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1 | 1890-1893 | But
the surface S can be made as small as you like, i e , the volume v can be
made vanishingly small This means there is no net charge at any point
inside the conductor, and any excess charge must reside at the surface |
1 | 1891-1894 | e , the volume v can be
made vanishingly small This means there is no net charge at any point
inside the conductor, and any excess charge must reside at the surface 4 |
1 | 1892-1895 | , the volume v can be
made vanishingly small This means there is no net charge at any point
inside the conductor, and any excess charge must reside at the surface 4 Electrostatic potential is constant throughout the volume
of the conductor and has the same value (as inside) on
its surface
This follows from results 1 and 2 above |
1 | 1893-1896 | This means there is no net charge at any point
inside the conductor, and any excess charge must reside at the surface 4 Electrostatic potential is constant throughout the volume
of the conductor and has the same value (as inside) on
its surface
This follows from results 1 and 2 above Since E = 0 inside the conductor
and has no tangential component on the surface, no work is done in
moving a small test charge within the conductor and on its surface |
1 | 1894-1897 | 4 Electrostatic potential is constant throughout the volume
of the conductor and has the same value (as inside) on
its surface
This follows from results 1 and 2 above Since E = 0 inside the conductor
and has no tangential component on the surface, no work is done in
moving a small test charge within the conductor and on its surface That
is, there is no potential difference between any two points inside or on
the surface of the conductor |
1 | 1895-1898 | Electrostatic potential is constant throughout the volume
of the conductor and has the same value (as inside) on
its surface
This follows from results 1 and 2 above Since E = 0 inside the conductor
and has no tangential component on the surface, no work is done in
moving a small test charge within the conductor and on its surface That
is, there is no potential difference between any two points inside or on
the surface of the conductor Hence, the result |
1 | 1896-1899 | Since E = 0 inside the conductor
and has no tangential component on the surface, no work is done in
moving a small test charge within the conductor and on its surface That
is, there is no potential difference between any two points inside or on
the surface of the conductor Hence, the result If the conductor is charged,
Rationalised 2023-24
Electrostatic Potential
and Capacitance
63
electric field normal to the surface exists; this means potential will be
different for the surface and a point just outside the surface |
1 | 1897-1900 | That
is, there is no potential difference between any two points inside or on
the surface of the conductor Hence, the result If the conductor is charged,
Rationalised 2023-24
Electrostatic Potential
and Capacitance
63
electric field normal to the surface exists; this means potential will be
different for the surface and a point just outside the surface In a system of conductors of arbitrary size, shape and
charge configuration, each conductor is characterised by a constant
value of potential, but this constant may differ from one conductor to
the other |
1 | 1898-1901 | Hence, the result If the conductor is charged,
Rationalised 2023-24
Electrostatic Potential
and Capacitance
63
electric field normal to the surface exists; this means potential will be
different for the surface and a point just outside the surface In a system of conductors of arbitrary size, shape and
charge configuration, each conductor is characterised by a constant
value of potential, but this constant may differ from one conductor to
the other 5 |
1 | 1899-1902 | If the conductor is charged,
Rationalised 2023-24
Electrostatic Potential
and Capacitance
63
electric field normal to the surface exists; this means potential will be
different for the surface and a point just outside the surface In a system of conductors of arbitrary size, shape and
charge configuration, each conductor is characterised by a constant
value of potential, but this constant may differ from one conductor to
the other 5 Electric field at the surface of a charged conductor
0
E=εσˆ
n
(2 |
1 | 1900-1903 | In a system of conductors of arbitrary size, shape and
charge configuration, each conductor is characterised by a constant
value of potential, but this constant may differ from one conductor to
