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1 | 5990-5993 | To express it in the same form as the dc power (P = I 2R), a
special value of current is used It is called root mean square (rms)
current and is donoted by I:
0 707
2
m
m
i
I
i
=
=
Similarly, the rms voltage is defined by
0 707
2
m
m
v
V
v
=
=
We have P = IV = I 2R
3 |
1 | 5991-5994 | It is called root mean square (rms)
current and is donoted by I:
0 707
2
m
m
i
I
i
=
=
Similarly, the rms voltage is defined by
0 707
2
m
m
v
V
v
=
=
We have P = IV = I 2R
3 An ac voltage v = vm sin wt applied to a pure inductor L, drives a current
in the inductor i = im sin (wt – p/2), where im = vm/XL |
1 | 5992-5995 | 707
2
m
m
i
I
i
=
=
Similarly, the rms voltage is defined by
0 707
2
m
m
v
V
v
=
=
We have P = IV = I 2R
3 An ac voltage v = vm sin wt applied to a pure inductor L, drives a current
in the inductor i = im sin (wt – p/2), where im = vm/XL XL = wL is called
inductive reactance |
1 | 5993-5996 | 707
2
m
m
v
V
v
=
=
We have P = IV = I 2R
3 An ac voltage v = vm sin wt applied to a pure inductor L, drives a current
in the inductor i = im sin (wt – p/2), where im = vm/XL XL = wL is called
inductive reactance The current in the inductor lags the voltage by
p/2 |
1 | 5994-5997 | An ac voltage v = vm sin wt applied to a pure inductor L, drives a current
in the inductor i = im sin (wt – p/2), where im = vm/XL XL = wL is called
inductive reactance The current in the inductor lags the voltage by
p/2 The average power supplied to an inductor over one complete cycle
is zero |
1 | 5995-5998 | XL = wL is called
inductive reactance The current in the inductor lags the voltage by
p/2 The average power supplied to an inductor over one complete cycle
is zero design of the core or the air gaps in the core |
1 | 5996-5999 | The current in the inductor lags the voltage by
p/2 The average power supplied to an inductor over one complete cycle
is zero design of the core or the air gaps in the core It can be reduced by
winding the primary and secondary coils one over the other |
1 | 5997-6000 | The average power supplied to an inductor over one complete cycle
is zero design of the core or the air gaps in the core It can be reduced by
winding the primary and secondary coils one over the other (ii) Resistance of the windings: The wire used for the windings has some
resistance and so, energy is lost due to heat produced in the wire
(I 2R) |
1 | 5998-6001 | design of the core or the air gaps in the core It can be reduced by
winding the primary and secondary coils one over the other (ii) Resistance of the windings: The wire used for the windings has some
resistance and so, energy is lost due to heat produced in the wire
(I 2R) In high current, low voltage windings, these are minimised by
using thick wire |
1 | 5999-6002 | It can be reduced by
winding the primary and secondary coils one over the other (ii) Resistance of the windings: The wire used for the windings has some
resistance and so, energy is lost due to heat produced in the wire
(I 2R) In high current, low voltage windings, these are minimised by
using thick wire (iii) Eddy currents: The alternating magnetic flux induces eddy currents
in the iron core and causes heating |
1 | 6000-6003 | (ii) Resistance of the windings: The wire used for the windings has some
resistance and so, energy is lost due to heat produced in the wire
(I 2R) In high current, low voltage windings, these are minimised by
using thick wire (iii) Eddy currents: The alternating magnetic flux induces eddy currents
in the iron core and causes heating The effect is reduced by using a
laminated core |
1 | 6001-6004 | In high current, low voltage windings, these are minimised by
using thick wire (iii) Eddy currents: The alternating magnetic flux induces eddy currents
in the iron core and causes heating The effect is reduced by using a
laminated core (iv) Hysteresis: The magnetisation of the core is repeatedly reversed by
the alternating magnetic field |
1 | 6002-6005 | (iii) Eddy currents: The alternating magnetic flux induces eddy currents
in the iron core and causes heating The effect is reduced by using a
laminated core (iv) Hysteresis: The magnetisation of the core is repeatedly reversed by
