Datasets:

lsb

/

enwiki20230101-minilml6v2-avgembeddings

like 0

4041056

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kestros%20%28weapon%29

Kestros (weapon)

A kestros () or kestrophendone (), respectively Latinized as cestrus or cestrosphendone, is a specially designed sling that is used to throw a heavy dart. The dart would typically consist of a heavy metal point approximately long, attached to a shaft of wood, typically long, and fletched with feathers or similar materials to provide stability of flight. History The kestros is mentioned in the writings of Livy and Polybius. It seems to have been invented around 168 BC. and was employed by some of the Macedonian troops of king Perseus of Macedon during the Third Macedonian war. The description is quite confusing: The exact construction of the kestrosphendone remains somewhat mysterious. However, experimental reconstructions based on the available information have resulted in quite spectacular results. Nonetheless, the kestrosphendone did not stand the test of time and seems to have been abandoned quite quickly. The fundamental purpose of this weapon seems to have been to develop a sling shot with the penetrative power of a point. If so, then a lighter version of this weapon, the plumbata, persisted into late antiquity. In this weapon, the wooden shaft gave nearly the same mechanical advantage as a sling. In effect, each sling bolt came with a one-time sling. Another way of obtaining a one time sling was to fix a string to a slingstone made of lead. There is evidence for this variation at the Battle of Fucine Lake in 89 BC. References Throwing weapons Projectile weapons Ancient weapons Ancient Greek military terminology Ancient Greek military equipment

4041062

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C8%98erban%20Ciochin%C4%83

Șerban Ciochină

Șerban Ciochină (born November 30, 1939 in Bucharest) is a retired Romanian triple jump athlete. He achieved 5th place at the 1964 Summer Olympics, and won the Romanian triple jump championship six years in a row from 1963 to 1968. He was also European Champion in Dortmund, Germany in 1966. References Şerban Ciochină 1939 births Living people Sportspeople from Bucharest Romanian male triple jumpers Athletes (track and field) at the 1964 Summer Olympics Athletes (track and field) at the 1968 Summer Olympics Olympic athletes of Romania

4041064

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cube%20house

Cube house

Cube houses () are a set of innovative houses built in Helmond and Rotterdam in the Netherlands, designed by architect Piet Blom and based on the concept of "living as an urban roof": high density housing with sufficient space on the ground level, since its main purpose is to optimise the space inside. Blom tilted the cube of a conventional house corner upwards, and rested it upon a hexagon-shaped pylon. His design represents a village within a city, where each house represents a tree, and all the houses together, a forest. The central idea of the cube houses around the world is mainly optimizing the space, as a house, to a better distribution of the rooms inside. Helmond In 1972 Piet Blom was assigned to fill in an empty site in the city center of Helmond, with a meeting center. Blom proposed a plan that intertwined the special with the ordinary, cultural facilities with houses, a theater amidst 188 houses. After the underground parking garage was taken out of the plans, the forest was reduced to 60 houses. But the city council wasn't convinced. Then Minister Hans Gruijters, born in Helmond, subsidised the building of 3 test houses in the Wilhelminalaan in 1974. The project also received the national status of 'Experimental Housing', which helped to realise Theater 't Speelhuis () with a forecourt surrounded by 18 cube houses, at the Piet Blomplein, in 1977. The theatre burned down on December 29, 2011. The two damaged cube houses were restored in 2013/2014. Rotterdam The houses in Rotterdam are located on Overblaak Street, right above the Blaak metro station. The 1977 original plan showed 55 houses, but not all of them were built. There are 38 small cubes and two so called 'super-cubes', all attached to each other. As residents are disturbed so often by curious passers-by, one owner decided to open a "show cube", which is furnished as a normal house, and is making a living out of offering tours to visitors. The houses contain three floors: ground floor entrance first floor with living room and open kitchen second floor with two bedrooms and bathroom top floor which is sometimes used as a small garden The walls and windows are angled at 54.7 degrees. The total area of the apartment is around , but around a quarter of the space is unusable because of the walls that are under the angled ceilings. In 2006, a museum of chess pieces was opened under the houses. In 2009, the larger cubes were converted by Personal Architecture into a hostel run by Dutch hostel chain Stayokay. In 2019, the Art cube opened at Overblaak 30. The Art cube is a place where art and architecture come together. With the original living layout intact, this cube house forms the backdrop for the work of various local artists. Toronto In 1996 a cluster of three cubes was built along Eastern Avenue Architect Ben Kutner and partner Jeff Brown were inspired by the original cube houses and had planned to replicate the Rotterdam design on unusable patches of land. However, only three individual houses were built. In 2018, the land was sold for redevelopment with hopes the structures themselves could be saved and moved elsewhere. In 2021, an application was submitted to the city to redevelop into a "35-storey mixed-use building atop a podium element". References External links Cubic houses Rotterdam Buildings and structures in Rotterdam House styles Tourist attractions in Rotterdam Hostels nl:Kubuswoningen (Rotterdam)

4041067

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diba

Diba

Diba may refer to: Textiles Diba, a fabric, damascened silk brocade Diba, a pointed hat of the Kabiri of New Guinea Places Diba, a neighborhood in Plumtree, Zimbabwe Abu Dhiba, a village in western Saudi Arabia Ra's Diba, a cape in United Arab Emirates People Diba (surname) Diba Chandra Hrangkhawl, politician from Tripura, India See also Dibba

4041070

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Four%20Pests%20campaign

Four Pests campaign

The Four Pests campaign (), was one of the first actions taken in the Great Leap Forward in China from 1958 to 1962. The four pests to be eliminated were rats, flies, mosquitoes, and sparrows. The extermination of sparrows is also known as the smash sparrows campaign () or eliminate sparrows campaign (), which resulted in severe ecological imbalance, being one of the causes of the Great Chinese Famine. In 1960, the campaign against sparrows was ended and redirected to bed bugs. Campaign The "Four Pests" campaign was introduced in 1958 as a hygiene campaign aimed to eradicate the pests responsible for the transmission of pestilence and disease: the mosquitos responsible for malaria the rodents that spread the plague the pervasive airborne flies the sparrows—specifically the Eurasian tree sparrow—which ate grain seed and fruit Sparrows Sparrows were suspected of consuming approximately 2 kg (4 pounds) of grain per sparrow per year. Sparrow nests were destroyed, eggs were broken, and chicks were killed. Millions of people organized into groups, and hit noisy pots and pans to prevent sparrows from resting in their nests, with the goal of causing them to drop dead from exhaustion. In addition to these tactics, citizens also simply shot the birds down from the sky. The campaign depleted the sparrow population, pushing it to near extinction within China. Some sparrows found a refuge in the extraterritorial premises of various diplomatic missions in China. The personnel of the Polish embassy in Beijing denied the Chinese request of entering the premises of the embassy to scare away the sparrows who were hiding there and as a result the embassy was surrounded by people with drums. After two days of constant drumming, the Poles had to use shovels to clear the embassy of dead sparrows. Effects By April 1960, Chinese leaders changed their opinion in part due to the influence of ornithologist Tso-hsin Cheng who pointed out that sparrows ate a large number of insects, as well as grains. While the campaign was meant to increase yields, concurrent droughts and floods as well as the lacking sparrow population decreased rice yields. In the same month, Mao Zedong ordered the campaign against sparrows to end. Sparrows were replaced with bed bugs, as the extermination of sparrows had upset the ecological balance, which subsequently resulted in surging locust and insect populations that destroyed crops due to a lack of a natural predator. With no sparrows to eat them, locust populations ballooned, swarming the country and compounding the ecological problems already caused by the Great Leap Forward, including widespread deforestation and misuse of poisons and pesticides. Ecological imbalance is credited with exacerbating the Great Chinese Famine. The Chinese government eventually resorted to importing 250,000 sparrows from the Soviet Union to replenish their population. See also Emu War Tax on trees List of campaigns of the Communist Party of China References External links PBS series The People's Century – 1949: The Great Leap China follows Mao with mass cull (BBC) Catastrophic Miscaculations 1958 in China 1962 in China 1958 in the environment Campaigns of the Chinese Communist Party Environmental disasters in China Great Leap Forward Pest control campaigns

4041075

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Upland%20Brewing%20Company

Upland Brewing Company

Upland Brewing Company is a brewery in Bloomington, Indiana, United States. Founded in 1997, it is the third largest brewery in the state, with six locations across central Indiana, and makes over 80 beers a year, including ales, lagers, and sour beers. History Upland Brewing Company was founded in 1997 by Marc Sattinger, Russ Levitt and Dean LaPlante. The brewery takes its name from the Indiana Uplands, a geographic region of southern Indiana, with Bloomington being near their northern terminus. In 1998, distribution of bottles and kegs began and the brewpub opened its doors. The first beers on tap were the Wheat Ale, Pale Ale, and Bad Elmer's Porter. The brewpub began serving food the following year. Growing to be a Central Indiana staple, by 2004 its distribution had reached all 92 counties of Indiana. In 2006, ownership changed hands to a group of local investors remains 100% family owned. By 2010, distribution had expanded to include ales and lagers throughout Indiana and in parts of Kentucky, Ohio, Illinois, and Wisconsin with small batch sour ales selling only through its tap room. In 2016, Upland began limited distribution nationally after adding a wood-aged sour beer production facility and is currently distributing in 20+ markets across the country. In 2009 a 2nd location known as the Indy Tasting Room opened in Indianapolis in the Meridian-Kessler/south Broad Ripple neighborhood. In 2012, a new brewing facility and bar was opened on the west side of Bloomington. This 37,000 square foot facility became the primary brewing facility for Upland, encompassing their everyday and seasonal lineup. The old brewery on 11th Street was scaled down to become a research and development site for Upland's growing Belgian-style sour and wild ale program. Also in 2012, Upland obtained the rights to Champagne Velvet, a pre-prohibition pilsener originally made by Terre Haute Brewing Co in 1902, and began brewing and distributing the classic brew under the Upland name. In 2013, Upland expanded further north with the addition of the Carmel Tap House, their second site to serve food. In the summer of 2016, Upland opened a new restaurant location in Columbus. It is fixed in the old Columbus Pump House building downtown, giving it the name "The Pump House". Later that same year, Upland opened The Wood Shop to serve as the home for their sour ale production, located next door to the Bloomington Brewpub. The Indy Tasting Room was renovated in 2018 and in 2019 saw a restaurant added on. The expanded space became known as 'Upland College Ave' due to its location at 49th & College Avenue. Upland's seventh location and fifth restaurant is set to open in mid-2019 in the Fountain Square neighborhood and will be known as 'Upland FSQ'. Sours Upland Brewing has been a sour producer for over 10 years. After trading a few cases of beer for a few wine barrels from Oliver Winery in 2006, they began their exploration into sour brewing. The Wood Shop, a brewery and taproom dedicated to sour ales, was opened in 2016. Sour Wild Funk Fest is Upland's annual festival which takes place in Indianapolis every spring. Featuring approximately 50 breweries from across the world. Since 2017 the festival has been held at the Mavris Arts & Event Center. Beers Upland Brewing Company has a year-round lineup of beers as well as several limited and seasonal releases. Everyday beers include: Upland Wheat Ale Dragonfly India Pale Ale Champagne Velvet Pre-Prohibition Pilsener Bad Elmer's Porter Campside Pale Ale Juiced in Time Hazy IPA Hard Seltzer: Naked Barrel Cherry Lime Naked Barrel Grapefruit Hibiscus Naked Barrel Tangerine Seasonal brews include: Petal To The Kettle Sour Ale Two of Tarts Gose Modern Tart Kettle Sour Ale Tropical Vortex Southern Hemisphere IPA Patio Cat Hazy Guava Summer Ale Oktoberfest Teddy Bear Kisses Variants Teddy Bear Kisses Russian Imperial Stout Limited releases include: Syrupticious Breaking Away Juiced My Style Imperial IPA Coastbuster Imperial IPA Sound Bite Juicy Pale Ale Barrel Chested Barleywine See also Beer in the United States List of breweries in Indiana References Companies based in Indiana Beer brewing companies based in Indiana 1997 establishments in Indiana American companies established in 1997 Bloomington, Indiana

4041101

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Major%20depressive%20episode

Major depressive episode

A major depressive episode (MDE) is a period characterized by the symptoms of major depressive disorder. Those affected primarily have a depressed mood for at least two weeks or more, and a loss of interest or pleasure in everyday activities. Other symptoms include feelings of emptiness, hopelessness, anxiety, worthlessness, guilt, irritability, changes in appetite, problems concentrating, remembering details or making decisions, and thoughts of suicide. Insomnia or hypersomnia, aches, pains, or digestive problems that are resistant to treatment may also be present. The description has been formalized in psychiatric diagnostic criteria such as the DSM-5 and ICD-10. Although the exact origin of depression is still not clear, it is believed to involve biological, psychological, and social aspects. Factors like socioeconomic status, life experience, genetics, and personality tendencies play a role in the development of depression and may represent increases in risk for developing a major depressive episode. There are many theories as to how depression occurs. One interpretation is that neurotransmitters in the brain are out of balance, resulting in feelings of worthlessness and despair. Magnetic resonance imaging shows that brains of people who have depression look different than the brains of people not exhibiting signs of depression. A family history of depression increases the chance of being diagnosed. Emotional pain and economic costs are associated with depression. In the United States and Canada, the costs associated with major depression are comparable to those related to heart disease, diabetes, and back problems and are greater than the costs of hypertension. According to the Nordic Journal of Psychiatry, there is a direct correlation between a major depressive episode and unemployment. Treatments for a major depressive episode include psychotherapy and antidepressants, although in more serious cases, hospitalization or intensive outpatient treatment may be required. Signs and symptoms The criteria below are based on the formal DSM-V criteria for a major depressive episode. A diagnosis of a major depressive episode requires the patient to have experienced five or more of the symptoms below, one of which must be either depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure (although both are frequently present). These symptoms must be present for at least 2 weeks and represent a change from the patient's normal behavior. Depressed mood and loss of interest (anhedonia) Either a depressed mood or a loss of interest or pleasure must be presented for the diagnosis of a major depressive episode. Depressed mood is the most common symptom seen in major depressive episodes. Interest or pleasure in everyday activities can be decreased; this is referred to as anhedonia. These feelings must be presented on an everyday basis for two weeks or longer to meet DSM-V criteria for a major depressive episode. In addition, the person may experience one or more of the following emotions: sadness, emptiness, hopelessness, indifference, anxiety, tearfulness, pessimism, emotional numbness, or irritability. In children and adolescents, a depressed mood often appears more irritable in nature. There may be a loss of interest in or desire for sex, or other activities once found to be pleasant. Friends and family of the depressed person may notice that they have withdrawn from friends, neglected, or quit doing activities that were once a source of enjoyment. Sleep Major depressive episode are known to cause sleep disturbance such as hypersomnia, which causes excessive sleep patterns or sleep deprivation, like insomnia. Insomnia is the most common type of sleep disturbance for people who are clinically depressed. Symptoms of insomnia include trouble falling asleep, trouble staying asleep, or waking up too early in the morning. The most common symptom of insomnia is waking up in the middle of the night and having trouble falling back asleep. Hypersomnia is a less common type of sleep disturbance. It may include sleeping for prolonged periods at night and into the morning or increased sleeping during the daytime. The sleep may not be restful, and the person may feel sluggish despite many hours of sleep, which may amplify their depressive symptoms and interfere with other aspects of their lives. This type of sleep disorder may make it hard for a person to fall and stay asleep at night versus during the day. Hypersomnia is often associated with an atypical depression, as well as seasonal affective disorder. Feelings of guilt or worthlessness Depressed people may have feelings of guilt that go beyond a normal level or are delusional. These feelings of guilt and/or worthlessness are excessive and imagined. Major depressive episodes are notable for a significant, often inexplicable, drop in self-esteem. The guilt and worthlessness experienced in a major depressive episode can range from subtle feelings of guilt to frank delusions or to shame and humiliation. Additionally, self-loathing is common in clinical depression, and can lead to a downward spiral when combined with other symptoms. A lot of people with depression have distorted thought patterns, and genuinely believe that they're not good for anything or anyone. They tend to have severe self-esteem issues and don't recognize their value as a human being. They also begin to feel as though their life has no meaning or purpose. Loss of energy Individuals going through a major depressive episode often have a general lack of energy, as well as fatigue and tiredness, nearly every day for at least 2 weeks. A person may feel tired without having engaged in any physical activity, and day-to-day tasks become increasingly difficult. It becomes very difficult for someone with depression to get things done during the day. Even small tasks, like showering, become exhausting, causing a lot of people with depression to stop taking care of themselves entirely. Decreased concentration Nearly every day, the person may be indecisive or have trouble thinking or concentrating. These issues cause significant difficulty in functioning for those involved in intellectually demanding activities, such as school and work, especially in difficult fields. Depressed people often describe a slowing of thought, inability to concentrate and make decisions, and being easily distracted. In the elderly, the decreased concentration caused by a major depressive episode may present as deficits in memory. This is referred to as pseudodementia and often goes away with treatment. Decreased concentration may be reported by the patient or observed by others. Since depression makes it more difficult to stay concentrated, a lot of people will notice that they aren't doing well in school or at their job, which makes their depression even worse. Change in eating, appetite, or weight In a major depressive episode, appetite is most often decreased, although a small percentage of people experience an increase in appetite. A person experiencing a depressive episode may have a marked loss or gain of weight (5% of their body weight in one month). A decrease in appetite may result in unintentional weight loss, or when a person is not dieting. Feelings of low self-worth make them not desire to eat anymore. Some people experience an increase in appetite and may gain significant amounts of weight. They may crave certain types of food, such as sweets or carbohydrates. Low self-worth in this instance can lead to self-soothing through eating. In children, failure to make expected weight gains may be counted towards this criteria. Overeating is often associated with atypical depression. When people have depression, they usually will stop taking care of their bodies and "wither away." Lack of a healthy eating habit is a tell-tale sign of classic depression. Motor activity Nearly every day, others may see that the person's activity level is not normal. They might notice that the person takes longer to complete simple tasks, or that they're doing a lot at once. People with depression may be overly active (psychomotor agitation) or be very lethargic (psychomotor retardation). Psychomotor agitation is marked by an increase in body activity, which may result in restlessness, an inability to sit still, pacing, hand wringing, or fidgeting with clothes or objects. This could also be linked to anxiety, since depression and anxiety are often seen together. Psychomotor retardation results in a decrease in body activity or thinking. In this case, a depressed person may demonstrate a slowing of thinking, speaking, or body movement. They may speak more softly or say less than usual. This is because they don't have the energy to expend as a normal person would. To meet diagnostic criteria, changes in motor activity must be so abnormal that it can be observed by others. Personal reports of feeling restless or feeling slow do not count towards the diagnostic criteria. Thoughts of death and suicide A person going through a major depressive episode may have repeated thoughts about death (other than the fear of dying) or suicide (with or without a plan), or may have made a suicide attempt. Suicidal ideation can be common amongst victims of depression, which is where a person often thinks about not being alive anymore, but they don't yet have a plan to carry out. The frequency and intensity of thoughts about suicide can range from believing that friends and family would be better off if one were dead, to frequent thoughts about committing suicide (generally related to wishing to stop the emotional pain), to detailed plans about how the suicide would be carried out. Those who are more severely suicidal may have made specific plans and decided upon a day and location for the suicide attempt. When this happens, they often keep to themselves about it, and may do it when and where they think no one would suspect. Comorbid disorders Major depressive episodes may show comorbidity (association) with other physical and mental health problems. About 20–25% of individuals with a chronic general medical condition will develop major depression. Common comorbid disorders include: eating disorders, substance-related disorders, panic disorder, and obsessive-compulsive disorder. Up to 25% of people who experience a major depressive episode have a pre-existing dysthymic disorder. Some persons who have a fatal illness or are at the end of their life may experience depression, although this is not universal. Causes The cause of a major depressive episode is not well understood. This is because there are usually many factors that play into a person's depression. The mechanism is believed to be a combination of biological, psychological, and social factors. A major depressive episode can often follow an acute stress in someone's life, such as the death of a loved one or being fired from a job. Evidence suggests that psychosocial stressors play a larger role in the first 1-2 depressive episodes, while having less influence in later episodes. People who experience a major depressive episode often have other mental health issues. Other risk factors for a depressive episode include: Family history of a mood disorder Recent negative life events Personality (insecure, worried, stress-sensitive, obsessive, unassertive, dependent) Early childhood trauma Postpartum Lack of interpersonal relationships Studies show that depression can be passed down in families, but this is believed to be due to a combined effect of genetic and environmental factors. Other medical conditions, like hypothyroidism for example, may cause people to experience similar symptoms as a major depressive episode, however this would be considered as a mood disorder due to a general medical condition, according to the DSM-V. For some people, depression runs in their family, and so it's likely that the depression will be passed down to them. For other people, depression might be completely environmental. It could also be a mix of both. Diagnosis Criteria The two main symptoms of a major depressive episode are a depressed mood and a loss of interest or pleasure. From the list below, one bold symptom and four other symptoms must be presented for at least 2 weeks for a diagnosis of a major depressive episode. These symptoms must be causing significant distress or impairment in functioning. Depressed mood Loss of interest or pleasure Change in appetite Change in sleep Change in body activity (psychomotor changes) Loss of energy Feelings of worthlessness and excessive or inappropriate guilt Indecisiveness, confusion, or a decrease in concentration Suicidal ideation To diagnose a major depressive episode, a trained healthcare provider must make sure that: The symptoms do not meet the criteria for a mixed episode. The symptoms must cause considerable distress or impair functioning at work, in social settings, or in other important areas in order to qualify as an episode. The symptoms are not due to any direct physiological effect of a substance (e.g., abuse of a drug or medication) or a general medical condition (e.g., hypothyroidism). Workup No labs are diagnostic of a depressive episode. But some labs can help rule out general medical conditions that may mimic the symptoms of a depressive episode. Healthcare providers may order some routine blood work, including routine blood chemistry, CBC with differential, thyroid function studies, and Vitamin B12 levels, before making a diagnosis. Differential diagnosis There are other mental health disorders or medical conditions to consider before diagnosing a major depressive episode: A doctor or psychiatrist should consider these options before making a definitive diagnosis, in order to avoid misdiagnosing a patient. Bipolar disorder Cyclothymic disorder Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder Persistent depressive disorder Anxiety disorder (Generalized anxiety, PTSD, obsessive-compulsive disorder) Substance abuse or Substance Use Disorder Personality disorder with depressive symptoms Adjustment disorder Gender dysphoria Depression due to a general medical condition Premenstrual dysphoric disorder Screening Healthcare providers may screen patients in the general population for depression using a screening tool, such as the Patient Healthcare Questionnaire-2 (PHQ-2). If the PHQ-2 screening is positive for depression, a provider may then administer the PHQ-9. The Geriatric Depression Scale is a screening tool that can be used in the elderly population. Treatment Depression is a treatable illness. Treatments for a major depressive episode may be provided by mental health specialists (i.e. psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, counselors, etc.), mental health centers or organizations, hospitals, outpatient clinics, social service agencies, private clinics, peer support groups, clergy, and employee assistance programs. The treatment plan could include psychotherapy alone, antidepressant medications alone, or a combination of medication and psychotherapy. For major depressive episodes of severe intensity (multiple symptoms, minimal mood reactivity, severe functional impairment), combined psychotherapy and antidepressant medications are more effective than psychotherapy alone. Meta-analyses suggest that the combination of psychotherapy and antidepressant medications is more effective in treating mild and moderate forms of depression as well, compared to either type of treatment alone. Patients with severe symptoms may require outpatient treatment or hospitalization. The treatment of a major depressive episode can be split into 3 phases: Acute phase: the goal of this phase is to resolve the current major depressive episode Continuation: this phase continues the same treatment from the acute phase for 4–8 months after the depressive episode has resolved and the goal is to prevent relapse Maintenance: this phase is not necessary for every patient but is often used for patients who have experienced 2–3 or more major depressive episodes. Treatment may be maintained indefinitely to prevent the occurrence and severity of future episodes. Therapy Psychotherapy, also known as talk therapy, counseling, or psychosocial therapy, is characterized by a patient talking about their condition and mental health issues with a trained therapist. Therapy alone has been proven to benefit people who are struggling with various mental illnesses. Different types of psychotherapy are used as a treatment for depression. These include cognitive behavioral therapy, interpersonal therapy, dialectical behavior therapy, acceptance and commitment therapy, and mindfulness techniques. Evidence shows that cognitive behavioral therapy can be as effective as medication in the treatment of a major depressive episode. Psychotherapy may be the first treatment used for mild to moderate depression, especially when psychosocial stressors are playing a large role. Psychotherapy alone may not be as effective for more severe forms of depression, such as depression where there's a chemical imbalance in the brain. Some of the main forms of psychotherapies used for treatment of a major depressive episode, along with what makes them unique are included below: Cognitive psychotherapy: focus on patterns of thinking Interpersonal psychotherapy: focus on relationships, losses, and conflict resolution Problem-solving psychotherapy: focus on situations and strategies for problem-solving Psychodynamic psychotherapy: focus on defense mechanisms and coping strategies Medication Medications used to treat depression include selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs), norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitors (NDRIs), tricyclic antidepressants, monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs), and atypical antidepressants such as mirtazapine, which do not fit neatly into any of the other categories. Different antidepressants work better for different individuals, it simply comes down to the person and what they prefer. It is often necessary to try several before finding one that works best for a specific patient. Some people may find it necessary to combine medications, which could mean two antidepressants or an antipsychotic medication in addition to an antidepressant. If a person's close relative has responded well to a certain medication, that treatment will likely work well for him or her. For example, if the depression is familial and the person's mother is prescribed an SSRI, then the same SSRI will most likely benefit the person as well. Antidepressant medications are effective in the acute, continuation, and maintenance phases of treatment, as described above. The treatment benefits of antidepressant medications are often not seen until 1–2 weeks into treatment, with maximum benefits being reached around 4–6 weeks. It is likely that the person will actually experience more negative side effects during the first week or two, and want to stop taking their medication. However, it is crucial that they push through until the 4-6 week mark to know for sure how they feel about it. Most healthcare providers will monitor patients more closely during the acute phase of treatment and continue to monitor at longer intervals in the continuation and maintenance phases. Sometimes, people stop taking antidepressant medications due to side effects, although side effects often become less severe over time. Suddenly stopping treatment or missing several doses may cause withdrawal-like symptoms. Some studies have shown that antidepressants may increase short-term suicidal thoughts or actions, especially in children, adolescents, and young adults. However, antidepressants are more likely to reduce a person's risk of suicide in the long run. Below are listed the main classes of antidepressant medications, some of the most common drugs in each category, and their major side effects: Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (citalopram, escitalopram, paroxetine, fluoxetine, sertraline): major side effects include nausea, diarrhea, and sexual dysfunction such as erectile dysfunction or anorgasmia Serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (duloxetine, venlafaxine, desvenlafaxine): major side effects include nausea, diarrhea, increased heart rate, increased blood pressure, and tremor Tricyclic antidepressants (amitryptiline, desipramine, doxepin, imipramine, nortriptyline): major side effects include sedation, low blood pressure when moving from sitting to standing (orthostatic hypotension), tremor, and heart issues like conduction delays or arrhythmias Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (isocarboxazid, phenelzine, selegiline): major side effects include high blood pressure (emergency) if eaten with foods rich in tyramine (e.g. cheeses, some meats, and home-brewed beer), sedation, tremor, and orthostatic hypotension Alternative treatments There are several treatment options that exist for people who have experienced several episodes of major depression or have not responded to several treatments. Electroconvulsive therapy is a treatment in which a generalized seizure is induced by means of electrical current. The mechanism of action of the treatment is not clearly understood but has been shown to be most effective in the most severely depressed patients. For this reason, electroconvulsive therapy is preferred for the most severe forms of depression or depression that has not responded to other treatments, known as refractory depression. Vagus nerve stimulation is another alternative treatment that has been proven to be effective in the treatment of depression, especially people that have been resistant to four or more treatments. Some of the unique benefits of vagus nerve stimulation include improved neurocognitive function and a sustained clinical response. Transcranial magnetic stimulation is also an alternative treatment for a major depressive episode. It is a non-invasive treatment that is easily tolerated and shows an antidepressant effect, especially in more typical depression and younger adults. Prognosis If left untreated, a typical major depressive episode may last for several months. About 20% of these episodes can last two years or more. About half of depressive episodes end spontaneously. However, even after the major depressive episode is over, 20% to 30% of patients have residual symptoms, which can be distressing and associated with disability. Fifty percent of people will have another major depressive episode after the first. However, the risk of relapse is decreased by taking antidepressant medications for more than 6 months. Symptoms completely improve in six to eight weeks in sixty to seventy percent of patients. The combination of therapy and antidepressant medications has been shown to improve resolution of symptoms and outcomes of treatment. Suicide is the 8th leading cause of death in the United States. The risk of suicide is increased during a major depressive episode. However, the risk is even more elevated during the first two phases of treatment. There are several factors associated with an increased risk of suicide, listed below: Greater than 45 years of age Male History of suicide attempt or self-injurious behaviors Family history of suicide or mental illness Recent severe loss Poor health Detailed plan Inability to accept help Lack of social support Psychotic features (auditory or visual hallucinations, disorganization of speech, behavior, or thought) Alcohol or drug use or comorbid psychiatric disorder Severe depression Epidemiology Estimates of the numbers of people with major depressive episodes and major depressive disorder (MDD) vary significantly. Overall, 13-20% of people will experience significant depressive symptoms at some point in their life. The overall prevalence of MDD is slightly lower ranging from 3.7 to 6.7% of people. In their lifetime, 20% to 25% of women, and 7% to 12% of men will have a major depressive episode. The peak period of development is between the ages of 25 and 44 years. Onset of major depressive episodes or MDD often occurs to people in their mid-20s, and less often to those over 65. The prevalence of depressive symptoms in the elderly is around 1-2%. Elderly persons in nursing homes may have increased rates, up to 15-25%. African-Americans have higher rates of depressive symptoms compared to other races. Prepubescent girls are affected at a slightly higher rate than prepubescent boys. In a National Institute of Mental Health study, researchers found that more than 40% of people with post-traumatic stress disorder had depression four months after the traumatic event they experienced. Women who have recently given birth may be at increased risk for having a major depressive episode. This is referred to as postpartum depression and is a different health condition than the baby blues, a low mood that resolves within 10 days after delivery. See also Depression (differential diagnoses) Depressive personality disorder Major depressive disorder Mental breakdown Sources Dunn, Eric C.; Wang, Min-Jung; Perlis, Roy H. (2019) Chapter 1. A Summary of Recent Updates on the Genetic Determinants of Depression p. 3 left column Major Depressive Disorder by Roger S McIntyre, Carola Rong, Mehala Subramaniapillai Elsevier Retrieved 23 January 2021 Costandi, Moheb (24 July 2015) Two genetic variants linked to depression doi:10.1038/nmiddleeast.2015.122 nature middle east Springer Nature Limited Retrieved 23 January 2021 Drs; Notes External links Depression information from the National Institutes of Health Bipolar disorder Depression (mood) Major depressive disorder Mood disorders

4041157

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palatine%20aponeurosis

Palatine aponeurosis

Attached to the posterior border of the hard palate is a thin, firm, fibrous lamella called the palatine aponeurosis, which supports the muscles and gives strength to the soft palate. It is thicker above and narrows on the way down where it becomes very thin and difficult to define. Laterally, it is continuous with the pharyngeal aponeurosis. It serves as the insertion for the tensor veli palatini and levator veli palatini, and the origin for the musculus uvulae, palatopharyngeus, and palatoglossus. It provides support for the soft palate. See also Aponeurosis References Human head and neck

4041163

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas%20Head%20Raddall

Thomas Head Raddall

Thomas Head Raddall (13 November 1903 – 1 April 1994) was a Canadian writer of history and historical fiction. Early life Raddall was born in Hythe, Kent, England in 1903, the son of an Army officer, also named Thomas Head Raddall, and Ellen (née Gifford) Raddall. In 1913 the family moved to Nova Scotia, where his father had taken a training position with the Canadian Militia. The elder Raddall then saw active service during the First World War and was killed in action at Amiens in August 1918. Raddall attended Chebucto School in Halifax until 6 December 1917, when the school was converted into a temporary morgue in the wake of the Halifax Explosion. The Raddall family survived the explosion and Raddall wrote about it in his memoirs, In My Time. At the age of fifteen, Raddall trained at the Canadian School of Telegraphy in Halifax and shortly thereafter started working at the age of 18 as a marine telegraph operator for the Marconi Wireless Telegraph Company. Raddall's first job was as a wireless operator on seagoing ships, including the CS Mackay-Bennett, and stationed on land at Camperdown Signal Station and at isolated wireless posts such as Sable Island. He later took a job as a clerk at a pulp and paper mill in Liverpool, Nova Scotia, where he began his writing career. There, Raddall came in contact with the master American swindler and fugitive from justice, Leo Koretz, who was using the alias, Lou Keyte. Career as a writer Raddall was a prolific, award-winning writer. He received Governor General's Awards for three of his books, The Pied Piper of Dipper Creek (1943), Halifax, Warden of the North (1948) and The Path of Destiny (1957). He was made an Officer of the Order of Canada in 1971. Raddall is best known for his historical fiction, but he also published numerous non-fictional historical works. His interest in historical research grew when he was stationed at historical locations as a wireless operator, and he received crucial encouragement and assistance from Harry Piers, Curator of the Nova Scotia Museum, who became his mentor. Raddall's early works included studies of privateering, civic and marine history, and Canada during the War of 1812. His history of Halifax, Warden of the North, remains influential. Historical preservation and restoration Raddall worked with the Queens County Historical Society, the Historic Sites Advisory Council of Nova Scotia, and the Historic Sites and Monuments Board of Canada. He played a role in preserving the diary of Simeon Perkins, an early colonial document published in three volumes (the fourth has yet to be published) between 1948 and 1978 by the Champlain Society, and edited by Harold Innis, D. C. Harvey and C. B. Ferguson. Raddall helped to restore and preserve Perkins House Museum, a colonial house built by Simeon Perkins that is now a part of the Nova Scotia Museum system. Legacy An exact replica of Raddall's study, furnished with his possessions, is on view at the Thomas Raddall Research Centre, administered by the Queens County Historical Society, of which Raddall was a founding member in 1929. His correspondence is housed at the Dalhousie University Archives, which also runs the Thomas Raddall Electronic Archive Project, currently digitizing his published and unpublished writings. The Thomas Head Raddall Award is a literary award administered for the best work of adult fiction published in the previous year by a writer from Canada's Atlantic provinces. The Thomas Raddall Provincial Park is a park in Nova Scotia named for Raddall. Bibliography At the Tide's Turn and Other Stories The Cape Breton Giant and Other Writings Courage in the Storm The Dreamers The Governor's Lady - 1960 Footsteps on Old Floors: True Tales of Mystery - 1968 Halifax, Warden of the North - 1948; revised edition - 1971 Hangman's Beach His Majesty's Yankees - 1942 In My Time: A Memoir - 1976 The Markland Sagas, With a Discussion of Their Relation to Nova Scotia The Mersey Story A Muster of Arms and Other Stories The Nymph and the Lamp - 1950 Path of Destiny: Canada From the British Conquest to Home Rule - 1957 A Pictorial Guide to Historic Nova Scotia, Featuring Louisbourg, Peggy's Cove, Sable Island The Pied Piper of Dipper Creek and Other Tales Pride's Fancy - 1948 Roger Sudden - 1946 The Rover: The Story of a Canadian Privateer - 1958 The Saga of the "Rover" Son of the Hawk - 1950 Tambour and Other Stories This Is Nova Scotia, Canada's Ocean Playground Tidefall - 1953 The Wedding Gift and Other Stories , in Kanadische Erzähler der Gegenwart. Hgg. Armin Arnold, Walter E. Riedel. Manesse, Zürich 1967, 1986, p 11 – 38 West Novas: A History of the West Nova Scotia Regiment The Wings of Night - 1957 References External links Thomas Raddall Electronic Archive Project 1903 births 1994 deaths Canadian historical novelists Canadian male novelists Members of the United Church of Canada Writers from Nova Scotia Officers of the Order of Canada British emigrants to Canada People from Hythe, Kent People from Queens County, Nova Scotia Governor General's Award-winning fiction writers Governor General's Award-winning non-fiction writers 20th-century Canadian novelists 20th-century Canadian historians 20th-century Canadian male writers Canadian male non-fiction writers

4041173

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuljeet%20Randhawa

Kuljeet Randhawa

Kuljeet Randhawa (29 January 1976 – 8 February 2006) was an Indian model and actress. She is best known for her work in TV series C.A.T.S., Special Squad and Kohinoor. Early life and career Randhawa was born on 29 January 1976 in Raniganj, Asansol, West Bengal. Her father served in the Indian police, which enabled Kuljeet to travel across India including Patiala, Punjab where her father was serving at the time of her suicide. She began modelling as a student, and her work included several ads and runway shows for major designers. She earned her Honours in Psychology from Delhi University. Randhawa began her career starring in Hip Hip Hurray replacing Shweta Salve as 'Prishita'. Her performance was appreciated but she came into the spotlight when she was signed as the new lead in UTV show C.A.T.S. where she again replaced an actress Karminder Kaur. The TV series, starring Nafisa Joseph and Malini Sharma, became popular but remained slow on the ratings front. Randhawa was highly appreciated for her part as detective 'Ash'. Following the end of the series, Kuljeet continued to appear in many TV shows in cameos and also featured in modelling assignments. Randhawa saw a huge success as a model but was completely choosy when it comes to acting. After C.A.T.S. she was not seen in a lead role and after a long gap she returned in a lead role in Star One's Special Squad Star One. Randhawa was not happy with the content being portrayed on Indian Television where actresses were mostly crying. She always opted for bold and strong women centric roles which is why she got typecast in thriller roles. Randhawa played a cop/detective in more than five TV shows which was a record for any Indian Television actress and a unique one which no actress could follow successfully. Her performance was very well received in Special Squad but in order to increase the ratings, Gauri Pradhan Tejwani was signed as another female lead in the show. After six episodes, Kuljeet quit the show citing professional decisions however it was indicated that Kuljeet left the show because of Gauri which she declined later. Right after she quit Special Squad, Randhawa was signed to play 'Irawati Kohli' in Cinevistaas and Sahara One Production 'Kohinoor'. In an exclusive chat transcript, Randhawa revealed details about the show, Special Squad, Nafisa Joseph and more about herself. The season one of Kohinoor was well received by the audience and the makers were planning another season but it didn't materialize after Randhawa committed suicide in 2006. Filmography Ghar Jamai (1997) Zee TV as Subramanium/Subbu Friend (guest Role only in episode 64) Hip Hip Hurray  — Zee TV (Role — Prishita) from Episode 54 to 86. C.A.T.S. - Sony TV (Lead Role — Ash) Rishtey — Zee TV Episode 157 Aahat as Anita (Episodic role in Season 1 Episode 258 ) Sarhadein — Zee TV (Cameo) as Sheena from Episode 57 to 86 Gubbare :- (Zee TV) Episode 21 Kyun Hota Hai Pyaar — Star Plus (Cameo) Kehta Hai Dil — Star Plus (Cameo) Kumkum – Ek Pyara Sa Bandhan—Star Plus (Supporting Role) Kambhkht Ishq — Zee TV (Cameo) Special Squad  — Star One (Lead Role — Shaina Singh) Kohinoor  — Sahara One (Lead Role — Irawati Kohli) Besides acting, Randhawa worked on a number of modelling assignments for brands like Reid and Taylor, Recova, Maggi, and Anchor Switches among others. Death On 8 February 2006, Kuljeet hanged herself in her apartment in Juhu, a town in western Maharashtra. In a suicide note, Kuljeet stated that she was ending her life as she was unable to cope with life's pressures. Shortly before her death, she had completed filming for the movie By Chance. She died at the age of 30. References External links Actresses from West Bengal Female models from West Bengal Female suicides Suicides by hanging in India 1976 births 2006 deaths People from Asansol 20th-century Indian actresses 21st-century Indian actresses Actresses in Hindi television Indian television actresses 2006 suicides Artists who committed suicide

4041186

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul%20Reid%20%28soccer%2C%20born%201979%29

Paul Reid (soccer, born 1979)

Paul James Reid (born 6 July 1979) is an Australian international footballer who is an assistant coach for Sydney FC in the A-league. Reid previously played for Wollongong Wolves during championship winning seasons before moving to England where he played for six years with Bradford City and Brighton & Hove Albion before returning to Australia. Reid has made two appearances for the Australian national team. Early life Born in Sydney, Australia, Reid started his youth career at Marconi Stallions alongside Socceroos, Harry Kewell and Brett Emerton in the same U-13 team and was quickly noted for his talents. Club career Reid went on to begin his senior football career in Australia for Wollongong Wolves in 1998. He became a cult hero during his time at the Wollongong Wolves after scoring the last minute equaliser in the 2000 grand final against Perth Glory. The Wolves went on to win the game 7–6 on penalties. In 2002, Reid moved to England and joined Bradford City, but only stayed for one season before joining Brighton & Hove Albion in 2003. Reid had usually played in the right-back position in defence for the Seagulls, but the player has stated his preferred position is in the centre of midfield. Near the start of the 2006–07 season, Reid suffered a serious knee injury which saw him sidelined for nearly a year, but the player did return for the start of the 2007–08 pre-season. On 6 May 2008, it was confirmed that Reid, along with experienced trio Kerry Mayo, Gary Hart and Guy Butters were to be released from the club. On 11 July 2008, Reid began training with Hereford United in a bid to win a new contract. Adelaide United He was expected to sign with Perth Glory for the 2008–09 A-League season, but instead signed with Adelaide United on a two-year deal. He won a call up to the national-team squad in October 2008 along with Adelaide United teammates Scott Jamieson, Robert Cornthwaite and Eugene Galeković. Despite usually playing in a deep midfield role Reid has created a number of assists from both open play and set pieces. He scored his first goal for the club in a 1–1 draw against Wellington Phoenix at Westpac Stadium on 18 January 2009. Melbourne Heart Reid signed a short-term end of season contract with Melbourne Heart as injury cover during the 2012 January transfer window. INSEE Police United On 9 March, Reid agreed with a short-term contract with INSEE Police United. He arrived in Thailand on 11 March. Sydney FC In early 2011, Reid had asked former club Adelaide United for a release to join hometown club Sydney FC for their 2011 Asian Champions League campaign, resulting in a bitter fallout between himself and then manager Rini Coolen who would not release him until season's end. In September 2012, it was announced that Reid was on trial with Sydney FC, taking part in two of their pre-season matches against A-League opposition before eventually signing a 1-year deal to join the Sky Blues beginning on 1 October 2012. However, as a result of Sydney FC failing to qualify for the A-League finals, Reid, along with teammates Nathan Sherlock, Krunoslav Lovrek, Trent McClenahan, Adam Griffiths and Jarrod Kyle were released by Sydney FC at the conclusion of the 2012-13 A-League season. Rockdale City Suns After being released as a player from Sydney FC, Reid signed for Rockdale City Suns in the NSW Premier League. However, he also still works for Sydney FC as a Community Football Officer. International career Reid made his senior international debut for the Socceroos on 28 January 2009 in an AFC Asian Cup qualifying match versus Indonesia. Coaching career Following Branko Culina departure from the managers position at Rockdale, following a poor start to the 2015 NPL, Reid was announced as Rockdale City Suns new coach, a position which he would combine with playing duty when required. Reid led Rockdale to the Round of 16 of the 2015 FFA Cup against A-League club Melbourne Victory at Jubilee Oval. Despite a valiant comeback, Melbourne would win 3-2 and go on to win the overall competition. Career statistics Honours Club Wollongong Wolves NSL Championship: 1999–2000, 2000–01 Oceania Club Championship: 2000–01 References External links Adelaide United profile OzFootball profile 1979 births Living people Sportsmen from New South Wales Soccer players from Sydney Association football midfielders Expatriate footballers in Thailand Australian expatriate soccer players Australia international soccer players Australian expatriate sportspeople in England A-League Men players National Soccer League (Australia) players English Football League players Macarthur Rams FC players Adelaide United FC players Melbourne City FC players Bradford City A.F.C. players Brighton & Hove Albion F.C. players Wollongong Wolves FC players Paul Reid Sydney FC players Rockdale Ilinden FC players National Premier Leagues players Australian soccer players

4041199

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/If%20You%20Have%20to%20Ask

If You Have to Ask

"If You Have to Ask" is a song by the Red Hot Chili Peppers from their 1991 studio album Blood Sugar Sex Magik. It was released as the album's fifth and final single in 1993. A music video was made, but merely consists of live footage of the band from a 1992 show at the Winter Show Buildings in Wellington, New Zealand overdubbed with the original album track. The video is notable because it is one of only two videos to feature guitarist Arik Marshall ("Breaking the Girl" being the other). The video was rarely aired on music television and the song along with the video was not featured on the band's Greatest Hits album. Like the song "Aeroplane" from their 1995 album One Hot Minute, it was one of the two music videos from the Warner era not available on their official app. The verses of the song consist of a scratchy, minimalist funk lick played on the guitar, with a busier bass melody playing behind it. The lyrics in the verses are a stream of consciousness style run of non-sequiturs, which the chorus then explains by stating "If you have to ask, you'll never know". While guitarist John Frusciante finishes the solo at the end of the song, the production crew and the band can be heard applauding him. However, no attempts were made to edit out the applause or to re-record it like with all other unintended sounds found on the album. Live performances "If You Have to Ask" has been performed on every tour since 1991. Track listing CD single (1993) "If You Have to Ask" (edit) "If You Have to Ask" (Disco Krisco Mix) "If You Have to Ask" (Scott And Garth Mix) "Give It Away" (In Progress) 12" single (1993) "If You Have to Ask" (Disco Krisco Mix) "If You Have to Ask" (album) "If You Have to Ask" (Friday Night Fever Blister Mix) "Give It Away" (In Progress) Personnel Red Hot Chili Peppers Anthony Kiedis - lead vocals John Frusciante - guitar, synthesizer, backing vocals Flea - bass, backing vocals Chad Smith - drums, tambourine References Red Hot Chili Peppers songs 1991 songs 1993 singles Song recordings produced by Rick Rubin Songs written by Flea (musician) Songs written by John Frusciante Songs written by Anthony Kiedis Songs written by Chad Smith

4041200

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geldanamycin

Geldanamycin

Geldanamycin is a 1,4-benzoquinone ansamycin antitumor antibiotic that inhibits the function of Hsp90 (Heat Shock Protein 90) by binding to the unusual ADP/ATP-binding pocket of the protein. HSP90 client proteins play important roles in the regulation of the cell cycle, cell growth, cell survival, apoptosis, angiogenesis and oncogenesis. Geldanamycin induces the degradation of proteins that are mutated or overexpressed in tumor cells such as v-Src, Bcr-Abl, p53, and ERBB2. This effect is mediated via HSP90. Despite its potent antitumor potential, geldanamycin presents several major drawbacks as a drug candidate such as hepatotoxicity, further, Jilani et al.. reported that geldanamycin induces the apoptosis of erythrocytes under physiological concentrations. These side effects have led to the development of geldanamycin analogues, in particular analogues containing a derivatisation at the 17 position: 17-AAG 17-DMAG Biosynthesis Geldanamycin was originally discovered in the organism Streptomyces hygroscopicus. It is a macrocyclic polyketide that is synthesized by a Type I polyketide synthase. The genes gelA, gelB, and gelC encode for the polyketide synthase. The PKS is first loaded with 3-amino-5-hydroxybenzoic acid (AHBA). It then utilizes malonyl-CoA, methylmalonyl-CoA, and methoxymalonyl-CoA to synthesize the precursor molecule Progeldanamycin. This precursor is subjected to several enzymatic and non-enzymatic tailoring steps to produce the active molecule Geldanamycin, which include hydroxylation, o-methylation, carbamoylation, and oxidation. Notes References External links A comprehensive review about Geldanamycin, 17AAG and 17DMAG Geldanamycin from Fermentek Geldanamycin from Center for Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation Geldanamycin bound to proteins in the PDB 1,4-Benzoquinones Carbamates Lactams Phenol ethers Ethers Secondary alcohols Ansamycins

