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1 | 7005-7008 | 2
(i)
(iii)
(ii)
(iv)
(i)
(iii)
(ii)
(iv)
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
8 3
CH3CH2CH3 < CH3OCH3 < CH3CHO < CH3CH2OH
8 4
(i)
Butanone < Propanone < Propanal < Ethanal
(ii)
Acetophenone < p-Tolualdehyde , Benzaldehyde < p-Nitrobenzaldehyde 8 |
1 | 7006-7009 | 3
CH3CH2CH3 < CH3OCH3 < CH3CHO < CH3CH2OH
8 4
(i)
Butanone < Propanone < Propanal < Ethanal
(ii)
Acetophenone < p-Tolualdehyde , Benzaldehyde < p-Nitrobenzaldehyde 8 5
8 |
1 | 7007-7010 | 4
(i)
Butanone < Propanone < Propanal < Ethanal
(ii)
Acetophenone < p-Tolualdehyde , Benzaldehyde < p-Nitrobenzaldehyde 8 5
8 6
(i)
3-Phenylpropanoic acid
(ii) 3-Methylbut-2-enoic acid
(iii)
2-Methylcyclopentanecarboxylic acid |
1 | 7008-7011 | 8 5
8 6
(i)
3-Phenylpropanoic acid
(ii) 3-Methylbut-2-enoic acid
(iii)
2-Methylcyclopentanecarboxylic acid (iv) 2,4,6-Trinitrobenzoic acid
8 |
1 | 7009-7012 | 5
8 6
(i)
3-Phenylpropanoic acid
(ii) 3-Methylbut-2-enoic acid
(iii)
2-Methylcyclopentanecarboxylic acid (iv) 2,4,6-Trinitrobenzoic acid
8 7
8 |
1 | 7010-7013 | 6
(i)
3-Phenylpropanoic acid
(ii) 3-Methylbut-2-enoic acid
(iii)
2-Methylcyclopentanecarboxylic acid (iv) 2,4,6-Trinitrobenzoic acid
8 7
8 8
Rationalised 2023-24
Amines constitute an important class of organic
compounds derived by replacing one or more hydrogen
atoms of ammonia molecule by alkyl/aryl group(s) |
1 | 7011-7014 | (iv) 2,4,6-Trinitrobenzoic acid
8 7
8 8
Rationalised 2023-24
Amines constitute an important class of organic
compounds derived by replacing one or more hydrogen
atoms of ammonia molecule by alkyl/aryl group(s) In
nature, they occur among proteins, vitamins, alkaloids
and hormones |
1 | 7012-7015 | 7
8 8
Rationalised 2023-24
Amines constitute an important class of organic
compounds derived by replacing one or more hydrogen
atoms of ammonia molecule by alkyl/aryl group(s) In
nature, they occur among proteins, vitamins, alkaloids
and hormones Synthetic examples include polymers,
dye stuffs and drugs |
1 | 7013-7016 | 8
Rationalised 2023-24
Amines constitute an important class of organic
compounds derived by replacing one or more hydrogen
atoms of ammonia molecule by alkyl/aryl group(s) In
nature, they occur among proteins, vitamins, alkaloids
and hormones Synthetic examples include polymers,
dye stuffs and drugs Two biologically active
compounds, namely adrenaline and ephedrine, both
containing secondary amino group, are used to increase
blood pressure |
1 | 7014-7017 | In
nature, they occur among proteins, vitamins, alkaloids
and hormones Synthetic examples include polymers,
dye stuffs and drugs Two biologically active
compounds, namely adrenaline and ephedrine, both
containing secondary amino group, are used to increase
blood pressure Novocain, a synthetic amino compound,
is used as an anaesthetic in dentistry |
1 | 7015-7018 | Synthetic examples include polymers,
dye stuffs and drugs Two biologically active
compounds, namely adrenaline and ephedrine, both
containing secondary amino group, are used to increase
blood pressure Novocain, a synthetic amino compound,
is used as an anaesthetic in dentistry Benadryl, a well
known antihistaminic drug also contains tertiary amino
group |
1 | 7016-7019 | Two biologically active
compounds, namely adrenaline and ephedrine, both
containing secondary amino group, are used to increase
blood pressure Novocain, a synthetic amino compound,
is used as an anaesthetic in dentistry Benadryl, a well
known antihistaminic drug also contains tertiary amino
group Quaternary ammonium salts are used as
surfactants |
1 | 7017-7020 | Novocain, a synthetic amino compound,
is used as an anaesthetic in dentistry Benadryl, a well
known antihistaminic drug also contains tertiary amino
group Quaternary ammonium salts are used as
surfactants Diazonium salts are intermediates in the
preparation of a variety of aromatic compounds
including dyes |
1 | 7018-7021 | Benadryl, a well
known antihistaminic drug also contains tertiary amino
group Quaternary ammonium salts are used as
surfactants Diazonium salts are intermediates in the
