; a detector outputting a position - detection signal of the drive unit ; a drive - current detector outputting a drive - current detection value ; a controller receiving the drive command and position - detection signals to generate a drive - force command signal , and supplying the drive current according to the drive - force command signal and the drive - current detection value ; a friction - characteristics - estimator receiving a drive force signal and the position - detection signal to output a friction - characteristics estimate value ; a temperature - information acquirer outputting a temperature information value ; a friction modeling unit having a set reference friction model having temperature - dependent characteristics , and outputting reference friction characteristics based on the temperature information value ; and a friction - variation analyzer outputting a friction variation value based on variation of the friction - characteristics estimate value from the reference friction characteristics . | 7 |
a flexible display element capable of being rolled up and unfurled , comprises a back plate covering a back side of the display element , wherein the back plate comes into contact with the back side of the display element when the display element is rolled up , and at least a central portion of the back plate is separated from the display element to support the display element in a flat shape when the display element is unfurled . thus , the display element and the back plate can be rolled up and carried with a simple configuration of the display element and the back plate , and the display element can be supported in a flat shape when unfurled . therefore , it is possible to provide a flexible display element having high portability , ease of rolling , and retention of flatness during periods of use . | 6 |
the present invention is directed to a secondary communication server 216 for assuming control of a communication formerly controlled by a primary communication server 212 in the event of a failure , comprising : an input operable to receive , from a first communication node 204 a , first communication information , wherein the first communication information is associated with the communication and comprises a first node identifier 236 a and / or a communication identifier 240 a , the first node identifier 236 a is associated with a second communication node 204 b , the communication identifier is associated with the communication , and the second communication node 204 b comprises second communication information associated with the communication and thereafter receive , from the second communication node 204 b , the second communication information ; and a reconstruction agent 228 operable to identify the second communication information based on the first node identifier 236 a and / or communication identifier 240 a . | 7 |
the invention relates to compounds of formula wherein r 1 , r 2 , r 3 , r 4 , x , ar , and are defined herein or to a pharmaceutically suitable acid addition salt thereof . compounds of formula i have a good affinity to the trace amine associated receptors , especially for taar1 . the compounds can be used for the treatment of depression , anxiety disorders , bipolar disorder , attention deficit hyperactivity disorder , stress - related disorders , psychotic disorders such as schizophrenia , neurological diseases such as parkinson &# 39 ; s disease , neurodegenerative disorders such as alzheimer &# 39 ; s disease , epilepsy , migraine , hypertension , substance abuse and metabolic disorders such as eating disorders , diabetes , diabetic complications , obesity , dyslipidemia , disorders of energy consumption and assimilation , disorders and malfunction of body temperature homeostasis , disorders of sleep and circadian rhythm and cardiovascular disorders . | 2 |
an electronic recording and display apparatus for performing the function of a chart recorder comprises a solid state display device controlled from a memory by a display controller . the memory receives signals in the form of 8 - bit binary number digitized by a signal digitizer from an analogue input signal . the display device graphically displays a set of the signals stored in the memory and this can be &# 34 ; scrolled &# 34 ; through all the information stored in the memory in a manner similar to a chart recorder . | 6 |
the invention pertains to optical fiber transmission networks , and is particularly relevant to transmission of high volume of data and voice traffic among different locations . in particular , the improvement teaches improvements to an optical transport system to allow for efficient and flexible network evolution . | 7 |
in a method for determining the influence of a test substance on the heart activity of a vertebrate the following steps are performed : a ) preparation of a culture of spontaneously active heart cells of the vertebrate , b ) extracellular measurement of electrophysiological data of the heart cells from step a ), c ) addition of the test substance to the culture from step a ), d ) repetition of the measurement from step b ), and e ) comparison of data from step b ) and step d ) | 2 |
the present invention provides the use of an alginate io inhibit pancreatic lipase . the use may be directed to the control of weight in animals including human beings . preferably the fraction of guluronate dimers in the alginate is at least 0 . 5 . | 0 |
Mercury, a planet with a lithosphere that forms a single tectonic plate, is replete with tectonic structures interpreted to be the result of planetary cooling and contraction. However, the amount of global contraction inferred from spacecraft images has been far lower than that predicted by models of the thermal evolution of the planet's interior. Here we present a synthesis of the global contraction of Mercury from orbital observations acquired by the MESSENGER spacecraft. We show that Mercury's global contraction has been accommodated by a substantially greater number and variety of structures than previously recognized, including long belts of ridges and scarps where the crust has been folded and faulted. The tectonic features on Mercury are consistent with models for large-scale deformation proposed for a globally contracting Earth--now obsolete--that pre-date plate tectonics theory. We find that Mercury has contracted radially by as much as 7 km, well in excess of the 0.8-3 km previously reported from photogeology and resolving the discrepancy with thermal models. Our findings provide a key constraint for studies of Mercury's thermal history, bulk silicate abundances of heat-producing elements, mantle convection and the structure of its large metallic core. | 9 |
an electrostatic powder spray gun comprises a powder cup and is constructed such that the powder cup comprises a removable cover which is secured to the pistol tube of the gun in an easily - detachable manner , whereby a conveying tube and an air tube extend through the cover and are held thereat . the air tube projects beyond the cover and , given the cover secured to the pistol tube , projects into a spring - loaded discharge valve of the compressed air feed line and thereby holds the same in the open position against spring pressure . given the cover secured to the pistol tube , the orifice of a powder channel extending in the pistol tube is constructed as a connection for a powder feed line leading from a remote powder preparation system . | 1 |
an inter - labial pad which can flexibly follow - up the fluctuation of pressure exerted on an inter - labial pad in the right - to - left direction caused to the inter - labial pad in a wearing state , in which an inter - labial pad is inserted between the labia of a wearer to be sandwiched by the labia , and the inter - labial pad comprises an absorbent body , the absorbent body is constituted with fibers capable of absorbing a menstrual blood , the direction of the fibers thereof is aligned in the direction along which an inter - labial pressure is caused in a wearing state and , accordingly , the inter - labial pad can be flexibly compressed and recovered , and can follow - up the inter - labial pressure in a wearing state to prevent leakage of menstrual blood or detachment of the inter - labial pad . | 0 |
