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9452525 | Similarity of structural features and evolution of satellite DNAs from palorus subdepressus (Coleoptera) and related species | A novel highly abundant satellite prising 20% of the genome has been characterized in Palorus subdepressus (Insecta, Coleoptera). The 72-bp-long monomer sequence posed of two copies of T2A5T octanucleotide alternating with 22-nucleotide-long elements of an inverted repeat. Phylogenetic analysis revealed clustering of monomer sequence variants into two clades. Two types of variants are prevalently organized in an alternating pattern, thus showing a tendency to generate a plex repeating unit 144 bp in length. Fluorescent in situ hybridization revealed even distribution of the satellite in the region of pericentric heterochromatin of all 20 chromosomes. P. subdepressus satellite sequence is clearly species specific, lacking similarity even with the satellite from congeneric species P. ratzeburgii. However, on the basis of similarity in predicted tertiary structure induced by intrinsic DNA curvature and in repeat length, P. subdepressus satellite can be classified into the same group with satellites from related tenebrionid species P. ratzeburgii, Tenebrio molitor, and T. obscurus. It can be reasonably inferred that repetitive sequences of different origin evolve under constraints to adopt and conserve particular features. Obtained results suggest that the higher-order structure and repeat length, but not the nucleotide sequence itself, are maintained through evolution of these species. |
9452526 | An alphoid-like satellite DNA sequence is present in the genome of a lacertid lizard. | A PstI DNA family was isolated from the genome of a lacertid, Lacerta graeca. The 185-bp monomeric unit (pGPS) was cloned and hybridized to DNAs and chromosomes of several lacertid species. The data showed that pGPS hybridizes to the (1) centromeric or pericentromeric heterochromatin of almost all the chromosomes of L. graeca and (2) genomic DNA of species phylogenetically related and unrelated to L. graeca. The presence of pGPS even in species immunologically apart more than 30 million years suggests that this repeated family might be either very ancient or have been conserved during evolution due to its functional role. The latter hypothesis might be supported by the results of sequence analysis which showed some homology with both several alphoid sequences of primates and the CDEIII centromeric sequence of yeast. Segments of the satellite sequence are similar to the mammalian CENP-B box. These observations suggest that pGPS might have a role in determining the centromeric function in lacertid lizards. |
9452527 | Characterization of novel minisatellite repeat loci in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and their phylogenetic distribution. | We present here the sequence and characterization of various minisatellite-like tandem repeat loci isolated from the genome of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Their diversity of sequence and lack of core mon to minisatellites of other species suggest the presence of numerous and previously unidentified simple sequence repeat families in this salmonid. Evidence for their ubiquity was provided by screening of a salmon genomic library. Southern blot analysis of the phylogenetic distribution of a subset of the minisatellites found one sequence to be pervasive among vertebrates, others present only in Salmoninae or Salmonidae species, and one amplified only in Atlantic salmon. There is evidence for the positioning of microsatellite and minisatellite arrays in close proximity at many loci. Furthermore, one tandem repeat appears to have been inserted into the transposase coding region of a copy of the Tc1 transposon-like element recently identified in salmonids. |
9452528 | Microsatellite evolution: testing the ascertainment bias hypothesis. | Previous studies suggest the median allele length of microsatellites is longest in the species from which the markers were derived, suggesting that an ascertainment bias was operating. We have examined whether the size distribution of microsatellite alleles between sheep and cattle is source dependent using a set of 472 microsatellites that can be amplified in both species. For those markers that were polymorphic in both species we report a significantly greater number of markers (P < 0.001) with longer median allele sizes in sheep, regardless of microsatellite origin. This finding suggests that any ascertainment bias operating during microsatellite selection is only a minor contributor to the variation observed. |
9452531 | The diagnosis and management of vertical defects within the furcation. | This article describes mon varieties of osseous lesions within the furcation--hemifurcal and crescent-intrafurcal defects--and their appropriate management. Although hemifurcal lesions are difficult to assess both radiographically and clinically, once they are diagnosed, they can be readily resolvable using a self-regeneration procedure or an osseous graft. Crescent-intrafurcal defects are mon than hemifurcal lesions and can be discerned more easily on radiographs than clinically. The treatment of a crescent-intrafurcal defect focuses on minimizing the ponent. Self-regeneration or osseous grafting is considered an appropriate treatment course. |
9452533 | The use of a resin ionomer in the regenerative treatment of an interproximal lesion: a case report. | This article documents the clinical observations made in the course of a surgical procedure in which a resin ionomer was used as a barrier for guided tissue regeneration. The results indicate that this material appears to demonstrate potential in such procedures. |
9452534 | Controversies in clinical endodontics: Part 2. Single-appointment vs multiple-appointment treatment. | Endodontics is no stranger to controversies. For most of the first 50 years of the 20th century, a cloud hung over endodontic therapy of any kind, as problems with the focal infection theory were attributed to pulpless teeth causing a wide variety of maladies. Even recently, endodontic treatment has been attacked as being responsible for many chronic and acute illnesses, despite a multitude of information to the contrary. The controversies we discuss here, however, have nothing to do with the decision to treat, where we have no doubt as to the efficacy for therapy, but rather how such treatment should be rendered. Controversies have raged in the past, such as silver points vs gutta-percha as the canal filling material of choice, and to culture or not to culture, to name just two. The subjects discussed in this series of articles are those that e up much more recently or older topics that have returned as areas for disagreement: (1) lateral canals: filling and significance; (2) single-appointment vs multiple-appointment treatment; (3) filling from the open position; and (4) calculation of working length. This article addresses single-appointment vs multiple-appointment treatment. |
9452535 | An evaluation of operator preference of diamond burs in coronal tooth preparation. | Three postgraduate prosthodontic students served as clinicians/evaluators in a study rating their preferences for three different diamond cutting instruments from three manufacturers. Each evaluator prepared the axial walls plete veneer crowns on extracted molar teeth and then ranked their preference of the instruments. To prepare nine teeth, each of the three instruments was used in random order and without knowledge of the specific manufacturer. The methodology for analyzing the evaluators' preferences and the results are discussed. |
9452536 | Regenerative periodontal therapy in mucogingival surgery for root coverage. | This article illustrates the potential benefits of regenerative periodontal therapy in mucogingival surgery and esthetic dental treatment. Cases are described in which the treatment of soft-tissue recessions and root exposures are treated with surgical procedures where both clinical soft-tissue augmentation and the regeneration of periodontal attachment are obtained. Cases are also presented to illustrate the clinical application of guided tissue regeneration. Resorbable and nonresorbable barriers are placed over the root surface and bone and covered by the overlying flap, which allows the selective repopulation of the lesion by progenitor cells and the inhibition of a long junctional epithelium. Emphasis is placed on regenerative procedures in soft-tissue augmentation, particularly with respect to rationales, techniques, and indications. |
