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489
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
eq7q8d
|
How do kevlar vests work?
|
Engineering
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"feol0be",
"feojsjr",
"feoiu1l",
"feok723"
] |
[
"Kevlar has a high tensile strength. They weave it into a fine mesh, so for a bullet to push through it needs to push the strands out of the way, but they’re interlocked so can’t go anywhere. With enough layers this will both stop a bullet from penetrating and dissipate the load across a wide area so you don’t die from the mesh stretching enough to go into you. You’ll still very likely take some injury, including possible broken ribs. There’s a limit to how much energy it can absorb before the strands break. Most Kevlar vests are good for common handgun rounds but will not stop a rifle round (not counting 22LR/.17HMR) or shotgun slug. You can get armor piercing bullets too with steel tips, these do not deform so quickly as a plain lead / copper jacketed bullet so go through Kevlar at lower energy. To resist against rifle rounds you need more sophisticated things like ceramic plates inserted into the armor to be able to absorb enough energy from common infantry rifle rounds (you’re out of luck against something like a 50 cal BMG). These plates are one time use. Similarly - a plain bullet proof vest won’t be stab proof as th knife can cut the fibers. So stab proof vests often use a mesh of little plates inside the best that can resist a certain level of impact."
] |
[
62
] |
[
[],
[],
[
"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HgZ0X2bdfRc"
],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
8r4xtr
|
What is the goddamn point of these mobile sites that constantly jump back up to the top as it loads? Shouldn't they only care about ad views? Is it engagement numbers? Who clicks ads? Like seriously. Don't they know people leave when this happens?
|
Technology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"e0oggz5"
] |
[
"I like the ones that ask if you want to sign up as soon as it opens. How the F@#k would I know! I don't even know if I'm on the right page. Or the big ass \"we use cookies! Accept or die!\" pop up. I leave or ignore."
] |
[
6
] |
[
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
d75gc9
|
why does soft drink/soda fiz more when poured over ice then straight into a glass
|
Other
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"f0xm4gf"
] |
[
"Ice is not a smooth surface. It has many small cracks in the surface, and the thermal stress of adding ice to (relatively) hot water will crack it further. All these defects provide many sites for nucleation and enhance bubble formation considerably. Whereas just adding ice to a glass, the glass is smooth."
] |
[
13
] |
[
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
7yh4n3
|
Why does a minimal difference in temperature have such a deep impact on a global scale?
|
I was watching ‘Before the Flood’ and it was told in that documentary that a small difference in temperature had a big effect on our climate.. Like coral reef dying, storms getting bigger and bigger and this is happening because of a temperature difference of 1 degrees. How come?
|
Physics
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"dugif39"
] |
[
"1 degree difference in the vast volume of air and huge mass of water in an ocean is a tremendous amount of energy. This energy will have an effect far more powerful than indicated by the mere measurement of a small relative change. As for corals, they and their symbiotic algae have evolved for a specific temperature range. When the temp rises it weakens or kills the algae that provides most of the food for the coral. Most corals can survive a wider range than the algae, but not long without the extra food."
] |
[
4
] |
[
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
a49xio
|
How football (soccer) tactics have evolved to the point where the strategies of hugely successful managers from recent history such as Wenger and Mourinho are now considered to be outdated
|
I'm not a football fan as such BTW, but I'm forever hearing friends complain about Mourinho's 'dated tactics' costing them matches and would love to know the science behind it.
|
Other
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"ebd64dv"
] |
[
"I’ve been an avid football fan since I was about 7 years old (1992, the year the premier league started) and I’m English, so I feel qualified enough to talk about the changes, in English football at least. When I started watching football teams all (hyperbole) played 4-4-2 and a lot of teams, most really, played a more direct passing style. (Get the ball forward as fast as possible). Players also had pretty fixed, defined roles. Now, because this was what I learnt, I kinda always assumed ‘that’s how football is played’. Going back to the 50s, most teams played what we would now consider to be a suicidal formation. 2-3-5. Yes, 2 defenders, 3 midfielders and 5 forwards. They also played ‘long ball’, which is basically an extreme version of direct football. Boot the ball up field and hope for the best ‘hoof and hope’. Now, playing against that as 4-4-2 and you have an advantage, because you have more players in the midfield. And passing direct, you can play around them. Now, when Wenger first came into the premier league, most teams were playing 4-4-2 and direct. He likes his teams to play passing football around midfield. Which really exposes a weakness of direct football, the ball is never around the midfield for long. I can’t remember the formations Wenger used to use in the early days, but that’s just it: formation*s* (more than one). The players also had more fluid positions. To do that you need faster, more skilful and more versatile players. Think Henry, Pires, Ljungberg etc etc. So, really, it’s exposing the weakness of the opposition by exploiting the holes in their system. When Mourinho came into the premier league, the style had changed again. More teams playing the fluid passing style, Mourinho came in with a Dynamic 4-3-3 formation based around defence and counter attacking, but still with fast versatile wing backs. In recent years we’ve seen the rise of formations like 4-2-3-1 and 3-4-3. These are both hybrid formations. In 4-2-3-1 when you’re defending you are playing as ‘4-5-1’. The three attacking midfielders drop back to support the defence. When you’re attacking it turns into either a 4-3-3 or even a 4-2-4. This relies on having a couple of forward players who can comfortably play on the wing, cross, come into the box, shoot and also run back to cover the wings in defence. In 3-4-3, again it’s hybrid. It seems crazy to only play 3 defenders, but defending, this formation becomes 5-4-1 as the wing backs drop into defence and two of the forwards drop into midfield. Attacking this formation becomes 3-2-5, as the wing backs bomb forward to join the attack. If you watch current Chelsea, Left-wingback Alonso will often be the *furthest player forward* in attack. You probably notice that this is really similar to the old 1950s formation. Those just happen to be the current vogue formations, something else will come along and take their place eventually. It is afterall a sport, and the aim of sports like football is to win, not one game, but an entire league season. That means you need to have a big squad of players with a variety of skills, and the ability to change tactics to counter-act your opponents. In the past, there may have been a ‘conventional wisdom’ like “we’ve always played this way, therefore we always will”, but you’ll lose to the teams that are analytical about their tactics and dynamic in their application."
] |
[
4
] |
[
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
dzpo0c
|
Why are screens flickering when you're trying to take a photo of them?
|
Technology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"f89a8jz",
"f89jwkv",
"f89poai",
"f899qv3"
] |
[
"The screens are flickering all the time. 50 or 60 or more times per second, that’s how you see movement on the screen. Our eyes however can’t see this; we can see a flicker of a few times to 10/12 times per second (and we see them as individual images in those cases) , but going beyond 24 per second, our eyes and brains can’t process them individually and we interpret that as motion. Cameras, like ones on your phone, can actually capture the moments between the image changes; so you see parts of different images being replaced by new ones, and parts remaining the same, so you get “streaks”"
] |
[
332
] |
[
[],
[
"https://youtu.be/3BJU2drrtCM"
],
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
crgy7m
|
Why do some paintings cost huge sums of money?
|
Other
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"ex4zcej"
] |
[
"Scarcity and greed, basically. When you have a huge amount of wealth, it amuses some people to compete for unique items with enormous bids. Could be a Picasso, could be an image of Jesus on a piece of toast - as long as you can say \"This is MINE!\" at the end of the day."
] |
[
5
] |
[
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
5uvkud
|
When you get pulled over by a cop and they "run" your license, what are they actually doing?
|
Other
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"ddx63n1",
"ddx7369"
] |
[
"They are checking your id against numerous databases to see if you have outstanding warrants for your arrest, if this is a repeat offense, if your license is up to date, if your license has been revoked, etc."
] |
[
12
] |
[
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
j4m7fa
|
picture this, we put human skin in a container and expose it to unbelievably high temperatures would it melt or evaporate?
|
I don't need sleep i need answers
|
Chemistry
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"g7jzim3",
"g7kd91f",
"g7k98km"
] |
[
"I don't know if according to the rules I'm allowed to post this Quite a bit of the skin is composed of liquids that exposed to a extremely high temperature obviously are gonna evaporate. Whereas the remaining skin would dry up until becoming dust or burn down becoming powder"
] |
[
11
] |
[
[],
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
83l1jz
|
How do flat land areas flood?
|
I’ve been driving through really large flat areas in Australia and on the side of the road it says prone to flooding. Wouldn’t the water just spread out over he land and Soak into the soil?
|
Other
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"dvimq2x"
] |
[
"Thing is, Australian soil is really bad at absorbing water. Soil that absorbs water is absorbent because there is a thick network of grasses and such that actively soak up the water, and because said network creates a porous, organic soil that has to be completely saturated before water can fill it up and start pooling. Australian soil is generally dense and inorganic (mostly populated with shallow root plants that don't have wide root matting). When it rains the total amount of water being dumped is HUGE, so the lack of active/passive absorption really causes problems with flooding. That's also why deforested areas have problems with soil erosion and flooding."
] |
[
3
] |
[
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
ly9xlz
|
Why is jumping from a bridge lethal?
|
Obviously I know hitting the surface of water flatly would be lethal but you should be able to stay relatively unharmed if you jump like divers do.
|
Physics
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"gprhue3",
"gprj83w"
] |
[
"There are a lot of bridges people jump from for sport regularly, and they come out perfectly healthy. If you're thinking \"suicide bridges\" like the golden gate bridge, it's a combination of extreme height (20-30 meter drive is ok, 70+ meters isn't), cold water, far distance to the next land, and strong currents that is deadly. One might be killed by the impact alone at that height, and it that's not the case, it's drowning with extra steps."