an electronic relay control circuit is provided for liquid cooled electric power transformers . the control circuit senses the rate of change of internal tank pressure and operates its relays in response to a sudden pressure increase . relay control connections are provided for operating transformer trip and annunciator circuits . the relay response is field adjustable . | 8 |
oxymethylene polymers are prepared by the continuous polymerization of trioxane using as a catalyst a blend of boron trifluoride gas and nitrogen gas . oxymethylene polymers are used in the manufacture of plumbing fixtures , pipes , automobile body parts and a variety of other articles . | 2 |
a seismic survey system having remote acquisition modules for acquiring seismic signals and communicating with a central recording system via a network of cables , other rams , and line tap units , arranged in a matrix of receiver lines and base lines . each ram cyclically converts analog signal values to digital , forming data packets . interrogation commands emanating from the cru and relayed with strategic delays by intervening ltus and rams are received by the ram . each command causes the ram to transmit a data packet . strategic delays are set such that the transmission capacity of the line is best utilized . power and frequency of transmission are selectable by the cru to optimize performance . cables contain multiple communication pairs . the network path between the ram and the cru is established from the cru and altered in event of malfunction . all types of network elements are interconnectable . recorded samples are synchronous . | 6 |
a channel structure for assembly into a suspended ceiling or the like and which is arranged to maintain the structural integrity of the ceiling during exposure to the heat of a fire . the channel structure includes an end splice arrangement having elements which develop a telescoping relationship between joined channels and thereby avoid buckling during thermally induced axial expansion of the channels . | 4 |
a truck cab suspension system provides improved durability of the truck cab structure by reducing twisting forces applied to the cab frame from the suspension system . the suspension system provides support to the rear sill of the truck by positioning two air springs on either side of the vehicle center line under the sill and two shock absorbers aligned along the vehicle center line between the air springs . the forces applied to the cab frame rear sill balance one another avoiding twisting . | 1 |
the invention relates to a trochanter stabilizing device , especially for fixing bone fragments in the region of the hip joint or for fixing the greater trochanter , including a ) bone stabilizing means consisting of a central plate with at least one fixing perforation for receiving a bone fixing means ; b ) a longitude bone plate with a bushing arranged at an angle for receiving a fixing element which can be introduced into the region of the hip joint fixed thereto , whereby c ) at least three peripheral arms originate from the central plate , whereby d ) each peripheral arm is provided with at least one hole for receiving a bone fixing means . | 0 |
Context. Andesitic meteorites are among the oldest achondrites known to date. They record volcanic events and crust formation episodes in primordial planetesimals that took place about 4.565 Myr ago. However, no analogue for these meteorites has been found in the asteroid population to date. <BR /> Aims: We searched for spectroscopic analogues of the andesitic meteorite Erg Chech 002 in the asteroid population using the Gaia DR3 spectral dataset. <BR /> Methods: In order to identify which asteroids have the most similar spectrum to Erg Chech 002, we first determined the spectral parameters of Gaia DR3 asteroids (spectral slope and Band I depth) and compared them to the spectral parameters of different samples of the meteorite. In addition, we performed a spectral curve matching between Erg Chech 002 and Gaia DR3 asteroid data, and we compared the results of both methods. <BR /> Results: We found that 51 main-belt asteroids have a visible spectrum similar to the one of Erg Chech 002, and 91 have a spectrum similar to the space-weathered spectra of the meteorite, corresponding to 0.08% and 0.15% of the whole Gaia DR3 dataset of asteroids with spectra, respectively. The asteroids that best match the laboratory samples of the meteorite are mostly located in the inner main belt, while the objects matching the space-weathered meteorite models show slightly more scattering across the belt. <BR /> Conclusions: Despite the fact that we find asteroids that potentially match Erg Chech 002, these asteroids are extremely rare. Moreover, a visible spectrum alone is not completely diagnostic of an Erg Chech 002-like composition. Near-infrared spectra will be important to confirm (or rule out) the spectral matches between Erg Chech 002 and the candidate asteroid population. | 9 |
Since the discovery of the first transiting hot Jupiters, models have sought to explain the anomalously large radii of highly irradiated gas giants. We now know that the size of hot Jupiter radius anomalies scales strongly with a planet's level of irradiation and numerous models like tidal heating, ohmic dissipation, and thermal tides have since been developed to help explain these inflated radii. In general, however, these models can be grouped into two broad categories: models that directly inflate planetary radii by depositing a fraction of the incident irradiation into the interior and models that simply slow a planet's radiative cooling, allowing it to retain more heat from formation and thereby delay contraction. Here we present a new test to distinguish between these two classes of models. Gas giants orbiting at moderate orbital periods around post-main-sequence stars will experience enormous increases to their irradiation as their host stars move up the sub-giant and red-giant branches. If hot Jupiter inflation works by depositing irradiation into the planet's deep interiors then planetary radii should increase in response to the increased irradiation. This means that otherwise non-inflated gas giants at moderate orbital periods of >10 days can re-inflate as their host stars evolve. Here we explore the circumstances that can lead to the creation of these “re-inflated” gas giants and examine how the existence or absence of such planets can be used to place unique constraints on the physics of the hot Jupiter inflation mechanism. Finally, we explore the prospects for detecting this potentially important undiscovered population of planets. | 9 |
the bottle warming device of the present invention includes a housing , a heating element disposed in the housing , and a basket receivable in the housing . the basket is movable between a first position in which a bottom of the basket is positioned a first distance from a top of the housing , and a second position in which the bottom of the basket is positioned a second distance from the top of the housing , the first distance being greater than the second distance . | 0 |
a printed circuit board assembly having a plurality of circuit layers including outer layers and intervening layers with through - vias and micro - vias used to translate a portion of the signal connections of the grid , thereby creating a set of diagonal routing channels between the vias on internal layers of the board and a bga package mounted on the printed circuit board . | 7 |
