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Alternative splicing of messenger RNAs is associated with the evolution of plex eukaryotes. Splicing is mediated by the spliceosome, and docking of the pre-mRNA 5' splice site into the spliceosome active site depends upon pairing with the conserved ACAGA sequence of U6 snRNA. In some species, including humans, the central adenosine of the AC

36409065

Cancer-Related Stigmatization, Quality of Life, and Fear of Death Among Newly Diagnosed Cancer Patients.

The purpose of the study is to investigate the gender differences among newly diagnosed cancer patients from the cultural perspective of Pakistan. The prised two equal groups: men (50%) and women (50%). Most participants were 31-45 years old, and the duration of the cancer diagnosis was less than 6 months (74.6%). The data was collected on the following scales: the discrimination and stigma scale, the internalized stigma scale, the WHO-quality of life scale, and the fear of death scale. Data was analyzed using SPSS v.25; descriptive statistics, an independent sample t-test, and simple linear regression were applied to the data. The results revealed that men and women are both experiencing cancer-related stigmatization in Pakistan. However, women face a higher level of stigmatization, lower quality of life, and higher fear of death than men. Furthermore, the regression analysis result confirms that the cancer-related stigma faced by the diagnosed patients decreases the patient's quality of life and induces the fear of death.

36409066

J-Aggregates Formed by NaCl Treatment of Aza-Coating Heptamethine Cyanines and Their Application to Monitoring Salt Stress of Plants and Promoting Photothermal Therapy of Tumors.

The cationic nature of heptamethine cyanines gives them the capacity to form aggregates with salts by electrostatic interactions. In this work, NaCl promoted J-aggregate formation of aza-coating heptamethine cyanines is explored. NaCl can induce the N-benzyloxycarbonyl Cy-CO

36409068

Immigrant generation, acculturation, and mental health literacy among former Soviet Union immigrants in Israel.

Research on Mental Health Literacy (MHL) has been growing in different geographical and cultural contexts. However, little is known about the relationship between immigrant generations, acculturation, stigma, and MHL among immigrant populations.

36409067

Collateral deletion of the mitochondrial AAA+ ATPase ATAD1 sensitizes cancer cells to proteasome dysfunction.

The tumor suppressor gene

36409070

The elegance of prickly sensations.

Neurons sensing harmful mechanical forces in the larvae of fruit flies have a striking architecture of dendrites that are optimized to detect pointy objects.

36409071

Genetic Diversity of "

Huanglongbing (HLB; greening disease), caused by

36409069

Evolution and regulation of microbial secondary metabolism.

Microbes have disproportionate impacts on the macroscopic world. This is in part due to their ability to grow to large populations that collectively secrete massive amounts of secondary metabolites and alter their environment. Yet, the conditions favoring secondary metabolism despite the potential costs for primary metabolism remain unclear. Here we investigated the biosurfactants that the bacterium

36409072

Identification of Novel

The emergence of the

36409073

The ESX-1 Substrate PPE68 Has a Key Function in ESX-1-Mediated Secretion in Mycobacterium marinum.

Mycobacteria use specialized type VII secretion systems (T7SSs) to secrete proteins across their diderm cell envelope. One of the T7SS subtypes, named ESX-1, is a major virulence determinant in pathogenic species such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis and the fish pathogen Mycobacterium marinum. ESX-1 secretes a variety of substrates, called Esx, PE, PPE, and Esp proteins, at least some of which are folded heterodimers. Investigation into the functions of these substrates is problematic, because of the intricate network of codependent secretion between several ESX-1 substrates. Here, we describe the ESX-1 substrate PPE68 as essential for secretion of the highly immunogenic substrates EsxA and EspE via the ESX-1 system in M. marinum. While secreted PPE68 is processed on the cell surface, the majority of cell-associated PPE68 of M. marinum and M. tuberculosis is present in a plex with its PE partner and the EspG

36409074

ACE2-Independent Bat Sarbecovirus Entry and Replication in Human and Bat Cells.

Hundreds of sarbecoviruses have been found in bats, but only a fraction of them have the ability to infect cells using angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), the receptor for SARS-CoV and -2. To date, only ACE2-dependent sarbecoviruses have been isolated from field samples or grown in the laboratory. ACE2-independent prising the majority of the subgenus, have not been propagated in any type of cell culture, as the factors and conditions needed for their replication pletely unknown. Given the significant zoonotic threat posed by sarbecoviruses, cell culture models and

36409075

The Obligate Intracellular Bacterial Pathogen Anaplasma phagocytophilum Exploits Host Cell Multivesicular Body Biogenesis for Proliferation and Dissemination.

Anaplasma phagocytophilum is the etiologic agent of the emerging infection, granulocytic anaplasmosis. This obligate intracellular bacterium lives in a host cell-derived vacuole that receives membrane traffic from multiple organelles to fuel its proliferation and from which it must ultimately exit to disseminate infection. Understanding of these essential pathogenic mechanisms has remained poor. Multivesicular bodies (MVBs) are late partments that receive biomolecules from other organelles and encapsulate them into intralumenal vesicles (ILVs) using endosomal plexes required for transport (ESCRT) machinery and ESCRT-independent machinery. Association of the ESCRT-independent protein, ALIX, directs MVBs to the plasma membrane where they release ILVs as exosomes. We report that the A. phagocytophilum vacuole (ApV) is acidified and enriched in lysobisphosphatidic acid, a lipid that is abundant in MVBs. ESCRT-0 and ponents along with ALIX localize to the ApV membrane. siRNA-mediated inactivation of ESCRT-0 and ALIX together impairs A. phagocytophilum proliferation and infectious progeny production. RNA silencing of ESCRT-III, which regulates ILV scission, pronouncedly reduces ILV formation in ApVs and halts infection by arresting bacterial growth. Rab27a and its effector Munc13-4, which drive MVB trafficking to the plasma membrane and subsequent exosome release, localize to the ApV. Treatment with Nexinhib20, a small molecule inhibitor that specifically targets Rab27a to block MVB exocytosis, abrogates A. phagocytophilum infectious progeny release. Thus, A. phagocytophilum exploits MVB biogenesis and exosome release to benefit each major stage of its intracellular infection cycle: intravacuolar growth, conversion to the infectious form, and exit from the host cell.

36409077

Chromosomally and Plasmid-Located

This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and genomic characteristics of the colistin resistance gene

36409078

Exploring the Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices of Healthy Pregnant Women Towards Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in Nigeria.

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is a major public health issue and a threat to the well-being of a mother and her offspring. As a growing concern in sub-Saharan Africa, this paper explores the knowledge, attitude, and practices of healthy expectant mothers towards GDM, and the content of GDM information delivered by prenatal nurses during Antenatal Clinic (ANC) in Warri, Delta State, Nigeria. Semi-structured telephone interviews were employed with 22 prising 20 pregnant women and 2 antenatal nurses. The results reveal that majority of the pregnant women were unaware of GDM as a particular health condition during pregnancy that poses a risk to both maternal and infant health and could lead to a long-term risk of developing the chronic condition of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). This low level of awareness was attributed to a lack of adequate information during prenatal clinic sessions. The findings from this study emphasize the need to enhance the quality of public health education offered to pregnant women during pre and antenatal clinical services emphasizing GDM as part of the overall global agenda on promoting maternal and infant health.

36409076

Role of the Two Flagellar Stators in Swimming Motility of Pseudomonas putida.

In the soil bacterium Pseudomonas putida, the motor torque for flagellar rotation is generated by the two stators MotAB and MotCD. Here, we construct mutant strains in which one or both stators are knocked out and investigate their swimming motility in fluids of different viscosity and in heterogeneous structured environments (semisolid agar). Besides phase-contrast imaging of single-cell trajectories and spreading cultures, dual-color fluorescence microscopy allows us to quantify the role of the stators in enabling P. putida's three different swimming modes, where the flagellar bundle pushes, pulls, or wraps around the cell body. The MotAB stator is essential for swimming motility in liquids, while spreading in semisolid agar is not affected. Moreover, if the MotAB stator is knocked out, wrapped mode formation under low-viscosity conditions is strongly impaired and only partly restored for increased viscosity and in semisolid agar. In contrast, when the MotCD stator is missing, cells are indistinguishable from the wild type in fluid experiments but spread much more slowly in semisolid agar. Analysis of the microscopic trajectories reveals that the MotCD knockout strain forms sessile clusters, thereby reducing the number of motile cells, while the swimming speed is unaffected. Together, both stators ensure a robust wild type that swims efficiently under different environmental conditions.