the alternating magnetic field The resulting expenditure of energy in
the core appears as heat and is kept to a minimum by using a magnetic
material which has a low hysteresis loss |
1 | 6003-6006 | The effect is reduced by using a
laminated core (iv) Hysteresis: The magnetisation of the core is repeatedly reversed by
the alternating magnetic field The resulting expenditure of energy in
the core appears as heat and is kept to a minimum by using a magnetic
material which has a low hysteresis loss The large scale transmission and distribution of electrical energy over
long distances is done with the use of transformers |
1 | 6004-6007 | (iv) Hysteresis: The magnetisation of the core is repeatedly reversed by
the alternating magnetic field The resulting expenditure of energy in
the core appears as heat and is kept to a minimum by using a magnetic
material which has a low hysteresis loss The large scale transmission and distribution of electrical energy over
long distances is done with the use of transformers The voltage output
of the generator is stepped-up (so that current is reduced and
consequently, the I 2R loss is cut down) |
1 | 6005-6008 | The resulting expenditure of energy in
the core appears as heat and is kept to a minimum by using a magnetic
material which has a low hysteresis loss The large scale transmission and distribution of electrical energy over
long distances is done with the use of transformers The voltage output
of the generator is stepped-up (so that current is reduced and
consequently, the I 2R loss is cut down) It is then transmitted over long
distances to an area sub-station near the consumers |
1 | 6006-6009 | The large scale transmission and distribution of electrical energy over
long distances is done with the use of transformers The voltage output
of the generator is stepped-up (so that current is reduced and
consequently, the I 2R loss is cut down) It is then transmitted over long
distances to an area sub-station near the consumers There the voltage
is stepped down |
1 | 6007-6010 | The voltage output
of the generator is stepped-up (so that current is reduced and
consequently, the I 2R loss is cut down) It is then transmitted over long
distances to an area sub-station near the consumers There the voltage
is stepped down It is further stepped down at distributing sub-stations
and utility poles before a power supply of 240 V reaches our homes |
1 | 6008-6011 | It is then transmitted over long
distances to an area sub-station near the consumers There the voltage
is stepped down It is further stepped down at distributing sub-stations
and utility poles before a power supply of 240 V reaches our homes Rationalised 2023-24
197
Alternating Current
4 |
1 | 6009-6012 | There the voltage
is stepped down It is further stepped down at distributing sub-stations
and utility poles before a power supply of 240 V reaches our homes Rationalised 2023-24
197
Alternating Current
4 An ac voltage v = vm sinwt applied to a capacitor drives a current in the
capacitor: i = im sin (wt + p/2) |
1 | 6010-6013 | It is further stepped down at distributing sub-stations
and utility poles before a power supply of 240 V reaches our homes Rationalised 2023-24
197
Alternating Current
4 An ac voltage v = vm sinwt applied to a capacitor drives a current in the
capacitor: i = im sin (wt + p/2) Here,
1
m,
m
C
C
v
i
X
X
ωC
=
=
is called capacitive reactance |
1 | 6011-6014 | Rationalised 2023-24
197
Alternating Current
4 An ac voltage v = vm sinwt applied to a capacitor drives a current in the
capacitor: i = im sin (wt + p/2) Here,
1
m,
m
C
C
v
i
X
X
ωC
=
=
is called capacitive reactance The current through the capacitor is p/2 ahead of the applied voltage |
1 | 6012-6015 | An ac voltage v = vm sinwt applied to a capacitor drives a current in the
capacitor: i = im sin (wt + p/2) Here,
1
m,
m
C
C
v
i
X
X
ωC
=
=
is called capacitive reactance The current through the capacitor is p/2 ahead of the applied voltage As in the case of inductor, the average power supplied to a capacitor
over one complete cycle is zero |
1 | 6013-6016 | Here,
1
m,
m
C
C
v
i
X
X
ωC
=
=