4041205

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walsall%20Anarchists

Walsall Anarchists

The Walsall Anarchists were a group of anarchists arrested on explosive charges in Walsall in 1892. Recent research into police files has revealed that the bombings were instigated by Auguste Coulon, an agent provocateur of Special Branch Inspector William Melville, who would go on to become an early official of what became MI5. Initial arrests On 6 January 1892, an anarchist from Walsall named Joe Deakin was arrested on Tottenham Court Road, London, and the next day was charged with manufacturing bombs at the Great Marlborough Street Magistrates Court. Following the trial, a number of other anarchists including Victor Cails, Fred Charles, William Ditchfield, John Westley and Jean Battola, were also arrested and jointly charged with manufacturing explosives. When they first appeared at the police court in Walsall, the prosecution asked for the defendants to be remanded for a week, claiming that "[t]he authorities both in Walsall and London had received very important information with reference to what he might call a widespread conspiracy throughout the country." Evidence The evidence that was presented by the prosecution included a number of allegations that the defendants possessed materials for the construction of explosives: Charles was accused of possessing plans written in French for the construction a bomb, as well as a model for an explosive bolt and a French manifesto written by Cails called The Means of Emancipation, which included a call to manufacture and use explosives. Cails was accused of possessing a fuse and several French Anarchist publications, one of which was L'International issue 7, which detailed instructions for the manufacture of explosives and how to use them in the demolition of buildings. Ditchfield was accused of having a plaster cast for building a bomb in his workshop, an explosive bolt in his home and an amount of clay (mixed together with hair) in the Socialist Club's basement. All six were remanded in custody, although no explosives were actually found and there was no evidence as regards the other three defendants. Subsequent arrests and confessions Under the false belief that Charles was an informant, Deakin made a confession. However, his confession also implicated Auguste Coulon, a French anarchist, who worked as an assistant in the school set up by Louise Michel in order to educate foreign socialists' children in London. He was also involved in trying to organise chemistry classes and translating and circulating information about bomb making. The police also arrested a Swiss inventor called Cavargna, the inventor of a number of small explosives that were used to exterminate rabbits in Australia, who was released from jail after two days. A further person named McCormack, who had been recently expelled from the socialist club in Walsall, offered to become an informant for the police, who soon decided he was unreliable. He went to Birmingham where he sold his story to the newspaper for drinking money. After being arrested under charges of public intoxication, he promptly declared in court next day that the police had employed him to fabricate evidence against the Walsall Anarchists. Charles Mowbray and David Nicoll were soon also arrested on conspiracy charges. Following his release, Nicoll was raising money for the Walsall anarchists when, by chance, Coulon's brother let slip that Coulon himself was a police agent. The defence brought up the situation at the police court and gave Coulon's address asking why he had not been arrested as well. After Nicoll had set up an anarchist defence fund, Edward Carpenter set up one which raised money in socialist circles. Their different political outlook was especially noticeable as regards to what extent they felt the whole trial was a case of police provocation. Atmosphere of the trial and conviction The case aroused media attention, particularly around two texts: the Means of Emancipation and The Anarchist Feast at The Operathe latter described how the maximum amount of damage could be done to an opera house by rupturing its gas supply and leaving incendiary devices in the seats, while the miscreant could make their escape. Following three bombings in Paris, the correspondent for The Times made the connection: 'Anarchists should not be regarded as members of a political party, and it should not be possible for an Anarchist to hurry away from Paris to find an asylum in Brussels, in Geneva or in London.' Ravachol was arrested for two of these bombings, and promptly made a confession. The climate of the trial was not conducive to a sober consideration of the factsThe Anarchist Feast at The Opera was read out as if it were the views of the defendants. The defense did not argue that it was a police plot. Charles, Cails and Battola were found guilty, Deakin was also found guilty but the jury recommended that the judge grant him mercy, while Westley and Ditchfield were found not guilty. Those found guilty were allowed to make a statement, whereupon the first three stated they thought it was a police plot. Charles, Battola and Cails were each sentenced to ten years in prison, while Deakin was sentenced to five years. Although the judge denied he was punishing them for being anarchists, The Times was more to the point: 'Alas! Alas! Ten years for Charles, it is too bad. An evil conscience makes them cowards.' wrote Edward Carpenter following the trial. References 1892 in England Anarchist organisations in the United Kingdom History of Staffordshire Victorian era People of the Victorian era Walsall 19th-century English people

4041207

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transport%20Action%20Canada

Transport Action Canada

Transport Action Canada is a non-profit, consumer-based organization that promotes sustainable transport through advocacy and education. It is concerned with all modes of public transport, such as passenger train service, aviation including air safety, and urban transit. The association functions as a citizen-based advocacy group, compared to transport industry based bodies such as the Railway Association of Canada or the Canadian Urban Transit Association. Activities The association regularly communicates with government and industry officials to promote sustainable transport views, including Transport Canada and elected officials of all government levels. Canadian news media agencies frequently interview Transport 2000 Canada officials on transportation matters. History The organization was founded as Transport 2000 Canada in 1976 following concerns about the future of passenger trains in Canada. Passenger train service in Canada had declined in the latter 20th century as train routes were being eliminated by Canadian National Railway and Canadian Pacific Railway. In 1993, Transport 2000 became one of seven Canadian non-for-profit organisations supported by The Samuel and Saidye Bronfman Family Foundation's Urban Issues program. The association continued to monitor and address developments in the national passenger transportation system, especially since the 1978 formation of Via Rail Canada to provide national passenger train service. The association later formed its Air Passenger Safety Group, especially prompted by the September 1998 Swissair Flight 111 disaster off the Nova Scotia coastline. Urban transit is an increasingly important topic addressed by the national and regional associations of the organization. The organization's support for the O-Train pilot project (today's Trillium Line) was a significant factor in returning rail transit service to Ottawa in 2001. Transport Action Canada has since been critical of the subsequent plans to develop the North-South Light Rail Transit line, citing the proposals to combine the downtown train with bus congestion, disruption to existing O-Train travel (today's Trillium Line) during the line's construction, and longer-term viability of the proposed North-South route. National office facilities for Transport Action Canada are located in Ottawa, Ontario. The association has been a contributor to the development of aviation regulation, particularly as it relates to airline passengers, though Transport Canada's Canadian Aviation Regulation Advisory Council (CARAC) process. Organization Transport Action Canada is composed as a federation of the following like-minded regional associations: Transport Action Atlantic (Newfoundland, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Prince Edward Island) Transport Action British Columbia (British Columbia) Transport Action Ontario (Ontario) Transport Action Prairies (Alberta, Manitoba, Saskatchewan) Transport Action Quebec (Quebec) Publications The organization publishes a newsletter titled Transport Action which provides news and opinion on topical transportation matters. This is published six times per year and primarily distributed to its members. Members of Transport Action Canada are often members of one or more of the affiliated regional associations which often publish their own newsletters. A bulletin of transport-related news is also produced on an approximately weekly basis. This "hotline" is published on the association's official website. See also Campaign for Better Transport (United Kingdom) (formerly known as Transport 2000) Canadian Urban Transit Association :Category:Transportation companies of Canada List of urban transit advocacy organisations National Association of Railroad Passengers Transportation in Canada Via Rail Canada References External links Transport Action Canada (official website) Transport Action Quebec (regional association website) Transport 2000 Quebec history (in French) Public transport in Canada Transport associations in Canada Aviation in Canada Political advocacy groups in Canada Public transport advocacy organizations

4041208

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red%20Hills%20Region

Red Hills Region

The Red Hills or Tallahassee Hills is a region of gently rolling hills in the southeastern United States. It is a geomorphic region and an ecoregion. Location The Red Hills physiographic region of northern Florida was defined in 1914 as most of Leon County north of the Cody Scarp, and small portions of southernmost Grady and Thomas counties in Georgia. The original tree cover of the region was a shortleaf pine-oak-hickory woodland with deep sandy clay soil. A wider definition of the Red Hills Region includes Jefferson County, Florida north of the Cody Scarp and the southern portions of Grady and Thomas counties in Georgia. This larger region consists of about that is bounded by the Aucilla River on the east and northeast, by the Ochlockonee River on the west and northwest, and by the Cody Scarp on the south. The Red Hills physiographic region is part of the Tallahassee Hills/Valdosta Limesink ecoregion, which extends across northern Florida and southern Georgia from the Apalachicola River to the vicinity of Valdosta, Georgia. A wider Red Hills section of Florida has been defined as extending along the Alabama and Georgia borders, including, from east to west, Madison, Jefferson, Leon, Gadsden and Jackson counties. There is a Red Hills Physiographic Province in south central Alabama. History The area was first settled by Paleo-Indians in and around the various lakes in the southern part of the Red Hills. The Apalachee were found here in the 16th century, and were almost annihilated through wars, disease, and slavery. In the 18th century, the Seminoles made the Red Hills their home until the early 19th century and the Seminole Wars. Also in the 19th century, white settlers began cotton plantations, which thrived until the Civil War. At one time, Leon County, Florida, was the 5th largest producer of cotton among all counties in Georgia and Florida. After the Civil War, many of the Red Hills' plantations became winter homes and quail hunting plantations for wealthy northerners; the area between Thomasville and Tallahassee is still home to dozens of such plantations, such as Greenwood, Pebble Hill, and Goodwood. Geography Rolling hills, ravines and gullies covered by forests and the large lakes of Lake Jackson, Lake Iamonia, Lake Miccosukee, Lake Lafayette, and Lake Talquin. The highest point in the Red Hills is north of Tallahassee by . The soil is red clay deposited during the last ice age from the Appalachian Mountains. Rivers running through the Red Hills Region are the Aucilla River, Ochlockonee River, and Telogia Creek. The St. Marks River is subterranean until it meets the surface in the Woodville Karst Plain. Flora and fauna Trees The area is covered in a number of native species. There are a variety of oak including southern live oak, water oak, laurel oak, white oak, overcup oak, post oak, black oak as well as other hardwood trees such as American sweetgum, a variety of magnolia, as well as hickory, flowering dogwood, red maple, and redbud. Conifers are also abundant, including shortleaf pine, and loblolly pine. The Red Hills are home to some of the last remnants of the great longleaf pine forests remaining in the nation. Animal life The Red Hills Region supports the northern bobwhite quail, white-tailed deer, red fox, raccoon, eastern gray squirrel, nine-banded armadillo, black bear, migratory bird, federally endangered red-cockaded woodpecker, gopher tortoise, eastern diamondback rattlesnake, eastern tiger salamander, and many other animals and plants. Features The Red Hills Region serves as one of the highest recharge areas for the Floridan aquifer — which is critical to the drinking water supply for residents of Florida, Georgia, and Alabama. The Red Hills Region also has the largest concentration of undeveloped plantation lands in the United States. The Red Hills has been identified for special conservation efforts, and The Nature Conservancy has designated the Red Hills as one of America's "Last Great Places." Namesake event Each spring, the equestrian community meets for the Red Hills Horse Trials, an Olympics qualifying event held at Elinor Klapp-Phipps Park. References Regions of Florida Regions of Georgia (U.S. state)

4041214

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spring%20Grove%20Cemetery

Spring Grove Cemetery

Spring Grove Cemetery and Arboretum () is a nonprofit rural cemetery and arboretum located at 4521 Spring Grove Avenue, Cincinnati, Ohio. It is the third largest cemetery in the United States, after the Calverton National Cemetery and Abraham Lincoln National Cemetery and is recognized as a US National Historic Landmark. History The cemetery dates from 1844, when members of the Cincinnati Horticultural Society formed a cemetery association. They took their inspiration from contemporary rural cemeteries such as Père Lachaise Cemetery in Paris, and Mount Auburn Cemetery in Cambridge, Massachusetts. The numerous springs and groves suggested the name "Spring Grove". On December 1, 1844, Salmon P. Chase and others prepared the Articles of Incorporation. The cemetery was designed by Howard Daniels and formally chartered on January 21, 1845. The first burial took place on September 1, 1845. In 1855, Adolph Strauch, a renowned landscape architect, was hired to beautify the grounds. His sense and layout of the "garden cemetery" made of lakes, trees and shrubs, is what visitors today still see. He created a more open landscape by setting limits on private enclosures and monument heights. The results of the redesign earned Strauch praise in the U.S. and abroad, including from Frederick Law Olmsted and the French landscape architect Edouard André. On March 29, 2007, the cemetery was designated a National Historic Landmark. The Spring Grove Cemetery Chapel is listed separately on the National Register of Historic Places. On October 23, 2013, cemetery staff removed a large and potentially disturbing SpongeBob SquarePants headstone from the grave of U.S. Army Corporal Kimberly Walker and another for her still-living sister a day after her funeral. The family believed they had permission from a worker, whom management said had erred. In February 2014, both parties agreed to reinstate the statues with granite slabs largely hiding them from passersby. Description Spring Grove encompasses of which are currently landscaped and maintained. Its grounds include 12 ponds, many fine tombstones and memorials, and various examples of Gothic Revival architecture. As of 2005, its National Champion trees were Cladrastis kentukea and Halesia diptera; its State Champion trees included Abies cilicica, Abies koreana, Cedrus libani, Chionanthus virginicus, Eucommia ulmoides, Halesia parvifolia, Metasequoia glyptostroboides, Phellodendron amurense, Picea orientalis, Picea polita, Pinus flexilis, Pinus griffithi, Pinus monticola, Quercus cerris, Quercus nigra, Taxodium distichum, Ulmus serotina, and Zelkova serrata. Notable burials See also :Category:Burials at Spring Grove Cemetery. Jacob Ammen, Civil War general Nicholas Longworth Anderson, Civil War colonel Joshua Hall Bates, Civil War general Richard M. Bishop, Cincinnati Mayor and Ohio Governor George K. Brady, United States Army officer. Briefly commander of the Department of Alaska Emma Lucy Braun, botanist Charles Elwood Brown, Civil War brevet brigadier general and U.S. Representative Sidney Burbank, Civil War colonel Jacob Burnet, US Senator Samuel Fenton Cary, Congressman, prohibitionist Kate Chase, daughter of Salmon Chase and Washington, D.C. Civil War socialite Salmon P. Chase, Chief Justice of the United States Henry M. Cist, Civil War brevet brigadier general Levi Coffin, Quaker abolitionist Arthur F. Devereux, Brevet Brigadier General during the Civil War; from Salem, Massachusetts Daniel Drake, physician and writer Charles L. Fleischmann, yeast manufacturer Joseph Benson Foraker, Governor of Ohio, U.S. Senator, Judge, American Civil War Captain Manning Force, Civil War Brevet Brigadier General, Medal of Honor recipient James Gamble, co-founder of Procter & Gamble Company Kenner Garrard, Civil War general Heinie Groh, Cincinnati Reds Hall of Fame third baseman Theodore Sommers Henderson, Bishop of the Methodist Episcopal Church Andrew Hickenlooper, Civil War general Joseph Hooker, Civil War general and commander of the Army of the Potomac at the Battle of Chancellorsville Waite Hoyt, professional baseball player; Hall of Fame pitcher Miller Huggins, Hall of Fame baseball manager of New York Yankees during Babe Ruth era Isaac M. Jordan, one of the seven founders of Sigma Chi Fraternity John William Kilbreth, U.S. Army brigadier general during World War I Bernard Kroger, founder of Kroger supermarkets Alexander Long, Congressman Nicholas Longworth, Father of American grape culture Joseph Longworth, art collector and patron, son of Nicholas Longworth Nicholas Longworth, American politician, Speaker of the US House of Representatives, grandson of Nicholas Longworth William Haines Lytle, 19th century Ohio, general, politician, poet Joseph Mason, artist, who was an uncredited assistant to John James Audubon in illustrating the Birds of America Stanley Matthews, Associate Justice of the United States Supreme Court* Alexander McDowell McCook, Union army general Charles Pettit McIlvaine, Episcopal bishop, author, educator and twice Chaplain of the United States Senate John McLean, Associate Justice of the United States Supreme Court George Hunt Pendleton, Congressman and US Senator Sarah Morgan Bryan Piatt, poet William Procter, co-founder of Procter and Gamble Skip Prosser, Wake Forest University men's basketball head coach at the time of his death, former assistant and head men's basketball coach at Xavier University Henry Stanbery, Attorney General of the United States Adolph Strauch, landscape architect, designer of Spring Grove Cemetery Dudley Sutphin, Cincinnati attorney, judge and French Legion of Honor medal winner Alphonso Taft, politician, father of President of the United States William Howard Taft Charles Phelps Taft II, Mayor of Cincinnati and son of President William Howard Taft Louise Taft, second wife of Alphonso Taft and mother of William Howard Taft John Morgan Walden, Bishop of the Methodist Episcopal Church Godfrey Weitzel, Civil War general Frances Wright, pioneering feminist, abolitionist, and freethinker See also List of botanical gardens and arboretums in the United States List of National Historic Landmarks in Ohio Notes External links Spring Grove Cemetery and Arboretum Forty Civil War generals buried in Spring Grove Cemetery Spring Grove Entrance Arboreta in Ohio Cemeteries in Cincinnati Botanical gardens in Ohio National Register of Historic Places in Cincinnati National Historic Landmarks in Ohio Protected areas of Hamilton County, Ohio Tourist attractions in Cincinnati Gothic Revival architecture in Ohio Historic districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Ohio Cemeteries on the National Register of Historic Places in Ohio Rural cemeteries

4041215

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul%20Boutilier

Paul Boutilier

Paul André Boutilier (born May 3, 1963) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey defenceman who played with several National Hockey League teams in the 1980s. He was a member of the 1983 Stanley Cup champion New York Islanders. Playing career Boutilier was born in Sydney, Nova Scotia. He starred in the QMJHL with the Sherbrooke Castors in the early 1980s. In 1982, he helped the team reach the Memorial Cup finals, however his team lost to the Kitchener Rangers. He was named to the tournament all-star team, and was voted a first team all-star by the QMJHL. Chosen 21st overall by the New York Islanders in the 1981 NHL Entry Draft (ahead of such future NHL stars as Chris Chelios and John Vanbiesbrouck), Boutilier split his first full pro season between the Islanders and the CHL's Indianapolis Checkers. He did, however, have his name inscribed on the Stanley Cup in 1983 after appearing in two playoff games for the champion Isles. He also attended McGill University during off-seasons. Boutilier became a regular on the Islanders' blueline in 1984–85 and recorded a career-best 35 points. He scored 34 points the next year and showed a willingness to play rough in his own zone. Over the next four years his play was less consistent. He moved around the league with the Boston Bruins, Minnesota North Stars, New York Rangers, Winnipeg Jets, and three different minor pro clubs. He retired in 1990 after spending most of the year in Switzerland with SC Bern. Coaching Boutilier was named St. Mary's (AUAA) assistant coach prior to the 1991–92 season and remained in that position through 1992–93. He was promoted to head coach prior to 1993–94 season and remained in that position through 1996–97. Post-hockey After retiring from hockey, Boutilier became a regular on the Canadian curling circuit, serving as head of the World Curling Tour and World Curling Players' Association. He currently teaches International Marketing at the University of Prince Edward Island and is the Director of Defence Development & Analytics for the Saint John Sea Dogs in the QMJHL. In 2015, he was named assistant coach of the Sea Dogs. Career statistics Regular season and playoffs International Awards & honors QMJHL First All-Star Team (1982) QMJHL Emile Bouchard Trophy (Defenseman of Year) 1981-82 Memorial Cup Tournament All-Star Team (1982) 1983 Stanley Cup- New York Islanders AHL First All-Star Team (1989) Inducted to Nova Scotia Sports Hall of Fame, 1994 External links Hockey Draft Central References 1963 births Living people Athabasca University alumni Boston Bruins players Canadian ice hockey defencemen Canadian people of Acadian descent Colorado Rangers players Indianapolis Checkers (CHL) players Sportspeople from the Cape Breton Regional Municipality Maine Mariners players Minnesota North Stars players Moncton Hawks players National Hockey League first-round draft picks New Haven Nighthawks players New York Islanders draft picks New York Islanders players New York Rangers players People from Sydney, Nova Scotia Saint-Jean Castors players SC Bern players Sherbrooke Castors players Stanley Cup champions Winnipeg Jets (1979–1996) players Ice hockey people from Nova Scotia University of Prince Edward Island faculty ZSC Lions players Canadian expatriate ice hockey players in Switzerland

4041225

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glanville

Glanville

Glanville or Glanvill may refer to: Places: Glanville, Calvados, commune in the Basse-Normandie region of France Glanville, South Australia, suburb of Adelaide, Australia Glanville railway station Wootton Glanville, village in Dorset, England People: Ann Glanville (1796–1880), Cornish rower Brandi Glanville (born 1972), American television personality and former fashion model Brian Glanville (born 1931), English football writer and novelist Christine Glanville (1924–1999), English puppeteer Doug Glanville (born 1970), American baseball player Eleanor Glanville (c. 1654–1709), English entomologist Ernest Glanville (1855–1925), South African author Francis Glanville (1827–1910), British Army general Glanville Williams (1911–1997), Welsh legal scholar Harold Glanville (1854–1930), English businessman and politician Harold Glanville (junior) (1884–1966), English Liberal Party politician. Jacob Glanville, co-founder of Distributed Bio James Glanville (1891–1958), British politician Jason Glanville, leader in Australian Indigenous community Jerry Glanville (born 1941), American football coach Sir John Glanville (judge) (1542–1600), English Member of Parliament and judge Sir John Glanville (1586–1661), English politician Joseph Glanvill (1636–1680), English writer Lucy Glanville (born 1994), Australian biathlete Marc Glanville (born 1966), Australian rugby league footballer Mark Glanville, English classical singer and writer Peggy Glanville-Hicks (1912–1990), Australian composer Phil de Glanville (born 1968), English rugby union player Ranulf de Glanvill (died 1190), English justiciar Ranulph Glanville (born 1946), English researcher Stephen Glanville (1900–1956), English Egyptologist Sir William Glanville (1900–1976), British civil engineer Other: Tractatus de legibus et consuetudinibus regni Anglie, the earliest English law treatise (1187–9), commonly called Glanvill after its attribution to Ranulf de Glanvill Glanville fritillary, butterfly

4041227

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cranley%20Onslow

Cranley Onslow

Cranley Gordon Douglas Onslow, Baron Onslow of Woking, (8 June 1926 – 13 March 2001) was a British politician and served as the Conservative MP for Woking from 1964 to 1997, and a British Peer from 1997 until his death in 2001. Family background Onslow was related to the Earl of Onslow, and was named for one of the subsidiary titles of the Earldom: Viscount Cranley. His parents were Francis Robert Douglas Onslow (1878–1938) and Mabel Strachan (d 1974). He had a younger brother, Ian Denzil Onslow (1929–2013). Onslow was a descendant of George Onslow, eldest son of Lieutenant-General Richard Onslow, nephew of the first Baron and uncle of the first Earl. Early life and career He was educated at Harrow School and then Sandhurst. He then joined the military in 1944 and was commissioned as a second lieutenant into the Queen's Own Hussars. Upon completing this service he read history at Oriel College, Oxford. Onslow then joined MI6 as an intelligence officer and had a tour of duty in Burma. Political career Onslow resigned from the civil service in 1960 and became active in politics, first being elected to Dartford Rural District Council and later to Kent County Council. In 1963 he was selected to succeed Harold Watkinson as MP for Woking and he was elected the following year in the 1964 general election. Once elected, Onslow demonstrated his right wing credentials by calling for lower taxes on the middle class and a reduction in third world aid. He also pursued a strong non-partisan interest in aviation, eventually chairing the Conservative aviation committee. Government He would later serve as Parliamentary Under Secretary of State for Aerospace from 1972 to 1974 in Edward Heath's government. In Margaret Thatcher's government he was made a Minister of State at the Foreign and Commonwealth Office in 1983, but resigned a year later after his boss, Francis Pym, was sacked by Margaret Thatcher. 1922 Committee In 1984, he was elected to chair the 1922 Committee, and was therefore considered to be the most powerful backbencher in the Conservative party. In this post, he conveyed to Mrs Thatcher the desire of backbenchers that Leon Brittan should resign over the Westland affair and in the 1990 leadership contest that many backbenchers wanted a broader choice of candidates, contributing to her decision to drop out. This angered many allies of Thatcher, and in 1992 he was forced from his post as chairman of the 1922 Committee. Honours and styles Honours Having been sworn of the Privy Council in the 1988 New Year Honours, Onslow was appointed to the Order of St Michael and St George as a Knight Commander (KCMG) for "political service" in the 1993 New Year Honours and upon stepping down from Parliament in 1997 his life peerage was announced in the Resignation Honours and he was raised to the peerage as Baron Onslow of Woking, of Woking in the County of Surrey. Marriage In 1955, he married Lady June Hay, daughter of George Hay, 14th Earl of Kinnoull. References Guardian Obituary ThePeerage.com profile 1926 births 2001 deaths Chairmen of the 1922 Committee People educated at Harrow School Graduates of the Royal Military College, Sandhurst Alumni of Oriel College, Oxford Knights Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George Queen's Own Hussars officers Conservative Party (UK) life peers Life peers created by Elizabeth II Members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom Conservative Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies UK MPs 1964–1966 UK MPs 1966–1970 UK MPs 1970–1974 UK MPs 1974 UK MPs 1974–1979 UK MPs 1979–1983 UK MPs 1983–1987 UK MPs 1987–1992 UK MPs 1992–1997 Members of Kent County Council Cranley British Army personnel of World War II

4041230

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rip%20Off%20Press

Rip Off Press

Rip Off Press Inc. is a comic book mail order retailer and distributor, better known as the former publisher of adult-themed series like The Fabulous Furry Freak Brothers and Rip Off Comix, as well as many other seminal publications from the underground comix era. Founded in 1969 in San Francisco by four friends from Austin, Texas — cartoonists Gilbert Shelton and Jack Jackson, and Fred Todd and Dave Moriaty — Rip Off Press is now run in Auburn, California, by Todd. Rip Off Press is notable for being the first company to publish the fourth edition of the Principia Discordia, a Discordian religious text written by Gregory Hill and Kerry Thornley. It was also an early publisher of a booklet on drug manufacturing, Psychedelic Chemistry. History Origins In January 17, 1969, the company was founded in San Francisco by four Texans: Fred Todd, Dave Moriaty, and cartoonists Gilbert Shelton and Jack Jackson. The initial plan was to print rock band promotional posters on an old press and do comix on the side — in some ways the company was formed as a sort of cartoonists' cooperative, as an alternative publishing venue to other Bay Area publishers like Apex Novelties, Print Mint, and Company & Sons. The four men purchased a used Davidson 233 offset printing press and set up shop in the same space as Apex Novelties, located on the third-floor ballroom of the former Mowry's Opera House, at 633 Laguna Street in Hayes Valley. The first comix Rip Off Press published, in 1969, were R. Crumb's Big Ass Comics (June '69), a reprint of Jaxon's God Nose (originally published in 1964), Jaxon's Happy Endings Comics (August '69), and the first issue of Fred Schrier and Dave Sheridan's Mother's Oats Comix (October '69). After a fire almost destroyed the opera house in late 1969, Rip Off moved to the decaying former headquarters of the Family Dog psychedelic rock music promotion collective (which Jaxon had been a member of starting in 1966). Rip Off Press was located at 1250 17th Street in San Francisco from 1970 until 1985. By 1972, the poster printing business had faded away and the company had become a publishing house. Other works the company published during this period included comix by Frank Stack, Sheridan (all co-published with Gary Arlington's San Francisco Comic Book Company), The Rip Off Review of Western Culture omnibus, and Shelton's The Fabulous Furry Freak Brothers. Changing times As the underground comix market began to peter out in the early 1970s, Rip Off Press shifted its focus to other cartoonists and other comics. By this point, Rip Off Press co-founders Moriaty and Jackson had gone back to Texas, leaving the running of the company to Shelton and Todd. The company started a syndication service, managed by Shelton, that sold weekly content to alternative newspapers and student publications. Each Friday, the company sent out a distribution sheet with the strips it was selling, by such cartoonists as Shelton, Joel Beck, Dave Sheridan, Ted Richards, Bill Griffith, and Harry Driggs (as R. Diggs). The Rip Off Press Syndicate, never really a profitable operation, was discontinued by 1979. (Griffith's Zippy, which had debuted in 1976 as a weekly strip with Rip Off's syndicate, was picked up for daily syndication in 1986 by King Features Syndicate.) Much of the material produced for the syndicate was eventually published in the company's long-running anthology Rip Off Comix, which had debuted in 1977. In 1979, Universal Studios paid Shelton and Rip Off Press $250,000 for the rights to make a live-action Fabulous Furry Freak Brothers film. Rip Off used its share of the rights fees to buy a new typesetting machine and a computer system, which enabled it in turn to launch the mail order business that later became integral to the company's survival. (The Universal-produced Freak Brothers film never made it to production.) The future Kathe Todd, who first came to the company in 1975 for a college summer job, married co-founder Fred Todd in 1980; by the mid-1980s she had assumed co-management of the company. Cartoonist Jay Kinney joined the company as an editor in 1981, but left after a few months. Cartoonist Guy Colwell began freelancing for Rip Off Press in the production department beginning in 1980; he worked on-and-off for the company through . After bouncing back and forth between Europe and the Bay Area in the late 1970s and early 1980s (thanks to the money he received from Universal), co-founder Shelton and his wife permanently relocated to France in 1984. In mid-1985, the company moved from 17th Street to a smaller space on San Jose Avenue near the city's southern border, with warehouse space across town at the Bayview Industrial Park. This three-story, block-square building, which housed over a hundred other businesses, burned to the ground on April 6, 1986, following an explosion in an illegal fireworks factory in the basement. Relocation to Auburn Freed of a 17-year accumulation of comix and other paraphernalia, Fred Todd (who at this point was the only original partner still working in the business) decided to relocate Rip Off Press to Auburn, California (part of the Sacramento metropolitan area), where he and Kathe continued to run the company while raising their two small children in more pleasant surroundings. The move was made in June 1987. During this era, Rip Off Press continued to publish Shelton's The Fabulous Furry Freak Brothers and the Rip Off Comix anthology; the popularity of erotic comics in the late 1980s/early 1990s led to the publication of such titles as Strips by Chuck Austen, The Girl by Kevin J. Taylor, Doll by Guy Colwell, and SS Crompton's Demi the Demoness. The company published two music-related indy comics titles by Matt Howarth — Savage Henry and Those Annoying Post Bros., from 1989 to 1994. Rip Off Press also took over the publication of the long-running all-female underground anthology Wimmen's Comix with issue #14 (1989) of that title, publishing it through 1993. Shift from publishing to retailing After the collapse of the direct market in the early 1990s (fueled by Marvel Comics' withdrawal of its 40% market share from the distribution system), Rip Off Press began cutting costs and gradually retreated from publishing. By 1997, it had shifted its business to selling backlist comics in its store and to mail-order customers, plus to the fans finding them online. The Todds moved the business to much smaller quarters adjoining their home in 1999, where they continue to sell comix, mostly through the company website. The website was disabled for a time in 2011–2012, during which time it was completely redesigned and a large number of collectors' items (including historic ad pieces, rare press sheets, publisher's overlay proofs from the company's publishing history, and more) were added to its offerings. Selected titles and artists Syndication service strips Cartoon Cavalcade by Joel Beck Dealer McDope by Dave Sheridan E.Z. Wolf by Ted Richards The Fabulous Furry Freak Brothers by Gilbert Shelton Fat Freddy's Cat by Gilbert Shelton Forty Year Old Hippie by Ted Richards Griffith Observatory by Bill Griffith Mom Squad by Harry Driggs (as R. Diggs) Motoring Tips by Gilbert Shelton Nerds by Dave Sheridan Wonder Wart-Hog by Gilbert Shelton with Tony Bell and Joe E. Brown, Jr. Zippy by Bill Griffith (from 1976) Comics Anthologies: Rip Off Comix (30 issues, 1977–1991) The Rip Off Review of Western Culture (3 issues, 1972) — edited by Dave Moriaty Wimmen's Comix (4 issues, 1989–1992) Chuck Austen: Strips (1989–1991) Guy Colwell: Doll (8 issues, 1989–1992) Central Body: The Art of Guy Colwell (1991) SS Crompton: Demi the Demoness (1993–1997) Robert Crumb: Big Ass Comics (2 issues, 1969–1971) R. Crumb's Comics and Stories (1969) — features 10-page Fritz the Cat story drawn in 1964 Motor City Comics (2 issues, 1969–1970) Harry Driggs (as R. Diggs) Great Diggs of '77: a Cartoonists View of 1977 from the Pages of the Rip Off Comix Syndicate, the Berkeley Barb and the Ag-Biz Tiller (64 pp, 1977) — political cartoons Great Diggs II: a Cartoonist's View of World Events, Compiled from the Pages of the Rip Off Comix Syndicate (36 pp., 1979) — political cartoons Greatest Diggs of All Time (Rip Off Press, 1991) — collecting material from various anthologies The Life and Loves of Cleopatra (1991) — censored version of Driggs' pornographic comic, originally published in 1967 Larry Gonick: Cartoon History of the Universe (9 issues, 1978–1992) Matt Howarth: Savage Henry (17 issues, 1990–1993) Those Annoying Post Bros. (20 issues, 1991–1994) Carol Lay: Good Girls (1991) Gilbert Shelton: The Fabulous Furry Freak Brothers (13 issues, 1971–1997) Fat Freddy's Cat (12 issues, 1977–1993) Wonder Wart-Hog (1973–1975) Not Quite Dead (5 issues, 1993–1995) Dave Sheridan: Mother's Oats Comix (1970–1976)— with Fred Schrier and others Skull Comics #1 (1970) — with Fred Schrier and others; later picked up by Last Gasp The Balloon Vendor (1971)— with Fred Schrier Frank Stack: Jesus Comics (3 issues, 1969–1972) Feelgood Funnies (2 issues, 1972, 1984) Amazon Comics (1972) Dorman's Doggie (1979) Kevin J. Taylor: Model by Day (1990) The Girl (1991) Further reading "Rip Off Press: The Publishing Company That's a Little Like the Weather," The Comics Journal # 92 (Aug. 1984), pp. 69-83 — interviews with Gilbert Shelton, Fred Todd, and Don Baumgart Jackson, Jack. "Rip Off Press in the Golden Era," Rip Off Comix #21 (Winter 1988), pp. 2-9: "Rip Off co-founder Jack Jackson tells it like it was, during the earliest years of grit and glory." Todd, Fred. "The Real Story According to Fred Todd," Rip Off Comix #21 (Winter 1988), pp. 10-13: "ROP's illustrious president fleshes out Jack's tale with some anecdotes and photos, and takes the history of Rip Off Press up through our 1987 move to Auburn." Crabb, R. L. "My Cosmic Connection with Rip Off Press," Rip Off Comix #21 (Winter 1988), pp. 14–16 — "Bob Crabb explains how mysterious forces brought him to our door." "Rip Off Land," Rip Off Comix #21 (Winter 1988), pp. 17-29 — "Rip Off Press as seen by some of its artists, employees and others over the years." References External links Comic book publishing companies of the United States Underground comix Entertainment companies based in California Companies based in San Francisco Publishing companies established in 1969 1969 establishments in California

4041239

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyclooctadiene

Cyclooctadiene

A cyclooctadiene (sometimes abbreviated COD) is any of several cyclic diene with the formula (CH2)4(C2H2)2. Focusing only on cis derivatives, four isomers are possible: 1,2-, which is an allene, 1,3-, 1,4-, and 1,5-. Commonly encountered isomers are the conjugated isomer 1,3-cyclooctadiene and 1,5-cyclooctadiene, which is used as a ligand for transition metals. These dienes are colorless volatile liquids. References External links 1,5-Cyclooctadiene Cycloalkenes Dienes Eight-membered rings

4041255

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angi%20Inc.

Angi Inc.

Angi Inc. (formerly ANGI Homeservices Inc.) is an internet services company formed in 2017 by the merger of Angie's List and HomeAdvisor. The company has its earliest roots in American home services website Angie's List, founded in 1995 as an online directory that allows users to read and publish crowd-sourced reviews of local businesses and contractors. For the quarter ending on June 30, 2018, ANGI reported total revenue of US$1,132,000,000 and a net income of US$77,507,000. On May 1, 2017, The Wall Street Journal reported that IAC planned to buy Angie's List. By September 2017 the new publicly traded company was called ANGI Homeservices Inc. Shares started trading in early October, 2017. In March 2019, Angi moved its corporate headquarters to Denver, Colorado. History William S. Oesterle and Angie Hicks founded Angie's List in 1995. The idea resulted from Hicks's search for a reliable construction contractor in suburban Columbus, Ohio, on behalf of Oesterle, a venture capitalist who was Hicks's boss. Hicks moved to Columbus to join Oesterle in creating Columbus Neighbors, a call-in service, and publication with reviews of local home and lawn care services. The name and concept were based on Unified Neighbors in Indianapolis, Indiana. Hicks went door-to-door, signing up consumers as members and collecting ratings of local contractors. After Hicks recruited over 1,000 members in Columbus within one year, she turned to Oesterle to raise money from investors to develop the business. In 2013, Angie's List investors worried that the company had been in business for more than 18 years, yet never had shown an annual profit and that valuations of the company were unrealistic based on the actual revenue the company produces. But by 2015 growth estimates indicate a significant earnings-per-share growth, with a long-term growth rate at 19%. Combine this with stock estimates rising in 2015 by 13.3%, some Securities research firms such as Zacks Investment Research indicated ANGI is well-positioned for future earnings growth. HomeAdvisor In 1996, the company bought Unified Neighbors from its creator and moved the company's headquarters to Indianapolis. In 1998, ServiceMagic was founded by Rodney Rice and Michael Beaudoin who were part of the founding management team of Einstein Bros Bagels. In 2004, IAC acquired the website for an undisclosed price. On July 22, 2004, IAC acquired ServiceMagic. In October 2008, ServiceMagic acquired the French business 123Devis.com and Travaux.com, as well as UK business 123GetAQuote.co.uk to create ServiceMagic Europe. In March 2009, the UK business was rebranded as ServiceMagic.co.uk. In 2012, the firm changed its name to HomeAdvisor. In 2013, HomeAdvisor acquired Werkspot.nl, the leading Dutch home improvement platform. In 2014, Werkspot.nl opens her twin company in Italy: Instapro. By 2015, the firm had achieved more than $300 million in annual revenue, been used by more than 30 million homeowners, had nearly 100,000 pre-screened service professionals in its network and almost 3 million verified reviews. In 2016, HomeAdvisor acquired the German home services company, MyHammer. In 2017, it acquired Canada's leading home services platform, HomeStars, and MyBuilder, the UK's leading home services platform connecting homeowners and tradesmen. Angi In 2010, Angie's List raised a total of $25 million in capital from investors. In September 2010, Wasatch Funds and Battery Ventures invested $22 million. In November 2010, Saints Capital led an additional funding of $2.5 million. On November 17, 2011,t he firm began trading on the NASDAQ exchange under the ticker symbol ANGI. It priced 8.8M shares at $13 and opened for trading at $18, a 33% premium. In July 2016, Angie's List was made a freemium service; the basic membership tier, with access to more than 10 million reviews, was made free, alongside subscription tiers offering additional functionality. On October 2, 2017, IAC announced that it had agreed to acquire Angie's List for $781.4 million. and it merged Angie's List and HomeAdvisor, renaming the merged company to ANGI Homeservices, retaining Angie's List ticker symbol and stock history. In October 2018, ANGI Homeservices bought Handy for $165.5 million. In March 2021, Angie's List changed its name to Angi, and ANGI Homeservices Inc. changed its name to Angi Inc. Lawsuits In 2014, Angie's List Inc. paid $2.8 million to settle a lawsuit alleging that it automatically renewed members at a higher rate than they were led to believe. In August 2016, Angie's List has agreed to settle three lawsuits for a payment of $1,400,000. The class action lawsuits focused on Angie's List's acceptance of advertising payments from service providers, and whether those payments affect service providers’ letter-grade ratings, reviews, and place in search-result rankings. Angie's List denies plaintiffs’ claims, but disclosed that revenue from service providers can affect the order of search-result rankings of the service provider under certain settings (Moore vs. AngiesList). References External links Companies listed on the Nasdaq Consumer guides Companies based in Denver Online marketplaces of the United States American review websites American companies established in 1995 Internet properties established in 1995 1995 establishments in Ohio 2011 initial public offerings IAC (company)

4041256

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theological%20College%20of%20the%20Holy%20Trinity

Theological College of the Holy Trinity

Holy Trinity University (HTU) (ቅድስት ሥላሴ ዩኒቨርሲቲ) is a theological university located in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. It provides religious and theological instruction to both clergy and lay members of the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church. The institution also aims to serve as a center of theological and ecclesiastical study for all Oriental Orthodox Churches. References Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo church buildings Universities and colleges in Ethiopia Christian schools in Ethiopia Education in Addis Ababa Educational institutions established in 1942 Educational institutions established in 1960 1942 establishments in Ethiopia

4041257

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weaver%20stance

Weaver stance

The Weaver stance is a shooting technique for handguns. It was developed by Los Angeles County Deputy Sheriff Jack Weaver during freestyle pistol competition in Southern California during the late 1950s. Description The Weaver stance has two main components. The first component is a two-handed technique in which the shooting hand holds the handgun while the support hand wraps around the shooting hand. The shooting arm's elbow is slightly bent (almost locked out) while the support elbow is noticeably bent straight down. The shooter pushes forward with his/her shooting hand while the support hand exerts rearward pressure on the firearm. The resultant isometric tension from the support hand is intended to lessen and control muzzle flip when the firearm is fired, allowing for faster follow-up shots. The second component is the positioning of the feet in a boxing stance, with the non-shooting side foot ahead of the shooting side foot. A person shooting right-handed will have the right foot angled out to approximately forty-five degrees to the side and to the rear at shoulder length. Most of the shooter's weight will be on the forward foot, with the forward knee slightly bent and the rear leg nearly straight. The shooter's upper torso should be leaning forward at the hips, aiming the shoulders towards the forward foot. The rear foot will help catch the force of recoil, as well as allow for rapid changes in position. Both of the shooter's knees should be slightly bent and the shooter should be bending forward at the waist as if preparing to be pushed backward. A left-handed shooter would reverse the hands and the footing, respectively. Modern technique The Weaver stance is one of the four components of the modern technique of shooting developed by Jeff Cooper. The others are a large-caliber handgun, flash sight picture, and compressed surprise break. History The Weaver stance was developed in 1959 by pistol shooter and deputy sheriff Jack Weaver, a range officer at the L.A. County Sheriff's Mira Loma pistol range. At the time, Weaver was competing in Jeff Cooper's "Leatherslap" matches: quick draw, man-on-man competition in which two shooters vied to pop twelve 18" wide balloons set up 21 feet away, whichever shooter burst all the balloons first winning the bout. Weaver developed his technique as a way to draw a handgun quickly to eye level and use the weapon's sights to aim more accurately, and immediately began winning against opponents predominantly using unsighted "hip shooting" techniques. The Weaver technique was dubbed the "Weaver Stance" by gun writer and firearms instructor Jeff Cooper. Cooper widely publicized the Weaver stance in several of his books, as well as in articles published in the then-fledgling Guns & Ammo magazine. When Cooper started the American Pistol Institute firearms training school, now the Gunsite Training Center, in 1977, his modern technique of the pistol was built around a somewhat formalized "Classic Weaver Stance". Due to Cooper's influence, the Weaver stance became very popular among firearm professionals and enthusiasts. Notes Although the Weaver Stance was originally designed for pistols, it can be applied to virtually any type of firearm. However, the main principles of the stance must still be applied (support foot rear at shoulder length with support foot at forty-five degrees while support hand supports the weight of the firearm). This technique has many variations including stances with the support hand carrying a flashlight, knife, baton or other item. Although this firearm technique is still popular among shooting enthusiasts and firearm professionals, many current firearm instructors favor the Universal Shooting Stance and/or the Isosceles Stance. References External links The REAL Weaver Shooting Stance via YouTube American Handgunner feature on Jack Weaver American Rifleman examples of the Weaver Stance Firearm techniques

4041266

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Signorelli

Signorelli

Signorelli is a surname. Notable people with the surname include: Franco Signorelli (born 1991), Venezuelan footballer Frank Signorelli (1901–1975), American jazz pianist James Signorelli, American film director and cinematographer Luca Signorelli (c. 1445–1523), Italian Renaissance painter Marcelo Signorelli (born 1963), Italian-Uruguayan basketball player, coach, and author Maria Signorelli (1908-1992), Italian puppet master and collector Paolo Signorelli (politician) (1934-2010), Italian activist and politician Paolo Signorelli (footballer) (1939-2018), Italian footballer Pietro Napoli Signorelli (1731–1815), Italian scholar of classic literature Vincent Signorelli, American punk-rock drummer Italian-language surnames

4041272

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secondary%20air%20injection

Secondary air injection

Secondary air injection (commonly known as air injection) is a vehicle emissions control strategy introduced in 1966, wherein fresh air is injected into the exhaust stream to allow for a fuller secondary combustion of exhaust gases. Development The mechanism by which exhaust emissions are controlled depends on the method of injection and the point at which air enters the exhaust system, and has varied during the course of the development of the technology. The first systems injected air very close to the engine, either in the cylinder head's exhaust ports or in the exhaust manifold. These systems provided oxygen to oxidize (burn) unburned and partially burned fuel in the exhaust before its ejection from the tailpipe. There was significant unburned and partially burned fuel in the exhaust of 1960s and early 1970s vehicles, and so secondary air injection significantly reduced tailpipe emissions. However, the extra heat of recombustion, particularly with an excessively rich exhaust caused by misfiring or a maladjusted carburetor, tended to damage exhaust valves and could even be seen to cause the exhaust manifold to incandesce. As emission control strategies grew more sophisticated and effective, the amount of unburned and partially burned fuel in the exhaust stream shrank, and particularly when the catalytic converter was introduced, the function of secondary air injection shifted. Rather than being a primary emission control device, the secondary air injection system was adapted to support the efficient function of the catalytic converter. The original air injection point became known as the upstream injection point. When the catalytic converter is cold, air injected at the upstream point burns with the deliberately rich exhaust so as to bring the catalyst up to operating temperature quickly. Once the catalyst is warm, air is injected to the downstream location — the catalytic converter itself — to assist with catalysis of unburned hydrocarbons. Methods of implementation Pumped air injection Pumped air injection systems use a vane pump called the air pump, AIR pump, or colloquially "smog pump" turned by the engine via a belt or electric motor. The pump's air intake is filtered by a rotating screen or the vehicle air filter to exclude dirt particles large enough to damage the system. Air is delivered under light pressure to the injection point(s). A check valve prevents exhaust forcing its way back through the air injection system, which would damage the pump and other components. Carbureted engines' exhaust raw fuel content tends to spike when the driver suddenly releases the throttle. To prevent the startling and potentially damaging effects of the explosive combustion of this raw fuel, a diverter valve is used. This valve senses the sharp increase in the intake manifold vacuum resulting from the sudden closure of the throttle, and diverts the air pump's outlet to atmosphere. Usually this diverted air is routed to the engine air cleaner or to a separate silencer to muffle objectionable pump noise. Aspirated air injection Air injection can also be achieved by taking advantage of the negative pressure pulses in the exhaust system at engine idle. A sensitive reed valve assembly called the aspirator valve is placed in the air injection pumping, which draws its air directly from the clean side of the air filter. During engine idle, brief but periodic negative pressure pulses in the exhaust system draw air through the aspirator valve and into the exhaust stream at the catalytic converter. This system, marketed as Pulse Air, was used by American Motors, Chrysler, and other manufacturers beginning in the 1970s. The aspirator provided advantages in cost, weight, packaging, and simplicity compared to the pump. Also, since there is no pump requiring engine power, parasitic losses associated with the pump are eliminated. However, the aspirator functions only at idle and so admits significantly less air within a significantly narrower range of engine speeds compared to a pump. This system is still used on modern motorcycle engines, e.g. the Yamaha AIS (Air Injection System). See also Exhaust gas recirculation External links Jeep Adventures Under the Hood A detailed guide on the CEC system and how to tune it Details with diagrams of the Chevrolet Camaro AIR system www.camaros.org Engine technology