36409079

Diabetes in intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm of the pancreas and its association with malignancy.

Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMNs) have the potential to e malignant. Few studies have focused on the prevalence of the diabetes mellitus (DM) in IPMNs and its association with malignancy. We evaluated the association between DM and malignant IPMNs in this study.

36409081

Genome Sequences of Two Lytic Staphylococcus aureus Bacteriophages Isolated from Wastewater.

Two lytic double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) bacteriophages, belonging to the family

36409082

Nonlinear behavior of the impedance spectrum of a kerosene based ferrofluid.

We investigate the nonlinear behavior of the electric impedance of a kerosene-based ferrofluid (FF) sample subjected to an ac electric voltage of amplitude ranging from 10 mV to 3 V in the frequency range 6.3 mHz, 100 kHz. The FF sample was inserted between two parallel gold electrodes separated by 127 μm distance. The results show that even a sinusoidal voltage of amplitude low as 80 mV can give origin to nonlinear effects for frequency of the applied voltage smaller than 100 mHz. Our experimental data confirm the results obtained by solving numerically the equations of the Poisson-Nernst-Planck model. From this agreement it follows that the model based on the equation of continuity for the mobile ions, and the equation of Poisson for the actual potential across the sample, works well also in its non-linear version.

36409080

The Zinc Finger Transcription Factor Fts2 Represses the Yeast-to-Filament Transition in the Dimorphic Yeast Yarrowia lipolytica.

The yeast-to-filament transition is an important cellular response to environmental stimulations in dimorphic fungi. In addition to activators, there are repressors in the cells to prevent filament formation, which is important to keep the cells in the yeast form when filamentation is not necessary. However, very few repressors of filamentation are known so far. Here, we identify a novel repressor of filamentation in the dimorphic yeast Yarrowia lipolytica, Fts2, which is a C

36409083

Phenotypic and Genomic Comparison of Staphylococcus aureus Highlight Virulence and Host Adaptation Favoring the Success of Epidemic Clones.

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) of the sequence type 59 (ST59) and ST398 lineages has emerged in hospitals and displayed a higher virulent potential than its counterparts ST5 and ST239. However, the mechanism of the host cell-pathogen interaction and specific determinates that contribute to the success of epidemic clones remain pletely understood. In the present study, 142 S. aureus strains (ST59, ST398, ST239, and ST5) were selected from our 7-year national surveillance of S. aureus bloodstream infections (

36409084

Understanding the Genome-Wide Transcription Response To Various cAMP Levels in Bacteria Using Phenomenological Models.

Attempts to understand gene regulation by global transcription factors have largely been limited to expression studies under binary conditions of presence and absence of the transcription factor. Studies addressing genome-wide transcriptional responses to changing transcription factor concentration at high resolution are lacking. Here, we create a data set containing the entire Escherichia coli transcriptome in Luria-Bertani (LB) broth as it responds to 10 different cAMP concentrations spanning the biological range. We use the Hill's model to accurately summarize individual gene responses into three intuitively understandable parameters,

36409085

Use of the Human Granulysin Transgenic Mice To Evaluate the Role of Granulysin Expression by CD8 T Cells in Immunity To Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

The cytotoxic granules of human NK and CD8 T cells contain the effector molecule granulysin. Although

36409086

Large-Scale CRISPRi and Transcriptomics of Staphylococcus epidermidis Identify Genetic Factors Implicated in Lifestyle Versatility.

Staphylococcus epidermidis is a ubiquitous mensal skin bacterium that is also one of the most prevalent ial pathogens. The genetic factors underlying this remarkable lifestyle plasticity are pletely understood, mainly due to the difficulties of genetic manipulation, precluding high-throughput functional profiling of this species. To probe the versatility of S. epidermidis to survive across a diversity of environmental conditions, we developed a large-scale CRISPR interference (CRISPRi) plemented by transcriptional profiling (RNA sequencing) across 24 diverse conditions and piloted a droplet-based CRISPRi approach to enhance throughput and sensitivity. We identified putative essential genes, importantly revealing amino acid metabolism as crucial to survival across diverse environments, and demonstrated the importance of trace metal uptake for survival under multiple stress conditions. We identified pathways significantly enriched and repressed across our range of stress and nutrient-limited conditions, demonstrating the considerable plasticity of S. epidermidis in responding to environmental stressors. Additionally, we postulate a mechanism by which nitrogen metabolism is linked to lifestyle versatility in response to hyperosmotic challenges, such as those encountered on human skin. Finally, we examined the survival of S. epidermidis under acid stress and hypothesize a role for cell wall modification as a ponent of the survival response under acidic conditions. Taken together, this study integrates large-scale CRISPRi and transcriptomics data across multiple environments to provide insights into a keystone member of the human skin microbiome. Our results additionally provide a valuable benchmarking analysis for CRISPRi screens and are a rich resource for other staphylococcal researchers.

36409088

The RNA-Binding Protein ProQ Promotes Antibiotic Persistence in Salmonella.

Bacterial populations can survive exposure to antibiotics through transient phenotypic and gene expression changes. These changes can be attributed to a small subpopulation of bacteria, giving rise to antibiotic persistence. Although this phenomenon has been known for decades, much remains to be learned about the mechanisms that drive persister formation. The RNA-binding protein ProQ has recently emerged as a global regulator of gene expression. Here, we show that ProQ impacts persister formation in Salmonella.

36409087

Streptococcus agalactiae

Streptococcus agalactiae, also known as group B Streptococcus (GBS), is a Gram-positive encapsulated bacterium that colonizes the gastrointestinal tract of 30 to 50% of humans. GBS causes invasive infection during pregnancy that can lead to chorioamnionitis, funisitis, preterm prelabor rupture of membranes (PPROM), preterm birth, neonatal sepsis, and maternal and fetal demise. Upon infecting the host, GBS encounters sentinel innate immune cells, such as macrophages, within reproductive tissues. Once phagocytosed by macrophages, GBS upregulates the expression of the gene

36409090

Microbiological Characterization of Actinotignum schaalii Strains Causing Invasive Infections during a Multiyear Period in a Large Canadian Health Care Region.

Actinotignum schaalii is an underrecognized Gram-positive bacillus that is associated with urinary tract infections and cutaneous abscesses. The role of A. schaalii in invasive infections continues to be unappreciated because the bacteria can be isolated from a diverse spectrum of clinical specimens, ranging from being a single pathogen in urine and blood cultures to being deemed a colonizer in polymicrobial anaerobic cultures of sterile fluids and tissues. We conducted a microbiological analysis of clinical isolates obtained from 2012 through 2019. A total of 86 isolates were analyzed; 37 (43%) were from blood cultures, 35 (41%) were from deep wounds and abscesses, 6 (7%) were from urine samples, and the rest were recovered from peritoneal, kidney, and scrotal fluid samples. Urinary tract infections were clinically identified as the source of most cases of bacteremia, although no simultaneous urine cultures yielded positive results. The 16S rRNA gene sequences were available for 32 isolates (37%). Phylogenetic analysis revealed that AS.1/AS.2 strains caused a larger proportion of bloodstream infections (BSIs) (100% versus 52% [

36409091

Two-Period Study Results from a Large Italian Hospital Laboratory Attesting SARS-CoV-2 Variant PCR Assay Evolution.

In keeping with the evolution of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the COVID-19 causative agent, PCR assays have been developed to rapidly detect SARS-CoV-2 variants, which have emerged since the first (Alpha) variant was identified. Based on specific assortment of SARS-CoV-2 spike-protein mutations (ΔH69/V70, E484K, N501Y, W152C, L452R, K417N, and K417T) among the major variants known to date, Seegene Allplex SARS-CoV-2 Variants I and Variants II assays have been available since a few months before the last (Omicron) variant became predominant. Using S gene next-generation sequencing (NGS) as the SARS-CoV-2 variant identification reference method, we assessed the results of SARS-CoV-2-positive nasopharyngeal swab samples from two testing periods, before (

36409092

Multiplex PCR Assay for Clade Typing of Salmonella enterica Serovar Enteritidis.

Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis is one of the monly reported serovars of nontyphoidal Salmonella causing human disease and is responsible for both gastroenteritis and invasive nontyphoidal Salmonella (iNTS) disease worldwide. Whole-genome sequence parison of Salmonella Enteritidis isolates from across the world has identified three distinct clades, global epidemic, Central/East African, and West African, all of which have been implicated in epidemics: the global epidemic clade was linked to poultry-associated gastroenteritis, while the two African clades were related to iNTS disease. However, the distribution and epidemiology of these clades across Africa are poorly understood because identification of these clades currently requires whole-genome sequencing capacity. Here, we report a sensitive, time- and cost-effective real-time PCR assay capable of differentiating between the Salmonella Enteritidis clades to facilitate surveillance and to inform public health responses. The assay described here is limited to previously confirmed S. Enteritidis isolates.

36409093

Tracing the First Days of the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic in Greece and the Role of the First Imported Group of Travelers.

The first SARS-CoV-2 case in Greece was confirmed on February 26, 2020, and since then, multiple strains have circulated the country, leading to regional and country-wide outbreaks. Our aim is to enlighten the events that took place during the first days of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in Greece, focusing on the role of the first imported group of travelers. We used whole-genome SARS-CoV-2 sequences obtained from the infected travelers of the group as well as Greece-derived and globally subsampled sequences and applied dedicated phylogenetics and phylodynamics tools as well as in-house-developed bioinformatics pipelines. Our analyses reveal the genetic variants circulating in Greece during the first days of the pandemic and the role of the group's imported strains in the course of the first pandemic wave in Greece. The strain that dominated in Greece throughout the first wave, bearing the D614G mutation, was primarily imported from a certain group of travelers, while molecular and clinical data suggest that the infection of the travelers occurred in Egypt. Founder effects early in the pandemic are important for the success of certain strains, as those arriving early, several times, and to diverse locations lead to the formation of large transmission clusters that can be estimated using molecular epidemiology approaches and can be a useful surveillance tool for the prioritization of nonpharmaceutical interventions bating present and future outbreaks.

36409094

Long-Term Protection Elicited by an Inactivated Vaccine Supplemented with a Water-Based Adjuvant against Infectious Hematopoietic Necrosis Virus in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss).

Previous inactivated vaccines against infectious hematopoietic necrosis (IHN) usually had a strong early immune protective effect but failed to provide long-term protection in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). To find a method for stabilizing the desired protective effect of IHN vaccines, we assessed the immune enhancement effect of four adjuvants on formaldehyde inactivated vaccine for IHN at 60 days postvaccination (dpv). The efficacy of a two-dose vaccination with the candidate adjuvant-formaldehyde inactivated vaccine for IHN was evaluated in terms of early protection and long-term protection (30 to 285 dpv). Neutralizing antibody titers were also measured at each time point. The Montanide GEL 02 PR (Gel 02) adjuvant significantly enhanced the immune protection provided by the IHN inactivated vaccine, whereas the immune-boosting effect of the other tested adjuvants lacked statistical significance. Both tested Gel 02-adjuvanted IHN inactivated vaccine dosages had a strong immune protection effect within 2 months postvaccination, with a relative percent of survival (RPS) of 89.01% to 100%, and the higher dosage plete protection at 204 dpv and a RPS of 60.79% on 285 dpv by reducing viral titers in rainbow trout. The neutralizing antibodies were observed only in vaccinated fish on 30 and 60 dpv. patibility with an appropriate adjuvant, the highly immune protective effect of an IHN inactivated vaccine was prolonged from 60 dpv to at least 284 dpv; this novel adjuvant-IHN inactivated vaccine has promise as mercial vaccine that provides the best available and longest duration of protection against IHN to rainbow trout.

36409095

Plasmodium falciparum Sexual Commitment Rate Variation among Clinical Isolates and Diverse Laboratory-Adapted Lines.

Asexual blood-stage malaria parasites must produce sexual progeny to infect mosquitoes. It is important to understand the scope and causes of intraspecific variation in mitment rates, particularly for the major human parasite P. falciparum. First, two alternative assay methods of measuring mitment pared to test a genetically modified P. falciparum line with mitment rates inducible by overexpression of GDV1. The methods yielded correlated measurements with higher sensitivity and precision being achieved by one employing detection of the early gametocyte differentiation marker Pfs16. Thus, this was used to survey a diverse range of parasite lines and test each in multiple biological replicate assays in a serum-free medium supplemented with Albumax. There were differences among six recent clinical isolates from Ghana in their mean rates of mitment per cycle, ranging from 3.3% to 12.2%. Among 13 diverse long-term laboratory-adapted lines, mean mitment rates for most ranged from 4.7% to 13.4%, a few had lower rates with means from 0.3 to 1.6%, and one with a nonfunctional

36409096

Characterization and DNA Stable-Isotope Probing of Methanotrophic Bioaerosols.

The growth and activity of bacteria have been extensively studied in nearly every environment on Earth, but there have been limited studies focusing on the air. Suspended bacteria (outside of water droplets) may stay in the atmosphere for time frames that could allow for growth on pounds, including the potent greenhouse gas methane. We investigated the ability of aerosolized methanotrophic bacteria to grow on methane in the airborne state in rotating gas-phase bioreactors. The physical half-life of the aerial bacterium-sized particles was 3 days. To assess the potential for airborne growth, gas-phase bioreactors containing the aerosolized cultures were amended with 1,500 ppmv

36409098

Performance Characteristics of Six Immunoglobulin M Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assays Used for Laboratory Confirmation of Measles.

Laboratory confirmation of infection is an ponent of measles surveillance. Detection of measles-specific IgM in serum by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is the mon method used to confirm measles infection. ELISA formats vary, as does the sensitivity and specificity of each assay. Specimens collected within 3 days of rash onset can yield a false-negative result, which can delay confirmation of measles cases. Interfering substances can yield a false-positive result, leading to unnecessary public health interventions. The IgM capture assay developed at the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) pared against mercially available ELISA kits for the ability to detect measles virus-specific IgM in a panel of 90 well-characterized specimens. Serum samples were tested in triplicate using mercial kit as mended by the manufacturer. Using the CDC measles IgM capture assay as the reference test; the sensitivity and specificity for mercial kit ranged from 50 to 83% and 86.9 to 98%, respectively. Discrepant results were observed for samples tested with all mercial kits and ranged from 13.8 to 28.8% of the specimens tested. False-positive results occurred in 2.0 to 13.1% of sera, while negative results were observed in 16.7 to 50% of sera that were positive by the CDC measles IgM capture assay. Evaluation and interpretation of measles IgM serologic results can plex, particularly in measles elimination settings. The performance characteristics of a measles IgM assay should be carefully considered when selecting an assay to achieve high-quality measles surveillance.

36409100

Targeting maladaptive anger with brief therapist-supported internet-delivered emotion regulation treatments: A randomized controlled trial.

To evaluate the relative impact of three brief therapist-supported internet-delivered emotion regulation treatments for maladaptive anger (mindful emotion awareness [MEA], cognitive reappraisal [CR], and mindful emotion awareness + cognitive reappraisal [MEA + CR]) and to test whether baseline levels of anger pathology moderate treatment e.

36409097

Clinical Performance of Direct RT-PCR Testing of Raw Saliva for Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in Symptomatic and Asymptomatic Individuals.

RT-PCR tests based on RNA extraction from nasopharyngeal swabs (NPS) are promoted as the "gold standard" for SARS-CoV-2 detection. However, the use of saliva samples offers noninvasive self-collection more suitable for high-throughput testing. This study evaluated performance of the TaqPath COVID-19 Fast PCR Combo kit 2.0 assay for detection of SARS-CoV-2 in raw saliva relative to a lab-developed direct RT-PCR test (SalivaDirect-based PCR, SDB-PCR) and an RT-PCR test based on RNA extraction from NPS. Saliva and NPS samples were collected from symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals (N = 615). Saliva samples were tested for SARS-CoV-2 using the TaqPath COVID-19 Fast PCR Combo kit 2.0 and the SDB-PCR, while NPS samples were tested by RT-PCR in RNA extracts according to the Irish national testing system. TaqPath COVID-19 Fast PCR Combo kit 2.0 detected SARS-CoV-2 in 52 saliva samples, of which 51 were also positive with the SDB-PCR. Compared to the NPS "gold standard" biospecimen method, 49 samples displayed concordant results, while three samples (35<Ct<37) were positive on raw saliva. Among the negative samples, 10 discordant cases were found with the TaqPath COVID-19 Fast PCR Combo kit 2.0 (PPA-83.05%; pared to the RNA extraction-based NPS method, performing similarly to the SDB-PCR (PPA-84.75%; NPA-99.63%). The direct RT-PCR testing of saliva samples shows high concordance with the NPS extraction-based method for SARS-CoV-2 detection, and therefore provides a cost-effective and highly scalable system for high-throughput COVID-19 rapid-testing.