] |
[
11
] |
[
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
ivzxb3
|
Why is movement relative, but not rotation? Does the universe have an up and down?
|
In physics, we are taught that if you have a velocity of X, it's only a velocity of X relative to something else. If 2 objects have a velocity of X relative to a third object (and are moving in the same direction), then those 2 objects aren't moving at all in relation to each other. Simple to understand and demonstrate. However, if you rotate an object, it doesn't matter what you are rotating in relationship to....or does it?? For arguments sake, there's nothing visible around you - you're in a total zero energy vacuum. My understanding is you can still tell you are rotating. Is this because you are rotating in relationship to other parts of the same body (eg, 1 side is going up while one is going down)? Or would you be spinning and have no idea you are because there's no frame of reference?
|
Physics
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"g5uw8cq"
] |
[
"It's because rotating requires acceleration, and acceleration requires force, which isn't relative. If you were spinning with no external reference you'd still experience centrifugal force (a real thing in a rotating reference frame), coriolis force, etc. Constant velocity is zero acceleration is zero force...nothing to measure directly, so you need an external reference. If you're accelerating at all, you can measure it and it's not longer relative. This doesn't just apply to rotating, it applies to accelerating in a straight line too. Among other things, this is what resolves the Twin Paradox in special relativity."
] |
[
10
] |
[
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
d8j17p
|
What is Q Factor measuring?
|
[Here's the Wikipedia page]( URL_0 ) for the topic in question. I feel like I may need a PhD to start understanding what's being described there.
|
Physics
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"f1aw70b"
] |
[
"When you have some kind of system that oscillates (e.g. a pendulum, mass on a spring, LRC electrical circuit), in an ideal world, the oscillations start and continue forever because there are no losses. But when you knock a pendulum irl, it starts swinging but the swings get smaller and smaller until they stop completely. This is called *damping* and is caused by energy losses in the system due to friction, electrical resistance, whatever and a system with damping is called a *damped system*. Q factor is a dimensionless quantity (just a number, no units like seconds or kg) that describes how *undamped* a system is. A pendulum with high *Q* will swing for a long time after being knocked, whereas a pendulum with small *Q* will stop much sooner. As a real-world example, a bell has a high Q-factor because it rings for a long time when you hit it (doooonnnnnnng!), but a frying pan has a low Q-factor because it barely rings at all (dong!)"
] |
[
5
] |
[
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
aexsql
|
How do grazing herbavores, like cows and bulls, end up packed with so much protein and muscle?
|
Biology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"edtomza"
] |
[
". grass and other plants have proteins in them too, it's just really spread out sometimes. cows are good at stripping out the proteins and other good stuff they need and getting rid of the rest. and so they eat a lot."
] |
[
8
] |
[
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
639aj8
|
Is outsourcing good for anyone besides the stock holders?
|
Economics
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"dfs9o02",
"dfsa0qb"
] |
[
"It's potentially good for the customers of the company, assuming the cost savings (or at least a portion of them) are passed on to customers."
] |
[
3
] |
[
[],
[
"https://www.technologyreview.com/s/601491/the-all-american-iphone/"
]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
ldetn2
|
Why are all bottles 'bottle shaped' and all cans 'can shaped'?
|
Engineering
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"gm5esjo"
] |
[
"It’s about both convention, convenience, and manufacturability. You can certainly find examples of aluminum bottles. Cans of the past shaped differently than cans of the present. Typically bottles will be in the shape of bottles and cans in the shape of cans. You can read about the history of the coca cola bottle shape here URL_0"
] |
[
4
] |
[
[
"https://www.coca-colacompany.com/company/history/the-history-of-the-coca-cola-contour-bottle"
]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
98nlzm
|
why so many different pasta lengths and shapes? What do they even add to the dish?
|
Engineering
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"e4hdutj",
"e4hcqcw"
] |
[
"If I’m having a dryish pasta with lots of small bits (bacon, peas etc...) i’ll choose a smaller pasta like orzo or macaroni, so it all mixes better and the small bits don’t just drop to the bottom. With a pasta with more sauce I might choose a tubular pasta so the sauce fills it a bit. Long pastas like spaghetti and tagliatelle are also good with sauce, where the sauce coats the strands. I might choose a wider pasta like pappardelle with shredded meat dishes like ragu so the shreds cling to the long wide strands. These are just some examples, but the large variety of thickness, width, length and shape allows for a lot of customization to enhance particular dishes."
] |
[
37
] |
[
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
8ks3ir
|
why are songs that are edited to sound as if they’re ‘playing in another room’ more enjoyable to listen to?
|
Technology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"dza22w6",
"dzaiiz1"
] |
[
"I've never seen this before and it just sounds muffled to me. Definitely not as enjoyable as just listening to the original song imo."
] |
[
7
] |
[
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
ba0696
|
How does a genetic trait become dominant or recessive?
|
We know when a trait becomes dominant or recessive but how does it become so?
|
Biology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"ek870xl",
"ek9ucxj"
] |
[
"It's not that it is magically either, it's all about how it is expressed. How the downstream functionality (RNA to protein) works. One way to look at it is you have two options on things: one explodes everything and the other lets you hug puppies. You now draw two cards from a mix. You draw two \"explode everything\" and things explode. Draw one \"explode everything\" and one \"hug puppies\" and everything explodes. 1/4 of the time with an even distribution you get to hug puppies. In a lot of cases, dominant traits just overwhelm recessive."
] |
[
4
] |
[
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
c2hy8r
|
- Are all of our actions predictable? Do we actually make decisions on our own? Or is it all decided before we realize it? Are we really only a product of our environment? Or do we consciously make every decision for ourselves?
|
Biology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"erk5xkf",
"erk5xz5"
] |
[
"If you could perfectly understand every variable at play in even the smallest choice you make, yes, everything is predictable. Yes, you may have choices, but you're only going to make one, and it rests entirely (or nearly entirely) on factors beyond your control and probably beyond your scope of understanding. Because of that, you might reasonably claim that free will is an illusion. You'd probably be right, even. However, you can't even begin to know everything you'd need to make those decisions less opaque, so it's a very convincing illusion. So much so, I would argue, that you might as well have free will after all. So, make the best decision you can, knowing wha TV you do, and don't worry about it too much."
] |
[
8
] |
[
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
iixqbv
|
Why does getting ready for bed make you less tired?
|
Biology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"g39q5tk"
] |
[
"Let's say you're sitting on your couch, reading a book and then you start getting ready for bed. You go from stationary to moving around. Your eyes are exposed to lights and movement. You brush your teeth and that minty toothpaste freshens you right up. A splash of water triggers a reaction from your body to prepare to swim. All those things activate you, do you feel less sleepy."
] |
[
6
] |
[
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
d32325
|
How does hacking through WiFi really works? We know that data can be stolen but what are the hackers actually seeing on their screen that have access to our information?
|
Technology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"ezyfcqo",
"ezy7dr4",
"ezy702p",
"ezz9m6b",
"ezzaa56",
"ezyf1j4",
"ezy6x05",
"ezzknys",
"ezz5tg4",
"ezzjrek",
"f00mfz2"
] |
[
"When you go to a website, you send a request to a server for information. For example, when you go to [ URL_5 ](https:// URL_5 ), you send Google's server a request asking for their homepage. Their server sends that information back to you, and your web browser formats it correctly. > [192.168.0.3]( URL_2 ) wants to access [ URL_1 ]( URL_0 ); please send the homepage code. When you log in to a website, like your bank, you have to send some extra information to the server so that it knows who you are. That's usually your username and password. When it's not encrypted, that information is sent in plain text, right alongside of the website that you're trying to get to. > [192.168.0.3]( URL_2 ) wants to access [ URL_7 ]( URL_3 ), their username is [[email protected]](mailto:[email protected]) and their password is hunter2; please send the transaction list. Once you've told the server who you are, they sometimes send back a session key; this is similar to a coat check. When you go to the website later, you don't have to give your username and password again - you just give your coat check, and they can identify you from that. That keeps you from having to send the password repeatedly, and saves the server from having to re-authenticate you every time. However, just like in real life, if that coat check gets stolen, anyone can pick up your coat (your data) with it. On a public wireless network, anyone else can scan the network for these requests, and they'll see [every \"packet\" of information being sent over the network]( URL_4 ). From there, they can search the stream of data for patterns, such as looking for e-mail addresses. They can then see your password in the same request, and voila - they have your information. If you're interested in how encryption works, I'd highly suggest [this video]( URL_6 ) which explains the protocol really well and in an easy to understand way. **Edit:** It looks like I removed the part about encryption while I was editing my comment last night. Encrypting these requests is incredibly easy nowadays, so most websites will encrypt the data that you send it and the data that it sends you. It’s explained better in that video I linked above, but you and the server basically agree on a shared secret phrase that people scanning the network can’t figure out. That way, only you can see the data that you’re being sent and only they can see the data that they’re being sent."
] |
[
11899
] |
[
[
"https://google.com",
"google.com",
"https://192.168.0.3",
"https://bank.example.com",
"https://jvns.ca/images/wireshark_screenshot.png",
"Google.com",
"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3QnD2c4Xovk",
"bank.example.com",
"https://Google.com"
],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
82ojs0
|
How do viruses know what to do despite not being alive?
|
How do they know to attack cells and stuff if they aren't alive? Is it by chance? Are they mechanical?
|
Biology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"dvbkzoy",
"dvboizd",
"dvboeot",
"dvbwj6c",
"dvbxntz",
"dvbxoqn"
] |
[
"\"Are they mechanical?\" Basically. They run on pure chemistry and physics. It's not that they know what to do, but rather that that specific amalgamation of chemicals will react that way in the presence of certain things."
] |
[
66
] |
[
[],
[],
[],
[
"tinyurl.com/y8bxsj7e"
],
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
c4p134
|
How does music of dead/retired musicians get remastered?
|
Other
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"erxlzzd",
"erxrnwj"
] |
[
"If you have individual vocal and instrument audio tracks from the original recording, you can process them separately with more modern technology. Suppose one of the tracks was noisy or had limited sound quality due to the technology at the time. You could replace the track or filter out the noise. You could make it more on-tune with auto-tuning technology. Mix all these processed tracks back and it will be remastered. It gets more complicated if you don't have the individual tracks. There are some ways of isolating the human vocal tones away from the instruments but depending on the type of music, this may be hard to separate. Even more future technology will allow you to synthesize a person's voice given enough samples. This is still in progress but it will open up a whole lot of issues with ownership of the voice and its use in deep fakes (forged audio or videos)."
