text
stringlengths 12
51.9k
| label
int64 0
9
|
|---|---|
disposable fitted sheets and method for making them . the sheets are formed without necessitating prior cutting by folding edges of the material and attaching the folded - over edges along diagonal lines associated with each corner . elastic bands cooperate with each pocket to maintain the fit on the corners of the mattress . the bands are fastened in a stretched condition to the folded - over edges while the sheet is in a flat state . the process of the invention is particularly adapted to continuously forming such sheets which may be formed from a variety of inexpensive materials . sheets of the invention are particularly useful in hospitals and nursing homes where frequent bedding changes may be needed . | 0 |
a method and system for selecting a preferred debt instrument for an individual consumer , where the option adjusted spreads and risk measures of a plurality of debt instruments are determined and ranked using standard bond valuation methodology . a typical scenario involves a consumer inputting a plurality of mortgages and associated features and receiving the option adjusted spread and risk measure for each mortgage , from which the consumer may select the appropriate mortgage having the lowest option adjusted spread within his or her risk tolerance . these steps can be implemented by a computer which includes a central processing unit and a computer code operatively associated with the cpu . the relative option adjusted spreads and risk measures of various debt instruments can be displayed on a visual display or used to automatically commence the financing of a mortgage . | 6 |
a multi - rank beamforming scheme in which the downlink channel is estimated and an optimal precoding matrix to be used by the mrbf transmitter is determined accordingly . the optimal precoding matrix is selected from a codebook of matrices having a recursive structure which allows for efficient computation of the optimal precoding matrix and corresponding signal to interference and noise ratio . the codebook also enjoys a small storage footprint . due to the computational efficiency and modest memory requirements , the optimal precoding determination can be made at user equipment and communicated to a transmitting base station over a limited uplink channel for implementation over the downlink channel . | 7 |
The galaxy group NGC 6338 is one of the most violent group-group mergers known to date. While the central dominant galaxies rush at each other at 1400 km s<SUP>-1</SUP> along the line of sight, with dramatic gas heating and shock fronts detected, the central gas in the BCGs remains cool. There are also indications of feedback from active galactic nuclei, and neither subcluster core has been disrupted. With our deep radio uGMRT data at 383 and 650 MHz, we clearly detect a set of large, old lobes in the southern BCG coinciding with the X-ray cavities, while the northern and smaller BCG appears slightly extended in the radio. The southern BCG also hosts a smaller younger set of lobes perpendicular to the larger lobes, but also coinciding with the inner X-ray cavities and matching the jet direction in the parsec-resolution VLBA image. Our spectral analysis confirms the history of two feedback cycles. The high radio frequency analysis classifies the compact source in the southern BCG with a power law, while ruling out a significant contribution from accretion. The radio lightcurve over three decades shows a change about 10 yr ago, which might be related to ongoing feedback in the core. The southern BCG in the NGC 6338 merger remains another prominent case where the direction of jet-mode feedback between two cycles changed dramatically. | 9 |
a non - transitory computer - readable recording medium has stored therein a mapping program that causes a computer to execute a process . the process includes : first calculating a matching rate between top - level parent items in a hierarchical relationship between a first plurality of items of a first data and a second plurality of items of a second data based on an item information relating to the first plurality of items and the second plurality of items , the first data including one or a plurality of items before a change , the second data including one or a plurality of items after the change ; and associating the parent items of the first data and the second data with each other based on the calculated matching rate . | 6 |
in accordance with embodiments , there are provided mechanisms and methods for performing a synchronization of data . these mechanisms and methods for performing a synchronization of data can enable a more efficient synchronization , time and resource savings , an enhanced user experience , etc . | 7 |
the present invention provides a system and method for actively controlling the suspension of a vehicle . the system includes struts for providing an adjustable suspension to the vehicle , sensors to measure the strut relative displacement , and a controller configured to determine the frequency amplitude for the heave , pitch , or roll of the vehicle based on the strut relative displacement and manipulate the struts in response thereto . | 1 |
Brown dwarfs in close-in orbits around white dwarfs offer an excellent opportunity to investigate properties of fast-rotating, tidally locked, and highly irradiated atmospheres. We present Hubble Space Telescope Wide Field Camera 3 G141 phase-resolved observations of two brown-dwarf-white-dwarf binaries: WD 0137-349 and EPIC 212235321. Their 1.1-1.7 μm phase curves demonstrate rotational modulations with semi-amplitudes of 5.27% ± 0.02% and 29.1% ± 0.1%; both can be fit well by multi-order Fourier series models. The high-order Fourier components have the same phase as the first-order and are likely caused by hot spots located at the substellar points, suggesting inefficient day/night heat transfer. Both brown dwarfs' phase-resolved spectra can be accurately represented by linear combinations of their respective day- and nightside spectra. Fitting the irradiated brown dwarf model grids to the dayside spectra require a filling factor of ~50%, further supporting a hot spot dominating the dayside emission. The nightside spectrum of WD 0137-349B is fit reasonably well by non-irradiated substellar models, and the one of EPIC 21223521B can be approximated by a Planck function. We find strong spectral variations in the brown dwarfs' day/night flux and brightness temperature contrasts, highlighting the limitations of band-integrated measurements in probing heat transfer in irradiated objects. On the color-magnitude diagram, WD 0137-349B evolves along a cloudless model track connecting the early-L and mid-T spectral types, suggesting that clouds and disequilibrium chemistry have a negligible effect on this object. A full interpretation of these high-quality phase-resolved spectra calls for new models that couple atmospheric circulation and radiative transfer under high-irradiation conditions. | 9 |
systems and methods are provided for personalizing software programs in a computer system . in accordance with one implementation , default values for personalization data adapted to or harmonized with the individual needs or preferences of the end - user are provided to a plurality of end - users at start - up of a program . further , two personalization levels are provided , including a first personalization level containing administrative personalization data which can be set by a system administrator , and a second personalization level containing individual personalization data , which can be set by the end - user . a data filing system for this personalization data may be of a hierarchical structure . | 6 |
The M3V dwarf star L 98-59 hosts three small (R < 1.6 R<SUB>⊕</SUB>) planets. The host star is bright (K = 7.1) and nearby (10.6 pc), making the system a prime target for follow-up characterization with the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) and the upcoming James Webb Space Telescope (JWST). Herein, we use simulated transmission spectroscopy to evaluate the detectability of spectral features with HST and JWST assuming diverse atmospheric scenarios (e.g., atmospheres dominated by H<SUB>2</SUB>, H<SUB>2</SUB>O, CO<SUB>2</SUB>, or O<SUB>2</SUB>). We find that H<SUB>2</SUB>O and CH<SUB>4</SUB> present in a low mean molecular weight atmosphere could be detected with HST in one transit for the two outermost planets, while H<SUB>2</SUB>O in a clear steam atmosphere could be detected in six transits or fewer with HST for all three planets. We predict that observations using JWST/NIRISS would be capable of detecting a clear steam atmosphere in one transit for each planet and H<SUB>2</SUB>O absorption in a hazy steam atmosphere in two transits or less. In a clear, desiccated atmosphere, O<SUB>2</SUB> absorption may be detectable for all three planets with NIRISS. If the L 98-59 planets possess a clear, Venus-like atmosphere, NIRSpec could detect CO<SUB>2</SUB> within 26 transits for each planet, but the presence of H<SUB>2</SUB>SO<SUB>4</SUB> clouds would significantly suppress CO<SUB>2</SUB> absorption. The L 98-59 system is an excellent laboratory for comparative planetary studies of transiting multiplanet systems, and observations of the system via HST and JWST would present a unique opportunity to test the accuracy of the models presented in this study. | 9 |
