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Comparing two .txt files using difflib in Python
compare contents at filehandles `file1` and `file2` using difflib
difflib.SequenceMatcher(None, file1.read(), file2.read())
33,065,588
How to execute a command in the terminal from a Python script?
execute a command `command ` in the terminal from a python script
os.system(command)
4,484,690
How to filter a dictionary in Python?
Filter a dictionary `d` to remove keys with value None and replace other values with 'updated'
dict((k, 'updated') for k, v in d.items() if v is None)
9,573,244
check if the string is empty
check if string `my_string` is empty
if some_string: pass
663,171
substring a string
select a substring of `s` beginning at `beginning` of length `LENGTH`
s = s[beginning:(beginning + LENGTH)]
25,040,875
Get a list of values from a list of dictionaries in python
get a list of values with key 'key' from a list of dictionaries `l`
[d['key'] for d in l if 'key' in d]
7,270,321
Finding the index of elements based on a condition using python list comprehension
Get all indexes of a list `a` where each value is greater than `2`
[i for i in range(len(a)) if a[i] > 2]
974,678
How to create single Python dict from a list of dicts by summing values with common keys?
create a flat dictionary by summing values associated with similar keys in each dictionary of list `dictlist`
dict((key, sum(d[key] for d in dictList)) for key in dictList[0])
14,961,014
Removing items from unnamed lists in Python
Remove the string value `item` from a list of strings `my_sequence`
[item for item in my_sequence if item != 'item']
38,379,453
How to read only part of a list of strings in python
get a list of substrings consisting of the first 5 characters of every string in list `buckets`
[s[:5] for s in buckets]
42,098,487
How to split 1D array into 2D array in NumPy by splitting the array at the last element?
split 1d array `a` into 2d array at the last element
np.split(a, [-1])
940,822
Regular expression syntax for "match nothing"?
regular expression match nothing
re.compile('$^')
20,025,882
Append string to the start of each value in a said column of a pandas dataframe (elegantly)
append string 'str' at the beginning of each value in column 'col' of dataframe `df`
df['col'] = 'str' + df['col'].astype(str)
14,295,673
Convert string into datetime.time object
Convert string '03:55' into datetime.time object
datetime.datetime.strptime('03:55', '%H:%M').time()
20,375,561
Joining pandas dataframes by column names
Join pandas data frame `frame_1` and `frame_2` with left join by `county_ID` and right join by `countyid`
pd.merge(frame_1, frame_2, left_on='county_ID', right_on='countyid')
10,543,303
number of values in a list greater than a certain number
get the number of values in list `j` that is greater than 5
sum(((i > 5) for i in j))
17,071,871
Select rows from a DataFrame based on values in a column in pandas
Select rows whose value of the "B" column is "one" or "three" in the DataFrame `df`
print(df.loc[df['B'].isin(['one', 'three'])])
319,426
case insensitive string comparison
case insensitive comparison of strings `string1` and `string2`
if (string1.lower() == string2.lower()): print('The strings are the same (case insensitive)') else: print('The strings are not the same (case insensitive)')
2,231,663
Slicing a list into a list of sub-lists
null
[input[i:i + n] for i in range(0, len(input), n)]
18,071,222
Working with set_index in Pandas DataFrame
set columns `['race_date', 'track_code', 'race_number']` as indexes in dataframe `rdata`
rdata.set_index(['race_date', 'track_code', 'race_number'])
5,826,427
Can a python script execute a function inside a bash script?
null
subprocess.Popen(['bash', '-c', '. foo.sh; go'])
14,661,701
How to drop a list of rows from Pandas dataframe?