preparation of a variety of aromatic compounds
including dyes In this Unit, you will learn about amines
and diazonium salts |
1 | 7019-7022 | Quaternary ammonium salts are used as
surfactants Diazonium salts are intermediates in the
preparation of a variety of aromatic compounds
including dyes In this Unit, you will learn about amines
and diazonium salts I |
1 | 7020-7023 | Diazonium salts are intermediates in the
preparation of a variety of aromatic compounds
including dyes In this Unit, you will learn about amines
and diazonium salts I AMINES
Amines can be considered as derivatives of ammonia,
obtained by replacement of one, two or all the three
hydrogen atoms by alkyl and/or aryl groups |
1 | 7021-7024 | In this Unit, you will learn about amines
and diazonium salts I AMINES
Amines can be considered as derivatives of ammonia,
obtained by replacement of one, two or all the three
hydrogen atoms by alkyl and/or aryl groups For example:
Like ammonia, nitrogen atom of amines is trivalent and
carries an unshared pair of electrons |
1 | 7022-7025 | I AMINES
Amines can be considered as derivatives of ammonia,
obtained by replacement of one, two or all the three
hydrogen atoms by alkyl and/or aryl groups For example:
Like ammonia, nitrogen atom of amines is trivalent and
carries an unshared pair of electrons Nitrogen orbitals
in amines are therefore, sp3 hybridised and the geometry
of amines is pyramidal |
1 | 7023-7026 | AMINES
Amines can be considered as derivatives of ammonia,
obtained by replacement of one, two or all the three
hydrogen atoms by alkyl and/or aryl groups For example:
Like ammonia, nitrogen atom of amines is trivalent and
carries an unshared pair of electrons Nitrogen orbitals
in amines are therefore, sp3 hybridised and the geometry
of amines is pyramidal Each of the three sp3 hybridised
orbitals of nitrogen overlap with orbitals of hydrogen or
carbon depending upon the composition of the amines |
1 | 7024-7027 | For example:
Like ammonia, nitrogen atom of amines is trivalent and
carries an unshared pair of electrons Nitrogen orbitals
in amines are therefore, sp3 hybridised and the geometry
of amines is pyramidal Each of the three sp3 hybridised
orbitals of nitrogen overlap with orbitals of hydrogen or
carbon depending upon the composition of the amines The fourth orbital of nitrogen in all amines contains an
unshared pair of electrons |
1 | 7025-7028 | Nitrogen orbitals
in amines are therefore, sp3 hybridised and the geometry
of amines is pyramidal Each of the three sp3 hybridised
orbitals of nitrogen overlap with orbitals of hydrogen or
carbon depending upon the composition of the amines The fourth orbital of nitrogen in all amines contains an
unshared pair of electrons Due to the presence of
unshared pair of electrons, the angle C–N–E, (where E is
After studying this Unit, you will be
·able to
describe amines as derivatives of
ammonia having a pyramidal
structure;
·
classify amines as primary,
secondary and tertiary;
·
name amines by common names
and IUPAC system;
·
describe some of the important
methods of preparation of amines;
·
explain the properties of amines;
·
distinguish between primary,
secondary and tertiary amines;
·
describe the method of prepara-
tion of diazonium salts and their
importance in the synthesis of a
series of aromatic compounds
including azo dyes |
1 | 7026-7029 | Each of the three sp3 hybridised
orbitals of nitrogen overlap with orbitals of hydrogen or
carbon depending upon the composition of the amines The fourth orbital of nitrogen in all amines contains an
unshared pair of electrons Due to the presence of
unshared pair of electrons, the angle C–N–E, (where E is
After studying this Unit, you will be
·able to
describe amines as derivatives of
ammonia having a pyramidal
structure;
·
classify amines as primary,
secondary and tertiary;
·
name amines by common names
and IUPAC system;
·
describe some of the important
methods of preparation of amines;
·
explain the properties of amines;
·
distinguish between primary,
secondary and tertiary amines;
·
describe the method of prepara-