] |
[
10
] |
[
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
l94b7k
|
How does cancer kill? If untreated, what will cancer do to the body that kills you?
|
Biology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"glge4io",
"glg4orl"
] |
[
"Alright other have said that cells are growing out of control the way they aren't supposed to and that messes things up, but let me illustrate in a way I think you will understand. So lets take a car. The car is like your body. Now part of the car starts duplicating itself. Let's say a pieces of the steering while. Like a bit of the leather coating or whatever the cover is made of. Now just copies of that one tiny piece start appeared and they spread all over the place. They get in the gas tank and fill it up. They get in the engine and start filling it up. They get in the air intake and fill it up. so forth and so on. Gradually every big and space of the car being filled up with bits of steering while coating. That car's going to break down real fast, isn't it? Your body is also a finely turned machine, and if bits of lung cells or whatever star shoving their way all over the place in you body where it doesn't belong, you're going to break down pretty quickly too."
] |
[
11
] |
[
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
eu69sy
|
Why is it recommended to wait at least 10 minutes to brush your teeth after eating a meal
|
Biology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"fflr6gz",
"fflqpvn",
"fflzbqx"
] |
[
"The food softens the hard part of your teeth (acidity). If you brush your teeth, you brush away the hard part of your teeth (enamel) and weaken your teeth because the hard part isn’t as thick. This is the same reason you wait to brush your teeth after you throw up - your stomach acids have softened the hard part of your teeth and you don’t want to brush it away!"
] |
[
17
] |
[
[],
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
gjs8zi
|
Why does Personal Protection Equipment (PPE) have an expiry date?
|
Other
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"fqmqlmk",
"fqmqcip"
] |
[
"It's more a liability thing than anything. A manufacturer can't control how you store something that you buy, so they can't control what it may be exposed to and how quickly it will break down. What they can do is guess at the worst case scenario, duplicate it, and see how long it takes for their products to break down to the point that they no longer protect you. They then can take that amount of time and cut it by some percentage for safety, and say that their products expire in that amount of time. My guess is that they don't do that very often, but they know from experience how long their stuff will last when stored in horrible conditions, and they use that with a safety factor as their expiration timeframe."
] |
[
6
] |
[
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
ggbwrj
|
What caused the market crash of 2008?
|
Economics
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"fpz5ylv"
] |
[
"It was almost exclusively banks’ fault. It was a combination artificially inflated mortgage rates, overvaluing of properties, and banks (almost all of them), were investing very very heavily into stocks, using too much of people’s deposited money. The banks lent out riskily, invested riskily, and essentially lost a gamble with millions and millions of people’s’ money. When one part of this started to crumble, the rest toppled too. It meant that the vast majority of banks needed to be bailed out by governments. (And after taking these bailouts, the upper management of these banks still got their multi-million £ bonuses)."
] |
[
12
] |
[
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
a9i5m0
|
Brain Stroke Surgeries
|
My dad had a major stroke and I’m curious as to the scientific advancement we’re making for major strokes. I’m already understanding as to why and what caused it. Unfortunately, they could not give him the medicine to reduce the chance of it becoming what it was. My question is, other than removing part of the skull for swelling. During life saving surgery (I’m in no way educated in the way of asking this) but why couldn’t there be a process of introducing oxygen to the brain beyond the stroke? Does it carry to much risk during the surgery? Hope everyone is having a Merry Christmas.
|
Biology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"ecjozu6"
] |
[
"It sounds like you're describing thrombectomy. That's the physical removal of the clot so your brain gets oxygen again. Another way is to dissolve the clot which is called thrombolysis. For a thrombectomy we don't cut open your skull, but we go to the clot through your blood vessels. The problem is that it's really time sensitive, since you can't revive dead cells. So once the brain cells die, they're gone forever. An infarction typically has a center of dead cells surrounded by the penumbra zone (literally the shadow zone). This zone contains cells at risk of dying, but not dead yet. Restoring flow (and oxygenation) can save these cells and minimize the damage of a stroke."
] |
[
3
] |
[
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
hviedm
|
Why do we forget things? Why do certain memories stand out more than others?
|
Biology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"fytiisf"
] |
[
"Memories are complex. They're not like taking a picture or a video that is 1 file, but more like a puzzle. All the information you take in, such as smells and words and pictures and tastes etc are all taken in through your various sense organs. That information goes to the various parts of your brain that processes that given information (such as the visual areas of the brain etc). Each area makes its own puzzle peice that creates a whole puzzle for a memory together. Further more, your brain tries to figure out how important the information you take in is. If it took in everything, it'd run out od space for all those puzzle peices and it'd have to sift through every damn puzzle peice to remember anything. So it decides whats important based on a lot of things like how often it occurs (repetition makes us remember things better) and focus (if we are consciously paying attention to it or its happening when we're paying attention to something else) This creates long term and short term memory. Things our brain thinks we'll need for a long time and things it thinks may be important for just a little while, but can be forgotten eventually. When you go to remember something, it has to pull all the puzzle peices together. So say you are remembering a first kiss. The parts of your brain that were active during that kiss activate again in a different but similar way to sort of simulate the sensations. The part of your brain involved with physical sensation recreates the same pattern that occured when your lips touched; the parts of your brain that were active when you smelled their perfume or cologne or whatever activate, and so on. They all come together in your brain, with \"meta data\" or data about data that tell it how the parts interact and such and how these feelings made you feel emotionally and such. It also carries information about what you think about these memories. Every time you think about a memory, it can change a little. So for example your first kiss was nice when it happened. Remembering it makes you feel good. But then you have a bad break up and when you remember that kiss, your brain adds a little extra info that you were feeling upset when you remembered it. This changes the way you feel about this memory, possibly changing it to a more negative memory. The reason memories can stand out is that things related to that memory can activate the different peices of the memory. For example, in that first kiss you have the memory of the smell of the perfume. If you later smell the perfume on someone else, it can trigger the the portion of the memory, of many memories even, causing you to think about them. Fresh memories are easier to access and more likely to be triggered. Older memories are less likepy to be triggered. The pathways of those memories get weaker as they become less used. Imagine it like a path in the dirt. The more that people walk the same area, the deeper the path is. If people stop using it, rain and such wash it away till its fainter and fainter."
] |
[
8
] |
[
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
6yntfm
|
Why do Pro-Life/Red states have the highest teenage pregnancy rates in the country?
|
Other
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"dmoquue"
] |
[
"Very simple, the religious right thinks premarital sex is bad. They don't want abortions (because that would legitimize premarital sex for non-procreative purposes), they don't want kids to get birth control (same reason) and moreover, they don't even generally like sex education in schools (because kids might get ideas). So you get a bunch of teenagers without easy access to birth control, who know very little about human reproduction, and who can't talk to their parents about their desires...and they do what teenagers have done ever since the dawn of the human species: copulate. With predictable consequences! Nothing about what the religious right does on this subject is about practical results. It's all about moralizing. And that's why it fails to produce practical results."
] |
[
8
] |
[
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
gve542
|
Why does your throat hurts when you're trying to not cry?
|
Biology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"fsofotq"
] |
[
"It's caused by a short term dopamine(feel good chemical) deficiency in the brain when being sad or under mental stress and it has physical effects on the body until more dopamine is produced. This is also why a good cry is cathartic and makes you feel better after because of dopamine being produced. There are multiple physical things a dopamine definitely can do when caused by sadness."
] |
[
8
] |
[
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
fvbuzj
|
Why does laying down feel good?
|
Biology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"fmhl2n4"
] |
[
"Mainly because we aren't fighting gravity as our weight is distributed and supported by the bed. When we stand up our legs are holding us up and that uses energy to fight constant gravitation pull from Earth."
] |
[
6
] |
[
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
mwyzuv
|
car number plates in the usa
|
Here in the uk, registration plates come with the car (we have vanity/private number plates you can transfer but as far as I know you can’t buy a car without a reg) do you have to supply your own number plate when you buy one? Is it registered to the car or does each person transfer the number plate when they change vehicles?
|
Other
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"gvkyxpu",
"gvl99c7",
"gvl10dr"
] |
[
"Exact procedures are state-level laws so some of the details vary but in general: Car doesn't come with the plate. You apply for a temporary plate which is literally just printed out on a printer and is good for some period of time while you get your actual plate. If you're getting a new car because for example, your old car got totaled in an accident or is being junked, you can have the plate transferred from the old vehicle to the new vehicle at the DMV - basically transferring the registration from the old vehicle to the new vehicle so the government knows what car the plate is tied to. Otherwise, you apply for a new plate which you either get in person at the DMV or is mailed to you."
] |
[
8
] |
[
[],
[
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/af/Massachusetts_2011_license_plate.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ec/Illinois_2020-2021_License_Plate.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/52/2018_Florida_license_plate_IYT_E32.jpg"
],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
7u0sbr
|
Why is it that you can swallow in fast succession when drinking water or eating, but cannot when trying to swallow your own saliva?
|
Biology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"dtgovi5",
"dtgozec"
] |
[
"Because there's not enough in your mouth to chug. I bet if you spit in a cup till it was full and then chugged that u could get some pretty of fast swallows in (between all the vomiting and crying)"
] |
[
10
] |
[
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
gikmto
|
Ethical issues aside, what are the scientific problems in cloning people?
|
Biology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"fqf41zx",
"fqf4n39"
] |
[
"Cloning has a very high failure rate with animals developing many biological problems and generally having shortened lifespans."
