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beijing — a hollywood vision of the future is testing the chinese government’s preference for a piece of the country’s past.
confronted with a clamor of ticket-buyers for “avatar” and sparse audiences for the domestic film “confucius,” chinese authorities appeared to have backpedaled this week on a decision to pull “avatar” from the nation’s 2-d movie screens in favor of “confucius.”
zhang hongsen, the vice director of the film bureau of the state administration of radio, film and television, said last week that avatar would be limited to 3-d and imax screens after “confucius” opened on jan. 22 on 2-d screens, according to the news agency xinhua. but 2-d showings of “avatar” have continued at some theaters outside beijing this week, theater employees and officials said.
in shanghai, an official with the biggest local cinema chain told fans not to worry that they would miss “avatar” because of state-imposed restrictions. wu hehu, a senior manager for the chain, shanghai united circuit, told a shanghai daily newspaper that its theaters would continue to show “avatar” on both 3-d and 2-d screens.
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china tries to nurture its domestic film industry by severely restricting the number of foreign movies allowed into theaters and the lengths of their runs. but the decision to limit “avatar,” the highest-grossing film of all time, has stirred up criticism of the state’s interference with market preferences.
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“i thought it was a bad move and also a bit stupid,” said stephen teo, an associate professor of broadcast and cinema studies at nanyang technological university in singapore. if authorities were worried about “avatar” competing with “confucius,” he said, they should have delayed the opening of “confucius” until “avatar” crowds thinned.
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mˈjuzɪk həz ˌəndərˈgɔn ˈmɛni ˈfɔrˌmæt ˈʧeɪnʤɪz ˈoʊvər ðə jɪrz, bət ˈrɛrli dɪz ɔn oʊld fɔrm ˈɛvər kəm bæk tɪ ˈprɑmənəns. ðæts ɪgˈzæktli wət həz ˈhæpənd ɪn ˈrisənt jɪrz, ˌhaʊˈɛvər, wɪθ ə nu ˌʤɛnərˈeɪʃən əv mˈjuzɪk ˈləvərz ˈlæʧɪŋ ˈɔntu ˈvaɪnəl ˈrɛkərdz ənd ðə wɔrm saʊnd ðeɪ prəˈvaɪd. fər tɔp 'ɛs ˈbɪli ˈgɪbɪnz ðət ˌfæsəˈneɪʃən ˈnɛvər lɛft. ðə ˌgɪˈtɑrɪst tɛlz gɪˈtɑr wərld "ðə ˈrɔnɪs ənd ðə ˈrɪʧnəs əv mˈjuzɪk ɔn ˈvaɪnəl ˈɔlˌmoʊst wɛnt əˈweɪ, bət ɪt stɪl simz tɪ bi ɔn ə lɔt əv ˈreɪˌdɑr, ənd fər gʊd ˈrizən. ɪt dɪz ˈsəmθɪŋ ˈdɪfərənt ðən mɔr ækˈsɛsəbəl minz əv mˈjuzɪk pleɪɪŋ, laɪk pleɪərz ənd ˈdaʊnˌloʊdz ənd ˈwətˌnɑt. ju gɪt ɪn frənt əv ðiz ɑrˈkeɪɪk kənˈtræpʃənz ðət goʊ ənd. ˈmɛzmərˌaɪzɪŋ, nɑt ˈoʊnli tɪ lʊk æt bət tɪ sɪt bæk ənd ɪkˈspɪriəns." ˈgɪbɪnz sɪz hiz bɪn ən ˈævɪd ˈvaɪnəl kəˈlɛktər ˈoʊvər ðə jɪrz, ˈivɪn wɪn ɪt fɛl aʊt əv ˈfæʃən, ənd həz əˈmæst kwaɪt ə kəˈlɛkʃən. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, hi dɪd hæv wən ˈɪnsədənt ðət ˈɔlˌmoʊst waɪpt aʊt ə bɪg pɑrt əv hɪz ˈlaɪbrɛˌri. "ɪt hæd tɪ bi ˈrɛskjud. wi wər ɪn ˈɪŋglənd ənd aɪ wɑz ˈnoʊtəˌfaɪd tɪ kɔl maɪ əˈsɪstənt, dɪˈnis. ʃi sɛd, 'wɛl, bɪn ə hɔˈrɪfɪk ˈreɪnˌstɔrm ənd ðət flæt rʊf əv jʊr ˈkɑndoʊ sprəŋ ə lik. aɪ wɑz riˈtrivɪŋ ðə meɪl ənd aɪ sɔ ˈsəmθɪŋ ðət lʊkt laɪk ə ˈgɑrdən hoʊz spreɪɪŋ streɪt ˈɪntu ðə rum.' ʃi kɔld ðə ˈhændiˌmæn ənd ðeɪ wər ˈeɪbəl tɪ pʊt ðə ˈvæljəbəlz əˈsaɪd, bət pɑrt əv ðə reɪn wɛnt raɪt ˈɪntu ə ˈkɑləm əv ˈvaɪnəl." ˈgɪbɪnz sɪz hi wɑz ˈləki ðət ˈwɔtər ˈdəzənt hərt ˈvaɪnəl, bət ðə ˈkəvərz ðət haʊzd ðə ˈvaɪnəl bɪˈgæn tɪ moʊld ənd hɪz ˈsɛkrəˌtɛri θru ðɛm aʊt. hi ædz, "ɪt wɑz ʤɪst wən ˈkɑləm [əv ˈrɛkərdz], bət ɪt ˈhæpənd tɪ bi ə ˈkɑləm əv ˈfeɪvərɪts. aɪ ˈɔrdərd əp ə bənʧ əv pleɪn waɪt slivz tɪ pʊt ðɛm ɪn ənd ðeɪ wər faɪn."
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music has undergone many format changes over the years, but rarely does on old form ever come back to prominence. that's exactly what has happened in recent years, however, with a new generation of music lovers latching onto vinyl records and the warm sound they provide. for zz top 's billy gibbons , that fascination never left.
the guitarist tells guitar world , "the rawness and the richness of music on vinyl almost went away, but it still seems to be on a lot of people’s radar, and for good reason. it does something different than more accessible means of music playing, like mp3 players and downloads and whatnot. you get in front of these archaic contraptions that go ’round and ’round. mesmerizing, not only to look at but to sit back and experience."
gibbons says he's been an avid vinyl collector over the years, even when it fell out of fashion, and has amassed quite a collection. however, he did have one incident that almost wiped out a big part of his library. "it had to be rescued. we were in england and i was notified to call my assistant, denise. she said, 'well, there’s been a horrific rainstorm and that flat roof of your condo sprung a leak. i was retrieving the mail and i saw something that looked like a garden hose spraying straight into the room.' she called the handyman and they were able to put the valuables aside, but part of the rain went right into a column of vinyl."
gibbons says he was lucky that water doesn't hurt vinyl, but the covers that housed the vinyl began to mold and his secretary threw them out. he adds, "it was just one column [of records], but it happened to be a column of favorites. i ordered up a bunch of plain white sleeves to put them in and they were fine."
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baɪ ðə rɪˈzəlts əv ðə ˈfɛbjəˌwɛri. 2 ɪˈlɛkʃənz ɪn ˈkɔstɑ ˈrikə fɛl laɪk ə ˈbəkɪt əv koʊld ˈwɔtər ɔn ðə lɛft ɪn ðə ˈsɛntrəl əˈmɛrɪkən ˈneɪʃən. ˈkɑnfədənt əv əˈʧivɪŋ æt list ə ˈfɪnɪʃ ðət wʊd ˈkɛri ðɛm tɪ ə ɪn ˈeɪprəl, ˌɪnˈstɛd ðə ˈkænədɪt əv ðə brɔd frənt, josé*é mərˈiə, keɪm ɪn θərd, ˈlivɪŋ ɪm aʊt əv ðə ˈrənɪŋ. əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ðə ˈfaɪnəl ˈtæli, rɪˈsivd ˈoʊnli əv ðə voʊt, kəmˈpɛrd tɪ fər ðə əˈfɪʃəl ˈkænədɪt, ˈʤɑni əraɪə əv ðə ˈnæʃənəl ˌlɪˌbərˈeɪʃən ˈpɑrti (pln*) ənd ə səˈpraɪzɪŋ fər ðə ˈkænədɪt əv ðə ˈsɪtɪzən ˈækʃən ˈpɑrti (pæk), luis gwɪˈljɛrmoʊ. ʤɪst wiks ˌbiˈfɔr ɪˈlɛkʃən deɪ, poʊlz ʃoʊd ɪn ðə lɛd, waɪl ˈbɛrli ˈfɪgjərd ɪn ðə ˌkɑmpəˈtɪʃən. hɪz ˈvɪktəri ʃʊk əp ˈkɔstɑ ˈrikən ˈpɑləˌtɪks. ɪn əˈnəðər ˌənɪkˈspɛktɪd muv, ɔn mɑrʧ 5 əraɪə wɪθˈdru frəm ðə sɛt fər ˈeɪprəl 6 ˈlivɪŋ ˈsoʊlɪs wɪθ ə streɪt ʃɑt tɪ ðə ˈprɛzɪdənsi. wi tɔkt tɪ mərˈiə, ˈlɛʤəsˌleɪtɪv ædˈvaɪzər tɪ ðə brɔd frənt ənd kəmˌjunəˈkeɪʃənz koʊˈɔrdəˌneɪtər fər kæmˈpeɪn, fər hər teɪk ɔn wət ˈhæpənd ənd wət ðə ɪˈlɛkʃənz min fər ðə fˈjuʧər əv ˈkɔstɑ ˈrikə. ɪz ə ˌpɑləˈtɪʃən, ˈæktɪvɪst ənd ˈfɛmənɪst. ʃi ˈɛmfəˌsaɪzd ðə ˈpɪtˌfɔlz əv ðə ɪˈlɛktərəl ˈprɔˌsɛs, əˈlɔŋ wɪθ ə ˈhɛlθi doʊs əv self-criticism*. lc*: stɑrt wɪθ ðə əˈblɪgəˌtɔri kˈwɛʃən: ðə rɪˈzəlts əv ˈfɛbjəˌwɛri. 2 wər ə səˈpraɪz, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ðə poʊlz. jʊr ˈrɛdɪŋ ɔn wət ˈhæpənd? mfe*: wi θɪŋk ðət ɪt hæd ə lɔt tɪ du wɪθ ðə fɪr kæmˈpeɪn lɔnʧt əˈgɛnst ðə brɔd frənt, ə kæmˈpeɪn beɪst ɔn traɪɪŋ tɪ ˈprɛzənt ˈjuˈɛs ɛz ə ˈkɑmjənəst ˈpɑrti, ə ˈpɑrti əˈgɛnst ˈfɔrən ˌɪnˈvɛstmənt, ənd ðət wɑz goʊɪŋ tɪ kloʊz daʊn ʤɑbz ənd ˈbɪznɪsɪz. ðɛr wər laɪk ˈeɪvɑn, ˈsəbˌweɪ ənd ˈəðər ˈkəmpəˌniz ðət ˈprɛʃərd ðɛr ɪmˈplɔɪiz tɪ voʊt əˈgɛnst ðə səˈprim ɪˈlɛktərəl trəˈbjunəl ˈivɪn ruld ɔn ðə ˈmætər, seɪɪŋ ɪt wɑz kraɪm bɪˈkəz ɪˈlɛkʃən lɔz proʊˈhɪbət θˈrɛtənɪŋ ər koʊəˈrsɪŋ ˈwərkərz tɪ voʊt ər nɑt voʊt ɪn ə ˌpɑˈtɪkjələr weɪ. ðɛr wɑz ə ˈbɪznɪs kæmˈpeɪn ɪn səm ˈsɛktərz əˈgɛnst ðə ˈkænədɪt əv ðə brɔd frənt. ðɛn ðɛr wɑz ˈɔlsoʊ ə kæmˈpeɪn ɔn ðə pɑrt əv ðə ˈkæθlɪk ənd ˌivænˈʤɛlɪkəl ˈʧərʧɪz, tɪ ðə pɔɪnt əv ˈkɔlɪŋ ɔn ˈpipəl nɑt tɪ voʊt fər ˈpɑrtiz ðət, textually*, abortion”*”. ˈsəmθɪŋ ðət ˈɑbviəsli ðə brɔd frənt dɪz nɑt du, abortion”*”, bət jɛs, fər ɪgˈzæmpəl, ɪn ɪts ˈplætˌfɔrm ɪt kɔlz fər meɪnˈteɪnɪŋ ðə ˈkɑrənt ˌlɛʤəsˈleɪʃən ðət əˈlaʊz əˈbɔrʃən ɪn ðə keɪs əv ˈdeɪnʤər tɪ ə laɪf ənd ˈɔlsoʊ fər ˈoʊpənɪŋ dɪˈskəʃən ɔn wət tɪ du ɪn ˈkeɪsɪz wɛr ə ˈwʊmən hu wɑz reɪpt əˈbɔrts, bɪˈkəz ˈkərəntli ˈpənɪʃt wɪθ ˈprɪzən. ðɛr wɑz ə juʤ kæmˈpeɪn ˈkɔnsənˌtreɪtɪd ɔn ðiz ˈɪʃuz ənd ðət əˈfɛktɪd ˈjuˈɛs. wi ˈɔlsoʊ meɪd səm mɪˈsteɪks. wət ˈhæpənd ɪz ðət ɪn spaɪt əv ðə poʊlz ðət ˈɔlˌweɪz pleɪst ˈjuˈɛs ɪn fərst ər ˈsɛkənd pleɪs ənd goʊɪŋ ˈɪntu ðə ˈsɛkənd raʊnd, ɪn ɔl ðə poʊlz ðɛr wɑz ˈɔlˌweɪz ə lɑrʤ ˈnəmbər əv ˌəndɪˈsaɪdɪd ˈvoʊtərz. ənd ɪn ðə læst strɛʧ əv ðə kæmˈpeɪn ðoʊz ˌəndɪˈsaɪdɪd ˈvoʊtərz ˈvoʊtɪd ɛn mæs fər ən ɔlˈtərnətɪv wɪθ ˈlɪtəl ˌvɪzəˈbɪlɪti, ˈsimɪŋli ˈlɪtəl səˈpɔrt, bət hu bɪˈgæn tɪ bi ˈspɑˌtlaɪtɪd baɪ ðə ˈmidiə ðət wər əˈgɛnst ðə brɔd frənt. fər ðɛm, ðə pæk wɑz ðə ˈlɛsər əv tu ˈivəlz. wi hæd kənˈsɪdərd ðə pæk ən ˈælaɪ fər biɪŋ ə prəˈgrɛsɪv ˈpɑrti ɪn səm rɪˈspɛkts, bət ɪn ðə læst strɛʧ ðeɪ ʤɔɪnd ðə əˈtæk əˈgɛnst ˈjuˈɛs, ɪn ðə seɪm sɛns ɛz ðə trəˈdɪʃənəl ˈpɑrtiz. ɔl ðiz ˈɛləmənts keɪm təˈgɛðər soʊ ðət ən ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt pɑrt əv ðə ɪˈlɛktərət wɛnt tɪ ðə pæk æt ðə læst ˈmɪnət. ˈivɪn soʊ, ðə rɪˈzəlt fər ðə brɔd frənt ɪz hɪˈstɔrɪk. ˈnɛvər həz ə ˈpɑrti əv ðə lɛft, prəˈgrɛsɪv, ˈfɛmənɪst, ðə aɪˈdɛntɪˌtiz əv ðə brɔd soʊ haɪ ə voʊt ənd ˈnɛvər ˌbiˈfɔr hæd ɪt wən naɪn sits ɪn ðə ˈlɛʤəsˌleɪʧər laɪk naʊ. lc*: bɪˈhaɪnd ðə wɪθˈdrɔəl əv ðə ˈkænədɪt əv ðə ˈnæʃənəl ˌlɪˌbərˈeɪʃən ˈpɑrti, əraɪə, frəm ðə ˌprɛzɪˈdɛnʃəl reɪs? mfe*: əraɪə ənd ðə əˈfɪʃəl ˈvərʒən ɪz ðət fɔr poʊlz ʃoʊd ðət ɪt wʊd bi ˈvɛri ˈdɪfəkəlt fər ɪm tɪ bit. ənd ðət ɪz ðə ˈrizən fər hɪz wɪθˈdrɔəl. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, aɪ θɪŋk ðət wɪθ ðɪs muv ðə ɪz ˈlʊkɪŋ tɪ əˈʧiv tu eɪmz: fərst, tɪ əˈvɔɪd, ˌɪnˈdid, ə ˈrɪli bæd rɪˈzəlt ɔn ˈeɪprəl 6 ðət wʊd pʊt ɪt ɪn ə pəˈzɪʃən əv ɪkˈstrim ˈwiknəs vɪs ə vɪs ˈəðər pəˈlɪtɪkəl ˈfɔrsɪz ənd, ˈsɛkənd, tɪ kənˈtrɪbjut tɪ ən ˌɪnˈkris ɪn əbˈstɛnʧən, wɪʧ ɪz ˈɔlˌweɪz ˈgreɪtər ɪn ðə, soʊ ðət ðə pæk wɪnz wɪθ ˈlɪtəl lɪˈʤɪtəməsi. ðət weɪ ðɛr wɪl ˈɔlˌweɪz bi ə daʊt əˈbaʊt haʊ məʧ səˈpɔrt ˈsoʊlɪs ˈrɪli həz ənd ˈɔlsoʊ haʊ məʧ ðə həz. ɪn ðət keɪs, ðə ˈoʊnli pɔɪnt əv ˈrɛfərəns ɔn ðə ˈpɑpjələr voʊt fər ðə ˈkænədɪts əv boʊθ ˈpɑrtiz wʊd bi ðə rɪˈzəlts əv ðə fərst raʊnd. aɪ θɪŋk ðɛr ər saɪnz, ˈɔlsoʊ, ðət ðə pæk ɪz ɪn ˌkɑnvərˈseɪʃənz wɪθ ðə fər wət ðeɪ kɔl ˈɔrdərli transition”*”. ðə həz sɛd ðət ɪt wɪl kəˈlæbərˌeɪt wɪθ ðə pæk ɪn ðə ˈlɛʤəsˌleɪtɪv əˈsɛmbli tɪ ˈfɔrwərd ə ˈnæʃənəl agenda”*”. ˈsərtən ɪz ðət bɪtˈwin ðə ənd ðə pæk ðɛr ər ə ˈsɪriz əv kloʊz taɪz ðət hæv ðɛr ˈɔrəʤən ɪn ðə fækt ðət ðə ˈlidərˌʃɪp əv ðə pæk, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ luis gwɪˈljɛrmoʊ ənd ɪts ˈfaʊndər, kəm frəm ðə. ɪn 2012 ðə pæk ˈɛnərd ˈɪntu ən əˈlaɪəns wɪθ ðə ɪn ðə ˈlɛʤəsˌleɪtɪv əˈsɛmbli tɪ pʊʃ θru ˈfɪskəl rɪˈfɔrm, tɪ gɪv ən ɪgˈzæmpəl. mɔr ənd mɔr klɪr ðət ɪn ðə ˈkəntri ðɛr ɪz ə strɔŋ dɪˈzaɪər fər ʧeɪnʤ, ənd ðət ðə ˈsədən raɪz əv ɛz ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnətɪv əv ðət ʧeɪnʤ ɪn ˌriˈæləˌti wɑz ən ˈifɛkt əv ðə fɪr kæmˈpeɪn əˈgɛnst ðə brɔd frənt. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ˈprɑbəbəl ðət ˈæftər ˈeɪprəl 6 ðə ɪkˈstɛnt əv ðə wɪl ənd kəˈpæsɪti fər ʧeɪnʤ wɪl ˈvɛri kˈwɪkli bi pʊt tɪ ðə tɛst. lc*: goʊ tɪ ðə kəmˌjunəˈkeɪʃənz ˈmidiə, wɪʧ hæd ə bɪg ˌɪmˈpækt ɔn ðiz ɪˈlɛkʃənz ənd həz bɪˈkəm ə ˈmeɪʤər pleɪər ɪn ɪˈlɛkʃənz əˈkrɔs ðə ˈkɑntənənt. wət roʊl dɪd ðə ˈmidiə pleɪ hir? mfe*: ðə mæs kəmˌjunəˈkeɪʃənz ˈmidiə pleɪd ə ˈvɛri ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt roʊl, ˈdrɑpɪŋ ɔl priˈtɛnsɪz ər ˈɪmɪʤɪz əv ˌʤərnəˈlɪstɪk ˌɑbʤɛkˈtɪvɪti. fər ɪgˈzæmpəl, ðeɪ pʊt əp ˈkəvərz priˈtɛndɪŋ tɪ bi nuz əˈgɛnst ðə brɔd frənt wɪθ θɪŋz ðət hæd noʊ nuz ˈvælju, laɪk ðeɪ ˈpəblɪʃt ən əˈpɪnjən ˈɑrtɪkəl əˈgɛnst ðə brɔd frənt ənd ðə ˌɪləˈstreɪʃən ðeɪ pʊt wɑz ə ʤaɪənt drɔɪŋ əv ðə ˈhæmər ənd ˈsɪkəl. tɪ ðə pɔɪnt wɛr ɪn ðə keɪs əv ðə ˈnuzˌpeɪpər lɑ, ðə stɑr ˌɪnˈvɛstəˌgeɪtɪv rɪˈpɔrtər əv ðə ˈpeɪpər, hu həz wən ˈmɛni ˈpraɪzɪz, rɪˈzaɪnd du tɪ ðə bɪˈheɪvjər ɪn ðɪs kæmˈpeɪn. trəˈdɪʃənəli, lɑ ˈpəblɪʃɪz ə ˈsərˌveɪ baɪ ə ˈkəmpəˌni kɔld, kənˈsɪdərd ðə moʊst ˈsɪriəs poʊl əv ðə ɪˈlɛktərəl ˈsizən. ðɪs taɪm ðeɪ rɪfˈjuzd tɪ ˈpəblɪʃ ðə rɪˈzəlts əv ðə læst poʊl ðət ʃoʊd ðət ðə brɔd frənt wʊd meɪk ɪt ˈɪntu ðə. ðɪs əˈkərd prɪˈsaɪsli ɪn ənd ðɛn lɑ ʤɔɪnd ə ˈwaɪdˈsprɛd ˈmidiə kæmˈpeɪn tɪ lɪft əp ðə ˈɪmɪʤ əv ðə pæk ənd ˈmɪnəˌmaɪz ðə brɔd ˈkænədɪt, ənd ðə pæk bɪˈgæn tɪ raɪz. ðə mæs ˈmidiə pleɪd ə trəˈdɪʃənəl kənˈsərvətɪv roʊl, əv rɪˈzɪstəns tɪ ʧeɪnʤ. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ðə ˈsoʊʃəl ˈnɛtˌwərks pleɪd ən ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt roʊl ɪn kəmˌjunəˈkeɪʃən ənd ˌɪnərˈækʃən tɪ dɪˈvɛləp ðə kæmˈpeɪn. ðət hɛlpt ɪn ðə groʊθ əv ðə brɔd frənt, wɪˈθaʊt ə daʊt. ɪf ðə ˈsoʊʃəl ˈnɛtˌwərks hæd nɑt ɪgˈzɪstəd ənd wi hæd tɪ rɪˈlaɪ ˈsoʊəli ɔn ðə ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən ˈgɪvɪn aʊt baɪ ðə mæs ˈmidiə, ˈprɑbəˌbli wi wʊd hæv hæd ə məʧ wərs rɪˈzəlt ɪn ðə ɪˈlɛkʃən. lc*: ˈkɔstɑ ˈrikə ɪn ðə læst fju jɪrz həz ʧeɪnʤd ɪts roʊl ɪn ðə wərld baɪ ˈoʊpənɪŋ ðə dɔrz tɪ ˈjuˈɛs ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri ˌɑpərˈeɪʃənz ɪn ðə wɔr ɔn drəgz ənd ˈsaɪnɪŋ fri treɪd tɪ cafta*, ðə ˌtrænspəˈsɪfɪk əˈlaɪəns. wər ðiz ˌʤioʊpəˈlɪtɪkəl ˈɪʃuz ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt ɪn ðə ɪˈlɛkʃənz ənd wət kən wi ɪkˈspɛkt ɪn ðə fˈjuʧər ɪn ðɪs ˈɛriə? mfe*: ɪn ˌriˈæləˌti, ɪt ə bɪg ˈɪʃu. ðə ˌtrænspəˈsɪfɪk ˈtriti ɪz ʤɪst naʊ bɪˈgɪnɪŋ tɪ bi ən ˈɪʃu sɪns ðə ˈprɛzɪdənt saɪnd ɔn ənd ˈhæpənɪŋ ɪz bɪˈgɪnɪŋ tɪ si ˌɑpəˈzɪʃən frəm pɑrts əv ðə ˈbɪznɪs ˈsɛktər, əˈspɛʃəli ðə ˈʧeɪmbər əv ˈɪndəstriz. ˈfɔrən dɪˈrɛkt ˌɪnˈvɛstmənt ɪn ˈkɔstɑ ˈrikə ˈʤɛnərˌeɪts ˈmɛni ʤɑbz, ˈfɔrməl ˈsɛktər ʤɑbz ðət ər wɛl peɪd ɪn kəmˈpɛrəsən tɪ ʤɑbz ɪn ðə ˌɪnˈtərnəl ˈmɑrkɪt. aɪ ə ə lɔt əv ˈpipəl ɪn ðə fri treɪd zoʊn ˈvoʊtɪd fər ðə pæk. bɪˈkəz ðə meɪn əˈbəv ðə rɪˈlɪʤəs ənd ˈkəlʧərəl ˈluzɪŋ jʊr ʤɑb ɪn ə ˈkəntri ðət həz haɪ ˌənɪmˈplɔɪmənt naʊ. ə ˈsɛnsɪtɪv θɪŋ tɪ θɪŋk ðət ˈfɔrən dɪˈrɛkt ˌɪnˈvɛstmənt, ˈbeɪsɪkli juz., kʊd fli. soʊ wɪθ ðə pæk, aɪ θɪŋk ðə ˌʤioʊˈpɑlətɪks əv ˈkɔstɑ ˈrikə wɪl ˈvɛri, ˈprɑbəˌbli ʤɪst si səm ˈmaɪnər əˈʤəstmənts. fər ɪgˈzæmpəl, ðeɪ prəˈpoʊzd tɪ pʊt ə nu tæks ɔn ðə fri treɪd zoʊn, bət wɪθ ðə kæmˈpeɪn ðeɪ wɛnt bæk ɔn ɪt. lc*: ju ˈmɛnʃənd ðət ðə brɔd frənt ɪz ə ˈfɛmənɪst ˈpɑrti ənd ˈɪʃuz əv raɪts keɪm aʊt ɛz pɑrt əv ðə fɪr kæmˈpeɪn əˈgɛnst ɪt. wət ˌɪmˈpækt wɪl ðə pəˈlɪtɪkəl ˈʧeɪnʤɪz hæv ɔn raɪts? mfe*: ɪn truθ, aɪ θɪŋk ɪt wɪl bi ˈvɛri ˈdɪfəkəlt, du tɪ ðə nu ˌkɑmpəˈzɪʃən əv ðə əˈsɛmbli baɪ ˈpɑrti. ðə brɔd frənt həz ˌɪnˈkrist ɪts ˈprɛzəns ˈeɪtˌfoʊld, bət ðə ˈprɑbləm ɪz ðət ˈivɪn wɪˈθɪn ðə brɔd frənt ðɛr ər ˈdɛpjətiz ðət ər kənˈsərvətɪv ɔn ˈɪʃuz əv ˈsɛkʃuəl ənd ˌriprəˈdəktɪv raɪts ənd ðə raɪts əv ˈpipəl. soʊ aɪ θɪŋk wi wɪl hæv ə mɔr ˈoʊpənli kənˈsərvətɪv əˈsɛmbli ðən ðə ˈpriviəs wən, bɪˈkəz ˈhævɪŋ brɔt ðiz ˈɪʃuz əp ɪkˈsplɪsətli ɪn dəˈbeɪt ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə kæmˈpeɪn ˈmoʊbəˌlaɪzd rɪˈlɪʤəs grups ənd ˈpipəl dəg ɪn. ˈkɔstɑ ˈrikən soʊˈsaɪɪti kənˈtɪnjuz tɪ bi ɪn ðə məˈʤɔrəti ˈvɛri kənˈsərvətɪv ɔn ðiz ˈɪʃuz. wɪˈθɪn ˈɛvəri ˈpɑrti, kənˈsərvətɪv θɔt ˈdɑməˌneɪts. ɪn ðə brɔd frənt, ɪf ɔl ðə ˈdɛpjətiz ˈæktɪd əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ðə ˈplætˌfɔrm, wɪʧ ɪz ðə kəˈmɪtmənt ðeɪ hæv wɪθ ˈvoʊtərz, ðeɪ ʃʊd ækt ɪn ˈfeɪvər əv raɪts ənd ˈjumən raɪts ɪn ˈʤɛnərəl. bət si haʊ səm əv ðə ˈdɛpjətiz ˈæˌkʧuəli bɪˈheɪv ɪn ˈpræktɪs. lc*: wət wɪl bi ðə meɪn ˈɪʃuz ðət kənˈfrənt ðə ˈkəntri, ɪn əˈdɪʃən tɪ ɪmˈplɔɪmənt? mfe*: aɪ θɪŋk ðət ðə ˈɪʃuz əv ˌɪnɪkˈwɑləti ənd ˈpɑvərti, ðət hæv groʊn wɪθ ðə dɪˈvɛləpmənt ˈmɑdəl əˈplaɪd ɪn ˈkɔstɑ ˈrikə fər ðə pæst ˈθərˌdi jɪrz. ˌbiˈfɔr ˈkɔstɑ ˈrikə wɑz ə mɔr ɪˌgæləˈtɛriən soʊˈsaɪɪti, wɪˈθaʊt ˈminɪŋ tɪ tɪ aɪˈdiəˌlaɪz ɪt, bət naʊ waɪl ɪn ˈəðər ˈkəntriz ɪn ˈlætən əˈmɛrɪkə laɪk pəru, ə ˈkəntri wɪθ haɪ ˌɪnɪkˈwɑləti bət ðət həz loʊərd ˈpɑvərti, ɪn ˈkɔstɑ ˈrikə ɪt həz ˈgɔtən wərs. ðə ˈmɛkəˌnɪzəmz fər ˈsoʊʃəl moʊˈbɪlɪti ðət ˈpərˌmɪt mɔr ɪkˈwɑləti əv ˌɑpərˈtunətiz fər ðə ˈpipəl hæv bɪn dɪsˈmænəld. ˈpɑvərti ɪz ˈtɛndɪŋ tɪ ɪz ən ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt ˈsɛktər əv hoʊmz ɔn ðə ɛʤ əv ˈpɑvərti, ənd ɪf ˌɪnˈfleɪʃən ˌɪnˈkrisɪz ðeɪ wɪl kˈwɑləˌfaɪ ɛz pur. soʊ ðə ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk ˌsɪʧuˈeɪʃən əv ˈpɑvərti ənd ˌənɪmˈplɔɪmənt ɪz ðə meɪn ˈprɑbləm ðət wɪl kənˈfrənt ðə ˈkəntri. ɪf ðɛr ðə wɪl tɪ səˈpɔrt ðə dəˈmɛstɪk ˈmɑrkɪt, tɪ kriˈeɪt ʤɑbz ɪn smɔl ənd ˈmidiəm ənd lɑrʤ ˈkəmpəˌniz ɪn ðə dəˈmɛstɪk ʤɪst ˈfɔrən dɪˈrɛkt wɪl bi ə lɔt əv ˈkɑnflɪkt. lc*: wət wɪl bi ðə nɛkst stɛp, nɑt ˈoʊnli fər ðə brɔd frənt ðət həz ɪts ˈlɛʤəsˌleɪtɪv wərk, bət ˈɔlsoʊ fər ðə ˈsoʊʃəl ˌɔrgənəˈzeɪʃənz ðət ˈmoʊbəˌlaɪzd ɪn ðə ˈkɑntɛkst əv ðə ɪˈlɛkʃənz? mfe*: ɪn ˈʤɛnərəl, aɪ θɪŋk ɪt wɪl bi ˈdɪfəkəlt bɪˈkəz wi hæv ə ˈvɛri ˈdɛləkət ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk ɪnˈvaɪrənmənt, wɪθ haɪ ˌənɪmˈplɔɪmənt ənd ðə floʊ əv dɪˈrɛkt ˈfɔrən ˌɪnˈvɛstmənt həz drɑpt. soʊ ðət wɪl min ðət ˈpipəl ˈwəri ə lɔt əˈbaʊt ˈluzɪŋ ðɛr ʤɑbz. aɪ θɪŋk ðɛr wɪl bi mɔr kənˈsərvəˌtɪzəm ɪn ðə ˈlɛʤəsˌleɪʧər. maɪ meɪn kənˈsərn ɪz ðət ðə pæk traɪz tɪ rɪˈdus ˈpəblɪk ɪmˈplɔɪmənt, wɪʧ ɪz ə sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt dɪˈmænd əv ðə ˈbɪznɪs ˈsɛktər ənd ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl ˌɔrgənəˈzeɪʃənz. ðə pæk ɪz ən ənˈnoʊn həz ən ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt kənˈsərvətɪv ənd trəˈdɪʃənəl ˈsɛktər ɪn ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪks ənd ˈkəlʧərəl ˈɪʃuz ənd ɪt ˈɔlsoʊ həz ə mɔr prəˈgrɛsɪv ˈsɛktər. bət aɪ θɪŋk ðə mɔr prəˈgrɛsɪv pɑrt ɪz ðə məˈnɔrəti. aɪ θɪŋk ɪt wɪl bi ə hɑrd taɪm fər ðə ˈmuvmənts, aɪ ˌɪˈmæʤən ðət ɪt goʊɪŋ tɪ bi mɔr ˈstrəgəl ənd mɔr ˌkɑnfrənˈteɪʃən, ɪn ə ˈdɛləkət ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk ˈkɑntɛkst. ˈlɔrə ˈkɑrlsən ɪz dɪˈrɛktər əv ðə əˈmɛrɪkəz ˈproʊˌgræm www.cipamericas.org*.
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the results of the feb. 2 elections in costa rica fell like a bucket of cold water on the left in the central american nation. confident of achieving at least a second-place finish that would carry them to a run-off in april, instead the candidate of the left-of-center broad front, josé maria villalta, came in third, leaving him out of the running. according to the final tally, villalta received only 17.3% of the vote, compared to 29.7% for the official candidate, johnny araya of the national liberation party (pln) and a surprising 30.6% for the candidate of the citizen action party (pac), luis guillermo solís.
just weeks before election day, polls showed villalta in the lead, while solís barely figured in the competition. his victory shook up costa rican politics. in another unexpected move, on march 5 araya withdrew from the run-off set for april 6, leaving solis with a straight shot to the presidency.
we talked to maria florez-estrada, legislative adviser to the broad front and communications coordinator for villalta’s campaign, for her take on what happened and what the elections mean for the future of costa rica. florez-estrada is a long-time politician, activist and feminist. she emphasized the pitfalls of the electoral process, along with a healthy dose of self-criticism.
lc: let’s start with the obligatory question: the results of feb. 2 were a surprise, according to the polls. what’s your reading on what happened?
mfe: we think that it had a lot to do with the fear campaign launched against the broad front, a campaign based on trying to present us as a communist party, a party against foreign investment, and that was going to close down jobs and businesses. there were transnationals like avon, subway and other companies that pressured their employees to vote against the front–the supreme electoral tribunal even ruled on the matter, saying it was crime because election laws prohibit threatening or coercing workers to vote or not vote in a particular way. there was a business campaign in some sectors against the candidate of the broad front.
then there was also a campaign on the part of the catholic and evangelical churches, to the point of calling on people not to vote for parties that, textually, “promoted abortion”. something that obviously the broad front does not do, “promote abortion”, but yes, for example, in its platform it calls for maintaining the current legislation that allows abortion in the case of danger to a mother’s life and also for opening discussion on what to do in cases where a woman who was raped aborts, because currently it’s punished with prison. there was a huge campaign concentrated on these issues and that affected us.
we also made some mistakes. what happened is that in spite of the polls that always placed us in first or second place and going into the second round, in all the polls there was always a large number of undecided voters. and in the last stretch of the campaign those undecided voters voted en masse for an alternative with little visibility, seemingly little support, but who began to be spotlighted by the media that were against the broad front. for them, the pac was the lesser of two evils. we had considered the pac an ally for being a progressive party in some respects, but in the last stretch they joined the attack against us, in the same sense as the traditional parties. all these elements came together so that an important part of the electorate went to the pac at the last minute.
even so, the result for the broad front is historic. never has a party of the left, progressive, feminist, ecologist–all the identities of the broad front–had so high a vote and never before had it won nine seats in the legislature like now.
lc: what’s behind the withdrawal of the candidate of the national liberation party, jonny araya, from the presidential race?
mfe: araya and the pln’s official version is that four polls showed that it would be very difficult for him to beat solís. and that is the reason for his withdrawal. however, i think that with this move the pln is looking to achieve two aims: first, to avoid, indeed, a really bad result on april 6 that would put it in a position of extreme weakness vis a vis other political forces and, second, to contribute to an increase in abstention, which is always greater in the run-off, so that the pac wins with little legitimacy. that way there will always be a doubt about how much support solis really has and also how much the pln has. in that case, the only point of reference on the popular vote for the candidates of both parties would be the results of the first round.
i think there are signs, also, that the pac is in conversations with the pln for what they call “an orderly transition”. the pln has said that it will collaborate with the pac in the legislative assembly to “push forward a national agenda”. what’s certain is that between the pln and the pac there are a series of close ties that have their origin in the fact that the leadership of the pac, including luis guillermo solís and its founder ottón solís, come from the pln. in 2012 the pac entered into an alliance with the pln in the legislative assembly to push through fiscal reform, to give an example.
it’s more and more clear that in the country there is a strong desire for anti-pln change, and that the sudden rise of solís as representative of that change in reality was an effect of the fear campaign against the broad front. however, it’s probable that after april 6 the extent of the pac’s will and capacity for change will very quickly be put to the test.
lc: let’s go to the communications media, which had a big impact on these elections and has become a major player in elections across the continent. what role did the media play here?
mfe: the mass communications media played a very important role, dropping all pretenses or images of journalistic objectivity. for example, they put up covers pretending to be news against the broad front with things that had no news value, like they published an opinion article against the broad front and the illustration they put was a giant drawing of the hammer and sickle. to the point where in the case of the newspaper la nacion, the star investigative reporter of the paper, giannina segnini who has won many prizes, resigned due to the paper’s behavior in this campaign.
traditionally, la nación publishes a survey by a company called unimer, considered the most serious poll of the electoral season. this time they refused to publish the results of the last unimer poll that showed that the broad front would make it into the run-off. this occurred precisely in mid-january and then la nacion joined a widespread media campaign to lift up the image of the pac and minimize the broad front’s candidate, and the pac began to rise.
the mass media played a traditional conservative role, of resistance to change. however, the social networks played an important role in communication and interaction to develop the campaign. that helped in the growth of the broad front, without a doubt. if the social networks had not existed and we had to rely solely on the information given out by the mass media, probably we would have had a much worse result in the election.
lc: costa rica in the last few years has changed its role in the world by opening the doors to us military operations in the war on drugs and signing free trade agreements–in additon to cafta, the transpacific alliance. were these geopolitical issues important in the elections and what can we expect in the future in this area?
mfe: in reality, it wasn’t a big issue. the transpacific treaty is just now beginning to be an issue since the president signed on and what’s happening is we’re beginning to see opposition from parts of the business sector, especially the chamber of industries.
foreign direct investment in costa rica generates many jobs, formal sector jobs that are well paid in comparison to jobs in the internal market. i think–it’s a hypothesis–that a lot of people in the free trade zone voted for the pac. because the main fear–even above the religious and cultural issues–is losing your job in a country that has high unemployment now. it’s a sensitive thing to think that foreign direct investment, basically u.s., could flee. so with the pac, i don’t think the geopolitics of costa rica will vary, we´ll probably just see some minor adjustments. for example, they proposed to put a new tax on the free trade zone, but with the campaign they went back on it.
lc: you mentioned that the broad front is a feminist party and issues of women’s rights came out as part of the fear campaign against it. what impact will the political changes have on women’s rights?
mfe: in truth, i think it will be very difficult, due to the new composition of the assembly by party. the broad front has increased its presence eightfold, but the problem is that even within the broad front there are deputies that are conservative on issues of sexual and reproductive rights and the rights of non-heterosexual people.
so i think we will have a more openly conservative assembly than the previous one, because having brought these issues up explicitly in debate during the campaign mobilized religious groups and people dug in. costa rican society continues to be in the majority very conservative on these issues. within every party, conservative thought dominates. in the broad front, if all the deputies acted according to the platform, which is the commitment they have with voters, they should act in favor of women’s rights and human rights in general. but we´ll see how some of the deputies actually behave in practice.
lc: what will be the main issues that confront the country, in addition to employment?
mfe: i think that the issues of inequality and poverty, that have grown with the development model applied in costa rica for the past thirty years. before costa rica was a more egalitarian society, without meaning to to idealize it, but now while in other countries in latin america like peru, a country with high inequality but that has lowered poverty, in costa rica it has gotten worse. the mechanisms for social mobility that permit more equality of opportunities for the people have been dismantled. poverty is tending to increase–there is an important sector of homes on the edge of poverty, and if inflation increases they will qualify as poor. so the economic situation of poverty and unemployment is the main problem that will confront the country. if there isn’t the will to support the domestic market, to create jobs in small and medium and large companies in the domestic market–not just foreign direct investment–there will be a lot of conflict.
lc: what will be the next step, not only for the broad front that has its legislative work, but also for the social organizations that mobilized in the context of the elections?
mfe: in general, i think it will be difficult because we have a very delicate economic environment, with high unemployment and the flow of direct foreign investment has dropped. so that will mean that people worry a lot about losing their jobs.
i think there will be more conservatism in the legislature. my main concern is that the pac tries to reduce public employment, which is a significant demand of the business sector and international organizations.
the pac is an unknown factor–it has an important conservative and traditional sector in economics and cultural issues and it also has a more progressive sector. but i think the more progressive part is the minority. i think it will be a hard time for the movements, i imagine that it ‘s going to be more struggle and more confrontation, in a delicate economic context.
laura carlsen is director of the cip americas program www.cipamericas.org.
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ðə oʊˈhaɪoʊ steɪt bɔrd əv ˌtrəˈstiz juˈnænəməsli əˈpruvd ðə tjuˈɪʃən ˌgɛrənˈti ˈproʊˌgræm ənd lɑkt ɪn ən ˌɪnˈkrist kɔst əv əˈtɛndəns fər ɔl ˈɪnˌkəmɪŋ oʊˈhaɪoʊ steɪt ˈstudənts fər ðə nɛkst fɔr jɪrz. ˈɪnˌkəmɪŋ ˈstudənts ðə ˈoʊnli wənz hu kən ɪkˈspɛkt mɔr kɔsts, ɛz ˈhaʊzɪŋ ənd ˈdaɪnɪŋ plænz fər rɪˈtərnɪŋ ˈstudənts wɪl ˈɔlsoʊ raɪz, ə nu əˈdɪʃən tɪ ðə ˈfraɪˌdeɪ prəˈpoʊzəl. ðə tjuˈɪʃən ənd fi ˈstrəkʧər naʊ ɪn pleɪs wɪl reɪz ðə kɔst əv tjuˈɪʃən fər ɔl nu ˈstudənts baɪ ˈvɛriɪŋ reɪts, ˈbreɪkɪŋ ðə ˈfaɪvˌjɪr tjuˈɪʃən friz oʊˈhaɪoʊ steɪt ˈpriviəsli hæd. ɪn əˈdɪʃən tɪ ðə tjuˈɪʃən haɪk, ðə bɔrd ˈvoʊtɪd tɪ əˈpruv ðət ˈhaʊzɪŋ fiz ˌɪnˈkris 6 pərˈsɛnt fər ɔl ˈstudənts boʊθ ˈɪnˌkəmɪŋ ənd rɪˈtərnɪŋ ɛz əˈpoʊzd tɪ ðə 3 pərˈsɛnt ˌɪnˈkris ðət wʊd hæv ˈoʊnli ˌɪmˈpæktɪd nu ˈstudənts leɪd aʊt ɪn ðə plæn ˌɪˈnɪʃəli pərˈzɛnəd tɪ ðə ˈlæntərn. ˈdaɪnɪŋ plænz wɪl ˈɔlsoʊ si ə 3 pərˈsɛnt swɛl, wɪʧ wɪl əˈplaɪ tɪ ɔl mil plænz fər boʊθ nu ənd ˈkərəntli ɛnˈroʊld ˈstudənts. ðə ˌɪnˈkrisɪz tɪ ˈhaʊzɪŋ ənd ˈdaɪnɪŋ plænz wɪl bi ə pɑrt əv ðə praɪs ˌgɛrənˈti fər ˈɪnˌkəmɪŋ ˈstudənts ɛz wɛl, wɪʧ wɑz nɑt ðə keɪs ɪn ðə ˌɪˈnɪʃəl prəˈpoʊzəl. ðə rum ənd bɔrd praɪs ˌɪnˈkrisɪz kəm ˈæftər ə friz. ðɪs pæst ˌækəˈdɛmɪk jɪr wɑz ðə fərst ɪn wɪʧ wər rikˈwaɪərd tɪ lɪv ɔn ˈkæmpəs, ənd ɪt rɪˈzəltɪd ɪn ə 25 ˈmɪljən ˌɪnˈkris ɪn ˈstudənt laɪf ˈrɛvəˌnu kəmˈpɛrd tɪ ðə ˈpriviəs jɪr. ðə ˈfrɛʃli əˈpruvd praɪs haɪk kəmz wiks ˌbiˈfɔr nu ˈstudənts əraɪv ɔn ˈkæmpəs fər ðə ˈɔtəm səˈmɛstər. ˌjunəˈvərsəti ˈproʊvoʊst brus məkˈfɛrən sɛd ɪn bɔrd ˈmitɪŋ ðət ðə nu plæn wɪl hɛlp ˈfæməliz ˈbɛtər prɪˈdɪkt ðɛr kɔsts naʊ ðət ðeɪ hæv ə ˌfɔˈrjɪr fɪkst praɪs tæg. ðə nu kɔsts fər ˈɪnˌkəmɪŋ ˈstudənts wɪl bi rɪˈflɛktɪd ɪn ə 6 pərˈsɛnt ˌɪnˈkris tɪ ðə ˌɪnˈstrəkʃənəl fi, ˈbrɪŋɪŋ ðə ˈjɪrli ˈtoʊtəl əv tjuˈɪʃən ənd fiz tɪ fər nɑnˈrɛzədənts, wɪʧ ˌɪnˈkludz boʊθ ənd ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl ˈstudənts, ə 5 pərˈsɛnt ˌɪnˈkris wɪl naʊ teɪk ˈifɛkt. ɔn tɔp əv ðə 5 pərˈsɛnt ˌɪnˈkris, ˈɪnˌkəmɪŋ ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl ˈstudənts wɪl bi ˈsəbʤɪkt tɪ ə 996 ˌɪnˈkris tɪ ðə flæt ˈjɪrli fi, ˈbrɪŋɪŋ ðə kɔst əv tjuˈɪʃən ənd fiz tɪ əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ˌfaɪˈnænʃəl prɑˈʤɛkʃənz prəˈvaɪdɪd tɪ ðə bɔrd, tjuˈɪʃən ənd fiz meɪk əp 39 pərˈsɛnt əv kɔsts, wɪθ ˈhaʊzɪŋ ənd ˈdaɪnɪŋ ˈmeɪkɪŋ əp 45 pərˈsɛnt əv ˈtoʊtəl kɔsts. ðət livz 16 pərˈsɛnt goʊɪŋ təˈwɔrd bʊks ənd ˌmɪsəˈleɪniəs ɪkˈspɛnsɪz səʧ ɛz ˈtrævəl ənd ˈkloʊðɪŋ. fər ˈɪnˌkəmɪŋ ˈstudənts, oʊˈhaɪoʊ steɪt naʊ kənˈtroʊlz 84 pərˈsɛnt əv ðə kɔst əv ˈkɑlɪʤ fər ðə fərst tu jɪrz, ˈlɑkɪŋ ɪn ˈpraɪsɪz fər ˈfæməliz tɪ si ɪn ədˈvæns ənd hɛlp plæn fər, ʤɛf chatas*, oʊˈhaɪoʊ ʧif ˌfaɪˈnænʃəl ˈɔfɪsər ənd ðə ˈpraɪˌmɛri ˈɑrkəˌtɛkt əv ðə ˈproʊˌgræm, sɛd. ˌjunəˈvərsəti əˈfɪʃəlz ˈpɔɪntɪd tɪ ðə steɪt ˈbəʤɪt biɪŋ əˈfɪʃəli əˈpruvd ðɪs mənθ fər ðə ˈtaɪmɪŋ əv ðə ˈrisəntli dɪˈvɛləpt tjuˈɪʃən ˌgɛrənˈti ˈproʊˌgræm. hæv riʧt ə pɔɪnt wɛr wi θɪŋk ɪt ˈprudənt tɪ wərk ɑr weɪ θru ðə ˌɑpərˈtunətiz ðət ər meɪd əˈveɪləbəl tɪ ˈjuˈɛs ˈəndər steɪt law,”*,” məkˈfɛrən sɛd. ˈjuˈɛs, ðə əˈtræktɪvnəs əv ˈθɪŋkɪŋ əˈbaʊt ðə ˌgɛrənˈti ənd biɪŋ ˈeɪbəl tɪ æd ðət ˈlɛvəl əv prɪˌdɪktəˈbɪlɪti wɑz ˈrɪli ðə ˈtɪpɪŋ pɔɪnt fər ˈjuˈɛs ˈmeɪkɪŋ ðɪs recommendation.”*.” ðə steɪt lɔ məkˈfɛrən rɪˈfərd tɪ ɪz ðə praɪs friz ɔn steɪt ˈkɑlɪʤ tjuˈɪʃən fər ˈstudənts ðət ɪz naʊ ɪn ˈifɛkt ɛz pɑrt əv ðə steɪt ˈbəʤɪt. ðə ˈbəʤɪt əˈlaʊd fər ə ˈmæksəməm 6 pərˈsɛnt ˌɪnˈkris ɪn tjuˈɪʃən ɪf ɪt wɑz əˈkəmpənid baɪ ə ˌfɔˈrjɪr tjuˈɪʃən friz, ˈsəmθɪŋ ðət oʊˈhaɪoʊ steɪt ˌdɪˈsaɪdɪd tɪ teɪk ædˈvæntɪʤ əv. oʊˈhaɪoʊ steɪt naʊ ʤɔɪnz oʊˈhaɪoʊ ˌjunəˈvərsəti ənd maɪˈæmi ˌjunəˈvərsəti ɛz ðə ˈoʊnli ˈpəblɪk skulz ɪn ðə steɪt tɪ hæv ə ˌgɛrənˈtid tjuˈɪʃən plæn. ʤɑn ˈzaɪgər, ðə nuəst əˈdɪʃən tɪ ðə bɔrd, sɛd ðə ˈmægnəˌtud əv ðə praɪs tæg ˈəpˌfrənt fərst kɔt hɪz aɪ, wɪʧ wɑz ˈbɪgər ðən hi wʊd hæv laɪkt, bət ðət ðə ˈlɔŋˈtərm ˌgɛrənˈti əv ə fɪkst tjuˈɪʃən praɪs wɑz ɪˈnəf tɪ iz ˈɛni ˈlɪŋgərɪŋ kənˈsərnz. ðə bɔrd ˈɔlsoʊ juˈnænəməsli əˈpruvd ən ˌɪnˈkris tɪ ðə kɔst əv ɔl ˈstudənt hɛlθ ˌɪnˈʃʊrəns ˈpækɪʤɪz baɪ pərˈsɛnt. ɪn əˈdɪʃən tɪ praɪs ˌɪnˈkrisɪz, ðə bɔrd əˈpruvd ˌɪnˈkrisɪŋ ˌfaɪˈnænʃəl eɪd ɛz pɑrt əv ðə əˌfɔrdəˈbɪləti grænt ənd ðə ˈdəbəlɪŋ əv ðə lænd grænt ˈskɑlərˌʃɪp, naʊ ˈgɪvɪn tɪ tu ˈstudənts frəm iʧ əv 88 ˈkaʊntiz. oʊˈhaɪoʊ steɪt ˈspoʊksmɪn hæv nɑt jɛt prəˈvaɪdɪd ðə ˈlæntərn wɪθ ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən ɔn ˈwɛðər ər nɑt ðə tjuˈɪʃən ˌɪnˈkrisɪz wɪl rɪˈzəlt ɪn ˈlɑrʤər ˈskɑlərˌʃɪps ˈgɪvɪn tɪ ˈɪnˌkəmɪŋ ˈfrɛʃmɪn ˈstudənts, tɪ mæʧ ðə haɪər kɔst əv əˈtɛndəns.
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the ohio state board of trustees unanimously approved the tuition guarantee program and locked in an increased cost of attendance for all incoming ohio state students for the next four years. incoming students aren’t the only ones who can expect more costs, as housing and dining plans for returning students will also rise, a new addition to the friday proposal.
the tuition and fee structure now in place will raise the cost of tuition for all new students by varying rates, breaking the five-year tuition freeze ohio state previously had.
in addition to the tuition hike, the board voted to approve that housing fees increase 6 percent for all students — both incoming and returning — as opposed to the 3 percent increase that would have only impacted new students laid out in the plan initially presented to the lantern.
dining plans will also see a 3 percent swell, which will apply to all meal plans for both new and currently enrolled students.
the increases to housing and dining plans will be a part of the price guarantee for incoming students as well, which was not the case in the initial proposal. the room and board price increases come after a two-year freeze.
this past academic year was the first in which second-years were required to live on campus, and it resulted in a $25 million increase in student life revenue compared to the previous year.
the freshly approved price hike comes weeks before new students arrive on campus for the autumn semester. university provost bruce mcpheron said in tuesday’s board meeting that the new plan will help families better predict their costs now that they have a four-year fixed price tag.
the new costs for incoming in-state students will be reflected in a 6 percent increase to the instructional fee, bringing the yearly total of tuition and fees to $10,591. for non-residents, which includes both out-of-state and international students, a 5 percent increase will now take effect. on top of the 5 percent increase, incoming international students will be subject to a $996 increase to the flat yearly fee, bringing the cost of tuition and fees to $32,623.
according to financial projections provided to the board, tuition and fees make up 39 percent of costs, with housing and dining making up 45 percent of total costs. that leaves 16 percent going toward books and miscellaneous expenses such as travel and clothing.
for incoming students, ohio state now controls 84 percent of the cost of college for the first two years, locking in prices for families to see in advance and help plan for, geoff chatas, ohio state’s chief financial officer and the primary architect of the program, said.
university officials pointed to the state budget being officially approved this month for the timing of the recently developed tuition guarantee program.
“we have reached a point where we think it prudent to work our way through the opportunities that are made available to us under state law,” mcpheron said. “for us, the attractiveness of thinking about the guarantee and being able to add that level of predictability was really the tipping point for us making this recommendation.”
the state law mcpheron referred to is the two-year price freeze on state college tuition for in-state students that is now in effect as part of the state budget. the budget allowed for a maximum 6 percent increase in tuition if it was accompanied by a four-year tuition freeze, something that ohio state decided to take advantage of.
ohio state now joins ohio university and miami university as the only public schools in the state to have a guaranteed tuition plan.
john zeiger, the newest addition to the board, said the magnitude of the price tag upfront first caught his eye, which was bigger than he would have liked, but that the long-term guarantee of a fixed tuition price was enough to ease any lingering concerns.
the board also unanimously approved an increase to the cost of all student health insurance packages by 8.7 percent.
in addition to price increases, the board approved increasing financial aid as part of the president’s affordability grant and the doubling of the land grant scholarship, now given to two students from each of ohio’s 88 counties.
ohio state spokesmen have not yet provided the lantern with information on whether or not the tuition increases will result in larger merit-based scholarships given to incoming freshmen students, to match the higher cost of attendance.
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ðə ˈrizən bɪˈhaɪnd ə ˌɛkspoʊˈnɛnʃəl sərʤ ˌriˈpɔrtəd baɪ tæks əˈsɛsɪŋ ˈɔfɪsərz ɪn ðə ˈnəmbər əv ˈkeɪsɪz wɪθ 1 ˌægrɪˈkəlʧərəl ˈɪnˌkəm ˈoʊvər ðə læst naɪn jɪrz həz bɪn treɪst tɪ ˈɛntri errors’*’. wɪθ lɛs ðən 10 deɪz tɪ goʊ fər ˈjunjən ˈbəʤɪt 2017 ə sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt nuz həz ˈimərʤd. ðə ˈrizən bɪˈhaɪnd ə ˌɛkspoʊˈnɛnʃəl sərʤ ˌriˈpɔrtəd baɪ tæks əˈsɛsɪŋ ˈɔfɪsərz ɪn ðə ˈnəmbər əv ˈkeɪsɪz wɪθ 1 ˌægrɪˈkəlʧərəl ˈɪnˌkəm ˈoʊvər ðə læst naɪn jɪrz həz bɪn treɪst tɪ ˈɛntri errors’*’. du tɪ ðɪs, ˈɪnˌkəmz wər ɛkˈstræpəˌleɪtɪd ˈoʊvər 300 taɪmz ðə ˈækʧəwəl. ðɪs wɑz dɪˈtɛktɪd ˈæftər ˈkeɪsɪz frəm ə lɪst əv ˌɪnˈvɑlvɪŋ ˌægrɪˈkəlʧərəl ˈɪnˌkəm əˈbəv 1 ˌriˈpɔrtəd ɪn ˈɪnˌkəm tæks rɪˈtərnz fər ðə ˈpɪriəd ˈspænɪŋ əˈsɛsmənt jɪrz ənd wər səˈbʤɛktɪd tɪ ˌvɛrəfəˈkeɪʃən baɪ fild əˈθɔrətiz, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ðə ˈɪndiən ɪkˈsprɛs rɪˈpɔrt. ˈərliər, ə ˌpɑrləˈmɛntəri ˈpænəl hæd vɔɪst kənˈsərnz ˈoʊvər ðə raɪz ɪn ðə ˈnəmbər əv ˈkeɪsɪz wɪθ 1 pləs ɛz fɑrm ˈɪnˌkəm poʊst ənd sɛd ðə ˈgəvərnmənt məst bi ˈvɪʤələnt tɪ ɪnˈʃʊr ðət blæk ˈməni ɪz nɑt kənˈvərtɪd ˈɪntu waɪt ˈəndər ðə gɑrb əv ˈægrɪˌkəlʧər ˈɪnˌkəm. ðə ˈstændɪŋ kəˈmɪti ɔn ˈfaɪˌnæns rɪˈpɔrt sɛd ɪt wɑz əˈlɑrmɪŋ ðət ˈɛntri error’*’ həz bɪn ˈnoʊtɪd ɛz ˈfɔrˌmoʊst ˈrizənz bɪˈhaɪnd ðə sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt ənd ˈɛvər groʊɪŋ ˈkeɪsɪz əv wən pləs ˌægrɪˈkəlʧərəl ˈɪnˌkəm, ɛz ˌriˈpɔrtəd baɪ ðə əˈsɛsɪŋ ˈɔfɪsərz. ɪt rɪˈflɛkts ˈpurli əˈpɑn ðə ˈfəŋkʃənɪŋ əv ðə dɪˈpɑrtmənt əv ˈrɛvəˌnu ðət səʧ ˈdætə ˈɛntri ˈɛrərz əˈkər ˌɪnˈvɑlvɪŋ juʤ əˈmaʊnts əv ˈɪnˌkəm, ðə ˈpænəl sɛd. ju meɪ ˈɔlsoʊ laɪk tɪ wɔʧ əv ðiz, ɪt wɑz faʊnd ðət ɪn 838 ˈkeɪsɪz wɛr ˌvɛrəfəˈkeɪʃən wɑz kəmˈplitɪd baɪ leɪt 2016 ðə kərˈɛktɪd ˈægrɪˌkəlʧər ˈɪnˌkəm, ˈæftər ˌvɛrəfəˈkeɪʃən ənd ˌkɑnfərˈmeɪʃən baɪ əˈsɛsɪŋ ˈɔfɪsərz, ˈæˌkʧuəli ˈtoʊtəld ɛz əˈgɛnst ən ˈægrɪˌkəlʧər ˈɪnˌkəm əv ˈɛnərd baɪ əˈsɛsɪŋ ˈɔfɪsərz ər ˈtækˌspeɪərz ɪn rɪˈtərnz. əˈnəðər 324 ˈkeɪsɪz ʃoʊd ˈdætə ˈɛntri ˈɛrərz ɪn ˈægrɪˌkəlʧər ˈɪnˌkəm ər əv ˈɪnˌkəm. ju meɪ ˈɔlsoʊ laɪk tɪ wɔʧ ðə ˈsɛntər ˈərliər hæd ˈsteɪtɪd ðət ɪt həz noʊ plænz tɪ brɪŋ fɑrm ˈɪnˌkəm ˈəndər ðə tæks ambit*. ɪt hæd ˈɔlsoʊ æst ðə ˈɪnˌkəm tæks dɪˈpɑrtmənt tɪ ˈvɛrəˌfaɪ ðə ˈʤɛnjuənɪs əv ˈɪnˌkəm ˈoʊvər 1 fər əˈsɛsmənt jɪrz frəm tɪ ju meɪ ˈɔlsoʊ laɪk tɪ wɔʧ ˈɪnˌkəm tæks dɪˈpɑrtmənt ɪz ˈvɛrəˌfaɪɪŋ ðə ˈʤɛnjuənɪs əv ˌægrɪˈkəlʧərəl ˈɪnˌkəm ɪn ˈkeɪsɪz wɛr ˈtækˌspeɪərz hæv ˌriˈpɔrtəd ˌægrɪˈkəlʧərəl ˈɪnˌkəm əv mɔr ðən 1 ɪn ðɛr ˈɪnˌkəm tæks rɪˈtərnz fər əˈsɛsmənt jɪrz tɪ tɪ ʧɛk ˈwɛðər ðə həz meɪd ə ˈʤɛnjuˌaɪn ˌdɛklərˈeɪʃən ər ðɛr ər ˈɛni ˈdætə errors,”*,” ˈmɪnɪstər əv steɪt fər ˈfaɪˌnæns ˈsɑnˌtɑʃ kuˈmɑr hæd sɛd ɪn ə ˈrɪtən rɪˈplaɪ ɪn sabha*. hi wɑz rɪˈplaɪɪŋ tɪ ə kˈwɛʃən ˈwɛðər ðə ˈgəvərnmənt ɪz ˈgæðərɪŋ ˈdætə ɔn ˌægrɪˈkəlʧərəl ˈɪnˌkəm θru spɑt ˌvɛrəfəˈkeɪʃən.
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the reason behind a exponential surge reported by tax assessing officers in the number of cases with rs 1 crore-plus agricultural income over the last nine years has been traced to ‘data entry errors’.
with less than 10 days to go for union budget 2017, a significant news has emerged. the reason behind a exponential surge reported by tax assessing officers in the number of cases with rs 1 crore-plus agricultural income over the last nine years has been traced to ‘data entry errors’. due to this, farmer’s incomes were extrapolated over 300 times the actual. this was detected after 2,517 cases from a list of 2,746, involving agricultural income above rs 1 crore reported in income tax returns for the period spanning assessment years 2007-08 and 2015-16, were subjected to verification by field authorities, according to the indian express report.
earlier, a parliamentary panel had voiced concerns over the rise in the number of cases with rs 1 crore plus as farm income post demonetisation and said the government must be vigilant to ensure that black money is not converted into white under the garb of agriculture income. the standing committee on finance report said it was alarming that ‘data entry error’ has been noted as foremost reasons behind the significant and ever growing cases of one crore plus agricultural income, as reported by the assessing officers. it reflects poorly upon the functioning of the department of revenue that such data entry errors occur involving huge amounts of income, the panel said.
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of these, it was found that in 838 cases where verification was completed by late 2016, the corrected agriculture income, after verification and confirmation by assessing officers, actually totalled rs 1,395 crore as against an agriculture income of rs 4,31,617 crore entered by assessing officers or taxpayers in i-t returns. another 324 cases showed data entry errors in agriculture income or misclassification of income.
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the centre earlier had stated that it has no plans to bring farm income under the tax ambit. it had also asked the income tax department to verify the genuineness of income over rs 1 crore for assessment years from 2007-08 to 2005-16.
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“the income tax department is verifying the genuineness of agricultural income in cases where taxpayers have reported agricultural income of more than rs 1 crore in their income tax returns for assessment years 2007-08 to 2015-16 to check whether the tax-payer has made a genuine declaration or there are any data errors,” minister of state for finance santosh kumar gangwar had said in a written reply in rajya sabha. he was replying to a question whether the government is gathering data on agricultural income through spot verification.
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ˈæftər ˈgɪtɪŋ ɔn ðə əˈtlæntɪk ˈsɪti ˈbɔrdˌwɔk æt ˈɔlbəni ˈævəˌnu ɪn ðə dɑrk əv ˈərli ˈwɛnzˌdeɪ, ə ˈdraɪvər prəˈsidəd ˈnɪrli θri maɪəlz ˌbiˈfɔr ˈkəmɪŋ tɪ ə stɑp æt ˈfrɛdərɪksbərg ˈævəˌnu ɪn, əˈneɪbəl tɪ tərn ɔf ðə ˈnɛroʊ ˈwʊdən weɪ. "hi wɑz ɪn fər ə ˈpɛni, ɪn fər ə paʊnd," pəˈlis ʧif ˈdəgləs eɪʧ. biˈɑʤi toʊld ˈʃɔrtli ˈæftər ˈpəblɪk wərks ɪmˈplɔɪiz ənd ə toʊ trək meɪd ɪt ˈpɑsəbəl tɪ gɪt ðə rɪg ɔf ðə ˈbɔrdˌwɔk æt ˈwɔʃɪŋtən ˈævəˌnu. ʃɔr ˈstɔri: pɛr əv greɪt waɪt ʃɑrk pəps ər ˈtroʊlɪŋ əˈlɔŋ nu ˈʤərzi ðə ʧif sɛd wən əv hɪz pəˈtroʊl ˈɔfɪsərz sɔ ðə trək stɑpt ɔn ðə plæŋks æt a.m*., ˈflæʃərz ɔn. ðə ˈɔfɪsər ðoʊ ɪt maɪt bi ə dɪˈlɪvəri fər ðə ˈɑrmi kɔrz əv ˈɛnʤəˈnɪrz ˈprɑʤɛkt ɪn ðə seɪm ˈɛriə. bət ðə pəˈtroʊlˌmæn wɛnt əp tɪ ʧɛk ənd sun ˈlərnɪd ðə ˈdraɪvər hæd ˈkəvərd ˈbɔrdˌwɔk maɪəlz ɪn hɪz paʊnd ˈviɪkəl. "hi hæd ˈziroʊ ˌɛkspləˈneɪʃən. aɪ min, ðə ˈoʊʃən ɪz ɔn wən saɪd, ðɛr ər ˈreɪlɪŋz ɔn boʊθ saɪdz. ðɛrz noʊ mɪˈsteɪkɪŋ ju ər ɔn ðə ˈbɔrdˌwɔk," sɛd ðə ʧif. ˈsɪti pəˈlis dɪˈpɑrtmənt ˈwərkərz hæd tɪ riˈmuv ˈreɪlɪŋz ənd bɪld ə ˈsændi bərm tɪ ˈwaɪdən ðə pæθ ɪˈnəf tɪ gɪt ðə ˈtreɪlər ɔf ðə ˈbɔrdˌwɔk. biˈɑʤi sɛd ðə ˈdraɪvər, hu wɑz nɑt aɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪd, wɪl bi ʧɑrʤd wɪθ ˈsɛvərəl ˈloʊkəl ˈɔrdənəns vaɪəˈleɪʃənz, bət nɑt ˈɛni ˈdraɪvɪŋ ˈtɪkɪts, sɪns hi wɑz nɑt ɔn ən əˈfɪʃəl ˈhaɪˌweɪ. ðə ʧif ˈɔlsoʊ sɛd ðə ˈdraɪvər ənd ðə ˈtrəkɪŋ ˈkəmpəˌni wɪl ˈɔlsoʊ bi hɛld ˈlaɪəbəl fər ðə ˈmænˌpaʊər ɪkˈspɛnsɪz rikˈwaɪərd tɪ kriˈeɪt ə waɪd ɪˈnəf ræmp tɪ gɪt ðə rɪg bæk ɔn ðə strits, ɛz wɛl ɛz ˈɛni ˈdæmɪʤ tɪ ðə ˈwʊdən ˈstrəkʧər. biˈɑʤi sɛd waɪl ðə wʊd ˈsərfəs əv ðə ˈbɔrdˌwɔk əˈpɪrd ɪn gʊd ʃeɪp, ə ˈstrəkʧərəl ˈɛnʤəˈnɪr wɪl nid tɪ ɪgˈzæmɪn ðə səˈpɔrts ˌəndərˈniθ. hi hæd noʊ kɔst ˈɛstəˌmeɪts. ˈglisən ˈwərkərz hæd tɪ riˈmuv reɪlz ənd ˈbɛnʧɪz tɪ soʊ ðə kʊd gɪt ɔf ðə ˈbɔrdˌwɔk. ðə ʧif sɛd ɪmˈplɔɪiz spɛnt ˈnɪrli fɔr aʊərz riˈmuvɪŋ ˈreɪlɪŋz ənd ˈbɛnʧɪz tɪ ˈwaɪdən ræmp ˈoʊpənɪŋ, bət ˈivɪn ðət wɑz nɑt ɪˈnəf fər boʊθ pɑrts əv ðə rɪg tɪ meɪk ðə tərn. ənd ˈsændi bərm wɑz bɪlt tɪ fɪl ɪn ðə ˈkɔrnər əv ðə tərn, ɪkˈspleɪnd biˈɑʤi. bət ðə kæb stɪl kʊd nɑt meɪk ðə tərn wɪθ ˈtreɪlər əˈtæʧt. ðə kæb wɑz ənd ˈdrɪvən ɔf ənd ə toʊ trək ˈkɛrfəli məˈnuvərd ðə ˈtreɪlər daʊn ðə ræmp ənd ˈɔntu ðə strit, ɪkˈspleɪnd ðə ʧif.
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after getting on the atlantic city boardwalk at albany avenue in the dark of early wednesday, a tractor-trailer driver proceeded nearly three miles before coming to a stop at fredericksburg avenue in ventnor, unable to turn off the narrow wooden way.
"he was in for a penny, in for a pound," police chief douglas h. biagi told phillyvoice shortly after public works employees and a tow truck made it possible to get the rig off the boardwalk at washington avenue.
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the chief said one of his patrol officers saw the truck stopped on the planks at 5:30 a.m., flashers on.
the officer though it might be a delivery for the army corps of engineers dune-building project in the same area.
but the patrolman went up to check and soon learned the driver had covered 2.7 boardwalk miles in his 18,000 pound vehicle.
"he had zero explanation. i mean, the ocean is on one side, there are railings on both sides. there's no mistaking you are on the boardwalk," said the chief.
provided//ventnor city police department ventnor workers had to remove railings and build a sandy berm to widen the path enough to get the trailer off the boardwalk.
biagi said the driver, who was not identified, will be charged with several local ordinance violations, but not any driving tickets, since he was not on an official highway.
the chief also said the driver and the trucking company will also be held liable for the manpower expenses required to create a wide enough ramp to get the rig back on the streets, as well as any damage to the wooden structure.
biagi said while the wood surface of the boardwalk appeared in good shape, a structural engineer will need to examine the supports underneath.
he had no cost estimates.
provided//sean gleason ventnor workers had to remove rails and benches to so the tractor-trailer could get off the boardwalk.
the chief said ventnor employees spent nearly four hours removing railings and benches to widen ramp opening, but even that was not enough for both parts of the rig to make the turn.
and sandy berm was built to fill in the corner of the turn, explained biagi. but the cab still could not make the turn with trailer attached.
the cab was unfastened and driven off and a heavy-duty tow truck carefully maneuvered the trailer down the ramp and onto the street, explained the chief.
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haʊ əˈbaʊt ðɪs fər ə stɑk ˈmɑrkɪt rɪˈvərsəl: ɔn ˈwɛnzˌdeɪ, ˈɛksɑn ˈbɛlˌwɛðər fər ðə ˈsimɪŋ dumd ɔɪl ðə ˈoʊnli stɑk ɪn ðə daʊ ʤoʊnz ˌɪnˈdəstriəl ˈævərɪʤ ðət wɑz əp fər ðə deɪ. ˈminˌwaɪl, (nflx*), lɔŋ ə ˈdɑrlɪŋ əv wɔl strit, drɑpt ʤɪst ˈoʊvər 10 ər ə ˈlɪtəl mɔr ðən ˈoʊvərˌɔl, ðə 500 fɛl 48 pɔɪnts, ər ənd ðə ˈnæzdæk fɛl 159 pɔɪnts, ər ðət mɛnt ðət tu əv ðə θri ˈmeɪʤər juz. ˈɪndɛksɪz ˈɛnərd kərˈɛkʃən ˈtɛrɪˌtɔri, əˈfɪʃəli dɪˈfaɪnd ɛz ə 10 drɔp sɪns ðə tɔp əv ðə ˈmɑrkɪt. ðə θərd, ðə daʊ, wɑz ˈɔlˌmoʊst ðɛr, daʊn frəm ɪts pik. wən ˈænəlɪst prɪˈdɪktɪd ðət stɑks wʊd hæv ðɛr wərst kræʃ ɪn mɔr ðən ə ˌʤɛnərˈeɪʃən. əv kɔrs, ðə fækt ðət ðə ʃɛrz ər ˈdrɑpɪŋ ɪz ˈnəθɪŋ nu fər 2016 wət wɑz ˈdɪfərənt ˈwɛnzˌdeɪ wɑz wɪʧ stɑks ðət wər ˈfɑlɪŋ ənd ˈraɪzɪŋ. ɔl əv ə ˈsədən, ðə stɑks ðət hæv bɪn sin seɪf ˈheɪvənz ər ˈdrɑpɪŋ ɛz wɛl. ənd ðə stɑks ðət hæd bɪn ˈlægərdz wər nɑt ˈdrɑpɪŋ ɛz məʧ. ðə ˈsoʊˈkɔld fæŋ stɑks, wɪʧ ˌɪnˈklud ˈfeɪsˌbʊk (fb*), ˈæməˌzɑn (amzn*), ənd ˈgugəl (goog*), ɛz wɛl ɛz, hæd bɪn səm əv ðə bɛst pərˈfɔrmɪŋ stɑks læst jɪr, bət ɔl fɔr wər daʊn. ənd fər ðə fərst taɪm ɪn ə waɪl, ɔɪl stɑks ɛz ə grup wər nɑt ðə wərst pərˈfɔrmɪŋ stɑks ɪn ðə ˈmɑrkɪt. ˈoʊvərˌɔl, ɔɪl stɑks wər daʊn ʤɪst əˈnəðər səˈpraɪz wɑz ʧɪˈpoʊˌtli (cmg*), huz stɑk wɑz wən əv ðə wərst pərˈfɔrmərz ɪn 2015 ʃɛrz əv ðə ˈrɛˌstrɑnt ʧeɪn, wɪʧ həz bɪn ˈbætərd baɪ ə ˈnəmbər əv fud ˈseɪfti dɪˈzæstərz, roʊz 24 əp 6 ɔn ˈwɛnzˌdeɪ tɪ 428 ɛz ðə ˈsiˌiˈoʊ ˈprɑməst ˌɪnˈvɛstərz ɪt wʊd lɔnʧ ən əˈgrɛsɪv ˈmɑrkətɪŋ kæmˈpeɪn tɪ gɪt ˈkəstəmərz bæk. ðə wərst pərˈfɔrmɪŋ ˈsɛktər əv ðə 500 ɔn ˈwɛnzˌdeɪ wɑz kənˈsumər dɪˈskrɛʃəˌnɛri stɑks, wɪʧ drɑpt ðət wɑz ˈɔlsoʊ ə rɪˈvərsəl frəm ˈrisənt ˈhɪstəri, ənd ˈpɑsəbli ən ˈɑmənəs saɪn. kənˈsumər stɑks hæd hɛld əp ˈbɛtər ðən moʊst. wən əv ðə ˈbɪgəst ˈrizənz fər ðət hæd bɪn ðə əˈsəmpʃənz ðət loʊ ɔɪl ˈpraɪsɪz wʊd pʊt mɔr ˈməni ɪn ˈpɑkəts ənd prɑmpt əˈmɛrɪkənz tɪ spɛnd mɔr. ɪn fækt, ðə aɪˈdiə ðət loʊ ɔɪl ˈpraɪsɪz wʊd prəˈvaɪd ən ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk bust wɑz wən əv ðə meɪn ˈrizənz tɪ bi ˌɑptɪˈmɪstɪk əˈbaʊt 2016 bət ʤeɪmz biˈɑŋkoʊ, hɛd əv ˌɪnˈvɛstmənt ˈstrætəʤi fərm biˈɑŋkoʊ ˈrisərʧ, sɪz ðɛr həz bɪn ˈlɪtəl ˈɛvədəns ðət ˈfɑlɪŋ ɔɪl kɔsts hæv hæd ə ˈpɑzətɪv ˈifɛkt ɔn ðə ɪˈkɑnəmi. hi θɪŋks ðət meɪ min ðət dɪˈmænd, boʊθ hir ənd ˈoʊvərˈsiz meɪ bi ˈwikər ðən ˈpriviəsli θɔt. ðə ˈizi kɔl ðət loʊ ɔɪl ˈpraɪsɪz wʊd bust kənˈsumər dɪˈmænd wɑz rɔŋ, ðɛn ðə kˈwɛʃən ɪz wət ɛls hæv wi gɑt rɔŋ əˈbaʊt ðə economy,”*,” sɪz biˈɑŋkoʊ. soʊ fɑr ðɪs jɪr, ənd ˈivɪn ˈlaʊdər ɔn ˈwɛnzˌdeɪ, ðə ˈænsər frəm ˌɪnˈvɛstərz ɪz: ə lɔt.
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how about this for a stock market reversal: on wednesday, exxon (xom)—a bellwether for the seeming doomed oil sector—was the only stock in the dow jones industrial average that was up for the day. meanwhile, netflix (nflx), long a darling of wall street, dropped just over $10, or a little more than 8.6%.
overall, the s&p 500 fell 48 points, or 2.5%, and the nasdaq fell 159 points, or 3.5%. that meant that two of the three major u.s. indexes entered correction territory, officially defined as a 10% drop since the top of the market. the third, the dow, was almost there, down 9.9% from its peak. one analyst predicted that stocks would have their worst crash in more than a generation.
of course, the fact that the shares are dropping is nothing new for 2016. what was different wednesday was which stocks that were falling and rising. all of a sudden, the stocks that have been seen safe havens are dropping as well. and the stocks that had been laggards were not dropping as much. the so-called fang stocks, which include facebook (fb), amazon (amzn), and google (goog), as well as netflix, had been some of the best performing stocks last year, but all four were down.
and for the first time in a while, oil stocks as a group were not the worst performing stocks in the market. overall, oil stocks were down just 1.8%. another surprise was chipotle (cmg), whose stock was one of the worst performers in 2015. shares of the restaurant chain, which has been battered by a number of food safety disasters, rose $24, up 6%, on wednesday to $428, as the company’s ceo promised investors it would launch an aggressive marketing campaign to get customers back.
the worst performing sector of the s&p 500 on wednesday was consumer discretionary stocks, which dropped 3.4%. that was also a reversal from recent history, and possibly an ominous sign. consumer stocks had held up better than most. one of the biggest reasons for that had been the assumptions that low oil prices would put more money in people’s pockets and prompt americans to spend more.
in fact, the idea that low oil prices would provide an economic boost was one of the main reasons to be optimistic about 2016. but james bianco, head of chicago-based investment strategy firm bianco research, says there has been little evidence that falling oil costs have had a positive effect on the economy. he thinks that may mean that demand, both here and overseas may be weaker than previously thought. “if the easy call that low oil prices would boost consumer demand was wrong, then the question is what else have we got wrong about the economy,” says bianco.
so far this year, and even louder on wednesday, the answer from investors is: a lot.
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ðə dɪˈpɑrtmənt əv ˈhoʊmˌlænd sɪˈkjʊrəti (dhs*) meɪd ən ənˈjuˌʒuəl muv baɪ ˈgrænɪŋ ˈtɛmpərˌɛri əˈsaɪləm tɪ ˈsɛvərəl ˈmɛksəkən ˈɪməgrənts, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ə ˈhændˌfʊl əv ðoʊz hu ər ˌɪˈligəli ɪn ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts, ˈæftər ðeɪ krɔst ðə ˈbɔrdər ɪn ə ˈproʊˌtɛst ɪn leɪt ˌʤuˈlaɪ. ˈhoʊmˌlænd sɪˈkjʊrəti dɪˈpɑrtmənt ˈtɛntətɪvli əˈpruvd əˈsaɪləm rɪkˈwɛsts fər ˈsɛvən ˈmɛksəkən ˈɪməgrənts, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ səm hu wər ˈlɪvɪŋ ɪn ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts ˌɪˈligəli bət lɛft ənd əˈtɛmptəd tɪ ɛz pɑrt əv ə ˈproʊˌtɛst əˈgɛnst juz. ˌdipɔrˈteɪʃən policies,”*,” ðə əˈsoʊʃiˌeɪtəd press’*’ əˈlɪʃə ˈkɔldwɛl ˌriˈpɔrtəd ɔn ˈtuzˌdeɪ. prɪˈlɪməˌnɛri əˈpruvəl ɪz ˈhaɪli ənˈjuˌʒuəl bɪˈkəz ɪt ɪz rɛr fər ðə juz. ˈgəvərnmənt tɪ grænt əˈsaɪləm tɪ ˈmɛksəkən citizens.”*.” ˈkɔldwɛl ˈnoʊtɪd ðət ðə wər traɪɪŋ tɪ kɔl əˈtɛnʃən tɪ ˈhənərdz əv ˈθaʊzənz hu hæv bɪn dɪˈpɔrtəd ˈdʊrɪŋ ˈprɛzɪdənt ˈbɑrək ædˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃən. ðeɪ hæd ˈsaɪtɪd ə ˈkrɛdəbəl fɪr əv ˌpərsəˈkjuʃən ʃʊd ðeɪ rɪˈtərn tɪ mexico.”*.” ðeɪ wər, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ə leɪt ˌʤuˈlaɪ pis frəm ðə ˈhəfɪŋtən poʊst, pɑrt əv ə ˈproʊˌtɛst ðə ˈnæʃənəl ˈɪməgrənt juθ əˈlaɪəns (niya*) ˈɔrgəˌnaɪzd. ən ɑˈdeɪʃəs muv ˈivɪn frəm ə grup noʊn fər ˈpʊʃɪŋ ˈbaʊndəriz, ðə ˈnæʃənəl ˈɪməgrənt juθ əˈlaɪəns ˈɔrgəˌnaɪzd ðə ˈkrɔsɪŋ æt ðə ˌɛrɪˈzoʊnə ˈbɔrdər taʊn əv noʊˈgɑlɛs ɛz ə ˈproʊˌtɛst əˈgɛnst ˈprɛzɪdənt ˈbɑrək peɪs əv deportations,”*,” ðə ˈhəfɪŋtən roʊk ˈplænəz roʊt ɔn ˌʤuˈlaɪ 23 ˈɔrgəˌnaɪzər mɑˈteɪoʊ roʊt ɪn hər oʊn ˈhəfɪŋtən poʊst pis ðət ʃi hɛlpt ˈɔrgəˌnaɪz ðə ˈɛfərt bɪˈkəz ʃi dɪsˈlaɪks ˈkɑrənt ˌɪməˈgreɪʃən lɔz. ˈmənˌdeɪ, aɪ wɔkt ˈɪntu ə pɔrt əv ˈɛntri ɪn noʊˈgɑlɛs, ˈmɛksəˌkoʊ wɪθ ˈsɛvən ˈəðər ˈdrimərz ənd æst ðə ˌoʊˈbɑmə ædˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃən tɪ juz ɪts dɪˈskrɛʃən tɪ əˈlaʊ ˈjuˈɛs tɪ rɪˈtərn tɪ ðə juˈnaɪtɪd states,”*,” mɑˈteɪoʊ roʊt ɔn ˌʤuˈlaɪ 22 ju rɛd ðɪs, aɪ meɪ bi ɪn ə dɪˈtɛnʃən ˈsɛnər. faɪv əv ˈjuˈɛs wər fɔrst tɪ liv bɪˈkəz wi wər dɪˈpɔrtəd, ər bɪˈkəz ˈkɑrənt lɔ ɪnˈkərəʤd ˈjuˈɛs tɪ self-deport*. θri əv ˈjuˈɛs lɛft ˈrisəntli hɛlp ðɛm faɪt fər ðə raɪt tɪ kəm home.”*.” əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ðə əˈsoʊʃiˌeɪtəd prɛs ɪn leɪt ˌʤuˈlaɪ, ðə activists’*’ ˈlɔjər ˈmɑrgoʊ kaʊən sɛd ðə ˈɪməgrənts hæd rɪkˈwɛstɪd ˌjuˌmænəˈtɛriən pəroʊl ˈæftər biɪŋ dɪˈteɪnd ˈdʊrɪŋ ðɛr ˈproʊˌtɛst ənd wʊd sik əˈsaɪləm ɪf ðət wər dɪˈnaɪd. ɪn ə ˈfeɪsˌbʊk ˈpoʊstɪŋ æt ðə taɪm əv ðə ˈɪnsədənt, rɛpriˈzɛtətɪv. (d-il*) kɔld fər ðə ˌoʊˈbɑmə ædˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃən tɪ bɛnd ðə lɛt ðə ˈlɪˌbərəl ˈæktɪvɪsts bæk ˈɪntu ðə ˈkəntri. hæv hərd ˈdrimərz hu əˈtɛmptəd tɪ rɪˈtərn hoʊm tɪ ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts ˌdipɔrˈteɪʃən, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ maɪ kənˈstɪʧuənt ˈluˌlu mɑrˈtinɛz frəm roʊt ɪn ðət poʊst. hoʊp ðə ˌoʊˈbɑmə ædˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃən wɪl du ðə ənd lɛt ðɛm bæk in.”*.” ˌɪməˈgreɪʃən ʤəʤ wɪl hæv ðə ˈfaɪnəl seɪ ˈwɛðər ðeɪ kən rɪˈmeɪn ˈpərmɑˌnɛnˌtli ɪn ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts, bət səʧ ə ˈrulɪŋ kʊd teɪk years,”*,” ˈkɔldwɛl roʊt. ““meanwhile*, ðə ˈsɛvən ˈɪməgrənts ər ˈlaɪkli tɪ bi riˈlist frəm dɪˈtɛnʃən ɪn ˌɛrɪˈzoʊnə ənd kʊd bi ˈɛlɪʤəbəl fər ə wərk ˈpərˌmɪt ɪn ðə future.”*.”
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the department of homeland security (dhs) made an unusual move by granting temporary asylum to several mexican immigrants, including a handful of those who are illegally in the united states, after they crossed the border in a pro-amnesty protest in late july.
“the homeland security department tentatively approved asylum requests for seven mexican immigrants, including some who were living in the united states illegally but left and attempted to re-enter as part of a protest against u.s. deportation policies,” the associated press’ alicia caldwell reported on tuesday. “the preliminary approval is highly unusual because it is rare for the u.s. government to grant asylum to mexican citizens.”
caldwell noted that the “immigrants were trying to call attention to hundreds of thousands who have been deported during president barack obama’s administration. they had cited a credible fear of persecution should they return to mexico.”
they were, according to a late july piece from the huffington post, part of a protest the pro-amnesty national immigrant youth alliance (niya) organized. “in an audacious move even from a group known for pushing boundaries, the national immigrant youth alliance organized the crossing at the arizona border town of nogales as a protest against president barack obama’s record-setting pace of deportations,” the huffington post’s roque planas wrote on july 23.
niya organizer lizbeth mateo wrote in her own huffington post piece that she helped organize the effort because she dislikes america’s current immigration laws. “on monday, i walked into a port of entry in nogales, mexico with seven other dreamers and asked the obama administration to use its discretion to allow us to return to the united states,” mateo wrote on july 22. “as you read this, i may be in a detention center. five of us were forced to leave because we were deported, or because current law encouraged us to self-deport. three of us left recently help them fight for the right to come home.”
according to the associated press in late july, the activists’ lawyer margo cowan said the immigrants had requested humanitarian parole after being detained during their protest and would seek asylum if that were denied.
in a facebook posting at the time of the incident, pro-amnesty rep. luisgutierrez (d-il) called for the obama administration to bend the rulesto let the liberal activists back into the country. “i have heard aboutthe dreamers who attempted to return home to the united states todayafter deportation, including my constituent lulu martinez from chicago,”gutierrez wrote in that post. “i hope the obama administration will do the rightthing and let them back in.”
“an immigration judge will have the final say whether they can remain permanently in the united states, but such a ruling could take years,” caldwell wrote. “meanwhile, the seven immigrants are likely to be released from detention in arizona and could be eligible for a work permit in the future.”
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ˈfɔrmər ˈʧænsələr əv ðə ˈɛksˌʧɛkər ʤɔrʤ ˈɔzˌbɔrn həz ˈhɪnɪd æt ə ˈpɑsəbəl rɪˈtərn tɪ ˈfrənˌtlaɪn ˈpɑləˌtɪks, ˈɑrgjuɪŋ ðə keɪs əˈgɛnst ə fʊl, ənd ˈivɪn dɪˈmændɪŋ ðət ˌɪməˈgreɪʃən ˈɪntu ðə juˈnaɪtɪd ˈkɪŋdəm dɪz nɑt ˌnɛsəˈsɛrəli hæv tɪ bi rɪˈdust. ˈspikɪŋ tɪ ðə təˈdeɪ ˈproʊˌgræm ɔn ˈreɪdiˌoʊ 4 ðə ˈɛdɪtər əv ðə ˈivnɪŋ ˈstændərd ˈnuzˌpeɪpər sɛd: rul aʊt goʊɪŋ bæk ˈɪntu ˈpɑləˌtɪks, bət ɪt ɪz ˈsərtənli nɑt plæn a”*”. dɪˈspaɪt biɪŋ ən ˈɑrdənt rɪˈmeɪn kæmˈpeɪnər, ˈɔzˌbɔrn naʊ sɪz hi boʊθ wɔnt tɪ hæv ə ˌrɛfərˈɛndəm ɔn ˈmɛmbərˌʃɪp əv ðə ˌjʊrəˈpiən ˈjunjən, ənd wʊd ˈpərsənəli hæv prɪˈfərd tɪ dɪˈnaɪ ðə ˈbrɪtɪʃ ˈpipəl ðə voʊt. wɑz nɑt kin ɔn ˈhævɪŋ ə ˌrɛfərˈɛndəm ɪn ðə fərst pleɪs, bət aɪ ʧoʊz tɪ bi pɑrt əv ðə kəˈlɛktɪv dɪˈsɪʒən ˈmeɪkɪŋ əv ðə government,”*,” hi sɛd. ˈsərtənli dɪd nɑt wɔk aʊt əv ðə ˈgəvərnmənt æt ðə taɪm. ðət ɪz nɑt ðə weɪ aɪ traɪd tɪ bɪˈheɪv ɛz ˈʧænsələr. aɪ wɑz nɑt traɪɪŋ tɪ bi ðə ˈdɪfəkəlt ˈneɪbər. aɪ wɑz traɪɪŋ tɪ bi ðə ˈpərsən hu, wɪθ ˈdeɪvɪd ˈkæmərən, maɪ frɛnd, meɪd θɪŋz wərk fər ðə country.”*.” ˈfərðərˌmɔr, ðə rɪˈmɑrkt: əkˈsɛpt ðət ʤɪst bɪˈkəz wi ər ˈlivɪŋ ðə wi hæv tɪ, fər ɪgˈzæmpəl, liv ðə ˈkəstəmz ˈjunjən ər ˈrædɪkli klæmp daʊn ɔn immigration”*”. səkˈsɛsər, ɛz wɛl ɛz hɪz ˈdeɪvɪd cameron’s*, ər ɔl rɪˈmeɪn kæmˈpeɪnərz, ˈminɪŋ moʊst əv ðə tɔp poʊsts ɪn ðə ˈbrɪtɪʃ ˈgəvərnmənt stɪl bɪˈlɔŋ tɪ ˈpipəl hu ˈæktɪvli kæmˈpeɪnd əˈgɛnst wət wɑz ˌdɪˈsaɪdɪd ɛz ðə wɪl əv ðə ˈbrɪtɪʃ ˈpipəl ɔn ʤun 2017 hoʊld ʤɪst ə fju poʊsts ɪn ˈgəvərnmənt, ənd ɪt wɑz rɪˈvild ðɪs wik haʊ ˈlidər ˈnaɪʤəl wɪl əˈgɛn bi pæst ˈoʊvər fər ə ˈnaɪˌthʊd ər ˈɑnər frəm ðə ˈbrɪtɪʃ pəˈlɪtɪkəl ɪˈstæblɪʃmənt dɪˈspaɪt ˈwɪnɪŋ ðə voʊt ənd bɪˈkəmɪŋ ðə moʊst ˌɪnfluˈɛnʃəl pəˈlɪtɪkəl ˈfɪgjər ɪn ə ˌʤɛnərˈeɪʃən.