4041281

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swede%20Knox

Swede Knox

Thomas "Swede" Knox (March 2, 1948 – March 22, 2021) was a National Hockey League (NHL) linesman. He officiated over 2,248 NHL games, starting in 1972, and wore a helmet from the mid-1980s until his retirement in 2000. He also officiated five Stanley Cup Finals and one NHL All-Star Game. Early life Knox was born in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. As a youth, he was a longtime member of the equipment staff for the Edmonton Oil Kings, and is credited with staff on the roster for the team's 1963 Memorial Cup championship. His brother, Jim, was a goaltender for the Oil Kings' 1966 Memorial Cup championship. Career Knox started his NHL career based in Toronto, due to league rules regarding on ice officials' proximity to an NHL city. When the Edmonton Oilers joined the NHL for the , Knox and linesman Randy Mitton moved to Edmonton and Calgary, respectively, working as a tandem for games in Western Canada, including games in the Battle of Alberta between the Oilers and the Calgary Flames. Knox once filled in as referee during a game in Toronto in the early 1990s, when Don Koharski could not finish the game. It is unknown what number Knox wore on his stripped officiating jersey when the nameplates were changed back to numbers in . Personal life Knox graduated from Athabasca University in 1999 with a Bachelor of Administration degree. Knox died of cancer March 22, 2021. References External links Flyers History 1948 births 2021 deaths Athabasca University alumni Ice hockey people from Alberta National Hockey League officials Sportspeople from Edmonton

4041287

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grigore%20Vieru

Grigore Vieru

Grigore Vieru (; 14 February 1935, Pererîta, Hotin County, Kingdom of Romania – 18 January 2009, Chișinău, Republic of Moldova) was a Moldavian poet, writer and unionist advocate. Known for his poems and books for children. His poetry is characterized by vivid natural scenery, patriotism, as well as a venerated image of the sacred mother. Vieru wrote in the Romanian language. In 1993 he was elected a correspondent member of the Romanian Academy. Early life He was born in Pererîta village, Hotin County, at the time, part of Romania (today part of Briceni district, Moldova). His parents, Pavel and Eudochia Vieru (née Didic) were farmers. In 1950, he graduated from the 7-grade school of his native village, after which he attended the middle school in Lipcani, which he graduated in 1953. Personal life Vieru was married to Raisa Vieru since 1959; they had two sons, Teodor and Călin Vieru. Creative work His first publishing debut was in 1957, a booklet of poems for children, «Alarma» («Alarm»), appreciated by literary critics.The following year, Vieru graduated from the Ion Creangă Pedagogical State University in Chișinău with a degree in history and philology. He was employed as an editor in the magazine called «Scînteia Leninistă» («The Leninist Spark») designed for children, currently it is called «Noi» («We»), and the newspaper «Tînărul leninist» («The Young Leninist»), currently «Florile Dalbe» («Glowing Flowers»). In 1959, he became editor at the «Nistru» («Dniester») magazine, currently «Basarabia», a publication of the Writers' Union of Moldova. From 1960 to 1963, he served as editor in chief of the «Cartea Moldovenească» («Moldavian book») publishing house. In 1967, Vieru's book «Poetry for Readers of All Ages» (published in 1965) was awarded the Moldavian Prize for Youth Literature. The following year, his book «Your Name» became part of the contemporary literature curriculum in Moldavian universities He wrote another children's story/picture book «Bread and Dew» which features Doru, a 4 or 5-year-old boy who lives in Chișinău with his parents. Many moldavian composers were inspired by the poetry of Grigore Vieru (songbook «Poftim de intrați», «Cine crede» etc.), the poet himself is the author of a lot of melodies («Să crești mare» etc.) and since 1964 he began to collaborate with composer Yulia Tsibulskaya («Soare, soare», «Clopoțeii», «Stea-stea, logostea», «Ramule-neamule», «Cîntînd cu iubire» etc.). He was a frequent guest of the «Poetry House»in Cociulia village, Cantemir District. The famous book for preschoolers «Albinuța» was also written here. 1968 was turning point for the poet's destiny; this year became remarkable by the volume of lyrical «Numele Tău» («Your name»), with an introductory written by Ion Druță. The book was appreciated by literary critics as the most original poetic appearance. In the year of it publishing, it became a subject of the study at the university within the courses designated for the contemporary national literature. Three poems in the volume are entitled: Tudor Arghezi, Lucian Blaga, Brâncuși, and another two are dedicated to Nicolae Labiș and Marin Sorescu. For the first time, in the post war period, such dedications has appeared in the Bessarabian lyrics. Political activity Since 1971, Grigore Vieru has been a member of Komsomol Organisation, the youth division of the Communist Party. In 1973, Grigore Vieru has passed the Prut within a delegation of Soviet writers. He participated in the meeting with the editors of the «20th Century» magazine: Dan Haulică, Ștefan Augustin Doinaș, Ioanichie Olteanu, Geo Șerban, Tatiana Nicolescu. At his request, he has visited monasteries of Putna, Voroneț, Sucevița, Dragomirna, Văratec. He returned to Chișinău with a bag of books. Later the poet makes the following confession: In 1974 and 1977, invited by the president of the Romanian Writers' Union, Vieru visited Bucharest, Constanța, Iași, and cities in Transylvania. In 1978, the «Junimea» publishing house printed «The Friday Star», Vieru's first work published in Romania. In 1989 he was elected member of Moldova's Parliament and campaigned for the unification of Romania and Moldova. The following year he was elected Honorary Member of the Romanian Academy. In 1992, the Romanian Academy recommended Vieru for the Nobel Peace Prize. In 1995, he became a member of the Board of the Romanian Radio Broadcasting Company, and in 1996 he won several Romanian literary awards. In 2000, Vieru was awarded the «Eminescu» Medal by the Romanian government. Involvement in the Bessarabia National Liberation Movement At the end of the 80s, Grigore Vieru is in the first line of the National Liberation Movement in Bessarabia, his texts (including the songs laid on his lyrics) playing a big role in awakening of the national consciousness of Romanians in Bessarabia. Vieru is one of the founders of the People's Front of Moldova and is among the organizers and leaders of the Great National Assembly of August 27, 1989. He actively participates in the debates of the 13th session of the Supreme Soviet of the SSR, in which the Romanian language is voted as the official language and the transition to Latin spelling. Death On January 16, 2009 Vieru suffered a serious traffic accident and was admitted to the Emergency Hospital in Chișinău. Grigore Vieru was in critical condition with polytrauma, closed cranio-cerebral trauma, cerebral contusion, and closed chest trauma, contusion of the heart and lungs and contusion of the abdominal organs, with minimal chances of survival. The road accident took place on the night of January 15 to 16, at 1:30 am on the R-3 route Chișinău – Hâncești – Cimișlia – Basarabeasca. At the driver’s seat was Gheorghe Munteanu, emeritus artist of the Republic of Moldova and deputy director of the "Joc" folk dance troop of Chișinău, who being in an easier state. At the time, he was out with friends celebrating the birthday of Mihai Eminescu, a 19th-century Romanian poet. Vieru died on January 18, 2009, in the Emergency Hospital in Chișinău two days after the accident, following a cardiac failure from which he could not be resuscitated. Grigore Vieru was buried on January 20, 2009 in Chișinău, at the Central Cemetery on Armeana street. The funeral was attended by tens of thousands of people, the divisions of Grigore Vieru, as professor Dan Dungaciu called them in his article. Chișinău had not known such funerals since the burial of the spouses Doina and Ion Aldea Teodorovici. The day of January 20, 2009 was declared a day of mourning in the Republic of Moldova, at 10:00 the whole republic having a moment of silence. Vieru's funeral was also broadcast live by Teleradio Moldova. Legacy Several schools in the Republic of Moldova, a boulevard in Chișinău and a street in Iași are called in honour of Grigore Vieru. On February 11, 2010, three days before his birthday, the poet's bust was installed in the Alley of Classics. A street in Buzău is called in honour of Grigore Vieru: Grigore Vieru Street. Awards In 1996 he won several Romanian literary awards, and in the same year on August 23rd, he won Order of the Republic (Moldova). The Romanian president Traian Băsescu has posthumously awarded Grigore Vieru with the Order of the Star of Romania, Grand Cross. Moments in Vieru's life In the volume of lyrics designed for children "Trei iezi" (Three baby goats) published in 1970, there was also the poem called "Curcubeul" (The Rainbow), in which Vieru, used the metaphor of the rainbow with three colours, praised the flag of all Romanians. In short period of time after the book publishing, the Soviet censorship withdrew the book from the bookstores, and the author was accused of diversion. Also in 1970, has appeared The Abecedarul book developed by Vieru in collaboration with the writer Spiridon Vangheli. Even nowadays, this textbook, which was edited many times over time, still teaches the first class little Bessarabians. In 1989, Vieru and Vangheli also made the Latin alphabet version of The Abecedarul. Vieru wrote, among many others, the lyrics for the soundtrack of the cartoon film Maria, Mirabela, and the Vieru’s poem "Dragă Otee" (Dear Otee) has been sung by Iurie Sadovnic. Later, the song was taken over by Zdob și Zdub. In 1988, in the newspaper Literatura şi Arta (Literature and Art) in Chișinău, the first Latin-written text from post-war Bessarabia has appeared. The author was Grigore Vieru. In June 1989, Vieru has got the approval of the Soviet authorities to publish the weekly Literatura si Arta in Latin writing, the editors of the newspaper mentioned that in all Soviet Moldova there were no typewriter of Latin letters, except the one from the Academy of Sciences of the MSSR and of professor Iulius Popa from Bălți. Under these conditions, Grigore Vieru and the editor-in-chief of Literatura și Arta, Nicolae Dabija, went to Bucharest to get the typewriter for the newspaper. The Romanian authorities were delaying the answer, and the antiquarian shop from which they could buy such a device was closed these days because of some technical issues. However, Vieru and Dabija were helped by the priest Vasile Țepordei, who brought to the station a bag containing the 31 metallic signs of the Latin alphabet, cut by him from his own typewriter. In Chișinău, the Latin signs are welded to a typewriter instead of the Cyrillic ones, so Literatura și Arta magazine became the first newspaper of Bessarabia to start systematically coming out in Latin spelling. In 1994, the neo-communists of the Democratic Agrarian Party, who came to power in Moldova, gave up to the state hymn Deșteaptă-te, române! (Awaken thee, Romanian!) and proposed to the poet Grigore Vieru and the composer Eugen Doga to compose the lyrics and music for a new hymn. They both refused. Grigore Vieru wrote in the Literatura și Arta magazine the following: Works 1957 – "Alarma" (Alarm) (lyrics for children); 1958 – "Muzicuțe" (Musical notes) (lyrics for children); 1961 – "Făt-Frumos curcubeul și Bună ziua, fulgilor!" (Făt-Frumos the rainbow and Good morning, the flakes!) by the "Cartea Moldovenească" publishing house; 1963 – "Mulțumim pentru pace" (Thanks for peace) (lyrics) and "Făgurași" (lyrics, stories and songs); 1964 - The magazine "Nistru" published the poem "Legământ" (The Covenan), dedicated to poet Mihai Eminescu; 1965 – "Versuri pentru cititorii de toate vârstele" (The lyrics for readers of all ages), with an introductory word written by Ion Druță and for this lyrics the poet was awarded The Comsomol Republican Prize in the field of children's and youth literature (1967); 1967 – "Poezii de seama voastră" (Poems of your age) ("Lumina" publishing house); 1968 – "Bărbații Moldovei" (Moldova’s Men), designed to the "nationalist" Nicolae Testimițeanu ("Nistru" magazine). The whole circulation was stopped, and the dedication taken away; 1969 – "Duminica cuvintelor" (The Words of Sunday) by "Lumina" publishing house with illustrations by Igor Vieru, a book much loved by pre-schoolers, which is present in every kindergarten; 1970 - "Abecedarul" ("Lumina" publishing house) - in collaboration with Spiridon Vangheli and painter Igor Vieru; 1972 – "Trei iezi" (Three baby goats); 1974 – "Aproape" (Nearby) (lyrics, with color illustrations by Isai Cârmu); 1975 – "Mama" (The Mother) ("Lumina" publishing house - book for the little ones, illustrated by Igor Vieru); 1976 – "Un verde ne vede!"(A green one sees us!) ("Lumina" publishing house – for this volume of lyrics the poem is awarded the State Prize of the Republic of Moldova (1978); 1989 – "Metafore Albastre" - Сини метафори (The Blue metaphors) - ("Narodna cultura" publishing house, Sofia - in the collection Globus poetic, translation into Bulgarian by Ognean Stamboliev; 2010 – "Mi-e dor de piatră" - Жал ми е за камъка (I miss the stone) – publishing house Avangardprint, Bulgaria - translation into Bulgarian and preface by Ognean Stamboliev - 100 poems. It is present in: Streiflicht – Eine Auswahl zeitgenössischer rumänischer Lyrik (81 rumänische Autoren), - "Lumina piezișă" (Pie light'') the bilingual anthology consisted of 81 Romanian writers, translated by Christian W. Schenk, Dionysos Verlag 1994, Music on lyrics by Vieru Maria Mirabela Dragă Otee Pentru Ea Răsai Eminescu La mănăstirea Căpriana (Clopotul Învierii) Lăsați-ne în legea noastră Două lacrimi gemene (Chișinău și București) O serenadă Melancolie Ultima oră Reaprindeți candela Mi-e dor de tine, mamă Codrul e frumos cu floare Gallery See also Unification of Romania and Moldova References External links Grigore Vieru – virtual monument A biography of Grigore Vieru Valerian Ciobanu-Vieru: Pe cer a mai urcat o stea, poezie.ro La moartea lui Grigore Vieru GRIGORE VIERU - Evocare de NICOLAE DABIJA 1935 births 2009 deaths People from Briceni District Moldovan poets Male poets 20th-century Romanian poets Romanian male poets Grand Crosses of the Order of the Star of Romania Road incident deaths in Moldova Corresponding members of the Romanian Academy Recipients of the Order of the Republic (Moldova) 20th-century Romanian male writers Moldovan male writers

4041297

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aortic%20arches

Aortic arches

The aortic arches or pharyngeal arch arteries (previously referred to as branchial arches in human embryos) are a series of six paired embryological vascular structures which give rise to the great arteries of the neck and head. They are ventral to the dorsal aorta and arise from the aortic sac. The aortic arches are formed sequentially within the pharyngeal arches and initially appear symmetrical on both sides of the embryo, but then undergo a significant remodelling to form the final asymmetrical structure of the great arteries. Structure Arches 1 and 2 The first and second arches disappear early. A remnant of the 1st arch forms part of the maxillary artery, a branch of the external carotid artery. The ventral end of the second develops into the ascending pharyngeal artery, and its dorsal end gives origin to the stapedial artery, a vessel which typically atrophies in humans but persists in some mammals. The stapedial artery passes through the ring of the stapes and divides into supraorbital, infraorbital, and mandibula branches which follow the three divisions of the trigeminal nerve. The infraorbital and mandibular branches arise from a common stem, the terminal part of which anastomoses with the external carotid artery. On the obliteration of the stapedial artery, this anastomosis enlarges and forms the internal maxillary artery; branches formerly of the stapedial artery are subsequently considered branches of the internal maxillary artery. The common stem of the infraorbital and mandibular branches passes between the two roots of the auriculotemporal nerve and becomes the middle meningeal artery; the original supraorbital branch of the stapedial is represented by the orbital twigs of the middle meningeal. Note that the external carotid buds from the horns of the aortic sac left behind by the regression of the first two arches. Arch 3 The third aortic arch constitutes the commencement of the internal carotid artery, and is therefore named the carotid arch. It contributes to the common carotid artery and the proximal portion of the internal carotid artery. Arch 4 Also known as the systemic arch. The fourth right arch forms the most proximal segment of the right subclavian artery, as far as the origin of its internal thoracic branch. The fourth left arch forms a part of the arch of the aorta, between the origin of the left common carotid and the left subclavian arteries. Arch 5 The fifth arch either never forms or forms incompletely and then regresses. Arch 6 The proximal part of the sixth right arch persists as the proximal part of the right pulmonary artery while the distal section degenerates; The sixth left arch gives off the left pulmonary artery and forms the ductus arteriosus; this duct remains pervious during the whole of fetal life, but then closes within the first few days after birth due to increased O2 concentration. Oxygen concentration causes the production of bradykinin which causes the ductus to constrict occluding all flow. Within 1–3 months, the ductus is obliterated and becomes the ligamentum arteriosum. The ductus arteriosus connects at a junction point that has a low pressure zone (commonly called Bernoulli's principle) created by the inferior curvature (inner radius) of the artery. This low pressure region allows the artery to receive (siphon) the blood flow from the pulmonary artery which is under a higher pressure. However, it is extremely likely that the major force driving flow in this artery is the markedly different arterial pressures in the pulmonary and systemic circulations due to the different arteriolar resistances. His showed that in the early embryo the right and left arches each gives a branch to the lungs, but that later both pulmonary arteries take origin from the left arch. Clinical significance Most defects of the great arteries arise as a result of persistence of aortic arches that normally should regress or regression of arches that normally shouldn't. Aberrant subclavian artery; with regression of the right aortic arch 4 and the right dorsal aorta, the right subclavian artery has an abnormal origin on the left side, just below the left subclavian artery. To supply blood to the right arm, this forces the right subclavian artery to cross the midline behind the trachea and esophagus, which may constrict these organs, although usually with no clinical symptoms. A double aortic arch; occurs with the development of an abnormal right aortic arch in addition to the left aortic arch, forming a vascular ring around the trachea and esophagus, which usually causes difficulty breathing and swallowing. Occasionally, the entire right dorsal aorta abnormally persists and the left dorsal aorta regresses in which case the right aorta will have to arch across from the esophagus causing difficulty breathing or swallowing. Right-sided aortic arch Patent ductus arteriosus Coarctation of the aorta Additional images See also Pharyngeal arches References External links Diagram at University of Michigan Embryology of cardiovascular system Pharyngeal arches

4041311

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WJZE

WJZE

WJZE (Hot 97-3) is a Mainstream Urban radio station serving the Toledo area in Ohio, United States. The Urban Radio Broadcasting outlet broadcasts at 97.3 MHz with an ERP of 4,300 Watts and is licensed to Oak Harbor, Ohio. The station's studios are located in downtown Toledo, and its transmitter is located west of Woodville, Ohio. History Jazzy 97 The Station was originally assigned the call letters WUIA but they were never used. 97.3 FM signed on September 18, 1993 with a Smooth Jazz format known as Jazzy 97, the call letters WJZE matched the station's name. The station was owned by Oak Harbor Community Broadcasting, Inc. The company's name would later change to RASP Broadcasting Enterprises, Inc. Studios and offices were located at 1600 Woodville Road in nearby Millbury. Classic Rock 97.3 WJZE WJZE dropped its smooth jazz format for classic rock in mid-1996. A few months prior to the change, 94.5 WXKR had dropped its popular classic rock format for Adult Alternative, leaving Toledo without a full-time classic rock station. The station became simply known as "Classic Rock 97.3 WJZE, the station that brought classic rock back to Toledo". WJZE did moderately well despite its spotty signal on the west side of town. However, on February 2, 1998, 94.5 WXKR changed its format back to classic rock. It soon became apparent, that with WXKR's 30,000–watt signal, WJZE could not compete with only 3,000 watts of power. Buzz 106.5 and 97.3 In the summer of 1998, WJZE dumped its Classic rock format for a full-time simulcast of WBUZ, going by the name "Buzz 106.5 and 97.3". WBUZ (now WTOD) was sold to Cumulus Broadcasting in early 1999. 106.5 rebranded itself as "Pure Rock 106", the only time 97.3 was mentioned was in the top of the hour ID. The simulcast on WJZE continued until the agreement between WJZE and Cumulus ended. 97.3 The Fox On August 1, 2000, Clear Channel Broadcasting (now iHeartRadio) entered into a local marketing Agreement (LMA) with WJZE's owner RASP Broadcasting. The station became 97.3 The Fox, with a classic hits format. The station ran without DJs most of the day. Hot 97.3 In early 2005, RASP Broadcasting sold WJZE to Urban Radio Broadcasting. On March 15, the classic hits format was dropped in favor of an Urban format as "Hot 97.3". External links New HOT 97.3 Homepage JZE Mainstream urban radio stations in the United States Urban Radio Broadcasting radio stations

4041315

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moosylvania

Moosylvania

Moosylvania is a fictional island located in the Lake of the Woods along the Canada–United States border that served as a plot device in The Rocky and Bullwinkle Show. The island has no permanent population, and conditions are said to be harsh and unpleasant. The island is in a state of terra nullius, since neither Canada nor the United States wants to claim the land and each country says it belongs to the other. (See Bir Tawil for a similar real-life example of this.) Bullwinkle J. Moose serves as Moosylvania's presumed namesake and its governor but only stays two weeks at a time, since (according to Bullwinkle) "after two weeks here, anyplace else in the world feels like Heaven!" In the series finale "Moosylvania Saved," Fearless Leader, the head of state of the Eastern European state of Pottsylvania, attempts to destroy Moosylvania. The plot is foiled when Bullwinkle, who was going to go down with his sinking country, asked Rocky for a stick of gum, which inspired Rocky the Flying Squirrel to raise up Moosylvania with bubble gum balloons. The plan worked and Moosylvania was saved, giving the series a happy ending. In the fall of 1962, Jay Ward, producer of the Rocky and Bullwinkle show, decided to campaign for statehood for Moosylvania. Ward sent Skip Craig to Minnesota to buy an island in Lake of the Woods. Craig wasn't able to find one for sale on the U.S. side of the lake (most of the islands in that lake belong to Canada), but managed to lease one for three years. Ward and publicist Howard Brandy conducted a cross-country tour in a decorated van, gathering signatures on a petition for statehood for Moosylvania. While in Washington, D.C., they sought an audience with President John F. Kennedy. However, they arrived at the White House on the very day the Cuban Missile Crisis broke, and were ordered to leave. A national anthem for Moosylvania was included on the mini-album A Salute to Moosylvania!! Recorded Live at the Moosylvania Jazz Festival, self-released by Jay Ward in 1962. References Fictional locations in North America Fictional islands The Adventures of Rocky and Bullwinkle and Friends Micronations in the United States Lake of the Woods

4041325

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clan%20Tweedie

Clan Tweedie

Tweedie or Tweedy is a Scottish clan name. The Clan Tweedie does not currently have a chief recognized by the Lord Lyon King of Arms and is therefore considered an Armigerous clan. However the surname is also considered a sept of the Clan Fraser. The name is derived from the lands of Tweedie which were along the Valley of the River Tweed in Peebleshire in the Scottish Borders. History Mythical origins of the clan Scottish tradition ascribes the origin of the Tweedie name to be that of a water sprite in the River Tweed. Legend tells of a husband who went off to fight in the crusades and while he was away his young wife became pregnant and so he returned home to find he had a son. His wife then told him that she had gone down to the banks of the River Tweed and had been accosted by a fairy of the river and become pregnant by him. Her husband, for whatever reason, chose to believe this story but on the condition that the son kept the surname of Tweedie. However the family name was certainly derived from the lands of Tweedie whether the story about the water fairy or spirit is true or not. Early history The Tweedies have a history of being a powerful and domineering family, whose principal seat was Drumelzier in Tweeddale. The first recorded Tweedie is John de Tueda as he describes himself in the reign of Alexander II (1214–1249), who afterwards had a Charter from Alexander III (1249–1286), granted him under the name of John de Tuedy. He was the owner of lands on the River Tweed from which the family took their name, and even then the family connections and possessions were widespread and powerful Finlay de Twydyn appears in the Ragman Rolls of 1296 swearing fealty to King Edward I of England, and his son Roger of Twydyn, received a charter to the house and lands of Drumelzier around 1320. The family held these lands for over 300 years. Chambers in his History of Peebleshire described the Tweedies as being a savage race and another commentator of the eighteenth century described them as being a powerful and domineering family. Tweedie of Drummelzier The main centre of the Tweedie family until the 17th century was at Drummelzier, with other branches living at Wrae, Stobo, Dreva, Fruid and other forts and peel towers along the valley. The early history is one of lawlessness, typical of the Scottish borders at that time, with deadly feuds with neighbouring families, particularly the Veitch's. The Tweedies would charge tolls on travellers passing through their territory, be accused or the victims of cattle rustling, and become embroiled in affrays, often fatal, in the streets of Edinburgh. A major incident occurred in 1524 when a large group of Tweedies were involved in the slaughter of Lord Fleming (chief of Clan Fleming) and the abduction of his son Malcolm Fleming, 3rd Lord Fleming – the dispute concerning the latter's intention to marry Catherine Fraser who in fact ended up marrying James Tweedie of Drummelzier. In 1592 another James Tweedie of Drumelzier was accused of the murder of Geddes of Glenhegdon in Edinburgh. The complaint against him states that it was not known how many slaughters had been committed by James Tweedie of Drumelzier and his friends. The ancient quarrel with the Veitches still broke out at times, and in 1611 attracted the notice of King James, one of whose last acts before leaving for England was to visit the district of Upper Tweedale with a view to staunching this bloody feud. However a year later it is said James Tweedie lay dead after a duel with Veitch of Dawick. The fortunes of the Drummelzier family declined, and in 1633 the last Tweedie of Drummelzier was forced to sell the Barony of Drummelzier to Lord Hay of Yester. Tweedie of Oliver The Tweedies of Oliver Castle descend from a younger son of Drumelzier and they obtained their lands in the parish of Tweedsmuir from the preceptor of Torphichen in the 14th century. In 1524 Thomas Tweedie of Oliver Castle was implicated in the murder of Lord Fleming (chief of Clan Fleming) which erupted into a bloody feud between the two families. Thomas was exiled from Scotland for three years in 1521. His son William is said to have been implicated in the conspiracy to murder Rizzio, the favourite of Mary, Queen of Scots. He and Adam Tweedie were among the body of armed men who, headed by Darnley, Morton, Ruthven, and others, on the night of 9 March 1566, rushed into the Palace at Holyrood and in the Queen's presence assassinated David Rizzio, her foreign Secretary and favourite musician. Along with the other conspirators, they were summoned on 19 March following to appear personally before the King and Queen and the Lords of the Secret Council to answer for the crime. Subsequently, the Tweedies of Oliver adopted a more settled existence as comparatively prosperous landowners. In 1745 the Laird of that time, Thomas Tweedie, and other members of the family were careful to avoid any involvement in the Jacobite rising when Highland clans crossed the valley. However Tweedies attestation to the considerate and respectful behaviour Captain John Burnet of Colonel Grant's Highland Regiment on that occasion may have contributed to the latter's subsequent pardon. Later descent from Oliver This Thomas Tweedie married Mary Stevenson daughter of Alexander Stevenson of Venlaw Castle Their eldest son James inherited Oliver, but the line died out with Lawrence Tweedie (died 1837) who bequeathed Oliver to his nephew George Stodart provided he took the surname Tweedie and quartered the arms. The resulting Tweedie-Stodart descent has also since died out. Thomas Tweedie's second son, another Thomas who lived at Kingledoors, is the antecedent of most of the Tweedies of Oliver descent through his son Alexander. Of Alexander's three sons, Thomas Stevenson Tweedie (1784–1855) became a surgeon in the East India Company. He had a family through an Anglo-Indian wife which he later disowned, and another family in Scotland. He added largely to the Quarter estate by purchasing many ancient possessions of the family, Kingledoors, Glenrath and Wrae, and also Rachan. His brother Maurice Tweedie (1787–1867) was a major general in the Indian Army who was Resident at Tanjore, served through the Coorg Campaign and other fighting, and commanded troops at Penang, Singapore, and Malacca. The third brother Michael Tweedie (1791–1874) also a soldier served in the Royal Artillery during the Peninsular War (1808–14). He married Frances Forbes and moved the Kent, establishing the Rawlinson Rolvenden line. Michael Tweedie's son, another Michael Tweedie (1836–1917), was a major-general in the 1850s, throughout the Crimean War and during the Indian Mutiny. His son Admiral Sir Hugh Tweedie (1877–1951) had a distinguished naval career in the Royal Navy – he was aide-de-camp to King George V in 1925 and retired as an admiral in 1936, but was recalled at the outbreak of World War II. He was created a Knight of the Bath, in addition to holding the French Legion of Honour and the Japanese Order of the Rising Sun. Michael Forbes Tweedie, grandson of the first Michael Tweedie, is noted as the author of the Tweedie family history in 1902. Another descendant of the first Michael Tweedie was the naturalist Michael Tweedie, director of the Raffles Museum in Singapore. Another Tweedie line, which is closely connected to Oliver, stems from Alexander Tweedie (died 1740) of Nether Minzion via his son James. James’ son Alexander Tweedie (1759–1811) moved to Dreva, and his son James Tweedie of Coates gave rise to families in Scotland and Chicago. A second son Thomas Tweedie (1760–1848) moved to Patavan and also had widely dispersed descendants. Several others with the name Tweedie, identified in Peebles, surrounding areas of Peebleshire and Edinburgh up to the 19th century are most likely offshoots of the Tweed valley family. Tweedy of Essex, The Hoo, Kempston, and Widmore Lodge The branch descends from a George Twedye, born c. 1430, who was recorded in the Herald's Visitation of Essex 1558 and 1612 as coming "owt of Scotland frome a howse called Dromelzane". His arms were noted as Quarterly 1st & 4th Argent a saltire engrailed Gules a Chief Azure (for Twedye); 2nd & 3rd Azure a Cross pattee ermine between 3 Cinquefoils Or, (for Fraser) – a heraldic reference to the Tweedie connection with the Frasers. George's exact relationship to the Tweedies of Drummelzier has not been established. His great grandson, William Twedy, died in 1605 and is buried at Little Sampford, Essex. His memorial describes him as a distinguished military commander first under Queen Elizabeth of glorious memory in suppressing the tumults of the north of England, next under the invincible hero the Lord Baron de Willoughby in France, and lastly under the auspices of the illustrious Earl of Leicester, in the Netherlands, and was Warden of the military works at Bergen-op-Zoom. The family remained in Essex until the 16th century, when it moved to Yorkshire before returning to the South of England in the 18th century. The family was centred on Bromley, Kent. Colonel George Tweedy HEIC lived at Bromley House, John Newman Tweedy lived at Widmore House and his son, Arthur Hearne Tweedy, at Widmore Lodge. The family's connection with Bromley is commemorated by the naming of Tweedy Road in the centre of the town. Arthur Hearne Tweedy died in 1925 unmarried, and the family is now represented by Captain Christopher John Tweedy, late of the Black Watch. Other branches In addition to the Tweedie families listed above, Michael Forbes Tweedie recorded the following pedigrees in his book The History of the Tweedie or Tweedy Family: The Descendants Of The Rev. William King Tweedie, D.D. Tweedy Of Cornwall. Tweedie Of New Brunswick. Tweedy Of Cloonamahon. Tweedie In Quothquan, co.Sligo, Ireland. Alexander Leslie Tweedie. Tweedie in Dreva and Minzon, and of Coats Alexander Gladstone Tweedie. Tweedie From Lindores. Andrew Tweedie in Edinburgh Tweedie in Broughton Mains See also Tweedie Tweedy Tartan Tartan: There is no registered tartan for this clan, but the Fraser tartan may be worn. As at 2007 seven other Tweedie/Tweedy Coats of Arms have been registered at the Lyon Court, Edinburgh References External links Michael Forbes Tweedie The History of the Tweedie or Tweedy Family (1902) Web Archive Tweedie & Tweedy Genealogy Tweedie and Tweedy Coats of Arms (20 variants) Scottish clans Armigerous clans

4041326

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jimmy%20Nievez

Jimmy Nievez

Jimmy Nievez, born in 1969, is a disc jockey of New York City, Boston, and San Juan, Puerto Rico. And Program Director from San Juan, Puerto Rico. His most recent accomplishments were as Program Director of two of Uno Radio Group's most important radio stations, Fidelity and SalSoul. At Fidelity, an adult contemporary station, Nievez was able to bring the station the luster it had lost. This earned him the respect of his superiors and the chance to Program their most difficult and important station, SalSoul. His career started in the mid-1980s. After several years of disc jockeying in numerous radio stations, Nieves became one of the original disc jockeys of Cosmos 94 FM, Tu Emisora Radioactiva. The first radio station targeting Underground Rap followers, known today as the music phenomenon reggaeton. Cosmos was also the first radio chain in Puerto Rico, covering the entire island. In 1998, Jimmy was offered the opportunity to be part of a new radio station in New York, Caliente 105.9. Nieves was co-host of "La Jungla De New York" (The New York Jungle), alongside Danny Cruz. An afternoon drive talk show, which soon became the stations' biggest hit. At Caliente, he was also in charge of creating the station's identity. In New York City, television became an integral part of his resume, as he co-hosted a variety and entertainment show called "Sabado Al Mediodia" (Saturday at Midday), which became the top rated local Spanish television program on Univision's New York affiliate, WXTV-41. Nievez was given the opportunity to host Jimmy y Boquita En La Manana on WEMG in Boston, with Dominican comedian Rosemery Almonte. Boquita achieving the highest ratings in the station's history. Following his success in Boston, came yet another chance at hosting a morning talk show in the Big Apple and his third DJ gig in a brand new project. At Rumba 107.1 FM, Nieves hosted "Wassup NY", while still working with "Boquita". He returned to Puerto Rico to work again with Danny Cruz, in La Perrera (The Dog House). An afternoon drive talk show on Puerto Rico's top-rated radio network, Cadena Salsoul. Nieves was then called, for a third time, to host a show in NYC once again. Alongside Dominican entertainer Frederick Martinez, "El Pacha", El Jangueo (Hanging) at WCAA, became the biggest hit at New York's only reggaeton station. Today He leaves the stages and the lights to become one of the most important executives in the radio of Puerto Rico. He is the director of Uno Radio Group. Appearances, interviews, and awards He has been interviewed on television shows such as "Despierta America" (Univision) and "Escandalo TV" (Telefutura), and has also appeared in mayor local Latino events such as the Puerto Rican Day Parade (Timeline of New York City events) and Dominican Day Parade. He has himself interviewed many major Latino celebrities and personalities including Ricky Martin, Juanes, Celia Cruz, Rubén Blades, Alejandro Fernández, Shakira, and Daddy Yankee. Early years He was born in New York City (Spanish Harlem, also known as East Harlem or El Barrio) to Puerto Rican parents. At the age of ten Jimmy's family moved to Puerto Rico where he grew up and lived most of his youth years. At age 14, he started working at different radio stations in the southern coast of Puerto Rico, soon he was doing everything from production, to board operator, and DJing. He even gained experience as a Program Director of WENA, in Yauco, Puerto Rico. It was this experience at WENA which later became evident in his success at Uno Radio Group. He got the opportunity to host his first morning show on WRIO FM in Ponce City. From there on, Jimmy garnered enough experience to take him to the radio big leagues in NYC. External links Jimmy Nieves La Kalle 105.9 FM Arbitron Bajo Fuego See also El Jangueo List of Puerto Ricans American radio personalities Living people 1969 births People from East Harlem People from San Juan, Puerto Rico

4041327

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS%20Courtney

USS Courtney

USS Courtney has been the name of more than one United States Navy ship, and may refer to: , a patrol vessel, originally named William J. Courtney, in commission from 1917 to 1919 , a destroyer escort in commission from 1956 to 1973 See also , a patrol boat in commission from 1917 to 1918 United States Navy ship names

4041335

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acer%20ginnala

Acer ginnala

Acer ginnala, the Amur maple, is a plant species with woody stems native to northeastern Asia from easternmost Mongolia east to Korea and Japan, and north to the Russian Far East in the Amur River valley. It is a small maple with deciduous leaves that is sometimes grown as a garden subject or boulevard tree. Description Acer ginnala is a deciduous spreading shrub or small tree growing to tall, with a short trunk up to diameter and slender branches. The bark is thin, dull gray-brown, and smooth at first but becoming shallowly fissured on old plants. The leaves are opposite and simple, long and wide, deeply palmately lobed with three or five lobes, of which two small basal lobes (sometimes absent) and three larger apical lobes; the lobes are coarsely and irregularly toothed, and the upper leaf surface glossy. The leaves turn brilliant orange to red in autumn, and are on slender, often pink-tinged, petioles long. The flowers are yellow-green, diameter, produced in spreading panicles in spring as the leaves open. The fruit is a paired reddish samara, long with a wing, maturing in late summer to early autumn. Taxonomy Amur maple is closely related to Acer tataricum (Tatar maple), and some botanists treat it as a subspecies A. tataricum subsp. ginnala (Maxim.) Wesm. The glossy, deeply lobed leaves of A. ginnala distinguish it from A. tataricum, which has matte, unlobed or only shallowly lobed leaves. Cultivation and uses Acer ginnala is grown as an ornamental plant in northern regions of Europe and North America. It is the most cold-tolerant maple, hardy to zone 2. It is naturalised in parts of North America. Planted on exceptional sites facing south west with consistent moisture and light loamy soils, this tree can grow 3 to 4 feet per year making it a fast grower. It is often planted as a shrub along borders. In the UK it has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit. It is also valued in Japan and elsewhere as a species suitable for bonsai. It is a nonnative invasive species in parts of northern America. Cultivars Due to its vigor and fall colors of yellows and bright reds, the size being a small tree of 6 metres (20 feet) wide by 6 m tall on average, it suits many for smaller landscapes and for planting under power lines. Cultivars have emerged for those wanting these attributes. Flame (Fiery red autumn foliage, very strong vigor) References External links Winter ID pictures ginnala Flora of Mongolia Flora of China Flora of the Russian Far East Flora of Eastern Asia Plants used in bonsai Garden plants of Asia Trees of Korea

4041339

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monsoon%20%28Caroline%27s%20Spine%20album%29

Monsoon (Caroline's Spine album)

Monsoon is the fifth studio album and first major label album by American alternative rock band Caroline's Spine. It featured almost entirely songs that can be found on their previous independent releases but were re-recorded or remastered for this album. The single "Sullivan" climbed to #23 on Billboard’s Mainstream Rock chart, as well as #14 on R&R’s Active Rock Chart. The success of this album also earned them a gig playing on board the United States Navy aircraft carrier USS Enterprise. Track listing All songs written by Jimmy Newquist. "King For a Day" – 3:17 "You & Me" – 4:22 "Sullivan" – 4:05 "Wallflower" – 4:56 "Monsoon" – 4:34 "Unglued" – 2:38 "Trio' Pain" – 2:50 "Psycho" – 3:19 "Necro" – 3:07 "So Good Afternoon" – 5:32 "Say it to You" – 3:22 "Sweet N' Sour" – 3:08 "Hippie Boy" – 4:30 Personnel Jimmy Newquist - vocals, guitar, bass, discipline Mark Haugh - guitar, vocals, the way Jason Gilardi - drums and protection Scott Jones - bass, vocals, snacker Additional personnel Edgar "Chodie" Knoll - sound Technical Information from album liner. Produced by Jimmy Newquist and Caroline's Spine Executive producer and A&R direction: Mitchell Leib All words and music by Jimmy Newquist (BMI) Recorded by Dan Calderone Assistant Joe Statt Recorded at ANZA Digital - San Diego, California Mixed by Nick DiDia Assistant Caram Costanzo Mixed at Southern Tracks Studios - Atlanta, GA Mastered by Stephen Marcussen at Precision Mastering Managerial and design The law - David Rudich Esq. Business manager - Shapiro and Company Management - Doc McGhee and Sandy Rizzo for McGhee Entertainment Creative director - Dave Snow Art direction and design - Jennifer Tough Photography - Matthew Welch Cover photograph - Renard Garr Styling - Keki Mingus Hair and grooming - Natalie McGowan Spencer Calligraphy - Nancy Ogami References 1997 albums Caroline's Spine albums Hollywood Records albums

4041345

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Are%20We%20Done%20Yet%3F

Are We Done Yet?