The first generation of haloes forms from the collapse of the smallest peaks in the initial density field. N-body simulations of this process suggest a prompt formation of a steep power-law cusp, but these calculations are plagued by numerical artefacts that cast some doubt on this result. Here, we develop new simulation methods based on the dark matter phase-space sheet approach and present results that are entirely free of artificial clumps. We find that a cusp with density ρ ∝ r<SUP>-1.5</SUP> is indeed formed promptly, subsequently accreting a more extended halo and participating in the hierarchical growth of later halo generations. However, our simulations also suggest that the presence of artificial clumps just before peak collapse can significantly shallow the inner profiles of the cusps. We use N-body simulations with controlled amounts of small-scale power to place a conservative upper limit on the scales affected by artificial clumps. Finally, we used these results to simulate the collapse of the first generation of peaks of various types and in different cosmologies, finding prompt cusps to form in all cases. We conclude that prompt cusps are a generic feature of the collapse of peaks on the free-streaming scale of the initial density field, and their structure can safely be studied using N-body simulations provided care is taken to excise the region potentially affected by artificial clumps. | 9 |
disclosed is a method of recovering gold from an aqueous solution having a gold concentration of 10 mg / l or lower , using a plurality of extraction apparatuses for bringing the aqueous solution into contact with an extraction agent , arranged to configure a multi - stage extraction process , the method allowing the aqueous solution to continuously flow from the first - stage extraction process to the next - stage extraction process , while recycling the extraction medium used in each stage twice or more times for the extraction process of the same stage , without back extraction and reduction . | 8 |
a connector for a conductor of a power cable includes a hollow outer member configured to at least partially surround an exposed section of the conductor and configured to exert a force in an axial direction onto at least one electrically conductive inner member , and at least one electrically conductive inner member configured to be interposed between the outer member and the conductor , and configured to exert a force in a radial direction onto the conductor in response to the force in an axial direction . | 7 |
Spectroscopy of exoplanetary atmospheres has become a well established method for the characterization of extrasolar planets. We here present a novel inverse retrieval code for exoplanetary atmospheres. T-REx(Tau Retrieval for Exoplanets) is a line-by-line radiative transfer fully Bayesian retrieval framework. T-REx includes the following features:(1) the optimized use of molecular line lists from the ExoMol project; (2) an unbiased atmospheric composition prior selection, through custom built pattern recognition software; (3) the use of two independent algorithms to fully sample the Bayesian likelihood space: nested sampling as well as a more classical Markov Chain Monte Carlo approach; (4) iterative Bayesian parameter and model selection using the full Bayesian Evidence as well as the Savage-Dickey Ratio for nested models; and (5) the ability to fully map very large parameter spaces through optimal code parallelization and scalability to cluster computing. In this publication we outline the T-REx framework and demonstrate, using a theoretical hot-Jupiter transmission spectrum, the parameter retrieval and model selection. We investigate the impact of signal-to-noise ratio and spectral resolution on the retrievability of individual model parameters, both in terms of error bars on the temperature and molecular mixing ratios as well as its effect on the model’s global Bayesian evidence. | 9 |
Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) have been considered as potential very high energy photon emitters due to the large amount of energy released as well as the strong magnetic fields involved in their jets. However, the detection of teraelectronvolt photons is not expected from bursts beyond a redshift of z ≳ 0.1, due to their attenuation with the extragalactic background light (EBL). For these reasons, the recent observation of photons with energies of 18 and 251 TeV from GRB 221009A (z = 0.151) last 2022 October 9 has challenged what we know about the teraelectronvolt-emission mechanisms and the extragalactic background. In order to explain the teraelectronvolt observations, recent works exploring candidates of dark matter have started to appear. In this paper, we discuss the required conditions and limitations within the most plausible scenario, synchrotron self-Compton radiation in the GRB afterglow, to interpret the one 18 TeV photon observation besides the EBL. To avoid the Klein-Nishina effect, we find an improbable value of the microphysical magnetic parameter below 10<SUP>-6</SUP> for a circumburst medium value >1 cm<SUP>-3</SUP> (expected in the collapsar scenario). Therefore, we explore possible scenarios in terms of axion-like particles (ALPs) and dark photon mechanisms to interpret this highly energetic photon and we discuss the implications in the GRB energetics. We find that the ALPs and dark photon scenarios can explain the 18 teraelectronvolt photon but not the 251 teraelectronvolt photon. | 9 |
in general , in one aspect , the disclosure describes a method that includes at a first packet processing thread executing at a first core , performing a memory read to data shared between packet processing threads including the first thread . the method also includes at the first packet processing thread , determining whether the data returned by the memory read has been changed by a packet processing thread operating on another core before performing an exclusive operation on the shared data by the first packet processing thread . | 6 |
a bumper system includes a tubular beam with flattened end sections , and further includes an energy absorber having a rear recess mateably receiving the tubular beam in a nested relationship , with the recess also including flat mating surfaces engaging the flattened end sections . mounts engage a rear of the flattened end sections , and fasteners secure the tubular beam and energy absorber to the mounts . in one modified bumper system , corner sections on the energy absorber are shaped to slidingly engage a side surface of the mount and simultaneously an end of the beam upon corner impact of the vehicle . in another modified bumper system , offset ends of the tubular beam fit into a recess in an energy absorber , with its center section being between vehicle mounts . | 1 |
asymmetrically substituted xanthine derivatives having adenosine a 1 antagonistic activity . these are useful as pharmaceuticals . exemplary are : 3 - sulphonylethyl )- 8 -- 1 - n - propyl - xanthine ; 3 - sulphonylethyl )- 8 -- 1 - n - propyl - xanthine ; and , 3 -- 8 -- 1 - n - propyl - xanthine . | 2 |
We perform an in-depth analysis of the recently validated TOI-3884 system, an M4-dwarf star with a transiting super-Neptune. Using high-precision light curves obtained with the 3.5 m Apache Point Observatory and radial velocity observations with the Habitable-zone Planet Finder, we derive a planetary mass of ${32.6}_{-7.4}^{+7.3}\,{M}_{\oplus }$ and radius of 6.4 ± 0.2 R <SUB>⊕</SUB>. We detect a distinct starspot crossing event occurring just after ingress and spanning half the transit for every transit. We determine this spot feature to be wavelength dependent with the amplitude and duration evolving slightly over time. Best-fit starspot models show that TOI-3884b possesses a misaligned (λ = 75° ± 10°) orbit that crosses a giant pole spot. This system presents a rare opportunity for studies into the nature of both a misaligned super-Neptune and spot evolution on an active mid-M dwarf. | 9 |
the invention is a method for detecting float or peel of semiconductor chips arranged in x and y axes directions diced and bonded to a dicing tape on a stage . the method includes detecting float or peel of the semiconductor chips in a respective horizontal or longitudinal row arranged in the x or y axis direction ; moving the stage in the x axis direction , the y axis direction , a z axis direction , and a rotational direction around the z axis for aligning the stage with a position detection unit for detecting positions of the semiconductor chips in the x axis direction and the y axis direction ; detecting the positions of abnormal semiconductor chips in the respective horizontal or longitudinal row that includes said abnormal semiconductor chips ; and specifying the positions of said abnormal semiconductor chips on the x - y axes . | 7 |
a shoe sensing mechanism for setting a machine according to the size of a shoe and whether the shoe to be worked on is left or right . | 0 |
a microlens is affixed in the far field of an optical fiber to spatially transform a beam either entering or exiting the fiber . in a first embodiment , a droplet of photo polymer is placed on the end of an optical fiber and the fiber is spun to create an artificial gravity . the droplet is cured by uv radiation during the spinning . in a second embodiment , nanoparticles are mixed into the droplet to increase the refractive index of the photo polymer . a third embodiment employs artificial gravity to attach a microsphere to the end of the optical fiber . a fourth embodiment chemically treats the surface of the microsphere so that the requirement of artificial gravity is either reduced or eliminated . in a fifth embodiment the droplet is cured under equilibrium or nonequilibrium conditions to obtain different final shapes for the lenslet . a sixth embodiment discloses fabrication of microlens arrays . | 6 |
the present disclosure generally relates to a shock absorption film for use with a mobile computing device . the shock absorption film includes , for example , a pet base layer ; a tpu - based layer comprising a thermoplastic polyurethane material ; a release liner ; a glue layer interposed between the base layer and the tpu layer ; and a silicone - based adhesive layer interposed between the tpu layer and the release liner , the silicone - based adhesive layer contacting the tpu layer without an intervening layer between the silicone adhesive layer and the tpu layer . | 2 |