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former chancellor of the exchequer george osborne has hinted at a possible return to frontline politics, arguing the case against a full brexit, and even demanding that immigration into the united kingdom does not necessarily have to be reduced.
speaking to the bbc’s today programme on radio 4, the editor of the evening standard newspaper said: “i don’t rule out going back into politics, but it is certainly not plan a”.
despite being an ardent remain campaigner, osborne now says he both didn’t want to have a referendum on britain’s membership of the european union, and would personally have preferred to deny the british people the vote.
“i was not keen on having a referendum in the first place, but i chose to be part of the collective decision making of the government,” he said.
“i certainly did not walk out of the government at the time. that is not the way i tried to behave as chancellor. i was not trying to be the difficult next-door neighbour. i was trying to be the person who, with david cameron, my friend, made things work for the country.”
furthermore, the ex-mp remarked: “i don’t accept that just because we are leaving the eu we have to, for example, leave the customs union or radically clamp down on immigration”.
osborne’s successor, as well as his then-boss david cameron’s, are all remain campaigners, meaning most of the top posts in the british government still belong to people who actively campaigned against what was decided as the will of the british people on june 23rd 2017.
brexiteers hold just a few posts in government, and it was revealed this week how brexit leader nigel farage will again be passed over for a knighthood or honour from the british political establishment despite winning the vote and becoming the most influential political figure in a generation.
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minya*, ˈiʤɪpt ən ɪˈʤɪpʃən ʤəʤ həz ˈsɛntənst 683 əˈlɛʤd ˈməzlɪm ˈbrəðərˌhʊd səˈpɔrtərz tɪ dɛθ, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ðə grups səˈprim gaɪd, moʊˈhɑmɛd badie*, ənd kənˈfərmd ðə dɛθ ˈsɛntənsɪz əv 37 əv 529 əˈlɛʤd səˈpɔrtərz ˈpriviəsli kənˈdɛmd. ˈaʊtˈsaɪd ðə ˈkɔrˌtrum ɔn ˈmənˌdeɪ, wɪn nuz əv ðə ˈsɛntənsɪz broʊk, ˈfæməliz əv ðə əˈkjuzd bɪˈgæn tɪ skrim ənd ˈsɛvərəl ˈwɪmən ˈfeɪntɪd, ˈfɑlɪŋ tɪ ðə graʊnd. moʊˈhɑmɛd, ən ˈæmnəsti ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl ˈrisərʧər ˈmɑnətərɪŋ ðə ˈkeɪsɪz, sɛd ðeɪ "lækt ˈbeɪsɪk fɛr traɪəl ˌgɛrənˈtiz". ðə dɪˈfɛndənts frəm ðə fərst keɪs huz dɛθ ˈsɛntənsɪz wər nɑt əˈphɛld wər iʧ ˈsɛntənst tɪ 25 jɪrz ɪn ˈprɪzən. ˈmɛni əv ðə ˈlɔjərz fər ðə əˈkjuzd ˈbɔɪˌkɑtɪd ðə ˈhirɪŋ, dɪˈmændɪŋ ðət ðə ʤəʤ bi rɪˈkjuzd ənd ˈkɔlɪŋ ɪm ə "ˈbʊʧər". moʊˈhɑmɛd ˈæbˌdɛl waheb*, ə ˈlɔjər hu ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnts 25 əv ðə dɪˈfɛndənts, sɛd ðə ˈvərdɪkt wɑz ˈhændɪd daʊn ɪn ə kɔrt ˈsɛʃən ˈlæstɪŋ lɛs ðən faɪv ˈmɪnəts. ˈpriviəsli, hi sɛd, ðə ˈsɪŋgəl ˈsɛʃən ɪn ðə traɪəl ˈlæstɪd ʤɪst fɔr aʊərz, ˈdʊrɪŋ wɪʧ ðə ʤəʤ rɪfˈjuzd tɪ ˈlɪsən tɪ ˈɛni ˈɑrgjəmənts frəm ðə dɪˈfɛns. ˈæbˌdɛl ˈnæsər hassanien*, ˈstændɪŋ ˈaʊtˈsaɪd ðə ˈkɔrˌtrum, sɛd faɪv əv hɪz ˈrɛlətɪvz wər əˈməŋ ðoʊz ˈsɛntənst tɪ daɪ, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ hɪz ˈbrəðər, ˈɑmɛd abdelatty*, 22 "əv ðə faɪv ˈoʊnli wən ɪz rɪˈleɪtɪd tɪ ðə ˈməzlɪm ˈbrəðərˌhʊd, ənd hi ˈdɪdənt du ˈɛniˌθɪŋ," hi sɛd. ˈgloʊbəl əˈtɛnʃən ʤəʤ sɑid ˈjusɛf fərst əˈtræktəd ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl ˌkɑndəmˈneɪʃən ənd ˈprɑmptɪd ən ˈaʊtˌkraɪ frəm grups ˈæftər hi ˈhændɪd daʊn ðə ˌɪˈnɪʃəl ˈsɛntəns fər ðə 528 dɪˈfɛndənts ɔn mɑrʧ 24 ˈfɑloʊɪŋ ə brif traɪəl mɑrkt baɪ ˌɪrɛgjəˈlɛrətiz. ɔn ˈmənˌdeɪ hi rɪˈvərst 492 əv ðoʊz 529 dɛθ ˈsɛntənsɪz, kəmˈjutɪŋ moʊst əv ðɛm tɪ laɪf ɪn ˈprɪzən. əˈməŋ ðoʊz ˈfrɛʃli ˈsɛntənst tɪ dɛθ təˈdeɪ wɑz badie*, ðə səˈprim gaɪd əv ðə ˈməzlɪm ˈbrəðərˌhʊd ðə grups moʊst ˈsinjər ˈlidər. hi ɪz əˈməŋ 77 əv 683 dɪˈfɛndənts ɪn ˈkəstədi; ðə rɪˈmeɪndər wər traɪd ɪn æbˈsɛnʃə ənd hæv ən ˌɔtəˈmætɪk raɪt tɪ ə riˈtraɪəl. ɪˈʤɪpʃən lɔ rikˈwaɪərz ðət dɛθ ˈsɛntənsɪz ər kənˈfərmd baɪ ðə prɪˈzaɪdɪŋ ʤəʤ ˈæftər ə ˈkɑmɛnt həz bɪn ˌɪnˈvaɪtɪd frəm ðə grænd əv æl əˈzɑr, ðə ˈkəntriz ˈlidɪŋ rɪˈlɪʤəs əˈfɪʃəl. ðə əˈpɪnjən tɪ ðə ʤəʤ ɪz ˈsikrɪt. ðə ˈgɪlti ˈvərdɪkt ənd dɛθ ˈsɛntənsɪz ər stɪl ˈsəbʤɪkt tɪ əˈpil æt ðə kɔrt əv əˈpil. "ðə keɪs kɪld ðə ˌkrɛdəˈbɪlɪti əv ðə ɪˈʤɪpʃən ʤuˈdɪʃəl ˈsɪstəm," sɛd əv ˈæmnəsti ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl. ðə ˈvaɪələns əv wɪʧ ðə dɪˈfɛndənts ər əˈkjuzd tʊk pleɪs ɔn ˈɔgəst 14 læst jɪr ɛz nuz riʧt ðət pəˈlis hæd lɔnʧt ðə ˈdɛdli ˈklɪrəns əv tu ɪn ˈkaɪroʊ, hɛld baɪ səˈpɔrtərz əv ˈfɔrmər ˈprɛzɪdənt moʊˈhɑmɛd morsi*, hu hæd ˈrisəntli bɪn ˈaʊstɪd ˈæftər mæs ˈproʊˌtɛsts əˈgɛnst hɪz rul. kraʊdz ɪn ənd ˈɛlsˌwɛr ɪn ˈsəðərn ˈiʤɪpt, əˈpɛrəntli səˈpɔrtərz əv morsi*, əˈtækt pəˈlis ˈsteɪʃənz ənd ˈʧərʧɪz, əˈkjuzɪŋ ˈkrɪsʧɪnz əv ˈhævɪŋ səˈpɔrtɪd hɪz ˈoʊvərθˌroʊ.
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minya, egypt - an egyptian judge has sentenced 683 alleged muslim brotherhood supporters to death, including the group's supreme guide, mohamed badie, and confirmed the death sentences of 37 of 529 alleged supporters previously condemned.
outside the courtroom on monday, when news of the sentences broke, families of the accused began to scream and several women fainted, falling to the ground.
mohamed elmessiry, an amnesty international researcher monitoring the cases, said they "lacked basic fair trial guarantees".
the defendants from the first case whose death sentences were not upheld were each sentenced to 25 years in prison.
many of the lawyers for the accused boycotted the hearing, demanding that the judge be recused and calling him a "butcher".
mohamed abdel waheb, a lawyer who represents 25 of the defendants, said the verdict was handed down in a court session lasting less than five minutes.
previously, he said, the single session in the trial lasted just four hours, during which the judge refused to listen to any arguments from the defence.
abdel nasser hassanien, standing outside the courtroom, said five of his relatives were among those sentenced to die, including his brother, ahmed hassenein abdelatty, 22.
"of the five only one is related to the muslim brotherhood, and he didn't do anything," he said.
global attention
judge saeed youssef first attracted international condemnation and prompted an outcry from human-rights groups after he handed down the initial sentence for the 528 defendants on march 24, following a brief trial marked by irregularities.
on monday he reversed 492 of those 529 death sentences, commuting most of them to life in prison.
among those freshly sentenced to death today was badie, the supreme guide of the muslim brotherhood - the group's most senior leader.
he is among 77 of 683 defendants in custody; the remainder were tried in absentia and have an automatic right to a retrial.
egyptian law requires that death sentences are confirmed by the presiding judge after a comment has been invited from the grand mufti of al azhar, the country's leading religious official.
the mufti's opinion to the judge is secret.
the guilty verdict and death sentences are still subject to appeal at the court of appeal.
"the case killed the credibility of the egyptian judicial system," said elmessiry of amnesty international.
the violence of which the defendants are accused took place on august 14 last year as news reached minya governorate that police had launched the deadly clearance of two sit-ins in cairo, held by supporters of former president mohamed morsi, who had recently been ousted after mass protests against his rule.
crowds in minya and elsewhere in southern egypt, apparently supporters of morsi, attacked police stations and churches, accusing christians of having supported his overthrow.
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ðə paʊər əv kɑrˈtunz wɑz ˈhaɪˌlaɪtɪd ˈæftər ˈʤænjuˌɛriz əˈtæk ɔn ðə frɛnʧ səˈtɪrɪkəl ˈmægəˌzin, ˈʧɑrli hebdo*, wɪn 12 ˈpipəl wər kɪld, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ faɪv ˈɑrtɪsts. "ˈprɑfɪts frəm ðə lɔrdz əv ˈpɑləˌtɪks məst bi ˈlukrətɪv," wən rɛd. ɪn ˈtoʊtəl, hi stændz əˈkjuzd əv naɪn ˈʧɑrʤɪz ˈəndər məˈleɪʒəz sɪˈdɪʃən ækt, wɪʧ deɪts frəm 1948 wɪn ðə ˌsaʊˈθist ˈeɪʒən ˈkəntri wɑz ə ˈbrɪtɪʃ ˈkɑləni. ðə wɑz ərˈɛstɪd ɪn ˈfɛbruˌɛri ˈæftər ˈpoʊstɪŋ səˈʤɛstɪŋ ðət məˈleɪʒən ˈʤəʤɪz wər biɪŋ braɪbd baɪ ˌpɑləˈtɪʃənz. vaɪs nuz mɛt ˈɑnwɑr hæk ˈjuʒəwəli noʊn ɛz æt ˈləndənz kɑrˈtun mˈjuziəm ɔn ˈtuzˌdeɪ, ˈʃɔrtli ˌbiˈfɔr hi wɑz du tɪ ˈtrævəl tɪ məˈleɪʒə tɪ stænd traɪəl. ə ˈfeɪməs məˈleɪʒən kɑrˈtunəst ɪz ˈfeɪsɪŋ 43 jɪrz ɪn ʤeɪl ˈəndər ə ˈbrɪtɪʃ ækt fər ənd hiz floʊn bæk hoʊm tɪ faɪt ðə ˈʧɑrʤɪz. rɛd mɔr ə ˈfeɪməs məˈleɪʒən kɑrˈtunəst ɪz ˈfeɪsɪŋ 43 jɪrz ɪn ʤeɪl ˈəndər ə ˈbrɪtɪʃ ækt fər ənd hiz floʊn bæk hoʊm tɪ faɪt ðə ˈʧɑrʤɪz. vaɪs nuz mɛt ˈɑnwɑr hæk ˈjuʒəwəli noʊn ɛz æt ˈləndənz kɑrˈtun mˈjuziəm ɔn ˈtuzˌdeɪ, ˈʃɔrtli ˌbiˈfɔr hi wɑz du tɪ ˈtrævəl tɪ məˈleɪʒə tɪ stænd traɪəl. ðə wɑz ərˈɛstɪd ɪn ˈfɛbruˌɛri ˈæftər ˈpoʊstɪŋ səˈʤɛstɪŋ ðət məˈleɪʒən ˈʤəʤɪz wər biɪŋ braɪbd baɪ ˌpɑləˈtɪʃənz. "ˈprɑfɪts frəm ðə lɔrdz əv ˈpɑləˌtɪks məst bi ˈlukrətɪv," wən rɛd. ɪn ˈtoʊtəl, hi stændz əˈkjuzd əv naɪn ˈʧɑrʤɪz ˈəndər məˈleɪʒəz sɪˈdɪʃən ækt, wɪʧ deɪts frəm 1948 wɪn ðə ˌsaʊˈθist ˈeɪʒən ˈkəntri wɑz ə ˈbrɪtɪʃ ˈkɑləni. ðə paʊər əv kɑrˈtunz wɑz ˈhaɪˌlaɪtɪd ˈæftər ˈʤænjuˌɛriz əˈtæk ɔn ðə frɛnʧ səˈtɪrɪkəl ˈmægəˌzin, ˈʧɑrli hebdo*, wɪn 12 ˈpipəl wər kɪld, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ faɪv ˈɑrtɪsts. laɪk ˈʧɑrli hebdo*, bʊks əv kɑrˈtunz ər kənˈsɪdərd ˌkɑntrəˈvərʃəl. ðeɪ hæv bɪn bænd əˈkrɔs məˈleɪʒə wɪθ əˈfɪʃəlz seɪɪŋ ðeɪ ˌɪnˈklud ˈkɑntɛnt "ˌdɛtrəˈmɛnəl tɪ ˈpəblɪk ˈɔrdər." ðoʊ hi meɪ bi ˌɪnˈkɑrsərˌeɪtɪd ənˈtɪl hɪz mid-nineties*, toʊld vaɪs nuz hi həz tɪ goʊ bæk. "ðɪs traɪəl ɪz ˈvɛri, ˈvɛri ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt, nɑt fər ˌmaɪˈsɛlf, bət fər ðə ˈkəntri," hi sɛd, bɪˈkəz waɪl ðə ˈgəvərnmənt kən dɪˈteɪn ˈɛnibədi ˈəndər ðə sɪˈdɪʃən ækt, wɪn hi əraɪvz ɪn kɔrt ɪt nidz tɪ bi "ˈligəli ˈʤəstəˌfaɪd." "waɪ du ðeɪ du ðɪs? ðə ˈprɛʃər [ɪz naʊ ɔn] ðə ˈgəvərnmənt, ənd aɪ noʊ aɪ gɪt gʊd səˈpɔrt frəm ðə ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl kəmˈjunɪti, ðə juˈnaɪtɪd nations…*… soʊ ðə wərld ɪz ˈwɑʧɪŋ maɪ traɪəl. soʊ ðət ɪz waɪ aɪ wɔnt tɪ goʊ bæk. aɪ wɔnt tɪ ɪkˈspoʊz ðɪs fər maɪ ˈkəntri, nɑt fər mi əˈloʊn, ənd ðə ˈgəvərnmənt wɪl gɪt ən əˈfɪʃəl traɪəl. ðɪs ɪz maɪ riˌspɑnsəˈbɪləti." æt 10 ˈdaʊnɪŋ strit, tɪ sɛnd ə 'kɑrˈtun noʊt' tɪ ˈbrɪtɪʃ piɛm, ˈdeɪvɪd ˈkæmərən kɑrˈtunəst 2 2015 toʊld vaɪs nuz ðət hɪz "fəˈlɑsəfi" wɪθ rɪˈgɑrdz tɪ wɑz ðət ðə "riˌspɑnsəˈbɪləti ɪz ˈbɪgər ðən fɪr." "ðɪs ɪz maɪ riˌspɑnsəˈbɪləti tɪ ˈrɪli meɪk θɪŋz ˈhæpən ənd ɪf ju doʊnt breɪk ðɪs ˈnoʊˌbɑˌdi wɪl, soʊ ˈsəmˌbɑdi həz tɪ du ðɪs ənd ɪts mi." rɪˈleɪtɪd: məˈleɪʒə ˌriɪntrəˈdusɪz ˌɪnˈdɛfənət dɪˈtɛnʃən tɪ stɑp 'ˈtɛrəˌrɪsts' ənd ˈmeɪbi tɪ kwɛl ˌɑpəˈzɪʃən hi ˈædɪd ðət hi ˈdɪdənt hæv məʧ hoʊp ɔn ðə ˈaʊtˌkəm bɪˈkəz hi filz ðoʊ "wi du hæv ə fju gʊd ˈʤəʤɪz," hi ˈdəzənt θɪŋk ðə ˈsɪstəm ɪz ˌɪndɪˈpɛndənt. "ðɛr ɪz ˈvɛri slɪm hoʊp fər ðoʊz ɪn ˈplɪtɪkli ˈmoʊtəˌveɪtəd ˈkeɪsɪz tɪ wɪn əˈgɛnst ðə ˈgəvərnmənt bɪˈkəz [ðə] ˈgəvərnmənt kənˈtroʊlz ðə hoʊl ˈsɪstəm." "aɪ doʊnt wɔnt tɪ θɪŋk soʊ məʧ əˈbaʊt ðə ˈaʊtˌkəm bɪˈkəz aɪ wɔnt tɪ ˈkɑnsənˌtreɪt ɔn drɔɪŋ kɑrˈtunz. ɪf aɪ θɪŋk soʊ məʧ əˈbaʊt ðət ɪt wɪl əˈfɛkt maɪ ˈaʊtˌpʊt. aɪ wɪl stɑrt tɪ ˈpræktɪs ˈsɛnsərˌʃɪp. soʊ aɪ doʊnt wɔnt tɪ du ðət." əˈnəðər tˈwɪtər fæn, məˈleɪʒən ˌɑpəˈzɪʃən ˈlidər ˈɑnwɑr ˌɪbrɑˈhim rɪˈmeɪnz ɪn ˈprɪzən, ˈfɑloʊɪŋ ə kənˈvɪkʃən fər ˈsɑdəmi wɪʧ wɑz əˈphɛld ɪn ˈfɛbruˌɛri, ˈlidɪŋ tɪ ə ˈfaɪvˌjɪr ˈsɛntəns. ðə ˈjuˈɛn ˈwərkɪŋ grup ɔn ˈɑrbɪˌtrɛri dɪˈtɛnʃən, wɪʧ ɪz əˈpɔɪntɪd baɪ ðə ˈjuˈɛn ˈjumən raɪts ˈkaʊnsəl, sɛd ɪn ə ˈlɛtər ˈərliər ðɪs wik ðət ðə kənˈvɪkʃən wɑz ˈplɪtɪkli ˈmoʊtəˌveɪtəd, waɪl ˈkɔlɪŋ fər ˌɪˈmiˌdiət riˈlis. toʊld vaɪs nuz hiz ə səˈpɔrtər əv ˈɑnwɑr. "ɪn məˈleɪʒə, wi ər ə ˈvɛri rɪʧ ˈkəntri, bət wi ər stɪl pur bɪˈkəz əv ðə kərˈəpʃən," hi sɛd. "ˈɑnwɑr kən [fɪks] this…*… hiz nɑt kərəpt ənd bɪˈkəz hiz nɑt kərəpt hi kən faɪt kərˈəpʃən ənd hi kən fɪks ðə ˈneɪʃən." sɛd ðɪs ɪkˈspleɪnz ˌɪmˈprɪzənmənt: "wɪn hi kəmz, fərst hi wɪl ˌɪntrəˈdus ˈmɛʒərz tɪ stɑp kərˈəpʃən ənd ɔl ðə ˈkroʊniz wɪl ɔl bi əˈfɛktɪd." ˈminˌwaɪl, bʊks rɪˈmeɪn bænd əˈkrɔs ðə ˈkəntri. "ðə fækt ðət ə ˈwərldˌklæs kɑrˈtunəst laɪk ˈstrəgəlz tɪ ˈpəblɪʃ hɪz wərk ɪn prɪnt ˈɛniˌwɛr ɪn məˈleɪʒə ɪz ən ˌɪndəˈkeɪʃən əv ðə ˈsɑri steɪt əv ˈfridəm," ˈdeɪvɪd ˈhaɪnmən, hu wərks wɪθ fri spiʧ ˌɔrgənəˈzeɪʃən ˈɪndɛks ɔn ˈsɛnsərˌʃɪp, toʊld vaɪs nuz. hi kənˈtɪnjud: "ðə ˈʧɑrʤɪz əˈgɛnst rɪsk ˈsaɪlənsɪŋ ˈɛni ˈkrɪtɪˌsɪzəm, dɪˈpraɪvɪŋ məˈleɪʒə əv dɪˈmɑkrəsi ˌɔltəˈgɛðər ðiz ˈspəriəs ˈʧɑrʤɪz məst bi drɑpt." ɪn əˈpɪnjən, ðə səˈprɛʃən əv fri spiʧ ɪn məˈleɪʒə ɪz ˈkɔzɪŋ ˈpipəl tɪ bɪˈkəm mɔr ənd mɔr "kriˈeɪtɪv." "aɪ drɔ ˈdeɪli," hi sɛd. "ɪn ðə ˈtæksi bɪtˈwin ˈmitɪŋz. wɛˈrɛvər aɪ goʊ aɪ wɪl drɔ. təˈdeɪ aɪ dru, təˈmɑˌroʊ ˈmɔrnɪŋ aɪ wɪl drɔ, ɪn ðə ˈɛrˌpleɪn aɪ wɪl drɔ əˈbaʊt wət ɪz ˈhæpənɪŋ ɪn məˈleɪʒə." ðə kɑrˈtunəst ˈɔlsoʊ kɔld ˈlæftər "ðə bɛst ˈproʊˌtɛst." "ɪt ɪz ˈvɛri ˈifɛktɪv, tɪ læf æt ðɛm. ənd ɪf mɔr ənd mɔr ˈpipəl teɪk pɑrt ənd læf æt ðə ˈgəvərnmənt ðɛr əˈbɪləˌti goʊz. bɪˈkəz ɪf ˈpipəl doʊnt rɪˈspɛkt ju ðeɪ læf æt ju. ənd ˈmɛni ˈpipəl teɪk pɑrt ɪn ðɪs baɪ ˈʃɛrɪŋ maɪ kɑrˈtunz." rɪˈleɪtɪd: məˈleɪʒəz praɪm ˈmɪnɪstər ʤɪst pərʤd hɪz ˈkæbənət ˈfɑloʊ ˈsæli ˈheɪdən ɔn tˈwɪtər:
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the power of cartoons was highlighted after january's attack on the french satirical magazine, charlie hebdo, when 12 people were killed, including five artists.
"profits from the lords of politics must be lucrative," one read. in total, he stands accused of nine charges under malaysia's colonial-era sedition act, which dates from 1948, when the southeast asian country was a british colony.
the 52-year-old was arrested in february after posting tweets suggesting that malaysian judges were being bribed by politicians.
vice news met zulkiflee anwar haque usually known as zunar at london's cartoon museum on tuesday, shortly before he was due to travel to malaysia to stand trial.
a famous malaysian cartoonist is facing 43 years in jail under a british colonial-era act for tweeting and he's flown back home to fight the charges.
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a famous malaysian cartoonist is facing 43 years in jail under a british colonial-era act for tweeting and he's flown back home to fight the charges.
vice news met zulkiflee anwar haque usually known as zunar at london's cartoon museum on tuesday, shortly before he was due to travel to malaysia to stand trial.
the 52-year-old was arrested in february after posting tweets suggesting that malaysian judges were being bribed by politicians.
"profits from the lords of politics must be lucrative," one read. in total, he stands accused of nine charges under malaysia's colonial-era sedition act, which dates from 1948, when the southeast asian country was a british colony.
the power of cartoons was highlighted after january's attack on the french satirical magazine, charlie hebdo, when 12 people were killed, including five artists.
like charlie hebdo, zunar's books of cartoons are considered controversial. they have been banned across malaysia with officials saying they include content "detrimental to public order."
though he may be incarcerated until his mid-nineties, zunar told vice news he has to go back. "this trial is very, very important, not for myself, but for the country," he said, because while the government can detain anybody under the sedition act, when he arrives in court it needs to be "legally justified."
"why do they do this? the pressure [is now on] the government, and i know i get good support from the international community, the united nations… so the world is watching my trial. so that is why i want to go back. i want to expose this for my country, not for me alone, and the government will get an official trial. this is my responsibility."
zunar at 10 downing street, to send a 'cartoon note' to british pm, david cameron zunar cartoonist (@zunarkartunis)november 2, 2015
zunar told vice news that his "philosophy" with regards to cartoon-drawing was that the "responsibility is bigger than fear."
"this is my responsibility to really make things happen and if you don't break this nobody will, so somebody has to do this and it's me."
related: malaysia reintroduces indefinite detention to stop 'terrorists' and maybe to quell opposition
he added that he didn't have much hope on the outcome because he feels though "we do have a few good judges," he doesn't think the system is independent. "there is very slim hope for those in politically motivated cases to win against the government because [the] government controls the whole system."
"i don't want to think so much about the outcome because i want to concentrate on drawing cartoons. if i think so much about that it will affect my output. i will start to practice censorship. so i don't want to do that."
another twitter fan, malaysian opposition leader anwar ibrahim remains in prison, following a conviction for sodomy which was upheld in february, leading to a five-year sentence.
the un working group on arbitrary detention, which is appointed by the un human rights council, said in a letter earlier this week that the conviction was politically motivated, while calling for anwar's immediate release.
zunar told vice news he's a supporter of anwar. "in malaysia, we are a very rich country, but we are still poor because of the corruption," he said. "anwar can [fix] this… he's not corrupt and because he's not corrupt he can fight corruption and he can fix the nation."
zunar said this explains anwar's imprisonment: "when he comes, first he will introduce measures to stop corruption and all the cronies will all be affected."
meanwhile, zunar's books remain banned across the country.
"the fact that a world-class cartoonist like zunar struggles to publish his work in print anywhere in malaysia is an indication of the sorry state of freedom," david heinemann, who works with free speech organization index on censorship, told vice news.
he continued: "the charges against zunar risk silencing any criticism, depriving malaysia of democracy altogether these spurious charges must be dropped."
in zunar's opinion, the suppression of free speech in malaysia is causing people to become more and more "creative."
"i draw daily," he said. "in the taxi between meetings. wherever i go i will draw. today i drew, tomorrow morning i will draw, in the airplane i will draw about what is happening in malaysia."
the cartoonist also called laughter "the best protest."
"it is very effective, to laugh at them. and if more and more people take part and laugh at the government their ability goes. because if people don't respect you they laugh at you. and many people take part in this by sharing my cartoons."
related: malaysia's scandal-plagued prime minister just purged his cabinet
follow sally hayden on twitter: @sallyhayd
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ənˈlɛs ˈsɛvərəl rɪˈpəblɪkənz tərn əˈgɛnst ˈsɛʃənz, ˈdɛməˌkræts ˈsɪmpli hæv ðə ˈnəmbərz tɪ blɑk hɪz ˌkɑnfərˈmeɪʃən. ˈbɑrɪŋ ə ˈbɑmˌʃɛl ˌrɛvəˈleɪʃən ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə ˈhirɪŋz ɔn ˈtuzˌdeɪ ənd ˈwɛnzˌdeɪ, ˈsɛʃənz wɪl ˈprɑbəˌbli bi ðə nɛkst əˈtərni ˈʤɛnərəl. bət ˈsɛʃənz stɪl hoʊldz ˌkɑntrəˈvərʃəl vjuz ɔn ˈmɛni ˈtɑpɪks, ənd ˈɛni slɪp əv ðə təŋ wɪn dɪˈskəsɪŋ ðɛm kʊd bi ə geɪm ˈʧeɪnʤər. ˈsɛʃənz həz ˈəðər θɪŋz ˈwərkɪŋ ɪn hɪz ˈfeɪvər ɛz wɛl: hi ˈfeɪsɪz ˈoʊnli tu deɪz əv kˈwɛsʧənɪŋ ˈfɔrmər əˈtərni ˈʤɛnərəl ʤɑn ˈæʃˌkrɔft, ðə læst ˈsɛnətər tɪ bɪˈkəm əˈtərni ˈʤɛnərəl, wɑz səˈbʤɛktɪd tɪ fɔr deɪz əv ˈhirɪŋz wɪn hi ʤɔɪnd ʤɔrʤ ˈdəbəlju. ˈkæbənət. ənd ˈoʊnli naɪn ˈaʊtˈsaɪd ˈwɪtnəs wɪl bi əˈlaʊd tɪ ˈtɛstɪˌfaɪ ˌbiˈfɔr ðə kəˈmɪti, kəmˈpɛrd tɪ 19 hu spoʊk ˈdʊrɪŋ ˈhirɪŋ. sɪns ˈsɛʃənz ɪz ə ˈmɛmbər əv ðə ˈsɛnɪt ʤuˈdɪʃiˌɛri kəˈmɪti, fəˈmɪljər ˈkɑligz wɪl bi ðə wənz ˈæskɪŋ ɪm kˈwɛsʧənz. ˈsɛʃənz sɛd hi wɑz ə ɪn ðə woods”*” ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə 1986 ˈhirɪŋz, ənd ðɪs taɪm əraʊnd, hi ɪz hɪmˈsɛlf fər ə ˈgrɪlɪŋ baɪ hɪz ˈkɑligz ɔn ðə ˈsɛnɪt ʤuˈdɪʃiˌɛri kəˈmɪti. ɪn ə kˌwɛsʧəˈnɛr hi priˈpɛrd fər ðə ˈhirɪŋz, ˈsɛʃənz ɔˈrɛdi traɪd tɪ ˈnutrəˌlaɪz ˈkrɪtɪˌsɪzəm əv hɪz ˈsɪvəl raɪts ˈrɛkərd, ənd hi ənd ˈəðər ˌnɑməˈniz hæv rɪˈpɔrtədli spɛnt mɔr ðən 70 aʊərz pərˈpɛrɪŋ wɪθ mɑk ˈhirɪŋz. ə ˈfɔrmər ˈfɛdərəl ˈprɑsɪˌkjutər ənd steɪt əˈtərni ˈʤɛnərəl ɪn ˌæləˈbæmə, ðə ˈsɛʃənz ɪz ə stɔnʧ kənˈsərvətɪv hu ɔˈrɛdi feɪld tɪ pæs ə ˈsɛnɪt ˌkɑnfərˈmeɪʃən ˈprɔˌsɛs wəns ˌbiˈfɔr ɪn hɪz kərɪr ɪn 1986 wɪn hi wɑz rɪˈʤɛktɪd fər ˈfɛdərəl ˈʤəʤˌʃɪp ˈoʊvər ˌæləˈgeɪʃənz əv ˈreɪˌsɪzəm. ə wik fər ˈsɛvərəl əv ˈdɑnəld ˈkæbənət ˌnɑməˈniz. waɪl hɪz pɪks fər ˈmɛni əv ðə ki pəˈzɪʃənz feɪs ˌkɑnfərˈmeɪʃən ˈhirɪŋz ɪn ðə ˈsɛnɪt, noʊ prəˈsidɪŋ ɪz ɪkˈspɛktɪd tɪ bi ɛz kənˈtɛnʃəs ɛz ðə wən fər ʤɛf ˈsɛʃənz, ðə ˌæləˈbæmə ˈsɛnətər ˈʧoʊzən baɪ trəmp tɪ lɛd ðə dɪˈpɑrtmənt əv ˈʤəstɪs. rɛd mɔr ə wik fər ˈsɛvərəl əv ˈdɑnəld ˈkæbənət ˌnɑməˈniz. waɪl hɪz pɪks fər ˈmɛni əv ðə ki pəˈzɪʃənz feɪs ˌkɑnfərˈmeɪʃən ˈhirɪŋz ɪn ðə ˈsɛnɪt, noʊ prəˈsidɪŋ ɪz ɪkˈspɛktɪd tɪ bi ɛz kənˈtɛnʃəs ɛz ðə wən fər ʤɛf ˈsɛʃənz, ðə ˌæləˈbæmə ˈsɛnətər ˈʧoʊzən baɪ trəmp tɪ lɛd ðə dɪˈpɑrtmənt əv ˈʤəstɪs. ə ˈfɔrmər ˈfɛdərəl ˈprɑsɪˌkjutər ənd steɪt əˈtərni ˈʤɛnərəl ɪn ˌæləˈbæmə, ðə ˈsɛʃənz ɪz ə stɔnʧ kənˈsərvətɪv hu ɔˈrɛdi feɪld tɪ pæs ə ˈsɛnɪt ˌkɑnfərˈmeɪʃən ˈprɔˌsɛs wəns ˌbiˈfɔr ɪn hɪz kərɪr ɪn 1986 wɪn hi wɑz rɪˈʤɛktɪd fər ˈfɛdərəl ˈʤəʤˌʃɪp ˈoʊvər ˌæləˈgeɪʃənz əv ˈreɪˌsɪzəm. ˈsɛʃənz sɛd hi wɑz ə ɪn ðə woods”*” ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə 1986 ˈhirɪŋz, ənd ðɪs taɪm əraʊnd, hi ɪz hɪmˈsɛlf fər ə ˈgrɪlɪŋ baɪ hɪz ˈkɑligz ɔn ðə ˈsɛnɪt ʤuˈdɪʃiˌɛri kəˈmɪti. ɪn ə kˌwɛsʧəˈnɛr hi priˈpɛrd fər ðə ˈhirɪŋz, ˈsɛʃənz ɔˈrɛdi traɪd tɪ ˈnutrəˌlaɪz ˈkrɪtɪˌsɪzəm əv hɪz ˈsɪvəl raɪts ˈrɛkərd, ənd hi ənd ˈəðər ˌnɑməˈniz hæv rɪˈpɔrtədli spɛnt mɔr ðən 70 aʊərz pərˈpɛrɪŋ wɪθ mɑk ˈhirɪŋz. ˈsɛʃənz həz ˈəðər θɪŋz ˈwərkɪŋ ɪn hɪz ˈfeɪvər ɛz wɛl: hi ˈfeɪsɪz ˈoʊnli tu deɪz əv kˈwɛsʧənɪŋ. ˈfɔrmər əˈtərni ˈʤɛnərəl ʤɑn ˈæʃˌkrɔft, ðə læst ˈsɛnətər tɪ bɪˈkəm əˈtərni ˈʤɛnərəl, wɑz səˈbʤɛktɪd tɪ fɔr deɪz əv ˈhirɪŋz wɪn hi ʤɔɪnd ʤɔrʤ ˈdəbəlju. ˈkæbənət. ənd ˈoʊnli naɪn ˈaʊtˈsaɪd ˈwɪtnəs wɪl bi əˈlaʊd tɪ ˈtɛstɪˌfaɪ ˌbiˈfɔr ðə kəˈmɪti, kəmˈpɛrd tɪ 19 hu spoʊk ˈdʊrɪŋ ˈhirɪŋ. sɪns ˈsɛʃənz ɪz ə ˈmɛmbər əv ðə ˈsɛnɪt ʤuˈdɪʃiˌɛri kəˈmɪti, fəˈmɪljər ˈkɑligz wɪl bi ðə wənz ˈæskɪŋ ɪm kˈwɛsʧənz. ənˈlɛs ˈsɛvərəl rɪˈpəblɪkənz tərn əˈgɛnst ˈsɛʃənz, ˈdɛməˌkræts ˈsɪmpli hæv ðə ˈnəmbərz tɪ blɑk hɪz ˌkɑnfərˈmeɪʃən. ˈbɑrɪŋ ə ˈbɑmˌʃɛl ˌrɛvəˈleɪʃən ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə ˈhirɪŋz ɔn ˈtuzˌdeɪ ənd ˈwɛnzˌdeɪ, ˈsɛʃənz wɪl ˈprɑbəˌbli bi ðə nɛkst əˈtərni ˈʤɛnərəl. bət ˈsɛʃənz stɪl hoʊldz ˌkɑntrəˈvərʃəl vjuz ɔn ˈmɛni ˈtɑpɪks, ənd ˈɛni slɪp əv ðə təŋ wɪn dɪˈskəsɪŋ ðɛm kʊd bi ə geɪm ˈʧeɪnʤər. wət tɪ wɔʧ fər: ˈsɪvəl raɪts wɪn ðə ˈsɛnɪt ʤuˈdɪʃiˌɛri kəˈmɪti snəbd ˈsɛʃənz ɪn 1986 hi wɑz ðə ˈsɛkənd ˌnɑməˈni ɪn 49 jɪrz tɪ bi rɪˈʤɛktɪd fər ə ˈfɛdərəl ˈʤəʤˌʃɪp. wən əv ðə meɪn ˈɪʃuz ðɛn ˌɪnˈvɑlvd ə keɪs wɛr ˈsɛʃənz wɑz əˈkjuzd əv səˈprɛsɪŋ blæk voʊts ɛz əˈtərni ˈʤɛnərəl. ˈaʊtˈsaɪd ðət keɪs, ˈsɛʃənz wɑz ˈɔlsoʊ əˈkjuzd əv rɪˈfərɪŋ tɪ ən ˈæfrɪkənəˈmɛrɪkən ˈkɑlig ɛz ““boy”*” ənd ˈkɔlɪŋ ðə ənd ˈəðər ˈsɪvəl raɪts grups ““un-american.”*.” ðə ˌæləˈgeɪʃənz bi ɪˈnəf tɪ sɪŋk ˈsɛʃənz ɔn ˈtuzˌdeɪ ənd ˈwɛnzˌdeɪ, bət hi wɪl bi fɔrst tɪ ˈæˌdrɛs ðə ˈɪʃu. ðə aclu*, huz ˈnæʃənəl ˈligəl koʊˈɔrdəˌneɪtər plænz tɪ ˈtɛstɪˌfaɪ ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə ˈhirɪŋz, həz sɛd sessions’*’ ˈrɛkərd sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt, ˈsɪriəs kˈwɛsʧənz əˈbaʊt hɪz hɑˈstɪləti tɪ ˈsɪvəl raɪts ənd ˈsɪvəl liberties.”*.” ˈmɛmbərz əv ðə kənˈgrɛʃənəl blæk ˈkɔkəs, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ˈsɪvəl raɪts ˈaɪkɑn rɛpriˈzɛtətɪv. ʤɑn luɪs, ər ˈɔlsoʊ ɪkˈspɛktɪd tɪ ˈtɛstɪˌfaɪ əˈgɛnst ˈsɛʃənz, hu wɪl ˈlaɪkli rɪˈvərs ˈmɛni əv ðə rɪˈfɔrmz ɛˈnæktəd baɪ ðə dɪˈpɑrtmənt əv ˈsɪvəl raɪts dɪˈvɪʒən ˈəndər ðə ˌoʊˈbɑmə ædˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃən. ˈsɛʃənz, ˌhaʊˈɛvər, həz ɔˈrɛdi gɔn ɔn ðə əˈfɛnsɪv, rɪˈkrutɪŋ blæk ˈkɑligz tɪ spik ɔn hɪz bɪˈhæf ənd ˈlɪstɪŋ ɔn ə kˌwɛsʧəˈnɛr ˈsɛvərəl ˈsɪvəl raɪts hi handled”*” ɛz ˈprɑsɪˌkjutər, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ fɔr ˈvoʊtɪŋ raɪts ˈkeɪsɪz ənd wən rɪˈgɑrdɪŋ skul ˌdisɛgrəˈgeɪʃən. ˈʤəstɪs dɪˈpɑrtmənt əˈfɪʃəlz, ˌhaʊˈɛvər, sɛd hɪz ˌɪnˈvɑlvmənt ɪn ðə ˈkeɪsɪz wɑz ““minimal”*” ɪn ˌriˈæləˌti. ˌɪməˈgreɪʃən ðə dɪˈfaɪnɪŋ ˈɪʃu əv sessions’*’ kərɪr ɪn ðə ˈsɛnɪt həz bɪn hɪz stæns ɔn ˌɪməˈgreɪʃən, ənd ɛz əˈtərni ˈʤɛnərəl, hi wʊd wild trɪˈmɛndəs paʊər ˈoʊvər ˌɪməˈgreɪʃən ɛnˈfɔrsmənt. ˈsɛʃənz həz rɪˈpitɪdli tɔrˈpiˌdoʊd ˌlɛʤəsˈleɪʃən tɪ grænt ənˈdɑkjəmɛnɪd ˈɪməgrənts ə pæθ tɪ ˈsɪtɪzənˌʃɪp, kleɪmd ðət ˈɪməgrənts ər ˈteɪkɪŋ ʤɑbz frəm əˈmɛrɪkənz, ənd, laɪk trəmp, kɔld fər ˈbɪldɪŋ ə wɔl əˈlɔŋ ðə ˈbɔrdər. waɪl hɪz ˈstoʊnˌwɔlɪŋ əv ˌkɑmpriˈhɛnsɪv ˌɪməˈgreɪʃən rɪˈfɔrm wən ˈsɛʃənz fju frɛndz ɔn ˈiðər saɪd əv ðə aɪəl ɪn ðə ˈsɛnɪt, ənˈlaɪkli ðət ˈɛni əv ðoʊz ˈgrəʤɪz wɪl lɛd hɪz ˈkɑligz ɔn ðə ˈsɛnɪt ʤuˈdɪʃiˌɛri kəˈmɪti tɪ voʊt əˈgɛnst ɪm. ˈsɛʃənz hoʊldz səm ɪkˈstrim pəˈzɪʃənz laɪk kˈwɛsʧənɪŋ ˈwɛðər ðə əˈmɛndmənt ˌgɛrənˈtiz ˈʧɪldrən bɔrn ɪn ðə juz. ðə raɪt tɪ ˈsɪtɪzənˌʃɪp. bət trəmp wən ðə ˈprɛzɪdənsi, ɪn pɑrt, bɪˈkəz əv hɪz ˈpoʊlərˌaɪzɪŋ vjuz ɔn ˌɪməˈgreɪʃən, ənd sessions’*’ pəˈzɪʃənz maɪt wərk ɪn hɪz ˈfeɪvər ɪn ðə ˈkɑrənt pəˈlɪtɪkəl ˈklaɪmɪt. ˌmɛrəˈwɑnə ɛz əˈtərni ˈʤɛnərəl, ˈsɛʃənz wʊd ˈoʊvərˌsi ðə di ənd dɪˈrɛkt ˈfɛdərəl ˈprɑsɪˌkjutərz əˈkrɔs ðə ˈkəntri. ðət gɪvz ɪm brɔd dɪˈskrɛʃən ˈoʊvər juz. drəg ˈpɑləsi, wɪʧ kʊd bi bæd nuz fər səˈpɔrtərz əv ˌmɛrəˈwɑnə ˌligələˈzeɪʃən. ˈsɛʃənz rɪˈmɑrkt ˈdʊrɪŋ ə ˈsɛnɪt ˈhirɪŋ ɪn ˈeɪprəl ðət ˈpipəl smoʊk marijuana.”*.” hi ˈɔlsoʊ sɛd, nid ˈgroʊˌnəps ɪn ˈwɔʃɪŋtən tɪ seɪ ˌmɛrəˈwɑnə ɪz nɑt ðə kaɪnd əv θɪŋ ðət ɔt tɪ bi ˈligəˌlaɪzd, ɪt ɔt nɑt tɪ bi ˈmɪnəˌmaɪzd, ðət ɪt ɪz ɪn fækt ə ˈvɛri ril danger.”*.” ˈligəl wid wən bɪg ɪn ðə noʊˈvɛmbər ɪˈlɛkʃən, wɪθ fɔr steɪts ˈvoʊtɪŋ tɪ ˈligəˌlaɪz ðə drəg fər ˌrɛkriˈeɪʃənəl juz. poʊlz ʃoʊ ðət ðə məˈʤɔrəti əv əˈmɛrɪkənz, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ˈmɛni rɪˈpəblɪkənz, naʊ ˈfeɪvər ˈɛndɪŋ ˌmɛrəˈwɑnə ˌproʊəˈbɪʃən. ðə groʊɪŋ kənˈsɛnsəs kʊd lɛd tɪ səm ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪŋ kˈwɛsʧənz ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə ˌkɑnfərˈmeɪʃən ˈhirɪŋ, wɪθ ˈsɛnətərz pəˈtɛnʃəli ˈæskɪŋ ˈsɛʃənz ˈwɛðər hi wʊd rɪˈspɛkt steɪt dɪˈsɪʒənz ɔn ˌligələˈzeɪʃən, ɛz trəmp həz ˈɪndəˌkeɪtɪd du. ɪn ə muv tɪ ˈræli ɪts ˈmɛmbərz ˈoʊvər ðə pæst wik, ðə ˈnæʃənəl ˌɔrgənəˈzeɪʃən fər ðə rɪˈfɔrm əv ˌmɛrəˈwɑnə lɔz (norml*), ðə ˌmɛrəˈwɑnə grup, həz ərʤd ˈpipəl tɪ kɔl ðɛr ˈsɛnətərz ənd tɛl ðɛm tɪ kənˈfrənt ˈsɛʃənz əˈbaʊt hɪz ˈpipəl smoʊk marijuana”*” ˈkɑmɛnt. hi ˈtruli bɪˈlivz səʧ ən aʊˈtreɪʤəs claim,”*,” ɪgˈzɛkjətɪv dɪˈrɛktər ˈɛrɪk ɑlˈtɪri sɛd, ʃʊd nɑt bi ðə nɛkst əˈtərni general.”*.” raɪts ˈsɛʃənz həz sɛd ðət ˌseɪmˈsɛks ˈmɛrɪʤ θˈrɛtənz əˈmɛrɪkən ˈkəlʧər ənd ˈpriviəsli fɔt tɪ dɪˈnaɪ ˈfəndɪŋ fər ˈstudənt grups. hi əˈkjuzd ðə səˈprim kɔrt əv ˌənˌkɑnstəˈtuʃənəl ““overreach”*” fər əˈphoʊldɪŋ ðə raɪt tɪ ˈmɛrɪʤ ɪkˈwɑləti ənd ˈviəməntli əˈpoʊzd ðə ˈmæθju ˈʃɛpərd ækt əv 2009 wɪʧ əˈlaʊz ˈfɛdərəl əˈθɔrətiz tɪ ˈprɑsəˌkjut heɪt kraɪmz ˈivɪn wɪn ˈloʊkəl əˈθɔrətiz ˈrɛfˌjuz. ɪf kənˈfərmd, ˈsɛʃənz wʊd lɛd ðə ˈsɪvəl raɪts dɪˈvɪʒən ənd kʊd rɪˈvərs ˈmɛni əv ðə ˌoʊˈbɑmə ˈpɑləsiz ɔn ɪkˈwɑləti. ˈgɪvɪn ðət ˈmɛni rɪˈpəblɪkənz ʃɛr hɪz ˈsoʊʃəli kənˈsərvətɪv vjuz, hi ˈprɑbəˌbli ʃaɪ əˈweɪ frəm hɪz pəˈzɪʃənz ˈəndər kˈwɛsʧənɪŋ.
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unless several republicans turn against sessions, democrats simply have the numbers to block his confirmation. barring a bombshell revelation during the hearings on tuesday and wednesday, sessions will probably be the next attorney general. but sessions still holds controversial views on many topics, and any slip of the tongue when discussing them could be a game changer.
sessions has other things working in his favor as well: he faces only two days of questioning . former attorney general john ashcroft, the last senator to become attorney general, was subjected to four days of hearings when he joined george w. cabinet. and only nine outside witness will be allowed to testify before the committee, compared to 19 who spoke during ashcroft’s hearing. since sessions is a member of the senate judiciary committee, familiar colleagues will be the ones asking him questions.
sessions said he was a “babe in the woods” during the 1986 hearings, and this time around, he is steeling himself for a grilling by his colleagues on the republican-controlled senate judiciary committee. in a questionnaire he prepared for the hearings, sessions already tried to neutralize criticism of his civil rights record, and he and other nominees have reportedly spent more than 70 hours preparing with mock hearings.
a former federal prosecutor and state attorney general in alabama, the 70-year-old sessions is a staunch conservative who already failed to pass a senate confirmation process once before in his career — in 1986 when he was rejected for federal judgeship over allegations of racism.
it’s a make-or-break week for several of president-elect donald trump’s cabinet nominees. while his picks for many of the administration’s key positions face confirmation hearings in the senate, no proceeding is expected to be as contentious as the one for jeff sessions, the alabama senator chosen by trump to lead the department of justice.
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it’s a make-or-break week for several of president-elect donald trump’s cabinet nominees. while his picks for many of the administration’s key positions face confirmation hearings in the senate, no proceeding is expected to be as contentious as the one for jeff sessions, the alabama senator chosen by trump to lead the department of justice.
a former federal prosecutor and state attorney general in alabama, the 70-year-old sessions is a staunch conservative who already failed to pass a senate confirmation process once before in his career — in 1986 when he was rejected for federal judgeship over allegations of racism.
sessions said he was a “babe in the woods” during the 1986 hearings, and this time around, he is steeling himself for a grilling by his colleagues on the republican-controlled senate judiciary committee. in a questionnaire he prepared for the hearings, sessions already tried to neutralize criticism of his civil rights record, and he and other nominees have reportedly spent more than 70 hours preparing with mock hearings.
sessions has other things working in his favor as well: he faces only two days of questioning. former attorney general john ashcroft, the last senator to become attorney general, was subjected to four days of hearings when he joined george w. cabinet. and only nine outside witness will be allowed to testify before the committee, compared to 19 who spoke during ashcroft’s hearing. since sessions is a member of the senate judiciary committee, familiar colleagues will be the ones asking him questions.
unless several republicans turn against sessions, democrats simply have the numbers to block his confirmation. barring a bombshell revelation during the hearings on tuesday and wednesday, sessions will probably be the next attorney general. but sessions still holds controversial views on many topics, and any slip of the tongue when discussing them could be a game changer.
here’s what to watch for:
civil rights
when the republican-controlled senate judiciary committee snubbed sessions in 1986, he was the second nominee in 49 years to be rejected for a federal judgeship. one of the main issues then involved a case where sessions was accused of suppressing black votes as alabama’s attorney general. outside that case, sessions was also accused of referring to an african-american colleague as “boy” and calling the naacp and other civil rights groups “un-american.”
the decades-old allegations won’t be enough to sink sessions on tuesday and wednesday, but he will be forced to address the issue. the aclu, whose national legal coordinator plans to testify during the hearings, has said sessions’ record “raises significant, serious questions about his hostility to civil rights and civil liberties.” members of the congressional black caucus, including civil rights icon rep. john lewis, are also expected to testify against sessions, who will likely reverse many of the reforms enacted by the department of justice’s civil rights division under the obama administration.
sessions, however, has already gone on the offensive, recruiting black colleagues to speak on his behalf and listing on a pre-hearing questionnaire several civil rights he “personally handled” as prosecutor, including four voting rights cases and one regarding school desegregation. justice department officials, however, said his involvement in the cases was “minimal” in reality.
immigration
the defining issue of sessions’ career in the senate has been his ultra-hard-line stance on immigration, and as attorney general, he would wield tremendous power over immigration enforcement. sessions has repeatedly torpedoed legislation to grant undocumented immigrants a path to citizenship, claimed that immigrants are taking jobs from americans, and, like trump, called for building a wall along the u.s.-mexico border.
while his stonewalling of comprehensive immigration reform won sessions few friends on either side of the aisle in the senate, unlikely that any of those grudges will lead his colleagues on the senate judiciary committee to vote against him. sessions holds some extreme positions — like questioning whether the 14th amendment guarantees children born in the u.s. the right to citizenship. but trump won the presidency, in part, because of his polarizing views on immigration, and sessions’ far-right positions might work in his favor in the current political climate.
marijuana
as attorney general, sessions would oversee the dea and direct federal prosecutors across the country. that gives him broad discretion over u.s. drug policy, which could be bad news for supporters of marijuana legalization.
sessions remarked during a senate hearing in april that “good people smoke marijuana.” he also said, “we need grown-ups in washington to say marijuana is not the kind of thing that ought to be legalized, it ought not to be minimized, that it is in fact a very real danger.”
legal weed won big in the november election, with four states voting to legalize the drug for recreational use. polls show that the majority of americans, including many republicans, now favor ending marijuana prohibition. the growing consensus could lead to some interesting questions during the confirmation hearing, with senators potentially asking sessions whether he would respect state decisions on legalization, as trump has indicated he’ll do.
in a move to rally its members over the past week, the national organization for the reform of marijuana laws (norml), the pro-legalization marijuana group, has urged people to call their senators and tell them to confront sessions about his “good people smoke marijuana” comment.
“if he truly believes such an outrageous claim,” norml executive director erik altieri said, “he should not be the next attorney general.”
lgbt rights
sessions has said that same-sex marriage threatens american culture and previously fought to deny funding for lgbt student groups. he accused the supreme court of unconstitutional “overreach” for upholding the right to marriage equality and vehemently opposed the matthew shepard act of 2009, which allows federal authorities to prosecute anti-gay hate crimes even when local authorities refuse.
if confirmed, sessions would lead the doj’s civil rights division and could reverse many of the obama administration’s policies on lgbt equality. given that many republicans share his socially conservative views, he probably won’t shy away from his positions under questioning.
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they’ve* ˈriəˌlaɪzd ðət ðeɪ bleɪm ðə grin ˈpɑrti ˈkænədɪt fər ðɛr ˈhɔrəbəl lɔs, soʊ naʊ ˈbleɪmɪŋ ˈbərni ˈsændərz. ɪn wət ɪz ˈizəli ðə ˈsɪŋgəl moʊst ˌɪnfˈjʊriˌeɪtɪŋ θɪŋ ðət aɪ hæv rɛd sɪns ðə ɪˈlɛkʃən, taɪm həz ˈpəblɪʃt ə pərˈnɪʃəs ˈskeɪpˌgoʊtɪŋ smɪr pis ˈtaɪtəld ðə 2016 rælf ˈneɪdər əˈwɔrd goʊz to…*… ˈbərni sanders,”*,” wɛˈrɪn ðə ˈɔθər, gɪl trɔɪ, əˈtɛmpts tɪ bleɪm ðə kəˈlɑsəl ˈbləndərz ənd dɪˈsitfəl məˌnɪpjəˈleɪʃənz əv ðə ˈklɪntən kæmˈpeɪn ənd ðə ɪˈlits əv ðə ˌdɛməˈkrætɪk ˈpɑrti ɔn ðə ˈvɛri mæn ðiz ˈpipəl ənd ðɛr ˈpəndɪts ˈæktɪvli ˈleɪbərd tɪ ˈsæbəˌtɑʒ, hu ˈɔlsoʊ ˈhæpənz tɪ bi ðə ˈvɛri mæn hu wi ɔl noʊ (ˈwɛðər wi ədˈmɪt ɪt ər nɑt) wʊd moʊst ˈsərtənli hæv krəʃt ˈdɑnəld trəmp ɪn ə ˈʤɛnərəl ɪˈlɛkʃən. nəl trɔɪ, ˈɔθər əv ˌənəˌpɑləˈʤɛtɪk ˈkɔrpərət hæk ˈpisɪz ˈpəblɪʃt baɪ taɪm wɪθ səʧ ˈtɪʧələr ʤɛmz ɛz ‘‘clintipathy’*’: ə ˌpæθəˈlɑʤɪkəl ˈheɪtrəd əv ðə clintons”*” ənd ˈklɪntən ʃʊd ɪmˈbreɪs hər centrism,”*,” simz tɪ hæv dən ðə mæθ ənd ˈriəˌlaɪzd ðət noʊ weɪ tɪ ˌriəˈlɪstɪkli bleɪm ˈɛpɪk kræʃ ənd bərn ɔn ðə ˈoʊnli prəˈgrɛsɪv ɪn ðə reɪs, ʤɪl staɪn, hu dɪd nɑt ˈgɑrnər ə sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt ˈnəmbər əv voʊts ðət wʊd hæv ˈəðərˌwaɪz gɔn tɪ ˈklɪntən. ˈrəðər ðən ˈsɪmpli əˈbændən ðət ˌɪnˈsɪpəd ˈstrætəʤi ɪn ˈfeɪvər əv ˈsəmθɪŋ ˈæŋkərd ɪn truθ ənd ˌriˈæləˌti, ˌhaʊˈɛvər, trɔɪ ɑpts tɪ ˈtrævəl bæk ɪn taɪm ənd ˌrɛtroʊˈæktɪvli bleɪm pəˈθɛtɪk flɑp ɛz ə ˈkænədɪt ɔn ˈsɛnətər ˈbərni ˈsændərz, hu rɪˈlɛntləsli kæmˈpeɪnd fər ˈklɪntən frəm ðə taɪm hi ɛnˈdɔrst hər ɪn ˌʤuˈlaɪ ənˈtɪl ðə ˈʤɛnərəl ɪˈlɛkʃən læst wik. aɪˈrɑnɪkli twaɪs ˈjuzɪŋ ðə wərd ““vampire”*” tɪ dɪˈskraɪb sanders’*’ ˈifɛkt ɔn ðə ˈklɪntən kæmˈpeɪn, ðɪs ˌɪndəˈvɪʤəwəl əˈtɛmpts tɪ spɪn ˈhaɪli ˈifɛktɪv əˈpil tɪ ðə pəˈlɪtɪkəl lɛft (kɔld democrats’*’ ɪkˈstrim flank”*” baɪ trɔɪ ɪn ə kənˈvinjənt oʊˈmɪʃən əv ðə ˌriˈæləˌti ðət ˈsændərz ɪz ɛˈsɛnʃəli ə ˈsɛntrɪst baɪ ˈgloʊbəl ˈstændərdz) ɛz ˈhævɪŋ hæd ə ˈnɛgətɪv ˌɪmˈpækt əˈpɑn kæmˈpeɪn baɪ ˈfɔrsɪŋ hər tɪ kəm əˈkrɔs ɛz ˈsəmˈwət lɛs əv ə ˈhɛnʧmən fər ðə wən pərˈsɛnt ðən ʃi ɔˈrɛdi ɪz, ˈhɛvən fərˈbɪd. daɪˈnæmɪk ˈfɑloʊd ə ˈklæsɪk hɪˈstɔrɪkəl ˈpætərn. ˈsændərz dru ˈklɪntən frəm ðə ˈsɛnər təˈwɔrd ðə democrats’*’ ɪkˈstrim flank,”*,” trɔɪ bloviated*. ʃɪft ˈpɛrəˌlɛld ˈʤɪmi ˈlɛftwərd lərʧ wɪn tɛd ˈkɛnədi ræn ɪn 1980 ənd ʤɔrʤ h.w*. ˈraɪtˌwɪŋ swərv wɪn pæt bjuˈkænən rɪˈbɛld ɪn 1992 iʧ taɪm, ðə ˈfrənˌtrənərz fɛlt fɔrst tɪ ˈpleɪkeɪt ˈlɔɪəlɪsts ðeɪ ʃʊd hæv bɪn ˈeɪbəl tɪ teɪk fər ˈgrænɪd, waɪl ɛmˈbreɪsɪŋ ɪkˈstrim pəˈzɪʃənz ðət ˈhɔntɪd ðɛm ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə ˈʤɛnərəl ɪˈlɛkʃən campaign.”*.” ˈlɔɪəlɪsts ðeɪ ʃʊd hæv bɪn ˈeɪbəl tɪ teɪk fər granted.”*.” raɪt, gɪl. bɪˈkəz jʊr ɪˈlitɪst traɪb əv ˌnioʊˈlɪbərəlz ər ɛnˈtaɪtəld tɪ ɑr voʊts, ju? prɑˈgrɛsɪvz ər ʤɪst voʊt ˈkætəl ðət ju hərd ˈɪntu ðə ˈpoʊlɪŋ sˈlɔtərˌhaʊs ɪn noʊˈvɛmbər ənd ðɛn fərˈgɛt əˈbaʊt, ðeɪ? nəl nɑt wəns ˈɛniˌwɛr ɪn hɪz ɪnˈtaɪər əˈpɔlɪŋ ˈɑrtɪkəl dɪz trɔɪ ˈmɛnʃən ðə ˈtæktɪks ðə ˈklɪntən kæmˈpeɪn ɪmˈplɔɪd ɪn ðə ˈpraɪˌmɛriz ər ðə ˌɪˈlɪsət ənd kəˈluʒən əˈgɛnst ˈsændərz baɪ ðə ˈdiˌɛnˌsi wɪθ ðə ˈklɪntən kæmˈpeɪn ənd ðə ˈkɔrpərət ˈmidiə, nɔr ðə ˈstənɪŋ əˈmaʊnt əv kərˈəpʃən rɪˈvild ɪn likt ˈdɑkjəmənts frəm, nɔr ðə fækt ðət ˈklɪntən wɑz ˈəndər ˈməltəpəl ˈɛfˈbiˈaɪ ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃənz, nɔr ðə likt rɪˈkɔrdɪŋ əv hər æt prɑˈgrɛsɪvz ɛz naɪiv ˈbeɪsmənt dˈwɛlərz, nɔr ðə fækt ðət hər feɪnd ˈdɛfərəns tɪ ðə pəˈlɪtɪkəl lɛft kʊd ˈnɛvər bi bɪˈlivd baɪ ə ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃən ðət noʊz ʃi həz ə ˈpəblɪk ənd ə ˈpraɪvət position.”*.” nɑt wəns dɪd hi ˈmɛnʃən ˈɛni əv ðiz θɪŋz. ɪt ˈpɑsəbli hæv bɪn ðət, kʊd ɪt gɪl? ɪt kən ˈoʊnli bi ðət ʃi traɪd tɪ muv tu fɑr tɪ ðə lɛft? bɪˈkəz ðə jɪr 2000 əˈgɛn ənd ðə prəˈgrɛsɪv ˌrɛvəˈluʃən ˈhæpənd jɛt, raɪt gɪl? gɪl simz tɪ θɪŋk soʊ. hi məst, ər hi bi əˈtɛmptɪŋ tɪ ˌrɛzərˈɛkt ðə ˌɑbsəˈlit dɪˌzɪnfərˈmeɪʃən ˈtæktɪk ˈdɛməˌkræts ɪmˈplɔɪd ˈæftər ðɛr ˈfeɪljərz ɪn ðə 2000 ɪˈlɛkʃən kɔst ðɛm ðə waɪt haʊs ɪn ˈɔrdər tɪ ʃɔr əp ˈpɑrti ˈlɔɪəlti ənd kɪl ðɛr ˌkɑmpəˈtɪʃən tɪ ðə lɛft ɪn ðə grin ˈpɑrti. ɪn ə ˈdɛljuʤ əv laɪz ðət hæv bɪn ˈθəroʊli dɪˈbəŋkt taɪm ənd taɪm əˈgɛn baɪ ˈsɔrsəz laɪk ðɪs ˈɑrtɪkəl baɪ disinfo*, ðə ˈdɛməˌkræts ənd ðɛr ˈmidiə ˈməpɪts ˈpaʊndɪd hoʊm ˈoʊvər ənd ˈoʊvər əˈgɛn ðə bɪˈzɑr ˈnɛrətɪv ðət æl gɔr lɔst tɪ ʤɔrʤ ˈdəbəlju. bʊʃ nɑt bɪˈkəz hi wɑz ən əˈnɪntrəstɪŋ bɪl ˈklɪntən hu ræn səʧ ə ˈhɔrəbəl kæmˈpeɪn ɔn səʧ ən ˈplætˌfɔrm ðət ˈmɪljənz əv ˈdɛməˌkræts ˈvoʊtɪd fər ðə rɪˈpəblɪkən ˈkænədɪt, bət bɪˈkəz grin ˈpɑrti ˈkænədɪt rælf ˈneɪdər gɑt ə fju ˈθaʊzənd voʊts ɪn ˈflɔrɪdə. baɪ ðə əˈmɛrɪkən ˈpipəl ˈɪntu ðɪs pərˈspɛktɪv θru ʃɪr roʊt ˌrɛpəˈtɪʃən ˈspoʊkən baɪ ˈtɔkɪŋ hɛdz ɪn ən əˈθɔrəˌteɪtɪv toʊn, ðeɪ wər ˈeɪbəl tɪ stɑp juz. ˈpɑləˌtɪks frəm ˈmuvɪŋ tɪ ðə lɛft ənd ˈkæʧɪŋ əp wɪθ ðə rɛst əv ðə ˈwɛstərn wərld ɪn ˈhɛlθˌkɛr, ˌɛʤəˈkeɪʃən, ˌɪnfrəˈstrəkʧər, ˈsoʊʃəl sɪˈkjʊrəti, ənd wɛlθ ˌdɪstrəˈbjuʃən. nəl ɪn boʊθ ˈkeɪsɪz, wɪθ ˈneɪdər ənd wɪθ ˈsændərz, ðə ˌdɛməˈkrætɪk ˈpɑrti həz əˈtækt ðə pəˈlɪtɪkəl ˈmuvmənt tɪ ðə lɛft wɪθ ə bərɑʒ əv dɪˈsit ɪn ˈɔrdər tɪ kip ðoʊz hu ɛz trɔɪ sɪz ðeɪ bi ˈeɪbəl tɪ teɪk fər granted”*” frəm dɪˈvɛləpɪŋ ə spaɪn ənd ˌɪnˈsɪstɪŋ ɔn ˈgɪtɪŋ ðɛr weɪ, laɪk ðə ˈkrɪsʧɪn raɪt dɪz wɪθ ðə rɪˈpəblɪkənz. ənd ɪf trɔɪ ɪz ˈspɪnɪŋ ðɪs laɪ, wi meɪ bi ʃʊr ðət ˈəðər ˌnioʊˈlɪbərəl ˈpəndɪts wɪl ˈfɑloʊ sut, ʤɪst laɪk ðeɪ dɪd ɪn 2000 bət aɪ kɔl ðɪs ˈtæktɪk ˌɑbsəˈlit fər ə ˈrizən; nɑt ðə jɪr 2000 ˌɛniˈmɔr. ˈpipəl kən kəmˈjunəˌkeɪt wɪθ iʧ ˈəðər tɪ ən ɪnˈtaɪərli ənˈprɛsɪˌdɛntɪd ɪkˈstɛnt æt ən ɪnˈtaɪərli ənˈprɛsɪˌdɛntɪd spid; ɛz kˈwɪkli ɛz ðiz laɪz ər ˈsərkjəˌleɪtɪd, ðeɪ ər dɪˈbəŋkt. ðə ˈɪntərˌnɛt həz fərˈɛvər ʧeɪnʤd ðə weɪ ˈpɑləˌtɪks ˈhæpən, ənd ɔlˈtərnətɪv ˈmidiə, ˈsoʊʃəl ˈmidiə, ənd ər ˈrɛsəlɪŋ mɔr ənd mɔr kənˈtroʊl əv ðə ˈpəblɪk ˈnɛrətɪv əˈweɪ frəm ðə ˈlɛgəsi ˈmidiə ðət juzd tɪ məˈnɑpəˌlaɪz ɪt. kaɪnd əv hɪˈlɛriəs ðət ðeɪ ɪkˈspɛkt ðɪs ˈtæktɪk tɪ wərk, ˈɑnəstli. ðeɪ ˈriəˌlaɪz ðət ðɛr rɪˈdɪkjələs θɪŋk tæŋk ˈbreɪnˌʧaɪld wɪl bi tɪ dɛθ ˌbiˈfɔr ðə ˈwiˌkɪnd. [ˈfiʧərd ˈɪmɪʤ baɪ ˈʤækwɪlɪn ˈɪmɪʤɪz]
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they’ve realized that they can’t blame the green party candidate for their horrible candidate’s loss, so now they’re blaming bernie sanders.
in what is easily the single most infuriating thing that i have read since the election, time has published a pernicious scapegoating smear piece titled “and the 2016 ralph nader award goes to… bernie sanders,” wherein the author, gil troy, attempts to blame the colossal blunders and deceitful manipulations of the clinton campaign and the elites of the democratic party on the very man these people and their pundits actively labored to sabotage, who also happens to be the very man who we all know (whether we admit it or not) would most certainly have crushed donald trump in a general election.
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troy, author of unapologetic corporate hack pieces published by time with such titular gems as “understanding ‘clintipathy’: a pathological hatred of the clintons” and “hillary clinton should embrace her centrism,” seems to have done the math and realized that there’s no way to realistically blame clinton’s epic crash and burn on the only progressive in the race, jill stein, who did not garner a significant number of votes that would have otherwise gone to clinton. rather than simply abandon that insipid strategy in favor of something anchored in truth and reality, however, troy opts to travel back in time and retroactively blame clinton’s pathetic flop as a candidate on senator bernie sanders, who relentlessly campaigned for clinton from the time he endorsed her in july until the general election last week.
ironically twice using the word “vampire” to describe sanders’ effect on the clinton campaign, this individual attempts to spin bernie’s highly effective appeal to the political left (called “the democrats’ extreme flank” by troy in a convenient omission of the reality that sanders is essentially a centrist by global standards) as having had a negative impact upon hillary’s campaign by forcing her to come across as somewhat less of a henchman for the one percent than she already is, heaven forbid.
“this dynamic followed a classic historical pattern. sanders drew clinton from the center toward the democrats’ extreme flank,” troy bloviated. “that shift paralleled jimmy carter’s leftward lurch when ted kennedy ran in 1980, and george h.w. bush’s rightwing swerve when pat buchanan rebelled in 1992. each time, the frontrunners felt forced to placate loyalists they should have been able to take for granted, while embracing extreme positions that haunted them during the general election campaign.”
“placate loyalists they should have been able to take for granted.” right, gil. because your elitist tribe of neoliberals are entitled to our votes, aren’t you? progressives are just vote cattle that you herd into the polling slaughterhouse in november and then forget about, aren’t they?
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not once anywhere in his entire appalling article does troy mention the vote-repressing tactics the clinton campaign employed in the primaries or the illicit and charter-violating collusion against sanders by the dnc with the clinton campaign and the corporate media, nor the stunning amount of corruption revealed in leaked documents from wikileaks, nor the fact that clinton was under multiple fbi investigations, nor the leaked recording of her scoffing at progressives as naive basement dwellers, nor the fact that her feigned deference to the political left could never be believed by a population that knows she has “both a public and a private position.”
not once did he mention any of these things. it can’t possibly have been that, could it gil? it can only be that she tried to move too far to the left? because it’s the year 2000 again and the progressive revolution hasn’t happened yet, right gil?
gil seems to think so. he must, or he wouldn’t be attempting to resurrect the obsolete disinformation tactic democrats employed after their failures in the 2000 election cost them the white house in order to shore up party loyalty and kill their competition to the left in the green party. in a deluge of lies that have been thoroughly debunked time and time again by sources like this article by disinfo, the democrats and their bought-and-paid-for media muppets pounded home over and over again the bizarre narrative that al gore lost to george w. bush not because he was an uninteresting bill clinton mini-me who ran such a horrible campaign on such an out-of-touch platform that millions of democrats voted for the republican candidate, but because green party candidate ralph nader got a few thousand votes in florida. by hypnotizing the american people into this perspective through sheer rote repetition spoken by talking heads in an authoritative tone, they were able to stop u.s. politics from moving to the left and catching up with the rest of the western world in healthcare, education, infrastructure, social security, and wealth distribution.
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in both cases, with nader and with sanders, the democratic party has attacked the political movement to the left with a barrage of deceit in order to keep those who as troy says they “should be able to take for granted” from developing a spine and insisting on getting their way, like the christian right does with the republicans.
and if troy is spinning this lie, we may be sure that other neoliberal pundits will follow suit, just like they did in 2000. but i call this tactic obsolete for a reason; it’s not the year 2000 anymore. people can communicate with each other to an entirely unprecedented extent at an entirely unprecedented speed; as quickly as these lies are circulated, they are debunked. the internet has forever changed the way politics happen, and alternative media, social media, and wikileaks are wrestling more and more control of the public narrative away from the legacy media that used to monopolize it.
it’s kind of hilarious that they expect this tactic to work, honestly. they don’t realize that their ridiculous think tank brainchild will be memed to death before the weekend.
[featured image by jacquelyn martin/ap images]
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ˈɪmɪʤ ˈkɑpiˌraɪt ˈrɔɪtərz ˈɪmɪʤ ˈkæpʃən zˈbɪgnu brɪˈzɪnski həz daɪd ˈeɪʤɪd 89 zˈbɪgnu brɪˈzɪnski, ˈprɛzɪdənt ˈʤɪmi ˈkɑrtərz ˈnæʃənəl sɪˈkjʊrəti ædˈvaɪzər, həz daɪd ˈeɪʤɪd 89 ˈmɪstər brɪˈzɪnski "pæst əˈweɪ ˈpisfəli" ɪn vərˈʤɪnjə ɔn ˈfraɪˌdeɪ ˈivnɪŋ, hɪz ˈdɔtər ˈmikə sɛd ɔn ˈsoʊʃəl ˈmidiə. ˈprɛzɪdənt ˈkɑrtər peɪd ˈtrɪbjut tɪ ɪm ɛz ə "sʊˈpərb ˈpəblɪk ˈsərvənt". ˈæftər ˈlivɪŋ ˈɔfəs, ˈmɪstər wərkt ɛz ən ˈɔθər ənd ˌækəˈdɛmɪk ˈɪntu hɪz 80s*, ɛnˈdɔrsɪŋ ˈbɑrək ˌoʊˈbɑmə ənd bɪˈkəmɪŋ ə ˈvoʊkəl ˈkrɪtɪk əv hɪz səkˈsɛsər, ˈprɛzɪdənt ˈdɑnəld trəmp. wən əv hɪz læst tweets*, sɛnt ɪn ˈfɛbruˌɛri, ˈdraɪli ˈnoʊtɪd: "du wi ˈivɪn hæv ə ˈfɔrən ˈpɑləsi raɪt naʊ?" ðə "ˌɪnkˈwɪzɪtɪv ənd ˈɪnəˌveɪtɪv" sən əv ə ˈpɑlɪʃ ˈdɪpləˌmæt, ˈmɪstər brɪˈzɪnski wɑz ə "ˈnæʧərəl ʧɔɪs" ɛz ˈnæʃənəl sɪˈkjʊrəti ædˈvaɪzər, ˈmɪstər ˈkɑrtər sɛd ɪn hɪz ˈtrɪbjut. "hi pleɪd ən ɛˈsɛnʃəl roʊl ɪn ɔl ðə ki ˈfɔrən ˈpɑləsi ɪˈvɛnts əv maɪ ædˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃən, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ əv riˈleɪʃənz wɪθ ˈʧaɪnə, ˈsaɪnɪŋ əv ðə sɔlt ˈtriti [ɔn ɑrmz kənˈtroʊl], ˈbroʊkərɪŋ ðə kæmp ˈdeɪvɪd əˈkɔrdz [ɔn ˈmɪdəl ist pis], ənd ðə ˈpænəˌmɑ kəˈnæl ˈtritiz, əˈməŋ ˈəðərz," hi roʊt. "hi wɑz ˈbrɪljənt, ˈdɛdəkeɪtəd, ənd lɔɪəl, ənd rɪˈmeɪnd ə kloʊz ædˈvaɪzər tɪ maɪ wərk æt ðə ˈkɑrtər ˈsɛnər. aɪ wɪl mɪs ɪm." ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə ˌɪˈrɑniən ˈhɑstɪʤ ˈkraɪsəs, ˈmɪstər brɪˈzɪnski wɑz ˈɔlsoʊ ə ˈlidɪŋ fɔrs bɪˈhaɪnd ðə feɪld ˈjuˈɛs kəˈmænˌdoʊ ˈrɛskju ˈmɪʃən, ˈhævɪŋ kəm tɪ bɪˈliv nɪˌgoʊʃiˈeɪʃənz wʊd nɑt wərk. ˈɪmɪʤ ˈkɑpiˌraɪt ˈgɛti ˈɪmɪʤɪz ˈɪmɪʤ ˈkæpʃən ˈmɪstər brɪˈzɪnski (ˈmɪdəl, wɪθ ˈʤɪmi ˈkɑrtər, ˈsɛkənd raɪt) ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə 1978 ˈsəmɪt wɪʧ rɪˈzəltɪd ɪn ðə kæmp ˈdeɪvɪd əˈkɔrdz ˈæftər ˈprɛzɪdənt ˈkɑrtər lɔst tɪ ˈrɑnəld ˈrigən ɪn 1981 ˈmɪstər brɪˈzɪnski tərnd tɪ ˈəðər θɪŋz, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ bɪˈkəmɪŋ ə kənˈsəltənt ɔn ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl əˈfɛrz ənd ə ˈsinjər ædˈvaɪzər fər ðə ˈʤɔrʤˌtaʊn ˈsɛnər fər strəˈtiʤɪk ənd ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl ˈstədiz ɪn ˈwɔʃɪŋtən. hi ˈɔlsoʊ tɔt əˈmɛrɪkən ˈfɔrən ˈpɑləsi æt ʤɑnz ˈhɑpkɪnz ˌjunəˈvərsəti. ˈʃɛrɪŋ ə ˈpɪkʧər əv hər ˈfɑðər ɔn instagram*, mɪz brɪˈzɪnski, ə ˈʤərnəlɪst, roʊt: "hi wɑz noʊn tɪ hɪz frɛndz ɛz zbɪg, tɪ hɪz ˈgrænˌʧɪldrən ɛz ʧif ənd tɪ hɪz waɪf ɛz ðə ɪnˈdʊrɪŋ ləv əv hər laɪf. "aɪ ʤɪst nu ɪm ɛz ðə moʊst ˌɪnˈspaɪərɪŋ, ˈləvɪŋ ənd dɪˈvoʊtɪd ˈfɑðər ˈɛni gərl kʊd ˈɛvər hæv."
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image copyright reuters image caption zbigniew brzezinski has died aged 89
zbigniew brzezinski, president jimmy carter's national security adviser, has died aged 89.
mr brzezinski "passed away peacefully" in virginia on friday evening, his daughter mika said on social media.
president carter paid tribute to him as a "superb public servant".
after leaving office, mr brzenzinski worked as an author and academic into his 80s, endorsing barack obama and becoming a vocal critic of his successor, president donald trump.
one of his last tweets, sent in february, dryly noted: "do we even have a foreign policy right now?"
the "inquisitive and innovative" son of a polish diplomat, mr brzezinski was a "natural choice" as national security adviser, mr carter said in his tribute.
"he played an essential role in all the key foreign policy events of my administration, including normalisation of relations with china, signing of the salt ii treaty [on arms control], brokering the camp david accords [on middle east peace], and the panama canal treaties, among others," he wrote.
"he was brilliant, dedicated, and loyal, and remained a close adviser to my work at the carter center. i will miss him."
during the iranian hostage crisis, mr brzezinski was also a leading force behind the failed us commando rescue mission, having come to believe negotiations would not work.
image copyright getty images image caption mr brzezinski (middle, with jimmy carter, second right) during the 1978 summit which resulted in the camp david accords
after president carter lost to ronald regan in 1981, mr brzezinski turned to other things, including becoming a consultant on international affairs and a senior adviser for the georgetown center for strategic and international studies in washington.
he also taught american foreign policy at johns hopkins university.
sharing a picture of her father on instagram, ms brzezinski, a journalist, wrote: "he was known to his friends as zbig, to his grandchildren as chief and to his wife as the enduring love of her life.
"i just knew him as the most inspiring, loving and devoted father any girl could ever have."
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ˈəpˌdeɪt: luɪs ˌvʊˈtɔn klaɪənt ˈsərvɪsɪz kənˈfərmd ðət ðə səˈprim ɛks luɪs ˌvʊˈtɔn kəˌlæbərˈeɪʃən noʊ ˈlɔŋgər bi soʊld ɪn ˈɛni stɔrz ər online.”*.” ˈjɛstərˌdeɪ. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, nuz ɪz naʊ ˈkəmɪŋ ɪn frəm ˈsɔrsəz səʧ ɛz ðət ˈsərtən stɔrz ɪn ðə juz wɪl stɪl bi rɪˈsivɪŋ ðə ˈprɑdəkts, ˌɔlˈðoʊ ðeɪ meɪ roʊl aʊt æt ə ˈleɪtər deɪt. waɪl ðɛr ər ˌkɑntrəˈdɪktɪŋ ˈpisɪz əv ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən frəm boʊθ nuz ˈaʊˌtlɛts ənd luɪs ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnətɪvz, ɪt dɪz əˈpɪr ˈkəntriz ˈaʊtˈsaɪd əv ðə juz səʧ ɛz ˈsɪŋəˌpɔr wɪl stɪl goʊ əˈhɛd wɪθ ðə ˈʤɛnərəl lɔnʧ əv ðə kəˈlɛkʃən ɔn ˌʤuˈlaɪ 14 ˈfərðərˌmɔr, stɔrz ɪn ˈʧaɪnə hæv ˈoʊpənd ˌrɛʤɪˈstreɪʃən ˈʧænəlz fər ˈkəstəmərz tɪ saɪn əp tɪ. dɪˈspaɪt saɪnz ðət ˈsərtən ˈlɔnʧɪz ər stɪl ˈhæpənɪŋ əraʊnd ðə gloʊb, ˈjuzərz ɔn ˈfɔrəmz laɪk hæv lɔŋ bɪn dɪˈskəsɪŋ haʊ ˈsərtən lɔɪəl ˈkəstəmərz (vics*) hæd ðɛr gʊdz fər ðə ˈwərldˈwaɪd riˈlis deɪt ənd ˈʤɛnərəl ˈkəstəmərz meɪ nɑt bi ˈeɪbəl tɪ ˈpərʧəs ˈaɪtəmz. steɪ tund fər ˈfərðər ˈəpˌdeɪts ɛz ðeɪ kəm. hɛˈloʊ. ðɛr wɪl bi noʊ səˈprim ˈaɪtəmz soʊld ər ʃɪpt tɪ ˈɛni stɔr ɪn ðə ˈjuˈɛs ər ˈkænədə. bɛst rɪˈgɑrdz, nɪˈkoʊl. (@lvservices*) ˌʤuˈlaɪ 12 2017 əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ə luɪs ˌvʊˈtɔn seɪlz ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnətɪv æt ðə ˈsoʊhoʊ loʊˈkeɪʃən, ðə səˈprim ɛks luɪs ˌvʊˈtɔn drɔp ðət ɪz səˈpoʊzd tɪ əˈkər ðɪs ˈfraɪˌdeɪ, ˌʤuˈlaɪ 14 həz bɪn ˈkænsəld. ɪn əˈdɪʃən, ɔl juz. loʊˈkeɪʃənz hæv bɪn ˈkænsəld ˈmuvɪŋ ˈfɔrwərd. ðə fɔrˈʃædoʊɪŋ wɑz ɔn ðə wɔl fər ˈɛvriˌwən tɪ rɛd wɪn kəmˈjunɪti bɔrd noʊ. 2 dɪˈnaɪd səˈprim ɪts plænd loʊˈkeɪʃən bæk ɪn meɪ ˈsaɪtɪŋ ðət ˈpriviəs səˈprim rɪˈlisɪz ɪn nu jɔrk ˈsɪti hæv kɔzd ˈmeɪˌhɛm ənd ðət ðə brænd kʊd nɑt haʊ ðɪs ˈprɑdəkt lɔnʧ wɪl ˈbɛnəfɪt ðə kəmˈjunɪti ɪn ˈɛni way.”*.” waɪl ðə ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnətɪv ənd sɪˈkjʊrəti rɪˈpitɪdli toʊld ɔl ðoʊz kæmpt ˈaʊtˈsaɪd ðət ðə wɑz ˈkænsəld, noʊ wən ˈwɔntɪd tɪ bɪˈliv ɪt ər hir ɪt ˈæftər ɔl, səm hæv bɪn aʊt ðɛr fər deɪz ɔˈrɛdi. ˈaʊtˈsaɪd ðə stɔr, ðə laɪn wɪʧ stɑrts ɔn ðə ˈkɔrnər əv prɪns ənd grin strits həz ɔˈrɛdi əraʊnd ðə blɑk ˈɔntu ˈmərsər strit. kɪdz ənd ˈædəlts əv ɔl kridz ənd ˈbækˌgraʊndz ˈgæðərd ɪn ʧɛrz ənd ˈstændɪŋ grups tɪ ʧɑp ɪt əp ənd pæs ðə aʊərz ənd deɪz ənˈtɪl ˌɪˈnɛvətəbəl ˌdɪsəˈpɔɪntmənt. æt ðə taɪm əv ˈraɪtɪŋ, ˌɛnˈwaɪˌpiˌdi ʃoʊd əp tɪ ðə sin ɛz stɔr ˈoʊnərz ɪn ðə ˈɛriə ˈstɑrtɪd ɪkˈsprɛsɪŋ ðɛr kənˈsərnz ənd frəˈstreɪʃənz wɪθ kraʊdz ˈblɑkɪŋ ðɛr ˈstɔrˌfrɑnts. wɪl ju bi ˈkæmpɪŋ ˈaʊtˈsaɪd ˈɛniˌweɪz, ɪn hoʊps əv ðə laɪn ˈoʊpənɪŋ əp, ər ɪz ðɪs ðə ɛnd fər ðə kəˌlæbərˈeɪʃən əv ɑr ˌʤɛnərˈeɪʃən? tɪ kwɛnʧ jʊr səˈprim ɛks luɪs ˌvʊˈtɔn nidz, teɪk ə lʊk æt ðɪs səˈprim ɛks ˈnaɪki ɛr mæks 1 ˈkəstəm.
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update: louis vuitton client services confirmed that the supreme x louis vuitton collaboration “will no longer be sold in any stores or online.” yesterday. however, news is now coming in from sources such as gq that certain stores in the u.s will still be receiving the products, although they may roll out at a later date. while there are contradicting pieces of information from both news outlets and louis vuitton’s representatives, it does appear countries outside of the u.s such as singapore will still go ahead with the general launch of the collection on july 14. furthermore, stores in china have opened registration channels for customers to sign up to.
despite signs that certain launches are still happening around the globe, users on forums like purseblog have long been discussing how certain loyal customers (vics) had pre-ordered their goods for the worldwide release date and general customers may not be able to purchase items. stay tuned for further updates as they come.
hello. there will be no supreme items sold or shipped to any store in the us or canada. best regards, nicole. — louisvuittonservices (@lvservices) july 12, 2017
according to a louis vuitton sales representative at the soho pop-up location, the supreme x louis vuitton drop that is supposed to occur this friday, july 14, has been cancelled. in addition, all u.s. pop-up locations have been cancelled moving forward.
the foreshadowing was on the wall for everyone to read when community board no. 2 denied supreme its planned location back in may citing that previous supreme releases in new york city have caused mayhem and that the brand could not “articulate how this product launch will benefit the community in any way.”
while the representative and security repeatedly told all those camped outside that the pop-up was cancelled, no one wanted to believe it or hear it — after all, some have been out there for days already. outside the store, the line which starts on the corner of prince and greene streets has already snaked around the block onto mercer street. kids and adults of all creeds and backgrounds gathered in camp-out chairs and standing groups to chop it up and pass the hours and days until inevitable disappointment. at the time of writing, nypd showed up to the scene as store owners in the area started expressing their concerns and frustrations with crowds blocking their storefronts.