is called capacitive reactance The current through the capacitor is p/2 ahead of the applied voltage As in the case of inductor, the average power supplied to a capacitor
over one complete cycle is zero 5 |
1 | 6014-6017 | The current through the capacitor is p/2 ahead of the applied voltage As in the case of inductor, the average power supplied to a capacitor
over one complete cycle is zero 5 For a series RLC circuit driven by voltage v = vm sin wt, the current is
given by i = im sin (wt + f)
where
(
)
2
2
m
m
C
L
v
i
R
X
X
=
+
−
and
tan1
C
L
X
X
R
φ
−
−
=
(
)
2
2
C
L
Z
R
X
X
=
+
−
is called the impedance of the circuit |
1 | 6015-6018 | As in the case of inductor, the average power supplied to a capacitor
over one complete cycle is zero 5 For a series RLC circuit driven by voltage v = vm sin wt, the current is
given by i = im sin (wt + f)
where
(
)
2
2
m
m
C
L
v
i
R
X
X
=
+
−
and
tan1
C
L
X
X
R
φ
−
−
=
(
)
2
2
C
L
Z
R
X
X
=
+
−
is called the impedance of the circuit The average power loss over a complete cycle is given by
P = V I cosf
The term cosf is called the power factor |
1 | 6016-6019 | 5 For a series RLC circuit driven by voltage v = vm sin wt, the current is
given by i = im sin (wt + f)
where
(
)
2
2
m
m
C
L
v
i
R
X
X
=
+
−
and
tan1
C
L
X
X
R
φ
−
−
=
(
)
2
2
C
L
Z
R
X
X
=
+
−
is called the impedance of the circuit The average power loss over a complete cycle is given by
P = V I cosf
The term cosf is called the power factor 6 |
1 | 6017-6020 | For a series RLC circuit driven by voltage v = vm sin wt, the current is
given by i = im sin (wt + f)
where
(
)
2
2
m
m
C
L
v
i
R
X
X
=
+
−
and
tan1
C
L
X
X
R
φ
−
−
=
(
)
2
2
C
L
Z
R
X
X
=
+
−
is called the impedance of the circuit The average power loss over a complete cycle is given by
P = V I cosf
The term cosf is called the power factor 6 In a purely inductive or capacitive circuit, cosf = 0 and no power is
dissipated even though a current is flowing in the circuit |
1 | 6018-6021 | The average power loss over a complete cycle is given by
P = V I cosf
The term cosf is called the power factor 6 In a purely inductive or capacitive circuit, cosf = 0 and no power is
dissipated even though a current is flowing in the circuit In such cases,
current is referred to as a wattless current |
1 | 6019-6022 | 6 In a purely inductive or capacitive circuit, cosf = 0 and no power is
dissipated even though a current is flowing in the circuit In such cases,
current is referred to as a wattless current 7 |
1 | 6020-6023 | In a purely inductive or capacitive circuit, cosf = 0 and no power is
dissipated even though a current is flowing in the circuit In such cases,
current is referred to as a wattless current 7 The phase relationship between current and voltage in an ac circuit
can be shown conveniently by representing voltage and current by
rotating vectors called phasors |
1 | 6021-6024 | In such cases,
current is referred to as a wattless current 7 The phase relationship between current and voltage in an ac circuit
can be shown conveniently by representing voltage and current by
rotating vectors called phasors A phasor is a vector which rotates
about the origin with angular speed w |
1 | 6022-6025 | 7 The phase relationship between current and voltage in an ac circuit
can be shown conveniently by representing voltage and current by
rotating vectors called phasors A phasor is a vector which rotates
about the origin with angular speed w The magnitude of a phasor
represents the amplitude or peak value of the quantity (voltage or
current) represented by the phasor |
1 | 6023-6026 | The phase relationship between current and voltage in an ac circuit
can be shown conveniently by representing voltage and current by
rotating vectors called phasors A phasor is a vector which rotates
about the origin with angular speed w The magnitude of a phasor
represents the amplitude or peak value of the quantity (voltage or
current) represented by the phasor The analysis of an ac circuit is facilitated by the use of a phasor
diagram |
1 | 6024-6027 | A phasor is a vector which rotates
about the origin with angular speed w The magnitude of a phasor
represents the amplitude or peak value of the quantity (voltage or