tion of diazonium salts and their
importance in the synthesis of a
series of aromatic compounds
including azo dyes Objectives
“The chief commercial use of amines is as intermediates in the
synthesis of medicines and fibres” |
1 | 7027-7030 | The fourth orbital of nitrogen in all amines contains an
unshared pair of electrons Due to the presence of
unshared pair of electrons, the angle C–N–E, (where E is
After studying this Unit, you will be
·able to
describe amines as derivatives of
ammonia having a pyramidal
structure;
·
classify amines as primary,
secondary and tertiary;
·
name amines by common names
and IUPAC system;
·
describe some of the important
methods of preparation of amines;
·
explain the properties of amines;
·
distinguish between primary,
secondary and tertiary amines;
·
describe the method of prepara-
tion of diazonium salts and their
importance in the synthesis of a
series of aromatic compounds
including azo dyes Objectives
“The chief commercial use of amines is as intermediates in the
synthesis of medicines and fibres” Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit9Unit
AAAAAmines
mines
mines
mines9mines
AAAAAmines
mines
mines
mines
mines
9 |
1 | 7028-7031 | Due to the presence of
unshared pair of electrons, the angle C–N–E, (where E is
After studying this Unit, you will be
·able to
describe amines as derivatives of
ammonia having a pyramidal
structure;
·
classify amines as primary,
secondary and tertiary;
·
name amines by common names
and IUPAC system;
·
describe some of the important
methods of preparation of amines;
·
explain the properties of amines;
·
distinguish between primary,
secondary and tertiary amines;
·
describe the method of prepara-
tion of diazonium salts and their
importance in the synthesis of a
series of aromatic compounds
including azo dyes Objectives
“The chief commercial use of amines is as intermediates in the
synthesis of medicines and fibres” Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit9Unit
AAAAAmines
mines
mines
mines9mines
AAAAAmines
mines
mines
mines
mines
9 1 Structure of Amines
9 |
1 | 7029-7032 | Objectives
“The chief commercial use of amines is as intermediates in the
synthesis of medicines and fibres” Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit9Unit
AAAAAmines
mines
mines
mines9mines
AAAAAmines
mines
mines
mines
mines
9 1 Structure of Amines
9 1 Structure of Amines
9 |
1 | 7030-7033 | Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit9Unit
AAAAAmines
mines
mines
mines9mines
AAAAAmines
mines
mines
mines
mines
9 1 Structure of Amines
9 1 Structure of Amines
9 1 Structure of Amines
9 |
1 | 7031-7034 | 1 Structure of Amines
9 1 Structure of Amines
9 1 Structure of Amines
9 1 Structure of Amines
9 |
1 | 7032-7035 | 1 Structure of Amines
9 1 Structure of Amines
9 1 Structure of Amines
9 1 Structure of Amines
Rationalised 2023-24
260
Chemistry
C or H) is less than 109 |
1 | 7033-7036 | 1 Structure of Amines
9 1 Structure of Amines
9 1 Structure of Amines
Rationalised 2023-24
260
Chemistry
C or H) is less than 109 5°; for instance, it is 108o in case of
trimethylamine as shown in Fig |
1 | 7034-7037 | 1 Structure of Amines
9 1 Structure of Amines
Rationalised 2023-24
260
Chemistry
C or H) is less than 109 5°; for instance, it is 108o in case of
trimethylamine as shown in Fig 9 |
1 | 7035-7038 | 1 Structure of Amines
Rationalised 2023-24
260
Chemistry
C or H) is less than 109 5°; for instance, it is 108o in case of
trimethylamine as shown in Fig 9 1 |
1 | 7036-7039 | 5°; for instance, it is 108o in case of
trimethylamine as shown in Fig 9 1 Amines are classified as primary (1o), secondary (2o) and tertiary (3o)
depending upon the number of hydrogen atoms replaced by alkyl or
aryl groups in ammonia molecule |
1 | 7037-7040 | 9 1 Amines are classified as primary (1o), secondary (2o) and tertiary (3o)
depending upon the number of hydrogen atoms replaced by alkyl or
aryl groups in ammonia molecule If one hydrogen atom of ammonia
is replaced by R or Ar , we get RNH2 or ArNH2, a primary amine (1o) |
1 | 7038-7041 | 1 Amines are classified as primary (1o), secondary (2o) and tertiary (3o)