9452539 | An evaluation of intraoral lidocaine patches in reducing needle-insertion pain. | Intraoral lidocaine patches have recently been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for the production of topical anesthesia before superficial dental procedures and for the reduction of pain associated with local anesthetic injections. The results of this 5-center clinical study showed that lidocaine patches were significantly more efficacious than matching placebo patches in reducing the pain associated with 25-gauge needle insertions to the level of bone in the maxillary premolar region. Anesthetic onset occurred within 5 minutes and was present for the entire 15-minute period that the patches were in contact with the oral mucosa. In addition, the patches were safe and well tolerated by study participants. Other potential clinical applications of this novel delivery system are also discussed in this article. |
9452541 | Topical tetracycline: potential for allergic reaction or bacterial resistance. | The high incidence of allergic reactions to mon dental antibiotics, primarily topical penicillins, has led to general concerns about all topical antibiotics. The development of resistant bacterial strains and efforts to reserve key antibiotics for life-threatening infections have also limited topical use of antibiotics. Delivery technologies providing for site-specific drug delivery have renewed interest in the use of topical antimicrobials to treat adult periodontitis. Topical tetracycline has an extremely low sensitizing potential and is not one of the antibiotics reserved by the munity for use in life-threatening situations. Despite tetracycline's widespread dermatologic use and increasing use in adjunctive treatment of adult periodontitis, the incidence of allergic response to topical tetracycline is very low. Also, it is unlikely to cause resistance when used locally for short durations--particularly at the high per-site concentrations achieved with tetracycline periodontal fiber. Studies with tetracycline fiber showed no significant change in the tetracycline susceptibility of gram-negative periodontal microorganisms. |
9452543 | Clinical use of a bioactive glass particulate in the treatment of human osseous defects. | The dental practitioner has a wide choice of materials available for use in bone grafting procedures. A bioactive glass particulate possesses many favorable qualities not often found in other materials, including the ability to remain where placed even with adjacent suctioning; hemostasis; and incorporation into the host bone without the fibrous encapsulation encountered with most other synthetic materials. It is also quick and easy to prepare. This article reviews clinical experiences with PerioGlas in the setting of private practice periodontics, in which this material was used as the grafting material for periodontal defects, apicoectomies, cysts, and ridge augmentation and maintenance procedures, as well as for implant repairs. Several cases detail the advantages of this grafting material. |
9452544 | Local inflammatory effects of composite resins. | Composite resins have been widely used as an anterior restorative material and often have been used to restore posterior teeth. posites occasionally can e embedded in oral soft tissues during finishing or shaping procedures, which can lead to persistent chronic inflammation. Limited evaluation in animal model systems has shown that this entrapment in soft tissues can sometimes lead to local inflammation in adjacent soft tissues. Consequently, finishing and polishing procedures should be performed, where practical. |
9452545 | Effective tooth bleaching in 5 days: using a combined in-office and at-home bleaching system. | This pares the bleaching efficacy of bined at-home and in-office system with that of an in-office system alone. Twenty people participated in the study. Ten of these participants were treated with an in-office 35% carbamide peroxide bleaching product in 2 visits of 15 minutes each. The remaining participants were treated with bination at-home and in-office system that included a 15% carbamide peroxide at-home bleaching agent. After 5 days of treatment, the participants using bination system demonstrated increased tooth pared to those using the in-office system alone. Based on the sample size (20 patients), statistical significance was achieved. |
9452546 | Restorations using osseointegrated implants with resilient attachments. | This article presents a clinical report of the prosthodontic treatment of a patient with a partially edentulous mandible. Osseointegrated titanium implants and resilient attachments for overdentures were used to retain and stabilize a mandibular overdenture that restored the patient's occlusion. This provided a simple and economical solution to retention and stability problems for a patient with a partially edentulous mandible. |
9452547 | A review of dental literature on CD-ROM. | The JADA ON CD-ROM program is a single-title electronic reference resource covering journals published from 1990 through 1995. Features related to browsing and searching the archive and selected mendations for improving the program have been presented. In addition, several philosophical questions related to electronic product design and publishing have been raised. It is hoped that the ideas presented here will be considered when publishers attempt to improve on existing electronic reference products or create new ones. |
9452557 | Cutting costs in the dental practice. | Any business today that is not watching its costs--and is only spending dollars to advance the business--certainly will find itself in trouble. Dentistry is no different; but, we can move faster to keep this from happening. |
9452579 | Smaller practices can be profitable. | New technologies, new services and new patients all increase practice productivity and profitability. Larger-volume practices often ignore advanced technology because it requires time to present to patients. Smaller practices can use these technologies to increase case acceptance and usually have an average production per patient of two or three times that of the high-volume practice. Your ultimate goal is to enjoy practicing dentistry. True leaders create positive environments. Slow down the pace, increase the rewards, decrease the stress and get back to the thrill of dentistry. |
9452597 | Who are they and where do they live? | Marketing today is ing an ponent of the management of any practice. As dentistry es more and petitive, it is essential that people know who you are and what you stand for. This can only occur first if you know who they are and where they live. |
9452612 | Identifying overhead expenses. | Overhead could be dentistry's No. 1 enemy. As practices e more like corporate businesses, they will find that they need to streamline and slim down. This does not mean you should not invest in opportunity and growth, but that you should always analyze every dollar spent. If your overhead is not 10 percent below the national average, you may want to hire a professional consultant to keep you from losing as much as $40,000 to $50,000 per year in net e. Over 10 years, that is a significant amount of money when it is invested at a reasonable rate of return. |
9452614 | Successful bonding in orthodontics: 1. | Since it was first described in 1955, direct bonding of orthodontic attachments to the teeth has e routine in fixed appliance therapy. The technique used is deceptively simple: meticulous attention to detail and a thorough understanding of the factors involved are needed to ensure a successful e. |
9452615 | Oral myiasis: a case study. | This case reports an unusual finding of fly larvae infesting the maxillary hard and soft tissues (myiasis) following a chronic suppurating infection of dental origin in an Afro-Caribbean male. It also highlights the future therapeutic uses of such organisms in general medical, and possibly even dental, surgery. |
9452616 | Nifedipine-induced gingival overgrowth: remission following non-surgical therapy. | Gingival overgrowth is a well-known side-effect of nifedipine therapy. The altered gingival architecture can be disfiguring, aesthetically displeasing and cause fort during mastication. Traditional treatment is based on surgical resection of the overgrown tissue followed by maintenance therapy aimed at achieving a high standard of plaque control. This case report describes the non-surgical management of a patient presenting with nifedipine-induced gingival overgrowth. Establishment and maintenance of a considerably improved standard of plaque control led plete resolution of the overgrowth without recurrence, even though the medication dose was increased. The possible pathogenesis of nifedipine-induced gingival overgrowth is considered and the all-important role of plaque control emphasized. |