the other 5 Electric field at the surface of a charged conductor
0
E=εσˆ
n
(2 35)
where s is the surface charge density and ˆn is a unit vector normal
to the surface in the outward direction |
1 | 1901-1904 | 5 Electric field at the surface of a charged conductor
0
E=εσˆ
n
(2 35)
where s is the surface charge density and ˆn is a unit vector normal
to the surface in the outward direction To derive the result, choose a pill box (a short cylinder) as the Gaussian
surface about any point P on the surface, as shown in Fig |
1 | 1902-1905 | Electric field at the surface of a charged conductor
0
E=εσˆ
n
(2 35)
where s is the surface charge density and ˆn is a unit vector normal
to the surface in the outward direction To derive the result, choose a pill box (a short cylinder) as the Gaussian
surface about any point P on the surface, as shown in Fig 2 |
1 | 1903-1906 | 35)
where s is the surface charge density and ˆn is a unit vector normal
to the surface in the outward direction To derive the result, choose a pill box (a short cylinder) as the Gaussian
surface about any point P on the surface, as shown in Fig 2 17 |
1 | 1904-1907 | To derive the result, choose a pill box (a short cylinder) as the Gaussian
surface about any point P on the surface, as shown in Fig 2 17 The pill
box is partly inside and partly outside the surface of the conductor |
1 | 1905-1908 | 2 17 The pill
box is partly inside and partly outside the surface of the conductor It
has a small area of cross section d S and negligible height |
1 | 1906-1909 | 17 The pill
box is partly inside and partly outside the surface of the conductor It
has a small area of cross section d S and negligible height Just inside the surface, the electrostatic field is zero; just outside, the
field is normal to the surface with magnitude E |
1 | 1907-1910 | The pill
box is partly inside and partly outside the surface of the conductor It
has a small area of cross section d S and negligible height Just inside the surface, the electrostatic field is zero; just outside, the
field is normal to the surface with magnitude E Thus,
the contribution to the total flux through the pill box
comes only from the outside (circular) cross-section
of the pill box |
1 | 1908-1911 | It
has a small area of cross section d S and negligible height Just inside the surface, the electrostatic field is zero; just outside, the
field is normal to the surface with magnitude E Thus,
the contribution to the total flux through the pill box
comes only from the outside (circular) cross-section
of the pill box This equals ± EdS (positive for s > 0,
negative for s < 0), since over the small area dS, E
may be considered constant and E and dS are parallel
or antiparallel |
1 | 1909-1912 | Just inside the surface, the electrostatic field is zero; just outside, the
field is normal to the surface with magnitude E Thus,
the contribution to the total flux through the pill box
comes only from the outside (circular) cross-section
of the pill box This equals ± EdS (positive for s > 0,
negative for s < 0), since over the small area dS, E
may be considered constant and E and dS are parallel
or antiparallel The charge enclosed by the pill box
is sdS |
1 | 1910-1913 | Thus,
the contribution to the total flux through the pill box
comes only from the outside (circular) cross-section
of the pill box This equals ± EdS (positive for s > 0,
negative for s < 0), since over the small area dS, E
may be considered constant and E and dS are parallel
or antiparallel The charge enclosed by the pill box
is sdS By Gauss’s law
EdS =
0
S
σ δ
ε
E =
0
εσ
(2 |
1 | 1911-1914 | This equals ± EdS (positive for s > 0,
negative for s < 0), since over the small area dS, E
may be considered constant and E and dS are parallel
or antiparallel The charge enclosed by the pill box
is sdS By Gauss’s law
EdS =
0
S
σ δ
ε
E =
0
εσ
(2 36)
Including the fact that electric field is normal to the
surface, we get the vector relation, Eq |
1 | 1912-1915 | The charge enclosed by the pill box
is sdS By Gauss’s law
EdS =
0
S
σ δ
ε
E =
0
εσ
(2 36)
Including the fact that electric field is normal to the
surface, we get the vector relation, Eq (2 |
1 | 1913-1916 | By Gauss’s law
EdS =
0
S
σ δ
ε
E =
0
εσ
(2 36)
Including the fact that electric field is normal to the
surface, we get the vector relation, Eq (2 35), which
is true for both signs of s |
1 | 1914-1917 | 36)
Including the fact that electric field is normal to the
surface, we get the vector relation, Eq (2 35), which
is true for both signs of s For s > 0, electric field is