the invention relates to a method and an arrangement for handling of information search results . the method includes at least : entering a search query ; sending the query to a search engine ; and receiving a search result having a list of data files matching to the search query . and the method comprises at least : paginating the content of the data files retrieved ; rendering page previews of the data files ; selecting the pages to be previewed ; and previewing the matching pages associated with the data files retrieved . | 6 |
vector drawings represent the &# 34 ; intelligence &# 34 ; content of images . a method is disclosed for the gathering of intelligence and the generation of vectors on the screen of a crt without the usual problems associated with cost and performance . the vector generator itself uses pairs of digital - to - analog converters with a common analog output . this technique is referred to as interpolation . careful shaping of the complementary reference voltages of the digital - to - analog converters results in constant velocity , transient - free vectors with starting and end points that are accurately controlled . cumulative errors are entirely absent . | 6 |
This is the sevententh production release of PyCBC for use in LIGO's second observing run. This release has been tested against LALSuite with the hash: 539c8700af92eb6dd00e0e91b9dbaf5bae51f004 This release fixes two packaging bugs: That PyPi distribution of v1.7.6 was missing a file which causes installation of PyCBC using pip to fail. Release v1.7.7 was incorrectly tagged causing the OSG bundled executable build to fail. The v1.7.6 release has been removed from PyPi. The v1.7.7 release has been removed from PyPi, CVMFS and Docker. There are no other substantial code changes in this release. Details of the changes since the last production release are at https://github.com/ligo-cbc/pycbc/compare/v1.7.5...v1.7.8 A Docker container for this release is available from the pycbc/pycbc-el7 repository on Docker Hub be downloaded using the command: docker pull pycbc/pycbc-el7:v1.7.8 On a machine with CVMFS installed, a pre-built virtual environment is available for Red Hat 7 compatible operating systems by running the command: source /cvmfs/oasis.opensciencegrid.org/ligo/sw/pycbc/x86_64_rhel_7/virtualenv/pycbc-v1.7.8/bin/activate and for Debian 8 compatible operating systems by running the command: source /cvmfs/oasis.opensciencegrid.org/ligo/sw/pycbc/x86_64_deb_8/virtualenv/pycbc-v1.7.8/bin/activate A bundled pycbc_inspiral executable for use on the Open Science Grid is available at /cvmfs/oasis.opensciencegrid.org/ligo/sw/pycbc/x86_64_rhel_6/bundle/v1.7.8/pycbc_inspiral | 9 |
We report on the search for galaxies in the proximity of two very metal-poor gas clouds at z ∼ 3 towards the quasar Q0956+122. With a 5-hour Multi-Unit Spectroscopic Explorer (MUSE) integration in a ∼500 × 500 kpc<SUP>2</SUP> region centred at the quasar position, we achieve a ≥80 per cent complete spectroscopic survey of continuum-detected galaxies with m<SUB>R</SUB> ≤ 25 mag and Lyα emitters with luminosity L<SUB>Lyα</SUB> ≥ 3 × 10<SUP>41</SUP> erg s<SUP>- 1</SUP>. We do not identify galaxies at the redshift of a z ∼ 3.2 Lyman limit system (LLS) with log Z/Z<SUB>⊙</SUB> = -3.35 ± 0.05, placing this gas cloud in the intergalactic medium or circumgalactic medium of a galaxy below our sensitivity limits. Conversely, we detect five Lyα emitters at the redshift of a pristine z ∼ 3.1 LLS with log Z/Z<SUB>⊙</SUB> ≤ -3.8, while ∼0.4 sources were expected given the z ∼ 3 Lyα luminosity function. Both this high detection rate and the fact that at least three emitters appear aligned in projection with the LLS suggest that this pristine cloud is tracing a gas filament that is feeding one or multiple galaxies. Our observations uncover two different environments for metal-poor LLSs, implying a complex link between these absorbers and galaxy haloes, which ongoing MUSE surveys will soon explore in detail. Moreover, in agreement with recent MUSE observations, we detected a ∼ 90 kpc Lyα nebula at the quasar redshift and three Lyα emitters reminiscent of a `dark galaxy' population. | 9 |
a poker - type multistage wagering card game played between a dealer and at least one player or played amongst at least two players and providing a bonus card or other poker advantage to the dealer and / or player according to a pre - determined set of rules . | 0 |
a portable telecommunications device has a radio transceiver , a keypad , a memory , and a microcontroller for controlling device functions . the portable telecommunications device receives an incoming call from a calling party that calls a called party who is operating the portable telecommunications device . upon receiving the incoming call , the portable telecommunications device alerts the called party . when the called party presses a key other than the hook key , the portable telecommunications device starts periodic transmission of a waiting message to the calling party while putting the portable telecommunications device on hold . the portable telecommunications device halts the periodic transmission of waiting messages and returns to normal communication mode when the called party initiates such halting . | 7 |
We present new 1.5–8.5 GHz Very Long Baseline Array (VLBA) observations and 0.32–1.26 GHz Giant Meterwave Radio Telescope (GMRT) observations of J0354‑1340, which is the only known radio-quiet (RQ) or radio-intermediate (RI) narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxy with a 100 kpc, two-sided radio jet. A parsec-scale, one-sided jet in the southeastern direction from the core emission is found in the VLBA observations, while the kiloparsec-scale jet observed with the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array (VLA) and GMRT is in the south–north direction. Core spectra on parsec and kiloparsec scales are presented in combination with archival VLA Sky Survey observations at 3.0 GHz and VLA C-configuration observations at 5.5 GHz. The parsec-scale emission dominates the kiloparsec-scale emission above ∼5 GHz, and the spectrum is inverted due to synchrotron self-absorption. This indicates a compact synchrotron source with a size of ∼0.04 pc, which is associated with either the jet base or the corona. A subkiloparsec-scale jet, which is unresolved on scales of ∼3″, probably dominates the emission below ∼5 GHz. Future radio observations can explore the jet structure between the parsec and 100 kpc scales, the origin of their direction mismatch, and the parsec-scale jet proper motion. It remains to be explored how common such large-scale jets are in RQ or RI active galactic nuclei. | 9 |
systems , methods , and computer - readable mediums , consistent with principles of some embodiments of the present invention provide for remote ordering of goods within a shopping establishment including enabling selection between a plurality of counter services , receiving information relating to the selected counter service , enabling customization of the order for the selected counter service , transmitting the selection information , customization information and order identifying information to one of a plurality of remote devices to be fulfilled , and receiving completion data from the one of the plurality of remotes devices when the order is fulfilled . | 6 |
Fast numerical computation of (inverse) nonlinear Fourier transforms | 9 |
a modular playpen for infants and young children comprising five basic parts including a plurality of substantially rectangular side panels ; a plurality of vertical uprights slidably affixed to each end of a side panel via a longitudinal groove running the length of each vertical upright , thereby forming an enclosure ; floor pads positioned within the enclosure ; a series of horizontal cross bars removably engaged to the lower portion of each vertical upright thereby providing support to the playpen ; and a central post positioned beneath the floor pads to provide additional support to the floor pads . the modular playpen can be reconfigured in a variety of shapes to conform to space constraints , and can be assembled , disassembled and reassembled again quickly without the use of tools . | 0 |
an apparatus , method and computer program product for correcting own aircraft heading and displaying proximate aircraft traffic data on a traffic information service display . the apparatus , method and computer program minimize slewing of the other aircraft data across the display during aircraft maneuvers and provides a more reliable and consistent depiction of traffic relative to own aircraft position . | 6 |
a hammer drill having a motor mounted within a body and an output spindle ; a tool holder mounted on the body capable of holding a cutting tool ; a hammer mechanism having a piston ; a reciprocating drive for converting rotary movement of the motor into reciprocating movement of the piston ; a ram reciprocatingly driven by the piston via an air spring to strike a cutting tool held in the tool holder , the hammer mechanism performing one hammer cycle each time the ram strikes a cutting tool during normal use ; an air replenishment mechanism capable of refreshing the air spring during certain time periods during normal use ; the air replenishment mechanism capable of being adjusted to refresh the air spring during time periods within the hammer cycle and / or the system allows different volumes of air into or out of the air spring during the refreshment time periods . | 1 |