9452617 | Fourth molars: a clinical study. | Supernumerary teeth may be found in both the primary and permanent dentition, although they are mon in the permanent dentition. Presence of a fourth molar is rare, and such a tooth is almost invariably impacted. Dental practitioners should be aware of the possibility of encountering this rare supernumerary, its diagnosis and treatment. The authors of this article conducted a survey of patients in Montreal, looking specifically at the prevalence, aetiology, diagnosis, pathology and treatment of fourth molars. Their findings are reported here, pared with data from the literature over the past 15 years. |
9452618 | Endodontic retreatment. 2: Methods. | The best method for retreating a tooth that has already undergone root treatment will depend on the root filling technique and material used; bination of retreatment techniques may be required. The correct bined with the required equipment, skill and experience, are necessary to produce a high standard of retreatment and a successful result. In part 1 of this article, the indications and case selection for root canal retreatment were discussed; this article will now discuss the methods of retreatment available. |
9452619 | Sublingual ulceration associated with cementation of adhesive bridges. | The use of adhesive bridges is ing more popular as designs are refined and more effective agents are developed for cementation. However, the fitting of such bridges is very technique-sensitive; an ill-fitting bridge will cause fort and difficulty with oral hygiene. It is important that practitioners take the problems illustrated in this case report into account when fitting adhesive bridges. |
9452621 | An audit of antibiotic prescribing by general practitioners in the initial management of acute dental infection. | A sub-regional audit showed a high rate of referral of acute dentoalveolar infections as emergencies. In Torbay Hospital alone, 21 patients required admission following such referrals in a period of 3 months. A questionnaire was therefore sent out to all general medical and general dental practitioners in the area covered by Torbay Hospital in order to survey their choice of antibiotics in the initial management of acute dentoalveolar infections. The results showed that the prescribing patterns of general medical practitioners differed significantly from those of general dental practitioners and that practitioners were reluctant to prescribe metronidazole as a first choice, even in patients allergic to penicillin. The authors conclude that awareness about the use of antibiotics, particularly among general dental practitioners, needs to be increased. |
9452622 | Endodontic retreatment. 1: Indications and case selection. | Conventional root canal treatment, despite having a reportedly high success rate may not invariably lead to the desired healing response in clinical practice because of ings in the treatment. This is the first of two articles on this subject, and will cover indications and case selection for root canal retreatment. Part 2 will discuss methods of retreatment. |
9452623 | External cervical resorption: a case study using orthodontic extrusion. | A case is presented of external cervical resorption detected on routine 6-monthly examination. Following root canal therapy orthodontic extrusion and pericision, the tooth was restored using a radicular retained post and core supporting a porcelain bonded to gold full coverage crown. |
9452624 | Rhinolith in a patient with cleft palate: a case report. | Dental anomalies are well documented in patients with cleft palate, although reports of intranasal teeth in these patients are extremely rare. This paper discusses the case of a rhinolith associated with tooth-like structures in a patient with a treated cleft palate. |
9452625 | An image plate system for digital intra-oral radiography. | Direct image acquisition of intra-oral images using digital, filmless, techniques has been possible only since the late 1980s, although indirect methods have been available since the late 1970s. The techniques possible so far have had a number of limitations, making them cumbersome to use. A new system, the Digora system, has recently been developed in Finland, which es many of these ings. The principles and uses of this system are described here. |
9452626 | Extraction of four second permanent molars in the presence of severe premolar crowding: a case report. | A case is reported of a patient who presented with severe buccal segment crowding, poor oral hygiene and a reluctance to wear orthodontic appliances. The premolar alignment was improved by extracting four second permanent molars. |
9452627 | An adverse reaction to local anaesthesia: report of a case. | The safety of local anaesthetic agents is high but adverse reactions do occur. mon mistake among practitioners is misdiagnosing an adverse reaction to local anaesthesia as a hypersensitivity reaction. Some prospective dental patients are unable to undergo routine dental treatment because they have been mislabelled as allergic to local anaesthetics. This case report illustrates the need for practitioners to be sure of the signs and symptoms of potential adverse reactions and their appropriate management. |
9452628 | Measuring psychosocial variables that predict older persons' oral health behaviour. | The importance of recognising psychosocial characteristics of older people that influence their oral health behaviours and the potential success of dental procedures is discussed. Three variables and instruments developed and tested by the author and colleagues are presented. A measure of perceived importance of oral health behaviours has been found to be a significant predictor of dental service utilization in three studies. Self-efficacy regarding oral health has been found to be lower than self-efficacy regarding general health and medication use among older adults, especially among non-Western ethnic minorities. The significance of self-efficacy for predicting changes in caries and periodontal disease is described. Finally, a measure of expectations regarding specific dental procedures has been used with older people undergoing implant therapy. Studies with this instrument reveal that patients have concerns about the procedure far different than those focused on by dental providers. All three instruments can be used in clinical practice as a means of understanding patients' values, perceived oral health abilities, and expectations from dental care. These instruments can enhance dentist-patient rapport and improve the chances of successful dental es for older patients. |
9452629 | Measuring the impact of oral health in old age: a qualitative reaction to some quantitative views. | Investigations into the oral health-related beliefs and behaviour of old people plex and fraught with methodological difficulties. They have employed to a large extent structured interviews or questionnaires based on the Sickness Impact Profile to explain the impact of oral disorder in old age. However, despite sophisticated statistical techniques, the results have failed to explain much of the variance in the responses of the elderly subjects. This paper reviews the results of several investigations conducted in a structured and quantitative manner, and contrasts them with an alternative method of inductive investigation using a more qualitative interpretation of open-ended interviews. The alternative method of exploration with a small but intensely involved group of elderly participants revealed a view of oral health that reflects a willingness of elders to adapt constructively to changes in the mouth with advancing age. Moreover, the construction of a framework of oral health-related beliefs and behaviours that emerged from the qualitative analysis of open-ended interviews, has widened our understanding of the significance of the mouth in old age beyond the framework of biophysical, functional and disabling variables that dominated previous research on this field. |