normal to the surface outward; for s < 0, electric field
is normal to the surface inward |
1 | 1915-1918 | (2 35), which
is true for both signs of s For s > 0, electric field is
normal to the surface outward; for s < 0, electric field
is normal to the surface inward 6 |
1 | 1916-1919 | 35), which
is true for both signs of s For s > 0, electric field is
normal to the surface outward; for s < 0, electric field
is normal to the surface inward 6 Electrostatic shielding
Consider a conductor with a cavity, with no charges inside the cavity |
1 | 1917-1920 | For s > 0, electric field is
normal to the surface outward; for s < 0, electric field
is normal to the surface inward 6 Electrostatic shielding
Consider a conductor with a cavity, with no charges inside the cavity A
remarkable result is that the electric field inside the cavity is zero, whatever
be the size and shape of the cavity and whatever be the charge on the
conductor and the external fields in which it might be placed |
1 | 1918-1921 | 6 Electrostatic shielding
Consider a conductor with a cavity, with no charges inside the cavity A
remarkable result is that the electric field inside the cavity is zero, whatever
be the size and shape of the cavity and whatever be the charge on the
conductor and the external fields in which it might be placed We have
proved a simple case of this result already: the electric field inside a charged
spherical shell is zero |
1 | 1919-1922 | Electrostatic shielding
Consider a conductor with a cavity, with no charges inside the cavity A
remarkable result is that the electric field inside the cavity is zero, whatever
be the size and shape of the cavity and whatever be the charge on the
conductor and the external fields in which it might be placed We have
proved a simple case of this result already: the electric field inside a charged
spherical shell is zero The proof of the result for the shell makes use of
the spherical symmetry of the shell (see Chapter 1) |
1 | 1920-1923 | A
remarkable result is that the electric field inside the cavity is zero, whatever
be the size and shape of the cavity and whatever be the charge on the
conductor and the external fields in which it might be placed We have
proved a simple case of this result already: the electric field inside a charged
spherical shell is zero The proof of the result for the shell makes use of
the spherical symmetry of the shell (see Chapter 1) But the vanishing of
electric field in the (charge-free) cavity of a conductor is, as mentioned
above, a very general result |
1 | 1921-1924 | We have
proved a simple case of this result already: the electric field inside a charged
spherical shell is zero The proof of the result for the shell makes use of
the spherical symmetry of the shell (see Chapter 1) But the vanishing of
electric field in the (charge-free) cavity of a conductor is, as mentioned
above, a very general result A related result is that even if the conductor
FIGURE 2 |
1 | 1922-1925 | The proof of the result for the shell makes use of
the spherical symmetry of the shell (see Chapter 1) But the vanishing of
electric field in the (charge-free) cavity of a conductor is, as mentioned
above, a very general result A related result is that even if the conductor
FIGURE 2 17 The Gaussian surface
(a pill box) chosen to derive Eq |
1 | 1923-1926 | But the vanishing of
electric field in the (charge-free) cavity of a conductor is, as mentioned
above, a very general result A related result is that even if the conductor
FIGURE 2 17 The Gaussian surface
(a pill box) chosen to derive Eq (2 |
1 | 1924-1927 | A related result is that even if the conductor
FIGURE 2 17 The Gaussian surface
(a pill box) chosen to derive Eq (2 35)
for electric field at the surface of a
charged conductor |
1 | 1925-1928 | 17 The Gaussian surface
(a pill box) chosen to derive Eq (2 35)
for electric field at the surface of a
charged conductor Rationalised 2023-24
Physics
64
EXAMPLE 2 |
1 | 1926-1929 | (2 35)
for electric field at the surface of a
charged conductor Rationalised 2023-24
Physics
64
EXAMPLE 2 7
FIGURE 2 |
1 | 1927-1930 | 35)
for electric field at the surface of a
charged conductor Rationalised 2023-24
Physics
64
EXAMPLE 2 7
FIGURE 2 18 The electric field inside a
cavity of any conductor is zero |
1 | 1928-1931 | Rationalised 2023-24
Physics
64
EXAMPLE 2 7
FIGURE 2 18 The electric field inside a
cavity of any conductor is zero All
charges reside only on the outer surface
of a conductor with cavity |
1 | 1929-1932 | 7
FIGURE 2 18 The electric field inside a
cavity of any conductor is zero All