] |
[
9
] |
[
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
alwsgs
|
What was the Michelson–Morley experiment about? How was it done?
|
Physics
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"efhlmgk"
] |
[
"Before scientists knew how light worked and what is was, there was a thought that maybe it was like sound. That it was just a wave moving through a medium, like sound waves in air or water. So an experiment was made. They would send light at a set up of mirrors. First there would be a semi-mirror, that would let half the light through and reflect the other half at an angle. Then both parts of the light would reflect of two other mirrors. After that they met back at the first semi-mirror and are recombined and sent off to a detector. The hypothesis was that if light is really just a wave traveling through some medium (people called it aether), then the two parts of light would hit the detector at different times even though it was the same distance, if they could affect the aether. The built their experiment then tried in in lots of different ways. They tested to see if gravity effected the aether. Did heat? Cold? Vacuum? In the end nothing ever made the light take longer going one way or the other."
] |
[
5
] |
[
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
6f2qq5
|
Why do many businesses not post any pricing information on their website?
|
When I'm searching for a service, I find it difficult to get any ideas of prices. For example: Searching for martial arts classes and schedules in my area is easy. Getting prices is not easy. I would much rather choose the business that posted their prices and skip over the ones that makes me leave a call-back message. I get why they would want you to call them or visit them, but wouldn't making the process easier be better for their business?
|
Other
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"diexhxn"
] |
[
"> I get why they would want you to call them or visit them, but wouldn't making the process easier be better for their business? Not necessarily. If I'm looking for martial arts classes for example, and I can price-check online, I'd be less likely to ever consider anyone but the cheapest. Once you're actually checking the place out, going in there, etc., you're more likely already to choose that place. They want you to come in to be convinced the price is reasonable, and not be openly outbid by their competition. Usually you see this in places where the \"going rate\" for the service isn't well-defined. If dude has a nice studio, took a lot of classes himself, and thinks his expertise is worth it, it's better for him to charge what he thinks is right and leave it to you to figure out if there's a better deal out there. Even if his studio really is better than others, it's easiest for him to actually show you that. If all you do is look online and get the price, he loses a chance to explain why his classes are actually better and worth a possibly-higher price."
] |
[
5
] |
[
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
8fqn5m
|
At what height would a "Firemans Pole" become unusable?
|
Physics
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"dy5o7cq",
"dy5qk6b",
"dy5t77l"
] |
[
"In theory, it shouldn't be constrained by height. The trouble with free-falling from progressively higher heights is that the longer you fall, the more you have accelerated, and the faster you're going when you hit the ground. But even in free fall, if you're falling through an atmosphere, you eventually reach a *terminal velocity *-- the velocity at which the force of the friction of the air rushing past cancels further acceleration. A parachute works by dramatically decreasing terminal velocity. A fireman pole should work the same way, as long as the user is able to exert friction on the pole by squeezing it. The friction will result in a terminal velocity that is an acceptable rate of travel upon reading the ground. The need for friction needs to be balanced against the practical need for speed and practical aspects of the smoothness of the pole. Too much friction, the pole is unusable and dangerous. Too little, and it's not appreciably better than freefall."
] |
[
22
] |
[
[],
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
ngbjzl
|
Why do psychiatric hospitals work? Won't people act completely different when they are taken out of their familiar enviroment? Or when they are after the treatment thrown back into their 'old lives'?
|
Other
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"gypykqb",
"gyq1s2q",
"gypxrye"
] |
[
"Usually the main interventions offered by psychiatric hospitals are providing a safe environment where inpatients can be monitored and kept safe in a way that's not possible in the community, and regular medication (particularly for psychotic/affective illnesses) that eventually stabilise a patients mental state until theyre safe to be discharged home However, It's true longstay psychiatric admissions can be deskilling in terms of ability to manage day to day life. I live in the UK and its common for a psychiatric admission here to last a couple of weeks or a month (though obviously every case is different), even for psychotic/affective illnesses"
] |
[
6
] |
[
[],
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
bb4rlb
|
what happens to the "extra" sperm in a women's body?
|
Biology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"ekgdbrb",
"ekgfehd"
] |
[
"1) killed by acidic fluids 2) lost in flowback 3) stopped by mucus 4) attacked and absorbed by white blood cells 5) rest get attached to the lining of the oviduct, or just give out and die. Source: URL_0"
] |
[
10
] |
[
[
"https://www.google.com/amp/s/gizmodo.com/what-happens-to-sperm-once-theyre-inside-a-woman-1716992251/amp"
],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
6if2e7
|
when we walk or press surfaces hard are we killing viruses and bacteria like some unseeing giants of a microverse or are they too small for us to physically affect?
|
Biology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"dj5q80n",
"dj6g34u",
"dj5p7tb",
"dj60ii2",
"dj6fek0",
"dj76rkw",
"dj71ytg",
"dj6ojh2"
] |
[
"Yes and No. Bacteria are small enough that the surface of the bottom of your shoe (and the surface you are walking on) are full of relative valleys and troughs - very much large enough in which to be kept away from the crushing forces. That said, it's certainly true that some are killed - e.g. that bacteria sitting on the peak of a spot on your shoe hitting the peak of the concrete will get crushed. But...the million brother bacteria right next to it are left fine. TL;DR: don't use a fly swatter to wash your hands clean of bacteria."
] |
[
1146
] |
[
[],
[
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pascalization",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pasteurization",
"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uf4YyXVoWeA"
],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
5y021e
|
The newly proposed health care plan
|
Culture
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"dem8u2y",
"demizec",
"demriyi"
] |
[
"Unfortunately I don't think anyone can give you a proper ELI5 on this just yet. Here is why: Health care policy has to balance a lot of competing interests and interconnected problems. In order to explain what the effect of a law would be you need to get feedback on a number of fronts from a lot of experts and industry players, evaluate those claims, review the legislation yourself and consider them, and then reach a conclusion. Right now this legislation is simply too new to really evaluate intelligently. Some people might say: \"Well the intent is to allow people to buy health insurance even if they have pre-existing conditions; to make health insurance affordable by providing refundable tax credits; and instead of penalizing people with a tax fine for not having insurance, make insurance more expensive when they do get it as a penalty\" But the intent of Obamacare was to lower the cost of health insurance and stop companies denying coverage for pre-existing conditions. Obviously in fact it drastically raised the cost of health insurance. My, personal, initial impressions on the law is that, like Obamacare, it has a \"problem with reality\". It's stated objectives and methods could very well result in SEVERE unintended consequences. I do want to hear what industry has to say about this however, I want to read what other lawmakers have to say about this, and I want to read the law in much more detail after having heard those comments in order to make my own judgment. The one thing I would say for sure is this: With this health care proposal America is adopting the bi-partisan position that a true private insurance model for the provision of health care is impossible and that going forward health insurance companies are going to be providing care for everyone, with government setting prices, penalties, incentives and disincentives."
] |
[
23
] |
[
[],
[
"https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2017/03/06/us/politics/republican-obamacare-replacement.html"
],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
74fy94
|
Why does bar soap seem to dry out my skin, but liquid soap doesn't?
|
I've recently started using bar soap again for the first time in like a decade, and noticed that even while in the shower, it seems to leave a "film" or just a sense of dryness on my skin. But I've never noticed this with liquid soap, or body wash. What is causing this? Are the two types of soaps significantly different?
|
Chemistry
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"dnybwor",
"dny3m86",
"dny9zow"
] |
[
"Liquid soap isn’t “soap” technically, but actually synthetic detergents dissolved in water. These were invented in the 1950’s when oil was scarce for making soap. While soap and detergent are both technically surfactants, in that they are hydro and lypo philic, soap is usually very alkaline, more so than detergent, and your skin has a slightly acidic oil barrier. When alkaline soap interacts with your acidic oil barrier, it’s very good at breaking it down, removing your skin’s ability to keep water in making it feel dry. Liquid soap most definitely can dry out your skin, but most liquid soap has added humectants like glycerin that help to preserve the acid barrier during cleansing."
] |
[
10
] |
[
[],
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
6z7n5m
|
Why Americans use drywall instead of concrete and bricks to build houses in areas prone to natural disasters?
|
Culture
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"dmtav3n",
"dmt5q9f",
"dmt5yoj",
"dmts3c2",
"dmt54pq",
"dmt9qb7",
"dmt4dfc",
"dmtpwdm",
"dmt4bfq",
"dmtxhet",
"dmtnpif",
"dmt4ucv",
"dmtr1tu",
"dmu2705",
"dmtew4b"
] |
[
"The only natural disaster that concrete and brick houses are better at dealing with are fires. With tornadoes most damage is done by winds so strong that they dismantle concrete, brick, or stone either directly or by throwing debris into them only slightly more slowly than they do wood. You can make a tornado bunker that is above ground with 4 foot thick walls and steel reinforcement. Homes do not do that, even in places that they make concrete homes. Hurricanes tend to do most of their damage with flooding. Concrete and Bricks flood and mold just as easily as wood. When they are washed away the ground itself is washed away so they break just as easily too. For the extremely powerful hurricanes we have the same wind issues as tornadoes. For earthquakes the concrete and brick homes are far worse than wood. They are too rigid unless very expensive tech and building practices are used and so they just crumble when an earthquake happens as they cannot flex. And finally they are 3-10 times more expensive than wooden homes. Chances of you actually losing your home in your lifetime are low, and you get insurance to protect against it. So it is far better for most to spend what money they have to build a larger nicer home. Also you seem to think drywall is a structural weight bearing material. It is not. It is the interior finishing of the wall. Wood is the structural component and wood/fiberglass is the outdoor wall slat."
] |
[
515
] |
[
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
6zgml5
|
Why do grownups throw up less than children?
|
Biology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"dmv2vu4",
"dmv4z6x"
] |
[
"Children are dirty. They don't wash their hands, they're constantly around a bunch of other children that don't wash their hands, they put things in their mouths and generally do everything you're not supposed to do if you want to avoid sickness. They also have developing immune systems that haven't developed antibodies to common illnesses."