9452630 | Culture, dental professionals and oral health values in multicultural societies: measuring cultural factors in geriatric oral health research and education. | Culture has significant impacts upon professional practice and patient health behaviours, especially in multicultural societies. This paper introduces the concept of culture and examines how it may be of importance to dental health professionals. Using the Dental Impact Profile and other dental social science measures, dental researchers and students can be engaged in studying cultural values and characteristics as a way of dealing with cultural differences. |
9452633 | Associations between self-assessed masticatory ability and some general health factors in a Swedish population. | The aims of this study were 1) to describe changes in self-assessed masticatory ability over a 14 year period (1975-89); and 2) to describe associations between self-assessed masticatory ability and age, dental state and some other background factors in a sample of the Swedish population in 1988/89. |
9452636 | Masticatory function in patients with xerostomia. | The effects of reduced salivary output in patients suffering from xerostomia on masticatory function has not been previously studied. This pares masticatory performance and kinematic activity of patients suffering from xerostomia with age-, sex-, and number of occluding pairs-matched healthy controls. Masticatory function was evaluated by assessment of chewing motion and muscle activity during chewing an artificial food (CutterSil), chewing gum and swallowing a bolus of almond. Chewing motion was recorded with the puter system. Bilateral muscle activity of both masseter and anterior temporalis was recorded using surface electrodes. Results of this study revealed significant differences between patients and controls in their ability to process food and masticatory muscle activity. The majority of patients could not break down the artificial food, others had a larger median particle size than the controls. A significant difference was also observed in the number of chewing cycles required to swallow almonds, the patients required more than twice as many chews as the controls, P < 0.001. The right masseter muscle displayed significantly less activity for the patient than the controls. These findings suggest that patients with xerostomia exhibit reduced ability to process food. The observed decline in masticatory performance is probably due to reduced activity of the muscles of mastication. |
9452637 | Alzheimer's disease, oral function and nutritional status. | To study differences in nutritional, dental status and oral function between institutionalised patients with Alzheimer's disease and cognitively healthy elderly people living in munity. |
9452638 | Factors related to the non-attendance in a clinical oral health study on the home-dwelling old elderly. | To evaluate how elderly home-dwelling subjects' background factors, state of health, functional capacity and edentulousness related to their attendance in prehensive clinical dental study. |
9452639 | Dental anxiety among middle-aged and elderly women in Sweden. A study of oral state, utilisation of dental services and concomitant factors. | The aim of this project was to investigate dental anxiety and its expression in utilisation of dental services, oral health and oral symptoms. In a cross-sectional study of women's health in Göteborg (population 432,000), Sweden, 1016 women aged 38 to 84 years participated. This randomly selected population took part in a series of investigative procedures including medical and dental clinical examinations, interviews and questionnaires. Levels of dental anxiety were measured on the Corah Dental Anxiety Scale (DAS). The average DAS score obtained was 7.2. The study showed that older women were significantly less anxious than younger ones. Severe dental anxiety (DAS > or = 15) was experienced by 3.9% of the participants. This frequency corresponds well with findings by Hällström and Halling in their analysis of data from the first Göteborg study of women's health 24 years ago. High levels of dental anxiety were correlated with longer intervals between dental visits, poorer oral function and aesthetics and a higher frequency of oral symptoms. Headaches were more prevalent in the younger age groups and a correlation with dental anxiety was revealed. Our previous studies have shown that symptoms such as tension headaches are prevalent among dental phobic patients and that they are reported to be reduced by therapy for dental fear. The clinical and radiographical examinations revealed a generally poorer oral status, with a statistically significant higher number of decayed teeth among women with high dental anxiety. |
9452640 | Whole saliva and the diagnosis of Sjögren's syndrome: an evaluation of patients who complain of dry mouth and dry eyes. Part 1: Screening tests. | Sjögren's syndrome (SS) is mon autoimmune disorder characterised by generalised desiccation, exocrine hypofunction and serologic abnormalities, More than 90% of the patients are women. |
9452642 | Dental utilisation for older Americans aged 55-75. | The purpose of this study was to analyze prehensive nationally representative data set to determine the effect of economic and non-economic determinants on the decision to seek care and the decision to select a specific number of dental visits. |
9452641 | Whole saliva and the diagnosis of Sjögren's syndrome: an evaluation of patients who complain of dry mouth and dry eyes. Part 2: Immunologic findings. | Sjögren's syndrome (SS) is a multisystem, autoimmune disease characterised by generalised desiccation, exocrine hypofunction and serologic abnormalities. Last year we showed that the antibodies which are quasi-specific for diagnosis of SS, anti SS-A/Ro and anti SS-B/La, were present in the saliva of patients with this disease. |
9452643 | Sensory detection of food odour in relation to dental status, gender and age. | The aim of this study was to investigate to what extent declining odour perception can be ascribed to dental status and oral hygiene habits, taking into account gender and age. Apparently healthy adults (n = 182), ranging from 53 to 93 years (mean age = 68.4) were tested. Information about oral hygiene habits (brushing teeth and cleaning dentures) and dental status was obtained by questionnaires. A validated objective procedure was used to measure sensory detection thresholds for isoamylacetate by an ascending method of limits. A significant negative correlation of odour perception with age was shown by the edentulous subjects which might reflect their wider age spread with many subjects over age 75. The evaluation of odour perception as a function of dental status shows no significant difference in odour perception between persons partial denture wearers, with natural teeth only plete dentures. However, a tendency for lower odour perception was observed among male partial denture wearers, especially those reporting less frequent oral hygiene, which justifies further more detailed study. |
9452644 | Cytological changes in oral mucosa in denture stomatitis. | The cytological patterns associated with the atrophic and hyperplastic forms of denture stomatitis (DS) were studied in 94 patients with DS and 33 controls. Forty percent of patients with DS and 30% of patients in the control group had a positive culture for Candida. pared to the smears from the control group patients, the smears from patients with DS presented a higher amount of: i) cytological cellular material; ii) fungal cells; iii) cells of the intermediate and parabasal types; iv) cells of the intermediate type with a positive culture for Candida; and v) polymorphonuclear leukocytes, preferentially in association with a positive culture for Candida. Conversely, smears from the control group showed a higher percentage of cells of the superficial type than those of the patients with DS. Although no specific changes in the DS-affected mucosa have been observed by cytology, we consider that this is a useful, easy and inexpensive technique that gives important information about the inflamed mucosa it can be used in the treatment and control of these patients. |
9452645 | Fluoridation. Anatomy of a campaign. | Many battles over fluoridation have been fought during the past five decades munities throughout the state. Some were successful, others heartbreaking in their defeat. But in 1995--as much of the nation celebrated 50 years of fluoridation--the war was won in California. |