Are We Done Yet? is a 2007 American family comedy film directed by Steve Carr and starring Ice Cube. The film is a remake of the 1948 Cary Grant comedy film Mr. Blandings Builds His Dream House, previously remade as the 1986 Tom Hanks comedy film The Money Pit, and a sequel to the 2005 film Are We There Yet? The screenplay is by Hank Nelken. It was produced by Revolution Studios and RKO Pictures and distributed by Columbia Pictures. The film was shot on location in Tsawwassen, British Columbia, Canada, but is set in Newberg, Oregon, United States. Plot Two years after the events of the first film, Nick Persons has married Suzanne and moved her children, Kevin and Lindsey into his apartment, as well as purchasing a 2007 Cadillac Escalade after he accidentally burnt up his Lincoln Navigator SUV. He has also sold his sports memorabilia store to his friend, Marty. The family has also bought a Berger Picard pet dog and named it Coco. Kevin and Lindsey have both matured since the previous events. While getting ready for an interview with Magic Johnson to launch a sports magazine, Suzanne tells Nick that she is pregnant and they later find out that they will be having twins. Needing more space, Suzanne and Nick go check out a house in the suburbs. They meet Chuck Mitchell Jr., a local real estate agent/contractor, and after some talking, Nick decides to buy the house. The family then packs up their things and moves into the house, with Lindsey and Kevin (mostly the former) being against the move. However, as it turns out, Nick failed to get the house inspected first, and they soon find a mold infestation. While trying to resolve the mold issue, Chuck discovers even more problems with the house, and Nick becomes angry with him as he almost destroys it trying to fix them all. Meanwhile, Lindsey sneaks out to go to a party with Chuck’s teenage employees, and when Nick finds out, he grounds her. Nick finally decides to fire Chuck, which causes all those working on the house to quit out of loyalty to Chuck, and Suzanne to take the kids and move into the guest house. After taking some time to think, Nick decides to fix the house on his own and also to apologize to Chuck, especially when he was told that his wife, a famous country singer, died a few years ago. Chuck responds by bringing his friends back to help. When Suzanne goes into labor, with the hospital half-an-hour away, Nick, Kevin, and Lindsey have to deliver the babies. Chuck tries to get there, but his truck breaks down and he is forced to power walk down to the house. While she's still in labor, Nick gets a call from Magic Johnson. After Suzanne gives birth to identical twin boys, the movie ends six months later with a big BBQ in their backyard, at which Nick debuts his new magazine titled Are We Done Yet?, based on his experience building the house. Cast Ice Cube as Nick Persons Nia Long as Suzanne Persons John C. McGinley as Chuck Mitchell Jr. Aleisha Allen as Lindsey Persons Philip Daniel Bolden as Kevin Persons Tahj Mowry as Danny Pulu Dan Joffre as Billy Pulu Pedro Miguel Arce as Georgie Pulu Linda Kash as Mrs. Rooney Hayes MacArthur as Jimmy, The Bartender Jacob Vargas as Mike, The Plumber Colin and Gavin Strange as The Persons' Twins Jonathan Katz as Mr. Rooney Earvin "Magic" Johnson as Himself Production The film is a remake of the 1948 Cary Grant comedy Mr. Blandings Builds His Dream House and produced by Ted Hartley of RKO Pictures. Release The film made $58.4 million worldwide. The film was released in the United Kingdom on June 8, 2007, and opened on #3, behind Oceans Thirteen and Pirates of the Caribbean: At World's End. Reception Like its predecessor, Are We Done Yet? was panned by critics. On Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 8% based on 92 reviews, and has an average rating of 2.81/10. The site's consensus reads: "Are We Done Yet? plays it way too safe with generic slapstick and uninspired domestic foibles." On Metacritic, the film has a higher score than its predecessor's, at 36 out of 100, based on 21 reviews, meaning "generally unfavorable reviews." Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "B" on an A+ to F scale. Neil Smith for BBC.com gave the film 1 out of 5 stars and wrote: "McGinley, as it happens, is the film's only trump card, his madcap multi tasker stealing every scene he's in and leaving the movie's nominal star for dead." In one of the few positive reviews, Nathan Rabin of The A.V. Club gave the film a grade B, and praises McGinley and calls Ice Cube's performance "strangely charming". Rabin concludes: "It isn't gangsta, but it's winning all the same." See also Mr. Blandings Builds His Dream House The Money Pit References External links 2007 films 2007 comedy films 2000s pregnancy films Remakes of American films American sequel films 2000s English-language films Films based on multiple works Films about families Films set in Oregon Magic Johnson American pregnancy films Cube Vision films Revolution Studios films RKO Pictures films Films directed by Steve Carr Films produced by Ice Cube Films scored by Teddy Castellucci African-American comedy films Columbia Pictures films Films shot in British Columbia 2000s American films

4041347

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rodney%20MacDonald

Rodney MacDonald

Rodney Joseph MacDonald (born January 2, 1972) is a Canadian politician, educator and musician who served as the 26th premier of Nova Scotia from 2006 to 2009 and as MLA for the riding of Inverness in the Nova Scotia House of Assembly from 1999 to 2009. Background MacDonald was born in Inverness, Nova Scotia but spent his formative years in the community of Mabou, Cape Breton, Nova Scotia. In his youth, he was active in sports, including hockey, baseball and track and field. He played Midget AAA, Junior and Senior Hockey. In later years he coached various levels. He graduated from Mabou Consolidated School in 1990 and from St. Francis Xavier University in 1994, receiving a Bachelor of Science in Physical Education with a minor in English and a Nova Scotia Teaching Licence. He was employed as a senior high teacher with the Strait Regional School Board and was actively engaged in many community groups. At the age of 27, he became one of the youngest elected MLAs in Nova Scotia's history and went on to hold a number of high-profile Cabinet positions within the Nova Scotia government. At the age of 34 he became Nova Scotia's 26th Premier. He balanced Nova Scotia's budget each year of his term, lowered the Provincial debt, reduced taxes, and invested in key areas of the province's economy. MacDonald is engaged in numerous areas of Nova Scotia's economy: Business Development, the Offshore Petroleum Board of Nova Scotia, and in higher education as the CEO of The Gaelic College/Colaisde na Gaidhlig. Music career MacDonald has toured his fiddle music throughout Atlantic Canada, Central Canada and the northeastern United States. He is also an accomplished step dancer; he began dancing at age four after learning the skill from his parents. MacDonald's first public performance was reportedly at age eight at the Mayflower Shopping Mall in Sydney and he began taking fiddle lessons from his uncle, Kinnon Beaton, at age 12. He has recorded two albums to date: Dancer's Delight (1995) and Traditionally Rockin''' (1997, with his cousin Glenn Graham). In 1998 he received two nominations for the East Coast Music Awards. MacDonald was also included on the 2004 Smithsonian release The Beaton Family of Mabou: Cape Breton Fiddle and Piano Music'' and numerous other compilations. Political career MacDonald was first elected to the Legislative Assembly of Nova Scotia in the 1999 provincial election, representing the riding of Inverness in western Cape Breton Island. He was re-elected in 2003. He served in Premier John Hamm's cabinet with various ministerial portfolios including Tourism, Culture & Heritage, Health Promotion, and Immigration. He was responsible for the Heritage Property Act, Nova Scotia Liquor Corporation Act, and the Nova Scotia Youth Secretariat. Following Hamm's September 2005 announcement of his intention to retire, MacDonald committed to running for the leadership of the Progressive Conservative Association of Nova Scotia. The leadership race culminated in MacDonald winning the party's leadership on a second ballot on February 11, 2006. He was sworn in as Premier of Nova Scotia on February 24, succeeding Hamm. He is the second youngest premier in Nova Scotia's history. In May 2006, after a short session, MacDonald dissolved the legislature, calling an election for June 13, 2006. MacDonald's Progressive Conservatives won a minority government in the 2006 general election and MacDonald retained his seat. On May 4, 2009, MacDonald's government lost a confidence vote; as a result, a provincial election was called for June 9, 2009 to elect the next government. Although MacDonald kept his seat in the riding of Inverness, the Progressive Conservatives lost the election to the Nova Scotia New Democratic Party, led by Darrell Dexter. MacDonald stepped down as Nova Scotia PC Leader on June 24, 2009. He announced on August 5, 2009 that he would be resigning his seat in the legislature before the fall session began. He officially resigned on September 10, 2009. Life after politics After resigning as the MLA for Inverness, MacDonald founded a business development and consulting business called RMD Development Incorporated which owns a 4 star cottage operation called Ceilidh Cottages located in West Mabou, Nova Scotia. In June 2010, MacDonald was appointed to the Canada-Nova Scotia Offshore Petroleum Board. In September 2011, MacDonald was named CEO of The Gaelic College (Colaisde na Gàidhlig) in St. Anns. He created a Cape Breton Island-wide festival, "KitchenFest", which annually features more than 70 shows and more than 100 musicians. The college focuses on Gaelic language, music, culture, dance and craft. The college teaches multiple disciplines and cultural experiences to thousands of visitors and students each year. It is associated with Cape Breton University through a Memorandum of Understanding. He most recently was in the public eye when he condemned the provincial government's proposed cutting of the Gaelic Affairs Department budget by 40%. References 1972 births Living people Canadian people of Scottish descent Canadian university and college chief executives Members of the Executive Council of Nova Scotia Progressive Conservative Association of Nova Scotia MLAs Premiers of Nova Scotia People from Inverness County, Nova Scotia Cape Breton fiddlers Canadian male violinists and fiddlers Nova Scotia political party leaders St. Francis Xavier University alumni 21st-century Canadian politicians 21st-century Canadian violinists and fiddlers 21st-century Canadian male musicians

4041348

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William%20Stanley%20West

William Stanley West

William Stanley West (August 23, 1849December 22, 1914) was a United States Senator from the state of Georgia. He was a Democrat. He is notable for being the first person appointed to the Senate after ratification of the Seventeenth Amendment made that possible. Biography West was born in Buena Vista, Georgia on August 23, 1849. He studied law at Mercer University and graduated in 1876. After passing the bar that same year, West became a practicing attorney. West served in the Georgia House of Representatives from 1892 until 1901 and the Georgia Senate from 1901 until 1906. He was appointed to the U.S. Senate in 1914 to serve the remainder of the term of Augustus O. Bacon who had died earlier that year. West served until Thomas W. Hardwick was elected to fill Bacon's seat. Only one month after leaving his senatorial position, West died on December 22, 1914, in Valdosta, Georgia. He was buried in Sunset Hill Cemetery in that same city. Establishing Valdosta State University West was instrumental as a State Senator in establishing the South Georgia State Normal College, now Valdosta State University. In 1906, West and State Representative C.R. Ashley presented bills proposing the establishment of a college in Valdosta to the Georgia Senate and the House of Representatives, respectively. By an act of the Georgia State Legislature that year the establishment of an agricultural, industrial, or normal college in South Georgia was approved. Despite the legislation, no funding was granted until the summer of 1911. West donated fifty acres of land for the campus. West Hall, built in 1917, is named in his honor. The Crescent West's former house in Valdosta, known as the Crescent, is listed in the National Register of Historic Places. Built in 1898 the old home and grounds now serve as the Valdosta Garden Center, a home for several garden clubs around the city, and is one of the most recognized symbols of the city. References External links William Stanley West entry at The Political Graveyard 1849 births 1914 deaths Democratic Party United States senators from Georgia (U.S. state) Georgia (U.S. state) lawyers Democratic Party Georgia (U.S. state) state senators Democratic Party members of the Georgia House of Representatives Mercer University alumni People from Buena Vista, Georgia 19th-century American politicians State political party chairs of Georgia (U.S. state) 19th-century American lawyers

4041349

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Blake%20School%20%28Minneapolis%29

The Blake School (Minneapolis)

The Blake School is a private, coeducational, nonsectarian PK12 college preparatory day school, established in 1900. Blake is located on three campuses around the Twin Cities area of Minnesota: the upper school (9–12) is in Minneapolis; administration offices, middle school (6–8) is in Hopkins, Minnesota, and half of the lower school is also in Hopkins, Minnesota connected to the middle school; and the other half of the lower school is in Wayzata, Minnesota. History During the early 20th century, two schools were founded in Minneapolis to prepare students for elite colleges in the Northeast: the Blake School for boys and Northrop Collegiate School for girls. A third school, Highcroft Country Day School serving students of both sexes, was incorporated during the migration to Minneapolis suburbs. In 1974, the three schools merged to become the Blake Schools, with its first coeducational class graduating in 1975. The Blake School In 1907, William M. Blake established the Blake School, a private, preparatory school for boys, in Minneapolis. Three years later, Charles C. Bovey, a local businessman, wanted to reform Blake, and put it on the same plane as Eastern preparatory schools. With help from William Blake, new Board of Trustees Chairman Charles Bovey asked sixteen other local business leaders to contribute $2,500 each towards the school's first capital drive. In 1911, these original guarantors hired Charles B. Newton, a Princeton and Harvard alumnus, to replace William Blake as headmaster. Newton envisioned a school "not only for the wealthy, but for the worthy." The school incorporated on May 5, 1911, with all but two guarantors serving on the Board of Trustees. In 1912, their pooled resources enabled the construction of a new building in suburban Hopkins, with the site, now known as Blake Campus, being the current home of the middle school and one of the two lower school campuses. The Northrop Collegiate School In 1900, Zulema A. Ruble, a Smith College alumna, and Carrie Bartlett established Graham Hall, a private school for girls, in Minneapolis. In 1914, a group of Minneapolis leaders purchased Graham Hall and incorporated it as Northrop Collegiate School. In 1917, the school relocated within Minneapolis, with the site, now known as Northrop Campus, being the current home of the upper school campus. The Highcroft Country Day School In 1958, Sage Cowles, wife of John Cowles, Jr., along with two friends, established Highcroft Country Day School, a private, coeducational, nonsectarian K-9 school in Wayzata. Highcroft was designed to provide students in the far western suburbs (at the time) of the Twin Cities with an education near home. In 1960, the school building was constructed on land purchased and donated to the school, part of which was the former Highcroft estate in Wayzata, with the site, now known as Highcroft Campus, being the current home of the other lower school campus. Preservation and present In addition to retaining the original sites and all original buildings of the three schools as part of the campuses of The Blake School, the school also carries on other traditions, such as: from the Blake School for the boys – strong speech and debate programs, which are still maintained as an ongoing graduation requirement from Northrop Collegiate School – strong drama program, mascot of bears, along with the school color of blue from Highcroft Country Day School – growing athletic program for both boys and girls, along with school color of green. The current head of school is Dr. Annabelle Garsley. Blake alumni have held and currently hold various positions in government. Graduates from Blake have included: 2 U.S. Governors, 4 United States Senators, 3 members of The United States Congress, and 8 members of the Minnesota State Legislature. The Blake School was shut down for 4 days in late August 2021 due to a bomb threat, which was extended for 1.5 weeks following a police investigation on claims of children locked inside the basement of the school. Academics The school serves approximately 1,400 students in prekindergarten through twelfth grade, with an average classroom size of 15–16 students, and average graduating class size of 130. The school's student-adult ratio is 9:1. It takes 22 credits to graduate from The Blake School, with a minimum course load of five courses each semester. The Blake School also offers numerous global citizenship programs. Accreditation Blake is accredited by the Independent Schools Association of the Central States (ISACS), and is a member of the National Association of Independent Schools (NAIS), The College Board, National Association of College Admissions Counselors (NACAC), and the Cum Laude Society. Recognition Blake has received numerous accolades in recent years, including: U.S. Department of Education – Blue Ribbon School, 1989–90, 1992–93, 1993–94 The College Board – "Exemplary AP English Literature and Composition Programs", 2007 Wall Street Journal – "How the Schools Stack Up" (ranking of 41 for high schools with the best record of graduates attending eight top universities), 2007 Character Education Partnership – National School of Character, 2009 Mpls St.Paul Magazine – in school diversity and inclusion efforts, 2010 MN Monthly Magazine – for leadership training of its students, 2012; Built to Lead In 2011, Blake won the Minnesota Middle School Science Bowl, and was a competing school in the U.S. Department of Energy's National Science Bowl, winning the Hydrogen Fuel Cell Car Race portion. In 2015, it won the Department of Energy's Minnesota High School Science Bowl and proceeded to compete at the national level in Washington D.C. Blake is also home to one of the most active and successful high school debate programs in the entire country, having won several prestigious national championships, including the National Speech and Debate Association National Tournament, the National Debate Coaches Association National Tournament, and the Tournament of Champions. They are also the first school to qualify debaters to the Tournament of Champions in every event. Every December, Blake hosts the John Edie Debate Tournament, one of the largest regular-season speech and debate tournaments in the country. Athletics Blake competes in the Independent Metro Athletic Conference (IMAC) and formerly in the Tri-Metro Conference, which is part of the Minnesota State High School League. The school athletic teams are named the Blake Bears. The school offers twenty-eight sports, and fields over fifty athletic teams. The school also recognizes four club sports, including Ultimate Frisbee, Equestrian Team, Sailing, and the Stepps Dance Team. They are also recognized for having their hockey team in a cameo for the 1996 Disney movie D3: The Mighty Ducks when the movie was shot on set at Blake's Hopkins campus hockey arena; they came from behind down 9–0 to tie the Ducks 9-9, with 9 third period goals. History Blake won the Minnesota State High School League Challenge Cup, which awards schools based on their success in section and state fine arts and athletics tournaments, in 2005, 2007, 2009, 2012, 2013, 2014 and 2015 – more than any other school in state history – and was runner-up in 2006, 2008 and 2010, and placed third in 2011. In addition, many Blake alumni go on to play sports at the collegiate level, and some have even been drafted by professional sports franchises in the NHL, NFL, and MLB. Notable alumni A. J. Jackson (2002) - Lead Singer of Saint Motel Mark Dayton (1965) – U.S. Senator from Minnesota, 40th Governor of Minnesota, heir to Dayton's and Target Corporation, first husband of Alida Rockefeller Messinger Dean Phillips (1987) - U.S. Representative from Minnesota's 3rd Congressional District (2019-present), American businessman Kelly Morrison (1987) - Doctor and State Representative in the Minnesota House of Representatives Charles Baxter (1965) – author of National Book Award nominated The Feast of Love (2000) Dani Cameranesi (2013) – Forward for U.S. women's hockey team at 2018 Winter Olympics Jack Dalrymple (1966) – former Governor of North Dakota Tom Davis (1970) – Emmy-winning comedy writer and performer David L. Downie (1979) - Scholar of global environmental politics David T. Ellwood (1971) – Dean of Harvard John F. Kennedy School of Government Al Franken (1969) – U.S. Senator from Minnesota, satirist, comedian, author, screenwriter, Saturday Night Live television performer, political commentator, radio host Dave Goldberg (1985) – businessman, CEO of Survey Monkey Poppy Harlow (2001) – CNN reporter Michael Ankeny (2009) - Alpine skier Thomas B. Heffelfinger (1966) – former U.S. Attorney of Minnesota George Roy Hill (1939) – Oscar-winning director of Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid Steve Kelley (1971) – Minnesota State Senator, 2000 U.S. Senate candidate, attorney Eleanor de Laittre – artist Katrina Lake – CEO of Stitch Fix John Hugh MacMillan – businessman Whitney MacMillan (1947) – CEO of Cargill Marcia McNutt (1970) – president National Academy of Sciences Kent Patterson (2007) - NHL player Marcus Peacock (1978) – former Deputy Administrator U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Arthur Phillips (1986) - novelist, screenwriter Robert M. Pirsig (1943) - philosopher, author of Zen and the Art of Motorcycle Maintenance: An Inquiry into Values (1974) Jim Warden (1972) - Goaltender for U.S. men's hockey team at 1976 Winter Olympics J.T. Wyman (2004) – NHL player References External links Official School Website Educational institutions established in 1900 Education in Minneapolis High schools in Minneapolis Buildings and structures in Minneapolis Preparatory schools in Minnesota Private elementary schools in Minnesota Private middle schools in Minnesota Private high schools in Minnesota Schools in Hennepin County, Minnesota 1900 establishments in Minnesota

4041361

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karp

Karp

Karp may refer to: Places Karp, Podlaskie Voivodeship, in north-east Poland Karp, Lublin Voivodeship, in east Poland People Karp (surname) Karp Khachvankyan (1923–1998), Armenian actor and director Other uses KARP-FM, a radio station in Dassel, Minnesota, United States Karp (band), an American 1990s rock band Karp class submarine, ordered in 1904 by the Russian Empire, also the namesake submarine in the class Korean Association of Retired Persons, a non-governmental organization affiliated with the United Nations See also Magikarp (Pokémon) Carp (disambiguation)

4041362

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerry%20Mayo

Kerry Mayo

Kerry Mayo (born 21 September 1977) is an English former professional footballer who played as a left back. Career Born in Haywards Heath, West Sussex, Mayo was a trainee with Brighton & Hove Albion and signed a professional contract with them in July 1996. On 6 May 2008, it was confirmed that Mayo, along with the experienced Guy Butters and Gary Hart, had been released from the club by then manager Dean Wilkins. However, after impressing during pre-season under new manager Micky Adams, Hart and Mayo signed new contracts. In September 2008 Mayo joined Conference National team Lewes on loan for a month. He returned to Brighton on 10 October after suffering cruciate knee ligament damage. Mayo left Brighton after his contract expired at the end of June 2009. He was one of the club's longest-serving players: during his 14-year career, he had played in 413 league and cup games and scored 14 goals. In July 2009, he announced his retirement from professional football after failing to recover from a groin injury. On 18 November 2010, Mayo joined his local club, Newhaven, and scored on his debut in a 4–2 win over Pease Pottage. References External links Kerry Mayo profile on Brighton & Hove Albion official website 1977 births Living people Footballers from West Sussex People from Haywards Heath English footballers Association football defenders Brighton & Hove Albion F.C. players Lewes F.C. players Newhaven F.C. players English Football League players National League (English football) players

4041366

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dipylon%20inscription

Dipylon inscription

The Dipylon inscription is a short text written on an ancient Greek pottery vessel dated to ca. 740 BC. It is famous for being the oldest (or one of the oldest) known samples of the use of the Greek alphabet. The text is scratched on an oenochoe, which was found in 1871 and is named after the location where it was found, the ancient Dipylon Cemetery, near the Dipylon Gate on the area of Kerameikos in Athens. The jug is attributed to the Late Geometrical Period (750-700 BC). It is now in the National Archaeological Museum of Athens (inv. 192). Text The text is written in an archaic form of the Greek alphabet, with some letter shapes still resembling those of the original Phoenician alphabet. For example, the Greek letter zeta (Ζ) resembles the Phoenician letter zayin (I). The text is written from right to left, with the individual letters mirror-shaped in comparison with the modern forms. It is placed in a circle around the shoulder of the vessel. The text consists of 46 characters, of which the first 35 can easily be read as a hexametric verse in Greek. The fragmentary rest is believed to have been the beginning of the second verse of a , but the exact interpretation is unclear. B. Powell has argued that the final characters may represent a garbled snippet from the middle of an abecedarium (ΚΛΜΝ) by a second hand, someone learning to write. More recently, N. M. Binek has shown that the last six markings can "be viewed not as letters or as attempts to inscribe letters, but rather as decorative elements fashioned by a second inscriber in accordance with the principles of Geometric idiom," inasmuch as the segment roughly mirrors the shapes of letters 9-4 (ΧΡΟΝΥΝ). The text marks the vessel as a prize in a dancing competition. It is translated as: "whoever of the dancers now dances most lightly...", and the second line is conjectured to have said something to the effect of "...he shall get this (vessel as his prize)." The text of the inscription runs: ΗΟΣΝΥΝΟΡΧΕΣΤΟΝΠΑΝΤΟΝΑΤΑΛΟΤΑΤΑΠΑΙΖΕΙΤΟΤΟΔΕΚΛ[?]ΜΙ[?]Ν In modern scholarly editions this is sometimes transcribed as: This corresponds to the following in the later classical orthography in Greek (using the Ionian form of the Greek alphabet), with the metric feet of the hexameter indicated: Literal translation: Whoever of all these dancers now plays most delicately, of him this (sc. pot)... Nestor's cup It is believed that either the Dipylon inscription or the Nestor's Cup is the oldest known alphabetic Greek inscription. The Nestor Cup, which also bears a verse inscription, was found in an excavation at the ancient Greek colony of Pithekoussai on the island of Ischia in Italy. It is thought to be of equal age with the Dipylon inscription or slightly younger. See also History of the Greek alphabet Pottery of Ancient Greece References . . . External links Bibliotheca Augustana corpus: Online text and image Epigraphical database: Online text Greek language Individual ancient Greek vases Archaeological artifacts Greek inscriptions Iron Age Greece Earliest known manuscripts by language National Archaeological Museum, Athens 8th-century BC works Archaeological discoveries in Greece 1871 archaeological discoveries

4041369

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fantastic%20%28Toy-Box%20album%29

Fantastic (Toy-Box album)

Fantastic is the debut studio album by Danish bubblegum dance duo Toy-Box. It includes the hits "The Sailor Song", "Teddybear", "Best Friend" and "Tarzan & Jane". It was released in January 1999, and later released in May 1999. The Singapore edition included the "Toy-Box Space Trap" video game for the PC. The Special Christmas Edition of the Fantastic Album featured a bonus track; So Merry Christmas Everyone (X-MAS Bonus) produced & arranged for Candy Hell Entertainment. The artwork resembles to the layout of European PlayStation games. Toy-Box videos Toy-Box released music videos for "The Sailor-Song", "Best Friend", "Tarzan & Jane", and "Teddybear." Most of Toy-Box's videos could be considered cartoonish, but "Teddybear" is a more realistic video. While "Best Friend" features Amir El-Falaki and Aneela Mirza having a neon sword fight and turning into little fuzz balls, "The Sailor Song" showed several men flying off a boat, and "Tarzan and Jane" featured live monkeys and elephants in a cartoon parody, "Teddy Bear" is set in Paris and showed Amir and Aneela in a more romantic way than the other videos. Commercial performance As of August 1999, the album has reached worldwide sales of 300,000 sold copies, with 80,000 units sold in Denmark. Track listing "Toy-Box Pictures Presents" – 0:38 "The Sailor Song" – 3:15 "Best Friend" – 3:28 "Tarzan & Jane" – 3:04 "E.T." – 3:40 "Teddybear" – 4:14 "Super-Duper-Man" – 3:17 "I Believe in You" – 3:29 "Earth, Wind, Water & Fire" – 3:36 "What About" – 3:40 "Eenie, Meenie, Miney, Mo" – 3:17 "A Thing Called Love" – 3:16 "Sayonara (Goodbye)" – 3:25 Christmas edition bonus track "So Merry Christmas Everyone" – 3:55 Special edition bonus videos "Best Friend" "The Sailor Song" Singles "Tarzan & Jane" (1998) "Best Friend" (1998) "The Sailor Song" (1999) Promotional single "Teddybear" (2000) Charts References External links Toy-Box Toy-Box at Bubblegum Dancer 1999 debut albums Toy-Box albums Victor Entertainment albums Edel-Mega Records albums

4041384

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dan%20Druff

Dan Druff

Dan Druff may refer to: Dan Druff (musician), born Daniel James Irving, rock musician Todd Witteles, professional poker player known as Dan Druff See also Dandruff, excessive shedding of dead skin cells from the scalp

4041390

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manual%20memory%20management

Manual memory management

In computer science, manual memory management refers to the usage of manual instructions by the programmer to identify and deallocate unused objects, or garbage. Up until the mid-1990s, the majority of programming languages used in industry supported manual memory management, though garbage collection has existed since 1959, when it was introduced with Lisp. Today, however, languages with garbage collection such as Java are increasingly popular and the languages Objective-C and Swift provide similar functionality through Automatic Reference Counting. The main manually managed languages still in widespread use today are C and C++ – see C dynamic memory allocation. Description Many programming languages use manual techniques to determine when to allocate a new object from the free store. C uses the malloc function; C++ and Java use the new operator; and many other languages (such as Python) allocate all objects from the free store. Determining when an object ought to be created (object creation) is generally trivial and unproblematic, though techniques such as object pools mean an object may be created before immediate use. The real challenge is object destruction – determination of when an object is no longer needed (i.e. is garbage), and arranging for its underlying storage to be returned to the free store for re-use. In manual memory allocation, this is also specified manually by the programmer; via functions such as free() in C, or the delete operator in C++ – this contrasts with automatic destruction of objects held in automatic variables, notably (non-static) local variables of functions, which are destroyed at the end of their scope in C and C++. Manual memory management techniques For example malloc/free Memory arena scratch buffer ... Manual management and correctness Manual memory management is known to enable several major classes of bugs into a program when used incorrectly, notably violations of memory safety or memory leaks. These are a significant source of security bugs. When an unused object is never released back to the free store, this is known as a memory leak. In some cases, memory leaks may be tolerable, such as a program which "leaks" a bounded amount of memory over its lifetime, or a short-running program which relies on an operating system to deallocate its resources when it terminates. However, in many cases memory leaks occur in long-running programs, and in such cases an unbounded amount of memory is leaked. When this occurs, the size of the available free store continues to decrease over time; when it is finally exhausted, the program then crashes. Catastrophic failure of the dynamic memory management system may result when an object's backing memory is deleted out from under it more than once; an object is explicitly destroyed more than once; when, while using a pointer to manipulate an object not allocated on the free store, a programmer attempts to release said pointer's target object's backing memory; or when, while manipulating an object via a pointer to another, arbitrary area of memory managed by an unknown external task, thread, or process, a programmer corrupts that object's state, possibly in such a way as to write outside of its bounds and corrupt its memory management data. The result of such actions can include heap corruption, premature destruction of a different (and newly created) object which happens to occupy the same location in memory as the multiply deleted object, program crashes due to a segmentation fault (violation of memory protection,) and other forms of undefined behavior. Pointers to deleted objects become wild pointers if used post-deletion; attempting to use such pointers can result in difficult-to-diagnose bugs. Languages which exclusively use garbage collection are known to avoid the last two classes of defects. Memory leaks can still occur (and bounded leaks frequently occur with generational or conservative garbage collection), but are generally less severe than memory leaks in manual systems. Resource Acquisition Is Initialization Manual memory management has one correctness advantage, which is that it allows automatic resource management via the Resource Acquisition Is Initialization (RAII) paradigm. This arises when objects own scarce system resources (like graphics resources, file handles, or database connections) which must be relinquished when an object is destroyed – when the lifetime of the resource ownership should be tied to the lifetime of the object. Languages with manual management can arrange this by acquiring the resource during object initialization (in the constructor), and releasing during object destruction (in the destructor), which occurs at a precise time. This is known as Resource Acquisition Is Initialization. This can also be used with deterministic reference counting. In C++, this ability is put to further use to automate memory deallocation within an otherwise-manual framework, use of the shared_ptr template in the language's standard library to perform memory management is a common paradigm. shared_ptr is not suitable for all object usage patterns, however. This approach is not usable in most garbage collected languages – notably tracing garbage collectors or more advanced reference counting – due to finalization being non-deterministic, and sometimes not occurring at all. That is, it is difficult to define (or determine) when or if a finalizer method might be called; this is commonly known as the finalizer problem. Java and other GC'd languages frequently use manual management for scarce system resources besides memory via the dispose pattern: any object which manages resources is expected to implement the dispose() method, which releases any such resources and marks the object as inactive. Programmers are expected to invoke dispose() manually as appropriate to prevent "leaking" of scarce graphics resources. Depending on the finalize() method (how Java implements finalizers) to release graphics resources is widely viewed as poor programming practice among Java programmers, and similarly the analogous __del__() method in Python cannot be relied on for releasing resources. For stack resources (resources acquired and released within a single block of code), this can be automated by various language constructs, such as Python's with, C#'s using or Java's try-with-resources. Performance Many advocates of manual memory management argue that it affords superior performance when compared to automatic techniques such as garbage collection. Traditionally latency was the biggest advantage, but this is no longer the case. Manual allocation frequently has superior locality of reference. Manual allocation is also known to be more appropriate for systems where memory is a scarce resource, due to faster reclamation. Memory systems can and do frequently "thrash" as the size of a program's working set approaches the size of available memory; unused objects in a garbage-collected system remain in an unreclaimed state for longer than in manually managed systems, because they are not immediately reclaimed, increasing the effective working set size. Manual management has a number of documented performance disadvantages: Calls to delete and such incur an overhead each time they are made, this overhead can be amortized in garbage collection cycles. This is especially true of multithreaded applications, where delete calls must be synchronized. The allocation routine may be more complicated, and slower. Some garbage collection schemes, such as those with heap compaction, can maintain the free store as a simple array of memory (as opposed to the complicated implementations required by manual management schemes). Latency is a debated point that has changed over time, with early garbage collectors and simple implementations performing very poorly compared to manual memory management, but sophisticated modern garbage collectors often performing as well or better than manual memory management. Manual allocation does not suffer from the long "pause" times that occur in simple stop-the-world garbage collection, although modern garbage collectors have collection cycles which are often not noticeable. Manual memory management and garbage collection both suffer from potentially unbounded deallocation times – manual memory management because deallocating a single object may require deallocating its members, and recursively its members' members, etc., while garbage collection may have long collection cycles. This is especially an issue in real time systems, where unbounded collection cycles are generally unacceptable; real-time garbage collection is possible by pausing the garbage collector, while real-time manual memory management requires avoiding large deallocations, or manually pausing deallocation. References External links The Memory Management Reference Richard Jones and Rafael Lins, Garbage Collection: Algorithms for Automated Dynamic Memory Management, Wiley and Sons (1996), Memory management

4041391

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acre%C3%BAna

Acreúna

Acreúna is a city and municipality in western Goiás state, Brazil. Location Acreúna is located in the statistical micro-region of Vale do Rio dos Bois, southwest of the state capital, Goiânia, on BR-060, (Brasília-Acre) which links Goiânia with Rio Verde. The distance to Goiânia is 153 kilometers via BR-060 / Guapó / Indiara. Municipal boundaries: North: Paraúna and Jandaia South: Turvelândia East: Edéia and Indiara West: Montividiu and Santo Antônio da Barra History The town appeared in 1964 in the territory of the municipality of Paraúna. It was created through the initiative of Benedicto Arystogogo de Mello, who had already founded the settlements of Riverlândia, in Rio Verde, and Vila Brasil, in Santa Helena de Goiás. Mello negotiated with a large landowner of the region to begin selling the lots. The lands were on the banks of the Rio Verdão and near the Brasília – Acre highway, which was under construction at the time. Origin of the name The name of the town, Acreúna, comes from a combination of Acre, final destination of the highway which crosses the town, and Una, a tribute to Paraúna, the municipality where it had been located before becoming a separate municipality. It became a district in 1968 and, thanks to its rapid population growth and economic development, it separated from Paraúna in 1976 to become an independent municipality. Demographic and Political Data Population density: 11.85 inhabitants/km2 (2007) Population density: 12.95 inhabitants/km2 (2010) Growth rate 2000/2007: 0.20.% Urban population: 16,424 (2007) Urban population: 20,279 (2010) Rural population: 2,129 (2007) Eligible voters: 14,790 City government in 2005: mayor (João Batista Pereira), vice-mayor (Paulo Rogério Pereira), and 09 councilmembers The economy The economy is based on agriculture, with a great production of sugarcane, cotton, corn, and soybeans (see below). The cattle herd had 99,000 head in 2003. Industrial units: 36 Retail commercial units: 213 Banking units: Banco do Brasil S.A.- BRADESCO S.A.- Banco Itaú S.A. (August/2007) GDP (PIB) (R$1,000.00): 229,685 (2005) GDP per capita (R$1.00): 10,959 (2005) Vehicles (2007) automobiles: 1,862 trucks: 317 pickups: 413 motorcycles: 1,001 Source: IBGE The main agricultural products (2007) cotton: 2,000 ha. / 5,200 tons (Acreuna produced 55,000 tons in 2001) sugarcane: 5,700 hectares / 501,600 tons corn: 10,000 hectares / 60,000 tons soybeans: 22,000 hectares / 61,600 tons Source: Sepin Farm information Number of farms: 434 Total farm area: 141,236 Planted area: 51,300 ha. Area of natural pasture: 65,990 ha. Workers in agriculture: 1,042 Health Infant mortality rate in 2014: 23.97 Infant mortality rate in 2000: 21.13 Infant mortality rate in 1990: 35.64 Hospitals: 03 with 75 beds (2007) Education Literacy rate in 2015: 97.1 Literacy rate in 2000: 83.2 Literacy rate in 1991: 77.1 Schools: 13 with 3,840 students (2015) Schools: 12 with 6,309 students (2006) Higher education: none reporting in 2006 Source: IBGE Municipal Human Development Index: 0.686 (2010) Municipal Human Development Index: 0.763 State ranking: 50 (out of 242 municipalities) National ranking: 1,498 (out of 5,507 municipalities) For the complete list see Frigoletto.com See also List of municipalities in Goiás Microregions of Goiás References Frigoletto External links Rádio Liberdade FM Guia Comercial de Acreúna (Acreúna Commercial Guide) Municipalities in Goiás

4041399

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euno%C3%AB

Eunoë

Eunoë () according to Greek mythology, was a naiad-nymph daughter of the river god Sangarius, sometimes associated with Persephone as her mother. Eunoë is the wife of the Phrygian king Dymas, and the mother of Hecuba, the wife of King Priam of Troy. Otherwise, the mother of Hecabe was called the naiad Euagora. Notes Naiads Nymphs Queens in Greek mythology

4041414

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fid%C3%A8le%20Moungar

Fidèle Moungar

Fidèle Abdelkérim Moungar (born 1948) is a Chadian politician who served as Prime Minister of Chad in 1993. He is currently Secretary-General of Chadian Action for Unity and Socialism (ACTUS), a left-wing opposition party. Life Moungar is an ethnic Sara, born in 1948 in Doba in the Logone Oriental Region, who has practiced as a surgeon in France. He started his political career when, along with other exiles, he founded ACTUS, a party hostile to both the FROLINAT and Wadel Abdelkader Kamougué's de facto government of southern Chad, the Comité Permanente du Sud, in May 1979 in Paris. In 1992, two years after the rise to the presidency of Idriss Déby, he became Minister of Education in the government led by Jean Alingué Bawoyeu. At the Sovereign National Conference (CNS), a reconciliation conference representing most Chadian factions that was first convened on January 15, 1993, Moungar was elected as transitional Prime Minister on April 6, 1993, receiving 444 votes against the 334 received by Adoum Helbongo. He succeeded Alingué as the 5th Prime Minister of Chad on April 7. Moungar formed a transitional government including 16 ministers, in which all party leaders had a post; among these, Saleh Kebzabo became Trade and Industry Minister, Delwa Kassiré Koumakoye became Communications Minister and Wadel Abdelkader Kamougué became Civil Service and Labour Minister. In a message on Radio Tchad, Moungar asserted his cabinet's loyalty to the CNS' instructions, claiming that his ministers would be the CNS' "missionaries". Moungar's tenure in office was marked by confrontation with the President over the pace for adopting a multiparty political system, a confrontation that a Chadian journalist dates from June, when during a presidential visit to France Idriss Déby noted that Moungar was highly regarded by the French government. This made Déby conclude that Moungar might transform himself in a dangerous rival for the presidency. He was also led to suspect this, together with rival opposition leaders, by Moungar's conduct and speeches, which indicated a considerable ambition, despite his previous promise that he had no political interest in remaining in politics after the transition period. This brought the downfall of the Moungar cabinet on October 28, 1993, when the President's supporters presented a censure motion in transitional parliament, the Conseil Supérieur de Transition (CST). The CST (the country's transitional legislature charged with the task of monitoring the government's implementation of the CNS' recommendations) approved the motion with 45 votes against 10, and 1 abstained, displaying what the scholar William Miles calls "a good example of their deference to the Presidency", which repeated itself when the CST readily accepted Déby's candidate for Prime Minister, the Justice Minister Delwa Kassiré Koumakoye. Moungar called his removal unconstitutional, threatening to bring the issue to court, while workers went on strike, deserting their jobs. In 1996 Moungar was disqualified from participating in the first Chadian multi-party presidential election for alleged residence irregularities. In January 2007 Moungar strongly criticized French policy in Chad, asking for the recall of the French troops stationed in Chad. He claimed that "France has crucified Chadian democracy, systematically contributing to the faking of all elections, and, through the intervention of its troops, has caused the repression of all rebellions, in open violation of the Franco-Chadian accords." On July 30, 2007, Moungar returned to Chad along with a delegation of about 20 other exiled opponents of the regime to meet with Déby and discuss how to restore peace to the country; he and the rest of the delegation returned to Libreville, Gabon on the same day. In November 2007, he said that he was outraged that France wanted the defendants in the Arche de Zoé child kidnapping case to be tried in France rather than Chad. As of 2009, Moungar remains Secretary-General of ACTUS. As part of a peace initiative in February 2009, he met with Deby and then travelled to Khartoum to meet with Chadian rebel leaders. Private life Moungar's eldest daughter Vanessa Moungar was born in 1984 and works at the African Development Bank. References Living people 1948 births Chadian Action for Unity and Socialism politicians Chadian surgeons People from Logone Oriental Region Sara people Heads of government of Chad 20th-century surgeons

4041420

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shall%20We%20Dance%20%281937%20film%29

Shall We Dance (1937 film)

Shall We Dance, released in 1937, is the seventh of the ten Fred Astaire-Ginger Rogers musical comedy films. The story follows an American ballet dancer (Astaire) who falls in love with a tap dancer (Rogers); the tabloid press concocts a story of their marriage, after which life imitates art. George Gershwin wrote the symphonic underscore and Ira Gershwin the lyrics, for their second Hollywood musical. Plot Peter P. Peters (Fred Astaire) is an amiable American ballet dancer billed as "Petrov", who cultivates a public image of being a serious, demanding and temperamental Russian, though his employer knows the truth. Peters dances for a ballet company in Paris owned by the bumbling Jeffrey Baird (Edward Everett Horton), and secretly never wants to blend classical ballet with modern jazz dancing because they think it does not look very professional. When Peters sees a photo of famous tap dancer Linda Keene (Ginger Rogers), he falls in love with her. He contrives to meet her (as "Petrov"), but she is less than impressed. They meet again on an ocean liner traveling back to New York, and Linda warms to Petrov. Their interactions spark a tabloid campaign that they are (or are perhaps not) married. Unknown to them, their associates create a publicity stunt "proving" their proper marriage. Outraged, Linda becomes engaged to the bumbling Jim Montgomery (William Brisbane), much to the chagrin of both Peters and Arthur Miller (Jerome Cowan), her manager, who secretly launches more fake publicity. Peters (who by now has revealed his true identity) and Keene, unable to squelch the rumor, decide to actually marry and then immediately get divorced. Linda begins to fall in love with her husband, but then discovers him with another woman, Lady Denise Tarrington (Ketti Gallian), and leaves before he can explain. Later, when she comes to his new show to personally serve him divorce papers, she sees him dancing with dozens of women, all wearing masks with her face on them: Peters has decided that if he cannot dance with Linda, he will dance with images of Linda. Seeing that he truly loves her, she happily joins him onstage. Cast Music George Gershwin – who had become famous for blending jazz with classical forms – wrote each scene in a different style of dance music, and he composed one scene specifically for the ballerina Harriet Hoctor. Ira Gershwin seemed decidedly less excited by the idea; none of his lyrics make reference to the notion of blending different styles of dance (such as ballet and jazz), and Astaire was also not enthusiastic about the concept. The score of Shall We Dance is probably the largest source of Gershwin orchestral works unavailable to the general public, at least since the advent of modern stereo recording techniques in the 1950s. The movie contains the only recordings of some of the instrumental pieces currently available to Gershwin aficionados (although not all the incidental music composed for the movie was used in the final cut). Some of the cuts arranged and orchestrated by Gershwin include: "Dance of the Waves", "Waltz of the Red Balloons", "Graceful and Elegant", "Hoctor's Ballet" and "French Ballet Class". The instrumental track "Walking the Dog", however, has been frequently recorded and has been played from time to time on classical music radio stations. Nathaniel Shilkret, musical director for the movie, hired Jimmy Dorsey and all or part of the Dorsey band as the nucleus of a fifty-piece studio orchestra including strings. Dorsey was in Hollywood at the time working the "Kraft Music Hall" radio show on NBC hosted by Bing Crosby. Dorsey is heard soloing on "Slap That Bass", "Walking the Dog" and "They All Laughed". Gershwin was already suffering during the production of the motion picture from the brain tumor that was shortly to kill him, and Shilkret (as well as Robert Russell Bennett) contributed by assisting with orchestration on some of the numbers. Musical numbers Hermes Pan collaborated with Astaire on the choreography throughout and Harry Losee was brought in to help with the ballet finale. Gershwin modeled the score on the great ballets of the 19th century, but with obvious swing and jazz influences, as well as polytonalism. While Astaire made further attempts—notably in Ziegfeld Follies (1944/46), Yolanda and the Thief (1945) and Daddy Long Legs (1955)—it was his rival and friend Gene Kelly who would eventually succeed in creating a modern original dance style based on this concept. Some critics have attributed Astaire's discomfort with ballet (he briefly studied ballet in the 1920s) to his oft-expressed disdain for "inventing up to the arty". "Overture to Shall We Dance":was written by George Gershwin in 1937 as the introduction to his score for Shall We Dance. Performance time runs about four minutes. "The opening [number] is in Gershwin's best big-city style; propulsive, nervous, bustling with modern harmonies; it might have easily been developed into a full-scale composition except that time was growing short." "French Ballet Class" written in the style of the galop. "Rehearsal Fragments": In a brief segment which seeks to motivate the film's core dance concept, Astaire illustrates the idea of combining "the technique of ballet with the warmth and passion of this other mood" by performing two ballet leaps, the second of which is followed by a tap barrage. "Rumba Sequence": Astaire watches a flip book showing a brief orchestral rumba danced by Ginger Rogers and Pete Theodore, choreographed by Hermes Pan; it is Rogers' only partnered dance without Astaire in the ten-film series of Astaire-Rogers musicals. The increasing complexity and chromaticism in Gershwin's music can be detected between music for this sequence and Gershwin's earlier effort at a rumba, the Cuban Overture, written five years earlier. Scored for chamber orchestra. "(I've Got) Beginner's Luck": A brief comic tap solo with cane where Astaire's rehearsing to a record of the number is cut short when the record gets stuck. "Waltz of the Red Balloons" written in the style of a valse joyeaux. "Slap That Bass": In a mixed race number unusual for its time, Astaire encounters a group of African-American musicians holding a jam session in a spotless, Art Deco-inspired ship's engine room. Dudley Dickerson introduces the first verse of the song whose chorus is then taken up by Astaire. The virtuoso tap solo which follows is the first substantial musical number in the picture, and can be seen as a successor to the "I'd Rather Lead A Band" solo from Follow the Fleet (1936)—which also took place aboard ship—this time introducing a vertical element to the predominantly linear choreography, some pointedly dismissive references to ballet positions, and a middle section similarly without musical accompaniment but now imaginatively supported by rhythmic engine noises. George Gershwin's color home-movie footage of Astaire rehearsing this number was discovered only in the 1990s. "Dance of the Waves": written in the style of a barcarolle. "Walking the Dog": This was only published in 1960 as "Promenade" to accompany two pantomimic routines for Astaire and Rogers. This is the only part of the score besides Hoctor's Ballet to be published for performance in the concert hall, thus far. Scored for chamber orchestra. (Not all of the Walking the Dog sequence heard in the movie is in the published score, the ending of the scene features the themes following each other in a round (music).) "Beginner's Luck" (song): Astaire delivers this song to a non-committal Rogers, whose skepticism is echoed by a pack of howling dogs intervening at the close. "Graceful and Elegant": another waltz written by Gershwin, this one written in the style of the pas de deux (the first of two pas de deux in the score) "They All Laughed (at Christopher Columbus)": Ginger Rogers sings the introduction of Gershwin's now-classic song and is then joined by Astaire in a comic dance duet which begins with a ballet parody: Astaire in a mock-Russian accent invites Rogers to "tweeest" but after she pointedly fails to respond the pair revert to a tap routine which ends with Astaire lifting Rogers onto a piano. "Let's Call the Whole Thing Off": The genesis of the joke in Ira Gershwin's famous lyrics is uncertain: Ira has claimed the idea occurred to him in 1926 and remained unused. Astaire and Rogers sing alternate verses of this quickstep before embarking on a partnered comic tap dance on roller skates in a Central Park skating rink. Astaire uses the circular form of the rink to introduce a variation of the "oompah-trot" he and his sister Adele had made famous in vaudeville. In a further dig at ballet, the pair strike an arabesque pose just prior to toppling onto the grass. "They Can't Take That Away from Me": The Gershwins' famous foxtrot, a serene, nostalgic declaration of love;one of their most enduring creations and one of George's personal favorites—is introduced by Astaire. As with "The Way You Look Tonight" in Swing Time (1936), it was decided to reprise the melody as part of the film's dance finale. George Gershwin was unhappy about this, writing "They literally throw one or two songs away without any kind of plug". Astaire and Rogers said individually during their lives the song was one of their favourite personal songs, and they rescued it for The Barkleys of Broadway in (1949), his final reunion with Rogers, creating one of their most admired essays in romantic partnered dance, and it was the only occasion on film when Astaire permitted himself to repeat a song he had performed in a previous film. George Gershwin died two months after the film's release, and he was posthumously nominated for the Academy Award for Best Original Song for this song at the 1937 Academy Awards. "Hoctor's Ballet": The film's big production number begins with a ballet featuring a female chorus and ballet soloist Harriet Hoctor whose specialty was performing an elliptical backbend en pointe, a routine she had perfected during her vaudeville days and as a headline act with the Ziegfeld Follies. Astaire approaches and the pair perform a duet to a reprise of the music to "They Can't Take That Away From Me". This number runs directly into: "Shall We Dance/ Finale and Coda": After a brief routine for Astaire and a female chorus, each wearing Ginger masks, he departs and Hoctor returns to deliver two variations on her backbend routine. Astaire now returns in top hat, white tie and tails and delivers a rendition of the title song; urging his audience to "drop that long face/come on have your fling/why keep nursing the blues" and follows this with a zestful half-minute tap solo. Other musical nods are interwoven referencing the previous ballet sequences. Finally, Ginger arrives on stage, masked to blend in with the chorus whereupon Astaire unmasks her and they dance a brief final duet. This routine was referenced in the 1999 romantic comedy Simply Irresistible. Production The idea for the film originated in the studio's desire to exploit the successful formula created by Richard Rodgers and Lorenz Hart with their 1936 Broadway hit On Your Toes. In a major coup for RKO, Pandro Berman managed to attract the Gershwins – George Gershwin, who wrote the symphonic underscore, and Ira Gershwin, the lyrics – to score this, their second Hollywood musical after Delicious in 1931. The film – Astaire and Rogers's most expensive to date – benefits from quality comedy specialists, opulent art direction by Carroll Clark under Van Nest Polglase's supervision, and a timeless score which introduces three classic Gershwin songs. Astaire was no stranger to the Gershwins, having headlined, with his sister Adele, two Gershwin Broadway shows: Lady Be Good! in 1924 and Funny Face in 1927. George Gershwin also accompanied the pair on piano in a set of recordings in 1926. Rogers first came to Hollywood's attention when she appeared in the Gershwins' 1930 stage musical Girl Crazy. Shall We Dance was named at the suggestion of Vincente Minnelli, who was a friend of the Gershwins. Minnelli originally suggested "Shall We Dance?" with a question mark, which disappeared at some point. The car used on the ferry was 1936 Packard Twelve Coupe Roadster. Reception Shall We Dance earned $1,275,000 in the US and Canada and $893,000 elsewhere, resulting in a profit of $413,000, less than half the previous Astaire-Rogers film. It also was not a critical success and was taken as an indication that the Astaire-Rogers pairing was slipping in its audience appeal. The film is recognized by American Film Institute in these lists: 2004: AFI's 100 Years...100 Songs: "Let's Call the Whole Thing Off" – #34 Preservation status On September 22, 2013 it was announced that a musicological critical edition of the full orchestral score of Shall We Dance will eventually be released. The Gershwin family, working in conjunction with the Library of Congress and the University of Michigan, are working to make scores available to the public that represent Gershwin's true intent. The entire Gershwin project may take 30 to 40 years to complete, and it is unclear when Shall We Dance will be released. Other than the sequences Hoctor's Ballet and Walking The Dog, it will be the first time the score has been published. In popular culture In the 2019 psychological thriller Joker, Arthur Fleck dances to the "Slap That Bass" segment playing on his TV in one scene. See also Fred Astaire's solo and partnered dances References Bibliography Astaire, Fred. Steps in Time: An Autobiography. New York: Dey Street Books, 2008, First edition 1959. . Green, Stanley (1999) Hollywood Musicals Year by Year (2nd ed.), pub. Hal Leonard Corporation pages 68–69 Jablonski, Edward. Gershwin: A New Critical Biography. New York: Da Capo Press, 1998. . External links 1937 films 1937 musical comedy films 1937 romantic comedy films American dance films American musical comedy films American romantic comedy films American romantic musical films American black-and-white films 1930s English-language films Films directed by Mark Sandrich Musicals by George Gershwin RKO Pictures films George Gershwin in film 1930s dance films Publicity stunts in fiction 1930s American films

4041425

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Pope%20of%20Greenwich%20Village