Please download the newest version here. RhizoVision Explorer is free and open-source software developed for estimating root traits from images acquired from a flatbed scanner or camera. Root images are expected to have a high contrast of roots with the background, homogenous lighting, and minimal overlapping of roots. The software is built in C++ for speed and stability, using QT for the graphical user interface and OpenCV for image processing. Traits extracted by RhizoVision Explorer have been extensively validated using a physical copper wire ground truth image set, thousands of simulated roots, and comparisons with other image analysis software. The default “Broken Roots” mode is meant for roots washed out from soil cores or pots that are disconnected and provides length, volume, branching frequency, among other features, with the ability to bin measurements based on diameter thresholds. The “Whole Root” mode extracts additional root system architecture features of more intact root systems, especially excavated root crowns or rhizoboxes, such as the convex hull, angles, and holes. The software supports multiple regions of interest, batch mode, and user-defined export of processed images with overlaid features for use in reports. A brief demo of the software is available on YouTube. Minimum requirements: Windows 10 or 8 operating system, an Intel or AMD x86_64 processor, and 8 GB of RAM. If the processor supports Intel AVX 2.0, the code is optimized. License: You can redistribute it and/or modify it as permissible under the Noble General Public License. Source code: The source code is available on GitHub. Citation: The software creators humbly request you cite the software and manuscript if used for data presented in presentations and publications. When citing the software, please use the DOI for the version you used for reproducibility. Seethepalli, A. and York L. M. (2020). RhizoVision Explorer - Interactive software for generalized root image analysis designed for everyone (Version 2.0.2). Zenodo. http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4095629 The preprint for the manuscript that describes and validates RhizoVision Explorer can be cited as: Seethepalli, A., Dhakal, K., Griffiths, M., Guo, H., Freschet, G. T., York, L. M. (2021). RhizoVision Explorer: Open-source software for root image analysis and measurement standardization. bioRxiv: 2021.2004.2011.439359. doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.04.11.439359 Please consider sharing your datasets, statistical analysis code, and even the settings files used for RhizoVision Explorer in a publicly accessible repository, such as Zenodo, DataDryad, Figshare, CyVerse Data Commons, or other. Installing the program: Download RhizoVisionExplorer-2.0.2-windows-x64.zip below and uncompress the ZIP file to a local directory and run RhizoVisionExplorer.exe. You may be prompted to confirm the security of the application by Windows Defender or other applications. An illustrated manual is included in the manual folder of the RVE download as a PDF. The imageexamples folder includes PNG files of wheat root crowns taken with the RhizoVision Crown platform and JPG files of scanned disconnected wheat roots at 600 DPI for testing purposes. Please contact the creators with concerns or comments: Anand Seethepalli Computer Vision Analyst [email protected] [email protected] Larry M. York Assistant Professor [email protected] | 9 |
a process for chrome plating a non - ferrous object includes copper plating the non - ferrous object which has had burrs and surface irregularities removed . the surface of the copper plated object is smoothed , and copper plate irregularities removed , by moving dry abrasive media over the object for a pre - determined period of time . typically , this is done by placing the copper plated object into a finishing machine having dry abrasive media therein . the object is then chrome plated . | 2 |
a tonneau cover is arranged to mount on the truck box of a conventional pick up truck for enclosing the box . the cover comprises a pair of panels which are pivotally mounted on respective sides of the box . the panels extend laterally inward such that free ends of the panels engage each other in a closed position . the panels may be pivoted upward and secured in an upward orientation by a pair of rails connected between the free ends of the respective panels in an extended position of the panels . the panels form a pair of side walls in the extended position for supporting large cargo in the box . the rails form a rack in the extended position for supporting additional cargo thereon . a locking device secures the panels in the closed position while a plurality of struts provides additional support to the panels when pivoting the panels between the closed and extended positions . | 1 |
methods , systems , and products route communications according to schedules . when an incoming communication is detected , a schedule is retrieved that is associated with a recipient &# 39 ; s address . a time associated with the communication is compared to entries in the schedule . if a match is determined , then an alternate destination may be chosen . | 7 |
a method of determining the effect of formation porosity on formation resistivity and parameters derived from the formation resistivity is described , including the step of determining for a depth interval a heterogeneity measure ; and using a pre - defined relation to transform the heterogeneity measure into an algebraic term determining the effect of the formation porosity on the formation resistivity , based for example on archie &# 39 ; s law or similar relations . | 6 |
Membership determination of open clusters in high-noise environments is still an open question. This paper aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the Gaussian mixture model (GMM) in segregating likely cluster members of open clusters in high-noise environments. We use the GMM method to segregate likely cluster members of four low Galactic latitude open clusters: NGC 2112, NGC 2477, NGC 7789, and Collinder 261, based on the high-precision astrometric data of the Gaia Data Release 2 (Gaia-DR2). The GMM method is used to calculate the membership probabilities of the stars in the field of each cluster; five astrometric parameters (positions, parallaxes, and proper motions) are taken into account. We quantitatively evaluate the goodness of the cluster-field segregation for each cluster, and find that the GMM method is effective for segregating likely cluster members of these clusters, even if these clusters suffer from heavy field star contamination. We estimate the distances and absolute proper motions of these clusters using reliable cluster members; our results suggest the existence of a significant zero-point offset in Gaia-DR2 parallaxes. NGC 2112, NGC 2477, NGC 7789, and Collinder 261 are found to have a mean distance of < D> =1104+/- 4,1437+/- 2,2067+/- 4 and 2802 ± 21 pc, respectively. Mean proper motions of (< {μ }<SUB>α </SUB>\cos δ > , < {μ }<SUB>δ </SUB>> )=(-2.714+/- 0.012,4.272+/- 0.012), (-2.449 ± 0.006,0.876 ± 0.006), (-0.919 ± 0.004,-1.938 ± 0.004), and (-6.348 ± 0.006,-2.714 ± 0.006) mas/yr are determined for NGC 2112, NGC 2477, NGC 7789, and Collinder 261, respectively. | 9 |
The upcoming Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope will carry out a wide-area survey in the near-infrared. A key science objective is the measurement of cosmic structure via weak gravitational lensing. Roman data will be undersampled, which introduces new challenges in the measurement of source galaxy shapes; a potential solution is to use linear algebra-based coaddition techniques such as IMCOM that combine multiple undersampled images to produce a single oversampled output mosaic with a desired 'target' point spread function (PSF). We present here an initial application of IMCOM to 0.64 square degrees of simulated Roman data, based on the Roman branch of the Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST) Dark Energy Science Collaboration (DESC) Data Challenge 2 (DC2) simulation. We show that IMCOM runs successfully on simulated data that includes features such as plate scale distortions, chip gaps, detector defects, and cosmic ray masks. We simultaneously propagate grids of injected sources and simulated noise fields as well as the full simulation. We quantify the residual deviations of the PSF from the target (the 'leakage'), as well as noise properties of the output images; we discuss how the overall tiling pattern as well as Moiré patterns appear in the final leakage and noise maps. We include appendices on interpolation algorithms and the interaction of undersampling with image processing operations that may be of broader applicability. The companion paper ('Paper II') explores the implications for weak lensing analyses. | 9 |
the combination of an appliance with an internet mode of operation which is capable of being connected to the internet and of displaying a web page with at least one link identified by a number . access to the corresponding links is accomplished through an input device having a user - actuatable control with a number corresponding to each link on the web page . | 7 |
an appliance door latch provides a rotating hook supported on a linear carriage that may move along a line toward and away from a strike . a release of the strike from the rotating hook requires a compression of springs biasing the linear carriage which are then retained in a compressed state by a catch surface on the rotating hook . re - engagement of the strike with the rotating hook releases the catch surface , causing the springs to pull the rotating hook and strike inward to aid in compressing a door gasket or the like . | 4 |
method of solar heating and cooling in a building of the type having insulated opaque and vision glass areas , including orienting the vision glass so as to avoid solar exposure , while shading said vision glass with a series of heat collecting panels and circulating fluid in adsorbent communication with said collectors for use in winter heating and summer cooling systems . the method is distinguished both in its orienting of shading , according to latitude , as well as blocking or cutting off of circulating fluid from said collectors , except under conditions of solar exposure . | 8 |
a document management system separates building information into a variety of data sets . each data set has at least one common attribute that links it to all other types of data sets for the building . the information for maintaining the building is stored in a manner allowing users to retrieve only selective information from a vast amount of stored information . users can query and retrieve data sets in a vast number of combinations relating to a specific building , or floor , room , system or system component in the building . | 6 |