current) represented by the phasor The analysis of an ac circuit is facilitated by the use of a phasor
diagram 8 |
1 | 6025-6028 | The magnitude of a phasor
represents the amplitude or peak value of the quantity (voltage or
current) represented by the phasor The analysis of an ac circuit is facilitated by the use of a phasor
diagram 8 A transformer consists of an iron core on which are bound a primary
coil of Np turns and a secondary coil of Ns turns |
1 | 6026-6029 | The analysis of an ac circuit is facilitated by the use of a phasor
diagram 8 A transformer consists of an iron core on which are bound a primary
coil of Np turns and a secondary coil of Ns turns If the primary coil is
connected to an ac source, the primary and secondary voltages are
related by
V
NN
V
s
s
p
p
=
and the currents are related by
I
N
N
I
s
p
s
p
=
If the secondary coil has a greater number of turns than the primary, the
voltage is stepped-up (Vs > Vp) |
1 | 6027-6030 | 8 A transformer consists of an iron core on which are bound a primary
coil of Np turns and a secondary coil of Ns turns If the primary coil is
connected to an ac source, the primary and secondary voltages are
related by
V
NN
V
s
s
p
p
=
and the currents are related by
I
N
N
I
s
p
s
p
=
If the secondary coil has a greater number of turns than the primary, the
voltage is stepped-up (Vs > Vp) This type of arrangement is called a step-
up transformer |
1 | 6028-6031 | A transformer consists of an iron core on which are bound a primary
coil of Np turns and a secondary coil of Ns turns If the primary coil is
connected to an ac source, the primary and secondary voltages are
related by
V
NN
V
s
s
p
p
=
and the currents are related by
I
N
N
I
s
p
s
p
=
If the secondary coil has a greater number of turns than the primary, the
voltage is stepped-up (Vs > Vp) This type of arrangement is called a step-
up transformer If the secondary coil has turns less than the primary, we
have a step-down transformer |
1 | 6029-6032 | If the primary coil is
connected to an ac source, the primary and secondary voltages are
related by
V
NN
V
s
s
p
p
=
and the currents are related by
I
N
N
I
s
p
s
p
=
If the secondary coil has a greater number of turns than the primary, the
voltage is stepped-up (Vs > Vp) This type of arrangement is called a step-
up transformer If the secondary coil has turns less than the primary, we
have a step-down transformer Rationalised 2023-24
Physics
198
Physical quantity
Symbol
Dimensions
Unit
Remarks
rms voltage
V
[M L
2 T
–3 A
–1]
V
V
=
2
vm
,
v m
is
the
amplitude of the ac voltage |
1 | 6030-6033 | This type of arrangement is called a step-
up transformer If the secondary coil has turns less than the primary, we
have a step-down transformer Rationalised 2023-24
Physics
198
Physical quantity
Symbol
Dimensions
Unit
Remarks
rms voltage
V
[M L
2 T
–3 A
–1]
V
V
=
2
vm
,
v m
is
the
amplitude of the ac voltage rms current
I
[
A]
A
I =
2
im
, im is the amplitude of
the ac current |
1 | 6031-6034 | If the secondary coil has turns less than the primary, we
have a step-down transformer Rationalised 2023-24
Physics
198
Physical quantity
Symbol
Dimensions
Unit
Remarks
rms voltage
V
[M L
2 T
–3 A
–1]
V
V
=
2
vm
,
v m
is
the
amplitude of the ac voltage rms current
I
[
A]
A
I =
2
im
, im is the amplitude of
the ac current Reactance:
Inductive
XL
[M
L
2 T
–3 A
–2]
XL = L
Capacitive
XC
[M
L
2 T
–3 A
–2]
XC = 1/ C
Impedance
Z
[M
L
2 T
–3 A
–2]
Depends
on
elements
present in the circuit |
1 | 6032-6035 | Rationalised 2023-24
Physics
198
Physical quantity
Symbol
Dimensions
Unit
Remarks
rms voltage
V
[M L
2 T
–3 A
–1]
V
V
=
2
vm
,
v m
is
the
amplitude of the ac voltage rms current
I
[
A]
A
I =
2
im
, im is the amplitude of
the ac current Reactance:
Inductive
XL
[M
L
2 T
–3 A
–2]
XL = L
Capacitive
XC
[M
L
2 T
–3 A
–2]
XC = 1/ C
Impedance
Z
[M
L
2 T
–3 A
–2]
Depends
on
elements
present in the circuit Resonant
wr or w0
[T
–1]
Hz
w0
LC
1
for a
frequency
series RLC circuit
Quality factor
Q
Dimensionless
0
0
1
L
Q
R
C R
ω
ω
=
=
for a series
RLC circuit |
1 | 6033-6036 | rms current
I
[
A]
A
I =
2
im
, im is the amplitude of
the ac current Reactance:
Inductive
XL
[M
L
2 T
–3 A
–2]
XL = L
Capacitive