drop rows whose index value in list `[1, 3]` in dataframe `df`
df.drop(df.index[[1, 3]], inplace=True)
8,936,030
Using BeautifulSoup to search html for string
BeautifulSoup find string 'Python Jobs' in HTML body `body`
soup.body.findAll(text='Python Jobs')
21,684,346
How to display a pdf that has been downloaded in python
display a pdf file that has been downloaded as `my_pdf.pdf`
webbrowser.open('file:///my_pdf.pdf')
17,952,279
Logarithmic y-axis bins in python
plot a data logarithmically in y axis
plt.yscale('log', nonposy='clip')
10,973,614
Convert JSON array to Python list
Convert JSON array `array` to Python object
data = json.loads(array)
761,804
Trimming a string
Trimming a string " Hello "
' Hello '.strip()
27,175,400
How to find the index of a value in 2d array in Python?
find all the indexes in a Numpy 2D array where the value is 1
zip(*np.where(a == 1))
24,082,784
pandas dataframe groupby datetime month
Group a pandas data frame by monthly frequenct `M` using groupby
df.groupby(pd.TimeGrouper(freq='M'))
42,211,584
How do I compare values in a dictionary?
get the maximum of 'salary' and 'bonus' values in a dictionary
print(max(d, key=lambda x: (d[x]['salary'], d[x]['bonus'])))
3,804,727
python, subprocess: reading output from subprocess
flush output of python print
sys.stdout.flush()
18,397,805
How do I delete a row in a numpy array which contains a zero?
delete all rows in a numpy array `a` where any value in a row is zero `0`
a[np.all(a != 0, axis=1)]
1,854
What OS am I running on
get os name
import platform platform.system()
19,961,490
Construct pandas DataFrame from list of tuples
construct pandas dataframe from a list of tuples
df = pandas.DataFrame(data, columns=['R_Number', 'C_Number', 'Avg', 'Std'])
42,142,756
How can I change a specific row label in a Pandas dataframe?
rename `last` row index label in dataframe `df` to `a`
df = df.rename(index={last: 'a'})
3,899,980
How to change the font size on a matplotlib plot
change the font size on plot `matplotlib` to 22
matplotlib.rcParams.update({'font.size': 22})
40,498,088
List comprehension - converting strings in one list, to integers in another
get list of sums of neighboring integers in string `example`
[sum(map(int, s)) for s in example.split()]
2,231,663
Slicing a list into a list of sub-lists
get a list of tuples of every three consecutive items in list `[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]`
list(zip(*((iter([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]),) * 3)))
8,344,905
Pythons fastest way of randomising case of a string
randomly switch letters' cases in string `s`
"""""".join(x.upper() if random.randint(0, 1) else x for x in s)
237,079
get file creation & modification date/times in
get modified time of file `file`
time.ctime(os.path.getmtime(file))
2,514,961
Remove all values within one list from another list in python
remove all values within one list `[2, 3, 7]` from another list `a`
[x for x in a if x not in [2, 3, 7]]
2,424,412
What is the easiest way to convert list with str into list with int?
convert list with str into list with int
list(map(int, ['1', '2', '3']))
663,171
substring a string
get a new string including all but the last character of string `x`
x[:(-2)]
13,295,735
How can I replace all the NaN values with Zero's in a column of a pandas dataframe
replace all the nan values with 0 in a pandas dataframe `df`
df.fillna(0)
2,052,390
manually throw/raise an exception
manually throw/raise a `ValueError` exception with the message 'A very specific bad thing happened'
raise ValueError('A very specific bad thing happened')
31,029,560
Plotting categorical data with pandas and matplotlib
plot a bar graph from the column 'color' in the DataFrame 'df'
df.colour.value_counts().plot(kind='bar')
4,906,977
Access environment variables
get value of the environment variable 'KEY_THAT_MIGHT_EXIST' with default value `default_value`
print(os.getenv('KEY_THAT_MIGHT_EXIST', default_value))
16,568,056
Python Nested List Comprehension with two Lists
create a list of aggregation of each element from list `l2` to all elements of list `l1`
[(x + y) for x in l2 for y in l1]
29,471,884
Get the immediate minimum among a list of numbers in python
get the next value greatest to `2` from a list of numbers `num_list`
min([x for x in num_list if x > 2])
21,164,910
Delete Column in Pandas based on Condition
delete all columns in DataFrame `df` that do not hold a non-zero value in its records
df.loc[:, ((df != 0).any(axis=0))]
3,847,472
get index of character in python list
get index of character 'b' in list '['a', 'b']'
['a', 'b'].index('b')
3,277,503
read a file line by line into a list
read file `fname` line by line into a list `content`
with open(fname) as f: content = f.readlines()
1,299,855
upload file with Python Mechanize
null
br.form.add_file(open(filename), 'text/plain', filename)
19,205,916
How to call Base Class's __init__ method from the child class?