The Pope of Greenwich Village

The Pope of Greenwich Village is a 1984 American crime black comedy film directed by Stuart Rosenberg and starring Mickey Rourke, Eric Roberts, Daryl Hannah, Geraldine Page, Kenneth McMillan and Burt Young. Page was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for her two-scene role. The film was adapted by screenwriter Vincent Patrick from his novel of the same name. Plot In an Italian neighborhood of Greenwich Village, cousins Charlie, a maître d'hôtel with aspirations of someday owning his own restaurant, and Paulie, a schemer who works as a waiter, have expensive tastes but not much money. Paulie gets caught skimming checks, and he and Charlie are both fired. Now out of work and in debt, Charlie must find another way to pay his alimony, support his pregnant girlfriend Diane, and try to buy a restaurant. Paulie comes to Charlie with a seemingly foolproof robbery idea involving a large amount of cash in the safe of a local business. Charlie reluctantly agrees to participate, and they manage to crack the safe with help from an accomplice, Barney, a clock repairman and locksmith. But things go sour, resulting in the accidental death of police officer Walter "Bunky" Ritter, who had been secretly taping "Bed Bug" Eddie Grant. Charlie soon learns that the money they stole belongs to Eddie. The mob figures out that Paulie is involved, and not even his Uncle Pete, part of Eddie's crew, can help him. Eddie's henchmen cut off Paulie's left thumb as punishment. Diane leaves Charlie and takes his money to support their unborn child, while Paulie is forced to work as a waiter for Eddie. He gives the mob Barney's name but initially refuses to identify Charlie as the third man involved. However, under pressure, he is forced to rat on his cousin. Barney leaves town and Charlie mails him his cut of the loot. When Charlie makes $20,000 on a horse, things begin to look up. Charlie prepares for a showdown with Eddie, armed with a copy of the tape the police officer had made. But at the last moment, Paulie puts lye in Eddie's coffee; then he and Charlie casually walk away from Greenwich Village. Cast Eric Roberts as Paulie Mickey Rourke as Charlie Moran Daryl Hannah as Diane Geraldine Page as Mrs. Ritter Kenneth McMillan as Barney Tony Musante as Pete M. Emmet Walsh as Detective Burns Burt Young as Eddie "Bed Bug Eddie" Grant Jack Kehoe as Detective Walter "Bunky" Ritter Philip Bosco as Paulie's Father Val Avery as Nunzi Joe Grifasi as Jimmy "The Cheese Man" Tony DiBenedetto as Ronnie Ronald Maccone as Nicky Betty Miller as Nora Gerard Murphy as Detective Garber Tony Lip as Frankie Frank Vincent as 1st Crew Chief Ed O'Ross as Bartender At Sal's Jacques Sandulescu as Chef Leonard Termo as Waldo "Fat Waldo" Production This film was originally planned as the first on-screen pairing of actors Robert De Niro and Al Pacino, with De Niro playing Charlie and Pacino playing Paulie. Michael Cimino was initially slated to direct the film. After Rourke and Roberts signed on as the leads, Cimino wanted to finesse the screenplay with some rewriting and restructuring. However, the rewriting would have taken Cimino beyond the mandated start date for shooting, so Cimino and MGM parted ways. The film was released under the title Village Dreams in continental Europe. Reception Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times gave the film three stars, saying, "It's worth seeing for the acting, and it's got some good laughs in it, and New York is colorfully observed, but don't tell me this movie is about human nature, because it's not; it's about acting." The film holds a 77% approval rating on Rotten Tomatoes based on 30 reviews, with an average rating of 7.2/10. The website's critics consensus reads: "Undisciplined direction and a clichéd story prevent The Pope of Greenwich Village from achieving greatness, but it's an entertaining showcase for its stars." Leonard Maltin gave the film three stars, describing it as a "Richly textured, sharply observant film... Page stands out in great supporting cast." Legacy The film is a favorite of the character Vincent Chase on the television show Entourage. References Citations General references Heard, Christopher (2006). "Chapter Six: Iconic Measures". Mickey Rourke: High and Low. London, England: Plexus Publishing Ltd. . Further reading Ebert, Roger (March 6, 1986). "Eric Roberts: Star 86". Chicago Sun-Times. Retrieved 2011-04-21. External links 1980s black comedy films 1980s crime comedy-drama films 1980s heist films 1984 films American black comedy films American crime comedy-drama films American heist films Films based on American novels Films directed by Stuart Rosenberg Films scored by Dave Grusin Films set in New York City Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer films United Artists films 1980s English-language films 1980s American films

4041428

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20W.%20Rosa

John W. Rosa

John William Rosa Jr. (born September 28, 1951) is a retired United States Air Force Lieutenant General who served as President of his alma mater The Citadel in Charleston, South Carolina from 2006 to 2018. While on active duty, Rosa also served as the sixteenth Superintendent of the United States Air Force Academy. Background and education Born in Springfield, Illinois and son of a career United States Navy Chief Petty Officer he attended high school in Jacksonville, Florida and was awarded a football scholarship to The Citadel in Charleston, South Carolina where he won the starting quarterback job his sophomore year until sidelined with a knee injury; he is an initiate of the Theta Commission of the Kappa Alpha Order. Rosa entered the Air Force in May 1973 after receiving his bachelor's degree and his commission (via Air Force ROTC); he earned a master's degree in public administration from Golden Gate University in 1985. Rosa is also a graduate of the Air Force Squadron Officer School, Air Command and Staff College, U.S. Army Command and General Staff College, U.S. Army War College and the Program for Senior Executives in National and International Security Management, John F. Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University. Military assignments After his commissioning, Rosa went to pilot training at Craig Air Force Base, Alabama, followed by fighter training at Holloman Air Force Base, New Mexico. He flew the LTV A-7 Corsair II and Fairchild Republic A-10 Thunderbolt II with the 354th Tactical Fighter Wing at Myrtle Beach Air Force Base, South Carolina then the General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon with the 56th Tactical Fighter Wing at MacDill Air Force Base, Florida; from 1980 to 1983, he served an exchange tour with the Royal Air Force as a pilot in Hunter and Jaguar aircraft at RAF Lossiemouth, Scotland. His command positions have included the 35th Tactical Fighter Squadron, Kunsan Air Base, South Korea; the 366th Operations Support Squadron, Mountain Home Air Force Base, Idaho; 49th Operations Group at Holloman Air Force Base, New Mexico; 20th Fighter Wing, Shaw Air Force Base, South Carolina; and the 347th Rescue Wing, Moody Air Force Base, Georgia. He has also served on staff assignments at Pacific Air Forces, U.S. Air Force headquarters, and was Deputy Director for Operations on the Joint Staff. He also served as Commandant of the Air Command and Staff College and concluded his military career serving as the sixteenth Superintendent of the United States Air Force Academy before retiring from the Air Force in 2005. Rosa is a Command Pilot with more than 3,600 flying hours in the A-7, A-10, the Hunter and Jaguar aircraft, F-16, F-117A, HH-60G and HC-130; he also attended the Instructor Course of the USAF Weapons School. Awards and decorations References External links 1951 births Living people United States Air Force generals Superintendents of the United States Air Force Academy Presidents of The Citadel, The Military College of South Carolina Recipients of the Legion of Merit Golden Gate University alumni Harvard Kennedy School alumni The Citadel Bulldogs football players United States Army Command and General Staff College alumni Recipients of the Air Force Distinguished Service Medal Recipients of the Defense Superior Service Medal People from Jacksonville, Florida People from Springfield, Illinois American football quarterbacks Military personnel from Illinois

4041430

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All-Ireland%20Kick%20Fada%20Championship

All-Ireland Kick Fada Championship

The All-Ireland Kick Fada Championship is an annual tournament testing the skills of Ireland's best Gaelic footballers. Fada is Irish for "long". Until 2012 the Kick Fada was sponsored by MBNA while the DAA will sponsor the event in 2013. The tournament (first played in 2000) is held annually at Bray Emmets GAA club, County Wicklow. In 2012, 19 men and 22 women competed in the competition. The competition starts at the 35 meter mark, with each contestant allowed 3 attempts to kick the ball over the bar. Each contestant can kick from their hands, off the ground or drop-kick the ball. If a contestant fails to kick the ball over the bar in the 3 attempts they are eliminated from the competition. Rounds proceed with the successful contestant from the previous round kicking with the distance increased by a further 5 meters. Whoever can score a point from the furthest distance is the winner. There are separate competitions for men and women. The Kick Fada record, which stands at 72 metres, was achieved by four time champion Mark Herbert from Kildare. Suzanne Hughes from Ballyboden St Endas GAA Club holds the all time female record of 52m from back in 2001. As part of the Kick Fada, famous GAA stars and legends of the past are inducted into the "Hall of Fame" Roll of honour Men Women Hall of Fame Masters Rules The competition is open to all current GAA members over the age of 18. The object of the event is to find the longest yet most accurate kickers of a standard GAA football. The winner of the competition will be the contestant with the longest successful kick. A successful kick is deemed to be one where the ball crosses over the bar and between the posts prior to touching the ground. The ball used will be standard Size 5 for men and Size 4 for ladies. Each kick will be taken from a pre-determined marked distance from the target. The kick may be taken from the hand or from the ground. Players may use a tee if they so wish. The taking of a kick by each remaining contestant as a specific distance will be called a 'round'. There will be a maximum of three rounds per distance. Once a contestant has achieved a successful kick they will be deemed to have qualified for the next round and will not be required to take a further kick at the current distance. Each contestant will take a kick in turn until all remaining members of the group have completed an attempt at the current distance. After a maximum of three rounds at a particular distance the distance will be increased by a pre-determined number of metres and a new round will begin for all successful kickers. If a contestant fails to make any successful kick at a particular distance they will not go forward to the next round. In the event of no contestant achieving a successful kick in a round, there will be a sudden-death playoff of all contestants who qualified for that round. The winners of the competition will have the choice of continuing within the rules, to establish the longest successful kick and attempt to set a new record. The decision of the Kica Fada Event Co-ordinator will be final in the event of a dispute. References External links Bray Emmets club page on the Kick Fada Kick Fada Championship

4041433

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universities%20and%20research%20institutions%20in%20Berlin

Universities and research institutions in Berlin

The Berlin-Brandenburg capital region is one of the most prolific centers of higher education and research in the world. It is the largest concentration of universities and colleges in Germany. The city has four public research universities and 27 private, professional and technical colleges (Hochschulen), offering a wide range of disciplines. Access to the German university system is tuition free. 175,000 students were enrolled in the winter term of 2014/15. Around 20% have an international background. Student figures have grown by 50% in the last 15 years. The Humboldt Universität zu Berlin (HU Berlin) has 34,000 students, the Freie Universität Berlin (Free University of Berlin, FU Berlin) has 34,000 students, and the Technische Universität Berlin (TU Berlin) around 30,000 students. The Universität der Künste (UdK) has about 4,000 students and the Berlin School of Economics and Law has enrollment of about 10,000 students. 40 Nobel Prize winners are affiliated to the Berlin-based universities. History The Prussian Academy of Arts (German: Preußische Akademie der Künste) was an art school set up in Berlin, Brandenburg, in 1694/1696 by prince-elector Frederick III, in personal union Duke Frederick I of Prussia, and later king in Prussia. It had a decisive influence on art and its development in the German-speaking world throughout its existence. It dropped 'Prussian' from its name in 1945 and was finally disbanded in 1955 after the 1954 foundation of two separate academies of art for East Berlin and West Berlin in 1954. Those two separate academies merged in 1993 to form Berlin's present-day Academy of Arts. The Humboldt University of Berlin is one of Berlin's oldest universities, founded in 1810 as the University of Berlin (Universität zu Berlin) by the liberal Prussian educational reformer and linguist Wilhelm von Humboldt, whose university model has strongly influenced other European and Western universities. Universities Public universities There are six big internationally renowned research universities in the Berlin-Brandenburg capital region: Free University of Berlin (FU Berlin), a German University of Excellence (Berlin University Alliance) Humboldt University of Berlin (HU Berlin), a German University of Excellence (Berlin University Alliance) The Charité is a medical school, one of the largest university hospitals in Europe and a German University of Excellence (Berlin University Alliance) Technical University of Berlin (TU Berlin), a German University of Excellence (Berlin University Alliance) Berlin University of the Arts (UdK) is the largest art and design school in Europe University of Potsdam is situated in the south western part of the Berlin urban region Private universities There are six recognized private universities in Berlin: ESCP Europe Wirtschaftshochschule Berlin Hertie School Steinbeis-Hochschule Berlin ESMT European School of Management and Technology International Psychoanalytic University Berlin Universities of applied sciences Berlin has several public or private universities of applied sciences (Hochschulen für angewandte Wissenschaften) Alice Salomon Hochschule Berlin (public) Bard College Berlin Berlin International University of Applied Sciences Berlin School of Economics and Law (public) Berufsakademie Berlin Berlin University of Applied Sciences and Technology (public) CODE University of Applied Sciences design akademie berlin, SRH Hochschule für Kommunikation und Design German Academy for Film and Television Berlin Evangelische Fachhochschule Hochschule für Technik und Wirtschaft Berlin (public) Fachhochschule für Verwaltung und Rechtspflege Berlin Hochschule für Musik Hanns Eisler (public) Hochschule für Schauspielkunst „Ernst Busch“ (public) International Business School Katholische Fachhochschule Katholische Hochschule für Sozialwesen Berlin Weißensee Academy of Art Berlin (public) Mediadesign Hochschule OTA private University of applied sciences Berlin (OTA Hochschule Berlin) Teikyo University, Berlin campus Touro College Berlin Research institutions Berlin has a high density of research institutions, such as the Fraunhofer Society, the Leibniz Association, the Helmholtz Association, and the Max Planck Society, which are independent of, or only loosely connected to its universities. A total number of around 65,000 scientists are working in research and development in 2012. The city is one of the centers of knowledge and innovation communities (Future Information and Communication Society and Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation) of the European Institute of Innovation and Technology (EIT). Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften Biologische Bundesanstalt für Land- und Forstwirtschaft Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) Bundesinstitut für Risikobewertung Telekom Innovation Laboratories (affiliated with TU Berlin) German Archaeological Institute (DAI) Deutsches Bibliotheksinstitut Deutsches Herzzentrum Berlin Deutsches Institut für Urbanistik Ecologic gGmbH Fachinformationszentrum Chemie Institute for Cultural Inquiry Institute of Electronic Business Zuse Institute Berlin (ZIB) Otto Suhr Institute for Political Science (OSI) of the Freie Universität Berlin Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB) Robert Koch Institute (RKI) Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP) Umweltbundesamt Wissenschaftskolleg zu Berlin - Institute for Advanced Study, Berlin Wissenschaftszentrum Berlin für Sozialforschung Wissenschafts- und Wirtschaftsstandort Adlershof Institut für Museumskunde Institut für Ökologische Wirtschaftsforschung gGmbH Institute for Media and Communication Policy Leibniz Institutes Leibniz Sozietät Deutsches Institut für Internationale Pädagogische Forschung (DIPF) German Institute for Economic Research - Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung (DIW) Deutsches Rheumaforschungszentrum Berlin (DRFZ) Leibniz-Institut für Sozialwissenschaften (GESIS) Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften – ISAS – e.V. Natural History Museum, Berlin (MfN) WZB Berlin Social Science Center Under Forschungsverbund Berlin e. V. (FVB) (Research Association of Berlin): Ferdinand-Braun-Institut für Höchstfrequenztechnik Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP) Leibniz-Institut für Gewässerökologie und Binnenfischerei (IGB) Leibniz-Institut für Kristallzüchtung Institut für Zoo- und Wildtierforschung Max-Born-Institut für Nichtlineare Optik und Kurzzeitspektroskopie (MBI) Paul-Drude-Institut für Festkörperelektronik, Leibniz-Institut (PDI) Weierstraß-Institut für Angewandte Analysis und Stochastik (WIAS) Helmholtz centers Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin (BESSY) Institut für Planetenforschung of the Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt Max-Planck Institutes Fritz Haber Institute of the MPG (FHI) Max Planck Institute for Human Development Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics (MOLGEN) Max Planck Institute for the History of Science Archiv zur Geschichte der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft Fraunhofer Institutes Fraunhofer-Institut für Nachrichtentechnik Heinrich-Hertz-Institut (HHI) Sino-German Mobile Communications Institute Fraunhofer-Institut für offene Kommunikationssysteme (FOKUS) Fraunhofer-Institut für Produktionsanlagen und Konstruktionstechnik (IPK) Fraunhofer-Institut für Rechnerarchitektur und Softwaretechnik (integrated into FOKUS in 2012) Fraunhofer-Institut für Software- und Systemtechnik (integrated into FOKUS in 2012) Fraunhofer-Institut für Zuverlässigkeit und Mikrointegration (IZM) Nobel Prize winners There are 43 Nobel laureates affiliated to the Berlin-based Universities: See also Science and technology in Germany Education in Germany List of universities in Germany References List of universities, colleges, and research institutions in Berlin List of universities, colleges, and research institutions Universities, colleges, and research institutions Berlin, List of universities, colleges, and research institutions in

4041439

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph%20Yodoyman

Joseph Yodoyman

Joseph Yodoyman (1950 – November 22, 1993) was a Chadian politician and civil servant, who held the post of Prime Minister under President Idriss Déby from 1992 to 1993. Originally from southern Chad, he graduated at the Institut international de l'administration publique (IIAP) of Paris. In Chad he became Civil Service Director, until the collapse of all central authority in 1979. In the same year he was made member of the newly formed Comité Permanente du Sud, the de facto government of Southern Chad. He eventually left the post when he entered in November in the Transitional Government of National Unity (GUNT) as deputy secretary-general. In July 1981 he was promoted, becoming the GUNT's secretary of state for Interior. When Hissène Habré formed his first cabinet on October 21, 1982, after having overthrown the GUNT, Yodoyman remained in the cabinet as Minister of Planning. In March 1984 Habré entrusted him with an important mission to Brazzaville and Paris, meant to sound the Southern opposition leaders and verify the possibilities of reaching an accord with them. After the fall of Habré, President Idriss Déby selected Yodoyman as his second Prime Minister on May 20, 1992, replacing Jean Alingué Bawoyeu. In July Yodoyman was expelled from his party, the National Alliance for Democracy and Development (ANDD), which accused him of an "authoritarian, even totalitarian, drift". Yodoyman rebutted that he refused to be "the hostage of any party". and founded a new party, the National Alliance for Democracy and Renewal (in French Alliance Nationale pour la Démocratie et le Renouveau). He remained in office until April 7, 1993, when Fidèle Moungar, who had been elected by the National Conference, took his place. He died a few months later, on November 22. References 1950 births 1993 deaths Government ministers of Chad Heads of government of Chad

4041444

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apo%20Island

Apo Island

Apo Island is a volcanic island covering 74 hectares in land area, 7 kilometers off the southeastern tip of Negros Island and 30 kilometers south of the Negros Oriental capital of Dumaguete in the Philippines. The name "Apo" means "elder" or "respected ancestor" in the Visayan languages. The marine habitat around the island is a marine reserve, protected by the National Integrated Protected Area Act (NIPA) and under the jurisdiction of the Protected Area Management Board (PAMB). It has become a popular dive site and snorkeling destination with tourists. There are two resorts on Apo Island, each with a dive center: Apo Island Beach Resort and Liberty's Lodge. There is also a ranger station and a lighthouse. The island is under the jurisdiction of the municipality of Dauin, Negros Oriental, and is one of the municipality's 23 barangays. As of the 2010 census, the island has a population of 918. Geography and climate Apo Island is located off the southeastern tip of Negros Island, 7 kilometers from the town of Zamboanguita, and 25 kilometers south of the Negros Oriental capital Dumaguete. Extending approximately 1.5 km (0.9 mi) from north to south and 1 km (0.6 mi) from east to west, the island has a land area of approximately 74 hectares and rises to a height of 120 meters (390 feet) above sea level at its highest point. It can be reached by a 30-minute motorized boat ride from the village of Malatapay, Zamboanguita, Negros Oriental. Marine sanctuary and tourism Apo Island was a community-organized marine sanctuaries, and as such it has been well documented by the global science community. The project was started when Dr. Angel Alcala, a marine scientist from the Silliman University Marine Laboratory introduced to the local fishermen the importance of creating a marine sanctuary in the area. Initially, there was hesitation on the part of the locals, but after a three-year dialogue, Dr. Alcala convinced the island community to establish the sanctuary. Assisted by the staff of the SU Marine Laboratory in 1982, the local fishermen selected an area along 450 meters of shoreline and extending 500 meters from shore as the sanctuary site. Since then, the project initiated on the island led to the creation of hundreds of other marine sanctuaries in the Philippines. At present, the island is home to over 650 documented species of fish and estimated to have over 400 species of corals. Most of the Philippines' 450 species of coral can be found here, from tiny bubble corals to huge gorgonian sea fans and brain corals. Visitors and tourists pay a fee to enter Apo Island and to snorkel or dive in the marine sanctuary there. These fees are used to keep the sanctuary clean and in good condition. In 2003, Chicago's Shedd Aquarium opened a Wild Reef exhibit based on Apo Island's surrounding reef and marine sanctuary. In 2008, Sport Diver Magazine listed Apo Island as one of the top 100 diving spots in the world. As of 2017, the fish sanctuary, at the southeastern part of the island was closed "temporarily" since 2014 for the reason of super typhoon Haiyan that has destroyed the shallow coral reef. This beach is indeed facing the ocean and is now banned from snorkelling and the place is now used to park fishing boats. Though the island is not a marine reserve, only the local population have the right to catch fish. The main advantages on the island is indeed the facilities for diving residing on the island (with tanks and compressors) and the protection of sea turtles where more than 60 are recorded, and an amazing diversity of soft and hard corals. In the north part of the island, currents offer exceptionally clear waters even during the planktonic season (December thru March) with a school of jacks, 13 barracudas, few groupers located near Coconut diving spot. See also List of protected areas of the Philippines References Islands of Negros Oriental Underwater diving sites in the Philippines Barangays of Negros Oriental Tourist attractions in Negros Oriental Protected landscapes and seascapes of the Philippines

4041447

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph%20Davidovits

Joseph Davidovits

Joseph Davidovits (born 23 March 1935) is a French materials scientist known for the invention of geopolymer chemistry. He posited that the blocks of the Great Pyramid are not carved stone but mostly a form of limestone concrete or man-made stone. He holds the Ordre National du Mérite. Limestone concrete hypothesis Davidovits believes that the blocks of the pyramid are not carved stone, but mostly a form of limestone concrete and that they were "cast" as with modern concrete. According to this hypothesis, soft limestone with a high kaolinite content was quarried in the wadi on the south of the Giza Plateau. The limestone was then dissolved in large, Nile-fed pools until it became a watery slurry. Lime (found in the ash of cooking fires) and natron (also used by the Egyptians in mummification) were mixed in. The pools were then left to evaporate, leaving behind a moist, clay-like mixture. This wet "concrete" would be carried to the construction site where it would be packed into reusable wooden moulds and in a few days would undergo a chemical reaction similar to the curing of concrete. New blocks, he suggests, could be cast in place, on top of and pressed against the old blocks. Proof-of-concept tests using similar compounds were carried out at a geopolymer institute in northern France and it was found that a crew of five to ten, working with simple hand tools, could agglomerate a structure of five, 1.3 to 4.5 ton blocks in a couple of weeks. He also claims that the Famine Stele, along with other hieroglyphic texts, describe the technology of stone agglomeration. Davidovits's method is not accepted by the academic mainstream. His method does not explain the granite stones, weighing well over 10 tons, above the King's Chamber, which he agrees were carved. Geologists have carefully scrutinized Davidovits's suggested technique and concluded his concrete came from natural limestone quarried in the Mokattam Formation. However, Davidovits alleges that the bulk of the soft limestone came from the same natural Mokkatam Formation quarries found by geologists, and insists that ancient Egyptians used the soft marly layer instead of the hard layer to re-agglomerate stones. Davidovits's hypothesis gained support from Michel Barsoum, a materials science researcher. Michel Barsoum and his colleagues at Drexel University published their findings supporting Davidovits's hypothesis in the Journal of the American Ceramic Society in 2006. Using scanning electron microscopy, they discovered in samples of the limestone pyramid blocks mineral compounds and air bubbles that do not occur in natural limestone. More recently, another study has found the presence of carbon clusters of size ranging between 5 µm and 50 µm in samples of the Khufu pyramid that were identified with a nuclear microprobe and seem to indicate that the clusters are of organic origin. Their location in the pyramid samples coincide with the position of other clusters containing sodium. This situation is completely absent in limestone samples that were collected from stone in the limestone quarries of Tura and Maadi. The study concludes that “...all these observations fit with the model of construction created by Davidovits, who states that the blocks of the Khufu pyramid were cast in situ using granular limestone aggregates, natron, lime (probably produced by the combustion of wood in domestic fires) and water to produce an alkali alumino–silicate based binder.” Dipayan Jana, a petrographer, made a presentation to the ICMA (International Cement Microscopy Association) in 2007 and gave a paper in which he discusses Davidovits's and Barsoum's work and concludes "we are far from accepting even as a remote possibility a 'man-made' origin of pyramid stones." See also Great Pyramids of Giza Pyramids Egyptian pyramid construction techniques Bibliography References 1935 births Living people French Egyptologists Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz alumni French materials scientists

4041456

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Can%20of%20Worms%20%28film%29

Can of Worms (film)

Can of Worms is a science fiction comedy film and is part of the Disney Channel Original Movie lineup. It premiered on Disney Channel on April 10, 1999, and is based on the novel of the same name by Kathy Mackel, which was a Young Reader's Choice Nominee in 2002 and a nominee for the 2001 Rhode Island Children's Book Award. It is also the first Disney Channel Original Movie to be rated TV-PG. Plot Mike Pillsbury is a teenage boy who believes that he is an alien and does not belong on Earth. Mike is injured during a football game and sees an alien as part of a hallucination. Mike wonders if football is the right sport for him, but his father, a former football player, insists he stick with the sport. Mike is surprised when Katelyn Sandman, a popular girl at school, requests his help decorating the school for an upcoming Halloween dance party. Mike's foe, Scott Schriebner, who is a player on Mike's football team and a friend of Katelyn, sabotages the light and music equipment during the Halloween party. Mike, upset about the party, leaves and uses a satellite dish to send a message to outer space asking to be rescued. Lightning subsequently destroys the satellite dish. The next day, an alien dog named Barnabus appears, with the ability to speak through a translating device. Barnabus explains that because of Mike, the stargate door has been opened. Barnabus tells Mike that he represents a galactic organization specializing in disaster relief and rights violations, and that he has arrived to answer Mike's plea to be taken off the planet. Barnabus explains that time is limited, as other aliens with ulterior motives are traveling through the stargate to find Mike. Mike, who believes he is hallucinating, later meets The Bom, an alien lawyer insistent on having Mike sue Earth for millions of galactic credits for pain and suffering due to the planet's substandard living conditions. During a telephone conversation with Katelyn, Mike is disgusted by The Bom's way of consuming food, leading Katelyn to believe that Mike is distracted and not listening to her. The Bom angrily leaves after Mike refuses to sue. Mike's friend Nick believes that Mike is going crazy after being told about the aliens. When Barnabus is informed of The Bom's visit, he tells Mike that he opened a can of worms by sending his message, as it signaled to the universe that Earth has advanced to a certain technological level. Because of this, Barnabus says Earth is no longer eligible for intergalactic protection for primitive life. Mike accepts Barnabus' offer to take him to a place where he can be alone, but first tries to make amends with Katelyn. However, the Loafer Alien arrives and prevents Mike from meeting with Katelyn, who believes he has rudely ignored her after insisting that they talk. The alien proposes becoming Mike's agent, representing him throughout the galaxy and eventually having him star in a weekly television show about his life as an immigrant. Mike declines the offer. Nick is stunned when multiple aliens arrive with various offers for Mike. Katelyn visits Mike's house and becomes aware of the aliens. Mike prepares to make a deal with one of the aliens to be taken off the planet, but the aliens retreat as a Thoad – a dangerous alien that enjoys capturing rare specimens – approaches. Nick's young brother Jay unexpectedly arrives and is sucked into the stargate by the Thoad, and taken to the alien's home planet. Barnabus says the Thoad will continue capturing specimens until he finds the perfect one. The children ask Scott to act as bait for the Thoad in order to get through the stargate to the Thoad planet, where the Thoad is safe from intergalactic authorities. Scott is initially skeptical about the children's alien claims, but they convince him that he is the perfect specimen for the job. The stargate opens to pull Scott in, briefly allowing Barnabus and the other children to go through it as well. Barnabus and the three children end up in a cave where the Thoad keeps his zoo of captured species from other planets. Among the specimens is an alien identical to the ones Mike described in his stories, although he is not sure how he could have knowledge of such a creature. The Thoad, in his human form, confronts Barnabus and the children. The Thoad transforms into his frog-like alien form, but is then temporarily contained within a cage. Mike uses the Thoad's key to release the captured specimens, including Scott and Jay. Barnabus and the children return to Earth, but the stargate stays open long enough for the Thoad to follow them. Barnabus contacts the intergalactic police to have the Thoad arrested. At a football game, Barnabus informs Mike that his transmission has been deemed accidental and that Earth is classified again as a protected planet. Though Barnabus offers to take Mike with him, Mike accepts that Earth is his home and says farewell to his friend. Cast Michael Shulman as Mike Pillsbury Erika Christensen as Katelyn Sandman Adam Wylie as Nick Andrew Ducote as Jay Garrett M. Brown as Dana Pillsbury, Mike's Father Lee Garlington as Pamela Pillsbury, Mike's Mother Brighton Hertford as Jill Pillsbury, Mike's Sister Marcus Turner as Scott Schriebner Chris Davies as Ryan Marie Stillin as Mrs. Nickerson, Teacher In Mike's Computer Class. Jessica Murdoch as Katelyn's Friend Terry David Mulligan as Coach Trembly Hrogather Matthews as Thoad's Human Form Brian Steele as Thoad's Creature Form Voice Cast Malcolm McDowell as Barnabus, an alien resembling a dog. Bruce Lanoil as The Bom, an alien lawyer that offers to help Mike file a lawsuit against Earth. Wally Wingert as The Loafer Alien, that wants to adapt Mike's life into a TV series. David Coburn as The Jarm, an alien that wants Mike to market his "Jarmonica" slicing utensil. Tara Charendoff as Lula, an alien that wants to date Mike. Peter Kelamis as Intergalactic Cop JD Hall as Thoad's Creature Form Production After her first rewrite on the film's script, Kathy Mackel was replaced by a new writer who did three rewrites. However, Disney was not impressed with the script and rehired Mackel, although very few of her suggestions were used for the script. Mackel subsequently contested for sole screenwriting credit on the script and won through the Writers Guild arbitration process. The film was shot in Vancouver, British Columbia. Prosthetic and animatronic effects were used for the film, and were provided by Steve Johnson's XFX Group and Stargate Films, Inc. Reception In December 2015, Megan Daley of Entertainment Weekly ranked Can of Worms at number 25 on a list of the top 30 Disney Channel Original Movies. Daley wrote, "While Can of Worms isn't as iconic of a PG-fright fest as Halloweentown, it does have a Malcolm McDowell-voiced pup — and an alien has never been so friendly and adorable. (Bonus points for a special appearance by a pre-Parenthood Erika Christensen.)" In May 2016, Aubrey Page of Collider reviewed each Disney Channel Original Movie released up to that point and placed Can of Worms at number 38. Page praised the film's "surprisingly creepy alien creatures" and noted the involvement of Paul Schneider, Mark Mothersbaugh and Malcolm McDowell, writing, "There's a lot of talent at work here in Can of Worms. [...] But that's not to say this one is good – it isn't. In fact, I certainly wouldn't have remembered this one at all if [the film's] wildly creative creatures hadn't kept me awake for a long, sleepless night in 1999." In December 2017, Doug Walker reviewed the movie for Disneycember and declared it as the weirdest thing Disney Channel has ever put on TV. He considered the movie to be bad through its horrendous story, stupid writing and characters, and the annoying over-the-top acting particularly from Michael Shulman as Mike Pillsbury. The only thing he praised about the movie was the design of the aliens. The best way he could think to describe the movie is "The Santa Claus Conquers the Martians of Disney Channel movies." Re-airing Although not shown for many years, the film was broadcast as part of Disney Channel's 2006 "Hauntober Fest" in October. On October 23, 2007, the film reappeared as part of the Halloween film line-up on the Disney Channel. The film was a part of "Wiztober" in 2008 and 2009, which is a mix of Halloween films. Also, the film was re-aired on Disney Channel on October 9, 2011 as part of Disney's "Monstober" event, and on October 6, 2015. The film was also aired in May 2016, as part of Disney Channel's celebration of 100 Disney Channel Original Movies. The film, among other largely unseen DCOMs of the late 90s and early 2000s, was made available on Disney+. Notes References External links 1990s science fiction comedy films 1999 television films 1999 films American science fiction comedy films Disney Channel Original Movie films Films about extraterrestrial life Films based on American novels Puppet films Films scored by Mark Mothersbaugh Alien visitations in films American science fiction television films 1990s English-language films Films directed by Paul Schneider (director) 1990s American films

4041484

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean%20Alingu%C3%A9%20Bawoyeu

Jean Alingué Bawoyeu

Jean Alingué Bawoyeu (born August 18, 1937), known in French as the vieux sage, which translates as "wise elder", is a Chadian politician who was Prime Minister of Chad from 1991 to 1992. During the 1970s, he served successively as Ambassador to the United States and France. Later, he was President of the National Assembly in 1990. He served in the government as Minister of Justice from 2008 to 2010 and as Minister of Posts and New Information Technologies from 2010 to 2013. A Christian, his base of support is in Tandjilé, in southern Chad, from which he originates. Early career Alingué was born at Fort Lamy in 1937. A largely self-educated man, he started his career by entering the civil service in 1953, where he first served as a clerk in the capital's city treasury. Five years later he had risen to the position of city controller, and, with the independence of Chad from France, he attended the National Treasury School, in Paris between 1960 and 1961. On his return to Chad in 1961 he was made Treasury Inspector and Advisor to the Director of Public Accounts. Alingué kept these posts for three years, after which he was promoted, in 1966, to the rank of Treasurer General of Chad, where he remained for ten years. In 1974 he was assigned to the diplomatic service and sent to New York City as ambassador to the United Nations and the United States, and remained there until he was recalled in 1977. He was then Ambassador to France from 1977 to 1979. Following the disintegration of all central authority after the first battle of N'Djamena in 1979, he became secretary-general of the Comité Permanente du Sud, the de facto government of southern Chad led by Wadel Abdelkader Kamougué. In 1982 Bawoyeu was briefly tapped by Goukouni Oueddei to be his minister of finance. In June 1983, after the Comité's fall in 1982, he formed, with other southerners who had held important posts under the governments of François Tombalbaye and Félix Malloum, an opposition party, the Groupe des patriotes et democrates tchadiens. On April 27, 1984, in Lagos, the group signed an accord with the Forces Populares et Revolutionnaires du Tchad, with the goal of forming a third force, opposed to both the Chadian government and the GUNT insurgents. President of the National Assembly and Prime Minister Reconciled with the government, Alingué became president of the constitutional commission created by President Hissène Habré on July 8, 1988. The commission was charged with drafting a new constitution, which involved making a national inquiry that included missions and questionnaires. The new constitution was eventually approved by referendum on December 10, 1989. Under this constitution, a parliamentary election was held in July 1990, and Alingué was elected to the National Assembly. When the new National Assembly first met on August 5, 1990, it elected Alingué as President of the National Assembly. When, on December 1, 1990, Habré and much of his government fled the capital before the advancing rebel forces of Idriss Déby, Alingué, as the highest ranking civilian authority left in N'Djamena, appealed for calm on the national radio and announced that he had assumed the lead of an interim government composed of fellow assemblymen and protected by the French troops stationed in the country. He also added that he had already started negotiations with General Déby and invited the government forces to depose their arms. Alingué refused on the occasion to assume the post of Head of State as he was entitled by the constitution in case of vacancy of the presidency, and instead was content to prepare for Déby's arrival. When later in his political career he was accused of having shown weakness and timidity in taking this course, he answered that if he had taken the office he would have plunged the country into a useless bloodbath. Talks between Alingué and Déby on the passage of powers began the next day, when Déby's forces rolled into the capital. On December 6, Déby, as new leader of Chad, dissolved the National Assembly and formed a new interim government composed of a 33-member Council of State, which included Alingué among its members. On March 4, 1991, Déby was proclaimed President of Chad and he proceeded to dissolve the Council of State the day after. In the new government Alingué was given the largely impotent office of Prime Minister, a post he held until May 20, 1992, when he was replaced by Joseph Yodoyman, like him a Chadian Southerner. This dismissal was felt by Alingué as an act of political ingratitude, transforming him through time into a staunch opponent of the president. During his period in office, in October 1991, the Council of Ministers adopted recommendations leading to the registration of political parties, thus putting an end to the single-party system. Birth of the UDR While still Prime Minister, he founded one of the first new political parties, the Union for Democracy and Republic (UDR);, of which he was elected president in March 1992, prior to the party's official recognition. the organization was readily considered among Chad's most prominent political parties. Alingué united his party with a study group created in April 1991 in Moyen-Chari by a number of young local cadres and intellectuals, among whom was Koibla Djimasta, who became Prime Minister in 1995. This alliance made the UDR a conglomerate of political fiefs, uniting Alingué's personal Tandjilé base with his allies following in Moyen-Chari. This alliance began breaking up in 1996 on the issue of the approval or not of the proposed constitution. In the ensuing referendum, Djimasta campaigned actively in his region for the "yes", while Alingué became a leading spokesman for the "no" front. Alingué had previously favored a "yes" vote, but apparently was later forced to side with the "no" vote by his party that put him in minority in March 1996. This defection was later followed by that of another key Moyen-Chari UDR politician, Abdoulaye Djonouma, marking the breakup of the Moyen-Chari-Tandjilé coalition and reducing Alingué's UDR to a mere regional party. Before the referendum, Alingué had played a significant role during the convening of the National Sovereign Conference (CNS) in 1993. He acted there as a spokesman for the members representing the political parties, presiding over the conclusive rounds of talks that beginning on March 7 were to define the last issues on the tables. In particular, he played an important role in putting an end to the serious deadlock that emerged regarding the composition and the size of the transitional legislature that was to remain in office until elections were held. After many fruitless votes, Alingué, speaking for the political parties, imposed a compromise proposal, on which no negotiation or debate was accepted. Elections Under the UDR's banner Alingué presented himself on June 2, 1996, as a candidate for the country's first competitive presidential election since independence, coming fourth with 8.31% of the vote. Alingué, together with the other 14 opposition candidates, attempted to have the first round of the elections annulled for alleged massive frauds and falsifications favouring President Déby, but their joint petition to the Court of Appeal was rejected on June 19; Alingué then, with other candidates, invited the electors to boycott the second round. His party, the UDR, took part in the 1997 parliamentary election, obtaining four seats. He showed himself, in 1998, to be a staunch advocate for the disengagement of Chadian troops from the Congo War, arguing that, since there was no defensive accord between Chad and Congo-Kinshasa, there was no legal basis for the presence of Chadian troops in Congo. He participated in the presidential election held on May 20, 2001, but finished last, receiving only 2.05%, losing 26% in his Tandjilé stronghold and 14% in N'Djamena compared with 1996. With all the opposition candidates he denounced the elections, asking for a rerun. His party, the UDR, boycotted the 2002 parliamentary election, and did the same for the 2005 constitutional referendum. When the results of the latter were published, declared that the results were fixed and accused Déby of attempting to set up a political dynasty. On March 26, 2005, the Public Security and Immigration Minister Abderahmane Moussa withdrew Alingué's passport, claiming that it was not valid, and thus prevented him from leaving Chad to participate in an important gathering of the main opposition leaders in Paris on March 27, 2005. Opposition newspapers argued that the passport was valid, reporting a statement by Alingué, who said that he had travelled with the same passport since 2002 without anybody questioning its validity. In the government of Prime Minister Youssouf Saleh Abbas, which was announced on April 23, 2008, Alingué was appointed as Minister of Justice. He was one of four members of the Coordination of Political Parties for Defense of the Constitution opposition coalition to be included in the government. He was instead appointed as Minister of Posts and New Information Technologies in 2010, serving in that post until he was dismissed from the government in January 2013. References 1937 births Living people Ambassadors of Chad to France Ambassadors of Chad to the United States People from N'Djamena Presidents of the National Assembly (Chad) Union for Democracy and the Republic (Chad) politicians Heads of government of Chad Finance ministers of Chad Justice ministers of Chad

4041499

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Upper%20Gangetic%20Plains%20moist%20deciduous%20forests

Upper Gangetic Plains moist deciduous forests

The Upper Gangetic Plains moist deciduous forests is a tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests ecoregion of northern India. Geography It lies on the alluvial plain of the Ganges and Yamuna rivers, with an area of , covering most of the state of Uttar Pradesh and adjacent portions of Uttarakhand, Haryana, Madhya Pradesh and Bihar. The ecoregion is bounded on the north by the Himalayan subtropical pine forests, Terai-Duar savannas and grasslands and Himalayan subtropical broadleaf forests of the Himalaya foothills, to the west by the drier Northwestern thorn scrub forests and Khathiar-Gir dry deciduous forests, on the south by the Narmada Valley dry deciduous forests of the Malwa and Bundelkhand uplands, and on the east by the more humid Lower Gangetic Plains moist deciduous forests. The ecoregion is home to several large cities, including Delhi, Agra, Kanpur, Lucknow, Gwalior, and Varanasi. Climate The ecoregion has a subtropical climate. Rainfall is highly seasonal, falling mainly during the June-to-September southwest monsoon. Flora In ancient times the region was mostly covered with moist deciduous forests, with trees that lose their leaves during the winter dry season. sal (Shorea robusta) is predominant tree. Mature trees form a canopy 25 to 35 metres. Other trees include Terminalia tomentosa, Terminalia belerica, Lagerstroemia parviflora, Adina cordifolia, Dillenia pentagyna, Stereospermum suaveolens, and Ficus spp. Where the land has been disturbed by flood, fire, or livestock grazing there are areas of grassland or savanna, with the grasses Saccharum spontaneum, Saccharum narenga, Saccharum benghalense, and Vetiveria zizanioides. Fauna There are 79 known species of mammals in the ecoregion. Large mammals, including tiger (Panthera tigris), Indian rhinoceros (Rhinoceros unicornis), Asian elephant (Elephas maximus), wild water buffalo (Bubalus arnee), chousingha (Tetracerus quadricornis), swamp deer (Rucervus duvaucelii), and sloth bear (Melursus ursinus), once roamed the ecoregion. Habitat destruction has mostly extirpated them from the ecoregion. Small populations of tiger, Asian elephant, sloth bear, and chousingha persist in the few remaining forested areas at the foot of the Himalayas. There are over 290 species of birds, including the great Indian bustard (Ardeotis nigriceps), lesser florican (Sypheotides indicus), Indian grey hornbill (Ocyceros birostris), and Oriental pied hornbill (Anthracoceros albirostris). Wetlands along the Ganges River and its tributaries support communities of resident and migrant waterfowl, along with mugger crocodile (Crocodylus palustris) and gharial (Gavialis gangeticus). The ecoregion's large rivers are home to the endangered Ganges river dolphin (Platanista gangetica gangetica). Conservation The ecoregion is currently densely populated, and the fertile plains have largely been converted to intensive agriculture, with only a few enclaves of forest remaining. A 2017 assessment found that 3,544 km², or 1%, of the ecoregion is in protected areas. Protected areas in the ecoregion include: Jim Corbett National Park National Chambal Sanctuary Rajaji National Park Hastinapur Wildlife Sanctuary Karera Wildlife Sanctuary Ranipur Sanctuary Ken Gharial Sanctuary Kishanpur Wildlife Sanctuary Sohagi Barwa Wildlife Sanctuary See also Ecoregions of India References External links Ecoregions of India Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests Forests of India Environment of Uttar Pradesh Environment of Bihar Environment of Haryana Environment of Madhya Pradesh Environment of Uttarakhand Indomalayan ecoregions

4041504

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve%20Speirs

Steve Speirs

Steve Speirs (born Steven Roberts, 22 February 1965) is a Welsh actor and writer who has appeared in films such as Star Wars: Episode I – The Phantom Menace and Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Man's Chest. Early life He was born as Steven Roberts in Troed-y-rhiw, a village now in the borough of Merthyr Tydfil, Wales and went to school at Afon Taf High School where he found a taste for drama. He joined the National Youth Theatre of Wales and studied drama at Loughborough University. He says he took his stage name, Speirs, from the surname of a lecturer at college. Career Since graduating from university, Speirs has played Sloan in Eragon, Andy Fellows in Making Waves and with Ricky Gervais in Extras, as well as playing Captain Tarpals in Star Wars: Episode I – The Phantom Menace and having a small role in Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Man's Chest. He appears in Kröd Mändoon and the Flaming Sword of Fire, a comedy fantasy series in which he plays Loquasto, an oafish servant, "who belongs to a race of pig-like creatures known as Grobble". He wrote his first film, Caught in the Act, in 2008 and starred in it as the lead character. Based on his memories of growing up in south Wales, it was filmed in the Merthyr Tydfil area. Speirs often goes by the name of "Dullard" in honour of his role in Extras, as he considers the character a mirror of himself. Speirs also appeared in the Gervais and Stephen Merchant film Cemetery Junction released in 2010, a part which was written particularly for him. Speirs also starred as the bouncer at Mother McOakley's Tavern in Burke and Hare, a British black comedy directed by John Landis and released (in the United Kingdom) in October 2010. He also starred in a CBBC show called Sadie J where he portrayed Sadie's dad, a mechanic. Other roles which Speirs is known for include his portrayal of Bernard Bresslaw in Cor, Blimey!, Big Alan Williams in Stella and Colour Sergeant Wormwood in Sharpe's Peril. He also appears as a postman on the last episode of Miranda season 3. Speirs played depressed geography teacher and caretaker Mr Gareth Barber in the BBC One sitcom Big School for two series in 2013 and 2014. In 2013, Spiers played PC McClintock in the Christmas TV film Gangsta Granny, an adaptation of the book written by David Walliams. He played the role of Dad in the 2014 TV film The Boy in the Dress, also written by Walliams. In 2015 he appeared in the TV spin off The Bad Education Movie playing Don alongside the main cast of Bad Education as well as many other guests in the movie. The same year, he also appeared in the pilot of the radio sitcom Ankle Tag, which went on to air three series in 2017, 2018 and 2020. In 2016 he appeared in Ben Elton's BBC One comedy series Upstart Crow playing Richard Burbage , the actor and leader of Will's acting company. He has continued in this role for three series ( 2016, 2017 & 2018) with two Christmas spin-offs in 2017 & 2018 and in the London West End in Elton's stage version of the show titled The Upstart Crow. He has created, written and starred in The Tuckers for BBC Wales and BBC iPlayer. In 1998 he appeared in the video for the Super Furry Animals song Ice Hockey Hair. Personal life Speirs lives in Brighton, East Sussex. He has two sons, Jack and Lewes with his first wife. He remarried and has a son and a daughter with his second wife Joanna. His brother is opera singer Jeffrey Lloyd Roberts. Filmography Film Television References External links Steve Speirs at the British Film Institute 1965 births Living people Alumni of Loughborough University Welsh male film actors Welsh male television actors People from Merthyr Tydfil