charges reside only on the outer surface
of a conductor with cavity (There are no
charges placed in the cavity |
1 | 1930-1933 | 18 The electric field inside a
cavity of any conductor is zero All
charges reside only on the outer surface
of a conductor with cavity (There are no
charges placed in the cavity )
is charged or charges are induced on a neutral
conductor by an external field, all charges reside
only on the outer surface of a conductor with cavity |
1 | 1931-1934 | All
charges reside only on the outer surface
of a conductor with cavity (There are no
charges placed in the cavity )
is charged or charges are induced on a neutral
conductor by an external field, all charges reside
only on the outer surface of a conductor with cavity The proofs of the results noted in Fig |
1 | 1932-1935 | (There are no
charges placed in the cavity )
is charged or charges are induced on a neutral
conductor by an external field, all charges reside
only on the outer surface of a conductor with cavity The proofs of the results noted in Fig 2 |
1 | 1933-1936 | )
is charged or charges are induced on a neutral
conductor by an external field, all charges reside
only on the outer surface of a conductor with cavity The proofs of the results noted in Fig 2 18 are
omitted here, but we note their important
implication |
1 | 1934-1937 | The proofs of the results noted in Fig 2 18 are
omitted here, but we note their important
implication Whatever be the charge and field
configuration outside, any cavity in a conductor
remains shielded from outside electric influence: the
field inside the cavity is always zero |
1 | 1935-1938 | 2 18 are
omitted here, but we note their important
implication Whatever be the charge and field
configuration outside, any cavity in a conductor
remains shielded from outside electric influence: the
field inside the cavity is always zero This is known
as electrostatic shielding |
1 | 1936-1939 | 18 are
omitted here, but we note their important
implication Whatever be the charge and field
configuration outside, any cavity in a conductor
remains shielded from outside electric influence: the
field inside the cavity is always zero This is known
as electrostatic shielding The effect can be made
use of in protecting sensitive instruments from
outside electrical influence |
1 | 1937-1940 | Whatever be the charge and field
configuration outside, any cavity in a conductor
remains shielded from outside electric influence: the
field inside the cavity is always zero This is known
as electrostatic shielding The effect can be made
use of in protecting sensitive instruments from
outside electrical influence Figure 2 |
1 | 1938-1941 | This is known
as electrostatic shielding The effect can be made
use of in protecting sensitive instruments from
outside electrical influence Figure 2 19 gives a
summary of the important electrostatic properties
of a conductor |
1 | 1939-1942 | The effect can be made
use of in protecting sensitive instruments from
outside electrical influence Figure 2 19 gives a
summary of the important electrostatic properties
of a conductor Example 2 |
1 | 1940-1943 | Figure 2 19 gives a
summary of the important electrostatic properties
of a conductor Example 2 7
(a) A comb run through one’s dry hair attracts small bits of paper |
1 | 1941-1944 | 19 gives a
summary of the important electrostatic properties
of a conductor Example 2 7
(a) A comb run through one’s dry hair attracts small bits of paper Why |
1 | 1942-1945 | Example 2 7
(a) A comb run through one’s dry hair attracts small bits of paper Why What happens if the hair is wet or if it is a rainy day |
1 | 1943-1946 | 7
(a) A comb run through one’s dry hair attracts small bits of paper Why What happens if the hair is wet or if it is a rainy day (Remember,
a paper does not conduct electricity |
1 | 1944-1947 | Why What happens if the hair is wet or if it is a rainy day (Remember,
a paper does not conduct electricity )
(b) Ordinary rubber is an insulator |
1 | 1945-1948 | What happens if the hair is wet or if it is a rainy day (Remember,
a paper does not conduct electricity )
(b) Ordinary rubber is an insulator But special rubber tyres of
aircraft are made slightly conducting |
1 | 1946-1949 | (Remember,
a paper does not conduct electricity )
(b) Ordinary rubber is an insulator But special rubber tyres of
aircraft are made slightly conducting Why is this necessary |
1 | 1947-1950 | )
(b) Ordinary rubber is an insulator But special rubber tyres of
aircraft are made slightly conducting Why is this necessary (c) Vehicles carrying inflammable materials usually have metallic