9452648 | Dental public health in California: a view of the future. | This article has described two recent successful initiatives that have utilized the unique knowledge and skills of dental public health specialists--the enactment of California's new fluoridation law and the first oral health needs assessment of California children--as examples of the types of activities in which practitioners of this specialty of dentistry are engaged on a day-to-day basis. It has also underscored how dental public health can be considered not only a specialty of dentistry, but also a specialty of the broader field of public health, as a result of its mission to assure, promote and protect the oral health munities. We believe that assuring the oral health of Californians and the nation is far too large an undertaking for any one group or organization. The individual orientation of dental clinicians and munity orientation of dental public health practitioners will both be needed, as will be the collaboration of many other individuals and organizations, if we are to look forward to the 21st century as one in which barriers to oral health are e, oral diseases e distant memories, and Americans can look forward to a lifetime of oral health. |
9452653 | Back to basics: emergency medicine in dentistry. | It is important that all members of the dental office staff be trained to promptly recognize and efficiently manage emergency situations. This paper discusses how to prepare a dental office and staff for emergencies. It also describes several emergencies that may occur in dental offices and discusses methods of handling them. |
9452654 | Oral health care for the stroke survivor. | Despite a dramatic decrease in the incidence of stroke during the past decade, cerebrovascular accidents remain the third leading cause of death among the elderly. Stroke survivors, on the other hand, often demonstrate unique and challenging oral problems. This article delineates the etiology of cerebrovascular accidents, describes its orofacial manifestations in the stroke survivor, and offers guidelines for oral rehabilitation and management of affected individuals in munity or in an institutional setting. |
9452655 | Make the connection: the exceptional new patient interview. | Increased treatment acceptance is a direct result of the connection a dentist makes with his or her patient. That connection begins with establishing trust and believability. The new patient examination is an opportunity to do more than diagnose disease. By getting to know the patient, what he or she desires and want, the dental practitioner can make an emotional connection that will lead to mitment. |
9452656 | Microendodontics: identification and treatment of MBII system. | Endodontically, the maxillary first molar is one of the most misunderstood teeth and presents a variety of considerations for the treating practitioner. Clinically, the mesiobuccal root contains a second root canal system that can be identified and treated more than 75 percent of the time. The thorough clinician must assume all maxillary first molars have four canals until proven otherwise. |
9452660 | Dental implications of oral piercing. | Piercing of the tongue and perioral regions is ing an increasingly popular expression of body art. Dentists will be seeing more patients with these piercings and should be familiar with the potential associated oral and dental problems. This paper will discuss the lay techniques of intraoral piercing and related problems plications derived by a questionnaire left at piercing studios in San Francisco and by clinical examination of selected patients. The data reported are a result of a review of 63 patients. Five cases illustrating mon types of oral and perioral piercing are presented. |
9452661 | Simplifying implant prosthetics. | This article presents a method of restoring an anterior single-tooth implant using the plicated, less costly and less time-consuming method of a cement-retained restoration. With this method, the restorative dentist needs only the normal crown and bridge supplies. |
9452662 | Microleakage of endodontic access cavities restored with composites. | A proper seal of posites in endodontic access cavities is mandatory to prevent ingress of microorganisms and debris into the tooth-restoration interface. Chemically posites tend to have less polymerization shrinkage than posites. This pared in vitro sealing performance of a chemically cured and a posite for access cavity restorations in endodontically treated teeth. In addition, the effects of four dentin pretreatments on the seal were evaluated. One hundred twenty-eight roots of extracted human incisors were cleansed, shaped and obturated with gutta percha and Grossman's sealer. The endodontic access cavities were later treated by Scotchbond Multipurpose, All-Bond 2, Vitrebond and Ketac-Bond. Half the access cavities within each group were filled by Coltene Microhybrid H.P., a chemically cured posite. The other half were filled with Aelitfil, a posite. The filled teeth were thermocycled, submerged in silver nitrate solution, sectioned longitudinally, and their dye penetration measured and statistically analyzed by two-way ANOVA at 95 percent confidence level. The results show that the chemically posite allowed less dye penetration than the posite. As for the dentin pretreatments, the Scotchbond Multipurpose and All-Bond 2 exhibited less microleakage than Vitrebond and Ketac-Bond for both chemical and posite. Ketac-Bond allowed the highest amount of dye penetration, followed by Vitrebond, Scotchbond Multipurpose, then All-Bond, which had the least depth of microleakage. Chemically posites bonded with All-Bond 2 and Scotchbond Multipurpose may exhibit less microleakage than posites in endodontic access cavity restoration. |
9452663 | Discourage malpractice lawsuits: a commonsense approach. | They key to avoiding malpractice lawsuits is prevention. There are a number of practices that dentists should use to help them avoid such lawsuits. By following these practices in the office every day, much of the patient misconception and confusion that leads to a lawyer finding grounds for a suit can be avoided. |
9452666 | Design sequence and mouth preparation for the removable partial denture. | This article discusses the procedure for designing the "best" removable partial denture. The best design will preserve the abutment teeth and the edentulous ridge. The restorative dentist's task in making an RPD is not to try to maintain function as it had been prior to tooth loss but rather to preserve what remains of the oral mechanism. |
9452667 | The component partial: a new RPD construction system. | Most removable partial denture frameworks constructed today are one-piece castings. This article presents the Component Partial, a removable partial denture in which the framework is constructed in pieces. Such construction ensures a more accurate fit of the RPD. |
9452668 | An alternative altered cast technique for a distal extension removable partial denture. | The use of a removable partial denture to restore the posterior edentulous space continues to be a viable treatment option for patients who are not candidates for cantilevered fixed prostheses or dental implants because of the nature of the remaining teeth and bony support, the anatomy of the residual ridges, or financial constraints. The purpose of this paper is to introduce an alternative technique for the fabrication of a well-fitting distal extension RPD that will take maximum advantage of the dual nature of the support provided by the teeth and the resilient tissues of the residual ridge. |
9452669 | Restoration of an anterior edentulous space. | Removable partial dentures are often overlooked as a restorative option for an anterior edentulous space. This article will focus on the advantages and disadvantages of removable prostheses for the restoration of the anterior edentulous space in specific clinical situations. |
9452670 | The swing-lock removable partial denture. | The swing-lock removable partial denture is a good treatment alternative for maxillofacial prosthodontics, promised dentitions and where some conventional designs for removable partial dentures cannot be applied. This paper presents clinical applications of the SLRPD. Indications, contraindications, advantages and disadvantages are discussed. |
9452671 | Tinted luting resin for partial-coverage restorations: a case report of a new provisionalization technique. | A number of practical problems may be encountered when a dentist attempts to provisionalize an indirect restoration. Problems that relate to provisional restorations for conservative, less retentive, ceramic cavity forms are discussed. A provisionalization technique that improves marginal integrity, assures predictable retention, and facilitates cleanup following detachment is introduced. |