36409101

Expectations of respect and appreciation in daily life and associations with subclinical cardiovascular disease.

To test whether expectations of respect and appreciation from others, assessed in daily life, are associated with preclinical vascular disease.

36409103

Experimental tests of hypothetical lottery incentives on unvaccinated adults' COVID-19 vaccination intentions.

In May 2021, U.S. states began implementing "vaccination lotteries" encouraging COVID-19 vaccination. Drawing from Prospect Theory and math cognition research, we tested several monetary lottery structures and their framing to determine which would best motivate unvaccinated adults.

36409102

Culturally targeted message framing and colorectal cancer screening preferences among African Americans.

The current study investigated whether culturally targeted message frames alter preferences for specific colorectal cancer (CRC) screening modalities among African Americans.

36409104

Impact of Temporary Storage Conditions on the Viability of Streptococcus pneumoniae in Saliva.

Nasopharyngeal swabs are considered the gold-standard sample type for the detection of Streptococcus pneumoniae carriage, but recent studies have demonstrated the utility of saliva in improving the detection of carriage in adults. Saliva is generally collected in its raw, unsupplemented state, unlike nasopharyngeal swabs, which are collected into stabilizing transport media. Few data exist regarding the stability of pneumococci in unsupplemented saliva during transport and laboratory storage. We therefore evaluated the effect of storage conditions on the detection of pneumococci in saliva samples using strains representing eight pneumococcal serotypes. The bacteria were spiked into raw saliva from asymptomatic individuals, and we assessed sample viability after storage at 4°C, room temperature, and 30°C for up to 72 h; at 40°C for 24 h; and following three freeze-thaw cycles. We observed little decrease in pneumococcal detection following culture enrichment and quantitative PCR (qPCR) detection of the

36409105

The

High-confidence resistance mutations for new and repurposed anti-TB drugs, such as delamanid (DLM) and pretomanid (Pa), are rare and more data are needed in order to correctly interpret the results generated by genotypic drug susceptibility testing. In this study performed on clinical Mycobacterium plex isolates, we report that in the Swedish strain collection the

36409106

Genome Sequence of the Sulfate-Reducing Bacterium Pseudodesulfovibrio portus JCM 14722

Pseudodesulfovibrio portus JCM 14722

36409107

Metagenome-Assembled Genomes for "

Here, we report metagenome-assembled genomes for "

36409108

Comparison of the BioFire Joint Infection Panel to 16S Ribosomal RNA Gene-Based Targeted Metagenomic Sequencing for Testing Synovial Fluid from Patients with Knee Arthroplasty Failure.

The diagnosis of periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) is challenging, often requiring multiple clinical specimens and diagnostic techniques, some with prolonged result turnaround times. Here, the diagnostic performance of the Investigational Use Only (IUO) BioFire Joint Infection (JI) Panel pared to 16S rRNA gene-based targeted metagenomic sequencing (tMGS) applied to synovial fluid for PJI diagnosis. Sixty synovial fluid samples from knee arthroplasty failure archived at -80°C were tested. Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) diagnostic criteria were used to classify PJI. For culture-positive PJI with pathogens targeted by the JI panel, JI panel sensitivity was 91% (21/23; 95% confidence interval [CI], 73 to 98%), and tMGS sensitivity was 96% (23/24; 95% CI, 80 to 99%) (

36409110

Porcine Circovirus Type 2 Hijacks Host IPO5 to Sustain the Intracytoplasmic Stability of Its Capsid Protein.

Nuclear entrance and stability of porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2), the smallest virus in mammals, are crucial for its infection and replication. However, the mechanisms are not fully understood. Here, we found that the PCV2 virion maintains self-stability via the host importin 5 (IPO5) during infection. bined with mass spectrometry and glutathione

36409109

The Role of Chromatin and Transcriptional Control in the Formation of Sexual Fruiting Bodies in Fungi.

Fungal fruiting bodies plex, three-dimensional structures that arise from a plex vegetative mycelium. Their formation requires the coordinated action of many genes and their gene products, and fruiting body formation is panied by major changes in the transcriptome. In recent years, numerous transcription factor genes as well as chromatin modifier genes that play a role in fruiting body morphogenesis were identified, and through research on several model organisms, the underlying regulatory networks that integrate chromatin structure, gene expression, and cell differentiation are ing clearer. This review gives a summary of the current state of research on the role of transcriptional control and chromatin structure in fruiting body development. In the first part, insights from transcriptomics analyses are described, with a focus parative transcriptomics. In the second part, examples of more detailed functional characterizations of the role of chromatin modifiers and/or transcription factors in several model organisms (Neurospora crassa, Aspergillus nidulans, Sordaria macrospora, Coprinopsis cinerea, and mune) that have led to a better understanding of regulatory networks at the level of chromatin structure and transcription are discussed.

36409112

Complete Genome Sequences of Two Predatory Bacterial Strains,

We report plete genome sequences of two predatory bacterial strains,

36409113

Complete Structural Predictions of the Proteome of African Swine Fever Virus Strain Georgia 2007.

Here, we announce the predicted structures of the 193 proteins encoded by African swine fever virus (ASFV) strain Georgia 2007 (ASFV-G). Previously, only the structures of 16 ASFV proteins were elucidated.

36409114

Mycobacteriophage Tarkin: a Cluster E Phage.

Mycobacteriophage Tarkin is a newly isolated phage that infects Mycobacterium smegmatis mc

36409115

Oxidative Reactions Catalyzed by Hydrogen Peroxide Produced by Streptococcus pneumoniae and Other Streptococci Cause the Release and Degradation of Heme from Hemoglobin.

Streptococcus pneumoniae (Spn) strains cause pneumonia that kills millions every year worldwide. Spn produces Ply, a hemolysin that lyses erythrocytes releasing hemoglobin, and also produces the pro-oxidant hydrogen peroxide (Spn-H

36409117

Racism and free speech: Commentary on O'Donohue and Fisher (2022).

In arguing for the addition of an enforceable section on free speech to the

36409116

Antibiotics Limit Adaptation of Drug-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus to Hypoxia.

Bacterial pathogens are confronted with a range of challenges at the site of infection, including exposure to antibiotic treatment and harsh physiological conditions, that can alter the fitness benefits and costs of acquiring antibiotic resistance. Here, we develop an experimental system to recapitulate resistance gene acquisition by Staphylococcus aureus and test how the subsequent evolution of the resistant bacterium is modulated by antibiotic treatment and oxygen levels, both of which are known to vary extensively at sites of infection. We show that acquiring tetracycline resistance was costly, petitive growth against the isogenic strain without the resistance gene in the absence of the antibiotic, for S. aureus under hypoxic but not normoxic conditions. Treatment with tetracycline or doxycycline drove the emergence of enhanced resistance through mutations in an RluD-like protein-encoding gene and duplications of

36409118

A solution in search of a problem: Commentary on O'Donohue and Fisher (2022).

O'Donohue and Fisher (2022) make some good arguments about how free speech has been jeopardized in recent years, but few if any of those arguments concern psychologists directly. Furthermore, because free speech is codified in the First Amendment, it is unclear why or how its inclusion in the

36409119

Censoring and punishing free speech is unethical: Reply to Jackson (2022) and Smith (2022).

The ethically proper response to problematic speech is more speech and not censorship. To the extent that Jackson (2022) and Smith (2022) advocate for all to be able to criticize all, for example, for unempowered undergraduates to criticize privileged White male professors or for anyone to criticize racist or hate speech, we are in agreement. The speech involved in criticism can be risky and hence ought to be protected by the

36409121

The importance of clarifying the conceptual basis underlying cognition-optimizing interventions: Commentary on Moreau (2022).