call base class's __init__ method from the child class `ChildClass`
super(ChildClass, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
22,904,654
How to save Xlsxwriter file in certain path?
save xlsxwriter file to 'C:/Users/Steven/Documents/demo.xlsx' path
workbook = xlsxwriter.Workbook('C:/Users/Steven/Documents/demo.xlsx')
18,116,235
Removing letters from a list of both numbers and letters
Get only digits from a string `strs`
"""""".join([c for c in strs if c.isdigit()])
22,741,068
How do I remove identical items from a list and sort it in Python?
remove identical items from list `my_list` and sort it alphabetically
sorted(set(my_list))
14,931,769
get all combination of n binary value
get all combination of n binary values
lst = list(itertools.product([0, 1], repeat=n))
13,223,737
how to read a file in other directory in python
open file '5_1.txt' in directory `direct`
x_file = open(os.path.join(direct, '5_1.txt'), 'r')
6,480,441
2D array of objects in Python
create a 2D array of `Node` objects with dimensions `cols` columns and `rows` rows
nodes = [[Node() for j in range(cols)] for i in range(rows)]
15,096,021
Python list of tuples to list of int
Flatten list `x`
x = [i[0] for i in x]
1,476
express binary literals
convert binary string '010101' to integer
int('010101', 2)
9,652,832
How to I load a tsv file into a Pandas DataFrame?
load a tsv file `c:/~/trainSetRel3.txt` into a pandas data frame
DataFrame.from_csv('c:/~/trainSetRel3.txt', sep='\t')
20,477,190
Get top biggest values from each column of the pandas.DataFrame
get biggest 3 values from each column of the pandas dataframe `data`
data.apply(lambda x: sorted(x, 3))
2,045,175
Regex match even number of letters
write a regex pattern to match even number of letter `A`
re.compile('^([^A]*)AA([^A]|AA)*$')
17,141,558
How to sort a dataFrame in python pandas by two or more columns?
sort dataframe `df` based on column 'a' in ascending and column 'b' in descending
df.sort_values(['a', 'b'], ascending=[True, False])
931,092
Reverse a string
Reverse list `s`
s[::(-1)]
5,826,427
Can a python script execute a function inside a bash script?
call a function `otherfunc` inside a bash script `test.sh` using subprocess
subprocess.call('test.sh otherfunc')
34,015,615
Python reversing an UTF-8 string
reverse a UTF-8 string 'a'
b = a.decode('utf8')[::-1].encode('utf8')
14,041,791
print variable and a string in python
Print a string `card` with string formatting
print('I have: {0.price}'.format(card))
10,565,598
Numpy: How to check if array contains certain numbers?
check if array `b` contains all elements of array `a`
numpy.in1d(b, a).all()
9,505,526
Split string into strings of repeating elements
split string `s` into strings of repeating elements
print([a for a, b in re.findall('((\\w)\\2*)', s)])
510,348
make a time delay
delay for "5" seconds
time.sleep(5)
17,109,608
change figure size and figure format in matplotlib
change figure size to 3 by 4 in matplotlib
plt.figure(figsize=(3, 4))
2,225,564
Get a filtered list of files in a directory
create a list `files` containing all files in directory '.' that starts with numbers between 0 and 9 and ends with the extension '.jpg'
files = [f for f in os.listdir('.') if re.match('[0-9]+.*\\.jpg', f)]
3,328,012
How can I tell if a file is a descendant of a given directory?