4041510

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio%20Alice

Radio Alice

Radio Alice was an Italian free radio broadcasting from Bologna at the end of the 1970s. It started transmitting on 9 February 1976 using an ex-military transmitter on a frequency of 100.6 MHz. The station founders were associated with the Italian counter-culture movement of 1977 and drew inspiration from the Situationists and Dada. Franco "Bifo" Berardi, one of the founders, described Radio Alice as a "mix between a classical medium of militant information and a sort of art experiment in media sabotage." The station was closed by the carabinieri on 12 March 1977. Radio Alice then re-opened again for two years and became politically aligned with the autonomism movement. After closure, the frequency was then given by the state to Radio Radicale. Radio Alice's output covered a myriad of subjects: labor protests, poetry, yoga lessons, political analysis, love declarations, cooking recipes, Jefferson Airplane, Area or Beethoven music. Participants in the station included Franco "Bifo" Berardi, Maurizio Torrealta, Filippo Scòzzari, Paolo Ricci and Carlo Rovelli. In 2002 some former staff members participated in the founding of Orfeo TV, the first Telestreet unlicensed TV. The work of Radio Alice inspired the founders of Novara Media. See also Autonomism Lavorare con lentezza, a 2004 Italian film about Radio Alice by Guido Chiesa Wu Ming References Alice è il diavolo - Storia di una radio sovversiva, 1976, L'Erba Voglio (2002, Shake Edizioni) External links Watch Lavorare con lentezza Le Radio Locali: una esperienza comunicativa per il pubblico giovanile (1975-77) by Massimo Lualdi (Italian) 'a day in the life of Radio Alice' Interview with Bifo about the Radio Il corrispondente operaio, a newsletter published by Radio Alice Autonomism Mass media in Bologna Pirate radio stations Radio stations in Italy 1976 establishments in Italy 1979 disestablishments in Italy Radio stations established in 1976 Radio stations disestablished in 1979 Defunct mass media in Italy

4041513

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barker%20Bill%27s%20Trick%20Shooting

Barker Bill's Trick Shooting

Barker Bill's Trick Shooting is a light gun shooter video game developed and published by Nintendo for the Nintendo Entertainment System in 1990. Gameplay Barker Bill's Trick Shooting consists of four carnival-type game modes in which the player uses a NES Zapper to shoot various objects for points. Higher scores are given for more daring shots: those on the verge of disappearing or breaking award the most points. The game modes consist of: Balloon Saloon The player attempts to shoot balloons flying away while avoiding hitting the dog from Duck Hunt. Ballons are worth 100 points each. Flying Saucers Barker Bill and his assistant Trixie will toss plates across the screen. Shoot the plates while avoiding Bill, Trixie, and the parrot. Plates are scored according to how close they are to the floor: from 100 very high up to 500 just above the floor. Window Pains Assorted objects will fall down a screen full of windows, but some of the windows are closed, blocking the player's shots. He can only hit objects through open windows. Hits are scored according to the row the object is hit: from 100 at the top row to 500 on the bottom. Fun Follies This involves progressing through the previous three in turn followed by two additional stages: Trixie's Shot (first seen in stage 4) Trixie walks around the screen and occasionally presents coins. Shoot the coins while trying not to hit her or the parrot. Points range from 100 to 500 points depending on how quickly they're shot after being presented; any coin she tosses away is always worth 500 points. After playing Trixie's Shot, provided at least one diamond was earned, the player will go to a slot machine; pull the trigger to stop the slots. This is the only way to win extra chances in Fun Follies. Diamonds that the player collected in earlier stages (which do not give him extra chances in Fun Follies) allow for more winning lines and a better chance at a big prize. The player is awarded for all winning lines, allowing the potential (with at least two diamonds) for up to 15 extra chances. Bill's Thrills (first seen in stage 9) Bill will throw objects like eggs and tomatoes high up. Hit them before they reach Trixie, but be careful of the parrot again. Scoring is higher due to the difficulty and depends on the size of the object thrown: from 800 for the relatively large tomato to 1,500 for the tiny egg. The player will start each game with ten chances. Except during Fun Follies, they can gain a life by shooting a diamond. The player lose one chance for committing each of the following: Failing to hit a target. Hitting the wrong thing (such as a person or animal). The game is over when the player runs out of chances. Music The soundtrack was composed by Hirokazu Tanaka, who had worked on the music for earlier Nintendo games such as Balloon Fight and Duck Hunt. The high scores music from the VS versions of these games was later remixed by Tanaka in Trick Shooting. The only difference is that the song is now in the key of C# rather than C. The game uses Tanaka's later sound engine, with digitized drum samples. Reception Allgame gave the game a score of 3.5 stars out of 5. Game Freaks 365 gave it a rating of 83% (the equivalent of a B grade) in their 2005 review. See also List of Famicom games List of NES games References External links Barker Bill's Trick Shooting at NinDB 1990 video games Light gun games Nintendo Entertainment System games Nintendo Entertainment System-only games Nintendo games Nintendo Research & Development 1 games Video games based on television series Video games developed in Japan Video games scored by Hirokazu Tanaka

4041519

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Area%20code%20602

Area code 602

North American area code 602 is a state of Arizona telephone area code that covers most of the city of Phoenix. Originally established as Arizona's only area code, splits in 1995 and 1999 cleaved off numbers outside of metropolitan Phoenix (now in area codes 520 and 928) and the eastern and western portions of the metropolitan area (creating area codes 480 and 623, respectively). In 2023, 480 and 623 are scheduled to be turned into overlay area codes for most of metropolitan Phoenix, effectively reversing the 1999 split. This will result in the implementation of mandatory 10-digit dialing in the current 602 and 623 areas. History Early history and split of 520 602 is one of the original area codes established in October 1947 and originally covered the entire state of Arizona. By the late 1980s, Arizona's explosive population growth in the second half of the 20th century made it apparent that the state needed to at least consider the feasibility of a second area code. Mountain Bell, the incumbent local exchange carrier in the state, requested a second area code for Arizona in 1988. BellCore, which at the time administered the assignment of area codes, denied Mountain Bell's request and instead allowed the state to go to the first phase of interchangeable dialing, in which central office codes with a middle digit of 0 or 1 were made available for use, in 1990. This meant that in-state toll and collect calls would require dialing the area code. By the early 1990s, Arizona was one of the largest states served by only one area code, and it was apparent that the immediate need for a second area code could no longer be staved off. In advance of the 1995 introduction of interchangeable area codes (area codes with a middle digit not 0 or 1), and in response to continued population growth, Arizona was allocated a second area code, area code 520. The new area code completely surrounded metropolitan Phoenix, which mostly retained 602. 520 was introduced on March 19, 1995. Permissive dialing of 602 continued across Arizona until October 22, 1995. On that date, use of 520 became mandatory for rural Arizona. The new area code became mandatory in Flagstaff, Prescott, and Yuma on June 30, 1996, and in Tucson on December 31, 1996. The freed central office codes in 602 were then used for new telephone numbers in the Phoenix area. Overlay or split? The creation of 520 was originally intended as a long-term solution; under original projections, Arizona was not expected to need another area code until at least 2015. However, Arizona's explosive population growth in the 1990s, the introduction of new competitive telephone service providers and telecommunications technologies (i.e., cell phones, pagers, dial-up Internet), and an inefficient number allocation system brought 602 to the brink of exhaustion far sooner than expected. It soon became apparent that metropolitan Phoenix, now one of the largest toll-free calling zones in the nation, needed at least one additional area code. By 1997, two ideas were on the table for how to introduce a second area code into metropolitan Phoenix, and the telephone industry could not reach a consensus on which was more suitable. US West, formerly Mountain Bell, was in favor of an overlay. In an overlay, a second area code would be added to the existing 602 area. This would have required the implementation of ten-digit dialing for all local calls. The other option was a split, in which the suburban portion of the Valley would have received another area code, with 602 retained by areas primarily in the city of Phoenix. Conversely, newer entrants to the telephone market, like MCI Communications, supported a split because US West, as the dominant provider in the region, held most of the numbers in 602. The final word rested with the Arizona Corporation Commission (ACC), which regulates public utilities. In November 1998, on a 2–1 vote, the ACC voted to adopt the overlay for implementation in 1999. Corporation Commission staff felt the overlay offered a more long-term solution than a split, which was projected to require additional relief within four years for metro Phoenix and 12 years for suburban areas. In early December, 480 was assigned as the second area code. The adoption of the overlay plan, however, met with criticism from the public. Overlays were still a new concept at the time and met with some resistance due to the need for ten-digit dialing. Just two weeks after voting in favor, the ACC opted to reconsider in a move that clearly favored the adoption of a split. The "doughnut" split gained two wrinkles in the process. First, the commission opted to consider putting north Phoenix in the new area code as well. Second, the idea of changing to a three-way split where the East Valley and West Valley areas being spun out from 602 would receive their own area codes gained traction. On December 18, 1998, the Corporation Commission approved the final plan to go into effect on September 1, 1999: a three-way split, under which the city of Phoenix minus Ahwatukee and areas north of Union Hills Road remained in 602; the East Valley, Town of Paradise Valley, and north Phoenix east of 22nd Street took area code 480; and the West Valley was placed into area code 623. (556 was also considered instead of 623.) All calls remained local across all three new area codes. The three-way split took place even though, in actuality, just three million phone numbers had been issued from the 7.5 million available in 602. Permissive dialing of the new area codes started on April 1. The three Valley area codes form one of the largest local calling areas in the western United States. With the exception of the slivers of the Valley that are in the 520 and 928 area codes, no long-distance charges are applied from one portion of the Valley to another. Even with the split into three area codes, much of the Valley is still part of the Phoenix rate center. Boundary elimination overlay The three-way split, combined with the implementation of number pooling and other practices to encourage efficient use of telephone numbers, gave the Valley enough telephone numbers to absorb more than 20 years of growth. By October 2020, the North American Numbering Plan Administrator (NANPA) forecast that area code 480 would be exhausted by the first quarter of 2024 and 602 two years later in 2026. However, 623 was not forecast to exhaust until 2069; in 2021, it had 299 assigned central office codes as opposed to more than 700 in each of 480 and 602. After NANPA initiated relief planning for 480, the state's telecommunications industry recommended to the Corporation Commission that the 1999 area code boundaries be eliminated, creating a three-code overlay complex while reuniting the previously split Phoenix rate center (allowing for pooled numbers to be used anywhere in the metropolitan area) and allowing the assignment of new numbers (primarily from 623) throughout the single rate center. By this time, overlays had become the standard for relief. No area codes had been split anywhere in the United States since 2007, and a split could not be used to relieve 480 because of the implementation of 10-digit dialing. This would save the assignment of two area codes compared to all-service distributed overlays of 480 and 602, and last 26 years, as opposed to 35 for the introduction of new area codes. The Corporation Commission approved this plan on November 9, 2021. Implementation began in August 2022, after the national deadline to activate 988, with a six-month permissive 10-digit dialing period for the 602 and 623 areas to begin on February 11, 2023, ahead of the overlay becoming effective in August of that year; after that, recorded messages will pass on to callers dialing the old method. References External links 602 602 Phoenix, Arizona Telecommunications-related introductions in 1947

4041524

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nassour%20Guelendouksia%20Ouaido

Nassour Guelendouksia Ouaido

Nassour Guelendouksia Ouaido (born 1947) is a Chadian politician who was Prime Minister of Chad from 1997 to 1999 and was President of the National Assembly of Chad from 2002 to 2011. He was Secretary-General of the Economic Community of Central African States from 2012 to 2013. Career A southerner, he was born in 1947 at Gounou Gaya. A demographer specialising in Sub-Saharan Africa, he started his studies in N'Djamena, where he obtained his baccalauréat, and after that took a diplôme d'Ingénieur at Abidjan's School of Statistics. He later completed his education by receiving a diploma at Yaoundé and, lastly, at the Paris Demography Institute. Ouaido began his working career as co-director of the projected 1974-75 Chadian national census. He successively worked at the Permanent Interstate Committee for drought control in the Sahel, becoming in 1988 the interim director of one of its structures, the Centre d'Etudes et de Recherche sur la Population pour le Développement. Since 1995 Ouaido has been in politics under the banner of President Idriss Déby's party, the Patriotic Salvation Movement (MPS), serving as Minister of Education and Minister of Planning and Cooperation. He was Secretary-General at the President's Office when, following the resignation of Koibla Djimasta's cabinet, he was appointed by the President on May 17, 1997 as the new Prime Minister. This change originated from the rallying to the government of the opposition leader Wadel Abdelkader Kamougué, who was thus elected President of the National Assembly with the support of the MPS on May 9. Ouaido's new cabinet included representatives of several parties, even if the key posts were kept by the MPS; it was appointed on May 21. Ouaido was eventually replaced two years later, on December 13, 1999, and succeeded by Nagoum Yamassoum, also of the ruling party and considered a close aide of Déby. It is believed that Ouaido's expected removal was motivated by two main reasons: the failure to quell the insurgency led by the former Minister of Interior Youssouf Togoïmi and the difficulties with the Doba oilfield project, abandoned by the oil companies Elf Aquitaine and Royal Dutch Shell. Another element was the fall of cotton prices, which affected the country's first source of exports and thus increased the deficit. In the April 2002 parliamentary election, Ouaido was elected to the National Assembly as an MPS candidate from Gounou Gaya constituency in Kabia Department. When the new National Assembly first met on June 10, 2002, he was elected as the President of the National Assembly. On February 29, 2008, Ouaido was appointed by Déby to head an international commission of inquiry into the disappearances of opposition leaders who were allegedly arrested by the government earlier in the month. However, there were concerns from the opposition and non-governmental organizations that this commission would not act independently, and it was subsequently replaced by another commission, which was viewed more favorably and was not headed by Ouaido, on April 2. Ouaido was subsequently designated as Secretary-General of the Economic Community of Central African States, taking office on 28 February 2012. He was succeeded in that post by Ahmad Allam-Mi on 5 August 2013. References Presidents of the National Assembly (Chad) 1947 births Living people Patriotic Salvation Movement politicians People from Mayo-Kebbi Est Region Heads of government of Chad

4041528

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KWSD

KWSD

KWSD (channel 36) is a television station in Sioux Falls, South Dakota, United States, affiliated with YTA TV. It is owned by Jim Simpson alongside low-power station KAUN-LD (channel 25). KWSD's studios are located on West 57th Street in Sioux Falls, and its transmitter is located in Rowena. History Previously, the station had the call sign KAUN and it was the local Pax TV affiliate, while The WB was carried on a cable-only channel known by the fictitious call sign KWJB. On October 1, 2003, channel 36 acquired the WB affiliation and became KWSD, and Pax TV was moved to low-power sister station KAUN-LP. The programming on KWSD was provided by The WB 100+ Station Group, a predecessor to The CW Plus. In September 2006, The WB and UPN merged to become The CW. KWSD became the CW affiliate for Sioux Falls, and UPN affiliate "UTV", a digital subchannel of KELO-TV, became an affiliate of MyNetworkTV. At one point in the past decade, KWSD/KAUN had a 9 p.m. newscast that served the Sioux Falls Metro Area and the KWSD viewing area. That newscast was pulled, and reports are that there are plans in the works to bring back a 9 p.m. newscast to the Sioux Falls market. KWSD's CW affiliation ended on September 10, 2012; at that time, the affiliation moved to a subchannel of KSFY-TV. KWSD switched its affiliation to MeTV on that date. As of September 2015, the MeTV affiliation also moved to KSFY, on their third subchannel; KWSD then became a Retro TV affiliate. As of June 2020, KWSD lost its Retro TV affiliation and became an independent station, only to become a YouToo America affiliate the following year. On November 23, 2022, it was reported that Fargo, North Dakota–based Forum Communications Company would purchase KWSD and sister station KCWS-LD from Jim Simpson for $1.4 million, pending approval from the Federal Communications Commission (FCC). Forum intends to create a third television news operation in the Sioux Falls market. Technical information Analog-to-digital conversion KWSD shut down its analog signal, over UHF channel 36, on June 12, 2009, the official date in which full-power television stations in the United States transitioned from analog to digital broadcasts under federal mandate. The station's digital signal relocated from its pre-transition UHF channel 51 to channel 36 for post-transition operations. References Mt. Shasta News Archives; Dunsmuir News Archives External links Program Information for KWSD at TitanTV.com YTA TV affiliates WSD Television channels and stations established in 2000 2000 establishments in South Dakota

4041535

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semilunar

Semilunar

Semilunar can refer to: Semilunar valves Semilunar ganglion, or the trigeminal ganglion An older name for the Lunate bone In neurology, the semilunar fasciculus.

4041545

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hagia%20Photia

Hagia Photia

Hagia Photia (also Ayia Photia, Agia Photia, ) is an archaeological site of a fortified ancient Minoan building on eastern Crete. Sitia lies five kilometers to the west. Archaeology The building at Hagia Photia has 37 rooms that open onto a central court, but which do not necessarily connect to adjoining rooms. It was originally built in the Middle Minoan period with a surrounding fortification wall. The fortifications are important to note, as so few Minoan settlements have evidence of city walls. Other fortified Minoan settlements are from the Pre-Palatial period, but Hagia Photia is of the Old Palatial period. Three apsidal buttresses along the north wall (which faces the sea) and a fourth at the southwest corner of the outer wall are similar to the buttresses on fortification walls at Lerna in the Argolid subregion and Chalandriani cemetery on the Island of Syros. The site was abandoned, and circular structures were built over its ruins. The structures might be tholos tombs, and they would be the most northerly and most easterly tombs of their kind on the island. Many of the grave goods here are Cycladic, and they may indicate that Hagia Photia was a Cycladic colony. Two Kouphota hill caves (which face the sea) contain Neolithic, Pre-Palatial, and Old Palance period remnants. 150 meters to the east, a Minoan cemetery, Glyphada, has been excavated with over 250 Minoan chamber tombs. Finds excavated from Hagia Photia are at the Archaeological Museum of Sitia and the Agios Nikolaos, Crete, Museum. References Swindale, Ian "Ayia Photia" Retrieved 11 Feb 2006 Myers, J.W., Myers, E.E. and Cadogan, G. "Ayia Photia" The Aerial Atlas of Ancient Crete External links http://www.minoancrete.com/agphotia.htm Minoan sites in Crete Populated places in ancient Greece

4041548

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1998%20Ukrainian%20parliamentary%20election

1998 Ukrainian parliamentary election

Parliamentary elections were held in Ukraine on 29 March 1998. The Communist Party of Ukraine remained the largest party in the Verkhovna Rada, winning 121 of the 445 seats. After the election votes in five electoral districts had too many irregularities to declare a winner and the parliament was five members short of 450. Electoral system In comparison to the first parliamentary election, this time half of 450 parliament seats were filled by single-seat majority winners in 225 electoral regions (constituencies), and the other half were split among political parties and blocks that received at least 4% of the popular vote. Results The Communist Party of Ukraine was victorious in 18 regions including the city of Kyiv, while in three other regions the party finished in second place. The People's Movement of Ukraine (Rukh) won in five regions, all of them located in Western Ukraine and was a strong runner-up in three others, mostly in the west and Kyiv. The electoral block of Socialists and Peasants was able to secure a victory in only two regions, however it did finish strong in seven other regions across central Ukraine. The new and rising party of Hromada won the Dnipropetrovsk Region, while the Social-Democratic Party of Ukraine managed to secure the Zakarpattia Region. Notable and strong runners up were the Party of Greens, the People's Democratic Party, the Progressive Socialist Party, the People's Party, Working Ukraine, the National Front and Our Ukraine. |- style="text-align:center;" ! rowspan=2 colspan=3|Parties and coalitions ! colspan=3|Nationwide constituency ! rowspan=2|Const.seats ! colspan=2|Total seats |- style="text-align:center;" ! Votes ! % ! Seats ! Seats ! +/- |- | style="background:;"| | style="text-align:left;" colspan=2|Communist Party of Ukraine | 6,550,353 | 24.65 | 84 | 38 | | |- | style="background:;"| | style="text-align:left;" colspan=2|People's Movement of Ukraine | 2,498,262 | 9.40 | 32 | 14 | | |- | style="background:;"| | style="text-align:left;" |Socialist Party – Peasant Party | style="text-align:left;" |Socialist Party of UkrainePeasant Party of Ukraine | 2,273,788 | 8.56 | 29 | 6 | | |- | style="background:;"| | style="text-align:left;" colspan=2|Party of Greens of Ukraine | 1,444,264 | 5.44 | 19 | — | | |- | style="background:;"| | style="text-align:left;" colspan=2|People's Democratic Party | 1,331,460 | 5.01 | 17 | 10 | | |- | style="background:;"| | style="text-align:left;" colspan=2|Hromada | 1,242,235 | 4.68 | 16 | 7 | | |- | style="background:blue;"| | style="text-align:left;" colspan=2|Progressive Socialist Party of Ukraine | 1,075,118 | 4.05 | 14 | 3 | | |- | style="background:;"| | style="text-align:left;" colspan=2|Social Democratic Party of Ukraine (united) | 1,066,113 | 4.01 | 14 | 3 | | |- | colspan=9 style="background-color:#C0C0C0"| |- | style="background:;"| | style="text-align:left;" colspan=2|Agrarian Party of Ukraine | 978,330 | 3.68 | — | 7 | | |- | style="background:;"| | style="text-align:left;" colspan=2|Reforms and Order Party | 832,574 | 3.13 | — | 4 | | |- | style="background:;"| | style="text-align:left;" |Laborious Ukraine | style="text-align:left;" |Civil Congress of UkraineUkrainian Party of Justice | 813,326 | 3.06 | — | 1 | | |- | style="background:;"| | style="text-align:left;" |National Front | style="text-align:left;" |Congress of Ukrainian NationalistsUkrainian Conservative Republican PartyUkrainian Republican Party | 721,966 | 2.72 | — | 7 | | |- | style="background:;"| | style="text-align:left;" |Together | style="text-align:left;" |Liberal Party of UkraineParty of Labor | 502,969 | 1.89 | — | 2 | | |- | style="background:;"| | style="text-align:left;" |Forward Ukraine! | style="text-align:left;" |Christian Democratic UnionUkrainian Christian Democratic Party | 461,924 | 1.74 | — | 3 | | |- | style="background:;"| | style="text-align:left;" colspan=2|Christian Democratic Party of Ukraine | 344,826 | 1.30 | — | 2 | | |- | style="background:;"| | style="text-align:left;" |Bloc of Democratic Parties — NEP | style="text-align:left;" |Democratic Party of UkraineParty of Economic Revival | 326,489 | 1.23 | — | 2 | | |- | style="background:;"| | style="text-align:left;" colspan=2 |Party of National Economic Development of Ukraine | 250,476 | 0.94 | — | — | — | |- | style="background:;"| | style="text-align:left;" |SLON — Social Liberal Association | style="text-align:left;" |VicheInter-regional Bloc of Reforms | 241,367 | 0.91 | — | 1 | | |- | style="background:;"| | style="text-align:left;" colspan=2 |Party of Regional Revival of Ukraine | 241,262 | 0.91 | — | 2 | | |- | style="background:;"| | style="text-align:left;" colspan=2 |All-Ukrainian Party of Workers | 210,622 | 0.79 | — | 1 | | |- | style="background:;"| | style="text-align:left;" colspan=2|Union | 186,249 | 0.70 | — | 1 | | |- | style="background:;"| | style="text-align:left;" colspan=2|All-Ukrainian Party of Women's Initiatives | 154,650 | 0.58 | — | — | — | |- | style="background:;"| | style="text-align:left;" colspan=2|Republican Christian Party | 143,496 | 0.54 | — | — | — | |- | style="background:;"| | style="text-align:left;" colspan=2 |Ukrainian National Assembly | 105,977 | 0.39 | — | — | — | |- | style="background:;"| | style="text-align:left;" colspan=2 |Social Democratic Party of Ukraine | 85,045 | 0.32 | — | — | — | |- | style="background:;"| | style="text-align:left;" colspan=2 |Motherland Defenders Party | 81,808 | 0.31 | — | — | — | |- | style="background:;"| | style="text-align:left;" colspan=2 |Party of Spiritual, Economic and Social Progress | 53,147 | 0.20 | — | — | — | |- | style="background:;"| | style="text-align:left;" colspan=2 |Party of Muslims of Ukraine | 52,613 | 0.20 | — | — | — | |- | style="background:;"| | style="text-align:left;" |Less Words | style="text-align:left;" |Social-National Party of UkraineState Independence of Ukraine | 45,155 | 0.16 | — | 1 | | |- | style="background:;"| | style="text-align:left;" |European Choice of Ukraine | style="text-align:left;" |Liberal Democratic Party of UkraineUkrainian Peasant Democratic Party | 37,118 | 0.13 | — | — | — | |- | style="background:;"| | style="text-align:left;" colspan=2 |Independents | — | — | — | 105 | | |- | style="text-align:left;" colspan=3|Against all | 1,396,592 | 5.26 | | | | |- | style="text-align:left;" colspan=3|Invalid ballot papers | 821,699 | 3.09 | | | | |- |colspan=3 style="text-align:left;"|Vacant (constituencies with no result) | | | | 5 | 5 | |- style="background-color:#E9E9E9" |colspan=3 style="text-align:left;"|Total | 26,571,273 | 100 | 225 | 225 | 450 | |- style="background-color:#E9E9E9" |colspan=3 style="text-align:left;"|Registered voters/turnout | 37,540,092 | 70.78 | | | | |- | colspan=10 style="text-align:left;" |Source: Central Electoral Commission |- | colspan=10 style="text-align:left;" |Notes: |} By regions (single constituency) Crimea (10/10) No party affiliation: Serhiy Ivanov, Anatoliy Rakhansky, Valeriy Horbatov, Refat Chubarov, Anatoliy Franchuk Communist Party of Ukraine: Yevhen Leshan, Viktor Myronenko Soyuz: Lev Myrymsky People's Democratic Party of Ukraine: Ihor Franchuk, Valeriy Khoroshkovsky Vinnytsia Region (8/8) No party affiliation: Petro Poroshenko (No.12), Oleh Yukhnovsky, Oleksandr Shpak, Yevhen Smirnov, Oleksandr Stoyan People's Democratic Party of Ukraine: Ihor Kvyatkovsky, Anatoliy Matviyenko Communist Party of Ukraine: Mykola Pasyeka Volyn Region (4/5) National Front (Republican): Valeriy Dibrova Agrarian: Kateryna Vashchuk No party affiliation: Mykola Martynenko Democratic Party of Ukraine: Oleksandr Svyryda People's Democratic Party of Ukraine: Serhiy Shevchuk Dnipropetrovsk Region (16/17) Hromada 6 (1-Independent) No party affiliation 5 Communist 3 Interregional bloc 1 Agrarian 1 Donetsk Region (21/23) No party affiliation 12 Communist 7 Party of Regions 2 Zhytomyr Region (5/6) No party affiliation 2 People-Democratic 1 Communist 1 Christian-Democratic 1 Zakarpattia Region (5/5) Social-Democratic (u) 3 No party affiliation 2 Zaporizhia Region (7/9) No party affiliation 3 Communist 3 (1-Independent) Agrarian 1 Ivano-Frankivsk Region (6/6) No party affiliation 2 National Front 2 (all CUN) Labor and Liberal together 1 (Independent) Christian people 1 Kirovohrad Region (3/5) No party affiliation 3 Luhansk Region (12/12) Communist 8 No party affiliation 4 Lviv Region (10/12) People's Movement 2 Reforms and Order 2 National Front 2 (all Independent) Fewer words 1 No party affiliation 1 Christian-Democratic 1 Agrarian 1 Mykolaiv Region (3/6) No party affiliation 2 Reforms and Order 1 Odessa Region (10/11) No party affiliation 6 Communist 2 Agrarian 1 (Independent) Social and Peasant 1 Kyiv Region (7/8) No party affiliation 4 Social and Peasant 1 (Socialist) Agrarian 1 People's Movement 1 Poltava Region (8/8) Communist 3 No party affiliation 2 People's Movement 1 People-Democratic 1 (Independent) Forward 1 (Independent) Rivne Region (5/5) People's Movement 3 No party affiliation 2 Sumy Region (6/6) No party affiliation 2 Progressive Socialist 2 Communist 1 Justice 1 Ternopil Region (4/5) People's Movement 2 No party affiliation 1 National Front 1 (CUN) Kharkiv Region (12/14) No party affiliation 6 Communist 2 Agrarian 1 Social and Peasant 1 (Independent) Progressive Socialist 1 (Independent) People-Democratic 1 Kherson Region (6/6) No party affiliation 2 Hromada 1 Communist 1 Christian-Democratic 1 Social and Peasant 1 (Socialist) Khmelnytsky Region (7/7) No party affiliation 4 Republican 1 Socialist 1 Communist 1 Cherkasy Region (7/7) No party affiliation 3 Communist 2 Social and Peasant 1 (Peasant) People-Democratic 1 Chernivtsi Region (4/4) No party affiliation 3 People's Movement 1 Chernihiv Region (5/6) No party affiliation 4 People-Democratic 1 Kyiv (11/12) No party affiliation 8 Democratic Parties 1 (Independent) People's Movement 1 Reforms and Order 1 Sevastopol (2/2) No party affiliation 1 Communist 1 Party affiliation changes after 1998 election The size of the factions created in parliament after the election fluctuated. By January 2000, the Progressive Socialist Party of Ukraine and Hromada had not had any deputies; while Peasant Party of Ukraine had deputies only in 1999. All these factions where disbanded due to the lack of members. Party of Regional Revival of Ukraine (later to become the biggest party of Ukraine as Party of Regions) grew massively in parliament (after in March 2001 it united with four parties) from 2 deputies elected in this election to a faction of 24 people in July 2002 (one deputy left the faction later). Later to become second biggest party of Ukraine, Batkivshchyna, started its existence as a faction when in the spring of 1999 members of Hromada left their party to join other parliament factions, among them Yulia Tymoshenko who set up the parliamentary faction "Batkivshchyna" in March 1999. People's Movement of Ukraine split into 2 different factions in the spring of 1999 (the largest membership of the breakaway faction led by Hennadiy Udovenko was 19 and ended with 14, the "other" faction ended with 23; meaning that 10 elected People's Movement of Ukraine deputies did not represent any segment of the party anymore by June 2002). Other mayor "non-elected" factions/parties to emerge in parliament after the election were: Solidarity (27 to 20 members) and Labour Ukraine (38 members in June 2002); by June 2002 the parliament had 8 more factions then its original 8 in May 1998. References External links Central Election Commission of Ukraine Parliamentary elections in Ukraine Parliamentary election Ukraine March 1998 events in Europe

4041572

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Area%20code%20480

Area code 480

North American area code 480 is a telephone area code in Arizona serving the eastern and northern portions of the Phoenix metropolitan area. It was created on March 1, 1999, in a three-way split of area code 602, when it was apparent that the Valley of the Sun was growing too fast for it to remain entirely in one area code. Generally, 480 is coextensive with the East Valley, while most of the West Valley is area code 623 and most of Phoenix itself remained in 602. By the turn of the millennium, 602 was running out of numbers just four years after all of the state outside of the Valley of the Sun was split off as area code 520. Original plans called for 480 to be an overlay code for the entire Phoenix metro area. However, overlays were a new concept at the time, and met with considerable resistance due to potential geographic ambiguity, as well as the requirement for ten-digit dialing. A three-way geographic split was chosen instead, with 480 assigned to the East Valley. The 480 area code encompasses Scottsdale, Paradise Valley, Fountain Hills, Tempe (except for a small portion west and south of the I-10 Broadway Curve, which stayed in 602), Chandler, Gilbert, Mesa, Queen Creek, Apache Junction, as well as far northeast Phoenix and the Phoenix neighborhood of Ahwatukee, and newer unincorporated communities in far northwest Pinal County that are becoming part of the Greater Phoenix metropolitan area due to heavy development. Also in area code 480 are pagers for the Iridium satellite telephone service. The three Valley area codes form one of the largest local calling areas in the western United States. With the exception of the slivers of the Valley that are in the 520 and 928 area codes, no long-distance charges are applied from one portion of the Valley to another. Even with the split into three area codes, much of the Valley is still part of the Phoenix rate center. Prior to October 2021, area code 480 had telephone numbers assigned for the central office code 988. In 2020, 988 was designated nationwide as a dialing code for the National Suicide Prevention Lifeline, which created a conflict for exchanges that permit seven-digit dialing. This area code was therefore scheduled to transition to ten-digit dialing by October 24, 2021. As of now, area code 480 is expected to reach exhaustion by the first quarter of 2024. Two years later, in 2026, 602 is projected to exhaust. However, 623 is not forecast to exhaust until 2069; in 2021, it had 299 assigned central office codes as opposed to more than 700 in each of 480 and 602. After the North American Numbering Plan Administrator initiated relief planning for 480, the state's telecommunications industry recommended to the Arizona Corporation Commission that the 1999 area code boundaries be eliminated, creating a three-code overlay complex and allowing the assignment of new numbers (primarily from 623) throughout the Phoenix rate center. This would save the assignment of two area codes and last 26 years, as opposed to 35 for the introduction of new area codes. The Corporation Commission approved this plan on November 9, 2021. Implementation began August 2022, after the national deadline to activate 988, with a six-month permissive 10-digit dialing period for the 602 and 623 areas to begin at some point in January 2023 ahead of the overlay becoming effective in August of that year. See also References 480 Phoenix metropolitan area 480

4041573

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wormian%20bones

Wormian bones

Wormian bones, also known as intrasutural bones or sutural bones, are extra bone pieces that can occur within a suture (joint) in the skull. These are irregular isolated bones that can appear in addition to the usual centres of ossification of the skull and, although unusual, are not rare. They occur most frequently in the course of the lambdoid suture, which is more tortuous than other sutures. They are also occasionally seen within the sagittal and coronal sutures. A large wormian bone at lambda is often called an Inca bone (os incae), due to the relatively high frequency of occurrence in Peruvian mummies. Another specific Wormian bone, the pterion ossicle, sometimes exists between the sphenoidal angle of the parietal bone and the great wing of the sphenoid bone. They tend to vary in size and can be found on either side of the skull. Usually, not more than several are found in a single individual, but more than one hundred have been once found in the skull of a hydrocephalic adult. Wormian bones are a marker for some diseases and important in the primary diagnosis of brittle bone disease: osteogenesis imperfecta. Wormian bones may also be seen in: Pycnodysostosis Osteogenesis imperfecta Rickets "Kinky-hair" Menke's syndrome Cleidocranial dysostosis Hypothyroidism and hypophosphatasia Otopalatodigital syndrome Primary acro-osteolysis Down syndrome Derivation of the name Wormian bones are named for Ole Worm, professor of anatomy at Copenhagen, 1588–1654. He taught Latin, Greek, physics and medicine. His description of the extra-sutural bones contributed to the science of embryology. Additional image See also Human skull References External links Internet Archive:Anatomy of the Human Body Photo Photo Skeletal system

4041576

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attention%20Please%20%28Caroline%27s%20Spine%20album%29

Attention Please (Caroline's Spine album)

Attention Please is the sixth studio album and second major label album by American alternative rock band Caroline's Spine. It was their first album of all new material since the band formed. The songs "Attention Please" and "Nothing to Prove" which both charted on the Billboard Mainstream Rock Tracks chart at #30 and #23, respectively. Despite the album's success, it was not well promoted by the label and led the band to return to producing their albums independently for future releases. This album also featured a remix of the track "Turned Blue" which was featured on the An American Werewolf in Paris film soundtrack. Track listing All songs written by Jimmy Newquist. "Attention Please" – 3:06 "Deep in Your Wake" – 2:48 "Nothing to Prove" – 3:22 "Ready, Set, Go" – 2:48 "Rock And Roll Hero" – 3:51 "Inside Your Mind" – 3:29 "Open Fire" – 3:47 "Turned Blue" – 2:55 "Work Song" – 3:09 "Happy Without You" – 2:46 "Again & Again" – 2:53 "True Star" – 3:00 Band lineup Jimmy Newquist - vocals, guitar, bass Mark Haugh - guitar, backing vocals Jason Gilardi - drums and percussion Scott Jones - bass, backing vocals References 1999 albums Caroline's Spine albums

4041586

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molnija

Molnija

Chelyabinsk Watch Factory "Molnija" (sometimes transliterated Molniya; ) was a Russian watch and clockmaker based in Chelyabinsk, Chelyabinsk Oblast. Molnija (Молния) is the Russian word for lightning. History The Molnija clock and watch factory opened on November 17, 1947. The company's main customer was then the Soviet Union Department of Defense, providing them with wristwatches, pocket watches and table clocks. Molnija's main product were mechanical pocket watches with military, religious and historical motifs. The Molnija movement is basically a copy of a Cortébert movement used in Swiss watches from around 1940. About 80% of the work on most of the watches was done by hand. Some Molnija movements were used in oversized men's wristwatches. Early Molnija pocket watch movements (from 1947 to c. 1960) normally had 15 jewels. Later ones (from around 1965 to 1997) normally had 18 jewels. However from around 1997 they started to produce lower quality watches with fewer jewels. The company ceased production in October 2007. A few employees continued to sell Molnija watches assembled from unused stock, and 'new' Molnija pocket watches were still available on the market for some time afterwards. Modern revival After the closure of the factory in 2007, a small group of people revived the Molnija brand with new designs. As of 2021, the factory "Molnija" produces technical watches for aircraft and ships, and is actively developing new markets. Products Notes External links Defunct watchmaking companies Watch manufacturing companies of the Soviet Union Watch manufacturing companies of Russia Companies based in Chelyabinsk Cultural heritage monuments in Chelyabinsk Oblast

4041589

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George%20Soule%20%28Mayflower%20passenger%29

George Soule (Mayflower passenger)

George Soule (c. 1601 – between 20 September 1677 and 22 January 1679) was a colonist who was one of the indentured servants on the Mayflower and helped establish Plymouth Colony in 1620. He was one of the signers of the Mayflower Compact. Early life and family origin It is known that George came on the Mayflower and was credited to the household of Edward Winslow as a manservant or apprentice, along with Elias Story and a little girl Ellen More, who both died in the first winter. George Soule was mentioned in Bradford's recollections of the Winslow group: "Mr. Edward Winslow; Elizabeth, his wife; and *2* men servants, called Georg Sowle and Elias Story; also a little girle was put to him, called Ellen, sister of Richard More". He continues: "Mr. Ed. Winslow his wife dyed the first winter; and he is maried with the widow of Mr. White, and hath *2* children living by her marigable besides sundry that are dead. One of his servants dyed, as also the little girle, soone after the ships arrival. But this man Georg Soule, is still living and hath *8* children". Earlier researchers into Soule's origin believed in the London association of Winslow and Soule. Thus, based on this belief, and for five years ending in 2009, noted Mayflower researcher and biographer Caleb Johnson managed a fairly intensive search for Soule's English origins; he examined a number of likely 'George Soules' in various parts of England and subsequently concluded that the most promising candidate of all the 'George Soules' he reviewed was that of Tingrith, Bedfordshire, baptized in February 1594/5. More recent work in 2017 has identified the parents of George Soule through a high-quality Y-DNA match of Soule with families in Scotland and Australia. Following up on research published by Louise Walsh Throop in 2009, the DNA study pointed to Soule's parents as Jan Sol and his wife Mayken Labis, who are identified by their marriage as Protestant refugees in London, England, in 1586 and by the baptisms of their children before 1600 in Haarlem, Holland. Their eldest known son Johannes Sol is identified by his baptism in 1591, as well as by his permissions in both Haarlem and Leyden to marry in Leyden. Johannes Sol, a printer in Leyden with one known publication, died suddenly, probably while helping William Brewster in the presswork for the Perth Assembly. His apprentice, Edward Raban, apparently fled to Scotland in 1619 in order to avoid being apprehended by agents of the King of England. It appears he was accompanied by the pregnant widow of his master and probably took with him the missing press of Brewster, as well as the telltale type and initials from Brewster; Raban also apparently took with him the Sol press and type. Edward Raban in 1622 published a very veiled version of his master's shocking death, well hidden in a discussion of drunkenness and resultant whoredom. It would appear all helpers in the press work and distribution of "Perth Assembly" took an oath of silence that was never breached, even after King James I died in 1625. Some researchers have pointed to circumstantial evidence that George Soule's family may have had Sephardic (Converso) Jewish roots, due to "Sol/Soule" being a common Sephardic name and "Soule" (the version George used in his will) being a Basque province. Soule's daughter-in-law, Rebecca Simonson, daughter of colonist, Moses Simonson, may have had Jewish ancestry, and Soule's printing colleague, Edward "Raban was from a Jewish-descended family in Germany." It is likely that George's presumed father Jan Sol, who married as a refugee in 1586 in London, was the grandson of Jan van Sol. This Jan van Sol was a zealous opponent of Anabaptism, which he saw in 1550 as divided into three movements: the Melchiorites (the peaceful Mennonite group), the Davidites, and the Batenburgers. Jan van Sol was born at Dordrecht, in South Holland, but left the Netherlands in 1530 because of debts (he kept an inn there) and went east to Danzig. There he was known as Johann/Jan Solius (the Latin version of his name). In 1536 he bought the "Robitten" estate near Bardeyn in East Prussia. He returned in 1550 to Brussels but may have spent his last years, until about 1556, in the territory of Preussisch-Holland. A presumed son born about 1525, and by naming patterns was probably named Georg, would have married about 1555 perhaps in Brussels, and thus would have been the father of Jan Sol of the 1586 marriage record in London. This Jan Sol and wife Maecken had seven children baptized in the Dutch Reformed Church of Haarlem in 1590–99. Mayflower The Mayflower departed Plymouth, England on 6/16 September 1620. The small, 100-foot ship had 102 passengers and a crew of about 30–40 in extremely cramped conditions. By the second month out, the ship was being buffeted by strong westerly gales, causing the ship's timbers to be badly shaken with the caulking failing to keep out sea water, and with passengers, even in their berths, lying wet and ill. These conditions, combined with a lack of proper rations and unsanitary conditions for several months, contributed to the high number of fatalities in the first winter, especially for the women and children. On the voyage, there were two deaths, being just a crew member and a passenger. The worst was yet to come after arriving at their destination when, in the space of several months, almost half the passengers perished in the cold, harsh, unfamiliar New England winter. On 9/19 November 1620, after about 2 months at sea, preceded by a month of delays in and around England, they spotted land, which was the Cape Cod Hook, now called Provincetown Harbor. After several days of trying to get south to their planned destination of the Colony of Virginia, strong winter seas forced them to return to the harbor at Cape Cod hook, where they anchored on 11/21 November. On 11 November 1620, Soule and others signed the Mayflower Compact. Soule and three others were under 21 years of age, and one of the three had a baptismal record showing he was just 20 years old at the time of signing. It appears the signers were members of a church group, where the age of membership was 18. The original compact was lost. It was published, without any signers' names appended, several times after 1620. It was not until almost 50 years after the signing that the Compact was published with the names of the signers. Thus the print work crew of Brewster, Winslow, Soule and others was sheltered from exposure to the agents of King James I of England. When finally published with all names of signers, only Soule was still alive from the print work crew. In Plymouth Colony In 1623, the Division of Land at Plymouth provided one acre for George Soule between the property of "Frances" Cooke and "Mr. Isaak" Allerton. About 1626, George Soule married a woman by the name of Mary. It is known that the only Mary in Plymouth who was then unmarried was Mary Bucket (Buckett). In 1623, "Marie" Buckett, as a single woman, had received one acre of land. In 1626 George Soule was one of twenty-seven Purchasers involved with the colony joint-stock company which afterwards was turned over to the control of senior colony members. That group was called Undertakers, and were made up of such Pilgrim leaders as Bradford, Standish and Allerton initially, who were later joined by other leaders Winslow, Brewster, Howland, Alden, Prence and others from London who were former Merchant Adventurers. On the agreement, dated 26 October 1626, his name appears as "Georg Soule." In the 1627 Division of Cattle, George and Mary Soule and their first son Zachariah (all with the recorded surname of "Sowle") were listed with the Richard Warren family. They were allotted several animals that arrived on the ship Jacob, probably in 1625. Historic records indicate Soule became a freeman prior to 1632/33 (Johnson) or was on the 1633 list of freemen. In 1633/34 Soule (as "Sowle") was taxed at the lowest rate which indicates that his estate was without much significance. Per Plymouth records, Soule's life with his family appears to have been lived quietly in a Puritan home – obtaining some land holdings through the years which he would later provide for his large family. He was never involved in any criminal or civil court dispute and did participate in a number of public service situations, one being his volunteering to fight in the Pequot War in 1637, which was over before the Plymouth company could get organized. Land records note that in 1637 he was assigned "a garden place…on Duxbury side, by Samuel Nash's, to lie to his ground at Powder Point". The 1638 land records note that "one acre of land is granted to George Soule at the watering place…and also a parcel of Stony Marsh at Powder Point, containing two acres." The land at the "watering place" in south Plymouth was sold the next year, possibly as he was living in Duxbury at that time and did not need his property in south Plymouth. In 1640 he was granted a meadow at Green's Harbor – now Marshfield. His land holdings included property in several towns, those being Namaskett, Middleboro and Dartmouth. First in 1642 and last in 1662, he was assigned to at least five grand and petty juries. He was deputy for Duxbury for several years. In the 1643 Able to Bear Arms (ATBA) List, George and his son Zachariah (listed as "Georg" and "Zachary") appear with those bearing arms from Duxbury (written as "Duxbarrow"). In October 1645 the General Court granted to Duxbury inhabitants lands "about Saughtuckquett" and nominated "Captaine Miles Standish, Mr John Alden, George Soul…" and others for "equall devideing and laying forth of the said lands to their inhabitants." The purpose of this committee was to divide property in the Duxbury area for its inhabitants. Soule was also on a similar committee in 1640. On 20 October 1646 Soule, with Anthony Thatcher, was chosen to be on a "committee to draw up an order concerning disorderly drinking (smoking) of tobacco." The law, as drawn up, provided strict limitations on where tobacco could be smoked and what fines could be levied against lawbreakers. Family Marie/Mary Buckett, wife of George Soule. The young woman known to Plymouth Colony history as "Marie Buckett" arrived in Plymouth in July 1623 as a single woman passenger on the ship Anne. She may have been about age 18 (born c. 1604) and appears to have traveled with some Alden relatives of her mother, or with members of the possible Warren family with whom she may have lived after the death of her father. Earlier researchers have been stymied in their efforts to prove her ancestry, or from where she came, whether Holland or England. She first appears in Plymouth Colony records in the 1627 Division of Cattle with passengers of the Anne as "Marie Buckett" where she received one lot of her own "adioyning to Joseph Rogers" .."on the other side of towne towards the eele-riuer." Author Caleb Johnson estimates she married George Soule about 1625 or 1626. As George Soule was probably born in 1601, and he would have had to wait to marry until released as Winslow's servant at age 25, the marriage of George and Mary was probably in 1626. In the 1627 Division of Cattle she is listed with her husband George and young son "Zakariah" as " Mary Sowle." Noted Mayflower researcher and author Caleb H. Johnson writes in The Mayflower Quarterly of December 2013 that the origin of Mary Buckett, wife of Mayflower passenger George Soule, has not been conclusively proven by his, or any previous research. What Johnson did find in England, through extensive research and a lengthy process of elimination was a Mary Beckett in the parish of Watford, Hertfordshire. This Mary was born about 1605 and fits the right age to have been on the Anne in 1623. Also she was in a family using the name Nathaniel, which is found in her own children. Her mother had a Mayflower-sounding name – Alden. She and her husband George were grouped with the Warrens in the 1627 Division of Cattle, with Mrs. Warren coming from Hertfordshire, as did Mary Beckett. Mary's home parish register of St. Mary's Church, Watford, has a number of sixteenth-century Warren family entries of names which all appear in the Mayflower Warren family. Johnson considers the following to be among the most important information in considering Marie Buckett's ancestry – Mary Beckett's father died in 1619 when she was only about 14 years old. As a custom of the time, she and her siblings were likely apprenticed out to relatives, neighbors, acquaintances, etc. Her mother remained a widow until at least 1622 (listed in that year as "Widow Buckett") – further increasing the chance that her children would be sent to other families. Johnson concludes by stating that the following could have put Mary Beckett hypothetically on the ship Anne sailing to America in 1623: the right age, associated with families of Mayflower surnames, within a family using the name Nathaniel, and could have had the opportunity to be transferred to another family that would eventually sail to America on the ship Anne. Johnson notes after this time, Mary Beckett is not found again in Watford records, based on recent research. Children of George and Mary Soule: Zachariah was born by May 1627 and died in Duxbury before 11 December 1663. He married Margaret Ford by 1663, but had no recorded children. John was born about 1632 and died in Duxbury before 14 November 1707. He married: 1. Rebecca Simmons about 1656 and had nine children. She died between 1675 and 1678. 2. Esther (Delano) Samson about 1678 and had three children. She died in Duxbury on 12 September 1735. Nathaniel was born between 1634 and 1646 and died in Dartmouth before 12 October 1699. He married Rose Thorn by 1680 and had five children. Nathaniel may have caused the most colony trouble of any of his siblings. On 5 March 1667/8, he made an appearance in Plymouth court to "answer for his abusing of Mr. John Holmes, teacher of the church of Christ at Duxbury, by many false, scandalous and opprobrious speeches." He was sentenced to make a public apology for his actions, find sureties for future good behavior and to sit in the stocks, with the stock sentence remitted. His father George and brother John had to pay surety for Nathaniel's good behavior with he being bound for monies and to pay a fine. Three years later, on 5 June 1671, he was fined for "telling several lies which tended greatly to the hurt of the Colony in reference to some particulars about the Indians." And then on 1 March 1674/5 he was sentenced to be whipped for "lying with an Indian woman," and had to pay a fine in the form of bushels of corn to the Indian woman towards the keeping of her child. George was born about 1639 and died in Dartmouth before 22 June 1704. He married by 1671 Deborah Thomas and had eight children. She died in Dartmouth about February 1709. Susanna was born about 1640 and died in Kingstowne, Rhode Island after 1684. She married Francis West by 1660 and had nine children. Mary was born about 1642 and died in Plymouth after 1720. She married John Peterson by 1665 and had nine children. He died between 29 April 1718 and 26 March 1720, probably in Plymouth. Elizabeth was born about 1644 and died after 1667. She married Francis Walker by 23 July 1668 and had one child. He died in probably Middleboro about 1701. Elizabeth, like her brother Nathaniel, also had her share of problems with the Plymouth Court. On 3 March 1662/3, the Court fined Elizabeth and Nathaniel Church for committing fornication. Elizabeth then in turn sued Nathaniel Church "for committing an act of fornication with her... and then denying to marry her." The jury awarded her damages plus court costs. On 2 July 1667 Elizabeth was sentenced to be whipped at the post "for committing fornication the second time." And although the man with whom she committed the act was not named, Elizabeth did marry Francis Walker within the following year. Patience was born about 1646 and died on 11 March 1705/6 in Middleboro. She married John Haskell in January 1666/7 in Middleboro and had eight children. He died on 15 May 1706 in Middleboro. Benjamin was born by about 1652 and died unmarried during King Philip's War on 26 March 1676. Although George Soule became wealthy in the Plymouth colony he still bound out at least one of his daughters to a John Winslow. Will, death and burial George Soule made his will on 11 August 1677 and mentions his eldest son John "my eldest son John Soule and his family hath in my extreme old age and weakness been tender and careful of me and very helpful to me." John was his executor and to whom was given nearly all of Soule's estate. But after he wrote his will, on 12 September 1677 George seemed to have second thoughts and made a codicil to the will to the effect that if John or any family member were to trouble his daughter Patience or her heirs, the will would be void. And if such happened, Patience would then become the executor of his last will and testament with virtually all that he owned becoming hers. To put his youngest daughter to inherit his estate ahead of his eldest son would have been a major humiliation for John Soule. But John must have done well in his father's eyes since after his father's death, he did inherit the Duxbury estate. Twenty years later Patience and her husband sold the Middleboro estate they had received from her father. George Soule's will was dated 11 August 1677, with a codicil dated 20 September 1677 and with the will proved in 1679. His will named his sons Nathaniel, George and John, and daughters Elizabeth, Patience, Susannah and Mary. His sons Zachariah and Benjamin had predeceased him. George Soule died shortly before 22 January 1679, when inventory was taken of his estate. He was buried at Myles Standish Burial Ground in Duxbury, Massachusetts as his wife Mary had predeceased him in 1676. Per Stratton, the Soule family history compiled by Gideon T. Ridlon is not reliable. Researcher and author Louise Walsh Throop considers Ridlon occasionally reliable, as the second volume was printed in haste. Records received by correspondence are usually reliable, but Ridlon's assigned lineages and interpretations of relationships are not always reliable. Notable descendants Dick Van Dyke, comedian, actor, dancer Richard Gere, actor Joshua Soule, Methodist-Episcopal Bishop Gideon Lane Soule, third principal of Phillips Exeter Academy H. Verlan Andersen, LDS General Authority References External links George Soule Kindred in the U.S. Soule Family in England 1590s births 1679 deaths Mayflower passengers Kingdom of England emigrants to Massachusetts Bay Colony People from Duxbury, Massachusetts Burials at Myles Standish Burial Ground People of colonial Massachusetts