Clarifying the conceptual basis of cognition-optimizing interventions is essential to advancing toward a precise intervention science. Interventions to enhance executive functions aim to optimize the individual cognitive functions that are critically suppressed by intersected discrimination, other traumas, and peri-/post-traumatic disorders. Traumatic stress and its mental health es suppress executive function and prevent the expression of the total cognitive potential of the individual. The goal of cognition-optimizing interventions, including cognitive training, lifestyle changes, and optimizing precognitive identity and motivational will to exist, live, survive, and fight, is to optimize the individual cognitive potentials. Questioning the malleability of cognitive abilities may be the wrong question to identify the conceptual basis of cognition-optimizing interventions. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

36409122

Lack of conceptual clarity impedes progress in cognitive intervention research: Reply to Kira (2023).

In mentary on Moreau (2022), Kira (2023) emphasizes the importance of clarifying the conceptual basis of cognitive interventions and discusses a number of adverse circumstances known to impair cognitive function. In this reply, I focus on three points of clarification. First, I contend that one needs to make a distinction between interventions focusing on healthy individuals and those targeting clinical populations, as the postulated mechanisms of improvement in typical settings may differ from those underlying impairment. I further argue that with this conceptual distinction in mind, evidence still suggests no plausible mechanistic explanation for the improvements discussed in Moreau (2022) and that the appeal of more holistic approaches remains. Finally, I propose that a lack of clarity around issues such as construct validity and measurement impedes progress in this research area and that important insight could be gained from a more systematic exploration of the mechanisms underlying cognitive improvement. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

36409120

Context reconsidered: Complex signal ensembles, relational meaning, and population thinking in psychological science.

This article considers the status and study of "context" in psychological science through the lens of research on emotional expressions. The article begins by updating three well-trod methodological debates on the role of context in emotional expressions to reconsider several fundamental assumptions lurking within the field's dominant methodological tradition: namely, that certain expressive movements have biologically prepared, inherent emotional meanings that issue from singular, universal processes which are independent of but interact with contextual influences. The second part of this article considers the scientific opportunities that await if we set aside this traditional understanding of "context" as a moderator of signals with inherent psychological meaning and instead consider the possibility that psychological events emerge in ecosystems of signal ensembles, such that the psychological meaning of any individual signal is entirely relational. Such a fundamental shift has radical implications not only for the science of emotion but for psychological science more generally. It offers opportunities to improve the validity and trustworthiness of psychological science beyond what can be achieved with improvements to methodological rigor alone. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

36409123

Extension of

The human-pathogenic yeast Cryptococcus neoformans assembles two types of

36409124

Restriction of Influenza A Virus by SERINC5.

Serine incorporator 5 (Ser5), a transmembrane protein, has recently been identified as a host antiviral factor against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 and gammaretroviruses like murine leukemia viruses (MLVs). It is counteracted by HIV-1 Nef and MLV glycogag. We have investigated whether it has antiviral activity against influenza A virus (IAV), as well as retroviruses. Here, we demonstrated that Ser5 inhibited HIV-1-based pseudovirions bearing IAV hemagglutinin (HA); as expected, the Ser5 effect on this glycoprotein was antagonized by HIV-1 Nef protein. We found that Ser5 inhibited the virus-cell and cell-cell fusion of IAV, apparently by interacting with HA proteins. Most importantly, overexpressed and endogenous Ser5 inhibited infection by authentic IAV. Single-molecular fluorescent resonance energy transfer (smFRET) analysis further revealed that Ser5 both destabilized the pre-fusion conformation of IAV HA and inhibited the coiled-coil formation during membrane fusion. Ser5 is expressed in cultured small airway epithelial cells, as well as in immortal human cell lines. In summary, Ser5 is a host antiviral factor against IAV which acts by blocking HA-induced membrane fusion.

36409125

Bacillus subtilis Stressosome Sensor Protein Sequences Govern the Ability To Distinguish among Environmental Stressors and Elicit Different σ

Bacteria use a variety of systems to sense stress and mount an appropriate response to ensure fitness and survival. Bacillus subtilis uses stressosomes-cytoplasmic plexes-to sense environmental stressors and enact the general stress response by activating the alternative sigma factor σ

36409127

Identification and Mechanism of Action of the Global Secondary Metabolism Regulator SaraC in

DNA methylation is an important factor in the regulation of gene expression. In analyzing genomic data of Stereum hirsutum FP-91666, we found a hypothetical bifunctional transcription regulator/O

36409128

Spirofused Tetrahydroisoquinoline-Oxindole Hybrids (Spiroquindolones) as Potential Multitarget Antimalarial Agents: Preliminary Hit Optimization and Efficacy Evaluation in Mice.

Previous studies suggest that 3',5'-dihydro-2'H-spiro[indoline-3,1'-isoquinolin]-2-ones (DSIIQs [spiroquindolones]) are multitarget antiplasmodial agents bine the actions of spiroindolone and naphthylisoquinoline antimalarial agents. In this study, 12 analogues pound (±)-5 (moxiquindole), the prototypical spiroquindolone, were synthesized and tested for antiplasmodial activity. Compound (±)-11 (a mixture pounds 11a and 11b), the most potent analogue, displayed low-nanomolar activity against P. falciparum chloroquine-sensitive 3D7 strain (50% inhibitory concentration [IC

36409129

Knockout of

ycin resistance of Gram-positive bacteria poses a serious health concern around the world. In this study, we searched for ycin-tolerant mutants from a gene deletion library of a model Gram-positive bacterium, Bacillus subtilis, to elucidate the mechanism of ycin resistance. We found that knockout of

36409126

Comparative Transcriptomics Sheds Light on Remodeling of Gene Expression during Diazotrophy in the Thermophilic Methanogen Methanothermococcus thermolithotrophicus.

Some marine thermophilic methanogens are able to perform energy-consuming nitrogen fixation despite deriving only little energy from hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis. We studied this process in Methanothermococcus thermolithotrophicus DSM 2095, a methanogenic archaeon of the order

36409131

Structural Equation Models Suggest That On-Farm Noncrop Vegetation Removal Is Not Associated with Improved Food Safety Outcomes but Is Linked to Impaired Water Quality.

While growers have reported pressures to minimize wildlife intrusion into produce fields through noncrop vegetation (NCV) removal, NCV provides key ecosystem services. To model food safety and environmental tradeoffs associated with NCV removal, published and publicly available food safety and water quality data from the Northeastern United States were obtained. Because data on NCV removal are not widely available, forest-wetland cover was used as a proxy, consistent with previous studies. Structural equation models (SEMs) were used to quantify the effect of forest-wetland cover on (i) food safety es (e.g., detecting pathogens in soil) and (ii) water quality (e.g., nutrient levels). Based on the SEMs, NCV was not associated with or had a protective effect on food safety es (more NCV was associated with a reduced likelihood of pathogen detection). The probabilities of detecting

36409132

SARS-CoV-2 Anti-Spike IgG Antibody and ACE2 Receptor Binding Inhibition Levels among Breakthrough Stage Veteran Patients.

SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines have been critical to curbing pandemic COVID-19; however, a major ing has been the inability to assess levels of protection after vaccination. This study assessed serologic status of breakthrough infections in vaccinated patients at a Veterans Administration medical center from June through December 2021 during a SARS-CoV-2 delta variant wave. Breakthrough occurred mostly beyond 150 days after two-dose vaccination with a mean of 239 days. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) IgG levels were low at 0 to 2 days postsymptoms but increased in subjects presenting thereafter. Population measurements of anti-S IgG and angiotensin converting enzyme-2 receptor (ACE2-R) binding inhibition among uninfected, vaccinated patients suggested immune decay occurred after 150 days with 62% having anti-S IgG levels at or below parable with breakthrough patients at 0 to 2 days postsymptom onset. In contrast, vaccination after resolved infection conferred robust enduring anti-S IgG levels (5,000 to >50,000 AU) with >90% ACE2-R binding inhibition. However, monoclonal antibody (MAb)-treated patients did not benefit from their prior infection suggesting impaired establishment of B cell memory. Analysis of boosted patients confirmed the benefit of a third vaccine dose with most having anti-S IgG levels above 5,000 AU with >90% ACE2-R binding inhibition, but a subset had levels <5,000 AU. Anti-S IgG levels >5,000 AU were associated with >90% ACE2-R binding inhibition and no documented breakthrough infections, whereas levels falling below 5,000 AU and approaching 1,000 AU were associated with breakthrough infections. Thus, quantitative antibody measurements may provide a means to guide vaccination intervals for the individual.