a method and apparatus are disclosed that calculate an area - of - interest based on a user request for location specific data . the operations may include transmitting initial location data of the mobile terminal and user initiated gesture data to a server . the server may then perform initiating a request to receive the requested location data , and calculating a geographical area - of - interest based on the initial location data and the user initiated gesture data . the location specific data related to the area - of - interest may then be retrieved and transmitted to the mobile terminal . the area - of - interest may be defined based on the initial position of the mobile terminal and information provided by a gesture made by the user of the mobile terminal . | 7 |
a method of formatting data for transmission to another party including the step of incorporating in the data a flag indicative of the absence of data for authentication of the sender . an authentication tag length is also included to permit variable length tags to be used . | 7 |
a portable , compact test set for multi - pair cables having connectors , where the connectors are mated to adapters in the test set and pulses are generated which sequentially test each pair for open and short conditions , using transistor to transistor logic which provides a visual indication of the pair , the wire and the defect detected . | 6 |
the design of a video processing core designed for processing video signals of a specific video format requires a high expense . it is therefore desirable to be able to use such a video processing core for other video formats as well . the invention therefore provides the method for video signal processing , wherein the following steps are performed : receiving an input video signal having a first or input format , processing said input video signal or a modified video signal , which is a derivative of said input video signal , using a video signal processing method , which is designed for processing video signals of a fixed second or processing format thus generating a processed video signal , outputting said processed video signal or a derivative thereof as an output video signal , wherein said modified video signal is derived from said input video signal by adding or removing pixels to / from said input video signal , thereby obtaining said modified video signal with an intermediate format , if said first or input format is not conform to said fixed or processing second format , wherein said output video signal is derived from said processed video signal by accordingly removing or adding pixels from / to said processed video signal thereby obtaining an output video signal of said first format , if said first or input format is not conform to said second or processing format . | 7 |
multiwavelength laser sources that are precisely aligned relative to each other and suitable , for instance , for multistation , multicolor ros . the device is made by growing on a semiconductor substrate a set of epitaxial layers in a laterally injecting laser configuration with progressively narrower bandgap quantum well active regions towards the surface of the crystal . selective etching can then be used to remove all quantum wells with emissions shorter than the ultimately desired wavelength in a given cavity . this approach can be applied to three different types of laser structures ; conventional edge emitting lasers , grating surface emitting lasers , and vertical surface emitting lasers . also described is a vertical cavity , surface - emitting laser with lateral injection employing a reflector structure comprised of a iii - v semiconductor layer beneath the active region , and a reflecting mirror above the active region . | 7 |
a system and method for voice controlled message retrieval . each message stored in a voice mail system has an associated header and return address . the system generates and stores a speech recognition template from each unique header . when a subscriber wishes to retrieve a message , the subscriber speaks the header . the subscriber &# 39 ; s speech is then compared with the speech recognition templates stored in the system . if a matching template is found , the system plays the message associated with the header from which the template was generated . additionally , the subscriber can tag certain callers and cause the system to apply special treatment to messages from tagged callers . moreover , the subscriber can reply to a caller calling from outside the system . | 7 |
process and apparatus for forming cigarette packs having rounded or beveled longitudinal edges includes forming the contoured edges on a flat blank at a shaping station as a preliminary shaping step . the shaping station includes a shaping mandrel or plate having rounded or beveled edges and shaping rollers or strips for wrapping the blank about the plate to produce the desired longitudinal edges contours . | 1 |
production of plasterboard includes spreading of a mixture formed of gyps fibers and water onto a continuously moving belt to form a spread layer subsequently precompressed to 110 % to 180 % of a final board thickness and successively wetted from both sides and thereafter compressing the wetted layer to the final board thickness . | 1 |
a registration target for printing on a web or sheet includes a pair of juxtaposed orthogonal arms , at least one of which extends lengthwise along the web . one or more tabs projects perpendicularly from each arm but only at one edge thereof . the widths of the arms and tabs substantially correspond to the stroke width of the lines and characters being printed on the web and the length of each tab is a multiple of that stroke width . by observing the orientations of the tabs and the amounts by which they project beyond one another of the targets printed by a series of print cylinders in a press , one can immediately discern the directions and amounts in terms of stroke width of any registration errors . | 1 |
a fuel cell system includes a fuel cell stack that receives a cathode feed gas and has an exhaust stream and a heat transfer stream flowing therefrom . a charge - air heat exchanger enables heat transfer between the heat transfer stream and the cathode feed gas . the charge - air heat exchanger also enables heat transfer between the heat transfer stream and the cathode feed gas to compensate for the adiabatic cooling effect . furthermore , the charge - air heat exchanger vaporizes the liquid water to provide water vapor . the water vapor humidifies the cathode feed gas . | 7 |
a rectifier assembly includes first and second housings surrounding a pair of electrical rings . each of the electrical rings communicates with a pin . bolts secure a spring to hold diodes against an inner wall of the electrical rings . the first housing includes openings opposed to the bolts to allow access to the bolts for tightening the bolts to hold the spring , and bias the diodes against the inner periphery of the electrical rings . a rotor balance assembly , a generator , and a method of assembling a rectifier assembly are also disclosed and claimed . | 8 |
a valve assembly , comprises a housing having an inlet , an outlet , and an internal volume ; a pair of sealing rings and mounted to the housing ; and a spherical plug rotatably disposed within the housing for contact with the seating rings , the spherical plug comprising a general spherical main body having a generally cylindrical bore therethrough ; and a plurality of slotted plates longitudinally parallel to each other and parallel with the axis rotation of the spherical plug . | 5 |
a memory device includes a base memory with a defective memory cell . a read circuit with a serial output port and parallel input ports is connected to the base memory . the read circuit converts parallel read data received at the parallel input ports to a first serial data stream , which is applied to the serial output port . the first serial data stream includes a faulty bit corresponding to the defective memory cell . a spare memory stores a spare bit corresponding to the defective memory cell . a bit insertion circuit is connected to the spare memory and the serial output port of the read circuit . the bit insertion circuit substitutes the faulty bit value of the first serial data stream with the spare bit . | 6 |