ropes touching the ground during motion |
1 | 1948-1951 | But special rubber tyres of
aircraft are made slightly conducting Why is this necessary (c) Vehicles carrying inflammable materials usually have metallic
ropes touching the ground during motion Why |
1 | 1949-1952 | Why is this necessary (c) Vehicles carrying inflammable materials usually have metallic
ropes touching the ground during motion Why (d) A bird perches on a bare high power line, and nothing happens
to the bird |
1 | 1950-1953 | (c) Vehicles carrying inflammable materials usually have metallic
ropes touching the ground during motion Why (d) A bird perches on a bare high power line, and nothing happens
to the bird A man standing on the ground touches the same line
and gets a fatal shock |
1 | 1951-1954 | Why (d) A bird perches on a bare high power line, and nothing happens
to the bird A man standing on the ground touches the same line
and gets a fatal shock Why |
1 | 1952-1955 | (d) A bird perches on a bare high power line, and nothing happens
to the bird A man standing on the ground touches the same line
and gets a fatal shock Why Solution
(a) This is because the comb gets charged by friction |
1 | 1953-1956 | A man standing on the ground touches the same line
and gets a fatal shock Why Solution
(a) This is because the comb gets charged by friction The molecules
in the paper gets polarised by the charged comb, resulting in a
net force of attraction |
1 | 1954-1957 | Why Solution
(a) This is because the comb gets charged by friction The molecules
in the paper gets polarised by the charged comb, resulting in a
net force of attraction If the hair is wet, or if it is rainy day, friction
between hair and the comb reduces |
1 | 1955-1958 | Solution
(a) This is because the comb gets charged by friction The molecules
in the paper gets polarised by the charged comb, resulting in a
net force of attraction If the hair is wet, or if it is rainy day, friction
between hair and the comb reduces The comb does not get
charged and thus it will not attract small bits of paper |
1 | 1956-1959 | The molecules
in the paper gets polarised by the charged comb, resulting in a
net force of attraction If the hair is wet, or if it is rainy day, friction
between hair and the comb reduces The comb does not get
charged and thus it will not attract small bits of paper FIGURE 2 |
1 | 1957-1960 | If the hair is wet, or if it is rainy day, friction
between hair and the comb reduces The comb does not get
charged and thus it will not attract small bits of paper FIGURE 2 19 Some important electrostatic properties of a conductor |
1 | 1958-1961 | The comb does not get
charged and thus it will not attract small bits of paper FIGURE 2 19 Some important electrostatic properties of a conductor Rationalised 2023-24
Electrostatic Potential
and Capacitance
65
EXAMPLE 2 |
1 | 1959-1962 | FIGURE 2 19 Some important electrostatic properties of a conductor Rationalised 2023-24
Electrostatic Potential
and Capacitance
65
EXAMPLE 2 7
(b) To enable them to conduct charge (produced by friction) to the
ground; as too much of static electricity accumulated may result
in spark and result in fire |
1 | 1960-1963 | 19 Some important electrostatic properties of a conductor Rationalised 2023-24
Electrostatic Potential
and Capacitance
65
EXAMPLE 2 7
(b) To enable them to conduct charge (produced by friction) to the
ground; as too much of static electricity accumulated may result
in spark and result in fire (c) Reason similar to (b) |
1 | 1961-1964 | Rationalised 2023-24
Electrostatic Potential
and Capacitance
65
EXAMPLE 2 7
(b) To enable them to conduct charge (produced by friction) to the
ground; as too much of static electricity accumulated may result
in spark and result in fire (c) Reason similar to (b) (d) Current passes only when there is difference in potential |
1 | 1962-1965 | 7
(b) To enable them to conduct charge (produced by friction) to the
ground; as too much of static electricity accumulated may result
in spark and result in fire (c) Reason similar to (b) (d) Current passes only when there is difference in potential 2 |
1 | 1963-1966 | (c) Reason similar to (b) (d) Current passes only when there is difference in potential 2 10 DIELECTRICS AND POLARISATION
Dielectrics are non-conducting substances |
1 | 1964-1967 | (d) Current passes only when there is difference in potential 2 10 DIELECTRICS AND POLARISATION
Dielectrics are non-conducting substances In contrast to conductors,
they have no (or negligible number of ) charge carriers |