36409133

Characterization of Multiple Alginate Lyases in a Highly Efficient Alginate-Degrading

Alginate is an important polysaccharide in the ocean that supports the growth of marine microorganisms. Many widespread

36409134

Clinical Performance and Trends during the First Two Months of Monkeypox Virus PCR Testing at Two United States Reference Labs.

Recently, a sustained human-to-human outbreak of monkeypox virus (MPXV), a member of the

36409130

Microbial and Immune Regulation of the Gut-Lung Axis during Viral-Bacterial Coinfection.

Viral-bacterial coinfections of the respiratory tract have long been associated with worsened disease es. Clinical and basic research studies demonstrate that these infections are driven plex interactions between the infecting pathogens, microbiome, and host immune response, although how these interactions contribute to disease progression is still not fully understood. Research over the last decade shows that the gut has a significant role in mediating respiratory es, in a phenomenon known as the "gut-lung axis." Emerging literature demonstrates that acute respiratory viruses can modulate the gut-lung axis, suggesting that dysregulation of gut-lung cross talk may be a contributing factor during respiratory coinfection. This review will summarize the current literature regarding modulation of the gut-lung axis during acute respiratory infection, with a focus on the role of the microbiome, secondary infections, and the host immune response.

36409136

Eating while intoxicated: characterizing the molecular mechanism behind

Extracellular pathogens utilize secreted virulence factors to regulate host cell function. Recently we characterized the molecular mechanism behind host macroautophagy/autophagy regulation by the

36409138

Correction to Jackson et al. (2022).

Reports an error in "A pilot test of a treatment to address intersectional stigma, mental health, and HIV risk among gay and bisexual men of color" by Skyler D. Jackson, Krystn R. Wagner, Mike Yepes, Tyler D. Harvey, Jackson Higginbottom and John E. Pachankis (

36409137

Symbiotic Microorganisms and Their Different Association Types in Aquatic and Semiaquatic Bugs.

True bugs (Hemiptera, suborder Heteroptera) constitute the largest suborder of nonholometabolous insects and occupy a wide range of habitats various from terrestrial to semiaquatic to aquatic niches. The transition and occupation of these diverse habitats impose various challenges to true bugs, including access to oxygen for the aquatic species and plant defense for the terrestrial phytophagans. Although numerous studies have demonstrated that microorganisms can provide multiple benefits to terrestrial host insects, a systematic study prehensive higher taxa sampling that represents aquatic and semiaquatic habitats is still lacking. To explore the role of symbiotic microorganisms in true bug adaptations, 204 samples belonging to all seven infraorders of Heteroptera were investigated, representing approximately 85% of its superfamilies and almost all known habitats. The symbiotic munities of these insects were analyzed based on the full-length amplicons of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene and fungal ITS region. munities varied among hosts inhabiting terrestrial, semiaquatic, and aquatic habitats, while munities were more related to the geographical distribution of the hosts. Interestingly, co-occurrence networks showed that species inhabiting similar habitats shared symbiotic microorganism association types. Moreover, functional prediction analyses showed that the symbiotic munity of aquatic species displayed richer amino acid and lipid metabolism pathways, while plant-feeding true bugs benefited more from the symbiont-provided xenobiotics biodegradation pathway. These results deepened the recognition that symbiotic microorganisms were likely to help heteropterans occupy diverse ecological habitats and provided a reference framework for further studies on how microorganisms affect host insects living in various habitats.

36409139

From Nanoscopic to Macroscopic Materials by Stimuli-Responsive Nanoparticle Aggregation.

Stimuli-responsive nanoparticle (NP) aggregation plays an increasingly important role in regulating NP assembly into microscopic superstructures, macroscopic 2D, and 3D functional materials. Diverse external stimuli are widely used to adjust the aggregation of responsive NPs, such as light, temperature, pH, electric, and magnetic fields. Many unique structures based on responsive NPs are constructed including disordered aggregates, ordered superlattices, structural droplets, colloidosomes, and bulk solids. In this review, the strategies for NP aggregation by external stimuli, and their recent progress ranging from nanoscale aggregates, microscale superstructures to macroscale bulk materials along the length scales as well as their applications are summarized. The future opportunities and challenges for designing functional materials through NP aggregation at different length scales are also discussed.

36409141

Similar and Divergent Roles of Stringent Regulator (p)ppGpp and DksA on Pleiotropic Phenotype of Yersinia enterocolitica.

Stringent response plays an important role in the response of

36409142

Environmental Persistence of Staphylococcus capitis NRCS-A in Neonatal Intensive Care Units: Role of Biofilm Formation, Desiccation, and Disinfectant Tolerance.

The clone Staphylococcus capitis NRCS-A is responsible for late-onset sepsis in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) worldwide. Over time, this clone has evolved into three subgroups that are increasingly adapted to the NICU environment. This study aimed to decipher the mechanisms involved in NRCS-A persistence in NICUs. Twenty-six

36409143

Differentiating root and rhizome of panax notoginseng based on precursor ion scanning and multi heart-cutting two-dimensional liquid chromatography.

Owing to increasing demand for Panax notoginseng-based medicines and health products, establishing a fast, simple, and reliable assay to analyze the chemical differences between its root and rhizome is important. Although previous studies showed that the chemical and biological differences between the root and rhizome of P. notoginseng seem to be small, efforts should be taken to investigate such differences to ensure the safety and efficacy of the products. This work describes a holistic approach bines characteristic fingerprinting using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry parent ion scanning with charged aerosol detection and targeted separation by online heart-cutting two-dimensional liquid chromatography, to identify and evaluate characteristic markers allowing differentiation of the root and rhizome. A total of five potential markers chikusetsusaponin L

36409140

Global Phylogeny and F Virulence Plasmid Carriage in Pandemic Escherichia coli ST1193.

Lower urinary tract, renal, and bloodstream infections caused by phylogroup B2 extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC) are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. ST1193 is a phylogroup B2, multidrug-resistant sequence type that has risen to prominence globally, but prehensive analysis of the F virulence plasmids it carries is lacking. We performed a phylogenomic analysis of ST1193 (

36409145

Transcriptome and Gut Microbiota Profiling Analysis of ANIT-Induced Cholestasis and the Effects of Da-Huang-Xiao-Shi Decoction Intervention.

Cholestasis is characterized by bile acid (BA) circulation disorders, which is usually related to damage of hepatocyte barrier function. Currently, patients with cholestasis face several obstacles in seeking diagnosis and therapy. Da-Huang-Xiao-Shi decoction (DHXSD) is an ancient classic formula that has been used clinically for cholestasis treatment. Nevertheless, the underlying biological activities and therapeutic mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, an alpha-naphthylisothiocyanate (ANIT)-induced cholestasis rat model was established to examine the anticholestatic effects of DHXSD using histopathological and molecular analyses. Transcriptomic bined with 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis was systematically applied to study the mechanism of action of DHXSD. Simultaneously, the effect of DHXSD on gut microbiota, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), and intestinal barrier function were evaluated based on the ANIT-induced cholestasis model in rats. The results showed that DHXSD effectively attenuated ANIT-induced cholestasis by reducing liver function indicators (alanine transaminase [ALT],

36409146

Quantifying Trade-Offs in the Choice of Ribosomal Barcoding Markers for Fungal Amplicon Sequencing: a Case Study on the Grapevine Trunk Mycobiome.

The evolution of sequencing technology and multiplexing has rapidly expanded our ability to characterize fungal diversity in the environment. However, obtaining an unbiased assessment of the munity using ribosomal markers remains challenging. Longer amplicons were shown to improve taxonomic resolution and resolve ambiguities by reducing the risk of spurious operational taxonomic units. We examined the implications of barcoding strategies by amplifying and sequencing two ribosomal DNA fragments. We analyzed the performance of the full internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and a longer fragment including also a part of the 28S ribosomal subunit replicated on 60 grapevine trunk core samples. Grapevine trunks harbor highly diverse munities with implications for disease development. Using identical handling, amplification, and sequencing procedures, we obtained higher sequencing depths for the shorter ITS amplicon. Despite the more limited access to polymorphism, the overall diversity in amplified sequence variants was higher for the shorter ITS amplicon. We detected no meaningful bias in the position due to the amplicon choice across analyzed samples. Despite the increased resolution of the longer ITS-28S amplicon, the higher and more consistent yields of the shorter amplicons produced a clearer resolution of the munity of grapevine stem samples. Our study highlights that the choice of ribosomal amplicons should be carefully evaluated and adjusted according to specific goals.

