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76501523 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanagromyza%20duchesneae | Japanagromyza duchesneae | Japanagromyza duchesneae is a species of fly in the family Agromyzidae.
Distribution
Japan, Papua New Guinea, Vanuatu.
References
Agromyzidae
Diptera of Asia
Diptera of Australasia
Insects described in 1954 |
76501540 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wladimir%20Klitschko%20vs.%20Samuel%20Peter%20II | Wladimir Klitschko vs. Samuel Peter II | Wladimir Klitschko vs. Samuel Peter II was a professional boxing match contested on 11 September 2010, for the IBF, WBO, IBO, and The Ring heavyweight championship.
Background
Following his stoppage victory over Eddie Chambers, Wladimir Klitschko called out WBA champion David Haye in April 2010, shortly after Haye had stopped John Ruiz, stating, "I want to send this message to boxing fans and directly to David Haye. David, you've bitched out on fighting both Klitschko brothers twice already and now's the time to make it happen. On behalf of the boxing fans around the world, I am officially calling you out to fight me. You can't run away from me forever and you need to follow through with this fight if you want to be respected. I'm ready. What're you waiting for?" Haye had been in line to face Vitali in summer 2009 before signing to face Wladimir on 20 June, however he pulled out with a back injury and was replaced with Ruslan Chagaev.
Klitschko and Haye entered into talks again for a September date, As the negotiations continued to move forward,, with Wembley Stadium and Stamford Bridge being mentioned possible venues. The IBF set a deadline to end negotiations on 17 May, after which Wladimir would have to face their mandatory challenger Alexander Povetkin. A few days before the deadline, Haye said he was interested in fighting Vitali, rather than Wladimir.
On 17 May, the 30-day period of negotiation began for Klitschko to defend his championship against Povetkin. Within this period, discussions to make a fight with Haye were still ongoing. In July 2010, it was confirmed that the bout would be taking place in Frankfurt, with Samuel Peter replacing Povetkin for the scheduled fight as Povetkin failed to show up to the press-conference, deciding to pull out of the fight at the advice of his coach Teddy Atlas who believed Povetkin was not ready to face Klitschko. This was the second time Povetkin had pulled out of a bout with Klitschko as they had been set to fight in December 2008, before he was replaced with Hasim Rahman.
Peter had previously faced Klitschko in September 2005, before either of them had won a major world title, with Klitschko surviving three knockdowns to take a unanimous decision victory.
The fight
Peter would start the fight aggressively and land a left hook to head in the opening round, although Klitschko would come on strong with a good right hand late. Klitschko stunned Peter in the second with a couple of right-left combinations. Peter focused on trying to duck inside the Klitschko jab, but he champion tied him up whenever he got close.
Klitschko's jab would continue to land, causing swelling around the right eye of Peter and an uppercut late in the sixth appeared to hurt the challenger. Klitschko would continue to dominate the action until the tenth when an uppercut followed by a left hook sent Peter down, referee Robert Byrd began a count before waving it off.
According to CompuBox Klitschko landed 142 punches with 28% accuracy, against Peter's 35 punches with 18% accuracy.
Aftermath
Klitschko was next set to fight Derek Chisora on 11 December, but the fight was later called off on 8 December after Klitschko tore a muscle in his abdomen. The fight was rescheduled for 30 April 2011. However, on 4 March, it was announced that Klitschko had pulled out of the fight due to not being fully recovered from a torn abdominal muscle. The next day it was announced that the highly anticipated fight against Haye would take place on 2 July 2011.
Peter would be released from his Top Rank contract soon after. Despite this Peter's manager said they would look to secure other big fights in the division against anyone other than the Klitschko brothers.
Undercard
Confirmed bouts:
Broadcasting
References
2010 in boxing
2010 in German sport
September 2010 sports events in Germany
Boxing matches in Germany
Peter II
Boxing on ESPN
Boxing on Sky Sports
International Boxing Federation heavyweight championship matches
World Boxing Organization heavyweight championship matches
International Boxing Organization heavyweight championship matches
Sports competitions in Frankfurt |
76501553 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centre%20Agreement%20%E2%80%93%20Polish%20Union | Centre Agreement – Polish Union | The Centre Agreement – Polish Union (, PC-ZP) was a Christian-democratic electoral alliance in Poland. It united the Centre Agreement (PC), Third Republic Movement (RTR), Christian-Democratic Labour Faction (ChDSP), Party of Fidelity to the Republic (SWR-KSN) (a Confederation of Independent Poland splinter) and Regional Agreement RdR.
History
The PC-ZP coalition was founded on 19 June 1993 during failed negotiations with the Movement for the Republic (RdR), which later formed its own coalition, the Coalition for the Republic (KdR). The two coalitions competed for the same group of voters, and remained divided largely due to "personal issues", such as foreseen allocation of cabinet positions, candidate placement on electoral lists and personal rivalry between PC leader Jarosław Kaczyński and RdR leader Jan Olszewski. It also failed, like KdR, to unite the Polish People's Party – Peasants' Agreement (PSL-PL) under its flag.
The coalition ran a similar campaign to that of KdR, being in support of lustration and in opposition to the neocommunist party (Democratic Left Alliance, SLD) and liberal parties (Democratic Union, UD, Liberal Democratic Congress, KLD).
In the 1993 Polish parliamentary election, the only election the coalition contested in, it registered as a party, and thus only needed 5% of valid votes to pass the electoral threshold (as opposed to 8% needed for registered coalitions), which it failed to cross regardless, gathering only 4.42% of valid votes.
Election results
Sejm
Senate
References
1993 establishments in Poland
1993 disestablishments in Poland
Anti-communism in Poland
Anti-communist parties
Christian democratic parties in Poland
Defunct political party alliances in Poland
Political parties disestablished in 1993
Political parties established in 1993 |
76501559 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivybridge%20Town%20Hall | Ivybridge Town Hall | Ivybridge Town Hall is a municipal building at Erme Court in Ivybridge, a town in Devon, in England. It serves as the meeting place of Ivybridge Town Council.
History
The old town hall
The first municipal building in Ivybridge was the old chapel in Chapel Place which was commissioned by the local Methodists and erected on land donated by the lord of the manor, Sir John Rogers, 6th Baronet. It was designed in the Italianate style, built in rubble masonry and was completed in 1812. It was enlarged at the expense of the owner of Stowford Paper Mills, John Allen, in 1860. The design involved a symmetrical main frontage of three bays facing down Chapel Place towards Fore Street. The central bay featured a doorway with a semi-circular fanlight flanked by Doric order columns supporting an open pediment; there was a round headed window on the first floor. The outer bays were fenestrated by tall round headed windows. The gable across the frontage contained a circular plaque, which was inscribed with the year "A. D. 1860". After the Methodist congregation moved to a larger church in Fore Street in 1874, the old chapel was used a magistrates' court and then as a town hall. Since 1994, it has served as the Chapel Place Community Centre, which is managed by the Ivybridge Community Association.
Following significant population growth, largely associated with the paper industry, a local board of health was established in Ivybridge in 1873. The local board of health was succeeded by Ivybridge Urban District Council in 1894. Although civic leaders used the building for public meetings, it ceased to serve any municipal purpose after the area came under the administration of Plympton St Mary Rural District Council, which was based in Plympton, in 1935.
The new town hall
After the Ivybridge Relief Road was opened in June 1994, the area between the new road and the River Erme, which had been occupied by open fields, became available for development. The newly established Ivybridge Town Council decided to commission a dedicated town hall. The new building was designed in the neoclassical style, built in brick with a stucco finish and was completed in around 1995.
The design involved an asymmetrical main frontage of eleven bays facing north towards Erme Court. The third bay on the left featured a full height portico, with three round-headed openings on the ground floor, three sash windows on the first floor and a pediment containing a clock in the tympanum. The left hand section of two bays was fenestrated by shop fronts on the ground floor and by cross-windows on the first floor, while the right-hand section of eight bays was fenestrated by shop fronts on the ground floor and by sash windows on the first floor. Internally, the principal room was the council chamber on the first floor. An extension, which was projected forward and commissioned to accommodate a local business, Ivybridge Bathrooms and Kitchens, was erected at the east end of the complex in around 2007.
References
Ivybridge
City and town halls in Devon
Government buildings completed in 1995 |
76501562 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julian%20Adyeri%20Omalla | Julian Adyeri Omalla | Julian Adyeri Omalla alias "Mama Cheers" (born 1965) is a Ugandan businesswoman and an entrepreneur. She is the founder and managing director of Delight Uganda Limited.
Early life and career
Julian Omalla was born in 1965 and raised in Uganda. She started her career life as businesswoman and entrepreneur in 1996.
Although she didn't know much about running a business, she initiated her career as an employee under her brothers' supervision while simultaneously accumulating savings to establish herself as a small-scale trader. As a female entrepreneur, she aspired to prove her capability in owning and managing a business. Initially successful, her fortunes took a turn when she extended trust to a new business partner.
She traversed long distances on poor roads and dedicating long hours to tending her garden. An unfortunate incident occurred when her business partner absconded with the capital earmarked for stock procurement. Following this setback, she was left with minimal resources—a wheelbarrow for transporting produce to the market and a single red dress. Securing financial support from banks proved challenging due to the lack of collateral, making the task of raising funds for expansion a demanding endeavor. Similar to many women in Uganda, she had to depend on personal savings and reinvest profits into the business to facilitate growth.
After four years, Julian Omalla participated in UNCTAD's entrepreneurship program which help her in formulating and implementing a business expansion strategy such as goal establishment, financial record-keeping, marketing tactics, target setting, and effective task accomplishment.
In 2000, she was again equipped by Empretec with the skills to become a successful entrepreneur which helped her to realize that she was born an entrepreneur and It helped her to develop and execute her business growth plan.
Awards and honours
Julian Omalla won a special prize during the seventh edition of UNCTAD's Empretec Women in Business Awards for her dedication to empowering other women through her company.
In February 2021, the Ugandan Government awarded Omalla's company, Delight Uganda Limited, with a $4 million grant to construct a fresh juice factory in northern Uganda, and $6 million to procure equipment, with 50 per cent of the funds repayable by her company in 10 years.
She also received a fellowship to participate in an executive education programme by the International Institute for Management Development in Lausanne, Switzerland.
References
Living people
1965 births
Ugandan women
Ugandan businesswomen
Ugandan business executives
Ugandan women entrepreneurs
Ugandan entrepreneurs
21st-century businesswomen
20th-century businesswomen |
76501567 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel%20J.%20Newman | Daniel J. Newman | Daniel J. Newman is an American politician who has served as a member of the Maine House of Representatives since December 2020.
Electoral history
He was first elected to the 76th district in the 2020 Maine House of Representatives election. He was redistricted into the 58th district in the 2022 Maine House of Representatives election.
References
Republican Party members of the Maine House of Representatives
Maine politician stubs
21st-century American politicians
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
People from Kennebec County, Maine
American firefighters |
76501574 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019%E2%80%9320%20Minnesota%20Golden%20Gophers%20women%27s%20ice%20hockey%20season | 2019–20 Minnesota Golden Gophers women's ice hockey season | The Minnesota Golden Gophers women's ice hockey program represented the University of Minnesota during the 2019-20 NCAA Division I women's ice hockey season.
Recruiting
Regular Season
Standings
Schedule
|-
!colspan=12 style=";| Regular Season
Roster
Source:
Awards and honors
References
Minnesota
Minnesota Golden Gophers women's ice hockey seasons
Minnesota
Minnesota
Minnesota |
76501575 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maurizio%20Rava | Maurizio Rava | Maurizio Rava (31 January 1878 – 22 January 1941) was an Italian Jewish painter, journalist, writer, soldier and politician. He was a general in the Royal Italian Army, and served as the governor of Italian Somaliland from 1 July 1931 to 6 March 1935.
Biography
Rava's political career began in 1919, when he was co-founder of the Fasci Italiani di Combattimento (predecessor of the National Fascist Party) in Rome. Previously he was a lieutenant during World War I (where he was wounded in combat), and received the Medal of Military Valor three times (one Silver and two Bronze). After 1920 he began a military career in the fascist militias.
In the Italian colonies he became secretary general of the governor's office of Italian Tripolitania with Emilio De Bono in March 1927. He then assumed the governorship of Italian Somaliland from 1931 to 1935. In those years he gave dynamic impetus to agriculture, roads and railways with emphasis on all types of construction in Somalia. In 1933 he promoted the urban remodeling of Mogadishu, which since then began to be called "the white pearl of the Indian Ocean" and became populated with a large minority (40% of the total inhabitants) of Italian settlers.
He was appointed as Senator of the Kingdom upon his return to Italy in 1936.
He fell into political disgrace in 1938 for being Jewish, due to Fascist Italy's alliance with Nazi Germany and Hitler. But Mussolini always protected him and never revoked his positions within the National Fascist Party.
He was also a Blackshirt brigadier general of the Royal Italian Army and died in Rome on 22 January 1941, as a result of wounds received in the Battle of Bardia (in Italian Libya) during Operation Compass, the British offensive of the Western Desert campaign.
Works
Maurizio Rava wrote several books. The most famous are:
Al lago Tsana (il mar profondo d'Etiopia) (published in 1913).
l'Eritrea; la nostra colonia primogenita (published in 1923).
Somalia; Parole ai Coloniali (published in 1935).
Other minor works are: "Ingiustizia delle sanzioni: l’Italia stato aggredito", Rome 1936; "Il problema della mano d’opera in Somalia", Rome 1937; "Ovest etiopico: nei paesi del platino e dell’oro", Rome 1938; "Politica sociale verso gli indigeni e modi di collaborazione con essi", Rome 1938; "Diario di un secondo viaggio nell’ovest etiopico", Rome 1939.
See also
List of people from Milan
List of West European Jews
References
1878 births
1941 deaths
People from Milan
Italian Jews
Italian painters
Italian journalists
Italian writers
National Fascist Party politicians
Jewish fascists
Blackshirts
Governors of Italian Somaliland
Members of the Senate of the Kingdom of Italy
Italian military personnel of World War I
Italian military personnel of World War II
Italian military personnel killed in World War II
Recipients of the Silver Medal of Military Valor
Recipients of the Bronze Medal of Military Valor
Accademia di Belle Arti di Roma alumni |
76501580 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Farnborough%20International%20Exhibition%20%26%20Conference%20Centre | Farnborough International Exhibition & Conference Centre | The Farnborough International Exhibition & Conference Centre is a multi-functional venue located in Farnborough, Hampshire, England. It serves as a hub for various events, conferences, and exhibitions throughout the year.
Location
The Farnborough International Exhibition & Conference Centre is situated approximately 31 miles southwest of London, making it easily accessible for both domestic and international visitors. It is conveniently located just 30 minutes from Heathrow Airport and 50 minutes from Gatwick Airport. Private passengers can also choose to land at Farnborough Airport as well. The venue is also well-connected by road, being only 15 minutes away from the M3 Motorway. Additionally, it is just a 35-minute train ride from London.
Facilities
The Farnborough International Exhibition & Conference Centre offers a range of facilities to cater to different event requirements:
Exhibition Halls: The venue features modern and spacious exhibition halls that can be customized to accommodate various types of exhibits. These halls provide ample space for showcasing aircraft, defense equipment, and other exhibits.
2Conference Rooms: Several conference rooms are available for meetings, seminars, and presentations. These rooms are equipped with state-of-the-art audiovisual technology to facilitate effective communication.
Outdoor Display Area: The venue includes a dedicated outdoor display area where aircraft and other large exhibits can be showcased. This area allows for static displays and demonstrations.
On-site Services: The Farnborough International Exhibition & Conference Centre offers a range of on-site services, including catering facilities, Wi-Fi access, and ample parking space.
Events
The Farnborough International Exhibition & Conference Centre is renowned for hosting the prestigious Farnborough International Airshow. This biennial event is one of the largest trade exhibitions for the aerospace and defense industries worldwide. It attracts participants and visitors from around the globe, showcasing the latest advancements in aviation and defense technology. The airshow features flying displays, static exhibits, and serves as a platform for industry professionals to network and conduct business.
In addition to the airshow, the venue hosts various other exhibitions, conferences, and trade shows throughout the year. These events cover a wide range of industries, including aerospace, defense, technology, and more.
References
Exhibition and conference centres in England |
76501599 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sim%C3%B3n%20L%C3%B3pez | Simón López | Simón Pardiñas López (born November 10, 1987) is a Spanish dentist, and YouTuber. He is the head dentist of the Spanish professional football club, Deportivo de La Coruña.
Early life
Pardiñas López was born in Spain, A Coruña, on November 10, 1987. He was influenced in medicine by his parents who were specialized in dental implants in Galicia. At an early age, Pardiñas López adopted the use of technologies.
Education
In 2010, Pardiñas López obtained a degree in Dentistry. In 2011 and 2013 he studied Oral Surgery and Periodontics at New York University and Complutense University of Madrid. In 2014 he obtained a bachelor's degree in Oral and Maxillofacial Implantology at the University of Toulouse and fellowship at International Congress of Oral Implatologists.
Career
Pardiñas López conducted clinical studies on epigenetics modifications in Peri-implantitisand the oral microbiome as a marker for the risk of colorectal carcinogenesis. During 2019 he was research project coordinator at the Bluestone Center for Clinical Research at New York University. He is medical director of the Pardiñas Medical Dental Clinic, and of the department of Periodontics, Oral Surgery and Implants. He is a member of the Cellular Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Group of INIBIC and SERGAS and of the Meigabiome group of the Hospital of La Coruña in research on colorectal cancer and periodontal disease. Pardiñas López is the founder of the YouTube channel, Dentalk, where he exposes 3D animation videos on dentistry and Oral hygiene. In 2023 he got 1 million subscribers. He is president of the Young Clinicians Committee of the Academy of Osseointegration.
Publications
Evidence-Based Implant Dentistry ISBN 9783319268729
References
Living people
Spanish dentists
1987 births
21st-century Spanish physicians
Spanish YouTubers |
76501613 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stepan%20Kovnir | Stepan Kovnir | Stepan Demyanovich Kovnir (1695—1786) was a Ukrainian architect of the 18th century, a master of Ukrainian Baroque. A subject of the Kyiv-Pechersk Lavra, he was the author of many buildings of its architectural complex.
Biography
He was born in 1695 in the village of in the Kyiv region, which belonged to the from the 16th century. He worked as a stonemason from a young age.
He was a subject of the Kyiv-Pechersk Lavra (although exempted from all monastic duties). Around 1720 , he moved to Kyiv. The monastery suffered a great fire in 1718. Therefore, major reconstruction works were started here, in which Kovnir participated. At first, he worked under the guidance of Gottfried Johann Schädel, Vasily Neyolov, and other professional architects, and over time he himself received the qualification of "stone construction master".
It is believed that the first works of Kovnir were buildings of economic purpose - warehouses, storerooms, a locksmith's shop, a binding shop, a printing house. With the participation of Kovnir, the bell towers at the Near and , the temple in , the Klov Palace, and other outstanding monuments of the Ukrainian Baroque were built . A striking masterpiece is the Kovniriv building on the territory of the Upper Lavra, a former service monastery building.
The builder gave almost 40 years of his work to the Kyiv-Pechersk Lavra.
Research of life and creativity
Research into the life and creative heritage of the master began only in the 20th century . The honor of clarifying many biographical data about Stepan Kovnir belongs to Boris Krytskyi , who in the 1950s and 60s , in particular, found out the year of his birth.
Kovnir's creations were admired by Professor Yuri Aseev , who wrote:
Creative heritage
Kyiv:
Kyiv Pecherska Lavra :
Kovnir building (1721—73) ;
bell towers in the Near (1759—62) and Far (1754—61) caves;
Klov Palace (1754—61, together with Vasyl Neyolov) ;
the iconostasis of the Church of the Saviour at Berestove ( 1760 , not preserved);
binding shop (building #13) (1757—70);
pediments of the Dormition Cathedral (1767-69, together with Y. Belinsky (Bilinsky ) and H. Pastukhov) ;
the bell tower of the Brotherhood Monastery in Podil (1756, not preserved);
Holy Trinity Church in Kitayiv ( 1763-67 ) .
Vasylkiv :
Antonius and Theodosius Cathedral with a bell tower ( 1756-58 ).
Works on the constructions of other masters
Kyiv :
Kyiv Pecherska Lavra :
The Great Lavra Belfry ( 1731 — 1745 , together with I. Rubashevskyi, the families of masters Gorokhy, Sharovary and others under the leadership of Johann Gottfried Schedel );
St. Andrew's Church (from 1749 , together with others under the leadership of Ivan Michurin, designed by Francesco Bartolomeo Rastrelli)
Dubious
Velyki Sorochyntsi
(1723—1732).
Gallery
References
General
R. Yu. Podkur. Ковнір Степан Дем'янович // Енциклопедія історії України : у 10 т. / редкол.: В. А. Смолій (голова) та ін. ; Інститут історії України НАН України. — К. : Наукова думка, 2007. — Т. 4 : Ка — Ком. — С. 390. — 528 с. : іл. — ISBN 978-966-00-0692-8.
«Streets of Kyiv, Handbook» UE, Kyiv — 1995
Encyclopedic guide "Kyiv". Under the editorship of A. Kudrytskyi. — Kyiv, HR URE, 1982
"Kyivskie Vedomosti", No. 63 (3449) dated March 31 , 2005
«Ukrayinks'ka kul'tura», № 1, 1995
«», № 1, 1971, с. 10.
Specific
External links
Kovnir, Stepan // Ukrainian Little Encyclipedia : book 16: in 8 volumes / prof. E. Onatsky . — At the behest of the Administration of the UAOC in Argentina. — Buenos Aires, 1959. — book. V: Letters K — Kom — p. 664. — edition 1000 .
Васильків
Києво-Печерська лавра
Architects from Kyiv
Ukrainian Baroque architects
Webarchive template wayback links
1786 deaths
1695 births
18th-century architects |
76501614 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmund%20Sigismund%20Somers | Edmund Sigismund Somers | Edmund Sigismund Somers (1759? – 1824) was an Irish physician.
Biography
Somers was born in Dublin about 1759, was the son of William Somers, a mechanic. He entered Trinity College, Dublin, on 7 June 1779, and afterwards studied medicine at Edinburgh University, where he graduated M.D. on 12 Sept. 1783. After visiting the medical schools of Paris and Leyden he returned to Dublin, and was elected a member of the Royal Irish Academy. He was admitted a licentiate of the College of Physicians on 22 December 1791, and began to practise in London. On 18 March 1795 he was appointed physician to the forces. In this capacity he proceeded to the Cape of Good Hope as director of hospitals. After several years he retired to England, served in the home district, and then went as staff physician to Jamaica. After two years he returned to England in ill health, and on recovery joined the army in the Peninsula, where the Marquis of Wellington in 1812 appointed him physician in chief to the allied forces. On 18 January 1816 he was nominated a deputy medical inspector, and retired on half pay. He died in London in 1824.
Somers was the author of:
‘Dissertatio Physico-medica Inauguralis de Sonis et Auditu,’ Edinburgh, 1783, 8vo.
‘Medical Suggestions for the Treatment of Dysentery and Fever among Troops in the Field,’ London, 1816, 8vo (published in both Latin and English).
References
1750s births
1824 deaths
18th-century Irish medical doctors
19th-century Irish medical doctors
People from Dublin (city)
Alumni of Trinity College Dublin
Alumni of the University of Edinburgh
Members of the Royal Irish Academy
Licentiates of the Royal College of Physicians |
76501617 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermitage%20of%20Barranco | Hermitage of Barranco | The Hermitage of Barranco (), formerly known as the Templo de la Santísima Cruz and later as Santísima Cruz de Barranco, is a Catholic church building in Barranco District, Lima, Peru. It is located in the district's historic centre and once served as the district's capital and cathedral, next to the Bridge of Sighs, and has been closed since 1974 due to the damages caused by that year's earthquake.
The Plazuela Chabuca Granda, named after the Peruvian singer who dedicated a song to the bridge, serves as the main public area outside the church and features two statues by sculptor Fausto Jaulis dedicated to Granda and José Antonio de Lavalle y García, the subject of another song of hers.
History
The location of the church is traditionally considered the origin of the district, with an 18th-century legend claiming that two Indian fishermen who had become lost at sea managed to find their way to the shore through a light cast by a cross located there.
The church was built in the mid-18th century as a small chapel where humble fishermen and travelers attended mass, financed by a Mr. Caicedo, a baker and devout Catholic. Caicedo died at the end of the century, leaving the project incomplete, which was finished with the name of Templo de la Santísima Cruz in honour of the fishermen's miracle.
In 1874, it was chosen as the centre and capital of the town of San José de Surco, created by Manuel Pardo y Lavalle on October 26, with the neighbourhoods of Talana, Condesa, Ollería, Tejada, Larrión and Pacayar under its jurisdiction, bordered to the north by the Quebrada honda de Armendáriz and the chacra del Cuadrado to the south.