1 | 1965-1968 | 2 10 DIELECTRICS AND POLARISATION
Dielectrics are non-conducting substances In contrast to conductors,
they have no (or negligible number of ) charge carriers Recall from Section
2 |
1 | 1966-1969 | 10 DIELECTRICS AND POLARISATION
Dielectrics are non-conducting substances In contrast to conductors,
they have no (or negligible number of ) charge carriers Recall from Section
2 9 what happens when a conductor is placed in an
external electric field |
1 | 1967-1970 | In contrast to conductors,
they have no (or negligible number of ) charge carriers Recall from Section
2 9 what happens when a conductor is placed in an
external electric field The free charge carriers move
and charge distribution in the conductor adjusts
itself in such a way that the electric field due to
induced charges opposes the external field within
the conductor |
1 | 1968-1971 | Recall from Section
2 9 what happens when a conductor is placed in an
external electric field The free charge carriers move
and charge distribution in the conductor adjusts
itself in such a way that the electric field due to
induced charges opposes the external field within
the conductor This happens until, in the static
situation, the two fields cancel each other and the
net electrostatic field in the conductor is zero |
1 | 1969-1972 | 9 what happens when a conductor is placed in an
external electric field The free charge carriers move
and charge distribution in the conductor adjusts
itself in such a way that the electric field due to
induced charges opposes the external field within
the conductor This happens until, in the static
situation, the two fields cancel each other and the
net electrostatic field in the conductor is zero In a
dielectric, this free movement of charges is not
possible |
1 | 1970-1973 | The free charge carriers move
and charge distribution in the conductor adjusts
itself in such a way that the electric field due to
induced charges opposes the external field within
the conductor This happens until, in the static
situation, the two fields cancel each other and the
net electrostatic field in the conductor is zero In a
dielectric, this free movement of charges is not
possible It turns out that the external field induces
dipole moment by stretching or re-orienting
molecules of the dielectric |
1 | 1971-1974 | This happens until, in the static
situation, the two fields cancel each other and the
net electrostatic field in the conductor is zero In a
dielectric, this free movement of charges is not
possible It turns out that the external field induces
dipole moment by stretching or re-orienting
molecules of the dielectric The collective effect of all
the molecular dipole moments is net charges on the
surface of the dielectric which produce a field that
opposes the external field |
1 | 1972-1975 | In a
dielectric, this free movement of charges is not
possible It turns out that the external field induces
dipole moment by stretching or re-orienting
molecules of the dielectric The collective effect of all
the molecular dipole moments is net charges on the
surface of the dielectric which produce a field that
opposes the external field Unlike in a conductor,
however, the opposing field so induced does not
exactly cancel the external field |
1 | 1973-1976 | It turns out that the external field induces
dipole moment by stretching or re-orienting
molecules of the dielectric The collective effect of all
the molecular dipole moments is net charges on the
surface of the dielectric which produce a field that
opposes the external field Unlike in a conductor,
however, the opposing field so induced does not
exactly cancel the external field It only reduces it |
1 | 1974-1977 | The collective effect of all
the molecular dipole moments is net charges on the
surface of the dielectric which produce a field that
opposes the external field Unlike in a conductor,
however, the opposing field so induced does not
exactly cancel the external field It only reduces it The extent of the effect depends on the
nature of the dielectric |
1 | 1975-1978 | Unlike in a conductor,
however, the opposing field so induced does not
exactly cancel the external field It only reduces it The extent of the effect depends on the
nature of the dielectric To understand the
effect, we need to look at the charge
distribution of a dielectric at the
molecular level |
1 | 1976-1979 | It only reduces it The extent of the effect depends on the
nature of the dielectric To understand the
effect, we need to look at the charge
distribution of a dielectric at the