check if file `filename` is descendant of directory '/the/dir/'
os.path.commonprefix(['/the/dir/', os.path.realpath(filename)]) == '/the/dir/'
674,519
How can I convert a Python dictionary to a list of tuples?
convert a python dictionary `d` to a list of tuples
[(v, k) for k, v in list(d.items())]
15,183,084
how to create a dictionary using two lists in python?
create a dictionary using two lists`x` and `y`
dict(zip(x, y))
16,374,540
Efficient way to convert a list to dictionary
Convert a list `['A:1', 'B:2', 'C:3', 'D:4']` to dictionary
dict(map(lambda s: s.split(':'), ['A:1', 'B:2', 'C:3', 'D:4']))
36,139
How do I sort a list of strings in Python?
sort list `mylist` in alphabetical order
mylist.sort(key=str.lower)
13,252,333
Python check if all elements of a list are the same type
Check if all elements in list `lst` are tupples of long and int
all(isinstance(x, int) for x in lst)
16,739,319
Selenium Webdriver - NoSuchElementExceptions
selenium wait for driver `driver` 60 seconds before throwing a NoSuchElementExceptions exception
driver.implicitly_wait(60)
23,748,995
Pandas DataFrame to list
pandas dataframe `df` column 'a' to list
df['a'].values.tolist()
2,168,123
Converting a String to List in Python
split string "0,1,2" based on delimiter ','
"""0,1,2""".split(',')
817,122
Delete digits in Python (Regex)
delete digits at the end of string `s`
re.sub('\\b\\d+\\b', '', s)
4,241,757
Python/Django: How to remove extra white spaces & tabs from a string?
remove extra white spaces & tabs from a string `s`
""" """.join(s.split())
14,764,126
How to make a python script which can logoff, shutdown, and restart a computer?
shutdown and restart a computer running windows from script
subprocess.call(['shutdown', '/r'])
16,099,694
How to remove empty string in a list?
get a list `cleaned` that contains all non-empty elements in list `your_list`
cleaned = [x for x in your_list if x]
7,996,940
What is the best way to sort list with custom sorting parameters in Python?
null
li1.sort(key=lambda x: not x.startswith('b.'))
4,476,373
Simple URL GET/POST
make an HTTP post request with data `post_data`
post_response = requests.post(url='http://httpbin.org/post', json=post_data)
19,490,064
Merge DataFrames in Pandas using the mean
merge rows from dataframe `df1` with rows from dataframe `df2` and calculate the mean for rows that have the same value of axis 1
pd.concat((df1, df2), axis=1).mean(axis=1)
38,147,447
How to remove square bracket from pandas dataframe
get element at index 0 of each list in column 'value' of dataframe `df`
df['value'] = df['value'].str.get(0)
186,857
Splitting a semicolon-separated string to a dictionary, in Python
split a string `s` by ';' and convert to a dictionary
dict(item.split('=') for item in s.split(';'))
3,437,059
string contains substring
check if string "substring" is in string
string.find('substring')
123,198
copy a file
copy a file from `src` to `dst`
copyfile(src, dst)
41,894,454
How to custom sort an alphanumeric list?
custom sort an alphanumeric list `l`
sorted(l, key=lambda x: x.replace('0', 'Z'))
8,249,836
how to get all possible combination of items from 2-dimensional list in python?
get all possible combination of items from 2-dimensional list `a`
list(itertools.product(*a))
187,455
Counting array elements in Python
count the number of elements in array `myArray`
len(myArray)
40,384,599
Sorting a list of tuples by the addition of second and third element of the tuple
sorting a list of tuples `lst` by the sum of the second elements onwards, and third element of the tuple
sorted(lst, key=lambda x: (sum(x[1:]), x[0]))
11,573,817
How to download a file via FTP with Python ftplib
null
ftp.retrbinary('RETR %s' % filename, file.write)
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