XC
[M
L
2 T
–3 A
–2]
XC = 1/ C
Impedance
Z
[M
L
2 T
–3 A
–2]
Depends
on
elements
present in the circuit Resonant
wr or w0
[T
–1]
Hz
w0
LC
1
for a
frequency
series RLC circuit
Quality factor
Q
Dimensionless
0
0
1
L
Q
R
C R
ω
ω
=
=
for a series
RLC circuit Power factor
Dimensionless
=
cosf,
f
is
the
phase
difference
between
voltage
applied
and
current
in
the circuit |
1 | 6034-6037 | Reactance:
Inductive
XL
[M
L
2 T
–3 A
–2]
XL = L
Capacitive
XC
[M
L
2 T
–3 A
–2]
XC = 1/ C
Impedance
Z
[M
L
2 T
–3 A
–2]
Depends
on
elements
present in the circuit Resonant
wr or w0
[T
–1]
Hz
w0
LC
1
for a
frequency
series RLC circuit
Quality factor
Q
Dimensionless
0
0
1
L
Q
R
C R
ω
ω
=
=
for a series
RLC circuit Power factor
Dimensionless
=
cosf,
f
is
the
phase
difference
between
voltage
applied
and
current
in
the circuit POINTS TO PONDER
1 |
1 | 6035-6038 | Resonant
wr or w0
[T
–1]
Hz
w0
LC
1
for a
frequency
series RLC circuit
Quality factor
Q
Dimensionless
0
0
1
L
Q
R
C R
ω
ω
=
=
for a series
RLC circuit Power factor
Dimensionless
=
cosf,
f
is
the
phase
difference
between
voltage
applied
and
current
in
the circuit POINTS TO PONDER
1 When a value is given for ac voltage or current, it is ordinarily the rms
value |
1 | 6036-6039 | Power factor
Dimensionless
=
cosf,
f
is
the
phase
difference
between
voltage
applied
and
current
in
the circuit POINTS TO PONDER
1 When a value is given for ac voltage or current, it is ordinarily the rms
value The voltage across the terminals of an outlet in your room is
normally 240 V |
1 | 6037-6040 | POINTS TO PONDER
1 When a value is given for ac voltage or current, it is ordinarily the rms
value The voltage across the terminals of an outlet in your room is
normally 240 V This refers to the rms value of the voltage |
1 | 6038-6041 | When a value is given for ac voltage or current, it is ordinarily the rms
value The voltage across the terminals of an outlet in your room is
normally 240 V This refers to the rms value of the voltage The amplitude
of this voltage is
V
2
2(240)
340
vm
V
=
=
=
2 |
1 | 6039-6042 | The voltage across the terminals of an outlet in your room is
normally 240 V This refers to the rms value of the voltage The amplitude
of this voltage is
V
2
2(240)
340
vm
V
=
=
=
2 The power rating of an element used in ac circuits refers to its average
power rating |
1 | 6040-6043 | This refers to the rms value of the voltage The amplitude
of this voltage is
V
2
2(240)
340
vm
V
=
=
=
2 The power rating of an element used in ac circuits refers to its average
power rating 3 |
1 | 6041-6044 | The amplitude
of this voltage is
V
2
2(240)
340
vm
V
=
=
=
2 The power rating of an element used in ac circuits refers to its average
power rating 3 The power consumed in an ac circuit is never negative |
1 | 6042-6045 | The power rating of an element used in ac circuits refers to its average
power rating 3 The power consumed in an ac circuit is never negative 4 |
1 | 6043-6046 | 3 The power consumed in an ac circuit is never negative 4 Both alternating current and direct current are measured in amperes |
1 | 6044-6047 | The power consumed in an ac circuit is never negative 4 Both alternating current and direct current are measured in amperes But how is the ampere defined for an alternating current |
1 | 6045-6048 | 4 Both alternating current and direct current are measured in amperes But how is the ampere defined for an alternating current It cannot be
derived from the mutual attraction of two parallel wires carrying ac
currents, as the dc ampere is derived |
1 | 6046-6049 | Both alternating current and direct current are measured in amperes But how is the ampere defined for an alternating current It cannot be
derived from the mutual attraction of two parallel wires carrying ac
currents, as the dc ampere is derived An ac current changes direction
Rationalised 2023-24
199
Alternating Current
with the source frequency and the attractive force would average to
zero |
1 | 6047-6050 | But how is the ampere defined for an alternating current It cannot be
derived from the mutual attraction of two parallel wires carrying ac
currents, as the dc ampere is derived An ac current changes direction
Rationalised 2023-24