9452672 | Ten-year clinical and microscopic evaluation of resin-bonded restorations. | A clinical recall was conducted for 103 patients who were functioning with resin-bonded restorations for approximately 10 years. The purpose of this study was to evaluate marginal adaptation of the cast metal retainers. Following clinical evaluations, replicas of incisal and occlusal margins were examined in the scanning electron microscope to determine marginal separation and microscopic patterns of the posite interface between metal and tooth. Anterior abutments exhibited better clinical adaptation and fewer voids and debonds than did posterior abutments. Larger microscopic marginal separations were associated with those retainers that had clinically detectable voids or defects. |
9452673 | Removable partial denture production in Scotland. | Removable partial denture production in Scotland was studied by analyzing photographs taken of consecutive casts and dentures and reviewing prescriptions of 539 cases at a large dental laboratory. Of the casts, 70.4% were maxillary and 29.6% mandibular. The mean number of teeth present was 9.9 in the maxilla and 8.4 in the mandible. Of the partial dentures studied, 33.6% were acrylate dentures without any framework. None of these had occlusal rests, and 5.6% had clasps. Of the framework-retained maxillary dentures, the palatal strap (12.9%), horseshoe (15.8%), and anterior palatal bar (18.9%) designs were the most frequent. In the mandible, lingual bars (32.7%) and lingual plates (32.7%) predominated. Of the acrylic dentures, 89.3% were made without any instruction from the dentist. The corresponding figure for prostheses with cobalt-chromium frameworks was 15.0%. |
9452674 | Supragingival calculus formation in a group of young adults. | The presence of calculus was assessed on the lingual surfaces of the mandibular anterior teeth in a randomly selected group of 63 young adults. The rate of regrowth of calculus after professional prophylaxis was also observed. Twenty-two individuals had supragingival calculus on the mandibular lingual surfaces of their teeth at baseline. Eleven of these individuals demonstrated regrowth of calculus by the end of the study, in spite of repeated professional prophylaxis. Thus, 17.5% of subjects exhibited rapid regrowth of calculus on the mandibular lingual surfaces of their teeth within 2 weeks of professional prophylaxis. |
9452675 | The new creativity in ceramic restorations: dental CAD-CIM. | The efficiency of the Cerec 2 system, introduced in September 1994, is briefly presented. The system provides improved accuracy of fit, an automatically generated occlusion, free (unrestricted) cavity design, unlimited anatomic veneer preparation with incisal edge coverage, and automated and simplified operation. |
9452676 | Replacement of a fractured incisor fragment over pulpal exposure: a long-term case report. | This article presents the long-term follow-up of a patient in whom an incisor that had been fractured through the pulp was replaced with the original tooth fragment. In the replacement process, the enamel, dentin, and pulp were acid etched and bonded as part of the restoration protocol. More than 5 years have passed since the original treatment, and the treatment has thus far been a success. |
9452677 | Influence of finishing and polishing procedures on the decision to replace old amalgam restorations: an in vitro study. | The purpose of this study was to establish the influence that finishing and polishing of existing amalgam restorations might have on the decision to replace them. Forty extracted teeth, in which amalgam restorations had been placed in vivo, were individually examined by 60 practitioners and students prior to and following standard finishing and polishing procedures. Examiners, who had not been informed of the study's methodology or objective, opted either for maintaining or replacing the restoration in question. The main reasons for replacement were also registered. Finishing and polishing significantly reduced the number of decisions to replace restorations in all groups and for all practitioners. "Appearance" (anatomic shape) was the most frequently cited reason for replacing restorations before finishing and polishing, followed by marginal defects and secondary caries. |
9452678 | In vitro study of intraoral welding procedures for pure titanium. | This in vitro study investigated the temperature changes experienced during electric welding of titanium to determine if the welding heat presented a potential danger to pulpal vitality. Welds were applied to cast titanium simulations of a three-unit fixed partial denture containing two thermocouples measuring temperature changes. Mean maximal temperature changes were 127.4 degrees F near the weld and 68.6 F degrees at the axial wall. The mean times for the temperature to drop to within 10.0 degrees F of the starting temperature ranged from 84.1 to 133.7 seconds. The relatively low temperatures recorded in this study suggest that further investigation is warranted into the use of the welder intraorally. |
9452681 | Direct bonded Class I restorations and sealants: six options. | Decisions regarding the treatment of enamel pits and fissures, carious or not, can be difficult for the dentist; exceptional diagnostic acumen is required. In years gone by, teeth with Class I carious lesions were always restored with silver amalgam material; now, however, various treatment options are available to the clinician. Resin bonding, glass-ionomer systems, and visible light-curing technology have irrevocably changed restorative dentistry. This article reviews six methods for restoring teeth with Class I carious lesions or sealing those with susceptible pits and fissures. |
9452682 | Preoperative prophylaxis for C1 esterase-inhibitor deficiency in patients undergoing oral surgery: a report of three cases. | C1-inhibitor deficiency, or hereditary angioedema, is a genetic disorder characterized by recurrent circumscribed, nonpruritic, nonpitting subepithelial edema. Minor trauma to the tissue, such as tooth extraction, can trigger life-threatening laryngeal edema. The use of fresh frozen plasma and/or danazol before treatment prevents angioedema attacks. A critical review of the treatment regimen and prophylaxis for C1-inhibitor deficiency is presented, and three new cases are described. |
9452683 | All-cast-titanium removable partial denture for a patient with a severely reduced interarch distance: a case report. | A patient had a maxillary posterior edentulous area and severely reduced interarch distance that precluded the use of a conventional removable partial denture. An all-cast-titanium denture base and occlusal surface was designed to fabricate a removable denture to restore the edentulous area. Titanium was cast in a centrifugal casting machine with electric are melting design. The desirable characteristics of titanium, such as favorable mechanical properties, low density, paratively low cost, make this metal particularly effective and suitable for construction of an all-cast-metal denture base with a metal occlusal surface. |
9452684 | A combined impression technique for a partial implant-supported fixed-detachable restoration. | A passive fit between osseointegrated implants and the prosthesis supported by them is crucial to the correct distribution of the stress exerted on the implants. The accuracy of the impression procedure in duplicating the exact position of the implant abutment is one of the main contributors to passive fit. An impression technique is presented whereby the dentate and edentulous parts are duplicated in elastomeric material, providing both the flexibility needed to remove the impression and the required accuracy. Subsequent duplication of the implant zone with plaster, without removal of the tray, affords a high degree of accuracy. |
9452685 | Biodynamics of attachments used in overdentures: experimental analysis with photoelasticity. | Treatment with overdentures is an alternative to plete prostheses. Different types of attachments can be placed in natural teeth that act as retainers for overdentures. The photoelastic relationship between the design of the attachment and the distribution of occlusal forces among the abutment teeth and the distal alveolar ridges was examined. The results were used to develop a classification for clinical cases so that the correct attachment design can be selected. |