On January 14, 1881, the unfinished church was looted and destroyed by a fire, both perpetrated by the Chilean Army, during the War of the Pacific, it was rebuilt in 1882 through funds acquired by Chaplain Manuel de la Fuente Chávez from local donations and some funds from Patricio Lynch.
On December 12, 1903, the archbishop of Lima accepted the district's 1900 request that the church be elevated to a parish, independent from Surco and Chorrillos, with the temple now known as the Santísima Cruz de Barranco and under the direction of de la Fuente (1903–1913, died in office). After de la Fuente's death, he was succeeded by the Spaniard Santiago Roca (1914–1937).
The church was damaged during the 1940 Lima earthquake, leading to a request being made to the archbishop, requesting his authorisation to build a new church, which was granted in 1942 and consecrated by Juan Landázuri Ricketts in 1963. The original church was declared a historic monument subject to the care of the National Conservation Council, and renovated in 1960 by th pro-restoration committee established by architect Alberto Aranzaens in 1957. In was subsequently declared part of the cultural heritage of Peru in 1972, through Supreme Resolution 2972-ED.
It was again damaged during the 1974 Lima earthquake and has since been closed to the public.
See also
Bridge of Sighs (Lima)
1974 Lima earthquake
Chabuca Granda
References
Roman Catholic churches in Lima
Barranco District |
76501627 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amina%20Zidani | Amina Zidani | Amina Zidani (born 23 August 1993) is a French boxer competing in the featherweight (57kg) division. She won the gold medal in the women's featherweight event at the 2023 European Games held in Poland. She won one of the bronze medals in the featherweight event at the 2023 IBA Women's World Boxing Championships held in New Delhi, India.
In 2018, Zidani competed in the lightweight event at the AIBA Women's World Boxing Championships held in New Delhi, India where she was eliminated in her first match. She also competed in the lightweight event at the 2019 AIBA Women's World Boxing Championships held in Ulan-Ude, Russia. She was eliminated in her first match.
Zidani won one of the bronze medals in the women's lightweight event at the 2022 Mediterranean Games held in Oran, Algeria. She won her first match and she then lost against eventual gold medalist Hadjila Khelif of Algeria.
Zidani won the gold medal in the women's featherweight event at the 2023 European Games held in Poland. As a result, she secured a quota place for the 2024 Summer Olympics in Paris, France. In the final, she defeated Svetlana Staneva of Bulgaria.
References
External links
Living people
1993 births
Place of birth missing (living people)
French women boxers
Boxers at the 2023 European Games
European Games medalists in boxing
European Games gold medalists for France
Mediterranean Games bronze medalists for France
Mediterranean Games medalists in boxing
21st-century French women
Featherweight boxers
AIBA Women's World Boxing Championships medalists |
76501632 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank%20A.%20Morey | Frank A. Morey | Frank Andrew Morey (11 March 1863 – 16 August 1933) was an American politician who served as the Mayor of Lewiston as a member of the Democratic party as well as serving in the Maine Legislature, including being its speaker.
Early life
Morey was born on 11 March 1863 in Keeseville, New York, to Andrew J. Morey and Elvira Allen. He studied at Keeseville Academy before entering Bates College, graduating in 1885. Morey was admitted to the bar of Maine in 1887 and practiced law in Keeseville before moving to Lewiston, Maine, in 1891. He married Maude Mildred Douglass (1866–1959) in June 1889 and the couple went on to have a daughter in 1892.
Political career
Morey was first elected to the Maine House of Representatives in 1899, serving three terms until 1907 when he was elected Mayor of Lewiston. He served as mayor for six consecutive terms, and was also elected Speaker of the Maine House of Representatives during his tenure in 1911. He remained mayor until 1912 and served as speaker until 1913, when he was elected to the Maine Senate. He served in the Senate for a single term from 1913 until 1915, whereafter he retired from politics and focused again on his career as a lawyer.
Later Life & Death
Besides practicing law, Morey also served as an Overseer of Bates College from 1923 until his death, and was also a Life member of the Boston Marine Society. Morey also owned a farm in Norfolk and was travelling back from his farm to Lewiston when he fell ill on the way. He was taken to Flower hospital in New York City where he subsequently died on 16 August 1933, aged 70. He was buried at Riverside Cemetery in Lewiston.
References
1863 births
1933 deaths
19th-century lawyers
20th-century lawyers
People from Keeseville, New York
People from New York (state)
Maine lawyers
Maine politicians
Maine Democrats
Democratic Party (United States) politicians
19th-century American lawyers
19th-century politicians
20th-century American lawyers
19th-century American politicians
Mayors of Lewiston, Maine
Speakers of the Maine House of Representatives
Democratic Party members of the Maine House of Representatives
19th-century American legislators
20th-century American legislators
New York (state) Democrats
Politicians from Lewiston, Maine
Bates College alumni |
76501656 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanagromyza%20inferna | Japanagromyza inferna | Japanagromyza inferna is a species of fly in the family Agromyzidae.
Distribution
Bahamas.
References
Agromyzidae
Diptera of North America
Insects described in 1973 |
76501668 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Live%20with%20the%20Plovdiv%20Psychotic%20Symphony | Live with the Plovdiv Psychotic Symphony | Live with the Plovdiv Psychotic Symphony is a live album by the American progressive metal supergroup Sons of Apollo released on three CDs, DVD and Blu-ray Disc. Released on August 30, 2019, the album documents the band's performance at the Ancient Roman Theater in Plovdiv, Bulgaria, on September 22, 2018, alongside a full orchestra and choir.
Track listing
Personnel
Sons of Apollo
Jeff Scott Soto – lead vocals
Ron "Bumblefoot" Thal – guitar, backing vocals
Billy Sheehan – bass
Derek Sherinian – keyboards
Mike Portnoy – drums, backing vocals
Additional credits
Artwork, layout – Stephen Van Baalen
Authoring – Ray Shulman
Conductor – Levon Manukyan
Creative director – Mike Portnoy
Direction and editing – Paul Green
Lighting director – Jerry "Geral.D" Sell
Mixing (5.1) – Peter Van 't Riet
Mixing and mastering – Jerry Guidroz
Orchestration – Derek Sherinian, Enrico Cacace
Other (FOH sound) – Peter De Wint
Photography – Hristo Shindov
Producer – The Del Fuvio Brothers
Drum technician – Jose Baraquio
Guitar and bass technician – Jeff Mallard
Keyboard technician – Corey Mast
Charts
References
2019 live albums
Sons of Apollo albums
Inside Out Music live albums |
76501695 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanagromyza%20tristella | Japanagromyza tristella | Japanagromyza tristella is a species of fly in the family Agromyzidae.
Distribution
Sri Lanka, China, Taiwan, India, Java, Malaysia, Nepal, Vietnam, Japan, Manus, New Ireland.
References
Agromyzidae
Diptera of Asia
Diptera of Australasia
Taxa named by Carl Gustaf Thomson
Insects described in 1869 |
76501707 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maleke%20%28Kwena%29 | Maleke (Kwena) | Maleke was a regent of the Kwena tribe. He was the son of kgosi Seitlhamo and the younger brother of kgosi Legwale. Maleke became regent of the Bakwena after Legwale died c. 1798. As kgosi, Maleke led an attack against a Bangwaketse village in Kanye to avenge the death of his father. He burned the village, and he is said to have killed Tawana, the uncle of the village's leader, Makaba. A short time later, Maleke died of rabies after he was bitten by a dog. He was succeeded as regent by his younger brother Tshosa until Legwale's son Motswasele II became kgosi c. 1805.
Notes
References
Deaths from rabies
Kwena chiefs
Year of birth unknown
Year of death unknown |
76501716 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israel%20Bissell | Israel Bissell | Israel Bissell (1752 – October 24, 1823) was a patriot post rider who delivered mail between Boston, Massachusetts and New York.
On April 19, 1775, British made an attack on Lexington and Concord, beginning the American Revolutionary War. He was assigned to alert American colonists of the news and rally them to assist the Massachusetts minutemen. Traveling along the Old Post Road from Watertown, Massachusetts to Philadelphia, his ride was a journey over four days. Along the way, he shouted "To arms, to arms, the war has begun", and carried a message from Joseph Palmer send soldiers to the fight. Benedict Arnold of New Haven, Israel Putnam of Pomfret, and others mustered soldiers and headed for Massachusetts.
Life
Israel Bissell was born in 1752 in East Windsor of the Connecticut Colony of the British Colonies. His family settled in East Windsor after they immigrated from England. Bissell was a post rider who rode on horseback between Boston and New York to deliver the mail. In preparation for a war, the Massachusetts Committee of Safety chose Bissel to carry the call to arms from Watertown.
Call to arms
Notice
On April 19, 1775, Joseph Palmer of the Committee of Safety sent Israel Bissell on a constant four-day ride to Philadelphia to warn people that the war with Britain had begun. The purpose of the call to arms was to have militias in five colonies rally to support the minutemen of the Massachusetts militia.
The journey required Bissell to obtain fresh horses along the route. At the end of Bissell's first leg, Watertown to Worcester, his horse collapsed and died of exhaustion.
Timeline
The timeline of Bissell's ride is:
April 19, 10 a.m., Watertown, Massachusetts
April 19, noon, Worcester, Massachusetts
April 19, 9 p.m. Pomfret, Connecticut
April 20, 11 a.m., Brooklyn, Connecticut
April 20, 4 p.m., Norwich, Connecticut
April 20, 7 p.m., New London, Connecticut
April 21, 1 a.m., Lyme, Connecticut
April 21, 4 a.m., Old Saybrook, Connecticut
April 21, 10 a.m., Guilford, Connecticut
April 21, noon, Branford, Connecticut
Fairfield, Connecticut
April 23, 4 p.m., Wall Street, New York City
Elizabeth, New Jersey
New Brunswick, New Jersey
Trenton, New Jersey
April 24, 5 p.m., Philadelphia
With his arrival, colonists were alerted at each town by the firing muskets and ringing of church bells to hear the news. In Philadelphia, 8,000 people assembled when they heard the ringing of the Liberty Bell. Answering the call, Benedict Arnold of New Haven, Israel Putnam of Pomfret, and others mustered soldiers and headed for Massachusetts.
The war and after
After completing his ride, Bissell returned to Connecticut, where he joined the army alongside his brother, Justis. After the war, he moved to Middlefield, Massachusetts, where he married Lucy Hancock and became a sheep farmer.
Bissell, his wife, and three children moved to Hinsdale, Massachusetts in 1790. Bissell died there on October 24, 1823, and was buried in the Maple Street Cemetery in Hinsdale.
In popular culture
Bissell was the subject of "Ride, Israel, Ride", an epic poem by Marie Rockwood of Stockbridge, Massachusetts.
The remarkable ride of Israel Bissell is a partly fictional account of Bissell's ride written by Alice Schick, Marjorie N. Allen, and Joel Schick in 1976.
At the behest of Hinsdale historian Marion Ransford, the Daughters of the American Revolution installed a special marker at Bissell's grave.
Bissell was mentioned in comedian Robert Wuhl's 2006 HBO special, Assume the Position with Mr. Wuhl.
Bissell was portrayed by David Bluvband on the cult public access program, The Chris Gethard Show in the episode "18th Century American Gladiators", which aired in August 2014.
Bissel was mentioned in ABC's show, American Housewife, Season 5 Episode 2.
See also
Paul Revere
Samuel Prescott
Sybil Ludington
Notes
References
The Boston Globe, April 20, 1997
The Boston Globe, April 19, 1982
"Bissell Outrode Paul Revere But History Left Him in the Dust", Hartford Courant, April 16, 2007
Bibliography
External links
DW Roth: Bissell
Lemen: Bissell painting
Broadside
"Israel Bissell's Ride" and "I. Bissell's Ride" (two poems)
1752 births
1823 deaths
People from East Windsor, Connecticut
People of Massachusetts in the American Revolution
Patriots in the American Revolution
People from colonial Massachusetts
People of Connecticut in the American Revolution
Burials in Massachusetts
People from Middlefield, Massachusetts |
76501751 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milap%20%28disambiguation%29 | Milap (disambiguation) | Milap Mewada Indian cricketer
Milap Zaveri Indian film director |
76501754 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aldborough%20Hall | Aldborough Hall | Aldborough Hall is a historic building in Aldborough, North Yorkshire, a village in England.
The hall was probably built in the early 17th century. A wing was added to the north in the Victorian period, but was later demolished. The building was grade II* listed in 1952. It was put up for sale in 1999 for £950,000, at which time, it had seven bedrooms, five reception rooms, four bathrooms and two kitchens, with a tennis court in the grounds.
The three-storey house is built of red brick, with stone dressings, quoins, and a Welsh slate roof. There are twin gables on the front and rear, and a full-height gabled bay projecting from the centre on three sides. On the west side is a three-storey canted bay window with an embattled parapet. The windows are mullioned and transomed.
Inside the house are several fittings brought from elsewhere: a late Mediaeval fireplace, a Jacobean staircase from Lymore, and panelling from various locations, most notably Ashley Park.
See also
Grade II* listed buildings in North Yorkshire
Listed buildings in Boroughbridge
References
Country houses in North Yorkshire
Grade II* listed buildings in North Yorkshire |
76501755 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel%20Solly | Samuel Solly | Samuel Solly (13 May 1805 – 24 September 1871) was an English surgeon.
Biography
Silly was the son of Isaac Solly, a Baltic merchant. He was born on 13 May 1805 in Jeffrey Square, St. Mary Axe. Solly was educated under Eliezer Cogan of Higham Hill, Walthamstow, where Benjamin Disraeli, Dr. Renn Hampden, afterwards bishop of Hereford, and Russell Gurney, were among his schoolfellows. He was articled, somewhat against the wish of his father, in May 1822, to Benjamin Travers, surgeon to St. Thomas's Hospital, and he was one of the last of the surgeons to a London hospital who succeeded to his post by the payment of a large apprenticeship fee. He was admitted a member of the Royal College of Surgeons of England on 9 May 1828, and he then went to Paris to continue his medical studies. He commenced practice in his father's premises at St. Mary Axe in 1831, moving to St. Helen's in 1837, to Aston Key's house, on the death of that surgeon, in 1849, and afterwards to Savile Row. From 1833 to 1839 he was lecturer on anatomy and physiology in the medical school of St. Thomas's Hospital. He was appointed assistant-surgeon to St. Thomas's Hospital in 1841; twelve years later he became full surgeon, and was appointed lecturer on surgery. He was called upon to resign the office of surgeon in 1865, under a new rule which required the medical officers to retire at the age of sixty. He pleaded that the rule was not retrospective, and was reappointed till he should have completed his term of twenty years as full surgeon. His health gave way, however, and he resigned before the expiration of his term of office. Elected a fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons of England in 1843, he became a member of its council in 1856, and was twice a vice-president. He was elected a member of the court of examiners in 1867, and held the post of Arris and Gale professor of human anatomy and surgery in 1862. He was president of the Royal Medical and Chirurgical Society in 1867–8, and became a fellow of the Royal Society in 1836. He died suddenly at 6 Savile Row on 24 September 1871, and was buried at Chislehurst, Kent.
He married, on 22 May 1834, Jane, daughter of the Rev. Joseph Barrett, and by her had seven sons and four daughters.
Solly was a skilful operator, a florid lecturer, and a good clinical teacher; his opinion was specially sought in cases of injuries to the head and in diseases of the joints. He had a taste for art, and was skilful in the use of brush and pencil; his watercolour pictures more than once adorned the walls of the Royal Academy (Graves, Dict. of Artists, p. 220). He made his own lecture illustrations, many of which were purchased by the authorities of St. Thomas's Hospital in 1841.
After his death a marble bust was presented to St. Thomas's Hospital, and a Solly prize and medal in the medical school was established from the proceeds of a public subscription in his memory.
He wrote:
‘The Human Brain … illustrated by references to the Nervous System in the Lower Orders of Animals,’ London, 8vo, 1836. The work is dedicated to Benjamin Travers, and is illustrated by twelve well-executed lithographic plates. A second edition, in which the plates are replaced by figures in the text, was issued in 1847.
‘Surgical Experiences,’ London, 8vo, 1865; containing the embodiment of his teaching as lecturer on surgery at St. Thomas's Hospital.
‘An Analysis of Johan Müller's “Intimate Structure of Secreting Glands,”’ London, 8vo, 1839; dedicated to Sir Astley Cooper, bart. He also contributed papers to medical periodicals and to the ‘Transactions’ of the Royal Medical and Chirurgical Society.
References
External links
1805 births
1871 deaths
19th-century English medical doctors
19th-century surgeons
English surgeons
Fellows of the Royal Society
Members of the Royal College of Surgeons of England
Fellows of the Royal College of Surgeons of England |
76501784 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rakul%20%28disambiguation%29 | Rakul (disambiguation) | * Rakul Magnussen Indian footballer
Rakul Preet Singh Indian actress |
76501793 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bathynomus%20doederleini | Bathynomus doederleini | Bathynomus doederleini is a species of giant isopod within the family Cirolanidae. The species is found in waters below sea level in the Western Central Pacific near Asian countries such as Japan, Taiwan, and the Philippines. From 1990 to 1992 baited traps were used of Taiwan at depths of where seven collections of the isopods were made. Individuals measured from in length and varied on the season. Males were usually at lengths of whereas females usually measured at .
References
Cymothoida
Crustaceans described in 1894
Marine fauna of Asia
Crustaceans of the Pacific Ocean
Fauna of Japan
Fauna of Taiwan
Fauna of the Philippines |
76501797 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S48%20and%20S98%20buses | S48 and S98 buses | The S48 and S98 constitutes two bus routes in Staten Island, New York, running primarily on Victory Boulevard and Forest Avenue, between St. George Ferry Terminal and Arlington.
The S48 was originally the R107 bus route, and was renumbered to S107, then the S48 in 1989. The S98 was created in 1995 as a limited stop variant of the S48.
Route description and service
The S48 begins at the St. George Ferry Terminal at Ramp C, and continues along Bay Street until it goes on Victory Boulevard. It goes on the boulevard for a length until it turns to Forest Avenue. It then continues on Forest Avenue until it turns to South Street, and uses Arlington Place to access the terminus. Buses heading eastbound use Holland Avenue and Richmond Terrance to access South Avenue. Some buses terminate or start at Richmond Avenue during rush hours in the peak direction.
During rush hours, the S98 replicates the S48, running to St. George Ferry Terminal during AM rush hours and Arlington during PM rush hours. Buses make all local stops west of Richmond Avenue.
History
The S48 was originally the R107 route, which ran between St. George Ferry Ramp "C", and Mariner's Harbor or Port Ivory. It was initially operated by the Staten Island Coach Company, then the Isle Transportation Company. In 1947, Isle Transportation went bankrupt, and the New York City Board of Transportation took over its routes, including the R107, on February 23rd of the same year. The R107 was renumbered the S107, then the S48 on April 2, 1989. On that date, the hours of service to Holland Avenue and Richmond Terrace were extended, with some trips now running to Howland Hook to serve works in Port Ivory, taking over the western terminal of the S1, then renumbered the S40.On March 15, 1995, NYCT announced plans to truncate service from Howland Hook to Arlington Place and South Avenue in Mariners Harbor.On the same day, the S98 service began as a limited stop variant of the S48. Service to St. George initially ran between 7:00 a.m. and 8:30 a.m. and service from St. George initially ran between 5:00 p.m. and 6:30 p.m.. S98 trips were implemented by converting some existing local trips to provide passengers traveling longer distances with quicker trips to and from St. George.
References
External links
S048
048 |
76501815 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1790%20New%20Hampshire%20gubernatorial%20election | 1790 New Hampshire gubernatorial election | The 1790 New Hampshire gubernatorial election was held on 9 March 1790 in order to elect the President of New Hampshire. (The office would be renamed to Governor in 1792.) Third time Anti-Federalist candidate Josiah Bartlett defeated former Acting President John Pickering, Joshua Wentworth and former delegate to the Continental Congress Nathaniel Peabody. Since no candidate received a majority in the popular vote, Bartlett was elected by the New Hampshire General Court per the state constitution, despite placing third in the popular vote.
General election
On election day, 9 March 1790, former Acting President John Pickering won the popular vote by a margin of 820 votes against his foremost opponent Joshua Wentworth. But because no candidate received a majority of the popular vote, a separate election was held by the New Hampshire General Court, which chose Anti-Federalist candidate Josiah Bartlett as the winner, despite Bartlett having only received 21.59% of the vote and having placed third. Bartlett thereby gained Anti-Federalist control over the office of President. Bartlett was sworn in as the fourth President of New Hampshire on 5 June 1790.
Results
References
New Hampshire gubernatorial elections
1790 in New Hampshire
1790s in New Hampshire
1790s New Hampshire elections
1790 elections
1790 elections in North America
1790 elections in the United States
Government of New Hampshire
United States gubernatorial elections in the 1790s |
76501835 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary%20Boakye | Mary Boakye | Mary Boakye (born August 13, 2000) is a Ghanian track and field athlete who specializes in sprinting.
Athletic career
Mary Boakye gained her first international experience in 2022 when she took sixth place in the Ghanaian 4 x 100 meter relay in 44.86s at the Commonwealth Games in Birmingham. The following year, she was eliminated from the 100 meter semi-final at the World University Games in Chengdu with a time of 11.68s and did not take part in the 200 meter semi-final. In 2024, she took seventh place in the 100 meters at the African Games in Accra in 11.71s and won the bronze medal in the relay in 44.21s, together with Janet Mensah , Doris Mensah and Halutie Hor behind the teams from [[Nigeria]] and [[Liberia]].
Personal bests
100 meters: 11.50 s (−0.1 m/s), March 18, 2024 in Accra
200 meters: 23.86 s (−0.9 m/s), May 21, 2022 in Cape Coast
4x100 Metres Relay 44.21 s , March, 20 2022 in Accra
References
External links
Ghana at Commonwealth Games 2022: Full Schedule, Players List, Medal Winners New Records and Results - myKhel.com
2000 births |
76501848 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lord%20of%20Kinfauns | Lord of Kinfauns | Lord of Kinfauns is a title of nobility in the Baronage of Scotland.
The lordship was created in the genus of barony in 1487 in the reign of James III of Scotland for William Chateris, 1st Lord of Kinfauns. As recorded in the Great Seal, Scotland's oldest national record, in a charter "in domino de Kynfawnis" (in the Lordship of Kinfauns).
Minor barons, barones minores, are the lowest rank of the aristocracy, but they are an ancient rank, for barons existed before Scotland had dukes, marquesses, viscounts or baronets (bearing in mind that in pre-Union 1707 Scotland the equivalent to the English rank of Baron was Lord of Parliament, and that it is a solecism to style Lords as Barons).
The lordship represents the second highest degree of Scottish feudal nobility. Also held in baroneum, there are only, perhaps, two dozen examples extant today, making this title very rare.
Lord of Kinfauns (1487)
Baronial titles tends to be used when a landed family is not in possession of any United Kingdom peerage title of higher rank, subsequently granted, or has been created a knight of the realm.
1st Lord of Kinfauns, William Chateris of Kinfauns (1487 recored in Great Seal)
2nd Lord of Kinfauns, John Chaterris of Kinfauns (murdered 1552)
3th Lord of Kinfauns, Harry Chateris and later Harry Lindsay, 13th Earl of Crawford (circa 1564)
4th Lord of Kinfauns, William Ruthven, created Earl of Gowrie (circa 1581)
5th Lord of Kinfauns, 3rd Earl of Gowrie, John (John’s lands and titles were forfeited to the Crown 1600)
6th Lord of Kinfauns, Lord Scone, Sir David Murray (granted to one of the King's favourites circa circa 1600)
7th Lord of Kinfauns, 1st Earl of Kinnoull, George Hay created Lord Hay of Kinfauns 1627 and Earl of Kinnoull 1633 (circa 1620s)
8th Lord of Kinfauns, 2nd Earl of Kinnoul, George Hay 2nd Earl of Kinnoul (1634)
9th Lord of Kinfauns, 3rd Earl of Kinnoul, George Hay 3rd Earl of Kinnoul (1641 ratification of his infeftment)
10th Lord of Kinfauns, Sir Alexander Blair (passed 1647)
11th Lord of Kinfauns, William Blair (1660)
12th Lord of Kinfauns, Alexander Blair Carnegie (1695)
13th Lord of Kinfauns, 11th Lord Gray of Kinfauns, John Gray (1716–1782)
14th Lord of Kinfauns, 12th Lord Gray of Kinfauns, Charles Gray (1752–1786)
15h Lord of Kinfauns, 13th Lord Gray of Kinauns, William John Gray (1754–1807)
16th Lord of Kinfauns, 14th Lord Gray of Kinfauns, Francis Gray (1807)
17th Lord of Kinfauns, 15th Lord Gray of Kinfauns, John Gray (1798–1867)
18th Lord of Kinfauns, 15th Earl of Moray, Edmund Arhibald Stuart Gray (1895)
19th Lord of Kinfauns, 16th Earl of Moray, Francis James Stuart (1842–1909)
20th Lord of Kinfauns, 17th Earl of Moray, Morton Gray Stuart (1855–1930)
21st Lord of Kinfauns, 18th Earl of Moray, Francis Douglas Stuart (1892–1943)
22nd Lord of Kinfauns, 19th Earl of Moray, Archibald John Morton Stuart (1894–1974)
23rd Lord of Kinfauns, 20th Earl of Moray, Douglas John Moray Stuart (1928–2011)
24th Lord of Kinfauns, 21st Earl of Moray, John Douglas Stuart (b. 1966)
Kinfauns
The village of Kinfauns, historically also known as Kinfawns or Kynfauns, lies in Perth and Kinross, about six miles to the south-east of Perth, between the River Tay to the south and the Sidlaw Hills to the north. Kinfauns likely takes its name from the Gaelic ceann-fan or ceann-fauns, meaning either the 'head of the slope', referring to the rising Sidlaw Hills, or 'head of the opening', referring to the belt of flat land beside the hills, opening eastward into the Carse of Gowrie. Kinfauns Castle, which sits between Kinfauns village and Perth, was built in the early 1820s in a Gothic fashion, replacing a medieval castle which had previously stood on or near the site.