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ʤɪm ˈtərnər, ˈʧæpəl hɪl, nɔrθ ˌkɛrəˈlaɪnə, sin ɪn ˈfæməli ˈfoʊˌtoʊ ˈpoʊstɪd ɔn ˈfeɪsˌbʊk. ˈtərnər, ən ɪˈlɛkʃən əˈfɪʃəl ənd ˌoʊˈbɑmə səˈpɔrtər ˈoʊpənli brægd ɔn ˈfeɪsˌbʊk əˈbaʊt ˈvoʊtɪŋ faɪv taɪmz fər ˌoʊˈbɑmə. baɪ ˈgɛri pi ˈʤæksən læst naɪt aɪ ˈpoʊstɪd ə twit frəm bræd ˈmɑrtən ðət həz ˈʧæpəl hɪl, nɔrθ ʤɪm ˈtərnər ˈbrægɪŋ ɔn ˈfeɪsˌbʊk ðət hi hæd ɔˈrɛdi ˈvoʊtɪd fər ˈbɑrək ˌoʊˈbɑmə fɔr taɪmz, ənd wɑz ɔn hɪz weɪ tɪ voʊt ə fɪθ taɪm. naʊ wi lərn ðət ˈtərnər ʤɪst səm ˈrændəm ˌoʊˈbɑmə θəg, bət ɪz ˈæˌkʧuəli ɪn ʧɑrʤ əv ˈvoʊtər ˌrɛʤɪˈstreɪʃən ɪn hɪz ˈɛriə. ðɛr ɪz naʊ ə pəˈtɪʃən ˈɔnˌlaɪn ˈæskɪŋ əˈθɔrətiz tɪ ˌɪnˈvɛstəˌgeɪt ðɪs, ənd teɪk ðə əˈproʊpriˌeɪt ˈækʃənz. ðə tɛkst əv ðə ˈlɛtər ðət wɪl bi sɛnt əˈlɔŋ wɪθ ðə pəˈtɪʃən ridz: ˈprɑsəˌkjut ““jim”*” ˈtərnər əv ˈʧæpəl hɪl, fər ˌɪntərˈsteɪt ˈvoʊtər frɔd ˈɛrɪk ˈhoʊldər sɪz ˈvoʊtər frɔd dɪz nɑt ɪgˈzɪst. ˈmɪstər. ˈtərnər ɪz ˈoʊpənli kənˈfɛsɪŋ tɪ ˈməltəpəl ˈvoʊtɪŋ ənd ɪz ʧɑrʤ əv ˈvoʊtər ˌrɛʤɪˈstreɪʃən ɪn hɪz ˈɛriə waɪl ˌsaɪməlˈteɪniəsli kəmˈjunəˌkeɪtɪŋ ˈmɛθədz baɪ wɪʧ hi hɪmˈsɛlf ˈvoʊtɪd faɪv taɪmz fər ˈbɑrək ˌoʊˈbɑmə. klɪk ˈɪmɪʤ tɪ meɪk ˈbɪgər ðɪs ʃʊd ˈæŋgər ˈɛvəri rɛd ˈblədɪd əˈmɛrɪkən, noʊ ˈmætər ðə ˈpɑrti ðeɪ bɪˈlɔŋ tɪ. ˈvoʊtɪŋ ɪz wən əv ɑr moʊst ˈseɪkrɪd raɪts. ˈvoʊtər frɔd ənd ˈvoʊtər ˌɪnˌtɪmɪˈdeɪʃən ɪz ˈvɛri ril, ənd ˈsəmθɪŋ ˈdɛməˌkræts hæv dən fər soʊ lɔŋ, ənd ˈgɔtən əˈweɪ wɪθ fər soʊ lɔŋ, ðeɪ naʊ fil ˈkəmfərtəbəl ɪˈnəf tɪ bræg ˈoʊpənli əˈbaʊt ɪt tɪ ðə ˈbɪljən ər soʊ ˈpipəl ɔn ˈfeɪsˌbʊk. əv kɔrs, wi ɔl rɪˈmɛmbər ðɪs ˈɪnsədənt frəm ənd waɪl ðiz vaɪl blæk ˈpænθər ˈtɛrəˌrɪsts wər kənˈvɪktəd əv ˈsɪvəl raɪts vaɪəˈleɪʃənz ənd ˈvoʊtər ˌɪnˌtɪmɪˈdeɪʃən, əˈtərni ˈʤɛnərəl, ˈɛrɪk ˈhoʊldər ˈveɪkeɪtəd ðoʊz kənˈvɪkʃənz. noʊ ˈwəndər ˈtərnər θɪŋks hi kən gɪt əˈweɪ wɪθ ˈvoʊtɪŋ faɪv taɪmz. ɪf ə dəˈmɛstɪk ˈtɛrərɪst kən gɪt əˈweɪ wɪθ ɑrmd ˈvoʊtər ˌɪnˌtɪmɪˈdeɪʃən wɛl waɪ nɑt! ðɪs əv kɔrs bi əˈlaʊd tɪ stænd. ʤɪm ˈtərnər həz kəˈmɪtɪd ə ˈfɛləni, ənd ɪz ˈɑbviəsli ɪnˈkərəʤɪŋ ˈəðərz tɪ ˈɔlsoʊ kəˈmɪt fɛˈloʊniəs voʊt frɔd. ˈkɑnˌtækt ðə nɔrθ ˌkɛrəˈlaɪnə bɔrd əv ɪˈlɛkʃənz: 913 nɔrθ ˌkɛrəˈlaɪnə dɪˈpɑrtmənt əv ˈʤəstɪs: 913 ˈɔlsoʊ: ˈfɛdərəl ˈprɑsɪˌkjutərz, ˈɛfˈbiˈaɪ əˈnaʊns ˈhɑˌtlaɪnz fər ˈvoʊtər frɔd rɪˈpɔrts ˈfɛdərəl ˈprɑsɪˌkjutərz ənd ˈɛfˈbiˈaɪ ˈeɪʤənts wɪl bi ɔn ˈduti ɔn ɪˈlɛkʃən deɪ tɪ fild kəmˈpleɪnts əv ˈvoʊtər ˌɪnˌtɪmɪˈdeɪʃən, ˈbraɪbəri, voʊt baɪɪŋ ənd rɪˈleɪtɪd kraɪmz, juz. əˈtərni ˈdeɪvɪd əˈnaʊnst təˈdeɪ. ðə ˈɔfəs həz sɛt əp ə ˈhɑˌtlaɪn æt ˈmɪstər. həz əˈpɔɪntɪd əˈsɪstənt juz. əˈtərni ʃɔn sˈwini ɛz ˈwɛstərn ˈdɪstrɪkt ɪˈlɛkʃən ˈɔfɪsər. ˈɛfˈbiˈaɪ ˈeɪʤənts kən bi riʧt ɔn ˈtuzˌdeɪ æt ənd ðə dɪˈpɑrtmənt əv ˈʤəstɪs ˈsɪvəl raɪts dɪˈvɪʒən ˈvoʊtɪŋ ˈsɛkʃən ɪn ˈwɔʃɪŋtən kən bi riʧt æt ər ər ˈɔnˌlaɪn, ðə ˈɔfəs əˈnaʊnst. dɪˈpɑrtmənt əv ˈʤəstɪs wɪl ækt ˈprɑmptli ənd əˈgrɛsɪvli tɪ prəˈtɛkt ðə ˌɪnˈtɛgrəti əv ðə ɪˈlɛkʃən process,”*,” ˈmɪstər. sɛd ɪn ə prɛs riˈlis, wɪʧ ˈɪndəˌkeɪtɪd ðət ɛnˈfɔrsmənt əv ˈvoʊtər raɪts ɪz ə ˈlɔŋˌstændɪŋ roʊl əv ðə dɪˈpɑrtmənt əv ˈʤəstɪs. ˈfɛdərəl lɔ, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ðə riˈlis, ˈspɛʃəl prəˈtɛkʃənz fər ðə raɪts əv ˈvoʊtərz ənd prəˈvaɪdz ðət ðeɪ kən voʊt fri frəm ækts ðət ˌɪnˈtɪmɪˌdeɪt ər həræs ðɛm. fər ɪgˈzæmpəl, ˈækʃənz əv ˈpərsənz dɪˈzaɪnd tɪ ˌɪntərˈəpt ər ˌɪnˈtɪmɪˌdeɪt ˈvoʊtərz æt ˈpoʊlɪŋ ˈpleɪsɪz baɪ kˈwɛsʧənɪŋ ər ˈʧælənʤɪŋ ðɛm, ər baɪ ˈfoʊtəˌgræfɪŋ ər ˈvɪdioʊˌteɪpɪŋ ðɛm, ˈəndər ðə ˈpriˌtɛkst ðət ðiz ər ˈækʃənz tɪ ənˈkəvər ˌɪˈligəl ˈvoʊtɪŋ meɪ ˈvaɪəleɪt ˈfɛdərəl ˈvoʊtɪŋ raɪts law.“*.“ bərn ðoʊz foʊn laɪnz əp. ɪt ʃʊd bi ˈnoʊtɪd nɔrθ ˈgəvərnər bɛv pərˈdu ɪz ə ˈdɛməˌkræt, wɪʧ meɪ ˈɔlsoʊ bi waɪ ˈtərnər ˈfɪgjərd hi kʊd du ɔl əv ðɪs fri əv ˌripərˈkəʃənz. ə fri ˈneɪʃən məst hæv fri ənd fɛr ɪˈlɛkʃənz. ˈvoʊtər frɔd dɪˈstrɔɪz ˈneɪʃənz. ˈɛvəri əˈmɛrɪkən məst teɪk ðə taɪm tɪ dɪˈmænd ʤɪm ˈtərnər, ənd ɔl əv ðoʊz laɪk ɪm, feɪs swɪft ˈʤəstɪs, ənd ðə fʊl fɔrs əv ðə lɔ. ˈɛniˌθɪŋ lɛs wʊd bi ˈʤəstɪs dɪˈnaɪd. ˈædvərˌtaɪzmənts
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jim turner, chapel hill, north carolina, seen in family photo posted on facebook. turner, an election official and obama supporter openly bragged on facebook about voting five times for obama.
by gary p jackson
last night i posted a tweet from brad marton that has chapel hill, north carolina’s jim turner bragging on facebook that he had already voted for barack obama four times, and was on his way to vote a fifth time.
now we learn that turner isn’t just some random obama thug, but is actually in charge of voter registration in his area.
there is now a petition online asking authorities to investigate this, and take the appropriate actions.
the text of the letter that will be sent along with the petition reads:
prosecute “jim” turner of chapel hill, nc for interstate voter fraud eric holder says voter fraud does not exist. mr. turner is openly confessing to multiple voting and is charge of voter registration in his area while simultaneously communicating methods by which he himself voted five times for barack obama.
click image to make bigger
this should anger every red blooded american, no matter the party they belong to. voting is one of our most sacred rights. voter fraud and voter intimidation is very real, and something democrats have done for so long, and gotten away with for so long, they now feel comfortable enough to brag openly about it to the billion or so people on facebook.
of course, we all remember this incident from 2008….
…. and while these vile black panther terrorists were convicted of civil rights violations and voter intimidation, obama’s attorney general, eric holder vacated those convictions.
no wonder turner thinks he can get away with voting five times. if a domestic terrorist can get away with armed voter intimidation …. well …. why not!
this of course mustn’t be allowed to stand. jim turner has committed a felony, and is obviously encouraging others to also commit felonious vote fraud.
contact the north carolina board of elections:
(913) 733-7173
north carolina department of justice:
(913) 716-6400
also: federal prosecutors, fbi announce hotlines for voter fraud reports
federal prosecutors and fbi agents will be on duty on election day to field complaints of voter intimidation, bribery, vote buying and related crimes, u.s. attorney david hickton announced today. the office has set up a hotline at 412-894-7516. mr. hickton has appointed assistant u.s. attorney shaun sweeney as western pennsylvania’s district election officer. fbi agents can be reached on tuesday at 412-432-4000, and the department of justice civil rights division voting section in washington can be reached at 1-800-253-3931 or 202-307-2767 or online, the office announced. “the department of justice will act promptly and aggressively to protect the integrity of the election process,” mr. hickton said in a press release, which indicated that enforcement of voter rights is a longstanding role of the department of justice. federal law, according to the release, “contains special protections for the rights of voters and provides that they can vote free from acts that intimidate or harass them. for example, actions of persons designed to interrupt or intimidate voters at polling places by questioning or challenging them, or by photographing or videotaping them, under the pretext that these are actions to uncover illegal voting may violate federal voting rights law.“
burn those phone lines up.
it should be noted north carolina’s governor bev perdue is a democrat, which may also be why turner figured he could do all of this free of repercussions.
a free nation must have free and fair elections. voter fraud destroys nations. every american must take the time to demand jim turner, and all of those like him, face swift justice, and the full force of the law. anything less would be justice denied.
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ˈdɔktər sɪz hiz faʊnd ðə ˈækʧəwəl ʤi spɑt smɔl ˈkləstərz əv ˈtɪʃu dip wɪˈθɪn ðə vəˈʤaɪnəl wɔl ər ðə ˈtrɪgər fər ɛnˈhænsɪŋ ˈfiˌmeɪl ˈɔrgæzəm, ðə fəˈzɪʃən sɪz. ˈskɛptɪks seɪ ɪts nɑt soʊ ˈsɪmpəl. ˌɪnˈspɛktɪŋ ðə sɪks dɪˈstɪŋkt leɪərz əv ˈtɪʃu ðət meɪk əp ə ˈwʊmənz vəˈʤaɪnəl wɔl, sɛd, hi ənˈkəvərd smɔl, ˈkləstərz əv ˈtɪʃu haʊzd ɪn ə sæk lɛs ðən 1 ˈsɛntəˌmitər əˈkrɔs "ə dip, dip ˈstrəkʧər" ˈnɛsəld bɪtˈwin ðə vəˈʤaɪnəl wɔlz fɪθ leɪər, ðə fascia*, ənd ɪts sɪksθ, ðə ˈdɔrsəl ˈmɛmˌbreɪn. tɪ du soʊ, kənˈdəktəd ə poʊstˈmɔrtɛm ɪgˌzæməˈneɪʃən əv ən ˈwʊmən ɪn ˈwɔrˌsɔ ˈmɛdɪkəl ˌjunəˈvərsətiz dɪˈpɑrtmənt əv ˌfɔˈrɛnsɪk ˈmɛdəsən. ənˈlaɪk ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts, wɪʧ ˈstrɪktli ˈrɛgjəˌleɪts ðə ˈrisərʧ juz əv kəˈdævərz, ˈpoʊlənd əˈlaʊz ðə ˈdaɪsɛkʃən əv ˈjumən rɪˈmeɪnz sun ˈæftər dɛθ, wɪn faɪn dɪˈstɪŋkʃənz ɪn ˈtɪʃu rɪˈmeɪn ˈizi tɪ si. kˈwɔri ɪz ðə ʤi spɑt, ðə ˈtrɪgər fər ɛnˈhænsɪŋ ˈfiˌmeɪl ˈɔrgæzəm. ənd ɪn ən ˈɑrtɪkəl ˈpəblɪʃt ˈwɛnzˌdeɪ baɪ ðə ˈʤərnəl əv ˈsɛkʃuəl ˈmɛdəsən, ðə ˈflɔrɪdə ˌgaɪnəˈkɑləʤəst dɪˈklɛrd ðət hi hæd faʊnd ɪt. laɪk soʊ ˈmɛni ɪkˈsplɔrərz ˌbiˈfɔr ɪm, ˈdɑktər. ˈædəm həz lɔŋ drimd əv ˈfaɪndɪŋ ə pis əv ɪˈlusɪv ˈtɛrɪˌtɔri wɪθ ə ˌrɛpjəˈteɪʃən fər paʊərz. ðə ˈdaɪsɛkʃən tʊk ˈsɛvən aʊərz fər ðə fəˈzɪʃən ənd əˈnætəmɪst, hu sɛd ðə fərst ˈprɪnsəpəlz əv ˈmɛdəsən "fərst ju hæv tɪ ɪˈstæblɪʃ ðə əˈnætəmi" ˈprɑmptɪd ɪm tɪ ˈəndərˌteɪk ðə ˈstədi. ɪf kənˈfərmd baɪ ˈfərðər ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃən, hi sɛd, hi hoʊps hɪz ˈfaɪndɪŋ wɪl hɛlp ˈriˌraɪt ˈfiˌmeɪl əˈnætəmi bʊks. bət hɪz ˈstədi kˈwɪkli təʧt ɔf ə ˌsaɪənˈtɪfɪk ənd pəˈlɪtɪkəl ˈtɛmpəst əˈməŋ ðə smɔl kæmp əv ˈɛkspərts ɪn ˈfiˌmeɪl ˈsɛkʃuəl hɛlθ. ɪn səm ˈkɔrnərz, ˈstədi ɪz kɔz fər ˌsɛləˈbreɪʃən. tɪ hæv ˈaɪsəˌleɪtɪd ə juˈnik ˈstrəkʧər ˈkeɪpəbəl əv ˈbustɪŋ ˈwɪmənz paʊərz ʃʊd leɪ tɪ rɛst ðə daʊts əv ðoʊz hu kˈwɛʃən ɪts ɪgˈzɪstəns, sɛd ˈsɛkʃuəl ˈmɛdəsən ˈspɛʃəlɪst ˈdɑktər. ˈændru ˈgoʊldˌstin, dɪˈrɛktər əv ðə ˈsɛnərz fər dɪˈsɔrdərz ɪn əˈnæpəlɪs, md*. ˈəðərz, ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ər kraɪɪŋ faʊl. rɪˈpɔrt nɑt ˈoʊnli feɪlz tɪ səˈpɔrt hɪz grænd kleɪm əv ə "nu ˌdɪˈskəvri" bət fɔlz preɪ tɪ ðə ərʤ tɪ ˈsɪmpləˌfaɪ ˈwɪmənz ˌsɛkʃuˈæləti, sɛd ˈbɛvərli ˈwɪpəl, ðə ˈrətgərz ˌjunəˈvərsəti hu ˈpɑpjələrˌaɪzd ðə neɪm "ʤi spɑt" ɛz ˈkoʊˈɑθər əv ə 1982 bʊk ɔn ðə ˈsəbʤɪkt. leɪɪŋ aʊt ə ˈbəndəl əv ˈpurli dɪˈfaɪnd ˈtɪʃuz ənd ˈkɔlɪŋ ðɛm ðə ʤi spɑt ˈlaɪkənz ˈwɪmənz paʊərz əv ˈsɛkʃuəl ˈplɛʒər tɪ ðə swɪʧ" ðət ˈbɛtər dɪˈskraɪbz mɛnz ˌsɛkʃuˈæləti, ˈwɪpəl sɛd. ɪn səˈʤɛstɪŋ hi həz faʊnd ənd ˈkɛrɪktərˌaɪzd ðə ɪgˈzækt ˈstrəkʧər ðət busts ðə ˌɪnˈtɛnsɪti əv ˈɔrgæzəm ɪn ˈwɪmən, ˌɪgˈnɔrz ˈrisərʧ ðət səˈʤɛsts ðɛr ɪz noʊ ˈsɪŋgəl ˈmæʤɪkəl "spɑt" ðət dɪz ɔl ðət, ʃi ˈædɪd. "noʊ, ðɛr ɪz nɑt ən 'ɪt'!" ʃi sɛd. "ɪt ɪz nɑt wən ˈɛntɪti." ˈwɪpəl ənd tu əv hər ˈkɑligz hæv ɔˈrɛdi ˈdræftɪd ə krɪˈtik əv ðə ˈstədi, wɪʧ ʃi hoʊps tɪ ˈpəblɪʃ ɪn ə fˈjuʧər ˈɪʃu əv ðə ˈʤərnəl əv ˈsɛkʃuəl ˈmɛdəsən. ɪn ðə krɪˈtik, ðə θri fɔlt fər ˈfeɪlɪŋ tɪ ʃoʊ ðət ðə "ʤi spɑt" hi dɪˈskəvərd həz nərv ˈɛndɪŋz; ðət ɪt ɪz, ɛz hi kleɪmz, ˈtɪʃu; ər ðət ɪt həz ˈɛni roʊl tɪ pleɪ ɪn ˈfiˌmeɪl ˈsɛkʃuəl ərˈaʊzəl. ækˈnɑlɪʤd ðət hi hæd nɑt dɪˈteɪld ɪgˈzæktli wət taɪp əv ˈtɪʃu meɪks əp ðə ʤi spɑt ər haʊ ɪt wərks ɪts ˈmæʤɪk, ɪn pɑrt bɪˈkəz ðə ˈpɑlɪʃ ˌrɛgjəˈleɪʃənz ðət ˈgəvərn ˈdaɪsɛkʃən əv frɛʃ kəˈdævərz prɪˈvɛnɪd ɪm frəm ˈteɪkɪŋ ˈsæmpəlz fər ˈtɛstɪŋ, hi sɛd. ənd hi sɛd hi meɪks noʊ kleɪm ðət ðə ʤi spɑt hi həz faʊnd wɪl bi ɪn ðə seɪm pleɪs, nɔr ðət ɪt wɪl hæv ðə seɪm paʊərz, fər ˈɛvəri ˈwʊmən. "ˌæbsəˈlutli, ðɛr wɪl bi ˌvɛriˈeɪʃən," hi sɛd. ˈdɑktər. ˈərwɪn ˈgoʊldˌstin, ˈɛdɪtər əv ðə ˈʤərnəl əv ˈsɛkʃuəl ˈmɛdəsən, sɛd hiz nɑt ʃʊr wət ðə fəs ɪz əˈbaʊt. dɪˈspaɪt ɪts neɪm, ðə ʤi spɑt "ˈsərtənli ˈdəzənt hæv ə flæg ɔn ɪt, laɪk x-marks-the-spot*," hi sɛd. ðə fækt ðət meɪ hæv faʊnd wən əv ˈmɛni pəˈtɛnʃəl ˈɔrgənz əv ˈfiˌmeɪl ˈplɛʒər dɪz nɑt dɪˈmɪnɪʃ ðə ˌdɪˈskəvri, hi ˈædɪd.
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doctor says he's found the actual g spot
small clusters of erectile tissue deep within the vaginal wall are the trigger for enhancing female orgasm, the physician says. skeptics say it's not so simple.
inspecting the six distinct layers of tissue that make up a woman's vaginal wall, ostrzenski said, he uncovered small, grape-like clusters of erectile tissue housed in a sac less than 1 centimeter across "a deep, deep structure" nestled between the vaginal wall's fifth layer, the endopelvic fascia, and its sixth, the dorsal perineal membrane.
to do so, ostrzenski conducted a postmortem examination of an 83-year-old woman in warsaw medical university's department of forensic medicine. unlike the united states, which strictly regulates the research use of cadavers, poland allows the dissection of human remains soon after death, when fine distinctions in tissue remain easy to see.
ostrzenski's quarry is the g spot, the long-conjectured trigger for enhancing female orgasm. and in an article published wednesday by the journal of sexual medicine, the semi-retired florida gynecologist declared that he had found it.
like so many explorers before him, dr. adam ostrzenski has long dreamed of finding a piece of elusive territory with a reputation for near-mythic powers.
the dissection took seven hours for the poland-trained physician and anatomist, who said the first principles of medicine "first you have to establish the anatomy" prompted him to undertake the study. if confirmed by further investigation, he said, he hopes his finding will help rewrite female anatomy books.
but his study quickly touched off a scientific and political tempest among the small camp of experts in female sexual health.
in some corners, ostrzenski's study is cause for celebration. to have isolated a unique structure capable of boosting women's orgasmic powers should lay to rest the doubts of those who question its existence, said sexual medicine specialist dr. andrew goldstein, director of the centers for vulvovaginal disorders in annapolis, md.
others, however, are crying foul. ostrzenski's report not only fails to support his grand claim of a "new discovery" but falls prey to the all-too-common urge to simplify women's sexuality, said beverly whipple, the rutgers university sexologist who popularized the name "g spot" as coauthor of a 1982 book on the subject.
laying out a bundle of poorly defined tissues and calling them the g spot likens women's powers of sexual pleasure to the "on-off switch" that better describes men's sexuality, whipple said. in suggesting he has found and characterized the exact structure that boosts the intensity of orgasm in women, ostrzenski ignores research that suggests there is no single magical "spot" that does all that, she added.
"no, there is not an 'it'!" she said. "it is not one entity."
whipple and two of her colleagues have already drafted a critique of the study, which she hopes to publish in a future issue of the journal of sexual medicine. in the critique, the three fault ostrzenski for failing to show that the "g spot" he discovered has nerve endings; that it is, as he claims, erectile tissue; or that it has any role to play in female sexual arousal.
ostrzenski acknowledged that he had not detailed exactly what type of tissue makes up the g spot or how it works its magic, in part because the polish regulations that govern dissection of fresh cadavers prevented him from taking samples for histological testing, he said. and he said he makes no claim that the g spot he has found will be in the same place, nor that it will have the same powers, for every woman.
"absolutely, there will be variation," he said.
dr. irwin goldstein, editor of the journal of sexual medicine, said he's not sure what the fuss is about. despite its name, the g spot "certainly doesn't have a flag on it, like x-marks-the-spot," he said. the fact that ostrzenski may have found one of many potential organs of female pleasure does not diminish the discovery, he added.
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ˈæftər ðə fən ənd geɪmz əv ˈmoʊbəl wərld ˈkɑŋgrəs ˈjʊrəp pleɪd hoʊst tɪ əˈnəðər juʤ ɪˈvɛnt, ðɪs taɪm fər ðə ˈɔtoʊ ˈɪndəstri. ðə ʤəˈnivə ˈmoʊtər ʃoʊ ɪz wɛr ðə wərldz ˈbɪgəst kɑr ˈmeɪkərz goʊ ˈɛvəri mɑrʧ tɪ ʃoʊ ɔf ðə ˈleɪtəst ənd ˈgreɪtəst ðət fɔr wilz həz tɪ ˈɔfər. laɪk ˈhɔndə, wɪθ ðə nu ˈsɪvɪk. ənd ɪts gɑt ˈænˌdrɔɪd ˌɪnˈsaɪd, doʊnt ju noʊ. ðə nuz ˈɪzənt nu, ˈhɔndə ˈæˌkʧuəli əˈnaʊnst ɪt səm taɪm əˈgoʊ ˈhɔndə kəˈnɛkt ɪz ɪts neɪm ənd ɪts gɑt paʊər bɪˈhaɪnd ɪt. bət naʊ wiv hæd taɪm tɪ ˈæˌkʧuəli si ðə kɑr ənd pleɪ əraʊnd wɪθ ðə tɛk. ənd wɪn ˈhɔndə sɛd ɪt wɑz ˈjuzɪŋ ˈænˌdrɔɪd, ɪt ˈwəzənt laɪɪŋ. bɪˈkəz ɪts ɪnˈtaɪər ˌɛnərˈteɪnmənt ˈsɪstəm ɪz bɪlt ɔn ˈænˌdrɔɪd. ɪkˈsaɪtɪŋ stəf, jɛs? wɛr ˈjuzɪŋ ˈænˌdrɔɪd ˈɔtoʊ wʊd hæv bɪn prɪˈzuməbli soʊ ˈsɪmpəl, ˈhɔndə həz bɪlt ən aɪs krim ˈsænwɪʧ beɪst ˈsɪstəm ðət ˈtruθfəli dɪz nɑt bɪˈlɔŋ ˌɪnˈsaɪd ə kɑr. æt ðɪs pɔɪnt ɪn taɪm wid ˈprɑbəˌbli seɪ aɪs krim ˈsænwɪʧ ˈdəzənt bɪˈlɔŋ ɪn ˈɛniˌwənz ˈpɑkəts, ˈiðər. soʊ, wət du ju ˈæˌkʧuəli gɪt? ə ˌrɛzəˈluʃən, bət dɪˈspleɪ, ə grɪd əv ˈaɪˌkɑnz ənd ə bənʧ əv stɑk ˈænˌdrɔɪd æps laɪk ðə mˈjuzɪk pleɪər ənd ˈbraʊzər (kəˈnɛkt əp ˈjuzɪŋ jʊr foʊn). fər ə kɑr ðoʊ ɪt ʤɪst filz oʊld. ɪts bɪn ðə seɪm wɪθ kɑr ˈmeɪkərz ˈprɪti məʧ fərˈɛvər wi tɔkt əˈbaʊt ðət ɔn ə ˈrisənt ˈpɔdˌkæst wɪn ɪt kəmz tɪ ˈsɪstəmz ənd ˈɑnəstli, ˈhɔndə ˈɪzənt duɪŋ ˈɛniˌθɪŋ tɪ ʃeɪk ðət ˈɪmɪʤ. ɪts ˈprɪti nit ðət ju kən ˌɪnˈstɔl æps ɔn ɪt, bət ɪt kʊd hæv bɪn soʊ məʧ ˈbɛtər. ɪts sloʊ, ɪts ˈkləŋki, ɪts ˈbeɪsɪkli ðə ˌstɛrioʊˈtɪpɪkəl ɪkˈspɪriəns. bət wɪθ ˈænˌdrɔɪd. ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ˈwɪʤɪts. wɪr ˈweɪtɪŋ ɔn ðə fˈjuʧər əv ˈænˌdrɔɪd ɪn ðə kɑr bət ðɪs ʤɪst filz laɪk ˈeɪnʧənt ˈhɪstəri. wən rɪˈdimɪŋ ˈfiʧər ðət wi dɪd laɪk, ˈivɪn ɪf ɪt həz ˈlɪmɪtɪd ˈjuzɪz, ɪz biɪŋ ˈeɪbəl tɪ ˈmɪrər ðə skrin əv jʊr ˈmoʊbəl dɪˈvaɪs. ðɪs ˈdəzənt juz ər ˈɛniˌθɪŋ laɪk ðət. noʊ, ɪt ˈjuzɪz ə ˈaʊtˌpʊt frəm ðə dɪˈvaɪs ˈɪntu ðə kɑr. ðət ˈæˌkʧuəli minz ju kən "juz" ˈioʊs ˌæpləˈkeɪʃənz ɪn ðə kɑr ɔn jʊr ˈænˌdrɔɪd ˈsɪstəm, soʊ lɔŋ ɛz ɪts nɑt ðə ˈdraɪvər ðæts duɪŋ ðə ˈjuzɪŋ. bət wi sɔ ɪt ˈdɛmənˌstreɪtɪd ə ˈvɪdioʊ faɪl frəm ən ˈaɪˌpæd ˈɪntu ðə kɑr ənd ɪt wɑz ɛz ˌɪmˈprɛsɪv ɛz jʊd hoʊp ɪt wʊd bi ˈjuzɪŋ ə ˈkeɪbəl ˈaʊtˌpʊt. ðə ˈprɑbləm hir ˈəltəmətli ɪz ðət ɪts ʤɪst ə pur ɪkˈspɪriəns. ðə fækt ɪts ˈrənɪŋ ˈænˌdrɔɪd ɪz ə saɪd ˈprɑdəkt. ˈhɔndə ˈhæzənt ˈrɪli dən ˈɛniˌθɪŋ wɪθ ˈænˌdrɔɪd tɪ meɪk ɪt riˈmoʊtli wərθ ˈgɪtɪŋ ɪkˈsaɪtɪd əˈbaʊt. ɪn 2015 ɪf jʊr goʊɪŋ tɪ pʊt ˈænˌdrɔɪd ɪn ðə kɑr, ɪt ˈrɪli ɔt tɪ bi ˈænˌdrɔɪd ˈɔtoʊ. ˈəðərˌwaɪz jʊr duɪŋ ɪt rɔŋ.
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after the fun and games of mobile world congress , europe played host to another huge event, this time for the auto industry. the geneva motor show is where the world's biggest car makers go every march to show off the latest and greatest that four wheels has to offer. like honda, with the new civic. and it's got android inside, don't you know.
the news isn't new, honda actually announced it some time ago . honda connect is its name and it's got nvidia tegra power behind it. but now we've had time to actually see the car and play around with the tech. and when honda said it was using android, it wasn't lying. because its entire in-car entertainment system is built on android. exciting stuff, yes?
where using android auto would have beenesumably so simple, honda has built an ice cream sandwich based system that truthfully does not belong inside a car. at this point in time we'dobably say ice cream sandwich doesn't belong in anyone's pockets, either.
so, what do you actually get? a low-ish resolution, but not-bad-looking 7-inch display, a grid of icons and a bunch of stock android apps like the music player and browser (connect up using your phone). for a 2015-release car though it just feels old. it's been the same with car makersetty much forever — we talked about that on a recent podcast — when it comes to in-car systems and honestly, honda isn't doing anything to shake that image. it'setty neat that you can install apps on it, but it could have been so much better. it's slow, it's clunky, it's basically the stereotypical in-car experience. but with android. including widgets.
we're waiting on the future of android in the car — but this just feels like ancient history.
one redeeming feature that we did like, even if it has limited uses, is being able to mirror the screen of your mobile device. this doesn't use mirrorlink or anything like that. no, it uses a hdmi output from the device into the car. that actually means you can "use" ios applications in the car on your android system, so long as it's not the driver that's doing the using. but we saw it demonstrated outputting a video file from an ipad into the car and it was as impressive as you'd hope it would be using a cable output.
theoblem here ultimately is that it's just a poor experience. the fact it's running android is a sideoduct. honda hasn't really done anything with android to make it remotely worth getting excited about. in 2015 if you're going to put android in the car, it really ought to be android auto. otherwise you're doing it wrong.
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ˈɛvər sɪns ðə fərst ˈrumərz bɪˈgæn tɪ ˈsərkjəˌleɪt əˈbaʊt ən ˌɪmˈpɛndɪŋ ˈrəʃən ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri ˌɪntərˈvɛnʃən ɪn ˈsɪriə ðə ˈɪntərˌnɛt ənd ðə ˈmidiə hæv bɪn ˈflədɪd wɪθ ɔl sɔrts əv ˈsɪli ˈrumərz, mɪθs ənd ˈaʊˈtraɪt laɪz əˈbaʊt wət ˈhæpən. ðiz ˈrumərz, mɪθs ənd ˈaʊˈtraɪt laɪz ər stɪl biɪŋ sprɛd təˈdeɪ, ənd nɑt ˈoʊnli baɪ ˈɪntəˌrɛst grups, bət ˈivɪn baɪ səˈpoʊzədli ““analysts”*”. ɔl ðɪs ˈnɑnsɛns kəmˈplitli ðə ˌriˈæləˌti əv ðə ˈrəʃən ˌɪntərˈvɛnʃən ɪn ˈsɪriə (bət ˈmeɪbi ðət wɑz ðə goʊl ɔl əˈlɔŋ?) ənd traɪz tɪ peɪnt ðə ˈrəʃən ˌɑpərˈeɪʃən ɛz ə ˈfeɪljər. ˈæftər θri mənθs əv ˈrəʃən ɛr ənd ˈmɪsəl straɪks ɪn ˈsɪriə, ɪt ɪz ə gʊd taɪm tɪ æsk ðə kˈwɛʃən əv ˈwɛðər ðə ˈrəʃənz hæv əˈʧivd səm ˈtænʤəbəl rɪˈzəlts ər ˈwɛðər, ɛz səm ər səˈʤɛstɪŋ, ðɪs həz ˈbeɪsɪkli bɪn ə bɪg ˌɑpərˈeɪʃən. ðə ki ˈɪʃu hir ɪz wət kraɪˈtɪriə tɪ juz tɪ ˈmɛʒər ““success”*”. ənd ðət, ɪn tərnz, bɛgz ðə kˈwɛʃən əv wət ðə ˈrəʃənz hæd hoʊpt tɪ əˈʧiv wɪθ ðɛr ˌɪntərˈvɛnʃən ɪn ðə fərst pleɪs. ɪt tərnz aʊt ðət ˈputɪn ˈklɪrli ənd əˈfɪʃəli spɛld aʊt wət ðə ˈpərpəs əv ðə ˈrəʃən ˌɪntərˈvɛnʃən wɑz. ɔn ɑkˈtoʊbər 11th*, hi dɪˈklɛrd ðə ˈfɑloʊɪŋ ɪn ən ˈɪntərvˌju wɪθ vˈlædəmɪr ˈsɑloʊˌviv ɔn ðə ˌtɛləˈvɪʒən ˈʧænəl ˈrəʃə 1 ɑr əˈbʤɛktɪv ɪz tɪ ˈsteɪbəˌlaɪz ðə ləˈʤɪtəmət əˈθɔrəti ənd kriˈeɪt kənˈdɪʃənz fər ə pəˈlɪtɪkəl ˈkɑmprəˌmaɪz ɪt. hi dɪd nɑt seɪ ðət ˈrəʃə wʊd ʧeɪnʤ ðə kɔrs əv ðə wɔr, məʧ lɛs soʊ wɪn ðə wɔr. ənd waɪl səm sɔ ðə ˈrəʃən ˌɪntərˈvɛnʃən ɛz ə ˈtoʊtəl changer”*” wɪʧ wʊd mɑrk ðə ɛnd əv, aɪ ˈnɛvər bɪˈlivd ðət. hir ɪz wət aɪ roʊt ɪgˈzæktli wən deɪ ˌbiˈfɔr ˈputɪn meɪd ðə ˈsteɪtmənt əˈbəv: meɪk noʊ mɪˈsteɪk hir, ðə ˈrəʃən fɔrs ɪn ˈsɪriə ɪz ə smɔl wən, æt list fər ðə taɪm biɪŋ, ənd ɪt dɪz nɑt ˈivɪn riˈmoʊtli rɪˈzɛmbəl wət ðə ˈrumərz hæd prɪˈdɪktɪd ðɛr ɪz noʊ weɪ ðət ðə ˈvɛri ˈlɪmɪtɪd ˈrəʃən ˌɪntərˈvɛnʃən kən ˈrɪli ʧeɪnʤ ðə taɪd əv ðə wɔr, æt list nɑt baɪ ˌɪtˈsɛlf. jɛs, aɪ du ˌɪnˈsɪst ðət ðə ˈrəʃən ˌɪntərˈvɛnʃən ɪz ə ˈvɛri ˈlɪmɪtɪd wən. 12 su-24m*, 12 su-25sm*, 6 ənd 4 ər nɑt ə bɪg fɔrs, nɑt ˈivɪn bækt baɪ ˈhɛlɪˌkɑptərz ənd kruz ˈmɪsəlz. jɛs, ðə ˈrəʃən fɔrs həz bɪn ˈvɛri ˈifɛktɪv tɪ rɪˈliv ðə ˈprɛʃər ɔn ðə ˌnɔrθˈwɛstərn frənt ənd tɪ əˈlaʊ fər ə ˈsɪriən ˈɑrmi, bət ðət wɪl nɑt, baɪ ˌɪtˈsɛlf, ɛnd ðə wɔr. aɪ wɑz ˈhɑrʃli ˈkrɪtəˌsaɪzd æt ðət taɪm fər ““minimizing”*” ðə skoʊp ənd pəˈtɛnʃəl əv ðə ˈrəʃən ˌɑpərˈeɪʃən, bət aɪ ʧoʊz tɪ ˌɪgˈnɔr ðiz ˈkrɪtɪˌsɪzəmz sɪns aɪ nu ðət taɪm wʊd pruv mi raɪt. wət ˈhæpənd ðɛn wɑz ə ˈtɪpɪkəl ˈɛksərˌsaɪz ɪn haɪˈpərbəˌli: ˈmɛni ˈkɑmənˌteɪtərz tʊk tərnz ˈraɪtɪŋ juˈfɔrɪk ““analyses”*” wɪʧ deɪ ˈæftər deɪ spaɪkt ðə hoʊps ˈoʊnli tɪ ðɛn ˈleɪtər kəm ˈkrəʃɪŋ daʊn ɪn ˌdɪsəˈpɔɪntmənt. prɪˈdɪktəbli, ðə mɔr ðə gæp bɪtˈwin ˌɛkspɛkˈteɪʃənz ənd ˌriˈæləˌti ɔn ðə graʊnd gru, ðə mɔr ðə krɪˈtiks ˈputɪn ənd əˈsɑd kʊd gloʊt əˈbaʊt ðə ˈrəʃən tɪ win”*”. ðət kaɪnd əv ɪz bɪlt ɔn ə ˈtɪpɪkəl man”*” ˈfæləsi: ðə rɪˈdɪkjələs ˈnoʊʃən ðət ðə ˈrəʃən ˌɪnˈtɛndɪd tɪ dɪˈfit. ˈsædli, ““pro-russian”*” ˈkɑmənˌteɪtərz ˈgreɪtli kənˈtrɪbjutɪd tɪ ðə kənˈstrəkʃən əv ðət man”*” baɪ ðɛr (ənd nɑt ðə ˈrəʃən military’s*) kəmˈplitli ənˌriˈlɪstɪk ˌɛkspɛkˈteɪʃənz ənd priˈdɪkʃənz. ˈfɑloʊɪŋ ðə ˈsɛkənd wik əv ðə ˈrəʃən ˌɪntərˈvɛnʃən ɪn ˈsɪriə aɪ roʊt: ðə ˈrəʃən fɔrs ɪz smɔl ənd ˈvəlnərəbəl. əv kɔrs, wən ˈɔpʃən fər ðə ˈrəʃənz wʊd bi tɪ ɪkˈspænd ðə ˈɛrˌfild nɪr latakia*, bət ðət wʊd teɪk taɪm ənd mɔr ˈrisɔrsɪz ənd maɪ ˌəndərˈstændɪŋ ɪz ðət ðeɪ wɔnt tɪ kənˈsɑlɪˌdeɪt ðɛr ˈkɑrənt ˈɛrˌfild fərst. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ɛz ə ˈstɑpˌgæp ˈmɛʒər, ðə ˈrəʃənz kʊd juz ˈbɑmərz. ɪf ˌɪˈrɑn əˈlaʊz ˈrəʃə tɪ ˈkɑndəkt rifˈjuəlɪŋ ɪn ˌɪˈrɑniən ˈɛrˌspeɪs ər ɪf ˌɪˈrɑn əˈlaʊz ˈrəʃə tɪ juz ˌɪˈrɑniən ˈɛrˌbeɪsɪs, ðɛn ˈmɛni mɔr ər fɔrs packages”*” kʊd bi ɪnˈgeɪʤd ɪn ˈsɪriə. ɪn ˈθɪri, ˈrəʃə kʊd ˈivɪn prəˈvaɪd hər tɪ dɪˈlɪvər ˈgrævɪti bɑmz, hər tɪ dɪˈlɪvər kruz ˈmɪsəlz ənd hər tɪ dɪˈlɪvər ˈiðər wən ər boʊθ. aɪ θɪŋk ðət ðɛr ɪz ˈɛni ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri nəˈsɛsɪti tɪ juz ðiz strəˈtiʤɪk ˈbɑmərz raɪt naʊ, bət ɪt maɪt bi ə gʊd aɪˈdiə tɪ du soʊ fər pəˈlɪtɪkəl ˈrizənz ʤɪst tɪ flɛks səm mɔr muscle’*’ ənd ʃoʊ ðə ðət ˈrəʃə ɪz nɑt tɪ bi mɛst wɪθ. ˌsəbmərˈin lɔnʧt kruz ˈmɪsəlz wʊd ˈɔlsoʊ wərk, əˈspɛʃəli ɪf lɔnʧt baɪ ə ˈrəʃən səb ɪn ðə ˌmɛdətərˈeɪniən wɪʧ ðə dɪd nɑt dɪˈtɛkt. ənd ðɪs ɪz ɪgˈzæktli wət ˈhæpənd nɛkst: ˈrəʃə bɪˈgæn tɪ juz hər strəˈtiʤɪk ˌeɪviˈeɪʃən tɪ ɔgˈmɛnt hər ˌkeɪpəˈbɪlətiz ənd tɪ ʃoʊ ðə wɛst ðət ðə ˈkrɛmlɪn mɛnt ˈbɪznɪs. aɪ ðɛn kənˈkludɪd baɪ seɪɪŋ: soʊ fɑr, ðə ˈkrɛmlɪn həz dən ə sʊˈpərb ʤɑb ɪkˈspleɪnɪŋ ðət ɪz ə dɪˈrɛkt θrɛt tɪ ˈrəʃə ənd ðət ɪt wɑz ˈbɛtər fər ˈrəʃə tɪ ðɛm ˈoʊvər ðɛr ðən ˈoʊvər here”*”. ðɪs ˈlɑʤɪk, ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ɪz ˈprɛdəˌkeɪtɪd ɔn ðə aɪˈdiə ðət ə ˈvɛri ˈlɪmɪtɪd ˈrəʃən ˌɪntərˈvɛnʃən kən tɪp ðə ˈbæləns. ðɛr ɪz ə ˈvɛri faɪn kənˈsɛpʧuəl laɪn bɪtˈwin ˈtɪpɪŋ ðə ˈbæləns ənd ˈfaɪtɪŋ ˈsəmˌwən wɔr ənd ðət ɪz ˈsəmθɪŋ ðə ˈkrɛmlɪn ɪz əˈkjutli əˈwɛr əv. ˈhoʊpfəli, ðɪs laɪn wɪl ˈnɛvər bi krɔst. tɪ bi fɛr tɪ ðə ˈkrɛmlɪn, seɪɪŋ ðət ɪt ɪz ˈbɛtər tɪ ðɛm ˈoʊvər ðɛr ðən ˈoʊvər here”*” ɪz ɪn noʊ weɪ ə ˈprɑməs ðə tɪp ˈɛni ˈbæləns. bət ðɛr wər ˈmɛni ˈrəʃən ˈkɑmənˌteɪtərz hu dɪd seɪ ðət ðə ˈrəʃən ˌɪntərˈvɛnʃən wʊd, ˌɪnˈdid, tɪp ðə ˈbæləns ənd ðə ˈkrɛmlɪn dɪd nɑt dɪˈrɛkli rɪfˈjut ðiz kleɪmz. soʊ aɪ səˈʤɛst ðə ˈfɑloʊɪŋ goʊl ˈsɛtɪŋ baɪ ðə ˈkrɛmlɪn: ˈpraɪˌmɛri əˈbʤɛktɪv: ˈsteɪbəˌlaɪz ðə ləˈʤɪtəmət əˈθɔrəti ənd kriˈeɪt kənˈdɪʃənz fər ə pəˈlɪtɪkəl ˈkɑmprəˌmaɪz ˈsɛkənˌdɛri əˈbʤɛktɪv tɪp ðə ˈbæləns əv ðə wɔr ɪn ˈfeɪvər əv ðə ˈsɪriən ɑrmd ˈfɔrsɪz. ˈhævɪŋ dɪˈskɑrdɪd ðə ˈsɪli ˈɑrgjəmənts ənd wi hæv ɪˈstæblɪʃt ðə ril ˈrəʃən goʊlz wi kən naʊ ɪˈvæljuˌeɪt ˈwɛðər ˈrəʃə həz bɪn səkˈsɛsfəl ər nɑt. ˈɔrdər ɪt naʊ ˈfɑloʊɪŋ ˈoʊnli θri wiks əv ˈrəʃən ɛr ənd ˈmɪsəl ˌɑpərˈeɪʃənz, əˈsɑd keɪm tɪ ˈmɔˌskaʊ ənd ðə fərst ˌməltɪˈlætərəl nɪˌgoʊʃiˈeɪʃənz, wɪʧ brɔt təˈgɛðər ðə ˈfɔrən ˈmɪnɪstərz əv ˈrəʃə, ðə ˈjuˈɛs, ˈtərki ənd ˈsɔdi əˈreɪbiə, tʊk pleɪs ɪn viˈɛnə. ɔl ðə ˈkəntriz wɪʧ hæd ənˈliʃt ðɛr əˈgrɛʃən əˈgɛnst ˈsɪriə ˈəndər ðə məst go”*” sˈloʊgən naʊ hæd tɪ əkˈsɛpt ðət əˈsɑd wɑz nɑt goʊɪŋ ˈɛniˌwɛr. ðɪs wɑz ə kəmˈplit ˌdɪpləˈmætɪk traɪəmf fər ˈrəʃə. ðɪs fərst traɪəmf wɑz ˈfɑloʊd baɪ əˈnəðər ˈsɪriz əv traɪəmfs æt ðə unsc*. ɪn ðə ˈminˌtaɪm, ɔn ðə graʊnd ɪn ˈsɪriə, ðə ˈsɪriən ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri, fər ðə fərst taɪm ɪn mənθs, ˈæˌkʧuəli bɪˈgæn ə ˈsɪriz əv wɪʧ sˈloʊli, bət ˌsɪstəˈmætɪkli, bɪˈgæn tɪ pʊʃ bæk ɪn moʊst ˈsɛktərz əv ðə frənt. soʊ ɪf ðə kraɪˈtɪriə ɪz ðə ləˈʤɪtəmət əˈθɔrəti ənd kriˈeɪtɪŋ kənˈdɪʃənz fər ə pəˈlɪtɪkəl compromise”*”, ðɛn ðə ˈrəʃən ˌɑpərˈeɪʃən ɪz ˈnəθɪŋ ʃɔrt əv ə ˈtoʊtəl ˈvɪktəri, ə tru ˌdɪpləˈmætɪk traɪəmf əˈʧivd ɪn ə ˈvɛri ʃɔrt taɪm. ɪn lɛs ðən wən mənθ, ðə ˈrəʃənz səkˈsidɪd ɪn ˈmeɪkɪŋ ˈprɛzəns æt ðə hɛd əv ə ləˈʤɪtəmət ˈgəvərnmənt ɪn dəˈmæskəs ən ˌɪndɪˈspjutəbəl ˌriˈæləˌti wɪʧ ɔl hæd tɪ əkˈsɛpt, ənd ðə kənˈdɪʃənz fər ə pəˈlɪtɪkəl ˈkɑmprəˌmaɪz wər kriˈeɪtɪd, æt list ɪn ˌdɪpləˈmætɪk tərmz. naʊ teɪk ə ˈkloʊzər lʊk æt wət həz ˈæˌkʧuəli ˈhæpənd ɪn ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri tərmz. bət ˌbiˈfɔr wi du ðət, lɛt mi rɪˈpit wəns əˈgɛn ðət ˈtɪpɪŋ ðə ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri ˈbæləns həz ˈnɛvər bɪn ðə ˈpraɪˌmɛri ˈrəʃən əˈbʤɛktɪv, ˈoʊnli ə ˈsɛkənˌdɛri wən wɪʧ kʊd bi əˈʧivd, ər soʊ ðə ˈrəʃənz hoʊp, ɪn ðə ˈprɔˌsɛs əv əˈʧivɪŋ ðə fərst, meɪn, wən. tɪ pruv maɪ pɔɪnt, aɪ wɪl hæv tɪ rɪˈpit əˈgɛn ənd əˈgɛn ˈsəmθɪŋ aɪ hæv bɪn rɪˈpitɪŋ fər ðə pæst θri mənθs: ðə grup əv ðə ˈrəʃən ˈɛrˌspeɪs fɔrs (rasf*) ɪn syria”*” (ðət ɪz ɪts əˈfɪʃəl neɪm) ɪz ˈrəfli ɪkˈwɪvələnt tɪ ʤɪst wən ˌeɪviˈeɪʃən ˈrɛʤəmənt. wɪˈθaʊt goʊɪŋ ˈɪntu ˈmɛni ˈditeɪlz, ju nid tɪ noʊ ðət ˈrəʃən ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri ˈθɪri həz dɪˈvɛləpt ə ˈvɛri strɪkt sɛt əv nɔrmz wɪʧ ˈaʊˌtlaɪn ɪn greɪt ˈditeɪl ðə kaɪnd əv ˈfɔrsɪz ˈnidɪd tɪ səkˈsɛsfəli ˈɛksəˌkjut ˈɛni spɪˈsɪfɪk tæsk. wət ɪz ˌæbsəˈlutli klɪr tɪ ˈɛnibədi wɪθ ˈivɪn ə ˈbeɪsɪk ˌəndərˈstændɪŋ əv ˈwɔrˌfɛr ənd, əˈspɛʃəli, ɛr ˌɑpərˈeɪʃənz, ɪz ðət wən ˈsɪŋgəl ˌeɪviˈeɪʃən ˈrɛʤəmənt ˈkænɑt bi juzd tɪ dɪˈfit ə fɔrs wɪθ wɛl ˈoʊvər kəmˈbætənts dɪˈplɔɪd əˈkrɔs ə ˈtɛrɪˌtɔri əv ˈrəfli (ʤɪst ɪn ˈsɪriə) səˈpɔrtɪd baɪ ə ˈnɛtˌwərk əv ˈbeɪsɪz ənd ˈtreɪnɪŋ kæmps ɪn ˈtərki ənd ˈəðər ˈkəntriz əv ðə ˈriʤən ənd wɪʧ gɪts ə kˈwɑsi ˈɪnfənət səˈplaɪ əv ˈwɛpənz, kəmˈbætənts ənd ˈməni frəm ˈnumərəs ˈwɛlθi steɪt ˈspɑnsərz. æsk ˈɛnibədi wɪθ ˈivɪn ə ˌsupərˈfɪʃəl ˈnɑlɪʤ əv ˈrəʃən ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri ˈθɪri ənd wɪl tɛl ju ðət ðɪs ɪz nɑt ðə kaɪnd əv tæsk ən ˈgɪvɪn tɪ ən ˌeɪviˈeɪʃən ˈrɛʤəmənt. ðoʊz hu seɪ ˈəðərˌwaɪz ˈsɪmpli noʊ wət ðeɪ ər ˈtɔkɪŋ əˈbaʊt. wət ɪz ˈtruli rɪˈmɑrkəbəl ɪz ðət ðə reɪnʤ əv ˈmɪʃənz əˈkɑmplɪʃt baɪ ðɪs ˌeɪviˈeɪʃən ˈrɛʤəmənt ɪkˈwɪvələnt saɪz fɔrs həz bɪn wən wɪʧ ˈnɔrməli hæv bɪn ˈgɪvɪn tɪ ən ˌeɪviˈeɪʃən dɪˈvɪʒən (ə fɔrs ˈrəfli 3 tɪ 5 taɪmz ˈlɑrʤər). lɛt mi rɪˈpit ðət: ðɪs ˌrɛʤəˈmɛntəl saɪz fɔrs həz, fər θri mənθs ˌnɑnˈstɑp, səkˈsɛsfəli ˈɛksəˌkjutɪd ðə əˈmaʊnt əv ˈɛrˌstraɪks ˈnɔrməli ˈgɪvɪn tɪ ə fɔrs 3 tɪ 5 taɪmz ˈbɪgər. naʊ aɪ noʊ əˈbaʊt ju, bət fər mi ðɪs ʃʊr ɪz ðə saɪn əv ə fænˈtæstɪkli səkˈsɛsfəl ˌɑpərˈeɪʃən. æsk ˈɛni ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri kəˈmændər haʊ hi wʊd fil ɪf ðə fɔrs hi kəˈmændz kʊd əˈkɑmplɪʃ nɑt ʤɪst ðə fʊl sɛt əv tæsks ɪt ɪz səˈpoʊzd tɪ əˈkɑmplɪʃ, bət 3 tɪ 5 taɪmz mɔr, ənd ðɪs ɪn ril ˈkɑmbæt ˌɑpərˈeɪʃən. aɪ əˈʃʊr ju ðət ðɪs kəˈmændər wʊd bi ɪˈleɪtɪd. ðə fækt ðət səm ər stɪl ˈkeɪpəbəl əv ˈspikɪŋ əv ə ˈrəʃən ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri ˈfeɪljər ɪz ə saɪn əv ˈiðər dɪˈsɑnəsti ər ˈɪgnərəns (ər boʊθ). səm hæv traɪd tɪ ˈʤəstəˌfaɪ ðɛr ˈnɛgətɪv ɪˌvæljuˈeɪʃən əv ðə ˈrəʃən ˌɑpərˈeɪʃən baɪ ˈkaʊntɪŋ ðə pərˈsɛnɪʤ ʧeɪnʤ ɪn ðə ˈtɛrɪˌtɔri kənˈtroʊld baɪ ðə ˈgəvərnmənt ˈfɔrsɪz ɛz əˈpoʊzd tɪ ənd ɪts ˈælaɪz. əˈgɛn, ðɪs ɪz ə keɪs əv ˈiðər dɪˈsɑnəsti ər prəˈfɛʃənəl ˌɪnˈkɑmpətəns. ðə fækt ðət kənˈtroʊlz ˈrəfli 80 əv ðə ˈsɪriən ˈtɛrɪˌtɔri ɪz ˈminɪŋləs ˈnɑnsɛns. nɑt ˈoʊnli bɪˈkəz ðɪs 80 əv lænd ˈoʊnli ˌɪnˈkludz 20 əv ðə ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃən əv ˈsɪriə, bət bɪˈkəz ðə ˈvɛri ˈnoʊʃən əv ““control”*” minz ˈnəθɪŋ ɪn ðə ˈkɑntɛkst əv ðɪs wɔr. wət ɪz ˈrɪli ˈhæpənɪŋ ɪz ðɪs: moʊst əv ðə ˈkɑmbæt ˌɑpərˈeɪʃən ər ˈsɛntərd əraʊnd ˈmeɪʤər ˈərbən ˈɛriəz (ˈsɪtiz) ənd spɪˈsɪfɪk laɪnz əv kəmˌjunəˈkeɪʃənz (roʊdz). ɪn tərmz əv smɔl taʊnz ər ðə rɛst əv ðə ˈkəntriˌsaɪd, ɪt ɪz nɑt ˈrɪli ““controlled”*” baɪ ˈɛnibədi. ˈtɪpɪkəli, wɪn ðə ˈgəvərnmənt ˈfɔrsɪz teɪk ˈvɪlɪʤ ““a”*”, ðə ˈfɔrsɪz goʊ tɪ ““b”*” ənd wɪn ðə ˈgəvərnmənt teɪks ““b”*”, goʊz bæk tɪ ““a”*”. (ðoʊz ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪd ɪn ðiz ˈtæktɪkəl ˈɪʃuz ʃʊd rɛd ðɪs ˈɪntərvˌju əv ə ˈrəʃən ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri ˈspɛʃəlɪst wɪθ ə greɪt dil əv ɪkˈspɪriəns əv ˈsɪriə trænzˈleɪtəd baɪ maɪ frɛnd mihailovich*). ðə ˈgəvərnmənt ˈfɔrsɪz ər ɔˈrɛdi ənd ər ˈbɛrli ˈkeɪpəbəl əv ˈmaʊntɪŋ ən əˈfɛnsɪv wɪˈθaʊt ˈhævɪŋ tɪ muv ðɛr ˈfɔrsɪz ˈæləˌkeɪtɪd tɪ ðə dɪˈfɛns əv ki ˈsɪtiz. ðɪs ɪz ˈɔlsoʊ waɪ ðə ˈsɪriən həz bɪn soʊ sloʊ: ə daɪər læk əv ˈmænˌpaʊər. ˈfərðərˌmɔr, sɪns ðə ril ˈfaɪtɪŋ ˈsɛnərz əraʊnd ˈərbən ˈɛriəz ənd ki ˈækˌsɪz əv kəmˌjunəˈkeɪʃənz, ðə ˈvɛri juz əv pərˈsɛnɪʤɪz əv ˈtɛrɪˌtɔri ər ˈminɪŋləs ɪn ˈmɛʒərɪŋ ðə səkˈsɛs əv ˈfeɪljər əv ðiz ˌɑpərˈeɪʃənz. teɪk ðə ɪgˈzæmpəl əv aleppo*: ðə ˈsɪriənz ˈfaɪnəli ˈfʊli ˈlɪˌbərˌeɪt ðə ˈsɪti frəm, wɪʧ wʊd bi ə ˈmeɪʤər səkˈsɛs, ðə pərˈsɛnɪʤ ʃɪft ɪn kənˈtroʊld ˈtɛrɪˌtɔri wɪl bi ˌæbsəˈlutli ˌɪnsɪgnˈjɪfɪkənt. jɛt ɪt wʊd bi ə ˈmeɪʤər səkˈsɛs fər ðə ˈgəvərnmənt ˈfɔrsɪz. nən əv ðə əˈbəv, ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ˈrɪli ˈænsərz ðə kˈwɛʃən əv ˈwɛðər ðə ˈrəʃən ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri ˌɪntərˈvɛnʃən ɪn ˈsɪriə həz tɪpt ðə ˈbæləns ɪn ˈfeɪvər əv ðə ˈsɪriən ˈgəvərnmənt ər nɑt. səm seɪ ðət ɪt həz, ˈəðərz dɪˈnaɪ ðət. maɪ ˈstrɪktli ˈpərsɪnəl əˈpɪnjən ɪz ðət noʊ, ɪt həz nɑt ər, aɪ ʃʊd seɪ, nɑt jɛt. bət ðɛr ər səm saɪnz ðət ɪt maɪt ɪn ðə nɪr fˈjuʧər. wət ər ðiz saɪnz? fərst, ðə ˈprɛʃər ɔn ˈtərki tɪ stɑp ˈæktɪŋ laɪk ə lɛd baɪ ən ˌɪrəˈspɑnsəbəl ˌmɛgəloʊˈmeɪniˌæk həz bɪn ˌɪnˈkrisɪŋ ˈɛvər sɪns ðə ˈdaʊnɪŋ əv ðə ˈrəʃən ənd ðə ˈsəbsəkwənt ˈrəʃən ˌrɛvəˈleɪʃənz əˈbaʊt ðə ˈtərkɪʃ rəˈʒim ənd, spəˈsɪfɪkli, ðə ˌɪnˈvɑlvmənt ɪn ðə ˌɪˈligəl ˈpərʧəs əv ɔɪl. soʊ fɑr ðə rəˈʒim ɪz ˈhoʊldɪŋ fæst, bət ɪt ɪz ˈklɪrli ˈhərtɪŋ ˈplɪtɪkli ənd ðə ˈtɛnʧənz ər naʊ ˈflɛrɪŋ əp ˌɪnˈsaɪd ənd ɔl əraʊnd ˈtərki. waɪl aɪ ɪkˈspɛkt tɪ keɪv ɪn tɪ ɪkˈstərnəl ˈprɛʃərz, aɪ du θɪŋk ðət ðə ˈtɛnʧənz ɪn ˈtərki wɪl ɛnd əp ˈhərtɪŋ, ˈprɑbəˌbli ɪn ə ˈmaɪnər weɪ ənˈlɛs ðə ˈkɑnflɪkt wɪθ ðə kərdz ˈtruli bloʊz əp, æt wɪʧ pɔɪnt wɪl bi əˈfɛktɪd ɪn ə məʧ mɔr sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt ˈmænər. ˈsɛkənd, ðɛr ər səm saɪnz ðət ɪz ˈrənɪŋ ˈɪntu ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri ˈdɪfɪˌkəltiz ɪn ˌɪˈrɑk ənd pəˈlɪtɪkəl ˈdɪfɪˌkəltiz ɪn ðə rɛst əv ðə ˈærəb wərld. ðə fækt ðət ðə ˈsɔdiz hæv naʊ fɛlt ðə nid tɪ kriˈeɪt wət ɪz ˈbeɪsɪkli ə ˈsuni ˈtɛrərɪst fɔrs (ˈɑkə əˈfɪʃəli ɛz force”*”) ɪz ə klɪr saɪn ðət ɪz nɑt ˈlɪvɪŋ əp tɪ ðɛr ˌɛkspɛkˈteɪʃənz. θərd, ðə ˈrəʃənz ər naʊ prəˈvaɪdɪŋ ˈhɛvi ɑrˈtɪləri ˈsɪstəmz ənd ˈtreɪnɪŋ tɪ ðə ˈsɪriənz hu ər naʊ sˈloʊli bət ˈʃʊrli əkˈwaɪərɪŋ ðə kaɪnd əv ˈfaɪrˌpaʊər wɪʧ ðə ˈrəʃənz hæv juzd wɪθ ˈdɛvəˌsteɪtɪŋ ˈifɛktɪvnəs əˈgɛnst ðə ɪn chechnia*. fɔrθ, waɪl ðə ˈrəʃən ɛr ˌɑpərˈeɪʃənz ər, baɪ ˌdɛfəˈnɪʃən, ˌɪnˈkeɪpəbəl əv dɪˈfitɪŋ ə ɪn ənd dɪˈspərst gərˈɪlə fɔrs, ɪt kən pleɪs ə greɪt dil əv strɛs ɔn ɪts ləˈʤɪstɪks ənd səˈplaɪ laɪnz. ɪt ˈɔlsoʊ səˈvɪrli riˈstrɪkts ðə moʊˈbɪlɪti əv ˈfɔrsɪz, əˈspɛʃəli baɪ naɪt. fɪθ, wɪθ ðə dɪˈrɛkt səˈpɔrt əv ðə rasf*, ðə ˈsɪriənz, bækt baɪ ˌhɛzbɑˈlə, hæv ˈbeɪgən riˈteɪkɪŋ kənˈtroʊl əv səm ˌsɛgˈmɛnts əv ðə ˈsɪriən ˈbɔrdər wɪθ ˈlɛbənən ənd ˈtərki. ðət ɪz, baɪ ðə weɪ, wən əv ðə moʊst ˈdɪfəkəlt jɛt ˈkruʃəl tæsks fər ðə ˈgəvərnmənt ˈfɔrsɪz: tɪ teɪk ɛz məʧ əv ðə ˈsɪriən ˈbɔrdər wɪθ ˈtərki ˈəndər kənˈtroʊl (ðə ˌɪˈrɑniənz wɪl du ðət wɪθ ðə ˌɪˈræki ˈbɔrdər). ðɪs həz nɑt ˈhæpənd soʊ fɑr, ənd ɪt wɪl nɑt ˈhæpən ɪn ðə nɪr fˈjuʧər, bət ðə ɪˈvɛnts ər ˈmuvɪŋ ɪn ðə raɪt dɪˈrɛkʃɪn. bət wət wɪl ˈrɪli ˌdɪˈsaɪd əv ðə ˈaʊtˌkəm əv ðɪs wɔr ɪz nɑt ˈfaɪrˌpaʊər bət ləˈʤɪstɪks. ˈkərəntli, ðə ˈsɪriənz ər æt ə juʤ ˌdɪsədˈvænɪʤ: nɑt ˈoʊnli ər ðə ʃɔrt ɔn ˌæmjəˈnɪʃən ənd, əˈspɛʃəli, spɛrz, bət ðɛr ɪnˈtaɪər ˈɑrməmənt ɪz ˈaʊtˌdeɪtɪd ənd weɪ pæst ɪts ˌθiərˈɛtɪkəl ˈsərvɪs laɪf. ðə ˈsɪriən ˈgəvərnmənt ˈfɔrsɪz hæv ˈɔlsoʊ ˈsəfərd ˈtɛrəbəl ˈlɔsɪz ɪn ˈmænˌpaʊər bət ðə ˈsɪriənz ˈkænɑt əˈfɔrd ə fʊl ˌmoʊbəlɪˈzeɪʃən ɛz ðɪs wʊd ˈgreɪtli hərt ən ɔˈrɛdi ˈsəfərɪŋ ɪˈkɑnəmi. kip ɪn maɪnd ðət ðə ˈsɪriənz hæv bɪn ˈfaɪtɪŋ ðɪs wɔr fər ˈlɔŋgər 4 jɪrz ənd 9 mənθs) ðən ðə ˈsoʊviˌɛt ˈjunjən fɔt 3 jɪrz ənd 10 mənθs). ðə fækt ðət kræks ər ʃoʊɪŋ ˈɛvriˌwɛr ər ˈnɔrməl. ɪn fækt, ðə ˈoʊnli θɪŋ wɪʧ ðə ˈsɪriənz sim tɪ hæv ən ˈɪnfənət səˈplaɪ əv ɪz kərɪʤ. (ənd wɪn aɪ spik əv aɪ min ɔl əv ðɛm, ðə terrorists”*” ənd ðə ones”*”) ɪz, soʊ fɑr, ˌɛnˈʤɔɪɪŋ ə kˈwɑsi ˈlɪmətləs səˈplaɪ əv kəmˈbætənts, ɪkˈwɪpmənt, səˈplaɪz ənd, moʊst ˌɪmˈpɔrtəntli, ˈməni. wɪθ ðə fʊl ˈbækɪŋ əv ðə ˈjuˈɛˈseɪ, ˈsɔdi əˈreɪbiə, ˌkəˈtɑr, ˈtərki, ˈɪzriəl ənd ˈmɛni ˌjʊrəˈpiən ˈkəntriz, ðɪs ɪz ˈhɑrdli səˈpraɪzɪŋ. ˈɔlsoʊ ˌɛnˈʤɔɪz ə juʤ ˌʤiəˈgræfɪkəl ædˈvæntɪʤ bɪˈkəz ɪt kən juz ˈtərki, ˈʤɔrdən ənd ˌɪˈrɑk ɛz ə rɪr beɪs ənd seɪf ˈhɛvən. meɪk noʊ mɪˈsteɪk hir, ðə ˈsɪriənz ər ðə ˈəndərˌdɔg hir ənd ðɛr ɪz ˈnəθɪŋ ðə ˈrəʃənz kən du tɪ ʧeɪnʤ ðət, æt list nɑt əˈloʊn. ðə ki ˈɪʃu hir ɪz wət ˌɪˈrɑn ɪz ˈkeɪpəbəl ənd ˈwɪlɪŋ tɪ du ɪn ðɪs ˌsɪʧuˈeɪʃən. ˌɪˈrɑn həz ɔˈrɛdi dən ə lɔt ənd aɪ bɪˈliv ðət ðə ˌɪˈrɑniənz wɪl du mɔr bət ˈoʊnli ɪf ðɛr ɪz noʊ ˈəðər weɪ. ɪt ɪz nɑt ðət ðə ˌɪˈrɑniənz læk kərɪʤ ər minz, bət ðə fækt ðət ðeɪ ər ɔˈrɛdi ˈteɪkɪŋ ə juʤ rɪsk ɪn biɪŋ soʊ ˈdipli ˌɪnˈvɑlvd ɪn ðɪs wɔr. aɪ æm ˈpərsənəli səˈpraɪzd baɪ ðə fækt ðət ðə ˈjuˈɛˈseɪ, əˈspɛʃəli, ˈɪzriəl hæv nɑt ɔˈrɛdi ˈstɑrtɪd tɪ dɪˈnaʊns ən ˌɪnˈveɪʒən əv syria”*”, əˈspɛʃəli sɪns ðə ˈjuˈɛˈseɪ dɪd nɑt hæv ˈɛni kwɑmz əˈbaʊt dɪˈnaʊnsɪŋ ə ˈtoʊtəli ˈfɪkʃənəl invasion”*” əv ðə. bət ɪf ðə ˈnəmbər əv ˌɪˈrɑniən buts ɔn ðə graʊnd goʊz əp ðɪs kaɪnd əv ˌprɑpəˈgændə wɪl bi juzd (ˈivɪn ɪf ðə ˌɪˈrɑniənz ər ˈligəli ˈprɛzənt æt ðə rɪkˈwɛst əv ðə ləˈʤɪtəmət ˈsɪriən ˈgəvərnmənt). ˈsædli, ðə hæv səkˈsidɪd ɪn kriˈeɪtɪd ən ˌɪˈmɛns ənd ˈtruli ˈtɑksɪk mɛs wɪθ ðɛr ˌɪntərˈvɛnʃənz ɪn ðə ənd ðə. ʤɪst ɛz ɪn ðə juˈkreɪn, ðɛr ɪz noʊ ˈsɪmpəl səˈluʃən tɪ stɑp ðə ˈkɑnflɪkt ənd rɪˈtərn tɪ pis. ɪn ðə juˈkreɪn, ðə ˈɛmpaɪər ənˈliʃt ə ˈnɔʃəs mɪks əv ˈnɑtsiz ənd ʤuz, waɪl ðə ɪz naʊ θˈrɛtənd baɪ ə ˈmæsɪv ˌɪnˈfɛˈsteɪʃən. ˈniðər ˈrəʃə nɔr ˌɪˈrɑn wɪl ˈɛvər bi ˈeɪbəl tɪ sɑlv ðɪs ˈkɑnflɪkt baɪ ““winning”*” ɪt. θɪŋz hæv gɔn weɪ tu fɑr ənd ʤɪst ɛz pis wɪl rɪˈtərn tɪ ðə juˈkreɪn ˈoʊnli ˈæftər ə full-denazification*, pis wɪl ˈoʊnli rɪˈtərn tɪ ðə ˈæftər ə fʊl əv ðə ˈriʤən, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ɪn ˈsɔdi əˈreɪbiə ənd ˌkəˈtɑr. tɪ ðoʊz hu wɪl əˈkjuz mi əv biɪŋ əˈbaʊt ðə ˌriəˈlɪstɪk ˈprɑspɛkts əv ˈrɪdɪŋ ðə juˈkreɪn əv ˈnɑtsiz ənd ðə əv, aɪ wɪl rɪˈplaɪ wɪθ ə fju ˈsɪmpəl ənd ˈbeɪsɪk kˈwɛsʧənz: du ju ˈrɪli ənd sɪnˈsɪrli bɪˈliv ðət pis kən bi meɪd wɪθ ˈnɑtsiz ənd takfiris*? du ju θɪŋk ðət ˈiðər grup wɪl ˈsɪmpəl up”*” ðɛr dɪˈluʒənəl ˌɪnˈsænɪti ənd bɪˈkəm ə ““normal”*” pəˈlɪtɪkəl fɔrs? ər du ju ˈrɪli bɪˈliv ðət ˈoʊnli ˈlɪˌbərˌeɪtɪŋ ðə ənd ˈsɪriə əv ðiz ənd liv ðɛm ɪn kənˈtroʊl əv ðə rɛst əv ðə wɪl ˈrɪli brɪŋ pis tɪ ðə ər ˈsɪriə? ðə truθ ɪz ðət ðə wɔr ɪn ðə juˈkreɪn wɪl ˈoʊnli ɛnd wɪn ɔl əv ðə juˈkreɪn ɪz ˈlɪˌbərˌeɪtɪd, ʤɪst ɛz ðə wɔr ɪn ðə wɪl ˈoʊnli ɛnd wɪn ɔl əv ðə ɪz ˈlɪˌbərˌeɪtɪd. ju maɪt nɑt laɪk ðɪs ˈnoʊʃən aɪ ʃʊr bət ˌriˈæləˌti həz ˈnɛvər bɪn dɪˈpɛndənt ɔn ɑr laɪks ər dɪsˈlaɪks. ðɪs wɪl bi ə lɔŋ wɔr.
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ever since the first rumors began to circulate about an impending russian military intervention in syria the internet and the media have been flooded with all sorts of silly rumors, myths and outright lies about what could/would happen. these rumors, myths and outright lies are still being spread today, and not only by pro-us interest groups, but even by supposedly pro-russian “analysts”. all this nonsense completely obfuscates the reality of the russian intervention in syria (but maybe that was the goal all along?) and tries to paint the russian operation as a failure. after three months of russian air and missile strikes in syria, it is a good time to ask the question of whether the russians have achieved some tangible results or whether, as some are suggesting, this has basically been a big pr operation.
the key issue here is what criteria to use to measure “success”. and that, in turns, begs the question of what the russians had hoped to achieve with their intervention in the first place. it turns out that putin clearly and officially spelled out what the purpose of the russian intervention was. on october 11th, he declared the following in an interview with vladimir soloviev on the tv channel russia 1:
our objective is to stabilize the legitimate authority and create conditions for a political compromise
that’s it. he did not say that russia would single-handedly change the course of the war, much less so win the war. and while some saw the russian intervention as a total “game changer” which would mark the end of daesh, i never believed that. here is what i wrote exactly one day before putin made the statement above:
make no mistake here, the russian force in syria is a small one, at least for the time being, and it does not even remotely resemble what the rumors had predicted (…) there is no way that the very limited russian intervention can really change the tide of the war, at least not by itself. yes, i do insist that the russian intervention is a very limited one. 12 su-24m, 12 su-25sm, 6 su-34 and 4 su-30sm are not a big force, not even backed by helicopters and cruise missiles. yes, the russian force has been very effective to relieve the pressure on the northwestern front and to allow for a syrian army counter-offensive, but that will not, by itself, end the war.
i was harshly criticized at that time for “minimizing” the scope and potential of the russian operation, but i chose to ignore these criticisms since i knew that time would prove me right.
what happened then was a typical exercise in hyperbole: many putatively pro-russian commentators took turns writing euphoric “analyses” which day after day spiked the public’s hopes only to then later come crushing down in disappointment. predictably, the more the gap between expectations and reality on the ground grew, the more the critiques putin and assad could gloat about the russian “failure to win”. that kind of pseudo-analysis is built on a typical “straw man” fallacy: the ridiculous notion that the russian intended to single-handedly defeat daesh. sadly, “pro-russian” commentators greatly contributed to the construction of that “straw man” by their (and not the russian military’s) completely unrealistic expectations and predictions.
following the second week of the russian intervention in syria i wrote:
the russian force is small and vulnerable. of course, one option for the russians would be to expand the airfield near latakia, but that would take time and more resources and my understanding is that they want to consolidate their current airfield first. however, as a stop-gap measure, the russians could use russian-based bombers. if iran allows russia to conduct in-air refueling in iranian airspace or if iran allows russia to use iranian airbases, then many more su-34/su-35sm or su-34/su-30sm “air force packages” could be engaged in syria. in theory, russia could even provide her tu-22m3 to deliver gravity bombs, her tu-95ms to deliver cruise missiles and her tu-160 to deliver either one or both. i don’t think that there is any military necessity to use these strategic bombers right now, but it might be a good idea to do so for political reasons – just to flex some more ‘military muscle’ and show the neocons that russia is not to be messed with. submarine launched cruise missiles would also work, especially if launched by a russian sub in the mediterranean which the usn did not detect.
and this is exactly what happened next: russia began to use her strategic aviation to augment her capabilities and to show the west that the kremlin meant business. i then concluded by saying:
so far, the kremlin has done a superb pr job explaining that daesh is a direct threat to russia and that it was better for russia to “fight them over there than over here”. this logic, however, is predicated on the idea that a very limited russian intervention can tip the balance. there is a very fine conceptual line between tipping the balance and fighting someone else’s war and that is something the kremlin is acutely aware of. hopefully, this line will never be crossed.
to be fair to the kremlin, saying that it is better to “fight them over there than over here” is in no way a promise the tip any balance. but there were many russian commentators who did say that the russian intervention would, indeed, tip the balance and the kremlin did not directly refute these claims. so i suggest the following goal setting by the kremlin:
primary objective: stabilize the legitimate authority and create conditions for a political compromise
secondary objective : tip the balance of the war in favor of the syrian armed forces.
having discarded the silly strawman arguments and we have established the real russian goals we can now evaluate whether russia has been successful or not.
order it now
following only three weeks of russian air and missile operations, assad came to moscow and the first multilateral negotiations, which brought together the foreign ministers of russia, the us, turkey and saudi arabia, took place in vienna. all the countries which had unleashed their aggression against syria under the “assad must go” slogan now had to accept that assad was not going anywhere. this was a complete diplomatic triumph for russia. this first triumph was followed by another series of triumphs at the unsc. in the meantime, on the ground in syria, the syrian military, for the first time in months, actually began a series of counter-offensive which slowly, but systematically, began to push back daesh in most sectors of the front. so if the criteria is “stabilizing the legitimate authority and creating conditions for a political compromise”, then the russian operation is nothing short of a total victory, a true diplomatic triumph achieved in a very short time. in less than one month, the russians succeeded in making assad’s presence at the head of a legitimate government in damascus an indisputable reality which all assad-haters had to accept, and the conditions for a political compromise were created, at least in diplomatic terms.
now let’s take a closer look at what has actually happened in military terms. but before we do that, let me repeat once again that tipping the military balance has never been the primary russian objective, only a secondary one which could be achieved, or so the russians hope, in the process of achieving the first, main, one. to prove my point, i will have to repeat again and again something i have been mantrically repeating for the past three months: the “operational-tactical group of the russian airspace force (rasf) in syria” (that is its official name) is roughly equivalent to just one aviation regiment. without going into many details, you need to know that russian military theory has developed a very strict set of norms which outline in great detail the kind of forces needed to successfully execute any specific task. what is absolutely clear to anybody with even a basic understanding of warfare and, especially, air operations, is that one single aviation regiment cannot be used to defeat a force with well over 100,000 combatants deployed across a territory of roughly 150,000 km2 (just in syria) supported by a network of bases and training camps in turkey and other countries of the region and which gets a quasi infinite supply of weapons, combatants and money from numerous wealthy state sponsors. ask anybody with even a superficial knowledge of russian military theory and he/she will tell you that this is not the kind of task an given to an aviation regiment. those who say otherwise simply don’t know what they are talking about.
what is truly remarkable is that the range of missions accomplished by this aviation regiment equivalent size force has been one which normally have been given to an aviation division (a force roughly 3 to 5 times larger). let me repeat that: this regimental size force has, for three months nonstop, successfully executed the amount of airstrikes normally given to a force 3 to 5 times bigger. now i don’t know about you, but for me this sure is the sign of a fantastically successful operation. ask any military commander how he would feel if the force he commands could accomplish not just the full set of tasks it is supposed to accomplish, but 3 to 5 times more, and this in real combat operation. i assure you that this commander would be elated. the fact that some are still capable of speaking of a russian military failure is a sign of either dishonesty or ignorance (or both).
some pseudo-analysts have tried to justify their negative evaluation of the russian operation by counting the percentage change in the territory controlled by the government forces as opposed to daesh and its allies. again, this is a case of either dishonesty or professional incompetence. the fact that daesh controls roughly 80% of the syrian territory is meaningless nonsense. not only because this 80% of land only includes 20% of the population of syria, but because the very notion of “control” means nothing in the context of this war.
what is really happening is this: most of the combat operation are centered around major urban areas (cities) and specific lines of communications (roads). in terms of small towns or the rest of the countryside, it is not really “controlled” by anybody. typically, when the government forces take village “a”, the daesh forces go to “b” and when the government takes “b”, daesh goes back to “a”. (those interested in these tactical issues should read this interview of a russian military specialist with a great deal of experience of syria translated by my friend tatzhit mihailovich). the government forces are already overstretched and are barely capable of mounting an offensive without having to move their forces allocated to the defense of key cities. this is also why the syrian counter-offensive has been so slow: a dire lack of manpower.
furthermore, since the real fighting centers around urban areas and key axes of communications, the very use of percentages of territory are meaningless in measuring the success of failure of these operations. take the example of aleppo: if/when the syrians finally fully liberate the city from daesh, which would be a major success, the percentage shift in controlled territory will be absolutely insignificant. yet it would be a major success for the government forces.
none of the above, however, really answers the question of whether the russian military intervention in syria has tipped the balance in favor of the syrian government or not. some say that it has, others deny that. my strictly personal opinion is that no, it has not or, i should say, not yet. but there are some signs that it might in the near future. what are these signs?
first, the pressure on turkey to stop acting like a rogue-state led by an irresponsible megalomaniac has been increasing ever since the downing of the russian su-24 and the subsequent russian revelations about the turkish regime and, specifically, the erdogan family’s involvement in the illegal purchase of daesh oil. so far the regime is holding fast, but it is clearly hurting politically and the tensions are now flaring up inside and all around turkey. while i don’t expect erdogan to cave in to external pressures, i do think that the tensions in turkey will end up hurting daesh, probably in a minor way unless the conflict with the kurds truly blows up, at which point daesh will be affected in a much more significant manner.
second, there are some signs that daesh is running into military difficulties in iraq and political difficulties in the rest of the arab world. the fact that the saudis have now felt the need to create what is basically a sunni anti-shia terrorist force (aka officially as “islamic anti-terrorist force”) is a clear sign that daesh is not living up to their expectations.
third, the russians are now providing heavy artillery systems and training to the syrians who are now slowly but surely acquiring the kind of firepower which the russians have used with devastating effectiveness against the wahabis in chechnia.
fourth, while the russian air operations are, by definition, incapable of defeating a well-dug in and dispersed guerrilla force, it can place a great deal of stress on its logistics and supply lines. it also severely restricts the mobility of daesh forces, especially by night.
fifth, with the direct support of the rasf, the syrians, backed by hezbollah, have begun retaking control of some segments of the syrian border with lebanon and turkey. that is, by the way, one of the most difficult yet crucial tasks for the government forces: to take as much of the syrian border with turkey under control (the iranians will do that with the iraqi border). this has not happened so far, and it will not happen in the near future, but the events are moving in the right direction.
but what will really decide of the outcome of this war is not firepower but logistics. currently, the syrians are at a huge disadvantage: not only are the short on ammunition and, especially, spares, but their entire armament is outdated and way past its theoretical service life. the syrian government forces have also suffered terrible losses in manpower but the syrians cannot afford a full mobilization as this would greatly hurt an already suffering economy. keep in mind that the syrians have been fighting this war for longer (4 years and 9 months) than the soviet union fought wwii (3 years and 10 months). the fact that cracks are showing everywhere are normal. in fact, the only thing which the syrians seem to have an infinite supply of is courage.
daesh (and when i speak of daesh i mean all of them, the “good terrorists” and the “bad ones”) is, so far, enjoying a quasi limitless supply of combatants, equipment, supplies and, most importantly, money. with the full backing of the usa, saudi arabia, qatar, turkey, israel and many european countries, this is hardly surprising. daesh also enjoys a huge geographical advantage because it can use turkey, jordan and iraq as a rear base and safe heaven.
make no mistake here, the syrians are the underdog here and there is nothing the russians can do to change that, at least not alone. the key issue here is what iran is capable and willing to do in this situation. iran has already done a lot and i believe that the iranians will do more but only if there is no other way. it is not that the iranians lack courage or means, but the fact that they are already taking a huge risk in being so deeply involved in this war. i am personally surprised by the fact that the usa, especially, israel have not already started to denounce an “iranian invasion of syria”, especially since the usa did not have any qualms about denouncing a totally fictional “russian invasion” of the donbass. but if the number of iranian boots on the ground goes up this kind of propaganda will be used (even if the iranians are legally present at the request of the legitimate syrian government).
sadly, the anglozionists have succeeded in created an immense and truly toxic mess with their interventions in the maghreb and the middle-east. just as in the ukraine, there is no simple solution to stop the conflict and return to peace. in the ukraine, the empire unleashed a nauseous mix of nazis and jews, while the middle-east is now threatened by a massive takfiri infestation. neither russia nor iran will ever be able to solve this conflict by “winning” it. things have gone way too far and just as peace will return to the ukraine only after a full-denazification, peace will only return to the middle-east after a full de-takfirization of the region, including in saudi arabia and qatar. to those who will accuse me of being naïve about the realistic prospects of ridding the ukraine of nazis and the middle-east of wahabis, i will reply with a few simple and basic questions: do you really and sincerely believe that peace can be made with nazis and takfiris? do you think that either group will simple “give up” their delusional insanity and become a “normal” political force? or do you really believe that only liberating the donbass and syria of these shaitans and leave them in control of the rest of the ukraine/middle-east will really bring peace to the donbass or syria?
the truth is that the war in the ukraine will only end when all of the ukraine is liberated, just as the war in the middle-east will only end when all of the middle-east is liberated. you might not like this notion – i sure don’t – but reality has never been dependent on our likes or dislikes. this will be a long war.
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ˈɪmɪʤ ˈkɑpiˌraɪt ˈgɛti ˈɪmɪʤɪz ˈɪmɪʤ ˈkæpʃən ˈsoʊni ˌmænjəˈfækʧərd ðə læst bæʧ əv ɪts ˈridər dɪˈvaɪsɪz ˈaʊtˈsaɪd ʤəˈpæn ɪn meɪ ˈsoʊni həz ˈgɪvɪn əp ˈsɛlɪŋ ɪts laɪn əv ˈridər dɪˈvaɪsɪz fər ˈæftər ˈfeɪlɪŋ tɪ faɪnd ə bɪg ɪˈnəf ˈmɑrkɪt. "wi du nɑt hæv plænz tɪ dɪˈvɛləp ə səkˈsɛsər ˈridər ˈmɑdəl æt ðɪs taɪm," ðə ˌʤæpəˈniz fərm toʊld ðə ˌbibiˈsi. ðə wɑz ðə læst ˈvərʒən meɪd ənd wɪl ɪgˈzɪst ɛz lɔŋ ɛz səˈplaɪz rɪˈmeɪn ɪn ˈjʊrəp. ˈərliər ðɪs jɪr, ˈsoʊni pʊld aʊt əv ˈsɛlɪŋ ənd dɪˈrɛktɪd ɪts ˈjuzərz ɪn ðə ˈjuˈɛs ənd ˈjʊrəp tɪ ðə əv ˈraɪvəl. nɔrθ əˈmɛrɪkən ˈkəstəmərz ˈjuzɪŋ ˈsoʊni ˈridərz hæv bɪn dɪˈrɛktɪd tɪ baɪ bʊks frəm sɪns ˈfɛbruˌɛri ðɪs jɪr, ənd ˌjʊrəˈpiən ənd ɔˈstreɪljən ˈkəstəmərz sɪns meɪ, ə ˈsoʊni ˈspoʊksˌwʊmən sɛd. bət ˈjuzərz ɪn ʤəˈpæn, ˈsoʊniz hoʊm ˈkəntri, kən kənˈtɪnju tɪ stɪl gɪt ɪts laɪn əv ˈridərz ənd ˈækˌsɛs ˈsoʊniz ˈridər stɔr. ðə nuz wɑz fərst ˌriˈpɔrtəd baɪ ˈʤərmən saɪt lesen*. ðə ˈdɑmənəns əv ˈæməˌzɑnz reɪnʤ əv ənd ðə groʊɪŋ smartphone*, ˈtæblət ənd ˈsoʊˈkɔld ˈmɑrkɪt hæv meɪd ɪt hɑrd fər ˈsoʊniz swit əv ənd ˈraɪvəlz laɪk nʊk tɪ kɑrv aʊt ə nɪʧ fər ðɛmˈsɛlvz. əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ðə ˈbʊkˌsɛlər, ˈæməˌzɑn həz əraʊnd 90 əv ðə ˈdɛdəkeɪtəd ˈmɑrkɪt ɪn ðə uk*. kəˈneɪdiən fərm wɑz bɔt baɪ ˌʤæpəˈniz ˈkəmpəˌni rakuten*, wɪʧ ɪz ˈlʊkɪŋ tɪ groʊ ɪts ˈbɪznɪs ˈgloʊbəli ɪn ə bɪd tɪ ˈʧælənʤ ˈæməˌzɑn. ðə ˈgloʊbəl ˈmɑrkɪt ɪn ˈdɛdəkeɪtəd pikt ɪn 2011 wɪθ 23 ˈmɪljən dɪˈvaɪsɪz soʊld, bət ɪz ɪkˈspɛktɪd tɪ fɔl tɪ 10 ˈmɪljən baɪ 2017 ɛz foʊnz ənd ˈtæbləts it ˈɪntu ðə ˈoʊvərˌɔl ˈmɑrkɪt, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ðə ˈrisərʧ kənˈsəltənsi ˈgɑrtnər. stɪl, ðə seɪl əv ˈprɪnɪd bʊks wɪl bi aʊtˈstrɪpt baɪ baɪ 2018 ə rɪˈpɔrt baɪ ˈkupərz səˈʤɛstɪd.
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image copyright getty images image caption sony manufactured the last batch of its reader devices outside japan in may
sony has given up selling its line of reader devices for e-books after failing to find a big enough market.
"we do not have plans to develop a successor reader model at this time," the japanese firm told the bbc.
the prs-t3 was the last version made and will exist as long as supplies remain in europe.
earlier this year, sony pulled out of selling e-books and directed its users in the us and europe to the e-bookstore of rival kobo.
north american customers using sony readers have been directed to buy books from kobo since february this year, and european and australian customers since may, a sony spokeswoman said.
but users in japan, sony's home country, can continue to still get its line of readers and access sony's reader store.
the news was first reported by german site lesen.
the dominance of amazon's range of kindles and the growing smartphone, tablet and so-called phablet market have made it hard for sony's suite of e-readers and rivals like nook to carve out a niche for themselves. according to the bookseller, amazon has around 90% of the dedicated e-reader market in the uk.
canadian firm kobo was bought by japanese e-commerce company rakuten, which is looking to grow its business globally in a bid to challenge amazon.
the global market in dedicated e-readers peaked in 2011 with 23 million devices sold, but is expected to fall to 10 million by 2017 as phones and tablets eat into the overall market, according to the research consultancy gartner.
still, the sale of printed books will be outstripped by e-books by 2018, a report by pricewaterhouse coopers suggested.
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gamestop* ənˈveɪlz juzd æt lɔs ˈænʤəlɪs əˈmɪd ə pækt ˌɔdəˈtɔriəm, mˈjuzɪk ənd sˈwərlɪŋ ˈleɪzər laɪts, ˈsiˌiˈoʊ ʤeɪ. pɔl reɪnz ənˈveɪld ə juzd nɪnˈtɛndoʊ 64 ˈkɑnsoʊl meɪd ɪn 1996 tɪ ə ˈfrɛnzid ˈɔdiəns. gɑt ə ˈprɑˌsɛsər ɪn ðɪs baby,”*,” reɪnz sɛd, ˈmɛgəhərts ˈgræfɪks kɑrd, 4 ˈmɛgəˌbaɪts əv ræm, ə ˈgoʊldəˌnaɪ ˈstɪkər ˈkəvərɪŋ ðə ˈrisɛt ˈbətən, ənd ə ˈsɪŋgəl kənˈtroʊlər wɪθ ə ˈbroʊkən d-pad!”*!” waɪl səm ər ˈkɔlɪŋ ðɪs ə geɪm ˈʧeɪnʤər fər ðə ˈɪndəstri, ðə ˈsɪstəm ˌɪtˈsɛlf ˈkænɑt ʧeɪnʤ geɪmz. ə ˈkɑpi əv ˈzɛldə: əv taɪm ɪz ˈprɪti məʧ glud ɪn ðɛr naʊ bɪˈkəz ˈsəmˌwən spɪld ˈmaʊntən du ɔn ɪt. ər ə lɔt əv ˈpipəl aɪ wɔnt tɪ thank,”*,” reɪnz ˈsteɪtɪd ˈæftər ˈsɛtəlɪŋ ðə kraʊd daʊn. ənd ˈfɔrˌmoʊst, ʤeɪmz ˈfɪʃər. wɪˈθaʊt ɪm ˈtreɪdɪŋ ðɪs ˈsɪstəm ɪn aɪ noʊ wɛr wi wʊd bi. ðɛn ðɛr ɪz maɪ bɔɪ, bræd ˈpætərsən, ɪmˈplɔɪi ˌɛkstrəˈɔrdɪˌnɛr, fər ˈmeɪkɪŋ ðɪs dil possible!”*!” rɛd mɔr frəm hɑrd draɪv, ðə ˈoʊnli ˈɛθɪkəl ˈgeɪmɪŋ ˈʤərnəˌlɪzəm saɪt ɔn ðə ˈɪntərˌnɛt: reɪnz wɛnt ɔn tɪ θæŋk ðə ““programmers”*” hu spɛnt ən ɪnˈtaɪər ˌæftərˈnun ɪnˈʃʊrɪŋ ðə ˈsɪstəm ˈfəŋkʃənd ˈprɑpərli ənd wɑz (ə roʊʧ hæd daɪd ɪn ðə ˈmɛməri ɪkˈspænʧən slɑt). ðeɪ klind ðə kənˈtroʊlər pɔrts wɪθ kəmˈprɛst ɛr ənd ˌriˈpleɪst ðə ˈeɪˈsi paʊər əˈdæptər bɪˈkəz ðə ərˈɪʤənəl ʃoʊd saɪnz əv sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt ˈfiˌlaɪn chewage*. ðə əˈnaʊnsmɛnt həz bɪn mɛt wɪθ mɪkst fæn riˈækʃən. ləv it,”*,” ˈsteɪtɪd mɑrk ˈɛlɪs, ˈɛni ˈmæsɪv ˈəpˌdeɪt taɪmz, ðɛr ər ɔˈrɛdi ˈɔlˌmoʊst 300 geɪmz ɪn ðə ˈkætəˌlɔg aɪ kʊd ˌhaɪpəˈθɛtɪkli pleɪ ɪf aɪ kʊd gɪt ðət dæm ˈkɑrtrɪʤ aʊt, ənd ðə ˈgræfɪks ər soʊ retro.”*.” ɪt dɪz ɪz pleɪ games,”*,” ˈsteɪtɪd diˈtræktər ˈæʃli ˈsaɪmən, ˈdaʊnˌloʊd indie-games*, ju strim netflix*, ənd ju nid θri hænz tɪ wərk ðə rɪˈmoʊt. wət ə joke!”*!” ˈsɔrsəz ˈɪndəˌkeɪt ðət ɪz ɔˈrɛdi hɑrd æt wərk fər nɛkst kənˈvɛnʃən, ˈhɪntɪŋ ðət nɪˌgoʊʃiˈeɪʃənz hæv ˈbeɪgən tɪ sɪˈkjʊr moʊst ˈpaʊərfəl console”*” ə ˈsigə frəm ə ˈwʊmən huz sən həz ʤɪst lɛft fər ˈkɑlɪʤ.