depending upon the number of hydrogen atoms replaced by alkyl or
aryl groups in ammonia molecule If one hydrogen atom of ammonia
is replaced by R or Ar , we get RNH2 or ArNH2, a primary amine (1o) If two hydrogen atoms of ammonia or one hydrogen atom of R-NH2 are
replaced by another alkyl/aryl(R’) group, what would you get |
1 | 7039-7042 | Amines are classified as primary (1o), secondary (2o) and tertiary (3o)
depending upon the number of hydrogen atoms replaced by alkyl or
aryl groups in ammonia molecule If one hydrogen atom of ammonia
is replaced by R or Ar , we get RNH2 or ArNH2, a primary amine (1o) If two hydrogen atoms of ammonia or one hydrogen atom of R-NH2 are
replaced by another alkyl/aryl(R’) group, what would you get You
get R-NHR’, secondary amine |
1 | 7040-7043 | If one hydrogen atom of ammonia
is replaced by R or Ar , we get RNH2 or ArNH2, a primary amine (1o) If two hydrogen atoms of ammonia or one hydrogen atom of R-NH2 are
replaced by another alkyl/aryl(R’) group, what would you get You
get R-NHR’, secondary amine The second alkyl/aryl group may be
same or different |
1 | 7041-7044 | If two hydrogen atoms of ammonia or one hydrogen atom of R-NH2 are
replaced by another alkyl/aryl(R’) group, what would you get You
get R-NHR’, secondary amine The second alkyl/aryl group may be
same or different Replacement of another hydrogen atom by alkyl/aryl
group leads to the formation of tertiary amine |
1 | 7042-7045 | You
get R-NHR’, secondary amine The second alkyl/aryl group may be
same or different Replacement of another hydrogen atom by alkyl/aryl
group leads to the formation of tertiary amine Amines are said to be
‘simple’ when all the alkyl or aryl groups are the same, and ‘mixed’
when they are different |
1 | 7043-7046 | The second alkyl/aryl group may be
same or different Replacement of another hydrogen atom by alkyl/aryl
group leads to the formation of tertiary amine Amines are said to be
‘simple’ when all the alkyl or aryl groups are the same, and ‘mixed’
when they are different In common system, an aliphatic amine is named by prefixing alkyl
group to amine, i |
1 | 7044-7047 | Replacement of another hydrogen atom by alkyl/aryl
group leads to the formation of tertiary amine Amines are said to be
‘simple’ when all the alkyl or aryl groups are the same, and ‘mixed’
when they are different In common system, an aliphatic amine is named by prefixing alkyl
group to amine, i e |
1 | 7045-7048 | Amines are said to be
‘simple’ when all the alkyl or aryl groups are the same, and ‘mixed’
when they are different In common system, an aliphatic amine is named by prefixing alkyl
group to amine, i e , alkylamine as one word (e |
1 | 7046-7049 | In common system, an aliphatic amine is named by prefixing alkyl
group to amine, i e , alkylamine as one word (e g |
1 | 7047-7050 | e , alkylamine as one word (e g , methylamine) |
1 | 7048-7051 | , alkylamine as one word (e g , methylamine) In
secondary and tertiary amines, when two or more groups are the same,
the prefix di or tri is appended before the name of alkyl group |
1 | 7049-7052 | g , methylamine) In
secondary and tertiary amines, when two or more groups are the same,
the prefix di or tri is appended before the name of alkyl group In
IUPAC system, primary amines are named as alkanamines |
1 | 7050-7053 | , methylamine) In
secondary and tertiary amines, when two or more groups are the same,
the prefix di or tri is appended before the name of alkyl group In
IUPAC system, primary amines are named as alkanamines The name
is derived by replacement of ‘e’ of alkane by the word amine |
1 | 7051-7054 | In
secondary and tertiary amines, when two or more groups are the same,
the prefix di or tri is appended before the name of alkyl group In
IUPAC system, primary amines are named as alkanamines The name
is derived by replacement of ‘e’ of alkane by the word amine For
example, CH3NH2 is named as methanamine |
1 | 7052-7055 | In
IUPAC system, primary amines are named as alkanamines The name
is derived by replacement of ‘e’ of alkane by the word amine For
example, CH3NH2 is named as methanamine In case, more than one