Historically, the Lords of Kinfauns held the power of admiralty over the Tay. They were tasked with preserving the fishing in the river and with punishing poachers. Tradition has it that all vessels sailing along the river once recognised the power of the Lord of Kinfauns by saluting the castle or by lowering their colours as they passed it.
History of the Lordship of Kinfauns
Medieval period records in the 1170s record a chapel of Kinfauns and others were confirmed in the possession of the nearby Scone Abbey, one of the great religious establishments of medieval Scotland. Legend has it that some lands of Kinfauns passed around 1330 to a Frenchman Thomas de Longueville. De Longueville was supposedly of noble stock who had been forced into exile after committing murder in the presence of the King of France. He adopted a life of piracy, sailing the seas for sixteen years, earning the name ‘Red Reiver’. It is said he attempted to capture a ship carrying Sir William Wallace who defeated De Longueville. The Reiver in turn became Wallace’s companion, joining him in his struggle against the English during the Wars of Independence. There is a cave called the Dragon Hole in Kinnoull Hill in the parish of Kinfauns which is believed to have been an occasional hiding place of Wallace. De Longueville later joined King Robert the Bruce and is said to have been alongside him in the vanguard of the capture of the key stronghold of Perth in 1313. As a reward for his bravery Bruce granted him lands at Kinfauns. De Longueville was considered a great warrior and supposedly wielded a two-handed broadsword nearly six feet long. It is said by some that De Longueville married the heiress of Charteris of Kinfauns and took from her the name Chartres or Charteris, building a castle. Certainly, he adopted this name and his descendants held land at Kinfauns in the following centuries.
It seems that lands of Kinfauns were divided by the time of King Robert the Bruce who also granted lands to the De Maneris and the Ross familes. In 1426 there was a dispute brought before Parliament by the Abbot of Scone against Robert de Ross and Thomas Charteris. The Abbot claimed that the teinds due unto him from the lands of Kinfauns had not been paid for some time. Parliament confirmed his rights and ordered the landowners to pay amends.
The town of Perth was one of the most important fortifications in late medieval Scotland. It was surrounded by castles and powerful families who were often at war with one another and with the magistrates of Perth. Along with the Charteris’ of Kinfauns were the Ruthvens, Blairs, Oliphants, Rosses and more. The Charteris family had bitter and long-running feud with the Ruthvens and in 1552 John Charteris was murdered by the Ruthvens on the Royal Mile in Edinburgh. Another feud was between the Charteris of Kinfauns and their neighbours, the Blairs of Balthyock. Many of the Charteris family rose to prominence in the governance of Perth town from the late fourteenth to the middle of the sixteenth century. For example, between 1465 and 1500 Andrew Charteris was Provost of Perth fourteen times and between 1480 and 1500 Gilbert Charteris was eight times elected bailie. During the struggles of the middle of the sixteenth century the Charteris family were supporters of the Queen Dowager, Cardinal Beaton and the Regent Arran.
The last Charteris of Kinfauns was John Charteris who with his wife Janet Chisholm adopted as their son Harry Lindsay, brother of David Lindsay, the Earl of Crawford. Harry took the surname Charteris and so in time acquired the lands and Lordship of Kinfauns. He later succeeded his brother as Earl of Crawford. He is said by some to have married Beatrix Charteris, an heiress of Kinfauns.
In 1581 King James VI granted to the powerful William Ruthven, Earl of Gowrie, Lord Ruthven and Dirleton some lands at Kinfauns. William was succeeded by his son John, 3rd Earl of Gowrie. There are many theories as to the motives of the mysterious Gowrie Conspiracy in 1600 but Gowrie and his brother Alexander seem to have made an attempt to kill or kidnap King James VI but were both killed in the attack. As a result, John’s lands and titles were forfeited to the Crown. As with many lands from the Earls of Gowrie their part of the lands of Kinfauns were granted to one the king’s favourites, Sir David Murray, Lord Scone.
By the 1620s the lands and Lordship of Kinfauns were in the hands of George Hay. Hay was the second son of Patrick Hay of Megginch and a favourite of King James VI who bestowed on him the lands of the Carthusian Monastery at Perth along with a seat in Parliament in 1598. He was with the King during the events of the Gowrie Conspiracy and was rewarded for his loyalty. In 1616 he was appointed Lord Clerk Register and knighted. In 1622 he was appointed Lord Chancellor of Scotland, one of the great offices of state and in 1627 he was created a peer as Viscount Dupplin and Lord Hay of Kinfauns. In 1633 he was created Earl of Kinnoull. He died in 1634 and was interred in Kinnoull Church, where a statue was erected of him in his Lord Chancellor's robes. His only surviving son succeeded him as the 2nd Earl of Kinnoul in 1634. He was a yeoman of the guard to King Charles I and one of his privy councillors. In 1641 there was a ratification in favour of Hay, of his infeftment of the Lordship of Kinfuans including the responsibility of the keeping of the waters of the Tay. His son, William succeeded as 3rd Earl of Kinnoul. For his continued support of the king, he was imprisoned by the English in Edinburgh Castle during the tumultuous civil wars of the mid-seventeenth century. The Hay family’s loyalty to the Stuart monarchy caused them to lose the greater part of their estates around this time.
In 1647 the lands and Lordship of Kinfauns passed to Thomas Blair of Balthyock, a descendant of the Blairs who had been neighbours and great rivals to the Charteris family. Around 1660 Sir Alexander Blair sold to William Blair the lands and Lordship of Kinfauns and Craigtoun including the keeping of the waters of the Tay. In 1671 Alexander Carnegie son of the Earl of Northesk married Ann the eldest daughter of William Blair of Kinfauns who resigned the Lordship of Kinfauns to his daughter and her husband. Their son, Alexander, assumed the name of Blair as well as that of Carnegie. In 1685 Alexander Blair Carnegie, younger of Kinfauns was appointed by Parliament a commissioner for the Act of Supply. In 1695 Alexander Blair Carnegie of Kinfauns succeeded to the lands and Lordship of Kinfauns.
The Blairs held Kinfauns into the early eighteenth century when Margaret, daughter of Alexander Blair and Jean Carnegie and heiress of the Blairs of Kinfauns married John, 11th Lord Gray and so the Kinfauns estate passed to the Gray family. The 11th Lord Gray was Sheriff Principal of Forfarshire and Lord Lieutenant of Perthshire. It is said that during the Jacobite Rising of ’45 Gray waited on the Hanoverian commander the Duke of Cumberland at Dundee as the Duke was on his way to Battle of Culloden. Apparently, the Duke received him coldly and haughtily and Lord Gray immediately returned home and resolved to join the Rising and Bonnie Prince Charlie. His wife, who could see the dim prospects of the Rising prevented her husband from leaving through trickery, knowing he would not listen to reason. She recommended that he should have his feet bathed after his hard ride from Dundee. His lordship put his feet into the bath and Lady Gray, as if by accident, poured a kettle of boiling water upon them. He was so scalded that he was unable to leave his room for several weeks and in the meantime the rising had come to a bloody end.
Kinfauns remained with the Gray family. Francis, 14th Lord Gray of Gray and Kinfauns, succeeded his brother in 1807 and held the titles and estates for many years. He had been a Major in the Breadalbane Fencibles and was later Postmaster-General of Scotland and served as a Representative Peer for Scotland in the House of Lords from 1812 to 1842. He is said to have been a popular and respected local figure who did much to improve the neighbourhood as he did to improve his own estates. This Lord built the new mansion house of Kinfauns in the 1820s and vastly improved the estate by the erection of new farmsteads and cottages of artistic design. He was succeeded by his son John, 15th Lord Gray who was also a Representative Peer for Scotland and Deputy-Lieutenant of Perthshire. During the construction of the Dundee and Perth Railway it is said that Lord Gray would only allow the line to pass through his estate for the then huge fee of £12,000.
The estates of Gray and Kinfauns passed to a cousin of the Grays, Edmund Archibald Stuart Esquire who took the surname Gray. He later succeeded another kinsman to become the 15th Earl of Moray in 1895. The Earl was succeeded by his brother Francis James Stuart, 16th Earl of Moray and he in turn by his brother Morton Gray Stuart-Gray, 17th Earl of Moray in 1909. The 17th Earl was an enthusiastic gardener and was responsible for improving the gardens at Kinfauns.
References
Sources
Scottish Law Commission. "Report on Abolition of the Feudal System. Laid before Parliament by the Lord Advocate under section 3(2) of the Law Commissions Act 1965. Ordered by the House of Commons to be printed11 February 1999 (Scot Law Com No 168)". Retrieved 1 April 2024.
Peskett, H. Consultant Editor for Scotland, Burke's Peerage, Baronetage & Knightage. Burke's Peerage (107th Ed.), 'East Lothian Life', Autumn 2003, p. 17
Dickinson, Professor William Croft, The Court Book of the Barony of Carnwath 1523-1542, Introduction, published by Scottish History Society, 1937. "The standard scholarly work on the history of Scottish feudal baronies"
Grant, Alexander, The Development of the Scottish Peerage, published in the Scottish Historical Review, 1978.
Roberts, John Leonard. The Jacobite wars: Scotland and the military campaigns of 1715 and 1745 (Capstone, 2002)
Szechi, Daniel. 1715: the great Jacobite rebellion (Yale University Press, 2006)
Noble titles created in 1487
Baronies in the Baronage of Scotland |
76501856 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Cain%20%28rugby%20union%29 | John Cain (rugby union) | John Joseph Cain (12 June 1920 - 26 October 1994) was an English international rugby union player.
Born in West Derby, Cain played his pre-war rugby in the St Mary's College (Crosby) XV and with Hightown.
Cain, a pacy wing-forward, joined Waterloo in 1947. He made over 50 appearances for Lancashire, playing in their 1947 and 1949 County Championship-winning sides. In 1950, Cain was capped for England in a Five Nations match against Wales at Twickenham. He captained Waterloo during the early 1950s.
See also
List of England national rugby union players
References
External links
John Cain at England Rugby
1920 births
1994 deaths
English rugby union players
England international rugby union players
Lancashire County RFU players
Waterloo R.F.C. players
Rugby union wing-forwards
Rugby union players from Liverpool
People from West Derby
People educated at St Mary's College, Crosby |
76501865 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhanna%20Ivanova | Zhanna Ivanova | Zhanna Yannovna Ivanova (Russian: Жанна Яновна Иванова; born in 12 October 1964), is a Russian politician who had been a member of the Federation Council from the Sakhalin Oblast from 2012 to 2015.
Biography
Zhanna Ivanova was born in Chita on 12 October 1964.
She graduated from the Yuzhno-Sakhalin State Pedagogical Institute, Baikal State University of Economics and Law.
In October 2000, Ivanova was elected as a member of the Sakhalin Oblast Duma of the third convocation, and in January 2002, she was the chairman of the standing commission on education, science, sports and youth affairs of the Oblast Duma. As a member of parliament of the third convocation, she received a second higher education in law and a third -in the specialty of state municipal administration.
On 29 June 2012, Ivanova has been a member of the Federation Council, represented the executive authority of the Sakhalin Oblast. She was replaced by Dmitry Mezentsev on 31 December 2015.
On 14 January 2016, the media reported that Ivanova was detained as part of a tax evasion case.
References
1964 births
Living people |
76501875 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matthew%20D.%20Beck | Matthew D. Beck | Matthew D. Beck is an American politician. He serves as a Democratic member for the 122nd district of the Maine House of Representatives.
References
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Place of birth missing (living people)
Democratic Party members of the Maine House of Representatives
21st-century American politicians
Binghamton University alumni
Politicians from South Portland, Maine |
76501889 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James%20Elias%20Olson | James Elias Olson | James Elias Olson (December 3, 1925 – April 18, 1988) was an American business executive who served as the chief executive officer (CEO) and later chairman of the American Telephone and Telegraph (AT&T).
Early life and education
Olson was born in Devils Lake, North Dakota, to a father who was a barber and mother who was a schoolteacher. He earned a commerce degree from the University of North Dakota in 1950.
Career
Olson began his career in the telecommunications industry with a summer job at Northwestern Bell Telephone Company, which led to a lifelong career at AT&T. Olson became the president of Indiana Bell in 1972 and later served as president of Illinois Bell
In 1977, Olson was appointed as AT&T's executive vice president and was elected as vice-chairman in 1979.
During his tenure at AT&T, Olson led the company through the 1984 divestiture of the Bell telephone companies. He was involved in restructuring efforts, which included cost-cutting measures and the reorganization of AT&T's computer division.
In 1986, Olson was elected as the chairman of AT&T, a position he held until his death in 1988.
References
1925 births
1988 deaths
American business executives
AT&T people |
76501900 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1791%20New%20Hampshire%20gubernatorial%20election | 1791 New Hampshire gubernatorial election | The 1791 New Hampshire gubernatorial election was held on 8 March 1791 in order to elect the President of New Hampshire. (The office would be renamed to Governor in 1792.) Incumbent Anti-Federalist President Josiah Bartlett was re-elected unopposed.
General election
On election day, 8 March 1791, incumbent Anti-Federalist President Josiah Bartlett was re-elected unopposed, thereby retaining Anti-Federalist control over the office of President. Bartlett was sworn in for his second term on 5 June 1791.
Results
References
New Hampshire gubernatorial elections
1791 in New Hampshire
1790s in New Hampshire
1790s New Hampshire elections
1791 elections
1791 elections in North America
1791 elections in the United States
Government of New Hampshire
United States gubernatorial elections in the 1790s |
76501907 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East%20Brisbane%20Ward | East Brisbane Ward | East Brisbane Ward was a Brisbane City Council ward covering East Brisbane and surrounding suburbs. It was abolished in 2007 ahead of the 2008 election and divided into existing Holland Park Ward and newly created The Gabba Ward.
Councillors for East Brisbane Ward
Results
2004
References
Former wards of Brisbane
2007 disestablishments in Australia |
76501910 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack%20Landrum | Jack Landrum | John F. Landrum (June 9, 1908 – September 16, 1989) was an American college football coach. He was the head football coach for Capital University from 1951 to 1960.
Playing career
Landrum attended Junction City High School before playing a prep year for Culver Military Academy. He played college football for one year in 1927 for Ohio State. After a three-year hiatus he enrolled at Capital and was a member of the football and track and field team. As a center for the football team he earned back-to-back Ohio Athletic Conference (OAC) honors in 1932 and 1933.
Coaching career
After Landrum's graduation he was hired as the head football coach for Circleville High School. After four years as head coach he was hired as the line coach for Columbus East High School. In 1951, he was hired as the head football coach for Capital. In ten seasons as head coach he led the team to a 43–32–3 record and only had two losing seasons throughout his tenure. He resigned following the 1960 season. He remained on the staff as the interior line coach under his successor Gene Slaughter. He was relieved from that position after the 1968 season.
While with Columbus East and Capital, Landrum served as the head track and field coach. He served as the coach for Capital until 1970.
Landrum was the athletic director for Circleville from 1935 to 1937.
For four decades Landrum served as an official for both high school football and basketball throughout Ohio. In 1967, he retired from officiating.
Honors and death
Landrum was inducted into the Capital Hall of Fame in 1978.
Landrum died on September 16, 1989, in Hessel, Michigan.
Head coaching record
College football
References
External links
1908 births
1989 deaths
American football centers
Capital Comets football coaches
Capital Comets football players
High school athletic directors in the United States
High school football coaches in Ohio
High school track and field coaches in the United States
Ohio State Buckeyes football players
Coaches of American football from Ohio
Players of American football from Ohio
Track and field athletes from Ohio |
76501926 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humbertacalia | Humbertacalia | Humbertacalia is a genus of plants in the sunflower family, Asteraceae. It includes 12 species native to Madagascar (12 species) and Réunion (one species) in the western Indian Ocean.
Species
12 species are accepted.
Humbertacalia abbreviata – Madagascar
Humbertacalia amplexifolia – Madagascar
Humbertacalia apocynifolia – Madagascar
Humbertacalia coursii – Madagascar
Humbertacalia diffusa – Madagascar
Humbertacalia leucopappa – Madagascar
Humbertacalia madagascarensis – Madagascar
Humbertacalia neoalleizettei – Madagascar
Humbertacalia pyrifolia – Madagascar
Humbertacalia racemosa – Madagascar
Humbertacalia tomentosa – Madagascar and Réunion
Humbertacalia voluta – Madagascar
References
Asteraceae genera
Flora of the Western Indian Ocean |
76501936 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monument%20to%20Chabuca%20Granda | Monument to Chabuca Granda | The Monument to Chabuca Granda () is a monument made up by a pair of stone statues located at the Plazuela Chabuca Granda in Barranco District dedicated to Peruvian singer-songwriter Chabuca Granda. Next to Granda's statue is an equestrian statue of José Antonio de Lavalle y García, the subject of Granda's song José Antonio.
History
Granda lived part of her childhood on a ranch at the Bajada de los Baños in the district of Barranco until she was twelve years old, near the Bridge of Sighs, to which in 1960 she dedicated a song of the same name.
As a result of this tribute to a major landmark of the district, the municipality decided to erect a sculpture in gratitude to her. The monument, a stone work by Fausto Jaulis, an artist from Ayacucho, was inaugurated on October 24, 1992, in the Plazuela Chabuca Granda, next to the Bridge of Sighs. Next to it stands the monument to the José Antonio de Lavalle y García, to whom Chabuca dedicated the song José Antonio.
In Santiago de Chile, a replica of the statue was unveiled in 2015.
In 2021, Lavalle's statue was vandalised, with its head removed. It was quickly restored to its original state and an investigation was launched.
See also
Bridge of Sighs (Lima)
Hermitage of Barranco
References
Statues in Peru
Equestrian statues in Peru
Barranco District
Outdoor sculptures in Peru
Sculptures of women in Peru
Sculptures of men in Peru
Stone sculptures |
76501937 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hong%20Liang | Hong Liang | Hong Liang (born 1961) is a Chinese-American nanotribologist whose research focuses on nanoparticles on surfaces, and the nanostructure of surfaces. She is Oscar S. Wyatt Jr. Professor and professor of mechanical engineering at Texas A&M University, president of the Society of Tribologists and Lubrication Engineers, and editor-in-chief of Tribology International.
Research
Liang's research focuses on materials science, tribology, and nanotechnology, converging in the field of nanotribology, which studies nanoparticles on surfaces, and the nanostructure of surfaces. The applications she has developed for this technology include nanoparticle lubricants and polishing agents, the use of gold nanoparticles as antibiotics, the use of luminous nanoparticles in fluorescence imaging for cancer diagnosis, and the use of plant-based lignin nanoparticles in supercapacitor-based electrical storage.
Beyond nanotechnology, Liang has also experimented with titanium gold alloys for fabricating super-hard and smooth ends of artificial joints, and with hybrid microrobots that fuse electronics with living cockroaches, allowing electronic control of the insect's nervous system and body.
Education and career
Liang has a bachelor's degree from the Beijing Steel and Iron Institute, now the University of Science and Technology Beijing. She studied materials science as a graduate student at the Stevens Institute of Technology, where she earned a master's degree in 1987 and completed her Ph.D. in 1992, with Traugott Fischer as her doctoral advisor.
After postdoctoral research with Said Jahanmir at the National Institute of Standards and Technology, she took a faculty position at the University of Alaska Fairbanks in 1998. In 2004, she moved to her present position at Texas A&M University, where she was Charles H. Barclay Jr. 45 Faculty Fellow and was named the Oscar S. Wyatt Jr. Professor in 2017. She took a leave in 2018–2019 to serve as ASME Foundation Swanson Fellow in the National Institute of Standards and Technology, where she served as assistant director of research partnerships for the Advanced Manufacturing National Program.
She was elected as president of the Society of Tribologists and Lubrication Engineers, for the 2023–2024 term, and has been co-editor-in-chief of Tribology International since 2015.
Books
Liang is the coauthor of Tribology in Chemical-Mechanical Planarization (with David Craven, Taylor & Francis, 2004). Her edited volumes include Mechanical Tribology: Materials, Characterization, and Applications (with George E. Totten, Marcel Dekker, 2004).
Recognition
Liang was named an ASME Fellow in 2009. She is also a fellow of the Society of Tribologists and Lubrication Engineers.
References
External links
Home page and Surface Science Laboratory
1961 births
Living people
American nanotechnologists
American mechanical engineers
American women engineers
Chinese nanotechnologists
Chinese mechanical engineers
Chinese women engineers
Tribologists
Women materials scientists and engineers
Women mechanical engineers
University of Science and Technology Beijing alumni
Stevens Institute of Technology alumni
University of Alaska Fairbanks faculty
Texas A&M University faculty
Fellows of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers |
76501941 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Texas%20League%20%28disambiguation%29 | Texas League (disambiguation) | The Texas League is a Minor League Baseball league which has operated since 1902.
Texas League, or variations thereof, may also refer to:
Defunct minor league baseball leagues
Texas–Southern League – operated from 1895 to 1899
Texas–Oklahoma League – operated from 1911 to 1914 and again from 1921 to 1922
West Texas–New Mexico League – operated from 1937 to 1955
Arizona–Texas League – operated off-and-on from 1931 to 1954
Arkansas–Texas League – operated for one season in 1906
East Texas League – operated off-and-on from 1916 to 1950
South Texas League – operated from 1903 to 1906
West Texas League – operated from 1920 to 1922 and again from 1928 to 1929
Central Texas League – operated from 1914 to 1917
Middle Texas League – operated from 1914 to 1915
Southwest Texas League – operated from 1910 to 1911
North Texas League – operated from 1905 to 1907
Defunct minor league Negro baseball leagues
Texas Colored League – operated from 1919 to 1926
Arkansas–Louisiana–Texas League – operated for one season in 1951
Negro Texas League – operated from 1924 to 1949
East Texas Negro League – operated for one season in 1946
Other baseball leagues
Texas Winter League – an annual instructional showcase baseball league that operated from 2012 to 2014
Texas Collegiate League – a collegiate summer baseball league operating since 2004
Defunct minor league football leagues
Texas Football League – operated from 1966 to 1968 and again from 1970 to 1971 |
76501944 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serenade%20to%20the%20Executioner | Serenade to the Executioner | Serenade to the Executioner (French: Sérénade au bourreau) is a 1951 French crime drama film directed by Jean Stelli and starring Paul Meurisse, Tilda Thamar and Antonin Berval. It is based on the 1928 novel of the same title by Maurice Dekobra. It was shot at the Saint-Maurice Studios in Paris. The film's sets were designed by the art director Raymond Druart.
Synopsis
Criminal William A. Schomberg masquerades as a physician running a nursing home. He becomes obsessed with the idea that one of his patients Didier is having an affair with his attractive wife Irène. With Inspector Fourasse on his tail Schomberg closes the home and disappears. However he strangles Irène and makes it look as if Didier is guilt of the murder.
Cast
Paul Meurisse as William A. Schomberg
Tilda Thamar as Irène Schomberg
Antonin Berval as Inspecteur Léon Fourasse
Julien Bertheau as Lorenzi
Solange Varenne as Mélie
Jean Pignol as Gilbert
Gérard Landry as Didier Laurent
Véra Norman as Paula Cherry
References
Bibliography
Bessy, Maurice & Chirat, Raymond. Histoire du cinéma français: 1951-1955. Pygmalion, 1989.
Goble, Alan. The Complete Index to Literary Sources in Film. Walter de Gruyter, 1999.
Rège, Philippe. Encyclopedia of French Film Directors, Volume 1. Scarecrow Press, 2009.