9452686 | Debridement by operators with varying degrees of experience: a comparative study on manikins. | The treatment of periodontally diseased root surfaces with power-driven instruments is ing increasingly important as an alternative to the use of hand instruments. Root surfaces of artificial teeth on a manikin were debrided under simulated flap operation conditions to determine if effectiveness was dependent on the instrument used (curettes or a modified sonic scaler tip) and/or the operator's degree of experience. Two quadrants were treated with each instrument. A morphometric evaluation followed. Debridement was faster with the diamond-coated sonic scaler tip than with hand instruments. With the sonic scaler, the time necessary for treatment was reduced by 30%. The experienced operators treated about 80% of the root surface, while the inexperienced operators treated only about 65%. Treatment quality depended on the operator and not on the instrument used. |
9452687 | The effect of different ceramic materials on the fracture resistance of dentin-bonded crowns. | This in vitro study investigated the fracture resistance of dentin-bonded crowns constructed from four ceramic materials: feldspathic porcelain, aluminous porcelain, a glass-ceramic core material (Dicor), and a leucite-enriched ceramic (Empress). Forty sound maxillary premolar teeth were chosen and divided at random into four equal groups. The teeth were prepared with a standardized crown minimal preparation. The restored teeth were subjected pressive loading. When the mode of fracture of the specimens was examined, it was found that four mode V (severe) fractures occurred in the Empress pared with none in the aluminous porcelain group and one each in the feldspathic porcelain and Dicor groups. Statistical analysis indicated that the loads required to fracture Dicor specimens were significantly greater than those required to fracture the feldspathic and aluminous porcelain crowns but were not significantly different from the loads achieved by the Empress specimens. |
9452688 | In vitro irradiation of infected root canals with a diode laser: results of microbiologic, infrared spectrometric, and stain penetration examinations. | This study aimed to examine the suitability of the diode laser with a wavelength of 810 nm for reducing bacteria in root canals. Forty-four extracted, endodontically prepared teeth were inoculated with Escherichia coli and Streptococcus faecalis. No bacterial growth was observed when the teeth were irradiated at an output power of 4 W and a pulse rate of 10 milliseconds, with breaks of 10 milliseconds between the irradiations. Exposure time was five times 5 seconds. Infrared spectroscopic examinations revealed that irradiation at 4 W under even circling movements resulted in a maximum rise in temperature of 6 degrees C on the root surface. Stain penetration tests and scanning electron microscopic examinations plete closure of the dentinal tubules on the irradiated root canal walls. |
9452691 | Modified partial-coverage ceramics for anterior teeth: a new restorative method. | A new restorative method, (the Edge Up technique) enables the correction of defects in the anterior tooth area with a maximum preservation of tooth substance. The basis of this technique is a special preparation method (a circular extended shoulder preparation in the enamel or an angle preparation) and a preparation kit matched to the peculiarities of this preparation technique. |
9452692 | A revised classification of carious lesions by site and size. | The present classification used by the profession for the identification of carious lesions was devised by Black about 100 years ago. It was based, in part, on the location of the lesion but was modified to take into account the materials that were available for restoration. Over the last 20 years, there has been considerable modification of these materials; adhesion between the restoration and tooth structure is now possible, and the understanding of the relevance of fluoride and other ions in the prevention and repair of caries has improved. It would be logical at this time to adopt a new classification based on the site of the carious lesion and the extent to which it has progressed. More relevant detail could be recorded for each restoration, and this would be of value both for personal records and epidemiologic studies. The proposal is a simple digital system that patible with the use puters for record keeping. |
9452693 | Wear now? An update on the etiology of tooth wear. | Tooth wear is an ever-increasing problem, and younger patients are particularly at risk. The problem is likely to continue as patients' demands and expectations rise and as more natural teeth are retained into old age. The etiology of tooth wear is reviewed, with emphasis on those factors that appear to be major contributors to the problem at the moment. The clinical appearance of tooth wear is also discussed. It would appear that erosive factors are a significant cause of tooth wear. The prominence of acidic damage of tooth tissue is probably a reflection of society's concern with healthy eating and appearance. |
9452694 | The relationship between cervical enamel projection and class II furcation defects in humans. | The purposes of the present study were to examine the frequency of cervical enamel projection in mandibular molars with class II furcation defects and to examine the response of these teeth to guided tissue regeneration procedures. Probing depth and vertical and horizontal periodontal attachment levels were recorded with a constant-force electronic periodontal probe. Following surgical exposure of the bifurcation and prior to membrane placement, the cervical enamel projection was examined and then graded clinically; photographs were taken to allow further examination of the bifurcation. An overall improvement in clinical parameters was observed in most sites. Cervical enamel projection was present in 82.1% of all molars examined. Grade II was the most prevalent (34.8%). Patients with any degree of cervical enamel projection demonstrated significantly higher mean probing depths at baseline than did patients without cervical enamel projection. Likewise, pretreatment probing attachment levels were higher in patients with some degree of cervical enamel projection. However, greater posttreatment horizontal and vertical attachment gains were observed in sites with a baseline cervical enamel projection. |
9452695 | The overall significance of regenerative procedures in the treatment of furcations. | A retrospective study examined the frequency of a feasible or remotely possible indication for regenerative therapy of furcation involvement in a large group of periodontally diseased patients. The judgment about the feasibility of the indication was mainly based on results of current randomized controlled clinical trials with regard to tooth type and location of the furcation lesion. Data from 558 patients treated by two periodontists, one experienced and one in training, were analyzed. Furcation involvement of at least one multirooted tooth was found in 40% and 63% of the two dentists' patients. In only 20% and 27% of their patients was there a potential indication for regenerative furcation treatment. Of 1,134 furcation lesions, 180 (15.9%) were conceivably suitable for this procedure. Only 17 sites with a feasible or remotely possible indication were treated in that way. In most cases, conventional furcational treatment (flap surgery with scaling and root planing) was performed. |
9452696 | A clinical assessment of the effectiveness of a mouthwash based on triclosan and on Zea mays L used as supplements to brushing. | The effectiveness of a mouthwash based on triclosan batting plaque and gingivitis pared with a mouthwash based on nonsaponifiable maize germ (Zea mays L). Both were used to supplement conventional mechanical oral hygiene. The study was carried out under double-blind conditions with a negative control (a placebo) and a positive control (a mouthwash based on chlorhexidine). After a period of 14 days to allow the Plaque Index and Gingival Index to standardize, the 43 subjects who formed the sample were examined weekly for 3 weeks. During the study, five subjects were excluded because they did not meet the criteria for selection for the study. Although the mouthwash based on triclosan reduced the Plaque Index by 7.3% parison with the placebo negative control (a less marked effect than that of chlorhexidine, which achieved an 8.43% reduction), it had scarcely any effect on the Gingival Index. The mouthwash based on Zea mays L had no beneficial action on the Plaque Index, which increased slightly, but it led to an improvement in the Gingival Index (7.17% parison with the placebo). |