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gamestop unveils used n64 at e3
los angeles amid a packed auditorium, edm music and swirling laser lights, gamestop ceo j. paul raines unveiled a used nintendo 64 console made in 1996 to a frenzied audience.
“we got a 64-bit processor in this baby,” raines said, “62.5 megahertz graphics card, 4 megabytes of ram, a goldeneye sticker covering the reset button, and a single controller with a broken d-pad!”
while some are calling this a game changer for the industry, the system itself cannot change games. a copy of zelda: ocarina of time is pretty much glued in there now because someone spilled mountain dew on it.
“there are a lot of people i want to thank,” raines stated after settling the crowd down. “first and foremost, james fisher. without him trading this system in i don’t know where we would be. then there is my boy, brad patterson, gamestop employee extraordinaire, for making this deal possible!”
read more from hard drive, the only ethical gaming journalism site on the internet:
raines went on to thank the “programmers” who spent an entire afternoon ensuring the system functioned properly and was debugged (a roach had died in the memory expansion slot). they cleaned the controller ports with compressed air and replaced the ac power adapter because the original showed signs of significant feline chewage.
the announcement has been met with mixed fan reaction. “i love it,” stated 12-year-old mark ellis, “there aren’t any massive update times, there are already almost 300 games in the catalogue i could hypothetically play if i could get that damn cartridge out, and the graphics are so retro.”
“all it does is play games,” stated detractor ashley simon, “you can’t download indie-games, you can’t stream netflix, and you need three hands to work the remote. what a joke!”
sources indicate that gamestop is already hard at work for next year’s convention, hinting that negotiations have begun to secure “the world’s most powerful console” a sega dreamcast from a woman whose son has just left for college.
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ðɪs ˈɑrtɪkəl ɪz əˈbaʊt ðə skəlz əv ɔl ˈænəməlz ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ˈjumənz. fər ˈəðər ˈjuzɪz, si skəl (disambiguation*) "ˈkreɪˌniəm" hir. fər ˈəðər ˈjuzɪz, si ˈkreɪˌniəm (disambiguation*) ðə skəl ɪz ə ˈboʊni ˈstrəkʧər ðət fɔrmz ðə hɛd ɪn ˈvərtəˌbreɪts. ɪt səˈpɔrts ðə ˈstrəkʧərz əv ðə feɪs ənd prəˈvaɪdz ə prəˈtɛktɪv ˈkævəti fər ðə ðə skəl ɪz kəmˈpoʊzd əv tu pɑrts: ðə ˈkreɪˌniəm ənd ðə ˈmændɪbəl. ɪn ðə ˈjumən, ðiz tu pɑrts ər ðə ənd ðə ər ˈfeɪʃəl ˈskɛlətən ðət ˌɪnˈkludz ðə ˈmændɪbəl ɛz ɪts ˈlɑrʤəst boʊn. ðə skəl fɔrmz ðə ænˈtɪriər moʊst ˈpɔrʃən əv ðə ˈskɛlətən ənd ɪz ə ˈprɑdəkt əv ðə breɪn, ənd ˈsɛvərəl ˈsɛnsəri ˈstrəkʧərz səʧ ɛz ðə aɪz, ɪrz, noʊz, ənd ɪn ˈjumənz ðiz ˈsɛnsəri ˈstrəkʧərz ər pɑrt əv ðə ˈfeɪʃəl ˈskɛlətən. ˈfəŋkʃənz əv ðə skəl ˌɪnˈklud prəˈtɛkʃən əv ðə breɪn, ˈfɪksɪŋ ðə ˈdɪstəns bɪtˈwin ðə aɪz tɪ əˈlaʊ ˈvɪʒən, ənd ˈfɪksɪŋ ðə pəˈzɪʃən əv ðə ɪrz tɪ ɪˈneɪbəl saʊnd əv ðə dɪˈrɛkʃɪn ənd ˈdɪstəns əv saʊnz. ɪn səm ˈænəməlz səʧ ɛz hɔrnd ungulates*, ðə skəl ˈɔlsoʊ həz ə dɪˈfɛnsɪv ˈfəŋkʃən baɪ prəˈvaɪdɪŋ ðə maʊnt (ɔn ðə ˈfrəntəl boʊn) fər ðə hɔrnz. ðə ˈɪŋlɪʃ wərd "skəl" ɪz ˈprɑbəˌbli dəraɪvd frəm oʊld nɔrs "skulle*", waɪl ðə ˈlætən wərd ˈkreɪˌniəm kəmz frəm ðə grik rut (kranion*). ðə skəl ɪz meɪd əp əv ə ˈnəmbər əv fjuzd flæt boʊnz, ənd kənˈteɪnz ˈmɛni,, ˈprɑsɛsəz, ənd ˈsɛvərəl ˈkævɪtiz ər ˈsaɪnəsəz. ɪn zoʊˈɑləʤi ðɛr ər ˈoʊpənɪŋz ɪn ðə skəl kɔld. ˈstrəkʧər ˈɛdət fər ˈditeɪlz ənd ðə kənˈstɪʧuənt boʊnz, si ənd ˈfeɪʃəl ˈskɛlətən skəl ɪn əˈnætəmi əv ə flæt boʊn ðə əv ðə ɪz noʊn ɛz ðə ˈjumən skəl frəm ðə frənt saɪd boʊnz əv skəl ðə ˈjumən skəl ɪz ðə ˈboʊni ˈstrəkʧər ðət fɔrmz ðə hɛd ɪn ðə ˈjumən ˈskɛlətən. ɪt səˈpɔrts ðə ˈstrəkʧərz əv ðə feɪs ənd fɔrmz ə ˈkævəti fər ðə breɪn. laɪk ðə skəlz əv ˈəðər ˈvərtəˌbreɪts, ɪt prəˈtɛkts ðə breɪn frəm ˈɪnʤəri. ðə skəl kənˈsɪsts əv tu pɑrts, əv ˈdɪfərənt ənd ðə ˈfeɪʃəl ˈskɛlətən (ˈɔlsoʊ kɔld ðə). ðə (ər braincase*) fɔrmz ðə prəˈtɛktɪv ˈkreɪˌniəl ˈkævəti ðət səraʊndz ənd ˈhaʊsɪz ðə breɪn ənd brainstem*. ðə ˈəpər ˈɛriəz əv ðə ˈkreɪˌniəl boʊnz fɔrm ðə (ˈskəlˌkæp). ðə ˈmɛmbrənəs ˌɪnˈkludz ðə ˈmændɪbəl. ðə ˈfeɪʃəl ˈskɛlətən ɪz fɔrmd baɪ ðə boʊnz səˈpɔrtɪŋ ðə feɪs boʊnz ˈɛdət ɪkˈsɛpt fər ðə ˈmændɪbəl, ɔl əv ðə boʊnz əv ðə skəl ər ʤɔɪnd təˈgɛðər baɪ (ˌɪˈmuvəbəl) ʤɔɪnts fɔrmd baɪ ˈboʊni ˌɑsəfəˈkeɪʃən, wɪθ pərˈmɪtɪŋ səm ˌflɛksəˈbɪləti. ˈsəmˌtaɪmz ðɛr kən bi ˈɛkstrə boʊn ˈpisɪz wɪˈθɪn ðə ˈsuʧər noʊn ɛz boʊnz ər boʊnz. moʊst ˈkɑmənli ðiz ər faʊnd ɪn ðə kɔrs əv ðə ˈsuʧər. ðə ˈjumən skəl ɪz ˈʤɛnərəli kənˈsɪdərd tɪ kənˈsɪst əv tˈwɛntiˌtu ˈkreɪˌniəl boʊnz ənd ˌfɔrˈtin ˈfeɪʃəl ˈskɛlətən boʊnz. ɪn ðə ðiz ər ðə ɑkˈsɪpətəl boʊn, tu ˈtɛmpərəl boʊnz, tu pərˈaɪətəl boʊnz, ðə, ənd ˈfrəntəl boʊnz. ðə boʊnz əv ðə ˈfeɪʃəl ˈskɛlətən 14 ər ðə, tu ˌɪnˈfɪriər ˈneɪzəl conchae*, tu ˈneɪzəl boʊnz, tu mækˈsɪlə, ðə ˈmændɪbəl, tu ˈpæləˌtaɪn boʊnz, tu boʊnz, ənd tu boʊnz. səm ˈsɔrsəz kaʊnt ə pɛrd boʊn ɛz wən, ər ðə mækˈsɪlə ɛz ˈhævɪŋ tu boʊnz (ɛz ɪts pɑrts); səm ˈsɔrsəz ˌɪnˈklud ðə boʊn ər ðə θri ˈɑsəkəlz əv ðə ˈmɪdəl ɪr bət ðə ˈoʊvərˌɔl ˈʤɛnərəl kənˈsɛnsəs əv ðə ˈnəmbər əv boʊnz ɪn ðə ˈjumən skəl ɪz ðə ˈsteɪtɪd tˈwɛntiˌtu. səm əv ðiz ɑkˈsɪpətəl, pərˈaɪətəl, ˈfrəntəl, ɪn ðə, ənd ðə ˈneɪzəl,, ənd, ɪn ðə ˈfeɪʃəl ˈskɛlətən ər flæt boʊnz. ˈkævɪtiz ənd ˈɛdət kɔrt skæn əv ə ˈjumən skəl ɪn ðə skəl ˈɔlsoʊ kənˈteɪnz ˈsaɪnəsəz, ˈkævɪtiz noʊn ɛz ˈsaɪnəsəz, ənd ˈnumərəs. ðə ˈsaɪnəsəz ər laɪnd wɪθ ˈrɛspərəˌtɔri epithelium*. ðɛr noʊn ˈfəŋkʃənz ər ðə ˈlɛsənɪŋ əv ðə weɪt əv ðə skəl, ðə ˈeɪdɪŋ əv ˈrɛzənəns tɪ ðə vɔɪs ənd ðə ˈwɔrmɪŋ ənd əv ðə ɛr drɔn ˈɪntu ðə ˈneɪzəl ˈkævəti. ðə ər ˈoʊpənɪŋz ɪn ðə skəl. ðə ˈlɑrʤəst əv ðiz ɪz ðə fərˈeɪmən ˈmægnəm ðət əˈlaʊz ðə ˈpæsɪʤ əv ðə ˈspaɪnəl kɔrd ɛz wɛl ɛz nərvz ənd bləd ˈvɛsəlz. ˈprɑsɛsəz ˈɛdət ðə ˈmɛni ˈprɑsɛsəz əv ðə skəl ˌɪnˈklud ðə ˈprɔˌsɛs ənd ðə ˈprɑsɛsəz. dɪˈvɛləpmənt ˈɛdət skəl əv ə ʧaɪld frəm ðə saɪd ðə skəl ɪz ə ˈkɑmplɛks ˈstrəkʧər; ɪts boʊnz ər fɔrmd boʊθ baɪ ənd ˌɑsəfəˈkeɪʃən. ðə skəl rʊf boʊnz, kəmˈpraɪzɪŋ ðə boʊnz əv ðə ˈfeɪʃəl ˈskɛlətən ənd ðə saɪdz ənd rʊf əv ðə, ər ˈdərməl boʊnz fɔrmd baɪ ˌɑsəfəˈkeɪʃən, ðoʊ ðə ˈtɛmpərəl boʊnz ər fɔrmd baɪ ˌɑsəfəˈkeɪʃən. ðə, ðə boʊnz səˈpɔrtɪŋ ðə breɪn (ðə ɑkˈsɪpətəl,, ənd) ər ˈlɑrʤli fɔrmd baɪ ˌɑsəfəˈkeɪʃən. ðəs ˈfrəntəl ənd pərˈaɪətəl boʊnz ər ˈpjʊrli ðə ʤiˈɑmətri əv ðə skəl beɪs ənd ɪts, ðə ænˈtɪriər, ˈmɪdəl ənd ˌpɔˈstɪrjər ˈkreɪˌniəl ˈʧeɪnʤɪz ˈræpədli. ðə ænˈtɪriər ˈkreɪˌniəl ˈʧeɪnʤɪz əˈspɛʃəli ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə fərst traɪˈmɛstər əv ˈprɛgnənsi ənd skəl ˈdifɛkts kən ˈɔfən dɪˈvɛləp ˈdʊrɪŋ ðɪs æt bərθ, ðə ˈjumən skəl ɪz meɪd əp əv 44 ˈsɛpərˌeɪt ˈboʊni ˈɛləmənts. ˈdʊrɪŋ dɪˈvɛləpmənt, ˈmɛni əv ðiz ˈboʊni ˈɛləmənts ˈgræʤuəli fjuz təˈgɛðər ˈɪntu ˈsɑləd boʊn (fər ɪgˈzæmpəl, ðə ˈfrəntəl boʊn). ðə boʊnz əv ðə rʊf əv ðə skəl ər ˌɪˈnɪʃəli ˈsɛpərˌeɪtɪd baɪ ˈriʤənz əv dɛns kəˈnɛktɪv ˈtɪʃu kɔld. ðɛr ər sɪks: wən ænˈtɪriər (ər ˈfrəntəl), wən ˌpɔˈstɪrjər (ər ɑkˈsɪpətəl), tu (ər anterolateral*), ənd tu (ər posterolateral*). æt bərθ ðiz ˈriʤənz ər ˈfaɪbrəs ənd moveable*, ˈnɛsəˌsɛri fər bərθ ənd ˈleɪtər groʊθ. ðɪs groʊθ kən pʊt ə lɑrʤ əˈmaʊnt əv ˈtɛnʃən ɔn ðə "əbˈstɛtrɪkəl hɪnʤ", wɪʧ ɪz wɛr ðə ənd ˈlætərəl pɑrts əv ðə ɑkˈsɪpətəl boʊn mit. ə ˈpɑsəbəl ˌkɑmpləˈkeɪʃən əv ðɪs ˈtɛnʃən ɪz ˈrəpʧər əv ðə greɪt ˈsɛrəbrəl veɪn. ɛz groʊθ ənd ˌɑsəfəˈkeɪʃən ˈprɑˌgrɛs, ðə kəˈnɛktɪv ˈtɪʃu əv ðə ɪz ˌɪnˈveɪdɪd ənd ˌriˈpleɪst baɪ boʊn kriˈeɪtɪŋ ˈsuʧərz. ðə faɪv ˈsuʧərz ər ðə tu ˈsuʧərz, wən kərˈoʊnəl, wən, ənd wən ˈsæʤətəl ˈsuʧər. ðə ˌpɔˈstɪrjər ˈjuʒəwəli ˈkloʊzɪz baɪ eɪt wiks, bət ðə ænˈtɪriər kən rɪˈmeɪn ˈoʊpən əp tɪ ˈeɪˈtin mənθs. ðə ænˈtɪriər ɪz ˈloʊˌkeɪtəd æt ðə ˈʤəŋkʃən əv ðə ˈfrəntəl ənd pərˈaɪətəl boʊnz; ɪt ɪz ə "sɔft spɑt" ɔn ə ˈbeɪbiz ˈfɔrhɛd. ˈkɛrfəl ˌɑbzərˈveɪʃən wɪl ʃoʊ ðət ju kən kaʊnt ə ˈbeɪbiz hɑrt reɪt baɪ əbˈzərvɪŋ ðə pəls ˈpəlsɪŋ ˈsɔftli θru ðə ænˈtɪriər. ðə skəl ɪn ðə ɪz lɑrʤ ɪn prəˈpɔrʃən tɪ ˈəðər pɑrts əv ðə ˈbɑdi. ðə ˈfeɪʃəl ˈskɛlətən ɪz wən ˈsɛvənθ əv ðə saɪz əv ðə. (ɪn ðə ˈædəlt ɪt ɪz hæf ðə saɪz). ðə beɪs əv ðə skəl ɪz ʃɔrt ənd ˈnɛroʊ, ðoʊ ðə ˈɪnər ɪr ɪz ˈɔlˌmoʊst ˈædəlt ˈklɪnɪkəl sɪgˈnɪfɪkəns ˈɛdət ɪz ə kənˈdɪʃən ɪn wɪʧ wən ər mɔr əv ðə ˈfaɪbrəs ˈsuʧərz ɪn ən ˈɪnfənt skəl ˌpriməˈʧʊrli ənd ˈʧeɪnʤɪz ðə groʊθ ˈpætərn əv ðə bɪˈkəz ðə skəl ˈkænɑt ɪkˈspænd ˌpərpənˈdɪkjələr tɪ ðə fjuzd ˈsuʧər, ɪt groʊz mɔr ɪn ðə ˈpɛrəˌlɛl ˈsəmˌtaɪmz ðə rɪˈzəltɪŋ groʊθ ˈpætərn prəˈvaɪdz ðə ˈnɛsəˌsɛri speɪs fər ðə groʊɪŋ breɪn, bət rɪˈzəlts ɪn ən æbˈnɔrməl hɛd ʃeɪp ənd æbˈnɔrməl ˈfeɪʃəl ɪn ˈkeɪsɪz ɪn wɪʧ ðə ˌkɑmpənˈseɪʃən dɪz nɑt ˈifɛktɪvli prəˈvaɪd ɪˈnəf speɪs fər ðə groʊɪŋ breɪn, rɪˈzəlts ɪn ˌɪnˈkrist ˌɪntrəˈkreɪniəl ˈprɛʃər ˈlidɪŋ ˈpɑsəbli tɪ ˈvɪʒəwəl ˌɪmˈpɛrmənt, sˈlipɪŋ ˌɪmˈpɛrmənt, ˈitɪŋ ˈdɪfɪˌkəltiz, ər ən ˌɪmˈpɛrmənt əv ˈmɛntəl ə ˈkɑpər ˈbitən skəl ɪz ə fəˈnɑməˌnɑn wɛˈrɪn ˌɪnˈtɛns ˌɪntrəˈkreɪniəl ˈprɛʃər ðə ˌɪnˈtərnəl ˈsərfəs əv ðə ðə neɪm kəmz frəm ðə fækt ðət ðə ˈɪnər skəl həz ðə əˈpɪrəns əv ˈhævɪŋ bɪn ˈbitən wɪθ ə ˈhæmər, səʧ ɛz ɪz ˈɔfən juzd baɪ coppersmiths*. ðə kənˈdɪʃən ɪz moʊst ˈkɑmən ɪn ˈʧɪldrən. ˈɪnʤəriz ənd ˈtritmənt ˈɛdət ˈɪnʤəriz tɪ ðə breɪn kən bi ˈlaɪfθˌrɛtnɪŋ. ˈnɔrməli ðə skəl prəˈtɛkts ðə breɪn frəm ˈdæmɪʤ θru ɪts hɑrd unyieldingness*; ðə skəl ɪz wən əv ðə list ˈstrəkʧərz faʊnd ɪn ˈneɪʧər wɪθ ɪt ˈnidɪŋ ðə fɔrs əv əˈbaʊt 1 tən tɪ rɪˈdus ðə daɪˈæmətər əv ðə skəl baɪ 1 ɪn səm ˈkeɪsɪz, ˌhaʊˈɛvər, əv hɛd ˈɪnʤəri, ðɛr kən bi reɪzd ˌɪntrəˈkreɪniəl ˈprɛʃər θru ˈmɛkəˌnɪzəmz səʧ ɛz ə haematoma*. ɪn ðiz ˈkeɪsɪz ðə reɪzd ˌɪntrəˈkreɪniəl ˈprɛʃər kən kɔz əv ðə breɪn aʊt əv ðə fərˈeɪmən ˈmægnəm ("coning*") bɪˈkəz ðɛr ɪz noʊ speɪs fər ðə breɪn tɪ ɪkˈspænd; ðɪs kən rɪˈzəlt ɪn sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt breɪn ˈdæmɪʤ ər dɛθ ənˈlɛs ən ˈərʤənt ˌɑpərˈeɪʃən ɪz pərˈfɔrmd tɪ rɪˈliv ðə ˈprɛʃər. ðɪs ɪz waɪ ˈpeɪʃənz wɪθ kənˈkəʃən məst bi wɔʧt ɪkˈstrimli ˈkɛrfəli. ˈdeɪtɪŋ bæk tɪ taɪmz, ə skəl ˌɑpərˈeɪʃən kɔld wɑz ˈsəmˌtaɪmz pərˈfɔrmd. ðɪs ˌɪnˈvɑlvd ˈdrɪlɪŋ ə bər hoʊl ɪn ðə ˈkreɪˌniəm. ɪgˌzæməˈneɪʃən əv skəlz frəm ðɪs ˈpɪriəd rɪˈvilz ðət ðə ˈpeɪʃənz ˈsəmˌtaɪmz sərˈvaɪvd fər ˈmɛni jɪrz ˈæftərwərd. ɪt simz ˈlaɪkli ðət wɑz ˈɔlsoʊ pərˈfɔrmd ˈpjʊrli fər ˌrɪʧuəˈlɪstɪk ər rɪˈlɪʤəs ˈrizənz. ˈnaʊəˌdeɪz ðɪs prəˈsiʤər ɪz stɪl juzd bət ɪz ˈnɔrməli kɔld ə craniectomy*. ɪn mɑrʧ 2013 fər ðə fərst taɪm ɪn ðə juz., ˈrisərʧərz ˌriˈpleɪst ə lɑrʤ pərˈsɛnɪʤ əv ə ˈpeɪʃənts skəl wɪθ ə priˈsɪʒən, ˈpɑləmər əˈbaʊt 9 mənθs ˈleɪtər, ðə fərst kəmˈplit ˈkreɪˌniəm rɪˈpleɪsmənt wɪθ ə ˈplæstɪk ˌɪnˈsərt wɑz pərˈfɔrmd ɔn ə dəʧ ˈwʊmən. ʃi hæd bɪn ˈsəfərɪŋ frəm hyperostosis*, wɪʧ ˌɪnˈkrist ðə ˈθɪknəs əv hər skəl ənd kəmˈprɛst hər ə ˈstədi kənˈdəktəd ɪn 2018 baɪ ðə ˈrisərʧərz əv ˈhɑrvərd ˈmɛdɪkəl skul ɪn ˈbɔstən, ˈfəndɪd baɪ ˈnæʃənəl ˈɪnstɪˌtuts əv hɛlθ (nih*) səˈʤɛstɪd ðət ˌɪnˈstɛd əv ˈtrævəlɪŋ ˈviə bləd, ðɛr ər "ˈtaɪni ˈʧænəlz" ɪn ðə skəl θru wɪʧ ðə ˌɪmˈjun sɛlz kəmˈbaɪnd wɪθ ðə boʊn ˈmɛroʊ riʧ ðə ˈɛriəz əv ˌɪnfləˈmeɪʃən ˈæftər ən ˈɪnʤəri tɪ ðə breɪn ˈtrænzˈʤɛndər prəˈsiʤərz ˈɛdət ˈsərʤɪkəl ˌɔltərˈeɪʃən əv ˈsɛkʃuəli daɪˈmɔrfɪk skəl ˈfiʧərz meɪ bi ˈkɛrid aʊt ɛz ə pɑrt əv ˈfeɪʃəl ˈsərʤəri, ə sɛt əv ˌrikənˈstrəktɪv ˈsərʤɪkəl prəˈsiʤərz ðət kən ˈɔltər meɪl ˈfeɪʃəl ˈfiʧərz tɪ brɪŋ ðɛm ˈkloʊzər ɪn ʃeɪp ənd saɪz tɪ ˈtɪpɪkəl ˈfiˌmeɪl ˈfeɪʃəl ðiz prəˈsiʤərz kən bi ən ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt pɑrt əv ðə ˈtritmənt əv ˈtrænzˈʤɛndər ˈpipəl fər ˈʤɛndər soʊˈsaɪɪti ənd ˈkəlʧər ˈɛdət ə skəl ɪz ðə ˈsɪmbəl əv ˈpɛnəns, sɪlk ɛmˈbrɔɪdəri ˈsɛnʧəri) ˌɑrtəˈfɪʃəl ˈkreɪˌniəl ˌdifɔrˈmeɪʃən ɪz ə ˈlɑrʤli hɪˈstɔrɪkəl ˈpræktɪs əv səm ˈkəlʧərz. kɔrdz ənd ˈwʊdən bɔrdz wʊd bi juzd tɪ əˈplaɪ ˈprɛʃər tɪ ən ˈɪnfənts skəl ənd ˈɔltər ɪts ʃeɪp, ˈsəmˌtaɪmz kwaɪt sɪgˈnɪfɪkəntli. ðɪs prəˈsiʤər wʊd bɪˈgɪn ʤɪst ˈæftər bərθ ənd wʊd bi ˈkɛrid ɔn fər ˈsɛvərəl ˈnidɪd] ˈɛdət laɪk ðə feɪs, ðə skəl ənd tiθ kən ˈɔlsoʊ ˈɪndəˌkeɪt ə ˈpərsənz laɪf ˈhɪstəri ənd ˈɔrəʤən. ˌfɔˈrɛnsɪk ˈsaɪəntɪsts ənd ˌɑrkiˈɑləʤɪsts juz ˈmɛtrɪk ənd treɪts tɪ ˈɛstəˌmeɪt wət ðə ˈbɛrər əv ðə skəl lʊkt laɪk. wɪn ə sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt əˈmaʊnt əv boʊnz ər faʊnd, səʧ ɛz æt ɪn ðə ənd ʃɛl maʊndz ɪn ʤəˈpæn, kən juz treɪts, səʧ ɛz ðə prəˈpɔrʃənz əv lɛŋθ, haɪt ənd wɪdθ, tɪ noʊ ðə riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪps əv ðə ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃən əv ðə ˈstədi wɪθ ˈəðər ˈlɪvɪŋ ər ɪkˈstɪŋkt ˈnidɪd] ðə ˈʤərmən fəˈzɪʃən frænz ˈʤoʊzəf gɔl ɪn əraʊnd 1800 ˈfɔrmjəˌleɪtɪd ðə ˈθɪri əv phrenology*, wɪʧ əˈtɛmptəd tɪ ʃoʊ ðət spɪˈsɪfɪk ˈfiʧərz əv ðə skəl ər əˈsoʊʃiˌeɪtəd wɪθ ˈsərtən ˌpərsəˈnælɪti treɪts ər ˌɪnəˈlɛkʧuəl ˌkeɪpəˈbɪlətiz əv ɪts ˈoʊnər. hɪz ˈθɪri ɪz naʊ kənˈsɪdərd tɪ bi ˈnidɪd] ˈsɛkʃuəl daɪˈmɔrfɪzəm ˈɛdət ɪn ðə ˈsɛnʧəri, ˌænθrəˈpɑləʤɪsts faʊnd ɪt ˈkruʃəl tɪ dɪˈstɪŋgwɪʃ bɪtˈwin meɪl ənd ˈfiˌmeɪl skəlz. ən ˌænθrəˈpɑləʤɪst əv ðə taɪm, ʤeɪmz ˈælən, ˈɑrgjud ðət ðə ˈfiˌmeɪl breɪn wɑz ˈsɪmələr tɪ ðət əv ən ðɪs əˈlaʊd ˌænθrəˈpɑləʤɪsts tɪ dɪˈklɛr ðət ˈwɪmən wər ɪn fækt mɔr ˈiˌmoʊʃənəl ənd lɛs ˈræʃənəl ðən mɛn. ðɛn kənˈkludɪd ðət ˈwɪmənz breɪnz wər mɔr əˈnæləgəs tɪ ˈɪnfənts, ðəs ðɛm ˌɪnˈfɪriər æt ðə tɪ ˈfərðər ðiz kleɪmz əv ˈfiˌmeɪl ˌɪnfɪriˈɔrɪˌti ənd ˈsaɪləns ðə ˈfɛmənɪsts əv ðə taɪm, ˈəðər ˌænθrəˈpɑləʤɪsts ʤɔɪnd ɪn ɔn ðə ˈstədiz əv ðə ˈfiˌmeɪl skəl. ðiz ˈkreɪˌniəl ˈmɛʒərmənts ər ðə ˈbeɪsɪs əv wət ɪz noʊn ɛz craniology*. ðiz ˈkreɪˌniəl ˈmɛʒərmənts wər ˈɔlsoʊ juzd tɪ drɔ ə kəˈnɛkʃən bɪtˈwin ˈwɪmən ənd blæk ˈrisərʧ həz ʃoʊn ðət waɪl ɪn ˈərli laɪf ðɛr ɪz ˈlɪtəl ˈdɪfərəns bɪtˈwin meɪl ənd ˈfiˌmeɪl skəlz, ɪn əˈdəlˌthʊd meɪl skəlz tɛnd tɪ bi ˈlɑrʤər ənd mɔr roʊˈbəst ðən ˈfiˌmeɪl skəlz, wɪʧ ər ˈlaɪtər ənd sˈmɔlər, wɪθ ə ˈkreɪˌniəl kəˈpæsɪti əˈbaʊt 10 pərˈsɛnt lɛs ðən ðət əv ðə ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ˈleɪtər ˈstədiz ʃoʊ ðət ˈwɪmənz skəlz ər sˈlaɪtli ˈθɪkər ənd ðəs mɛn meɪ bi mɔr səˈsɛptəbəl tɪ hɛd ˈɪnʤəri ðən meɪl skəlz kən hæv mɔr ˈprɑmənənt ˈrɪʤɪz, ə mɔr ˈprɑmənənt, ənd mɔr ˈprɑmənənt ˈtɛmpərəl laɪnz. ˈfiˌmeɪl skəlz ˈʤɛnərəli hæv ˈraʊndər ˈɔrbəts, ənd ˈnɛroʊər ʤɔz. meɪl skəlz ɔn ˈævərɪʤ hæv ˈlɑrʤər, ˈbrɔdər ˈpæləts, ˈɔrbəts, ˈlɑrʤər ˈprɑsɛsəz, ˈlɑrʤər ˈsaɪnəsəz, ənd ˈlɑrʤər ɑkˈsɪpətəl ðən ðoʊz əv ˈfiˌmeɪlz. meɪl ˈtɪpɪkəli hæv ənd ˈθɪkər, ˈrəfər ˈməsəl əˈtæʧmənts ðən ˈfiˌmeɪl. ˈɛdət ðə ˈɪndɛks ɪz ðə ˈreɪʃiˌoʊ əv ðə wɪdθ əv ðə hɛd, ˈməltəˌplaɪd baɪ 100 ənd dɪˈvaɪdɪd baɪ ɪts lɛŋθ (frənt tɪ bæk). ðə ˈɪndɛks ɪz ˈɔlsoʊ juzd tɪ ˈkætəgərˌaɪz ˈænəməlz, əˈspɛʃəli dɔgz ənd kæts. ðə wɪdθ ɪz ˈjuʒəwəli ˈmɛʒərd ʤɪst bɪˈloʊ ðə pərˈaɪətəl ˈɛmənəns, ənd ðə lɛŋθ frəm ðə tɪ ðə ɑkˈsɪpətəl pɔɪnt. ˈjumənz meɪ bi: ˈəðər ˈænəməlz ˈɛdət fɪʃ ˈɛdət fɪʃ hɛd pɑrts, 1889 ˈfɔnə əv ˈbrɪtɪʃ ˈɪndiə, sər ˈfrænsɪs deɪ ðə skəl əv ˈfɪʃɪz ɪz fɔrmd frəm ə ˈsɪriz əv ˈoʊnli ˈlusli kəˈnɛktɪd boʊnz. ˈlæmpriz ənd ʃɑrks ˈoʊnli pəˈzɛs ə, wɪθ boʊθ ðə ˈəpər ənd loʊər ʤɔz biɪŋ ˈsɛpərˌeɪt ˈɛləmənts. ˈboʊni ˈfɪʃɪz hæv əˈdɪʃənəl ˈdərməl boʊn, ˈfɔrmɪŋ ə mɔr ər lɛs koʊˈhɪrənt skəl rʊf ɪn ˈləŋˌfɪʃ ənd fɪʃ. ðə loʊər ʤɔ dɪˈfaɪnz ə ʧɪn. ðə ˈsɪmpələr ˈstrəkʧər ɪz faʊnd ɪn fɪʃ, ɪn wɪʧ ðə ˈkreɪˌniəm ɪz ˈnɔrməli ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnɪd baɪ ə ˈbæskət əv ˈɛləmənts ˈoʊnli ˈpɑrʃəli ɛnˈkloʊzɪŋ ðə breɪn, ənd əˈsoʊʃiˌeɪtəd wɪθ ðə ˈkæpsəlz fər ðə ˈɪnər ɪrz ənd ðə ˈsɪŋgəl ˈnɑstrɪl. dɪˈstɪŋktɪvli, ðiz fɪʃ hæv noʊ fɪʃ, səʧ ɛz ʃɑrks ənd reɪz, hæv ˈɔlsoʊ ˈsɪmpəl, ənd prɪˈzuməbli ˈprɪmɪtɪv, skəl ˈstrəkʧərz. ðə ˈkreɪˌniəm ɪz ə ˈsɪŋgəl ˈstrəkʧər ˈfɔrmɪŋ ə keɪs əraʊnd ðə breɪn, ɛnˈkloʊzɪŋ ðə loʊər ˈsərfəs ənd ðə saɪdz, bət ˈɔlˌweɪz æt list ˈpɑrʃəli ˈoʊpən æt ðə tɔp ɛz ə lɑrʤ. ðə moʊst ænˈtɪriər pɑrt əv ðə ˈkreɪˌniəm ˌɪnˈkludz ə ˈfɔrwərd pleɪt əv ˈkɑrtəlɪʤ, ðə ˈrɑstrəm, ənd ˈkæpsəlz tɪ ɪnˈkloʊz ðə oʊlˈfæktəri ˈɔrgənz. bɪˈhaɪnd ðiz ər ðə ˈɔrbəts, ənd ðɛn ən əˈdɪʃənəl pɛr əv ˈkæpsəlz ɛnˈkloʊzɪŋ ðə ˈstrəkʧər əv ðə ˈɪnər ɪr. ˈfaɪnəli, ðə skəl ˈteɪpərz təˈwɔrdz ðə rɪr, wɛr ðə fərˈeɪmən ˈmægnəm laɪz ˌɪˈmiˌdiətli əˈbəv ə ˈsɪŋgəl condyle*, ɑrˈtɪkjəˌleɪtɪŋ wɪθ ðə fərst ˈvərtəbrə. ðɛr ər, ɪn əˈdɪʃən, æt ˈvɛriəs pɔɪnts θruaʊt ðə ˈkreɪˌniəm, sˈmɔlər fər ðə ˈkreɪˌniəl nərvz. ðə ʤɔz kənˈsɪst əv ˈsɛpərˌeɪt hups əv ˈkɑrtəlɪʤ, ˈɔlˌmoʊst ˈɔlˌweɪz dɪˈstɪŋkt frəm ðə ˈkreɪˌniəm ɪn ˈfɪʃɪz, ðɛr həz ˈɔlsoʊ bɪn kənˈsɪdərəbəl ˌmɑdəfəˈkeɪʃən frəm ðə ˈprɪmɪtɪv ˈpætərn. ðə rʊf əv ðə skəl ɪz ˈʤɛnərəli wɛl fɔrmd, ənd ˌɔlˈðoʊ ðə ɪgˈzækt riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪp əv ɪts boʊnz tɪ ðoʊz əv ɪz ənˈklɪr, ðeɪ ər ˈjuʒəwəli ˈgɪvɪn ˈsɪmələr neɪmz fər kənˈvinjəns. ˈəðər ˈɛləmənts əv ðə skəl, ˌhaʊˈɛvər, meɪ bi rɪˈdust; ðɛr ɪz ˈlɪtəl ʧik ˈriʤən bɪˈhaɪnd ðə ˌɛnˈlɑrʤd ˈɔrbəts, ənd ˈlɪtəl, ɪf ˈɛni boʊn ɪn bɪtˈwin ðɛm. ðə ˈəpər ʤɔ ɪz ˈɔfən fɔrmd ˈlɑrʤli frəm ðə premaxilla*, wɪθ ðə mækˈsɪlə ˌɪtˈsɛlf ˈloʊˌkeɪtəd ˈfərðər bæk, ənd ən əˈdɪʃənəl boʊn, ðə symplectic*, ˈlɪŋkɪŋ ðə ʤɔ tɪ ðə rɛst əv ðə ˌɔlˈðoʊ ðə skəlz əv ˈfɑsəl fɪʃ rɪˈzɛmbəl ðoʊz əv ðə ˈərli, ðə seɪm ˈkænɑt bi sɛd əv ðoʊz əv ðə ˈlɪvɪŋ lungfishes*. ðə skəl rʊf ɪz nɑt ˈfʊli fɔrmd, ənd kənˈsɪsts əv ˈməltəpəl, ˈsəmˈwət ˌɪˈrɛgjələrli ʃeɪpt boʊnz wɪθ noʊ dɪˈrɛkt riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪp tɪ ðoʊz əv. ðə ˈəpər ʤɔ ɪz fɔrmd frəm ðə ənd əˈloʊn, ɔl əv wɪʧ bɛr tiθ. məʧ əv ðə skəl ɪz fɔrmd frəm ˈkɑrtəlɪʤ, ənd ɪts ˈoʊvərˌɔl ˈstrəkʧər ɪz ˈɛdət tiktaalik*, ən ɪkˈstɪŋkt ˈʤinəs trænˈzɪʃənəl bɪtˈwin skəl əv, ən ɪkˈstɪŋkt ˈʤinəs trænˈzɪʃənəl bɪtˈwin fɪʃ ənd ˈərli ˈkɑmən sˈnæpɪŋ ˈtərtəl ðə skəlz əv ðə ˈərliəst ˈkloʊsli rɪˈzɛmbəld ðoʊz əv ðɛr ˈænˌsɛstərz əˈməŋst ðə ˈfɪʃɪz. ðə skəl rʊf ɪz fɔrmd əv ə ˈsɪriz əv boʊnz, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ðə mækˈsɪlə, frontals*, parietals*, ənd lacrimals*, əˈməŋ ˈəðərz. ɪt ɪz ðə, ˌkɔrəˈspɑndɪŋ tɪ ðə skəl ɪn ʃɑrks ənd reɪz. ðə ˈvɛriəs ˈsɛpərˌeɪt boʊnz ðət kəmˈpoʊz ðə ˈtɛmpərəl boʊn əv ˈjumənz ər ˈɔlsoʊ pɑrt əv ðə skəl rʊf ˈsɪriz. ə ˈfərðər pleɪt kəmˈpoʊzd əv fɔr pɛrz əv boʊnz fɔrmz ðə rʊf əv ðə maʊθ; ðiz ˌɪnˈklud ðə ənd ˈpæləˌtaɪn boʊnz. ðə beɪs əv ðə ˈkreɪˌniəm ɪz fɔrmd frəm ə rɪŋ əv boʊnz sərˈaʊndɪŋ ðə fərˈeɪmən ˈmægnəm ənd ə ˈmidiən boʊn laɪɪŋ ˈfərðər ˈfɔrwərd; ðiz ər hɑˈmɑləgəs wɪθ ðə ɑkˈsɪpətəl boʊn ənd pɑrts əv ðə ɪn ˈmæməlz. ˈfaɪnəli, ðə loʊər ʤɔ ɪz kəmˈpoʊzd əv ˈməltəpəl boʊnz, ˈoʊnli ðə moʊst ænˈtɪriər əv wɪʧ (ðə dentary*) ɪz hɑˈmɑləgəs wɪθ ðə məˈmeɪljən ɪn ˈlɪvɪŋ, ə greɪt ˈmɛni əv ðə ərˈɪʤənəl boʊnz hæv ˈiðər ˌdɪsəˈpɪrd ər fjuzd ˈɪntu wən əˈnəðər ɪn ˈvɛriəs ərˈeɪnʤmənts. bərdz ˈɛdət ˈkəˌku skəl saɪd vju əv skəl bərdz hæv ə ˌdaɪˈæpsɪd skəl, ɛz ɪn ˈrɛptaɪlz, wɪθ ə (ˈprɛzənt ɪn səm ˈrɛptaɪlz). ðə skəl həz ə ˈsɪŋgəl ɑkˈsɪpətəl ðə skəl kənˈsɪsts əv faɪv ˈmeɪʤər boʊnz: ðə ˈfrəntəl (tɔp əv hɛd), pərˈaɪətəl (bæk əv hɛd), ənd ˈneɪzəl (tɔp bik), ənd ðə ˈmændɪbəl (ˈbɑtəm bik). ðə skəl əv ə ˈnɔrməl bərd ˈjuʒəwəli weɪz əˈbaʊt 1 əv ðə bərdz ˈtoʊtəl bodyweight*. ðə aɪ ˈɑkjəˌpaɪz ə kənˈsɪdərəbəl əˈmaʊnt əv ðə skəl ənd ɪz sərˈaʊndɪd baɪ ə eye-ring*, ə rɪŋ əv ˈtaɪni boʊnz. ðɪs ˌkɛrɪktərˈɪstɪk ɪz ˈɔlsoʊ sin ɪn ˈrɛptaɪlz. æmˈfɪbiənz ˈɛdət æmˈfɪbiənz skəlz, hɑns gadow*, 1909 ənd ˈrɛptaɪlz ˈlɪvɪŋ æmˈfɪbiənz ˈtɪpɪkəli hæv ˈgreɪtli rɪˈdust skəlz, wɪθ ˈmɛni əv ðə boʊnz ˈiðər ˈæbsənt ər ˈhoʊli ər ˈpɑrtli ˌriˈpleɪst baɪ ɪn ˈmæməlz ənd bərdz, ɪn ˌpɑˈtɪkjələr, ˌmɑdəfəˈkeɪʃənz əv ðə skəl əˈkərd tɪ əˈlaʊ fər ðə ɪkˈspænʧən əv ðə breɪn. ðə fˈjuʒən bɪtˈwin ðə ˈvɛriəs boʊnz ɪz əˈspɛʃəli ˈnoʊtəbəl ɪn bərdz, ɪn wɪʧ ðə ˌɪndəˈvɪʤəwəl ˈstrəkʧərz meɪ bi ˈdɪfəkəlt tɪ aɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪ. ˈstrəkʧər ˈɛdət ˈɛdət skəl skim ðə ɪn ðə skəl əv ðə ˈdaɪnəˌsɔr ðə (frəm ˈlætən, ˈminɪŋ ˈwɪndoʊz) ər ˈoʊpənɪŋz ɪn ðə skəl., ən ˈoʊpənɪŋ bɪtˈwin tu pɑrts əv ðə boʊn ɪn səm ˈroʊdənts ˈtɛmpərəl ðə ˈtɛmpərəl ər ˌænəˈtɑmɪkəl ˈfiʧərz əv ðə skəlz əv ˈsɛvərəl taɪps əv, baɪ baɪˈlætərəli səˈmɛtrɪkəl hoʊlz (fenestrae*) ɪn ðə ˈtɛmpərəl boʊn. dɪˈpɛndɪŋ ɔn ðə ˈlɪniəʤ əv ə ˈgɪvɪn ˈænəməl, tu, wən, ər noʊ pɛrz əv ˈtɛmpərəl meɪ bi ˈprɛzənt, əˈbəv ər bɪˈloʊ ðə ənd boʊnz. ðə ˈəpər ˈtɛmpərəl ər ˈɔlsoʊ noʊn ɛz ðə, ənd ðə loʊər ˈtɛmpərəl ər ˈɔlsoʊ noʊn ɛz ðə. ðə ˈprɛzəns ənd mɔrˈfɑləʤi əv ðə ˈtɛmpərəl ər ˈkrɪtɪkəl fər ˌklæsəfəˈkeɪʃən əv ðə, əv wɪʧ ˈmæməlz ər pɑrt. ˌfɪziəˈlɑʤɪkəl ˌspɛkjəˈleɪʃən əˈsoʊʃiˌeɪts ɪt wɪθ ə raɪz ɪn ˌmɛtəˈbɑlɪk reɪts ənd ən ˌɪnˈkris ɪn ʤɔ ˈməskjələʧər. ðə ˈərliər əv ðə ˌkɑrbəˈnɪfərəs dɪd nɑt hæv ˈtɛmpərəl bət tu mɔr ədˈvænst laɪnz dɪd: ðə ˈrɛptaɪlz) ənd ðə (moʊst ˈrɛptaɪlz ənd ˈleɪtər bərdz). ɛz taɪm prəˈgrɛst,' ənd' ˈtɛmpərəl bɪˈkeɪm mɔr ˈmɑdəˌfaɪd ənd ˈlɑrʤər tɪ meɪk ˈstrɔŋgər baɪts ənd mɔr ʤɔ ˈməsəlz. ˈdaɪnəˌsɔrz, wɪʧ ər, hæv lɑrʤ ədˈvænst ˈoʊpənɪŋz, ənd ðɛr dɪˈsɛnɪnts, ðə bərdz, hæv ˈtɛmpərəl wɪʧ hæv bɪn ˈmɑdəˌfaɪd. ˈmæməlz, wɪʧ ər, pəˈzɛs wən ˈoʊpənɪŋ ɪn ðə skəl, ˈsɪʧuˌeɪtɪd tɪ ðə rɪr əv ðə ˈɔrbət. ˌklæsəfəˈkeɪʃən ˈɛdət ʧɪmˈpænzi skəl goʊt skəl. ðɛr ər fɔr taɪps əv skəl, ˈklæsəˌfaɪd baɪ ðə ˈnəmbər ənd loʊˈkeɪʃən əv ðɛr ˈtɛmpərəl. ðiz ər: noʊ ˈoʊpənɪŋz wən loʊ ˈoʊpənɪŋ (bɪˈniθ ðə ənd boʊnz) wən haɪ ˈoʊpənɪŋ (əˈbəv ðə ənd boʊnz); ˈæˌkʧuəli ɪˈvɑlvd frəm ə ˌdaɪˈæpsɪd kənˌfɪgjərˈeɪʃən, ˈluzɪŋ ðɛr loʊər ˈtɛmpərəl. tu ˈoʊpənɪŋz evolutionarily*, ðeɪ ər rɪˈleɪtɪd ɛz ˈfɑloʊz: klæs ˈɔrdər klæs ˈmæməlz (unranked*) ˈrɛptaɪlz (unranked*) (unranked*) klæs bərdz boʊnz ˈɛdət ðə ɪz ə skəl boʊn faʊnd ɪn moʊst ˈrɛptaɪlz, æmˈfɪbiənz, ənd bərdz. ɪn ˈmæməlz, ðə ɪz ˈɔfən kɔld ðə boʊn ər boʊn. ðə priˈfrəntəl boʊn ɪz ə boʊn ˈsɛpərˌeɪtɪŋ ðə ənd ˈfrəntəl boʊnz ɪn ˈmɛni skəlz. ˌtərmɪˈnɑləʤi ˈɛdət chondrocranium*, ə ˈprɪmɪtɪv ˈskɛlətəl ˈstrəkʧər, ə ˈmɛmˌbreɪn ðət laɪnz ðə ˈaʊtər ˈsərfəs əv ðə ˈkreɪˌniəm əˈdɪʃənəl ˈɪmɪʤɪz ˈɛdət ˈmæməlz bərdz ə ˈvəlʧər skəl ˈfrəntəl vju əv skəl ˈkreɪˌniəm ənd ʤɔ əv ˈkreɪˌniəm əv ə greɪt ˈkɔrmərənt. ˈrɛptaɪlz si ˈɔlsoʊ ˈɛdət ðɪs ˈɑrtɪkəl ˈjuzɪz ˌænəˈtɑmɪkəl ˌtərmɪˈnɑləʤi; fər ən ˈoʊvərvˌju, si ˌænəˈtɑmɪkəl ˌtərmɪˈnɑləʤi ˈrɛfərənsɪz ˈɛdət ðɪs ˈɑrtɪkəl ˌɪnˈkɔrpərˌeɪts tɛkst ɪn ðə ˈpəblɪk doʊˈmeɪn frəm peɪʤ 128 əv ðə ɪˈdɪʃən əv greɪz əˈnætəmi 1918
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this article is about the skulls of all animals including humans. for other uses, see skull (disambiguation)
"cranium" redirects here. for other uses, see cranium (disambiguation)
the skull is a bony structure that forms the head in vertebrates. it supports the structures of the face and provides a protective cavity for the brain.[1] the skull is composed of two parts: the cranium and the mandible. in the human, these two parts are the neurocranium and the viscerocranium or facial skeleton that includes the mandible as its largest bone. the skull forms the anterior most portion of the skeleton and is a product of cephalisation—housing the brain, and several sensory structures such as the eyes, ears, nose, and mouth.[2] in humans these sensory structures are part of the facial skeleton.
functions of the skull include protection of the brain, fixing the distance between the eyes to allow stereoscopic vision, and fixing the position of the ears to enable sound localisation of the direction and distance of sounds. in some animals such as horned ungulates, the skull also has a defensive function by providing the mount (on the frontal bone) for the horns.
the english word "skull" is probably derived from old norse "skulle", while the latin word cranium comes from the greek root κρανίον (kranion).
the skull is made up of a number of fused flat bones, and contains many foramina, fossae, processes, and several cavities or sinuses. in zoology there are openings in the skull called fenestrae.
structure [ edit ]
for details and the constituent bones, see neurocranium and facial skeleton
skull in situ
anatomy of a flat bone - the periosteum of the neurocranium is known as the pericranium
human skull from the front
side bones of skull
the human skull is the bony structure that forms the head in the human skeleton. it supports the structures of the face and forms a cavity for the brain. like the skulls of other vertebrates, it protects the brain from injury.
the skull consists of two parts, of different embryological origin—the neurocranium and the facial skeleton (also called the membraneous viscerocranium). the neurocranium (or braincase) forms the protective cranial cavity that surrounds and houses the brain and brainstem. the upper areas of the cranial bones form the calvaria (skullcap). the membranous viscerocranium includes the mandible.
the facial skeleton is formed by the bones supporting the face
bones [ edit ]
except for the mandible, all of the bones of the skull are joined together by sutures—synarthrodial (immovable) joints formed by bony ossification, with sharpey's fibres permitting some flexibility. sometimes there can be extra bone pieces within the suture known as wormian bones or sutural bones. most commonly these are found in the course of the lambdoid suture.
the human skull is generally considered to consist of twenty-two bones—eight cranial bones and fourteen facial skeleton bones. in the neurocranium these are the occipital bone, two temporal bones, two parietal bones, the sphenoid, ethmoid and frontal bones.
the bones of the facial skeleton (14) are the vomer, two inferior nasal conchae, two nasal bones, two maxilla, the mandible, two palatine bones, two zygomatic bones, and two lacrimal bones. some sources count a paired bone as one, or the maxilla as having two bones (as its parts); some sources include the hyoid bone or the three ossicles of the middle ear but the overall general consensus of the number of bones in the human skull is the stated twenty-two.
some of these bones—the occipital, parietal, frontal, in the neurocranium, and the nasal, lacrimal, and vomer, in the facial skeleton are flat bones.
cavities and foramina [ edit ]
ct scan of a human skull in 3d
the skull also contains sinuses, air-filled cavities known as paranasal sinuses, and numerous foramina. the sinuses are lined with respiratory epithelium. their known functions are the lessening of the weight of the skull, the aiding of resonance to the voice and the warming and moistening of the air drawn into the nasal cavity.
the foramina are openings in the skull. the largest of these is the foramen magnum that allows the passage of the spinal cord as well as nerves and blood vessels.
processes [ edit ]
the many processes of the skull include the mastoid process and the zygomatic processes.
development [ edit ]
skull of a new-born child from the side
the skull is a complex structure; its bones are formed both by intramembranous and endochondral ossification. the skull roof bones, comprising the bones of the facial skeleton and the sides and roof of the neurocranium, are dermal bones formed by intramembranous ossification, though the temporal bones are formed by endochondral ossification. the endocranium, the bones supporting the brain (the occipital, sphenoid, and ethmoid) are largely formed by endochondral ossification. thus frontal and parietal bones are purely membranous.[3] the geometry of the skull base and its fossae, the anterior, middle and posterior cranial fossae changes rapidly. the anterior cranial fossa changes especially during the first trimester of pregnancy and skull defects can often develop during this time.[4]
at birth, the human skull is made up of 44 separate bony elements. during development, many of these bony elements gradually fuse together into solid bone (for example, the frontal bone). the bones of the roof of the skull are initially separated by regions of dense connective tissue called fontanelles. there are six fontanelles: one anterior (or frontal), one posterior (or occipital), two sphenoid (or anterolateral), and two mastoid (or posterolateral). at birth these regions are fibrous and moveable, necessary for birth and later growth. this growth can put a large amount of tension on the "obstetrical hinge", which is where the squamous and lateral parts of the occipital bone meet. a possible complication of this tension is rupture of the great cerebral vein. as growth and ossification progress, the connective tissue of the fontanelles is invaded and replaced by bone creating sutures. the five sutures are the two squamous sutures, one coronal, one lambdoid, and one sagittal suture. the posterior fontanelle usually closes by eight weeks, but the anterior fontanel can remain open up to eighteen months. the anterior fontanelle is located at the junction of the frontal and parietal bones; it is a "soft spot" on a baby's forehead. careful observation will show that you can count a baby's heart rate by observing the pulse pulsing softly through the anterior fontanelle.
the skull in the neonate is large in proportion to other parts of the body. the facial skeleton is one seventh of the size of the calvaria. (in the adult it is half the size). the base of the skull is short and narrow, though the inner ear is almost adult size.[5]
clinical significance [ edit ]
craniosynostosis is a condition in which one or more of the fibrous sutures in an infant skull prematurely fuses,[6] and changes the growth pattern of the skull.[7] because the skull cannot expand perpendicular to the fused suture, it grows more in the parallel direction.[7] sometimes the resulting growth pattern provides the necessary space for the growing brain, but results in an abnormal head shape and abnormal facial features.[7] in cases in which the compensation does not effectively provide enough space for the growing brain, craniosynostosis results in increased intracranial pressure leading possibly to visual impairment, sleeping impairment, eating difficulties, or an impairment of mental development.[8]
a copper beaten skull is a phenomenon wherein intense intracranial pressure disfigures the internal surface of the skull.[9] the name comes from the fact that the inner skull has the appearance of having been beaten with a ball-peen hammer, such as is often used by coppersmiths. the condition is most common in children.
injuries and treatment [ edit ]
injuries to the brain can be life-threatening. normally the skull protects the brain from damage through its hard unyieldingness; the skull is one of the least deformable structures found in nature with it needing the force of about 1 ton to reduce the diameter of the skull by 1 cm.[10] in some cases, however, of head injury, there can be raised intracranial pressure through mechanisms such as a subdural haematoma. in these cases the raised intracranial pressure can cause herniation of the brain out of the foramen magnum ("coning") because there is no space for the brain to expand; this can result in significant brain damage or death unless an urgent operation is performed to relieve the pressure. this is why patients with concussion must be watched extremely carefully.
dating back to neolithic times, a skull operation called trepanning was sometimes performed. this involved drilling a burr hole in the cranium. examination of skulls from this period reveals that the patients sometimes survived for many years afterward. it seems likely that trepanning was also performed purely for ritualistic or religious reasons. nowadays this procedure is still used but is normally called a craniectomy.
in march 2013, for the first time in the u.s., researchers replaced a large percentage of a patient's skull with a precision, 3d-printed polymer implant.[11] about 9 months later, the first complete cranium replacement with a 3d-printed plastic insert was performed on a dutch woman. she had been suffering from hyperostosis, which increased the thickness of her skull and compressed her brain.[12]
a study conducted in 2018 by the researchers of harvard medical school in boston, funded by national institutes of health (nih) suggested that instead of travelling via blood, there are "tiny channels" in the skull through which the immune cells combined with the bone marrow reach the areas of inflammation after an injury to the brain tissues.[13]
transgender procedures [ edit ]
surgical alteration of sexually dimorphic skull features may be carried out as a part of facial feminization surgery, a set of reconstructive surgical procedures that can alter male facial features to bring them closer in shape and size to typical female facial features.[14][15] these procedures can be an important part of the treatment of transgender people for gender dysphoria.[16][17]
society and culture [ edit ]
a skull is the symbol of penance, silk embroidery (17th century)
artificial cranial deformation is a largely historical practice of some cultures. cords and wooden boards would be used to apply pressure to an infant's skull and alter its shape, sometimes quite significantly. this procedure would begin just after birth and would be carried on for several years.[citation needed]
osteology [ edit ]
like the face, the skull and teeth can also indicate a person's life history and origin. forensic scientists and archaeologists use metric and nonmetric traits to estimate what the bearer of the skull looked like. when a significant amount of bones are found, such as at spitalfields in the uk and jōmon shell mounds in japan, osteologists can use traits, such as the proportions of length, height and width, to know the relationships of the population of the study with other living or extinct populations.[citation needed]
the german physician franz joseph gall in around 1800 formulated the theory of phrenology, which attempted to show that specific features of the skull are associated with certain personality traits or intellectual capabilities of its owner. his theory is now considered to be pseudoscientific.[citation needed]
sexual dimorphism [ edit ]
in the mid-nineteenth century, anthropologists found it crucial to distinguish between male and female skulls. an anthropologist of the time, james mcgrigor allan, argued that the female brain was similar to that of an animal.[18] this allowed anthropologists to declare that women were in fact more emotional and less rational than men. mcgrigor then concluded that women's brains were more analogous to infants, thus deeming them inferior at the time.[18] to further these claims of female inferiority and silence the feminists of the time, other anthropologists joined in on the studies of the female skull. these cranial measurements are the basis of what is known as craniology. these cranial measurements were also used to draw a connection between women and black people.[18]
research has shown that while in early life there is little difference between male and female skulls, in adulthood male skulls tend to be larger and more robust than female skulls, which are lighter and smaller, with a cranial capacity about 10 percent less than that of the male.[19] however, later studies show that women's skulls are slightly thicker and thus men may be more susceptible to head injury than women.[20][21]
male skulls can have more prominent supraorbital ridges, a more prominent glabella, and more prominent temporal lines. female skulls generally have rounder orbits, and narrower jaws. male skulls on average have larger, broader palates, squarer orbits, larger mastoid processes, larger sinuses, and larger occipital condyles than those of females. male mandibles typically have squarer chins and thicker, rougher muscle attachments than female mandibles.
craniometry [ edit ]
the cephalic index is the ratio of the width of the head, multiplied by 100 and divided by its length (front to back). the index is also used to categorize animals, especially dogs and cats. the width is usually measured just below the parietal eminence, and the length from the glabella to the occipital point.
humans may be:
dolichocephalic — long-headed
— long-headed mesaticephalic — medium-headed
— medium-headed brachycephalic — short-headed[5]
other animals [ edit ]
fish [ edit ]
fish head parts, 1889, fauna of british india, sir francis day
the skull of fishes is formed from a series of only loosely connected bones. lampreys and sharks only possess a cartilaginous endocranium, with both the upper and lower jaws being separate elements. bony fishes have additional dermal bone, forming a more or less coherent skull roof in lungfish and holost fish. the lower jaw defines a chin.
the simpler structure is found in jawless fish, in which the cranium is normally represented by a trough-like basket of cartilaginous elements only partially enclosing the brain, and associated with the capsules for the inner ears and the single nostril. distinctively, these fish have no jaws.[22]
cartilaginous fish, such as sharks and rays, have also simple, and presumably primitive, skull structures. the cranium is a single structure forming a case around the brain, enclosing the lower surface and the sides, but always at least partially open at the top as a large fontanelle. the most anterior part of the cranium includes a forward plate of cartilage, the rostrum, and capsules to enclose the olfactory organs. behind these are the orbits, and then an additional pair of capsules enclosing the structure of the inner ear. finally, the skull tapers towards the rear, where the foramen magnum lies immediately above a single condyle, articulating with the first vertebra. there are, in addition, at various points throughout the cranium, smaller foramina for the cranial nerves. the jaws consist of separate hoops of cartilage, almost always distinct from the cranium proper.[22]
in ray-finned fishes, there has also been considerable modification from the primitive pattern. the roof of the skull is generally well formed, and although the exact relationship of its bones to those of tetrapods is unclear, they are usually given similar names for convenience. other elements of the skull, however, may be reduced; there is little cheek region behind the enlarged orbits, and little, if any bone in between them. the upper jaw is often formed largely from the premaxilla, with the maxilla itself located further back, and an additional bone, the symplectic, linking the jaw to the rest of the cranium.[23]
although the skulls of fossil lobe-finned fish resemble those of the early tetrapods, the same cannot be said of those of the living lungfishes. the skull roof is not fully formed, and consists of multiple, somewhat irregularly shaped bones with no direct relationship to those of tetrapods. the upper jaw is formed from the pterygoids and vomers alone, all of which bear teeth. much of the skull is formed from cartilage, and its overall structure is reduced.[23]
tetrapods [ edit ]
tiktaalik, an extinct genus transitional between skull of, an extinct genus transitional between lobe-finned fish and early tetrapods
common snapping turtle
the skulls of the earliest tetrapods closely resembled those of their ancestors amongst the lobe-finned fishes. the skull roof is formed of a series of plate-like bones, including the maxilla, frontals, parietals, and lacrimals, among others. it is overlaying the endocranium, corresponding to the cartilaginous skull in sharks and rays. the various separate bones that compose the temporal bone of humans are also part of the skull roof series. a further plate composed of four pairs of bones forms the roof of the mouth; these include the vomer and palatine bones. the base of the cranium is formed from a ring of bones surrounding the foramen magnum and a median bone lying further forward; these are homologous with the occipital bone and parts of the sphenoid in mammals. finally, the lower jaw is composed of multiple bones, only the most anterior of which (the dentary) is homologous with the mammalian mandible.[23]
in living tetrapods, a great many of the original bones have either disappeared or fused into one another in various arrangements.
birds [ edit ]
cuckoo skull
side view of anatidae skull
birds have a diapsid skull, as in reptiles, with a prelacrymal fossa (present in some reptiles). the skull has a single occipital condyle.[24] the skull consists of five major bones: the frontal (top of head), parietal (back of head), premaxillary and nasal (top beak), and the mandible (bottom beak). the skull of a normal bird usually weighs about 1% of the bird's total bodyweight. the eye occupies a considerable amount of the skull and is surrounded by a sclerotic eye-ring, a ring of tiny bones. this characteristic is also seen in reptiles.
amphibians [ edit ]
amphibians skulls, hans gadow, 1909 amphibia and reptiles
living amphibians typically have greatly reduced skulls, with many of the bones either absent or wholly or partly replaced by cartilage.[23] in mammals and birds, in particular, modifications of the skull occurred to allow for the expansion of the brain. the fusion between the various bones is especially notable in birds, in which the individual structures may be difficult to identify.
structure [ edit ]
fenestrae [ edit ]
spinosaurus skull scheme ofskull
massospondylus the fenestrae in the skull of the dinosaur
the fenestrae (from latin, meaning windows) are openings in the skull. antorbital fenestra
mandibular fenestra
quadratojugal fenestra
subsquamosal fenestra, an opening between two parts of the squamosal bone in some rodents
temporal fenestra
the temporal fenestrae are anatomical features of the skulls of several types of amniotes, characterised by bilaterally symmetrical holes (fenestrae) in the temporal bone. depending on the lineage of a given animal, two, one, or no pairs of temporal fenestrae may be present, above or below the postorbital and squamosal bones. the upper temporal fenestrae are also known as the supratemporal fenestrae, and the lower temporal fenestrae are also known as the infratemporal fenestrae. the presence and morphology of the temporal fenestra are critical for taxonomic classification of the synapsids, of which mammals are part.
physiological speculation associates it with a rise in metabolic rates and an increase in jaw musculature. the earlier amniotes of the carboniferous did not have temporal fenestrae but two more advanced lines did: the synapsids (mammal-like reptiles) and the diapsids (most reptiles and later birds). as time progressed, diapsids' and synapsids' temporal fenestrae became more modified and larger to make stronger bites and more jaw muscles. dinosaurs, which are diapsids, have large advanced openings, and their descendants, the birds, have temporal fenestrae which have been modified. mammals, which are synapsids, possess one fenestral opening in the skull, situated to the rear of the orbit.
classification [ edit ]
chimpanzee skull
goat skull.
there are four types of amniote skull, classified by the number and location of their temporal fenestrae. these are:
anapsida – no openings
synapsida – one low opening (beneath the postorbital and squamosal bones)
euryapsida – one high opening (above the postorbital and squamosal bones); euryapsids actually evolved from a diapsid configuration, losing their lower temporal fenestra.
diapsida – two openings
evolutionarily, they are related as follows:
amniota class synapsida order therapsida class mammalia – mammals (unranked) sauropsida – reptiles subclass anapsida (unranked) eureptilia subclass diapsida (unranked) euryapsida class aves – birds
bones [ edit ]
the jugal is a skull bone found in most reptiles, amphibians, and birds. in mammals, the jugal is often called the zygomatic bone or malar bone.
the prefrontal bone is a bone separating the lacrimal and frontal bones in many tetrapod skulls.
terminology [ edit ]
chondrocranium, a primitive cartilagionous skeletal structure
endocranium
epicranium
pericranium, a membrane that lines the outer surface of the cranium
additional images [ edit ]
mammals
birds
a vulture skull
frontal view of anatidae skull
cranium and jaw of anatidae
cranium of a great cormorant.
reptiles
see also [ edit ]
this article uses anatomical terminology; for an overview, see anatomical terminology
references [ edit ]
this article incorporates text in the public domain from page 128 of the 20th edition of gray's anatomy (1918)
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ɪn wət wɑz ˈʃʊrli ən ˈizi kɔl fər ˈvoʊtərz, ˈfɔrwərd ˈdeɪvɪd ɛˈstrɑdə wɑz neɪmd pleɪər əv ðə wik ˈæftər ə səˈblaɪm pərˈfɔrməns ɪn ˈsætərdiz lig ˈoʊpənər. ðə hæd ɔl θri siˈætəl goʊlz ɪn ə wɪn əˈgɛnst tərˈɑntoʊ. hi bɪˈkəmz ðə ˈsaʊndər tɪ ərn ðə ˈɑnər (fərst ðɪs ˈsizən, ˈɑbviəsli). ɪn ðə ɛnd, ðə voʊt wɑz ˈnɪrli juˈnænəməs. hæt trɪk wɑz ðə θərd ɪn kləb ˈhɪstəri, ˈmæʧɪŋ lɑˈmɑr ˈnigəl (ˈɔgəst 27 2011 ˈvərsəz. kəˈləmbəs) ənd ˈfɔrwərd bleɪz (sɛpt. 18 2010 æt kəˈləmbəs). hi ˈɔlsoʊ bɪˈkeɪm ʤɪst ðə θərd pleɪər tɪ skɔr θri goʊlz ɪn hɪz timz fərst geɪm, ˈʤɔɪnɪŋ braɪən ʧɪŋ (ˈeɪprəl 2 2006 ənd ˈʤeɪsən kriz (mɑrʧ 20 1999 ɛˈstrɑdə həz skɔrd fɔr əv ðə' sɪks goʊlz ɪn ɔl ˌkɑmpəˈtɪʃənz ðɪs ˈsizən. bræd ˈɛvənz ənd əlˈvɑroʊ fɛrˈnɑndɛz hæv ðə ˈəðərz, boʊθ ɪn ˈʧæmpiənz lig ˈækʃən.
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in what was surely an easy call for voters, sounders forward david estrada was named mls player of the week after a sublime performance in saturday's league opener.
the 24-year-old had all three seattle goals in a 3-1 win against toronto. he becomes the 14th sounder to earn the honor (first this season, obviously).
in the end, the vote was nearly unanimous.
estrada's hat trick was the third in club history, matching midfielder lamar neagle (august 27, 2011 vs. columbus) and forward blaise nkufo (sept. 18, 2010 at columbus). he also became just the third mls player to score three goals in his team's first regular-season game, joining brian ching (april 2, 2006) and jason kreis (march 20, 1999).
estrada has scored four of the sounders' six goals in all competitions this season. brad evans and alvaro fernandez have the others, both in concacaf champions league action.
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ˈfɑloʊɪŋ ðə ˌrɛzɪgˈneɪʃən əv ˈtoʊni ˈkəzənz ðə ˈpriviəs ˈsæˌtɪˌdeɪ, taʊn hæv muvd kˈwɪkli tɪ əˈpɔɪnt ə nu ˈmænɪʤər ənd bæk æt ðə hɛlm fər ə ˈsɛkənd stɪnt ɪn ʧɑrʤ əv ðə kləb ɪz ˈælən ˈmæθjuz hu ˈgaɪdɪd ðə ənd black’*’ tɪ kəp ˈglɔri ɪn 2003 ənd 2004 ˈmæθjuz, 51 həz ɪkˈstɛnsɪv ɪkˈspɪriəns ɪn lig ˈmænɪʤmənt. ɪn əˈdɪʃən tɪ hɪz ˈpriviəs reɪn æt, hi həz bɪn ɪn ʧɑrʤ æt kɔrk ˈsɪti, shelbourne*, breɪ ˈwɑndərərz ənd æθˈloʊn taʊn. kɔrk ˈsɪti wən ðə kəp ˈdʊrɪŋ ˈsɪŋgəl ˈsizən ɪn ʧɑrʤ 2008 ˈælən rɪˈzaɪnd frəm hɪz moʊst ˈrisənt ʤɑb æt æθˈloʊn taʊn ɪn ʤun ɛz pɑrt əv ðə frəm ðə midlanders’*’ ˈfeɪljər tɪ ə fərst dɪˈvɪʒən lig ˈfɪksʧər ɪn ˈwɔtərfərd. ðə ˈfɑloʊɪŋ ɪz ə ˈsteɪtmənt frəm taʊn: taʊn ˈfʊtˌbɔl kləb ər dɪˈlaɪtɪd tɪ əˈnaʊns ðə əˈpɔɪntmənt əv ˈælən ˈmæθjuz ɛz ˈmænɪʤər ˈæftər ə ˈdɪfəkəlt səˈlɛkʃən ˈprɔˌsɛs du tɪ ðə haɪ əv ɔl ðə ˈkænədɪts. wɪl bi hɪz ˈsɛkənd stɪnt æt ðə kləb ˈæftər hɪz səkˈsɛsɪz bɪtˈwin 2002 ənd 2007 wɪʧ sɔ taʊn riʧ θri kəp ˈfaɪnəlz ənd tu lig kəp ˈfaɪnəlz, ˈwɪnɪŋ ðə kəp ɪn 2003 ənd 2004 əˈlɔŋ wɪθ ðə lig kəp traɪəmf ɪn 2004 hɪz əˈpɔɪntmənt ˈælən sɛd: æm dɪˈlaɪtɪd tɪ bi bæk æt ðə kləb ənd æm ˈvɛri ˈgreɪtfəl tɪ ðə ˈʧɛrmən ʤɪm ˈhænli ənd ðə kəˈmɪti fər ðə ˌɑpərˈtunəti. aɪ lʊk ˈfɔrwərd tɪ ˈwərkɪŋ wɪθ ðə pleɪərz ənd stæf. ðɛr ɪz stɪl ə lɔt əv ˈfʊtˌbɔl tɪ bi pleɪd bɪtˈwin naʊ ənd ðə ɛnd əv ðə ˈsizən ənd aɪ kən əˈʃʊr ðə fænz ðət wi wɪl du ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ ˈpɑsəbəl tɪ rɪˈteɪn ɑr prɛˈmɪr dɪˈvɪʒən ˈstætəs ɪn ðə league’*’. ˈkroʊnɪn, ðə ˈkɛrˌteɪkər ˈmænɪʤər, wɪl rɪˈmeɪn ɪn ʧɑrʤ fər ðə ˈaɪrɪʃ ˈdeɪli meɪl kəp mæʧ əˈgɛnst kɔrk ˈsɪti æt æt ˈsɪti ˈkɔlɪŋ ˈsteɪdiəm ɔn ˈsæˌtɪˌdeɪ night.”*.”
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following the resignation of tony cousins the previous saturday, longford town fc have moved quickly to appoint a new manager and back at the helm for a second stint in charge of the club is dubliner alan mathews who guided the ‘red and black’ to fai cup glory in 2003 and 2004.
mathews, 51, has extensive experience in sse airtricity league management. in addition to his previous reign at longford, he has been in charge at cork city, shelbourne, bray wanderers and athlone town.
cork city won the setanta cup during alan’s single season in charge (2008). alan resigned from his most recent job at athlone town in june as part of the fall-out from the midlanders’ failure to fulfil a first division league fixture in waterford.
the following is a statement from longford town fc:
“longford town football club are delighted to announce the appointment of alan mathews as manager after a difficult selection process due to the high calibre of all the candidates.
“this will be his second stint at the club after his successes between 2002 and 2007 which saw longford town reach three fai cup finals and two league cup finals, winning the fai cup in 2003 and 2004 along with the league cup triumph in 2004.
“on his appointment alan said: ‘i am delighted to be back at the club and am very grateful to the chairman jim hanley and the committee for the opportunity. i look forward to working with the players and staff. there is still a lot of football to be played between now and the end of the season and i can assure the fans that we will do everything possible to retain our premier division status in the sse airtricity league’.
“gary cronin, the caretaker manager, will remain in charge for the fai irish daily mail cup match against cork city at 7.30pm at city calling stadium on saturday night.”
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ˈfɪnɪʃ praɪm ˈmɪnɪstər sipilä*ä meɪd ˈhɛˌdlaɪnz ɪn sɛpˈtɛmbər læst jɪr fər ˈprɑməsɪŋ tɪ haʊs ə ““refugee”*” ˈfæməli ɪn hɪz ˈsɛkənd hoʊm. ðoʊ ˈhɑrdli ðə sɔrt əv ˌʤɛnərˈɑsəti ɪt wɑz meɪd aʊt tɪ bi (sipilä*ä ɪz ə ˌmɪljəˈnɛr, ˌbiˈsaɪdz ˈoʊnɪŋ æt list tu hoʊmz ənd rɪˈzaɪdɪŋ ɪn ə wən), ðə kəˈmɪtmənt wɑz mɛnt tɪ ʃoʊ hi wʊd hɛlp ˈʃoʊldər ðə ˌɪmˈpækt əv ðə ˈmaɪgrənt ˈkraɪsəs ɪn ə məʧ mɔr dɪˈrɛkt weɪ ðən moʊst ˈwɛstərn ˌpɑləˈtɪʃənz. ˌfæstˈfɔrwərd mɪr mənθs ənd ðə ˈnæʃənəl ˈlidər həz rɪˈnɪgd ɔn hɪz ˈprɑməs, ˈsaɪtɪŋ sɪˈkjʊrəti kənˈsərnz ənd publicity.”*.” wət wi noʊ bɪɔnd ə ˈʃæˌdoʊ əv ə daʊt ɪz ðət sipilä*ä meɪd hɪz feɪk ˈprɑməs tɪ sɛl hɪz ˈnɑkʃəs ˈbɔrdər ˈpɑləsi. kəmˈpɛrd tɪ moʊst ˌjʊrəˈpiən steɪts, ˈfɪnˌlænd ɪz fɑr riˈmuvd frəm ðə ˈmaɪgrənt ˈkraɪsəs. θɪŋz kʊd bi ə hoʊl lɔt wərs. ˈθæŋkfəli fər ðə fɪnz, ˈmaɪgrənts goʊɪŋ ðɛr hæv tɪ kəm ˈviə ˈpleɪsɪz laɪk ˈdɛnˌmɑrk ənd sˈwidən, ɛz ðə ˈbɔltɪk steɪts ənd ˈrəʃə hæv ˈsəmθɪŋ əv ə ˈziroʊ ˈtɑlərəns əˈproʊʧ tɪ priˈtɛnd ˈrɛfˌjuʤiz ˈwɑndərɪŋ θru ðɛr lændz. tu ˈmɛni əv ðɛm hæv ɔˈrɛdi əraɪvd ɪn ˈfɪnɪʃ ˈsɪtiz laɪk ˈhɛlsɪŋki, jɛt ðə ˈnəmbərz ər ˈnəθɪŋ laɪk germany’s*. ˈfɪnˌlænd, ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ɪz ɔˈrɛdi ɪn ðə mɪst əv ə ˈsɪriəs ˌriˈsɛʃən. ˈivɪn ɪf ðə frɔd sipilä*ä hæd kɛpt hɪz wərd, ðə ˈifɛkts ɔn ɪm ənd hɪz ˈfæməli wʊd hæv bɪn fɑr lɛs ðən ən ˈævərɪʤ ˈfɪnɪʃ ˈhaʊsˌhoʊld nɑt ˈivɪn ˈteɪkɪŋ ɪn əˈsaɪləm ˈsikərz. θru hɪz wɛlθ ənd ˈstætəs ɛz ə ˌpɑləˈtɪʃən, ðə praɪm ˈmɪnɪstər ɪz ənˈtəʧəbəl ɪn ˈrɛlətɪv tərmz. hi ɪz sərˈaʊndɪd baɪ ˈbɑdiˌgɑrdz ənd noʊ ˈmaɪgrənt ɪn ðɛr raɪt maɪnd wʊd əˈtæk, rɑb ər ˈəðərˌwaɪz əˈkɔst ɪm. ənd ɪf sipilä*ä ˈnidɪd mənθs tɪ dɪˈtərmən ˈwɛðər sɪˈkjʊrəti kənˈsərnz wʊd bi ən ˈɪʃu, dɪˈskɑrdɪŋ fər ə ˈmoʊmənt ðət wi noʊ hi ɪz ə laɪər, ðə mæn ɪz ˈklɪrli ˌɪnˈkɑmpətənt ənd nɑt fɪt fər ˈɔfəs. æt list 20 əv ˌskændɪˈneɪviənz ər ˈlɪvɪd ˈoʊvər ðə feɪk ˈrɛfjuʤi forgivably*, wi əˈsoʊʃiˌeɪt ˌskændɪˈneɪviə (ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ˈfɪnˌlænd ɪn ðɪs keɪs) wɪθ ˈlɪtərəli ðə wərst strændz əv ˈfɛmɪˌnɪzəm ənd ˈəðər ˈvaɪrəsɪz. stɪl, ðɪs əbˈskjʊrz ðə voʊˈsɪfərəs ˈæŋgər ˈbɔɪlɪŋ əp wɪˈθɪn ˈloʊkəl ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃənz. ɪn sˈwidən, fər ɪgˈzæmpəl, ðə sˈwidɪʃ ˈdɛməˌkræts kənˈtɪnju tɪ ˈkæpʧər ˌɪmˈprɛsɪv ˈpɔrʃənz əv ðə ˈnæʃənəl voʊt, əˈspɛʃəli soʊ ɪn ə ˈneɪʃən wɛr ˈtɛnjəwəs ˌkoʊəˈlɪʃən ˈgəvərnmənts ər ðə nɔrm. ðeɪ hæv ˈɔlsoʊ hæd ðə ˈifɛkt əv ˈpʊʃɪŋ ˈnɑmənəli ˈpɑrtiz tɪ kəmˈpærətɪvˌli ˈhɑrdər ˌɪməˈgreɪʃən ˈpɑləsiz ɪn ə bɪd tɪ stɛm ðə ˈlikɪŋ əv voʊts. əˈdɪʃəˌnəli, ˈfækʃənz wɪˈθɪn ðiz grups hæv bɪˈkəm ˈvoʊkəl ɪn dɪˈmændɪŋ məʧ mɔr riˈstrɪktɪv əv ˈnuˌkəmərz, dɪˈfaɪɪŋ ðɛr parties’*’ ˈlidərz. ðə seɪm goʊz fər ˈfɪnˌlænd. ðə fɪnz ˈpɑrti, ðə ˌkoʊəˈlɪʃən ˈpɑrtnər əv ˈsɛnər ˈpɑrti, həz ˈrisəntli kɔld fər ðə ˈstrɪpɪŋ əv ˈɛni ˈpəblɪk fəndz prəˈmoʊtɪŋ ˌməltiˈkəlʧərəˌlɪzəm, ðə ˈskeɪlɪŋ bæk əv ˈrɛfjuʤi kˈwoʊtəz, ənd ðə ˈtoʊtəl rɪˈʤɛkʃən əv ˈɛni ðə load”*” əˈgrimənts ˈʧæmpiənd baɪ ˈpipəl laɪk ˈænʤələ ˈmərkəl, hu wɔnt tɪ dəmp ðɛr ““refugees”*” ˈɔntu ˈkəntriz ðət ˈnɛvər ˌɪnˈvaɪtɪd ðɛm. ðɪs ˈnæʃənəlɪst ˌɔrgənɪˈzeɪʃən ˈprɛzəntli həz 38 əv ðə 200 ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnətɪvz ˈsɪtɪŋ ɪn ðə ˈfɪnɪʃ ˈpɑrləmɛnt. ɪz ə nəˈsɛsɪti ɪn ðə ˈfɪnɪʃ ˈsɪstəm, laɪk ɪts sˈwidɪʃ ˈkaʊntərˌpɑrt, soʊ ɪt ɪz ənˈklɪr ɪgˈzæktli haʊ ðə fɪnz ˈpɑrti wɪl pərˈsid. ˈoʊpən rɪˈbɛljən əˈgɛnst ðə ˈsɛnər ˈpɑrti meɪ ˈsɪmpli lɛd tɪ ə mɔr ˈlɛftˌwɪŋ ˌkoʊəˈlɪʃən ˈteɪkɪŋ ðə ˈkɑrənt pleɪs. ˈloʊdɪŋ... ɪn fækt, aɪ æm moʊst ˈlaɪkli ˈgroʊsli ˌəndərˈɛstɪˌmeɪtɪŋ ðə prəˈpɔrʃən əv ˈɪnˌsɛnst ˌskændɪˈneɪviənz. maɪ ˈnəmbərz ˈoʊnli rɪˈflɛkt ðə rəf pərˈsɛnɪʤ voʊt ər ˈrɛgjələr ˈpoʊlɪŋ ˈnəmbərz əv ən ˈoʊpənli ˈpɑrti ɪn ˈkəntriz laɪk sˈwidən ənd ˈfɪnˌlænd. ˈmɛni mɔr dɪsɪnˈʧænɪd ˌskændɪˈneɪviənz, ˈraɪtli ər ˈrɔŋli, fil ðeɪ hæv noʊ ʧɔɪs bət tɪ voʊt fər ə ˈmeɪnˌstrim ˈkænədɪt. ðɛr ər ˈɔfənˌtaɪmz səm ˌkrɛdəˈbɪlɪti ˈdɛfɪsɪts ɪn haʊ ˈvoʊtərz pərˈsiv ˈpɑrtiz, ˌpɑrˈtɪkjələrli ɪn ðɛr prəˈpoʊzd ˈmænɪʤmənt əv ðə ɪˈkɑnəmi wəns ˈkɑmən sɛns ˌɪməˈgreɪʃən ˈpɑləsiz ər ˈɪmpləˌmɛnəd. wət ɔl ðɪs ʃoʊz ɪz ðət ðə fərm beɪs əv ˌjʊrəˈpiənz ˈwɪlɪŋli tɪ əˈpoʊz ðə ˈmaɪgrənt ˌɪnˈveɪʒənz ɪkˈstɛndz bɪɔnd ðə meɪn pɑrt əv ðə ˈkɑntənənt ənd greɪt ˈbrɪtən. əˈsaɪd frəm ˈʤərməni, ðə juˈnaɪtɪd ˈkɪŋdəm, ənd fræns, ˌskændɪˈneɪviə ɪz pərˈhæps ðə moʊst ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt ˈbætəlˌgraʊnd, ɛz fər ˈdɛkeɪdz ɪts ˈkəntriz hæv steɪkt ðɛr ɪnˈtaɪər ˌrɛpjəˈteɪʃənz ɔn ən ənkˈwɛsʧənɪŋ səbˈsərviəns tɪ ˈfɑrsɪkəl ˈnoʊʃənz əv ˈtɑlərəns. ɪf ˈæftər jɪrz əv əˈtɛmptəd ˈbreɪnˌwɑʃɪŋ ɪˈlits ˈkænɑt sɛl ðɛr ˈpɑləsiz tɪ ðə ˈpipəl ənd meɪk ðoʊz ˈpɑləsiz wərk, wət dɪz ðɪs seɪ əˈbaʊt ðə hoʊl ˈsɪstəm? peɪɪŋ fər ə ˈpɑləsi dɪz nɑt meɪk ðə ˈpɑləsi raɪt lɛt ˈjuˈɛs priˈtɛnd əˈgɛn ðət ˈpoʊzər sipilä*ä hæd ˈæˌkʧuəli fʊlˈfɪld hɪz ˈprɑməs tɪ haʊs feɪk ˈrɛfˌjuʤiz. waɪ ʃʊd hɪz ˈwɪlɪŋnəs tɪ peɪ fər ənd əˈkɑməˌdeɪt ə ˈhændˌfʊl əv ðɛm lɪˈʤɪtəˌmaɪz ðə ˈlɛtɪŋ ɪn əv tɛnz əv ˈθaʊzənz əv ˈəðərˌwaɪz ənˈwɔntɪd ˈmaɪgrənts? ðə ʤɔrʤ əˈproʊʧ əv ˈfəndɪŋ ðə hɛl aʊt əv θɪŋz ʃʊd nɑt bi mɪˈsteɪkən fər ə ˈmɔrəl ˌɑbləˈgeɪʃən fər ðə rɛst əv soʊˈsaɪɪti tɪ fʊt ðə bɪl fər səm rɪʧ pɛt pəˈlɪtɪkəl ˈprɑʤɛkt. mɔˈroʊvər, ðə praɪs ðət sipilä*ä wʊd hæv peɪd ənd ðə praɪs ðət ˈsɔroʊs dɪz ɪz soʊ ˌɪnsɪgnˈjɪfɪkənt tɪ ˈiðər əv ðɛm ɛz tɪ bɪˈkəm ˈminɪŋləs. ˈrəðər ðən biɪŋ ə ˈnoʊtˌwərði ˈpərsɪnəl ˈsækrəˌfaɪs, ɪt ɪz ən ˈɪnstəns əv boʊθ mɛn θroʊɪŋ məˈnɑpəli ˈməni əraʊnd. ˈoʊvər ðə pæst jɪr, wi hæv ˈkɑnstəntli sin ðə laɪz əv ˌjʊrəˈpiən ɪˈlits. ˈoʊnli faɪv ər soʊ jɪrz əˈgoʊ, ˈænʤələ ˈmərkəl wɑz ˈkɔlɪŋ ˌməltiˈkəlʧərəˌlɪzəm ən ənˈmɪtəˌgeɪtɪd ““failure.”*.” pləs, æt ðət taɪm ʃi wɑz rɪˈfərɪŋ tɪ ˈlɔŋˌstændɪŋ ˈɪməgrənt kəmˈjunɪtiz, ˈnoʊtəbli ðə tərks, hu hæd əraɪvd ˈdɛkeɪdz ˌbiˈfɔr, nɑt ˈsədən ərˈaɪvəlz. ðɛn ɪn 2015 loʊ ənd bɪˈhoʊld, ˈmɪljən ɪnˈtaɪərli ˈmaɪgrənts wər ˈgræftɪd ˈɔntu ˈʤərməni dɪˈrɛkli frəm ðə ˈmɪdəl ist ənd nɔrθ ˈæfrɪkɑ. sipilä*ä ɪz ˈmɪrli ðə nuəst əˈdɪʃən tɪ ən ˌɪnˈkrisɪŋgli lɔŋ lɪst əv səˈpoʊzd kənˈsərvətɪvz ənd prəˈpoʊnənts əv ˌɪməˈgreɪʃən rɪˈfɔrm hu hæv bɪˈtreɪd ðɛr ˈkəntriz. waɪl ðə ˈævərɪʤ ˈfɪnɪʃ ˈrɛntər ɪz kɛpt əˈweɪk æt naɪt ˈwəndərɪŋ əˈbaʊt haʊ hɪz ˈkəntri həz ˈfɑlən əˈpɑrt soʊ fæst, sipilä*ä wɪl bi sˈlipɪŋ ˈpisfəli, noʊɪŋ fʊl wɛl nən əv ðə mɛs hi həz kriˈeɪtɪd wɪl ˈɛvər təʧ ɪm. rɛd mɔr: ɪz kəˈneɪdiən praɪm ˈmɪnɪstər ˈkæbənət dɪˈskrɪmənəˌtɔri əˈgɛnst mɛn?
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finnish prime minister juha sipilä made headlines in september last year for promising to house a “refugee” family in his second home. though hardly the sort of generosity it was made out to be (sipilä is a millionaire, besides owning at least two homes and residing in a government-funded one), the commitment was meant to show he would help shoulder the impact of the migrant crisis in a much more direct way than most western politicians. fast-forward mere months and the national leader has reneged on his promise, citing security concerns and “heavy publicity.”
what we know beyond a shadow of a doubt is that sipilä made his fake promise to sell his noxious half-open border policy. compared to most european states, finland is far removed from the migrant crisis. things could be a whole lot worse. thankfully for the finns, migrants going there have to come via places like denmark and sweden, as the baltic states and russia have something of a zero tolerance approach to pretend refugees wandering through their lands. too many of them have already arrived in finnish cities like helsinki, yet the numbers are nothing like germany’s.
finland, however, is already in the midst of a serious recession. even if the fraud juha sipilä had kept his word, the effects on him and his family would have been far less than an average finnish household not even taking in asylum seekers. through his wealth and status as a politician, the prime minister is untouchable in relative terms. he is surrounded by bodyguards and no migrant in their right mind would attack, rob or otherwise accost him. and if sipilä needed months to determine whether security concerns would be an issue, discarding for a moment that we know he is a liar, the man is clearly incompetent and not fit for office.
at least 20% of scandinavians are livid over the fake refugee influxes
forgivably, we associate scandinavia (including finland in this case) with literally the worst strands of feminism and other sjw viruses. still, this obscures the vociferous anger boiling up within local populations. in sweden, for example, the swedish democrats continue to capture impressive portions of the national vote, especially so in a nation where tenuous coalition governments are the norm. they have also had the effect of pushing nominally center-right parties to comparatively harder immigration policies in a bid to stem the leaking of votes. additionally, factions within these center-right groups have become vocal in demanding much more restrictive intakes of newcomers, defying their parties’ leaders.
the same goes for finland. the finns party, the coalition partner of sipilä’s center party, has recently called for the stripping of any public funds promoting multiculturalism, the scaling back of finland’s refugee quotas, and the total rejection of any “sharing the load” agreements championed by people like angela merkel, who want to dump their “refugees” onto countries that never invited them. this nationalist organisation presently has 38 of the 200 representatives sitting in the finnish parliament. coalition-building is a necessity in the finnish system, like its swedish counterpart, so it is unclear exactly how the finns party will proceed. open rebellion against the center party may simply lead to a more leftwing coalition taking the current one’s place.