External links
1951 films
French crime films
1951 crime films
1950s French-language films
Films directed by Jean Stelli
French black-and-white films
1950s French films
Films based on French novels
Films set in Paris
fr:Sérénade au bourreau |
76501973 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1792%20New%20Hampshire%20gubernatorial%20election | 1792 New Hampshire gubernatorial election | The 1792 New Hampshire gubernatorial election was held on 13 March 1792 in order to elect the Governor of New Hampshire. (The office was renamed to Governor this year after previously having been known as the office of President.) Incumbent Anti-Federalist President/Governor Josiah Bartlett was re-elected unopposed.
General election
On election day, 13 March 1792, incumbent Anti-Federalist President/Governor Josiah Bartlett was re-elected unopposed, thereby retaining Anti-Federalist control over the new office of Governor. Bartlett was sworn in for his third term, yet his first as Governor instead of President on 5 June 1792.
Results
References
New Hampshire gubernatorial elections
1792 in New Hampshire
1790s in New Hampshire
1790s New Hampshire elections
1792 elections
1792 elections in North America
1792 elections in the United States
Government of New Hampshire
United States gubernatorial elections in the 1790s |
76501987 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaga%20Marathon | Malaga Marathon | The Malaga Marathon ( or ) is an annual road-based marathon hosted by Málaga, Spain, since 2010. The marathon is a World Athletics Label Road Race, and was a member of the Association of International Marathons and Distance Races (AIMS).
A half marathon is also held on the same day. The Malaga Half Marathon is a different race, generally held earlier in the year.
History
The inaugural event was held on as the "Maratón de Málaga". Organized by the Málaga City Council, the marathon was won by Spanish runners Juan Vázquez Sánchez and Blanca María Serrano, with finish times of 2:27:29 and 2:59:16, respectively. Sánchez won the race by over seven minutes. Swedish runner Sandr Halvarsson crossed the finish line before Serrano, but was disqualified for lack of evidence proving that she covered the whole course. Roughly 2,000 runners participated in the marathon. A disturbed man, who was tripping some of the participants, was quickly arrested. The marathon was held in conjunction with a race that used the first 12 km of the same course. The shorter race had 680 finishers.
The 2016 edition of the race was cancelled on the day of the race due to inclement weather.
The 2020 edition of the race was cancelled due to the coronavirus pandemic, with all registrants given the option of transferring their entry to 2021, or obtaining a refund (minus management fees).
In 2023, Spanish runner Ricardo Rosado sacrificed what would have been a fifth-place finish to help a fellow runner who was struggling to complete the race. Although Rosado's act violated the rules of World Athletics, the marathon organizers stated that they would not disqualify Rosado, and also awarded him the 500 EUR that he would have earned had he finished fifth.
Course
The marathon is run on a loop course that begins and ends on the Paseo del Parque in , in front of Málaga City Hall. The first and last stretches are run on the same section of the Paseo del Parque, but in different directions. The half marathon shares the same start line as the marathon, but finishes nearby instead, outside the park.
Notes
References
External links
Official site
2010 establishments in Spain
Annual sporting events in Spain
December sporting events
Marathons in Spain
Recurring sporting events established in 2010
Sport in Málaga
Winter events in Spain |
76502050 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bennyhoof%20Creek | Bennyhoof Creek | Bennyhoof Creek is a long first-order tributary to French Creek in Crawford County. This is the only stream of this name in the United States.
Course
Bennyhoof Creek rises on the northside of Meadville, Pennsylvania, and then flows northwesterly to join French Creek about 1 mile southeast of Blacks Corner, Pennsylvania.
Watershed
Bennyhoof Creek drains of area, receives about 44.7 in/year of precipitation, and is about 57.3% forested.
See also
List of rivers of Pennsylvania
References
Rivers of Pennsylvania
Rivers of Crawford County, Pennsylvania |
76502066 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard%20Steevens | Richard Steevens | Richard Steevens (1653 – 15 December 1710) was an Irish physician.
Biography
Steevens and Grizell his sister (1653–1746), were the twin children of John Steevens, an English royalist clergyman who settled in Ireland in the middle of the seventeenth century, and was rector of Athlone from 1660 to 1682. Richard Steevens received his education at the Latin school in Athlone and subsequently at Trinity College, Dublin, where he obtained a scholarship in 1674, graduated B.A. in 1675, and M.A. in 1678. Being intended by his father for the church, he took deacon's orders, but proceeded no further in the ministry, and devoted himself to the medical profession. In 1687 he received the degree of M.D. from his university, and thenceforward practised as a physician in Dublin, where he amassed a large fortune. He was a fellow of the Irish College of Physicians, and in 1710 was elected president of that body. He died before the close of his year of office, on 15 December 1710.
By his will Steevens bequeathed the bulk of his property to his sister Grizell for her life, and directed that upon her death it should vest in trustees to be applied in building, and subsequently in maintaining, a hospital in Dublin, ‘for maintaining and curing from time to time such sick and wounded persons whose distempers and wounds are curable.’ Grizell Steevens, being ‘desirous that the said charitable bequest of her dear brother should begin to take effect in her lifetime,’ surrendered her estate to the trustees in 1717, reserving only 100l. a year, out of a rental of 600l., together with apartments in the hospital when built. She also gave 2,000l. towards the cost of building. The hospital, thus founded, and since known as Steevens's hospital, was completed in 1733 at a cost of 16,000l., and was the first public hospital established in Dublin, where it became one of the foremost institutions of its kind. Dean Swift was one of its earliest governors, and ‘Stella’ (Esther Johnson) in her will bequeathed 1,000l. towards the maintenance of a chaplain of the hospital, so long as the church of Ireland should remain established. Another benefactor was John Sterne, bishop of Clogher. Grizell Steevens survived till 18 March 1746. By her will she bequeathed the residue of her property to the governors of the hospital. Her remains are interred in the hospital chapel. Portraits of Steevens and his sister were placed in the board-room of the institution.
References
1653 births
1710 deaths
17th-century Irish medical doctors
18th-century Irish medical doctors
Alumni of Trinity College Dublin
Fellows of the Royal College of Physicians of Ireland |
76502072 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1984%20Liberty%20Flames%20football%20team | 1984 Liberty Flames football team | The 1984 Liberty Flames football team represented Liberty University as an independent during the 1984 NCAA Division II football season. Led by first-year head coach Morgan Hout, the Flames compiled an overall record of 5–6.
Schedule
References
Liberty
Liberty Flames football seasons
Liberty Flames football |
76502086 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sangre%20Nueva%20Zeta | Sangre Nueva Zeta | Sangre Nueva Zeta is a Mexican criminal syndicate formed in 2019. The organization is made up of former members of Los Zetas.
History
Sangre Nueva Zeta first appeared to the general public on 19 October 2019, when two messages were exhibited in the city of Puebla. They threatened Miguel Barbosa Huerta, governor of Puebla, and Fernando Manzanillo, secretary of the state government.
The group was founded by Roberto de los Santos de Jesús, nicknamed "El Bukanas", a trainer of sicarios from Los Zetas. Sangre Nueva Zeta then expanded thanks to its alliance with the Jalisco New Generation Cartel, a major enemy of Los Zetas, and also due to corruption.
On 17 December 2021, the Mexican Navy arrested Néstor "El Viejón" Carvajal Colotla in Tepeaca, Puebla. El Viejón is one of the leaders of Sangre Nueva Zeta and is one of the criminal group's links with the CJNG (he is said to have carried out several operations under the command of Nemesio Oseguera Cervantes). Barbosa welcomed this arrest and promised to dismantle the Sangre Nueva Zeta.
Activities
Sangre Nueva Zeta originally focused on huachicolero (theft and illicit sale of fuel) formed by elements practicing it for Los Zetas, acting in the Red Triangle. However, it would expand in additional illegal activities, such as cocaine trafficking and extortion.
Members
Roberto de los Santos de Jesús, "El Bukanas": founder and leader of the cartel.
Néstor "El Viejón" Carvajal Colotla: a cartel leader. Captured on 17 December 2021 in Tepeaca.
References
Organizations established in 2019
2019 establishments in Mexico
Drug cartels in Mexico
Mexican drug war |
76502087 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landerolaria | Landerolaria | Landerolaria is a genus of flowering plants in the sunflower family, Asteraceae. It includes ten species endemic to Australia, native to the Northern Territory, Queensland, South Australia, Victoria, and Western Australia.
Species
Ten species are accepted.
Landerolaria arckaringensis – South Australia
Landerolaria eremaea – Western Australia
Landerolaria gordonii – Queensland and South Australia
Landerolaria humilis – Western Australia
Landerolaria laciniifolia – southern Western Australia
Landerolaria macdonnellensis – southern Northern Territory
Landerolaria newbeyi southern Western Australia
Landerolaria orientalis – central-eastern Queensland
Landerolaria stuartii – Northern Territory, Queensland, South Australia, and Western Australia
Landerolaria xerophila – northwestern, central, and northeastern Australia (Northern Territory, Queensland, and Western Australia)
References
Asteraceae genera
Endemic flora of Australia
Taxa named by Guy L. Nesom |
76502104 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitchelton%20Ward | Mitchelton Ward | Mitchelton Ward was a Brisbane City Council ward covering Mitchelton and surrounding suburbs.
Councillors for Mitchelton Ward
References
Former wards of Brisbane |
76502113 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alice%20Cary%20McKinney | Alice Cary McKinney | Alice Cary McKinney ( Sadler; 1865–1928) was an American temperance and social reformer. She served as President of the Louisiana Woman's Christian Temperance Union (WCTU).
Early life and education
Alice Cary Sadler was born in Alabama at Fort Deposit or Pollard, March 20, 1865. Her parents were Francis Wilson Sadler, Jr (b. 1827) and Loretta Cary Crary Sadler (1831-1910). Alice's siblings were: Everett, Olive, John, Ella, Harriet, and Ida.
She was educated in the public schools of Alabama and at Whitworth Female College, Brookhaven, Mississippi.
Career
She left college during her junior year (1884) to teach school in St. Tammany Parish, Louisiana, where she remained until 1886.
Early in life, McKinney had become interested in the temperance movement, and after becoming affiliated with the WCTU, served in almost every capacity in the local county and State bodies, including the editorship of the State WCTU organ, White Ribbon, and the preparation of temperance columns for other publications.
Removing to Ruston, Louisiana, McKinney affiliated with the Louisiana WCTU in which organization she has held successively the offices of district secretary (1903–04), recording secretary (1904–05), corresponding secretary (1906–08), and president (1909, till her death in 1928).
McKinney was also quite active in the promotion of other social and religious uplift movements. For a time, she was parish superintendent (St. Tammany's Parish) of the Temperance Department of the International Sunday School Association. She was a firm advocate of woman suffrage, and made many speeches favoring both that doctrine and Prohibition.
Personal life
In 1887, at Pearl River, Louisiana , she married J. C. H. McKinney (John Columbus Haley McKinney; 1858-1957), of Anguilla, Mississippi. The couple had six children: Conrad, Ethel, Leonox, Gordon, D.L., and Griffin.
The young couple lived near Anguilla, Mississippi for a number of years following their marriage, later moving to Louisiana. The couple settled in Ruston around 1903 where Mr. McKinney engaged in the dairy industry.
McKinney was a member of the Ruston Methodist Church.
She died in a local sanitarium in Shreveport, Louisiana, October 8, 1928, where she had been for ten days undergoing her second blood transfusion in little more than a month.
References
1865 births
1928 deaths
Temperance activists from Louisiana
People from Alabama
People from Ruston, Louisiana |
76502121 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1793%20New%20Hampshire%20gubernatorial%20election | 1793 New Hampshire gubernatorial election | The 1793 New Hampshire gubernatorial election was held on 12 March 1793 in order to elect the Governor of New Hampshire. Incumbent Anti-Federalist Governor Josiah Bartlett defeated former Anti-Federalist Governor John Langdon, Federalist candidate John Taylor Gilman and Anti-Federalist candidate Timothy Walker.
General election
On election day, 12 March 1793, incumbent Anti-Federalist Governor Josiah Bartlett won re-election by a margin of 6,082 votes against his foremost opponent former Anti-Federalist Governor John Langdon, thereby retaining Anti-Federalist control over the office of Governor. Bartlett was sworn in for his fourth term on 5 June 1793.
Results
References
New Hampshire gubernatorial elections
1793 in New Hampshire
1790s in New Hampshire
1790s New Hampshire elections
1793 elections
1793 elections in North America
1793 elections in the United States
Government of New Hampshire
United States gubernatorial elections in the 1790s |
76502132 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BossMan%20Dlow | BossMan Dlow | Devante McCreary (born August 31, 1998), known professionally as BossMan Dlow, is an American rapper. He started rapping while serving time in county jail in 2019 and soon became popular in the Florida rap scene. After releasing the mixtape Too Slippery and its Alamo Records re-release 2 Slippery in 2023, his 2024 breakout single "Get in with Me" became popular on TikTok and Instagram and marked his debut on the Billboard Hot 100.
Life and career
Devante McCreary was born on August 31, 1998 in Port Salerno, Florida, where he was also raised. His father works as a truck driver and he has one brother named Tory, whom McCreary has stated inspired him to pursue music. He began rapping in 2019 as BossMan Dlow before briefly serving time in county jail on charges of selling and possessing cocaine. His music first gained popularity in Tallahassee before spreading to other parts of Florida.
BossMan Dlow released his debut mixtape Too Slippery in January 2023, which gained traction on TikTok. He signed a record deal with Alamo Records in the summer of 2023, who re-released Too Slippery as 2 Slippery in December 2023. His single "Get in with Me", originally performed as a freestyle on the Jacksonville–based series Kreepin Through the Streetz, was released through Alamo Records in January 2024. It soon became popular on Instagram and TikTok—particularly due to a feud between Rick Ross's ex-partner, Tia Kemp, and his daughter, Toie Roberts, during which Kemp posted a video using the song—and subsequently debuted on Billboards Hot 100 and Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs charts the following month. It peaked at number 49 on the Hot 100 after spending five weeks on the chart. His single "Mr Pot Scraper" was released in February of that year and also became popular. BossMan Dlow's third mixtape, Mr Beat the Road, was released on March 15, 2024, with "Get in with Me", "Mr Pot Scraper", and "Piss Me Off" as its singles. A remix of his song "Finesse", from his mixtape 2 Slippery, with rapper GloRilla was released later that month.
Musical style
BossMan Dlow has listed Wiz Khalifa, Babyface Ray, Yo Gotti, Jeezy, Lil Wayne, Plies, and Future as his musical influences. He has described his songs as "motivation music". Alphonse Pierre of Pitchfork wrote that his "dope-dealing motivation rap" was backed by "Michigan-meets-the-South party beats". For Uproxx, Aaron Williams wrote that BossMan Dlow had a "choppy, unconventional delivery and [a] Florida twang" in his raps. Joey Ech of XXL wrote that BossMan Dlow had "impeccable swagger, [a] conversational cadence and [a] booming baritone voice".
Discography
Mixtapes
Singles
As lead artist
References
21st-century African-American musicians
21st-century American rappers
1998 births
Rappers from Florida
African-American male rappers
American people convicted of drug offenses
Alamo Records artists
People from Port Salerno, Florida
Living people |
76502137 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1979%20Castle%20Open | 1979 Castle Open | The 1979 Castle Open was a pro-am [[snooker tournament held from late 1978 to January 1979 at the Castle Snooker Club. It was won by Alex Higgins, who defeated Fred Davis 5–1 in the final.
The promoter, snooker professional Bernard Bennett, who owned the Castle Club, provided a prize fund of £3,500, including a first prize of £750. Almost all of the professional snooker players who were in the country at the time participated, alongside many of the leading amateurs. All matches were played on level terms; no handicaps were applied.
The tournament was played across two blocks. The earlier rounds featured amateurs and lower-ranked professionals, with higher-ranked professionals joining in the second block, held from 19 to 21 January 1979. Only two amateurs progressed to the second block: 16-year-old Jimmy White and 19-year-old Tony Meo. White defeated professionals Jack Karnehm and David Taylor, and Meo eliminated eight-time world champion John Pulman.
Terry Griffiths, who had turned professional that season, later wrote that, "The matches were short and the prize money not all that much but because the proprietor, Bernard Bennett, is a professional who is well liked in the snooker world, there was a good turn-out of professionals to support his tournament."
Fred Davis reached the final at the age of 65, having eliminated Willie Thorne and Cliff Thorburn during the tournament. He won the first frame, but lost 1–5 to Alex Higgins.
Main Draw
Results from the sixth round onwards are shown below.
Earlier rounds
References
Snooker competitions in England
1979 in snooker |
76502143 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bert%20Jones%20%28rugby%20union%29 | Bert Jones (rugby union) | Herbert Arthur Jones (22 August 1918 - 5 December 1998) was an English international rugby union player.
A farmer from Landkey, Devon, Jones made three appearances for England as a lock in the 1950 Five Nations Championship, debuting against Wales at Twickenham. He purportedly lost his place in the side for the final fixture against Scotland due to a fight he had with the French forwards in the match at Colombes.
Jones captained the combined Devon and Cornwall team against the touring 1951–52 Springboks.
See also
List of England national rugby union players
References
External links
Bert Jones at England Rugby
1918 births
1998 deaths
English rugby union players
England international rugby union players
Rugby union players from Devon
Rugby union locks |
76502163 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instrumentals%202 | Instrumentals 2 | Instrumentals 2 (also titled Instrumental Mixtape 2) is the second mixtape by American producer Clams Casino. It was self-released on June 4, 2012.
References
Albums produced by Clams Casino (musician)
2012 mixtape albums
Clams Casino albums
Instrumental hip hop albums
Electronic albums by American artists
Self-released mixtape albums |
76502164 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1978%E2%80%9379%20NCAA%20football%20bowl%20games | 1978–79 NCAA football bowl games | The 1978–79 NCAA football bowl games were a series of post-season games played in December 1978 and January 1979 to end the 1978 NCAA Division I-A football season. A total of 15 team-competitive games were played. The post-season began with the Garden State Bowl on December 16, 1978, and concluded on January 1, 1979, with the Orange Bowl.
Schedule
Rankings from AP Poll
References |
76502229 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1794%20New%20Hampshire%20gubernatorial%20election | 1794 New Hampshire gubernatorial election | The 1794 New Hampshire gubernatorial election was held on 11 March 1794 in order to elect the Governor of New Hampshire. Federalist candidate John Taylor Gilman was elected unopposed.
General election
On election day, 11 March 1794, Federalist candidate John Taylor Gilman won the election as he ran unopposed, thereby gaining Federalist control over the office of Governor. Gilman was sworn in as the 5th Governor of New Hampshire on 5 June 1794.
Results
References
New Hampshire gubernatorial elections
1794 in New Hampshire
1790s in New Hampshire
1790s New Hampshire elections
1794 elections
1794 elections in North America
1794 elections in the United States
Government of New Hampshire
United States gubernatorial elections in the 1790s |
76502265 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hagen%20Keller | Hagen Keller | Ruedi Hagen Keller (born 2 May 1937, in Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany) is a German historian specializing in the history of the early and high Middle Ages. He works mainly on the Ottonian period, the Italian communes, and the culture of writing in the Middle Ages. Keller taught as Professor of Medieval History at the University of Münster from 1982 until his retirement in 2002. His collaboration with his colleague Gerd Althoff was particularly fruitful. With their work, Keller and Althoff made a decisive contribution to Münster's reputation in international medieval studies. Keller's research has had a considerable influence on German and international medieval studies since the 1980s and has led to a reassessment of early and high medieval kingship.
Life
Origin and early years
Hagen Keller was born in Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany, in May 1937, the son of Rudolf Keller, an independent businessman, and his wife Ruth, who was born in Frankenbach. He has four siblings, including volcanologist Jörg Keller. Italy held a special attraction for the whole family. The family first travelled to Italy in 1952 to Lake Maggiore. Starting in the 1950s, the father established business relations with Italy. He imported Italian woodworking machinery. Keller's younger brothers continued the business. Keller's younger sister worked as an au pair, teaching German to the children of an Italian family. Jörg Keller studied for a time in Catania and later worked as a volcanologist in Italy.
After the bombing of Freiburg in 1944, the family lived in Pfullendorf, north of Lake Constance. They returned to Freiburg in 1950. During his school years, Hagen Keller was intensely interested in astronomy. From childhood on, he was less interested in historical novels or biographies; his historical curiosity was stimulated more by monuments and concrete objects. The starting point for his historical awareness was the direct experience of his childhood, the Second World War and National Socialism.
Keller graduated from the Kepler Gymnasium in Freiburg in 1956. Inspired by his high school math and physics classes, he initially planned to study those subjects. However, he abandoned this plan shortly before the semester began. Keller decided to become a teacher. From the summer semester of 1956 to the summer semester of 1962, he studied history, Latin philology, science policy, German studies, philosophy, and physical education at the universities of Freiburg and Kiel. In his first semester, he completed the Medieval Proseminar with Manfred Hellmann. His interest in the Middle Ages was awakened during his third semester in the summer of 1957 by Hans Blumenberg's Kiel lecture on the philosophy of the 14th and 15th centuries. After his return to Freiburg, Keller concentrated on this period with Gerd Tellenbach.
Academic career
From the beginning of 1959, Keller belonged to the "Freiburg working group" for medieval personal research, a group of young researchers led by Gerd Tellenbach. There he met Karl Schmid, Joachim Wollasch, Eduard Hlawitschka, Hansmartin Schwarzmaier and Wilhelm Kurze. The professional exchange with Karl Schmid had a particularly lasting influence on him. As a student of Tellenbach, Keller initially dealt with basic questions of the Alemannic-Franconian history of the early Middle Ages. In 1962, he completed his doctorate under Tellenbach on the subject of Einsiedeln Monastery in Ottonian Swabia.
In 1962/63, Keller was a research assistant to Tellenbach at the Institute for Historical Regional Studies at the University of Freiburg, and from 1963 to 1969 he was a research assistant at the German Historical Institute in Rome. It was during his stay in Rome that Keller determined that the social structure of medieval Italy would be one of the focal points of his future work. Keller also spent the first years of his marriage to Hanni Kahlert, whom he married in 1964, in Italy.
From 1969 to 1972, Keller again worked as a research assistant at the History Department of the University of Freiburg. There, in 1972, he earned his habilitation with a dissertation entitled Seniors and Vassals, Capitans and Valvassors. Studies on the ruling class in the Lombard cities of the 9th-12th centuries with special reference to Milan, the teaching qualification for Medieval and Modern History. The habilitation thesis was substantially revised and expanded for printing. In July 1972 he gave his inaugural lecture in Freiburg on Late Antiquity and the Early Middle Ages in the area between Lake Geneva and the High Rhine.
After another stay at the German Historical Institute in Rome from 1972 to 1973, Keller worked as a university lecturer in Freiburg. In 1976 he was appointed associate professor. In 1978 he received a C3 professorship for Medieval History at the University of Freiburg. In 1979/80 he was Dean of the Philosophical Faculty IV and spokesman of the Joint Committee of the Philosophical Faculties of the University of Freiburg. From 1980 to 1982, Keller was head of the Department of Regional History in the Department of History.
In 1982 he succeeded Karl Hauck at the University of Münster, where he was full professor of medieval history and co-director of the Institute for Early Medieval Studies until his retirement in 2002. He gave his inaugural lecture in June 1983 on population growth and social organization in the European High Middle Ages using the example of Upper Italian agrarian society in the 12th and 13th centuries. In Münster, Keller was one of the founders and for many years the spokesman of the special research area "Carriers, Fields, Forms of Pragmatic Writing" and of the graduate program "Written Culture and Society in the Middle Ages. Keller was instrumental in making Münster a centre of international medieval studies.
As an academic teacher, he supervised 25 dissertations and five habilitations. His academic students include Franz-Josef Arlinghaus, Marita Blattmann, Christoph Dartmann, Jenny Rahel Oesterle, Hedwig Röckelein, Thomas Scharff, and Petra Schulte. He was succeeded in Münster by Martin Kintzinger. Keller gave his farewell lecture in Münster in July 2002 on the overcoming and presence of the "Middle Ages" in European modernity. In it, he tried to define the current position of the Middle Ages. Since the 15th century, there has been a widespread social desire to distance oneself from the Middle Ages. Reform, revolution, rationality, and technical inventions, including their economic and military uses, had formed the guiding principles and the framework of life with which people wanted to distinguish themselves from the Middle Ages. In the last three decades, however, historians have increasingly relativized the epochal boundary around 1500. The scholarly discussion of epochal boundaries and epochal designations illustrates a new way of thinking about the relationship between the present and our long past. In the face of an increasingly unclear awareness of the epoch, Keller locates the task and topicality of medieval studies in the self-assurance of man, for which knowledge of the past is necessary.
Keller was co-editor of Propylaea History of Germany from 1982 to 1995 and co-editor of the series Münster Historical Research since 1991. From 1988 to 2011 he was editor of Early Medieval Studies. He has been a member of the Commission for Historical Regional Studies in Baden-Württemberg since 1980, of the Konstanz Working Group for Medieval History since 1989, and of the Historical Commission for Westphalia since 1990. Keller has been a visiting professor at the Istituto Italiano per gli Studi Storici in Naples (1979), at the University of Florence (1997), and at the École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales in Paris (2001). In 2002 he was elected to the British Academy and in the same year he became a member of the Royal Historical Society in London.