4041623

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bregma

Bregma

The bregma is the anatomical point on the skull at which the coronal suture is intersected perpendicularly by the sagittal suture. Structure The bregma is located at the intersection of the coronal suture and the sagittal suture on the superior middle portion of the calvaria. It is the point where the frontal bone and the two parietal bones meet. Development The bregma is known as the anterior fontanelle during infancy. The anterior fontanelle is membranous and closes in the first 18-36 months of life. Clinical significance Cleidocranial dysostosis In the birth defect cleidocranial dysostosis, the anterior fontanelle never closes to form the bregma. Surgical landmark The bregma is often used as a reference point for stereotactic surgery of the brain. It may be identified by blunt scraping of the surface of the skull and washing to make the meeting point of the sutures clearer. Neonatal examination Examination of an infant includes palpating the anterior fontanelle. It should be flat, soft, and less than 3.5cm across. A sunken fontanelle indicates dehydration, whereas a very tense or bulging anterior fontanelle indicates raised intracranial pressure. Height assessment Cranial height is defined as the distance between the bregma and the midpoint of the foramen magnum (the basion). This is strongly linked to more general growth. This can be used to assess the general health of a deceased person as part of an archaeological excavation, giving information on the health of a population. Etymology The word "bregma" comes from the Ancient Greek βρέγμα (brégma), meaning the bone directly above the brain. References Additional images External links Human anatomy Skull

4041632

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gates%20of%20Zendocon

Gates of Zendocon

Gates of Zendocon is a horizontally scrolling shooter developed by Epyx and published by Atari Corporation in 1989 in North America and Europe for the Atari Lynx. It was released in Japan on December 23 of the same year, where it was distributed by Mumin Corporation. One of the first games written for the platform, it was one of the launch titles that were released along with the system in North America. In the game, the eponymous evil spider has trapped the player's space fighter in his web of universes, which are interconnected by a series of teleportation gates and riddled with alien bases, with the primary objective of finding and defeating him while recruiting friendly allies along the way. Programmed by Todd's Adventures in Slime World author Peter Engelbrite, Gates of Zendocon began its development prior to the existence of functional Lynx hardware. Gates of Zendocon received positive reception from critics after its initial release, with praise towards the presentation, originality and gameplay but the sound department received criticism. An updated conversion for the Atari Jaguar was planned but never went into full production due to a lack of internal interest. Gameplay Gates of Zendocon is a horizontally scrolling shoot 'em up game where the player take control of an unnamed space fighter craft across 51 non-linear levels ("universes"), with the main objective being finding and defeating the evil spider Zendocon by passing through teleportation gates to do so, while battling against an assortment of Zendocon's army. During gameplay, there are a number of friendly alien allies who were slaved by Zendocon that aid the player in their journey and protect the ship. Most of the levels are riddled with enemies and if the player's ship is hit by an enemy or projectile, it will reflect the amount of damage taken as a result: it can lose the laser tip and the engine before the last hit that will obliterate the player's ship. In addition, there is a hidden level inside the game where the player can earn high scores by destroying the faces of the game's creators. Development Gates of Zendocon was written by Peter Engelbrite when he worked at Epyx as games developer and programmer. He also worked on Atari 2600 conversion of other titles from the company such as California Games, Summer Games and Winter Games. In an online interview with website The Atari Times, Engelbrite recounted about the development process of the game, stating that work on the project began before functional Atari Lynx hardware existed and wrote an emulator of the console on the Apple II 8-bit microcomputer, setting up the system's graphical data structures but displaying the sprites as ASCII text. Later during development, an early revision of the Lynx capable of displaying raster graphics was made, with the game running for the first time on actual hardware, albeit at a slow frame rate. Atari composer Alex Rudis was also involved during the production of the project, recalling the process of the developer's pictures in the hidden level on another interview with The Atari Times, which involved using a video camera to scan the image with Dave Needle and other team members freezing the images in order to be clear, while Rudis rotated his portrait as the scanning occurred to make it look distorted. Electronic Gaming Monthly also revealed that other members were involved in its production, among them being Lynx co-inventor R. J. Mical, although their roles were not specified. Release Gates of Zendocon was one of the launch titles during the initial release of the Lynx in 1989 along with California Games, Blue Lightning, and Electrocop. It was also released in Europe around the same time period and later in Japan on December 23 of the same year, where it was distributed by Mumin Corporation instead and the difference between the international and Japanese releases is that the latter came bundled with an instruction manual in Japanese. The game was first showcased to the public during the International Summer Consumer Electronics Show 1989, along with the system. Reception Gates of Zendocon garnered positive reception. In a review for STart, Clayton Walnum called the game "the obligatory, horizontally-scrolling, outer-space shoot-em-up", and said it would only appeal to fans of the genre due to its limited depth and weak use of the Lynx hardware. Robert A. Jung also reviewed the game which was published to IGN. He noted that "Underneath the average graphics and average sound is a well-rounded, pretty diverse action game" and called it "a good buy". Giving a final score of 7 out of 10. Legacy In 1993, Atari Corp. requested several Epyx titles in order to be converted and release to the then-upcoming Atari Jaguar, with Gates of Zendocon among the list of selected titles. After the initial discontinuation of Protector on Jaguar in 1995, Atari suggested to use its engine in a proposed update of Gates of Zendocon for the system but Christopher Weaver, then-president of Bethesda Softworks, was not interested and no actual development started on this version due to this decision. References External links Gates of Zendocon at AtariAge Gates of Zendocon at GameFAQs Gates of Zendocon at Giant Bomb Gates of Zendocon at MobyGames 1989 video games Atari games Atari Lynx games Cancelled Atari Jaguar games Epyx games Horizontally scrolling shooters Science fiction video games Single-player video games Shoot 'em ups Video games developed in the United States Video games set in outer space

4041635

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russians%20in%20Kazakhstan

Russians in Kazakhstan

There has been a substantial population of Russians in Kazakhstan since the 19th century. Although their numbers have been reduced since the breakup of the Soviet Union, they remain prominent in Kazakh society today. Russians formed a plurality of the Kazakh SSR's population for several decades. Early colonisation The first Rus' traders and soldiers began to appear on the northwestern edge of modern Kazakhstan territory in the early 16th century, when Cossacks established the forts that later became the cities of Oral (Ural'sk, est. 1520) and Atyrau (Gur'yev). Ural, Siberian and later Orenburg Cossack Hosts gradually established themselves in parts of northern Kazakhstan. In 1710s and 1720s Siberian Cossacks founded Oskemen (Ust-Kamennaya), Semey (Semipalatinsk) and Pavlodar (Fort Koryakovskiy) as border forts and trading posts. Russian imperial authorities followed and were able to seize Kazakh territory because the local khanates were preoccupied by a war with Kalmyks (Oirats, Dzungars). Kazakhs were increasingly caught in the middle between the Kalmyks and the Russians. In 1730 Abul Khayr, one of the khans of the Lesser Horde, sought Russian assistance against the stronger Kalmyks, and the Russians in exchange for help gained permanent control of the Lesser Horde as a result of his decision. The Russians conquered the Middle Horde by 1798, but the Great Horde managed to remain independent until the 1820s, when the expanding Kokand Khanate to the south forced the Great Horde khans to choose Russian protection, which seemed to them the lesser of two evils. In 1824, Siberian Cossacks from Omsk founded a fortress on the upper Ishim River named Akmolinsk, which is known today as Astana, capital of Kazakhstan. In the same year they founded the fort of Kokshetau. In the 1850s, the construction of Russian forts began in southern Kazakhstan including Fort Shevchenko (Fort Alexandrovsky), Kyzylorda (Fort Petrovsky), Kazaly (Kazalinsk) and Almaty (Verniy). In 1863, the Russian Empire created two administrative districts, the Governor-Generalships in Central Asia of Russian Turkestan (the oasis region to the south of the Kazakh steppes and Zhetysu (Semirechye) region) and that of the Steppe (modern eastern and northern Kazakhstan including the lands of the Siberian and Semiryechensk Cossask Hosts) with their capital at Omsk. The north-west of Kazakhstan was at the time part of Orenburg Governorate. First Governor-General Gerasim Kolpakovsky of the Steppe region (and all his future successors) was also ataman of Siberian Cossacks symbolizing the important role the Cossacks played in the Russian colonization of Kazakh territories. In 1869 Russian settlers founded the town of Aktobe (Aktyubinsk), in 1879 Kostanay. In the 1860s General Mikhail Chernyayev conquered the only towns that existed in Kazakhstan before the Russian conquest Hazrat-e Turkestan, Taraz and Shymkent that belonged to the Khanate of Kokand. Christianity spread in the predominantly Muslim region together with Russian colonists: the Russian Orthodox Church established a Central Asian bishopric in 1871 with its bishop first residing in Verniy and after 1916 in Tashkent. In the 1890s, many non-Cossack Russian settlers migrated into the fertile lands of northern and eastern Kazakhstan. In 1906 the Trans-Aral Railway between Orenburg and Tashkent was completed, further facilitating Russian and Ukrainian migration to Central Asia. Between 1906 and 1912, more than half a million Ukrainian and Russian farms were started in Kazakhstan as part of the reforms of the Russian minister of the interior Petr Stolypin. By 1917 there were close to a million slavs in Kazakhstan, about 30% of the total population. Analysis of data on migrants who arrived during the Stolypin agrarian reform (1906-1912) on the territory of Kazakhstan shows that 83.1% of the settlers were from Ukraine, the rest came from the southern regions of Russia (16.8%). Soviet period Russians of Kazakhstan together with other ethnic groups of the region suffered heavily during the Russian Civil War and Collectivisation in the USSR and endured repeated famines and unrest. In 1918-1931 Basmachi Revolt affected areas of southern Kazakh SSR often taking a form of an ethnic conflict between Russian and Ukrainian farmers and native Muslim nomads. Thousands of Russian settlers are thought to have been killed by the Kazakhs in the violence and this was followed by equally bloody reprisals against the nomadic population by the Red Army. The Kazakh Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic was established as part of the RSFSR - the process was not straightforward and included disputes over territories. On 26 August 1920, the Soviet government issued a decree signed by Mikhail Kalinin and Vladimir Lenin "On the formation of the Autonomous Kyrgyz (Kazakh) Soviet Socialist Republic" in the RSFSR. The city of Orenburg, with its majorly Kazakh population, became the capital of the Kazakh Autonomous Republic. When it came to the formation of borders, there were many opponents to the inclusion of Akmola, Semipalatinsk and Ural regions in the KazASSR. Others, on the contrary, demanded to include the territories of the Omsk region, Barnaul district, Altai region of Russia and some parts of Central Asia into the structure of Kazakhstan. The expediency of the inclusion of Kustanay region into Kazakhstan was comprehensively proved in a note by Akhmet Baitursynov and Mukhamedjan Seralin. It was necessary to prove the necessity of inclusion of Akmola and Semipalatinsk regions. As strangely as it was, these territories, native to Kazakhs, belonged to Western Siberia. Thus, in 1920, the member of the Revcom Alikhan Yermekov in Moscow was at the reception of the leader of the state Vladimir Lenin. In the Kremlin, he made an important report "On the situation of the Kirghiz region in general, and on the issue of borders in particular". Thanks to this document, the Kazakh authorities managed to defend Akmola, Semipalatinsk and Atyrau regions. The republic included a 10-verst long strip along the Urals and Irtysh Rivers, where the Cossacks settled during the expansion of Tsarist Russia. Many European Soviet citizens and much of Russia's industry were relocated to Kazakhstan during World War II, when Nazi armies threatened to capture all the European industrial centers of the Soviet Union. These migrants founded mining towns which quickly grew to become major industrial centers such as Karaganda (1934), Zhezkazgan (1938), Temirtau (1945) and Ekibastuz (1948). In 1955, the town of Baikonur was built to support the Baikonur Cosmodrome to this day its administered by Russia. Many more Russians arrived in the years 1953–1965, during the so-called Virgin Lands Campaign of Soviet general secretary Nikita Khrushchev. Still more settlers came in the late 1960s and 70s, when the government paid bonuses to workers participating in a program to relocate Soviet industry close to the extensive coal, gas, and oil deposits of Central Asia. By 1979 ethnic Russians in Kazakhstan numbered about 5,500,000, almost 40% of the total population. In December 1986, Soviet general secretary Mikhail Gorbachev appointed Gennady Kolbin, with no ties to the republic, as the first secretary of the Central Committee of Communist Party of Kazakh SSR, breaking with a tradition of ethnic Kazakh dominance in the local administration. Following several incidents of ethnic unrest in 1989, Kolbin was replaced by Nursultan Nazarbayev who following the dissolution of the Soviet Union became the president of independent Kazakhstan. According to the 1989 Soviet census, 66% of Russians living in Kazakhstan had been born there, the highest proportion of all Soviet republics besides the Russian SFSR. 37% of the Russians who were born elsewhere had lived in the Kazakh SSR for at least 20 years. Post-Soviet period Although Nazarbayev is widely credited with peaceful preservation of the delicate inter-ethnic balance in Kazakhstan, hundreds of thousands of Russians left Kazakhstan in the 1990s due to the perceived lack of economic opportunities. A number of factors contributed to this situation. Following independence from the Soviet Union, the Kazakh government adopted a policy of developing the state language that sought to affirm the ethnically Kazakh nature of the country and promote Kazakh language and culture. One aspect of this policy was the government's decision to define Kazakhstan as the national state of the ethnically Kazakh people in the country's first constitution in 1993 and again in its second constitution in 1995. In 1994 Kazakhstan held its first parliamentary elections since independence. In these elections, Kazakh candidates won a disproportionate number of seats compared to Russian candidates relative to the demographic makeup of the country at the time. Observers attributed the over-representation of Kazakh politicians to electoral tampering carried out by the government, primarily through gerrymandering. Many Russians interpreted this as an attempt to promote Kazakh domination of the state at the expense of Russian influence. A major factor that contributed to the alienation of Russians and the increase of inter-ethnic tensions in post-Soviet Kazakhstan was the government's language policy. Following independence, the government adopted Kazakh as the country's official language. Russian was designated as the language of interethnic communication but not given official status. Over the course of the 1990s, the government mandated the instruction of Kazakh in schools and introduced Kazakh language fluency requirements for all public sector jobs. Many Russians objected to these measures and advocated for official bilingualism, which was denied. The government's language policy struck many Russians as inequitable, in part because at the time of independence Russian was the de facto language of communication in government and business. Most Kazakhs were already fluent in Russian, while very few Russians were fluent in Kazakh. This policy had the effect of excluding the vast majority of Russian-speakers from some of the most coveted professional occupations. These various developments contributed to an increasing sense of marginalization and exclusion among Russians in Kazakhstan. Many Russians felt that there were limited opportunities for them and their children in the country, as a result of the government's new linguistic and educational policies. These and other grievances were major causes of the massive emigration of Russians from Kazakhstan that took place in the 1990s. By 1999, the number of Russians in Kazakhstan dropped to 4,479,618 people, roughly 30% of Kazakhstan's population. Emigration from Kazakhstan reached its peak in 1994, when 344,112 people emigrated from Kazakhstan to Russia. Since then, it has consistently decreased, perhaps because those most eager to leave or with the resources to leave have already done so. At the beginning of his presidency in 2000, Vladimir Putin met with leaders of the Russian community in Kazakhstan who explained to him the situation they faced in the country. This meeting resulted in a proposal of a massive departure of the remainder of Russians from Kazakhstan. It was suggested that these migrants would revitalize depopulated areas of central Russia and provide a counterweight to the demographic decline of Russians within the Russian Federation. However, support for the idea has since evaporated and the Russian government has not provided the resources necessary for massive repatriation. The majority of Russians who emigrated from Kazakhstan were Russians born in Russia who had moved to Kazakhstan later in life, primarily for professional reasons. Most of this group resided in urban areas and tended to be more highly educated. In contrast, Russians who were born in the country and whose families have lived in Kazakhstan for two to three generations were far less likely to emigrate. This group is concentrated in rural regions, especially in the northern part of the country. In the 1990s, this group made up two thirds of Kazakhstan's Russian population but only one third of the migrants who left the country. Russians are still an influential socio-political group in Kazakhstan, and they remain active in Kazakhstan's public, military, cultural and economic life. Also the Kazakh language is the state language, while Russian is now also officially used as an equal language to Kazakh in Kazakhstan's public institutions. Kazakhstan is also part of the Eurasian Economic Union with Russia. Number and share Censuses Number and share of Russians according to the census over the years by regions: Prominent ethnic Russians from Kazakhstan Nik Antropov Anatoli Boukreev Alexander Dutov Gennady Golovkin (half-Korean) Vassiliy Jirov Vsevolod Ivanov Andrey Kashechkin Andrei Kivilev Nikolay Koksharov Ruslana Korshunova Yuri Lonchakov Sergei Lukyanenko Vladimir Muravyov Vladimir Zhirinovsky Viktor Patsayev Vitaliy Savin Vladimir Smirnov Adolf Tolkachev Alexander Volkov Oleg Yankovsky Alexander Vinokourov Ilya Ilyin Igor Sysoev Olga Rypakova Olga Shishigina Dmitriy Balandin See also Demographics of Kazakhstan Ethnic Russians in post-Soviet states Ukrainians in Kazakhstan Kazakhs in Russia References Russians left behind in Central Asia, by Robert Greenall, BBC News, 23 November 2005. Russian 'separatists' highlight ethnic tensions, by Sergei Blagov, Asia Times, 16 June 2000. Kazakh-Russian relations by Erlan Aben Institute for Central Asian and Caucasian Studies, September 2000. Ethnic groups in Kazakhstan European diaspora in Kazakhstan Kazakhstan Kazakhstan Kazakhstan–Russia relations

4041643

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Janson

Janson

Janson is the name given to a set of old-style serif typefaces from the Dutch Baroque period, and modern revivals from the twentieth century. Janson is a crisp, relatively high-contrast serif design, most popular for body text. Janson is based on surviving matrices from Leipzig that were named for Anton Janson (1620–1687), a Leipzig-based printer and punch-cutter from the Netherlands who was believed to have created them. In 1954 Harry Carter and George Buday published an essay asserting that the designer of the Janson typeface was in fact a Hungarian-Transylvanian schoolmaster and punchcutter, Miklós (Nicholas) Tótfalusi Kis (1650–1702). Historical background Miklós Kis, a Transylvanian Protestant pastor and schoolmaster, became deeply interested in printing after being sent to Amsterdam to help print a Hungarian Protestant translation of the Bible. This was a period of considerable prosperity for the Netherlands and a time when its styles of printing were very influential across Europe, making it a centre for the creation of new typefaces. He developed a second career as a punchcutter, an engraver of the punches used as a master for stamping matrices for casting metal type, selling his work to printers in the Netherlands and abroad. The style he worked in was based on French serif typefaces of the previous century, but with boosted x-height and higher stroke contrast, creating a higher-contrast, sharper effect. It was later called the "Dutch taste" (goût hollandois), a term originating from the writings of Pierre Simon Fournier in the next century. Kis is considered to have been one of the most talented engravers active during this period, and perhaps uniquely wrote about his work in later life, allowing greater insight into his work than other earlier engravers. Kis also cut typefaces for other languages including Greek and Hebrew typefaces. Kis returned to Transylvania around 1689 and may have left matrices (the moulds used to cast type) in Leipzig on his way home. The Ehrhardt type foundry of Leipzig released a surviving specimen sheet of them around 1720, leading to the attribution to Janson. Kis's surviving matrices were first acquired by Stempel, and are now held in the collection of the Druckmuseum (Museum of Printing), Darmstadt. Kis's identity as the maker of the typefaces was rediscovered in the 1950s by comparison with type from Hungarian archive sources (including his autobiography) on which his name was identified. Due to their survival, the Janson typefaces became popular with fine printers of the late Arts and Crafts period such as Updike, who could print books from them using hand-set type cast from surviving original matrices. In his book Printing Types: Their History, Forms and Uses, Updike commented that "although heavy, they retain considerable vivacity of line and have great capabilities when used with taste." Despite its 17th-century origins, Janson is used in a wide variety of modern-day text applications. As of the magazine's 2011 redesign, Architectural Digest uses Janson for body text in all of its articles; so does Philosophy Now. It has also been used for the Journal of the British Printing Historical Society. Revivals The Janson type was popular with twentieth-century typographers including Updike and Stanley Morison, who admired its design as something different to the Didone and neo-medieval types dominant in the nineteenth century, and several revivals were made in the twentieth century for the hot metal typesetting systems of the period. A revival of the face was designed in 1937 by Chauncey H. Griffith of the Mergenthaler Linotype foundry. The revival was taken from the original matrices, held since 1919 by the Stempel Type Foundry, which were Mergenthaler's exclusive agent in Europe. Griffith was a great admirer of the Janson designs, writing to Carl Rollins of Yale University Press that "I am so anxious to have the Linotype face worthy of its name. If I cannot succeed in satisfying myself that our interpretation of Janson will be worthy of the honored name it bears, we shall not hesitate a moment to scrap the whole work and forget it." The most common digital version, Janson Text, comes from a metal version produced by Hermann Zapf in the 1950s at Stempel. This was based on Kis' original matrices. Digitisations are available from Linotype, Adobe, Bitstream (adding Cyrillic glyphs), URW++ (adding an additional light and black weights) and others. A separate digital version is Elsner+Flake's Kis Antiqua Now. Described by Paul Shaw as the best digital version, it was designed by Hildegard Korger and Erhard Kaiser and originates from Korger's revival for the East German foundry VEB Typoart. A separate common revival of the Janson types is Ehrhardt, created by Monotype in the 1930s. Somewhat more condensed than most Janson revivals, giving it a crisp, vertical appearance, it is a popular book typeface, particularly often used in the UK. Besides a number of revivals specifically of Ehrhardt (described in that article), two more by Linotype and Berthold have been sold under the name of Kis. Random House's Modern Library Classics collection has some of its books printed in a digitized version of Janson typeface. References Carter, Rob, Day, Ben, Meggs,Philip. Typographic Design: Form and Communication, Second Edition. Van Nostrand Reinhold, Inc: 1993 . Molnár, József. Misztótfalusi Kis Miklós. Európai Protestáns Szabadegyetem: 2000. . External links Colophon on Janson on the textism site Adobe Systems' page on Janson On other Kis/Janson revivals: On Ehrhardt: Printed specimen from original hot metal type Monotype Recorder from 1949, set in Ehrhardt Ehrhardt digitisations: Ehrhardt typeface family at MyFonts.com Butterick's revival, Equity Kis FB (as of 2015 no online sale) Ehrhardt typeface family at MyFonts.com Printed Ehrhardt specimen from original hot metal type Butterick's Ehrhardt revival, Equity Old style serif typefaces Typefaces with text figures Linotype typefaces Letterpress typefaces Photocomposition typefaces Digital typefaces Typefaces and fonts introduced in 1937 Typefaces designed by Chauncey H. Griffith

4041661

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bichunmoo

Bichunmoo

Bichunmoo () is a 2000 South Korean martial arts fantasy drama film written and directed by Kim Young-jun and featuring Shin Hyun-joon, Kim Hee-sun, and Jung Jin-young. At the time of its release, it was the most expensive film in Korean history (it was supplanted in 2001 by Musa). Plot In 12th-century China, during Mongol rule, childhood sweethearts Jinha and Sullie are separated but vow to reunite. Orphan Jinha begins training in the Bichun martial arts and discovers his father was a swordsman murdered by the Mongol army. Meanwhile, Sullie's father, a Mongol general, arranges for her to marry a Mongol noble. Believing Jinha to be dead, Sullie marries the noble. Recovering from near-death, Jinha takes on the persona of bandit Jahalang, and begins an anti-Mongol crusade with the help of his army of warriors. Finally Jin-ha and Sullie are re-united, when Jinha's bandit warriors infiltrate Sullie's family manor. Cast Shin Hyun-joon as Yu Jinha Kim Hee-sun as Sullie Jung Jin-young as Namgung Junkwang Jang Dong-Jik as Lai Choi Yoo-jung as Yeojin Gi Ju-bong as Kwakjung Bang Hyep as Namgung Sung Kim Hak-cheol as Taruga Kim Soo-ro as Ashin Lee Han-gal as Changryun Seo Tae-hwa as Saijune Production Bichunmoo was shot entirely in China, with a Hong Kong-based martial arts director. Criticism In spite of its financial success, the film was heavily criticized on its initial release in Korea, primarily due to its alleged disloyalty to the comic book on which it was based. Another argument given against the film was the casting choice of Kim Hee-sun, who was perceived as being too modern for a period swordplay film. Reception Alan Morrison of Empire called Bichunmoo a "Top-notch martial arts action". References External links South Korean fantasy drama films South Korean martial arts films Films shot in China 2000s South Korean films

4041693

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Himalayan%20subtropical%20pine%20forests

Himalayan subtropical pine forests

The Himalayan subtropical pine forests are a large subtropical coniferous forest ecoregion covering portions of Bhutan, India, Nepal, and Pakistan. Geography This huge pine forest stretches for 3000 km across the lower elevations of the great Himalaya range for almost its entire length including parts of Pakistan's Punjab Province in the west through Azad Kashmir, the northern Indian states of Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand and Sikkim, Nepal and Bhutan, which is the eastern extent of the pine forest. Like so many Himalayan ecosystems the pine forests are split by the deep Kali Gandaki Gorge in Nepal, to the west of which the forest is slightly drier while it is wetter and thicker to the east where the monsoon rains coming off the Bay of Bengal bring more moisture. Flora The predominant flora of the ecoregion is a thin woodland of drought-resistant Pinus roxburghii trees with a ground cover of thick grass, as regular fires do not allow a shrubby undergrowth to establish itself. The ground cover consists of Arundinella setosa, cogon grass (Imperata cylindrica) and Themeda anathera. Pine forest mainly grows on south-facing slopes although in western Nepal there are areas facing in other directions. Some of the larger areas can be found in the lower elevations of Kangra and Una Districts of Himachal Pradesh and in Bhutan. It occurs in smaller patches in eastern Himachal Pradesh and lower Uttarakhand, in the more thinly populated western Nepal, and on the lower elevations (between 1,000 and 2,000m) of the Sivalik and Himachal ranges. Fauna Although there is not a rich variety of wildlife here when compared to tropical rainforest for example the region is important habitat, especially for birds. Wildlife includes tigers and leopards although in smaller numbers than in the lowland areas where herds of grazing antelopes provide food for them, whereas these slopes do not sustain grazing in large numbers. More typical animals of the pine forest are langurs and other animals of the Himalayas. Birds include the chestnut-breasted partridge and cheer pheasants that hide in the lush grass. Conservation These habitats are vulnerable to logging for firewood or conversion to grazing or farmland and more than half the area has been cleared or degraded which then allows the mountain water to wash away the soil quickly. The most profound changes can be seen in central and eastern Nepal, where the forest has been cleared for terrace farming. The protected areas of pine forest are small but include part of the larger Jim Corbett National Park. See also List of ecoregions in India References External links Himalayan forests Ecoregions of the Himalayas Ecoregions of Bhutan Ecoregions of India Ecoregions of Nepal Ecoregions of Pakistan . . Forests of India Indomalayan ecoregions Tropical and subtropical coniferous forests Forests of Nepal

4041694

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sin-e

Sin-e

Sin-e may refer to: Xinyi, a former county and present county-level city in Guangdong, China Other places now romanized as Xinyi Sin-é, a defunct club in Manhattan, New York

4041707

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dhantal

Dhantal

The dhantal (dandtal) is a long steel rod based percussion instrument (sounding similar to the triangle), which was adapted from the iron "bows" that yoked the oxen that pulled the carts on the estates in Guyana, Suriname, Jamaica, Trinidad and Tobago, other parts of the Caribbean, Fiji, Mauritius, and South Africa. The original beater was an actual horseshoe, a shape which is still retained in the dhantal's modern context as a musical instrument. Its top may be blunt or tapered to a fine point to allow for greater resonance, and its end is shaped into a circle that rests on the ground, table, or other surface when it is played. It is usually about a meter long and 3/8" to 1/2" thick. History The dhantal (also called the dhandataal) is of Indian origin, but most commonly found in the Caribbean and Fiji. The instrument was brought to the Caribbean and to the Fiji Islands by indentured laborers from India. The instrument's name literally means "stick percussion" from danda, "stick," and taal, the act of striking rhythmically. That is ll. Technique The dhantal is played by striking a metal rod (usually iron or steel) with a metal beater shaped like a horseshoe. The amount of resonance is controlled by opening and closing the hand that is holding the rod. The dhantal's timbre is sharply metallic and provides a clearly defined tal (beat or pulse) to help the ensemble stay in rhythmic sync. The basic rhythm of the dhantal is an ostinato consisting of two sixteenth-notes followed by an eighth-note. This rhythm has a similar "feel" to the merengue music of the Dominican Republic, which itself was based on an African rhythm brought to the Caribbean through the Afro-Caribbean diaspora. An example of how the Dhantal works can be seen in the Dhantal Lesson YouTube video. See also Chutney music References External links Lesson on how to play a dhantal on YouTube Stick percussion idiophones Caribbean musical instruments Trinidad and Tobago musical instruments Fijian musical instruments

4041717

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flying%20Warriors

Flying Warriors

Flying Warriors is an action video game developed and published by Culture Brain for the NES in North America in February 1991. It is a mixture of two Family Computer video games in the Hiryū no Ken franchise: Hiryu no Ken II: Dragon no Tsubasa and Hiryu no Ken III: 5 Nin no Ryuu Senshi. It implements ideas and elements from both games. The first installment of the Hiryū no Ken series had already been released in North America as Flying Dragon: The Secret Scroll, with virtually no modification aside from the language. Gameplay The game features combat in a variety of formats, such as kicking and using fireballs to repel monsters in scrolling stages, a system during one-on-one duels against Tusk Soldiers or a pair of martial arts tournaments where the player must attack a mark that appears on their opponent's body, or defend the area when it appears on them (this system is similar to Culture Brain's original Flying Dragon for the NES), and RPG-style command battles against monster bosses. When confronted by a Tusk Soldier or other otherworldly villain, Rick can change into a costumed superhero form or switch with one of his teammates. The player must switch to Flying Warrior form to use the characters' magic powers and defend themselves from the Tusk Soldiers' magic spells. Plot A long time ago, Demonyx of the Dark Dimension attempted to invade the Light Dimension. After a long battle, the hero of the Light Dimension, Dragonlord, sealed Demonyx up by the power of the Mandara Talisman, at which time Demonyx prophesied that he would be back upon the appearance of the Red Evil Star. Years later, an ominous red star appeared in the sky. Just then, five shooting lights came down toward the ground. Rick Stalker was brought up by Kung Fu master Gen Lao-Tsu, and is alone in the mountains as usual brushing up on his Kung Fu skills when he comes upon a weeping angel missing her robe. He explores the mountain's caves and ends up encountering a gargoyle who is really a Tusk Soldier in disguise guarding the robe, which is embedded in a rock. Upon the return of her robe, the angel shows Rick a secret passage down the ravine, where he finds a mysterious orb. Rick goes back to tell Gen the whole story. Gen apprises him that this orb is the Orb of Courage, and that Rick should cross the ocean to Gen's mother land China, where his fate is waiting for him. Rick goes to China and enters the Shorin temple, the head temple of Kung-Fu, where he spars with Fusetsu, Ensetsu, and Rakan in three separate chambers. When Ensetsu is defeated by Rick, he gives him the Mirror of Mercury, stating that Rick may be the fighter for whom they have been waiting. In the final chamber, Rakan tells Rick that the Orb of Courage is part of the Mandara Talisman, which was used to seal up Demonyx a long time ago, and that Rick will have to locate all the broken pieces of the Talisman to seal him up again. While sparring with Rick, Rakan teaches him how to awaken his true power and transform into a Flying Warrior capable of utilizing sacred mirrors to block mystic spells and arcane swords to cast them. Upon defeating Rakan, Rick obtains the Sword of Vijaya. The line to GTG's biological weapon research laboratory in Peru was disconnected when the office was covered with a mysterious black fog, which Rakan believes must have something to do with the Dark Dimension. Rakan exhorts Rick to enter in the tournament in Hong Kong that the president of GTG has decided to hold with the intent of deciding on the investigation party. Wandering around in Hong Kong, Rick learns that there is a phantom blocking the entrance to the coliseum who can only be banished with the help of a bracelet that can be bought at Shunran's store for coin that can be obtained by fighting Jiangshi and fire-raining ghouls. But after Rick pays Shunran, she admits to not having it and instead tells him the password that will convince a certain dragon statue to grant it to an honest man. Rick ventures beyond the waterfall in search of the stone dragon, and finds it in a cave inhabited by a gargoyle who is really a Tusk Soldier in disguise guarding the Sword of Kirik. The dragon grants Rick the bracelet, and tells him that he will obtain the Orb of Wisdom from the phantom when he defeats him. Rick goes back and ventures through another cave guarded by a gargoyle who turns is really a Tusk Soldier in disguise and finds and defeats the phantom, gets the Orb, and enters the tournament. He fights Litron the martial artist, Thornram the kickboxer, Shiro the karate fighter, The Mad Ape the wrestler, and Slugger Sam the boxer. Shiro and Slugger Sam are in fact Tusk soldiers, each guarding a dragma. Rick, Mary Lynn, and Hayato Go are declared the winners of the tournament, and thus the members of the investigation party. Once the triad is in airspace over Peru, one of Rick's orbs begins to flash, informing him that his traveling companions are Flying Warriors too. He places the Sword of Vijaya on their foreheads, then the three transform and jump out the plane. They fight their way to the jungle village, where they stumble upon the sole survivor of the first investigation party, Greg Cummings, who tells them that the demon Narga has been revived in the ruins at the entrance to the laboratory and joins their party, turning out to be a flying warrior himself. Pepe, who lives in a hut, tells them that they need to find a stone tablet in the ruins and place it in the statue of Narga so that the entrance to the laboratory can open behind the waterfall. The other villagers inform them that Narga cannot be defeated without the Sword of Kan and the Mirror of Venus, and that Maradora, a thief, is trapped in the ruins. The party fights through more jungle, where they pass a bird who claims to be perched on the Tree of Spirits. Within the ruins, the party finds a talking jar upstairs that turns out to be Maradora, upon whom the spirits cast a spell for stealing their treasures. After bringing him back to the Tree, Rick reminds him of the spell that he needs to cast to turn back into a human. In this way, Rick obtains the Sword of Kan. The party finds the stone tablet deep within the ruins and brings it to the statue of Narga upstairs, which slides over, revealing the Mirror of Venus. They go back to the waterfall, and fight Narga himself at the entrance to the laboratory. Only Rick's Fire Tornado, which the Sword of Kan affords him, is capable of bringing Narga back from hiding in the Dark Field. Defeating Narga, they go on into the laboratory, where they encounter several Tusk Soldiers and the dead body of the director of GTG. Dargon appears and forces Rick to participate in a second martial arts tournament, with more Tusk Soldiers participating, and Dargon himself defending the title. After the tournament, the Moonlight Warriors invite the Flying Warriors to battle them in the Dark Dimension, where they have revived Demonyx. At Peking Restaurant in New York's Chinatown, the Flying Warriors meet the Shadow Cult, who are determined to access and root out the Moonlight Warriors, and pick up its young leader, Jimmy Cutler Jr., who turns out to be the fifth Flying Warrior. Jimmy informs the rest of the party that they will need to go deep within a decaying subway station in order to find the portal to the Dark Dimension. They find the relief key deep within the abandoned subway, and use it to open up the portal to the dark dimension. They fight the Moonlight Warriors, Selenos, Lunatos, Seiros, and Zakros, for deeper access. Because they have through fighting obtained the orbs of Courage, Wisdom, Justice, and Love, as well as the five dragma of the Mandara Talisman, along the way, they are able to fight Demonyx; Jimmy Cutler Jr.'s Meteor Shower is able to force Demonyx to reveal himself; the five Flying Warriors combine to become Dragonlord, and seal Demonyx away until next time; then they head to New York. References 1991 video games Culture Brain games Nintendo Entertainment System games Hiryu no Ken Fighting games Video games developed in Japan Virtual Console games Virtual Console games for Wii U Single-player video games

4041721

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill%20Black%20%28businessman%29

Bill Black (businessman)

William Black, C.M. (born 1950) is a Canadian business leader. Early life and education Born in Halifax, Nova Scotia, Black graduated from the Halifax Grammar School. He then graduated from Dalhousie University with both a Bachelor of Arts and Bachelor of Science in 1970. He then went on to complete his actuarial training in 1974. Career with Maritime Life He started working for Maritime Life, a company that was co-founded by his great-grandfather, William Anderson Black, in 1922. Black entered senior management at 25, and eventually became president and CEO. During his nine years as president, the company saw continuous expansion and record profits with the number of jobs in Halifax more than doubling to over 1200. By 2004 the company had 3,000 employees and $15 billion in assets under management. Under his leadership, Maritime Life gained a solid reputation for employee relations and appearing every year among the leaders in the Report on Business list of top 50 employers in Canada. When Maritime's parent company, John Hancock Financial, was purchased by Manulife, Black resigned rather than move to Ontario. Board experience His board experience includes being Chair at the Halifax Chamber of Commerce, IWK Health Centre, Symphony Nova Scotia, and the Canadian Centre for Ethics in Public Affairs. He was Lead Director of the Bank of Canada from 2008–2012. He has also been on the board of Dalhousie University (Vice-chair), Standard Life of Canada (Deputy Chair), and Nova Scotia Business Inc. He chaired a summit on the future of economic development in Halifax, and in 2008 chaired the panel reviewing pension legislation and regulation in the Province of Nova Scotia. He currently sits on the boards of Shaw Group and the Global Risk Institute. In July 2015 he was appointed chair-designate of the Capital Markets Regulatory Authority. He has led a leadership seminar for senior executives since 2006 and is a regular columnist in the Halifax Chronicle Herald on public policy issues. Political career He ran in the leadership race for the Progressive Conservative Association of Nova Scotia in 2006, finishing second to Rodney MacDonald. Prior to seeking the leadership, Black was nominated as the Progressive Conservative candidate for Halifax Citadel. In the 2006 election, he was defeated, losing to New Democrat Leonard Preyra by 330 votes. Recognition In 2015, he was named a Member of the Order of Canada. References 1950 births Canadian businesspeople Canadian people of British descent People from Halifax, Nova Scotia Living people Dalhousie University alumni Progressive Conservative Association of Nova Scotia politicians Members of the Order of Canada Candidates in Nova Scotia provincial elections

4041725

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canine%20fossa

Canine fossa

In the musculoskeletal anatomy of the human head, lateral to the incisive fossa of the maxilla is a depression called the canine fossa. It is larger and deeper than the comparable incisive fossa, and is separated from it by a vertical ridge, the canine eminence, corresponding to the socket of the canine tooth; See also Fossa References External links UNC Bones of the head and neck Facial features Biological anthropology

4041741

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rocket%20Science%20%28Tribal%20Tech%20album%29

Rocket Science (Tribal Tech album)

Rocket Science is the tenth album by the jazz fusion band Tribal Tech released in 2000. It is also the last album of the band before the 2011 comeback. Track listing "Saturn 5" – 7:24 "Astro Chimp" – 3:21 "Song Holy Hall" – 4:59 "Rocket Science" – 9:14 "Sojlevska" – 4:04 "Mini Me" – 6:17 "Space Camel" – 5:28 "Moonshine" – 5:18 "Cap'n Kirk" – 3:01 "The Econoline" – 10:00 Personnel Scott Henderson - guitar Gary Willis - bass Scott Kinsey - keyboards Kirk Covington - drums References 2000 albums Tribal Tech albums

4041743

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark%20Currie

Mark Currie

Mark Currie is the name of: Mark Currie (games developer), games developer Mark John Currie (1795–1874), officer of the Royal Navy, explorer, and early settler in Western Australia Mark Currie (cricketer) (born 1979), English cricketer See also Mark Curry (disambiguation)

4041766

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transpartisan

Transpartisan

Transpartisan, or transpartisanship, represents an emerging paradigm of political thought which accepts the validity of truths across a range of political perspectives and seeks to synthesize them into an inclusive, pragmatic container beyond typical political dualities. It is distinct from bipartisanship, which aims to negotiate between "right" and "left", resulting in a dualistic perspective, and nonpartisanship, which tends to avoid political affiliation altogether. Philosophy Transpartisanship is a movement to support and advance a common ground—or "new center"—that already existed in U.S. politics, emerging periodically into public view in the form of "unusual coalitions" of progressives and conservatives around issues ranging from war and the military budget to corporate power and the surveillance state. The movement builds on methods of facilitated dialogue, deliberation and conflict resolution. Current examples of transpartisan initiatives include Transpartisan Center, TheSolution.org, Reuniting America, Transpartisan Alliance, and Liberty Coalition. Transpartisanship is an emerging field that advocates pragmatic and effective solutions to social and political problems, transcending and including preexisting political ideologies. Transpartisanship encompasses the idea that all systems are inextricably interconnected, and that successful outcomes can best be reached through inclusive, genuine, and respectful cooperation. Transpartisan democracy, in part, seeks to reintegrate the public's voice in identifying, debating, and shaping governmental policies, while continuing to protect the sovereignty of the individual. The term "transpartisanship" has emerged to provide a meaningful alternative to "bipartisanship" and "nonpartisanship". Bipartisanship limits the dialogue process to two political viewpoints or entities, striving for compromise solutions. Nonpartisanship, on the other hand, tends to deny the existence of differing viewpoints in exchange for cooperation. Both the bipartisan and nonpartisan approaches can discount the multiplicity of viewpoints that exist, which often results in incomplete and therefore unsuccessful outcomes. In contrast to these, transpartisanship recognizes the existence and validity of many points of view, and advocates a constructive dialogue aimed at arriving at creative, integrated, and therefore, breakthrough solutions that meet the needs of all present. Transpartisan gatherings have resulted not only in surprisingly civil conversations noted by mainstream media but also in shifts from traditional ideological stances by some participants. A close relative of transpartisanship is integral politics. A transpartisan approach to policy would necessarily include individual and collective, as well as subjective and objective, perspective. Furthermore, similar to integral theory, transpartisanship places politics in a developmental context, viewing democracy and prosperity not as static attainments, but rather emergent properties along a continuum of adult development. Transpartisan political parties En Marche! In 2016, Emmanuel Macron created a new French political party, En Marche. The party sought to transcend traditional political boundaries to be a transpartisan organisation. Macron has described the party as being a progressive party uniting the left and the right. Observers and political commentators have described the party as being both socially and economically liberal in ideology, Emmanuel Macron became the President of France. The party also won the National Assembly elections a month later, as candidates in the legislative elections included members of the Democratic Movement, as well as dissidents from the Socialist Party, The Republicans and minor parties. It won an absolute majority of seats in the National Assembly, securing 308 under its label and 42 for the MoDem. Binaa Sudan Party Binaa Sudan Party was established in February 2018 following an invitation from the Sudanese Shadow Government, a group of youth professionals who joined together to form a non-ideological organisation to produce a practical manifesto to put solutions for Sudan's state problems. Binaa Sudan Party (BSP) labels itself as a Transpartisan organization. BSP is the first Transpartisan political party in Africa and the MENA region and claims that the Sudanese Shadow Government, established 2013, is the first transpartisan organization that played an active rule in a political map. See also Postpartisan Radical centrism References External links Transpartisan Center TheSolution.org (TED Talk) Transpartisan Alliance Liberty Coalition Reuniting America Bipartisan vs. Transpartisan: And the Winner Is? An essay by Don Edward Beck The Bridge Alliance Political terminology Emergence