] |
[
46
] |
[
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
hlgy5t
|
How are fireworks made into shapes?
|
Other
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"fwz2xtr",
"fwzf7t1",
"fwz05wy",
"fwz1zne"
] |
[
"Inside of a firework, there is a propellant charge and explosive charge. The propellant shoots a cartridge (mortar) up into the air and the secondary explosive charge (mortar) contains a bunch of little explosive charges (stars) packed in additional exploding material. Basic mortars are three stage. The propellant charge fires it up into the air, and once the mortar charge reaches it's discharge height and explodes, the explosive packaging shoots the explosive stars in all direction which then explode separately, creating a spherical explosion of stars. More complicated ones are created in shapes charges and multi stage explosions. The stars in the mortar are packed so that the explosive packing is all on one side for example, this causes the explosive stars to explode in one direction before exploding themselves. This gives it a waterfall effect. Picture pasting paintballs on the outside of a baloon. When the baloon pops the paintballs are going to blow in all directions and then splatter. Now picture pasting paintballs in a row on just one side of the baloon, the paintballs are only going to go in one direction before splattering. Simple as that."
] |
[
1623
] |
[
[],
[
"http://www.howitworksdaily.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/HIW_inside-a-firework.jpg"
],
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
enpzc4
|
What is a volcano caldera and how does it differ from crater?
|
Physics
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"fe41swb"
] |
[
"There are different types of craters. An impact crater is a depression left in the ground following an impact from a meteorite. A caldera is a crater created when a volcano erupts, emptying the magma chamber underneath it, which causes the ground to collapse, forming a depression."
] |
[
4
] |
[
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
7gq6dg
|
When people take prescription drugs like Adderall and Ritalin why do they have no appetite?
|
Biology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"dqky25p"
] |
[
"Individuals with ADHD have low dopamine levels flowing in their brain, and dopamine helps us with motivation, planning, satisfaction w/ doing work, etc. The goal of these medications is to cause more dopamine to be released from its storage places in the brain. Unfortunately, dopamine is stored in the same little \"pouches\" in your brain cells as epinephrine, which is adrenaline. When stimulants like Adderall or Ritalin reach your brain, they release dopamine *and* adrenaline. This means we accidentally set off the \"fight or flight\" response. That response shuts down functions you wouldn't need in these adrenaline-fueled situations, including digestion. As a result, you're not hungry at all."
] |
[
10
] |
[
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
5syxuz
|
Playstation/Xbox CD's copy protection, how does it work?
|
How does playstation or xbox games on cd's copy protection work? I mean I know you can't put disc into optical drive on your PC and clone it to blank blu-ray disc, I mean it will work but disc wont be recognized by console (Not sure if this changed but back when PS1 was a thing I tried it and it didn't work). So how does copy protection work? I mean if software like Nero clones data on disc identically onto blank disc, how can console see it's cloned?
|
Technology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"ddiz7tf"
] |
[
"One method of optical media copy protection relies on the fact that legit media is pressed on specialized factories while pirated media is burned with home devices. When you burn an optical media you cannot control topologically where each piece of data will be located. Also, you cannot introduce intentional flaws and unconventional ways to write data. However, the common optical reader is able to pinpoint the physical location of each piece of data (sectors/clusters) and/or malformations. To check if the media is legit, it's only a matter to analyze how the data and reading errors are physically distributed through the media. Pressed media will *always* have exact the same configuration. In the other hand, to override the DRM validation, the game data should be written alongside a table containing where each sector was supposed to be located by describing the general topology and characteristics of the media. A tampered media reader would read this table, report as legit information and lure the console into believing that it is indeed an original disc."
] |
[
3
] |
[
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
djjg87
|
How do SSRIs work ?
|
Other
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"f45k9xn"
] |
[
"Selective Serotonin Reuptake inhibitors Think of it like your rolling golf balls across a table to your friend. (Golf balls = serotonin, table = synapse) You roll a hand full of golf balls to your friend, your friend can only pick so many up at a time. After a while you start picking up the golf balls cause you dont want to leave them on the table. SSRI's work by not letting you pick up the golf balls and letting your friend pick them all up over time. Aka this allows the serotonin to stay in the synapse longer, allowing the post- synaptic neuron to receive all the serotonin, improving mood"
] |
[
6
] |
[
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
671yho
|
Why do humans die because of wrong blood transfusion?
|
Biology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"dgn0tb7",
"dgn13xn"
] |
[
"Because blood cells of different types have different markers (signatures if you will), and our immune systems only identify blood types that have markers compatible to our own ones as friendly. Blood cells of an 'unfriendly' type are treated the same way as viruses i.e. a threat to us, and our immune system will kick into action trying to protect us, ironically often leading to fatal consequences as you have suggested. What makes it fatal? Well, the person was short on blood in the first place to need a transfusion so internally, one or more organs would already have been deteriorating. When the immune system kicks in to reject the fresh (incompatible) blood, it works by causing your blood to clot to prevent the foreign blood cells from reaching any organs. (Blood clotting is when your blood 'dries up' and stops flowing, like when a cut you get stops bleeding and dries up.) Due to the large amount of transfused blood in the system, the sheer extent of blood clotting involved will prevent enough normal blood reaching one's critical organs, they will all start to fail faster, leading to an untimely demise."
] |
[
11
] |
[
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
7gmm27
|
How do Wind Turbines work and how do they compare to other sources of producing electricity?
|
Engineering
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"dqk4ac1",
"dqk3wut"
] |
[
"Pretty much all generators use the same principle. **Magnet** \\+ **copper coils** \\+ **motion** \\=\\ #electricity. The differences between how the electricity is generated comes from the motion part of the equation. The largest turbines put out around 1000 megawatts and are fueled by natural gas. A single wind turbine puts out less than 1/100th of that volume of electricity, but the fuel cost is zero."
] |
[
7
] |
[
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
9eohp6
|
Futures and Options.
|
I've been learning about them but still can't figure in simple terms, especially Options.
|
Economics
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"e5qay4q"
] |
[
"Futures: We sign an agreement that I buy your stuff Y months from now for the price of $X dollars. Options: We sign an agreement for me to decided whether or not I want to use a futures contract upon the date Y months from now. Because of this luxury I'll have to pay a fee to compensate you even if I don't buy your stuff. Different options: Call options are the option for me to buy a stock or commodity (easy to remember because it starts with \"C\" which is very close to the letter \"B\"). Compared to a put option which is the option to sell (easy to remember because it starts with \"P\" which is close to the letter \"S\"). Specific Example of Call Option: I'm debating whether or not I want to buy Apple stock (currently $217), but want to see how the market plays out before I do. So I go to you and ask for a Call option. I think the price of the stock will raise a bit, but I'm not sure by how much. So we create a deal that says in 3 months from now I reserve the right to buy an Apple stock from you for $220, regardless of the current market price. However if I don't want to buy it from you I don't have to. You charge me $10 for this convenience and we go along our way. 3 Months from now we have a few options of scenarios. The stock price is above $220, at which point I would exercise the option, meaning even though the price is $250 for everyone else I can still purchase it for $220 per our above agreement. If the stock is below $220 I will decide not to exercise our agreement since why would I pay you $220 for something I can currently buy for $200? In terms of profit, we will make money if the stock is above $230, because of the agreed price added to the contract price ($220+$10). If it's $235 we effectively paid $230 for something that is worth $5 more. If the price is $225, we end up losing $5 since it still makes sense to exercise the option, but it's less than the cost of the contract. If the price is anything below $220 we just lose $10, which is nice since that's the most amount of money we can possible lose out on."
] |
[
10
] |
[
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
iavl42
|
What is the problem with mail in voting?
|
Other
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"g1qz7oh",
"g1r05qt"
] |
[
"Republicans want to disrupt it because a lot of poor black and other ethnic minority and rural voters use it, not having the means to get to a polling station in person - and most of them are likely to vote for teh Democrats. So it's just more dirty tricks from the GOP."
] |
[
12
] |
[
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
9gohpe
|
How come if I freeze yogurt it doesn't taste the same as frozen yogurt products?
|
Chemistry
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"e65nnap",
"e65qds2",
"e661kt1",
"e6632hx"
] |
[
"Frozen yogurt needs to be stirred as it freezes, so that air bubbles get trapped inside. That's how you get the light texture. If you have a home ice cream maker, you can make your own frozen yogurt with nothing other than store-bought yogurt."
] |
[
95
] |
[
[],
[],
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
a0vyew
|
Definition of a parsec for an amateur astronomer
|
Physics
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"eaks5a6",
"eakslvz"
] |
[
"3.26 light-years or the distance of an object where the orbit of the Earth around the sun creates a visual **P**arallax of one **ar**c**sec**ond Parallax is the difference in apparent position of an object viewed from two different spots like how an object shifts a bit when you look out just your left eye is just your right eye. You can measure the difference in the angle when seen from both spots to determine the parallax angle. The smaller this angle the further away an object is(this is how we tell distance with our eyes at short to medium range) For a Parsec, these two measurements are opposite sides of the sun, exactly 2 AU(Earth's orbital diameter) apart. If you can set the angle difference between these two measurements to be 1 arc second then they're focused on an object 1 Parsec away (~3.26 ly)"
] |
[
27
] |
[
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
5m9ve2
|
When you have a cold, why do your symptoms feel worse right after you wake up?
|
Biology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"dc25lx8",
"dc23vyd"
] |
[
"This is similar to a previous topic, except [this ELI5]( URL_1 ) was saying you'd feel worse at night due to your cortisol levels dropping, which is what [this article describes.]( URL_0 ) Basically your cortisol peaks during the day and therefore your body is not actively fighting off infections or viruses, so you feel better. At night the cortisol drops and your white blood cells begin attacking your illness... so you experience a fever, headache, and other symptoms of your immune system going to work. In the morning, your body has been fighting illness all night so your face is plugged up, you're dehydrated, and you're having to get up and move around after lying down for hours, and it's unpleasant. Chances are you didn't sleep very well, and this will make you feel worse. So it's a combination of your horizontal position, combined with a restless sleep and an active immune system that makes your cold symptoms feel worse in the morning."