The 36th volume of Early Medieval Studies was dedicated to him. On the occasion of his 70th birthday in 2007, a conference was held in his honour in Münster, the results of which were published in 2011 in the anthology Between Pragmatics and Performance. Dimensions of Medieval Written Culture. In May 2017, on the occasion of his 80th birthday, a colloquium was held at the Department of History of the University of Münster. The focus was on current perspectives on the history of politics in the Middle Ages.
Work
Keller produced more than 150 publications. His works on the foundations and manifestations of Ottonian kingship, on the nobility and urban society in Italy, on the upheavals of the Salian and Staufer periods, and the early period of the Duchy of Swabia are important. From 1975 he worked closely with Gerd Althoff, a student of Keller's mentor Karl Schmid. Their exchange was particularly fruitful for the study of Ottonian historiography and the complex problems of group behaviour and statehood.
The foundations of Ottonian kingship
The starting point for Keller's work on the functioning of Ottonian kingship was the research of his teacher Gerd Tellenbach. In the 1950s, the "Freiburg Working Group" recognized that entries in the fraternity and commemorative books of the early Middle Ages were made in groups. In times of crisis, members of the ruling classes increasingly had the names of their relatives and friends entered into the monastery registers. This had remained hidden from earlier research, which had focused on constitutional history. The analysis of the commemorative tradition brought a completely new understanding of the ties and contacts that the nobility, the church, and the kings maintained with each other. It also made the accounts in Ottonian historiography easier to understand. The "Freiburg Working Group" produced numerous prosopographic, aristocratic, and social-historical works, especially in the 10th century. According to Gerd Althoff, the scholarly discussion on the "emergence" of the "German" empire was also important for Keller's research. As a result, Keller formulated his new view of the "foundations of Ottonian kingship" on the occasion of Gerd Tellenbach's 80th birthday in 1983. His remarks showed that he viewed this kingship differently from his teacher Tellenbach and some of Tellenbach's older students, such as Josef Fleckenstein. According to Fleckenstein, all the king's activities were aimed at strengthening his power over the nobility and the church in the long run. Keller, on the other hand, based his analysis of the political order of the Ottonian Empire on a polycentric system of rule. In his view, a count of royal courts, royal estates, taxes, customs duties, and other revenues did not adequately describe the state order and the possibilities of political organization in the 10th and 11th centuries. For Keller, it was no longer the acquisition and expansion of power that was the yardstick for measuring the achievements of Ottonian rulers, but rather their integrative function. The kingship had the task of integrating the individual aristocratic dominions "by shaping personal relationships and thus giving them the quality of a ruling and legal order. In light of these findings, the image of a personal associational state based on loyalty and allegiance to a leader, as portrayed by Otto Brunner and Theodor Mayer under the influence of National Socialism, was considered outdated. As a result, Gerd Althoff examined the personal networks of relationships that kings and magnates established, maintained, and, when necessary, were able to change.
Keller's 1982 essay Imperial Structure and Concept of Rule in the Ottonian-Early Salian Period, which Gerd Althoff described as the "initial spark" for further research into the foundations of Ottonian kingship, is considered a methodologically important study for understanding Ottonian kingship. In this work, Keller examined the relationship between the Ottonian-Salian rulers and the southern German dukes in Bavaria and Swabia on the basis of the places where the documents of Otto I, Henry II, and Henry III were issued. This is the first time that the importance of Swabia in the Ottonian and early Salian itinerary has been examined. Keller observed a profound change in Ottonian kingship. Until the time of Otto III, Swabia had been used only as a transit country to Italy; royal stays were kept as short as possible. From the year 1000, however, royal rule was publicly demonstrated by the "periodic presence of the court in all parts of the empire. This essay paved the way for a new understanding of the expansion of Ottonian kingship in the Empire.
In their double biography of the first two Ottonians, Henry I, and Otto I, published in 1985, Hagen Keller and Gerd Althoff made intensive use of the findings on medieval prayer commemoration. In particular, the commemoration of prayers in the Ottonian house monasteries of Lüneburg and Merseburg gave an impression of the kinship and alliance relationships of the noble owners. Amicitiae (alliances of friendship) became the central instrument of Henry I rule in his dealings with the magnate, while convivia (communal ritual feasts) was the starting point for political alliances and conspiracies. For Althoff and Keller, the first two Ottonian rulers were no longer symbols of Germany's early power and greatness, but rather representatives of an archaic society far removed from modern thinking. Keller and Althoff identified a structural change in the reigns of Henry I and Otto I. As king, Henry had achieved a balance with numerous rulers through formal alliances of friendship. For Keller and Althoff, the arrangement with the dukes based on these friendship treaties was one of the "foundations for the rapid success in stabilizing royal rule. Henry's son Otto I, on the other hand, had not continued these mutually binding alliances (pacta mutua) with the magnate of his realm, thereby provoking conflict. Otto had shown no consideration for the claims of his kinsmen and nobility; rather, he was concerned with asserting his royal authority. By adopting Carolingian traditions, Otto emphasized the distance between the king and the nobility. Given Henry's friendly alliances with the southern German dukes, Althoff and Keller argue that, according to the understanding of the time, "the dukes' claims were hardly less well-founded or justified than his claim to kingship. Accordingly, it was only logical that Henry renounced an additional legitimation of his kingship by renouncing the anointing when he became king. The realization of the meaning and significance of the amicitia alliances also relativized the image of an anticlerical king painted by older scholars. Henry entered into prayer alliances with both ecclesiastical and secular magnates. According to Althoff and Keller, the friendship pacts with the dukes also created a new scope for the king. The magnates themselves had ties and obligations that extended beyond the borders of the realm. The arrangement with the dukes and the resulting increase in power and prestige gave the king new opportunities to work to his advantage in neighbouring areas of the empire.
At the 1988 German Historians Conference in Bamberg, Keller chaired the section on "Group ties, organization of rule, and written culture under the Ottonians. There he addressed the fundamental problem of "statehood" in the early Middle Ages, presenting a paper entitled "On the character of 'statehood' between Carolingian imperial reform and the expansion of rule in the High Middle Ages". According to Keller, the political culture of the Ottonians in the 10th century cannot be captured by the categories of modern statehood. Ottonian rule was largely without written form, without institutions, without regulated responsibilities and lines of authority, and above all without a monopoly on the use of force. The political order of the Ottonian period was characterized by orality, rituals, and personal ties, whereas the Carolingian empire was characterized by writing, institutions, a highly centralized form of rule, and the royal distribution of offices. The possibilities and limits of royal rule in the tenth century under these conditions were examined in Bamberg by Gerd Althoff about the institutional mechanisms of conflict resolution between king and magnate, and by Rudolf Schieffer about the relationship between the episcopate and the king. The Bamberg lectures were published in Early Medieval Studies in 1989 and are considered an important starting point for a reassessment of Ottonian kingship.
The knowledge of the commemorative tradition also created new conditions for reading the works of Ottonian historiography. In the course of cataloguing the monastic commemorative books of the Carolingian and Ottonian periods, Karl Schmid came across an entry in the Reichenau commemorative book that referred to Otto as rex as early as 929. His research in 1960 and 1964 on the succession to the throne of Otto I brought new facts into the scholarly discussion. Until then, research had been based solely on the information provided by Widukind of Corvey, whose Saxon History seemed to indicate that King Henry I had appointed his eldest son Otto as his successor in 936, shortly before his death. In an essay on Widukind's account of Otto the Great's accession to the throne in Aachen, written in 1995 in the context of the discussion on the critique of memory and tradition, Keller emphasized the importance of the results that Karl Schmid had obtained based on the memory tradition: they "enable and force a different kind of access: namely, to examine the intention of representation and its 'deforming' effect on the 'report' at a central point by confronting it with deviating information. At the same time, Johannes Fried pointed out that historical events are subject to a powerful process of deformation. Historical memory "changes incessantly and imperceptibly, even during the lifetimes of those involved. According to Fried, the resulting view of the past was "never identical with actual history. For Fried, the Widukind of Corvey History of the Saxons, the main source for the early Othonian kingship, is "a construct saturated with errors. Based on Schmid's work on a possible succession to Henry I as early as 928/29, Keller again turned to Widukind's criticism. In contrast to the approach to the unreliability of Ottonian historiography developed by the historians Fedor Schneider, Martin Lintzel, and Carlrichard Brühl and continued by Johannes Fried, Keller concentrated on the effects of a deliberately shaped and deformed representation that aims to show something specific about events. Keller fundamentally doubted whether it was legitimate to apply ethnological methods to a literate medieval historian like Widukind to study completely unwritten cultures. Rather, Widukind's point of view was "based on the entire arsenal of literary design possibilities of a writing culture rich in tradition. Against Fried's criticism of tradition, Keller argued that in 967/68 there were still contemporary witnesses who had directly experienced the events of the royal revolts and successions of 919, 929/30, and 936. Their memories could not be ignored. It is known from Italian interrogations of witnesses in the 12th and 13th centuries that the memories of the oldest witnesses went back up to 70 years, according to their own statements. According to Keller, a royal elevation with simultaneous anointing took place for the first time in the Ottonian period in 961, not in 936. Keller understood Widukind's account of the election and coronation of Otto I in Aachen in 936 as a backward projection by the historian based on the model of the coronation and anointing of Otto II in Aachen in 961, at which he was present as a witness. Keller had already put forward this thesis in lectures in 1969 and 1972. Otto's spiritual consecration had already taken place in Mainz in 930. Keller refers to a note in the 13th-century Lausanne Annals, which is given new significance by Schmid's work on Henry's succession to the throne. The Aachen Act of 936 thus only appears to be a demonstration of power. According to Keller, this reconstruction also clarifies the previously "rather confusing history of coronation law and the coronation site in the Roman-German Empire". However, it does not expose Widukind as a fabulist. Rather, Keller evaluates Widukind's depiction of "self-experienced" history as a statement on current issues. Widukind's description of the coronation should be understood as a critique of the growing influence of the church on the legitimation of rule and the increasing sacralization of kingship. The historian contrasts this development with the "divine plan of salvation," i.e., the rise of the Saxons to kingship as an expression of divine activity and warrior kingship. Keller comes to completely different conclusions than Hartmut Hoffmann, who rejects Schmid's thesis of a decision on the succession in 929/30 and an early anointing of Otto.
In another study, Keller attempts to show that Widukind's historical view of the Ottonian kingship was shaped by biblical ideas. The exhortations that Judas Maccabeus or his brothers are said to have given to their troops before the start of a battle are comparable to the speeches of the Saxon kings Heinrich and Otto before the Hungarian battles of 933 and 955. The Maccabean leaders would have exhorted their followers to put all their trust in God and the victories God had granted their forefathers, and to stand with their lives for the validity of the divine law. The enemies, on the other hand, could only trust in their superior strength and their weapons. Widukind was convinced that the military successes of King Henry and his son Otto repeated the victories God had granted the Maccabees against the superiority of their godless enemies.
In examining the portrayal of rulers in Ottonian historiography of the 960s (Widukind, Liudprand of Cremona, and Hrotsvit), Keller rejects "interpreting the authors' statements simply as testimony to a free-floating history of ideas about kingship. Rather, Keller argues, the statements of Ottonian historiography are "directly related to life" and their formulations are to be understood as "statements on questions that moved the innermost circle of the court, the rulers of the time.
By examining various source genres (historiography, symbols of rule, images of rulers), Keller was able to identify a fundamental link between Ottonian kingship and the Christian ethics of rulers. In his studies of the change in the image of the ruler on Carolingian and Ottonian royal and imperial seals, he no longer understood them as mere propaganda of power but took greater account of the liturgical context of the tradition. He observed a fundamental change in the representation of power under Otto the Great. After the imperial coronation in 962, the depiction of the ruler on the seals changed from Frankish-Carolingian models to a Byzantine model: the half-figure of the king in side view became the emperor in frontal view. Keller studied the portrait of the sovereign in the codex Ottobonianus latinus 74 of the Vatican Library, which is kept in Montecassino. He dates the manuscript to the time of Henry III ("around 1045/47"). The image of the sovereign on folio 193v is not Henry II, but Henry III. He bases his thesis on Wipo's Tetralogus and points to similarities in the understanding of rulership between the miniature and the literary work. Until Keller's interpretation, the portrait had always referred to Henry II.
Symbolic communication also became important for a reassessment of early and high medieval kingship. Hagen Keller, in close collaboration with Gerd Althoff, has thought about demonstrative-ritual and symbolic behaviour in the Ottonian period. The study of rituals and forms of symbolic communication led to the realization that Ottonian historians' representational intentions were primarily focused on the ruler's ties and obligations to God and his loyal followers. Given the importance of personal ties and symbolic forms of communication, Gerd Althoff developed the trenchant thesis of the Ottonian "kingship without state.
In addition to the lack of institutional penetration of the Ottonian kingdom, the exercise of consensual rule is a central criterion in Keller's analysis of the foundations of Ottonian kingship. According to Keller, the king derived his dignity and authority from the consensus of his loyal followers and from the divinely legitimized order of which he was the administrator. In a study of the king's role in the appointment of bishops in the Ottonian and Salian kingdoms, Keller showed that promotions were usually the consensual result of negotiations between the ruler and the cathedral chapter.
In 2001, Keller published a concise presentation of Ottonian history for a wider audience. This overview appeared in its fourth edition in 2008 and was translated into Czech in 2004 and into Italian in 2012. In 2002, on the occasion of Keller's 65th birthday, seven essays written between 1982 and 1997 were published in the anthology Ottonian Kingship. Organization and Legitimation of Royal Power. Together with Gerd Althoff, Keller wrote volume 3 of the new "Gebhardt" (Handbook of German History) on the late Carolingian and Ottonian period, which was published in 2008. Keller wrote the section on the period from the end of the Carolingian Empire to the end of the reign of Otto II. The chapter on "Lebensordnungen und Lebensformen" was written jointly by the two authors. Their declared aim was a "fundamental revision of the traditional view of history", i.e. the "denationalization of the image of the Ottonian Empire".
Italian urban communities and written culture in the Middle Ages
Since about 1965, the relationships between individuals and families in the Middle Ages have been studied with the help of private documents. This new approach was implemented by Gerd Tellenbach and his students using examples from Tuscany and Lombardy. Of particular importance for the history of the city was the in-depth study of the ruling structures based on private documents. In 1969, Keller published his first study on Italy. In it, he examined the place of jurisdiction within the larger cities of Tuscany and northern Italy from the 9th to the 11th centuries and concluded the balance of power between king, bishop, count, and urban patrician. The study shows how the rising powers in the cities, the capitani (high nobility) and the vavasour, slipped away from the influence of the sovereign. Keller also notes the collapse of the material foundations of Lombard Italian kingship: imperial property and imperial rights were lost to the feudal nobility. In his habilitation thesis published in 1979, Aristocratic Rule and Urban Society in Northern Italy, he no longer focuses solely on the high aristocracy of counts and margraves, but also on the middle nobility, the capitani and valvassors known as episcopal (sub-)vassals. Keller first analyzes the development of the terms plebs, populus, civis, capitaneus, and vavasour in the 11th and 12th centuries. He then examines the wealth situation of capitani, peasants, and vavasour. He sees the cause of the Upper Italian vassal uprisings at the end of the 10th and beginning of the 11th century in the "revindication of church property and imperial rights that had been left to the churches". It was therefore a matter of resisting measures that threatened the position of the nobility. In terms of social development, Keller notes "a constancy of the aristocratic upper class from the late 9th to the 12th century and a social dynamic below this aristocratic leadership group that was shaped by changes in ruling structures and reinforced by economic development. Because the study analyzed mainly Milanese sources, it was perceived in Italy primarily as a study of Milan and its sphere of influence. Keller, however, wanted to use a regional example to show "how far and in what ways the social history of northern Italy was involved in the general developments of the société féodale during the 10th-12th centuries". Keller's work, which was translated into Italian in 1995, is considered one of the most important case studies of Italian communes.
In 1986, the new medieval special research field 231 was established at the University of Münster on the subject of "Carriers, Fields and Forms of Pragmatic Writing in the Middle Ages". The international debate on the conditions of communication in oral societies in the 1960s and 1970s provided the impetus for an interdisciplinary research project on the development of European written culture in the Middle Ages. The work of the Collaborative Research Center built on this research situation. Numerous studies on the pragmatics of writing itself or on the function of administrative writing in northern Italian communities were initiated and directed by Keller. The Collaborative Research Center dealt with the development of writing in Europe from the 11th to the early 16th century. According to the initial 1985 proposal, this was the period in which writing "assumed a life-giving function for society and the individual. The 11th and 12th centuries are considered a crucial transitional period for northern Italy. During this period, writing spread to all areas of human interaction. The research program of the Collaborative Research Center was carried out in seven subprojects starting in 1986. The results, presented and discussed at four international colloquia, have been published in four comprehensive volumes. Pragmatic writing is understood as action-oriented writing. In the sense of the research program, "pragmatic" means all "forms of writing that directly serve purposeful action or that aim to guide human action and behavior by imparting knowledge," i.e., "written material for whose creation and use the requirements of life practice were constitutive. Keller studied pragmatic writing primarily about Italian urban communities and the communal societies of the High Middle Ages.
From 1986 to 1999, Keller directed subproject A, "The Writing Process and its Carriers in Upper Italy," as part of the Collaborative Research Center 231. From the 12th century onwards, the source base in communal Italy expanded. Written documentation for government and administration increased to an extent that has no parallel in Europe, despite the general increase in writing. According to Keller, three factors favored the process of writing in the administration of Italian communes. The first was the temporal limitation of the exercise of municipal authority; this required the written record of administrative actions and procedural steps in the administration of justice to ensure continuity. Second, the fear of abuse of office led to a detailed definition of official powers and rules of conduct for officials to control the correctness of official conduct and administrative actions. Sanctions had to be established for violations of the rules. The third factor was the increasing measures taken by the municipality to provide for the livelihood, security, and prosperity of the community. The expansion of the use of writing in communal Italy gave rise to a new source genre in the form of statute codices, the comprehensive collections of applicable statute law whose origins, early history, structure, and social significance Keller explored in his research project. The establishment of norms through statutes is seen as an expression of a profound cultural change in Italian municipalities. The sharp increase in the use of written law was therefore accompanied by a large number of new legal provisions, a systematic organization of the statute books and periodic revisions. Within a few decades, the forms of legal protection and legal procedure were fundamentally changed.
The research project on the pragmatic use of writing in communal Italy initially focused on the modernization of government and administration. However, further research also revealed the disadvantages of the use of writing. Writing had brought with it an increased regimentation of rural economic management and village life. For example, rural communities were told how much grain they had to deliver to the city, broken down by variety. In the increasing number of leases, the duties of each crop were specified in detail. The peasants' livestock was reduced. The town councils forbade the mountain population to keep pack animals. Only millers and carters were allowed to keep a certain number of these animals, and they had to carry registration papers for police control.
Keller and his research group in Münster were able to show numerous examples of how administrative and governmental actions in Italian municipalities were continuously and completely written down. This was accompanied by a new way of dealing with records. Thanks to systematic archiving, files could be found and used again generations later. Written documentation helped, for example, to ensure that the local population was provided for in times of need, and it also made it easier to track down heretics. According to Thomas Scharff, a colleague of Keller's, the medieval inquisition was "inconceivable without the growth of pragmatic writing.
On the basis of his research on the administrative records of the Italian communes, which grew enormously from the end of the 12th century, Keller examined the social side effects and anthropological consequences of this process of writing. He asked about the significance of writing for people's worldviews and strategies of action. His thesis is "that the forms of cognitive orientation associated with writing are of direct importance for the process of individualization that can be traced in European society since the High Middle Ages". These considerations are related to the general discussion of the emergence of individuality from the 12th century onwards. Keller used tax collection and grain and supply policies to show that the living conditions of each individual citizen in the community were integrated into controllable procedures through administrative writing. The process of writing around 1200 also led to a profound change in the legal life of Italian cities. Writing down the law meant that individuals could free themselves from group ties and locate themselves in the political and social order.
Symbolic communication
The subproject directed by Keller, Document and Book in the Symbolic Communication of Medieval Legal Communities and Ruling Associations (2000–2008), was part of the Collaborative Research Center 496: Symbolic Communication and Social Value Systems from the Middle Ages to the French Revolution. One of the key questions of the Collaborative Research Center was: "When and why did people change acts of symbolic communication, introduce new ones, or abandon old ones?" This subproject also focused on communal Italy. The project dealt with the possible interpretations of the use of writing in its communicative context. The aim was to gain new insights into the creation and use of sovereign documents in the early and high Middle Ages.
The inclusion of symbolic communication contributed to a reevaluation of written form. According to Keller, deeds were "the most important and at the same time the most solemn medium of written communication" in early medieval governing and legal communities. In the case of rulers' charters, Keller argued that more attention should be paid to the hitherto under-studied act of privilege and the circumstances that led to the creation of the charters. A comprehensive and adequate assessment of the historical significance of a document is only possible by taking symbolic communication into account. Keller argues that the text of a document and its symbolic public interaction are inextricably intertwined. Only when the overall structure and message of a charter and its historical situation are taken into account are the prerequisites for a better understanding of privilege and the act of privileging given. Keller thus sees charters not only as textual or legal documents but also as a means of representation and self-representation of the ruler and as a "sign of sovereignty" in the king's communication with his followers. According to Keller, the act of granting the charter was less an expression of the ruler's free will than the result of a process of communication and consensus-building between the ruler and various interest groups. Privileging should be understood as a ritualized communication process that went far beyond the mere act of issuing the charter. The immediate context of the creation and use of a deed can be better understood by classifying it as a ceremonial act. Parts of the charter should be interpreted as deliberate communicative signals. In this way, a charter, which puts a legal fact into writing, becomes a source for a specific situation in the medieval ruling community. According to Keller's research, the "written cultural elements of authenticity assurance" in early and high Carolingian charters were replaced around 860 by greater publicity and representativeness in the act of authentication. The king's monogram and seal were enlarged and clearly separated from the text. The "visual presentation of the document" seems to be "embedded in a change in the ruler's public communication with his followers. This type of sealing took into account the poor literacy of the secular officials. The document thus became a medium of symbolic communication in the 10th century. According to Keller, the meaning of the deed and the document changed during the 11th and 12th centuries as perceptions of the social foundations of law and the guarantee of law by rule and community changed. From the middle of the 12th century, the use of writing and the differentiation of business documents in the socio-cultural context can be observed.
Upheavals in the Salian and Staufer periods
In an essay published in 1983 on the behaviour of the Swabian dukes of the 11th and 12th centuries as pretenders to the throne, Keller initiated a paradigm shift in German-language medieval studies with the idea of "princely responsibility for the empire". His new research approach was based on the motives of the magnates and the fundamental relationship between king, princes, and empire as a whole. Keller identified a change in the understanding of elections in the 11th and 12th centuries and was able to show that the behaviour of the Swabian dukes had motives other than the previously assumed motive of "princely self-interest. From 1002, and increasingly from 1077, the princes claimed to be able to "act as a group for the realm [...] and to assert themselves as the general public against special interests". As a result, the empire became "an association capable of acting even without the king. With this view, Keller opposed the older scholarly opinion that the princes were the "gravediggers of the realm" whose behaviour in the Middle Ages had contributed to the decline of royal central authority.
Keller's account of the High Middle Ages in the second volume of the Propylaea History of Germany (1986) was highly acclaimed in medieval research. The book is divided into three main parts: The Salian Empire in the Upheaval of the Early Medieval World (1024-1152) (pp. 57–216), The Reorganization of Living Conditions in the Development of Human Thought and Action (pp. 219–371) and The German Empire between World Empire, Papal Authority and Princely Power (1152-1250) (pp. 375–500). In his account, Keller no longer interpreted the conflicts in the Salian and Hohenstaufen period as disputes between royalty and nobility but described the "royal rule in and above the rank dispute between the magnates". Fighting rebellions was an essential part of Salian governance. According to Keller, conflicts arose whenever there was a threat of changes in the hierarchy and power structure. When offices or fiefs had to be redistributed after the death of their holders, disputes arose. But it was also a central task of the king to settle local conflicts. In contrast to historians such as Egon Boshof or Stefan Weinfurter, Keller did not regard the increasing criticism of Henry III's reign in the last decade of his reign as a sign of a fundamental crisis, since otherwise, the entire Ottonian and Salian period would have to be described as an epoch of crisis.