amino group is present at different positions in the parent chain, their
positions are specified by giving numbers to the carbon atoms bearing
–NH2 groups and suitable prefix such as di, tri, etc |
1 | 7053-7056 | The name
is derived by replacement of ‘e’ of alkane by the word amine For
example, CH3NH2 is named as methanamine In case, more than one
amino group is present at different positions in the parent chain, their
positions are specified by giving numbers to the carbon atoms bearing
–NH2 groups and suitable prefix such as di, tri, etc is attached to the
amine |
1 | 7054-7057 | For
example, CH3NH2 is named as methanamine In case, more than one
amino group is present at different positions in the parent chain, their
positions are specified by giving numbers to the carbon atoms bearing
–NH2 groups and suitable prefix such as di, tri, etc is attached to the
amine The letter ‘e’ of the suffix of the hydrocarbon part is retained |
1 | 7055-7058 | In case, more than one
amino group is present at different positions in the parent chain, their
positions are specified by giving numbers to the carbon atoms bearing
–NH2 groups and suitable prefix such as di, tri, etc is attached to the
amine The letter ‘e’ of the suffix of the hydrocarbon part is retained For
example, H2N–CH2–CH2–NH2 is named as ethane-1, 2-diamine |
1 | 7056-7059 | is attached to the
amine The letter ‘e’ of the suffix of the hydrocarbon part is retained For
example, H2N–CH2–CH2–NH2 is named as ethane-1, 2-diamine To name secondary and tertiary amines, we use locant N to designate
substituent attached to a nitrogen atom |
1 | 7057-7060 | The letter ‘e’ of the suffix of the hydrocarbon part is retained For
example, H2N–CH2–CH2–NH2 is named as ethane-1, 2-diamine To name secondary and tertiary amines, we use locant N to designate
substituent attached to a nitrogen atom For example, CH3 NHCH2CH3 is
9 |
1 | 7058-7061 | For
example, H2N–CH2–CH2–NH2 is named as ethane-1, 2-diamine To name secondary and tertiary amines, we use locant N to designate
substituent attached to a nitrogen atom For example, CH3 NHCH2CH3 is
9 2
9 |
1 | 7059-7062 | To name secondary and tertiary amines, we use locant N to designate
substituent attached to a nitrogen atom For example, CH3 NHCH2CH3 is
9 2
9 2
9 |
1 | 7060-7063 | For example, CH3 NHCH2CH3 is
9 2
9 2
9 2
9 |
1 | 7061-7064 | 2
9 2
9 2
9 2
9 |
1 | 7062-7065 | 2
9 2
9 2
9 2
Classification
Classification
Classification
Classification
Classification
Fig |
1 | 7063-7066 | 2
9 2
9 2
Classification
Classification
Classification
Classification
Classification
Fig 9 |
1 | 7064-7067 | 2
9 2
Classification
Classification
Classification
Classification
Classification
Fig 9 1 Pyramidal shape of trimethylamine
9 |
1 | 7065-7068 | 2
Classification
Classification
Classification
Classification
Classification
Fig 9 1 Pyramidal shape of trimethylamine
9 3
9 |
1 | 7066-7069 | 9 1 Pyramidal shape of trimethylamine
9 3
9 3
9 |
1 | 7067-7070 | 1 Pyramidal shape of trimethylamine
9 3
9 3
9 3
9 |
1 | 7068-7071 | 3
9 3
9 3
9 3
9 |
1 | 7069-7072 | 3
9 3
9 3
9 3
Nomenclature
Nomenclature
Nomenclature
Nomenclature
Nomenclature
Rationalised 2023-24
261
Amines
named as N-methylethanamine and (CH3CH2)3N is named as N, N-
diethylethanamine |
1 | 7070-7073 | 3
9 3
9 3
Nomenclature
Nomenclature
Nomenclature
Nomenclature
Nomenclature
Rationalised 2023-24
261
Amines
named as N-methylethanamine and (CH3CH2)3N is named as N, N-
diethylethanamine More examples are given in Table 9 |
1 | 7071-7074 | 3
9 3
Nomenclature
Nomenclature
Nomenclature
Nomenclature
Nomenclature
Rationalised 2023-24
261
Amines
named as N-methylethanamine and (CH3CH2)3N is named as N, N-
diethylethanamine More examples are given in Table 9 1 |
1 | 7072-7075 | 3
Nomenclature
Nomenclature
Nomenclature
Nomenclature
Nomenclature
Rationalised 2023-24
261
Amines
named as N-methylethanamine and (CH3CH2)3N is named as N, N-
diethylethanamine More examples are given in Table 9 1 In arylamines, –NH2 group is directly attached to the benzene ring |