a semiconductor based image sensor having a plurality of pixels formed on a surface of the image sensor , such that each of the pixels has a photodetector configured to collect majority carriers created from incident light ; a region within each of the photodetectors that is narrowed , the narrowed region of the photodetector being electrically coupled to a drain for the majority carriers ; a reset means ; a transistor for converting photo - charge to voltage or current . the narrowed region provides a path for excess photoelectrons in the photodetector to the drain . the narrow regions path to the drain , in the preferred embodiment , is that of the drain used for the adjacent transistor . | 7 |
a magnetic disk sub - system provides for sudden cutting off of a main power supply such as a power failure so that the backup by battery is effected to supply electric power to the cache memory from a battery upon cutting off of the main power supply in order to protect data in the cache memory and when the main power supply is cut off by operation of a main power supply switch the backup by battery is stopped to cut off supply of electric power to the cache memory from the battery after data in the cache memory is written into a magnetic disk unit and supply of electric power from the main power supply is then cut off . further , the magnetic disk sub - system divides the cache memory into several portions so that the backup by battery can be controlled independently to thereby extend the backup period . | 6 |
this invention is related to a method for production of high strength and low cost thermoplastic composite materials by processing and treating waste plastic materials with some minerals . the object of the invention is to embody a recycling method wherein it contains high amounts of additives and therefore composite materials with high strength properties are obtained . another object of the invention is to embody a recycling method wherein high amounts of additives are used in the production and the machines used in the production are not damaged . | 8 |
a method and apparatus for securely fastening a pipe collar or a bracket to a riser pipe of a boiling water reactor jet pump assembly . a pipe plug assembly includes an angled pipe plug that acts as a wedge to expand a bushing assembly as the pipe plug is drawn into the overall pipe plug assembly . expansion of the bushing assembly allows a tight tolerance to exist between an outer diameter of the pipe plug and an inner diameter of the collar / bracket and riser pipe . expansion of the bushing assembly allows a straight hole to be match drilled into the collar / bracket and riser pipe , thereby avoiding a more complicated tapered hole to be drilled into the collar / bracket and riser pipe . an ensuing tight fit between the pipe plug assembly , the collar / bracket and the riser pipe mitigates vibration of components and minimizes leakage to acceptable levels for use in the flooded environment of the annulus region where the jet pump assembly exists in the bwr . | 8 |
a method for operating an ignition interlock device installed in a vehicle comprises the steps of monitoring the level of a particular parameter associated with a user of the vehicle ; generating an output signal when the sensed parameter exceeds a set value ; and using the output signal to initiate a wireless signal to a remote receiver . the wireless signal may include user identity data and data reflecting the sensed parameter value . the remote receiver uses the identity data to determine if there exist official personnel associated with the user and if so to send a message to such personnel advising the personnel of the identity of the user and the sensed personnel value . the methodology may be employed with alcohol sensing units installed in a vehicle for monitoring the alcohol level of the driver . the official personnel advised may be dispatched to the location of the vehicle . | 6 |
We explored the parsec-scale nuclear regions of a sample of radio-loud narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxies (NLSy1s) using the VLBI Exploration of Radio Astrometry wideband (at a recording rate of 16 Gbps) polarimetry at 22 and 43 GHz. Our targets include 1H 0323+342, SBS 0846+513, PMN J0948+0022, 1219+044, PKS 1502+036, and TXS 2116-077, which are all known to exhibit γ-ray emission indicative of possessing highly beamed jets similar to blazars. For the first time, we unambiguously detected Faraday rotation toward the parsec-scale radio core of NLSy1s, with a median observed core rotation measure (RM) of 2.7 × 10<SUP>3</SUP> rad m<SUP>-2</SUP> (or 6.3 × 10<SUP>3</SUP> rad m<SUP>-2</SUP> for redshift-corrected). This level of RM magnitude is significantly larger than those seen in the core of BL Lacertae objects (BLOs; a dominant subclass of blazars), suggesting that the nuclear environment of NLSy1s is more gas-rich than that in BLOs. Interestingly, the observed parsec-scale polarimetric properties of NLSy1s (low core fractional polarization, large core RM and jet-EVPA misalignment) are rather similar to those of flat-spectrum radio quasars (FSRQs). Our results are in accordance with the scenario that NLSy1s are in an early stage of active galactic nucleus evolution with their central black hole masses being smaller than those of more evolved FSRQs. | 9 |
an organic transistor includes a semiconductor section that includes a thin - film laminate in which a first organic thin film and a second organic thin film are alternately stacked . the thin - film laminate includes at least two layers of the first organic thin film . the first organic thin film is a pentacene thin film , and the second organic thin film is an amorphous organic thin film . the pentacene thin film may be a pentacene bilayer thin film , and the amorphous organic thin film may be a tetraaryldiamine thin film . the tetraaryldiamine thin film may be an α - npd thin film . the organic transistor has improved transistor characteristics . | 7 |
a method , apparatus and computer program product are disclosed to enable independent verification of service level agreement between two parties . in one embodiment , a first party contracts the hosting service of a second party to provide said first party with web page and services on second party &# 39 ; s equipment . said contract contains a service level agreement specifying performance parameters and guarantees for the response time experienced by users of said web page and services . independent verification by a third party of said agreement is done for a fee through several steps . in a first step , said third party inserts measuring and reporting instructions into blocks of information maintained on the server of said second party . the measuring instructions are for delivery to the client with the blocks of information . the delivery of the instructions occurs responsive to a request for the information by the client . once they are delivered , the instructions are executed by the client . this client - side execution produces a measure of service that is provided to the client by the network and the server . in another step , reporting instructions are inserted into the blocks of information . like the measuring instructions , the reporting instructions are also for delivery to the client . the reporting instructions may be in just one of the blocks of information , and their delivery also occurs responsive to a request for the information by the client . as a result of being executed by the client , the reporting instructions cause the client to send a report of the measure to a verifying agent . | 6 |
the fog - free dental mirror uses compressed air directed at and over the surface of the mirror to provide a protective air stream over the surface of the mirror to avoid the accumulation of moisture while keeping debris off of the surface of the dental mirror . the handle of the mirror is preferably aluminum , is multi - positionable and is ergonomically designed and allows for the novel regulation of airflow and quick connection of multi - positional mirror heads . the new and unique dental mirror is fully auto - clavable . air flow level is settable by an actuator and retains its position with the set air flow even if the user releases pressure therefrom and even after a full blast of air is executed . | 0 |