In a lecture given in September 2000 and published in 2006, Keller notes a change in social values in the 12th century. He observes a clearer emergence of the individual personality in society. At the same time, there was a change in the political order, which integrated the personal existence of people more strongly than before into universally valid norms. According to Keller, these two developments belong together as complementary phenomena. He cites numerous political and social changes to support his thesis of an interweaving of communal order and individual responsibility. Since the twelfth century, the oath had not only taken on greater significance, but by swearing it, the individual now bound himself to the whole of the political community. From the twelfth century onwards, an innovation in the oath was a self-binding commitment to the principles of community life. In addition, not only the legal system changed in the 12th century, but above all the concept of law. In criminal law, the understanding of punishment and guilt had changed: Acts committed under personal responsibility were no longer to be compensated with a compositio, but rather punished with a just penalty graded according to the severity of the offence. Keller devoted further publications to the changes and upheavals of the 12th century.
Scientific repercussions
Keller's analysis of Ottonian kingship, his constitutional and regional historical observations on how kingship penetrated a territory, his research on rituals and conflicts, and his comments on charters and seals as vehicles of communication between rulers and recipients of charters have played a significant role in the reassessment of high medieval kingship that began in the 1980s. Hans-Werner Goetz (2003), for example, sees early medieval kingship as primarily characterized by ritual and the representation of power.
Keller's 1982 findings on the exercise of royal rule, which encompassed all parts of the empire around 1000, have been widely accepted by scholars. In 2012, however, Steffen Patzold, in contrast to Keller's view of the integration of the southern German duchies, considered Swabia to be a peripheral zone of the empire even under Henry II, since not a single synod that met in the presence of Henry II took place in Swabia. The celebration of a high feast (Christmas, Easter, and Pentecost), which was regarded as an act of royal representation and exercise of power, took place only once in Swabia. Patzold also referred to the documentary material: only five percent of all the charters of Henry II were issued in Swabia.
The interpretation of charters as visual media advocated by Keller and his research group has become generally accepted in historical scholarship. More recent works hardly perceive charters as mere texts. The work that emerged from the project "The writing process and its carriers in northern Italy" between 1986 and 1999 has so far only been selectively received in Italian medieval research - probably mainly for linguistic reasons.
In 2001, August Nitschke argued against overemphasizing the contrast between "Carolingian statehood" and Ottonian "royal rule without a state". He concludes: "The transition from Carolingian statehood to the personal rule of the Ottonians, to a 'personal association state', does not need to be explained; for this 'statehood' did not exist under the Carolingians. In other studies, such as those by Roman Deutinger and Steffen Patzold, the contrast between the forms of rule in the Carolingian and Ottonian periods emphasized by Keller is seen as far less profound.
Keller's and Althoff's research on amicitia alliances and oaths, polycentric rule, written culture, rituals, and symbols has added considerably to our knowledge. Their views have been widely accepted in contemporary medieval studies of the Ottonians. Her dual biography of Henry I and Otto the Great, published in 1985, was supplemented in 2008 by Wolfgang Giese's biography to reflect the current state of research. In a work published in 2001, Jutta Schlick examined the royal elections and court days from 1056 to 1159, primarily on the basis of Keller's research. In her post-doctoral thesis, published in Passau in 2003, Elke Goez dealt with pragmatic writing by examining "the administrative and archival practice of the Cistercians, their handling of their own documentary and administrative records".
Most of Keller's students were also members of the Münster Collaborative Research Center; their positions were funded by the German Research Foundation as part of the Collaborative Research Center. The investigations therefore remained strongly focused on the topic of the research project headed by Keller, "The writing process and its carriers in Upper Italy". This allowed a "school" to develop in Münster in the sense of a circle of students with a common field of research: Roland Rölker examined the role of different families in the Contado (the area claimed as a dominion and economic area) and in the municipality of Modena, Nikolai Wandruszka analyzed the social development of Bologna in the High Middle Ages, Thomas Behrmann traced the writing process from the 11th to the 13th century on the basis of the two document collections in Novara, the cathedral chapter of S. Maria and the chapter of the Basilica of S. Gaudenzio, which was separated from it.
Jörg W. Busch worked on the historiography of Milan from the late 11th to the early 14th century, Petra Koch on the Vercellese municipal statutes of 1241 and 1341, and Peter Lütke Westhues on the Veronese municipal statutes of 1228 and 1276. Patrizia Carmassi analyzed the use and application of liturgical books in the ecclesiastical institutions of the city of Milan from the Carolingian period to the 14th century, Thomas Scharff traced the use of writing in the context of the Inquisition in several contributions, Christoph Dartmann researched the beginnings of the Milanese commune (1050–1140), the consular commune of Genoa in the 12th century and the municipal commune of Florence around 1300, and Petra Schulte dealt with the trust in Upper Italian notarial deeds of the 12th and 13th centuries. Petra Schulte dealt with the trust in the Upper Italian notarial deeds of the 12th and 13th centuries.
Writings
A list of his writings appeared in: Thomas Scharff, Thomas Behrmann (eds.): Bene vivere in communitate. Contributions to the Italian and German Middle Ages. Hagen Keller's 60th birthday presented by his students. Waxmann, Münster 1997, ISBN 3-89325-470-6, p. 311-319.
Monographs
Die Ottonen. 6., aktualisierte Auflage. Beck, Munich 2021, ISBN 978-3-406-77413-3.
with Gerd Althoff: Die Zeit der späten Karolinger und der Ottonen. Krisen und Konsolidierungen 888–1024. 10., completely revised edition. Klett-Cotta, Stuttgart 2008, ISBN 978-3-608-60003-2.
Ottonische Königsherrschaft. Organisation und Legitimation königlicher Macht. Scientific Book Society, Darmstadt 2002, ISBN 3-534-15998-5.
Zwischen regionaler Begrenzung und universalem Horizont. Deutschland im Imperium der Salier und Staufer 1024 bis 1250 (= Propyläen-Geschichte Deutschlands. Volume 2). Propylaea Publishing House, Berlin 1986, ISBN 3-549-05812-8.
with Gerd Althoff: Heinrich I. und Otto der Große. Neubeginn auf karolingischem Erbe. Muster-Schmidt, Göttingen et al. 1985, ISBN 3-7881-0122-9.
Adelsherrschaft und städtische Gesellschaft in Oberitalien. 9. bis 12. Jahrhundert (= Bibliothek des Deutschen Historischen Instituts in Rom. Bd. 52). Niemeyer, Tübingen 1979, ISBN 3-484-80088-7 (Partly simultaneously: Freiburg (Breisgau), Postdoctoral thesis, 1971, with the title: Senioren und Vasallen, Capitane und Valvassoren. T. 1).
Kloster Einsiedeln im ottonischen Schwaben (= Forschungen zur oberrheinischen Landesgeschichte. Volume 13). Alber, Freiburg i. Br. 1964.
Editorships
with Marita Blattmann: Träger der Verschriftlichung und Strukturen der Überlieferung in oberitalienischen Kommunen des 12. und 13. Jahrhunderts (= Wissenschaftliche Schriften der WWU Münster. Volume 25). Westphalian Wilhelms University, Münster 2016, ISBN 3-8405-0142-3.
with Christel Meier, Volker Honemann, Rudolf Suntrup: Pragmatische Dimensionen mittelalterlicher Schriftkultur. Akten des Internationalen Kolloquiums Münster 26.–29. Mai 1999 (= Münstersche Mittelalter-Schriften. Volume 79). Fink, München 2002, ISBN 3-7705-3778-5 (Digitized version).
with Christel Meier, Thomas Scharff: Schriftlichkeit und Lebenspraxis im Mittelalter. Erfassen, Bewahren, Verändern (Akten des internationalen Kolloquiums 8.–10. Juni 1995) (= Münstersche Mittelalter-Schriften. Volume 76). Fink, München 1999, ISBN 3-7705-3365-8 (Digitized version).
with Franz Neiske: Vom Kloster zum Klosterverband. Das Werkzeug der Schriftlichkeit. Akten des Internationalen Kolloquiums des Projekts L 2 im SFB 231, 22.–23. Februar 1996 (= Münstersche Mittelalter-Schriften. Volume 74). Fink, Munich 1997, ISBN 3-7705-3222-8 (Digitized version).
with Thomas Behrmann: Kommunales Schriftgut in Oberitalien. Formen, Funktionen, Überlieferung (= Münstersche Mittelalter-Schriften. Volume 68). Fink, Munich 1995, ISBN 3-7705-2944-8.
with Klaus Grubmüller, Nikolaus Staubach: Pragmatische Schriftlichkeit im Mittelalter. Erscheinungsformen und Entwicklungsstufen (Akten des internationalen Kolloquiums, 17.–19. Mai 1989) (= Münstersche Mittelalter-Schriften. Volume 65). Fink, Munich 1992, ISBN 3-7705-2710-0 (Digitized version).
References
External links
Publications by Hagen Keller in the Opac of the Regesta Imperii
Page by Hagen Keller at the Institute for Early Medieval Research at the University of Münster
Intervista a Hagen Keller / Interview mit Hagen Keller, a cura di Paola Guglielmotti, Giovanni Isabella, Tiziana Lazzari, Gian Maria Varanini. In: Reti Medievali Rivista. Volume 9, 2008 (Italian version / German version).
Bibliography
Gerd Althoff: Der Schrift-Gelehrte. Zum sechzigsten Geburtstag des Historikers Hagen Keller. In: Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung, May 2, 1997, No. 101, p. 40.
Christoph Dartmann, Thomas Scharff, Christoph Friedrich Weber (Ed.): Zwischen Pragmatik und Performanz. Dimensionen mittelalterlicher Schriftkultur (= Utrecht studies in medieval literacy. Volume 18). Brepols, Turnhout 2011, ISBN 978-2-503-54137-2.
Thomas Scharff, Thomas Behrmann (Ed.): Bene vivere in communitate: Beiträge zum italienischen und deutschen Mittelalter. Hagen Keller zum 60. Geburtstag überreicht von seinen Schülerinnen und Schülern. Waxmann, Münster 1997, ISBN 3-89325-470-6.
Keller, Hagen. In: Kürschners Deutscher Gelehrtenkalender. Bio-bibliographisches Verzeichnis deutschsprachiger Wissenschaftler der Gegenwart. Volume 2: H – L. 26th edition. de Gruyter, Berlin et al. 2014, ISBN 978-3-11-030257-8, p. 1730 f.
Hagen Keller. In: Jürgen Petersohn (Ed.): Der Konstanzer Arbeitskreis für mittelalterliche Geschichte. Die Mitglieder und ihr Werk. Eine bio-bibliographische Dokumentation (= Veröffentlichungen des Konstanzer Arbeitskreises für Mittelalterliche Geschichte aus Anlass seines fünfzigjährigen Bestehens 1951–2001. Volume 2). Thorbecke, Stuttgart 2001, ISBN 3-7995-6906-5, p. 217–224 (online).
Wer ist wer? Das deutsche Who’s Who. LI. 2013/2014 edition, p. 547.
Academic staff of the University of Freiburg
Academic staff of the University of Münster
Fellows of the British Academy
Fellows of the Royal Historical Society
University of Freiburg alumni
German people
1937 births
Men
Living people |
76502275 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yo%20mama%20%28disambiguation%29 | Yo mama (disambiguation) | Yo mama may refer to:
"Yo mama" joke, a form of humor involving a verbal disparaging of one's mother.
"Ur Mum", a song by Wet Leg
"Yo' mama", a song by Frank Zappa in the Sheik Yerbouti album
Yo Momma, an American TV show based upon insulting one's mother
Yo Mama's Last Supper, a work of art made by Jamaican-American artist Renee Cox
Yo' Mama's DisFunktional!: Fighting the Culture Wars in Urban America (1997), a book by American historian and academic Robin Kelley |
76502291 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1795%20New%20Hampshire%20gubernatorial%20election | 1795 New Hampshire gubernatorial election | The 1795 New Hampshire gubernatorial election was held on 10 March 1795 in order to elect the Governor of New Hampshire. Incumbent Federalist Governor John Taylor Gilman was re-elected unopposed.
General election
On election day, 10 March 1795, incumbent Federalist Governor John Taylor Gilman won re-election as he ran unopposed, thereby retaining Federalist control over the office of Governor. Gilman was sworn in for his second term on 6 June 1795.
Results
References
New Hampshire gubernatorial elections
1790s in New Hampshire
1790s New Hampshire elections
1795 elections
1795 elections in North America
1795 elections in the United States
Government of New Hampshire
United States gubernatorial elections in the 1790s |
76502309 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Shipton%20%28surgeon%29 | John Shipton (surgeon) | John Shipton (1680 – 17 September 1748) was an English surgeon.
Biography
Shipton was the son of James Shipton, a druggist, living in Hatton Garden, was apprenticed on 2 February 1696 for seven years to William Pleahill, paying 20l. He served his time and was duly admitted to the freedom of the Barber-Surgeons' Company on 7 March 1703. He served the office of steward of anatomy in 1704, and on 1 June 1731 he was fined rather than serve as steward of the ladies' feast. He was elected an examiner in the company on 27 August 1734, and on 17 August 1738 he became a member of its court of assistants. He then paid a fine of 30l. to avoid serving the offices of warden and master, to which he would have been elected in due course. He lived for many years in Brooke Street, Holborn, where he enjoyed a lucrative practice. He was called into consultation by John Ranby (1703–1773), when Caroline, the queen of George II, was mortally ill of a strangulated hernia. He sided in this consultation with Ranby against Busier, who was in favour of an immediate operation. Lord Hervey says of him that he was ‘one of the most eminent and able of the whole profession.’ He died on 17 September 1748.
References
1680 births
1748 deaths
18th-century English medical doctors
18th-century surgeons
English surgeons |
76502319 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1796%20New%20Hampshire%20gubernatorial%20election | 1796 New Hampshire gubernatorial election | The 1796 New Hampshire gubernatorial election was held on 8 March 1796 in order to elect the Governor of New Hampshire. Incumbent Federalist Governor John Taylor Gilman was re-elected unopposed.
General election
On election day, 8 March 1796, incumbent Federalist Governor John Taylor Gilman won re-election as he ran unopposed, thereby retaining Federalist control over the office of Governor. Gilman was sworn in for his third term on 6 June 1796.
Results
References
New Hampshire gubernatorial elections
1796 in New Hampshire
1790s in New Hampshire
1790s New Hampshire elections
1796 elections
1796 elections in North America
1796 elections in the United States
Government of New Hampshire
United States gubernatorial elections in the 1790s |
76502339 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meadow%20Run%20%28Dunkard%20Creek%20tributary%29 | Meadow Run (Dunkard Creek tributary) | Meadow Run is a long second-order tributary to Dunkard Creek in Greene County.
Course
Meadow Run rises about 2.5 miles southeast of Kirby, Pennsylvania and then flows southeasterly to join Dunkard Creek about 1 mile southeast of Davistown, Pennsylvania.
Watershed
Meadow Run drains of area, receives about 43.2 in/year of precipitation, and is about 86.1% forested.
See also
List of rivers of Pennsylvania
References
Rivers of Pennsylvania
Rivers of Greene County, Pennsylvania |
76502357 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voie%20des%20F%C3%AAtes%20and%20the%20voie%20navette%20of%20the%20Paris%20M%C3%A9tro | Voie des Fêtes and the voie navette of the Paris Métro | The Voie des Fêtes and the voie navette of the Paris Métro are two single-track connecting tunnels between lines 3 bis at the Porte des Lilas station, and 7 bis at the Place des Fêtes and Pré-Saint-Gervais stations, in the 19th arrondissement of Paris.
The Voie des Fêtes takes its name from the station where it originates and it is on this track that we find the Haxo station ghost station, which was never opened to the public.
The Voie navette takes its name from a shuttle that ran between the termini of lines 3 and 7 (now 3 bis and 7 bis) from 1921 to 1939. During the 1950s, it served as a testing ground for the RATP, notably for the first tests of automatic piloting in 1951, and then for the world's first rubber-tired metro prototype, the MP 51, from 1952 to 1956.
Layout
The Voie des Fêtes breaks away shortly after the Place des Fêtes station on line 7 bis and runs under the . After a curve to the southeast, it passes under the line 7 bis. It runs under Boulevard Sérurier, one of the Boulevards des Maréchaux in the east of the capital, then serves the ghostly Haxo station. It then joins the voie navette before serving the Porte des Lilas - Cinéma, a two-track station flanked by two side platforms.
With a length of 770 meters, the voie navette runs entirely under the Boulevard Sérurier. Also, with a difficult long, and flat profile, it has a tight curve with a radius of seventy-five meters and a ramp of 40 ‰ over three hundred meters.
From the exit of the Porte des Lilas - Cinéma station, the two tracks merge into a short single track that connects to line 3 bis, on the track towards Gambetta.
History
Timeline
27 November 1921: inauguration of the Gambetta - Porte des Lilas section of line 3 and of the shuttle service between lines 3 and 7.
3 September 1939: end of the shuttle service.
13 April 1952 to 31 May 1956: Experiments with the MP 51.
Linking lines 3 and 7
In its deliberations of 14 June 1901, the Paris City Council expressed the wish to study a network complementary to the first lines built, so that, in principle, no part of the city would be more than four hundred meters from a metro station.
Fulgence Bienvenüe's project, presented on 4 December 1901, proposed several new lines and extensions, including line 3 from Gambetta to Porte de Romainville (Porte des Lilas). In addition to the terminus of line 3, a second station was built from which a double-track tunnel extended by two single-track tunnels connected to line 7 (now 7 bis), allowing the latter to operate to Porte des Lilas.
One of the two tracks connects to the Place des Fêtes station, the voie des Fêtes, with an intermediate one-way station, called Porte du Pré-Saint-Gervais in the project, since popularized as Haxo, just 100 m from the other station, also called Porte du Pré-Saint-Gervais in the project, and now Pré-Saint-Gervais. The other connects to the Pré-Saint-Gervais station, the voie navette. The planned extension, with the additional connection to line 7, is 2.157 kilometers long.
Work was nearing completion on the eve of the World War I, during which it continued at a slow pace. The section was handed over to the CMP on 23 February 1920, but the latter did not build the extension immediately: it was waiting for the city's commitment to pay the necessary funds in anticipation of the new 1920 agreement. Final work resumed in December 1920.
The navette
The idea of sending line 7 trains to Porte des Lilas was dropped from the original plans, as line 3 trains were more than sufficient for this service (line 11 did not exist then). However, to connect lines 3 and 7, a shuttle service was planned on the northern track of the line, now called the "voie navette", between Pré-Saint-Gervais and Porte des Lilas stations. The service would be operated with a single unit consisting of two 10.85-meter "little Sprague" power cars taken from line 2. The small capacity of this trainset was more than sufficient for the traffic to be handled.
The Voie des Fêtes and the Haxo station were rendered useless: the track was only used to park the trains of line 3, while the station was not completed and, in particular, had no access to the public highway.
The voie navette was inaugurated on 27 November 1921, with the extension of line 3, now line 3 bis. But this very short line ceased to operate with the introduction of the restricted service during the World War II, on 3 September 1939.
Experimenting with rubber-tired metro systems
After the war, the voie navette was not reopened for commercial service due to very low ridership. However, it was used for numerous RATP tests, including the first autopilot tests in 1951 and the world's first rubber-tired metro prototype, the MP 51, from 1952 to 1956.
After the initial tests, the MP 51 appeared to the company's engineers to be completely reliable. As a result, it was used daily in passenger service on the voie navette from 1:30 p.m. to 7:30 p.m. from 13 April 1952 to 31 May 1956.
This was not a return to commercial service on this track, as service was suspended on days when the railcar was being overhauled. Traffic remains very low, consisting mainly of curious onlookers and schoolchildren. A passenger, often a child, is regularly invited to drive the metro: he or she engages the autopilot, which the RATP is also testing during these trials. Sensors are placed underneath the vehicle and receive a program sent by an alternating current spread by a wire placed on the track, drawing a Greek pattern with variable steps.
Reconversion
After serving as a training track for metro drivers, first on iron and then on rubber tires, and for the introduction of new rolling stock, the voie navette to the north, near Pré-Saint-Gervais station, was converted into a reinforced inspection station, i.e. a small maintenance workshop for the MF 88 equipment on line 7 bis. The tunnel is partly used to park trains, with seven parking positions. In addition to a separation grid, the track still has its wooden tire tracks from the MP 51 trials.
Southward, Porte des Lilas station on the voie navette and the voie des Fêtes has an unusual role. Unused for commercial service since 1939, except for the temporary reopening of one of the station's two platforms for MP 51 passenger service from 1952 to 1956, it has been transformed into a film set for advertising and cinema, hence its current name, Porte des Lilas - Cinéma.
Filming in metro stations open to the public is very restrictive, due to the short nightly interruptions that would allow their use. This is where most of the films set in the Paris metro are shot. Depending on the needs of the film, fake enamel signs with different station names are created to turn the station into a different one for the duration of the filming.
Projects
In particular, these two tracks are intended to be used for the possible merger of lines 3 bis and 7 bis, as planned in the Master Plan for the Île-de-France Region (SDRIF- ).
References
See also
Bibliography
Related articles
MP 51
Haxo station
Paris Métro line 3bis
Paris Métro line 7bis
Paris Métro
Abandoned rapid transit stations |
76502389 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fally%20Ipupa%20Foundation | Fally Ipupa Foundation | The Fally Ipupa Foundation (French: Fondation Fally Ipupa; FFI) is a non-profit organization established in 2013 by Congolese singer-songwriter Fally Ipupa. It aims to provide assistance to various marginalized groups in need in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), including victims of sexual violence, diseases, and orphans.
History and activities
Fally Ipupa founded the Fally Ipupa Foundation in June 2013, shortly after rehabilitating his former school, St. Jean-Baptiste in Kinshasa, and providing it with 100 equipped desks. Following its establishment, he then announced to Radio Okapi his strategy to procure funds for the foundation through concerts and other socio-cultural events.
Early initiatives, water supply initiative and response to epidemics
On 14 October 2014, the FFI dispatched a medical ambulance to the General Hospital of Goma. The foundation also distributed clothes and shoes to the victims embroiled in the Kivu conflicts in Goma.
In October 2016, the Fally Ipupa Foundation launched the "Mayi Na Kisenso" initiative (denoting water for all) in Kinshasa to supply drinking water to the urban-rural commune of Kisenso. The project began on 6 October, with the planning of the roads and land where the water supply point was erected.
In June 2018, during the resurgence of the Ebola epidemic in the northern region of the DRC, the FFI launched a fundraising campaign and partnered with the humanitarian response led by the Congolese government and its health partners to help those in need.
Community support during crisis, maternal healthcare support, and military assistance and support
During the COVID-19 pandemic, the Fally Ipupa Foundation launched a fundraising campaign to help vulnerable and destitute people in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Within a few days of its launch, the campaign collected over $10,000 in cash and tons of in-kind donations. The FFI also received a generous donation of 1,000 bags of rice. After the final collection, the FFI entrusted the Catholic Church with distributing all the donations collected, mainly through orphanages, homes for older adults, and other places. On 18 June, 2020, the Fally Ipupa Foundation presented a check for €20,000 and 2,500 anti-COVID masks to the Panzi Foundation of Congolese gynecologist Denis Mukwege through its clinic in Kinshasa.
On 17 May 2021, the FFI visited women giving birth at the Maternité de Kintambo hospital building located in Kinshasa's Kintambo commune and the CBCO (Communauté Baptiste Du Congo) hospital in the Bandalungwa commune. Due to the financial crisis that had prevented some births for several months, the Fally Ipupa Foundation paid the bills for around thirty mothers.
On 13 June, 2022, the Fally Ipupa Foundation provided assistance to the Armed Forces of the Democratic Republic of Congo (FARDC), who are currently engaged in combat against the Rwandan-backed rebel military group M23. The FFI brought food and non-food items, including rice, canned goods, and bottled water, to support the FARDC's efforts.
References
Orphanages in Africa
Non-profit organizations based in Africa
Organizations established in 2013
Organisations based in Kinshasa
Political organisations based in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
Kinshasa
Democratic Republic of the Congo |
76502395 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemmendinger | Hemmendinger | Hemmendinger is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Henry Hemmendinger (1915–2003), American scientist
Judith Hemmendinger (1923–2024), German-Israeli social researcher and author |
76502409 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doctor%20Liza%20%28disambiguation%29 | Doctor Liza (disambiguation) | Doctor Liza may refer to:
Elizaveta Glinka ( 1962 – 2016), Russian humanitarian worker and charity activist
Doctor Liza, 2009 documentary documentary by Elena Pogrebizhskaya
Doctor Liza (film), 2020 drama film |
76502418 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry%20Small | Harry Small | Harold Dudley Small (7 January 1922 - 1 July 2017) was a South African-born England international rugby union player.
Born in Durban, Small attended Dundee High School and the University of the Witwatersrand in South Africa, before taking up a Rhodes Scholarship to Oxford University. He competed in the Oxford University XV.
Small played for England as a wing-forward in all four matches of the 1950 Five Nations Championship.