a portable optical device for transmitting an image to the eye of an observer , includes : a display disposed on the same side of the observer &# 39 ; s head as the eye , so as to emit the image in front of the observer &# 39 ; s head ; an ocular dioptric surface ; and redirection elements for guiding the image towards the dioptric surface . the device is disposed such that the image strikes the dioptric surface originating from the side of the nose in relation to the eye and the dioptric surface then reflects the image towards the eye . such a device is particularly suitable for the production of glasses that can be used to display a virtual or augmented reality . | 6 |
a compact resistive thermal sensor is provided for an integrated circuit , wherein different sensor components are placed on different layers of the ic . this allows the lateral area needed for the sensor resistance wire on any particular ic layer to be selectively reduced . in a useful embodiment , a conductive element extending between first and second layers for connecting said first and second conductive paths into a single continuous conductive path having a resistance that varies with temperature . the sensor is responsive to electric current sent through said continuous path for determining temperature proximate to said continuous path from said path resistance . | 6 |
the invention relates to a diesel engine comprising a device for controlling the flow of injected fuel with at least one fuel injector supplying a combustion chamber , controlled by a processor provided with means for controlling a series of operations of the injector of differing durations , means for measuring a minimal activation time between the issuing of a command and the beginning of an injection and means for subsequently controlling the injector as a function of the measured minimal activation time . according to the invention , the engine is characterized in comprising means for determining the heat output brought about by the mixture of air and fuel injected into the chamber and to measure the minimum activation time using said determinations . | 5 |
a vacuum part handling device , attached to a robot , serially picks up magazine - loaded brackets and passes them over a double - sided adhesive tape applicator . a strip of tape is secured to a bracket flange and the robot moves the vacuum - held bracket to a final location . the handling device urges the taped flange against a structural member where it is temporarily attached at a precise position enabling accurate automatic insertion of fasteners . | 1 |
the foldable carrier comprises first elongate flexible layers that has a first thickness with longitudinal opposite side edges . a second elongate layer is made of a porous soft material that has a second thickness and is secured to the first elongate flexible layer . the second thickness is substantially greater than the first thickness . a first stretcher side section is secured to a first carrier layer and is pivotally attached to one of the side edges of the first elongate flexible layer . the first stretcher side section is movable between an expanded position and a folded position so that the first carrier layer is movable towards the first elongate flexible layer to face the first elongate flexible layer when the first stretcher side section is in the folded position . the first elongate layer and the first carrier layer form a continuous uninterrupted surface attached to the second elongate flexible layer and the first stretcher side section . | 0 |
a control device for a multi - cylinder engine comprises , in addition to a sensor 11 for detecting reference rotational positions of the crank shaft 1 , an ionization current detector 41 for detecting the ionization current across a spark plug 33 of a cylinder . from the output of the sensor 11 , the microcomputer 40 discriminates the group of cylinders which are in the compression and the exhaust stroke . for a short period after the start of the engine , the group of cylinders in the compression and the exhaust stroke are ignited simultaneously . during this short period , the cylinder in the compression stroke is discriminated from the group of cylinders in the compression and the exhaust stroke , on the basis of the output of the ionization current detector 41 , and the number of succesive discriminations of the cylinder in the compression stroke is counted . when this number reaches a predetermined number n , a flag f is set , such that only the cylinder in the compression stroke is supplied with the ignition current thereafter . | 8 |
a key reading system including a key having a plurality of rows of reading positions , each reading position cooperating with a reading position in each other row to form a set of reading positions . the reading system includes a clock line which senses all but one of the total number of code combinations of each set as a clock pulse , thus eliminating the need for a separate clock pulse row . | 4 |
a computer implemented software device for estimating background tilt and offset is disclosed to preferably be adaptable to an optical measurement instrument wherein the estimated parameters are resolved to generate a reference plane to be subtracted from a height map of a phase profile . a set of histograms of heights is used to develop a merit function . a two - dimensional high speed iterative search is used to optimize the merit function to generate a reference plane coincident with the spatial tilt of the phase profile . the invention enables real - time measurement of substrate height for preferred use in high - speed image processing operations relating to circuit - board production lines . | 6 |
a sheet - fed rotary printing press for printing both the obverse and reverse side of a printing sheet . the printing press is provided with at least one obverse side printing unit including an impression cylinder and a discharge cylinder in contact therewith . the printing press is also provided with a reverse side printing unit in confrontation with the discharge cylinder . the discharge cylinder also functions as an impression cylinder for the reverse side printing . | 1 |
a labyrinth seal is provided for forming a seal between a first and a second component which rotate relative to each other . the seal has an abradable lining mounted to the first component , and a plurality of fins projecting from the second component . the fins are arranged in abutment with the abradable lining to form a labyrinthal path for a flow of air through the seal . the seal further has a bypass passage which extends through the abradable lining . the bypass passage allows air to flow through the seal and bypass the labyrinthal path . | 5 |
a high density integrated test probe and method of fabrication is described . a group of wires are ball bonded to contact locations on the surface of a fan out substrate . the wires are sheared off leaving a stub , the end of which is flattened by an anvil . before flattening a sheet of material having a group of holes is arranged for alignment with the group of stubs is disposed over the stubs . the sheet of material supports the enlarged tip . the substrate with stubs form a probe which is moved into engagement with contact locations on a work piece such as a drip or packaging substrate . | 7 |
the present invention relates to a xeroprinting process , in particular a xeroprinting process comprising the following steps : image - wise exposing to actinic radiation an electrostatic master having a photopolymerizable conductive layer to selectively polymerize and thereby increase resistivity in exposed areas of the layer ; forming a latent image of electrostatic charge by charging the master by corona discharge ; reversal developing the latent electrostatic image by depositing toner particles in the non - exposed areas of the layer ; transferring the toner image to another substrate and subsequent fusing ; resetting the process by cleaning and discharging the electrostatic master . according to a preferred embodiment the reversal development is effected by means of a development electrode inducing charges in the photopolymer plate opposite to the initial electrostatic image , and by means of dry electrophotographic toner . | 6 |
a process for separating dichlorotoluene isomers from a mixture containing at least two dichlorotoluene isomers comprising passing said mixture containing dichlorotoluene isomers through a mordenite having the following composition ; in molar ratios : a h 2 o : b m 2 / n o : al 2 o 3 : in which m is hydrogen or at least one cation selected from an alkali metal or an alkaline - earth metal with the exception of cesium and rubidium , n is the valence of m , 0 . 7 ≦ a + b ≦ 1 . 1 , and 0 ≦ b ≦ 0 . 2 , separating the non - adsorbed dichlorotoluenes from said mordenite , contacting said mordenite containing the adsorbed isomers with a desorbent capable of separating said isomers from said mordenite , and separating the desorbed isomers from the desorbent . | 2 |
a method for decoding a bitstream comprising the steps of generating a first field picture in response to a frame picture of a first bitstream , generating a second field picture in response to the frame picture of the first bitstream and generating a second bitstream containing the first field picture and the second field picture . | 7 |
a memory device test circuit and method are described . these operate to maintain a local phase signal active over multiple row activate commands . as a result , an arbitrary number of word lines may be activated together , in an arbitrary order and in arbitrary locations , in response to user - programmable instructions . this allows test sequences to be tailored after the memory device has been designed and can greatly reduce testing times for memory devices . | 6 |