1 | 7073-7076 | More examples are given in Table 9 1 In arylamines, –NH2 group is directly attached to the benzene ring C6H5NH2 is the simplest example of arylamine |
1 | 7074-7077 | 1 In arylamines, –NH2 group is directly attached to the benzene ring C6H5NH2 is the simplest example of arylamine In common system, it
is known as aniline |
1 | 7075-7078 | In arylamines, –NH2 group is directly attached to the benzene ring C6H5NH2 is the simplest example of arylamine In common system, it
is known as aniline It is also an accepted IUPAC name |
1 | 7076-7079 | C6H5NH2 is the simplest example of arylamine In common system, it
is known as aniline It is also an accepted IUPAC name While naming
arylamines according to IUPAC system, suffix ‘e’ of arene is replaced by
‘amine’ |
1 | 7077-7080 | In common system, it
is known as aniline It is also an accepted IUPAC name While naming
arylamines according to IUPAC system, suffix ‘e’ of arene is replaced by
‘amine’ Thus in IUPAC system, C6H5–NH2 is named as benzenamine |
1 | 7078-7081 | It is also an accepted IUPAC name While naming
arylamines according to IUPAC system, suffix ‘e’ of arene is replaced by
‘amine’ Thus in IUPAC system, C6H5–NH2 is named as benzenamine Common and IUPAC names of some alkylamines and arylamines are
given in Table 9 |
1 | 7079-7082 | While naming
arylamines according to IUPAC system, suffix ‘e’ of arene is replaced by
‘amine’ Thus in IUPAC system, C6H5–NH2 is named as benzenamine Common and IUPAC names of some alkylamines and arylamines are
given in Table 9 1 |
1 | 7080-7083 | Thus in IUPAC system, C6H5–NH2 is named as benzenamine Common and IUPAC names of some alkylamines and arylamines are
given in Table 9 1 Amine
Common name
IUPAC name
CH3-–CH2–NH2
Ethylamine
Ethanamine
CH3–CH2–CH2–NH2
n-Propylamine
Propan-1-amine
Isopropylamine
Propan-2-amine
Ethylmethylamine
N-Methylethanamine
Trimethylamine
N,N-Dimethylmethanamine
N,N-Diethylbutylamine
N,N-Diethylbutan-1-amine
Allylamine
Prop-2-en-1-amine
Hexamethylenediamine
Hexane-1,6-diamine
Aniline
Aniline or Benzenamine
o-Toluidine
2-Methylaniline
p-Bromoaniline
4-Bromobenzenamine
or
4-Bromoaniline
N,N-Dimethylaniline
N,N-Dimethylbenzenamine
Table 9 |
1 | 7081-7084 | Common and IUPAC names of some alkylamines and arylamines are
given in Table 9 1 Amine
Common name
IUPAC name
CH3-–CH2–NH2
Ethylamine
Ethanamine
CH3–CH2–CH2–NH2
n-Propylamine
Propan-1-amine
Isopropylamine
Propan-2-amine
Ethylmethylamine
N-Methylethanamine
Trimethylamine
N,N-Dimethylmethanamine
N,N-Diethylbutylamine
N,N-Diethylbutan-1-amine
Allylamine
Prop-2-en-1-amine
Hexamethylenediamine
Hexane-1,6-diamine
Aniline
Aniline or Benzenamine
o-Toluidine
2-Methylaniline
p-Bromoaniline
4-Bromobenzenamine
or
4-Bromoaniline
N,N-Dimethylaniline
N,N-Dimethylbenzenamine
Table 9 1: Nomenclature of Some Alkylamines and Arylamines
Rationalised 2023-24
262
Chemistry
Amines are prepared by the following methods:
1 |
1 | 7082-7085 | 1 Amine
Common name
IUPAC name
CH3-–CH2–NH2
Ethylamine
Ethanamine
CH3–CH2–CH2–NH2
n-Propylamine
Propan-1-amine
Isopropylamine
Propan-2-amine
Ethylmethylamine
N-Methylethanamine
Trimethylamine
N,N-Dimethylmethanamine
N,N-Diethylbutylamine
N,N-Diethylbutan-1-amine
Allylamine
Prop-2-en-1-amine
Hexamethylenediamine
Hexane-1,6-diamine
Aniline
Aniline or Benzenamine
o-Toluidine
2-Methylaniline
p-Bromoaniline
4-Bromobenzenamine
or
4-Bromoaniline
N,N-Dimethylaniline
N,N-Dimethylbenzenamine
Table 9 1: Nomenclature of Some Alkylamines and Arylamines
Rationalised 2023-24
262
Chemistry
Amines are prepared by the following methods:
1 Reduction of nitro compounds
Nitro compounds are reduced to amines by passing hydrogen gas
in the presence of finely divided nickel, palladium or platinum and
also by reduction with metals in acidic medium |
1 | 7083-7086 | Amine
Common name
IUPAC name
CH3-–CH2–NH2
Ethylamine
Ethanamine
CH3–CH2–CH2–NH2
n-Propylamine
Propan-1-amine
Isopropylamine
Propan-2-amine
Ethylmethylamine
N-Methylethanamine
Trimethylamine
N,N-Dimethylmethanamine
N,N-Diethylbutylamine
N,N-Diethylbutan-1-amine
Allylamine
Prop-2-en-1-amine
Hexamethylenediamine
Hexane-1,6-diamine
Aniline
Aniline or Benzenamine
o-Toluidine