199
Alternating Current
with the source frequency and the attractive force would average to
zero Thus, the ac ampere must be defined in terms of some property
that is independent of the direction of the current |
1 | 6048-6051 | It cannot be
derived from the mutual attraction of two parallel wires carrying ac
currents, as the dc ampere is derived An ac current changes direction
Rationalised 2023-24
199
Alternating Current
with the source frequency and the attractive force would average to
zero Thus, the ac ampere must be defined in terms of some property
that is independent of the direction of the current Joule heating
is such a property, and there is one ampere of rms value of
alternating current in a circuit if the current produces the same
average heating effect as one ampere of dc current would produce
under the same conditions |
1 | 6049-6052 | An ac current changes direction
Rationalised 2023-24
199
Alternating Current
with the source frequency and the attractive force would average to
zero Thus, the ac ampere must be defined in terms of some property
that is independent of the direction of the current Joule heating
is such a property, and there is one ampere of rms value of
alternating current in a circuit if the current produces the same
average heating effect as one ampere of dc current would produce
under the same conditions 5 |
1 | 6050-6053 | Thus, the ac ampere must be defined in terms of some property
that is independent of the direction of the current Joule heating
is such a property, and there is one ampere of rms value of
alternating current in a circuit if the current produces the same
average heating effect as one ampere of dc current would produce
under the same conditions 5 In an ac circuit, while adding voltages across different elements, one
should take care of their phases properly |
1 | 6051-6054 | Joule heating
is such a property, and there is one ampere of rms value of
alternating current in a circuit if the current produces the same
average heating effect as one ampere of dc current would produce
under the same conditions 5 In an ac circuit, while adding voltages across different elements, one
should take care of their phases properly For example, if VR and VC
are voltages across R and C, respectively in an RC circuit, then the
total voltage across RC combination is
2
2
RC
R
C
V
V
V
=
+
and not
VR + VC since VC is p/2 out of phase of VR |
1 | 6052-6055 | 5 In an ac circuit, while adding voltages across different elements, one
should take care of their phases properly For example, if VR and VC
are voltages across R and C, respectively in an RC circuit, then the
total voltage across RC combination is
2
2
RC
R
C
V
V
V
=
+
and not
VR + VC since VC is p/2 out of phase of VR 6 |
1 | 6053-6056 | In an ac circuit, while adding voltages across different elements, one
should take care of their phases properly For example, if VR and VC
are voltages across R and C, respectively in an RC circuit, then the
total voltage across RC combination is
2
2
RC
R
C
V
V
V
=
+
and not
VR + VC since VC is p/2 out of phase of VR 6 Though in a phasor diagram, voltage and current are represented by
vectors, these quantities are not really vectors themselves |
1 | 6054-6057 | For example, if VR and VC
are voltages across R and C, respectively in an RC circuit, then the
total voltage across RC combination is
2
2
RC
R
C
V
V
V
=
+
and not
VR + VC since VC is p/2 out of phase of VR 6 Though in a phasor diagram, voltage and current are represented by
vectors, these quantities are not really vectors themselves They are
scalar quantities |
1 | 6055-6058 | 6 Though in a phasor diagram, voltage and current are represented by
vectors, these quantities are not really vectors themselves They are
scalar quantities It so happens that the amplitudes and phases of
harmonically varying scalars combine mathematically in the same
way as do the projections of rotating vectors of corresponding
magnitudes and directions |
1 | 6056-6059 | Though in a phasor diagram, voltage and current are represented by
vectors, these quantities are not really vectors themselves They are
scalar quantities It so happens that the amplitudes and phases of