a system and method are presented that facilitate imaging of the joints of the upper and lower extremities including , for example , the hip and shoulder as well as sections of the spine , among others . one embodiment of the invention includes a short bore cylindrical magnet with an imaging volume smaller than that of a comparable whole body system , an articulated table that allows placement of the joint to be imaged in the center of the magnet homogeneous volume while maintaining a high degree of patient comfort and openness . the gradient and rf coils may be positioned above and below the patient instead of 360 degrees surrounding the patient . a smaller rf and gradient coil is made feasible because of the reduced imaging volume . | 6 |
a three - dimensional image display system , based on a novel depth concept referred to as double - d - depth , includes a first display device and at least a second display device which , viewed along the system axis , are offset with respect to each other and are each intended to partially display the same two - dimensional image of a scene , while parameters which are relevant to depth representation are included in the form of an additional dedicated intensity gradation in at least one of the displayed images , and all images , together with the axial distance in between , evoke a depth effect with a viewer . | 7 |
a tunable air spring / shock absorber comprises a cylinder , a piston rod extending out of the cylinder through a lower end thereof , and rod guide provided on the lower end of the cylinder for guiding the piston rod , a seal mounted on the rod guide and piston containing valving components to deliver desired force - velocity characteristics for rebound and compression mounted on the piston rod . the piston is submerged in oil during the complete stroke of the air spring / shock absorber . on top of the piston , a spacer is provided which separates a sealing disk or piston that hermetically separates a counter spring chamber and a main spring chamber . the tunable air spring / shock absorber has an upper closure on the cylinder with a valve that allows pressurization of the main spring chamber . | 1 |
a method and system for well logging provide indications of the characteristics of fluid flow behind pipe . an acoustic listening device is positioned within a pipe in proximity to suspected fluid flow behind the pipe . acoustic energy resulting from the fluid flow is detected and separated into at least two frequency groups or ranges ; the first comprising acoustic energy of relatively low frequency and the second comprising acoustic energy of relatively higher frequency . the relative distribution of acoustic energy between the two frequency groups provides an indicator of the nature of the fluid flow behind the pipe . | 6 |
The timing of the end-Permian mass extinction and subsequent prolonged recovery during the Early Triassic Epoch can be established from astronomically controlled climate cycles recorded in continuous marine sedimentary sections. Astronomical-cycle tuning of spectral gamma-ray logs from biostratigraphically-constrained cyclic stratigraphy through marine sections at Meishan, Chaohu, Daxiakou and Guandao in South China yields an integrated time scale for the Early Triassic, which is consistent with scaling of magnetostratigraphy from climatic cycles in continental deposits of the Germanic Basin. The main marine mass extinction interval at Meishan is constrained to less than 40% of a 100-kyr (kilo-year) cycle (i.e., <40 kyr) and the sharp negative excursion in δ<SUP>13</SUP>C is estimated to have lasted <6 kyr. The sharp positive shift in δ<SUP>13</SUP>C from - 2 ‰ to 4‰ across the Smithian-Spathian boundary at Chaohu was completed in 50 kyr. The earliest marine reptiles in the Mesozoic at Chaohu that are considered to represent a significant recovery of marine ecosystems did not appear until 4.7 myr (million years) after the end-Permian extinction. The durations of the Griesbachian, Dienerian, Smithian and Spathian substages, including the uncertainty in placement of widely used conodont biostratigraphic datums for their boundaries, are 1.4 ± 0.1, 0.6 ± 0.1, 1.7 ± 0.1 and 1.4 ± 0.1 myr, implying a total span for the Early Triassic of 5.1 ± 0.1 myr. Therefore, relative to an assigned 251.902 ± 0.024 Ma for the Permian-Triassic boundary from the Meishan GSSP, the ages for these substage boundaries are 250.5 ± 0.1 Ma for base Dienerian, 249.9 ± 0.1 Ma for base Smithian (base of Olenekian stage), 248.2 ± 0.1 Ma for base Spathian, and 246.8 ± 0.1 Ma for the base of the Anisian Stage. This astronomical-calibrated timescale provides rates for the recurrent carbon isotope excursions and for trends in sedimentation accumulation through the Early Triassic of studied sections in South China. | 9 |
a toothbrush with a toothpaste reservoir and a simple control delivering mechanism which is associated with an elastomeric valve system for dispensing an amount of oral hygienic paste onto bristles on the toothbrush . | 0 |
provided are methods and compositions for reducing the toxicity of certain hydrophobic therapeutic agents , especially polyene antibiotics , in particular , amphotericin b , and therapeutics such as paclitaxel , tamoxifen , an acylated prodrug or an acylated cis - platin , by incorporating these agents within micelles comprising an amphiphilic block - forming copolymer . where the polyene is amphotericin b , desirably the spacer is an alkyl molecule of aabout 2 to about 8 carbon atoms , desirably 6 carbon atoms , and the core is an n - alkyl molecule of about 8 to about 28 carbon atoms , desirably 12 to 22 carbon atoms , advantageously , 12 to 18 carbon atoms , and as specifically embodied , 18 carbon atoms . for the formulation of a larger polyene , the spacer and core are proportionately larger than those for amphotericin b . as specifically exemplified herein , the polymer backbone is a peo of about 270 units with about 10 - 30 core - forming plaa subunits , and advantageously about 14 - 24 . desirably the stearate moiety has a substitution level on the copolymer from about 35 percent to about 70 percent . | 0 |
a golf bag has a main bag and an auxiliary bag . the main bag has an upper opening and is sized to hold golf clubs . this main bag has a lower end with an upwardly open pocket . the auxiliary bag has an upper mouth and is sized to hold golf clubs . this auxiliary bag is sized to fit into the pocket and lie alongside the main bag . | 0 |
an electrographic apparatus has a transparent photoconductor on which visible images are formed by applying toner to a latent electrostatic image . the toned image is subsequently transferred to a copy sheet and fused to the sheet . a post - development erase lamp is located on one side of the photoconductor . the density of toned images on the photoconductor is measured by light rays from the erase lamp traveling through the photoconductor and a toned control image thereon to a photodetector on the opposite side of the photoconductor . this eliminates the need for special lamps used only for measuring the density of toned control images . | 6 |
a computer - executable ratiometric analysis method determines integer components of a rational number ratio or a close approximation of an irrational number ratio . in one embodiment the method uses a ratio of rotational speeds of two rotating assets in a machine or process , generates a new rational number based on the ratio of speeds , and calculates the integer components of the new rational number . the result is the integer ratio relationship between the initial two rational numbers . the method may be used in machinery analysis applications to determine whether a low - order integer ratio relationship exists between two machinery rotating components . low - order integer ratio relationships in machinery are generally harmful in related machinery rotating components , and detection of such relationships is an important tool in preventing damage to machinery components . in a more general embodiment the algorithm can be used to determine the closest integer roots of any fractional number where this information would be of interest to an analyst in understanding the fractional number . | 6 |