] |
[
23
] |
[
[
"http://www.intercoastalmedical.com/Blog/TabId/33253/PostId/2738/why-do-you-feel-sicker-at-night",
"https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1taxui/when_we_are_sick_why_do_we_feel_worse_at_night/"
],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
gisuh3
|
How is Nintendo Switch emulation already so smooth when systems like N64 and Saturn still have issues?
|
Technology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"fqgnks8",
"fqhau7i",
"fqhi4bp",
"fqhlxz6"
] |
[
"The switch uses a pretty well documented SoC (Tegra X1), the operating system is FreeBSD based and borrows some components from Android, and the OS also shares code with the 3dS system software. So there are a lot of knowns to work with. The Saturn and n64, on the other hand, utilized custom chips and black magic."
] |
[
97
] |
[
[],
[],
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
6hpeuj
|
how cells can die if they go through mitosis.
|
Biology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"dj036ws"
] |
[
"Mitosis is a pretty complicated process where things can go wrong. Within a cell undergoing mitosis, it can detect if something goes wrong in a step and basically signal itself to undergo apoptosis (programmed suicide). When apoptosis is signaled, the cell undergoes a series of changes to die out with minimal impact to its surroundings. In certain types of cancers, these checks end up faulty which can result in uncontrolled mitosis to form tumors."
] |
[
3
] |
[
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
8c3zbj
|
How do extremely popular sites that host illegal downloading of media stay afloat for years and manage to make money off of ads without any issues?
|
Other
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"dxbxtry",
"dxbwwoa"
] |
[
"It's usually not worth the effort to take them down. Illegal downloads often actually increase sales, most people who pirate something would never have bought it - they only downloaded it because it was available for free. Now they may buy it or talk to someone else about it, like so many people did with Game of Thrones and HBO service."
] |
[
5
] |
[
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
9t0dpg
|
Topological dimension of a Koch snowflake
|
I was reading about fractals and the book said a fractal is an object whose fractal dimension exceeds its topological dimension. But I do not understand why a koch snowflake has a **topological** dimension of 1 and not 2, like any other shapes with closed loops like a square, circle etc. I tried reading the wiki but didn't understand any of it. Can anyone explain this to me like I am 5? & #x200B; PS: Sorry if its a stupid question
|
Mathematics
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"e8st0ya",
"e8su6kr"
] |
[
"The topological dimension of a closed loop like a circle is 1. Topological dimensions don't care about the shape of the circle, it's more like asking \"how many numbers do I need to describe where something is on this object\". This is distinct from taking a flat surface whose outline is a circle, which requires 2 distinct coordinates to describe where a point is. It's like having a model train without any splits in the track. You only need to tell how far from the start the train has traveled to know where it is."
] |
[
9
] |
[
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
ih9xvt
|
What is the difference between a wifi router and a modem? What is LAN and WLAN? What are packets? What is ethernet?
|
Technology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"g2yvi4r",
"g2yvw20",
"g2ze74g"
] |
[
"- A modem transforms analog signal (the one in the cable that arrives to your house) into digital signal. Your wifi router is probably a modem as well. A wifi router is what lets you connect wirelessly to the network. - LAN is a network of computers that are physically close. WLAN is a LAN where those computers are connected wirelessly - A packet is a self-contained block of information that can be exchanged by devices - Ethernet is a (extremely common) protocol used to pass information through wired connection. Sometimes it refers to the ethernet cable, which is the one you probably use to connect to the router when you connect directly with a cable. Obviously this is an ELI5 so this is glancing over a lot of nuances"
] |
[
26
] |
[
[],
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
aa31o0
|
In the Apollo 13 mission, how did the command module become freezing in the return trip from the moon?
|
So in the Apollo 13 movie, when returning from the moon, the crew has to turn off all of their equipment in order to conserve energy for the reentry, due to a lot of their fuel being vented. Now I'm not sure if this is just creative license in the movie to create more suspense, but my cursory knowledge of this is that it's incredibly hard to radiate heat away from objects in space for the most part just simply due to it being a void and there being nothing to convect the heat to apart from a small amount of solar wind on the scale of the space craft. So how did it get so cold in such a short time?
|
Technology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"ecokrax"
] |
[
"It's absolutely true that the command module reached temperatures not much above freezing after the equipment was shut off. You're correct that it's hard to radiate heat in space, but on the same hand, it's hard to absorb heat radiated from the sun (radiation is the only method of heat transfer in space as it does not require a medium). The equipment in the command module and lunar module generated a lot of heat, and the spacecraft were designed to dump this heat to keep the cabin temperature comfortable *with all of this equipment running*. With almost no heat-generating equipment on, it got very cold inside. This was exacerbated by the fact that for most of the return trip, the spacecraft was oriented in such a way so that all the windows were facing away from the sun, meaning there was no sunlight entering the cabin to warm anything."
] |
[
11
] |
[
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
g5pnn0
|
Why does hot/warm water freeze faster than cold water?
|
Chemistry
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"fo4u8m9"
] |
[
"There are several suggested explanations to the Mpemba Effect, tho we aren't entirely sure why at this time URL_0"
] |
[
4
] |
[
[
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mpemba_effect"
]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
7fyl18
|
With all of the pyramid schemes, or simply scams disguised as a job (receive and resend packages, etc.), how exactly can you determine the real career opportunities to the schemes?
|
Other
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"dqf9qmf",
"dqfa2vn",
"dqf9ug0"
] |
[
"It's a real job if you actually get paid a salary. It's a real job if you make money by doing your job, not by recruiting more people. It's a real job if you don't have to pay in order to be hired."
] |
[
19
] |
[
[],
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
l8i576
|
what is Heterogeneous computing ?
|
Technology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"gld0si8",
"gldeihu"
] |
[
"Imagine you and your friend wants to solve some complex problem, like a really difficult quadratic equation with many many terms. With regular computing, your friend is your classmate, skilled at about the same things you are; be it rearranging equations, or doing arithmetic. But the key factor is, that the two of you are both good only at one of the tasks, and mediocre at the other. So you two might have a really good start rearranging the equation to solve for x. But what happens now, is that on one side you have x, and the other side is some complex expression, with large divisions and square roots. This is when things start to slow down. Because none of you are very good at doing arithmetic, progress gets much slower. Now let's consider if instead of rearranging, the two of you were only good at arithmetic. You would struggle for hours trying to solve for x, so that's no good either. Now, with Heterogenous computing, you can instead bring along a friend from a different school, so they might have been learning some hardcore arithmetic while your class was busy with learning to solve equations. So in this scenario, your friend just watches as you rearrange the equation to solve for x, since they are not an algebra person. But when you're once again at the point of x at one side, and lots of arithmetic at the other, your friend can step in and crunch the numbers for you very efficiently! **In real world terms:** Conventional computing uses microprocessors of the same architecture, so they can only be really good at the same thing, but in heterogenous computing, you can employ\" application-specific instruction set processors\" for example. This might be any chip that's particularly good at one, but only one task: be it mining crypto or rendering images of fluffy bunnies. Or you could use a power-efficient mobile ARM processor while idling, only turning on the power-hungry x86 when some heavy computation is needed."
] |
[
5
] |
[
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
m3nrca
|
How are countries that have languages that depend on tone able to have a music industry?
|
This really may be an absolutely stupid question, but it’s been bugging me for a long time. Mandarin for instance is highly dependent on tone changes to say different words, but (pop)music takes away that ability because it takes away from the tune and melody. How does anybody make music that makes sense? Or can my western ears not pick up the small tonal changes they sing?
|
Other
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"gqpvtft",
"gqq2row",
"gqrlen3",
"gqrj3gi"
] |
[
"It varies based on the specific language or culture, but since you brought up Mandarin I'll just speak to that. In Mandarin, tonality is ignored in music. Native speakers can still understand it just fine based on the pronunciation and context, and it very rarely causes any kind of confusion. But Mandarin is pretty simple. Hmong, for example, has up to 8 tones, and when people write lyrics for the Hmong language they actually do still include tonality. That means the lyrics are usually written out before the melody is worked out, so you can compliment the melody to the tone. When you translate a song from a non-tonal language into a tonal-language, and you can't change the melody, you have to **severely** limit your vocabulary. The melody dictates the final syllable of every word, so you really have to do a lot of work to match the meaning and the melody."
] |
[
177
] |
[
[],
[
"https://www.thailanguagehut.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/Graph.jpg",
"https://youtu.be/o2bixTGPMJM?t=14"
],
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
6j0dfa
|
Why do some websites require credit card CVC and some do not at checkout?
|
Seems if someone could charge without it, why is it needed some places? What's more, why is it needed a'tall?
|
Technology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"djamjjf"
] |
[
"Fraud prevention. Asking for the CVC is a much stronger proof that the purchaser actually has the card in question. The three digits of the CVC you are talking about are not stored electronically on the card so it can't be skimmed. Far from a bullet proof security measure, but does add security for remote transactions such as online and avoids situations such as telephone operators asking for your PIN, which is the security measure for the card being present at the transaction."
] |
[
10
] |
[
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
87zdcg
|
do fat people die less fast of starvation than average weight people?
|
Biology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"dwgpbw8"
] |
[
"Technically yes. But aside from the energy the extra fat would provide, both people still need essential vitamins that the body would not provide solely from stored fat. When you stop eating, your body starts breaking down muscle as well, including the muscles required to keep vital organs working. So in reality, the person with more muscle mass would have a better shot at surviving longer from total starvation than just who has the most stored fat."
] |
[
4
] |
[
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
ffv5mj
|
What exactly is it about Sars-cov-2 that is causing the world's governments and disease organizations to respond the way they are? Is there a threshold in terms of morality or infection rate that triggers a response or is it that it's completely new with no evidence for treatments?
|
Other
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"fk0pzqi",
"fk0rgmr",
"fk0r713"
] |
[
"It's potential- the situation very easily could get worse as it is very contagious. It also has the ability to change, at this stage is unclear. Also can go unnoticed for a long time. People are not afraid of now- it's what it could be in the future."