36409147

Diverse data sources and new statistical models offer prospects for improving the predictability of anthropogenic hybridization.

Human disturbance can theoretically influence the rates of hybridization, but few studies have convincingly identified a causal link. Grabenstein et al. (2022) used a genomic and phenotypic study of chickadees to associate hybridization with human disturbance. Additionally, this is consistent with citizen science reports of chickadee hybrids across the range. We highlight the exciting aspects of this work and make suggestions about a role for broad geographic and genomic sampling, and new statistical methods to better connect hybridization es to anthropogenic disturbance in diverse study systems.

36409148

The associations among cognitive social factors, eHealth literacy and health-promoting behaviors in Chinese adolescents.

The internet is a critical source of health information. It is important to understand online health information seeking related factors among college students, as modifications in this have the potentials to enhance their health-promoting behaviors in their transition into early adulthood. This study assessed the associations among cognitive social factors, eHealth literacy, online health information seeking and health-promoting behaviors; and examined the potential mediation effect of online health information seeking and eHealth literacy on the association between cognitive social factors and health-promoting behaviors. A cross-sectional, Internet-based survey was conducted in a sample of Chinese college students (n = 289) during April to June 2018. The structural model fitted the data well: X2/df = 2.27; CFI = 0.95; TLI = 0.94; RMSEA = 0.07 (95% CI: 0.06, 0.08); SRMR = 0.07 and the results showed that performance expectancy and health motivation were significantly and positively associated with health-promoting behaviors indirectly through eHealth literacy, adjusting for other cognitive social factors, frequency of online health information seeking and background factors. eHealth literacy is a strong mediator of the association between cognitive social factors (performance expectancy and health motivation) and health-promoting behaviors. Implications and potential interventions to promote eHealth literacy and health-promoting behaviors are discussed.

36409149

Burden of mental distress in the US associated with trust in media for COVID-19 information.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, news and social media outlets have played a major role in dissemination of information. This analysis aimed to study the association between trust in social and traditional media and experiences of mental distress among a representative sample of US adults. Data for this study came from National Pandemic Pulse, a cross-sectional, nationally representative survey that sampled participants on the Dynata platform. Participants included 6435 adults surveyed between 15-23 December 2020. Ordinal logistic regression analyses examined the associations of trust in (i) social media, (ii) print media, (iii) broadcast TV and (iv) cable TV, for COVID-19-related information with self-reported mental distress (4-item Patient Health Questionnaire), controlling for sociodemographics and census region. Compared with those who distrusted social media, those who trusted social media had 2.09 times (95% CI = 1.84-2.37) greater adjusted odds of being in a more severe category of mental distress. In pared with those who distrusted print media, those who trusted print media had 0.80 times (95% CI = 0.69-0.93) lower adjusted odds of being in a more severe category of mental distress. No significant associations were found between mental distress and trust in broadcast or cable TV for accessing news about COVID-19. Trust in different news outlets may be associated with mental distress during public health emergencies like the COVID-19 pandemic. Future studies should explore mechanisms behind these associations, including adherence to best practices for crisis reporting among different media sources and exposure of individuals to misinformation.

36409150

Silk Fibroin Combined with Electrospinning as a Promising Strategy for Tissue Regeneration.

The development of tissue engineering scaffolds is of great significance for the repair and regeneration of damaged tissues and organs. Silk fibroin (SF) is a natural protein polymer with good patibility, biodegradability, excellent physical and mechanical properties and processability, making it an ideal universal tissue engineering scaffold material. Nanofibers prepared by electrospinning have attracted extensive attention in the field of tissue engineering due to their excellent mechanical properties, high specific surface area, and similar morphology as to extracellular matrix (ECM). bination of silk fibroin and electrospinning is a promising strategy for the preparation of tissue engineering scaffolds. In this review, the research progress of electrospun silk fibroin nanofibers in the regeneration of skin, vascular, bone, neural, tendons, cardiac, periodontal, ocular and other tissues is discussed in detail.

36409151

The fate of interneurons, GABA

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the mon neurological disease, which is associated with gradual memory loss and correlated with synaptic hyperactivity and abnormal oscillatory rhythmic brain activity that precedes phenotypic alterations and is partly responsible for the spread of the disease pathology. Synaptic hyperactivity is thought to be because of alteration in the homeostasis of phasic and tonic synaptic inhibition, which is orchestrated by the GABA

36409154

Breaching the Barrier: Genome-Wide Investigation into the Role of a Primary Amine in Promoting E. coli Outer-Membrane Passage and Growth Inhibition by Ampicillin.

Gram-negative bacteria are problematic for antibiotic development due to the low permeability of their cell envelopes. To rationally design new antibiotics capable of breaching this barrier, more information is required about the ponents of the cell envelope that prevent the passage pounds with different physiochemical properties. Ampicillin and benzylpenicillin are β-lactam antibiotics with identical chemical structures except for a clever synthetic addition of a primary amine group in ampicillin, which promotes its accumulation in Gram-negatives. Previous work showed that ampicillin is better able to pass through the outer membrane porin OmpF in Escherichia pared to benzylpenicillin. It is not known, however, how the primary amine may affect interaction with other cell ponents. This study applied TraDIS to identify genes that affect E. coli fitness in the presence of equivalent subinhibitory concentrations of ampicillin and benzylpenicillin, with a focus on the cell envelope. Insertions promised the outer membrane, particularly the lipopolysaccharide layer, were found to decrease fitness under benzylpenicillin exposure, but had less effect on fitness under ampicillin treatment. These results align with expectations if benzylpenicillin is poorly able to pass through porins. Disruption of genes encoding the AcrAB-TolC efflux system were detrimental to survival under both antibiotics, but particularly ampicillin. Indeed, insertions in these genes and regulators of

36409152

Metagenomic Next-Generation Sequencing for the Diagnosis of Neonatal Infectious Diseases.

Infectious diseases pose a fatal risk to neonates. Timely and accurate pathogen detection is crucial for proper clinical diagnosis and therapeutic strategies. Limited sample volumes from neonatal patients seriously hindered the accurate detection of pathogens. Here, we unravel that metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) of cell-free DNA (cfDNA) and RNA can achieve unbiased detection of trace pathogens from different kinds of body fluid samples and blood samples. We enrolled 168 neonatal patients with suspected infections from whom blood samples (

36409153

Brain-specific biomarkers in urine as a non-invasive approach to monitor neuronal and glial damage.

This study evaluates the quantitative measurability of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), neurofilament light chain (NfL), ubiquitin carboxy-terminal hydrolase L1 (UCH-L1) and total tau (t-tau) in urine of patients with acute cerebral damage.

36409155

De novo transcriptome analysis of the centrohelid Raphidocystis contractilis to identify genes involved in microtubule-based motility.

The centrohelid heliozoan Raphidocystis contractilis has many radiating axopodia, each containing axopodial microtubules. The axopodia show rapid contraction at nearly a video rate (30 frames per second) in response to mechanical stimuli. The axopodial contraction is panied by cytoskeletal microtubule depolymerization, but the molecular mechanism of this phenomenon has not been elucidated. In this study, we performed de novo transcriptome sequencing of R. contractilis to identify genes involved in microtubule dynamics such as the rapid axopodial contraction. The transcriptome sequencing generated 7.15-Gbp clean reads in total, which were assembled as 31,771 unigenes. Using the obtained gene sets, we identified several microtubule-severing proteins which might be involved in the rapid axopodial contraction, and kinesin-like genes that occur in gene duplication. On the other hand, some genes for microtubule motor proteins involved in the formation and motility of flagella were not found in R. contractilis, suggesting that the gene repertoire of R. contractilis reflected the morphological features of nonflagellated protists. Our transcriptome analysis provides basic information for the analysis of the molecular mechanism underlying microtubule dynamics in R. contractilis.

36409156

Defensosomes: a new role for autophagy proteins in innate immune defense.