2-Methylaniline
p-Bromoaniline
4-Bromobenzenamine
or
4-Bromoaniline
N,N-Dimethylaniline
N,N-Dimethylbenzenamine
Table 9 1: Nomenclature of Some Alkylamines and Arylamines
Rationalised 2023-24
262
Chemistry
Amines are prepared by the following methods:
1 Reduction of nitro compounds
Nitro compounds are reduced to amines by passing hydrogen gas
in the presence of finely divided nickel, palladium or platinum and
also by reduction with metals in acidic medium Nitroalkanes can
also be similarly reduced to the corresponding alkanamines |
1 | 7084-7087 | 1: Nomenclature of Some Alkylamines and Arylamines
Rationalised 2023-24
262
Chemistry
Amines are prepared by the following methods:
1 Reduction of nitro compounds
Nitro compounds are reduced to amines by passing hydrogen gas
in the presence of finely divided nickel, palladium or platinum and
also by reduction with metals in acidic medium Nitroalkanes can
also be similarly reduced to the corresponding alkanamines Reduction with iron scrap and hydrochloric acid is preferred because
FeCl2 formed gets hydrolysed to release hydrochloric acid during the
reaction |
1 | 7085-7088 | Reduction of nitro compounds
Nitro compounds are reduced to amines by passing hydrogen gas
in the presence of finely divided nickel, palladium or platinum and
also by reduction with metals in acidic medium Nitroalkanes can
also be similarly reduced to the corresponding alkanamines Reduction with iron scrap and hydrochloric acid is preferred because
FeCl2 formed gets hydrolysed to release hydrochloric acid during the
reaction Thus, only a small amount of hydrochloric acid is required
to initiate the reaction |
1 | 7086-7089 | Nitroalkanes can
also be similarly reduced to the corresponding alkanamines Reduction with iron scrap and hydrochloric acid is preferred because
FeCl2 formed gets hydrolysed to release hydrochloric acid during the
reaction Thus, only a small amount of hydrochloric acid is required
to initiate the reaction 2 |
1 | 7087-7090 | Reduction with iron scrap and hydrochloric acid is preferred because
FeCl2 formed gets hydrolysed to release hydrochloric acid during the
reaction Thus, only a small amount of hydrochloric acid is required
to initiate the reaction 2 Ammonolysis of alkyl halides
You have read (Unit 6, Class XII) that the carbon - halogen bond in
alkyl or benzyl halides can be easily cleaved by a nucleophile |
1 | 7088-7091 | Thus, only a small amount of hydrochloric acid is required
to initiate the reaction 2 Ammonolysis of alkyl halides
You have read (Unit 6, Class XII) that the carbon - halogen bond in
alkyl or benzyl halides can be easily cleaved by a nucleophile Hence,
an alkyl or benzyl halide on reaction with an ethanolic solution of
ammonia undergoes nucleophilic substitution reaction in which the
halogen atom is replaced by an amino (–NH2) group |
1 | 7089-7092 | 2 Ammonolysis of alkyl halides
You have read (Unit 6, Class XII) that the carbon - halogen bond in
alkyl or benzyl halides can be easily cleaved by a nucleophile Hence,
an alkyl or benzyl halide on reaction with an ethanolic solution of
ammonia undergoes nucleophilic substitution reaction in which the
halogen atom is replaced by an amino (–NH2) group This process of
cleavage of the C–X bond by ammonia molecule is known as
ammonolysis |
1 | 7090-7093 | Ammonolysis of alkyl halides
You have read (Unit 6, Class XII) that the carbon - halogen bond in
alkyl or benzyl halides can be easily cleaved by a nucleophile Hence,
an alkyl or benzyl halide on reaction with an ethanolic solution of
ammonia undergoes nucleophilic substitution reaction in which the
halogen atom is replaced by an amino (–NH2) group This process of
cleavage of the C–X bond by ammonia molecule is known as
ammonolysis The reaction is carried out in a sealed tube at 373
K |
1 | 7091-7094 | Hence,
an alkyl or benzyl halide on reaction with an ethanolic solution of
ammonia undergoes nucleophilic substitution reaction in which the
halogen atom is replaced by an amino (–NH2) group This process of
cleavage of the C–X bond by ammonia molecule is known as