the present invention discloses aminothiol compounds and acylated derivatives thereof , which respectively have general formula i and formula ii wherein r 1 - r 6 are substitutable ligands . such compounds can perform as superior catalysts in asymmetric addition reactions of organic zinc and aldehyde . according to the present invention , the compounds is needed only less than 0 . 02 % of main reactants to obtain enantioselectivity higher than 99 % enantiomeric excess , whereby the asymmetric reactions can become very economic . | 2 |
a system for electrostatically measuring the shape or pattern of objects comprising an array of sensor devices having the capability of responding , due to variable electrostatic coupling , to produce differentiated output signals when a sensor element forming part of each device is present and when it is not . | 6 |
the rotor of an electronically commutated dc machine , which may be operated in the motor mode or in the generator mode , comprises at least one permanent magnet having at least four poles disposed concentrically to the rotary axis of the rotor , said poles being polarized substantially normal to said axis of rotation and being disposed adjacent an annular return circuit member . the stator winding is arranged in the annular gap between rotor and return circuit members and comprises a meander - like conductive strip array whose linear forward or backward extending meander sections consist of a number of parallel conductor sections . means for detecting the angular position of the rotor relative to the linear forward and backward extending meander sections supplies signals to an electronic control system which in turn controls the flow of current through the conductive strip array such that the latter produces a magnetic field to drive the rotor . an electronically commutated dc motor of such structure and including , for instance , 40 poles exhibits an extremely constant rated motor speed and by virture of the high space factor in the magnetic gap produces a high e . m . f . such a motor may preferably be used as driving unit in winchester disk storages . | 6 |
this invention provides pharmaceutical uses for 2 - methylene - 19 - nor - 20 - 1α , 25 - dihydroxyvitamin d 3 . this compound is characterized by high bone calcium mobilization activity demonstrating preferential activity on bone . this results in a novel therapeutic agent for the treatment and prophylaxis of diseases where bone formation is desired , particularly osteoporosis . this compound also increases both breaking strength and crushing strength of bones evidencing use in conjunction with bone replacement surgery such as hip and knee replacements , as well as use by normal subjects when high bone mass is desired . | 0 |
the present invention discloses an improved arc fault detection circuit comprising a light detector for generating a light detector signal , a differentiator circuit for receiving a light detector signal and creating a differentiated light detector signal , and a comparator circuit for comparing the differentiated light detector signal and a reference signal and generating a comparator output signal for indicating when the differentiated light detector signal exceeds the reference signal . | 7 |
an automated pet feeding device for providing food and water on an automatic , pretimed basis is disclosed . the lid and base modules are stationary and the feeding tray , supported by the motor shaft , and resting on a drive lug is indexed under the lip opening . the lip is easily detached from the base unit and the feeding tray removed without the use of tools . | 0 |
a single instruction , multiple data architecture for controlling the processing of plurality of data streams in a digital subscriber line system has a memory for storing the data from the channels , a processor operatively coupled with the memory for processing data from the data streams , and a controller for controlling the processor . storing the data in the memory de - couples the operating rate of the processor and the operating rate of the data streams . | 7 |
This is a particle-in-cell plasma code 'picard' that was developed by Jesper Lindkvist and Herbert Gunell with start in 2016 using resources provided by the Swedish National Infrastructure for Computing (SNIC) at the High Performance Computing Center North (HPC2N), Umeå University, Sweden. Jesper Lindkvist was funded by the Swedish National Space Board (SNSB project 201/15) and Herbert Gunell by the Swedish National Space Agency (SNSA project 108/18). @author : Jesper Lindkvist Email : [email protected] @author : Herbert Gunell Email : [email protected] | 9 |
a lamp switching circuit and method for selectively energizing one or more lamps of a bank of lamps and thereafter energizing other of the lamps when power is interrupted and next applied . the lamp switching circuit and method is also effective in selectively and sequentially operating one or more ballasts in a group of ballasts which , in turn , operate one or more lamps in a circuit arrangement . the lamps with which the present invention is used are typically phosphor excitable lamps , such as flourescent lamps . in this way , power consumption is reduced , even through lumen output is correspondingly reduced . however , by selectively and sequentially energizing only certain of the lamps in a circuit arrangement , the overall life of the lamps is materially increased . moreover , the lamps will operate with the same degree of efficiency as they would operate if all lamps connected to a ballast were operating . | 8 |
the gate electrode of a metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor comprises a source side gate electrode and a drain side gate electrode that abut each other near the middle of the channel . in one embodiment , the source side gate electrode comprises a silicon oxide based gate dielectric and the drain side gate electrode comprises a high - k gate dielectric . the source side gate electrode provides high carrier mobility , while the drain side gate electrode provides good short channel effect and reduced gate leakage . in another embodiment , the source gate electrode and drain gate electrode comprises different high - k gate dielectric stacks and different gate conductor materials , wherein the source side gate electrode has a first work function a quarter band gap away from a band gap edge and the drain side gate electrode has a second work function near the band gap edge . | 7 |
a clothes hanger having a plurality of hooks located thereon for hanging tank tops or other strapped articles of clothing . the clothes hanger allows a user to hang multiple articles of clothing on the plurality of hooks , thereby conserving storage space in a closet . the positioning of the hooks allows the clothes hanger to remain level by being counterbalanced while hanging in a closet . an optional base allows the hanger to be displayed on a counter , dresser or other flat surface . | 0 |
a process for preventing the unwanted transmission of information from a client computer to a host computer on the internet . the process analyzes the html contents of a user - accessed web page during the assembly of the web page for display on the client computer . after identifying the domain name of the web page and comparing that domain name to domain names of host computers from which elements of web page will be obtained , the process prevents unwanted transmission of data from the client computer to such host computers by processing requests for such elements through a cookie filter and / or a url filter . upon examination of all requests for the transmission of data and the prevention of any unwanted transmission of such data , the process displays the accessed web page on the client computer with or without the display of certain web page elements depending upon the user &# 39 ; s choice . | 7 |