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in fact, i am most likely grossly underestimating the proportion of incensed scandinavians. my numbers only reflect the rough percentage vote or regular polling numbers of an openly anti-immigrant party in countries like sweden and finland. many more disenchanted scandinavians, rightly or wrongly, feel they have no choice but to vote for a mainstream candidate. there are oftentimes some credibility deficits in how voters perceive anti-immigration parties, particularly in their proposed management of the economy once common sense immigration policies are implemented.
what all this shows is that the firm base of europeans willingly to oppose the migrant invasions extends beyond the main part of the continent and great britain. aside from germany, the united kingdom, and france, scandinavia is perhaps the most important battleground, as for decades its countries have staked their entire reputations on an unquestioning subservience to farcical notions of tolerance. if after years of attempted anti-indigenous brainwashing elites cannot sell their policies to the people and make those policies work, what does this say about the whole system?
paying for a policy does not make the policy right
let us pretend again that poser juha sipilä had actually fulfilled his promise to house fake refugees. why should his willingness to pay for and accommodate a handful of them legitimize the letting in of tens of thousands of otherwise unwanted migrants? the george soros-style approach of funding the hell out of things should not be mistaken for a moral obligation for the rest of society to foot the bill for some rich person’s pet political project. moreover, the price that sipilä would have paid and the price that soros does is so insignificant to either of them as to become meaningless. rather than being a noteworthy personal sacrifice, it is an instance of both men throwing monopoly money around.
over the past year, we have constantly seen the chameleon-like lies of european elites. only five or so years ago, angela merkel was calling multiculturalism an unmitigated “failure.” plus, at that time she was referring to longstanding immigrant communities, notably the turks, who had arrived decades before, not sudden arrivals. then in 2015, lo and behold, 1.2 million entirely unestablished migrants were grafted onto germany directly from the middle east and north africa. sipilä is merely the newest addition to an increasingly long list of supposed conservatives and proponents of immigration reform who have betrayed their countries.
while the average finnish renter is kept awake at night wondering about how his country has fallen apart so fast, juha sipilä will be sleeping peacefully, knowing full well none of the mess he has created will ever touch him.
read more: is canadian prime minister trudeau’s cabinet discriminatory against men?
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ðə ˈʤəstɪs dɪˈpɑrtmənt ɪz pərˈpɛrɪŋ tɪ ˌɪnˈdaɪt ˌdɛməˈkrætɪk sɛn. bɑb mɛˈnɛndɛz əv nu ˈʤərzi ɔn pəˈlɪtɪkəl kərˈəpʃən ˈʧɑrʤɪz, ˈsiˈɛˈnɛn rɪˈpɔrts: ðə ˈʤəstɪs dɪˈpɑrtmənt ɪz pərˈpɛrɪŋ tɪ brɪŋ ˈkrɪmənəl kərˈəpʃən ˈʧɑrʤɪz əˈgɛnst nu ˈʤərzi sɛn. ˈrɑbərt mɛˈnɛndɛz, əˈlɛʤɪŋ hi juzd hɪz ˈsɛnɪt ˈɔfəs tɪ pʊʃ ðə ˈbɪznɪs ˈɪntərɪsts əv ə ˌdɛməˈkrætɪk ˈdoʊnər ənd frɛnd ɪn ɪksˈʧeɪnʤ fər gɪfts. ˈpipəl brift ɔn ðə keɪs seɪ əˈtərni ˈʤɛnərəl ˈɛrɪk ˈhoʊldər həz saɪnd ɔf ɔn ˈprɑsɪˌkjutərz' rɪkˈwɛst tɪ pərˈsid wɪθ ˈʧɑrʤɪz, ˈsiˈɛˈnɛn həz ˈlərnɪd ɪkˈsklusɪvli. ən əˈnaʊnsmɛnt kʊd kəm wɪˈθɪn wiks. ˈprɑsɪˌkjutərz ər ˈəndər ˈprɛʃər ɪn pɑrt bɪˈkəz əv ðə ˈstæʧut əv ˌlɪmɪˈteɪʃən ɔn səm əv ðə ˌæləˈgeɪʃənz. ðə ˈgəvərnmənts keɪs ˈsɛnərz ɔn riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪp wɪθ ˈsæləmən, ə ˈflɔrɪdə ˌɑpθəˈmɑləʤɪst hu ðə ˈsɛnətər həz kɔld ə frɛnd ənd pəˈlɪtɪkəl səˈpɔrtər. ənd hɪz ˈfæməli hæv bɪn ˈʤɛnərəs ˈdoʊnərz tɪ ðə ˈsɛnətər ənd ˈvɛriəs kəˈmɪtiz ðə ˈsɛnətər ɪz əˈsoʊʃiˌeɪtəd wɪθ. ˌɪnˈvɛstəˌgeɪtərz hæv ˈfoʊkɪst ɪn pɑrt ɔn pleɪn trɪps mɛˈnɛndɛz tʊk ɪn 2010 tɪ ðə dəˈmɪnəkən riˈpəblɪk ɛz ə gɛst əv. ɪn 2013 ˈæftər wərd əv ðə ˈfɛdərəl ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃən bɪˈkeɪm ˈpəblɪk, mɛˈnɛndɛz peɪd bæk fər ðə 2010 pleɪn trɪps ˈkɔlɪŋ hɪz ˈfeɪljər tɪ ˈprɑpərli dɪˈskloʊz ðə flaɪts ən "ˈoʊvərˌsaɪt." mɛˈnɛndɛz həz dɪˈnaɪd ˈɛni ˈrɔŋduɪŋ ɪn hɪz taɪz tɪ. hɪz ˈspoʊksˌwʊmən dɪd nɑt ˌɪˈmiˌdiətli ˈkɑmɛnt ɔn ˈsiˈɛˈnɛnz rɪˈpɔrt ðət ðə dɪˈpɑrtmənt əv ˈʤəstɪs ɪz pərˈpɛrɪŋ ˈʧɑrʤɪz əˈgɛnst ɪm.
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the justice department is preparing to indict democratic sen. bob menendez of new jersey on political corruption charges, cnn reports:
the justice department is preparing to bring criminal corruption charges against new jersey sen. robert menendez, alleging he used his senate office to push the business interests of a democratic donor and friend in exchange for gifts.
people briefed on the case say attorney general eric holder has signed off on prosecutors' request to proceed with charges, cnn has learned exclusively. an announcement could come within weeks. prosecutors are under pressure in part because of the statute of limitation on some of the allegations.
[...]
the government's case centers on menendez's relationship with salomon melgen, a florida ophthalmologist who the senator has called a friend and political supporter. melgen and his family have been generous donors to the senator and various committees the senator is associated with.
investigators have focused in part on plane trips menendez took in 2010 to the dominican republic as a guest of melgen. in 2013, after word of the federal investigation became public, menendez paid back melgen $58,000 for the 2010 plane trips calling his failure to properly disclose the flights an "oversight."
menendez has denied any wrongdoing in his ties to melgen. his spokeswoman did not immediately comment on cnn's report that the department of justice is preparing charges against him.
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ˈrioʊ də ʤəˈnɛˌroʊ (ˌeɪˈpi) ˈrioʊ də steɪt ɪnˌvaɪrənˈmɛnəl ˈeɪʤənsi sɪz ɪt ɪz ˌɪnˈvɛstəˌgeɪtɪŋ ə fɪʃ ðət həz lɛft ˈθaʊzənz əv ˈkɑrkəsɪz ˈfloʊtɪŋ ɪn ˈwɔtərz wɛr ˈseɪlɪŋ ɪˈvɛnts ər tɪ bi hɛld wɪn brəˈzɪl hoʊsts nɛkst oʊˈlɪmpɪks. ðə dɛd ʃæd, smɔl ˈwaɪtɪʃ greɪ fɪʃ, wər dɪˈskəvərd ˈtuzˌdeɪ baɪ ˌɪnˈspɛktərz kənˈdəktɪŋ ruˈtin ˈwɔtər ˈtɛstɪŋ ɪn suɪʤ- ənd beɪ. ðə ˈeɪʤənsi wɑz kənˈdəktɪŋ tɛsts tɪ dɪˈtərmən ðə kɔz əv ðə, wɪθ rɪˈzəlts ɪkˈspɛktɪd ɪn ə wik, ɪt sɛd ɪn ə ˈsteɪtmənt ˈtuzˌdeɪ. ðə ˌdɪˈskəvri əv ðə fɪʃ, wɪʧ wər ˈwɑʃɪŋ əp ɔn ðə ˈkoʊˌstlaɪn ˈaʊtˈsaɪd ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl ˈɛrˌpɔrt ənd əˈbaʊt 12 ˈkɪləˌmitərz maɪəlz) frəm ðə ˈstɑrtɪŋ pɔɪnt fər ðə 2016 oʊˈlɪmpɪk ˈseɪlɪŋ ɪˈvɛnts, kəmz əˈmɪd ə ˈvɪzɪt baɪ ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl oʊˈlɪmpɪk kəˈmɪti ˌɪnˈspɛktərz, ɪn ˈrioʊ tɪ ʧɛk əp ɔn ðə ˈprɑˌgrɛs ɪn pərˈpɛrɪŋ fər ðə geɪmz. ɪt ˈɔlsoʊ ˈfɑloʊz ˈəpˌbit ˈkɑmɛnts baɪ ˈrioʊ ˈgəvərnər luz fərˈnɑndoʊ, hu sɛd ðə ˈsɪti wɑz ˈwərkɪŋ tɪ mit ɪts plɛʤ tɪ trit 80 pərˈsɛnt əv ðə suɪʤ ɪn ðə ˈsprɔlɪŋ ˈərbən ˈɛriə ðət rɪŋz ðə beɪ. waɪl ðə ʃɛr əv ˈɛriə suɪʤ lɔŋ həz lɔŋ floʊd, rɑ, ˈɪntu ðə beɪ, sɛd 49 pərˈsɛnt əv ðə suɪʤ wɑz naʊ biɪŋ ˈtritɪd. stɪl, hi ækˈnɑlɪʤd ðət ˈrioʊ ɪz ənˈlaɪkli tɪ mit ɪts goʊl əv 80 pərˈsɛnt ˈtritmənt. nɑt easy,”*,” hi toʊld rɪˈpɔrtərz æt ən ɪˈvɛnt ɪn ˈsəbˌweɪ ˈsɪstəm ɔn ˈwɛnzˌdeɪ. taɪm wi hæv ə nɪˌgoʊʃiˈeɪʃən, ðə ˈbɪdɪŋ ˈprɔˌsɛs (fər ðə ˈprɑʤɛkt) sloʊz ənd poʊstˈpoʊnz things.”*.” ðə ɪgˈzɛkjətɪv dɪˈrɛktər əv ðə oʊˈlɪmpɪk geɪmz, krɪˈstɔf dubi*, sɛd æt ə nuz ˈkɑnfərəns ɪn ˈrioʊ ɔn ˈwɛnzˌdeɪ ðət hɪz ˌəndərˈstændɪŋ ðə goʊl əv beɪ baɪ 80 pərˈsɛnt rɪˈmeɪnz. ər stɪl ˈeɪmɪŋ fər ðɪs goʊl. wi ˈkænɑt ʤəʤ ənˈtɪl ðə ˈfɪnɪʃ line,”*,” hi sɛd. ər laɪk ˈæθˌlits ɪn ðət wi ər ˈpʊʃɪŋ təˈwɔrd ðə ˈfɪnɪʃ laɪn ənd wi ʃʊd rɪˈspɛkt ðət ˈɛvəri ˈɛfərt ɪz biɪŋ made.”*.” ˈwɔtər kˈwɑləti həz bɪˈkəm ə ˈɪʃu ɛz ðə oʊˈlɪmpɪks drɔ ˈkloʊzər wɪθ ˈlɪtəl saɪn əv ˈprɑˌgrɛs ɪn ˈklinɪŋ əp ðə ˈfɛtəd beɪ, ɛz wɛl ɛz ðə ləˈgun ˈsɪstəm ɪn ˈwɛstərn ˈrioʊ ðət həgz ðə saɪts əv ðə oʊˈlɪmpɪk pɑrk, ðə ˈvɛri hɑrt əv ðə geɪmz. ðə ləˈgun ˈsɪstəm ɪz ˈɔlsoʊ fɪld wɪθ suɪʤ ənd træʃ, ənd ˈɛriəl ˈfoʊˌtoʊz ˈteɪkən ˈtuzˌdeɪ baɪ ðə ɪnˌvaɪrənˈmɛnəl grup ˈvərdi ʃoʊd ə ˈmæsɪv bækˈtɪriəl blum ˌɪnˈsaɪd ðə ləˈgun ðət həz spɪld aʊt ˈɔntu ðə əˈtlæntɪk ənd ə ˈpɑpjələr ˈnɪrˈbaɪ biʧ. ər ˈɔrgəˌnɪzəmz ðət gɪv ðə ˈwɔtər ə ˈvaɪbrənt hju ənd kən ˈsəmˌtaɪmz pruv ˈtɑksɪk tɪ ˈjumənz ənd ˈəðər plænt ənd ˈænəməl ˈspiʃiz. ˈæθˌlits ˈvɪzɪtɪŋ ˈrioʊ ɪn ˈrisənt mənθs fər tɛst ˈseɪlɪŋ ɪˈvɛnts kəmˈpleɪnd əˈbaʊt hɛlθ rɪsks ənd ðə ˈhæzərdz əv ɛnˈkaʊnərɪŋ ˈfloʊtɪŋ dəˈbri ɪn ðə ˈwɔtərz wɛr kəmˈpit. dɪˈspaɪt ðət, ɛl moutawakel*, ðə hɛd əv ðə ˌɪnˈspɛkʃən tim ɪn ˈrioʊ ðɪs wik, sɛd, hæv bɪn ˈgɪvɪn ðə əˈʃʊrəns ðət ɔl ðə venues”*” wɪl bi klin ɪˈnəf ðət ˈæθˌlits kən kəmˈpit ɪn ə seɪf ənd sɪˈkjʊr manner.”*.” fɪʃ ər ə ˈkɑmən ɪn ˈsɛntrəl rəˈdrigoʊ də ˈfraɪtəz leɪk, wɛr ðə oʊˈlɪmpɪk roʊɪŋ ˌkɑmpəˈtɪʃənz ər tɪ bi hɛld. ˈsəmˌtaɪmz ˈæftər ˈhɛvi reɪnz, ðə ˈɑksɪʤən ˈlɛvəlz ɪn ðə leɪk drɔp, ˈkɪlɪŋ tənz əv fɪʃ. ðə ˈsteɪtmənt frəm ɪnˌvaɪrənˈmɛnəl ˈeɪʤənsi sɛd tɛsts ˈfɑloʊɪŋ ə ˈsɪmələr əv ʃæd ɪn ðə beɪ læst noʊˈvɛmbər ʃoʊd ˌæbnɔrˈmælətiz ɪn ðə ˈwɔtər, nɔr ðə ˈprɛzəns əv ˈkɛmɪkəl ər ˈtɑksɪk ˈsəbstənsɪz. ““therefore,”*,” ðə ˈsteɪtmənt sɛd, kənˈkludɪd ðət ðə ˈɪnsədənts kʊd bi rɪˈleɪtɪd tɪ ðə ˌɪnˈtɛns drought.”*.” oʊ ˈgloʊboʊ ˈnuzˌpeɪpər ˌriˈpɔrtəd ˈwɛnzˌdeɪ ðət əraʊnd 60 tənz əv dɛd fɪʃ wər kəˈlɛktəd ɪn ðə noʊˈvɛmbər.
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rio de janeiro (ap) rio de janeiro’s state environmental agency says it is investigating a fish die-off that has left thousands of carcasses floating in waters where sailing events are to be held when brazil hosts next year’s olympics.
the dead twaite shad, small whitish gray fish, were discovered tuesday by inspectors conducting routine water testing in rio’s sewage- and trash-filled guanabara bay. the agency was conducting tests to determine the cause of the die-off, with results expected in a week, it said in a statement tuesday.
the discovery of the fish, which were washing up on the coastline outside rio’s international airport and about 12 kilometers (7.5 miles) from the starting point for the 2016 olympic sailing events, comes amid a visit by international olympic committee inspectors, in rio to check up on the city’s progress in preparing for the games.
it also follows upbeat comments by rio governor luiz fernando pezao, who said the city was working to meet its pledge to treat 80 percent of the sewage in the sprawling urban area that rings the bay. while the lion’s share of area sewage long has long flowed, raw, into the bay, pezao said 49 percent of the area’s sewage was now being treated. still, he acknowledged that rio is unlikely to meet its goal of 80 percent treatment.
“it’s not easy,” he told reporters at an event in rio’s subway system on wednesday. “every time we have a negotiation, the bidding process (for the project) slows and postpones things.”
the ioc executive director of the olympic games, christophe dubi, said at a news conference in rio on wednesday that it’s his understanding the goal of depolluting guanabara bay by 80 percent remains.
“we are still aiming for this goal. we cannot judge until the finish line,” he said. “we are like athletes in that we are pushing toward the finish line and we should respect that every effort is being made.”
water quality has become a hot-button issue as the olympics draw closer with little sign of progress in cleaning up the fetid bay, as well as the lagoon system in western rio that hugs the sites of the olympic park, the very heart of the games.
the jacarepagua lagoon system is also filled with sewage and trash, and aerial photos taken tuesday by the environmental group olho verde showed a massive bacterial bloom inside the lagoon that has spilled out onto the atlantic and a popular nearby beach. cyanobacteria are single-celled organisms that give the water a vibrant blue-green hue and can sometimes prove toxic to humans and other plant and animal species.
athletes visiting rio in recent months for test sailing events complained about health risks and the hazards of encountering floating debris in the waters where they’ll compete.
despite that, nawal el moutawakel, the head of the ioc inspection team in rio this week, said, “we have been given the assurance that all the venues” will be clean enough “so that athletes can compete in a safe and secure manner.”
fish die-offs are a common in central rio’s rodrigo de freitas lake, where the olympic rowing competitions are to be held. sometimes after heavy rains, the oxygen levels in the lake drop, killing tons of fish.
the statement from rio’s environmental agency said tests following a similar die-off of twaite shad in the guanabara bay last november showed “neither abnormalities in the water, nor the presence of chemical or toxic substances.
“therefore,” the statement said, “specialists concluded that the incidents could be related to the intense drought.”
rio’s o globo newspaper reported wednesday that around 60 tons of dead fish were collected in the november die-offs.
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siˈætəl, wɑ siˈætəl reɪn əˈnaʊnst təˈdeɪ ðə kləb həz əkˈwaɪərd ɔˈstreɪljən ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl ˈgoʊlˌkipər ˈlɪdiə ˈwɪljəmz frəm ðə ˈhjustən dæʃ ɪn ɪksˈʧeɪnʤ fər ə dræft pɪk ɪn ðə 2018 ˈkɑlɪʤ dræft. siˈætəl kəˈlɛktəd ðə dræft pɪk frəm ðə ˈbɔstən ˈbreɪkərz ɪn ə ˈsɛpərˌeɪt trænˈzækʃən. ˈwɪljəmz ʤɔɪnd ðə dæʃ ɪn 2016 wɛr ʃi ˈfɪnɪʃt ðə ˈsizən wɪθ wən klin ʃit ənd 56 seɪvz ˈoʊvər 15 geɪmz. ðɪs ˈsizən, ˈwɪljəmz həz ˈstɑrtɪd eɪt ˈmæʧɪz fər ðə dæʃ ˈtoʊtəlɪŋ tu klin ʃits ənd 14 seɪvz. ɪkˈsaɪtɪd fər ðə ˌɑpərˈtunəti tɪ brɪŋ ɪn əˈnəðər goalkeeper,”*,” sɛd siˈætəl reɪn hɛd koʊʧ ənd ˈʤɛnərəl ˈmænɪʤər ˈlɔrə ˈhɑrvi. həz ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl ɪkˈspɪriəns ənd suts ðə weɪ wi laɪk tɪ pleɪ. aɪ fil ʃi kən hæv ən ˌɪmˈpækt wɪˈθɪn ðə grup boʊθ ʃɔrt tərm ənd lɔŋ term.”*.” ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑli, ˈwɪljəmz həz 61 kæps fər ɔˈstreɪljə, moʊst ˈrisəntli əˈpɪrɪŋ ɪn ðə 2017 ˈtʊrnəmənt əv ˈneɪʃənz. ðə ˈgoʊlˌkipər hɛlpt ɔˈstreɪljə ˈrɛkərd ðɛr ˈvɪktəri ˈoʊvər ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts ɪn ə ˈʃəˌtaʊt. ˈwɪljəmz wɑz ˈɔlsoʊ ə pɑrt əv 2015 wərld kəp skwɑd ənd 2016 ˈrioʊ oʊˈlɪmpɪks tim. ˈlɪdiə ˈwɪljəmz pəˈzɪʃən: haɪt: bɔrn: ˈhoʊmˌtaʊn: katanning*, ɔˈstreɪljə læst kləb: ˈhjustən dæʃ reɪn rɪˈtərn tɪ məˈmɔriəl ˈsteɪdiəm ɔn ˈsənˌdi, sɛpˈtɛmbər æt wɪn ðeɪ hoʊst fæn əˌpriʃiˈeɪʃən naɪt ənd feɪs ˈkænzəs ˈsɪti. ðə fərst fænz ˈɪntu ðə ˈsteɪdiəm wɪl rɪˈsiv ə hoʊp ˈsoʊˌloʊ bobblehead*. ˈsɪŋgəl mæʧ ˈtɪkɪts ənd ˌviˌaɪˈpi ɪkˈspɪriəns ˈpækɪʤɪz ər əˈveɪləbəl. tɪ ˈpərʧəs ˈtɪkɪts, ˈvɪzɪt ər kɔl ðə reɪn ˈtɪkɪt ˈɔfəs æt 855 reign-fc*. əˈbaʊt siˈætəl reɪn: siˈætəl reɪn ɪz wən əv tɛn timz ɪn ðə ˈnæʃənəl ˈsɑkər lig. ðə ɪz ðə prɛˈmɪr prəˈfɛʃənəl ˈsɑkər lig ɪn nɔrθ əˈmɛrɪkə, ˈfiʧərɪŋ ˈmɛni əv ðə tɔp pleɪərz frəm ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts, ˈkænədə ənd əraʊnd ðə wərld. siˈætəl reɪn treɪn ənd hoʊst hoʊm ˈmæʧɪz æt məˈmɔriəl ˈsteɪdiəm, ˈloʊˌkeɪtəd ɪn ðə ˈʃæˌdoʊ əv ðə speɪs ˈnidəl ɔn ðə siˈætəl ˈsɛnər ˈkæmpəs. fər mɔr ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən ɔn ðə kləb ˈvɪzɪt reignfc.com*.
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seattle, wa seattle reign fc announced today the club has acquired australian international goalkeeper lydia williams from the houston dash in exchange for a second-round draft pick in the 2018 nwsl college draft. seattle collected the draft pick from the boston breakers in a separate transaction.
williams joined the dash in 2016, where she finished the season with one clean sheet and 56 saves over 15 games. this season, williams has started eight matches for the dash totaling two clean sheets and 14 saves.
“i’m excited for the opportunity to bring in another goalkeeper,” said seattle reign fc head coach and general manager laura harvey. “lydia has international experience and suits the way we like to play. i feel she can have an impact within the group both short term and long term.”
internationally, williams has 61 caps for australia, most recently appearing in the 2017 tournament of nations. the goalkeeper helped australia record their first-ever victory over the united states in a 1-0 shutout. williams was also a part of australia’s 2015 women’s world cup squad and 2016 rio olympics team.
lydia williams
position: gk
height: 5’8”
born: 5/13/1988
hometown: katanning, australia
last club: houston dash
reign fc return to memorial stadium on sunday, september 24th at 6:00pm pt when they host fan appreciation night and face fc kansas city. the first 2,500 fans into the stadium will receive a hope solo bobblehead. single match tickets and vip experience packages are available. to purchase tickets, visit reignfc.com/tickets or call the reign fc ticket office at (855) reign-fc.
about seattle reign fc:
seattle reign fc is one of ten teams in the national women’s soccer league. the nwsl is the premier women’s professional soccer league in north america, featuring many of the top players from the united states, canada and around the world. seattle reign fc train and host home matches at memorial stadium, located in the shadow of the space needle on the seattle center campus. for more information on the club visit reignfc.com.
#letitreign
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kloʊz ˈdɛpjəti ˈsɛkrəˌtɛri əv ðə ˌɪnˈtɪriər ˈmaɪkəl ˈkɑnər tɔks əˈbaʊt ˈwɔtər ˈɪʃuz əˈlaʊz ˈsɪtiz ənd taʊnz ɪn ˈsərtən ˈkaʊntiz wɪθ ˈgraʊndˌwɔtər ˈpəmpɪŋ riˈstrɪkʃənz tɪ ɑpt aʊt əv rulz. ðə bɪl əˈweɪts gəv. dəg ˈsɪgnəʧər. treɪlz æt ˈfɛrbəŋk ˈsərkəl ðə ənd lɛd tɪ ðə ˈhɪlˌtɑp ˈsɛmɪˌtɛri ənd əˈlɔŋ ðə sæn ˈpeɪdroʊ ˈrɪvər. (ˈfoʊˌtoʊ: ˈrɑʤər fər ðə riˈpəblɪk) ˈstɔri ˈhaɪˌlaɪts bɪl əˈlaʊz ˈsɪtiz tɪ ɑpt aʊt əv ˈmænɪʤmənt rul hoʊmz wʊd juz ˈgraʊndˌwɔtər ðət fidz sæn ˈpeɪdroʊ ˈrɪvər ˈgəvərnərz ˈɔfəs sɪz səˌsteɪnəˈbɪlɪti həz ə haɪ praɪˈɔrəti ˈwɔtər ˌkɑnsərˈveɪʃən ˈædvəˌkeɪts riˈkɔɪld æt ə bɪl pæst ˈθərzˌdeɪ baɪ ðə ˌɛrɪˈzoʊnə haʊs əv ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnətɪvz ðət wʊd ˈsaɪdˌstɛp ˈgraʊndˌwɔtər ˈmænɪʤmənt rulz ənd bɪg ˌrɛzɪˈdɛnʃəl dɪˈvɛləpmənts ɪn ˈsəðərn ˌɛrɪˈzoʊnə. ɪf gəv. dəg ˈdusi saɪnz 1268 ðə bɪl wʊd riˈmuv ən ˌɪmˈpɛdəmənt tɪ ˈbɪldɪŋ ə siˈɛrə ˈvɪstə dɪˈvɛləpmənt kɔld ˈtrɪbjut ðət ˈwaɪlˌdlaɪf ənd ˈwɔtər ˈæktɪvɪsts seɪ kʊd kɪl ðə ˈtaɪni sæn ˈpeɪdroʊ ˈrɪvər ənd ˈpɑsəbli ɛnˈdeɪnʤər ðə fˈjuʧər əv ðə ˈɑrmiz fɔrt wɑˈʧukə. ðə bɪl əˈlaʊz ˈsɪtiz ənd taʊnz ɪn ˈsərtən ˈkaʊntiz wɪθ ˈgraʊndˌwɔtər ˈpəmpɪŋ riˈstrɪkʃənz tɪ ɑpt aʊt əv ðə rulz. ðə bɪl ˈɔlsoʊ wʊd ˈtɑrnɪʃ ˌɛrɪˈzoʊnəz ˈɪmɪʤ ɛz ə smɑrt ˈwɔtər stuərd, ərnd baɪ ɛˈnæktmənt əv ðə 1980 ˈgraʊndˌwɔtər ˈmænɪʤmənt ækt, ðə ˌɛrɪˈzoʊnə mjuˈnɪsəpəl ˈwɔtər ˈjuzərz əˌsoʊʃiˈeɪʃən ˈɑrgjud. ðət lɔ ˈmænˌdeɪtɪd pruf əv səˈplaɪz ɪn ˈərbən ˈkaʊntiz səʧ ɛz ˌmɑrɪˈkoʊpə. ɪt ˈɔlsoʊ əˈlaʊd mɔr ˈrʊrəl ˈkaʊntiz tɪ ɑpt ɪn wɪθ ðɛr oʊn ˈsɪmələr rɪkˈwaɪrmənt ə stɛp ðət ənd ˈjumə ˈkaʊntiz tʊk. "ɪf wən pɑrt əv ðə steɪt ɪz sin ɛz ˈwikənɪŋ ɪts ˈwɔtər ˈmænɪʤmənt, ðə hoʊl steɪt ɪz sin ɛz ˈwikənɪŋ ɪts ˈwɔtər ˈmænɪʤmənt," sɛd ˈwɔrən ˈtɛni, ɪgˈzɛkjətɪv dɪˈrɛktər əv ðə ˌɛrɪˈzoʊnə ˈwɔtər ˈjuzərz mjuˈnɪsəpəl əˌsoʊʃiˈeɪʃən, wɪʧ ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnts ˈsɪti ˈwɔtər səˈplaɪərz ɪn ðə ˈfinɪks ˈɛriə. "ɪt ˈdəzənt sim tɪ bi kənˈsɪstənt wɪθ ðə ˈmɛsɪʤ ðət ðə ˈgəvərnər həz bɪn seɪɪŋ rɪˈgɑrdɪŋ ˈwɔtər ɪn ˈrisənt mənθs." ðə ˈgəvərnər ənd hɪz ædˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃən hæv ˈfrikwɛntli ˈtaʊtɪd ˌɛrɪˈzoʊnəz waɪz ˈwɔtər ˈmænɪʤmənt ənd ˈækwəfər riˈʧɑrʤ ˈproʊˌgræmz ɛz ˈhævɪŋ prɪˈvɛnɪd ə ˈwɔtər ˈkraɪsəs əv ðə kaɪnd ðət fɔrst ˈsteɪtˌwaɪd riˈstrɪkʃənz ɔn ˌkælɪˈfɔrnjənz læst jɪr. bɪl goʊz bæk tɪ ˈsɛnɪt fər kənˈkərəns ðə haʊs pæst ðə bɪl wɪθ ˈhɛvi rɪˈpəblɪkən səˈpɔrt ənd sɛnt ɪt bæk tɪ wɛr ɪt ərˈɪʤəˌneɪtəd ənd fərst pæst ɪn ðə ˈsɛnɪt fər kənˈkərəns ɔn əˈmɛndmənts. 1268 wʊd əˈlaʊ siˈɛrə ˈvɪstə tɪ ˌɪgˈnɔr ˈkaʊntiz ˈgraʊndˌwɔtər rul ənd əˈpruv ðə ɛmˈbætəld ˈtrɪbjut dɪˈvɛləpmənt, əˈməŋ ˈəðərz. ðə dɪˈvɛləpmənt həz bɪn taɪd əp ɪn steɪt kɔrt fər jɪrz. əˈpoʊnənts, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ðə juz. ˈbjʊroʊ əv lænd ˈmænɪʤmənt, hæv ˈɑrgjud ðət ðə ˌɛrɪˈzoʊnə dɪˈpɑrtmənt əv ˈwɔtər ˈrisɔrsɪz ˌɪmˈprɑpərli dɪˈklɛrd ðə dɪˈvɛləpərz hæd ˈækˌsɛs tɪ ə səˈplaɪ ənd ˌɪgˈnɔrd ðə ˈlaɪkli dɪˈpliʃən əv ðə ˈrɪvər ənd ə ˈwɔtər raɪt fər ə sæn ˈpeɪdroʊ ˌkɑnsərˈveɪʃən ˈɛriə. haʊs ˈspikər ˈdeɪvɪd gaʊən, ˈvɪstə, bækt ənd dɪsˈmɪst əˈpoʊnənts ˈwɑnɪŋ tɪ stɑp ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk groʊθ. hi sɛd ðə ˈɛriə həz səˈfɪʃənt ˈwɔtər tɪ "pʊt ˈpipəl bæk tɪ wərk" ɪf ðə riˈstrɪkʃənz ər ˈlɪftɪd. "wɪr ˈstɑrtɪŋ tɪ tɔk əˈbaʊt ˌɪnˈtrudɪŋ ɔn ɑr ˈpərsɪnəl ˈprɑpərti raɪts," hi sɛd. "ðɪs ɪz ˈpraɪvət ˈprɑpərti wɪr ˈtɔkɪŋ əˈbaʊt. ðoʊz ər ˈfaɪtɪŋ wərdz." ˈnumərəs grups, ˈpəblɪk ənd ˈpraɪvət, hæv wərkt fər jɪrz tɪ kət ˈgraʊndˌwɔtər ˈpəmpɪŋ ənd prəˈtɛkt ðə ˈnɛroʊ ˈrɪbən əv ˈdɛzərt ˈkɑtənˌwʊd triz ɔn ðə sæn ˈpeɪdroʊ, ən ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑli ˈrɛkəgˌnaɪzd ˈmaɪgrəˌtɔri bərd ðət draɪz əp ˈsizənəli ɪn spɑts. fɔrt wɑˈʧukə həz kət ɪts oʊn ˈpəmpɪŋ baɪ ˌtuˈθərdz ənd spɛnt ˈmɪljənz əv ˈdɔlərz ˈhɛlpɪŋ grups səʧ ɛz ðə ˈneɪʧər kənˈsərvənsi riˈʧɑrʤ ˈwɔtər ˈɪntu ðə ˈækwəfər huz spərɪŋz səˈsteɪn ðə ˈrɪvər. stɪl, ˈpəmpɪŋ dreɪnz mɔr ðən wət ˈneɪʧər pʊts bæk ˈɛvəri jɪr, ənd ə ˌjunəˈvərsəti əv ˌɛrɪˈzoʊnə rɪˈpɔrt kəˈmɪʃənd baɪ ðə ˈsɛnər fər ˌbaɪəˈlɑʤɪkəl dɪˈvərsɪti sɛd ðə ˈtrɪbjut dɪˈvɛləpmənt wʊd ɪkˈstɛnd ðə ˈrɪvərz ˈsizənəli draɪ ˈstrɛʧɪz baɪ 10 pərˈsɛnt. ðə dɪˈvɛləpmənt wʊd juz əˈbaʊt ðə seɪm əˈmaʊnt ðət fɔrt wɑˈʧukə həz ˈgɪvɪn əp. ðə sæn ˈpeɪdroʊ ˈrɪvər, əˈlɔŋ ðə ˈʧɑrəlstən tɪ ˈfɛrbəŋk ˈsɛkʃən. (ˈfoʊˌtoʊ: ðə riˈpəblɪk) ɪnˈdeɪnʤərd bərdz θˈrɛtənd? ˈrɑbɪn ˈsɪlvər, ə ˈkaʊnti ˈlænˌdoʊnər ənd əv ðə ˈsɛnər fər ˌbaɪəˈlɑʤɪkəl dɪˈvərsɪti, sɛd ˈəndərˌkətɪŋ ˈgraʊndˌwɔtər ˈmænɪʤmənt əraʊnd ðə ˈrɪvər θˈrɛtənz nɑt ˈoʊnli ɪnˈdeɪnʤərd bərdz səʧ ɛz ðə ˌsaʊθˈwɛstərn ˈwɪˌloʊ ˈflaɪˌkæʧər, bət ˈɔlsoʊ ðə vaɪəˈbɪləti əv ðə ˈeɪmi beɪs. ˈrəðər ðən draɪɪŋ əp ðə ˌsaʊθˈwɛsts læst ˈrɪvər, ˈsɪlvər sɛd, ˈkɑŋgrəs meɪ ɑpt tɪ ʃɪft ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri ˈmɪʃənz tɪ ˈəðər ˈsəðərn poʊsts wɪˈθaʊt səʧ ˈwɔtər ˈskɛrsɪti. "ðeɪ ˈlɪtərəli hæv pʊt ə ɔn fɔrt wɑˈʧukə fər ə sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt rɪˈdəkʃən ɪn fɔrs," hi sɛd. ˈɔdəbɑn ˌɛrɪˈzoʊnə bərd ˌkɑnsərˈveɪʃən dɪˈrɛktər taɪs ˈsəˌpli sɛd bɪl səˈpɔrtərz ˈrɔŋli freɪmd ðə prəˈpoʊzəl ɛz ə faɪt əˈgɛnst ɪnˈdeɪnʤərd ˈspiʃiz riˈstrɪkʃənz ər ˈfɛdərəl ɪnˌvaɪrənˈmɛnəl ˈoʊvərˌriʧ ˌɪnˈstɛd əv ən əˈtæk ɔn smɑrt ˈwɔtər ˈpɑləsi. "ˈəndərˌmaɪnɪŋ ðiz ˈpɑzətɪv, ˈækʃənz baɪ ˈjumə ənd ˈkaʊntiz ˈrɪli ənˈrævəlz smɑrt ˈwɔtər ˈmænɪʤmənt ɪn ɑr steɪt," ʃi sɛd. ɪt ˈɔlsoʊ θˈrɛtənz ə ˈɛriə ðət əˈtrækts ˈvɪzɪtərz frəm əraʊnd ðə wərld, ʃi sɛd. rɛpriˈzɛtətɪv. ˈlisə otondo*, d-yuma*, ˌənsəkˈsɛsfəli ərʤd hər ˈkɑligz tɪ hoʊld ɔf ənˈtɪl ðə kɔrts ˌdɪˈsaɪd ɔn ˈtrɪbjuts ˈwɔtər keɪs. ðə ɪgˈzɪstɪŋ lɔ ɪz mɛnt tɪ prəˈtɛkt kəmˈjunɪti ˈwɔtər səˈplaɪz, ʃi sɛd. "wi məst kənˈtɪnju tɪ bi prægˈmætɪk ənd ˌproʊˈæktɪv, ʤɪst laɪk ðoʊz ˌbiˈfɔr ˈjuˈɛs, ɪn ˈmænəʤɪŋ ɑr ˈwɔtər ˈrisɔrsɪz," ʃi sɛd. rɛpriˈzɛtətɪv. ˈbrɛndə ˈbɑrtən, r-payson*, sɛd ðə bɪl ˈnɛroʊli ˈtɑrgəts ˈkaʊnti ənd gɪvz kəmˈjunɪtiz əˈproʊpriˌeɪt ˌflɛksəˈbɪləti. "aɪ ˌgɛrənˈti ju, əm nɑt duɪŋ ˈɛniˌθɪŋ ðət wɪl hɑrm ˈjuˈɛs," ʃi sɛd. ˈtrɪbjut ɪz ə ˈprɑʤɛkt əv ˈkæsəl kʊk, ə ˈkəmpəˌni oʊnd baɪ dɪˈvɛləpər ˈdeɪvɪd ˈmərdɑk, huz ˈwɛbˌsaɪt ˈɔlsoʊ lɪsts ɪm ɛz ðə məˈʤɔrəti ˈstɑˌkhoʊldər doʊl fud koʊ. ə ˈmɛsɪʤ lɛft æt ðə ˈnəmbər ðət ðə ˈkæsəl kʊk ˈwɛbˌsaɪt ˈlɪstɪd fər ɪm wɑz nɑt ˌɪˈmiˌdiətli ˈænsərd. ən əˈsoʊʃiˌeɪt riʧt θru ðə ˈɔfəsɪz ˈʤɛnərəl ˈnəmbər æst fər kˈwɛsʧənz baɪ iˈmeɪl, wɪʧ ˈɔlsoʊ ˈjildɪd noʊ ˌɪˈmiˌdiət rɪˈspɑns. ˈkəmpəˌni ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnətɪvz hæv dɪˈspjutɪd ðət ðə dɪˈvɛləpmənt wɪl dɪˈplit ðə ˈrɪvər, ɪn pɑrt bɪˈkəz ɪt wɪl ˌɪnˈklud ə rɪˈtərn əv səm ˈtritɪd ˈweɪstˌwɔtər tɪ ðə graʊnd. ðə ˈgəvərnərz ˈɔfəs dɪˈklaɪnd tɪ seɪ ˈwɛðər hi səˈpɔrts ðə bɪl ər tɪ ˈænsər kˈwɛsʧənz əˈbaʊt θrɛts tɪ ðə ˈrɪvər ər ˈɑrmi beɪs. "ɪnˈʃʊrɪŋ ðə ˈsərtənti ənd səˌsteɪnəˈbɪlɪti əv ˌɛrɪˈzoʊnəz ˈwɔtər səˈplaɪ ɪz ə haɪ praɪˈɔrəti fər gəv. ˈdusi ənd hi wɪl kənˈsɪdər ðɪs ˌlɛʤəsˈleɪʃən frəm ðət pərˈspɛktɪv wɪn ɪt ˈriʧɪz hɪz dɛsk," ˈspoʊksmən ˈdænjəl ruiz sɛd ɪn ən ˈiˌmeɪl. rɛd ər ʃɛr ðɪs ˈstɔri:
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close deputy secretary of the interior michael connor talks about water issues
sb1268 allows cities and towns in certain counties with groundwater pumping restrictions to opt out of rules. the bill awaits gov. doug ducey's signature.
trails at fairbank circle the townsite and lead to the hilltop cemetery and along the san pedro river. (photo: roger naylor/special for the republic) story highlights bill allows cities to opt out of management rule
7,000 homes would use groundwater that feeds san pedro river
governor's office says sustainability has a high priority
water conservation advocates recoiled at a bill passed thursday by the arizona house of representatives that would sidestep groundwater management rules and green-light big residential developments in southern arizona.
if gov. doug ducey signs sb 1268, the bill would remove an impediment to building a 7,000-home sierra vista development called tribute that wildlife and water activists say could kill the tiny san pedro river and possibly endanger the future of the army's fort huachuca.
the bill allows cities and towns in certain counties with groundwater pumping restrictions to opt out of the rules.
the bill also would tarnish arizona's image as a smart water steward, earned by enactment of the 1980 groundwater management act, the arizona municipal water users association argued.
that law mandated pre-construction proof of 100-year supplies in urban counties such as maricopa. it also allowed more rural counties to opt in with their own similar requirement — a step that cochise and yuma counties took.
"if one part of the state is seen as weakening its water management, the whole state is seen as weakening its water management," said warren tenney, executive director of the arizona water users municipal association, which represents city water suppliers in the phoenix area.
"it doesn't seem to be consistent with the message that the governor has been saying regarding water in recent months."
the governor and his administration have frequently touted arizona's wise water management and aquifer recharge programs as having prevented a water crisis of the kind that forced statewide restrictions on californians last year.
bill goes back to senate for concurrence
the house passed the bill 33-25 with heavy republican support and sent it back to where it originated and first passed in the senate for concurrence on amendments.
sb 1268 would allow sierra vista to ignore cochise county's groundwater rule and approve the embattled tribute development, among others.
the development has been tied up in state court for years. opponents, including the u.s. bureau of land management, have argued that the arizona department of water resources improperly declared the developers had access to a 100-year supply and ignored the likely depletion of the river and a congressionally-designated water right for a san pedro conservation area.
house speaker david gowan, r-sierra vista, backed sb1268 and dismissed opponents wanting to stop economic growth. he said the area has sufficient water to "put people back to work" if the restrictions are lifted.
"we're starting to talk about intruding on our personal property rights," he said. "this is private property we're talking about. those are fighting words."
numerous groups, public and private, have worked for years to cut groundwater pumping and protect the narrow ribbon of desert cottonwood trees on the san pedro, an internationally recognized migratory bird attractant that dries up seasonally in spots.
fort huachuca has cut its own pumping by two-thirds and spent millions of dollars helping groups such as the nature conservancy recharge water into the aquifer whose springs sustain the river.
still, pumping drains more than what nature puts back every year, and a university of arizona hydrology report commissioned by the center for biological diversity said the tribute development would extend the river's seasonally dry stretches by 10 percent.
the development would use about the same amount that fort huachuca has given up.
the san pedro river, along the charleston to fairbank section. (photo: the republic)
endangered birds threatened?
robin silver, a cochise county landowner and co-founder of the center for biological diversity, said undercutting groundwater management around the river threatens not only endangered birds such as the southwestern willow flycatcher, but also the viability of the amy base.
rather than drying up the southwest's last free-flowing river, silver said, congress may opt to shift military missions to other southern posts without such water scarcity.
"they literally have put a bulls-eye on fort huachuca for a significant reduction in force," he said.
audubon arizona bird conservation director tice supplee said bill supporters wrongly framed the proposal as a fight against endangered species restrictions or federal environmental overreach instead of an attack on smart water policy.
"undermining these positive, forward-looking actions by yuma and cochise counties really unravels smart water management in our state," she said.
it also threatens a bird-watching area that attracts visitors from around the world, she said.
rep. lisa otondo, d-yuma, unsuccessfully urged her colleagues to hold off until the courts decide on tribute's water case. the existing law is meant to protect community water supplies, she said.
"we must continue to be pragmatic and proactive, just like those before us, in managing our water resources," she said.
rep. brenda barton, r-payson, said the bill narrowly targets cochise county and gives communities appropriate flexibility.
"i guarantee you, i'm not doing anything that will harm us," she said.
tribute is a project of castle & cooke, a company owned by california-based developer david murdock, whose website also lists him as the majority stockholder dole food co.
a message left at the number that the castle & cooke website listed for him was not immediately answered. an associate reached through the office's general number asked for questions by email, which also yielded no immediate response.
company representatives have disputed that the development will deplete the river, in part because it will include a return of some treated wastewater to the ground.
the governor's office declined to say whether he supports the bill or to answer questions about threats to the river or army base.
"ensuring the certainty and sustainability of arizona's water supply is a high priority for gov. ducey — and he will consider this legislation from that perspective when it reaches his desk," spokesman daniel ruiz said in an e-mail.
read or share this story: http://azc.cc/1mzvdew
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tun ˈkænədɪt: goʊt! aɪ hoʊp jʊr ˌɛnˈʤɔɪɪŋ jʊr ˈwəndərfəl ˈwɪntər ˈhɑlɪˌdeɪ! θɪŋz ər ʤɪst ˈgɪtɪŋ ˈstɑrtɪd əraʊnd hir, ənd əm hir tɪ gɪv ju ə gɪft ðət wɪl kip ɔn ˈgɪvɪŋ fər ðə deɪz tɪ ə bɪt bɪˈhaɪnd ˈskɛʤʊl, bət ɪt wərkt aʊt ˈrəðər wɛl! ˈɛvəri deɪ ənˈtɪl wɪr ˈfɪnɪʃt, wən əv ðə eɪt nu tun ˈspiʃiz ˌnɑməˈniz wɪl bi əˈnaʊnst raɪt hir æt ðə ˈbɑtəm əv ðə blɔg poʊst, kəmˈplit wɪθ ðɛr ˈɪmɪʤ ənd ə ʃɔrt kwaɪt ðə grænd gɪft! aɪv spɛnt ðə læst fju wiks ˈwərkɪŋ wɪθ ðə tun ˈkaʊnsəl tɪ ˈfɪltər θru jʊr ˌnɑməˈneɪʃənz beɪst ɔn ˌpɑpjəˈlɛrəti, ɛz wɛl ɛz ðə bɛst fɪts fər. ʧɛk bæk ˈɛvəri deɪ tɪ si ɪf jʊr ˈspiʃiz wən ðə ˈspiʃiz ɪˈlɛkʃən wɪl kənˈtɪnju ɪn ˈʤænjuˌɛri wɪθ ɑr nu pɪks, rɪˈzəltɪŋ ɪn tɪ nɛkst jɪr beɪst ɔn jʊr voʊt. ənˈtɪl ðɛn, lɛts gɪt ðiz ˌnɑməˈniz hɛdz, faɪn ˈmaʊntən ɪn toonfest*, ðə ˈtræfɪk ɪn ˌɪnˈkrisɪz, goʊt wɪl prəˈmoʊt ɛz ən ɪnˌvaɪrənˈmɛnəli ˈfrɛndli ˌtrænspərˈteɪʃən ˈsərtən ðət goʊt wɪl bi ðə læst tɪ sayhumbug*. kip ˈʧɛkɪŋ bæk ˈɛvəri deɪ tɪ si wɪʧ ˈspiʃiz wɪl bi əˈnaʊnst nɛkst. ˈmɛri ˈkrɪsməs tɪ ɔl!
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toon candidate: goat
toontown! i hope you're enjoying your wonderful winter holiday! things are just getting started around here, and i'm here to give you a gift that will keep on giving for the days to come.we're a bit behind schedule, but it worked out rather well! every day until we're finished, one of the eight new toon species nominees thatpicked will be announced right here at the bottom of the blog post, complete with their image and a short bio.it's quite the grand gift! i've spent the last few weeks working with the toon council to filter through your nominations based on popularity, as well as the best fits for toontown. check back every day to see if your species won the nomination!the species election will continue in january with our new picks, resulting in acoming to toontown next year based on your vote. until then, let's get these nominees announced!tin canbutting heads, fine diningthe mountain in toonfest, the junkyardas traffic in toontown increases, goat will promote teleporting as an environmentally friendly transportation option.i'm certain that goat will be the last to sayhumbug. keep checking back every day to see which species will be announced next. merry christmas to all!
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ɑ, ɪts gʊd tɪ si ˈæpəl kən lik ɪts əˈnaʊnsmɛnts əˈhɛd əv taɪm ʤɪst laɪk ðə rɛst əv ðə wərld ˌoʊvərˈzɛləs ˈfɔrəm ɔn ˈæpəlz oʊn saɪt hæv bɪn ˈsɛtɪŋ əp dɪˈskəʃənz ˈsɛkʃənz fər ˈprɑdəkts tɪ bi əˈnaʊnst æt ˈtudeɪz bæk tɪ ðə mæk ɪˈvɛnt ə ˈlɪtəl ˈərli, wɪʧ həz ˌɪˈnɛvətəbli bɪn pɪkt əp baɪ səm sˈluθɪŋ soʊlz ˈoʊvər ɪn ˈpoʊlənd. ə ˈlɪtəl bɪt əv məˌnɪpjəˈleɪʃən həz rɪˈvild ˈsɛpərˌeɪt ˈfɔrəmz fər ə nu 11 11 ənd 11 ɔl θri əv wɪʧ ər kɔr kəmˈpoʊnənts əv ðə swit, ˈlidɪŋ ˈjuˈɛs tɪ goʊ əˈhɛd ənd prɪˈzum ðət stiv ʤɑbz wɪl bi dɪˈskəsɪŋ ən 11 ˈleɪtər təˈdeɪ. ðɛrz ˈɔlsoʊ ˌkɑnfərˈmeɪʃən əv ðə nu ɛr wɪθ ən "ˈɛmˈbiˈeɪ (nid əˈfɪʃəl neɪm)" ˈfɔrəm ˈimərʤɪŋ, əˈlɔŋˈsaɪd ə mɪˈstɪriəs "rɪˈzərvd 20 10 destination.[thanks*, mm*]
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ah, it's good to see apple can leak its announcements ahead of time just like the rest of the world . overzealous forum mods on apple's own site have been setting up discussions sections for products to be announced at today's back to the mac event a little early, which has inevitably been picked up by some sleuthing souls over in poland. a little bit of url manipulation has revealed separate forums for a new imovie '11, iphoto '11, and garageband '11, all three of which are core components of the ilife suite, leading us to go ahead and presume that steve jobs will be discussing an ilife '11 later today. there's also confirmation of the new macbook air with an "mba (need official name)" forum emerging, alongside a mysterious "reserved 20 10" destination.[thanks, mm]
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it’s* ˈnɛvər tu ˈərli fər ˈrisɔrsɪz əˈspɛʃəli wɪn ju wɔnt tɪ meɪk ðə moʊst əv ðɛm ɪn jʊr skul, koʊd kləb ər coderdojo*! soʊ ðə ˈlɔrə wɪθ ən ˌɪntrəˈdəkʃən əv ɑr nuəst ˈfɛstɪv ˈprɑʤɛkts. ɪn ðə ˌɪˈmɔrtəl wərdz əv ˈhoʊldər: christmaaaaaaasssss!”*!” wɛl, ˈmeɪbi ɪt kwaɪt ˈkrɪsməs jɛt, bət sɪns ðə ʃɑps hæv bɪn pleɪɪŋ məraɪə ˈkɛri ɔn ə lup sɪns ðə læst ˈpəmpkɪn ˈlæntərn hɪt ðə ˈbɑrgɪn bɪn, ˈhoʊpfəli wɛl priˈpɛrd. tɪ gɪt ju ɪn ðə mud wɪθ səm ˈfɛstɪv fən, pʊt təˈgɛðər ə səˈlɛkʃən əv ˈsizənəl fri ˈrisɔrsɪz fər ju. iʧ ˈprɑʤɛkt həz ə ˈdɪfɪˌkəlti ˈlɛvəl ɪn laɪn wɪθ ɑr ˈdɪʤɪtəl ˈmeɪkɪŋ kərˈɪkjələm, soʊ ju kən ʧɛk wɪʧ maɪt sut ju bɛst. waɪ nɑt traɪ ðɛm aʊt æt jʊr ˈloʊkəl ˈræzˌbɛri ʤæm, coderdojo*, ər koʊd kləb, æt skul, ər ˈivɪn ɔn ə koʊld deɪ æt hoʊm wɪθ ə bɪg məg əv hɑt ˈʧɔklət? ˈʤæzi ˈʤəmpərz ˈʤæzi ˈʤəmpərz (kriˈeɪtər ˈlɛvəl): ɛz ə ʧaɪld ɪn ðə ˈeɪtiz, ˈɔlˌweɪz gɪt ən ɪmˈbɛrəsɪŋ ənd ˈprɑbəˌbli ˈbædli saɪzd ˈʤæzi ˈʤəmpər æt ˈkrɪsməs frəm səm ˈdɪstənt ˈrɛlətɪv. θæŋk ˈgʊdnɪs ðə trɛnd həz gɔn ˈhɪpstər ənd ˈdrɛdfəl ˈʤəmpərz ər naʊ kul! ðɪs ˈrisɔrs ʃoʊz ju haʊ tɪ bɪld ə ˈmɛməri geɪm ɪn skræʧ wɛr ju məst rɪˈmɛmbər ðə ˈkələr ənd ˈpɪkʧər əv ə ˈʤæzi ˈʤəmpər ˌbiˈfɔr ˈrɛkriˌeɪtɪŋ ɪt. haʊ ˈmɛni ˈʤəmpərz kən ju səkˈsɛsfəli ˈriˌkɔl ɪn ə roʊ? sɛns hæt ˈædˌvɛnt ˈkæləndər sɛns hæt ˈædˌvɛnt ˈkæləndər (ˈbɪldər ˈlɛvəl): pʊt ðə ˈləvli laɪts ɔn jʊr sɛns hæt tɪ ˈfɛstɪv juz baɪ kriˈeɪtɪŋ ən ˈædˌvɛnt ˈkæləndər ju kən ˈoʊpən deɪ baɪ deɪ. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ˈstrɪktli noʊ ˈʧitɪŋ wɪθ ðɪs ˈkæləndər wi tiʧ ju haʊ tɪ juz ˈpaɪθɑn tɪ dɪˈtɛkt ðə ˈkɑrənt deɪt ənd prɪˈvɛnt ˌpriməˈʧʊr peekers*! prɛs ðə ˈɛnər ki tɪ ˈoʊpən dɔr: (noʊt: noʊ ˈʧɔklət wɪl bi dɪˈspɛnst frəm jʊr ˈræzˌbɛri paɪ. ˈsɑri əˈbaʊt ðət.) koʊd ə ˈkɛrəl koʊd ə ˈkɛrəl (dɪˈvɛləpər ˈlɛvəl): hæv ju ˈɛvər ˈnoʊtɪst haʊ məʧ ˌrɛpəˈtɪʃən ðɛr ɪz ɪn ˈkɛrəlz ənd ˈəðər sɔŋz? ðɪs ˈrisɔrs ˈtiʧɪz ju haʊ tɪ breɪk daʊn ðə twɛlv deɪz əv ˈkrɪsməs tun ˈɪntu ɪts kəmˈpoʊnənt pɑrts ənd koʊd ɪt əp ɪn ˈsɑnɪk paɪ ðə ˈleɪzi weɪ: gɪt ðə kəmˈpjutər tɪ du ɔl ðə ˌrɛpəˈtɪʃən fər ju! jʊr ˈbraʊzər dɪz nɑt səˈpɔrt ðə ˈɑdiˌoʊ ˈɛləmənt. noʊ mˈjuzɪkəl ˈnɑlɪʤ rikˈwaɪərd ʤɪst ˈfɑloʊ ɑr lɛd, ənd hæv ˈjɔrsɛlf ə ˈrɑkɪŋ ˈdɔrˌbɛl tun ɪn noʊ taɪm! ˈnɔti ənd nis ˈnɔti ənd nis (ˈmeɪkər ˈlɛvəl): hæv ju bɪn ˈnɔti ər nis? faɪnd aʊt baɪ ˈjuzɪŋ ˈsɛnəmənt æˈnælɪsɪs ɔn jʊr tɪ si wət sɔrt əv θɪŋz bɪn ˈtɔkɪŋ əˈbaʊt θruaʊt ðə jɪr. fər ˈædɪd fən, waɪ nɑt juz jʊr ˈproʊˌgræm ɔn ðə tˈwɪtər əˈkaʊnt əv jʊr ˈnɛməsɪs ənd rɪˈpɔrt ðɛr ˈlɛvəl əv tɪ ˈsænə wɪθ ən ˈmɛnʃən? ɪz pərˈsɛnt nis, wɪθ ən ˈækjərəsi əv wɪθ ðə ˈfɛstɪv ˈsizən ʤɪst əraʊnd ðə ˈkɔrnər, taɪm tɪ gɪt ˈstɑrtɪd ɔn jʊr ˈkrɪsməs ˈprɑʤɛkts! ˈwɛðər ˈplænɪŋ tɪ rən jʊr ˈkrɪsməs laɪts ˈviə ə foʊn æp, ˌɪnˈstɔl ə hoʊm əˈsɪstənt ˌɪnˈsaɪd ən ɛlf ɔn ə ʃɛlf, ər wərk θru ɑr ˈkrɪsməs ˈrisɔrsɪz, wi wʊd laɪk tɪ si wət ju meɪk. soʊ du ʃɛr jʊr ˈfɛstɪv bɪldz wɪθ ˈjuˈɛs ɔn ˈsoʊʃəl ˈmidiə, ər baɪ ˈpoʊstɪŋ lɪŋks ɪn ðə ˈkɑmɛnts.
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it’s never too early for christmas-themed resources — especially when you want to make the most of them in your school, code club or coderdojo! so here’s the ever-wonderful laura sach with an introduction of our newest festive projects.
in the immortal words of noddy holder: “it’s christmaaaaaaasssss!” well, maybe it isn’t quite christmas yet, but since the shops have been playing mariah carey on a loop since the last pumpkin lantern hit the bargain bin, you’re hopefully well prepared.
to get you in the mood with some festive fun, we’ve put together a selection of seasonal free resources for you. each project has a difficulty level in line with our digital making curriculum, so you can check which might suit you best. why not try them out at your local raspberry jam, coderdojo, or code club, at school, or even on a cold day at home with a big mug of hot chocolate?
jazzy jumpers
jazzy jumpers (creator level): as a child in the eighties, you’d always get an embarrassing and probably badly sized jazzy jumper at christmas from some distant relative. thank goodness the trend has gone hipster and dreadful jumpers are now cool!
this resource shows you how to build a memory game in scratch where you must remember the colour and picture of a jazzy jumper before recreating it. how many jumpers can you successfully recall in a row?
sense hat advent calendar
sense hat advent calendar (builder level): put the lovely lights on your sense hat to festive use by creating an advent calendar you can open day by day. however, there’s strictly no cheating with this calendar — we teach you how to use python to detect the current date and prevent would-be premature peekers!
press the enter key to open today’s door:
(note: no chocolate will be dispensed from your raspberry pi. sorry about that.)
code a carol
code a carol (developer level): have you ever noticed how much repetition there is in carols and other songs? this resource teaches you how to break down the twelve days of christmas tune into its component parts and code it up in sonic pi the lazy way: get the computer to do all the repetition for you!
your browser does not support the audio element. no musical knowledge required — just follow our lead, and you’ll have yourself a rocking doorbell tune in no time!
naughty and nice
naughty and nice (maker level): have you been naughty or nice? find out by using sentiment analysis on your tweets to see what sort of things you’ve been talking about throughout the year. for added fun, why not use your program on the twitter account of your sibling/spouse/arch nemesis and report their level of naughtiness to santa with an @ mention?
raspberry_pi is 65.5 percent nice, with an accuracy of 0.9046692607003891
it’s christmaaaaaasssss
with the festive season just around the corner, it’s time to get started on your christmas projects! whether you’re planning to run your christmas lights via a phone app, install a home assistant inside an elf on a shelf, or work through our christmas resources, we would like to see what you make. so do share your festive builds with us on social media, or by posting links in the comments.
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www.astrosociety.org/uitc* noʊ. 33 ˈwɪntər 1996 1996 ˌæstrəˈnɑmɪkəl soʊˈsaɪɪti əv ðə pəˈsɪfɪk, 390 ˈæʃtən ˈævəˌnu, sæn frænˈsɪskoʊ, ˈsiˈeɪ 94112 wət ɪf ðə mun ˈdɪdənt ɪgˈzɪst? tu jɪrz əˈgoʊ, ðə ˈklɛmənˌtin speɪs proʊb snæʧt ðɪs ˈpɪkʧər əv ðə mun ɛz lɪt nɑt baɪ dɪˈrɛkt ˈsənˌlaɪt, bət baɪ rɪˈflɛktɪd ˈsənˌlaɪt frəm ərθ. ðə braɪt ˈkreɪtər nɪr ðə tɔp ɪz tycho*. ˈfoʊˌtoʊ ˈkərtəsi əv ˈneɪvəl ˈrisərʧ ˈlæbrəˌtɔri. baɪ nil ɛf. ˈkoʊmɪnz, ˌjunəˈvərsəti əv meɪn haʊ ˈmɛni taɪmz ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə skul deɪ du ju hir kˈwɛsʧənz əv ðə fɔrm, "wɛl, wət ɪf?'' ˈʤəʤɪŋ frəm maɪ ˈoʊldəst sən, ˈæskɪŋ səʧ kˈwɛsʧənz ɪz ə ˈkɑmən ənd ˈpaʊərfəl tul ðət ˈʧɪldrən juz tɪ ɪkˈsplɔr ˈneɪʧər ənd laɪf. ˈædəlts pleɪ ðə geɪm, tu. ðə ˈoʊnli ˈdɪfərəns ɪz ðət wi ˈgroʊˌnəps du ɪt ˌənˈkɑnʃəsli, ˈhənərdz əv taɪmz ˈɛvəri deɪ. "wət ɪf aɪ doʊnt goʊ ˈʃɑpɪŋ təˈdeɪ?'' "wət ɪf aɪ əkˈsɛpt ðət nu ʤɑb?'' "wət ɪf aɪ lɛt tɑm hæv ðə kɑr təˈnaɪt?'' səʧ kˈwɛsʧənz ɪˈneɪbəl ˈjuˈɛs tɪ ˌrivˈju ɑr ˈɔpʃənz. bɪˈkəz wi ər ˈrɛrli ˈkɑnʃəs əv ˈæskɪŋ, wət ɪf? wi du nɑt meɪk ɛz kəmˈplit juz əv ɑr kənˈkluʒənz ɛz wi wʊd ɪf wi ˈæktɪvli θɔt əˈbaʊt ɑr ˈθɪŋkɪŋ. ɪn 1990 ə ˈkɑlig, ˈdeɪvɪd batuski*, keɪm ˈɪntu maɪ ˈɔfəs ənd əbˈzərvd ðət wi saɪəns ˈɛʤəˌkeɪtərz ər ˈɔlˌweɪz ˈlʊkɪŋ æt ðə wərld frəm ðə seɪm oʊld pərˈspɛktɪvz. aɪ səˈʤɛstɪd ðət wi traɪ tɪ lʊk æt ðə wərld ˈdɪfərˈɛntli. ə ˈdɛfənɪŋ ˈsaɪləns ˈfɑloʊd fər ˈsɛvərəl ˈmɪnəts. ˈæftər ɔl, ɪt teɪks ə waɪl tɪ ˌɪnvənˈtɔri ɔl ðə ˈnɔrməl weɪz wən θɪŋks; traɪɪŋ tɪ faɪnd ɔlˈtərnətɪv vˈjuˌpɔɪnts ɪz ˌɪnˈdid ə ˈʧælənʤ. ənd ðɛn, ˌənɪkˈspɛktɪdli, maɪ sənz kˈwɛsʧənz ˈpərkəˌleɪtəd ˈɪntu maɪ ˈkɑnʃəsnəs. ɪt wɑz ən ɪˈpɪfəni. "ɔl raɪt,'' aɪ sɛd. "wət ɪf ðə mun ˈdɪdənt ɪgˈzɪst? wət wʊd ðə ərθ bi laɪk?'' wi hæd ˈoʊnli ə fju ˈmɪnəts tɪ dɪˈskəs ɪt ˌbiˈfɔr ə ˈstudənt drɑpt baɪ, bət ðət wɑz ɪˈnəf. aɪ wɑz hʊkt. ˈæskɪŋ səʧ kˈwɛsʧənz ənd ˈjuzɪŋ ˈsɑləd ˌsaɪənˈtɪfɪk ˈrizənɪŋ tɪ ˈænsər ðɛm lɛd tɪ ˌɪnˈkrɛdəbəl ˈɪnˌsaɪts əˈbaʊt ðə ˈnæʧərəl wərld. bɪtˈwin 1991 ənd 1993 aɪ roʊt ə ˈsɪriz əv ˈɑrtɪkəlz fər əˈstrɑnəmi ˈmægəˌzin ɪkˈsplɔrɪŋ ə fju ˈdɪfərənt ˈʧeɪnʤɪz ɪn ərθs ˌæstrəˈnɑmɪkəl ɪnˈvaɪrənmənt ənd ðə ˈlaɪkli rɪˈzəlts əv ðoʊz ˈʧeɪnʤɪz. ðiz ˈɑrtɪkəlz lɛd tɪ ðə ˌpəblɪˈkeɪʃən əv maɪ bʊk wət ɪf ðə mun ˈdɪdənt ɪgˈzɪst? ˈvɔɪɪʤɪz tɪ ərθs ðət maɪt hæv bɪn (nu jɔrk: ˈhɑrpərˈkɔlɪnz, 1993 haʊ kən kˈwɛsʧənz bɪˈkəm ə ˈkætəˌlɪst fər ˌsaɪənˈtɪfɪk ˌdɪˈskəvri ɪn ðə ˈklæsˌrum? ɪn wət ˈfɑloʊz, aɪ ˈprɛzənt ə ˈsæmpəl sɪˈnɛrioʊ, səm ˈtɪpɪkəl ˈstudənt rɪˈspɑnsɪz, ənd ə ˌsaɪənˈtɪfɪk æˈnælɪsɪs. hoʊm əˈloʊn aʊt wɪθ ðə taɪd ˈtaɪdəl weɪvz wərs ˈsərfɪŋ hoʊm əˈloʊn ɪn iʧ sɪˈnɛrioʊ, aɪ meɪk wən ʧeɪnʤ ɪn ərθs ɪnˈvaɪrənmənt ənd ðɛn kənˈsɪdər ðə ˌɪmpləˈkeɪʃənz əv ðət ʧeɪnʤ. ɪn ðɪs ɪgˈzæmpəl, aɪ fɔrm ə wərld aɪˈdɛntɪkəl tɪ ərθ ɪkˈsɛpt ðət ɪt ˈnɛvər əkˈwaɪərd ə mun. aɪ kɔl ðə nu wərld ˈsoʊlən tɪ ˈɛmfəˌsaɪz ɪts ˈsoʊˌloʊ ɪgˈzɪstəns. tɪ ˌəndərˈstænd haʊ ˈsoʊlən wʊd ˈdɪfər frəm ərθ, wi nid tɪ noʊ haʊ ðə mun ɪz əˈfɛktɪŋ ərθ təˈdeɪ ənd, ˈwərkɪŋ bæk ɪn taɪm, dɪˈdus ɪts ˈifɛkts ˈoʊvər ðə ərθs ˈlaɪfˌtaɪm. ðə moʊst ˈɑbviəs ˈifɛkt ðət ðə mun həz ɔn ərθ ɪz tɪ ˈproʊdus taɪdz (si ˈfɪgjər 1 taɪdz doʊnt ʤɪst lɪft boʊts ənd ənˈkəvər klæm flæts; ðeɪ hæv kɔzd proʊˈfaʊnd ˈʧeɪnʤɪz tɪ ɑr wərld. ˈfɪgjər 1 ˈwɑʧɪŋ ðə taɪdz roʊl əˈweɪ. ðiz ˈpɪkʧərz ʃoʊ loʊ (raɪt) ənd haɪ (lɛft) taɪdz æt bɑr ˈhɑrbər, meɪn. ðə taɪdz ər wən əv ðə moʊst ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt weɪz ðət ðə mun əˈfɛkts laɪf ɔn ərθ. ðeɪ ər ðə rɪˈzəlt əv ðə fækt ðət ðə munz ˌgrævɪˈteɪʃənəl pʊl dɪz nɑt əˈfɛkt ɔl pɑrts əv ərθ ˈikwəli: ðə ˈlunər ˈgrævɪti ɪgˈzərts ə ˈstrɔŋgər pʊl ɔn ðə pɑrts əv ərθ ðət ər ˈkloʊzər tɪ ðə mun. ðɪs təgz ðə ˈoʊʃənz ˈɛvər soʊ sˈlaɪtli təˈwɔrd ðə mun. ðə ˈifɛkt ɪz smɔl ɪt lɪfts ðə ˈsərfəs əv ðə ˈoʊʃən baɪ lɛs ðən 1 ˈmitər bət ɪˈnəf tɪ kriˈeɪt ə weɪv ðət ˈtrævəlz əraʊnd ðə gloʊb ɛz ərθ ˈroʊˌteɪts. ɛz ðɪs weɪv ˈɛnərz ˈʃæloʊ ˈkoʊstəl ˈwɔtərz, ɪt ˌɪnˈkrisɪz ɪn saɪz. ˈfoʊˌtoʊz ˈkərtəsi əv ʤɑn nɛf, ˌjunəˈvərsəti əv ˈaɪəwə. taɪdz əˈkər bɪˈkəz ðə ˌgrævɪˈteɪʃənəl fɔrs bɪtˈwin tu ˈbɑdiz ˈdiˌkrisɪz wɪθ ˈdɪstəns. ˌgrævɪˈteɪʃən ɪz ðə ˌjunəˈvərsəl fɔrs əv əˈtrækʃən bɪtˈwin ɔl ˈmætər. ɪt hoʊldz ˌæstrəˈnɑmɪkəl ˈbɑdiz təˈgɛðər ənd əˈtrækts ˈdɪfərənt ˈbɑdiz təˈwɔrd iʧ ˈəðər. bɪˈkəz ˈgrævɪti təgz ɔn ˈnɪrˈbaɪ θɪŋz mɔr ˈstrɔŋli ðən ɔn ˈdɪstənt θɪŋz, ðə ˈoʊʃənz ˈkloʊsəst tɪ ðə mun fil ðə ˈgreɪtəst əˈtrækʃən tɪ ðə mun. biɪŋ fluɪd, ðiz ˈnɪrˈbaɪ ˈoʊʃənz muv ˈəpwərd ɪn rɪˈspɑns tɪ ðə munz pʊl, ənˈtɪl ðɛr ɪz ə ˈbæləns bɪtˈwin ðə ˈəpwərd fɔrs frəm ðə mun ənd ðə ˈdaʊnwərd fɔrs frəm ərθ. ðə haɪ taɪd ɔn ðə fɑr saɪd əv ðə ərθ əˈkərz bɪˈkəz ðiz moʊst ˈdɪstənt ˈoʊʃənz fil ðə list əˈtrækʃən tɪ ðə mun. ɪn ˈɛsəns, ðeɪ ər lɛft bɪˈhaɪnd ɛz ðə mun pʊlz ðə ˈəðər pɑrts əv ərθ təˈwɔrd ˌɪtˈsɛlf wɪθ ˈgreɪtər fɔrs. ɪn 1897 ʤɔrʤ ˈdɑrwɪn, sən əv ˈʧɑrəlz, səˈʤɛstɪd ðət taɪdz ər ˈkɔzɪŋ ðə mun tɪ ˈspaɪrəl əˈweɪ frəm ˈjuˈɛs. hɪz haɪˈpɑθəsəs wɑz kənˈfərmd ɪn 1969 ˈæftər ðə əˈpɑloʊ 12 ˈæstrəˌnɔts pleɪst ˈkɔrnər rɪˈflɛktərz (laɪk ðə rɛd ənd ˈɔrɪnʤ wənz ɔn ə kɑr) ɔn ðə mun. baɪ ˈfaɪərrɪŋ ˈleɪzərz frəm ərθ tɪ ðə mun, ɔf ðə ˈkɔrnər rɪˈflɛktərz, ənd bæk əˈgɛn, əˈstrɑnəmərz ˈmɛʒərd ðə taɪm ənd, hɛns, ðə ˈdɪstəns tɪ ðə mun. rɪˈpitɪŋ ðə ɪkˈspɛrəmənt ˈoʊvər ˈsɛvərəl jɪrz, ðeɪ kənˈfərmd ˈdɑrwɪnz priˈdɪkʃən. ðə mun ɪz rɪˈsidɪŋ æt 2 ˈɪnʧɪz pər jɪr. tɪ ˌəndərˈstænd waɪ ðə mun ɪz fliɪŋ frəm ˈjuˈɛs, ˌɪˈmæʤən fər ə ˈmoʊmənt ðət ˈniðər ərθ nɔr mun ˈroʊˌteɪtɪd ənd ðət ðə sənz ˈtaɪdəl ˈifɛkt kʊd bi ˌɪgˈnɔrd. ɪn ðɪs keɪs, wən əv ðə tu haɪ ˈoʊʃən taɪdz wʊd bi dɪˈrɛkli bɪtˈwin ərθ ənd mun, waɪl ðə ˈəðər wʊd bi ɔn ðə ˈɑpəzɪt saɪd əv ərθ frəm ðə mun (si ˈfɪgjər 2a*). ˈfɪgjər 2 ən ˈæstrəˌnɑts vju əv ˈoʊʃən taɪdz. ðɪs ɪz ə vju əv ðə taɪdz ɛz ju maɪt si ðɛm ɪf ju kʊd flaɪ haɪ ɪˈnəf əˈbəv ərθ ənd mun. ðə ˌgrævɪˈteɪʃənəl pʊl əv ðə mun ˈkɔzɪz ðə ˈoʊʃənz tɪ bi sˈlaɪtli non-spherical*, kriˈeɪtɪŋ tu haɪ taɪdz ənd tu loʊ taɪdz. əv kɔrs, ðə ˈækʧəwəl taɪdz wʊd bi məʧ sˈmɔlər ðən ʃoʊn ɪn ðiz tu ˈdaɪəˌgræmz. səˈpoʊz, fər ðə ˈmoʊmənt, ðət ərθ dɪd nɑt ˈroʊˌteɪt (ə). ɪn ðɪs keɪs, ðə tu haɪ taɪdz wʊd laɪ ɔn ðə streɪt laɪn frəm ðə ˈsɛnər əv ðə mun tɪ ðə ˈsɛnər əv ərθ. ðə ˌgrævɪˈteɪʃənəl fɔrs wʊd bi dɪˈrɛkli frəm ðə ˈsɛnər əv ðə mun tɪ ðə ˈsɛnər əv ərθ. naʊ teɪk ə lʊk æt wət ˈhæpənz ɔn ðə ˈroʊˌteɪtɪŋ ərθ (bi). bɪˈkəz ərθ ˈroʊˌteɪts ˈfæstər (wəns ˈɛvəri 24 aʊərz) ðən ðə mun riˈvɑlvz (wəns ˈɛvəri 29 deɪz), ðə haɪ taɪdz ər nɑt əˈlaɪnd ɛz əˈbəv. ˌɪnˈstɛd, ðə roʊˈteɪʃən pʊlz ðə taɪdz əraʊnd, soʊ ðət ðə haɪ taɪd ˈkloʊsəst tɪ ðə mun ˈaʊtˌpeɪsɪz ðə mun. ðɪs ˈnɪrər haɪ taɪd ɪgˈzərts ə ˌgrævɪˈteɪʃənəl fɔrs ɔn ðə mun, ˈkɔzɪŋ ðə mun tɪ ˈspaɪrəl ˈaʊtwərd. ɪn rɪˈtərn, ðə mun ɪgˈzərts ə ˌgrævɪˈteɪʃənəl fɔrs ɔn ðə haɪ taɪd, ˈkɔzɪŋ ərθ tɪ ˈroʊˌteɪt sloʊər. ˈdaɪəˌgræm baɪ kæθˈlin ɛl. ˈbleɪksli. naʊ æd bæk ðə ərθs roʊˈteɪʃən. ərθ ˈroʊˌteɪts ɪn ðə seɪm dɪˈrɛkʃɪn ðət ðə mun ˈɔrbəts, bət ərθ spɪnz məʧ ˈfæstər (wəns ə deɪ) ðən ðə mun goʊz əraʊnd ɪt (ˈɛvəri 29 deɪz). ðə ˈræpɪd roʊˈteɪʃən ˈkɔzɪz ðə haɪ taɪd tɪ bi pʊld sˈlaɪtli əˈhɛd əv ðə mun (si ˈfɪgjər 2b*). ðɪs taɪd gɪvz ərθ ə ˈhændəl tɪ kræŋk əp ðə munz ˈɔrbət. ðə haɪ taɪd pʊlz ðə mun ˈfɔrwərd ɪn ɪts ˈɔrbət, ˈkɔzɪŋ ðə mun tɪ ækˈsɛlərˌeɪt ənd, ˈðɛrˌfɔr, tɪ ˈspaɪrəl əˈweɪ. 1 2 3 nɛkst peɪʤ
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www.astrosociety.org/uitc
no. 33 - winter 1996
© 1996, astronomical society of the pacific, 390 ashton avenue, san francisco, ca 94112.
what if the moon didn't exist?
two years ago, the clementine space probe snatched this picture of the moon as lit not by direct sunlight, but by reflected sunlight from earth. the bright crater near the top is tycho. photo courtesy of naval research laboratory.
by neil f. comins, university of maine
how many times during the school day do you hear questions of the form, "well, what if?'' judging from my oldest son, asking such questions is a common and powerful tool that children use to explore nature and life. adults play the what-if game, too. the only difference is that we grown-ups do it unconsciously, hundreds of times every day. "what if i don't go shopping today?'' "what if i accept that new job?'' "what if i let tom have the car tonight?'' such questions enable us to review our options. because we are rarely conscious of asking, what if? we do not make as complete use of our conclusions as we would if we actively thought about our thinking.
in 1990, a colleague, david batuski, came into my office and observed that we science educators are always looking at the world from the same old perspectives. i suggested that we try to look at the world differently. a deafening silence followed for several minutes. after all, it takes a while to inventory all the normal ways one thinks; trying to find alternative viewpoints is indeed a challenge. and then, unexpectedly, my son's what-if questions percolated into my consciousness. it was an epiphany.
"all right,'' i said. "what if the moon didn't exist? what would the earth be like?'' we had only a few minutes to discuss it before a student dropped by, but that was enough. i was hooked. asking such questions and using solid scientific reasoning to answer them lead to incredible insights about the natural world. between 1991 and 1993, i wrote a series of articles for astronomy magazine exploring a few different changes in earth's astronomical environment and the likely results of those changes. these articles led to the publication of my book what if the moon didn't exist? voyages to earths that might have been (new york: harpercollins, 1993).
how can what-if questions become a catalyst for scientific discovery in the classroom? in what follows, i present a sample scenario, some typical student responses, and a scientific analysis.
home alone
out with the tide
tidal waves
worse surfing
home alone
in each what-if scenario, i make one change in earth's environment and then consider the implications of that change. in this example, i form a world identical to earth -- except that it never acquired a moon. i call the new world solon to emphasize its solo existence. to understand how solon would differ from earth, we need to know how the moon is affecting earth today and, working back in time, deduce its effects over the earth's lifetime. the most obvious effect that the moon has on earth is to produce tides (see figure 1). tides don't just lift boats and uncover clam flats; they have caused profound changes to our world.
figure 1
watching the tides roll away. these pictures show low (right) and high (left) tides at bar harbor, maine. the tides are one of the most important ways that the moon affects life on earth. they are the result of the fact that the moon's gravitational pull does not affect all parts of earth equally: the lunar gravity exerts a stronger pull on the parts of earth that are closer to the moon. this tugs the oceans ever so slightly toward the moon. the effect is small -- it lifts the surface of the ocean by less than 1 meter -- but enough to create a wave that travels around the globe as earth rotates. as this wave enters shallow coastal waters, it increases in size. photos courtesy of john neff, university of iowa.
tides occur because the gravitational force between two bodies decreases with distance. gravitation is the universal force of attraction between all matter. it holds astronomical bodies together and attracts different bodies toward each other. because gravity tugs on nearby things more strongly than on distant things, the oceans closest to the moon feel the greatest attraction to the moon. being fluid, these nearby oceans move upward in response to the moon's pull, until there is a balance between the upward force from the moon and the downward force from earth. the high tide on the far side of the earth occurs because these most distant oceans feel the least attraction to the moon. in essence, they are left behind as the moon pulls the other parts of earth toward itself with greater force.
in 1897 george darwin, son of charles, suggested that tides are causing the moon to spiral away from us. his hypothesis was confirmed in 1969 after the apollo 12 astronauts placed corner reflectors (like the red and orange ones on a car) on the moon. by firing lasers from earth to the moon, off the corner reflectors, and back again, astronomers measured the round-trip time and, hence, the distance to the moon. repeating the experiment over several years, they confirmed darwin's prediction. the moon is receding at 2 inches per year.
to understand why the moon is fleeing from us, imagine for a moment that neither earth nor moon rotated and that the sun's tidal effect could be ignored. in this case, one of the two high ocean tides would be directly between earth and moon, while the other would be on the opposite side of earth from the moon (see figure 2a).
figure 2 an astronaut's view of ocean tides. this is a much-exaggerated view of the tides as you might see them if you could fly high enough above earth and moon. the imbalanced gravitational pull of the moon causes the oceans to be slightly non-spherical, creating two high tides and two low tides. of course, the actual tides would be much smaller than shown in these two diagrams. suppose, for the moment, that earth did not rotate (a). in this case, the two high tides would lie on the straight line from the center of the moon to the center of earth. the gravitational force would be directly from the center of the moon to the center of earth. now take a look at what happens on the rotating earth (b). because earth rotates faster (once every 24 hours) than the moon revolves (once every 29 days), the high tides are not aligned as above. instead, the rotation pulls the tides around, so that the high tide closest to the moon outpaces the moon. this nearer high tide exerts a gravitational force on the moon, causing the moon to spiral outward. in return, the moon exerts a gravitational force on the high tide, causing earth to rotate slower. diagram by kathleen l. blakeslee.
now add back the earth's rotation. earth rotates in the same direction that the moon orbits, but earth spins much faster (once a day) than the moon goes around it (every 29 days). the rapid rotation causes the high tide to be pulled slightly ahead of the moon (see figure 2b). this tide gives earth a handle to crank up the moon's orbit. the high tide pulls the moon forward in its orbit, causing the moon to accelerate and, therefore, to spiral away.
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ˈɪmɪʤ ˈkɑpiˌraɪt pɑ ˈɪmɪʤ ˈkæpʃən væn dɛn fərst rɪkˈwɛstɪd ˌjuθəˈneɪʒə ɪn 2011 ə ˈbɛlʤən mæn ˈsərvɪŋ ə laɪf ˈsɛntəns fər reɪp ənd ˈmərdər wɪl bi əˈlaʊd tɪ hæv ˈdɑktərz ɛnd hɪz laɪf, ˈæftər ə ˈlændˌmɑrk ˈrulɪŋ. əˈneɪbəl tɪ kənˈtroʊl hɪz ˈvaɪələnt ˈsɛkʃuəl ˈərʤɪz, fræŋk væn dɛn, hu ɪz 50 ˈɑrgjud hi wʊd ˈnɛvər bi frid. ðə dɪˈsɪʒən ˈfɑloʊz ə θˈriˌjɪr ˈligəl ˈbætəl baɪ ðə ˈprɪzənər, hu wɑz kənˈvɪktəd ɪn ðə 1980s*. ðə ˈrulɪŋ ɪz ðə fərst ˌɪnˈvɑlvɪŋ ə ˈprɪzənər sɪns ðə əˈsɪstɪd daɪɪŋ lɔ wɑz ˌɪntrəˈdust ɪn ˈbɛlʤəm 12 jɪrz əˈgoʊ. væn dɛn wɪl sun bi ˈtrænsfərd tɪ ə ˈhɑˌspɪtəl wɛr ðə ˈmɛdɪkəl prəˈsiʤər wɪl teɪk pleɪs, hɪz ˈlɔjərz toʊld rɪˈpɔrtərz. "bət aɪ ˈkænɑt seɪ wɪn ər wɛr ðət wɪl ˈhæpən," ʤoʊz ˈvændər ˈædɪd. daɪ 'wɪθ ˈdɪgnəti' væn dɛn fərst rɪkˈwɛstɪd ˌjuθəˈneɪʒə ɪn 2011 ˈsaɪtɪŋ "ənˈbɛrəbəl ˌsaɪkəˈlɑʤɪkəl ˈæŋgwɪʃ", bət ˈbɛlʤəmz ˈfɛdərəl ˌjuθəˈneɪʒə kəˈmɪʃən ˈwɔntɪd tɪ kənˈsɪdər ˈɛvəri ˈpɑsəbəl ˈtritmənt ˈɔpʃən, ˌbiˈfɔr kənˈsɛnɪŋ tɪ səʧ ə ˈmɛʒər. pɪrz ˈskoʊlˌfild, ˌbibiˈsi nuz, ˈbrəsəlz ðə ˈnəmbər əv ˌjuθəˈneɪʒə ˈkeɪsɪz ɪn ˈbɛlʤəm həz ˈgræʤuəli ˈrɪzən iʧ jɪr sɪns ðə lɔ wɑz fərst ˌɪntrəˈdust ɪn 2002 ənd moʊst ər naʊ ˌənˌkɑntrəˈvərʃəl, kənˈsərnɪŋ ˈoʊldər, ˈtərmənəli ɪl ˈpipəl. bət nu graʊnd həz bɪn ˈbroʊkən ˈsɛvərəl taɪmz ˈrisəntli, ənd ðə ˌlɛʤəsˈleɪʃən ɪz nɑt wɪˈθaʊt ɪts ˈkrɪtɪks. ɪn ˈʤænjuˌɛri 2013 ˈbɛlʤən ˈmidiə ˌriˈpɔrtəd ðə dɛθs əv mɑrk ənd ˈɛdi aɪˈdɛntɪkəl twɪnz hu wər dɛf ənd æst fər ˌjuθəˈneɪʒə ˈæftər ˈfaɪndɪŋ aʊt ðət ðeɪ wʊd goʊ blaɪnd ɛz ə rɪˈzəlt əv ə ʤəˈnɛtɪk dɪˈsɔrdər. ɪn ə keɪs wɪʧ rɪˈsivd lɛs ˈkəvərɪʤ, ˈneɪθən daɪd læst ɑkˈtoʊbər. hi wɑz ə trænˈsɛkʃjuəl ənd æst tɪ daɪ ˈæftər ˈsɛvərəl feɪld ˌɑpərˈeɪʃənz. ˈbɛlʤən ˈsɛnətər ɛlz væn huf kɔld ðiz ˈkeɪsɪz ˈdipli ˈtrəbəlɪŋ. ʃi wɑz ɔn ðə ˈluzɪŋ saɪd əv ə voʊt ˈərli ðɪs jɪr, wɪn ðə ˈbɛlʤən ˈsɛnɪt əˈpruvd ə bɪl ˈlɪftɪŋ ɔl eɪʤ riˈstrɪkʃənz ɔn ˌjuθəˈneɪʒə bət ʃi ənd ˈəðərz dɪd ˈmænɪʤ tɪ ˈɔltər ðə lɔ tɪ əˈplaɪ ˈoʊnli tɪ ˈʧɪldrən hu wər ˈtərmənəli ɪl. səˈpɔrtərz hæv kɔld ˌjuθəˈneɪʒə ðə "ˈəltəmət ˈʤɛsʧər əv juˈmænɪti". ˈkrɪtɪks səʧ ɛz mɪz væn huf seɪ haʊ ðə lɔ ɪz ˌɪnˈtərprətəd kʊd lɛd tɪ ə sˈlɪpəri sloʊp ənd ˈmɪstər væn dɛn keɪs ə ˈprɪzənər, nɑt ˈtərmənəli ɪl bət əˈpɛrəntli ɪn ˈpərmɑˌnɛnt ˌsaɪkəˈlɑʤɪkəl peɪn maɪt wɛl lɛd tɪ ˈfərðər ˈkrɪtɪˌsɪzəm. ðə ˌjʊrəˈpiən kɔrt əv ˈjumən raɪts həz ˈbɛlʤəm ˈsɛvərəl taɪmz fər ɪts ˈfeɪljər tɪ ˈprɑpərli trit ˈmɛnəli ɪl ˈprɪzənərz, ðə ˌbibiˈsis pɪrz ˈskoʊlˌfild rɪˈpɔrts. ˈɪmɪʤ ˈkæpʃən ðə ˈbɛlʤən ˈpɑrləmɛnt ˌjuθəˈneɪʒə ɪn 2002 ðə ˈsɛkənd ˈkəntri ɪn ðə wərld tɪ du ˈbɛlʤəmz ˌjuθəˈneɪʒə lɔz hɪt ðə ˈhɛˌdlaɪnz ˈərliər ðɪs jɪr wɪn ðeɪ wər ɪkˈstɛndɪd tɪ ˈkəvər ˈʧɪldrən hu ər ˈtərmənəli ɪl.
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image copyright pa image caption van den bleeken first requested euthanasia in 2011
a belgian man serving a life sentence for rape and murder will be allowed to have doctors end his life, after a landmark ruling.
unable to control his violent sexual urges, frank van den bleeken, who is 50, argued he would never be freed.
the decision follows a three-year legal battle by the prisoner, who was convicted in the 1980s.
the ruling is the first involving a prisoner since the assisted dying law was introduced in belgium 12 years ago.
van den bleeken will soon be transferred to a hospital where the medical procedure will take place, his lawyers told reporters.
"but i cannot say when or where that will happen," jos vander velpen added.
die 'with dignity'
van den bleeken first requested euthanasia in 2011, citing "unbearable psychological anguish", but belgium's federal euthanasia commission wanted to consider every possible treatment option, before consenting to such a measure.
piers scholfield, bbc news, brussels
the number of euthanasia cases in belgium has gradually risen each year since the law was first introduced in 2002 - and most are now uncontroversial, concerning older, terminally ill people. but new ground has been broken several times recently, and the legislation is not without its critics.
in january 2013, belgian media reported the deaths of marc and eddy verbessem - 45-year-old identical twins who were deaf and asked for euthanasia after finding out that they would go blind as a result of a genetic disorder.
in a case which received less coverage, nathan verhelst died last october. he was a transsexual and asked to die after several failed sex-change operations.
belgian senator els van hoof called these cases deeply troubling. she was on the losing side of a vote early this year, when the belgian senate approved a bill lifting all age restrictions on euthanasia - but she and others did manage to alter the law to apply only to children who were terminally ill.
supporters have called euthanasia the "ultimate gesture of humanity". critics such as ms van hoof say how the law is interpreted could lead to a slippery slope - and mr van den bleeken's case - a prisoner, not terminally ill but apparently in permanent psychological pain - might well lead to further criticism.
the european court of human rights has criticised belgium several times for its failure to properly treat mentally ill prisoners, the bbc's piers scholfield reports.
image caption the belgian parliament legalised euthanasia in 2002, the second country in the world to do
belgium's euthanasia laws hit the headlines earlier this year when they were extended to cover children who are terminally ill.