] |
[
8
] |
[
[],
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
cm13oz
|
Why does salt water seem to promote healing? For example, most every search result for treating an infected ingrown toenail says to soak in warm water and Epsom salt. Why?
|
Biology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"evz6of9",
"evz8xd1",
"evzivhl",
"evzy23q",
"evzxkd2",
"evzqwkw",
"ew0bea8",
"evzur54",
"ew0s0w2",
"ew1ioo2"
] |
[
"It's a natural antiseptic. Salt water dries out bacteria because of osmosis, killing most of them."
] |
[
1036
] |
[
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[
"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1472650/",
"http://ispub.com/IJAPA/6/2/3399"
],
[],
[],
[
"https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marine_bacteriophage"
],
[
"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5579607/"
]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
kwhdh7
|
How do cameras work? How did someone figure out that you could capture an image on film?
|
Technology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"gj45r1n",
"gj45mvn"
] |
[
"Before we had plates to capture the image and keep it, there was something called a camera obscura, basically just a dark room or tent with a tiny hole. If done correctly, light shines through the hole and creates an image on the wall. The camera as we know it is kinda a shrunken version of this \"The History of Camera Obscura and How It Was Used to Create Art\" URL_0"
] |
[
3
] |
[
[
"https://mymodernmet.com/camera-obscura/"
],
[
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camera_obscura"
]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
iatuhx
|
How are documentaries filmed?
|
How do they set up so many high definition cameras and know where the animals will go?
|
Other
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"g1qpy4d"
] |
[
"Nature documentaries use a lot of editing tricks to make a narrative. What you see on screen as a 20 second clip of animal behavior with multiple camera angles following the action was likely made up of many clips cut from tens of hours of footage over multiple days or longer."
] |
[
10
] |
[
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
82kbnl
|
If a virus requires a living host to survive then how can viruses exist in the first place?
|
Biology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"dvaqixv",
"dvasxmf",
"dvawbxb"
] |
[
"The answer is not clear; as of now. One of the main theories is that viruses were originally alive but over time, they have devolved into needing a living host."
] |
[
11
] |
[
[],
[
"http://www.bms.ed.ac.uk/research/others/smaciver/Bacteria%20Inv.htm",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transformation_(genetics)"
],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
boz3aj
|
For languages that use characters (i.e. Mandarin, Cantonese, Korean, Japanese, etc.), do they have autocorrect on their phones? How are words misspelled? For reference I'm native English speaker.
|
Culture
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"enmlm1c",
"enmnnqu",
"enmrlf5",
"enmoxyo",
"enmq11l",
"enmwcvl",
"enmoul1"
] |
[
"Korean uses letters. Japanese uses a mix of letters and modified Chinese characters. Cantonese and Mandarin use the same written language: Chinese. There are multiple types of Chinese keyboards. The most common type requires typing out the phonetics of the characters you want. The keyboard then gives you a selection of characters to choose from. Typically, a typo involves selecting the wrong character."
] |
[
239
] |
[
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
8ttc7w
|
When watching football/soccer why can you hear the sound of the ball beeing kicked but not the players shouting/talking to eachother?
|
Technology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"e1a1rrv",
"e1a1b67",
"e1ajbbc"
] |
[
"The cocktail party effect: The cocktail party effect is the phenomenon of the brain's ability to focus one's auditory attention (an effect of selective attention in the brain) on a particular stimulus while filtering out a range of other stimuli, as when a partygoer can focus on a single conversation in a noisy room."
] |
[
10
] |
[
[],
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
kilg4r
|
Why mixing all the colours of paint makes brown, but mixing all the colours in light makes white?
|
Chemistry
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"ggrj5xz"
] |
[
"Paint colors things by subtracting light. The light hits the pigments, and all but the colors of the paint get absorbed. If you started with white and absorbed all the colors, you get black (which is just the absence of light)."
] |
[
12
] |
[
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
9cpbcm
|
Why do our eyes sometimes block out or not see something we're looking for, even though it's rignht in front of us?
|
*right not rignht
|
Biology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"e5cax3k",
"e5cgz87"
] |
[
"> Why do our eyes sometimes block out or not see something we're looking for, even though it's rignht in front of us? They don't. Because your eyes don't \"see.\" Nor does your tongue \"taste\" or your fingertips \"feel\" or your ears \"hear.\" Your sensory organs are just that -- organs. They don't have any more intelligence to them than your liver or your lungs. All of the information received from your sensory organs is processed by your brain. And your brain is remarkably good at filtering out sensory information that you don't need to be aware of. Think how frustrating and distracting it would be if you were always consciously aware of, say, the texture of the fabric of your clothes against every inch of your skin or you had to think about *everything* in your field of vision *other than* say this text you're currently reading on a screen. That stuff is irrelevant to what you're focused on so the brain filters it out of your sense of touch or vision or hearing or whatever. It's still there -- light is still reflecting off those objects and hitting your retina and twiddling your optic nerve. Your brain's just filtering out most of that information from your conscious attention. This is what's known as [selective filtering]( URL_0 ) or [selective attention]( URL_1 ), and it's super important to your functioning. So important that when there are *chronic* problems with it, it's usually a symptom of a mental disorder like schizophrenia. However, you can have acute issues with selective attention, usually just because your mind is focused elsewhere. When you are looking for your sunglasses and you find them on your face, it's usually because your mind wasn't *really* focused on finding your sunglasses, but probably on catching the bus or whatever was making you so frantic to find them in the first place. So your brain was filtering for some other problem (\"Catch the bus, dummy!\") instead of for what you were hoping it was filtering for (\"Where are the damn sunglasses?!\") Usually when you stop and focus your attention your brain re-filters the sensory input and you find the damn sunglasses sitting on your stupid face. \\**facepalm*\\* That's a simple ELI5 example, but of course your brain, your attention, and your consciousness are complex systems, so it's not *really* that simple."
] |
[
33
] |
[
[
"https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/brain-babble/201502/is-how-the-brain-filters-out-unimportant-details",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attentional_control"
],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
jscfrr
|
How do medicines like ibuprofen lower your body temperature?
|
Biology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"gbyh2bg",
"gbyl39n"
] |
[
"It depends on the specific class of medication. Ibuprofen is a NSAID, a class of medications that inhibit a specific enzyme in the body. This enzyme is key for setting off inflammatory reactions such as fever and swelling. By inhibiting it, those effects are reduced."
] |
[
5
] |
[
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
lf0xpw
|
If OLED Displays have near instant response times, then why aren't all OLEDs high refresh?
|
Technology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"gmjhybt"
] |
[
"a lack of processing power. OEMs tend to focus on post-processing of image quality and various audio tricks rather than the fastest refresh rate- doing so generally makes for a better TV experience for most people ...personally, I want to watch the news in 240Hz smoothness so I can respond quickly when [anchor A] is actually going 'back to you, [anchor B]'"
] |
[
3
] |
[
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
armpt8
|
How do we get weather data and how come it's so unreliable sometimes?
|
Technology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"ego7ocg"
] |
[
"It’s a very very complicated system. There is a network of weather reporting systems. Meteorologists take the information reported from those systems and plug those into simulations. Unfortunately weather is extremely sensitive to tiny differences in measurements. Imaging a simulation running on the real data and a simulation with a hundredth of a degree difference in temperature from one weather station: their predictions would look very different after a while, even though they were almost entirely the same at the beginning. Since no weather reporting system can be precise to the point that we would be able to perfectly report the weather, it still varies quite a lot from our forecasts. A whole lot of unpredictable things that the reporting systems can’t catch end up being very influential."
] |
[
3
] |
[
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
m1ofuo
|
Why do audio mixers have plugins labeled as multiple channels and how are they utilized?
|
I look at a 12 channel audio board and I see that there's only 2 inputs; one for channels 9/10 and another for 11/12. What is this and how is it utilized. Its also almost always a 6.5mm input so what does that mean? Thanks.
|
Technology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"gqer2fp"
] |
[
"The 9/10 and 11/12 inputs are TRS stereo 1/4\" inputs. TRS stands for tip-ring-sleeve and carries a stereo signal. A 6.5mm connector is a standard 1/4\" cable. Oldschool headphones used 1/4\" connectors, while new headphones use 1/8\" TRS connection. Does that answer your question?"
] |
[
4
] |
[
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
9irmi6
|
after 10 days of Hurricaine Florence, why are the rivers continuing to rise and crest bringing new flooding threats?
|
Other
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"e6ltd4f",
"e6lvmdb"
] |
[
"Because during that time, hurricane Florence dropped tons and tons and tons of water on the region and further inland. That water takes time to flow downhill into streams and out to the ocean. As it does so, it combines further downhill in ever greater quantities, rising the level of rivers as it flows to the ocean."
] |
[
12
] |
[
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
koqqkn
|
The "observe" part of the double slit experiment
|
I consider myself at least... Minorly able to read a newspaper digest about physics. And I've read about the double slit experiment. You have two slits in a piece of paper, fire electrons at them and they form wave patterns. "Observe" them and they act like particles and form particle patterns. Here's the the thing. Every single class, teacher, physicist I have known has said the same word. "Observe". But.... What does that *mean*? If I look at it? If I have a detector? What does the detector do? How do we know that isn't interfering with the particle? Why does this never seem to be extrapolated on and just that one fucking word pops up everywhere? Is it just a thought experiment? This had been driving me nuts, can someone explain?
|
Physics
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"ght3dza",
"ght3yla",
"ght8cgb"
] |
[
"The act of observation is *anything* that turns “possible” into “actual”. Any comparison between quantum scale and common human scales is littered with absurdity, but here goes. Say I've got one perfectly weighted dice in a black box, that I vigorously shake the box and wonder what number faces up on the dice. *Anything* that turns possibilities (a number from 1 to 6) into something actual (a 3 and nothing else) *is* an observation. Could be someone peeking inside the box. Could be a camera inside the box. Could be X-rays. From the moment it happens, it's not a possibility anymore, it's actual; even if it's someone else looking, and I don't know the value yet, it's a definite 3. As mentioned, this sounds like a trivial and pointless philosophical discussion (just like “If a tree falls in the forest and no one's around, does it make a sound?”), but in quantum physics (such as the double-slit experiment) this has important implications; the [Quantum Zeno effect]( URL_0 ) is a good illustration of observation greatly influencing an experiment."