Context. The details of cosmic-ray transport have a strong impact on galaxy evolution. The peak of the cosmic-ray energy distribution is observable in the radio continuum using the electrons as proxy. <BR /> Aims: We aim to measure the distance that the cosmic-ray electrons (CREs) are transported during their lifetime in the nearby galaxy M 51 across one order of magnitude in cosmic-ray energy (approximately 1-10 GeV). To this end, we use new ultra-low frequency observations from the LOw Frequency ARay (LOFAR) at 54 MHz and ancillary data between 144 and 8350 MHz. <BR /> Methods: As the CREs originate from supernova remnants, the radio maps are smoothed in comparison to the distribution of the star formation. By convolving the map of the star formation rate (SFR) surface density with a Gaussian kernel, we can linearise the radio-SFR relation. The best-fitting convolution kernel is then our estimate of the CRE transport length. <BR /> Results: We find that the CRE transport length increases at low frequencies, as expected since the CRE have longer lifetimes. The CRE transport length is l<SUB>CRE</SUB> = √4Dt<SUB>syn</SUB>, where D is the isotropic diffusion coefficient and t<SUB>syn</SUB> is the CRE lifetime as given by synchrotron and inverse Compton losses. We find that the data can be well fitted by diffusion, where D = (2.14 ± 0.13)×10<SUP>28</SUP> cm<SUP>2</SUP> s<SUP>−1</SUP>. With D ∝ E<SUP>0.001 ± 0.185</SUP>, the diffusion coefficient is independent of the CRE energy E in the range considered. <BR /> Conclusions: Our results suggest that the transport of GeV-cosmic ray electrons in the star-forming discs of galaxies is governed by energy-independent diffusion. <P />Map fits are only available at the CDS via anonymous ftp to <A href="http://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr">cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr</A> (ftp://130.79.128.5) or via <A href="https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/672/A21">https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/672/A21</A> | 9 |
disclosed is an improved switch particularly adapted to be used as a coaxial cable switch for cable television systems because of its superior isolation of the signal inputs . the switch comprises an electrically insulating body , first , second and third terminals located on the body in spaced relationship , a movably mounted contact , which is movable along a predetermined path to form alternative conductive paths between the first terminal and either of the second or third terminals , and a partition means between said terminals and located adjacent the path of the contact to form a barrier to radiated signals from whichever of the second and third terminals that is not in contact with the movable contact . additionally , terminating means for the unused terminal and / or shielding means to further isolate the unused terminal from the used terminal can be provided . | 7 |
an electronic alarm clock connected to one or more networks comprises : a network communications device , wherein the network device receives content from the networks ; a touch screen ; one or more speakers ; and a local storage device , wherein a clock function is provided , wherein an alarm function is provided that plays user specified content at a user specified time on said screen and the speakers , and wherein a physical button is disposed on the clock to manage the alarm function during an alarm . | 6 |
a resilient article includes an enclosure extending about a filler material of resilient foam pieces . the pieces have multiple , distinct surfaces defined by angular edges with the surfaces and edges of adjacent pieces cooperating to inhibit movement between the pieces to prevent packing which would utlimately cause a reduction in the resiliency of the article . | 1 |
Massive, rapidly spinning magnetar remnants produced as a result of binary neutron-star (BNS) mergers may deposit a fraction of their energy into the surrounding kilonova ejecta, powering a synchrotron radio signal from the interaction of the ejecta with the circumburst medium. Here, we present 6.0 GHz Very Large Array (VLA) observations of nine, low-redshift short gamma-ray bursts (GRBs; z < 0.5) on rest-frame timescales of ≈2.4-13.9 yr following the bursts. We place 3σ limits on radio continuum emission of F<SUB>ν</SUB> ≲ 6-20 μJy at the burst positions, or L<SUB>ν</SUB> ≲ (0.6-8.3) × 10<SUP>28</SUP> erg s<SUP>-1</SUP> Hz<SUP>-1</SUP>. Comparing these limits with new light-curve modeling that properly incorporates relativistic effects, we obtain limits on the energy deposited into the ejecta of E<SUB>ej</SUB> ≲ (0.6-6.7) × 10<SUP>52</SUP> erg ( ${E}_{\mathrm{ej}}\lesssim (1.8\mbox{--}17.6)\times {10}^{52}$ erg) for an ejecta mass of 0.03 M<SUB>⊙</SUB> (0.1 M<SUB>⊙</SUB>). We present a uniform reanalysis of 27 short GRBs with 5.5-6.0 GHz observations, and find that ≳50% of short GRBs did not form stable magnetar remnants in their mergers. Assuming short GRBs are produced by BNS mergers drawn from the Galactic BNS population plus an additional component of high-mass GW194025-like mergers in a fraction f<SUB>GW190425</SUB> of cases, we place constraints on the maximum mass of a nonrotating neutron star (NS; Tolman-Oppenheimer-Volkoff mass; M<SUB>TOV</SUB>), finding ${M}_{{\rm{T}}{\rm{O}}{\rm{V}}}\lesssim 2.23\,{M}_{\odot }$ for f<SUB>GW190425</SUB> = 0.4; this limit increases for larger values of f<SUB>GW190425</SUB>. The detection (or lack thereof) of radio remnants in untargeted surveys such as the VLA Sky Survey (VLASS) could provide more stringent constraints on the fraction of mergers that produce stable remnants. If $\gtrsim \,30\mbox{--}300$ radio remnants are discovered in VLASS, this suggests that short GRBs are a biased population of BNS mergers in terms of the stability of the remnants they produce. | 9 |
a paper machine has a headbox provided with a slice through which a pulp suspension discharges from the headbox , this slice being defined in part by an upper lip frame . the pulp suspension flows to the slice from a distribution header and a turbulence passage assembly which receives the pulp stock from the distribution header and continues the flow thereof toward the slice . an air tank is provided for containing air under pressure to act on the flowing pulp stock so as to damp pressure fluctuations in the pulp suspension flow , and this air tank is connected in part to the upper lip frame of the slice so that the pressure in the air tank will act on the pulp suspension in the immediate vicinity of the slice . | 3 |
a protection sleeve is provided for a wire rope to prevent the wire rope from contacting other components in an oil and gas operation . the protection sleeve , in some embodiments , has a body that substantially corresponds to the wire portion of the wire rope , and the protection sleeve has specialized flaps at the ends of the body that correspond to thimble eyes of the wire rope . the protection sleeve may have a variety of configurations to accommodate different aspects of a wire rope or any other device that necessitates protection . | 1 |
there is provided a data migrating method including the steps of : calculating , in a case where data stored in a volume is migrated to another volume , a required period of time for migrating the data based on a size of data to be migrated and volume configuration information on the volume in which the migrated data is stored and the volume to which the data is to be migrated ; determining a start time at which the data migration starts to generate a volume migration plan ; setting a priority of the generated volume migration plan ; prioritizing , in a case where a periods of time during which the generated volume migration plan is executed and a period of time during which an existing volume migration plan is executed are overlapped with each other , and changing the start time of at least one of those volume migration plans having a lower priority . | 6 |
Large-scale bars can fuel galaxy centers with molecular gas, often leading to the development of dense ringlike structures where intense star formation occurs, forming a very different environment compared to galactic disks. We pair ~0.″3 (30 pc) resolution new JWST/MIRI imaging with archival ALMA CO(2-1) mapping of the central ~5 kpc of the nearby barred spiral galaxy NGC 1365 to investigate the physical mechanisms responsible for this extreme star formation. The molecular gas morphology is resolved into two well-known bright bar lanes that surround a smooth dynamically cold gas disk (R <SUB>gal</SUB> ~ 475 pc) reminiscent of non-star-forming disks in early-type galaxies and likely fed by gas inflow triggered by stellar feedback in the lanes. The lanes host a large number of JWST-identified massive young star clusters. We find some evidence for temporal star formation evolution along the ring. The complex kinematics in the gas lanes reveal strong streaming motions and may be consistent with convergence of gas streamlines expected there. Indeed, the extreme line widths are found to be the result of inter-"cloud" motion between gas peaks; SCOUSEPY decomposition reveals multiple components with line widths of <σ <SUB>CO,scouse</SUB>> ≈ 19 km s<SUP>-1</SUP> and surface densities of $\langle \,{{\rm{\Sigma }}}_{{{\rm{H}}}_{2},\mathrm{scouse}}\rangle \,\approx \,800\,{M}_{\odot }\,{\mathrm{pc}}^{-2}$ , similar to the properties observed throughout the rest of the central molecular gas structure. Tailored hydrodynamical simulations exhibit many of the observed properties and imply that the observed structures are transient and highly time-variable. From our study of NGC 1365, we conclude that it is predominantly the high gas inflow triggered by the bar that is setting the star formation in its CMZ. | 9 |
a method of determining a barometric pressure of atmosphere , in which an internal combustion engine of a vehicle is located includes monitoring operating parameters of the internal combustion engine and the vehicle , determining a healthy status of an air filter of the internal combustion engine , and calculating the barometric pressure based on the operating parameters and the healthy status of the air filter . | 5 |