an electronic , voice - controlled musical instrument called the vocolo , in which the player hums into the mouthpiece , and the device imitates the sound of a musical instrument whose pitch and volume change in response to the player &# 39 ; s voice is disclosed . the player is given the impression of playing the actual instrument and controlling it intimately with the fine nuances of his voice . the invention comprises techniques for pitch quantization that provide esthetically pleasing note transitions , mechanisms for song recording that are suited for rhythmic repeated playback and performance evaluation of the player &# 39 ; s pitch control , techniques related to expressive control and pitch detection , and techniques for mitigating the effect of pitch detection errors . embodiments are disclosed for providing finger / hand interaction for expressive control , a microphone enclosure that mitigates audio feedback , and for providing rhythmic feedback to the player through mechanical vibrations induced in the device . | 6 |
isolated nucleic acid molecules cloned from artemisia annua encode artemisinic aldehyde double bond reductase and artemisinic / dihydroartemisinic aldehyde dehydrogenase . artemisinic aldehyde double bond reductase enzymatically reduces artemisinic aldehyde to dihydroartemisinic aldehyde . artemisinic / dihydroartemisinic aldehyde dehydrogenase enzymatically oxidizes dihydroartemisinic aldehyde to dihydroartemisinic acid and artemisinic aldehyde to artemisinic acid . the nucleic acid molecules , and the enzymes encoded thereby , may be used in processes to produce dihydroartemsinic aldehyde , dihydroartemisinic acid or artemisinic acid in a host cell . dihydroartemisinic acid is a late precursor to the a antimalarial compound artemisinin . | 2 |
While black hole perturbation theory predicts a rich quasinormal mode structure, technical challenges have limited the numerical study of excitations to the fundamental, lowest order modes caused by the coalescence of black holes. Here, we present a robust method to identify quasinormal mode excitations beyond the fundamentals within currently available numerical relativity waveforms. In applying this method to waveforms of 68 initially nonspinning black hole binaries, of mass ratios 1 ∶1 to 15 ∶1 , we find not only the fundamental quasinormal mode amplitudes, but also overtones, and evidence for second order quasinormal modes. We find that the mass-ratio dependence of quasinormal mode excitation is very well modeled by a post-Newtonian-like sum in symmetric mass ratio. Concurrently, we find that the mass-ratio dependence of some quasinormal mode excitations is qualitatively different from their post-Newtonian inspired counterparts, suggesting that the imprints of nonlinear merger are more evident in some modes than in others. We present new fitting formulas for the related quasinormal mode excitations, as well as for remnant black hole spin and mass. We also discuss the relevance of our results in terms of gravitational wave detection and characterization. | 9 |
Recently, many exoplanets have been discovered through various methods such as radial velocity, doppler radar, and transits. As with the terrestrial planets in our solar system, the atmospheres of these worlds are of great import in determining their habitability. In this project, we used past observations of charge exchange from within our own solar system through the Diffuse X-Ray Spectrometer (DXS) along with other observations from Chandra, Suzaku, and XMM-Newton. We created a time-independent model that predicts the luminosity from charge exchange of an extrasolar system where oxygen is present. Our model adjusts per the instrument's specifications and approximates the luminosity of a solar system similar to our own in space. Comparing our model's predictions to data helps identify which systems have enough charge exchange to warrant further investigation. We are focused on solar wind charge exchange or SWCX, which occurs when the solar wind releases ions that then interact with neutral atoms in the ISM or molecules in the Earth's atmosphere, undergoing charge exchange. This charge exchange is strong in the soft X-ray region (around the 1/4 keV energy) and is a major source of noise. The intensity of charge exchange depends on the donor and receiving ion densities, the collision cross-section, and the geometry of and distance to the emitting plasma. We then used solar wind models to calculate ion densities for both the receiving and donor ions and published values for cross sections. Our complete velocity-adjusted intensity function was then normalized using data from the DXS. By then zooming out and integrating over a full system, we are able to find the luminosity of a solar system with a habitable planet at a specific wavelength. Our work has major potential and is constrained primarily by the lack of data and instrumentation available. We want to encourage more investment in and exploration of charge exchange. | 9 |
the viscosity of various ionic liquids , the solvent tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether , and their mixtures , with or without lithium salts , were measured experimentally . various compositions were studied spectroscopically . detailed analysis reveals that g4 preferentially solvates cations , leading to a reduction in the interaction energy between cations and anions and a subsequent enhancement in anion mobility . diffusivity and ionic conductivity of certain compositions were improved at g4 mole fractions below levels required for a “ solvate ionic liquid ”. when an il was combined with low amounts of a 1 : 1 stoichiometric ratio of g4 and lithium salt , the viscosity of composition remained constant and ion mobility increased . | 7 |
the present invention relates to methods and arrangements to measure network performance . the method comprises the following steps : — transmitting via a communication network payload packets from a sending node to a receiving node . — generating at the sending node a send specification for each of at least one selected packet of the transmitted payload packets . — generating at the receiving node , a receive specification for each of at least one selected packet of the transmitted payload packets . — bringing together generated send specifications and generated receive specifications . — estimating network performance by utilizing corresponding specifications of the brought together specifications . | 7 |
Early Mars climate research has well-defined goals (MEPAG 2018). Achieving these goals requires geologists and climate modelers to coordinate. Coordination is easier if results are expressed in terms of well-defined parameters. Key parameters include the following quantitative geologic constraints. (1) Cumulative post-3.4 Ga precipitation-sourced water runoff in some places exceeded 1 km column. (2) There is no single Early Mars climate problem: the traces of ≥2 river-forming periods are seen. Relative to rivers that formed earlier in Mars history, rivers that formed later in Mars history are found preferentially at lower elevations, and show a stronger dependence on latitude. (3) The duration of the longest individual river-forming climate was {>}(10<SUP>2</SUP>-10<SUP>3</SUP>) yr, based on paleolake hydrology. (4) Peak runoff production was {>}0.1 mm/hr. However, (5) peak runoff production was intermittent, sustained (in a given catchment) for only <10% of the duration of river-forming climates. (6) The cumulative number of wet years during the valley-network-forming period was {>}10<SUP>5</SUP> yr. (7) Post-Noachian light-toned, layered sedimentary rocks took {>}10<SUP>7</SUP> yr to accumulate. However, (8) an "average" place on Mars saw water for {<}10<SUP>7</SUP> yr after the Noachian, suggesting that the river-forming climates were interspersed with long globally-dry intervals. (9) Geologic proxies for Early Mars atmospheric pressure indicate pressure was not less than 0.012 bar but not much more than 1 bar. A truth table of these geologic constraints versus currently published climate models shows that the late persistence of river-forming climates, combined with the long duration of individual lake-forming climates, is a challenge for most models. | 9 |