molecular level The molecules of a substance may be
polar or non-polar |
1 | 1977-1980 | The extent of the effect depends on the
nature of the dielectric To understand the
effect, we need to look at the charge
distribution of a dielectric at the
molecular level The molecules of a substance may be
polar or non-polar In a non-polar
molecule, the centres of positive and
negative charges coincide |
1 | 1978-1981 | To understand the
effect, we need to look at the charge
distribution of a dielectric at the
molecular level The molecules of a substance may be
polar or non-polar In a non-polar
molecule, the centres of positive and
negative charges coincide The molecule
then has no permanent (or intrinsic) dipole
moment |
1 | 1979-1982 | The molecules of a substance may be
polar or non-polar In a non-polar
molecule, the centres of positive and
negative charges coincide The molecule
then has no permanent (or intrinsic) dipole
moment Examples of non-polar molecules
are oxygen (O2) and hydrogen (H2)
molecules which, because of their
symmetry, have no dipole moment |
1 | 1980-1983 | In a non-polar
molecule, the centres of positive and
negative charges coincide The molecule
then has no permanent (or intrinsic) dipole
moment Examples of non-polar molecules
are oxygen (O2) and hydrogen (H2)
molecules which, because of their
symmetry, have no dipole moment On the
other hand, a polar molecule is one in which
the centres of positive and negative charges
are separated (even when there is no
external field) |
1 | 1981-1984 | The molecule
then has no permanent (or intrinsic) dipole
moment Examples of non-polar molecules
are oxygen (O2) and hydrogen (H2)
molecules which, because of their
symmetry, have no dipole moment On the
other hand, a polar molecule is one in which
the centres of positive and negative charges
are separated (even when there is no
external field) Such molecules have a
permanent dipole moment |
1 | 1982-1985 | Examples of non-polar molecules
are oxygen (O2) and hydrogen (H2)
molecules which, because of their
symmetry, have no dipole moment On the
other hand, a polar molecule is one in which
the centres of positive and negative charges
are separated (even when there is no
external field) Such molecules have a
permanent dipole moment An ionic
molecule such as HCl or a molecule of water
(H2O) are examples of polar molecules |
1 | 1983-1986 | On the
other hand, a polar molecule is one in which
the centres of positive and negative charges
are separated (even when there is no
external field) Such molecules have a
permanent dipole moment An ionic
molecule such as HCl or a molecule of water
(H2O) are examples of polar molecules FIGURE 2 |
1 | 1984-1987 | Such molecules have a
permanent dipole moment An ionic
molecule such as HCl or a molecule of water
(H2O) are examples of polar molecules FIGURE 2 20 Difference in behaviour
of a conductor and a dielectric
in an external electric field |
1 | 1985-1988 | An ionic
molecule such as HCl or a molecule of water
(H2O) are examples of polar molecules FIGURE 2 20 Difference in behaviour
of a conductor and a dielectric
in an external electric field FIGURE 2 |
1 | 1986-1989 | FIGURE 2 20 Difference in behaviour
of a conductor and a dielectric
in an external electric field FIGURE 2 21 Some examples of polar
and non-polar molecules |
1 | 1987-1990 | 20 Difference in behaviour
of a conductor and a dielectric
in an external electric field FIGURE 2 21 Some examples of polar
and non-polar molecules Rationalised 2023-24
Physics
66
In an external electric field, the
positive and negative charges of a non-
polar molecule are displaced in opposite
directions |
1 | 1988-1991 | FIGURE 2 21 Some examples of polar
and non-polar molecules Rationalised 2023-24
Physics
66
In an external electric field, the
positive and negative charges of a non-
polar molecule are displaced in opposite
directions The displacement stops when
the external force on the constituent
charges of the molecule is balanced by
the restoring force (due to internal fields
in the molecule) |
1 | 1989-1992 | 21 Some examples of polar
and non-polar molecules Rationalised 2023-24
Physics
66
In an external electric field, the
positive and negative charges of a non-
polar molecule are displaced in opposite
directions The displacement stops when
the external force on the constituent
charges of the molecule is balanced by
the restoring force (due to internal fields
in the molecule) The non-polar molecule
thus develops an induced dipole moment |
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