harmonically varying scalars combine mathematically in the same
way as do the projections of rotating vectors of corresponding
magnitudes and directions The ‘rotating vectors’ that represent
harmonically varying scalar quantities are introduced only to provide
us with a simple way of adding these quantities using a rule that
we already know as the law of vector addition |
1 | 6057-6060 | They are
scalar quantities It so happens that the amplitudes and phases of
harmonically varying scalars combine mathematically in the same
way as do the projections of rotating vectors of corresponding
magnitudes and directions The ‘rotating vectors’ that represent
harmonically varying scalar quantities are introduced only to provide
us with a simple way of adding these quantities using a rule that
we already know as the law of vector addition 7 |
1 | 6058-6061 | It so happens that the amplitudes and phases of
harmonically varying scalars combine mathematically in the same
way as do the projections of rotating vectors of corresponding
magnitudes and directions The ‘rotating vectors’ that represent
harmonically varying scalar quantities are introduced only to provide
us with a simple way of adding these quantities using a rule that
we already know as the law of vector addition 7 There are no power losses associated with pure capacitances and pure
inductances in an ac circuit |
1 | 6059-6062 | The ‘rotating vectors’ that represent
harmonically varying scalar quantities are introduced only to provide
us with a simple way of adding these quantities using a rule that
we already know as the law of vector addition 7 There are no power losses associated with pure capacitances and pure
inductances in an ac circuit The only element that dissipates energy
in an ac circuit is the resistive element |
1 | 6060-6063 | 7 There are no power losses associated with pure capacitances and pure
inductances in an ac circuit The only element that dissipates energy
in an ac circuit is the resistive element 8 |
1 | 6061-6064 | There are no power losses associated with pure capacitances and pure
inductances in an ac circuit The only element that dissipates energy
in an ac circuit is the resistive element 8 In a RLC circuit, resonance phenomenon occur when XL = XC or
0
1
LC
ω
= |
1 | 6062-6065 | The only element that dissipates energy
in an ac circuit is the resistive element 8 In a RLC circuit, resonance phenomenon occur when XL = XC or
0
1
LC
ω
= For resonance to occur, the presence of both L and C
elements in the circuit is a must |
1 | 6063-6066 | 8 In a RLC circuit, resonance phenomenon occur when XL = XC or
0
1
LC
ω
= For resonance to occur, the presence of both L and C
elements in the circuit is a must With only one of these (L or C )
elements, there is no possibility of voltage cancellation and hence,
no resonance is possible |
1 | 6064-6067 | In a RLC circuit, resonance phenomenon occur when XL = XC or
0
1
LC
ω
= For resonance to occur, the presence of both L and C
elements in the circuit is a must With only one of these (L or C )
elements, there is no possibility of voltage cancellation and hence,
no resonance is possible 9 |
1 | 6065-6068 | For resonance to occur, the presence of both L and C
elements in the circuit is a must With only one of these (L or C )
elements, there is no possibility of voltage cancellation and hence,
no resonance is possible 9 The power factor in a RLC circuit is a measure of how close the
circuit is to expending the maximum power |
1 | 6066-6069 | With only one of these (L or C )
elements, there is no possibility of voltage cancellation and hence,
no resonance is possible 9 The power factor in a RLC circuit is a measure of how close the
circuit is to expending the maximum power 10 |
1 | 6067-6070 | 9 The power factor in a RLC circuit is a measure of how close the
circuit is to expending the maximum power 10 In generators and motors, the roles of input and output are
reversed |
1 | 6068-6071 | The power factor in a RLC circuit is a measure of how close the
circuit is to expending the maximum power 10 In generators and motors, the roles of input and output are
reversed In a motor, electric energy is the input and mechanical