See also
List of England national rugby union players
References
External links
Harry Small at England Rugby
1922 births
2017 deaths
English rugby union players
England international rugby union players
South African rugby union players
Rugby union players from Durban
Rugby union wing-forwards
Oxford University RFC players
University of the Witwatersrand alumni
South African Rhodes Scholars |
76502442 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lea%20Park%20Bridge | Lea Park Bridge | Lea Park Bridge is a truss bridge that crosses the North Saskatchewan River as part of Alberta Highway 897 in the County of Vermilion River near the community of Lea Park, Alberta. It is located approximately from the Saskatchewan border between Marwayne and the Cree community of Frog Lake. The bridge is situated directly to the left of the mouth of the Vermilion River.
Design
The bridge is made of of steel and of concrete. The design features five yellow trusses over a two lane road with a steel railing and concrete curb. Underneath the bridge there are five concrete piers and two concrete abutments.
History
The current location of the Lea Park Bridge had long been used as a crossing point by early settlers due to its narrowness. Prior to the bridge being built the area was served by a ferry which was installed in 1908, which was originally just a scow, but was then updated to a cable ferry and finally adapted into a motor-powered ferry. By 1956 the total vehicle traffic on the bridge had grown to 22,287 vehicles; this along with the fact that the ferry closed during the spring and fall made the need for a bridge apparent to both locals and what was then known as the Alberta Department of Highways. Construction for the bridge started in May 1956 as a collaboration between the Department of Highways and Manczasz Construction. The construction involved the use of a crane and a cable car to transport materials. The opening ceremony of the bridge took place in 1958 and involved a parade featuring a marching band, cars used as parade floats and Mounties on horseback. By its completion, the bridge ended up costing $800,000 (upwards of $8,000,000 in today's money). Both the steel railing and the concrete curbs were replaced in 2011 and repairs on the bridge were done in 2013 and 2018. Over the years, the bridge has been the location of multiple accidents and a car chase.
See also
List of bridges in Canada
Sources
Bridges in Alberta
Bridges completed in 1958
1958 establishments in Alberta |
76502453 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1985%20Liberty%20Flames%20football%20team | 1985 Liberty Flames football team | The 1985 Liberty Flames football team represented Liberty University as an independent during the 1985 NCAA Division II football season. Led by second-year head coach Morgan Hout, the Flames compiled an overall record of 3–4–1.
The Flames' final two games of the season were canceled after their equipment was destroyed when their practice facility flooded during the 1985 Election Day floods.
Schedule
References
Liberty
Liberty Flames football seasons
Liberty Flames football |
76502459 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1992%20RCA%20Championships%20%E2%80%93%20Singles | 1992 RCA Championships – Singles | Pete Sampras was the defending champion and successfully defended his title, by defeating Jim Courier 6–4, 6–4 in the final.
Seeds
The top eight seeds received a bye to the second round.
Draw
Finals
Top half
Section 1
Section 2
Bottom half
Section 3
Section 4
References
External links
Official results archive (ATP)
Official results archive (ITF)
1992 Singles
RCA Championships,1992,Singles |
76502464 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hugh%20Smith%20%28physician%29 | Hugh Smith (physician) | Hugh Smith (died 26 December 1790) was an English medical writer.
Biography
Smith was son of a surgeon and apothecary. He was born at Hemel Hempstead in Hertfordshire. He studied medicine at Edinburgh University, and obtained the degree of M.D. on 22 April 1755. He at first practised in Essex, but came to London in 1759, and fixed his residence in Mincing Lane. In 1760 he commenced a course of lectures on the theory and practice of physic, which were numerously attended. These, together with the publication of ‘Essays on Circulation of the Blood, with Reflections on Blood-letting,’ 1761, gave him a wide reputation. In 1762 he was admitted a licentiate of the Royal College of Physicians. In 1765 he was elected physician to Middlesex Hospital, and in 1770 was chosen alderman of the Tower ward, a dignity which his professional duties compelled him to resign in 1772. About this time he removed to Blackfriars and devoted himself chiefly to consulting practice at home. He was accustomed to give two days of the week to the poor, from whom he would take no fee. He also assisted some of his patients pecuniarily. In 1780 he purchased a country residence at Streatham in Surrey. He died at Stratford in Essex on 26 December 1790, and was buried in the church of West Ham. Besides the work mentioned above, he wrote ‘Formulæ Medicamentorum,’ London, 1772, 12mo. He must be distinguished from
Hugh Smith (1736?–1789), possibly his son. The latter graduated M.D. at Leyden on 11 November 1755, and practised at Hatton Garden, London. He married the daughter of Archibald Maclean, a lady of fortune, who inherited Trevor Park, East Barnet. He died, aged 53, on 6 June 1789, and was buried in East Barnet church. He was author of:
‘The Family Physician,’ London, 1760, 4to; 5th edit. 1770.
‘Letters to Married Women,’ 3rd edit. London, 1774, 12mo; republished in France, Germany, and America.
‘A Treatise on the Use and Abuse of Mineral Waters,’ London, 1776, 8vo; 4th edit., 1780.
‘Philosophical Inquiries into the Laws of Animal Life,’ London, 1780, 4to.
‘An Essay on the Nerves,’ London, 1780, 8vo.
References
Year of birth missing
1790 deaths
18th-century English medical doctors
English medical writers
People from Hertfordshire
Alumni of the University of Edinburgh
Licentiates of the Royal College of Physicians |
76502476 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1824%20New%20Hampshire%20gubernatorial%20election | 1824 New Hampshire gubernatorial election | The 1824 New Hampshire gubernatorial election was held on 9 March 1824 in order to elect the Governor of New Hampshire.
Former Democratic-Republican United States Senator from New Hampshire David L. Morril defeated incumbent Democratic-Republican Governor Levi Woodbury and former Federalist Governor Jeremiah Smith. Since no candidate received a majority in the popular vote, Morril was elected by the New Hampshire General Court per the state constitution.
General election
On election day, 9 March 1824, Democratic-Republican candidate David L. Morril won the popular vote by a margin of 3,244 votes against his foremost opponent and incumbent Democratic-Republican Governor Levi Woodbury. But since no candidate received a majority of the popular vote, a separate election was held by the New Hampshire General Court, which chose Morril as the winner, thereby retaining Democratic-Republican control over the office of Governor. Morril was sworn in as the 10th Governor of New Hampshire on 2 June 1824.
Results
References
New Hampshire gubernatorial elections
1824 New Hampshire elections
1824 United States gubernatorial elections
March 1824 events
1824 in New Hampshire
1820s in New Hampshire
1820s New Hampshire elections
1824 elections
1824 elections in North America
1824 elections in the United States
United States gubernatorial elections in the 1820s
Government of New Hampshire |
76502522 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winchester%20Community%20Unit%20School%20District%201 | Winchester Community Unit School District 1 | Winchester Community Unit School District 1 is a school district in Winchester, Illinois. The district consists of two schools, Winchester Elementary School and Winchester High School. the district is responsible for educating 576 students ranging from Kindergarten to twelfth grade.
References
School districts in Illinois |
76502523 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024%20Men%27s%20International%20Festival%20of%20Hockey | 2024 Men's International Festival of Hockey | The 2024 Men's International Festival of Hockey is the upcoming third edition of the International Festival of Hockey. The tournament will take place in Perth, Australia, from 6 to 13 April 2024.
The national teams of Australia and India will compete in a five match test series.
Squads
The national squads were announced prior to the tournament:
Head Coach: Colin Batch
Lachlan Sharp
Corey Weyer
Jake Harvie
Thomas Wickham
Matthew Dawson
Nathan Ephraums
Johan Durst (GK)
Jacob Anderson
Joshua Beltz
Edward Ockenden (C)
Jacob Whetton
Blake Govers
Jayden Atkinson
Aran Zalewski (C)
Craig Marais
Ky Willott
Jack Welch
Flynn Ogilvie
Daniel Beale (C)
James Collins
Joel Rintala
Ashleigh Thomas (GK)
Timothy Brand
Andrew Charter (GK)
Jeremy Hayward (C)
Head Coach: Craig Fulton
Dilpreet Singh
Jarmanpreet Singh
Abhishek
Manpreet Singh
Hardik Singh
Gurjant Singh
Mandeep Singh
Krishan Pathak (GK)
Harmanpreet Singh (C)
Lalit Upadhyay
P. R. Sreejesh (GK)
Sumit Walmiki
Nilakanta Sharma
Shamsher Singh
Boby Singh Dhami
Amir Ali
Raj Kumar Pal
Akashdeep Singh
Amit Rohidas
Jugraj Singh
Vivek Sagar Prasad
Sukhjeet Singh
Mohammed Raheel
Vishnukant Singh
Sanjay
Suraj Karkera (GK)
Araijeet Singh Hundal
Officials
The following umpires were appointed by Hockey Australia and the FIH to officiate the tournament:
Benjamin de Young (AUS)
Daniel Johnston (AUS)
Jordan Moore (AUS)
Raghu Prasad (SGP)
Results
All times are local (AWST).
Standings
Fixtures
References
External links
Hockey Australia
men's
International Festival of Hockey
2024 in Australian men's sport
2024 in Indian men's sport
2024 Men's International Festival of Hockey |
76502532 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankfurt%20department%20store%20firebombings | Frankfurt department store firebombings | The Frankfurt department store firebombings on 2 April 1968 in Frankfurt am Main were politically motivated arsons, in which the later co-founders of the left wing extremist Red Army Faction, Andreas Baader and Gudrun Ensslin were involved. Together with Thorwald Proll and Horst Söhnlein they set three fires, in two department stores at night and were sentenced to three years in prison each. No people were injured; the damage in the Kaufhaus M. Schneider was calculated at 282.339 DM () and in the Kaufhof, 390.865 DM ().
Background
After Benno Ohnesorg was shot by police chief Karl-Heinz Kurras on 2 June 1967, in West-Berlin, part of the student movement became radicalized. Damage to property (“violence against property”) was discussed as a legitimate means of political protest.
On 22. May 1967, the À l’innovation department store burned in Brussels. Between 251 and 323 people died. This event inspired the Berlin Kommune 1 to produce leaflets in which, on the one hand, the human suffering was deplored, but it was also compared to the suffering of the people bombed with napalm during the Vietnam War.
Leaflet No. 7 “Why are you targeting consumers?”
[…] A burning department store with burning people conveyed, for the first time in a major European city, that crackling Vietnam feeling (of being there and burning along) that we have yet to miss in Berlin. […] As much as we sympathize with the pain of the bereaved in Brussels: we, who are open to the new, can, as long as the right measure is not exceeded, accept the bold and the unconventional, which, despite all the human tragedy, is in the Brussels department store fire , our admiration does not fail. […]
Commune I (May 24, 1967)”
A second leaflet with the same date was even more direct. The creators of the leaflets, previously known for egg throwing and pudding attacks, suggested, for example, that the population could also go to the department store and discreetly light a cigarette in the dressing room.
Leaflet No. 8 “When will the Berlin department stores burn?
[…] If there is a fire somewhere in the near future, if a barracks blows up somewhere, if the stands collapse in a stadium somewhere, please don’t be surprised. Just like when the Americans crossed the demarcation line, the bombing of the city center of Hanoi , and the Marines' invasion of China. Brussels gave us the only answer: Burn, warehouse, burn!
Commune I (May 24, 1967)“
Because of the leaflets, the Communards Rainer Langhans and Fritz Teufel were charged in the so-called “arson trial” but were acquitted.
The fires
Andreas Baader and Gudrun Ensslin met each other at the end of July 1967 through the extra-parliamentary opposition network in Berlin. On 7. August 1967 they jointly carried out a symbolic smoke bomb attack on the Kaiser Wilhelm Memorial Church.
Baader, Ensslin and Proll picked up Söhnlein on 1. April 1968 in Munich and arrived in Frankfurt am Main early in the morning of 2. April. They scouted department stores all day long. Shortly before the M. Schneider und Kaufhof stores on the Zeil closed, they set home-made incendiary devices with timed detonators that went off shortly before midnight. In the Kaufhof, part of the sporting goods and toy department burned, in Schneider's the wall of a changing room burned on the first floor, and a closet burned on the third floor. The damage caused by the incendiary devices was comparatively minor, but it triggered the sprinkler systems. Shortly before the incendiary devices were triggered, a woman called the Frankfurt office of the Deutschen Presse-Agentur and said:
„ There will soon be a fire at Schneider and in the Kaufhof. It is a political act.” <ref>Manfred Funke: Terrorism. Investigations into the strategy and structure of revolutionary violent politics. German Federal Agency for Civic Education 1977, ISBN 978-3-921352-24-3, S. 272 books.google. With (implausible) “act of revenge” instead of “act” in: The Baader-Meinhof Report. Documents, analyses, connections. From the files of the Federal Criminal Police Office, the “Bonn Special Commission” and the Federal Office for the Protection of the Constitution. Hase & Koehler 1972, ISBN 978-3-7758-0840-8, S. 10 books.google</ref>
Investigation and trial
The Frankfurt Kriminalpolizei quickly determined that arson had occurred because plastic bottles and travel alarm clocks were found at all three sources of the fire, the condition of which left no doubt as to the cause of the fire. As early as 3 April, the management of the department stores decided to offer a high reward. On the morning of 4 April, Frankfurt police received a firm tip that led to the arrest of the four arsonists in Bockenheim.
The trial began on 14 October 1968 at the Frankfurt am Main regional court and was turbulent. The defendants, who were defended by the lawyers Otto Schily, Horst Mahler, Klaus Eschen und Ernst Heinitz , initially behaved in a conspicuously good mood and mocked the judge and public prosecutor. A photo that became particularly well-known shows the four defendants in the dock, some of them with cigars in their mouths.
On October 29, 1968, the Frankfurt public prosecutor Walter Griebel demanded six years in prison for each of the defendants. The scope ranged from criminal damage to property to particularly serious arson. The prosecutor referred to the night watchmen present and insisted that human lives had been endangered. It was claimed the entire city centre of Frankfurt was at risk of burning.
The Grand Criminal Chamber, chaired by the regional court director Gerhard Zoebe, only partially followed this ruling in its judgment of October 31, 1968 and imposed sentences of three years in prison for attempted arson that endangered people (§ 306 StGB). The defendants perceived the verdict as arbitrary by the state, even though the presiding judge acknowledged that they had “a certain political motivation” in the reasons for the verdict. The interpretation of the “political happening” as a simple crime was particularly disappointing for them. When Gudrun Ensslin was asked for a final word, she replied: “No. I don't want to give you the opportunity to give the impression that you are listening to me."“
Commentary on the trial
“It is in order that order defends itself against disorder, that the prevailing order defends itself against attempts to abolish it; anyone who disrupts the prevailing order must expect that it will strike if it can. That's why it was pointless to set fire to someone else's property on 2 April 1968; nothing else could be demonstrated with it. […] There are laws whose violation is less dangerous and yet more politically effective.” Uwe Nettelbeck, in Die Zeit, 8. November 1968.
“It remains that what is being litigated in Frankfurt is a matter for which imitation - apart from the enormous danger to the perpetrators, because of the threat of severe punishment - cannot be recommended. But what Fritz Teufel said at the SDS delegate conference also remains: 'It is still better to set fire to a department store than to run a department store.' Fritz Teufel can sometimes formulate things really well.” Ulrike Meinhof in: konkret 14/1968.
Unsuccessful appeal against the verdicts and escape
The defendants' lawyers filed an appeal. On 13 June 1969 - around 14 months after the arrest - further execution of the pre-trial arrest warrants was suspended; the defendants were bailed. On 10 November, the appeals were rejected. Andreas Baader, Gudrun Ensslin and Thorwald Proll went into hiding and initially fled to Paris. Only Horst Söhnlein began his prison sentence.
Proll separated from Ensslin, and Baader in Paris in December 1969, and turned himself in to the Berlin-Moabit public prosecutor's office on 21 November 1970. He was released early from prison in October 1971. Andreas Baader and Gudrun Ensslin returned to Berlin in February 1970. Andreas Baader was arrested there on 4 April 1970, following a tip from an informant, but was freed at gunpoint by Ulrike Meinhof and others on 14 May 1970, during an planned escape from the Tegel Prison. This action is considered the birth of the Red Army Faction (RAF).
Film
The arson attacks were the inspiration for the 1969 TV film Brandstifter, produced for WDR by Klaus Lemke, with Margarethe von Trotta and Iris Berben as the leading actresses.
The department store fires are also shown in the films The Baader Meinhof Complex and If Not Us, Who? (Wer wenn nicht wir).
Bibliography
Andreas Baader, Gudrun Ensslin, Thorwald Proll, Horst Söhnlein: We do not defend ourselves from such a justice system. Final word in the department store fire trial. With an afterword by Bernward Vesper and a statement from SDS Berlin. Edition Voltaire, Frankfurt am Main und Berlin 1968. (series: Voltaire Flugschrift 27)
Statement by Andreas Baader, Gudrun Ensslin, Horst Söhnlein and Thorwald Proll, who were accused in the department store fire trial.. In: Charlie Kaputt Nr. 3, Dezember 1968, Berlin
Rainer Langhans, Fritz Teufel: Steal me. StPO of Kommune I. Edition Voltaire, Frankfurt am Main und Berlin 1968 (series: Voltaire Handbuch 2); Reprints (without the pornographic supplement): Trikont Verlag, München 1977; Rixdorfer Verlagsanstalt, Berlin o. J. [1982]
Bradley Martin: Blue Reality. Call for the dismantling of department store culture. Nova Press, Frankfurt am Main 1969
Thorwald Proll, Daniel Dubbe: „ We came from another planet”. About 1968, Andreas Baader and a department store. Edition Nautilus, Hamburg 2003, ISBN 3-89401-420-2.
Peter Szondi: Incitement to arson. An expert opinion in the Langhans/Teufel trial. In: Der Monat, Berlin, 19th year, issue 227, August 1967, pp. 24–29; expanded as a report on the “incitement to arson” - July 1967 / March 1968 in: Peter Szondi: About a “free (i.e. free) university”. Opinions of a philologist. Suhrkamp Verlag, Frankfurt am Main 1973 (series: es 620) pp. 34–54.
References
Weblinks
Presentation of the events at rafinfo.de (in German)
“We came from another planet, review by Michael Halfbrodt (in German)
1968
Red Army Faction
Contemporary German history
1968 in politics
History of Frankfurt
Trials in Germany |
76502535 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aziaha%20James | Aziaha James | Aziaha James is an American college basketball player for the NC State Wolfpack of the Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC).
High school career
James played basketball for Princess Anne High School in Virginia Beach, Virginia. As a junior, she repeated as the Daily Press All-Tidewater Player of the Year and was named Virginia High School League Class 5 Player of the Year. Four days after the death of her brother, James scored a career-high 41 points in a quarterfinal win at the Class 5 state tournament. She helped her team win the state title in each of her four seasons and its eighth straight as a senior. Rated a four-star recruit by ESPN, she committed to play college basketball for NC State.
College career
As a freshman at NC State, James averaged 4.2 points per game and was named to the Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC) All-Freshman Team. In her sophomore season, she averaged 6.8 points and 2.3 assists per game, primarily coming of the bench. As a junior, James entered a leading role and was named first-team All-ACC. She helped NC State reach the Final Four of the 2024 NCAA tournament, its first appearance since 1998, and earned most outstanding player honors for the Portland 4 Regional.
Personal life
James' older brother, Ashley "AJ" James, committed to play college basketball for Missouri State but died in an accidental shooting in 2020, before entering college.
References
External links
NC State Wolfpack bio
Living people
American women's basketball players
Basketball players from Virginia
Sportspeople from Virginia Beach, Virginia
Princess Anne High School alumni
NC State Wolfpack women's basketball players
Guards (basketball) |
76502542 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1825%20New%20Hampshire%20gubernatorial%20election | 1825 New Hampshire gubernatorial election | The 1825 New Hampshire gubernatorial election was held on 8 March 1825 in order to elect the Governor of New Hampshire.
Incumbent Democratic-Republican Governor David L. Morril won re-election as he ran unopposed.
General election
On election day, 8 March 1825, incumbent Democratic-Republican Governor David L. Morril won re-election as he ran unopposed, thereby retaining Democratic-Republican control over the office of Governor. Morril was sworn in for his second term on 7 June 1825.
Results
References
1825 New Hampshire elections
New Hampshire gubernatorial elections
1825 United States gubernatorial elections
March 1825 events
1825 in New Hampshire
1820s in New Hampshire
1820s New Hampshire elections
1825 elections
1825 elections in North America
1825 elections in the United States
United States gubernatorial elections in the 1820s
Government of New Hampshire |
76502549 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990%20Breyers%20Tennis%20Classic%20%E2%80%93%20Singles | 1990 Breyers Tennis Classic – Singles | Amy Frazier was the defending champion, but lost in the quarterfinals to Susan Sloane.
Dianne Van Rensburg won the title by defeating Nathalie Tauziat 2–6, 7–5, 6–2 in the final.
Seeds
Draw
Finals
Top half
Bottom half
References
External links
Official results archive (ITF)
Official results archive (WTA)
Virginia Slims of Kansas
1990 WTA Tour
Sports competitions in Wichita, Kansas
Tennis in Kansas
1990 in sports in Kansas |
76502551 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tomb%20of%20Soong%20Ching-ling | Tomb of Soong Ching-ling | The tomb of Soong Ching-ling is the mausoleum of Soong Ching-ling, the last wife of the founding father of the Republic of China, Sun Yat-sen, and the honorary chairman of the People's Republic of China. It is located next to the tomb of Soong Ching-ling's parents in the Soong Ching-ling Mausoleum (formerly the International Cemetery) in Changning district, Shanghai. The tomb of Soong Ching-ling was completed in 1981 and was declared a national major cultural relic protection unit by the State Council on February 23, 1982.
History
Soong Ching-ling (January 27, 1893 - May 29, 1981) was the wife of Sun Yat-sen, the founding father of the Republic of China, honorary chairman of the People's Republic of China, vice chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress of the People's Republic of China, and chairman of the China Welfare Institute. She was born in Chuansha County, Songjiang Prefecture, Jiangsu Province (now Chuansha New Town, Pudong New Area, Shanghai).
On May 29, 1981, Soong Ching-ling passed away in Beijing. The government of the People's Republic of China organized a funeral committee to hold a state funeral for Soong Ching-ling and, following her will, buried her ashes in the Soong family grave in the Shanghai International Cemetery on the morning of June 4. Deng Yingchao, Wulanhu, Liao Chengzhi, Chen Muhua, and others escorted the remains from Beijing to Shanghai. Friends of Soong Ching-ling, consuls general of various countries in Shanghai, and major leaders of Shanghai attended the funeral.
After the funeral, the Shanghai Municipal People's Government, in accordance with the opinions of various sectors of society, partially renovated the Soong family cemetery in the International Cemetery, which was renamed the "Soong Ching-ling Mausoleum of the People's Republic of China" in 1984. On February 23, 1982, the State Council of the People's Republic of China announced the tomb of Soong Ching-ling as a national major cultural relic protection unit. In May 1986, a memorial stele commemorating Soong Ching-ling was erected in the Soong Ching-ling Mausoleum, with an inscription by Deng Xiaoping.
Structure
Soong Ching-ling's tomb is located in the central north part of the Soong Ching-ling Memorial Park, on the east side of her parents' tomb. It covers an area of 263 square meters. The tombstone is made of lying granite, measuring 120 centimeters long and 60 centimeters wide. It is engraved with the words "The tomb of Comrade Soong Ching-ling, Honorary Chairman of the People's Republic of China, born in 1893 and died in 1981, erected on June 4, 1981". The font used is Liuyan.
At the south end of the tomb is a memorial square covering an area of 2880 square meters, capable of accommodating over 1000 people simultaneously. In the center north of the memorial square stands a Han white marble statue of Soong Ching-ling, 2.52 meters tall, mounted on a polished granite veneer base 1.1 meters high. Behind the tomb is a small hill planted with evergreen trees such as Chinese juniper, dragon juniper, and spruce. Surrounding the tomb are flowers loved by Soong Ching-ling during her lifetime, including lilacs, magnolias, crape myrtles, and azaleas.
In the center of the cemetery avenue stands the Soong Ching-ling monument, 3.3 meters high and 5 meters wide. On the front, Deng Xiaoping's inscription reads: "Comrade Soong Ching-ling, the great warrior of patriotism, democracy, internationalism, and communism, will be immortalized forever". On the back is an inscription in regular script with over 3300 characters in gold leaf, recording Soong Ching-ling's life and achievements.
Commemoration
After Soong Ching-ling's passing, people from home and abroad visit Soong Ching-ling's tomb to commemorate her on her death anniversary and birthday. Relevant seminars are also held in the Soong Ching-ling Memorial Park. Additionally, local universities in Shanghai organize students to visit Soong Ching-ling's tomb for tomb-sweeping and other memorial activities around the Qingming Festival. Schools like Changning district Jianqing Experimental School organize students for "summer practice activities", during which students visit Soong Ching-ling's tomb. In December 2002, the management of the Soong Ching-ling Memorial Park carried out major renovations, including Soong Ching-ling's tomb, which were completed before the Qingming Festival in 2003.