4041785

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nectanebo

Nectanebo

Two pharaohs of Ancient Egypt's 30th dynasty shared the name Nectanebo: Nectanebo I (ruled 380 to 362 BC) Nectanebo II (ruled 360 to 343 BC)

4041792

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Area%20code%20520

Area code 520

Area code 520 is a telephone area code in the North American Numbering Plan (NANP) for the U.S. state of Arizona. The numbering plan area comprises Tucson and most of the southeastern part of the state. Area code 520 was created in a split from area code 602 on March 19, 1995. Previously, 602 had been the sole area code for the entire state of Arizona since the introduction of area codes in 1947 until Arizona's rapid expansion during the second half of the 20th century, and the proliferation of mobile and data communication services in the 1990s required additional numbering resources. History Originally, 520 encompassed the entire state outside the Phoenix metropolitan area, as well as a few outer portions of western and southern Maricopa County. It completely surrounded 602, which was retained by most of the Phoenix area. Within two years of its creation, however, 520 was already close to exhaustion due to the rapid growth of the Tucson area (and to a lesser extent Yuma and Flagstaff) as well as the proliferation of cell phones and pagers. In 2001, the northern and western portions of the old 520 split off as area code 928. All of Pima, Santa Cruz and Cochise counties, most of Pinal County and part of far southern Maricopa County kept 520, while Yuma and La Paz counties, far western Maricopa County and all of northern Arizona were switched to 928. Prior to October 2021, area code 520 had telephone numbers assigned for the central office code 988. In 2020, 988 was designated nationwide as a dialing code for the National Suicide Prevention Lifeline, which created a conflict for exchanges that permit seven-digit dialing. This area code was therefore scheduled to transition to ten-digit dialing by October 24, 2021. Service area Counties Cochise Maricopa Pima Pinal Santa Cruz Municipalities Ajo Amado Arivaca Arizona City Bapchule Benson Bisbee Bowie Casa Grande Catalina Cochise Coolidge Cortaro Douglas Dragoon Elfrida Elgin Eloy Florence Fort Huachuca Green Valley Hereford Huachuca City Kearny Lukeville Mammoth Marana Maricopa McNeal Mount Lemmon Naco Nogales Oracle Oro Valley Patagonia Pearce Picacho Pirtleville Pomerene Red Rock Rillito Rio Rico Sacaton Sahuarita Saint David San Manuel San Simon Sasabe Sells Sierra Vista Sonoita Stanfield Superior Tombstone Topawa Tubac Tucson Tumacacori Vail Valley Farms Willcox References External links 520 520

4041793

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Like%20It%20or%20Not%20%28album%29

Like It or Not (album)

Like It or Not is a compilation album by American alternative rock band Caroline's Spine. Having parting ways with Hollywood Records, the band returned to their independent origins with this album. Some of the tracks are live recordings and one, "Moby Stick," is a drum solo by Jason Gilardi. Most tracks are available on previous albums, and this recording was largely intended to provide fans who may not have had a chance to acquire older albums to purchase a compilation album. Track listing All songs written by Jimmy Newquist. "Like it or Not" – 2:48 "Drift Away" – 3:16 "Overlooked" – 3:45 "Know Me at All" – 3:36 "Palm O' Mine" – 4:15 "Much Better" – 2:53 "Million Years" – 4:54 "Ouch" – 3:54 "Trippin' Laces" – 4:22 "Moby Stick" – 1:33 "Jumpship" – 3:50 "As I am" – 5:07 "Hold My Hand" – 4:38 "My World" – 3:10 "Forget" – 3:37 "Think About Me" – 3:48 "She's Coming Home" – 4:06 "On the Ground" – 2:23 "61" – 5:05 "Surprise" – 1:59 Band Lineup Jimmy Newquist - vocals, guitar, bass Mark Haugh - guitar, backing vocals Jason Gilardi - drums and percussion Scott Jones - bass, backing vocals 2000 compilation albums Caroline's Spine albums

4041794

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jimma%20University

Jimma University

Jimma University (JU) is a public research university located in Jimma, Oromia Region, Ethiopia. It is recognized as the leading national university, as ranked first by the Federal Ministry of Education for four successive years (2009–2012). The establishment of Jimma university dates back to 1952 when Jimma college of Agriculture was founded. The university got its current name in December 1999 following the amalgamation of Jimma College of Agriculture (founded in 1952) and Jimma Institute of Health Sciences (founded in 1983). Overview The university is located in the city of Jimma, situated around 352 kilometers southwest of Addis Ababa. Its grounds cover some 167 hectares. JU is Ethiopia's first innovative community-oriented educational institution of higher learning, with teaching centers for health care students in Jimma, Omo Nada, Shebe, Agaro, and Asendabo. JU is a pioneer in Public health training. It has academic and scientific collaboration with numerous national and international partners. JU also publishes the biannual Ethiopian Journal of Health Sciences, and launched the Jimma University Journal of Law in October 2007. Academics Jimma University is one of the largest and comprehensive public research universities in Africa. The university has more than 4,000 faculty and staff members. It also has twelve research facilities, a modern hospital, a community school, a community radio station (FM 102.0), an ICT center, libraries and revenue generating enterprises. The university is operating on four campuses and it is on the phase of establishing its fifth campus at Agaro. Currently, the university educates more than 43,000 students in 56 undergraduate and 103 postgraduate programs in regular, summer and distance education with more enrollments in the years to come. The university has many national and international linkages and collaborations in the area of research, education and community service. Its innovative educational philosophy, staff commitment and motivation and availability of better research facility have helped the university in attracting both national and international partners. Faculties, Institutes and Schools The university consists of the following academic units: School of Graduate Studies Institute of Technology Institute of Education and Professional Development Studies College Of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine College of Business and Economics College of Natural Sciences College of Humanities and Social Sciences . College of Law and Governance College of Public Health and Medical Sciences School of Art Agaro Campus Initiatives Jimma University is highly committed to pioneering concepts, as reflected in its motto, the university was initially founded based on the concept of Community-Based Education (CBE). Throughout its history, the university has been committed to this scheme, and almost all of the academic curriculum are based on CBE programs. Jimma University is the first university in Africa that has established an exclusive office under the President's office to supervise all innovative programs across the university. Jimma University College of Public Health and Medical Sciences The establishment of the College of Health Sciences of Jimma University (JU) can be traced back to 1983 with the birth of the then Jimma Institute of Health Sciences (JIHS). The very beginning of the establishment of JIHS is marked as a continuation of the Ras Desta Damtew Health Assistant Training School established in 1967 by the Ethio-Netherlands health project in the premises of Jimma Hospital. On this foundation, the School of Nursing was established in 1983. Subsequently, the School of Medicine as well as the School of Pharmacy emerged in 1985; the School of Medical Laboratory Technology and the School of Environmental Health launched in 1987 and 1988, respectively. Jimma University teaching Hospital (JUTH) is one of the oldest public hospitals in the country. It was established in 1922. Geographically, it is located in Jimma city 352 km southwest of the capital Addis Ababa. It has been governed under the Ethiopian government by the name of “Ras Desta Damtew Hospital” and later “Jimma Hospital" during Dergue regime and currently Jimma University Specialized Teaching Hospital. Though old for its age, it had not made remarkable physical facility improvement for years. However, in the later times it became evident that some side-wing buildings were constructed by different stakeholders at different times to respond to the ever-growing pressure of service demand and clinical teaching need derived from the public and Jimma University respectively. Especially, after transfer of its ownership to Jimma University, the university has made relentless efforts in extensive renovation and expansion work to make the hospital conducive for service, teaching and research. Cognizant of the fast growing service and teaching role of the hospital, the federal government considered construction of a new and level- best 600 bedded hospital which’ will be functional as of September 2015. Department of Materials Science & Engineering Department of Materials Science & Engineering, as a national role model for research-oriented departments, was established with a start-up budget of US$10 million. This is the first comprehensive department of materials science in Ethiopia, which offers all MSE programs. The main theme of the department research is nano-materials under supervision of Professor Ali Eftekhari, President of the American Nano Society. Notable alumni Gebisa Ejeta - 2009 World Food Prize winner (considered the Nobel prize of Agriculture) Lia Tadesse - Ethiopia Minister of Health Tefera Belachew - Renown nutrition professor References Educational institutions established in 1952 1952 establishments in Ethiopia Universities and colleges in Oromia Region

4041815

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drupatee%20Ramgoonai

Drupatee Ramgoonai

Drupatee Ramgoonai (; born 2 March 1958) is an Trinidadian and Tobagonian chutney and chutney soca musician. She was responsible for coining the term "chutney soca" in 1987 with her first album, entitled Chutney Soca, which included both English and Hindustani versions of the songs. She had her biggest hit the following year when her "(Roll Up the Tassa) Mr. Bissessar" was a Road March contender. She was instrumental in tassa and chutney soca finding its place in Carnival and her efforts later led to competitions such as Chutney Soca Monarch. Biography Drupatee Ramgoonai was born on Sunrees Road in Charlo Village, Penal, Saint Patrick County, (present-day region of Penal-Debe) , Trinidad and Tobago, on 2 March 1958 into a Hindu Indian family. She started singing alongside her mother in the mandir at a young age, then went on to learn Indian classical singing from her trainer Ustad James Ramsewak, a veteran in the field. She also gained exposure on Mastana Bahar, the Indian Cultural Pageant, winning the local song category in 1983 and 1984. Ramgoonai recorded her first crossover tune in 1987, entitled "Chutney Soca", and gained moderate success in the calypso tents. The term chutney soca was first coined by Drupatee Ramgoonai with that crossover tune "Chutney Soca" in 1987 and Ramgoonai is considered the mother of chutney soca. The following year, she released "Mr Bissessar (Roll Up de Tassa)". She has also released songs such as "Pepper", "Hotter Than a Chulha", "Careless Driver", "Motilal", "Tassawalley", and "Manzalina" and "Wuk Up D Ladki" with Machel Montano. She created history as being the first woman of Indian descent to sing calypso and soca and has been one of the main targets of those who are scandalised by women and Indians singing chutney, chutney soca, calypso, and soca. In 2016 Drupatee signed an exclusive digital distribution agreement with Fox Fuse, making her entire music catalog available digitally worldwide for the first time. Collaborations "Indian Gyal" – Drupatee and Machel Montano "Real Unity" – Drupatee and Machel Montano "Nani Wine Remix" – Drupatee and Crazy "Curry Tabanca" – Drupatee and Mighty Trini "Roll Up De Tassa" – Drupatee, ft. Alison Hinds "Be Mines Tonight" – Drupatee and Blazer "Jep Sting Naina" – Drupatee, ft. Hunter (Lalchan Babwa), D'Hitman (Neeshan Prabhoo), Ravi Bissambhar, Anil Bheem, and Andy Singh "Nazron Se Kehdo" - Drupatee and Satnarine Ragoo "Mujko Thand" -Drupatee and D'Hitman (Neeshan Prabhoo) References 20th-century Trinidad and Tobago women singers 1945 births Chutney musicians Living people People from Penal–Debe Trinidad and Tobago Hindus

4041831

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael%20Houston%20%28football%20manager%29

Michael Houston (football manager)

Michael 'Mickey' Houston is an Irish Gaelic football manager. He is a former manager of St Eunan's and a selector on the county panel during Mickey Moran's tenure. While working with the senior team he quit after a public falling out with Moran over the substitutions of John Gildea, Johnny McCafferty and Raymond Sweeney during a game. Houston has been linked with the senior Donegal job in the past. References Year of birth missing (living people) Living people Gaelic football managers Gaelic football selectors Place of birth missing (living people) People associated with St Eunan's College

4041834

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89lys%C3%A9e%20Montmartre

Élysée Montmartre

Élysée Montmartre () is a music venue located at 72 Boulevard de Rochechouart, Paris, France. It opened in 1807, burned down in 2011, reopened in 2016, and has a capacity of 1,380 patrons. The nearest métro station is Anvers. Origins The Élysée Montmartre was originally a ballroom inaugurated in 1807 where the famous Can-Can was performed among others dances during the 19th century. In 1900, the venue was damaged by fire and re-decorated. After the Second World War, it started hosting boxing matches. Notable productions The piece The Mask by Maupassant takes place in the venue. Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec created several paintings here as well. From the mid-1970s to mid-1980s, a wide variety of French and international performers gained notoriety at the location, including Patti Smith, Alain Souchon, and Jacques Higelin. In 1992, Steel Pulse released their first live album, Rastafari Centennial - Live in Paris, which was recorded over three nights at the venue. David Bowie's performance, during the Hours Tour, on 14 October 1999, was filmed and recorded, with three songs later appearing on the CD single of "Survive". A heavily edited recording was released to streaming services as a live album entitled "Something In The Air (Live Paris '99)" in 2020; and later in limited quantities on physical media on 12 March 2021. In 2005, Cradle of Filth recorded their live DVD, Peace Through Superior Firepower at the venue. The performance was filmed on 2 April 2005. In 2007, Counting Crows re-released their debut album, August and Everything After, as a two-disc deluxe edition. The second disc is a recording of a performance at the theatre on 9 December 1994. The venue is mentioned in The Roots' song, "You Got Me", as a place where the subject saw the band and narrator perform, even though they both lived in the same building in Philadelphia. Recent history The room returned to its original vocation in 1995 with dancing evenings animated by the Grand Orchestre de L’Élysée Montmartre and it is now one of the most famous music venues in the city. Finnish Metal band Sonata Arctica were the last band to perform at "Élysée" before it caught fire on 16 March 2011. On 22 March 2011 in the morning, the building caught fire. The venue was purchased by Julien Labrousse and Abel Nahmias in 2013, it was rebuilt completely under the direction of Julien Labrousse, it reopened in September 2016 with a concert of Matthieu Chedid. References External links Élysée Montmartre official site Venue description Music venues in Paris Buildings and structures in the 18th arrondissement of Paris 1807 establishments in France Montmartre Music venues in France

4041839

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yao%20Xing

Yao Xing

Yao Xing (; 366–416), courtesy name Zilüe (子略), formally Emperor Wenhuan of (Later) Qin ((後)秦文桓帝), was an emperor of the Qiang-led Chinese Later Qin dynasty. He was the son of the founding emperor Yao Chang (Emperor Wucheng). For most of his reign, he did not use the title of emperor, but used the title Heavenly King (Tian Wang). During his reign, he destroyed the rival Former Qin and proceeded to expand his hegemony over nearly all of western China, as he temporarily seized all of Western Qin's territory and forced Southern Liang, Northern Liang, Western Liáng, and Qiao Zong's Western Shu (西蜀) all to at least nominally submit to him, but late in his reign, defeats on the battlefield, particularly at the hands of the rebel general Helian Bobo (who founded Xia), and internecine struggles between his sons and nephews greatly damaged the Later Qin state, and it was destroyed soon after his death. Yao Xing was an avid Buddhist, and it was during his reign that Buddhism first received official state support in China. The monk Kumarajiva also visited Chang'an at Yao Xing's request in 401. Before and during Yao Chang's reign Yao Xing was born in 366, when his father Yao Chang was a general under the Former Qin emperor Fu Jiān. (Who his mother was is open to interpretation; Yao Chang's wife, the later Empress She, was mentioned as his mother, but when Yao Xing later became emperor, he posthumously honored one of Yao Chang's concubines, Consort Sun, as empress dowager, which allows an inference that he could have been born of Consort Sun but raised by Empress She, but there is no conclusive evidence.) Not much is known about his life under Former Qin rule, other than that when he grew older, he served as an assistant to Fu Jiān's crown prince Fu Hong (苻宏). When Yao Chang declared a rebellion and established Later Qin in 384, Yao Xing was at the Former Qin capital Chang'an, and he immediately fled to his father. For the next several years, as Yao Chang fought with Former Qin and Western Yan, Yao Xing was often entrusted with guarding the base of operations (initially Beidi (北地, in modern Tongchuan, Shaanxi), later Chang'an after Western Yan captured and then abandoned it), while his father engaged in campaigns. In 386, after Yao Chang declared himself emperor, he created Yao Xing crown prince. He was considered to be firm and gracious, and he spent much time studying literature despite the work necessary in maintaining home base. In 392, while Yao Chang was away on a campaign, Yao Xing, at the suggestion of the general Yao Fangcheng (姚方成), executed a number of Former Qin generals whom Yao Chang had taken captive earlier. While Yao Chang was angry on the surface, he appeared to be secretly happy that Yao Xing realized the danger that these generals posed. In 393, when the Former Qin emperor Fu Deng attacked the Later Qin vassal Dou Chong, Yao Chang, at the suggestion of the prime minister Yin Wei (尹緯), sent Yao Xing against Fu Deng, in order to establish Yao Xing's authority over the troops. Yao Xing was able to stop Fu Deng's attack on Dou fairly easily. Around the new year 393, Yao Chang fell seriously ill. He told Yao Xing, on his death bed, to trust the several officials that he entrusted his administration with—Yin, Yao Huang (姚晃), Yao Damu (姚大目), and Di Bozhi (狄伯支). When Yao Huang asked Yao Chang for strategies to defeat Fu Deng, Yao Chang refused to answer, merely stating that he trusted that Yao Xing would be able to accomplish it. He soon died, and Yao Xing succeeded him, although initially not keeping Yao Chang's death a secret and entrusting the troops to his uncles Yao Xu (姚緒) and Yao Shuode (姚碩德) and his brother Yao Chóng (姚崇), while preparing a campaign against Former Qin. Early reign: establishment of Later Qin as regional power Despite Yao Xing's hopes of keeping his father's death a secret, Fu Deng received news of it anyway—and immediately prepared a major attack against Later Qin. Fu Deng had his brother Fu Guang (苻廣) defend the base of Yongcheng (雍城, in modern Baoji, Shaanxi) and Fu Chong defend the base of Hu Kong Castle (胡空堡, in modern Xianyang, Shaanxi), and, in his anxiety, did not make sure that his army had sufficient water supply. Yao Xing set up his army at Mawei (馬嵬, in modern Xianyang, Shaanxi) to prevent Former Qin forces from reaching the river near Mawei, and Former Qin forces were stricken by thirst, but still fought harder. Yao Xing initially ordered Yin to be cautious, but Yin, realizing the trouble the Former Qin forces were already in and believing that morale would be destroyed if he undertook a cautious strategy, fought back fervently, and the Former Qin forces collapsed. Upon hearing the defeat, Fu Deng's brother Fu Guang (苻廣) and son Fu Chong abandoned the two bases that they were holding, and Fu Deng was unable to recapture them. He then sought help from the King of Western Qin, Qifu Gangui, who sent a relief force headed by Qifu Yizhou (乞伏益州). As Fu Deng sought to join up with Qifu Yizhou, Yao Xing ambushed and captured him, and then executed him. He disbanded Fu Deng's troops and gave Fu Deng's Empress Li to Yao Huang. Fu Deng's crown prince Fu Chong would assume imperial title and attempt to resist Later Qin a few months longer, but later in the year died in battle against Western Qin after Qifu Gangui turned against him, ending Former Qin. Later Qin assumed nearly all of Former Qin's remaining territory. Around the new year 395, Later Qin established peace with Later Yan, thus obviating likelihood of war on the eastern border—although later in 395, when Later Yan's crown prince Murong Bao carried out a disastrous campaign against Northern Wei's King Tuoba Gui, Later Qin sent a relief force to aid Northern Wei, although Later Qin forces did not actually engage Later Yan. Further, in 397, with Later Yan under heavy attack by Northern Wei after its founding emperor Murong Chui died and was replaced by Murong Bao, Later Qin refused to provide aid to Later Yan. Later in 397, Empress Dowager She died. Yao Xing was described to be in such great mourning that he was unable to handle matters of state for some time. After that had passed, however, he continued to wear mourning clothes. Overall, during this period, Yao Xing was described by historians as diligent and willing to listen to different opinions, ruling the empire efficiently. He engaged in a number of campaigns on the various borders, enlarging Later Qin's territories and influence. In 399, Yao Xing sent his brother Yao Chóng the Duke of Qi and the general Yang Foxong (楊佛嵩) to attack the important Jin city of Luoyang, and in winter 399 captured Luoyang and the surrounding cities. Also in 399, Yao Xing, in response to astrological signs that were considered signs of disaster, stopped claiming the title of emperor, instead using the title "Heavenly King" (Tian Wang), to show humility to the gods. He also accordingly demoted his officials and noble by one rank. In 400, Yao Xing sent his uncle Yao Shuode the Duke of Longxi to launch a major attack against Western Qin. Despite Western Qin's initial success in cutting of Yao Shuode's supply line, Yao Xing himself led a force to aid yao Shuode, defeating Western Qin's king Qifu Gangui in battle, nearly capturing Qifu Gangui's entire army and proceeding to take most of Western Qin's cities. Qifu Gangui himself surrendered to Southern Liang's king Tufa Lilugu, thus temporarily ending Western Qin's existence. In fall 400, believing that he was being suspected by Tufa Lilugu, Qifu Gangui fled from Southern Liang and surrendered to Later Qin. Yao Xing created him the Marquess of Guiyi and, in 401, took the unusual action of giving Qifu Gangui his army back and ordering him to defend his old capital Wanchuan (苑川, in modern Baiyin, Gansu), and while Qifu Gangui was in name a Later Qin general, he acted independently at times. Later in 401, Yao Xing, under suggestion from Yao Shuode, launched a major attack against Later Liang. To avoid conflict, Tufa Lilugu ordered Southern Liang forces to yield a path for Later Qin forces, and Yao Shuode therefore easily reached the Later Liang capital Guzang (姑臧, in modern Wuwei, Gansu), putting the city under siege. Southern Liang, Northern Liang, and Western Liang all sent messengers submitting as vassals. After two months of siege, Later Liang's emperor Lü Long also submitted as a vassal, and was given the title Duke of Jiankang, although he remained in control of Guzang and continued to use the Heavenly King title internally as well. Northern Liang's duke Juqu Mengxun became so apprehensive that he offered to yield his territory and relocate his entire army into Later Qin proper, but later reneged on the promise, although he remained Later Qin vassal for years. (Despite their status as Later Qin vassals, however, the various Liang states continued to battle against each other.) Middle reign: entrenchment and stagnation Around the new year 402, Northern Wei attacked the Later Qin vassal Mo Yigan (沒奕干), and this led to the breakdown of relations between Northern Wei and Later Qin. When Northern Wei's Emperor Daowu (Tuoba Gui) sought marriage with Later Qin, Yao Xing, because of this and because he heard that Emperor Daowu already had Empress Murong as his wife, refused. In summer 402, Yao Xing personally led a major attack against Northern Wei, which had by this point taken over nearly all of Later Yan's territory north of the Yellow River. In fall 402, Yao Xing's forward commander Yao Ping (姚平) the Duke of Yiyang was surrounded by Northern Wei's Emperor Daowu at Chaibi (柴壁, in modern Linfen, Shanxi), and despite counterattacks by both Yao Ping and Yao Xing, the Northern Wei siege became increasingly tighter, and in winter 402, Yao Ping and his army were captured following a failed attempt to break out, ending Yao Xing's campaign against Northern Wei. Also in 402, Yao Xing created his concubine Consort Zhang empress. He also created his son Yao Hong as crown prince and other sons as dukes. (Yao Xing had long wanted to create Yao Hong, described as kind, loving, and studious, as crown prince, but hesitated because Yao Hong was also regarded as having a weak personality and prone to illnesses.) Around this time, Yao Xing also appeared to have become a devout Buddhist, under the influence of the monk Kumarajiva. This appeared to have a major influence on his actions later on—as he appeared to avoid decisive actions that may lead to many deaths, while trying to act gently toward his enemies. This had an unfortunately deleterious effect on his empire, which, for the most part, stopped expanding. In 405, he gave Kumaraijiva an honorific title, treating him like a god, and often led his officials in listening to Kumaraijiva's sermons. At his request, Kumarajiva translated more than 300 sutras into Chinese. Yao Xing also built many towers and temples. Because of his influence, it was described that 90% of the population became Buddhists. In 403, with his Later Liang state continuously under attack by Northern Liang and Southern Liang, Lü Long surrendered the Guzang region—the only territory still remaining under Later Liang control—to Later Qin, thus ending Later Liang. Yao Xing moved Lü Long and his clan to Chang'an and made him and his brother Lü Chao (呂超) officials. However, because Northern Liang and Southern Liang were only nominal vassals, Guzang was effectively a lone island of Later Qin control. In 404, Southern Liang's king Tufa Rutan (Tufa Lilugu's brother) stopped claiming kingly title and using his own era name, in a further showing of submission to Later Qin, although internally he remained effectively independent. In 405, at the request of the Jin general Liu Yu, Yao Xing returned 12 commanderies that had switched their allegiance from Jin to Later Qin during the Jin civil war from 398 to 405, despite his officials' opposition. (This gesture, however, would not be reciprocated by Liu, who would destroy Later Qin after Yao Xing's death.) In 406, in response to Tufa Rutan's tribute of 3,000 horses and 30,000 sheep, Yao Xing became so touched that he yielded Guzang to Tufa Rutan, thus ending Later Qin's actual control of the Guzang region. In 407, believing that Qifu Gangui was becoming difficult to control, when Qifu Gangui arrived in Chang'an for an official visit, he detained Qifu Gangui to be a civilian official, while giving command of Qifu Gangui's army to Qifu Gangui's heir apparent, Qifu Chipan. Later in 407, Later Qin and Northern Wei agreed to peace—returning previously captured generals to each other. The Later Qin general Liu Bobo (who would later change his name to Helian Bobo), who was then in charge of Shuofang (朔方, in modern Ordos, Inner Mongolia), because his father Liu Weichen (劉衛辰) had been killed by Northern Wei forces in 391, became angry and declared a rebellion, establishing Xia. Liu Bobo used guerrilla tactics against Later Qin, wearing Later Qin's armies and cities down. From this point on, Later Qin began to decline. Late reign: gradual weakening of Later Qin In 407, Murong Chao, the emperor of Southern Yan, whose mother and wife were then in Later Qin, requested to have them delivered to Southern Yan. Yao Xing agreed to do so if Murong Chao would agree to be a vassal and either deliver Former Qin palatial musicians (who were taken by Western Yan and eventually passed through Later Yan and then Southern Yan) or 1,000 Jin citizens to Later Qin, before his request would be agreed. Murong Chao agreed to yield as vassal, and delivered the musicians to Later Qin. Yao Xing then delivered his mother and wife to him, along with gifts. Also in 407, Qiao Zong, who had taken control of Jin's Yi Province (modern Chongqing and Sichuan) and declared himself the King of Chengdu, became a Later Qin vassal. In 408, noticing that Southern Liang was under severe attack by its neighbors (including having suffered a terrible defeat to Xia in 407), Yao Xing launched a campaign to try to destroy Southern Liang, despite opposition by his official Wei Zong (韋宗), who felt that Tufa Rutan would not be defeated easily. He commissioned his son Yao Bi (姚弼) the Duke of Guangping along with Qifu Gangui and Lian Cheng (斂成) to attack Southern Liang, while simultaneously commission Qi Nan (齊難) to attack Xia. Both ventures ended badly. Yao Bi and later Yao Xian (姚顯) the Duke of Changshan were defeated by Tufa Rutan, and Yao Xing was forced to agree to a new peace with Southern Liang while having lost prestige based on the defeat. Even more disastrous was the Qi's mission, however, as Qi fell into a trap laid by Liu Bobo and was captured with his entire army, causing all of modern northern Shaanxi to fall into Xia hands. Later in 408, Tufa Rutan effectively repudiated his vassal status by again claiming the title King of Liang (instead of the Later Qin-created title of Duke of Guangwu) and changing era name. Around this time, there also began to be increasing tendencies by Yao Xing's brothers and sons to plot to take over power. For example, in 409, his brother Yao Chōng (姚沖, note different tone than another brother) tried to force Di Bozhi to join him in a plot to attack Chang'an, and when Di refused, poisoned Di to death, but was discovered later and forced to commit suicide. Also in 409, Qifu Gangui escaped and returned to Wanchuan to join his son Qifu Chipan. He soon redeclared independence and reestablished Western Qin as its king. He soon launched several campaigns against Later Qin and inflicted substantial damage, although he would apologize in 411 and again declared himself a Later Qin vassal. Later that year, however, he resumed his attacks. Later in 409, the Jin general Liu Yu launched a major attack on Southern Yan, which sought aid from Later Qin. Initially, Yao Xing sent messengers to try to persuade Liu Yu to withdraw, and also sent a relief force commanded by Yao Qiang (姚強), but was forced to withdraw Yao Qiang's force when he suffered a major loss at Liu Bobo's hands and was nearly captured. Without aid from Later Qin, Southern Yan fell to Jin in early 410. Later in 410, at Qiao Zong's request, Yao Xing sent an army commanded by Gou Lin (苟林) to join Qiao Zong's army, commanded by Huan Qian (桓謙) and Qiao Daofu (譙道福) to attack Jin's Jing Province (荊州, modern Hunan and central Hubei). However, Liu Yu's brother Liu Daogui (劉道規) defeated both armies, killing Huan Qian and forcing Gou to flee. As of 411, Yao Bi, who was greatly favored by Yao Xing, was deep into a conspiracy to try to undermine the crown prince Yao Hong. In 412, Qifu Gangui was assassinated by his nephew Qifu Gongfu (乞伏公府), the son of the founding king Qifu Guoren. Many Later Qin officials try to persuade Yao Xing to take the opportunity, as Qifu Gongfu and Qifu Chipan battled for control of the state, to attack Western Qin. Yao Xing refused, believing it improper to attack a state that was still mourning. Also in 412, Yao Xing created his concubine Consort Qi empress. (No historical record gave the date when Yao Xing's first empress Empress Zhang died, but presumably she had by this point.) In 413, Liu Yu's general Zhu Lingshi (朱齡石) attacked Qiao Zong's Western Shu state and destroyed it, reannexing it to Jin. Yao Xing, although Western Shu's suzerain, was unable to aid it. In 414, Yao Bi made several attempts to be made crown prince by having officials close to him suggesting Yao Xing to replace Yao Hong with him. Yao Xing refused, but did not rebuke Yao Bi. Yao Xing grew seriously ill that year, and Yao Bi planned a coup to take over. His brother Yao Yu revealed his plot to the other brothers Yao Yi, Yao Huang, Yao Chen, and Yao Xuan, who mobilized their own forces to be ready to attack Yao Bi if necessary. Yao Xing was forced to relieve Yao Bi of his posts, and the other sons demobilized and arrived at Chang'an for an official visit. The sons accused Yao Bi of many crimes, but Yao Xing took no further action. Indeed, in 415, Yao Bi retaliated by falsely accusing Yao Xuan of crimes, and Yao Xing arrested Yao Xuan. In summer 415, the Jin general Sima Xiuzhi (司馬休之), having been forced to escape after Liu Yu attacked him, fled to Later Qin. Yao Xing commissioned Sima Xiuzhi with an army to let him harass Jin borders, despite warnings by his officials of a prophecy that the Simas would regain Guanzhong and the Luoyang region. In fall 415, Yao Xing fell ill again, and Yao Bi secretly gathered forces again to plan a coup. Yao Xing found out and arrested Yao Bi, but at Yao Hong's urging did not execute him but instead released him. In winter 415, Yao Xing sent his daughter, the Princess Xiping, to Northern Wei to be married to Emperor Daowu's son Emperor Mingyuan, in order to affirm the alliance between the two states. Emperor Mingyuan welcomed her with the ceremony due an empress. However, Princess Xiping was unable to forge a golden statue, as required by Tuoba Tribe traditions to be a sign of divine favor, to become an empress, so she was only created an imperial consort, but she was treated with the honors due an empress. In 416, Yao Xing went on a trip to Huayin (華陰), near Chang'an, and fell ill on the trip and headed back to Chang'an. His attendant Yin Chong (尹沖) -- one of Yao Bi's supporters—planned to then assassinate Yao Hong as Yao Hong would come out of the city to welcome Yao Xing. Yao Hong's supporters received news of this and persuaded Yao Hong not to come out to welcome Yao Xing. Yin's assistant Yao Shami (姚沙彌) then tried to persuade Yin to take Yao Xing and join with Yao Bi to seize power, but Yin hesitated and did not do so. Once Yao Xing returned to the Chang'an palace, he transferred power to Yao Hong and ordered Yao Bi arrested. Meanwhile, Yao Xing's son Yao Geng'er (姚耕兒), believing that Yao Xing had died, persuaded his brother Yao Yin (姚愔) the Duke of Nanyang to start a coup, and Yao Yin joined with Yin Chong (perhaps in anticipatory support of Yao Bi's claims) to attack the palace, battling with Yao Hong's troops. Yao Xing, despite his illness, made an appearance and announced an edict ordering Yao Bi to commit suicide. As soon as Yao Yin's troops saw Yao Xing, they abandoned Yao Yin. That night, Yao Xing entrusted Yao Hong's administration to his brother Yao Shao (姚紹) the Duke of Dongping, Liang Xi (梁喜), Yin Zhao (尹昭), and Lian Manwei (斂曼嵬), and he died the next day. Yao Hong succeeded him, but he soon had to face even more challenges from his brothers and cousins as well as attacks by Xia and Jin, and by 417 Later Qin had fallen to Jin. Personal information Father Yao Chang (Emperor Wucheng) Mother Empress She (but might be Consort Sun) Wives Empress Zhang (created 402) Empress Qi (created 412) Children Yao Hong (姚泓), the Crown Prince (created 402), later emperor Yao Yi (姚懿), the Duke of Taiyuan (created 402) Yao Bi (姚弼), the Duke of Guangping (created 402, forced to commit suicide 416) Yao Huang (姚洸), the Duke of Chenliu (created 402) Yao Xuan (姚宣), Duke (created 402, executed by Yao Shao 416) Yao Chen (姚諶), Duke (created 402) Yao Yin (姚愔), the Duke of Nanyang (created 402, executed by Yao Hong 416) Yao Pu (姚璞), the Duke of Pingyuan (created 402, executed by Liu Yu 417) Yao Zhi (姚質), Duke (created 402) Yao Kui (姚逵), Duke (created 402) Yao Yu (姚裕), Duke (created 402) Yao Guoer (姚國兒), Duke (created 402) Yao Geng'er (姚耕兒) Yao Huangmei (姚黃眉), Duke of Longxi of Northern Wei Princess Xiping, concubine of Emperor Mingyuan of Northern Wei References Later Qin emperors 366 births 416 deaths Former Qin people Former Qin Buddhists Later Qin Buddhists Later Qin generals 5th-century Chinese monarchs 4th-century Chinese monarchs Chinese Buddhist monarchs

4041845

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1987%20Australian%20federal%20election

1987 Australian federal election

The 1987 Australian federal election was held in Australia on 11 July 1987, following the granting of a double dissolution on 5 June by the Governor-General Sir Ninian Stephen. Consequently, all 148 seats in the House of Representatives as well as all 76 seats in the Senate were up for election. The incumbent Australian Labor Party, led by Prime Minister Bob Hawke, defeated the opposition Liberal Party of Australia, led by John Howard and the National Party of Australia led by Ian Sinclair. This was the first, and to date only, time the Labor Party won a third consecutive election. Future Opposition Leader John Hewson entered parliament at this election. Since the introduction in the previous election in 1984 of leaders' debates, this was the only election in which there was not at least one leaders' debate due to Hawke's refusal to debate Howard. Background The Hawke Government had been in power since the general election of 1983, and had been re-elected in the snap election of 1984, although with a decreased majority. Hawke, in partnership with Treasurer Paul Keating, had pursued an ambitiously reformist agenda over the course of his time in office, which included floating the Australian dollar, reducing tariffs on imports and completely reforming the tax system. However, the government's popularity dropped sharply throughout the course of its 1984–87 term, mostly due to a series of blunders such as its failed 'tax summit' (designed to gain support for Keating's proposed consumption tax), and declining terms of trade, which Treasurer Keating argued threatened to reduce Australia to the status of a banana republic unless tough measures were taken to correct the balance of trade. Meanwhile, for much of the 1984–87 term, the opposition Liberal-National coalition led in the polls, leading to speculation that it could regain office in 1987. However, both coalition parties were also wracked by infighting throughout the parliament. In September 1985, Andrew Peacock, who had led the party to a surprising rebound in the 1984 general election, was replaced as leader of the Liberal party by the then Deputy Leader and Shadow Treasurer John Howard, after a botched effort to remove the latter from the Deputy Leadership and replace him with Queenslander John Moore, resulting in Peacock's resignation. Nonetheless, the party remained divided, as Howard was seen by some Liberals as being too far to the right, and these opponents of the Howard policy agenda rallied to Peacock, who was eventually sacked from the shadow ministry in March 1987, following unfortunate remarks regarding Howard by Peacock to Victorian state opposition leader Jeff Kennett in an infamous car phone conversation. Moreover, Howard and National Party leader Ian Sinclair faced challenges from the right as well as the left of the coalition, in the form of Queensland premier Sir Joh Bjelke-Petersen. Premier since 1968, Bjelke-Petersen was a hardline conservative who aggressively opposed the "socialist" Hawke Labor government, and believed that he could transfer the style of politics that had served him so well in his native Queensland to the federal stage. Following a decisive electoral victory in Queensland in 1986, the so-called Joh for Canberra campaign began in earnest, supported by much of the Queensland business establishment (the infamous "white shoe brigade"), with Bjelke-Petersen announcing that he intended to run for the Prime Ministership on 1 January 1987. At the end of February 1987, the Queensland National Party decided to withdraw its twelve federal members of parliament from the Coalition, and demanded that federal National Party leader Ian Sinclair also withdraw because of "basic differences in taxation and other philosophies and policies" between the Liberal and National parties. Within the Queensland National Party, the party president Sir Robert Sparkes enforced support for Bjelke-Petersen, making practical opposition within the Queensland ranks unlikely. The Coalition formally split in early May, with the National Party voting to break the federal coalition, and Ian Sinclair looking increasingly impotent and unable to ensure the loyalty of National Party members. However, it was at this point that Bob Sparkes reneged on his loyalty to Bjelke-Petersen and withdrew from the campaign. With his pool of supporters steadily decreasing, the likelihood of an effective challenge to the federal Coalition from Bjelke-Petersen began to collapse. When the election was called on 27 May, Bjelke-Petersen was in the United States, and quickly decided to withdraw from his bid for federal power. However, the federal coalition had been broken, and Howard's credibility as a challenger to the Hawke government had been severely damaged. Campaign The 1987 federal election was called 6 months early by Prime Minister Hawke to capitalise on the aforementioned disunity in the opposition. The nominal trigger for the double dissolution was the rejection of legislation for the Australia Card by the Senate, but it did not figure prominently in the campaign, and Labor Senate Leader John Button even burst into laughter when referring to it in his speech announcing the election. Caught off guard by the early election, the opposition quickly ran into difficulties when the funding for its flagship tax cut proposals was revealed to have been miscalculated by some $540 million (at the time), a mistake brought up by the Labor party and conceded by Howard. Furthermore, although the Joh for Canberra push had been abandoned, the resulting schism between the Nationals and Liberals led to several three-cornered contests and the National Party ran independent Senate tickets in every state except New South Wales. Labor therefore chose to campaign strongly on the disunity amongst the opposition parties, contrasting it with the relative unity of purpose of the Labor Government. However, aside from these issues, the 1987 campaign failed to generate great excitement on the part of the electorate, and the opposition was viewed as unlikely (particularly in view of the infighting that had recently taken place on the conservative side of politics) to be able to remove the Labor party from power. This was a view strengthened by much of the polling during the campaign, which generally showed Labor with a commanding lead. This election was the last time the Liberals and Nationals competed directly against each other in a federal election. Results House of Representatives results Senate results This was the first election in which the AEC conducted a special recount (under 1983 legislation) for the purpose of allocating three- and six-year senate terms. The recount results were not used. Seats changing hands Members listed in italics did not contest their seat at this election. Analysis Hawke led Labor to a record third successive term in government, despite finishing slightly behind the Coalition in the first-preference vote (the first time that a party had won an election in spite of this since 1969), and suffering a swing of some 0.9% to the Coalition in the two-party-preferred vote. Nonetheless, Labor's result of 86 seats was the party's highest ever (the total number of seats was expanded by 23 in 1984), and the party made particularly strong gains in Bjelke-Petersen's native Queensland, gaining four seats to bring their Queensland tally to 13 of 24 seats. The Liberals suffered a net loss of two seats, primarily due to losses in Queensland, although they did make small gains in Howard's native New South Wales and in Victoria. The federal National Party also suffered a net loss of two seats, failing to expand upon its traditional rural base and hampered by disunity within its ranks. This was the most recent election in which every seat in the House of Representatives was won by either Labor or the Coalition. Following the election, John Howard stayed on as leader of the Liberal Party, and would eventually become Prime Minister in 1996. However, the experience of the 1987 campaign is said to have been the origin of his oft-repeated remark that, in politics, "disunity is death". Meanwhile, Hawke would go on to win a fourth-consecutive election for the Labor party, but was eventually replaced as Labor leader and Prime Minister by Paul Keating in 1991. See also Candidates of the Australian federal election, 1987 Members of the Australian House of Representatives, 1987-1990 Members of the Australian Senate, 1987-1990 Notes References Bibliography Further reading University of WA election results in Australia since 1890 AEC 2PP vote AustralianPolitics.com election details Green, P. and Maley, M.,The Australian general election of 1987, Electoral Studies, Volume 7, Issue 1, April 1988, Pages 67–69. 1987 elections in Australia Bob Hawke Federal elections in Australia July 1987 events in Australia

4041851

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argonauta%20bottgeri

Argonauta bottgeri

Argonauta bottgeri, also known as Böttger's argonaut, is a species of pelagic octopus belonging to the genus Argonauta. The female of the species, like all argonauts, creates a paper-thin eggcase that coils around the octopus much like the way a nautilus lives in its shell (hence the name paper nautilus). A. bottgeri is the smallest argonaut species. The eggcase rarely exceeds 50 mm in diameter, although exceptional specimens have been known to grow up to 67.0 mm. A. bottgeri is similar to Argonauta hians, but differs in having more pronounced ribs and prominent tubercles on the keel. The eggcase does not have winged protrusions as is sometimes the case with A. hians. It is generally darker than that of any other species, ranging in colour from ochre-yellow to almost black, although completely white specimens have been reported from South African waters. The eggcase is finely granulated and normally lacks the porcelain-like shine of other species. A. bottgeri is best known from the waters off southern and eastern Africa, although it has also been reported from other parts of the Indian Ocean and from the western Pacific Ocean. The locus classicus of A. bottgeri is Mozambique. A. bottgeri feeds primarily on pelagic molluscs, especially heteropods and pteropods, with other octopods constituting a smaller portion of the animal's diet. Females from Japanese waters have been reported to prey on the pteropod Carolina tridentata. The species is preyed on by numerous predators. A. bottgeri has been reported in the stomach contents of yellowfin tuna from the Indian Ocean. Males of this species reach sexual maturity at a mantle length (ML) of about 7 mm, presumably the maximum size attained. Females begin to secrete an eggcase at 6.5 to 7 mm ML. Female A. bottgeri as small as 11 to 13 mm ML have been reported with hectocotyli in the mantle cavity. They mature at about half the size of Argonauta argo. Eggs are usually laid when females reach 14 or 15 mm ML, although the size at which this takes place differs across the animal's range. It has been reported that the egg clusters of A. bottgeri can be clearly divided into three portions, each with eggs at a similar developmental stage. The first lies closest to the aperture of the eggcase and contains eggs at an early stage of development. The second is located in the middle of the mass and contains eggs at a later stage of development, ranging from the appearance of red eye pigmentation to the beginning of chromatophore formation. The third portion lies furthest from the aperture of the eggcase and consists of eggs with embryos that are ready to hatch, having a fully formed ink sac, chromatophores, and dark coloured eyes. Similar development has been observed in the egg masses of Argonauta nodosa from southern Australia. Egg laying is thought to occur at night and it has been suggested that the three stages of development may represent the products of three successive nights. A. bottgeri is known to cling to objects floating on the surface of the sea, including other argonauts. Chains of up to 30 argonauts of similar size have been reported. The first female in such chains usually clings to some inanimate object, while the other females hold on to the ventral part of the shell of the preceding animal. A. bottgeri is named after Oskar Boettger. The orthographic variant "Argonauta boettgeri" is sometimes encountered. A. bottgeri does not appear to have any nomenclatural synonyms. The type locality and type repository of A. bottgeri are unknown. References E. A. Smith (1887). Notes on Argonauta böttgeri. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. Ser. 5 (20): 409-411. External links Tree of Life web project: Argonauta bottgeri Cephalopods described in 1881

4041855

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indus%20Valley%20Desert

Indus Valley Desert

The Indus Valley Desert is an almost uninhabited desert ecoregion of northern Pakistan. Location and description The Indus Valley desert covers an area of in northwestern Punjab Province between the Chenab and Indus rivers. The Indus Valley Desert is drier and less hospitable than the northwestern thorn scrub forests that surround it with temperatures ranging from freezing in winter to extremely hot (more than ) in summer with only of rainfall per year. Biodiversity Flora The desert vegetation is quite varied due to the variety of temperatures with Khejri shrubs being the characteristic species. Fauna The desert is home to five large mammals: Indian wolf, striped hyena, caracal, Indian leopard and the urial (Ovis orientalis punjabensis) along with many rodents and other mammals. Meanwhile, the 190 species of bird in the desert include the red-necked falcon. Threats and preservation Like the nearby Thar Desert the Indus Valley desert has little farming or grazing due to its hard climate and therefore the natural habitats are almost intact. However hunting still goes on and is a threat to caracals, wolves and other mammals. References Deserts of Pakistan Deserts and xeric shrublands Ecoregions of Pakistan Geography of Punjab, Pakistan Indomalayan ecoregions