ammonolysis The reaction is carried out in a sealed tube at 373
K The primary amine thus obtained behaves as a nucleophile and
can further react with alkyl halide to form secondary and tertiary
amines, and finally quaternary ammonium salt |
1 | 7092-7095 | This process of
cleavage of the C–X bond by ammonia molecule is known as
ammonolysis The reaction is carried out in a sealed tube at 373
K The primary amine thus obtained behaves as a nucleophile and
can further react with alkyl halide to form secondary and tertiary
amines, and finally quaternary ammonium salt 9 |
1 | 7093-7096 | The reaction is carried out in a sealed tube at 373
K The primary amine thus obtained behaves as a nucleophile and
can further react with alkyl halide to form secondary and tertiary
amines, and finally quaternary ammonium salt 9 4
9 |
1 | 7094-7097 | The primary amine thus obtained behaves as a nucleophile and
can further react with alkyl halide to form secondary and tertiary
amines, and finally quaternary ammonium salt 9 4
9 4
9 |
1 | 7095-7098 | 9 4
9 4
9 4
9 |
1 | 7096-7099 | 4
9 4
9 4
9 4
9 |
1 | 7097-7100 | 4
9 4
9 4
9 4 Preparation
Preparation
Preparation
Preparation
Preparation
of Amines
of Amines
of Amines
of Amines
of Amines
9 |
1 | 7098-7101 | 4
9 4
9 4 Preparation
Preparation
Preparation
Preparation
Preparation
of Amines
of Amines
of Amines
of Amines
of Amines
9 1
Classify the following amines as primary, secondary or tertiary:
9 |
1 | 7099-7102 | 4
9 4 Preparation
Preparation
Preparation
Preparation
Preparation
of Amines
of Amines
of Amines
of Amines
of Amines
9 1
Classify the following amines as primary, secondary or tertiary:
9 2
(i) Write structures of different isomeric amines corresponding to the molecular
formula, C4H11N |
1 | 7100-7103 | 4 Preparation
Preparation
Preparation
Preparation
Preparation
of Amines
of Amines
of Amines
of Amines
of Amines
9 1
Classify the following amines as primary, secondary or tertiary:
9 2
(i) Write structures of different isomeric amines corresponding to the molecular
formula, C4H11N (ii) Write IUPAC names of all the isomers |
1 | 7101-7104 | 1
Classify the following amines as primary, secondary or tertiary:
9 2
(i) Write structures of different isomeric amines corresponding to the molecular
formula, C4H11N (ii) Write IUPAC names of all the isomers (iii) What type of isomerism is exhibited by different pairs of amines |
1 | 7102-7105 | 2
(i) Write structures of different isomeric amines corresponding to the molecular
formula, C4H11N (ii) Write IUPAC names of all the isomers (iii) What type of isomerism is exhibited by different pairs of amines Intext Questions
Intext Questions
Intext Questions
Intext Questions
Intext Questions
Rationalised 2023-24
263
Amines
The free amine can be obtained from the ammonium salt by treatment
with a strong base:
Ammonolysis has the disadvantage of yielding a mixture of primary,
secondary and tertiary amines and also a quaternary ammonium salt |
1 | 7103-7106 | (ii) Write IUPAC names of all the isomers (iii) What type of isomerism is exhibited by different pairs of amines Intext Questions
Intext Questions
Intext Questions
Intext Questions
Intext Questions
Rationalised 2023-24
263
Amines
The free amine can be obtained from the ammonium salt by treatment
with a strong base:
Ammonolysis has the disadvantage of yielding a mixture of primary,
secondary and tertiary amines and also a quaternary ammonium salt However, primary amine is obtained as a major product by taking
large excess of ammonia |
1 | 7104-7107 | (iii) What type of isomerism is exhibited by different pairs of amines Intext Questions
Intext Questions
Intext Questions
Intext Questions
Intext Questions
Rationalised 2023-24
263
Amines
The free amine can be obtained from the ammonium salt by treatment
with a strong base:
Ammonolysis has the disadvantage of yielding a mixture of primary,
secondary and tertiary amines and also a quaternary ammonium salt However, primary amine is obtained as a major product by taking
large excess of ammonia The order of reactivity of halides with amines is RI > RBr >RCl |
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