We discuss the chemical pre-conditions for planet formation, in terms of gas and ice abundances in a protoplanetary disk, as function of time and position, and the resulting chemical composition and cloud properties in the atmosphere when young gas giant planets form. Large deviations between the abundances of the host star and its gas giants seem likely to occur if the planet formation follows the core-accretion scenario. These deviations stem from the separate evolution of gas and dust in the disk, where the dust forms the planet cores, followed by the final run-away accretion of the left-over gas. ProDiMo protoplanetary disk models are used to predict the chemical evolution of gas and ice in the midplane. We find that cosmic rays play a crucial role in slowly un-blocking the CO, where the liberated oxygen forms water, which then freezes out quickly. Therefore, the C/O ratio in the gas phase is found to gradually increase with time, in a region bracketed by the water and CO ice-lines. In this regions, C/O is found to approach unity after about 5 Myrs, scaling with the cosmic ray ionisation rate. We then explore how the atmospheric chemistry and cloud properties in young gas giants are affected when the non-solar C/O ratios predicted by the disk models are assumed. The DRIFT cloud formation model is applied to study the formation of atmospheric clouds under the influence of varying primordial element abundances and its feedback onto the local gas. We demonstrate that element depletion by cloud formation plays a crucial role in converting an oxygen-rich atmosphere gas into carbon-rich gas when non-solar, primordial element abundances are considered as suggested by disk model. | 9 |
a fin collar having a shape that enhances flux application and brazing clad flow into the tube to fin joint to provide an improved thermal and structural bond . | 5 |
a toilet seat repositioning device which is comprised of a handle flexibly attached to the toilet seat by various means and which extends beyond the periphery of said seat to provide relief from contact with the underside of said seat and / or bowl rim when repositioning of the toilet seat occurs . restrictive features are utilized to constrain flexibility allowing handle to be load bearing . | 0 |
The on-going Arecibo Pulsar-ALFA (PALFA) survey began in 2004 and is searching for radio pulsars in the Galactic plane at 1.4 GHz. Here we present a comprehensive description of one of its main data reduction pipelines that is based on the PRESTO software and includes new interference-excision algorithms and candidate selection heuristics. This pipeline has been used to discover 40 pulsars, bringing the survey’s discovery total to 144 pulsars. Of the new discoveries, eight are millisecond pulsars (MSPs; P\lt 10 ms) and one is a Fast Radio Burst (FRB). This pipeline has also re-detected 188 previously known pulsars, 60 of them previously discovered by the other PALFA pipelines. We present a novel method for determining the survey sensitivity that accurately takes into account the effects of interference and red noise: we inject synthetic pulsar signals with various parameters into real survey observations and then attempt to recover them with our pipeline. We find that the PALFA survey achieves the sensitivity to MSPs predicted by theoretical models but suffers a degradation for P≳ 100 ms that gradually becomes up to ∼10 times worse for P\gt 4 {{s}} at {DM}\lt 150 pc cm<SUP>-3</SUP>. We estimate 33 ± 3% of the slower pulsars are missed, largely due to red noise. A population synthesis analysis using the sensitivity limits we measured suggests the PALFA survey should have found 224 ± 16 un-recycled pulsars in the data set analyzed, in agreement with the 241 actually detected. The reduced sensitivity could have implications on estimates of the number of long-period pulsars in the Galaxy. | 9 |
in accordance with one embodiment , a pick - up tool includes an elongated hollow body having first and second pick - up fingers extending divergently outward from a distal end of the body . engagement elements , such as rubber cups , may be individually located at terminating outer ends of each of the first and second pick - up fingers . the pick - up tool further includes first and second linkages respectively extending from the first and second pick - up fingers . a lighting element is coupled to the body , a magnet is coupled to the first linkage , and a switch , preferably a reed switch is coupled to the distal end of the body . the switch causes the lighting element to emit light for a predetermined period of time upon detecting the magnet at an effectively close distance relative to the switch . a lever or trigger pivotally coupled to the body may be used for drawing the first and second linkages rearward , causing the engagement elements to move closer together , and substantially simultaneously causing the magnet to effectively actuate the switch . | 4 |
a plunger rod for medical packaging such as syringe barrels or cartridges . the plunger rod includes a first and a second plunger rod end , a torsional axis , and at least one component . each component includes at least one cross sectional surface which is located at a distance from the torsional axis and increases a bending - and torsional rigidity of the plunger rod . | 0 |
a frame carries a variable flow scent dispenser and supports an air filter . the frame , dispenser and filter are to be inserted as a unit into a forced air heating and / or cooling system duct adjacent to the duct outlet through a floor or wall register . the filter is in the form of a two - ply fibrous sheet with an opening between the plies to receive the frame and dispenser . the filter collects dirt particles borne by the warm air as it leaves the duct and is quickly and easily replaceable . the scent dispenser is a container for scented air freshening material and has apertures through opposite walls , which walls are disposed transversely to the direction of airflow , permitting warm airflow through the container . the warm air will cause evaporation from the scented material and will entrain the vaporous scent and disperse the scent throughout the room . a slide is adjustable to increase or decrease the aggregate area of the apertures in one of the apertured container walls so that the intensity of the air freshening scent carried into the room can be controlled . | 8 |
a sealed wheel case for use on a vibrating aggregate processing device comprises a housing sized to hold a rotatable wheel supported on a shaft , the housing having a base , a peripheral sidewall , and a cover . the cover includes an aperture adapted to receive therethrough a driven portion of the shaft . a seal is disposed adjacent the shaft and the aperture , and an annular baffle is mounted to an inside surface of the cover and extends into the wheel case . the annular baffle is positioned on the inside surface of the cover to generally surrounding the shaft and the seal , and a plurality of attachment bolts are arranged to secure the housing to the frame . | 8 |
an energy conversion system includes rotor , stator and shell components configurations for increasing power efficiency and improving replacement and repair efficiency . the system harvests environmental energy for lower power generation and accounts for non - mechanical sources of rotational resistance within the generator . | 7 |
We report new observations of 'Hanny's Voorwerp' (hereafter HV) taken from the second data release of the LOFAR Two-metre Sky Survey (LoTSS). HV is a highly-ionized region in the environs of the galaxy IC2497, first discovered by the Galaxy Zoo project. The new 150 MHz observations are considered in the context of existing multi frequency radio data and archival narrow-band imaging from the Hubble Space Telescope, centred on the [O III] emission line. The combined sensitivity and spatial resolution of the LoTSS data - which far exceed what was previously available at radio frequencies - reveal clear evidence for large-scale extended emission emanating from the nucleus of IC2497. The radio jet appears to have punched a hole in the neutral gas halo, in a region co-located with HV. The new 150 MHz data, alongside newly-processed archival 1.64 GHz eVLA data, reveal that the extended emission has a steep spectrum, implying an age >10<SUP>8</SUP> yr. The jet supplying the extended 150 MHz structure must have 'turned off' long before the change in X-ray luminosity reported in recent works. In this picture, a combination of jet activity and the influence of the radiatively efficient active galactic nucleus are responsible for the unusual appearance of HV. | 9 |
R Package with a collection of common methods to determine growing season length in a simple manner. Start and end dates of the vegetation periods are calculated solely based on daily mean temperatures and the day of the year. | 9 |
this specification discloses a method and article of manufacture transformed during the method to help keep lenders maintain the financial relationship with the buyer after the buyer has left the lender &# 39 ; s contact . the method disclosed is based upon a lender issuing a coupon to buyer to take to a seller , the coupon indicating to the seller that the buyer has at least inquired about a loan and may even be pre - approved for a loan to buy goods from the seller . after the buyer inspects the seller &# 39 ; s goods , and hopefully purchases the goods with funds from the lender , the coupon is then validated and redeemed to the buyer . the buyer receives a redemption item corresponding to the level of the transaction with the highest redemption value corresponding to purchasing the goods from the seller with funds by the lender . | 6 |
a metal induction forming method includes providing a metal sheet , cold forming the metal sheet by applying shaping pressure to the metal sheet , heating the metal sheet while applying shaping pressure to the metal sheet and quenching the metal sheet . | 1 |