9452697 | Resin-bonded retainer for replacement of an avulsed primary incisor: a case report. | A 4-year-old boy who suffered avulsion of a primary maxillary central incisor was treated with an all-porcelain, resin-bonded retainer. Although prosthetic replacement of primary teeth with resin-bonded prostheses is mon, the method may be beneficial in certain cases. |
9452698 | Effect of nonvital tooth bleaching on microleakage of resin composite restorations. | Thirty-six extracted, noncarious, nonfractured human incisors were divided into four groups of nine teeth. Endodontic access cavities were prepared, the pulp chamber was debrided, the root canals were cleansed, and root canal treatment pleted. Pulp cavities of teeth in group 1 received a cotton pellet and were sealed with Cavit. Groups 2, 3, and 4 received a mixture of 30% hydrogen peroxide and sodium perborate for 3, 4, and 7 days, respectively, were sealed with Cavit, and were stored in a humidor until used. Cavit and the other materials were removed, and the cavities were rinsed and restored with Scotchbond Multipurpose and Silux. The teeth were thermocycled, stained with 50% silver nitrate, and sectioned longitudinally. Dye penetration was measured. Results indicated that bleaching adversely affected the marginal seal at the tooth-restoration interface, as evidenced by increased microleakage; the highest rate of microleakage was found after the 7-day application of bleaching materials. |
9452699 | Barcoll hardness of resin-modified glass-ionomer cements and a compomer. | The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of several factors on the hardness of resin-modified glass-ionomer cements (hybrid ionomers) and polyacid-modified posites (compomers). Disk-shaped specimens were prepared from the following materials: Vitremer, Fuji II LC, Photac-Fil, and Dyract. Three specimens of each product were irradiated with a light-curing device and three were not. Barcoll hardness was determined on both sides of the specimen 10 minutes after irradiation and after 48 hours of immersion in 37 degrees C water. A factorial design was used to evaluate the factors that influenced the results. The Dyract group that was not light cured was not included in the analysis because the product did not harden under this circumstance. Analysis of variance revealed a significant effect of material, time, and specimen side when light curing was carried out. The use or nonuse of light curing was also significant. For some hybrid ionomers (e.g., Photac-Fil), light curing is a more essential step than for others to obtain adequate hardness values. |
9452700 | Magnetic resonance microimaging of carious teeth. | Three-dimensional (proton) magnetic resonance microimages of a number of extracted teeth (both healthy and carious) were obtained using a Bruker AM300WB magnetic resonance spectrometer fitted with a Bruker microimaging attachment. Full data sets have been acquired as 90-micron 3 voxels to enable high-quality full-surface (external and internal) reconstructions to puted. Possession of such data has allowed mapping of plete range of intensities in any selected image slice. The application of artificial color was found to aid the interpretation of both image types. All teeth showed the expected dental morphologies. The carious regions of the diseased teeth gave an intense image that was readily distinguishable from the other soft tissue. |
9452702 | Physician concerns about vaccine adverse effects and potential litigation. | To understand physician concerns about litigation and beliefs regarding vaccine safety. |
9452703 | Health status and service use. Comparison of adolescents at a school-based health clinic with homeless adolescents. | To examine the health status, risk-taking behaviors, and access-to-care issues of shelter-based homeless pared with a domiciled adolescent population from the same large US city. |
9452704 | Managed care and school-based health centers. Use of health services. | To explore the use of physical and mental health services for adolescents who are enrolled in managed care and have access to a school-based health center pared with adolescents enrolled in managed care without access to an SBHC. |
9452705 | Neonatal early-onset Escherichia coli disease. The effect of intrapartum ampicillin. | Maternal intrapartum ampicillin has been mended for the prevention of neonatal group B streptococcal disease. |
9452706 | Childhood injuries from artificial nail primer cosmetic products. | Methacrylic acid-containing primers used in artificial nail cosmetic products are typically not contained in child-resistant packaging, although they are sold to the general public. |
9452707 | Diarrheal mortality in US infants. Influence of birth weight on risk factors for death. | To examine diarrhea-associated deaths among very low-birth-weight (VLBW) (< 1500 g) infants and low- and normal-birth-weight (LNBW) (> or = 1500 g) infants at birth and to identify specific interventions to prevent these deaths. |
9452708 | Urine-based screening of adolescents in detention to guide treatment for gonococcal and chlamydial infections. Translating research into intervention. | To determine the utility of urine-based ligase chain reaction assays for Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis in (1) the acceptability of such testing to adolescent detainees, (2) the potential use of these tests for identifying asymptomatic infections, and (3) the effectiveness of this approach for ensuring treatment of infected adolescents. |
9452709 | Gender differences in risk behaviors associated with forced or pressured sex. | To determine whether gender-specific patterns of risk behaviors are associated with a self-reported history of ever having been forced or pressured to have sexual intercourse among sexually active adolescents. |
9452710 | What mothers in the Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) program feel about WIC and immunization linkage activities. A summary of focus groups in Wisconsin. | Although studies indicate that strategies to improve immunization coverage among preschool-age children enrolled in the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) are effective, the attitudes of parents of children enrolled in WIC toward the linkage between WIC and immunization programs is unknown. |
9452711 | The early history of the treatment for dehydration. | The difficulties of managing dehydration in infants, along with the special problems of infant feeding in the wake of the industrial revolution, led to the specialty of pediatrics. The scientific and clinical beginnings that preceded the specialty are reviewed; much that came later can be credited to pediatric scientists. |
9452712 | The use of an objective structured clinical examination with postgraduate residents in pediatrics. | To evaluate the usefulness of an objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) for assessing and providing feedback to postgraduate residents in pediatrics. |
9452713 | The 'first to perish'. Child euthanasia in the Third Reich. | In an attempt to improve racial fitness, racial policy in the Third Reich targeted many groups, including physically and mentally handicapped children. An early program identified disabled children who were systematically selected and then transferred to various hospital centers where they were actively euthanatized. The program, directed by mainstream German physicians, was begun on the eve of war and was a harbinger of the evils e. This article highlights the "scientific thought" that provided the rationale for this policy together with the details of implementation of the active euthanasia program and profiles one of the major participants, Werner Catel, DrMed, who was a distinguished pediatrician. |
9452724 | [Urinary calculi and crystalluria in HIV+ patients treated with indinavir sulfate]. | Anti-proteases, a new class of anti-HIV drugs used bination with reverse transcriptase inhibitors have led to spectacular improvement in the patients' clinical status. Since April 1996, indinavir is the most widely prescribed anti-protease in France. |
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