energy is the output |
1 | 6069-6072 | 10 In generators and motors, the roles of input and output are
reversed In a motor, electric energy is the input and mechanical
energy is the output In a generator, mechanical energy is the
input and electric energy is the output |
1 | 6070-6073 | In generators and motors, the roles of input and output are
reversed In a motor, electric energy is the input and mechanical
energy is the output In a generator, mechanical energy is the
input and electric energy is the output Both devices simply
transform energy from one form to another |
1 | 6071-6074 | In a motor, electric energy is the input and mechanical
energy is the output In a generator, mechanical energy is the
input and electric energy is the output Both devices simply
transform energy from one form to another 11 |
1 | 6072-6075 | In a generator, mechanical energy is the
input and electric energy is the output Both devices simply
transform energy from one form to another 11 A transformer (step-up) changes a low-voltage into a high-voltage |
1 | 6073-6076 | Both devices simply
transform energy from one form to another 11 A transformer (step-up) changes a low-voltage into a high-voltage This does not violate the law of conservation of energy |
1 | 6074-6077 | 11 A transformer (step-up) changes a low-voltage into a high-voltage This does not violate the law of conservation of energy The
current is reduced by the same proportion |
1 | 6075-6078 | A transformer (step-up) changes a low-voltage into a high-voltage This does not violate the law of conservation of energy The
current is reduced by the same proportion Rationalised 2023-24
Physics
200
EXERCISES
7 |
1 | 6076-6079 | This does not violate the law of conservation of energy The
current is reduced by the same proportion Rationalised 2023-24
Physics
200
EXERCISES
7 1
A 100 W resistor is connected to a 220 V, 50 Hz ac supply |
1 | 6077-6080 | The
current is reduced by the same proportion Rationalised 2023-24
Physics
200
EXERCISES
7 1
A 100 W resistor is connected to a 220 V, 50 Hz ac supply (a) What is the rms value of current in the circuit |
1 | 6078-6081 | Rationalised 2023-24
Physics
200
EXERCISES
7 1
A 100 W resistor is connected to a 220 V, 50 Hz ac supply (a) What is the rms value of current in the circuit (b) What is the net power consumed over a full cycle |
1 | 6079-6082 | 1
A 100 W resistor is connected to a 220 V, 50 Hz ac supply (a) What is the rms value of current in the circuit (b) What is the net power consumed over a full cycle 7 |
1 | 6080-6083 | (a) What is the rms value of current in the circuit (b) What is the net power consumed over a full cycle 7 2
(a) The peak voltage of an ac supply is 300 V |
1 | 6081-6084 | (b) What is the net power consumed over a full cycle 7 2
(a) The peak voltage of an ac supply is 300 V What is the rms voltage |
1 | 6082-6085 | 7 2
(a) The peak voltage of an ac supply is 300 V What is the rms voltage (b) The rms value of current in an ac circuit is 10 A |
1 | 6083-6086 | 2
(a) The peak voltage of an ac supply is 300 V What is the rms voltage (b) The rms value of current in an ac circuit is 10 A What is the
peak current |
1 | 6084-6087 | What is the rms voltage (b) The rms value of current in an ac circuit is 10 A What is the
peak current 7 |
1 | 6085-6088 | (b) The rms value of current in an ac circuit is 10 A What is the
peak current 7 3
A 44 mH inductor is connected to 220 V, 50 Hz ac supply |
1 | 6086-6089 | What is the
peak current 7 3
A 44 mH inductor is connected to 220 V, 50 Hz ac supply Determine
the rms value of the current in the circuit |
1 | 6087-6090 | 7 3
A 44 mH inductor is connected to 220 V, 50 Hz ac supply Determine
the rms value of the current in the circuit 7 |
1 | 6088-6091 | 3
A 44 mH inductor is connected to 220 V, 50 Hz ac supply Determine
the rms value of the current in the circuit 7 4
A 60 mF capacitor is connected to a 110 V, 60 Hz ac supply |
1 | 6089-6092 | Determine
the rms value of the current in the circuit 7 4
A 60 mF capacitor is connected to a 110 V, 60 Hz ac supply Determine
the rms value of the current in the circuit |
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