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ˈgɛti ˈɪmɪʤɪz tu mənθs əˈgoʊ, maɪk wɑz kət frəm ðə cardinals’*’ ˈpræktɪs skwɑd, ənd ðət ˈizəli kʊd hæv bɪn ðə ɛnd əv hɪz ˈɛˌnɛˈfɛl kərɪr. ə 2013 pɪk əv ðə ˈdɑlfənz, hi hæd bɪn kət baɪ maɪˈæmi ɪn sɛpˈtɛmbər ənd ðɛn kət baɪ ˌɛrɪˈzoʊnə ɪn ɑkˈtoʊbər. wɪn kət twaɪs ɪn tu mənθs, ˈsəmˌtaɪmz ðə ɛnd. bət ɪn noʊˈvɛmbər, wɪn ðə bɪlz hæd ə ræʃ əv ˈrənɪŋ bæk ˈɪnʤəriz, ðeɪ geɪv ə kɔl. ənd ɔl dən sɪns ðɛn ɪz pʊt təˈgɛðər wən əv ðə moʊst spɛkˈtækjələr pərˈfɔrmənsɪz əv ˈɛni pleɪər ɪn ðə ɪnˈtaɪər lig ˈoʊvər ðə læst θri wiks. ɪn wik 14 əˈgɛnst ðə ˈigəlz, hæd θri ˈkɛriz, ənd wən əv ðɛm wɑz ə ˈtəʧˌdaʊn. ɪn wik 15 əˈgɛnst ˈwɔʃɪŋtən, hæd fɔr ˈkɛriz, ənd wən əv ðɛm wɑz ə ˈtəʧˌdaʊn. ɪn wik 16 əˈgɛnst ðə ˈkaʊˌbɔɪz, hæd naɪn ˈkɛriz, ənd wən əv ðɛm wɑz ə ˈtəʧˌdaʊn. həz 23 ˈkɛriz fər 239 jɑrdz ðɪs ˈsizən, ən ˈævərɪʤ əv jɑrdz ə ˈkɛri. ɪf hi kips ðɪs əp ɔn ˈsənˌdi əˈgɛnst ðə ʤɛts, bi ðə fərst pleɪər ɪn ˈɛˌnɛˈfɛl ˈhɪstəri tɪ ˈfɪnɪʃ ə ˈsizən wɪθ mɔr ðən 20 ˈkɛriz ənd ən ˈævərɪʤ əv mɔr ðən 10 jɑrdz ə ˈkɛri. sɛd hi wɑz ˈnɛvər daʊn ɔn hɪmˈsɛlf, ˈivɪn wɪn hi wɑz kət ənd aʊt əv wərk, ənd hi ˈfɪgjərd pleɪ wɛl ɪf ˈɛvər ˈgɪvɪn ðə ʧæns. ˈɔlˌweɪz hæd ðɪs ˈkɑnfədɛns, ɪt wɑz ðə ˈmætər əv ˌɑpərˈtunəti ənd ðə bɪlz geɪv mi ə hɛl əv ən opportunity,”*,” sɛd. ˈteɪkɪŋ ædˈvæntɪʤ əv it.”*.” wɪθ boʊθ ənd ˈrʊki ˈwɪljəmz pleɪɪŋ ˈvɛri wɛl bɪˈhaɪnd məˈkɔɪ ɔn ðə dɛpθ ʧɑrt, ðə bɪlz naʊ hæv ən ɪmˈbɛrəsmənt əv ˈrɪʧɪz æt ˈrənɪŋ bæk. ðə bills’*’ dɪˈfɛns həz bɪn ə juʤ ˌdɪsəˈpɔɪntmənt ɪn rɛks fərst ˈsizən ɪn ˈbəfəˌloʊ, bət ðɛr ər ˈrizənz tɪ bi ˌɑptɪˈmɪstɪk əˈbaʊt ðə fˈjuʧər əv ðə bills’*’ əˈfɛns.
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getty images
two months ago, mike gillislee was cut from the cardinals’ practice squad, and that easily could have been the end of his nfl career. a 2013 fifth-round pick of the dolphins, he had been cut by miami in september and then cut by arizona in october. when you’re cut twice in two months, sometimes that’s the end.
but in november, when the bills had a rash of running back injuries, they gave gillislee a call. and all he’s done since then is put together one of the most spectacular performances of any player in the entire league over the last three weeks.
in week 14 against the eagles, gillislee had three carries, and one of them was a 19-yard touchdown. in week 15 against washington, gillislee had four carries, and one of them was a 60-yard touchdown. in week 16 against the cowboys, gillislee had nine carries, and one of them was a 50-yard touchdown. gillislee has 23 carries for 239 yards this season, an average of 10.4 yards a carry. if he keeps this up on sunday against the jets, he’ll be the first player in nfl history to finish a season with more than 20 carries and an average of more than 10 yards a carry.
gillislee said he was never down on himself, even when he was cut and out of work, and he figured he’d play well if ever given the chance.
“i’ve always had this confidence, it was the matter of opportunity and the bills gave me a hell of an opportunity,” gillislee said.i’m taking advantage of it.”
with both gillislee and rookie karlos williams playing very well behind lesean mccoy on the depth chart, the bills now have an embarrassment of riches at running back. the bills’ defense has been a huge disappointment in rex ryan’s first season in buffalo, but there are reasons to be optimistic about the future of the bills’ offense.
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ɔn ʤun 3 ðə nu jɔrk dɪˈpɑrtmənt əv ˌfaɪˈnænʃəl ˈsərvɪsɪz ˈɪʃud ɪts ˈfaɪnəl ˈvərʧuəl ˈkərənsi ˈlaɪsəns rul ˈæftər ˈnɪrli tu jɪrz əv dəˈbeɪt ənd ˈfidˌbæk. ˈɔgəst 8 ˈtiˈeɪʧ 2015 ˈɛndɪd ðə 45 deɪ greɪs ˈpɪriəd əˈlɑtɪd fər ˌɑpərˈeɪʃənz rɪˈleɪtɪd tɪ trænˈzækʃənz ˌɪnˈvɑlvɪŋ ˈɛni fɔrm əv ˈdɪʤɪtəl ˈkərənsi tɪ ˈɔpərˌeɪt wɪˈθaʊt ə ˈlaɪsəns. ə ˈlaɪsəns, ðə, ɪz rikˈwaɪərd fər ˈɛni ˌɪndəˈvɪʤəwəl, ər ˈbɪznɪs, tɪ ˈkɑndəkt ˈɛni fɔrm əv ˈbɪznɪs ækˈtɪvɪti wɪθ nu jɔrk steɪt ər ə ˈrɛzɪdənt əv, ər ˈbɪznɪs wɪˈθɪn ðə ˌʤʊrɪsˈdɪkʃən əv, ðə steɪt əv nu jɔrk, ɪn ðə steɪt əv nu jɔrk, frəm ˈɛni ˈəðər steɪt ɪn ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts, ər frəm ˈɛni ˈəðər ˈkəntri ɪn ðə wərld, ɛz dɪˈfaɪnd baɪ ðə ˌrɛgjəˈleɪʃənz əv 23 200 ɪn fʊl ˈifɛkt ɛz əv ˈɔgəst 9 ˈtiˈeɪʧ 2015 ðə tɔp tɛn ðə ˌæpləˈkeɪʃən ɪz 31 ˈpeɪʤɪz, rikˈwaɪərz əˈdɪʃənəl ˈdɑkjəmənts, səm ðət wɪl əˈkru əˈdɪʃənəl kɔsts, ənd məst bi kəmˈplitɪd ɪn ɪts ɪnˈtaɪərti æt ðə rɪsk əv ˈfɔrfəʧər əv ðə rikˈwaɪərd ˌæpləˈkeɪʃən fi. ˌɪnkəmˈplit ˌæpləˈkeɪʃənz ər rɪˈtərnd wɪθ ən ˈaɪtəˌmaɪzd lɪst əv ˈnɛsəˌsɛri ˈdɑkjəmənts ˈəðər məˈtɪriəlz, rikˈwaɪərd tɪ bi kənˈsɪdərd ə kəmˈplitɪd ˌæpləˈkeɪʃən. wət wɪl nɑt bi rɪˈtərn ɪz ðə smackers*. moʊst əv ˈjuˈɛs hæv hərd əˈbaʊt ðɪs ˈlɛʤənˌdɛri, nɑnrɪˈfəndəbəl, ˌæpləˈkeɪʃən fi. ðæts ˈnəθɪŋ kəmˈpɛrd tɪ ðə ˈəðər ˈhɪdən ʤɛmz ɪn ðɪs ˈdɑkjəmɛnt. hir ər ðə ril "gotcha's*", ˈdeɪvɪd ˈlɛtərmən staɪl. ðə 10 moʊst rɪˈdɪkjələs "gotcha's*" ɪn ðə ˌæpləˈkeɪʃən. 10 ðə nɑnrɪˈfəndəbəl fi. ðɪs ɪz aʊt əv riʧ fər ə lɔt əv ˈstɑrˈtəps, bət ɪts ə bæd ʤoʊk, bɪˈkəz ðɪs ɪz ˈrɪli ðə list əv ðɛr ˈwəriz, biɪŋ wən əv ðə lɛs ɪkˈspɛnsɪv θɪŋz əˈbaʊt ðə 9 15 jɪrz əv wərk ˈhɪstəri! wət əˈbaʊt ˈpipəl hu ər ˌɪndɪˈpɛndəntli ˈwɛlθi ənd ˈhævənt dən ə dæm θɪŋ? wət əˈbaʊt ˈpipəl hu hæv ˈoʊnli wərkt fər jɪrz soʊ fɑr? ˈɔlˌmoʊst ɛz rɪˈdɪkjələs ɛz bɪg ˈbrəðər 8 8 pərˈmɪʃən tɪ ˈkɑnˌtækt ˈɛvəri ˈkəmpəˌni juv ˈɛvər wərkt fər! yeppers*! ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ˈmɪstər. məkˈdɑnəldz ˈmænɪʤər, wɛr ju meɪ hæv wərkt ɪn haɪ skul, lɛts hoʊp ju ˈdɪdənt pɪs ɪm ɔf, hi maɪt stɪl bi ðɛr! ðɛrz ˈɔlsoʊ ə "kɪs jʊr ˈpraɪvəsi ˌgʊdˈbaɪ" fɔrm ðət məst bi saɪnd, ˈsteɪtɪŋ ðət ðə kən goʊ æsk ˈɛni kˈwɛʃən ðeɪ wɔnt tɪ ənd əkˈwaɪər ˈɛvəri ˈʤusi ˈditeɪl əˈbaʊt ˈɛni pəˈzɪʃən ju hɛld æt ˈɛni ˈkəmpəˌni fər ðə læst 15 jɪrz. kəmˈplit ˌɛʤəˈkeɪʃənəl ˈhɪstəri ɪz rikˈwaɪərd ɛz wɛl. 7 10 jɪrz əv kɔrt ˈrɛkərdz ɪn ˈɛvəri ˈkaʊnti juv ˈɛvər lɪvd! nɑt ʤɪst jʊr ˈrɛkərdz, ɔl əv ðɛm ˈɛvəri ˈsɪŋgəl skræp əv kɔrt ˈrɛkərdz ɪn ˈɛvəri ˈkaʊnti juv ˈɛvər lɪvd. ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ˈfɛdərəl, steɪt, ənd ˈloʊkəl! ɔl kɔrt ˈrɛkərdz fər ə ˈdɛkeɪd ɪf ju θru ðə ˈkaʊnti fər ˈɛni ˈpɪriəd əv taɪm. 6 ˈɔdɪtɪd ˌfaɪˈnænʃəlz! weeeeeeee*! əˈkrɔs ðə bɔrd ˈɔdɪtɪd ˌfaɪˈnænʃəlz (səm ˈsərtəˌfaɪd). fər ˈoʊnərz, əˈfɪliˌeɪts, ˈʃɛˌrhoʊldɪŋ ˈkəmpəˌniz, bɔrd ˈmɛmbərz, ənd ˈɛniˌwən hu ˈmɛnʃənz jʊr ˈkəmpəˌni neɪm! ˈoʊˈkeɪ, pərˈhæps nɑt ðət læst pɑrt. ðɪs kən kɔst ər mɔr. ˈivɪn ə ˈstɑrˌtəp ˈkəmpəˌni ɪz ˈlʊkɪŋ æt əˈbaʊt ˌriəˈlɪstɪkli. "wət ɪz ðɪs ju seɪ? ə ˈkəmpəˌni oʊnz pɑrt əv jʊr ˈstɑrˌtəp? 2 jɪrz ˈɔdɪtɪd ˌfaɪˈnænʃəlz fər ðɛm! ˈðætəl tiʧ 'ɛm tɪ traɪ ənd meɪk θɪŋz ˈæˌkʧuəli wərk əraʊnd hir!" 5 ju məst prɪˈdɪkt ðə fˈjuʧər fər 5 jʊr goʊɪŋ tɪ nid dɑk braʊnz ˈmæʤɪk hæt ju hæv tɪ prəˈvaɪd ˈɛni ˈkɑnˌtrækt ju ər ɪnˈgeɪʤd ɪn, ər ˈɛni ˈkɑnˌtrækt ju wɪl bi ɪnˈgeɪʤd ɪn, ðət biɪŋ fˈjuʧər tɛns! haʊ ðə hɛl ɪz ˈɛniˌwən səˈpoʊz tɪ noʊ ðɪs? jɛs, aɪ noʊ wət ðeɪ "min", bət ðɪs ɪz stɪl rɪˈdɪkjələs. 4 pɔ prɪnts, ˈdipər ˈskoʊpɪŋ, ənd weɪt fər ɪt ˈsɛlˌfiz! ɛz ɪf ɔl əv ðə əˈfɔrˌmɛnʃənd kræp ɪz nɑt ɪˈnəf, gɪt ˈrɛdi tɪ ʃɛl aʊt ə fju mɔr ˈθaʊzənd bəks fər ˈbækˌgraʊnd ʧɛks (baɪ ˈlaɪsənst paɪ fərmz ˈoʊnli) əˈkrɔs ðə bɔrd, ˈfɪŋgərˌprɪnts, ənd ju nid tɪ ˌɪnˈklud ə 2 baɪ 2 ˈsɛlˌfi! seɪ ʧiz! nid ə ˈsuðɪŋ ˈɔɪntmənt jɛt? hoʊld ɔn, ɪt gɪts wərs. 3 ɔl əv ðɪs kræp fər jʊr tu! ˌɪnˈdid! ɪn fækt, goʊ əˈhɛd ənd brɪŋ ðə "fam*". ɔl ˌbɛnəˈfɪʃiˌɛriz ər ˈɔlsoʊ ˈsəbʤɪkt tɪ ðɪs ˌɪnˈtrusɪv ˈskrutəni ənd hæv tɪ səˈplaɪ ə gʊd ˈpɔrʃən əv ðə seɪm ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən ðət ə ˈprɪnsəpəl ˈʃɛˌrhoʊldər dɪz. soʊ ɪf jʊr kɪdz bɪn bæd, bi fɔrˈwɔrnd, ju maɪt ʤɪst faɪnd aʊt ɪgˈzæktli haʊ bæd! 2 ðə ˈsikrɪt ˈʃʊrəti bɑnd!! jɛs foʊks, ðɛrz ə "ˈhɪdən fi". ˈʃɑkər ðɛr! ɪts ə ˈʃʊrəti bɑnd ðət həz tɪ bi ɪn ɪgˈzɪstəns, bət hɪrz ðə swɪft kɪk ɪn ðə grɔɪn. ðeɪ du nɑt tɛl ju haʊ məʧ! ðɪs ɪz ˌdɪˈsaɪdɪd ˈleɪtər, ənd æt ðə dɪˈskrɛʃən əv ðə dfs*. soʊ bi priˈpɛrd tɪ braɪb səm əˈfɪʃəlz, bɪˈkəz ɪt meɪ bi ðə ˈoʊnli weɪ ɪn. ðɪs ɪz ˈətərli rɪˈdɪkjələs. ˈæftər ɔl ɪz sɛd ənd dən, ðeɪ kən ʤɪst prəˈnaʊns ə ˈʃʊrəti bɑnd ɔn ju ɪf ðeɪ wɪʃ. ʤɪst tɪ pruv jʊr broʊk ɪf ðeɪ ˈhævənt fɔrst ju ˈɪntu ˈbæŋkrəptsi ɔˈrɛdi. 1 ənd ðə 1 moʊst rɪˈdɪkjələs "ˈgɑʧə" ɪn ðə ˌæpləˈkeɪʃən ɪz ɪz nɑt ækˈsɛptɪd hir! ɔl ðɪs jæp əˈbaʊt ˈvərʧuəl ðɪs, ðət ənd ðə ˈəðər wɪθ ˌɪnəˈveɪʃən, blɑ, blɑ, blɑ ənd ðeɪ wɪl teɪk ˈnəθɪŋ bət ə ʧɛk. fər səm ˈrizən, aɪ θɔt ðɪs wɑz ðə θɪŋ əˈbaʊt ðə ɪnˈtaɪər ˈprɔˌsɛs. kəˈmɑn, ju gaɪz (nydfs*) wɔnt tɪ ˈrɛgjəˌleɪt ˈsəmθɪŋ əv wɪʧ ju ˈɔlsoʊ "kleɪm" ju wɔnt ɪts ˌɪnəˈveɪʃən ɪnˈkərəʤd, ənd jɛt, ju woʊnt əkˈsɛpt ɪt? wtf*? bət heɪ! ðɛl teɪk ə ˈwərθləs pis əv ˈpeɪpər kɔld ə ʧɛk. ðə ˈviˌtoʊ paʊər hæv ðeɪ ˈlərnɪd ˈɛniˌθɪŋ ˈdʊrɪŋ ðɪs ˈprɔˌsɛs? oʊ weɪt, jɛs ðeɪ dɪd ðeɪ ˈlərnɪd haʊ tɪ meɪk ɪt əˈpɪr ɛz ɪf ðeɪ ər ˈhɛlpɪŋ ðə ˈlɪtəl gaɪz (ˈstɑrˌtəps) waɪl ˈmeɪkɪŋ ɪt ˌɪmˈpɑsəbəl ənd aʊt əv riʧ fər ˈɛni əv ðɛm. ɪkˈsɛpt coinbase*, əv kɔrs, biɪŋ ðət ðeɪ stɪl seɪ ðət ðeɪ ər ə ˈstɑrˌtəp, ə 75 ˈmɪljən ˈdɔlər, əˈvɛnʧuəl zi raʊnd ˈstɑrˌtəp, bət ə ˈstɑrˌtəp ˌnənðəˈlɛs. hɛl, ðeɪ maɪt nɑt ˈivɪn ˌɛnˈʤɔɪ ðɪs ˈmaɪkrəˌskoʊp əp ðə rɪr. ˈivɪn ɪf ə ˈstɑrˌtəp dɪd ˈmænɪʤ tɪ skreɪp θru ðɪs ˈprɔˌsɛs, ɪts ˈoʊnərz ˈlɪmpɪŋ əˈlɔŋ ɪn ðə ˈæftərˌmæθ əv ðə ˈgruɪlɪŋ ˈspæŋkɪŋ əv ˌɪnˈtrusɪv rɪkˈwaɪrmənts ənd ˌfaɪˈnænʃəl skwiz, ðɛrz stɪl ðə ˈəltəmət ˈviˌtoʊ paʊər əv ðə ˈʃʊrəti bɑnd. ðə ɪgˈzæmənər əv jʊr ˌæpləˈkeɪʃən maɪt ʤɪst bi ɪn ə bæd mud ðə deɪ hi, ər ʃi, rəvˈjuz jʊr ˌæpləˈkeɪʃən ənd ʤɪst slæps ju wɪθ ə nis fæt ˈwɑpər. wɪθ lɛs ðən ˈpərˌfɪkt ˈkrɛdɪt kəˈmændɪŋ ə 15 ˈpeɪmənt əv ðə ˈtoʊtəl ˈʃʊrəti bɑnd, ðə kən ʤɪst ˈfɪnɪʃ ju ɔf, ðət ɪz, ɪf ðə ˌæpləˈkeɪʃən ˈprɔˌsɛs ˈdəzənt kɪk jʊr æs ɪn ðə fərst pleɪs. mɔr tɪ kəm ˌriˈpɔrtəd ðət 22 ˌæpləˈkeɪʃənz keɪm ɪn ˌgɛrənˈtid ˈrɛvəˌnu fər ðə), wɪʧ minz ˈhənərdz, ɪf nɑt ˈθaʊzənz, əv ˈkəmpəˌniz, dɪd nɑt faɪl. ðə steɪts ðət ðɪs wɑz "əˈbaʊt ɛz ɪkˈspɛktɪd". ˈrɪli? ðeɪ ɪkˈspɛktɪd ˈɛvriˌwən tɪ θɪŋk ðeɪ sək æm aɪ ˈhirɪŋ ðɪs ˈækjərətli? ˈbɛnʤəmən ɛm ɪz ənˈdaʊtɪdli ˈlæfɪŋ ˌhɪˈstɛrɪkli ðət 22 ˈkəmpəˌniz ˈæˌkʧuəli səˈbʤɛktɪd ðɛmˈsɛlvz tɪ ðɪs ˈproʊbɪŋ, ənd naʊ, əv kɔrs, hiz kˈwɪkli ˈstɛpɪŋ daʊn ənd ˈfɔrmɪŋ hɪz oʊn ˈlɪtəl "kənˈsəltɪŋ" fərm, ˈrəðər kənˈvinjəntli taɪmd ˈwʊdənt ju seɪ? ðeɪ kɔl ðɪs ə "ˈdraɪvˈbaɪ" ɔn ðə strit, wɛr ju swup ɪn ənd dɪˈstrɔɪ ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ ˈəðərz spɛnt jɪrz ˈbɪldɪŋ ənd ðɛn ˈskəri ɔf ənd haɪd. tɪ bi ˈɑnəst, aɪ kʊd hæv meɪd ə tɔp 50 bət ɪt ˈwʊdənt hæv ˈrɪli roʊld ɔf əv ðə təŋ ɛz ˈɛlɪgənˌtli ənd kwaɪt ˈfræŋkli, ɪt ʤɪst ˈægrəˌveɪts mi ðə mɔr aɪ θɪŋk əˈbaʊt ɪt. aɪ æm ʃʊr ðɛr ər əˈlɑt əv ˈəðər əˈpɪnjənz ɔn ðə tɔp 10 ɛz wɛl, fil fri tɪ ˈkɑmɛnt, ɪts waɪd ˈoʊpən. ˌhaʊˈɛvər fɪr nɑt! ðɛrz mɔr tɪ kəm, wi hæv ə lɪst əv tɔp ɔn ðə weɪ! soʊ ənˈtɪl ðɛn rən... rən fɑr əˈweɪ frəm ðɪs ˌæpləˈkeɪʃən, laɪk aɪ sɛd ˌbiˈfɔr, ɪts ə maʊs træp
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on june 3 rd , the new york department of financial services issued its final virtual currency license (“bitlicense “) rule after nearly two years of debate and feedback. august 8 th , 2015 ended the 45 day grace period allotted for operations related to transactions involving any form of digital currency to operate without a license.
a license, the bitlicense, is required for any individual, or business, to conduct any form of business activity with new york state or a resident of, or business within the jurisdiction of, the state of new york, in the state of new york, from any other state in the united states, or from any other country in the world, as defined by the regulations of 23 nycrr 200 in full effect as of august 9 th , 2015.
the top ten
the application is 31 pages, requires additional documents, some that will accrue additional costs, and must be completed in its entirety at the risk of forfeiture of the $5,000.00 required application fee.
incomplete applications are returned with an itemized list of necessary documents and/or other materials, required to be considered a completed application. what will not be return is the 5,000 smackers.
most of us have heard about this legendary, non-refundable, $5000.00 application fee. that's nothing compared to the other hidden gems in this document.
here are the real "gotcha's", david letterman style. the 10 most ridiculous "gotcha's" in the ny bitlicense application.
#10.. the $5,000.000 non-refundable fee.
this is out of reach for a lot of start-ups, but it's a bad joke, because this is really the least of their worries, being one of the less expensive things about the bitlicense
# 9... 15 years of work history!
what about people who are independently wealthy and haven't done a damn thing? what about people who have only worked for 7.32 years so far? almost as ridiculous as big brother #8...
# 8... permission to contact every company you've ever worked for!
yeppers! including mr. mcdonalds manager, where you may have worked in high school, lets hope you didn't piss him off, he might still be there! there's also a "kiss your privacy goodbye" form that must be signed, stating that the nydfs can go ask any question they want to and acquire every juicy detail about any position you held at any company for the last 15 years.
complete educational history is required as well.
# 7... 10 years of court records in every county you've ever lived!
not just your records, all of them , every single scrap of court records in every county you've ever lived. including federal, state, and local! all court records for a decade if you waltzed through the county for any period of time.
# 6... audited financials! weeeeeeee!
across the board audited financials (some certified). for owners, affiliates, shareholding companies, board members, and anyone who mentions your company name! ok, perhaps not that last part. this can cost $10,000.00, $20,000.00, or more. even a startup company is looking at about $5,000.00 realistically.
"what is this you say? a company owns part of your startup? 2 years audited financials for them! that'll teach 'em to try and make things actually work around here!"
# 5 . . . you must predict the future !
for #5, you're going to need doc brown's magic hat . you have to provide any contract you are engaged in, or any contract you will be engaged in, that being future tense! how the hell is anyone suppose to know this? yes, i know what they "mean", but this is still ridiculous.
# 4 . . . paw prints, deeper scoping, and ... wait for it .... selfies!
as if all of the aforementioned crap is not enough, get ready to shell out a few more thousand bucks for background checks (by licensed pi firms only) across the board, fingerprints, and ... you need to include a 2" by 2" selfie! say cheese!
need a soothing ointment yet? hold on, it gets worse.
# 3 . . . all of this crap for your kiddo's too!
indeed! in fact, go ahead and bring the "fam". all beneficiaries are also subject to this intrusive scrutiny and have to supply a good portion of the same information that a principal shareholder does. so if your kid's been bad, be forewarned, you might just find out exactly how bad!
# 2. .. the secret surety bond!!
yes folks, there's a "hidden fee". shocker there! it's a surety bond that has to be in existence, but here's the swift kick in the groin.
they do not tell you how much!
this is decided later, and at the discretion of the dfs. so be prepared to bribe some officials, because it may be the only way in. this is utterly ridiculous. after all is said and done, they can just pronounce a 1mm surety bond on you if they wish. just to prove your broke if they haven't forced you into bankrupcty already.
# 1 . .. and the #1 most ridiculous "gotcha" in the bitlicense application is ....
bitcoin is not accepted here!
all this yap about virtual this, that and the other with innovation, blah, blah, blah ... and they will take nothing but a check.
for some reason, i thought this was the lamest thing about the entire process. c'mon, you guys (nydfs) want to regulate something of which you also "claim" you want it's innovation encouraged, and yet, you won't accept it? wtf?
but hey! they'll take a worthless piece of paper called a check.
the veto power have they learned anything during this bitlicense process? oh wait, yes they did !
they learned how to make it appear as if they are helping the little guys (startups) while making it impossible and out of reach for any of them. except coinbase, of course, being that they still say that they are a startup, a 75 million dollar, eventual z round startup, but a startup nonetheless. hell, they might not even enjoy this microscope up the rear.
even if a startup did manage to scrape through this process, it's owners limping along in the aftermath of the grueling spanking of intrusive requirements and financial squeeze, there's still the ultimate veto power of the surety bond. the nydfs examiner of your application might just be in a bad mood the day he, or she, reviews your application and just slaps you with a nice fat whopper.
with less than perfect credit commanding a 15% payment of the total surety bond, the nydfs can just finish you off, that is, if the application process doesn't kick your ass in the first place.
more to come coindesk reported that 22 applications came in ($110,000 guaranteed revenue for the nydfs), which means hundreds, if not thousands, of non-exempt companies, did not file. the nydfs states that this was "about as expected".
really? they expected everyone to think they suck ?
am i hearing this accurately?
benjamin m lawsky is undoubtedly laughing hysterically that 22 companies actually subjected themselves to this probing, and now, of course, he's quickly stepping down and forming his own little "consulting" firm, rather conveniently timed wouldn't you say?
they call this a "drive-by" on the street, where you swoop in and destroy everything others spent years building and then scurry off and hide.
to be honest, i could have made a top 50, but it wouldn't have really rolled off of the tongue as elegantly and quite frankly, it just aggravates me the more i think about it. i am sure there are allot of other opinions on the top 10 as well, feel free to comment, it's wide open.
however fear not! there's more to come, we have a list of top 10's on the way! so until then ... run... run far away from this application, like i said before, it's a mouse trap .
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ɪn ˈfɛbruˌɛri, ˈreɪʧəl dɪˈklɛrd ˈifɛktɪvli dɛd. ɔn ˈθərzˌdeɪ, bɪn fˈjudɪŋ wɪθ ðə saɪt fər ə waɪl naʊ) riˈvɪzətɪd ðət rɪˈmɑrk, ənd ˈnoʊtɪd ðət dɪz ˌɪnˈdid lɪv bət fɑr frəm ə gʊd θɪŋ. fɑr frəm ˈækjərət, sɛd, ðə ˈɛfərt ɪz ɛˈsɛnʃəli ˈʧeɪnʤɪŋ ðə ˈminɪŋ əv ðə wərd ““fact.”*.” rɪˈleɪtɪd: http://www.mediaite.com/tv/rachel-maddow-declares-politifact-dead-over-bogus-lawrence-odonnell-gi-bill-ruling*/ ðeɪ tɪ səˈplænt ˈækʧəwəl tɪ ˈsɪli ðə hoʊl ˈkɑnsɛpt əv ɛz ə ˈminɪŋləs brand,”*,” sɛd, tɪ ʧeɪnʤ ðə ˈminɪŋ əv ðə wərd ‘‘fact’*’ ɪn ðə ˈɪŋlɪʃ language.”*.”, ʃi sɛd, ˈæftər dɛθ laɪk ə ˈzɑmbi ˈitɪŋ ɑr brains.”*.” ðə ˈstɔri ɪn kˈwɛʃən: grups sɪz ˌoʊˈbɑmə waɪt haʊs skrinz ˈənˈbɔrn babies”*” wɪʧ sɛd ðət ˈvɪzɪtərz tɪ ðə waɪt haʊs məst ˈrɛʤɪstər ˈənˈbɔrn ˈbeɪbiz ɛz pɑrt əv ðə gɛst kaʊnt. gɑt ðə ˈfɑloʊɪŋ ˈsteɪtmənt əˈbaʊt ðɪs ˈstɔri frəm ə ˈsikrɪt ˈsərvɪs ˈspoʊkspərsən: rɪˈfərz tɪ ə ˈprɛgnənt ˈwʊmən prəˈvaɪdɪŋ ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən fər ə tʊr ɪn ðə fˈjuʧər ðət wɪl ˌɪnˈklud ðə nu ˈfæməli ˈmɛmbər. soʊ, fər ɪgˈzæmpəl, wɪn ə ˈprɛgnənt ˈwʊmən ɪz prəˈvaɪdɪŋ ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən fər ə tʊr ðət ɪz fɔr mənθs ɪn ðə fˈjuʧər, ðɛr ɪz ə holder’*’ fər ðə nu baby.”*.” soʊ ðə waɪt haʊs ˈkaʊntɪŋ ə ˈprɛgnənt ˈwʊmən ɛz tu ˈpipəl, sɛd. sɛd ðɪs fækt wɑz fɔls, ʃi sɛd, ənd ðɛn geɪv ðə ˈreɪtɪŋ false.”*.” ʃi kənˈtɪnjud: ˈmoʊstli? ju kən gɪt ˈsəmθɪŋ, kwoʊt, ˈwaɪldli rɔŋ, ənd stɪl bi ˈoʊnli ˈmoʊstli rɔŋ əˈbaʊt ɪt? wət dɪz ɪt teɪk tɪ gɪt ə fɔls ˈreɪtɪŋ ɔn? fɔls, ɛz ɪn ju gɑt ɪt rɔŋ. ɪz ɪt tru ər ɪz ɪt fɔls? oʊ, ju faʊnd ɪt fɔls, soʊ jʊr ˈreɪtɪŋ ɪz ˈmoʊstli ˈsəmθɪŋ?, gɑd blɛs ju. ju ər nɑt dɛd, bət ˈɛvəri taɪm jʊr ˈtreɪdˌmɑrkt pɔɪnts æt ˈsəmθɪŋ, ˈsəmθɪŋ daɪz ɪn ðɪs ˈkəntri. goʊ əˈweɪ,. teɪk ə lʊk, ˈviə msnbc*: hæv ə tɪp wi ʃʊd noʊ?
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in february, rachel maddow declared politifact effectively dead. on thursday, maddow (who’s been feuding with the site for a while now) revisited that remark, and noted that politifact does indeed live — but it’s far from a good thing. far from accurate fact-checking, maddow said, the effort is essentially changing the meaning of the word “fact.”
related: http://www.mediaite.com/tv/rachel-maddow-declares-politifact-dead-over-bogus-lawrence-odonnell-gi-bill-ruling/
they “continue to supplant actual fact-checking to silly the whole concept of fact-checking as a meaningless brand,” maddow said, “and to change the meaning of the word ‘fact’ in the english language.” politifact, she said, “lives after death like a zombie eating our brains.”
the story in question: “anti-abortion groups says obama white house screens unborn babies” — which said that visitors to the white house must register unborn babies as part of the guest count.
politifact got the following statement about this story from a secret service spokesperson: “this refers to a pregnant woman providing information for a tour in the future that will include the new family member. so, for example, when a seven-month pregnant woman is providing information for a tour that is four months in the future, there is a ‘place holder’ for the new baby.”
so the white house isn’t counting a pregnant woman as two people, maddow said. politifact said this fact was “wildly false, she said, and then gave the rating “mostly false.” she continued:
mostly? you can get something, quote, wildly wrong, and still be only mostly wrong about it? what does it take to get a false rating on politifact? false, as in you got it wrong.
[…]
is it true or is it false? oh, you found it false, so your rating is mostly something? politifact, god bless you. you are not dead, but every time your trademarked truth-o-meter points at something, something dies in this country. go away, politifact.
take a look, via msnbc:
have a tip we should know? [email protected]
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ˈʤərməniz æmˈbɪʃəs ˈgrinˌhaʊs gæs rɪˈdəkʃən plænz ər ˈfeɪsɪŋ ə ˈmeɪʤər ˈɑbstəkəl: ən əˈpɛrənt əˈdɪkʃən tɪ koʊl. ˈʤərməni həz kəˈmɪtɪd tɪ rɪˈdusɪŋ ˈgrinˌhaʊs gæs ɪˈmɪʃənz baɪ 40 pərˈsɛnt ənˈtɪl 2020 ənd tɪ ˈhævɪŋ ɪˈmɪʃənz frəm ˈɛnərʤi pərˈdəkʃən baɪ 2030 ˈɛkspərts wɔrn ðɛr ɪz ˈoʊnli wən weɪ tɪ riʧ ðiz ˈtɑrgəts: ˈmuvɪŋ frəm ˈfɑsəl fjuəlz tɪ riˈnuəbəl ˈɛnərʤiz. bət ɪn ˈʤərməni, ðə ˈmaɪnɪŋ ˈkəmpəˌni ɪz ˈplænɪŋ ðə ɪkˈspænʧən əv səm əv ˈjʊrəps ˈbɪgəst koʊl maɪnz ənd. ˈlɪgˌnaɪt, ˈɔlsoʊ kɔld braʊn koʊl, ɪz ðə ˈdərtiəst əv ɔl ˈfɑsəl fjuəlz wɪθ riˈleɪʃən tɪ ˈkɑrbən daɪˈɑkˌsaɪd ɪˈmɪʃənz. ənd ˈmaɪnɪŋ ˈkəmpəˌni ɪz ˈjʊrəps ˈlɑrʤəst ɪˈmɪtər. nɛkst tɪ ðə ˈlɪgˌnaɪt maɪn, ˈæktɪvɪsts hæv bɪn ˈɑkjəˌpaɪɪŋ ən ˈeɪnʧənt ˈfɔrɪst ðət ɪz sun tɪ bi kət daʊn fər ðə maɪn ɪkˈspænʧən. ðə ˌkɑntrəˈvərʃəl kˈwɛʃən rɪˈmeɪnz: wɪl ˈʤərməni ˈɛvər bi ˈrɛdi fər ə ˈtoʊtəl əv koʊl paʊər pərˈdəkʃən? ənd ɪf soʊ, haʊ fɑr ɪz ɪt frəm bɪˈkəmɪŋ ə ˌriˈæləˌti? ðə ˈproʊˌtɛst həz bɪˈkəm ðə meɪn steɪʤ ɪn ə ˈstrəgəl ðət ɪz pleɪɪŋ aʊt ɪn ˈænsər tɪ ðɪs. dɪˈspaɪt pərˈmoʊʃən əv riˈnuəbəl ˈɛnərʤi, ˈʤərməni stɪl ˈstrɔŋli dɪˈpɛndz ɔn ˈfɑsəl fjuəlz ˈʤərməni: ˈjʊrəps tɔp fər nature-lovers*, ə vju əv ðə maɪn ɪz ˈhɑrtˌbreɪkɪŋ. ˈmɑnstrəs məˈʃinz ənd ˈmæsɪv hoʊlz ɪn ðə braʊn graʊnd stænd ɪn stɑrk ˈkɑntræst tɪ ðə ˈtɪpɪkəl ˈgrinəri əv ˈʤərməni. koʊl ˈmaɪnɪŋ ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ˈlɪgˌnaɪt həz ə strɔŋ ˈprɛzəns ɪn ðə ˈkəntri. braʊn koʊl stɪl ˈkɑnstəˌtuts əˈbaʊt ə kˈwɔrtər əv ðə ˈkəntriz paʊər pərˈdəkʃən. "noʊ ˈəðər ˈkəntri ɪn ðə wərld ˈjuzɪz ɛz məʧ ˈlɪgˌnaɪt ɛz wi juz ɪn ˈʤərməni," ju, hɛd əv ðə ˈklaɪmɪt prəˈtɛkʃən ənd ˈɛnərʤi dɪˈpɑrtmənt æt ðə ˈʤərmən ˈfɛdərəl ɪnˈvaɪrənmənt ˈeɪʤənsi, ər uba*, toʊld. əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ðə uba*, ðə kɔst əv ɪnˌvaɪrənˈmɛnəl ˈdæmɪʤ rɪˈleɪtɪd tɪ ˈlɪgˌnaɪt əˈmaʊnɪd tɪ ˈbɪljən ˈjuˌroʊz 18 bilion*) ɪn 2014 əˈloʊn. braʊn koʊl ɪz riˈspɑnsəbəl fər ə θərd əv ɔl ɪˈmɪʃənz ɪn ðə ˈwɛstərn ˈʤərmən steɪt əv ˈwɛstˌfeɪljə hoʊm tɪ ənd. ʤəs bɪˈlivz ˈreɪzɪŋ əˈwɛrnəs ɪz ə ki stɛp ɪn kriˈeɪtɪŋ ə mɔr səˈsteɪnəbəl soʊˈsaɪɪti ʤəs, wən əv ðə ˈæktɪvɪsts ˈlɪvɪŋ ɪn ðə ˈfɔrɪst tɪ traɪ ənd prɪˈvɛnt ɪt frəm ˈgɪtɪŋ kət daʊn, toʊld ðət ˈlɪgˌnaɪt ɪz ˈɔlsoʊ ðə ˌnəmbərˈwən kɔz əv ˈmərkjəri ˈpɔɪzənɪŋ fər fɪʃ. fər ɪm, koʊl bɪˈlɔŋz tɪ pæst ˈsɛnʧəriz ənd ə muv təˈwɔrdz ˈklinər fɔrmz əv ˈɛnərʤi ɪz ə məst. "koʊl ɪz ə tɛkˈnɑləʤi frəm ðə taɪm wɪn wi juzd hɔrs ˈkɛrəʤəz," ʤəs sɛd. "ɪt ɪz taɪm tɪ muv əˈweɪ frəm ɪt." ˈgræʤuəl trænˈzɪʃən koʊl paʊər plænts hæv ˈdiˌkrist pərˈdəkʃən ˈoʊvər pæst jɪrz, ɪkˈspleɪnd. bət moʊst əv ˈʤərməniz koʊl plænts stɪl rən θruaʊt ðə jɪr. ˈlɪgˌnaɪt ɛz ə sɔrs əv fjuəl ɪz ˈsɪmpli tu ʧip tɪ lɛt goʊ əv soʊ ˈizəli, soʊ ðə ˈθɪŋkɪŋ goʊz. sɪns 2016 ˈsɛvərəl ˈlɪgˌnaɪt paʊər plænts hæv bɪn ˈtərnɪŋ ˈɪntu paʊər rɪˈzərvz. ˈoʊvər ə ˌfɔˈrjɪr ˈpɪriəd, ðə plænts wɪl rɪˈmeɪn ˈrɛdi tɪ spərɪŋ ˈɪntu ˈækʃən ɪn ðə keɪs əv ˈimərʤənsi paʊər ˈʃɔrtɪʤɪz. ˈæftər ðət taɪm, ðə plæn ɪz tɪ ʃət ðɛm daʊn fər gʊd. ɪkˈspɛkts paʊər pərˈdəkʃən frəm ˈlɪgˌnaɪt tɪ bi feɪzd aʊt baɪ ðə ˈmɪdəl əv ðɪs ˈsɛnʧəri, ðə ˈkəmpəˌni toʊld. fər ðɛm, ðət minz wəns ɔl braʊn koʊl pərˈmɪtɪd həz bɪn ɛkˈstræktɪd frəm ɪts maɪnz. wɔʧ ˈvɪdioʊ eco-activist*: "koʊl ɪz ðə ˈdərti ɔlˈtərnətɪv" fər naʊ, ðiz paʊər plænts ər ə ˈnɛsəˌsɛri ˈbæˌkəp fər ðə trænˈzɪʃən təˈwɔrd riˈnuəbəl ˈɛnərʤi, meɪnˈteɪnz. bət ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnətɪv sɛd ðə ɪkˈspænʧən əv ðə maɪnz ɪz ˌæbsəˈlutli ˌɪnkəmˈpætəbəl wɪθ ˈʤərməniz rɪˈdəkʃən ˈtɑrgəts. "wi hæv tɪ kət bæk ˈlɪgˌnaɪt paʊər pərˈdəkʃən, ənd ɪt meɪks noʊ sɛns æt ɔl tɪ hæv nu maɪnz," sɛd. ðə ˈɛnərʤi ˈpɛrəˌdɑks ɪnˌvaɪrənˈmɛnəl grups hæv bɪn ˈərʤɪŋ ə ʃɪft. "wi wɔnt tɪ ˌɪˈmiˌdiətli swɪʧ ɔf ðiz ˈdərti ənd ˈhaɪli koʊl plænts," ˈkɑrstən smɪd, kæmˈpeɪnər fər ˈklaɪmɪt ənd ˈɛnərʤi æt ˈgrinˌpis, toʊld. əp tɪ 15 əv paʊər kʊd ɔˈrɛdi goʊ ɔf ðə grɪd wɪˈθaʊt ˈʤɛpərˌdaɪzɪŋ ðə ˈkəntriz ˈɛnərʤi səˈplaɪ, hi əˈsərtəd. naʊ, ˈɛvriˌwən ɪz ˈlʊkɪŋ ˈkloʊsli tɪ ðə ˈfɛdərəl ˈgəvərnmənt fər ˈgaɪdəns. bət ˈnəθɪŋ wɪl ˈhæpən ˌbiˈfɔr ðə 2017 ɪˈlɛkʃənz, ˈɛkspərts bɪˈliv. həz ɛkˈstrækʃən raɪts fər ðə maɪn (əˈbəv) ənˈtɪl 2045 ənd fər ðə maɪn ənˈtɪl 2040 ə kəˈmɪʃən ɪz plænd fər 2018 tɪ dɪˈvɛləp ə plæn fər koʊl. boʊθ ənd smɪd ər kənˈvɪnst ðət ðə nu ˈgəvərnmənt wɪl meɪk ə dɪˈfɪnɪtɪv dɪˈsɪʒən ɔn ðə fˈjuʧər əv koʊl ˈmaɪnɪŋ. wəns ðə ˈfɛdərəl ˈgəvərnmənt ˌdɪˈsaɪdz ɔn ə ˈmɛkəˌnɪzəm tɪ ʧoʊk daʊn ɪˈmɪʃənz ənd feɪz aʊt koʊl ˈmaɪnɪŋ, boʊθ ðə raɪt tɪ maɪn ənd steɪt dɪˈsɪʒənz ɔn ðɪs wɪl noʊ ˈlɔŋgər bi ˈvælɪd, ɪkˈspleɪnd. ðɪs ɪz əv ˈkruʃəl ˌɪmˈpɔrtəns, sɪns ðə ˈmɪnɪstri fər ˈklaɪmɪt prəˈtɛkʃən ənd ɪnˈvaɪrənmənt əv nɔrθ ˈɑrgjuz ðət ðə ˈfɛdərəl grin laɪt fər ˈlɪgˌnaɪt maɪn ɪkˈspænʧən fɔrmz ðə ˈbeɪsɪs əv raɪt tɪ maɪn koʊl. bət səm seɪ ðɪs ɪz ə ˈpɛrəˌdɑks. "tɪ hæv ðə ɪkˈstɛnʃən ɔn wən saɪd ənd stɪl soʊ məʧ ˈlɪgˌnaɪt ɔn ðə ˈəðər ɪz ə ˌkɑntrəˈdɪkʃən," sɛd. "wi wɪl bi fɔrst tɪ ʧeɪnʤ θɪŋz." ˈgrinˌpis ˈɛkspərt smɪd ɪz əˈwɛr ðə swɪʧ wɪl nɑt bi ˈizi bət hiz kənˈvɪnst ɪt wɪl kəm. "ðə ʧeɪnʤ wɪl nɑt kəm ˌɔtəˈmætɪkli," sɪz smɪd. "bət aɪ æm ʃʊr ɪnˌvaɪrənˈmɛnəl grups wɪl wɪn ðɪs ˈbætəl ðə fækts ər ɔn ɑr saɪd." ɪkˈspænʧən əv ðə maɪn wɪl kət daʊn ðə rɪˈmeɪnɪŋ triz əv ðə ˈfɔrɪst nɑt ʤɪst ˈɛnərʤi, ˈɔlsoʊ ˈlaɪfˌstaɪl bæk æt ðə ˈfɔrɪst, ʤəs pɔɪnts aʊt ðət ˈklaɪmɪt prəˈtɛkʃən ɪz nɑt ʤɪst ə kˈwɛʃən əv sˈwɪʧɪŋ tɪ riˈnuəbəl ˈɛnərʤi, bət ˈɔlsoʊ rɪˈleɪts tɪ degrowth*. fər ðə ɪnˌvaɪrənˈmɛnəl ˈæktɪvɪst, ˈivɪn wɪθ grin ˈɛnərʤi, ɑr ˈlaɪfˌstaɪl təˈdeɪ ɪz ˌənsəˈsteɪnəbəl. wi wʊd nid 12 ərθs ɪf ˈɛvriˌbɑdi wʊd kənˈsum ɛz məʧ ɛz ˈpipəl ɪn ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts du, ənd fɔr ərθs ɪf ˈɛvriˌwən wər tɪ meɪnˈteɪn ə ˌjʊrəˈpiən ˈlaɪfˌstaɪl, hi ˈpɔɪntɪd aʊt. "wi ər ˈkrɔsɪŋ ðə pɔɪnt əv noʊ rɪˈtərn," ʤəs sɛd. "wi nid tɪ sloʊ daʊn."
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germany's ambitious greenhouse gas reduction plans are facing a major obstacle: an apparent addiction to coal.
germany has committed to reducing greenhouse gas emissions by 40 percent until 2020, and to halving emissions from energy production by 2030.
experts warn there is only one way to reach these targets: moving from fossil fuels to renewable energies.
but in germany, the mining company rwe is planning the expansion of some of europe's biggest coal mines - garzweiler and hambach.
lignite, also called brown coal, is the dirtiest of all fossil fuels with relation to carbon dioxide emissions. and mining company rwe is europe's largest co2 emitter.
next to the garzweiler lignite mine, activists have been occupying an ancient forest that is soon to be cut down for the hambach mine expansion.
the controversial question remains: will germany ever be ready for a total phase-out of coal power production? and if so, how far is it from becoming a reality? the hambach protest has become the main stage in a struggle that is playing out in answer to this.
despite promotion of renewable energy, germany still strongly depends on fossil fuels
germany: europe's top coal-burner
for nature-lovers, a view of the garzweiler mine is heartbreaking. monstrous machines and massive holes in the brown ground stand in stark contrast to the typical greenery of germany.
coal mining - including lignite - has a strong presence in the country. brown coal still constitutes about a quarter of the country's power production.
"no other country in the world uses as much lignite as we use in germany," uwe leprich, head of the climate protection and energy department at the german federal environment agency, or uba, told dw.
according to the uba, the cost of environmental damage related to lignite amounted to 16.8 billion euros ($18 bilion) in 2014 alone. brown coal is responsible for a third of all co2 emissions in the western german state of north-rhine westphalia - home to garzweiler and hambach.
jus believes raising awareness is a key step in creating a more sustainable society
jus, one of the activists living in the hambacher forest to try and prevent it from getting cut down, told dw that lignite is also the number-one cause of mercury poisoning for fish.
for him, coal belongs to past centuries and a move towards cleaner forms of energy is a must.
"coal is a technology from the time when we used horse carriages," jus said. "it is time to move away from it."
gradual transition
coal power plants have decreased production over past years, explained leprich. but most of germany's coal plants still run throughout the year. lignite as a source of fuel is simply too cheap to let go of so easily, so the thinking goes.
since 2016, several lignite power plants have been turning into power reserves. over a four-year period, the plants will remain ready to spring into action in the case of emergency power shortages. after that time, the plan is to shut them down for good.
rwe expects power production from lignite to be phased out by the middle of this century, the company told dw. for them, that means once all brown coal permitted has been extracted from its mines.
watch video 01:18 eco-activist: "coal is the dirty alternative"
for now, these power plants are a necessary backup for the transition toward renewable energy, rwe maintains.
but uba's representative said the expansion of the mines is absolutely incompatible with germany's co2 reduction targets.
"we have to cut back lignite power production, and it makes no sense at all to have new mines," leprich said.
the energy paradox
environmental groups have been urging a shift.
"we want to immediately switch off these dirty and highly climate-damaging coal plants," karsten smid, campaigner for climate and energy at greenpeace, told dw.
up to 15 gigawatts of coal-fired power could already go off the grid without jeopardizing the country's energy supply, he asserted.
now, everyone is looking closely to the federal government for guidance. but nothing will happen before the 2017 elections, experts believe.
rwe has extraction rights for the garzweiler mine (above) until 2045, and for the hambach mine until 2040
a commission is planned for 2018 to develop a phase-out plan for coal. both leprich and smid are convinced that the new government will make a definitive decision on the future of coal mining.
once the federal government decides on a mechanism to choke down co2 emissions and phase out coal mining, both the right to mine and state decisions on this will no longer be valid, leprich explained.
this is of crucial importance, since the ministry for climate protection and environment of north rhine-westphalia argues that the federal green light for lignite mine expansion forms the basis of rwe's right to mine coal.
but some say this is a paradox.
"to have the renewables extension on one side and still so much lignite on the other is a contradiction," said leprich. "we will be forced to change things."
greenpeace expert smid is aware the switch will not be easy - but he's convinced it will come.
"the change will not come automatically," says smid. "but i am sure environmental groups will win this battle - the facts are on our side."
expansion of the hambach mine will cut down the remaining trees of the millenium-old hambach forest
not just energy, also lifestyle
back at the hambach forest, jus points out that climate protection is not just a question of switching to renewable energy, but also relates to degrowth.
for the environmental activist, even with green energy, our lifestyle today is unsustainable.
we would need 12 earths if everybody would consume as much as people in the united states do, and four earths if everyone were to maintain a european lifestyle, he pointed out.
"we are crossing the point of no return," jus said. "we need to slow down."
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ɪts noʊ ˈsikrɪt ðət moʊst ˈmoʊbəl ˈjuzərz ˈoʊnli ˌɪnˈstɔl ə ˈtaɪni ˈfrækʃən əv ðə ˈtoʊtəl ˈnəmbər əv æps əˈveɪləbəl ɪn ðə ˈrɛləvənt stɔrz. ðɛr ər ˈhənərdz əv ˈθaʊzənz əv ˈɔfərɪŋz fər ˈænˌdrɔɪd, ˈioʊs ənd ˈwɪndoʊz foʊn, bət ðə væst məˈʤɔrəti wɪl ˈnɛvər meɪk ɪt ˈɔntu jʊr ər ˈtæblət səm ˈkeɪtər tɪ ə ˈvɛri spɪˈsɪfɪk ˈɔdiəns (laɪk æps fər ˈænˌdrɔɪd), səm ər dɪˈzaɪnd fər ˈsərtən ˈloʊkəl ˈmɑrkɪts (ˈɪntərˌnɛt ˈbæŋkɪŋ æps, fər ˈɪnstəns) ənd səm ər pleɪn ˈdrɛdfəl (ˈhæfˌbeɪkt klaɪənts spərɪŋ tɪ maɪnd). ɪt kəmz ɛz noʊ səˈpraɪz ðɛn ðət ðɛr ər æps ðət ˈjuzərz doʊnt ˈivɪn noʊ əˈbaʊt ər wɪʧ dɪˈvɛləpərz hæv əˈbændənd ɪnˈtaɪərli. ðə kˈwɛʃən ɪz: haʊ ˈmɛni? wɛl, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ə nu ðət wɑz ʤɪst riˈlist baɪ ˈstɑrˌdəst, ˈoʊvər 41 pərˈsɛnt əv ɔl ˈænˌdrɔɪd æps əˈveɪləbəl ɪn ˈgugəl pleɪ kən bi dimd ɛz "dɛd" ðeɪ hæv rɪˈsivd lɛs ðən 10 rəvˈjuz ənd ˈreɪtɪŋz ənd nɑt ə ˈsɪŋgəl ˈəpˌdeɪt θruaʊt ðɛr ɪgˈzɪstəns waɪl ə mɔr sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt 65 pərˈsɛnt əv ɔl ˈioʊs æps ɪn ðə ˈæpəl æp stɔr ənd 69 pərˈsɛnt əv ɔl ˈwɪndoʊz foʊn æps ɪn ðə ˈwɪndoʊz foʊn stɔr ʃɛr ə ˈsɪmələr feɪt. ðə ˈnəmbərz ər ˈstægərˌɪŋ, ənd ʃoʊ ðət ɪts nɑt ˈizi tɪ meɪk ən æp ˈpɑpjələr. ðə loʊ ˈnəmbər əv rəvˈjuz ˈɪndəˌkeɪt əˈbɪzməl ˈjuzər əˈwɛrnəs ənd ˈɪntəˌrɛst, wɪʧ meɪ hæv lɛd tɪ ðə dɪˈvɛləpərz ˈsisɪŋ tɪ riˈlis ˈəpˌdeɪts (ənd vice-versa*). aɪ æm ʃʊr aɪ æm nɑt əˈloʊn ɪn seɪɪŋ ðət aɪ hæv ˈɔfən dɪsˈmɪst ˌɪnˈstɔlɪŋ ə ˈsərtən æp du tɪ ə loʊ ˌrivˈju kaʊnt ənd ðə læk əv ˈrisənt ˈəpˌdeɪts (tɪ mi, ðət səˈʤɛsts ðət ðə dɪˈvɛləpər ɪz nɑt kəˈmɪtɪd tɪ hɪz ər hər ˈɔfərɪŋ). ənd, wɪn ðɛr ər tɛnz əv æps ðət ˈprɪti məʧ du ðə seɪm θɪŋ, ðə wərd əv maʊθ meɪ pɔɪnt ju ɪn wən dɪˈrɛkʃɪn (təˈwɔrdz ə ˈsərtən ˈɔfərɪŋ) ənd meɪk ju dɪsˈmɪs ðə ˈəðərz. keɪs ɪn pɔɪnt haʊ ˈmɛni ˈbætəri æps (frəm ðə ˈkəpəl ˈdəzən əˈveɪləbəl) hæv ju traɪd ɔn jʊr ˈwɪndoʊz foʊn? ðə ˈɔlsoʊ kleɪmz ðət ðə ˈnəmbər əv æps əˈveɪləbəl ɪn ðə ˈæpəl æp stɔr ənd ˈgugəl pleɪ (ənd, tɪ səm ɪkˈstɛnt, ˈwɪndoʊz foʊn stɔr) ɪz məʧ loʊər ðən ðə ˈnəmbərz wi rɛd ɪn nuz ˈstɔriz ər hir əˈbaʊt ˈdʊrɪŋ dɪˈvɛləpər ˈkɑnfərənsəz. əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ frɑnsˈwɑ, ðə mæn hu kənˈdəktəd ðɪs ˈstədi, ðə ˈrizən fər ðɪs laɪz ɪn ðə weɪ æps ər dɪˈskəvərd. toʊld mi ðət hi bɪˈlivz ˈjuzərz məst teɪk ə "dip lʊk ˈɪntu stɔr rɪˈzəlts tɪ faɪnd ðɛm", wɪʧ ɪz waɪ ðɛr ɪz səʧ ə sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt ˈdɪfərəns bɪtˈwin ðə əˈfɪʃəl ˈnəmbərz ənd wət ðə lɪsts. əˈnəðər ˈrizən fər ðə dɪˈskrɛpənsi maɪt bi ðə æp əˌveɪləˈbɪlɪti dɪˈvɛləpərz kən riˈstrɪkt ˈdaʊnˌloʊdz ˈoʊnli tɪ ə ˈsərtən ˈnəmbər əv ˈmɑrkɪts, wɪʧ meɪks ðɛr ˈɔfərɪŋz ˌənəˈveɪləbəl ɪn rɪˈmeɪnɪŋ ˈriʤənz (ə gʊd ɪgˈzæmpəl əv ðɪs ɪz ˈmaɪˌkroʊˈsɔfts onenote*, wɪʧ ɪz nɑt ˈɔfərd ɪn ˈɛvəri ˈkəntri wɛr ˈæpəl ənd ˈgugəl əˈlaʊ ˈjuzərz tɪ ˈdaʊnˌloʊd ənd ˌɪnˈstɔl æps). əˈnəðər ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪŋ ˈtɪdˌbɪt ðət ðə rɪˈvilz ɪz ðə peɪd æp pərˈsɛnɪʤ əv ɔl əˈveɪləbəl ˈɔfərɪŋz ˈæpəl æp stɔr lidz ðə weɪ wɪθ 50 pərˈsɛnt, ˈfɑloʊd baɪ ˈgugəl pleɪ wɪθ 32 pərˈsɛnt ənd ˈwɪndoʊz foʊn stɔr wɪθ 13 pərˈsɛnt. ðə seɪm ˈhaɪˌrɑrki ˈdəzənt əˈplaɪ tɪ ˈævərɪʤ ˈsɛlɪŋ ˈpraɪsɪz (asps*). ðə æsp ɔn ˈæpəl æp stɔr ɪz ɔn ˈgugəl pleɪ ɪt ɪz ənd ɔn ˈwɪndoʊz foʊn stɔr ɪts ðɪs ˈbeɪsɪkli minz ðət, ɔn ˈævərɪʤ, ə dɪˈvɛləpər meɪks mɔr ˈməni pər soʊld æp ɔn ˈioʊs ənd ˈwɪndoʊz foʊn ðən ɔn ˈænˌdrɔɪd. ðə ˈɔlsoʊ rɪˈvilz ən ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪŋ stəˈtɪstɪk rɪˈleɪtɪd tɪ æp ˈəpˌdeɪts. moʊst ˈdeɪli ˈəpˌdeɪts əˈkər ɔn ˈænˌdrɔɪd ˈfɑloʊd baɪ ˈioʊs 806 ənd ðɛn ˈwɪndoʊz foʊn 179 ə haɪ kaʊnt, ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ɪz nɑt ˌpɑrˈtɪkjələrli ˈtɛlɪŋ. mɔr ˈəpˌdeɪts kʊd ˌɪmˈplaɪ loʊ æp kˈwɑləti ɪn ðə seɪm weɪ ɛz ə loʊər ˈnəmbər kʊd. ðət sɛd, ðə ˌɪmˈplaɪz ðət ˈænˌdrɔɪd dɪˈvɛləpərz ər ðə moʊst kəˈmɪtɪd wənz wɪn ɪt kəmz tɪ ˌɪmˈpruvɪŋ ðɛr ˈɔfərɪŋz (teɪk ðət ɛz ju wɪʃ). ðə seɪm əˈplaɪz tɪ ˈævərɪʤ taɪm bɪtˈwin ˈəpˌdeɪts (ˈænˌdrɔɪd æps ər ˈfæstəst, ˈfɑloʊd baɪ ˈioʊs ənd ˈwɪndoʊz foʊn wənz).
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it's no secret that most mobile users only install a tiny fraction of the total number of apps available in the relevant stores. there are hundreds of thousands of offerings for android, ios and windows phone, but the vast majority will never make it onto your smartphone or tablet -- some cater to a very specific audience (like root-only apps for android), some are designed for certain local markets (internet banking apps, for instance) and some are plain dreadful (half-baked third-party clients spring to mind). it comes as no surprise then that there are apps that users don't even know about or which developers have abandoned entirely. the question is: how many?
well, according to a new infographic that was just released by stardust, over 41 percent of all android apps available in google play can be deemed as "dead" -- they have received less than 10 reviews and ratings and not a single update throughout their existence -- while a more significant 65 percent of all ios apps in the apple app store and 69 percent of all windows phone apps in the windows phone store share a similar fate. the numbers are staggering, and show that it's not easy to make an app popular. the low number of reviews indicate abysmal user awareness and interest, which may have lead to the developers ceasing to release updates (and vice-versa).
i am sure i am not alone in saying that i have often dismissed installing a certain app due to a low review count and the lack of recent updates (to me, that suggests that the developer is not committed to his or her offering). and, when there are tens of apps that pretty much do the same thing, the word of mouth may point you in one direction (towards a certain offering) and make you dismiss the others. case in point -- how many battery apps (from the couple dozen available) have you tried on your windows phone?
the infographic also claims that the number of apps available in the apple app store and google play (and, to some extent, windows phone store) is much lower than the numbers we read in news stories or hear about during developer conferences. according to francois viallon, the man who conducted this study, the reason for this lies in the way apps are discovered. viallon told me that he believes users must take a "deep look into store results to find them", which is why there is such a significant difference between the official numbers and what the infographic lists. another reason for the discrepancy might be the app availability -- developers can restrict downloads only to a certain number of markets, which makes their offerings unavailable in remaining regions (a good example of this is microsoft's onenote, which is not offered in every country where apple and google allow users to download and install apps).
another interesting tidbit that the infographic reveals is the paid app percentage of all available offerings -- apple app store leads the way with 50 percent, followed by google play with 32 percent and windows phone store with 13 percent. the same hierarchy doesn't apply to average selling prices (asps). the asp on apple app store is €3.49, on google play it is €1.73 and on windows phone store it's €2.03. this basically means that, on average, a developer makes more money per sold app on ios and windows phone than on android.
the infographic also reveals an interesting statistic related to app updates. most daily updates occur on android (2,341), followed by ios (806) and then windows phone (179). a high count, however, is not particularly telling. more updates could imply low app quality in the same way as a lower number could. that said, the infographic implies that android developers are the most committed ones when it comes to improving their offerings (take that as you wish). the same applies to average time between updates (android apps are fastest, followed by ios and windows phone ones).
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ðɛr ər ə lɔt əv mɪskənˈsɛpʃənz əˈbaʊt, ənd dɪˈskəʃənz ɔn pɑp əp ɪn ˈfɔrəmz ənd grups kwaɪt ˈɔfən. ðɪs ɪz ən əˈtɛmpt tɪ brɪŋ səm fækts ənd ˈpræktɪkəl ədˈvaɪs ɔn ðə ˈteɪbəl. ðə mɪθ ˈbəstɪŋ: jʊr sɔrs məˈtɪriəl tɪ wɪl ˈmæʤɪkəli meɪk ɪt mɔr roʊˈbəst, soʊ ju kən du ˈhɛvi ˈkələr ˈgreɪdɪŋ ɪn prɛˈmɪr wɪθ ˈbɛtər rɪˈzəlts. ˈæftər jɛt əˈnəðər dɪˈskəʃən ɔn, aɪ ˈrisəntli əreɪnʤd ə tɛst ɪn ðə tɪ prɛˈmɪr pro”*” ˈfeɪsˌbʊk grup tɪ bəst ðɪs mɪθ. aɪ dɪd səm ˈhɛvi ˈkɑntræst əˈʤəstmənts boʊθ ɔn ən ərˈɪʤənəl klɪp ənd ɔn ə ˈkɑpi meɪd wɪθ əˈdoʊbi ˈmidiə (eɪm) ənd ɪkˈspɔrtəd tu faɪlz. 8 ˈpipəl meɪd ə gɛs wɪˈθaʊt noʊɪŋ wət faɪl wɑz meɪd wɪʧ weɪ. 7 aʊt əv 8 wər rɔŋ! ðə ˈrizən ðeɪ wər rɔŋ ɪz ðət ðə ˈkɑpi ˈæˌkʧuəli lʊkt wərs ˈæftər ˈgreɪdɪŋ ðən ðə ərˈɪʤənəl, ənd ˈɔlˌweɪz bɪn toʊld ðət ɪz ˈbɛtər soʊ ðeɪ əˈsumd ðə bɛst ˈlʊkɪŋ klɪp wɑz frəm ðə faɪl. ə ˈlɔŋgər tɛst wɪθ tɛksts, soʊ ju noʊ wət ˈlʊkɪŋ æt. ðɪs wɑz ə ˈkɑpi. aɪ ˈɔlsoʊ traɪd ənd 422 hq*. ðeɪ ɔl ʃoʊ ðə seɪm ˈprɑbləm. lɪŋks tɪ ˈvɪdioʊz ər prəˈvaɪdɪd æt ðə ˈbɑtəm əv ðɪs poʊst fər ˈrɛfərəns. hir ər ðə ˈɛkspɔrt ˈsɛtɪŋz aɪ juzd ɪn ðə ərˈɪʤənəl tɛst. bət goʊ bæk tɪ ðə tɛst. waɪ dɪz ðə lʊk wərs ðən ðə ərˈɪʤənəl? ðə ˈkɑpi ɪz ə ˈsɛkənd ˌʤɛnərˈeɪʃən ˈdɪʤɪtəl ˈvɪdioʊ faɪl. ɪt wɑz kənˈvərtɪd frəm wən ˈfɔrˌmæt tɪ əˈnəðər. ɪf ju tɪ ə ˈfɔrˌmæt, ɪt wɪl ˈɔlˌweɪz bi ə ˈtaɪni bɪt dɪˈgreɪdɪd fər iʧ kənˈvərʒən. ˈhɛvi ˈgreɪdɪŋ ɪgˈzæʤərˌeɪts ðə ˈdɪfərənsɪz, ənd ɪn ðɪs tɛst ju kən ˈklɪrli si ðət ðə ərˈɪʤənəl lʊks bɛst. ˈoʊnli ɪf ju təʧ ðə ˈpɪksəlz ənd du smɑrt ˈrɛndərɪŋ ər (wɪʧ ɪz ʤɪst ˈkɑpiɪŋ ˈdætə, nɑt ˈɔltərɪŋ ɪt) wɪl ju hæv noʊ lɔs, soʊ wɪl ˈnɛvər ˌɪnˈkris ðə kˈwɑləti əv jʊr ˈfʊtɪʤ. æt ðə bɛst, ɪt wɪl kip ðə ərˈɪʤənəl kˈwɑləti. ər? ˈɔlˌmoʊst ɔl ðə ˈvɪdioʊ wi juz ər. ðɛr ər ə fju ˈɔpʃənz fər ˈstɔrɪŋ ˈvɪdioʊ, laɪk uncompressed*, ðə ənd ðə kˈwɪkˌtaɪm ˌænəˈmeɪʃən bət ˈmɛni əv ðɛm ˈoʊnli səˈpɔrt ˈvɪdioʊ, soʊ nɑt ən ˈɔpʃən ɪn ðɪs ərʤ fər ˈvɪdioʊ awesomeness*. ˌbiˈsaɪdz, ðə faɪlz gɪt hjuˈmɔŋgəs ənd ju nid ˈrɪli bɪg ənd fæst draɪvz. ənd ˈivɪn wɪn ˈjuzɪŋ, θɪŋz laɪk ðə ˈkələr ər ðə ˈkələr speɪs meɪ bi ʧeɪnʤd, soʊ ˈpɪksəl ˈvæljuz meɪ ʧeɪnʤ ənd ðə hoʊl pɔɪnt əv ðə ɪz gɔn. tərmz laɪk ˈvɪʒwəli ənd ˈvərʧuəli du nɑt ɪgˈzæktli hɛlp ˈpipəl ˌəndərˈstænd ðɪs. ðə tərm ˈvɪʒwəli (laɪk 422 hq*) minz ðət ɑr aɪz ˈkænɑt si ðə ˈdɪfərəns wɪn ju si ðə ərˈɪʤənəl ənd ðə ˈkɑpi. greɪt ənˈtɪl ju du səm ˈhɛvi ˈgreɪdɪŋ, wɪʧ ɪz wɪn ðə ˈtaɪni ˈdɪfərənsɪz ər ɪgˈzæʤərˌeɪtɪd, ənd ɑr aɪz wɪl ˈpɑsəbli si ðə ˈdɪfərəns. fər ˈpræktɪkəl ˈpərpəsɪz ðoʊ, ɪt ˈrɪli ɪz ˈvɪʒwəli. ˈvərʧuəli ɪz wət ˈæpəl kɔlz ðɛr 4444 ənd ðə neɪm ˈɪndɪˌkeɪts ðət ˈvərʧuəli (bət stɪl nɑt kəmˈplitli), du tɪ ðə ˈvɛri haɪ bitrate*. bət əˈgɛn, ðə faɪlz gɪt bɪg ənd it draɪv speɪs fər ˈbrɛkfəst. soʊ ɪn maɪ tɛst, ðɛr ɪz əv kɔrs ə ˈdɪfərəns bɪtˈwin ðə ərˈɪʤənəl faɪl ənd ðə ˈkɑpi. ðə ˈdɪfərəns kʊd nɑt bi sin ənˈtɪl aɪ ˌɪnˈkrist ðə ˈkɑntræst ə lɔt. hir ər ðə kərvz ˈsɛtɪŋz ənd ðə skoʊps wɪn ʃoʊɪŋ ðə klɪps stækt ɪn ˈdɪfərəns moʊd. ˈivɪn ˈæftər ðɪs ˈhɛvi ˈtritmənt, ðə ˈdɪfərəns ɪz nɑt juʤ, bət ðɛr. soʊ waɪ ɪt hɛlp tɪ tɪ? sɪns prɛˈmɪr proʊ baɪ dɪˈfɔlt ˈɑpərˌeɪts ˌɪnˈtərnəli ɪn ˈkələr 32 bɪts pər ˈʧænəl), ɪt meɪk məʧ sɛns tɪ jʊr ˈfʊtɪʤ tɪ. ðə ˈfʊtɪʤ wɪl bi tɪ ˈɛniˌweɪ wɪn ju stɑrt ˈgreɪdɪŋ. soʊ wət ˈædɪŋ ɪz ʤɪst wən mɔr stɛp əv ˈdɪʤɪtəl ˈprɑsɛsɪŋ æt ðə kɔst əv taɪm ənd draɪv speɪs. lɛd ˈproʊˌgræmər ɔn ðə prɛˈmɪr proʊ tim, stiv hoʊg, ɪkˈspleɪnd haʊ ðɪs wərks ɪn kɑrl blɔg poʊst bæk ɪn 2010 hɪz ˌɛkspləˈneɪʃən ɪz æt ðə ɛnd əv ðə poʊst, ənd ɪz ˌrɛkəˈmɛndɪd ˈrɛdɪŋ fər ˈɛvriˌwən hu wɔnts tɪ ˌəndərˈstænd ðə ˈɪmɪʤ ˈprɑsɛsɪŋ ɪn prɛˈmɪr. ju æd ən ˈifɛkt ənd ðə ˈtaɪmlaɪn ˈrɛndər bɑr tərnz rɛd, ðɪs ʃʊd ˈtrɪgər jʊr attention.”*.” tɪ meɪk ʃʊr ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ ɪz dən ɪn, ju nid tɪ noʊ fər ʃʊr ɪf ɪn ər moʊd ɪn prɛˈmɪr. ənd nɑt ˈɔlˌweɪz streɪt ˈfɔrwərd. ðə ˈrənˈdaʊn. ɪf ju sɛt jʊr ˈprɑʤɛkt ˈsɛtɪŋz tɪ ˌækˌsɛlərˈeɪʃən moʊd ənd juz ˈoʊnli ðə ækˈsɛlərˌeɪtɪd ˈifɛkts (ðə wənz wɪθ ðə ˈspiˌdi ˈlɛgoʊ brɪk ˈaɪkɑn) ˈizi. ˈɔlˌweɪz ɪn moʊd. jʊr ˈtaɪmlaɪn ˈrɛndər bɑr ɪz ˈjɛloʊ, ənd ɔl ɪz gʊd. ɪf ju juz ˈifɛkts, ˈivɪn wɪθ ðə ˈprɑʤɛkt sɛt tɪ moʊd, prɛˈmɪr sˈwɪʧɪz tɪ ˈsɔfˌwɛr moʊd, wɪʧ ɪz baɪ dɪˈfɔlt. wɪn ju æd ən ˈifɛkt ənd ðə ˈtaɪmlaɪn ˈrɛndər bɑr tərnz rɛd, ðɪs ʃʊd ˈtrɪgər jʊr əˈtɛnʃən. goʊ tɪ ˈsikwəns ˈsikwəns ˈsɛtɪŋz ənd tərn ɔn bɪt depth”*”, ənd ɪn əˈgɛn prəˈvaɪdɪd ðə ˈifɛkt səˈpɔrts ɪt. ju kən hæv ə lʊk æt ðə ˈəðər ˈlɛgoʊ brɪk ɪn ðə ˈifɛkts ˈpænəl, wɪʧ sɪz 32 ɪf ɪt ɪz ˈkeɪpəbəl. ju wɪl hæv tɪ pɑrk ðə ər ˈrɛndər ðə ˈtaɪmlaɪn tɪ si ðə ˈɪmɪʤ ɪn ɪts ˈtritɪd ˈglɔri wɪn ˈjuzɪŋ ækˈsɛlərˌeɪtɪd ˈifɛkts bət naʊ ju ˈɔlsoʊ hæv tɪ rɪˈmɛmbər tɪ sɛt ðə ˈɛkspɔrt tɪ ˈrɛndər ɪn, ər ðə ˈaʊtˌpʊt wɪl nɑt mæʧ wət ju si wɪn ju ˈɛdət! ju du ðɪs ɪn ðə ˈɛkspɔrt ˈpænəl ˈəndər ˈbeɪsɪk ˈvɪdioʊ ˈsɛtɪŋz ˈrɛndər æt ˈmæksəməm bɪt dɛpθ wɪn ju æd ən ˈifɛkt ənd ðə ˈtaɪmlaɪn ˈrɛndər bɑr tərnz rɛd, ðɪs ʃʊd ˈtrɪgər jʊr əˈtɛnʃən. goʊ tɪ ənd tərn ɔn bɪt depth”*”, ənd ɪn əˈgɛn prəˈvaɪdɪd ðə ˈifɛkt səˈpɔrts ɪt. ju kən hæv ə lʊk æt ðə ˈəðər ˈlɛgoʊ brɪk ɪn ðə ˈifɛkts ˈpænəl, wɪʧ sɪz 32 ɪf ɪt ɪz ˈkeɪpəbəl. bət naʊ ju ˈɔlsoʊ hæv tɪ rɪˈmɛmbər tɪ sɛt ðə ˈɛkspɔrt tɪ ˈrɛndər ɪn, ər ðə ˈaʊtˌpʊt wɪl nɑt mæʧ wət ju si wɪn ju ˈɛdət! ju du ðɪs ɪn ðə ˈɛkspɔrt ˈpænəl ˈəndər ɪf ˈwərkɪŋ ɪn ˈsɔfˌwɛr ˈoʊnli moʊd bɪˈkəz jʊr hæv ɪˈnəf ˈvɪdioʊ ræm, ðɛn ju ˈɔlˌweɪz hæv tɪ sɛt ðə ˈsikwəns ˈsɛtɪŋz ənd ðə ˈɛkspɔrt ˈsɛtɪŋz tɪ mæks bɪt dɛpθ tɪ bi ˈeɪbəl tɪ wərk ɪn. ðə rɛd ˈrɛndər bɑr ɪz jʊr riˈmaɪndər tɪ ʧɛk ðɪs ənd əˈgɛn ju wɪl hæv tɪ pɑrk ðə ər ˈrɛndər ðə ˈtaɪmlaɪn tɪ si ðə ˈækʧəwəl rɪˈzəlt. soʊ wət kən ju teɪk əˈweɪ frəm ðɪs lɪst? tɪ meɪk jʊr laɪf ˈizi, juz ə ˈsɪstəm wɪθ ə gʊd, ənd ˈoʊnli juz ˈifɛkts wɪθ ðə ˈspiˌdi ˈlɛgoʊ brɪk bæʤ. wət əˈbaʊt ɪn ˈəðər ˈsɔfˌwɛr? naʊ, ɪf wi juz dəˈvɪnˌʧi riˈzɑlv tɪ du ðə ˌbiˈfɔr ˈgreɪdɪŋ ɪn prɛˈmɪr, ɪt lʊks ə lɔt ˈbɛtər. waɪ? bɪˈkəz riˈzɑlv ˈjuzɪz ˈdɪðərɪŋ tɪ əˈvɔɪd ˈbændɪŋ ˈɪʃuz. ˈdɪðər ɪz ˈæˌkʧuəli ˈædɪŋ səm ˈmaɪnər ˈɛrərz tɪ ðə ˈsɪgnəl, bət ɪt wɪl lʊk ˈbɛtər. ə lɔt ˈbɛtər. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/dither*. ɪt stɪl bi mɔr roʊˈbəst fər ˈgreɪdɪŋ ɪf ˈwərkɪŋ ɪn moʊd ɪn prɛˈmɪr sɪns ɔl dən ɪn, bət ɪt bi ˈnoʊtɪsəbli wərs ˈiðər. noʊt ðət ə ˈgæmə ʃɪft ɪn ðə faɪl frəm riˈzɑlv bɪˈkəz əv ðə ˈdɪfərənt weɪz riˈzɑlv ənd prɛˈmɪr ““interpret”*” ðə. ðɪs lʊks ə lɔt ˈbɛtər ðən ðə wi gɪt frəm eɪm. ðə eɪm tɛst fər kəmˈpɛrəsən. soʊ noʊ daʊt əˈbaʊt ɪt; ˈdɪðərɪŋ ɪz ə gʊd weɪ tɪ əˈvɔɪd ˈbændɪŋ ənd ˈblɑkɪŋ ˈɪʃuz wɪn. soʊ hoʊp ðət əˈdoʊbi ædz ˈdɪðərɪŋ ɛz ən ˈɔpʃən ɪn fˈjuʧər ˈvərʒənz. ˈprɑksi ˈwərkˌfloʊ fər ðə wɪn! wɪθ ðə ˈprɑksi ˈɛdɪtɪŋ ˈwərkˌfloʊ ˈkəmɪŋ ɪn ðə ˈsəmər 2016 ˈəpˌdeɪt, ðə nid fər gʊd wɪl dɪˈmɪnɪʃ. ˈjuzɪŋ ˌɔtəˈmætɪk ˈprɑksi ˌʤɛnərˈeɪʃən, ju kən ˈɛdət sˈmuðli wɪθ ˈprɑksiz ˈivɪn ɔn ə ˈsɪstəm, ənd ju kən swɪʧ tɪ ðə ərˈɪʤənəl faɪlz wɪθ ðə klɪk əv ə ˈbətən ˌbiˈfɔr ˈgreɪdɪŋ ənd ˈfɪnɪʃɪŋ. wi gɪt ðə bɛst əv boʊθ wərldz! ɔl ðɪs æt ðə kɔst əv səm draɪv speɪs əv kɔrs bət ðə ˈprɑksi faɪlz ər məʧ sˈmɔlər ðən ˌhaɪkˈwɑləti faɪlz. ˈɛniˌweɪ ənd ˈsɑri tɪ bi ðə ˈbɛrər əv bæd nuz, bət ju ˈmæʤɪkəli geɪn ˈɛni kˈwɑləti ɔn jʊr ˈfʊtɪʤ baɪ. ðɛr ɪz ˌæbsəˈlutli noʊ ˈrizən tɪ məˈtɪriəl tɪ ˌbiˈfɔr ˈgreɪdɪŋ ɪn prɛˈmɪr. ˈəðər ˈrizənz tɪ ðɛr ər lɑts əv ˈəðər gʊd ˈrizənz tɪ əv kɔrs, laɪk ˈgɪtɪŋ ɪf ðə sɔrs faɪlz du nɑt hæv ðɪs, ənd ðə fækt ðət ˈɛdɪtɪŋ ən ˈfɔrˌmæt wɪʧ wɪl meɪk jʊr ˈtaɪmlaɪnz skrəb laɪk ˈbətər. səm ˈpipəl kənfˈjuz wɪθ ðə ““prepping”*” əv məˈtɪriəl ðət səm ˈpipəl du tɪ kriˈeɪt ə negative”*” (aɪ heɪt ðət wərd) ˌbiˈfɔr ˈɛdɪtɪŋ. ɪf jʊr ˈprɛpɪŋ minz ju du səm ˈvuˌdu laɪk ˈkɑnvərt rɑ lɔg tɪ ˈlɪniər ˈvɪdioʊ, rən ə ənd æd səm greɪn ðɛn ju ʃʊd ˈɑbviəsli seɪv ðə rɪˈzəltɪŋ faɪl ɪn ə tɪ rɪˈteɪn ɔl ðə ˈditeɪlz. nɑt, ðoʊ ˈɪmɪʤ ˈtritmənt. ðə ˈprɔˌsɛs əv dɪz kɔsts taɪm, ˈstɔrɪʤ, ənd ˌpərsəˈnɛl tɪ ədˈmɪnɪstər, təf ənd ɔl ðɪs ˈtrænsˌleɪts tɪ ˈməni. ɔn bɪg pərˈdəkʃənz, ðə əˈdɪʃənəl kɔsts kən bi kənˈsɪdərəbəl, ənd meɪ nɑt bi wərθ ɪt. æt list naʊ, ju noʊ ju hæv tɪ du ɪt tɪ geɪn ˈbɛtər ˈɪmɪʤ kˈwɑləti. wɪl ˈnɛvər ˌɪnˈkris ðə kˈwɑləti əv jʊr ˈfʊtɪʤ. æt ðə bɛst, ɪt wɪl kip ðə ərˈɪʤənəl quality.”*.” dɪˈskleɪmərz ʤɪst tɪ bi klɪr: aɪ θɪŋk ˈɛniˌwən wʊd ˈnɔrməli du səʧ ˈkreɪzi ˈgreɪdɪŋ ɛz aɪ dɪd ɪn ðɪs tɛst. ɪt wɑz dən tɪ meɪk ðə ˈdɪfərənsɪz ɪn kˈwɑləti mɔr ˈvɪzəbəl. ɪn əˈdɪʃən, ðə ˈvɪdioʊ klɪp wɑz ˈkɛrfəli səˈlɛktɪd bɪˈkəz ɪt hæd ə ˈvɛri smuð ˈgreɪdiənt skaɪ ðət aɪ nu wʊd ˈrɪli ʃoʊ ðə ˈɑrtəˌfækts. ðə kˈwɑləti lɔs ɪn ðə ˈaʊtˌpʊt wɪθ mɔr ““normal”*” ˈgreɪdɪŋ wʊd bi ˈɔlˌmoʊst ˈnɛglɪʤəbəl. ˈɔlsoʊ, ðə tɛst ənd ðɪs ˈɑrtɪkəl seɪ ˈnəθɪŋ əˈbaʊt haʊ ˈəðər ˈsɔfˌwɛr wʊd ˈhændəl ə əv ðə seɪm məˈtɪriəl. ɪn ɪt ɪz ə greɪt aɪˈdiə tɪ tɪ, sɪns ɪt ˈfɔrsɪz tɪ wərk ɪn ˌɪnˈstɛd əv. ˈmɑdərn ˈtɪpɪkəli wərk ɪn ˈkələr ˌɪnˈtərnəli. bət ðə pɔɪnt ɪz tɪ ʃoʊ ðət æt list ɪn prɛˈmɪr proʊ, ə weɪst əv taɪm ənd draɪv. ɪz ən əˈdoʊbi prɛˈmɪr proʊ ˈmæstər ˈtreɪnər ənd ðə ˈɔθər əv ðə kul stəf ɪn prɛˈmɪr proʊ. bɪtˈwin fɪlm ˈprɑʤɛkts hi ˈtrævəlz ðə wərld duɪŋ prɛˈmɪr proʊ ənd ˈæftər ˈifɛkts ˈtreɪnɪŋ fər boʊθ bɪˈgɪnərz ənd haɪɛnd prəˈfɛʃənəlz. ˈɔlsoʊ rənz premierepro.net*, wɛr ju kən faɪnd lɑts əv fri templates*, ənd tuˈtɔriəlz. əˈdɪʃənəl tɛsts ðə ˈfɑloʊɪŋ ˈvɪdioʊ ʃoʊz rɪˈzəlts əv tɪ ˈgoʊˌproʊ yuv*. ðə ˈfɑloʊɪŋ ˈvɪdioʊ ʃoʊz rɪˈzəlts əv ˈgoʊˌproʊ ˈfʊtɪʤ tɪ. ɛz ju kən si, ðɪs ˈfʊtɪʤ lʊks ˈprɪti məʧ aɪˈdɛntɪkəl ˌbiˈfɔr ənd ˈæftər, ˈivɪn ˈæftər ˈgreɪdɪŋ. soʊ ðə ˌɪmˈpækt əv ðə ˈprɔˌsɛs dɪˈpɛndz ɔn ðə ˈfʊtɪʤ. wɑz ðɪs poʊst ˈhɛlpfəl:
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there are a lot of misconceptions about transcoding, and discussions on transcoding pop up in forums and groups quite often. this is an attempt to bring some facts and practical advice on the table.
the myth we’re busting: transcoding your 8-bit source material to 10-bit will magically make it more robust, so you can do heavy color grading in premiere with better results.
after yet another discussion on transcoding, i recently arranged a test in the “moving to premiere pro” facebook group to bust this myth. i did some heavy contrast adjustments both on an original 8-bit dlsr clip and on a dnxhd 10-bit copy made with adobe media encoder (ame) and exported two files. 8 people made a guess without knowing what file was made which way. 7 out of 8 were wrong!
the reason they were wrong is that the 10-bit copy actually looked worse after grading than the 8-bit original, and we’ve always been told that 10-bit is better so they assumed the best looking clip was from the 10-bit file.
here’s a longer test with texts, so you know what you’re looking at.
this was a dnxhd 10-bit copy. i also tried cineform 10-bit and prores 422 hq. they all show the same problem. links to videos are provided at the bottom of this post for reference. here are the export settings i used in the original test.
but let’s go back to the test. why does the 10-bit look worse than the 8-bit original? the 10-bit copy is a second generation digital video file. it was converted from one format to another. if you transcode to a lossy format, it will always be a tiny bit degraded for each conversion. heavy grading exaggerates the differences, and in this test you can clearly see that the original looks best. only if you don’t touch the pixels and do smart rendering or re-wrapping (which is just copying data, not altering it) will you have no loss, so transcoding will never increase the quality of your footage. at the best, it will keep the original quality.
lossy or lossless?
almost all the video codecs we use are lossy. there are a few options for storing lossless video, like uncompressed, the lagarith codec and the quicktime animation codec but many of them only support 8-bit video, so they’re not an option in this urge for 10-bit video awesomeness. besides, the files get humongous and you need really big and fast drives. and even when using lossless codecs, things like the color subsampling or the color space may be changed, so pixel values may change and the whole point of the lossless-ness is gone.
terms like visually lossless and virtually lossless do not exactly help people understand this. the term visually lossless (like prores 422 hq) means that our eyes cannot see the difference when you see the original and the copy. that’s great until you do some heavy grading, which is when the tiny differences are exaggerated, and our eyes will possibly see the difference. for practical purposes though, it really is visually lossless.
virtually lossless is what apple calls their prores 4444, and the name indicates that it’s virtually (but still not completely) lossless, due to the very high bitrate. but again, the files get big and eat drive space for breakfast.
so in my test, there is of course a difference between the original file and the transcoded copy. the difference could not be seen until i increased the contrast a lot. here are the rgb curves settings and the scopes when showing the clips stacked in difference mode. even after this heavy treatment, the difference is not huge, but it’s there.
so why doesn’t it help to transcode to 10-bit?
since premiere pro by default operates internally in 32-bit color (that’s 32 bits per channel), it doesn’t make much sense to transcode your 8-bit footage to 10-bit. the 8-bit footage will be up-sampled to 32-bit anyway when you start grading. so what you’re adding is just one more step of digital processing at the cost of time and drive space.
lead programmer on the premiere pro team, steve hoeg, explained how this works in karl soule’s blog post back in 2010. his explanation is at the end of the post, and is recommended reading for everyone who wants to understand the image processing in premiere.
“when you add an effect and the timeline render bar turns red, this should trigger your attention.”
to make sure everything is done in 32-bit, you need to know for sure if you’re in 8-bit or 32-bit mode in premiere. and it’s not always straight forward. here’s the run-down.
if you set your project settings to gpu acceleration mode and use only the gpu accelerated effects (the ones with the speedy lego brick icon) it’s easy. you’re always in 32-bit mode. your timeline render bar is yellow, and all is good.
if you use non-accelerated effects, even with the project set to gpu mode, premiere switches to software mode, which is by default 8-bit. when you add an effect and the timeline render bar turns red, this should trigger your attention. go to sequence > sequence settings and turn on “maximum bit depth”, and you’re in 32-bit again provided the effect supports it. you can have a look at the other lego brick in the effects panel, which says 32 if it is 32-bit capable. you will have to park the playhead or render the timeline to see the image in its 32-bit treated glory when using non-gpu accelerated effects .
but now you also have to remember to set the export to render in 32-bit, or the output will not match what you see when you edit! you do this in the export panel under basic video settings > render at maximum bit depth .
when you add an effect and the timeline render bar turns red, this should trigger your attention. go to and turn on “maximum bit depth”, and you’re in 32-bit again provided the effect supports it. you can have a look at the other lego brick in the effects panel, which says 32 if it is 32-bit capable. . but now you also have to remember to set the export to render in 32-bit, or the output will not match what you see when you edit! you do this in the export panel under . if you’re working in software only mode because your gpu doesn’t have enough video ram, then you always have to set the sequence settings and the export settings to max bit depth to be able to work in 32-bit. the red render bar is your reminder to check this and again you will have to park the playhead or render the timeline to see the actual result.
so what can you take away from this list? to make your life easy, use a system with a good gpu, and only use effects with the speedy lego brick badge.
what about transcoding in other software?
now, if we use davinci resolve to do the transcoding before grading in premiere, it looks a lot better. why? because resolve uses dithering to avoid banding issues. dither is actually adding some minor errors to the signal, but it will look better. a lot better. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/dither. it still won’t be more robust for grading if you’re working in gpu mode in premiere since it’s all done in 32-bit, but it won’t be noticeably worse either. note that there’s a gamma shift in the prores file from resolve because of the different ways resolve and premiere “interpret” the h.264 codec.
this looks a lot better than the prores we get from ame. here’s the ame prores test for comparison.
so there’s no doubt about it; dithering is a good way to avoid banding and blocking issues when transcoding. so let’s hope that adobe adds dithering as an option in future versions.
proxy workflow for the win!
with the proxy editing workflow coming in the summer 2016 update, the need for good transcoding will diminish. using automatic proxy generation, you can edit smoothly with proxies even on a not-so-beefy system, and you can switch to the original files with the click of a button before grading and finishing.
we get the best of both worlds! all this at the cost of some drive space of course but the proxy files are much smaller than high-quality transcoded files.
anyway and sorry to be the bearer of bad news, but you don’t magically gain any 10-bit quality on your footage by transcoding. there is absolutely no reason to transcode 8-bit material to 10-bit before grading in premiere.
other reasons to transcode
there are lots of other good reasons to transcode of course, like getting timecode if the source files do not have this, and the fact that you’re editing an intra-frame format which will make your timelines scrub like butter.
some people confuse transcoding with the “prepping” of material that some people do to create a “digital negative” (i hate that word) before editing. if your prepping means you do some voodoo like convert raw and/or log to linear video, run a denoiser and add some grain then you should obviously save the resulting file in a 10-bit codec to retain all the details. that’s not transcoding, though it’s image treatment.
the process of transcoding does costs time, storage, and personnel to administer, tough and all this translates to money. on big 4k productions, the additional costs can be considerable, and transcoding may not be worth it. at least now, you know you don’t have to do it to gain better image quality.
“transcoding will never increase the quality of your footage. at the best, it will keep the original quality.”
disclaimers
just to be clear: i don’t think anyone would normally do such crazy grading as i did in this test. it was done to make the differences in quality more visible. in addition, the video clip was carefully selected because it had a very smooth gradient sky that i knew would really show the artifacts. the quality loss in the output with more “normal” grading would be almost negligible.
also, the test and this article say nothing about how other software would handle a 10-bit transcode of the same material. in fcp7 it is a great idea to transcode to 10-bit, since it forces fcp to work in 10-bit instead of 8-bit. modern nles typically work in 32-bit color internally. but the point is to show that at least in premiere pro, it’s a waste of time and drive.
jarle leirpoll is an adobe premiere pro master trainer and the author of the cool stuff in premiere pro. between film projects he travels the world doing premier pro and after effects training for both beginners and high-end professionals. jarle also runs premierepro.net, where you can find lots of free templates, presets and tutorials.
additional tests
the following video shows results of transcoding to 10-bit gopro cineform yuv.
the following video shows results of transcoding gopro footage to dnxhd. as you can see, this footage looks pretty much identical before and after transcoding, even after grading. so the impact of the transcoding process depends on the footage.