] |
[
8
] |
[
[
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_Zeno_effect"
],
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
6p4ic6
|
If two identical cars, one 5 years old with 100k miles and one 10years old with 50k miles, were given the same price point, which would be the better buy?
|
Specifically, which is worse for wear and tear on a car: age or mileage.
|
Other
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"dkmi80q",
"dkmklwc"
] |
[
"it really depends how it has been treated and the quality of the car. some cars rust very quickly because they haven't been sealed or painted properly or have design issue. some have higher quality parts that will last longer for more distance. price is an important factor."
] |
[
7
] |
[
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
5t9ngp
|
Why Moor's law saying that amount of transistors will double every two years. And that is about how it goes. Why it is so linear?
|
Engineering
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"ddl6y7g",
"ddl67ag"
] |
[
"The processor industry chose to use Moore's law as a goal to achieve, so they managed to achieve it. By doing so they are able to design chips and circuits knowing how many transistors they will have available before the technology to make that circuit exists. There's no actual law, it's just what the industry has strived for. That being said, Moore's law is soon to meet it's end. We are running into physical limits, as in transistors are reaching the size of dozens of atoms, and we can only get so much smaller. Advancements will shift to new materials allowing faster clockspeeds, more efficient circuit designs, etc."
] |
[
6
] |
[
[],
[
"http://www.investopedia.com/terms/m/mooreslaw.asp"
]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
i84s5h
|
Why do people say it's bad when you sleep during the day (and stay up all night) if you're still getting plenty of sleep?
|
Is it because it doesn't fit in with most work schedules?
|
Biology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"g164mgn",
"g164kdt"
] |
[
"It doesn't fit with most people's schedules, especially when they depend on you or your schedule creates a conflict."
] |
[
14
] |
[
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
850884
|
How were the first perfect objects manufactured? First straight piece, first perfect circle, first perfect sphere, first perfectly straight sword, etc.?
|
As the title says. Thank you!
|
Engineering
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"dvu7huo"
] |
[
"There's no such thing as a \"perfect object.\" In fact, we use a concept called \"significant figures\" to tell you how confident we are about a measurement. For example, if I say something is 100.00 meters long. That actually means that object is 100.00 +/- 0.01 meters long. So it could be 99.99 m to even 100.01 m. A perfect object would have an infinite amount of significant figures. This is completely impossible, absolutely everything we will have some estimation to it. Even with modern technology, your measurements aren't perfect. They are so good it doesn't really matter, but they aren't perfect."
] |
[
3
] |
[
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
5rnvur
|
Where did the first viruses come from?
|
I'm sure there are many theories on this, but I'm only interested in mainstream ones.
|
Biology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"dd8v3fe"
] |
[
"Honestly? We don't really know. Viruses are weird little things. We still can't even agree if they are alive. Unlike bacteria, which we can find fossils of, we can't really find fossils of viruses. Plus viruses can be difficult to locate even in living creatures, they are tricky things. Probably the most widely accepted theory is that viruses were once bits of a cell's DNA that somehow became independent. Bacteriophages (viruses that affect bacteria) are very similar to viruses that attack eukaryotic organisms, which indicates a common ancestor. There are many many theories, and I honestly don't know when, if ever, we'll get a definitive answer."
] |
[
3
] |
[
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
60gau1
|
What is the physiological reason behind being "hangry," and why does it seem to affect women more than men?
|
Repost
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"df64dln"
] |
[
"I have to carry around a secret stash of snacks for when my girlfriend starts snapping at me."
] |
[
5
] |
[
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
eb5629
|
Why can’t countries with high-valued yet cheap currencies (Eg: 1400 Iraq dinar~1 US dollar) simply remove those zeros?
|
Economics
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"fb26l8s"
] |
[
"Countries do in fact do just that on occasion. France took two zeroes off the Franc about 50 years ago."
] |
[
4
] |
[
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
5p31p1
|
Bankruptcy
|
* What exactly is bankruptcy? At what point is a person/organisation considered bankrupt? * Why must a person declare if he is bankrupt? * Why do employers tend to avoid hiring people who have declared bankruptcy? * How does one realistically recover from being bankrupt?
|
Economics
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"dco0qm0",
"dco6wth"
] |
[
"> What exactly is bankruptcy? At what point is a person/organisation considered bankrupt? A person/organization is pretty much bankrupt when debts and obligations to other people *dwarf* the amount of income being brought in. Basically, a person is bankrupt if they owe $70K in unsecured debt and liabilities (credit card + hospital bills), are currently laid off, and can barely feed themselves daily. > Why must a person declare if he is bankrupt? Because the law demands it! If there was no such thing as bankruptcy, people could just say \"cannot afford to pay ya, so piss off\". By saying you're bankrupt and declaring it, you're legally saying you're broke, going to prove that you're broke in court, and get protections by the government that allow you to stop being harassed by creditors. By going through the difficult process of bankruptcy, you're proving to your creditors that you really have nothing to give them (in hopes that you could work out a better deal *or* discharge all of the debt) > Why do employers tend to avoid hiring people who have declared bankruptcy? Bankruptcy happens for a variety of reasons, but a lot of it has to do with the stigma - you filed for bankruptcy? You're financially irresponsible, and probably are irresponsible at work as well. > How does one realistically recover from being bankrupt? Much like losing weight, it's a long and slow process. Often times, it involves getting credit cards with low limits and high rates, and slowly starting the process of earning trust back from creditors. As a person who filed for bankruptcy, my first *two years* sucked. My credit limit was $150."
] |
[
9
] |
[
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
6wbpfw
|
How do live YouTube streams of TV shows get away with it?
|
I've spent all day binge watching live YouTube streams of South Park, Family Guy and American Dad on my TV and it's been great But I've been wondering how these streams survive considering that when full episodes of TV shows are uploaded to YouTube they are always quickly removed due to copyright.
|
Technology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"dm6t1fu",
"dm6wcv4",
"dm6ts7e",
"dm7b6g9"
] |
[
"Because streams cannot be easily automatically processed by Youtube's ContentID system. Someone would have to report the stream to the copyright holder, then they would have to contact Youtube to shut down the stream."
] |
[
88
] |
[
[],
[],
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
7cu3g8
|
how, in cases such as schizophrenia, does the brain create such realistic audible and visual hallucinations while the person is conscious?
|
Biology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"dpspft8",
"dptefkk",
"dpstjc6"
] |
[
"When we hear or see things, it's really just our brain interpreting the electrical activity of neurons caused by vibrations (sound) or radiation (light). Our brains are really good at creating its own electrical activity to transmit data between parts of the brain (this is what seizures are), so it makes sense that some people would experience hallucinations while under the effects of certain drugs or mental illnesses (like schizophrenia, in which certain parts of the brain may not be communicating correctly between each other). Hell, \"thinking\" is halfway there to a full hallucination. We can conjure images, sounds, even videos in our mind without any effort at all. It's just that in the brain of a schizophrenic, those subconscious efforts are difficult or impossible to distinguish from reality."
] |
[
14
] |
[
[],
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
jc183w
|
how does our body to know how much blood it should produce? How does it know if we lost an arm or leg?
|
Hi, I want to know how our body knows how much blood to produce? How our body determine that we need less blood after loosing an arm or leg for example? Or it doesn't know and just keep the same amount of blood? And what happens if for example you loose a limb is it possible to re conect it? Sorry for bad english.
|
Biology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"g8ypj77"
] |
[
"Your kidneys have cells that can detect hypoxia and blood pressure. When your blood oxygen is too low, these cells release a protein signal called erythropoietin, which travels to your bone marrow through the blood stream and triggers stem cells to become red blood cells. If your blood pressure is too low, your kidneys release a protein called renin, which indirectly causes your veins to contract and your kidneys to secrete less water into your bladder. Both of these systems work the exact same way in a person who has an amputation and permanently lost some of their total blood volume. If their blood pressure or blood oxygen is too low, the kidneys secrete signals that compensate. Over time, this equilibrates to a 'steady state' where their blood pressure and % of red blood cells are the same as before their amputation. A lot of biological systems operate based on [feedback loops]( URL_0 ). These systems can push themselves back towards a normal output even when variables like total blood volume are rapidly disrupted."
] |
[
11
] |
[
[
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feedback"
]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
ijhae4
|
How do frogs just show up seemingly out of no where when you leave something full of water
|
Biology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"g3e8ban",
"g3esy72",
"g3eg4yi",
"g3ez3f9",
"g3fa234"
] |
[
"My dad once said that water birds sometimes transport fish and frog eggs from one pond to another as they stop by them looking for food. The eggs stick to their feet as they wade through the shallows, then are carried to the next body of water."
] |
[
22
] |
[
[],
[],
[],
[],
[
"https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spontaneous_generation"
]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
gxs6ps
|
Why do so few foods have Potassium?
|
Biology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"ft4xnrn"
] |
[
"Lots of foods have potassium in, but people aren’t as good at getting a balanced diet or a diet that doesn’t rely largely on processed foods as they think they are."
] |
[
7
] |
[
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
nsk0rk
|
Why do your joints ache when you have the flu?
|
Biology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"h0mw83g",
"h0n7rfu"
] |
[
"Tissues in the joints tend to inflame when you're sick. Those inflamed tissues are now under more pressure than they should be, which causes the pain. The inflammation is a side effect of proteins our white blood cells produce in order to fight infection. Our own tissue also reacts somewhat negatively to it."
] |
[
14
] |
[
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
bau58n
|
If I hire a cleaner, is one person working for one hour the same as two people working for half an hour each? What about 60 people working for a minute each? What are the limiting factors?
|
Other
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"ekdzaqg"
] |
[
"Limitations are around skills for each worker, work organization, available space. The more people you add, the more people you need to manage. At one point, way before 60, the effort to manage these people will be superior to the initial work intended. [edit for clarity]"
] |
[
9
] |
[
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
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