a hardness tester for measuring hardness of a material by pressing an indenter attached to the lower end of a load application shaft into the test specimen . a reference cylinder is coaxially and slidably fitted around the load application shaft , and a datum plane , to be in contact with the specimen , is formed at the lower end of the reference cylinder , so as to limit the penetration depth of the indenter into the specimen to a predetermined constant depth . a stop device is provided for regulating the descending of the load application shaft relative to the reference cylinder . a load detector for hardness measurement is interposed on the load application shaft , to measure the hardness of the specimen by measuring the force applied to produce an indentation of a predetermined size on it . | 6 |
a method and device for the insertion of a vertebral cage that may be done through a posterior approach that is minimally traumatic and does not require retraction of the spinal cord , dural sac or spinal nerves . the insertion of the cage may therefore be parallel to the spinal cord and the cage will be rotated ninety degrees in the vertebral body defect or as applicable to achieve its proper positioning before expansion . | 0 |
a novel process for the preparation of polyene compounds useful as coloring agents in foods , cosmetics , and pharmaceutical preparations . novel polyenes are also disclosed . the present invention relates to polyene compounds . more particularly , the invention is concerned with novel carotenoid polyene compounds , derivatives thereof and a process for their manufacture . | 2 |
it has long been assumed in physics that for information to travel in empty space between two parties , “ physically real ” entities have to travel between the parties . the recently discovered technique of interaction - free measurement — wherein the presence of an object is inferred without the object directly interacting with the interrogating light — has caused this basic assumption to be questioned . this technique has found application in quantum key distribution in the form of counterfactual quantum key distribution albeit with limited efficiency . in the present invention , using the “ chained ” quantum zeno effect , this logic is taken to its natural conclusion and , in the ideal limit , information can be transferred between the sender and the receiver without any physical particles whatsoever traveling between them . | 7 |
This release contains the code associated with the publication by X. Ba et al (2023) "Cryptic susceptibility to penicillins and beta-lactamase inhibitors in emerging multidrug-resistant, hospital-adapted Staphylococcus epidermidis lineages" | 9 |
the invention is directed to an arrangement for generating intensive radiation based on a plasma , particularly short - wavelength radiation from soft x - ray radiation to extreme ultraviolet radiation . the object of the invention is to find a novel possibility for generating radiation generated from plasma in which the individual pulse energy coupled into the plasma and , therefore , the usable radiation output are appreciably increased while retaining the advantages of mass - limited targets . according to the invention , this object is met in that the target generator has a multiple - channel nozzle with a plurality of separate orifices , wherein the orifices generate a plurality of target jets , the excitation radiation for generating plasma being directed simultaneously portion by portion to the target jets . | 7 |
there is disclosed apparatus for moving an optical element in an opto - mechanical system , comprising at least one circularly symmetric flexure surrounding said optical element , and means for moving said optical element along an axis perpendicular to and extending through the centre of said at least one flexure . a number of flexures may be provided in a stack with spacers therebetween , and the optical element may be mounted in a tubular member support by two paced apart stacks . means are also provided for damping end of movement vibrations . | 6 |
a display control apparatus which improves the visibility of a display unit having a normal display section and a normal non - display section provided outside the normal display section along its at least one side . when it is not sensed that the display unit is inclined at a predetermined angle to a horizontal surface , time information is displayed in a normal size on the normal display section . when it is sensed that the display unit is inclined at the predetermined angle to the horizontal surface , the time information is displayed in an enlarged size on a whole of the normal display and non - display sections for a predetermined time . | 6 |
an intravascular guide wire having two core materials joined together without the use of a connector tube or sleeve , the core materials being stainless steel and psuedoelastic metal alloy , nitinol . the core materials are joined to each other through an intermediate transition piece made essentially of nickel , which is welded on either side to the two core materials . in alternative embodiments , the intermediate piece may have different shapes to provide different strengths and advantages as may be required . | 0 |
a bracelet for displaying messages includes a continuous elastic band and at least one releasably attached message clip . the message clip has a body with a front surface and a rear surface with a flange extending about a periphery of the front surface forming a recessed area . a clip portion is connected to the body for releasably holding the body on the band . a message portion having a display surface with a message displayed thereon is mounted on the body and received in the recessed area wherein the message is visible . | 6 |
a transportable apparatus for shelter comprising two sections , a base section and a top section . the base section and the top section have cavities that can be filled with water or are pre - filled with foam . the top section may be cone - shaped or dome - shaped , and is dimensioned to be placed on the base section . after the top section is placed on the base section , the top section can be secured to the base section via bolts . finally , both the top section and bottom section are divided into sections such that if one section develops a leak the other sections remain unaffected . | 8 |
according to the present invention , there is provided a cylinder head for a multi - cylinder internal combustion engine , comprising : a bottom wall having an upper face which defines a waterjacket , the bottom wall having spaced recessed wall portions which have lower faces defining upper spaces of adjacent combustion chambers , the bottom wall having a bottom wall portion formed between the recessed wall portions to divide the upper spaces of the adjacent combustion chambers ; and slit means formed on the upper face of the bottom wall portion and extending within the bottom wall portion toward a lower face of the bottom wall portion . | 5 |
there is disclosed a digital loop circuit for controlling synchronization around a closed loop communication system . the control circuit is designed to automatically adjust the delay of the loop to maintain a constant frame bit length without regard to the number of stations connected into the loop . as stations are added or subtracted from the loop , the system operates to add or subtract delay as necessary . a fifo register having a bit capacity equal to the frame size is inserted serially in the loop and a separate clock is used to control the input and the output of the fifo register . if a unique frame bit is not received in the anticipated position the output fifo clock skips one count per frame thereby adding delay to the loop . the loop control circuit operates for situations where the framing bit is on a separate channel and also when the framing bit is on the actual data channel . | 7 |
an image forming apparatus that detects a type of recording sheet and sets an image forming condition in accordance with the detected type of sheet includes a feeding unit that feeds a sheet , an image forming unit that forms an image on a sheet , and a reading unit that reads a picture of a surface of a sheet . a discriminating unit discriminates whether re - reading is necessary , on the basis of the picture . if so , another unit changes a reading condition of the reading unit and causes the reading unit to re - read the picture of the surface of the sheet . a detecting unit detects a type of sheet on the basis of the picture read by the reading unit , and a controlling unit controls an image forming condition on the basis of the result of the detection . | 7 |
this invention provides a fluid fitting made up of telescoping sleeves providing an annular space therebetween adapted to receive the end of a tube . the outer sleeve is attached to the inner sleeve by being deflected around annular ridges at one end of the inner sleeve . the sleeves are attached to the tube by swaging the outer sleeve so as to grip the tube between the two sleeves . grooves in the inner sleeve provide corners which dig into the inner surface of the tube and provide seals and retention , while recesses in the outer sleeve receive deflected material of the tube to prevent rotation . | 8 |
a three cylinder engine includes a vibration alleviation unit for alleviating vibrations in a vehicle . the vibration alleviation unit is disposed at least one of upon the crankshaft and upon a part that operates in unison with the crankshaft . the three cylinder is supported by engine mounts that are positioned upon at least both ends of the engine in the direction of the crankshaft axis . given that k v and k h represent spring constants of one of the engine mounts in the pitch and yaw directions of the crankshaft , m v and m h represent components of a primary couple that occurs in the three cylinder engine in the pitch and yaw directions , and m v0 represents the sum of m v and m h , then spring constants of the engine mounts are set such that k v & gt ; k h and the vibration alleviation unit is set so as to satisfy the condition 0 & lt ; m v / m v0 & lt ; 0 . 5 . | 5 |
Subsets and Splits
No saved queries yet
Save your SQL queries to embed, download, and access them later. Queries will appear here once saved.