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tɛn jɪrz əˈgoʊ təˈdeɪ, ə mæn ˈimərʤd frəm ˈprɪzən tɪ bi ˈgritɪd baɪ ə kraʊd əv hɪz səˈpɔrtərz ɛmˈbreɪsɪŋ ɪm wɪθ kɑrˈneɪʃənz ənd ə kraʊd əv hɪz ˈɛnəmiz drɔɪŋ ðɛr ˈfɪŋgərz əˈkrɔs ðɛr θroʊts. hi hæd sərvd 18 jɪrz ɪn ˈprɪzən, 11 əv ðɛm ɪn ˈsɑləˌtɛri kənˈfaɪnmənt. ðə mæn wɑz ˈmɔrdəˌkaɪ vəˈnunu, ðə ˈwɪsəlˌbloʊər hu, ɪn 1986 keɪm tɪ ˈbrɪtən tɪ tɛl ðə ˈsənˌdi taɪmz ðə ˈstɔri əv ðə ðɛn ˈsikrɪt ˈnukliər ˈwɛpənz fəˈsɪlɪti æt dɪˈmoʊˌnɑ ɪn ˈɪzriəl. aʊt əˈloʊn ɪn ˈləndən ənd ˌdɪsɪˈluʒənd wɪθ ðə lɛŋθ əv taɪm ðə ˈstɔri simd tɪ bi ˈteɪkɪŋ tɪ riʧ ˌpəblɪˈkeɪʃən, hi wɑz lʊrd baɪ ə ˈwʊmən frəm moʊˈsɑd tɪ ˈɪtəli. ðɛr, hi wɑz ˈkɪdˌnæpt, drəgd ənd sˈməgəld aʊt əv ðə ˈkəntri tɪ ˈɪzriəl, wɛr hi wɑz kənˈvɪktəd əv ˈɛspiənɑʤ. ɔn hɪz riˈlis frəm ˈprɪzən, hi wɑz lɛd tɪ bɪˈliv ðət hi wʊd sun bi fri tɪ liv ðə ˈkəntri wɛr hi ɪz ˈvɪləfaɪd ənd rɪˈgɑrdɪd ɛz ə ˈtreɪtər. wɪn aɪ ˈɪntərvˌjud ɪm ɪn ʤərˈusələm sɪks mənθs ˈleɪtər, bæk ɪn 2004 hi wɑz stɪl ˈhoʊpfəl ðət, ˈhævɪŋ sərvd hɪz taɪm, hi wʊd bi ˈeɪbəl tɪ stɑrt ə nu laɪf əˈbrɔd. ɪt həz tərnd aʊt tɪ bi ən ˈɛmti hoʊp. læst dɪˈsɛmbər, hi feɪld ɪn ðə haɪ kɔrt əv ˈʤəstɪs ɪn hɪz ˈleɪtəst bɪd tɪ bi əˈlaʊd tɪ liv. dɪz ˈɛdwərd sˈnoʊdən, ɛz hi əˈʤəsts tɪ laɪf ɪn ˈmɔˌskaʊ, ˈwəndər ˈwɛðər hi wɪl stɪl bi ˈhɔntɪd ənd ˈhənɪd baɪ ðə ˈjuˈɛs ˈgəvərnmənt fər ˈdɛkeɪdz tɪ kəm? noʊ wən ˈsɪriəsli kleɪmz ðət ðə mæn hu wɑz ɪgˈzɑstɪvli dɪˈbrift baɪ ðə ˈsənˌdi taɪmz ˈnɪrli 30 jɪrz əˈgoʊ həz ˈɛni ˈsikrɪts əp hɪz sliv. ðə dɪˈsɪʒən tɪ riˈstrɪkt hɪz ˈmuvmənts simz tɪ bi beɪst mɔr ɔn ə dɪˈzaɪər tɪ ˌɪnˈflɪkt ˈpənɪʃmənt ɔn ən ˌənrɪˈpɛntənt mæn ðən fər sɪˈkjʊrəti kənˈsərnz. ə ˈpæsɪfɪst hu həz ərʤd ðə ˌpælɪˈstɪniənz tɪ pərˈsu ðɛr eɪmz baɪ nɑnˈvaɪələnt minz, hi wɑz nɑt ə spaɪ bət wɑz ˈdrɪvən tɪ hɪz ˈækʃənz baɪ ə ˈhɔrər əv ˌhɪˈroʊʃɪmə ənd ðə ˌpɑsəˈbɪləˌti əv ə ˈnukliər wɔr ɪn ðə ˈmɪdəl ist. ˈraɪtɪŋ ɪn ˈhɑrɛts læst jɪr, bɛn dru ˈpɛrəˌlɛlz bɪtˈwin ðə ˈkeɪsɪz əv vəˈnunu ənd sˈnoʊdən, hu boʊθ "hæd ˈʤunjər pəˈzɪʃənz ɪn dɪˈfɛns ˌɔrgənɪˈzeɪʃənz, ɪn wɪʧ ðeɪ wər ɪkˈspoʊzd tɪ ˈsɛnsɪtɪv ˈnæʃənəl ˈsikrɪts. boʊθ bɪˈkeɪm kənˈvɪnst ðɛr ɪmˈplɔɪərz wər riˈspɑnsəbəl fər ˌɪˈmɔrəl ækts ənd ˌdɪˈsaɪdɪd tɪ ˈvaɪəleɪt ðɛr oʊθs əv ˈsikrəsi ənd tɛl ðə wərld əˈbaʊt ðɛm." bɛn səˈʤɛstɪd ðət "ˌɪzˈreɪliz hu səˈpɔrt sˈnoʊdən, ənd hu si ɪm ɛz ə ˈfridəm ˈfaɪtər hu ɪkˈspoʊzd ðə əˈmɛrɪkən ˈɛmpaɪər ɪn ɪts hɪˈpɑkrəsi ənd ˈivəl, nid tɪ rɪˈleɪt tɪ hɪz ˌɪzˈreɪli ˈprɛdəˌsɛsər ɪn ðə seɪm weɪ". vəˈnunu həz ˈɔlsoʊ bɪn kəmˈpɛrd wɪθ əˈnəðər əˈmɛrɪkən hu blu ðə ˈwɪsəl ɔn wət hi rɪˈgɑrdɪd ɛz hɪz ˈkəntriz ˌɪˈmɔrəl ækˈtɪvɪtiz. ˌɪnˈdid hi həz ˈɔfən bɪn dɪˈskraɪbd ɛz ðə ˌɪzˈreɪli ˈdænjəl ˈɛlzbərg, tɪ wɪʧ ðə ˈlætər rɪˈspɑndz: "aɪ kən ˈoʊnli seɪ ðət aɪ wʊd bi praʊd tɪ bi noʊn ɛz ðə əˈmɛrɪkən vəˈnunu, ˌɔlˈðoʊ maɪ oʊn ˈpɑsəbəl ˈsɛntəns əv 115 jɪrz fər rɪˈvilɪŋ steɪt ˈsikrɪts [ðə ˈpɛnɪˌgɑn ˈpeɪpərz] wɑz əˈvərtəd baɪ dɪˈskloʊʒər əv ˈgəvərnmənt mɪˈskɑndəkt əˈgɛnst mi wɪʧ peɪlz nɛkst tɪ ðə ˌɪzˈreɪli mɪˈskɑndəkt ɪn əˈsɔltɪŋ, ˈdrəgɪŋ ənd ˈkɪdˌnæpɪŋ vəˈnunu ɪn ðə ˈprɔˌsɛs əv ˈbrɪŋɪŋ ɪm tɪ traɪəl, lɛt əˈloʊn ðə 11 jɪrz əv ˈsɑləˌtɛri kənˈfaɪnmənt hi wɑz fɔrst tɪ ɪnˈdʊr." ðə ənd ðə ˈbrɪtɪʃ ˈmidiə hæv ə ˈspɛʃəl riˌspɑnsəˈbɪləti təˈwɔrdz vəˈnunu. hi wɑz pərsˈweɪdɪd tɪ kəm tɪ ˈləndən ɔn ðə ˌəndərˈstændɪŋ ðət hi wʊd bi prəˈtɛktɪd. ðə ˈsənˌdi taɪmz ˈʤərnəlɪst wɪθ hum hi wərkt moʊst ˈkloʊsli, ˈpitər hounam*, ˈleɪtər roʊt ɪn hɪz bʊk ɔn ðə keɪs, ðə ˈwʊmən frəm moʊˈsɑd, ðət "tɪ moʊst seɪn ˈpipəl hi dɪd ˈsəmθɪŋ breɪv ənd ˌɔltruˈɪstɪk". ðə ˈnæʃənəl ˈjunjən əv ˈʤərnəlɪsts ˈrɛkəgˌnaɪzd ɪts ˈduti tɪ ˈwɪsəlˌbloʊərz hu rɪsk ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ ənd meɪd vəˈnunu ən ˈɑnərˌɛri ˈmɛmbər ɔn hɪz riˈlis frəm ʤeɪl. ðə prəˈpraɪətər əv ðə ˈpeɪpər ðət brɔt ɪm tɪ ˈɪŋglənd ˈɔlsoʊ həz riˌspɑnsəˈbɪləti ənd wən hoʊps ðət hi, tu, meɪ jɛt gɪv vəˈnunu ðə sɔrt əv ˈbækɪŋ ðət ðoʊz ɪn hɪz dɪˈrɛkt ɪmˈplɔɪmənt hæv hæd wɪn feɪst wɪθ ˈligəl ˈækʃən. ðiz ər ənfərˈgɪvɪŋ taɪmz fər ˈpipəl hu wɔnt tɪ ɪkˈspoʊz wət ˈgəvərnmənts wɔnt kɛpt ˈsikrɪt. ɪn ˈiʤɪpt, ˈʤərnəlɪsts frəm ər hɛld ɪn ˈprɪzən ɔn ˈbeɪsləs ˈʧɑrʤɪz, ənd ˈoʊvər ðə pæst fju wiks wi hæv ˈɔlsoʊ sin haʊ ðə əˈθɔrətiz ɪn ˌɪˈrɑk, ˈlɪˌbiə, ˈtərki, ˈʧaɪnə ənd ˈsɪriə tɪ neɪm ʤɪst ə fju əv ðə wərst əˈfɛndərz dil wɪθ ðoʊz ˌɪnˈvɑlvd ɪn ˈprɑpəˌgeɪtɪŋ ənˈkəmfərtəbəl truθs. ɛz ðə ˈjuˈɛs ˈsɛkrəˌtɛri əv steɪt, ʤɑn ˈkɛri, kənˈtɪnjuz tɪ ɪnˈkərəʤ ðə riˈlis əv ˌpælɪˈstɪniən ˈprɪzənərz tɪ ˈfərðər ðə ˈmɪdəl ist pis ˈprɔˌsɛs, haʊ ˈædmərəbəl ɪt wʊd bi ɪf ˈsəmˌwən hu rɪskt hɪz laɪf ənd ˈsænəti fər ðə ˈvɛri ˈpərpəs əv pis wɑz ˈfaɪnəli əˈlaʊd tɪ lɛd ə ˈnɔrməl laɪf ɪn ðə ˈkəntri əv hɪz ˈʧuzɪŋ.
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ten years ago today, a man emerged from prison to be greeted by a crowd of his supporters embracing him with carnations and a crowd of his enemies drawing their fingers across their throats. he had served 18 years in prison, 11 of them in solitary confinement.
the man was mordechai vanunu, the whistleblower who, in 1986, came to britain to tell the sunday times the story of the then secret nuclear weapons facility at dimona in israel. out alone in london and disillusioned with the length of time the story seemed to be taking to reach publication, he was lured by a woman from mossad to italy. there, he was kidnapped, drugged and smuggled out of the country to israel, where he was convicted of espionage.
on his release from prison, he was led to believe that he would soon be free to leave the country where he is vilified and regarded as a traitor. when i interviewed him in jerusalem six months later, back in 2004, he was still hopeful that, having served his time, he would be able to start a new life abroad. it has turned out to be an empty hope. last december, he failed in the high court of justice in his latest bid to be allowed to leave. does edward snowden, as he adjusts to life in moscow, wonder whether he will still be haunted and hunted by the us government for decades to come?
no one seriously claims that the man who was exhaustively debriefed by the sunday times nearly 30 years ago has any secrets up his sleeve. the decision to restrict his movements seems to be based more on a desire to inflict punishment on an unrepentant man than for security concerns. a pacifist who has urged the palestinians to pursue their aims by non-violent means, he was not a spy but was driven to his actions by a horror of hiroshima and the possibility of a nuclear war in the middle east.
writing in ha'aretz last year, aluf benn drew parallels between the cases of vanunu and snowden, who both "had junior positions in defence organisations, in which they were exposed to sensitive national secrets. both became convinced their employers were responsible for immoral acts and decided to violate their oaths of secrecy and tell the world about them." benn suggested that "israelis who support snowden, and who see him as a freedom fighter who exposed the american empire in its hypocrisy and evil, need to relate to his israeli predecessor in the same way".
vanunu has also been compared with another american who blew the whistle on what he regarded as his country's immoral activities. indeed he has often been described as the israeli daniel ellsberg, to which the latter responds: "i can only say that i would be proud to be known as the american vanunu, although my own possible sentence of 115 years for revealing state secrets [the pentagon papers] was averted by disclosure of government misconduct against me which pales next to the israeli misconduct in assaulting, drugging and kidnapping vanunu in the process of bringing him to trial, let alone the 11 years of solitary confinement he was forced to endure."
the uk and the british media have a special responsibility towards vanunu. he was persuaded to come to london on the understanding that he would be protected. the sunday times journalist with whom he worked most closely, peter hounam, later wrote in his book on the case, the woman from mossad, that "to most sane people he did something brave and altruistic". the national union of journalists recognised its duty to whistleblowers who risk everything and made vanunu an honorary member on his release from jail. the proprietor of the paper that brought him to england also has responsibility and one hopes that he, too, may yet give vanunu the sort of backing that those in his direct employment have had when faced with legal action.
these are unforgiving times for people who want to expose what governments want kept secret. in egypt, journalists from al-jazeera are held in prison on baseless charges, and over the past few weeks we have also seen how the authorities in iraq, libya, turkey, china and syria – to name just a few of the worst offenders – deal with those involved in propagating uncomfortable truths.
as the us secretary of state, john kerry, continues to encourage the release of palestinian prisoners to further the middle east peace process, how admirable it would be if someone who risked his life and sanity for the very purpose of peace was finally allowed to lead a normal life in the country of his choosing.
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ə ˈpərsən fəˈmɪljər wɪθ ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃən toʊld ðə nuz ˈeɪʤənsi ˈrɔɪtərz ɔn ˈtuzˌdeɪ ðət ˈʤərməniz ˈlɑrʤəst bæŋk rɪˈsivd ə səˈpinə frəm ðə ˈjuˈɛs ˈspɛʃəl ˈkaʊnsəl ˈsɛvərəl wiks əˈgoʊ tɪ prəˈvaɪd ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən ɔn ˈsərtən ˈməni ənd ˈkrɛdɪt trænˈzækʃənz, kənˈfərmɪŋ ən ˈɑrtɪkəl baɪ ˈʤərmən ˈdeɪli ˈpəblɪʃt ɔn ðə seɪm deɪ. rɛd mɔr: ˈdɑnəld trəmp oʊz dɔɪʧ bæŋk bɪg bəks ˈprɛzɪdənt trəmps ˈlɔjər, ʤeɪ ˈsɛkuloʊ, ˈleɪtər dɪˈnaɪd ðə rɪˈpɔrts. "noʊ səˈpinə həz bɪn ˈɪʃud ər rɪˈsivd. wi hæv kənˈfərmd ðɪs wɪθ ðə bæŋk ənd ˈəðər ˈsɔrsəz," hi sɛd. waɪt haʊs ˈspoʊksˌwʊmən ˈsɛrə ˈsændərz ˈɔlsoʊ rɪˈʤɛktɪd ðə rɪˈpɔrts, seɪɪŋ ðeɪ wər "kəmˈplitli fɔls." dɔɪʧ bæŋk həz loʊnd ðə trəmp ˌɔrgənəˈzeɪʃən ən ˈɛstəˌmeɪtɪd 300 ˈmɪljən ˈmɪljən) fər ɪts ril ɛˈsteɪt ˈdilɪŋz praɪər tɪ ˈdɑnəld trəmp bɪˈkəmɪŋ ˈprɛzɪdənt. ðə bæŋk sɛd ɪt wʊd nɑt ˈkɑmɛnt ɔn ˈɛni əv ɪts klaɪənts, ˈædɪŋ ðət ɪt "ˈɔlˌweɪz koʊˈɑpərˌeɪts wɪθ ˌɪnˈvɛstəˌgeɪtɪŋ əˈθɔrətiz ɪn ɔl ˈkəntriz." mˈjulər ɪz ˌɪnˈvɛstəˌgeɪtɪŋ əˈlɛʤd ˈrəʃən əˈtɛmpts tɪ ˈɪnfluəns ðə 2016 ˈjuˈɛs ˌprɛzɪˈdɛnʃəl ɪˈlɛkʃən ənd pəˈtɛnʃəl kəˈluʒən baɪ trəmp eɪdz. ˈrəʃə həz dɪˈnaɪd ˈmɛdəlɪŋ ɪn ðə ɪˈlɛkʃən ənd trəmp həz kɔld ðə ˈspɛʃəl ˈkaʊnsəlz ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃən ə "wɪʧ hənt." ˈdilɪŋz wɪθ ˈrəʃə səˈspɛktɪd ɪn ʤun, dɔɪʧ bæŋk rɪˈʤɛktɪd dɪˈmændz baɪ ˈjuˈɛs haʊs ˈdɛməˌkræts tɪ prəˈvaɪd ˈditeɪlz əv trəmps ˈfaɪˌnænsɪz, seɪɪŋ ˈʃɛrɪŋ klaɪənt ˈdætə wʊd bi ˌɪˈligəl ənˈlɛs ɪt rɪˈsivd ə ˈfɔrməl rɪkˈwɛst tɪ du soʊ. rɛd mɔr: trəmp rɪˈlisɪz ˌfaɪˈnænʃəl dɪˈskloʊʒər fər 2016 ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnətɪv mækˈsin ˈwɔtərz əv ˌkæləˈfɔrnjə ənd ˈəðər ˈdɛməˌkræts hæv æst ˈwɛðər ðə bæŋks loʊnz tɪ trəmp, meɪd jɪrz ˌbiˈfɔr hi ræn fər ˈprɛzɪdənt, wər ɪn ˈɛni weɪ kəˈnɛktɪd tɪ ˈrəʃə. dɔɪʧ bæŋk ˈfeɪsɪz kˈwɛsʧənz əˈbaʊt ə ˈsɪriz əv ˈsoʊˈkɔld ˈrəʃən ˈmɪrər treɪdz, ɪn wɪʧ ɪt əˈlɛʤədli hɛlpt ˈrəʃən klaɪənts muv ˈməni aʊt əv ðə ˈkəntri. ðoʊz treɪdz ər biɪŋ ˌɪnˈvɛstəˌgeɪtɪd ɪn ˈməltəpəl proʊbz ɪn ðə ˈjuˈɛs ənd ˈjʊrəp. ðə mˈjulər ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃən naʊ wɔnts ðə bæŋk tɪ ˈditeɪl ˈɛni taɪz bɪtˈwin ðoʊz treɪdz ər ˈəðər ˈrəʃən fɪˈnænsɪŋ ɛz ɪt siks tɪ aɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪ ˈɛniˌwən kəˈnɛktɪd tɪ ˈdɑnəld trəmp, hɪz ˈfæməli ər ædˈvaɪzərz. rɛd mɔr: ˈrəʃən tæks əˈθɔrətiz ˈhoʊmɪŋ ɪn ɔn dɔɪʧ bæŋk trəmps riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪp wɪθ dɔɪʧ bæŋk ˈstrɛʧɪz bæk səm tu ˈdɛkeɪdz ənd ðə ˈrəfli 300 ˈmɪljən hi oʊz tɪ ðə bæŋk ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnts ˈnɪrli hæf əv hɪz ˌaʊtˈstændɪŋ dɛt, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ə ˌʤuˈlaɪ 2016 æˈnælɪsɪs kəmˈpaɪld baɪ ˈblumbərg nuz ˈeɪʤənsi. ðət ˈfɪgjər ˌɪnˈkludz ə loʊn trəmp tʊk aʊt tɪ ˈfɪnɪʃ ə hoʊˈtɛl ɪn ˈwɔʃɪŋtən. hi ˈɔlsoʊ həz tu ˈmɔrgɪʤɪz əˈgɛnst hɪz trəmp ˈnæʃənəl dɔˈræl maɪˈæmi rɪˈzɔrt ənd ə loʊn əˈgɛnst hɪz taʊər ɪn ʃəˈkɑˌgoʊ. ən ˌɪnˈtərnəl ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃən ˈkɛrid aʊt baɪ dɔɪʧ bæŋk ˈdɪdənt jild ˈɛni ˈɛvədəns əv kəˈnɛkʃənz bɪtˈwin ðə klaɪənt riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪp wɪθ trəmp ənd ðə bæŋks ˈmɪrər treɪdz əˈfɛr, ə ˈpərsən brift ɔn ðə ˈmætər sɛd. æmp, (ˈrɔɪtərz, dpa*)
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a person familiar with mueller's investigation told the news agency reuters on tuesday that germany's largest bank received a subpoena from the us special counsel several weeks ago to provide information on certain money and credit transactions, confirming an article by german daily handelsblatt published on the same day.
read more: donald trump owes deutsche bank big bucks
president trump's lawyer, jay sekulow, later denied the reports. "no subpoena has been issued or received. we have confirmed this with the bank and other sources," he said. white house spokeswoman sarah sanders also rejected the reports, saying they were "completely false."
deutsche bank has loaned the trump organization an estimated $300 million (€253 million) for its real estate dealings prior to donald trump becoming president. the bank said it would not comment on any of its clients, adding that it "always cooperates with investigating authorities in all countries."
mueller is investigating alleged russian attempts to influence the 2016 us presidential election and potential collusion by trump aides. russia has denied meddling in the election and trump has called the special counsel's investigation a "witch hunt."
dealings with russia suspected
in june, deutsche bank rejected demands by us house democrats to provide details of trump's finances, saying sharing client data would be illegal unless it received a formal request to do so.
read more: trump releases financial disclosure for 2016
representative maxine waters of california and other democrats have asked whether the bank's loans to trump, made years before he ran for president, were in any way connected to russia.
deutsche bank faces questions about a series of so-called russian mirror trades, in which it allegedly helped russian clients move money out of the country. those trades are being investigated in multiple probes in the us and europe. the mueller investigation now wants the bank to detail any ties between those trades or other russian financing as it seeks to identify anyone connected to donald trump, his family or advisers.
read more: russian tax authorities homing in on deutsche bank
trump's relationship with deutsche bank stretches back some two decades and the roughly $300 million he owes to the bank represents nearly half of his outstanding debt, according to a july 2016 analysis compiled by bloomberg news agency.
that figure includes a $170-million loan trump took out to finish a hotel in washington. he also has two mortgages against his trump national doral miami resort and a loan against his tower in chicago.
an internal investigation carried out by deutsche bank didn't yield any evidence of connections between the client relationship with trump and the bank's mirror trades affair, a person briefed on the matter said.
amp, uhe/aos (reuters, dpa)
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ˈæftər ˈhævɪŋ ˈtɪpɪkəli əˈpɪrd ɪn ðə ˈvɛri ˈfeɪməs ˈpeɪʤɪz əv ˈbeɪsˈbɔl θɪŋk ˈfæktəri, dæn zɪps prɑˈʤɛkʃənz hæv bɪn riˈlist æt ðə pæst fju jɪrz. ðə ˈɛksərˌsaɪz kənˈtɪnjuz ðɪs offseason*. bɪˈloʊ ər ðə prɑˈʤɛkʃənz fər ðə ˌmɪnɪˈsoʊtə twɪnz. ʃɪmˈbɔrski kən bi faʊnd æt ənd ɔn tˈwɪtər æt @dszymborski*. ˈəðər prɑˈʤɛkʃənz: ˌɛrɪˈzoʊnə æˈtlæntə ˈbɔstən ʃəˈkɑˌgoʊ æl ʃəˈkɑˌgoʊ ˈklivlənd ˈdiˌtrɔɪt ˈhjustən ˈkænzəs ˈsɪti lɔs ˈænʤəlɪs æl nu jɔrk æl sæn diˈeɪgoʊ sæn frænˈsɪskoʊ siˈætəl ˈtæmpə beɪ tərˈɑntoʊ ˈwɔʃɪŋtən. ˈbætərz ɪf ju wər tɪ ˈtrævəl bæk tɪ ðə ˈwɪntər əv ənd ˌɪnˈfɔrm ðə ˈərliər ˈvərʒən əv ˈjɔrsɛlf ðət, ɪn ʤɪst θri jɪrz taɪm, ʤoʊ maʊər 532 pɑ,) wʊd rɪˈsiv ðə wərst prɑˈʤɛktəd wɔr əˈməŋ ɔl twɪnz ˈstɑrtərz, ðə jəŋ ˌɪtəˈreɪʃən əv ju wʊd slæp ðə ˈoʊldər wən raɪt ɪn ðə maʊθ. ˈæftər ðət, hæv səm ˈprɪti ˌəndərˈstændəbəl kˈwɛsʧənz əˈbaʊt haʊ jʊr ˈʤərni tɪ ðə ˈrisənt pæst həz bɪn meɪd ˈpɑsəbəl ənd waɪ ˈʧoʊzən tɪ meɪk ɪt. ɪn ðət ˈmoʊmənt, ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ðə əbˈsərdəti əv jʊr ˈkɑmɛnts rɪˈgɑrdɪŋ ʤoʊ maʊər wʊd ˈoʊvərˌkəm ɪm. ɔn ðə wən hænd, ðɪs ɪz ə ˈnɛgətɪv dɪˈvɛləpmənt fər ˌmɪnɪˈsoʊtə. fər ðə pæst ˈkəpəl jɪrz, ˈtɪpɪkəli rən ˈpeɪˌroʊlz əv əˈbaʊt 100 ˈmɪljən. ˈæləˌkeɪtɪŋ ˈnɪrli ə kˈwɔrtər əv ðət tɪ ə ˈsɪŋgəl wɪn ˈhɛlpfəl. ɔn ðə ˈəðər hænd, ðɪs ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnts ə ˈvɛri ˈpɑzətɪv dɪˈvɛləpmənt fər ˌmɪnɪˈsoʊtə bɪˈkəz prɑˈʤɛkʃən ðət bæd. ˈrəðər, ə ˈnəmbər əv ðə ˈəðər prɑˈʤɛkʃənz ər ʤɪst ˈbɛtər. fər ðə pæst ˈkəpəl jɪrz, ðə twɪnz hæv lækt ən ˈædəkˌweɪt səˈplaɪ əv ˈkɑmpətɪnt ˈhɪtərz ənd ˈfildərz. rɪˈgɑrd: læst ˈsizən, ðɛr pəˈzɪʃən pleɪərz ræŋkt baɪ wɔr. ðə ˈsizən ˌbiˈfɔr ðət? 27th*. wət ðə zɪps ˈnəmbərz hir dɪˈpɪkt ɪz ˈsəmθɪŋ məʧ mɔr laɪk ən ˈævərɪʤ grup wɪθ ˈsərvəsəbəl dɛpθ, tu. ˈpɪʧərz ðə prɑgˈnoʊsəs fər ðə ˈstɑrtɪŋ roʊˈteɪʃən ɛz strɔŋ. læst jɪr, twɪnz ˈstɑrtərz ˈfɪnɪʃt baɪ ðə ˈvərʒən əv wɔr ənd dɛd læst baɪ ðə ˈvərʒən əv wɔr ˈkælkjəˌleɪtɪd wɪθ rənz əˈlaʊd. baɪ ðət ˈlætər ˈstændərd, ðə 2017 roʊˈteɪʃən ɪz ˈlaɪkli tɪ bi ə ˈraʊzɪŋ səkˈsɛs. baɪ ðə ˈstændərd əv prɪˈvɛnɪŋ rənz ˈrɛlətɪv tɪ ðɛr əˈpoʊnənts, ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ˈlaɪkli tɪ pərˈfɔrm wərs ðən ˈævərɪʤ. ˈərˌvɪn sænˈtænə ˌaɪˌpi,) ɪz ðə ˈoʊnli ˈstɑrtər tɪ rɪˈsiv ə prɑˈʤɛkʃən əˈbəv ðə θˈrɛˌʃoʊld. ðət sɛd, ðɛr ər kwaɪt ə fju ɑrmz ɪn ðə tɪ reɪnʤ, soʊ ðə flɔr ˈtɛrəbli loʊ, ˈiðər. ɪn ðə ˈbʊlˌpɛn, glɛn ˈpərkɪnz ˌaɪˌpi,) mɪst ɔl əv 2016 wɪθ ðə ɪkˈsɛpʃən əv tu ˈeɪprəl əˈpɪrənsəz. ə ʧæns hi kʊd rɪˈtərn fər ˈoʊpənɪŋ deɪ. ɪn ˈiðər keɪs, ðə zɪps ˈmɑdəl əˈkaʊnt fər ðə pərˈtɪkjələrz əv perkins’*’ ˈɪnʤəri, ˈoʊnli ðət hi mɪst ə sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt ˈpɪriəd əv taɪm. ˌnɛvərðəˈlɛs, hi rɪˈsivz ðə tɔp ˈɪrə ˈfɔrˌkæst ɔn ðə kləb 86 ˈɪrə-). ˈbrændən ˌaɪˌpi, 92 ˈɪrə-,) wʊd kənˈtɪnju tɪ kloʊz geɪmz ɪn hɪz ˈæbsəns. əv noʊt, ˌhaʊˈɛvər: boʊθ ˈtrɛvər meɪ 87 ənd raɪən ˈprɛsli 88 rɪˈsiv suˈpɪriər prɑˈʤɛkʃənz. bɪˈkəz ə ˈnəmbər əv ðə tɔp ˈprɑspɛkts hæv ˈgræʤəˌweɪtɪd ˈoʊvər ðə pæst ˈkəpəl jɪrz, moʊst əv ðɛm kən bi faʊnd ɛz ˈstɑrtərz ɔn ðə ˈɪmɪʤ bɪˈloʊ. ˈkæˌʧər mɪʧ ˈgɑrvər 464 pɑ, zawr*) ˈɛnərz hɪz ˈsizən ənd həz ˈnɛvər rɪˈkɔrdɪd ə pleɪt əˈpɪrəns. hi rɪˈsivz ðə tɔp prɑˈʤɛkʃən əˈməŋ fild pleɪərz, ðoʊ. ˈaʊtˌfildər zæk ˈgrænɪt 580 həz əˈpɪrd ɔn krɪs ˈprɑspɛkt lɪsts ənd ɪz ˈfɛrli wɛl əkˈwɪtɪd hir, tu. ˈɔlsoʊ, ə noʊt əˈbaʊt ˈhɔrheɪ poʊˈlɑnkoʊ 598 pɑ,). ˈfɑloʊɪŋ ðə treɪd əv ɛdˈwɑrdoʊ ˈnunɛz tɪ sæn frænˈsɪskoʊ, hi mɔr ər lɛs bɪˈkeɪm ˈstɑrtɪŋ ˈʃɔrtˌstɑp. hi lɔst hɪz ˈrʊki ˌɛlɪʤəˈbɪlɪti ɪn ðə ˈprɔˌsɛs, bət ˈmɛrɪts səm əˈtɛnʃən ˈgɪvɪn ðə ˈprɑməs əv hɪz ˈfɔrˌkæst. ɪf ðə twins’*’ roʊˈteɪʃən wər kənˈstrəktɪd ɪnˈtaɪərli ɔn ðə ˈaʊtˌkəm əv iʧ zɪps prɑˈʤɛkʃən, ˈstivən goʊnˈsɑlvɛs ˌaɪˌpi,) wʊd bi ðə noʊ. 5 ˈstɑrtər. jəŋ fərˈnɑndoʊ roʊˈmɛroʊ ˈminˌwaɪl, rɪˈsivz ən ɪnˈkərəʤɪŋ ˈfɔrˌkæst fər ə pleɪər ˈnɛvər əˈpɪrd əˈbəv high-a*. dɛpθ ʧɑrt bɪˈloʊ ɪz ə rəf dɛpθ ʧɑrt fər ðə ˈprɛzənt ˌɪnˈkɑrˈneɪʃən əv ðə twɪnz, wɪθ ˈraʊndɪd prɑˈʤɛktəd wɔr ˈtoʊtəlz fər iʧ pleɪər. fər ˈkeɪviˌæts rɪˈgɑrdɪŋ wɔr ˈvæljuz si dɪˈskleɪmər æt ˈbɑtəm əv poʊst. klɪk tɪ ˌɛnˈlɑrʤ ˈɪmɪʤ. ˈbɔlˌpɑrk ˈgræfɪk ˈkərtəsi lig. dɛpθ ʧɑrts kənˈstrəktɪd baɪ weɪ əv ðoʊz ˈlɪstɪd hir æt saɪt ənd oʊn hæˈphæzərd ˈrizənɪŋ. dɪˈskleɪmər: zɪps prɑˈʤɛkʃənz ər prɑˈʤɛkʃənz əv pərˈfɔrməns. pərˈfɔrmənsɪz hæv nɑt bɪn ˈæləˌkeɪtɪd tɪ prɪˈdɪktɪd pleɪɪŋ taɪm ɪn ðə ˈmeɪʤərz ˈmɛni əv ðə pleɪərz ˈlɪstɪd əˈbəv ər ənˈlaɪkli tɪ pleɪ ɪn ðə ˈmeɪʤərz æt ɔl ɪn 2017 zɪps ɪz prɑˈʤɛktɪŋ ɪkˈwɪvələnt pərˈdəkʃən ə 240 zɪps prɑˈʤɛkʃən meɪ ɛnd əp biɪŋ 280 ɪn ˌtrɪpəˈleɪ ər 300 ɪn eɪeɪ, fər ɪgˈzæmpəl. ˈwɛðər ər nɑt ə pleɪər wɪl pleɪ ɪz wən əv ˈmɛni ˈfæktərz wən həz tɪ teɪk ˈɪntu əˈkaʊnt wɪn prɪˈdɪktɪŋ ðə fˈjuʧər. pleɪərz ər ˈlɪstɪd wɪθ ðɛr moʊst ˈrisənt timz ənˈlɛs dæn həz meɪd ə mɪˈsteɪk. ðɪs ɪz ˈvɛri ˈpɑsəbəl ɛz ə lɔt əv ˈsaɪnɪŋz ər ˈʤɛnərəli ˌənriˈpɔrtɪd ɪn ðə offseason*. zɪps ɪz prɑˈʤɛktɪŋ beɪst ɔn ðə æl ˈhævɪŋ ə ˈɪrə ənd ðə ˈhævɪŋ ə ˈɪrə. pleɪərz ðət ər ɪkˈspɛktɪd tɪ bi aʊt du tɪ ˈɪnʤəri ər stɪl prɑˈʤɛktəd. mɔr ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən ɪz ˈɔlˌweɪz ˈbɛtər ðən lɛs ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən ənd ə kəmˈpjutər wət ʃʊd bi prɑˈʤɛktɪŋ ðə ˈɪnʤəri ˈstætəs əv, fər ɪgˈzæmpəl, ə ˈpɪʧər wɪθ ˈtɑmi ʤɑn ˈsərʤəri. rɪˈgɑrdɪŋ ˈɪrə+ ˈvərsəz. ˈɪrə- (ənd+ ˈvərsəz.-) ənd ðə ˈdɪfərənsɪz ðɛˈrɪn: ɛz ˈpeɪtriət noʊts hir, ðeɪ ər nɑt ˈsɪmpli ˈmɪrər ˈɪmɪʤɪz əv iʧ ˈəðər. raɪts ˈpeɪtriət: ““era*+ dɪz nɑt tɛl ju ðət ə ˈɪrə wɑz ɛks% lɛs ər mɔr ðən ðə ˈɪrə. ɪt tɛlz ju ðət ðə ˈɪrə wɑz ɛks% lɛs ər mɔr ðən ðə era.”*.” boʊθ ˈhɪtərz ənd ˈpɪʧərz ər ræŋkt baɪ prɑˈʤɛktəd wɪʧ ɪz tɪ seɪ, wɔr ˈvæljuz ɛz ˈkælkjəˌleɪtɪd baɪ dæn ʃɪmˈbɔrski, huz ˈsərˌneɪm ɪz spɛld wɪθ ə zi. wɔr ˈvæljuz maɪt ˈdɪfər sˈlaɪtli frəm ðoʊz wɪʧ əˈpɪr ɪn fʊl riˈlis əv zɪps. ˈfaɪnəli, ʃɪmˈbɔrski wɪl ədˈvaɪz ˈɛniˌwən əˈgɛnst ənd maɪt kərˈɑti ʧɑp ˈɛniˌwən ˈgɪlti əv ˈmɪrli ˈædɪŋ əp wɔr ˈtoʊtəlz ɔn dɛpθ ʧɑrt tɪ ˈproʊdus prɑˈʤɛktəd tim wɔr.
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after having typically appeared in the very famous pages of baseball think factory, dan szymborski’s zips projections have been released at fangraphs the past few years. the exercise continues this offseason. below are the projections for the minnesota twins. szymborski can be found at espn and on twitter at @dszymborski.
other projections: arizona / atlanta / boston / chicago al / chicago nl / cleveland / detroit / houston / kansas city / los angeles al / new york al / san diego / san francisco / seattle / tampa bay / toronto / washington.
batters
if you were to travel back to the winter of 2013-14 and inform the earlier version of yourself that, in just three years time, joe mauer (532 pa, 0.9 zwar) would receive the worst projected war among all twins starters, the young iteration of you would slap the older one right in the mouth. after that, he’d have some pretty understandable questions about how your journey to the recent past has been made possible and why you’ve chosen to make it. in that intial moment, however, the absurdity of your comments regarding joe mauer would overcome him.
on the one hand, this is a negative development for minnesota. for the past couple years, they’ve typically run payrolls of about $100 million. allocating nearly a quarter of that to a single win isn’t helpful.
on the other hand, this represents a very positive development for minnesota because mauer’s projection isn’t that bad. rather, a number of the other projections are just better. for the past couple years, the twins have lacked an adequate supply of competent hitters and fielders. regard: last season, their position players ranked 25th by war. the season before that? 27th. what the zips numbers here depict is something much more like an average group with serviceable depth, too.
pitchers
the prognosis for the starting rotation isn’t as strong. last year, twins starters finished 26th by the fip version of war and dead last by the version of war calculated with runs allowed. by that latter standard, the club’s 2017 rotation is likely to be a rousing success. by the standard of preventing runs relative to their opponents, however, they’re likely to perform worse than average. right-hander ervin santana (156.1 ip, 2.1 zwar) is the only starter to receive a projection above the two-win threshold. that said, there are quite a few arms in the 1.0- to 2.0-war range, so the floor isn’t terribly low, either.
in the bullpen, glen perkins (41.1 ip, 0.4 zwar) missed all of 2016 with the exception of two april appearances. there’s a chance he could return for opening day. in either case, the zips model doesn’t account for the particulars of perkins’ injury, only that he missed a significant period of time. nevertheless, he receives the top era forecast on the club (86 era-). brandon kintzler (52.1 ip, 92 era-, 0.3 zwar) would continue to close games in his absence. of note, however: both trevor may (62.2, 87, 0.6) and ryan pressly (66.2, 88, 0.6) receive superior projections.
bench/prospects
because a number of the club’s top prospects have graduated over the past couple years, most of them can be found as starters on the depth-chart image below. catcher mitch garver (464 pa, 1.4 zawr) enters his age-26 season and has never recorded a major-league plate appearance. he receives the top projection among rookie-eligible field players, though. outfielder zach granite (580, 0.9) has appeared on chris mitchell’s katoh prospect lists and is fairly well acquitted here, too. also, a note about jorge polanco (598 pa, 2.3 zwar). following the trade of eduardo nunez to san francisco, he more or less became minnesota’s starting shortstop. he lost his rookie eligibility in the process, but merits some attention given the promise of his forecast.
if the twins’ rotation were constructed entirely on the outcome of each pitcher’s zips projection, stephen gonsalves (124.2 ip, 1.3 zwar) would be the club’s no. 5 starter. young right-hander fernando romero (125.2, 0.8), meanwhile, receives an encouraging forecast for a player who’s never appeared above high-a.
depth chart
below is a rough depth chart for the present incarnation of the twins, with rounded projected war totals for each player. for caveats regarding war values see disclaimer at bottom of post. click to enlarge image.
ballpark graphic courtesy eephus league. depth charts constructed by way of those listed here at site and author’s own haphazard reasoning.
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disclaimer: zips projections are computer-based projections of performance. performances have not been allocated to predicted playing time in the majors many of the players listed above are unlikely to play in the majors at all in 2017. zips is projecting equivalent production a .240 zips projection may end up being .280 in aaa or .300 in aa, for example. whether or not a player will play is one of many non-statistical factors one has to take into account when predicting the future.
players are listed with their most recent teams unless dan has made a mistake. this is very possible as a lot of minor-league signings are generally unreported in the offseason.
zips is projecting based on the al having a 4.05 era and the nl having a 3.97 era.
players that are expected to be out due to injury are still projected. more information is always better than less information and a computer isn’t what should be projecting the injury status of, for example, a pitcher with tommy john surgery.
regarding era+ vs. era- (and fip+ vs. fip-) and the differences therein: as patriot notes here, they are not simply mirror images of each other. writes patriot: “era+ does not tell you that a pitcher’s era was x% less or more than the league’s era. it tells you that the league’s era was x% less or more than the pitcher’s era.”
both hitters and pitchers are ranked by projected zwar which is to say, war values as calculated by dan szymborski, whose surname is spelled with a z. war values might differ slightly from those which appear in full release of zips. finally, szymborski will advise anyone against and might karate chop anyone guilty of merely adding up war totals on depth chart to produce projected team war.
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ˈwɔʃɪŋtən rɪˈpɔrtər ˈændru ˈfaɪnbərg sɪz ə ˈrəʃən nuz saɪt hi wəns wərkt fər ˈprɛʃərd ɪm tɪ ədˈvæns ə kənˈspɪrəsi ˈθɪri əˈbaʊt ðə ˈfeɪtəl ˈʃutɪŋ əv ˌdɛməˈkrætɪk ˈnæʃənəl kəˈmɪti ˈstæfər sɛθ rɪʧ. ˈfaɪnbərg, hu wɑz ðə waɪt haʊs ˌkɔrəˈspɑndənt fər ˈspətnɪk, fərst meɪd ðə ˌæləˈgeɪʃənz wɪn hi lɛft ðə ˈrəʃən ˈaʊˌtlɛt ɪn meɪ. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, hɪz ˈstɔri ɪz ˈnuli ˈrɛləvənt ɪn laɪt əv ə ˈlɔˌsut faɪld ðɪs wik ðət əˈkjuzd ˈprɛzɪdənt trəmp ənd ðə waɪt haʊs əv pleɪɪŋ ə roʊl ɪn ə news”*” ˈstɔri dɪˈzaɪnd tɪ ədˈvæns ðə seɪm kənˈspɪrəsi ˈθɪri. ˈfaɪnbərg ˈstɑrtɪd æt ˈspətnɪk ɪn ˈʤænjuˌɛri, ʤɪst ɛz trəmp tʊk ˈɔfəs. hi wɑz ðə fərst rɪˈpɔrtər tɪ wərk ˌɪnˈsaɪd ðə wɛst wɪŋ. ɪn ə ˌkɑnvərˈseɪʃən wɪθ ˈjɑˌhu nuz ɔn ˈwɛnzˌdeɪ, ˈfaɪnbərg əˈlɛʤd ðət ˈspətnɪk ˈwɔntɪd ɪm tɪ brɪŋ əp ə nuz ˈɑrtɪkəl æt ðə ˈsɛnər əv ðə ˈlɔˌsut ɪn ðə waɪt haʊs prɛs ˈbrifɪŋ rum. ðə ˈstɔri, wɪʧ wɑz ˈpəblɪʃt ɔn ðə fɑks nuz ˈwɛbˌsaɪt ɔn meɪ 16 ənd riˈtræktəd ə wik ˈleɪtər, səˈʤɛstɪd rɪʧ meɪ hæv pleɪd ə roʊl ɪn læst lik əv ˈdiˌɛnˌsi iˈmeɪlz. ðə juz. ˌɪnˈtɛləʤəns kəmˈjunɪti həz kənˈkludɪd ðət ðə iˈmeɪl lik wɑz ˈɔrkɪˌstreɪtɪd baɪ ðə ˈrəʃən ˈgəvərnmənt tɪ hɛlp trəmp dɪˈfit hɪz ˌdɛməˈkrætɪk ˈraɪvəl ˈhɪləri ˈklɪntən. ðɛr ər ˈməltəpəl ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃənz ˈɪntu ˈwɛðər trəmp ənd hɪz kæmˈpeɪn kəˈludɪd wɪθ ˈrəʃə. ˈfaɪnbərg sɛd ðət ˈdʊrɪŋ ə ˈmitɪŋ hɛld ɔn meɪ 26 hɪz suˈpɪriərz æst ɪm brɪŋ əp ðə ˈstɔri ɪn ðə prɛs ˈbrifɪŋ. wɑz, wɔnt ju tɪ æsk əˈbaʊt sɛθ rɪʧ ənd ʤɪst, ju noʊ, æsk əˈbaʊt ðə keɪs ənd ɪf ðoʊz ˌrɛvəˈleɪʃənz ʃʊd pʊt ən ɛnd tɪ ðə ˈrəʃə ˈhækɪŋ ˈnɛrətɪv ənd ðə investigation,”*,” sɛd ˈfaɪnbərg. əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ˈfaɪnbərg, hɪz ˈbɔsɪz ˈhændɪd ɪm ə tərməˈneɪʃən ˈlɛtər wɪn hi dɪˈklaɪnd. hi dɪˈskraɪbd ðə ˌsɪʧuˈeɪʃən ɛz ““disturbing.”*.” ˈrɪli ˈtɛlɪŋ ðət ðə waɪt haʊs ɪz ˈpʊʃɪŋ ðə seɪm ˈnɛrətɪv ɛz ə ˈrəʃən ˌprɑpəˈgændə outlet,”*,” ˈfaɪnbərg sɛd. ˈfaɪnbərg ˈpriviəsli dɪˈskəst hɪz dɪˈpɑrʧər frəm ˈspətnɪk wɪθ ˈjɑˌhu nuz ɪn meɪ, ɔn ðə deɪ hi lɛft hɪz ʤɑb. hi sɛd hi ˌɪˈnɪʃəli hæv ˌrɛzərˈveɪʃənz əˈbaʊt ˈwərkɪŋ fər ə saɪt bət keɪm tɪ fil ðeɪ ˈwɔntɪd ɪm tɪ ˈfɔlsli ““spin”*” ðə nuz. θɔt ɛz lɔŋ ɛz aɪ ʤɪst du wət ˈɛvriˌwən ɛls dɪz ɛz lɔŋ ɛz aɪ du ðə ʤɑb ˈfɛrli ənd ˈækjərətli, aɪ θɔt ɪt wʊd bi ok,”*,” ˈfaɪnbərg sɛd æt ðə taɪm. ər lɑts əv nuz ˈaʊˌtlɛts; nɑt ðə ˈoʊnli one.”*.” ðə ˈlɔˌsut wɑz faɪld baɪ ə ˈwɔʃɪŋtən ˈpraɪvət ˌɪnˈvɛstəˌgeɪtər neɪmd rɑd ˈwilər ɪn ə nu jɔrk ˈfɛdərəl kɔrt ɔn ˈtuzˌdeɪ. sut əˈlɛʤɪz ðət ə ˈdæləs ˌfɪnənˈsir ənd rɪˈpəblɪkən ˈdoʊnər neɪmd ɛd wərkt wɪθ fɑks nuz rɪˈpɔrtər ˈmɑliə ˈzɪmərmən tɪ kriˈeɪt ə fɔls nuz ˈstɔri ˈlɪŋkɪŋ dɛθ tɪ ðə ˈdiˌɛnˌsi iˈmeɪl lik. rɪʧ wɑz ʃɑt ɪn ˈwɔʃɪŋtən, d.c*., læst ˌʤuˈlaɪ, ˈʃɔrtli ˈæftər ðə iˈmeɪlz wər ˈpəblɪʃt baɪ wikileaks*. pəˈlis hæv sɛd ðeɪ bɪˈliv hi wɑz kɪld ɪn ə bɑʧt ˈrɑbəri, ðoʊ ðə ˈmərdər rɪˈmeɪnz ənˈsɑlvd. ðɛr həz bɪn noʊ ˈɛvədəns ˈlɪŋkɪŋ rɪʧ tɪ ðə θɛft əv ðə iˈmeɪlz ər ðɛr ˌpəblɪˈkeɪʃən. ˈmɛri rɪʧ, ðə ˈməðər əv sleɪn ˈdiˌɛnˌsi ˈstæfər sɛθ rɪʧ, gɪvz ə prɛs ˈkɑnfərəns ɪn ˈɔgəst 2016 (ˈfoʊˌtoʊ: ˈmaɪkəl ˈrɑbənsən ˈwɔʃɪŋtən poʊst ˈviə ˈgɛti ˈɪmɪʤɪz) mɔr əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ sut, ənd ˈzɪmərmən ˈwɔntɪd tɪ ədˈvæns pəˈlɪtɪkəl əˈʤɛndə fər ðə trəmp administration.”*.” trəmp həz ˈviəməntli dɪˈnaɪd ðət hi ər ˈɛniˌwən ɪn hɪz ˈɔrbət wərkt wɪθ ˈrəʃə. sut səˈʤɛstɪd ðət ðə fɑks nuz ˈstɔri ˈpɪnɪŋ ðə lik ɔn rɪʧ wɑz dɪˈzaɪnd tɪ pʊt ðə ˌæləˈgeɪʃənz əv ˈrəʃən kəˈluʒən tɪ rɛst ənd pəˈtɛnʃəli ɛnd ðə proʊbz. ˌbiˈfɔr ðə ˈstɔri wɑz ˈpəblɪʃt, ˈwilər ənd mɛt wɪθ ˈfɔrmər prɛs ˈsɛkrəˌtɛri ʃɔn ˈspaɪsər æt ðə waɪt haʊs. ðə ˈlɔˌsut ˌɪnˈkludɪd əˈlɛʤd kwoʊts frəm səˈʤɛstɪŋ trəmp hɪmˈsɛlf hæd ˈɪnˌpʊt ɔn dræfts əv ðə fɑks nuz ˈstɔri ənd wɑz ˈigər tɪ si ɪt ˈpəblɪʃt. ðə fɑks nuz ˈstɔri ˌɪnˈkludɪd kwoʊts əˈtrɪbjətəd tɪ ˈwilər ðət sɛd hi bɪˈlivd rɪʧ kəmˈjunəˌkeɪtɪd wɪθ wikileaks*. ˈwilər ˌɪnˈsɪsts ðoʊz kwoʊts wər ˈfæbrɪˌkeɪtɪd, ðoʊ hi meɪd ˈkɑmɛnts ˈsɪmələr tɪ ðoʊz ˌɪnˈkludɪd ɪn ðə ˈstɔri ɪn ə ˈtɛləˌvɪʒən ˈɪntərvˌju. ðə fɑks nuz ˈstɔri ˈɔlsoʊ ˌɪnˈkludɪd ðə kleɪm ðət ən əˈnɑnəməs ˈfɛdərəl ˌɪnˈvɛstəˌgeɪtər kənˈfərmd rɪʧ wɑz ɪn ˈkɑnˌtækt wɪθ wikileaks*. ˈfæməli ənd d.c*. pəˈlis dɪˈnaʊnst ðə ˈɑrtɪkəl ˈɔlˌmoʊst ˌɪˈmiˌdiətli.
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washington reporter andrew feinberg says a russian state-owned news site he once worked for pressured him to advance a conspiracy theory about the fatal shooting of democratic national committee staffer seth rich.
feinberg, who was the white house correspondent for sputnik, first made the allegations when he left the russian outlet in may. however, his story is newly relevant in light of a lawsuit filed this week that accused president trump and the white house of playing a role in a “fake news” story designed to advance the same conspiracy theory.
feinberg started at sputnik in january, just as trump took office. he was the outlet’s first reporter to work inside the west wing. in a conversation with yahoo news on wednesday, feinberg alleged that sputnik wanted him to bring up a news article at the center of the lawsuit in the white house press briefing room.
the story, which was published on the fox news website on may 16 and retracted a week later, suggested rich may have played a role in last year’s leak of dnc emails. the u.s. intelligence community has concluded that the email leak was orchestrated by the russian government to help trump defeat his democratic rival hillary clinton. there are multiple investigations into whether trump and his campaign colluded with russia.
feinberg said that during a meeting held on may 26, his superiors asked him bring up the story in the press briefing.
“it was, ‘we want you to ask about seth rich and just, you know, ask about the case and if those revelations should put an end to the russia hacking narrative and the investigation,” said feinberg.
according to feinberg, his bosses handed him a termination letter when he declined. he described the situation as “disturbing.”
“it’s really telling that the white house is pushing the same narrative as a state-run russian propaganda outlet,” feinberg said.
feinberg previously discussed his departure from sputnik with yahoo news in may, on the day he left his job. he said he didn’t initially have reservations about working for a government-owned site but came to feel they wanted him to falsely “spin” the news.
“i thought as long as i just do what everyone else does … as long as i do the job fairly and accurately, i thought it would be ok,” feinberg said at the time. “there are lots of state-owned news outlets; sputnik’s not the only one.”
the lawsuit was filed by a washington private investigator named rod wheeler in a new york federal court on tuesday. wheeler’s suit alleges that a dallas financier and republican donor named ed butowsky worked with fox news reporter malia zimmerman to create a false news story linking rich’s death to the dnc email leak.
rich was shot in washington, d.c., last july, shortly after the emails were published by wikileaks. police have said they believe he was killed in a botched robbery, though the murder remains unsolved. there has been no evidence linking rich to the theft of the emails or their publication.
mary rich, the mother of slain dnc staffer seth rich, gives a press conference in august 2016. (photo: michael robinson chavez/the washington post via getty images) more
according to wheeler’s suit, butowsky and zimmerman wanted to advance “a political agenda for the trump administration.” trump has vehemently denied that he or anyone in his orbit worked with russia.
wheeler’s suit suggested that the fox news story pinning the leak on rich was designed to put the allegations of russian collusion to rest and potentially end the probes. before the story was published, wheeler and butowsky met with trump’s former press secretary sean spicer at the white house. the lawsuit included alleged quotes from butowsky suggesting trump himself had input on drafts of the fox news story and was eager to see it published.
the fox news story included quotes attributed to wheeler that said he believed rich communicated with wikileaks. wheeler insists those quotes were fabricated, though he made comments similar to those included in the story in a television interview. the fox news story also included the claim that an anonymous federal investigator confirmed rich was in contact with wikileaks. rich’s family and d.c. police denounced the article almost immediately.
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ɪt həz lɔŋ bɪn ˈɑbviəs ðət vˈlædəmɪr ˈputɪn ðə ˈkɑrənt praɪm ˈmɪnɪstər ənd ˈfɔrmər ˈprɛzɪdənt əv ˈrəʃə kreɪvz hɪz ˈdɑmənənt hoʊld ɔn paʊər. stɪl, ɪt wɑz ˌdɪskənˈsərtɪŋ tɪ hir ɪm ˈsɪgnəl ˈpəblɪkli ɔn ˈθərzˌdeɪ ðət hi maɪt sik ðə ˈprɛzɪdənsi əˈgɛn ɪn 2012 ˈmɪstər. ˈputɪn dɪˈspleɪd ə ˈmæstər ɪn æˈdrɛsɪŋ ðə ˈɪʃu æt ə ˈpəblɪk ˈfɔrəm wɛr hi tʊk skɔrz əv kˈwɛsʧənz. wʊd hi rən əˈgɛn? θɪŋk əˈbaʊt it,”*,” hi rɪˈplaɪd. æst æt əˈnəðər pɔɪnt ɪf ɪt wɑz taɪm tɪ rɪˈlæks ˈæftər ˈdɛkeɪdz əv ˈgəvərnmənt ˈsərvɪs, hi sɛd: hoʊld jʊr breath.”*.” ə lɔt kʊd ˈhæpən bɪtˈwin naʊ ənd ðɛn. ˌpɑləˈtɪʃənz ʧeɪnʤ ðɛr maɪndz ɔl ðə taɪm. ˈmɪstər. ˈputɪn kʊd ˌdɪˈsaɪd tɪ steɪ ɛz praɪm ˈmɪnɪstər ənd hæv hɪz ˈsaɪdˌkɪk, dˈmitri ˈmɛdvəˌdɛv, ðə ˈkɑrənt ˈprɛzɪdənt, rən əˈgɛn fər ˈprɛzɪdənt. æt ə ˈmɪnəməm, ˈmɪstər. ˈputɪn meɪ bi ɪnˈkərəʤɪŋ ˌspɛkjəˈleɪʃən əˈbaʊt hɪz pəˈlɪtɪkəl fˈjuʧər tɪ ɛnˈhæns hɪz ˈɪnfluəns ər tɪ dɪˈvərt əˈtɛnʃən frəm mɔr ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt ˈmætərz laɪk ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk rɪˈfɔrm ər ðə ˌdɛməˈgræfɪk ˈkraɪsəs ˈfeɪsɪŋ ˈrəʃə. ˈwɛðər ər nɑt ðə tu mɛn treɪd ʤɑbz ər traɪ tɪ kip ðə wənz ðeɪ hæv, ˈmɪstər. ˈputɪn hu fərst bɪˈkeɪm ˈprɛzɪdənt ɪn 2000 ənd wʊd bi ˈɛlɪʤəbəl tɪ rən əˈgɛn ɪn 2012 kʊd kənˈsivəbli steɪ ɪn paʊər ənˈtɪl æt list 2024 ˌædvərˈtaɪzmənt kənˈtɪnju ˈrɛdɪŋ ðə meɪn ˈstɔri nɑt ðə ˈjuʒəwəl ˈtɛnjər fər ə ˌdɛməˈkrætɪkli ɪˈlɛktɪd ˈlidər əv ə ˈkəntri. bət ˈəndər ˈmɪstər. ˈputɪn, ˈrəʃə həz streɪd fɑr frəm ðə ˌdɛməˈkrætɪk ˈmɑdəl. ɪt ɪz ə pleɪs wɛr ˈʤərnəlɪsts ənd ˈjumən raɪts ˈæktɪvɪsts ər ˈmərdərd wɪθ ˌɪmˈpjunɪti, pəˈlɪtɪkəl ənd ˈbɪznɪs əˈpoʊnənts ər θroʊn ɪn ʤeɪl ənd ˌɪndɪˈpɛndənt ˈmidiə hæv bɪn ˈsɪriəsli dɪˈgreɪdɪd. stɪl, ˈmɪstər. ˈputɪn həz bɪn ɪn ˈɔfəs, ˈiðər ɛz ˈprɛzɪdənt ər praɪm ˈmɪnɪstər, ˈdʊrɪŋ ə sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt rɪˈkəvəri boʊθ ɪn tərmz əv ɪˈkɑnəmi ənd ɪts ˈstændɪŋ ɪn ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl əˈfɛrz. waɪl ˈɛkspərts dəˈbeɪt haʊ məʧ ˈkrɛdɪt ɪz du ˈmɪstər. ˈputɪn fər ɔl əv ðət ˈgreɪtəst bun rɪˈzəltɪd frəm ə raɪz ɪn ɔɪl ˈpraɪsɪz ðət hi dɪd nɑt kənˈtroʊl), hi ɪz ˈvɛri ˈpɑpjələr æt hoʊm.
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it has long been obvious that vladimir putin — the current prime minister and former president of russia — craves his dominant hold on power. still, it was disconcerting to hear him signal publicly on thursday that he might seek the presidency again in 2012.
mr. putin displayed a master politician’s coyness in addressing the issue at a public forum where he took scores of questions. would he run again? “i’ll think about it,” he replied. asked at another point if it was time to relax after decades of government service, he said: “don’t hold your breath.”
a lot could happen between now and then. politicians change their minds all the time. mr. putin could decide to stay as prime minister and have his sidekick, dmitri medvedev, the current president, run again for president. at a minimum, mr. putin may be encouraging speculation about his political future to enhance his influence — or to divert attention from more important matters like economic reform or the demographic crisis facing russia.
whether or not the two men trade jobs or try to keep the ones they have, mr. putin — who first became president in 2000 and would be eligible to run again in 2012 — could conceivably stay in power until at least 2024.
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that’s not the usual tenure for a democratically elected leader of a country. but under mr. putin, russia has strayed far from the democratic model. it is a place where journalists and human rights activists are murdered with impunity, political and business opponents are thrown in jail and independent media have been seriously degraded.
still, mr. putin has been in office, either as president or prime minister, during a significant recovery both in terms of russia’s economy and its standing in international affairs. while experts debate how much credit is due mr. putin for all of that (russia’s greatest boon resulted from a rise in oil prices that he did not control), he is very popular at home.
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[editor’s* noʊt: ˈəpˌdeɪt ɔn ðə ˌsɪʧuˈeɪʃən hir.] ˈivɪn mɔr ˈtælənt meɪ bi ˈlivɪŋ, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ə rɪˈpɔrt frəm gamespot*. fər naʊ, kənˈsɪdər ðɪs ə ˈrumər, bət ə sɔrs frəm wɪˈθɪn kəˈjaɪmə pərˈdəkʃənz həz əˈpɛrəntli kənˈfərmd ðət ənd kəˈjaɪmə pərˈdəkʃənz hæv hæd ə ˈfɔˌlaʊt, wɪʧ həz lɛd tɪ kəˈjaɪmə ənd ˈəðər ˈsinjər stæf æt ðə ˈstudiˌoʊ biɪŋ ˈfɔrbɪdən ˈækˌsɛs tɪ ˈkɔrpərət ˈɪntərˌnɛt, iˈmeɪlz, ənd ˈivɪn foʊnz. ɪn əˈdɪʃən tɪ ðɪs, ki dɪˈvɛləpərz æt kəˈjaɪmə pərˈdəkʃənz, səʧ ɛz hɪˈdeɪoʊ kəˈjaɪmə, ər naʊ riˈstrɪktɪd frəm ˈmeɪkɪŋ ˈpəblɪk əˈpɪrənsəz tɪ prəˈmoʊt ðə ˈəpˌkəmɪŋ ˈmɛtəl gɪr ˈsɑləd 5 ðə ˈfænəm peɪn. paʊər ˈstrəgəlz ər sɛd tɪ bi ˈteɪkɪŋ pleɪs bɪtˈwin ðə tu ˈkəmpəˌniz, ˈlidɪŋ tɪ ɪˈnækt strɪkt, sˈwipɪŋ ˈʧeɪnʤɪz, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ˈʧeɪnʤɪŋ ðə ɪmˈplɔɪi ˈstætəs əv ðɛr ˈmɛtəl gɪr tim: əˈpɛrəntli, səm ˈsinjər stæf, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ kəˈjaɪmə hɪmˈsɛlf, ər naʊ ˈifɛktɪvli ˈkɑnˌtræktərz ˌɪnˈstɛd əv ˈpərmɑˌnɛnt ɪmˈplɔɪiz (wɪθ ə ˌkɑnˈkɑmətənt lɔs əv ˈpərmɑˌnɛnt ɪmˈplɔɪmənt ˈprɪvɪˌlɪʤɪz ɛz wɛl). əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ðə ˌənaɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪd sɔrs, wəns ðə ˈfænəm peɪn ɪz ˈfɪnɪʃt, ˈəpər ˈmænɪʤmənt æt kəˈjaɪmə pərˈdəkʃənz wɪl ˈlaɪkli pɑrt weɪz wɪθ. wi ˈfɪnɪʃ mgsv*, ˈmɪstər. kəˈjaɪmə ənd ˈəpər ˈmænɪʤmənt wɪl liv. ðeɪ sɛd ðɛr ˈkɑnˌtrækt ɛndz ɪn december,”*,” ðə sɔrs toʊld gamespot*. ə tim ˈmitɪŋ, ˈmɪstər kəˈjaɪmə ɪkˈspleɪnd ðət ðə tim hæv tɪ bi wən ənd meɪk ə gʊd geɪm fər fans.”*.” ˈpəblɪʃərz hæv bɪn ˈstrɪpɪŋ ənd riˈmuvɪŋ ɔl ˈtreɪsɪz əv kəˈjaɪmə pərˈdəkʃənz, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ˈmɛtəl gɪr ˈɑrtˌwərk, frəm ðɛr ˈwɛbˌsaɪt. ˈɔlsoʊ riˈmuvd kəˈjaɪmə frəm ðɛr ɪgˈzɛkjətɪv tim, ənd hæv ɪˈreɪst kəˈjaɪmə pərˈdəkʃənz ˈbrændɪŋ frəm ðə tˈwɪtər əˈkaʊnt, ðə əˈfɪʃəl ˈmɛtəl gɪr ˈwɛbˌsaɪt, ənd ˈivɪn ðə lɑ ˈɔfəs ˈlɪstɪŋ. hæv rɪfˈjuzd tɪ rɪˈspɑnd tɪ ðiz ˈmætərz dɪˈrɛkli, bət hæv ˈɪʃud ðə ˈfɑloʊɪŋ ˈsteɪtmənt: ˈdɪʤɪtəl ˌɛnərˈteɪnmənt, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ˈmɪstər. kəˈjaɪmə, wɪl kənˈtɪnju tɪ dɪˈvɛləp ənd səˈpɔrt ˈmɛtəl gɪr ˈprɑdəkts. pliz lʊk ˈfɔrwərd tɪ fˈjuʧər əˈnaʊnsmɛnts. ɛz wi hæv ɔˈrɛdi əˈnaʊnst, wi ər ˈʃɪftɪŋ ɑr pərˈdəkʃən ˈstrəkʧər tɪ ə ˈsɪstəm, ɪn ˈɔrdər tɪ ɪˈstæblɪʃ ə ˈstɛdˌfæst ˈɔpərˌeɪtɪŋ beɪs ˈkeɪpəbəl əv rɪˈspɑndɪŋ tɪ ðə ˈræpɪd ˈmɑrkɪt ˈʧeɪnʤɪz ðət səraʊnd ɑr ˈdɪʤɪtəl ˌɛnərˈteɪnmənt ˈbɪznɪs. ˈdɪʤɪtəl ˌɛnərˈteɪnmənt (ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ˈmɪstər. kəˈjaɪmə), wɪl kənˈtɪnju tɪ dɪˈvɛləp ənd səˈpɔrt ˈmɛtəl gɪr ˈprɑdəkts. pliz lʊk ˈfɔrwərd tɪ fˈjuʧər announcements.”*.” ˈmɛtəl gɪr ˈsɑləd 5 ðə ˈfænəm peɪn ɪz du tɪ riˈlis ðɪs sɛpˈtɛmbər, soʊ ɪt bi tu lɔŋ ˌbiˈfɔr wi faɪnd aʊt ˈwɛðər ðə ˈrumərz ər tru, ɪf nɑt ˌbiˈfɔr ðɛn.
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[editor’s note: update on the situation here.]
even more talent may be leaving konami, according to a report from gamespot.
for now, consider this a rumor, but a source from within kojima productions has apparently confirmed that konami and kojima productions have had a fallout, which has led to kojima and other senior staff at the studio being forbidden access to corporate internet, emails, and even phones.
in addition to this, key developers at kojima productions, such as hideo kojima, are now restricted from making public appearances to promote the upcoming metal gear solid 5: the phantom pain. power struggles are said to be taking place between the two companies, leading konami to enact strict, sweeping changes, including changing the employee status of their metal gear team: apparently, some senior staff, including kojima himself, are now effectively contractors instead of permanent employees (with a concomitant loss of permanent employment privileges as well).
according to the unidentified source, once the phantom pain is finished, upper management at kojima productions will likely part ways with konami. “after we finish mgsv, mr. kojima and upper management will leave konami. they said their contract ends in december,” the source told gamespot. “at a team meeting, mr kojima explained that the team have to be one and make a good game for fans.”
publishers konami have been stripping and removing all traces of kojima productions, including metal gear artwork, from their website. they’ve also removed kojima from their executive team, and have erased kojima productions branding from the game’s twitter account, the official metal gear website, and even the la office listing.
konami have refused to respond to these matters directly, but have issued the following statement:
“konami digital entertainment, including mr. kojima, will continue to develop and support metal gear products. please look forward to future announcements. […] as we have already announced, we are shifting our production structure to a headquarters-controlled system, in order to establish a steadfast operating base capable of responding to the rapid market changes that surround our digital entertainment business. konami digital entertainment (including mr. kojima), will continue to develop and support metal gear products. please look forward to future announcements.”
metal gear solid 5: the phantom pain is due to release this september, so it won’t be too long before we find out whether the rumors are true, if not before then.
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maɪ kwɪk rɪˈspɑns ˌɔlˈtaɪm bʊlz ˈvərsəz. ˌɔlˈtaɪm ˈleɪkərz tim noʊ weɪ ɪn ðə hɛl ˈɛni ˌɔlˈtaɪm greɪt tim ɪz goʊɪŋ tɪ bit ə ˈmaɪkəl ˈʤɔrdən ˌɔlˈtaɪm greɪt tim baɪ 50 noʊ weɪ. fərst, ɪts ə tim spɔrt. nɑt kənˈstrəktɪd əv ʤɪst 5 pleɪərz. ɪf aɪ wɑz ˈpɪkɪŋ ə ʃəˈkɑˌgoʊ bʊlz tim tɪ kəmˈpit əˈgɛnst ðə ˈleɪkərz. ɪt wʊd ˌɪnˈklud 15 pleɪərz sɪns ðə lig naʊ əˈlaʊz 15 pleɪərz ɔn ə ˈrɑstər 13 kən bi ˈæktɪv. fɪl ˈʤæksən wʊd bi ðə koʊʧ wi wʊd rən ðə ˈtraɪˌæŋgəl əˈfɛns. maɪ ˈstɑrtɪŋ 5 wʊd ˈkɑmpləmənt wən əˈnəðər. ˈdɛrɪk roʊz wʊd nɑt stɑrt ɔn maɪ tim bɪˈkəz hɪz geɪm dɪz nɑt ˈkɑmpləmənt ˈɛmˈʤeɪz. kərk wʊd bi maɪ ˈstɑrtɪŋ pɔɪnt gɑrd. ðə bʊlz tim ðət əm kənˈstrəktɪŋ wʊd bi ə dɪˈfɛnsɪv fɔrs. əm nɑt ˈivɪn ˈstɑrtɪŋ ˈdɛnɪs ˈrɑdmən, ˈbrɪŋɪŋ ɪm ɔf ðə bɛnʧ tɪ ˌɪnˈʤɛkt ˈɛnərʤi. əm ˈstɑrtɪŋ kərk, ˈmaɪkəl ˈʤɔrdən, ˈskɑti ˈpɪpən, ˈhɔrɪs grænt, noʊə. kərks ə ˈvɛri gʊd dip ˈʃutər, gʊd ˈɛksələnt dɪˈfɛndər. ɪn hɪz praɪm, aɪ θɪŋk hi ˈkɑmpləmənts ˈʤɔrdən ɪkˈstrimli wɛl. ˈbɛtər ðən ˈɛni əv ðə ˈtraɪˌæŋgəl gɑrdz ɔn ðə ˈʧæmpiənˌʃɪp timz laɪk ˈpæksən, kər, ˈɑrmˌstrɔŋ ðæts seɪɪŋ ˈsəmθɪŋ. ɔl θri əv ðoʊz gɑrdz hæv ˈifɛktɪv fg*% ˈgreɪtər ðən 51 wɪθ kər ˈlidɪŋ ðə pæk æt 56 wən əv ðɛm kʊd ˈizəli bi maɪ gɑrd bɪˈkəz əm ˈlʊkɪŋ fər ə ˈspɛʃəlɪst tɪ fɪl ðət roʊl. əm ˈteɪkɪŋ ˈpæksən bɪˈkəz hiz soʊ kləʧ kən ˈhændəl ðə gɑrd roʊl. hɪrz maɪ tim dɛpθ ʧɑrt. æt ðə 1 ər lɛd gɑrd spɑt kərk, ˈdɛrɪk roʊz, ʤɑn ˈpæksən. pæks ɪz ə tim ˈkɛmɪstri pɪk. ˈəðərz maɪt pɪk nɔrm væn (dɪˈfɛnsɪv ˈtɛrər), gaɪ ˈrɑʤərz (ˈoʊnli pleɪd wən jɪr fər bʊlz bət ˈkɑnsəˌmeɪt stɪl hoʊldz ˌɔlˈtaɪm əˈsɪst mɑrk fər ðə tim) æt 2 gɑrd spɑt ˈɔlˌweɪz ˈævrɪʤd ˈoʊvər 40 ˈmɪnəts pər geɪm ɪn ðə pleɪɔfs, soʊ ɪt ˈdəzənt ˈrɪli ˈmætər hu aɪ pɪk tɪ bæk ɪm ɔf, bət əm ˈspɛlɪŋ ɪm wɪθ ˈʤɛri sloʊn ˈʤɪmi ˈbətlər. aɪ θɪŋk ðæts 3 dɪˈfɛnsɪv 2 gɑrdz hu kən ˈhændəl ˈɛniˌθɪŋ ðət ðə ˈleɪkərz pʊt ɔn ðə flɔr. æt ðə 3 əm ˈpɪkɪŋ ˈskɑti ˈpɪpən, bækt əp baɪ ʧɛt ðə ʤɛt ˈwɔkər bɑb ləv. æt ðə 4 əm ˈstɑrtɪŋ ˈhɔrɪs grænt, hu aɪ kənˈsɪdər tɪ bi wən əv ðə ˈfaɪnəst moʊst ˈvərsətəl dɪˈfɛnsɪv paʊər ˈfɔrwərdz tɪ ˈɛvər pleɪ ðə geɪm. ˈhɔrɪs wɑz wʊd bi ðə pɔɪnt ˈpərsən wɪn ðɪs bʊlz tim wʊd əˈplaɪ fʊl kɔrt ˈprɛʃər tɪ ðə ˈleɪkərz. ˈdɛnɪs ˈrɑdmən wʊd ˈbæˌkəp ˈhɔrɪs, ˈædɪŋ ˌvərsəˈtɪləti ˈɛnərʤi tɪ ðə ˈsɛkənd ˈjunɪt. ˈtoʊni teɪks ðə ˈfaɪnəl spɑt ə ˈvərsətəl, 4 hu wʊd aɪ pɪk tɪ mæʧ əp wɪθ ðə ˈleɪkərz ˈdɑmənəns æt ðə 5 spɑt? ɪn ðə bʊlz ˈʧæmpiənˌʃɪp jɪrz, ðeɪ hæd ə 3 ˈhɛdɪd ˈmɑnstər æt ðə ˈsɛnər spɑt, soʊ əm kənˈtɪnjuɪŋ ðə trəˈdɪʃən. stɑrt ˈiðər wən əv maɪ ˈsɛnər ˈʧɔɪsɪz fər ˈdɪfərənt ˈrizənz, bət əm goʊɪŋ wɪθ noʊə, ˈɑrtɪs ˈgɪlmɔr, bɪl ˈkɑrˌtraɪt. noʊə ɪz ðə ˈpərˌfɪkt ˈsɛnər fər ðɪs tim. ˈsɛlfləs, greɪt bɔl ˈhændələr ˈpæsər, ənd ə ˈwɔrjər ɔn ðə dɪˈfɛnsɪv ɛnd. ˈɑrtɪs gɪvz ju saɪz, ˈskɔrɪŋ pənʧ, ə ˈsɑləd ˈprɛzəns ɔn boʊθ ɛndz. bɪl ˈprɛzəns maɪt ʃɑk səm ɔn ðɪs ˈrɑstər, bət æsk ˈpætrɪk juɪŋ haʊ təf ɪt wɑz tɪ goʊ əˈgɛnst ɪn ðə poʊst. ðə bʊlz dɪd nɑt ˈdəbəl tim juɪŋ wɪθ ˈkɑrˌtraɪt ɔn ðə flɔr, wɪʧ wɑz ə juʤ ˈrizən waɪ ðə bʊlz wər ˈeɪbəl tɪ bit ðə juɪŋ lɛd nɪks tim. ən ˌɔlˈtaɪm bʊlz luz baɪ 50 tɪ ən ˌɔlˈtaɪm ˈleɪkərz tim. pliz, ˈnɛvər, nɑt ɪf ju ˌəndərˈstænd ðə geɪm ˈriəˌlaɪz ɪts ə tim spɔrt! rɪˈplaɪ rɪˈpɔrt poʊst
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my quick response - all-time bulls vs. all-time lakers team
no way in the hell any all-time great team is going to beat a michael jordan all-time great team by 50. no way. first, it's a team sport. not constructed of just 5 players. if i was picking a chicago bulls team to compete against the lakers. it would include 15 players since the league now allows 15 players on a roster & 13 can be active. phil jackson would be the coach & we would run the triangle offense.
my starting 5 would complement one another. derrick rose would not start on my team because his game does not complement mj's. kirk hinrich would be my starting point guard. the bulls team that i'm constructing would be a defensive force. i'm not even starting dennis rodman, bringing him off the bench to inject energy. i'm starting kirk hinrich, michael jordan, scottie pippen, horace grant, & joakim noah. kirk's a very good deep shooter, good playmaker & excellent defender. in his prime, i think he complements jordan extremely well. better than any of the triangle guards on the championship teams like paxson, kerr, & armstrong & that's saying something. all three of those guards have effective fg% greater than 51% with kerr leading the pack at 56%. one of them could easily be my 3rd guard because i'm looking for a specialist to fill that role. i'm taking paxson because he's so clutch & can handle the 3rd guard role.
here's my team & depth chart. at the #1 or lead guard spot - kirk hinrich, derrick rose, & john paxson. pax is a team chemistry pick. others might pick norm van lier (defensive terror), guy rodgers (only played one year for bulls but consummate playmaker - still holds all-time assist mark for the team)
at #2 guard spot mj - mj always averaged over 40 minutes per game in the playoffs, so it doesn't really matter who i pick to back him off, but i'm spelling him with jerry sloan & jimmy butler. i think that's 3 defensive 2 guards who can handle anything that the lakers put on the floor.
at the #3 i'm picking scottie pippen, backed up by chet the jet walker & bob love.
at the #4, i'm starting horace grant, who i consider to be one of the finest & most versatile defensive power forwards to ever play the game. horace was & would be the point person when this bulls team would apply full court pressure to the lakers. dennis rodman would backup horace, adding versatility & energy to the second unit. tony kuckoc takes the final spot - a versatile, playmaking 4.
who would i pick to match up with the lakers dominance at the 5 spot? in the bulls championship years, they had a 3 headed monster at the center spot, so i'm continuing the tradition. start either one of my center choices for different reasons, but i'm going with joakim noah, artis gilmore, & bill cartwright. noah is the perfect center for this team. selfless, great ball handler & passer, and a warrior on the defensive end. artis gives you size, scoring punch, & a solid presence on both ends. bill cartwright's presence might shock some on this roster, but ask patrick ewing how tough it was to go against bc in the post. the bulls did not double team ewing with cartwright on the floor, which was a huge reason why the bulls were able to beat the ewing led knicks team.
an all-time bulls lose by 50 to an all-time lakers team. please, never, not if you understand the game & realize its a team sport!
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ˈdɛdli mæs ˈʃutɪŋ ɪn ˈɛˈleɪˈɛs ˈveɪgəs vju ɔl 15 ˈɪmɪʤɪz ə ˈkəntri mˈjuzɪk ˌgɪˈtɑrɪst həz ʧeɪnʤd hɪz pəˈzɪʃən ɔn gən kənˈtroʊl ˈæftər sərˈvaɪvɪŋ ə ˈdɛdli mæs ˈʃutɪŋ æt ə ˈɛˈleɪˈɛs ˈveɪgəs mˈjuzɪk ˈfɛstɪvəl ðət lɛft ɪm ˈfɪrɪŋ fər hɪz laɪf. ˈkeɪləb ˈkitər, lɛd ˌgɪˈtɑrɪst əv ðə ʤɑʃ ˈæbət bænd, tʊk tɪ tˈwɪtər ɔn ˈmənˌdeɪ tɪ ʃɛr hɪz ˈpərsɪnəl ɪkˈspɪriəns ɪn ðə weɪk əv ðə ˈʃutɪŋ ðət lɛft æt list 58 ˈpipəl dɛd ənd ˈhənərdz ˈɪnʤərd. ˈkitər sɛd hi hæd səˈpɔrtɪd ðə ˈsɛkənd əˈmɛndmənt ɔl əv hɪz laɪf ənˈtɪl ˈsənˌdi. "aɪ ˈkænɑt ɪkˈsprɛs haʊ rɔŋ aɪ wɑz," ˈkitər roʊt. "wi ˈæˌkʧuəli hæv ˈmɛmbərz əv ɑr kru wɪθ [kənˈsild ˈhændˌgən ˈlaɪsənsɪz] ˈlaɪsənsɪz, ənd ˈligəl ˈfaɪˌrɑrmz ɔn ðə bəs. ðeɪ wər ˈjusləs." ðə ʤɑʃ ˈæbət bænd pərˈfɔrmd ɛz pɑrt əv ðə rut 91 ˈhɑrvəst ˈfɛstɪvəl, ə ˈkəntri mˈjuzɪk ˈfɛstɪvəl ðət ˈɛndɪd ˈsənˌdi ɪn ˈɛˈleɪˈɛs ˈveɪgəs. əˈθɔrətiz sɛd ˈstivən ˈpædək əv ˈmɛˌskit, nəˈvɑdə, ˈoʊpənd faɪər ˈɪntu ə kraʊd ðɛr. ˈpædək faɪərd frəm ðə flɔr əv ðə ˈmændəˌleɪ beɪ hoʊˈtɛl ənd kəˈsinoʊ əˈkrɔs ðə strit frəm ðə ˈkɑnsərt, ənd pəˈlis sɛd ˈpædək kɪld hɪmˈsɛlf ˈæftər ðə ˈʃutɪŋ. ɛz ðə dɛθ ənd ˈɪnʤəri toʊlz raɪz, ðə ˈʃutɪŋ ɪz biɪŋ rɪˈgɑrdɪd ɛz ðə ˈdɛdliəst ɪn ˈmɑdərn juz. ˈhɪstəri. ˈæbət ˌriˈpɔrtəd ðət səm əv ðə bændz ˈmɛmbərz ənd kru ˈmɛmbərz wər ɔn ðə ˈkɑnsərt graʊnz ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə ˈʃutɪŋ ənd ˈwɪtnəst ˈɪnʤəriz. səm əv ðə kru ˈmɛmbərz wər hɪt wɪθ ʃˈræpnəl bət nɑt ˈɪnʤərd, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ə poʊst ɔn ðə bændz əˈfɪʃəl ˈfeɪsˌbʊk peɪʤ. ˈæbət ʤɔɪnd səˈlɛbrɪtiz ənd ˌpɑləˈtɪʃənz ɪn ˈsɛndɪŋ hɪz kənˈdoʊlənsəz tɪ ðə ˈvɪktɪmz ənd ðɛr ˈfæməliz ɔn bɪˈhæf əv ðə bænd, ənd hi ʃɛrd səm əv hɪz ˈpərsɪnəl ɪkˈspɪriəns ɔn tˈwɪtər. "aɪl ˈnɛvər ðoʊz ˈgənˌʃɑts; ənd ɑr bænd kru wɪl ˈnɛvər fərˈgɛt haʊ ðət ˈmoʊmənt meɪd ðɛm fil. ɑr hɑrts ər wɪθ ɔl ðə ˈvɪktɪmz," ˈæbət roʊt. aɪl ˈnɛvər ðoʊz ˈgənˌʃɑts; ənd ɑr bænd kru wɪl ˈnɛvər fərˈgɛt haʊ ðət ˈmoʊmənt meɪd ðɛm fil. ɑr hɑrts ər wɪθ ɔl ðə ˈvɪktɪmz ʤɑʃ ˈæbət (@joshabbottband*) ɑkˈtoʊbər 2 2017 bət ˈkitər tʊk hɪz rɪˈflɛkʃən ə stɛp ˈfərðər, ˈʃɛrɪŋ ə ˈstɔri əv haʊ hi ˈdræftɪd ˌgʊdˈbaɪ ˈmɛsɪʤɪz tɪ hɪz ˈfæməli ənd θɔt hi wʊd nɑt sərˈvaɪv. ðə naɪt pruvd ˈpɪvətəl ɪn ˈʃeɪpɪŋ hɪz pəˈlɪtɪkəl bɪˈlifs. "wi nid gən kənˈtroʊl raɪt. naʊ," ˈkitər roʊt. "maɪ ˈbɪgəst rɪˈgrɛt ɪz ðət aɪ ˈstəbərnli ˈriəˌlaɪz ɪt ənˈtɪl maɪ ˈbrəðərz ɔn ðə roʊd ənd ˌmaɪˈsɛlf wər θˈrɛtənd baɪ ɪt."
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deadly mass shooting in las vegas view all 15 images
a country music guitarist has changed his position on gun control after surviving a deadly mass shooting at a las vegas music festival that left him fearing for his life.
caleb keeter, lead guitarist of the texas-based josh abbott band, took to twitter on monday to share his personal experience in the wake of the shooting that left at least 58 people dead and hundreds injured. keeter said he had supported the second amendment all of his life until sunday.
"i cannot express how wrong i was," keeter wrote. "we actually have members of our crew with [concealed handgun licenses] licenses, and legal firearms on the bus. they were useless."
the josh abbott band performed as part of the route 91 harvest festival, a three-day country music festival that ended sunday in las vegas. authorities said 64-year-old stephen paddock of mesquite, nevada, opened fire into a crowd there. paddock fired from the 32nd floor of the mandalay bay hotel and casino across the street from the concert, and police said paddock killed himself after the shooting.
as the death and injury tolls rise, the shooting is being regarded as the deadliest in modern u.s. history.
frontman abbott reported that some of the band's members and crew members were on the concert grounds during the shooting and witnessed injuries. some of the crew members were hit with shrapnel but not injured, according to a post on the band's official facebook page.
abbott joined celebrities and politicians in sending his condolences to the victims and their families on behalf of the band, and he shared some of his personal experience on twitter.
"i'll never unhear those gunshots; and our band & crew will never forget how that moment made them feel. our hearts are with all the victims," abbott wrote.
i'll never unhear those gunshots; and our band & crew will never forget how that moment made them feel. our hearts are with all the victims — josh abbott (@joshabbottband) october 2, 2017
but keeter took his reflection a step further, sharing a story of how he drafted goodbye messages to his family and thought he would not survive. the night proved pivotal in shaping his political beliefs.
"we need gun control right. now," keeter wrote. "my biggest regret is that i stubbornly didn’t realize it until my brothers on the road and myself were threatened by it."
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ˈdɛpjətiz ɪn nɔrθ sæn diˈeɪgoʊ ər ˌɪnˈvɛstəˌgeɪtɪŋ ə ˈkɪdˌnæpɪŋ ˌɪnˈvɑlvɪŋ θri ˈpipəl hu əˈlɛʤədli traɪd tɪ ˈrɛskju ə ˈfæməli ˈmɛmbər ðeɪ bɪˈlivd wɑz biɪŋ ˈbreɪnˌwɑʃt baɪ ə rɪˈlɪʤəs kəmˈjunɪti. ðə sæn diˈeɪgoʊ ˈkaʊnti dɪˈpɑrtmənt sɛd θri ˈsəˌspɛkts wər ərˈɛstɪd ɪn kəˈnɛkʃən wɪθ ðə ˈkɪdˌnæpɪŋ əv ə mæn frəm ðə twɛlv traɪbz ɪn ˈvɪstə ˈfraɪˌdeɪ. ˈdɛpjətiz stɑpt ðə bɪˈzɑr ˈkɪdˌnæpɪŋ əraʊnd 5 p.m*. ɪn ðə 1500 blɑk əv ˈfʊˌthɪl draɪv. ðə dɪˈpɑrtmənt sɛd ə ˈdɛpjəti rɪˈspɑndɪŋ tɪ ə ˈdɪfərənt ˈɪnsədənt ɪn ðə ˈɛriə θɔt hi hərd ə kɑr kræʃ ɔn ə ˈnɪrˈbaɪ strit. hi ðɛn sɔ tu ˈviɪkəlz ə greɪ væn ənd ə rɛd væn spid əˈweɪ frəm ðə sin. bɪˈlivɪŋ ðɪs wɑz ə ˈhɪtænˌrən, ðə ˈdɛpjəti kɔld fər ˈbæˌkəp. əˈdɪʃənəl ˈdɛpjətiz traɪd tɪ pʊl ˈoʊvər boʊθ vænz, bət boʊθ ˈviɪkəlz feɪld tɪ stɑp. ə pərˈsut bɪˈgæn, bət ˈɛndɪd ˈʃɔrtli ðɛˈræftər ɔn ˈfʊˌthɪl draɪv. æt ðət pɔɪnt, ˈdɛpjətiz dɪˈteɪnd fɔr ˈpipəl frəm ðə rɛd væn ənd wən ˈpərsən frəm ðə greɪ væn. waɪl ˈæskɪŋ kˈwɛsʧənz, ˈdɛpjətiz ˈlərnɪd ðə ˈɪnsədənt wɑz nɑt ə ˈhɪtænˌrən, bət ˈrəðər ə ʧeɪs ðət stɛmd frəm ə ˈkɪdˌnæpɪŋ ðət hæd ˈhæpənd ˈmɪnəts ˈərliər æt ə haʊs ɪn ˈvɪstə ðət ˈɔlsoʊ sərvz ɛz ðə twɛlv traɪbz ʧərʧ. ˌɪnˈvɛstəˌgeɪtərz sɛd ðə greɪ væn wɑz pərˈsuɪŋ ðə rɛd væn ɪn wɪʧ ðə ˈvɪktɪm wɑz biɪŋ hɛld baɪ ðə ˈsəˌspɛkts. ðə ˈsəˌspɛkts ˈɑndreɪz martinez-manso*, 51 ɪˈlaɪzə mɑrˈtinɛz, 25 ənd ˈrɑbərt ˈhɛri ˈmæθju, 25 ər ɔl rɪˈleɪtɪd tɪ ðə ˈkɪdˌnæpɪŋ ˈvɪktɪm ənd toʊld ˈdɛpjətiz ðeɪ wər traɪɪŋ tɪ ˈrɛskju ðə mæn frəm ðə ʧərʧ bɪˈkəz ðeɪ bɪˈlivd hi wɑz biɪŋ ˈbreɪnˌwɑʃt. ðə ˈɪnsədənt rɪˈmeɪnz ˈəndər ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃən. ðə twɛlv traɪbz ˈɑpərˌeɪts rɪˈlɪʤəs kəmˈjunɪtiz ɔl ˈoʊvər ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts. ðə grup bɪˈgæn ɪn 1972 ɪn ˌʧætəˈnugə, tɛn. ˈmɛmbərz ɪn nɔrθ sæn diˈeɪgoʊ lɪv təˈgɛðər ɪn ə hoʊm ɪn ðə 2600 blɑk əv ˈfʊˌthɪl draɪv ðət ˈdəbəlz ɛz ə ʧərʧ. ðə twɛlv traɪbz ˈɔlsoʊ həz ə fɑrm ɪn ˈvæli ˈsɛnər, əˈbaʊt 18 maɪəlz əˈweɪ frəm ðə ˈvɪstə loʊˈkeɪʃən. ˈmɛmbərz ˈɔlsoʊ oʊn ðə ˈjɛloʊ ˈdɛli, ə ˈrɛˌstrɑnt ˈloʊˌkeɪtəd æt 315 ist ˈbrɔdˌweɪ ɪn ðə ˈvɪstə ˈvɪlɪʤ. əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ə ˈsteɪtmənt frəm ðə ʧərʧ, ˈrɑbərt mɑrˈtinɛz həz bɪn ə ˈmɛmbər fər faɪv jɪrz. hi həz ə waɪf hu ɪz ɪkˈspɛktɪŋ ðɛr fərst ʧaɪld ɪn ˌʤuˈlaɪ. ðə ˈʧərʧəz ˈsteɪtmənt wɛnt ɔn tɪ seɪ ðət ðə ɪˈvɛnts ˈsæˌtɪˌdeɪ wər ə səˈpraɪz ənd ðət ˈrɑbərts ˈfæməli həz bɪn ˈwɛlkəmd æt ðə ʧərʧ θruaʊt ðə taɪm ˈrɑbərt həz bɪn ə ˈmɛmbər. "wi ər nɑt ˈhɪdən ər ˌɪnəkˈsɛsəbəl tɪ ˈɛniˌwən, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ɑr ˈfæməli ˈmɛmbərz. ɪn fækt wi kənˈtɪnjuəli ˌɪnˈvaɪt ənd ˈwɛlkəm foʊks ˈɪntu ɑr ˈvɛri ˈspɛʃəl laɪf," ðə ˈsteɪtmənt ridz. "wi hæv noʊ ɪl wɪl təˈwɔrdz ˈfæməli, ənd hæv hoʊp əv ˌrɛkənˌsɪliˈeɪʃən ənd ˈgreɪtər ˌəndərˈstændɪŋ ɪn ðə fˈjuʧər."