In recent years, the contribution of exosomes to immunity, inflammation and host-pathogen interaction have been appreciated. Exosomes are small secreted extracellular vesicles from endosomal origin that contain a myriad of cellular molecules (protein, nucleic acids), including surface receptors. We have reported a pathogen-induced and macroautophagy/autophagy-dependent class of exosomes coined as "defensosomes", which protect the host from membrane-targeting toxins. In a recent study, we found that defensosomes decorated with ACE2, the SARS-CoV-2 cellular receptor, are produced in the lungs of patients with COVID-19, and that increased concentration of ACE2-loaded defensosomes is associated with decreased hospitalization length. Mechanistically, SARS-CoV-2 induces the production of ACE2-coated defensosomes, a process requiring the autophagy machinery, which in turn binds and neutralizes the virus. We propose that defensosomes represent a new form of autophagy-mediated innate immunity that contributes to the host's armamentarium against pathogens.

36409157

Exposure to Childhood Poverty and Racial Differences in Economic Opportunity in Young Adulthood.

Young adults in the United States, especially young Black adults, experience high poverty rates relative to other age groups. Prior research has largely attributed racial disparities in young adult poverty to differential attainment of benchmarks related to education, employment, and family formation. This study investigates that mechanism alongside racial differences in childhood poverty exposure. Analyses of Panel Study of e Dynamics data reveal that racial differences in childhood poverty are more consequential than differential attainment of education, employment, and family formation benchmarks in shaping racial differences in young adult poverty. Whereas benchmark attainment reduces an individual's likelihood of poverty, racial differences in benchmark attainment do not meaningfully explain Black-White poverty gaps for three reasons. First, childhood poverty is negatively associated with benchmark attainment, generating strong selection effects into the behavioral characteristics associated with lower poverty. Second, benchmark attainment does not equalize poverty rates among Black and White men. Third, Black children experience four times the poverty rate of White children, and childhood poverty has lingering negative consequences for young adult poverty. Although equalizing benchmark attainment would reduce Black-White gaps in young adult poverty, equalizing childhood poverty exposure would have twice the reduction effect.

36409159

The treatment of aneurysmal bone cysts.

Aneurysmal bone cysts are rare, locally aggressive bone tumors. Optimal treatment of ABCs is still matter of debate as therapies including sclerotherapy, selective arterial embolization and systemic treatment with denosumab are increasingly utilized, in addition to or instead of traditional curettage. The purpose of this review is to discuss current concepts and difficulties in diagnosing and treating primary ABCs, based on latest available literature.

36409160

Corrigendum to "Vimala, A. Hyponatremia among patients admitted in critical care unit at tertiary care hospitals."

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1016/j.ekir.2020.02.590.].

36409162

Quantitative collagen analysis using second harmonic generation images for the detection of basal cell carcinoma with ex vivo multiphoton microscopy.

Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the mon skin cancer, and its incidence is rising. Millions of benign biopsies are performed annually for BCC diagnosis, increasing morbidity, and healthcare costs. Non-invasive in vivo technologies such as multiphoton microscopy (MPM) can aid in diagnosing BCC, reducing the need for biopsies. Furthermore, the second harmonic generation (SHG) signal generated from MPM can classify and prognosticate cancers based on extracellular matrix changes, especially collagen type I. We explored the potential of MPM to differentiate collagen changes associated with different BCC pared to normal skin structures and benign lesions. Quantitative analysis such as frequency band energy analysis in Fourier domain, CurveAlign and CT-FIRE fibre analysis was performed on SHG images from 52 BCC and 12 benign lesions samples. Our results showed that collagen distribution is more aligned surrounding BCCs pared to the skin's normal structures (p < 0.001) and benign lesions (p < 0.001). Also, collagen was orientated more parallelly surrounding indolent BCC subtypes (superficial and nodular) versus those with more aggressive behaviour (infiltrative BCC) (p = 0.021). In conclusion, SHG signal from type I collagen can aid not only in the diagnosis of BCC but could be useful for prognosticating these tumors. Our initial results are limited to a small number of samples, requiring large-scale studies to validate them. These findings represent the groundwork for future in vivo MPM for diagnosis and prognosis of BCC.

36409163

Lipid extract from blue mussel (Mytilus edulis) improves glycemic traits in Chinese type 2 diabetic mellitus patients: a double-blind randomized controlled trial.

Studies have shown that blue mussel lipid extract (BMLE) has strong anti-inflammatory activity in both rheumatoid arthritis patients and animal arthritis models. Chronic inflammation was closely related to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Though the beneficial effects cannot pletely attributed to n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, the aim of this study was to investigate whether BMLE can improve glycemic traits of T2DM patients.

36409164

Mandibular Mucormycosis: A Report of Four Cases and a Discussion on Their Management.

Mucormycosis of the mandible (MOM) is a rare fungal infection, and only 23 cases had been reported during the last 50 years worldwide, from seven different countries. Most of the cases were reported in India (n=8, 34%), followed by the United States (n=5, 22%). It is usually associated with an promised state and generally occurs after tooth extraction. Radiographically, it presents with the characteristic sign of osteomyelitis. Most of the previous case reports/series on MOM described successful es with the resection of the involved segment. However, our experience in managing these cases was quite different and it was observed that resection is seldom required. It was seen that MOM rarely causes cortical perforation. One of the probable reasons is the thicker cortical bone and well-confined boundary of the mandible. Another reason could be the fulminating nature of the disease that leads it to rapidly spread in less resistant medullary bone before perforating cortical bone. During surgery, a clear line was seen separating necrotic medullary bone from healthy cortical bone. The thicker cortical bone of the mandible was found to be resistant to fungal invasion; however, the medullary bone was rapidly invaded. Therefore, the healthy cortical bone could be saved. The preservation of the cortical parts thus helps in maintaining the continuity of the bone. Surgical curettage of necrotic medullary bone is usually the optimal method to manage MOM affecting the mandibular body or ramus region.

36409165

Correction to: Yu Hasegawa, Ruisong Pei, Ruma Raghuvanshi, Federico Rey, Zhenhua Liu, Bradley Bolling, Yogurt Supplementation Attenuated Insulin Resistance in Obese Mice by Reducing Systemic Markers of Metabolic Endotoxemia and Inflammation, Current Developments in Nutrition.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1093/cdn/nzac068.009.].

36409161

Morphine mediated neutrophil infiltration in intestinal tissue play essential role in histological damage and microbial dysbiosis.

The gut microbial ecosystem exhibits plex munication with the host and is one of the key contributing factors in determining mucosal immune homeostasis or an inflammatory state. Opioid use has been established to induce gut microbial dysbiosis consistent with increased intestinal tissue inflammation. In this study, we investigated the role of infiltrated immune cells in morphine-induced intestinal tissue damage and gut microbial dysbiosis in mice. Results reveal a significant increase in chemokine expression in intestinal tissues followed by increased neutrophil infiltration post morphine treatment which is direct consequence of a dysbiotic microbiome since the effect is attenuated in antibiotics treated animals and in germ-free mice. Neutrophil neutralization using anti-Ly6G monoclonal antibody showed a significant decrease in tissue damage and an increase in tight junction protein organization. 16S rRNA sequencing on intestinal samples highlighted the role of infiltrated neutrophils in modulating munity structure by providing a growth benefit for pathogenic bacteria, such as

36409166

Correction to: Spike Sorting of Non-Stationary Data in Successive Intervals Based on Dirichlet Process Mixtures.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1007/s11571-022-09781-7.].

36409168

Favourable outcomes of conservatively managed acute abdomen associated with multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Abdominal pain is one of the mon symptoms of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C). Abdominal pain can vary from mild to severe and may present as acute abdomen. Severe abdominal pain in patients with MIS-C should be differentiated from surgical causes of acute abdomen to prevent unnecessary surgery.

36409170

Correction to: Cardioprotective effect of Hrudroga Chintamani Rasa in isoproterenol induced cardiotoxicity in male Sprague Dawley rats.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1007/s40200-022-01012-4.].

36409171

Long noncoding RNA LINC01882 ameliorates aGVHD via skewing CD4

Acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) is a severe T cell-mediated immune response after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT), the molecular mechanisms remain to be elucidated and novel treatments are necessary to be developed. In the present study, we found that the expression of long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) LINC01882 decreased significantly in the peripheral blood CD4