See also
Soong Ching-ling Memorial Residence (Shanghai)
Tomb of Xu Guangqi
Tomb of Lu Xun
Notes
References
Soong Ching-ling
Major National Historical and Cultural Sites in Shanghai
Cemeteries in Shanghai |
76502564 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeke%20Mayo | Zeke Mayo | Zeke Mayo is an American college basketball player who last played for the South Dakota State Jackrabbits.
High school career
Mayo attended Lawrence High School in Lawrence, Kansas. As a senior, he averaged 21.2 points and 6.8 rebounds per game. He was named the co-recipient of the DiRenna Award as the top player in the Kansas City area before committing to play college basketball at South Dakota State University.
College career
As a freshman, Mayo made an immediate impact, starting in 21 games and averaging 9.6 points per game. Following the departures of Baylor Scheierman and Douglas Wilson, Mayo emerged as the team's leading scorer. As a junior, he was named Summit League Player of the Year. He finished the season averaging 18.8 points, 5.7 rebounds, and 3.5 assists per game before entering the transfer portal.
Career statistics
College
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| 2021–22
| style="text-align:left;"| South Dakota State
|| 35 || 21 || 27.1 || .467 || .415 || .933 || 2.9 || 2.1 || .8 || .0 || 9.6
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| 2022–23
| style="text-align:left;"| South Dakota State
|| 32 || 32 || 35.7 || .426 || .369 || .904 || 6.2 || 3.4 || 1.0 || .2 || 18.2
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| 2023–24
| style="text-align:left;"| South Dakota State
|| 35 || 34 || 35.9 || .466 || .391 || .828 || 5.7 || 3.5 || 1.1 || .2 || 18.8
References
External links
South Dakota State Jackrabbits bio
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
American men's basketball players
Basketball players from Kansas
Point guards
South Dakota State Jackrabbits men's basketball players
Sportspeople from Lawrence, Kansas |
76502578 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthony%20White%20%28surgeon%29 | Anthony White (surgeon) | Anthony White (1782 – 9 March 1849) was an English surgeon.
Biography
White was born in 1782 at Norton in Durham, a member of a family long resident in the county, was educated at Witton-le-Wear, and afterwards at Cambridge, where he graduated bachelor of medicine from Emmanuel College in 1804, having been admitted a pensioner on 18 May 1799. He was apprenticed to Sir Anthony Carlisle, and was admitted a member of the Royal College of Surgeons of England on 2 September 1803. He was elected an assistant-surgeon to the Westminster Hospital on 24 July 1806, surgeon on 24 April 1823, and consulting surgeon on 23 December 1846. At the College of Surgeons he was elected a member of the council on 6 September 1827, and two years later, 10 September 1829, he was appointed a member of the court of examiners in succession to William Wadd. In 1831 he delivered the Hunterian oration (unpublished), and he became vice-president in 1832 and again in 1840, serving the office of president in 1834 and 1842. He also filled the office of surgeon to the Royal Society of Musicians.
White suffered severely from gout in his later years, and died at his house in Parliament Street on 9 March 1849. As a surgeon he is remarkable because he was the first to excise the head of the femur for disease of the hip-joint, a proceeding then considered to be so heroic that Sir Anthony Carlisle and Sir William Blizard threatened to report him to the College of Surgeons. He performed the operation with complete success, and sent the patient to call upon his opponents. His besetting sin was unpunctuality, and he often entirely forgot his appointments, yet he early acquired a large and lucrative practice.
White published:
‘Treatise on the Plague,’ &c., London, 1846, 8vo.
‘An Enquiry into the Proximate Cause of Gout, and its Rational Treatment,’ London, 1848, 8vo; 2nd edit. 1848; American edit. New York, 1852, 8vo.
A three-quarter-length portrait in oils by Thomas Francis Dicksee, engraved by William Walker, was published on 20 August 1852. A likeness by Simpson is in the board-room of the Westminster Hospital.
References
1782 births
1849 deaths
19th-century English medical doctors
19th-century surgeons
English surgeons
Members of the Royal College of Surgeons of England
Alumni of Emmanuel College, Cambridge |
76502581 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024%20FIVB%20Volleyball%20Boys%27%20U17%20World%20Championship | 2024 FIVB Volleyball Boys' U17 World Championship | The 2024 FIVB Volleyball Boys' U17 World Championship will be the 1st edition of the FIVB Volleyball Boys' U17 World Championship, the biennial international youth volleyball championship contested by the men's national teams under the age of 17 of the members associations of the (FIVB), the sport's global governing body. It will be held in Bulgaria from 24 to 31 August 2024.
The FIVB U17 World Championship for both genders was initially proposed by the FIVB Volleyball Council in March 2022, and later approved by the FIVB Board of Administration.
Host selection
On 8 November 2023, FIVB opened the bidding process for member associations whose countries were interested in hosting the Girls' and Boys' U17 World Championships planned to take place between 1 and 31 August 2024. The expression of interest of the member associations had to be submitted to FIVB no later than 18:00 CET (UTC+1) on 8 December 2023.
FIVB announced the hosts for both Girls' and Boys' U17 World Championships on 28 February 2024, with Bulgaria being selected to host the inaugural edition of the Boys' U17 World Championship. This will be the second FIVB Age Group World Championship hosted by Bulgaria after the 2021 FIVB Men's U21 World Championship which was co-hosted with Italy. Bulgaria also hosted both the Men's and Women's FIVB World Championships in 1970 and most recently the 2018 FIVB Men's World Championship (also co-hosted with Italy).
Qualification
The qualification process was announced on 28 March 2023 with a total of 16 national teams to qualify for the final tournament. In addition to Bulgaria who qualified automatically as the host, 15 other teams qualified through five separate continental championships which were required to be held by 31 December 2023 at the latest.
The slot allocation per confederation was setted as follow:
AVC (Asia & Oceania): 3
CAVB (Africa): 3
CEV (Europe): 3
CSV (South America): 3
NORCECA (North, Central America and Caribbean): 3
Host: 1
Preliminary round
Pool A
Pool B
Pool C
Pool D
Final round
Main path bracket
Eight-finals
9th–16th places
9th–16th quarter-finals
13th–16th semi-finals
9th–12th semi-finals
15th place match
13th place match
11th place match
9th place match
1st–8th places
Quarter-finals
5th–8th semi-finals
Semi-finals
7th place match
5th place match
3rd place match
Final
References
FIVB Volleyball Boys' U17 World Championship
International volleyball competitions hosted by Bulgaria |
76502589 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990%20Virginia%20Slims%20of%20Washington%20%E2%80%93%20Singles | 1990 Virginia Slims of Washington – Singles | Steffi Graf was the defending champion, but did not compete this year.
Martina Navratilova won the title by defeating Zina Garrison 6–1, 6–0 in the final.
Seeds
The top four seeds received a bye to the second round.
Draw
Finals
Top half
Bottom half
References
External links
Official results archive (ITF)
Official results archive (WTA)
Virginia Slims of Washington
1990 WTA Tour |
76502597 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1826%20New%20Hampshire%20gubernatorial%20election | 1826 New Hampshire gubernatorial election | The 1826 New Hampshire gubernatorial election was held on 14 March 1826 in order to elect the Governor of New Hampshire.
Incumbent Democratic-Republican Governor David L. Morril defeated former Democratic-Republican member of the New Hampshire House of Representatives Benjamin Pierce.
General election
On election day, 14 March 1826, incumbent Democratic-Republican Governor David L. Morril won re-election by a margin of 5,291 votes against his opponent Democratic-Republican candidate Benjamin Pierce, thereby retaining Democratic-Republican control over the office of Governor. Morril was sworn in for his third term on 7 June 1826.
Results
References
New Hampshire gubernatorial elections
1826 United States gubernatorial elections
March 1826 events
1826 in New Hampshire
1820s in New Hampshire
1820s New Hampshire elections
1826 elections
1826 elections in North America
1826 elections in the United States
United States gubernatorial elections in the 1820s
Government of New Hampshire
Franklin Pierce family |
76502601 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stan%20Adkins | Stan Adkins | Stanley John Adkins (2 June 1922 - 2 January 1992) was an English international rugby union player.
Born and raised in Coventry, Warwickshire, Adkins began playing rugby while attending Stoke School. He served in the Coldstream Guards during the war and played rugby for Combined Services.
Adkins, known as "Akker", was primarily a second-row forward and made over 300 appearances for Coventry, while also representing Warwickshire. He was capped three times by England in the 1950 Five Nations and gained a further four caps in the 1953 Five Nations, which England won while remaining undefeated.
A publican by profession, Adkins operated several Coventry pubs with his wife Jean.
See also
List of England national rugby union players
References
External links
Stan Adkins at England Rugby
1922 births
1992 deaths
English rugby union players
England international rugby union players
Rugby union locks
Rugby union players from Coventry
Coventry R.F.C. players
Combined Services rugby union players
Warwickshire County RFU players
British Army personnel of World War II
Coldstream Guards soldiers |
76502603 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exo-cell | Exo-cell | Exo-cell may be a misspelling of:
Exa-cell, exagamglogene autotemcel
Exocell, an organism in the video game Cold Fear |
76502605 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winston%20Register | Winston Register | Winston Monroe Register (August 21, 1935 – March 28, 2024) was an American politician. He served as a Republican member of the North Dakota House of Representatives.
Life and career
Register was born in Bismarck, North Dakota. He served in the North Dakota House of Representatives from 1969 to 1970. Register died in Bradenton, Florida, on March 28, 2024, at the age of 88.
References
1935 births
2024 deaths
Politicians from Bismarck, North Dakota
Republican Party members of the North Dakota House of Representatives
20th-century American politicians |
76502614 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultimate%20Creedence%20Clearwater%20Revival%3A%20Greatest%20Hits%20%26%20All-Time%20Classics | Ultimate Creedence Clearwater Revival: Greatest Hits & All-Time Classics | Ultimate Creedence Clearwater Revival: Greatest Hits & All-Time Classics is a three-disc greatest hits album by the American roots rock band Creedence Clearwater Revival, released in 2012 by Fantasy Records and Concord Music Group.
The first two discs contain the studio recordings of many of the band's most well-known songs, such as "Fortunate Son", "Down on the Corner", "Run Through the Jungle" and "Green River", while the third disc consists entirely of live performances, mostly from 1971 concerts in Europe.
Reception
Stephen Thomas Erlewine of AllMusic mostly praised the collection, but felt the third disc of live recordings was "extraneous" and "nothing to return to frequently". AllMusic gave the collection 4 out of 5 stars.
Track listing
All tracks written by John Fogerty unless otherwise stated
Disc 1
"Proud Mary" – 3:08
"Born on the Bayou" – 5:16
"Bad Moon Rising" – 2:21
"Good Golly, Miss Molly" (John Marascalco, Robert "Bumps" Blackwell) – 2:42
"Up Around the Bend" – 2:42
"Suzie-Q" (Dale Hawkins, Stan Lewis, Eleanor Broadwater) – 8:37
"Fortunate Son" – 2:19
"The Midnight Special" (Traditional) – 4:13
"Who'll Stop the Rain?" – 2:28
"Run Through the Jungle" – 3:05
"Hey Tonight" – 2:43
"Wrote a Song for Everyone" – 4:55
"Sweet Hitch-Hiker" – 2:59
"Before You Accuse Me" (Bo Diddley) – 3:27
"Commotion" – 2:44
"My Baby Left Me" (Arthur "Big Boy" Crudup) – 2:19
"Bootleg" – 3:02
"Pagan Baby" – 6:24
"(Wish I Could) Hideaway" – 3:43
"Cotton Fields" (Lead Belly) – 2:56
Disc 2
"Travelin' Band" – 2:08
"Don't Look Now (It Ain't You or Me)" – 2:10
"Down on the Corner" – 2:46
"It Came Out of the Sky" – 2:33
"Lookin' Out My Back Door" – 2:33
"Born to Move" – 5:41
"Green River" – 2:34
"I Put a Spell On You" (Screamin' Jay Hawkins, Herb Slotkin) – 4:32
"Have You Ever Seen the Rain?" – 2:40
"Molina" – 2:44
"Long As I Can See the Light" – 3:31
"Hello Mary Lou" (Gene Pitney, Cayet Mangiaracina) – 2:13
"Tombstone Shadow" – 3:39
"Lodi" – 3:13
"Walking on the Water" – 4:39
"Night Time Is the Right Time" (Nappy Brown) – 3:08
"Someday Never Comes" – 3:59
"Porterville" – 2:22
"Lookin' for a Reason" – 3:25
"I Heard It Through the Grapevine" (Norman Whitfield, Barrett Strong) – 11:03
Disc 3 (live disc)
"Travelin' Band" (live in Oakland; January 31, 1970) – 2:07
"Proud Mary" (live in Stockholm; September 21, 1971) – 2:50
"Born on the Bayou" (live in London; September 28, 1971) – 4:46
"Bad Moon Rising" (live in Berlin; September 16, 1971) – 2:06
"Fortunate Son" (live in Manchester; September 1, 1971) – 2:13
"Hey Tonight" (live in Hamburg; September 17, 1971) – 2:30
"Up Around the Bend" (live in Amsterdam; September 10, 1971) – 2:42
"Lodi" (live in Hamburg; September 17, 1971) – 3:20
"Down on the Corner" (live in Oakland; January 31, 1970) – 2:45
"Who'll Stop the Rain?" (live in Oakland; January 31, 1970) – 2:27
"Suzie-Q" (Dale Hawkins, Stan Lewis, Eleanor Broadwater) (live in San Francisco; March 14, 1969) – 11:46
"Keep On Chooglin'" (live in Oakland; January 31, 1970) – 9:12
Personnel
John Fogerty – lead guitar, vocals, tambourine, harmonica, horns, Hammond B3 organ
Tom Fogerty – rhythm guitar, background vocals
Stu Cook – bass guitar, background vocals
Doug Clifford – drums, background vocals
Charts
References
Creedence Clearwater Revival compilation albums
2012 greatest hits albums
Fantasy Records compilation albums
Swamp rock albums
Country rock compilation albums |
76502616 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NGC%201616 | NGC 1616 | NGC 1616 is an intermediate spiral galaxy located around 213 million light-years away in the constellation Caelum. NGC 1616 was discovered on October 24th, 1835 by the astronomer John Herschel, and its diameter is 116,000 light-years across. NGC 1616 is not know to have much star-formation, and it is not known to have an active galactic nucleus.
References
External links
Intermediate spiral galaxies
Caelum
NGC objects
15479
251-10
15479
-07-10-013
Astronomical objects discovered in 1835
Discoveries by John Herschel |
76502629 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Results%20of%20the%202008%20Queensland%20local%20elections | Results of the 2008 Queensland local elections | This is a list of local government area results for the 2008 Queensland local elections.
Brisbane
Bracken Ridge
Central
Chandler
Northgate
Parkinson
The Gabba
Walter Taylor
Townsville
References
Results of Queensland elections |
76502632 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1986%20Liberty%20Flames%20football%20team | 1986 Liberty Flames football team | The 1986 Liberty Flames football team represented Liberty University as an independent during the 1986 NCAA Division II football season. Led by third-year head coach Morgan Hout, the Flames compiled an overall record of 1–9.
Schedule
References
Liberty
Liberty Flames football seasons
Liberty Flames football |
76502649 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990%20Geneva%20European%20Open%20%E2%80%93%20Singles | 1990 Geneva European Open – Singles | Manuela Maleeva-Fragnière was the defending champion, but lost in the second round to Sabine Hack.
Barbara Paulus won the title by defeating Helen Kelesi 2–6, 7–5, 7–6(7–3) in the final.
Seeds
Draw
Finals
Top half
Bottom half
References
External links
Official results archive (ITF)
Official results archive (WTA)
WTA Swiss Open
Geneva European Open - Singles |
76502652 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atat%C3%BCrk%20Mahallesi%20%28Istanbul%20Metro%29 | Atatürk Mahallesi (Istanbul Metro) | Atatürk Mahallesi is an underground station on the M9 line of the Istanbul Metro. It is located under Öztürk Street in the Atatürk neighbourhood of Küçükçekmece. It was opened on 18 March 2024, with the extension of M9 from to .
The station was originally designed to be a single station complex with the future M7 line station. When the M7 line extension was revised in 2021, it was decided that the connection between the stations would be abandoned and that the M7 station would be built with the shaft type. Another revision was made in 2023, which meant that this decision was abandoned and it was decided to build the M7 station in a tunnel type and connect it to the M9 station via a pedestrian underpass of approximately 130 meters.
Station layout
Operation information
The line operates between 06.00 - 00.00 and train frequency is 9 minutes. The line has no night service.
References
Istanbul metro stations
Küçükçekmece
Railway stations in Turkey opened in 2024 |
76502671 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teau%20de%20Chaillot | Château de Chaillot | The Château de Chaillot, , or is an ancient château located near the site of the present-day Palais de Chaillot in Paris. It was purchased in 1651 by the nuns of the Visitation de Chaillot and was destroyed in 1794.
The manor house
In the Middle Ages, the former manor house of Chaillot, on the corner of rue de Chaillot and avenue Marceau, belonged to the Arrode family of Parisian bourgeoisie.
Nicolas Arrode, provost of Paris in 1217, gave his name to an old Parisian street, part of today's rue Montorgueil. This manor house was marked by a square tower, shown on Saint-Victor's 1552 map of Paris. This tower, absent from depictions of Chaillot in the following century, seems to have disappeared thereafter. Next to the church of Saint-Pierre, this plan shows an otherwise unidentified château. This manor house is different from the one on the Chaillot Hill, roughly where the Palais de Chaillot stands today, which belonged to the nuns of the Visitation de Sainte-Marie in the 17th century along with the fiefdom of Chaillot.
The château on Chaillot Hill
In 1542, Hippolyte d'Este (Cardinal d'Este and Archbishop of Lyon) bought a building on the Chaillot Hill.
In 1583, Queen Catherine de Médicis bought this mansion or hermitage and the part of the estate of the convent of the Minimes de Chaillot located in the present-day gardens of the Trocadéro, extending to the northeast opposite the present-day Palais d'Iéna on rue Albert-de-Mun and the southwest between the present-day rue Le Tasse and avenue Albert-Ier-de-Monaco. The queen had a château built there, called "Catherinemont".
The ancient architect Étienne Dupérac was commissioned to design a U-shaped château with terraced gardens and a courtyard in the shape of a racecourse.
However, the sovereign's enjoyment of the château was short-lived, as she died in 1589.
Henri de Navarre moved in during the siege of Paris in the summer of 1590.
Like Marie de Médicis, Henri IV decided not to complete the work after the promulgation of the Edict of Nantes and the restoration of peace.
The property was acquired by Diane de Corisande, Countess de Guiche et de Gramont, a former mistress of Henri IV, and then in 1613 by President Jeannin, who made alterations.
Richelieu moved in in 1629 during Louis XIII's stay at the Château de Madrid, across the Bois de Boulogne.
In 1630, Georges-Africain de Bassompierre bought it from Pierre Jeannin's daughter, leaving the usufruct to his brother, the Maréchal de Bassompierre, who embellished it. For his part in the conspiracy of Dupes Day, the Marshal was imprisoned in the Bastille from 1631 to 1643. During his imprisonment, the palace was requisitioned as a residence for the king's niece, the Duchesse de Nemours, and then again for Richelieu.
The Visitandines convent
When Maréchal de Bassompierre died in 1646, his penniless heirs decided to sell the estate. Henriette de France, the third daughter of Henri IV and widow of the executed King Charles I of England, a refugee in France since 1644 who wanted to live in a convent, chose Chaillot for the nuns of the Order of the Visitation, who bought the château, which the Bassompierres had bought for 80,000 livres, at auction on May 12, 1651, for 67,000 livres. Between 1687 and 1707, the nuns added a church. The buildings were destroyed by the explosion of the Grenelle gunpowder factory in 1794 after the nuns had left. To prepare the project palace of the King of Rome, the last remains were demolished in 1811.
Buildings and outbuildings
According to a lawsuit filed in 1648 by the nephews of the Maréchal de Bassompierre, the property included three large courtyards, large buildings with several halls, kitchens, bedrooms, closets, two galleries, a chapel, stables, a gardener's house, and two pavilions. The whole complex stood on a walled estate of 30 arpents (about 15 hectares), including a park with staircases, ponds, fountains, forests, and a vegetable garden.
Its boundaries were:
The Seine, the Minimes convent to the south.
The road from Chaillot to Saint-Cloud to the west.
A plot of land in the village of Chaillot to the north, i.e. the gardens and the Place du Trocadéro. A reservoir, filled by a pump drawing water from the Seine, fed the fountains in the gardens and the château.
Notes
References
See also
Bibliography
Châteaux in Paris
Former buildings and structures in Paris
16th arrondissement of Paris
Châteaux in France |
76502675 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nasir%20Butt | Nasir Butt | Nasir Mehmood Butt (), is a Pakistani politician who is member-elect for the Senate of Pakistan from Punjab.
Political career
Butt was elected unopposed from Punjab province during 2024 Pakistani Senate election as a Pakistan Muslim League (N) candidate.
References
Living people
Pakistan Muslim League (N) politicians
Politicians from Punjab, Pakistan
Year of birth missing (living people) |
76502694 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington%20Secondary | Washington Secondary | The Washington Secondary is a freight-only railway line in the state of New Jersey. It runs from Phillipsburg, New Jersey, to Hackettstown, New Jersey. It forms a connection between the Lehigh Line and Morristown Line.
History
The modern Washington Secondary incorporates the western end of the former main line of the Morris and Essex Railroad. The Morris and Essex Railroad was incorporated in 1835, and began operating between Newark and Morristown in 1838. The line reached Hackettstown in 1854. The extension from Hackettstown to Phillipsburg opened in 1866. The Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Railroad leased the Morris and Essex on January 1, 1869.
Under the Lackawanna, the section between Hackettstown and Washington was incorporated into the main line between Hoboken, New Jersey, and Buffalo, New York, while the western part between Washington and Phillipsburg was known as the Phillipsburg branch. The Lackawanna completed the Lackawanna Cut-Off in 1911, bypassing the original main line in New Jersey and shortening the route between Port Morris Junction and Slateford Junction by . The superseded line became known as the Lackawanna Old Road.
The Lackawanna and the Erie Railroad merged in 1960 to become the Erie Lackawanna Railroad (later the Erie Lackawanna Railway). Both lines were conveyed to Conrail in 1976 on the bankruptcy of the Erie Lackawanna; the line east of Washington was known as the Washington Line at this time. In 1994, NJ Transit extended Boonton Line service from to . NJ Transit leased that portion of the Washington Secondary from Conrail at that time. When Conrail was split between CSX Transportation and the Norfolk Southern Railway in 1999, the Washington Secondary was conveyed to Norfolk Southern. NJ Transit acquired the Hackettstown–Netcong segment from Norfolk Southern in 2023, truncating the Washington Secondary to Phillipsburg–Hackettstown.
Notes
References
Rail infrastructure in New Jersey
Railway lines opened in 1866
Norfolk Southern Railway lines |
76502695 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alenga%20Charles | Alenga Charles | Msunguchi Alenga Charles (born May 7, 2003) is a Tanzanian professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for MLS Next Pro club Carolina Core FC.
Charles joined Carolina Core for their inaugural season, making him the first Tanzanian to ever play for the club. The scouts for Carolina believed Charles had great versatility and skills.
Club career
Early career
Charles was considered a promising talent while at FC Congo AZ, a soccer team in Arizona which prioritizes and empowers Congolese American roots in Arizona. Charles also played at FC Arizona in the National Premier Soccer League the season before joining Carolina Core.
Carolina Core
After spending the 2023 season with FC Conga AZ and FC Arizona, Alenga Charles joined MLS Next Pro team Carolina Core FC for their inaugural season.
References
2003 births
Living people |
76502718 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halkal%C4%B1%20Caddesi%20%28Istanbul%20Metro%29 | Halkalı Caddesi (Istanbul Metro) | Halkalı Caddesi is an underground station on the M9 line of the Istanbul Metro. It is located under Halkalı Street in the Atatürk neighbourhood of Küçükçekmece. It was opened on 18 March 2024, with the extension of M9 from to .
Station layout
Operation information
The line operates between 06.00 - 00.00 and train frequency is 9 minutes. The line has no night service.
References
Istanbul metro stations
Küçükçekmece
Railway stations in Turkey opened in 2024 |
76502724 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990%20BMW%20European%20Indoors%20%E2%80%93%20Singles | 1990 BMW European Indoors – Singles | Steffi Graf successfully defended her title, by defeating Gabriela Sabatini 6–3, 6–2 in the final.
Seeds
Draw
Finals
Top half
Bottom half
References
External links
Official results archive (ITF)
Official results archive (WTA)
European Indoors - Singles
1990 Singles
1990 in Swiss tennis
1990 in Swiss women's sport |
Subsets and Splits