a pet toy is provided having an interactive stimulus that actively engages the pet &# 39 ; s senses during use . stimuli include sight , sounds , smell , taste , and sound , and can include a combination of more than one such stimulus . | 0 |
Axions and axion-like particles are strongly motivated dark matter candidates that are the subject of many current ground based dark matter searches. We present first results from the Axion Dark-Matter Birefringent Cavity (ADBC) experiment, which is an optical bow-tie cavity probing the axion-induced birefringence of electromagnetic waves. Our experiment is the first optical axion detector that is tunable and quantum noise limited, making it sensitive to a wide range of axion masses. We have iteratively probed the axion mass range 40.9-43.3$\text{ neV/c}^2$, 49.3-50.6$\text{ neV/c}^2$, and 54.4-56.7$\text{ neV/c}^2$, and found no dark matter signal. On average, we constrain the ALP-photon coupling at the level $g_{a\gamma\gamma} \leq 1.9\times 10^{-8} \text{ GeV}^{-1}$. We also present prospects for future axion dark matter detection experiments using optical cavities. | 9 |
the present invention relates to a camera system having an auto - focusing device which carries out a so - called overlapped operation in which storing of a light signal by a focus sensor and calculation of a lens drive distance based on the stored value are performed while a lens is driven . in the present invention , where a lens system mounted on the camera does not have a characteristic suitable to the overlapped operation , it is automatically detected and the overlapped operation is inhibited to prevent improper proceeding of the overlapped operation . | 6 |
an angular - position measuring device includes a shaft rotatable relative to a body about an axis extending in a z - direction . a measuring standard having an end face is fastened on the shaft in rotatably fixed manner . the body includes a scanning device for scanning the measuring standard . both the roller bearing and a sealing unit are provided on the side of the measuring standard facing the end face relative to the z - direction , the sealing unit includes rings that are rotatable relative to each other and are separated from each other by a gap , the gap being filled at least partially with a fluid . | 5 |
this invention provides a new configuration and manufacturing method of the hetero - junction bipolar transistor . according to the invention , the hbt comprises a semi - insulating inp substrate , a buffer layer on the substrate , a sub - collector layer , a collector layer , a base layer , an emitter layer , and an emitter contact layer these layers are sequentially grown on the buffer layer . since a pre - processing of forming two depressions in the sub - collector layer before growing the collector layer , the top surface of the emitter layer becomes planar surface . this results on the reduction of pits induced in the etching of the emitter contact layer , thus enhances the reliability and the high frequency performance of the hbt . | 7 |
a building alarm system includes addressable notification appliances connected to a system controller , with each notification appliance having a status indicator and an alarm indicator . the status indicator , such as an led , provides for system test modes that avoid disruption of building occupants . to test the alarm system , the system controller selects which notification appliances to operate in response to a test alarm input and communicates to each selected appliance an instruction to operate its associated status indicator without operating its associated audible or flashing visible alarm indicators . in a troubleshooting mode , the system controller polls each of the notification appliances and receives an answer in response to the poll from any of the appliances . the controller operates the led indicators of those appliances which answer the poll . this allows a technician to locate for troubleshooting only those appliances having an nonoperating led indicator , perhaps due to a failure to respond to its poll . according to another aspect , each addressable notification appliances includes a microprocessor and a manually - activated switch . the microprocessor is programmed to transmit a first message in response to an activation of the switch . the system controller receives the first message from the activated appliance and in response transmits a second message instructing the appliance to operate its associated alarm indicator for a test time interval . | 6 |
an automatic choke for a small internal combustion engine uses an air vane responsive to an air flow created by a radial fan to position the choke valve during engine starting . a return spring or gravity may be used to reset the automatic choke after the engine has been stopped . the automatic choke includes a thermally - responsive device that keeps the choke at least partially open during hot restarts of the engine . | 5 |
We present the first full-sky analysis of the cosmic ray arrival direction distribution with data collected by the High-Altitude Water Cherenkov and IceCube observatories in the northern and southern hemispheres at the same median primary particle energy of 10 TeV. The combined sky map and angular power spectrum largely eliminate biases that result from partial sky coverage and present a key to probe into the propagation properties of TeV cosmic rays through our local interstellar medium and the interaction between the interstellar and heliospheric magnetic fields. From the map, we determine the horizontal dipole components of the anisotropy δ <SUB>0h </SUB> = 9.16 × 10<SUP>-4</SUP> and δ <SUB>6h </SUB> = 7.25 × 10<SUP>-4</SUP> (±0.04 × 10<SUP>-4</SUP>). In addition, we infer the direction (229.°2 ± 3.°5 R.A., 11.°4 ± 3.°0 decl.) of the interstellar magnetic field from the boundary between large-scale excess and deficit regions from which we estimate the missing corresponding vertical dipole component of the large-scale anisotropy to be {δ }<SUB>N</SUB>∼ -{3.97}<SUB>-2.0</SUB><SUP>+1.0</SUP>× {10}<SUP>-4</SUP>. | 9 |
an electric discharge tube in which an electric luminous discharge is to be produced for display purposes has internal electrodes connected to a generator providing an alternating voltage of cyclically varying magnitude . at least one external electrode extending lengthwise of the tube is connected to one generator terminal by way of a reactance , preferably a capacitor . the external electrodes may be wire or thin metal strip and are preferably adhesively secured to the tube envelope . a plurality of such tubes may be connected in series to a single voltage generator . | 7 |
the invention discloses maize bzip transcriptional factors , namely , abp2 , abp4 and abp9 , the genes encoding these factors , and the use thereof . the transcriptional factors are proteins having an amino acid sequence set forth in seq id no : 2 , 4 , or 6 , or proteins derived therefrom by substitution , deletion or addition of one or more amino acid residues of seq id no : 2 , 4 , or 6 , and having the same activity as a protein shown by seq id no : 2 , 4 , or 6 . the abp2 , abp4 and abp9 genes encoding these factors , respectively , are the dna sequences having an identity of more than 90 % with a sequence shown by seq id no : 1 , 3 or 5 and the encoded proteins having such same functions . these genes are important for breeding plant varieties with an enhanced tolerance to abiotic stresses and for improving plant tolerance to abiotic stresses . | 2 |
Subsets and Splits