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deputies in north san diego are investigating a kidnapping involving three people who allegedly tried to rescue a family member they believed was being brainwashed by a religious community.
the san diego county sheriff’s department said three suspects were arrested in connection with the kidnapping of a 23-year-old man from the twelve tribes community/church in vista friday.
deputies stopped the bizarre kidnapping around 5 p.m. in the 1500 block of foothill drive.
the sheriff’s department said a deputy responding to a different incident in the area thought he heard a car crash on a nearby street. he then saw two vehicles a gray van and a red van speed away from the scene.
believing this was a hit-and-run, the deputy called for backup. additional deputies tried to pull over both vans, but both vehicles failed to stop.
a pursuit began, but ended shortly thereafter on foothill drive.
at that point, deputies detained four people from the red van and one person from the gray van. while asking questions, deputies learned the incident was not a hit-and-run, but rather a chase that stemmed from a kidnapping that had happened minutes earlier at a house in vista that also serves as the twelve tribes church.
investigators said the gray van was pursuing the red van in which the victim was being held by the suspects.
the suspects andres martinez-manso, 51; eliza martinez, 25; and robert harry matthew, 25 are all related to the kidnapping victim and told deputies they were trying to rescue the man from the church because they believed he was being brainwashed.
the incident remains under investigation.
the twelve tribes operates religious communities all over the united states. the group began in 1972 in chattanooga, tenn.
members in north san diego live together in a home in the 2600 block of foothill drive that doubles as a church. the twelve tribes also has a farm in valley center, about 18 miles away from the vista location. members also own the yellow deli, a restaurant located at 315 east broadway in the vista village.
according to a statement from the church, robert martinez has been a member for five years. he has a wife who is expecting their first child in july.
the church's statement went on to say that the events saturday were a surprise and that robert's family has been welcomed at the church throughout the time robert has been a member.
"we are not hidden or inaccessible to anyone, including our family members. in fact we continually invite and welcome folks into our very special life," the statement reads. "we have no ill will towards robert’s family, and have hope of reconciliation and greater understanding in the future."
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səbˈmɪtəd baɪ ðə ˈloʊpɛz ˈaɪlənd ˈlaɪbrɛˌri æt 7 p.m*. ɔn ˈmənˌdeɪ, noʊv. 21 æt ˈloʊpɛz ˈsɛnər fər kəmˈjunɪti ənd ðə ɑrts, ðə ˈloʊpɛz ˈaɪlənd ˈlaɪbrɛˌri ənd ðə sæn wɑn ˈaɪləndz ˈnæʃənəl ˈmɑnjəmənt ər praʊd tɪ ˈprɛzənt ə ˈbjutəfəl ənd juˈnik ˈivnɪŋ ˈsɛləˌbreɪtɪŋ ðə naɪt skaɪ. ʤɔɪn fər ə ˈspɛʃəl ɪˈvɛnt ɪn ˌrɛkɪgˈnɪʃən əv ˈnæʃənəl ˈneɪtɪv əˈmɛrɪkən ˈhɛrɪtɪʤ mənθ. ðə skies”*” prəˈvaɪdz ə lʊk æt trəˈdɪʃənəl ˈnɑvəˌhoʊ əˈstrɑnəmi ənd ðə juˈnik weɪ ɪn wɪʧ ˈnɑvəˌhoʊ ˈpipəl vju ðə ˈkɑzmoʊs ənd ðɛr pleɪs wɪˈθɪn ɪt. ɪn hər ˌprɛzənˈteɪʃən, wɪl dɪˈskəs ðə faʊnˈdeɪʃənz əv ˈnɑvəˌhoʊ əˈstrɑnəmi ənd ˈprɛzənt ə ˈstənɪŋ ˈbækˌdrɑp əv ˈɪmɪʤɪz frəm ðə ˈhəbəl ˈtɛləˌskoʊp ɔn ðə bɪg skrin. ɪz ðə ˈprɪnsəpəl ˌɪnˈvɛstəˌgeɪtər fər ðə ˈnæʃənəl saɪəns ˈneɪtɪv ˈjunəˌvərs: ˌɪnˈdɪʤənəs vɔɪs ɪn saɪəns mˈjuziəmz, ə ˈpɑrtnərˌʃɪp ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ðə əˈstrɑnəmi ˈsɛnər, ˌjunəˈvərsəti əv ˌkæləˈfɔrnjə ˈbərkli, ˈɔrəˌgɑn mˈjuziəm əv saɪəns ənd ˈɪndəstri, ˈdɛzərt mˈjuziəm, ðə dərˈæŋgoʊ ˌdɪˈskəvri mˈjuziəm, əˌsoʊʃiˈeɪʃən əv ˈsɛnərz ənd ðə ˈnæʃənəl mˈjuziəm əv ðə əˈmɛrɪkən ˈɪndiən. ʃi ɪz fər ˈnɑvəˌhoʊ skaɪ, ə ˈprɑʤɛkt ðət dɪˈvɛləps ˈdɪʤɪtəl ˈmɑʤulz fər planetariums*, ˌʤəkstəˈpoʊzɪŋ ˈnɑvəˌhoʊ ənd ˈwɛstərn əˈstrɑnəmi ənd ɪz ˈæˌʤəŋkt prəˈfɛsər ɪn ðə dɪˈpɑrtmənt əv ˈfɪzɪks ənd əˈstrɑnəmi æt ˈnɔrðərn ˌɛrɪˈzoʊnə ˌjunəˈvərsəti. ɪz ˈnɑvəˌhoʊ ənd ˈʧɛrəˌki. ɛz ə ˈspɛʃəl ˈfiʧər əv ðə ˌprɛzənˈteɪʃən, fəˈtɑgrəfər krɪs wɪl ʃɛr hɪz ˈbrɛθˌteɪkɪŋ ˈɪmɪʤɪz əv ðə ˈnɔrðərn laɪts. ˈfɑloʊɪŋ ðə ˈproʊˌgræm, ˈwɛðər pərˈmɪtɪŋ, ðə ɪˈvɛnt wɪl ˈɔfər stɑr ˈgeɪzɪŋ wɪθ ɔn ðə ˈloʊpɛz lɔn. wi ɪnˈkərəʤ ju tɪ brɪŋ jʊr oʊn ˈtɛləˌskoʊp ər ʃɛr wɪθ ˈəðərz. hɑt drɪŋks wɪl bi prəˈvaɪdɪd. ˈʃɛrɪŋ ðə skaɪz θru ˈnɑvəˌhoʊ aɪz ɪz ˈfəndɪd baɪ ˈnæsə, ˈbərkli, ðə ˌɪnˈdɪʤənəs ˌɛʤəˈkeɪʃən ˈɪnstɪˌtut, ðə sæn wɑn ˈaɪləndz ˈnæʃənəl ˈmɑnjəmənt ənd ðə ˈloʊpɛz ˈaɪlənd ˈlaɪbrɛˌri. fər mɔr ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən ˈkɑnˌtækt ʤɛn æt ˈloʊpɛz ˈaɪlənd ˈlaɪbrɛˌri
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submitted by the lopez island library
at 7 p.m. on monday, nov. 21, at lopez center for community and the arts, the lopez island library and the san juan islands national monument are proud to present a beautiful and unique evening celebrating the night sky. join maryboy for a special event in recognition of national native american heritage month.
“sharing the skies” provides a look at traditional navajo astronomy and the unique way in which navajo people view the cosmos and their place within it. in her presentation, maryboy will discuss the foundations of navajo astronomy and present a stunning backdrop of images from the hubble telescope on the big screen. maryboy is the principal investigator for the national science foundation-funded native universe: indigenous voice in science museums, a partnership including the imiloa astronomy center, university of california berkeley, oregon museum of science and industry, arizona-sonora desert museum, the durango discovery museum, association of science-technology centers and the national museum of the american indian. she is co-pi for navajo sky, a nasa-funded project that develops digital modules for planetariums, juxtaposing navajo and western astronomy and is adjunct professor in the department of physics and astronomy at northern arizona university.
maryboy is navajo and cherokee. as a special feature of the presentation, photographer chris teren will share his breathtaking images of the northern lights. following the program, weather permitting, the event will offer star gazing with maryboy on the lopez center’s lawn. we encourage you to bring your own telescope or share with others. hot drinks will be provided. sharing the skies through navajo eyes is funded by nasa, multiverse uc berkeley, the indigenous education institute, the san juan islands national monument and the lopez island library. for more information contact jen krajack at lopez island library (468-2265).
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ɪf jʊr stɪl ˈrilɪŋ frəm ðə ˈskændəl, hoʊld ɔn tɪ jʊr hæts ðɛr meɪ wɛl bi ˈɑrsənɪk ɪn jʊr bɪr ənd ræt hɛr ɪn jʊr ˈʧɔklət sɪns ðə ˈskændəl, mɔr əv ˈjuˈɛs ðən ˈɛvər ˌbiˈfɔr ər ˈhoʊldɪŋ ə ˈmaɪkrəˌskoʊp əp tɪ wət wi it. bət noʊ ˈmætər haʊ ˈmɛni ˈleɪbəlz ju rɛd, ju kʊd stɪl bi kənˈsumɪŋ θɪŋz jʊd ˈrəðər pʊt ɔn jʊr "du nɑt it" lɪst. frəm ˈjumən hɛr ɪn ɑr brɛd tɪ fɪʃ ˈblædər ɪn ɑr bɪr, ðɛr ər ə lɔt əv ˈædɪtɪvz ənd fud ˈprɑsɛsɪŋ tɛkˈniks ðət ɪmˈplɔɪ ˌɪnˈgridiənts ənd ˈkɛmɪkəlz fju wʊd ˈklæsəˌfaɪ ɛz "appetising*". ɪts ə riˈmaɪndər, ˈfræŋkli, ðət fudz ər jʊr bɛst bɛt. ˈɑrsənɪk ˈtreɪsɪz əv ˈɑrsənɪk ɪn fud ər ˈnəθɪŋ nu. ðə ˈpoʊtənt ˈjumən kɑrˈsɪnəʤən ˈɑrsənɪk həz bɪn noʊn tɪ tərn əp ɪn ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ frəm raɪs tɪ ˈsɪriəl tɪ ʤus, ənd moʊst ˈrisəntli ˈʤərmən ˈrisərʧərz faʊnd ˈtreɪsɪz əv ɪt ɪn bɪr, ˈnoʊtɪŋ səm ˈlɛvəlz faʊnd wər mɔr ðən twaɪs ðən wət ɪz əˈlaʊd ɪn ˈdrɪŋkɪŋ ˈwɔtər. ˈtreɪsɪz əv ˈɑrsənɪk kən ˈæˌkʧuəli bi faʊnd ɪn boʊθ bɪrz ənd waɪn ðət ər ˈklɪrər ɪn ˈkələr. ðæts bɪˈkəz ðeɪ wɪl hæv bɪn ˈfɪltərd tɪ gɪt rɪd əv plænt ˈmætər ənd ˈlɛfˌtoʊvər jist; moʊst ˈpipəl doʊnt wɔnt tɪ drɪŋk ə ˈklaʊdi ˈpɪnət ˈæftər ɔl. tɪ ˈfɪltər, bɪr ənd juz ərθ, ə ˈnæʧərəl ˈprɑdəkt ðət kənˈteɪnz aɪərn ənd ˈmɛtəlz; hɛns ðə ˈɑrsənɪk. wɔnt lɛs ˈɑrsənɪk ɪn jʊr drɪŋk? ɑpt fər drɪŋks ðət ər ənˈfɪltərd. ˈjumən hɛr əˈminoʊ ˈæsədz ər jʊr ˈbɑdiz ˈbɪldɪŋ blɑks, ənd waɪl ðeɪ kən bi gʊd fər jʊr hɛlθ, nɑt ɔl əˈminoʊ ˈæsədz ər kriˈeɪtɪd ˈikwəl. ən əˈminoʊ ˈæsəd juzd tɪ prəˈlɔŋ ɪn ˈprɑdəkts səʧ ɛz kəˈmərʃəl brɛd kən bi faʊnd ɪn dək ənd ˈʧɪkən ˈfɛðərz ənd kaʊ hɔrnz, bət moʊst ðæts juzd ɪn fud kəmz frəm ˈjumən hɛr. ɪt həz bɪn ˌriˈpɔrtəd ðət moʊst əv ðə hɛr juzd tɪ meɪk kəmz frəm ˈʧaɪnə, wɛr ɪts ˈgæðərd frəm ənd hɛr səˈlɑnz. ju kən əˈvɔɪd baɪ baɪɪŋ frɛʃ brɛd frəm ə ˈloʊkəl ˈbeɪkər, ɛz ɪt ɪz nɑt ən ˈædɪtɪv ɪn flaʊər. stɪr klɪr əv fæst fud ˈpleɪsɪz səʧ ɛz məkˈdɑnəldz, ˈdəŋkɪn' ˈdoʊˌnəts ənd ˈbərgər kɪŋ tu, hu ɔl juz ɛz ən ˈædɪtɪv. ˈjumən hɛr ɪn brɛd? ˈfoʊtəˌgræf: ˈɪmɪʤɪz ˈæntiˌfriz jʊr nɑt ˈdrɪŋkɪŋ streɪt ˈæntiˌfriz wɪn ju daʊn ə sɔft drɪŋk, bət ɪf jʊr drɪŋk əv ʧɔɪs həz proʊpəˈlin ˈglaɪˌkɔl ɪn ɪt jʊr kənˈsumɪŋ ə ˈkɑmpaʊnd ðæts juzd fər ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ frəm ˈæntiˌfriz tɪ kɑzˈmɛtɪks tɪ ˌfɑrməˈsutɪkəlz tɪ ˌɪˌlɛkˈtrɑnɪk ˌsɪgəˈrɛts. ɪts ˈprɑpərtiz ər ˈmɛni, soʊ ɪts noʊ səˈpraɪz ðət ˈkɛmɪkəl ˈkəmpəˌniz səʧ ɛz daʊ gɪt ɪkˈsaɪtɪd əˈbaʊt ɪts pəˈtɛnʃəl ɪn ðə ˈkɔrpərət fud wərld. ɪts ˈɔlsoʊ ə ˈmaɪnər ˌɪnˈgridiənt ɪn kɔˈrɛksɪts, ðə ɔɪl ˌdɪˈspərsənt ðət wɑz juzd ˈæftər ðə ˈdipˌwɔtər hərˈaɪzən ɔɪl spɪl. ˈfɔrʧənətli, ɪf ju lɪv ɪn ðə ˌjʊrəˈpiən ˈjunjən, proʊpəˈlin ˈglaɪˌkɔl ɪz nɑt klɪrd ɛz ə fud greɪd ˈprɑdəkt ər dɪˈrɛkt fud ˈædɪtɪv. ˈbivər ˈeɪnəl glændz ɪf jʊr ˈitɪŋ vəˈnɪlə, ˈstrɔˌbɛri ər ˈræzˌbɛri ˈaɪˌskrim, ju meɪ ʤɪst bi ˈitɪŋ ˈeɪnəl ənd ˈjʊrən səˈkriʃənz. castoreum*, wɪʧ kəmz frəm ðə ˈkæstər sæks əv meɪl ənd ˈfiˌmeɪl ˈbivərz, ɪz ən fud ˈædɪtɪv ˈpɑpjələr ɪn ice-creams*, ənd əˈlaʊd tɪ bi kɔld "ˈnæʧərəl flavouring*", ˈminɪŋ ju ˈprɑbəˌbli doʊnt noʊ ðət ju ər ˈitɪŋ ɪt. ˈfænsi ən ˈaɪˌskrim? ˈfoʊtəˌgræf: ˈʤunjərz fɪʃ ˈblædər ə raʊnd əv bɪrz meɪ saʊnd laɪk ðə ˈpərˌfɪkt weɪ tɪ ˈsɛləˌbreɪt wɪθ ˌvɛʤəˈtɛˌriən ənd ˈvɛgən frɛndz əˈlaɪk, bət wɔʧ wət bɪr jʊr ˈdrɪŋkɪŋ. ɪz ə ˈsəbstəns prəˈdust frəm ðə swɪm ˈblædər əv ə fɪʃ. ɪts ˈædɪd tɪ kæsk bɪrz ənd ˈgɪnəs, tɪ hɛlp riˈmuv ˈɛni "haziness*" frəm ðə ˈfaɪnəl ˈprɑdəkt riˈmuvɪŋ ˈɛni ˈrɛzəˌdu jist ər ˈsɑləd ˈpɑrtɪkəlz ɪn ðə bɪr wɪʧ minz ju kʊd ɛnd əp wɪθ ə treɪs əv fɪʃ ˈblædər ɪn jʊr paɪnt glæs. koʊl tɑr ˈmɛni ˈprɑsɛst fudz ər noʊn fər ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ə lɔŋ lɪst əv daɪz, ənd ˈmɛni əv ðoʊz daɪz ər dəraɪvd frəm koʊl tɑr. ˈjɛloʊ 5 ˈɔlsoʊ noʊn ɛz tartrazine*, wɑz lɪŋkt tɪ ˈʧaɪlˌdhʊd ˌhaɪpərækˈtɪvɪti ɪn 2007 ənd sɪns ðɛn ˈɛni ˈprɑdəkt ɪn ðə ðət kənˈteɪnz ɪt məst ˈɔlsoʊ kəm wɪθ ə ˈwɔrnɪŋ ˈleɪbəl. ɪn ðə ˈjuˈɛs, ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ðɛr ɪz noʊ səʧ ˌrɛgjəˈleɪʃən. kənˈsərn ˈoʊvər ðə fud ˈkələrˌrɪŋ ˈrisəntli ˈprɑmptɪd ˈblɔgərz tɪ pəˈtɪʃən kræft tɪ riˈmuv ðə daɪz frəm ðɛr ˈpɑpjələr ˌmækərˈoʊni ʧiz ˈprɑdəkt. wəts ɪn jʊr ˈnəgəts? ˈfoʊtəˌgræf: ˈɪmɪʤɪz ˈsɪləˌkoʊn brɛst ˌɪmˈplænt ˈfɪlər ˈʧɪkən məkˈnəgəts frəm məkˈdɑnəldz ˈɑrənt noʊn fər biɪŋ ðə ˈhɛlθiɪst θɪŋ ɔn ðə ˈplænət, bət ðɛr nɑt ˈrɪli noʊn fər biɪŋ "ˈʧɪkən" ˈiðər. ðə ˈnəgəts ər ˈæˌkʧuəli ˈoʊnli əˈbaʊt 50 ˈækʧəwəl ˈʧɪkən; ðə rɛst kəmˈpraɪzɪz sɪnˈθɛtɪk ˌɪnˈgridiənts, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ dimethylpolysiloxane*, ə ˈkɛmɪkəl juzd ɪn ˈsɪləˌkoʊn ðət kən bi faʊnd ɪn ˈsɪli ˈpəti ɛz wɛl ɛz brɛst ˌɪmˈplænt ˈfɪlər. bɔɪld ˈbitəl ʃɛlz ˈnæʧərəl rɛd 4 meɪ saʊnd ˈhɑrmləs, bət ðə fud ˈkələrˌrɪŋ ˈɔlsoʊ noʊn ɛz ˈkɑrˌmaɪn ɪz meɪd baɪ ˈbɔɪlɪŋ ˈfiˌmeɪl ˈɪnˌsɛkt ʃɛlz ɪn əˈmoʊnjə ər ə ˈsoʊdiəm ˈkɑrbəˌneɪt səˈluʃən. ɪt teɪks əˈbaʊt əv ðə bəgz tɪ ˈproʊdus wən paʊnd əv daɪ. ˈkɔfi ʤaɪənt ˈstɑrˌbəks gɑt slæmd ɪn 2012 fər ˈjuzɪŋ ðə ˈædɪtɪv ɪn ðɛr ənd ɪˈvɛnʧəwəli ɪt, bət ɪts ə ˈkɑmənli ɪmˈplɔɪd ˌɪnˈgridiənt ɪn ˈmɛni fudz. ðə ˌjʊrəˈpiən fud ˈstændərdz əˈθɔrəti ˈrisəntli ˌɪnˈkludɪd ɪt ɛz ən ˈædɪtɪv tɪ ˈrisərʧ mɔr. bət waɪl səm meɪ fil kˈwizi æt ðə θɔt əv kənˈsumɪŋ bəgz, ðə sɪnˈθɛtɪk ɔlˈtərnətɪvz tɪ ðɪs ˈnæʧərəl daɪ, səʧ ɛz rɛd 2 ənd rɛd 40 ər meɪd frəm pəˈtroʊliəm ˈprɑdəkts. pɪk jʊr ˈpɔɪzən. ˈroʊdənt hɛr prəˈdusɪŋ fud ˈprɑdəkts ɪn ən ˌɪnˈdəstriəl fəˈsɪlɪti ɪz ˈnəθɪŋ laɪk ˈkʊkɪŋ æt hoʊm, ənd ˈsərtənli ə bɪg ˈwɛˌrhaʊs speɪs ɪz ʃʊr tɪ bi hoʊm tɪ ə fju ˈroʊdənts hir ənd ðɛr. ˈmeɪbi ðæts waɪ ðə ˈjuˈɛs əˈlaʊz fər ˈsərtən əˈmaʊnts əv ˈroʊdənt hɛr ɪn ˈvɛriəs ˈprɑdəkts, ˈsəmθɪŋ ðeɪ kɔl ən "ˌənəˈvɔɪdəbəl ˈdifɛkts": wən ˈroʊdənt hɛr fər ˈɛvəri ˈʧɔklət, 22 ˈroʊdənt hɛrz fər ˈɛvəri ˈsɪnəmən ənd faɪv ˈroʊdənt hɛrz fər ˈɛvəri ʤɑr əv ˈpiˌnət ˈbətər. jəm. ˈbɔˌræks bænd ɪn ðə ˈjuˈɛs ənd ˈkænədə ɛz ə fud ˈædɪtɪv bət əˈlaʊd ɪn ðə, ˈbɔˌræks ɪz ˈɔlsoʊ noʊn fər ˈmeɪkɪŋ ɪts weɪ ˈɪntu fire-retardant*, ˈkɑmpaʊndz ənd ɪˈnæməl. ɛz ɪts noʊn ɪn ðə fud wərld, ɪz juzd tɪ kənˈtroʊl əˈsɪdəti ɪn ˈprɑdəkts ɛz wɛl ɛz əˈsɪst ɪn ˌprɛzərˈveɪʃən. jul faɪnd ɪt ɪn səm ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ðoʊz ˌɪmˈpɔrtɪd tɪ ðə ˈjuˈɛs ɛz wɛl ɛz ˈvɛriəs ˈeɪʒən ˈnudəl ənd raɪs ˈdɪʃɪz ɛz ɪt ædz ə fərm, ˈrəbəri ˈtɛksʧər tɪ fudz. soʊ. ˈɛni mɔr fər ˈɛni mɔr?
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if you're still reeling from the horsemeat scandal, hold on to your hats there may well be arsenic in your beer and rat hair in your chocolate
since the horsemeat scandal, more of us than ever before are holding a microscope up to what we eat. but no matter how many labels you read, you could still be consuming things you'd rather put on your "do not eat" list. from human hair in our bread to fish bladder in our beer, there are a lot of additives and food processing techniques that employ ingredients and chemicals few would classify as "appetising". it's a reminder, frankly, that non-processed foods are your best bet.
arsenic
traces of arsenic in food are nothing new. the potent human carcinogen arsenic has been known to turn up in everything from rice to cereal to juice, and most recently german researchers found traces of it in beer, noting some levels found were more than twice than what is allowed in drinking water. traces of arsenic can actually be found in both beers and wine that are clearer in colour. that's because they will have been filtered to get rid of plant matter and leftover yeast; most people don't want to drink a cloudy pinot grigio after all. to filter, beer and winemakers use diatomaceous earth, a natural product that contains iron and metals; hence the arsenic. want less arsenic in your drink? opt for drinks that are unfiltered.
human hair
amino acids are your body's building blocks, and while they can be good for your health, not all amino acids are created equal. l-cysteine an amino acid used to prolong shelf-life in products such as commercial bread can be found in duck and chicken feathers and cow horns, but most that's used in food comes from human hair. it has been reported that most of the hair used to make l-cysteine comes from china, where it's gathered from barbershops and hair salons. you can avoid l-cysteine by buying fresh bread from a local baker, as it is not an additive in flour. steer clear of fast food places such as mcdonald's, dunkin' donuts and burger king too, who all use l-cysteine as an additive.
human hair … in bread? photograph: romilly lockyer/getty images
antifreeze
you're not drinking straight antifreeze when you down a soft drink, but if your drink of choice has propylene glycol in it you're consuming a compound that's used for everything from antifreeze to cosmetics to pharmaceuticals to electronic cigarettes. its properties are many, so it's no surprise that chemical companies such as dow get excited about its potential in the corporate food world. it's also a minor ingredient in corexit, the oil dispersant that was used after the deepwater horizon oil spill. fortunately, if you live in the european union, propylene glycol is not cleared as a general-purpose food grade product or direct food additive.
beaver anal glands
if you're eating vanilla, strawberry or raspberry ice-cream, you may just be eating beaver's anal and urine secretions. castoreum, which comes from the castor sacs of male and female beavers, is an fda-approved food additive popular in ice-creams, and allowed to be called "natural flavouring", meaning you probably don't know that you are eating it.
fancy an ice-cream? photograph: juniors bildarchiv/alamy
fish bladder
a round of beers may sound like the perfect way to celebrate with vegetarian and vegan friends alike, but watch what beer you're drinking. isinglass is a gelatin-like substance produced from the swim bladder of a fish. it's added to cask beers and guinness, to help remove any "haziness" from the final product - removing any residue yeast or solid particles in the beer which means you could end up with a trace of fish bladder in your pint glass.
coal tar
many processed foods are known for including a long list of dyes, and many of those dyes are derived from coal tar. yellow #5, also known as tartrazine, was linked to childhood hyperactivity in 2007 and since then any product in the eu that contains it must also come with a warning label. in the us, however, there is no such regulation. concern over the food colouring recently prompted bloggers to petition kraft to remove the dyes from their popular macaroni cheese product.
what's in your nuggets? photograph: anne-christine poujoulat/afp/getty images
silicone breast implant filler
chicken mcnuggets from mcdonald's aren't known for being the healthiest thing on the planet, but they're not really known for being "chicken" either. the nuggets are actually only about 50% actual chicken; the rest comprises synthetic ingredients, including dimethylpolysiloxane, a chemical used in silicone that can be found in silly putty as well as breast implant filler.
boiled beetle shells
natural red #4 may sound harmless, but the food colouring also known as carmine is made by boiling female cochineal insect shells in ammonia or a sodium carbonate solution. it takes about 70,000 of the bugs to produce one pound of dye. coffee giant starbucks got slammed in 2012 for using the additive in their frappuccinos and eventually binned it, but it's a commonly employed ingredient in many foods. the european food standards authority recently included it as an additive to research more. but while some may feel queasy at the thought of consuming bugs, the synthetic alternatives to this natural dye, such as red #2 and red #40, are made from petroleum products. pick your poison.
rodent hair
producing food products in an industrial facility is nothing like cooking at home, and certainly a big warehouse space is sure to be home to a few rodents here and there. maybe that's why the us fda allows for certain amounts of rodent hair in various products, something they call an "unavoidable defects": one rodent hair for every 100g chocolate, 22 rodent hairs for every 100g cinnamon and five rodent hairs for every 18oz jar of peanut butter. yum.
borax
banned in the us and canada as a food additive but allowed in the eu, borax is also known for making its way into fire-retardant, anti-fungal compounds and enamel. e285, as it's known in the food world, is used to control acidity in products as well as assist in preservation. you'll find it in some caviars including those imported to the us as well as various asian noodle and rice dishes as it adds a firm, rubbery texture to foods.
so. any more for any more?
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fɪr ðə wʊlvz. ðeɪ ər koʊld, ðeɪ ər ˈhəŋgri ənd ðeɪ wɪl stɑp æt ˈnəθɪŋ tɪ survive…*… ragnarok*. ˈlɛʤənd həz ɪt ðət wɪn ðə ˈkoʊldəst ˈwɪntər dɪˈsɛndz, ðə wɪl rɪˈtərn tɪ teɪk ðɛr ˈvɛnʤəns əˈgɛnst ðə gɑdz əv ˈɑsˌgɑrd. ðə wərld ɪz ɔn ðə roʊd tɪ ənd ðə feɪt əv hæŋz ɪn ðə ˈbæləns. bət wɪn ðə faɪər ənd frɔst ʤaɪənts bɪˈgɪn tɪ mərʤ ðɛr ˈɑrmiz, ðeɪ ɪnˈkaʊnər ðə klæn əv ðə ðə wʊlvz əv. ˈblədi, bət ənˈboʊd ˈfɑloʊɪŋ ðə dɪˈstrəkʃən əv ðɛr ˈvɪlɪʤ, ðɪs noʊˈtɔriəs bænd əv ˈɔstrəˌsaɪzd ˈvaɪkɪŋ ˈwɔrjərz ər dɪˈtərmənd tɪ siz ðɛr ˈdɛstəni ənd seɪv ðə wərld. ɛz klæn ʧif, ju məst seɪv frəm kəmˈplit əˌnaɪəˈleɪʃən, ənd ˈspɪˌrhɛd ðə ʧɑrʤ tɪ ˈvæŋkwɪʃ ðə ˈfindɪʃ ˈkriʧərz əv ðə fimbulwinter*. ðə ˈækʃən ˈvaɪkɪŋz wʊlvz əv teɪks ju tɪ ðə ʃɔrz əv, ə wərld beɪst əˈpɑn ðə məˈθɑləˌʤi ənd ˈhɪstəri əv ðə ˈvaɪkɪŋz, bət wɪθ ə ˈfænəsi twɪst. ˈbætəl ðə ˈfɪrsəm, hɔrdz əv ˈtɛrəˌfaɪɪŋ ənd ðə bists əv ragnarok*, ɛz ju straɪv tɪ sərˈvaɪv ðə groʊɪŋ koʊld ðət θˈrɛtənz tɪ ɛnd ɔl laɪf, fərˈɛvər. ˈmæstər ˈmaɪti ˈwɛpənz, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ sɔrd ənd ʃild, ˈhæmərz, ˈækˌsɪz ənd swɪft boʊz. ərn bləd ɪn ˈbætəl tɪ ˈɔfər ɪn ˈtrɪbjut tɪ ðə gɑdz ɪn ˈɔrdər tɪ əkˈwaɪər ənd ɛnˈhæns ˈdɛvəˌsteɪtɪŋ spɛl paʊərz ənd ˈəðər ˈspɛʃəl unlockables*. ˈfænəsi mits nɔrs məˈθɑləˌʤi: ˈtrævəl ðə rɛlmz əv ˈərθli, ˈfrizɪŋ ənd ˈbɔɪlɪŋ balheim*, ˈiðər ɛz ə fɪrs ˈvaɪkɪŋ ˈwɔrjər ər ˈmərsələs. ðə ˈdɛdli fimbulwinter*: wɪθˈstænd ðə ˈdɛθli koʊldz ənd prəˈtɛkt ˈjɔrsɛlf frəm ɪkˈspoʊʒər tɪ ræθ ɪn ˈɔrdər tɪ sərˈvaɪv. ˈtrɪbjut tɪ ðə gɑdz: kəˈlɛkt bləd frəm ˈfɑlən ˈɛnəmiz ənd ˈsækrəˌfaɪs ɪt æt ðə ˈɔltər tɪ geɪn gɪfts frəm ðə gɑdz tɪ ɛnˈhæns jʊr paʊərz. reɪʤ: lɛt jʊr ˈæŋgər teɪk hoʊld baɪ ˈæktəˌveɪtɪŋ reɪʤ moʊd tɪ ˌoʊvərˈwɛlm jʊr ˈɛnəmiz ɪn ˈblədˌθərsti ˈkɑmbæt. ðə ɑrt əv ˈkɑmbæt: ˈpərˌfɪkt jʊr skɪlz wɪθ iʧ ˈwɛpən tɪ ənˈlɑk ðɛr tru pəˈtɛnʃəl, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ sɔrdz, boʊz ənd keɪnz. ðə paʊər əv ðə gɑdz: meɪk ðə əˈbɪləˌtiz əv ðə gɑdz jʊr oʊn baɪ ɪkˈwɪpɪŋ ˈæmjələts, laɪk ðə əv θɔr ər loki*. pʊt jʊr nu skɪlz tɪ ðə tɛst baɪ kəmˈpitɪŋ ɪn ðə traɪəlz əv ðə gɑdz tɪ ərn ˈfərðər rɪˈwɔrdz. ˈtimˌwərk: tim əp wɪθ ə frɛnd ənd ˈʤərni tɪ ðə ʃɔrz əv təˈgɛðər ɪn ən ˈɛpɪk tu pleɪər ˈɔnˌlaɪn koʊɑp moʊd. ʧuz bɪtˈwin fɔr ˈdɪfɪˌkəlti ˈlɛvəlz tɪ sut jʊr skɪlz ənd ˈtælənts. du ju dɛr əˈtɛmpt ðə ˌənriˈlɛntɪŋ ˈhɑrdˈkɔr moʊd? əˈdɪʃənəl ˈfiʧərz: ðə klæn əv wʊlvz: riˈbɪld jʊr ˈvɪlɪʤ ənd lɛd jʊr klæn tɪ ˈvɪktəri ənd prɑˈspɛrəti. ˈlɛʤənˌdɛri ˈwɛpənz: ˈgæðər ðə ˈskætərd ˈfrægmənts əv ˈmɪθɪkəl ˈwɛpənz ənd tɪ teɪk ɔn ðə moʊst ˈfɪrsəm ˈkriʧərz əv ðə rɛlmz. ə klæs əv ɪts oʊn: bɪˈkəm ˈivɪn mɔr ˈpaʊərfəl ɪn ðə nɛkst laɪf baɪ əˈtɛmptɪŋ nu geɪm+, ənd pʊʃ jʊr ˈvaɪkɪŋ ˈwɔrjər ər tɪ ðɛr ˈlɪmət. ɪnˈvaɪrənmənts: ˈjutəˌlaɪz jʊr sərˈaʊndɪŋz baɪ ˈbɛriɪŋ jʊr foʊz ˈəndər ˈfɑlɪŋ rɑks ər ˈpʊʃɪŋ ðɛm ɔf haɪ klɪfs.
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fear the wolves. they are cold, they are hungry - and they will stop at nothing to survive…
ragnarok. legend has it that when the coldest winter descends, the jotan will return to take their vengeance against the gods of asgard. the world is on the road to perdition and the fate of midgard hangs in the balance. but when the fire and frost giants begin to merge their armies, they encounter the clan of the ulfung the wolves of midgard. bloody, but unbowed following the destruction of their village, this notorious band of ostracized viking warriors are determined to seize their destiny and save the world. as clan chief, you must save midgard from complete annihilation, and spearhead the charge to vanquish the fiendish creatures of the fimbulwinter.
the action rpg vikings wolves of midgard takes you to the shores of midgard, a world based upon the mythology and history of the vikings, but with a fantasy twist. battle the fearsome jotan, hordes of terrifying undead monstrosities and the beasts of ragnarok, as you strive to survive the growing cold that threatens to end all life, forever. master mighty weapons, including sword and shield, two-handed hammers, dual-wielded axes and swift bows. earn blood in battle to offer in tribute to the gods in order to acquire and enhance devastating spell powers and other special unlockables.
fantasy meets norse mythology: travel the realms of earthly midgard, freezing niflheim and boiling balheim, either as a fierce viking warrior or merciless shieldmaiden.
the deadly fimbulwinter: withstand the deathly colds and protect yourself from exposure to nature’s wrath in order to survive.
tribute to the gods: collect blood from fallen enemies and sacrifice it at the altar to gain gifts from the gods to enhance your powers.
berserker rage: let your anger take hold by activating rage mode to overwhelm your enemies in bloodthirsty combat.
the art of combat: perfect your skills with each weapon to unlock their true potential, including swords, bows and spell-powered canes.
the power of the gods: make the abilities of the gods your own by equipping power-infused amulets, like the talismans of thor or loki. put your new skills to the test by competing in the trials of the gods to earn further rewards.
teamwork: team up with a friend and journey to the shores of midgard together in an epic two player online co-op mode. choose between four difficulty levels to suit your skills and talents. do you dare attempt the unrelenting hardcore mode? additional features: the clan of wolves: rebuild your village and lead your clan to victory and prosperity.
legendary weapons: gather the scattered fragments of mythical weapons and armors to take on the most fearsome creatures of the realms.
a class of its own: become even more powerful in the next life by attempting new game+, and push your viking warrior or shieldmaiden to their limit.
destructible environments: utilize your surroundings by burying your foes under falling rocks or pushing them off high cliffs.
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ðə spərɪŋ əv 2015 mɑrkt ðə ˌænəˈvərsəri əv ˈsoʊviˌɛt ˈlidər mɪˈkeɪl ˈpɑləsi əv ˌpɛrəˈstrɔɪkə. ə juˈnik ˈpɪriəd ɪn ˈrəʃən ˈhɪstəri, ðə ˈpɛrəˌdaɪm əv ðə ˈsoʊviˌɛt dɪˈvɛləpmənt ˌəndərˈwɛnt ə ˈkɑrdɪnəl ʧeɪnʤ ɪn ə ˈpisfəl ˈfæʃən. ɪn fækt, ðə ˈsɪstəm əv praɪˈɔrətiz wɑz rɪˈvaɪzd ənd nu ˈpɑləsi ˈgaɪˌdlaɪnz wər aɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪd. ə ˈpaʊərfəl weɪv əv ɪnˈθuziˌæzəm ənd ə sɪnˈsɪr dɪˈzaɪər fər ʧeɪnʤ swɛpt ˈoʊvər soʊˈsaɪɪti. jɛt ðə ˌdɪsəˈpɔɪntmənt wɑz prɑmpt ənd ˈbɪtər. ðə rɪˈfɔrmz əv ðə leɪt ˈɛndɪd ɪn ə proʊˈfaʊnd ˈkraɪsəs ənd ðə dɪˌsɪnəˈgreɪʃən əv ðə ˈsoʊviˌɛt ˈjunjən. wi ər stɪl ɪkˈspɪriənsɪŋ ðə ˈæftərˌʃɑks əv ðoʊz tɛkˈtɑnɪk ˈtrɛmərz ənd ər ˈæskɪŋ ðə seɪm, stɪl ˌəˈnænsərd, kˈwɛsʧənz, waɪl ˈklæʃɪŋ ɪn dɪˈspjuts ðət ʃʊd hæv bɪn ˈfɪnɪʃt jɪrz əˈgoʊ. ˌpɛrəˈstrɔɪkə ənd ɪts ˈfɔrən ˈpɑləsi rɪˈmeɪn ˈəndərˈɛstəˌmeɪtɪd ɪn ˈrəʃə. ənˈtɪl wi teɪk ən ˌɪmˈpɑrʃəl lʊk æt ðɪs ˈkruʃəl steɪʤ ɪn dɪˈvɛləpmənt, aɪ fɪr wi wɪl rɪˈmeɪn træpt ɪn ðə ˈvɪʃəs ˈsərkəl əv hɪˈstɔrɪkəl dum. wər ðə ˈdræstɪk ˈʧeɪnʤɪz wərθ ɪt? ɪn ˈʤænjuˌɛri 1986 wən əv maɪ ˈkɑligz æt ðə ˈfɔrən ˈmɪnɪstri, ˈoʊləg grinevsky*, ɔl əv ə ˈsədən pɔrd aʊt hɪz hɑrt tɪ mi: wɑz noʊ pɔɪnt ɪn ˈlɔnʧɪŋ ˌpɛrəˈstrɔɪkə ɪn ə ˈkəntri ðət wɑz nɑt ˈrɛdi fər ʧeɪnʤ. wi ˈoʊpənd ðə ˈflədˌgeɪts ˈoʊnli tɪ meɪk θɪŋz wərs. ɪn ɑr soʊˈsaɪɪti, wɪθ ɪts ˈvɛri ˈmɑdəst dɪˈmændz, θɪŋz kʊd hæv ˈsɪmərd fər ə lɔŋ taɪm. tru, wi wər ˈlægɪŋ bɪˈhaɪnd, bət ˈlægɪŋ bɪˈhaɪnd dɪz nɑt ˌnɛsəˈsɛrəli spɛl ˈətər failure.”*.” əˈnəðər colleage*, ˈjuli kvɪtˈsɪnski, ˈvɛri ˌdɪsəˈpɔɪnɪd æt ɑr ““loss”*” əv ist ˈʤərməni, ɪkˈskleɪmd wəns: fər ˈgɔrbəˌʧɔf, wi kʊd hæv hɛld ɔn fər əˈnəðər tˈwɛnti years.”*.” ðə kˈwɛʃən rɪˈmeɪnz ɪf ˈɛniˌwən wʊd hæv bɪn ˈeɪbəl tɪ hoʊld aʊt. ˈpɑrti ˈfəŋkʃəˌnɛriz wʊd ˈpɑsəbli hæv ˈmænɪʤd bɪˈkəz ˈmɛni əv ðɛm wər riˈmuvd frəm ðə ˈpipəl ənd wər ˈrɛlətɪvli wɛl ɔf ɪn məˈtɪriəl tərmz. bət wət əˈbaʊt ˈɛvriˌbɑdi ɛls? ðə weɪ aɪ si ɪt, ˌpɛrəˈstrɔɪkə wɑz ən ˌɪmˈpɛrətɪv əv ðə deɪ baɪ ˈvərʧu əv ˈsɛvərəl ˈfæktərz. 1 ə ˈneɪʃən ɪn dɪˈstrɛs. ðə ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk ˈɛnʤənz hæd graʊnd tɪ ə hɔlt, waɪl ˈsoʊʃəl ənd pəˈlɪtɪkəl ˌɪnstɪˈtuʃənz ðət fər ˈmɛni jɪrz hæd stʊd ɪn ðə weɪ əv ˈʤɛnjuˌaɪn dɪˈvɛləpmənt wər əˈneɪbəl tɪ riˈstɑrt ðə ˈɛnʤənz. ə frɛnd frəm ˌjunəˈvərsəti, ˈbɔrɪs vladimirov*, ə ˈfəŋkʃəˌnɛri æt wən əv ðə dɪˈpɑrtmənts əv ðə ˈkɑmjənəst ˈsɛntrəl kəˈmɪti, toʊld mi ɪn ˈfɛbruˌɛri 1982 ðət ðeɪ wər rɪˈsivɪŋ ˈmɛsɪʤɪz frəm ðə ˈprɑvənsəz nɑt ˈæŋgri, bət kwaɪt sæd. ˈpipəl wər kəmˈpleɪnɪŋ ðət ðeɪ kʊd nɑt baɪ mit, mɪlk, ər ɛgz fər jɪrz ənd ðət pəˈteɪtoʊz ənd ˈkæbɪʤ wər ðə ˈoʊnli ˈbeɪsɪk ˈfudˌstəfs əˈveɪləbəl. ðə wərst θɪŋ, ˈbɔrɪs sɛd, ɪz ðət ðoʊz pliz fər hɛlp dɪd nɑt riʧ ˈɛniˌwɛr. ɪn 2013 aɪ æst maɪ gʊd frɛnd ˈeɪbəl ˌægənˈbɛgjən, ə ˈklæsɪk əv ɑr ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk θɔt, tɪ ˈbrifli ˈaʊˌtlaɪn ðə ˌsɪʧuˈeɪʃən ðə ˈsoʊviˌɛt ˈjunjən faʊnd ˌɪtˈsɛlf ɪn ðə spərɪŋ əv 1985 hir ɪz ðə ʤɪst əv hɪz æˈnælɪsɪs: ðə ˈfɪfˈtin jɪrz əv stægˈneɪʃən, ðə læst fju sɔ ˈpræktɪkəli noʊ groʊθ əv gdp*, ˈkæpɪtəl ˌɪnˈvɛstmənt, ər ˌɪnˈdəstriəl pərˈdəkʃən. wi kɛpt ˈlɪvɪŋ ɔn ˈrɛvəˌnuz frəm ɔɪl ənd gæs ðət wi wər ɪkˈspɔrtɪŋ fər nɛkst tɪ ˈnəθɪŋ. frəm ðə ˈstændˌpɔɪnt əv ˌsaɪənˈtɪfɪk ənd ˌtɛknəˈlɑʤɪkəl ˈprɑˌgrɛs, ðə ˈkəntri wɑz ˈhoʊpləsli ˈfɑlɪŋ bɪˈhaɪnd, əˈbəv ɔl ɪn səʧ ədˈvænst ˈɪndəstriz ɛz ˌɪˌlɛkˈtrɑnɪks ənd kəmˈpjutər ˌmænjəˈfækʧərɪŋ. ɪn speɪs tɛkˈnɑləʤi, wɛr wi hæd wəns bɪn ɪn ðə lɛd, ðə əˈmɛrɪkənz hæd gɔn fɑr əˈhɛd. ðə ˈbəʤɪt ˈdɛfəsət, ʤɪst laɪk ˈəðər ˈnɛgətɪv ˌfaɪˈnænʃəl pərˈæmətərz, wɑz ə ˈsikrɪt. ˈægrɪˌkəlʧər wɑz stɔld æt ðə 1978 ˈlɛvəl. baɪ 1981 greɪn ˌɪmˈpɔrts stʊd æt hæf əv wət ðə ˈkəntri wɑz prəˈdusɪŋ. ənd jɛt ðə ˈgəvərnmənt wɑz əˈneɪbəl tɪ fid ðə ˈpipəl. ˈriˌteɪl treɪd ˈʃɔrtɪʤɪz wər ˈsɔrɪŋ. dɪˈrɛkt ˌdɪstrəˈbjuʃən əv gʊdz θru ˈkɔrpərət ˌkæfəˈtɪriə ənd dɪˌpɑrtˈmɛnəl fud ˌdɪstrəˈbjuʃən ˈaʊˌtlɛts kloʊzd tɪ aʊtˈsaɪdərz wər bɪˈkəmɪŋ ˌɪnˈkrisɪŋgli mɔr ˈkɑmən. ˈhaʊzɪŋ kənˈstrəkʃən wɑz dɪˈklaɪnɪŋ. ðə ˈævərɪʤ laɪf ɪkˈspɛktənsi dɪˈklaɪnd tɪ 66 jɪrz frəm 70 jɪrz ɪn 1964 ðə ˈkəntri wɑz æt ə dɛd ɛnd wɪθ noʊ weɪ aʊt ɪn sight.”*.” ɪn dɪˈsɛmbər 1983 wɪn aɪ wɑz əˈməŋ ðə ˈspiˌʧraɪtərz ˈwərkɪŋ ɔn ˈjʊri spiʧ fər ə ˈkɑnfərəns ɔn ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk əˈfɛrz, aɪ meɪd ðə ˈfɑloʊɪŋ noʊt: ə rɪˈzəlt əv pur əˈʤəstmənt əv plænz, tˈwɛnti tɪ ˈθərˌdi pərˈsɛnt əv ˌɪnˈdəstriəl kəˈpæsɪtiz ɪn səm ˈbrænʧɪz ər ˈaɪdəl, wən ˈbɪljən ˈrubəlz wərθ əv ɪkˈwɪpmənt əv boʊθ dəˈmɛstɪk ənd ˈfɔrən ˌmænjəˈfækʧər laɪz ˈgæðərɪŋ dəst. ə ˈtoʊtəl əv 200 ˈbɪljən ˈrubəlz ɪn kæʃ ər ɪn ˈseɪvɪŋ əˈkaʊnts, əv wɪʧ θri kˈwɔrtərz ɪz ɪn ˈsərkjəˌleɪʃən ənd əˈnəðər 60 ˈbɪljən ɪz æt ðə dɪˈspoʊzəl ɔn hænd. æt ðə seɪm taɪm, ˈriˌteɪl ˈtɑrgəts ər nɑt biɪŋ mɛt ɪn ɔl riˈpəblɪks. ðɛr ɪz noʊ dɪˈmænd fər əˈveɪləbəl gʊdz. ðə əˈmaʊnt əv kæʃ ɪn ˈsərkjəˌleɪʃən kips ˌɪnˈkrisɪŋ. ə trɪˈmɛndəs əˈmaʊnt əv ˈməni ɪz nɑt biɪŋ juzd. ˈəndərˌgraʊnd ˌmɪljəˈnɛrz ər ˈlʊkɪŋ fər ˈluˌphoʊlz ɪn ˈfɔrən treɪd ˌɔrgənəˈzeɪʃənz, ˈoʊpənɪŋ əˈnɑnəməs əˈkaʊnts ɪn ˈfɔrən bæŋks, kənˈkludɪŋ ˈkoʊvərt trænˈzækʃənz, ənd ˈteɪkɪŋ juʤ əˈmaʊnts əv ˈrubəlz aʊt əv ðə ˈkəntri tɪ ɪksˈʧeɪnʤ ðə ˈnæʃənəl ˈkərənsi æt ə ˈvɛri loʊ reɪt. ðə wərst θɪŋ ɪz ðət wi hæv ““eaten”*” ɑr fˈjuʧər! ɪn ðə pərˈdəkʃən reɪts wər dumd tɪ sləmp ɛz loʊ ɛz wən pərˈsɛnt, bɪˈkəz fər ə lɔŋ taɪm ðɛr hæd bɪn noʊ ˌɪnˈvɛstmənt ɪn ˈbeɪsɪk ˈɪndəstriz ðət ʃʊd hæv ˌgɛrənˈtid ən ˈəpˌtərn:, ˈmɛtələrʤi, ˈreɪlˌweɪz, ənd məˈʃin tul ˈɛnʤəˈnɪrɪŋ. wɛr dɪd ðə ˈməni goʊ? ðə meɪn ˈspɛndɪŋ ˈɑrtɪkəlz ər dɪˈfɛns, ˈægrɪˌkəlʧər, ˈhaʊzɪŋ kənˈstrəkʃən, ənd əˈsɪstəns tɪ ˈəðər ˈkəntriz (viˌɛtˈnɑm, mɑŋˈgoʊljə, ənd ˈkjubə). ril ˈɪnˌkəmz ər ʃˈrɪŋkɪŋ ɛz ə rɪˈzəlt əv ˈkripɪŋ ˌɪnˈfleɪʃən. wi hæv rɪˈpitɪdli spɛd əp ˈməni ˈprɪnɪŋ ˈɛvər sɪns ɛz fər ðə ˈsoʊʃəlɪst ˈkəntriz, aɪ kwoʊt ˈtɛstɪˌmoʊni baɪ ˈoʊləg bogomolov*, ðə ðɛn dɪˈrɛktər əv ðə ˈɪnstɪˌtut əv ðə wərld ˈsoʊʃəlɪst ˈsɪstəm: ɪz ðə moʊst ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt sfɪr, bət tu ˈlɪtəl əˈtɛnʃən ɪz peɪd tɪ ɪt. ɑr frɛndz [ə ˈrɛfərəns tɪ ðə ˈsoʊʃəlɪst ˈkəntriz ɪn ðoʊz jɪrz] ər ˈgɪtɪŋ əˈhɛd. wi ər pleɪɪŋ ə ˈbækwərd, rɪˈtɑrdɪŋ roʊl; mɔˈroʊvər, wi ər ˈsəbsɪˌdaɪzɪŋ ðɛm boʊθ oʊˈvərtli ənd koʊˈvərtli. ɑr ɪˈnɔrmɪs pəˈtɛnʃəl ɪz nɑt juzd tɪ mit ɑr ˈfɔrən ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk nidz. ðə ˈkɑmplɛks ɪz ɪts soʊl doʊˈmeɪn. ðə sˈloʊgən əv ðə deɪ saɪəns, ˈɪndəstri, ənd ˈfɔrən trade’*’ (ðə weɪ ist ˈɪnəˌgreɪtɪd plænts ˈɔpərˌeɪt) rɪˈmeɪnz ɔn ˈpeɪpər, ɛz ˈivɪn ðə ɪgˈzɪstɪŋ ˌrɛzəˈluʃənz ɔn ðət skɔr feɪl tɪ bi ˈɪmpləˌmɛnəd. ˈoʊnli 18 pərˈsɛnt əv mˈjuʧuəl səˈplaɪz əv ˈɪndəstri ˈprɑdəkts wɪˈθɪn ˈkɑməˌkɑn mæʧ wərld ˈmɑrkɪt rɪkˈwaɪrmənts. fər ˈkrɪtɪkəl tɛkˈnɑləʤiz ənd ˈnoʊˌhaʊ ðə ˈsoʊʃəlɪst ˈkəntriz hæv tɪ tərn tɪ ðə wɛst. ɑr ˌmænjəˈfækʧərərz hæv noʊ ˌɪnˈsɪnɪvz tɪ ˈproʊdus ˈaɪtəmz bɪˈkəz ðeɪ gɪt nən əv ðə ˈrɛvəˌnuz, waɪl ðɛr ɪmˈplɔɪiz hæv tɪ ɪkˈsɛl æt wərk tɪ ˌgɛrənˈti kˈwɑləti. manufacturers’*’ raɪts, ɪkˈspændɪd fər ə ʃɔrt waɪl ˈdʊrɪŋ əˈlɛkˌseɪ prɛˈmɪrˌʃɪp, hæv bɪn ækst again.”*.” 2 ðə ˈlaɪkliˌhʊd əv ˈrɪski pəˈlɪtɪkəl dɪˈvɛləpmənts. ɔn ðə iv əv ˌpɛrəˈstrɔɪkə sˈmoʊldərɪŋ dɪskənˈtɛnt kʊd bi sɛnst ˈɛvriˌwɛr ɪn ˈsoʊviˌɛt soʊˈsaɪɪti. ˌɔlˈðoʊ nɑt ““structured”*” ɪn ˈmɑdərn ˈpɑrləns, ðə ˈfilɪŋ ðət ˈkænɑt goʊ ɔn laɪk this”*” wɑz bɪˈkəmɪŋ ˌɪnˈkrisɪŋgli ˈprɛvələnt. juz. ˈkɑləmnəst ˈflɔrə luɪs, ən ˈɛkspərt ɔn ˈsoʊviˌɛt ˈrəʃə, roʊt æt ðət taɪm: məst ˈwəri ˈjuˈɛs ɪz nɑt ðət ðə ˈsoʊviˌɛt ˈjunjən wɪl goʊ ɔn ənd ɔn ənˈʧeɪnʤd ənd ˌɪnˈsɛnsɪtɪv tɪ ðə ˌæspərˈeɪʃənz əv ðə ruld. ɪt ɪz ðət wən deɪ ðɪs soʊˈsaɪɪti meɪ ɪkˈsploʊd wɪθ ɔl ðə ˈreɪʤɪŋ fˈjʊri əv ðə ˌrɛvəˈluʃən əˈgɛnst ˈzɑrɪst ˈtɪrəni ɪn 1917 bət wɪθ fɑr ˈgreɪtər menace.”*.” ðɛr wər ˈəðər kaɪnz əv rɪsks. ɪt ɪz nɑt ˌæksəˈdɛnəl ðət ðə ˈbrɛznɛf ˈɪrə ˈlidərˌʃɪp wɑz ˈrɛdi tɪ ˈwɛlkəm ðə ˌriəˌbɪləˈteɪʃən əv ˈstɑlən. əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ maɪ ˌɑbzərˈveɪʃənz, ðɪs ˈsɛnəmənt wɑz ðə ˈstrɔŋgəst əˈməŋ ˈpɑrti ˈfəŋkʃəˌnɛriz, fər ðeɪ fɛlt ðə ˌmænəfɛˈsteɪʃənz əv stægˈneɪʃən mɔr ðən ˈɛniˌwən ɛls. ɪn ðoʊz deɪz ˈmɛni hæd ðə prɛməˈnɪʃən ðət ˈtoʊtəl mess”*” (bardak*, ə wərd ðət wɑz ɔn maɪnd) wɪl ɛnd ˈoʊnli wɪθ ðə ˈædˌvɛnt əv əˈnəðər ˈstɑlən. nɑt ˈstɑlən ðə ˈtɛrərɪst, bət ˈstɑlən ðə zɑr, hu wʊd rɪˈstɔr ˈɔrdər wɪθ ən aɪərn hænd. ðeɪ wər rɔŋ. ˌənprɪˈdɪktəbəl ˈrəʃə brɔt tɪ ðə ˈsərfəs mɪˈkeɪl ˈgɔrbəˌʧɔf wɪθ hɪz ˈprɑməs: wɪl gɪv ju freedom.”*.” ˌpɛrəˈstrɔɪkə wɑz ˈkruʃəl ɛz ɪt prɪˈvɛnɪd boʊθ ə ˈsoʊʃəl əˈphivəl ənd ə nu ˈvərʒən əv ˈstælɪˌnɪzəm. 3 ðə roʊl əv ˌpərsəˈnælɪti. ɔl gʊd ənd bæd ˌfəndəˈmɛnəl ʃɪfts ɪn ˈrəʃə kəm frəm ðə tɔp ənd hæv lɔŋ bɪn ˈsɪklɪkəl: ʃɔrt ˈpɪriədz əv ˈfridəm, dɪˈmɑkrəsi, ənd ˈlɪˌbərəˌlɪzəm ˌwəˈtɛvər wən ˈwɪʃɪz tɪ kɔl ðɛm gɪv weɪ tɪ prəˈlɔŋd ˈpɪriədz əv non-freedom*. ˌælɪgˈzændər ˈfɑloʊd ˈnɪkələs aɪ. ˈæftər ðə zɑr ˈlɪˌbərˌeɪtər ðɛr wɑz ə lɔŋ ˈpɪriəd əv riˈækʃən əp ənˈtɪl ðə ˌrɛvəˈluʃən əv ˈfɛbruˌɛri 1917 wɪn fər ə ʃɔrt taɪm ˈrəʃə wɑz ˈbraɪtəst dɪˈmɑkrəsi ɔn earth.”*.” nɛkst keɪm ðə lɔŋ ˈstɑlɪnɪst dɪkˈteɪtərˌʃɪp, ˈfɑloʊd baɪ ðə brif ˈkrusˌʧɛv ““thaw.”*.” ðɛn əˈnəðər tˈwɛnti jɪrz əv ˈmɑdərˌeɪt əˌθɔrəˈtɛriəˌnɪzəm ənd, ˈlæstli, ˈgɔrbəˌʧɔf. ðə ˈɑrbəˌtrɛrinəs ənd ˈtræʤɪk mɪˈsteɪks əv ˈsɑvrən ˈrulərz hæv bɪn peɪd fər wɪθ bləd: ðə ˌkraɪˈmiən wɔr, wərld wɔr aɪ, ənd ðə ˌrɛvəˈluʃən fər wɪʧ ˈnɪkələs ənd ðə ˈstupɪd ənd ɪˈlit bɔr ðə brənt əv riˌspɑnsəˈbɪləti, ðə greɪt ˌpeɪtriˈɑtɪk wɔr, wɪθ ˈmɪljənz hu ˈɔlsoʊ ˈpɛrɪʃt θru fɔlt, ənd ˈfaɪnəli, æfˈgænəˌstæn. ˌpɛrəˈstrɔɪkə bɪˈkeɪm ˈpɑsəbəl ˈoʊnli wɪn ˈmeɪbi fər ðə fərst taɪm ɪn ðə ɪnˈtaɪər ˈhɪstəri əv ðə ˈsoʊviˌɛt steɪt ðə reɪnz əv paʊər wɛnt tɪ ə ˈpərsən hu pleɪst ðə ˈɪntərɪsts əv ðə ˈkəntri ənd ɪts ˈpipəl əˈbəv hɪz oʊn dɪˌtərməˈneɪʃən tɪ steɪ ɪn ˈɔfəs æt ˈɛni kɔst. ˈgɔrbəˌʧɔf wɑz ə fərm ˈædvəˌkeɪt əv ˌmɔˈræləˌti ɪn ˈpɑləˌtɪks. ˈpipəl pəˈzɛsɪŋ səʧ kˈwɑlətiz wər ˈvɛri rɛr: ðə ˈsækrəˌfaɪsɪz ðət ˈsoʊviˌɛt soʊˈsaɪɪti hæd tɪ ˈsəfər fər ðə seɪk əv ˌaɪdiəˈlɑʤɪkəl ˈvæljuz hæd lɛft ə ˈlæstɪŋ ˌɪmˈprɪnt nɑt ˈoʊnli ɔn laɪf, bət ˈɔlsoʊ ɔn ðə mɛnˈtælɪti əv ˈpipəl, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ðə ˈrulɪŋ klæs, ənd ˈgreɪtli dɪˈstɔrtɪd ðɛr moʊd əv ˈθɪŋkɪŋ, ˈmeɪkɪŋ ɪt ənd əˈgrɛsɪv. ðə ˈʧeɪnʤɪz wər ʤɪst ˈweɪtɪŋ fər ðə wən hu wʊd dɛr brɪŋ ðɛm tɪ ðə fɔr. ˌvɑlənˈtɪrz wər fju. aɪ kən neɪm ʤɪst tu səʧ ˌpərsəˈnælɪtiz ɪn ðə hoʊl ˈpɪriəd ˌbiˈfɔr ˌpɛrəˈstrɔɪkə ˈkrusˌʧɛv ənd ˈkoʊsɪgɪn. ɪt ɪz ˈnæʧərəl fər ˈpipəl tɪ rɪˈmɛmbər wət ˈhæpənd, bət tɪ ˈsɛldəm gɪv θɔt tɪ wət kʊd hæv ˈhæpənd ɪf ɪˈvɛnts hæd ˈteɪkən ə ˈdɪfərənt tərn. ɪn ðɪs ˌpɑˈtɪkjələr keɪs wət ɪf ˈgɔrbəˌʧɔf hæd ˌdɪˈsaɪdɪd əˈgɛnst səʧ ə ˈtrəbəlsəm ˈəndərˌteɪkɪŋ ɛz ˌpɛrəˈstrɔɪkə ənd hæd ˈʧoʊzən ˌɪnˈstɛd tɪ ˈgəvərn ðə ˈneɪʃən ɪn ðə weɪ hɪz ˈkrɛmlɪn ˈprɛdəˌsɛsərz hæd dən. maɪ frɛnd kvɪtˈsɪnski wɑz raɪt: ˈgɔrbəˌʧɔf wʊd hæv ˈsərtənli steɪd ɪn paʊər fər ə lɔŋ taɪm. jɛt hi ʧoʊz ə ˈdɪfərənt feɪt fər hɪmˈsɛlf. ənd, ˌɪnsɪˈdɛntəli, hi həz rɪˈmeɪnd ə ˈpərsən əv ˈvɛri ˈmɑdərˌeɪt minz wɪʧ ɪz nɑt ˈvɛri ˈkɑmən wɪθ ɑr ˈlidərz. ðə if”*” ˈfɔrmjələ ɪz ˈfʊli ˈæpləkəbəl tɪ ðə fɔrθ ˈfæktər: ˈfɔrən ˈpɑləsi. təˈwɔrdz ðə ɛnd əv rul, ðə ˈsoʊviˌɛt ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl pəˈzɪʃən wɑz priˈkɛriəs ənd ˈvəlnərəbəl. fɪˈgjʊrətɪvli ˈspikɪŋ, ɪt wɑz ə pəˈzɪʃən. ðə ˈdeɪnʤərz wər nɑt ʤɪst ˈloʊkəl. ðə rɪsk əv ə ˈnukliər ˌɑrməˈgɛdən kɛpt groʊɪŋ. ˈnoʊˌbɑˌdi ˈwɔntɪd ðət, bət noʊ wən wɑz ˈeɪbəl tɪ vaʊ ɪt wʊd nɑt ˈhæpən. baɪ 1982 ðə jɪr ˈbrɛznɛf daɪd, ðə ˈægrəgət jild əv ˈsoʊviˌɛt ənd juz. ˈnukliər ˈwɔˌrhɛdz (boʊθ ˌɪnˈstɔld ɔn ˌɑpərˈeɪʃənəl dɪˈlɪvəri ˈviɪkəlz ənd ɪn ˈstɔrɪʤ fəˈsɪlɪtiz) wɑz soʊ greɪt ðət ðɛr wɑz ən ɪkˈwɪvələnt əv fɔr tənz əv pər iʧ ˈjumən ɔn ðə gloʊb. ðət əˈloʊn meɪd ˌpɛrəˈstrɔɪkə ən ˈæbsəˌlut məst. ɪn ˈɔrdər tɪ əˈvɔɪd dɪˈzæstər, ə nu taɪp əv riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪp hæd tɪ bi nɪˈgoʊʃiˌeɪtɪd wɪθ ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts. ˌbiˈfɔr ˈgɔrbəˌʧɔf nɑt ə ˈsɪŋgəl ˌpɑləˈtɪʃən hæd dɛrd meɪk pis wɪθ ə klæs ˈɛnəmi. ðə ˈprɑbləm əv prɪˈvɛnɪŋ ə ˈnukliər wɔr hæd bɪn əˈdrɛst baɪ ˈbɪldɪŋ əp ˈwɛpənz ˈstɑkˌpaɪlz ɪn ˈɔrdər tɪ prɪˈvɛnt ə ˌsɪʧuˈeɪʃən wɛr wən ˈkəntri wʊd pəˈzɛs mɔr ˈwɛpənz ðən ðə ˈəðər. aɪ kən ænˈtɪsəˌpeɪt ðə kˈwɛʃən: ɪf ˌpɛrəˈstrɔɪkə wɑz soʊ ˈkrɪtɪkəl fər ðə ˈkəntri, waɪ ðɛn dɪd ɪt ɛnd ɪn ˈfeɪljər, lɔs əv paʊər baɪ ɪts ˈlidər, ənd ðə ˈbreɪˌkəp əv ðə ˈsoʊviˌɛt ˈjunjən? maɪ ˈænsər ɪz ðɪs: ˌpɛrəˈstrɔɪkə ənd ðə ˈsoʊviˌɛt ˈjunjən fɛl ˈvɪktɪm tɪ ə paʊər ˈstrəgəl ki kˈwɛʃən əv ˈɛni revolution”*” ɛz vˈlædəmɪr ˈlɛnɪn wəns pʊt ɪt) ənd, rɪˈspɛktɪvli, dɪˈvɪʒən əv ˈprɑpərti. baɪ 1985 θæŋks tɪ ɪts ˈpriviəs ˈlidərz, frəm ˈstɑlən tɪ ʧərˈnɛŋkoʊ, ðə ˈsoʊviˌɛt ˈjunjən hæd bɪn brɔt tɪ səʧ ə steɪt ðət ɪts ˈrɛskju wʊd hæv rikˈwaɪərd trɪˈmɛndəs ˈɛfərts baɪ ðə ɪnˈtaɪər ˈrulɪŋ klæs. bət ðə ˈkəntri wɑz splɪt əˈlɔŋ ˌkɑnfrənˈteɪʃənəl laɪnz bɪtˈwin ˈraɪvəl ˈfækʃənz, frəm ˈɔrθəˌdɑks kənˈsərvətɪvz tɪ ˈəltrə ˈrædɪkəlz. fər moʊst əv ðɛm ðə ʧif moʊˈtif wɑz ˈsərtənli nɑt prɪˈzərvɪŋ ðə ˈsoʊviˌɛt ˈjunjən, lɛt əˈloʊn rɪˈfɔrmɪŋ ɪt ˈɪntu ə dɪˈmɑkrəsi. ˈgɔrbəˌʧɔf lɔst, bət ðə ˈpɑləsi əv ˌpɛrəˈstrɔɪkə ðət hi lɔnʧt meɪd ɪt ˈpɑsəbəl tɪ əˈʧiv tu ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt θɪŋz: fərst, ˌɪmˈpruv ðə ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl ˈstændɪŋ ənd, ˈsɛkənd, ˈɪmpləmənt proʊˈfaʊnd ˌdɛməˈkrætɪk rɪˈfɔrm wɪˈθɪn ðə ˈkəntri. ˌɔlˈðoʊ ˈmɛni əv ðiz geɪnz wər ˈleɪtər əˈprutɪd laɪk wət hæd ˈhæpənd ɔn ˈmɛni ɔˈkeɪʒənz ˌbiˈfɔr. bət ʤɪst ɛz ɪn ðə ˈpriviəs ˈbraɪtər jɪrz əv ˈrəʃən ˈhɪstəri, səm geɪnz bɪˈkeɪm ˈdipli ˌɪnˈgreɪnd ɪn pəˈlɪtɪkəl ˈkəlʧər. ɪt ɪz frəm ðiz ˈstrɔŋˌhoʊldz ðət ðə weɪ wɪl bi peɪvd təˈwɔrdz ə ˈrəʃə əv ˈɑnəst ˈpipəl ðət ˌdɔˈstoʊvski hæd drimd əv ɪn hɪz deɪ. hɪˈstɔrɪkəl ɪkˈspɪriəns ˈɪndɪˌkeɪts ðɪs ɪz ˌɪˈnɛvətəbəl. ɪt ˈoʊnli rɪˈmeɪnz tɪ bi sin wɪn ðɪs wɪl ˈhæpən. ˈfɔrən ˈpɑləsi əˈʧivmənts ˈbɔrɪs ˈjɛltsən wɑz ˈfɔrʧənət tɪ ˌɪnˈhɛrət ˈfɔrən ˈpɑləsi ˈlɛgəsi. ðət ˈpɑləsi wɑz ɪn stɑrk ˈkɑntræst tɪ ðə wən pərˈsud frəm ˈstɑlən tɪ ˈbrɛznɛf. ɪt wɑz ˈfaɪnəli əˈʤəstɪd tɪ ðə ˈsoʊviˌɛt ril nidz. ɪn ˈpræktɪkəl tərmz ðɪs minz ðət ðə ˈgɔrbəˌʧɔf tim: pʊt ən ɛnd tɪ ðə ““who-will-bury-whom”*” ˌaɪdiəˈlɑʤɪkəl ˌkɑnfrənˈteɪʃən bɪtˈwin ðə ist ənd ðə wɛst ənd riˈmuvd ðə ˈɛnəmi ˈɪmɪʤ frəm ðə ˈpəblɪk maɪnd ənd ˈpɑləˌtɪks; ˈɛndɪd ðə koʊld wɔr wɪθ ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts ənd ɪts ˈælaɪz; ˈhɔltɪd ðə ɑrmz reɪs ðət wɑz ˈruɪnɪŋ ðə ˈkəntri, ənd əˈgrid wɪθ ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts ɔn ðə ˈfɪzɪkəl ɪˌlɪməˈneɪʃən əv ən ɪnˈtaɪər klæs əv ˈwɛpənz ənd ˈʃɔrtər reɪnʤ ˈmɪsəlz ðət poʊzd ə dɪˈrɛkt θrɛt tɪ ðə ˈsoʊviˌɛt sɪˈkjʊrəti; duɪŋ ðɪs ˈgreɪtli izd ðə θrɛt əv ə ˈnukliər wɔr, ˌɔlˈðoʊ ɪt dɪd nɑt ɪˈlɪməˌneɪt ɪt ˌɔltəˈgɛðər bɪˈkəz ˈnukliər ˈwɛpənz ˈstɑkˌpaɪlz ər stɪl ənˈrizənəbli lɑrʤ; hæd ðə kərɪʤ tɪ ɛnd ðə wɔr ɪn æfˈgænəˌstæn, pʊl aʊt ˈsoʊviˌɛt trups, ənd liv ə ˈgəvərnmənt ˈfrɛndli tɪ ðə ˈsoʊviˌɛt ˈjunjən (ɪt wʊd fɔl ˈoʊnli ˈæftər ˈjɛltsən stɑpt səˈpɔrtɪŋ ɪt); kənˈtrɪbjutɪd tɪ ðə ˈsɛtəlmənt əv ə ˈnəmbər əv ˈriʤənəl ˈkɑnflɪkts, fər ˈɪnstəns ɪn æŋˈgoʊlə, ˌkæmˈboʊdiə, ənd ˌnɪkərˈɑgwə; rɪˈstɔrd tɪ ˈnɔrməl wəns ˈhɑstəl riˈleɪʃənz wɪθ ˈʧaɪnə (ðɪs pɔɪnt ɪz əˈspɛʃəli ˈɔfən fərˈgɑtən) ənd wɑz ðə fərst tɪ dɪˈvɛləp ðə əˈwɛrnəs ðət ðə ˈsɛnərz əv paʊər wər ˈdrɪftɪŋ təˈwɔrdz ðə ˈriʤən; nɑt ˈoʊnli rɪˈstɔrd ˌdɪpləˈmætɪk riˈleɪʃənz wɪθ ˈɪzriəl, bət ˈɔlsoʊ ɪˈstæblɪʃt kˌwɔpərˈeɪʃən wɪθ ɪt; ˈæftər tu ˈblədi wɔrz ˈɪnfluənst ðə ˈprɔˌsɛs əv ˌjunəfəˈkeɪʃən ɪn ə weɪ ðət ˈɛndɪd wɪθ ðə hɪˈstɔrɪkəl ˌrɛkənˌsɪliˈeɪʃən əv ˈʤərməni (rɪˈmɑrkəbli ɪˈnəf, ɪt ˈmænɪʤd tɪ əˈvɔɪd ðə sæd ɪkˈspɪriəns əv wərld wɔr aɪ, wɪn ðə ˈtriti əv vɛrˈseɪlz ˌɪˈmiˌdiətli soʊd ðə sidz əv əˈnəðər ˈkɑnflɪkt); rɪˈfreɪnd frəm əˈtɛmpts tɪ juz fɔrs tɪ kip ˈistərn ˌjʊrəˈpiən ˈkəntriz ɪn ðə ˈɔrbət əv ðə ˈbæŋkrəpt ˈsoʊviˌɛt rəˈʒim; ðə ˈfɔrmər ˈsoʊʃəlɪst blɑk sɔ noʊ ˈəˌpraɪzɪŋz ðət maɪt hæv pleɪst ə ˈdɪfəkəlt ʧɔɪs ˌbiˈfɔr ˈjuˈɛs (roʊˈmeɪniə wɑz ðə soʊl ɪkˈsɛpʃən, bət ˈivɪn ðɛr ðə fˈjuʧər əv ðə ˈkəntri wɑz ʃeɪpt baɪ ɪts oʊn ˈpipəl, wɪˈθaʊt ˈaʊtˈsaɪd ɑrmd ˌɪntərˈvɛnʃən); meɪd ə dɪˈsaɪsɪv ˌkɑntrəˈbjuʃən tɪ ˈtərnɪŋ ˈjʊrəp frəm ə pəˈtɛnʃəl ˈbætəlˌfild əv əˈnəðər wɔr ˈɪntu ə zoʊn əv kˌwɔpərˈeɪʃən ənd ˈbumɪŋ ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl ɪksˈʧeɪnʤɪz; tərnd ðə ˈkəntri təˈwɔrdz ə ˈjʊrəp ˈʃɛrɪŋ ˈkɑmən ˈvæljuz; brɔt tɪ ðə ˈfɔrˌfrənt ɪn boʊθ dəˈmɛstɪk ənd ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl tərmz ðə raɪts ənd ˈfridəmz əv ˈpipəl, ˈðɛrˈbaɪ ˈgreɪtli kənˈtrɪbjutɪŋ tɪ ðə groʊθ əv ðə ˈsoʊviˌɛt prɛˈstiʒ, wɪʧ baɪ mɑrʧ 1985 hæd ʃrəŋk tɪ ˈziroʊ; sɛt ðə kɔrs təˈwɔrdz ˌɪnəˈgreɪʃən wɪθ ðə ˈgloʊbəl ɪˈkɑnəmi; ˈoʊpənd ðə ˈsoʊviˌɛt ˈjunjən tɪ ðə rɛst əv ðə wərld ənd ðə wərld tɪ ðə ˈsoʊviˌɛt ˈpipəl fər ðə fərst taɪm ɪn ˈmɛni ˈdɛkeɪdz; izd ənd ɪn ˈmɛni ˈkeɪsɪz ˈlɪftɪd ðə ˌfaɪˈnænʃəl ˈbərdən ˈɛstəˌmeɪtɪd æt ˈbɪljənz əv ˈrubəlz ðət hæd bɪn spɛnt ɔn səˈpɔrt fər ˈʤɛnjuˌaɪn ənd ɑˈstɛnsəbəl ˈmuvmənts ənd ɔn baɪɪŋ ðə ˈlɔɪəlti əv dɪˈvoʊtɪd ənd nɑt kwaɪt dɪˈvoʊtɪd frɛndz; ˈstɑrtɪd ˈpʊtɪŋ ɪn ˈɔrdər ðə ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri sfɪr: ðə ɑrmd ˈfɔrsɪz ənd ðə ˈkɑmplɛks wər strɪpt əv ðə dɪˈsaɪsɪv seɪ ɪn ˈfɔrən ənd dɪˈfɛns ˈpɑləsiz. aɪ kən seɪ wɪθ ˈsərtənti ðət iʧ əv ðə əˈfɔrˌsɛd muvz ɪz ˈkɑnsənənt wɪθ ˈnæʃənəl ˈɪntərɪsts. ɪt ɪz nɑt ən ɪgˌzæʤərˈeɪʃən tɪ seɪ ðət ɪn lɛs ðən ˈsɛvən jɪrz ðə wərld ʧeɪnʤd bɪɔnd ˌrɛkɪgˈnɪʃən. ˈfɔrən ˈpɑləsi dɪˈtərmənd ðə kɔrs əv ˈgloʊbəl əˈfɛrz ɪn ˈmɛni ki ˈæˌspɛkts. æt ðə wɪl əv ðə ˈpriviəs ˈrulərz ðə ˈkəntri kənˈtɪnjud tɪ lɪv ðə laɪf əv ə bɪˈsiʤd ˈfɔrtrəs, wɪʧ ɪkˈskjuzd ˈkruəlti ənd riˈprɛʃən ˌɪnˈsaɪd. ˌpɛrəˈstrɔɪkə lɛft ˈrəʃə ɪn ən ənˈprɛsəˌdɛntɪdli ˈfeɪvərəbəl ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl ɪnˈvaɪrənmənt. ɪn fækt, ɪt hæd noʊ ˈfɔrən ˈɛnəmiz ðət maɪt poʊz ə kaɪnd əv θrɛt ðət ɪn ðə pæst rikˈwaɪərd ən ˈɔˈlaʊt ˈɛfərt tɪ wɔrd ɔf. (hir aɪ du nɑt spik əv haʊ ˈlɛgəsi wɑz ˈmænɪʤd ˈæftərwərdz.) hu lɔst ˈistərn ˈjʊrəp? jɛt ˈgɔrbəˌʧɔf kənˈtɪnjuz tɪ bi rɪˈbjukt ˈmeɪkɪŋ ˌæbsəˈlutli ənˈprɛsɪˌdɛntɪd kənˈsɛʃənz tɪ ðə wɛst ənd fər ˈhɑrmɪŋ ðə positions.”*.” moʊst ˈkrɪtɪks feɪl tɪ ˈspɛsəˌfaɪ, ˌhaʊˈɛvər, wət sɔrt əv kənˈsɛʃənz ənd wət pəˈzɪʃənz ðeɪ hæv ɪn maɪnd. ðə mɔr ˈsɪriəsli ˈmaɪndɪd ˈjuʒəwəli seɪ ðət ˈəndər ˈgɔrbəˌʧɔf wi lɔst ðə ˌʤioʊpəˈlɪtɪkəl ˈbætəl ənd ˈsidɪd pəˈzɪʃənz ɪn ˈistərn ˈjʊrəp geɪnd θru ə vɪkˈtɔriəs wɔr. ðɪs kaɪnd əv rɪˈplaɪ rɛsts əˈpɑn ˈfɔrməl ˈlɑʤɪk: ““under”*” dɪz nɑt min to.”*.” ə prəˈlɔŋd ˈstrəgəl ˈkænɑt bi lɔst ˈoʊvərˈnaɪt. ˈɛmpaɪərz du nɑt fɔl ɪn ðə blɪŋk əv ən aɪ. ðə ki kˈwɛʃən ɪz: wər ðə ˈmɛθədz ðət meɪnˈteɪnd ðə hoʊl ˈpoʊstˈwɔr ˈɔrdər raɪt ənd ˈprɑpər? ˈivɪn ɪf ðə əˈvɛnʧuəl ˈaʊtˌkəm ɪz tɪ bi ˌɪnˈtərprətəd ɛz ɑr lɔs, ðə bɪl dɪˈlɪvərd tɪ ðə ˈsoʊviˌɛt ˈjunjən ðət wɑz fərst əˈsoʊʃiˌeɪtəd wɪθ ˈdɛspəˌtɪzəm ənd ðɛn wɪθ stægˈneɪʃən ənd ɑrmd ɛnˈfɔrsmənt əv ˈsoʊʃəˌlɪzəm hæd bɪn groʊɪŋ ˈoʊvər taɪm. ðɛn keɪm ðə taɪm tɪ kæʃ ðə ʧɛk. ɑr dɪˈpɑrʧər frəm ˈistərn ˈjʊrəp wɑz fɔrst, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ frəm ðə ˈʤərmən ˌdɛməˈkrætɪk riˈpəblɪk. ðə ˈrizən ɪz ˈsɪmpəl: ˈvɛri fju ˈpipəl ɪn ˈistərn ˈjʊrəp ˈwɔntɪd ˈjuˈɛs tɪ steɪ. ɪn ˈrɛtrəˌspɛkt ɪt ɪz klɪr ðət ðə ˈtæktɪk əv ˈkipɪŋ ˈistərn ˌjʊrəˈpiən ˈkəntriz ˈəndər ðə ˈsoʊviˌɛt kəˈmænd wɑz ə ʃʊr weɪ ˈɪntu ə træp. ˈæftər ðə ɛnd əv wərld wɔr, ˈstɑlən ɔn ˌtɛrɪˈtɔriəl geɪnz ənd kənˈvərtɪŋ ðɛm ˈɪntu ˈsoʊʃəl ˈbɛnəfɪts: ðə ˈsoʊviˌɛt ˈsoʊlʤər ˈriʧɪz, ðɛr ɪz ˈsoʊʃəˌlɪzəm; wɛr ðə əˈmɛrɪkən əˈpɪrz, ðɛr ɪz ˈkæpɪtəˌlɪzəm ɛz before.”*.” ˈfɔrən ˈmɪnɪstər vˈjɑʧəslɑv ˈmɔləˌtɑf rɪˈgɑrdɪd ðə ˈsoʊviˌɛt ˌtɛrɪˈtɔriəl ˌækwəˈzɪʃənz ɛz hɪz ˈgreɪtəst əˈʧivmənt ðə rɪˈkəvəri əv ðə ˈlɔsɪz ðə ˈrəʃən ˈɛmpaɪər hæd səˈsteɪnd ˈdʊrɪŋ wərld wɔr aɪ ənd ɪn ðə ˈərli jɪrz əv ˈboʊlʃəˌvɪk rul. ˈfɔrən ˈmɪnɪstər ˈænˌdreɪ groʊˈmikoʊ tʊk ðə ˈgreɪtəst praɪd ɪn pərˈpɛʧəˌweɪtɪŋ ðə ˈpoʊstˈwɔr ˈbɔrdərz ɪn ˈjʊrəp, ðə weɪ ðeɪ wər drɔn ɛz ə rɪˈzəlt əv ˈpɑləsiz. səʧ ˈrizənɪŋ lʊkt kwaɪt fɛr ɪn ðə laɪt əv ðə ɪkˈspɪriəns əv ɔl ˈpriviəs wɔrz. bət ɪn ðə ˈnukliər eɪʤ ˈsoʊviˌɛt sɪˈkjʊrəti wɑz fɑr lɛs dɪˈpɛndənt ɔn ə ˈbəfər zoʊn nɪr ɪts ˈbɔrdərz. ðə ˈdɑgmə rɪˈmeɪnd ɪn fɔrs fər fɔr ˈdɛkeɪdz. ɪn ˈʃeɪpɪŋ ɑr dɪˈfɛns ˈpɑləsiz, wi praɪˈmɛrəli bɔr ɪn maɪnd ˈnukliər ˈwɔrˌfɛr ənd əˈfɛnsɪv ˌɑpərˈeɪʃənz ɪn ˈjʊrəp. wi spɛnt ə kˈwɔrtər əv ɑr groʊs dəˈmɛstɪk ˈprɑdəkt fər ðɪs ˈpərpəs (əˈnəðər kˈwɔrtər wɑz juzd tɪ ˈsəbsɪˌdaɪz ˈpraɪsɪz). ɪn ðə ˈminˌtaɪm, ðə ˌɪmpləmɛnˈteɪʃən əv ˈiðər sɪˈnɛrioʊ lʊkt ˌɪnˈkrisɪŋgli mɔr ˈdaʊtfəl. mɔˈroʊvər, wi əˈsumd ə kəˈlɑsəl ˌɪmˈpɪriəl ˈmɪʃən ɛz ɪf ðə ˈəðər ˈbərdənz wər nɑt ˈhɛvi ɪˈnəf. wi meɪd juʤ ˌɪnˈvɛstmənt ɪn ðə ˈkɑŋkərd ˈkəntriz ɪn ðə fɔrm əv fri eɪd, səˈplaɪz əv rɑ məˈtɪriəlz æt juʤ ˈdɪˌskaʊnts, ənd ˈspɛndɪŋ ɔn ˌɪnfrəˈstrəkʧərz tɪ əˈkɑməˌdeɪt ˈhənərdz əv ˈθaʊzənz əv trups. bət fju ʧɛks ər poʊlz wər ˈgreɪtfəl tɪ ˈjuˈɛs. dɪskənˈtɛnt ˈoʊvər ðə ɪgˈzɪstɪŋ weɪ əv laɪf, ˈlɑrʤli rɪˈgɑrdɪd ɛz ə dərˈɪvɪtɪv əv ˈsoʊviˌɛt ˈdɑmənəns, wɑz ˌjunəˈvərsəl ənd ɪt ˌɪˈrəptɪd ˈmɛni taɪmz ɪn drəˈmætɪk weɪz. ““anti-socialist”*” ˌdɛmənˈstreɪʃənz ɪn bərˈlɪn 1953 ˈhəŋgəri 1956 ənd ˌʧɛkəsloʊˈvɑkiə 1968 wər səˈprɛst baɪ fɔrs. ɪt ɪz nɑt ˌæksəˈdɛnəl ðət ðə ist ˈʤərmənz wər ðə fərst tɪ rɪˈvoʊlt əˈgɛnst ə ˈkrækˌdaʊn ɔn smɔl ˈpraɪvət ˈbɪznɪsɪz, kəˌlɛktɪvɪˈzeɪʃən, ənd dɪˈvɛləpmənt əv ˈhɛvi ˈɪndəstriz. æd tɪ ðɪs ðə ˈsɪstəm ənd ækˈsɛlərˌeɪtɪd kriˈeɪʃən əv ðə ɑrmd ˈfɔrsɪz, wɪʧ dɪˈvaʊərd ə ˌdɪsprəˈpɔrʃənətli lɑrʤ ʃɛr əv ðə steɪt ˈbəʤɪt. ðɛr wər traɪəlz ənd ˌɛksəˈkjuʃənz, ənd ðə əˈvɛnʧuəl ˈimərʤəns əv ðə bərˈlɪn wɔl ɪn 1961 jɛt ðə ˌkɑntrəˈdɪkʃənz rɪˈmeɪnd ənd wər baʊnd tɪ ɪkˈsploʊd ˈsunər ər ˈleɪtər. aɪ ˈriˌkɔl ə ˈkɔstɪk rɪˈmɑrk ˈpɑpjələr ɪn ðoʊz deɪz: ˈivɪn ðə ˈʤərmənz ər əˈneɪbəl tɪ meɪk ðə ˈsoʊviˌɛt ˈsɪstəm wərk. ɪn ˈpoʊlənd ɪn 1981 ˈʤɛnərəl ˈwɔɪʧɛk ˌʤɛrəˈzɛlski ˈmænɪʤd tɪ əˈvɔɪd ˈsoʊviˌɛt ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri ˌɪntərˈvɛnʃən, bət ðə ˈpɑlɪʃ juˈnaɪtɪd workers’*’ ˈpɑrti rɪˈmeɪnd ɪn ə ˈvɛri priˈkɛriəs pəˈzɪʃən. ɪn fækt, ɪt wɑz ˈaʊstɪd frəm paʊər ɪn ðə fərst fri ɪˈlɛkʃənz. ˌɪnsɪˈdɛntəli, ɪn ðɛr oʊn prəˈtɛktərət əv ˈwɛstərn ˈjʊrəp, ðə əˈmɛrɪkənz ˈgəvərnd laɪf ɪn ə weɪ ðət ˈnɛvər rikˈwaɪərd tɪ juz fɔrs. baɪ ðə taɪm ˈgɔrbəˌʧɔf roʊz tɪ paʊər, dɪˈmænd fər ʧeɪnʤ, lɔŋ ˈdrɪvən dip ˌɪnˈsaɪd ɔl ˈwɔrˌsɔ pækt ˈkəntriz, hæd kəm kloʊz tɪ ðə ˈbɔɪlɪŋ pɔɪnt. ˈsɛnsɪŋ bləd, ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts ənd səm əv ɪts ˈælaɪz stɛpt əp ðɛr ˌɪnˈsaɪtɪŋ ənd ˌprɑpəˈgændə ækˈtɪvɪtiz. ðə ˈsoʊviˌɛt ˈkɑmjənəst ˈrulɪŋ ˈpɑlətˌbjʊroʊ ˈəndər ˈgɔrbəˌʧɔf baɪ noʊ minz drɑpt ðə ˌɪnˈtɛnʧən tɪ prɪˈzərv ðə ˈsoʊʃəlɪst blɑk. ɪt kɛpt ˈmeɪkɪŋ dɪˈsɪʒənz ɪn ˈfeɪvər əv ˈʤɛnərəs eɪd tɪ ðə ˈwɔrˌsɔ pækt ˈkəntriz. ɪn ˈeɪprəl 1985 ðə ˈwɔrˌsɔ pækt wɑz ɪkˈstɛndɪd fər əˈnəðər tˈwɛnti jɪrz (ɪt wʊd bi dɪsˈbændɪd ɪn sɪks jɪrz ˈleɪtər). ˈæktɪv ˈmɛʒərz wər ˈteɪkən ɪn ˈɔrdər tɪ ˌɪnˈvɑlv ˈistərn ˌjʊrəˈpiən ˈkəntriz ɪn ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk kˌwɔpərˈeɪʃən. nɑt ɔl əv ðɛm wər ˌənsəkˈsɛsfəl; fər ˈɪnstəns, ðə ʤɔɪnt ˈprɑʤɛkt tɪ leɪ ðə trəŋk ˈpaɪˌplaɪn frəm ðə gæs fildz tɪ ðə ˈsoʊviˌɛt ˈwɛstərn ˈbɔrdər. rɪˈgrɛtəbli, ðɛr wər mɔr ˈfeɪljərz ðən ˈvɪktəriz ɔn ðə ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk frənt. æt ðə ɛnd əv ðə deɪ, wi ˈivɪn rɪˈmeɪnd ɪn dɛt tɪ ɑr ˈfɔrmər ˈælaɪz. ðə ˈgreɪtəst hoʊp wɑz ðət ˈistərn ˌjʊrəˈpiən ˈkæpɪtəlz wʊd si ðə ˈædˌvɛnt əv ðɛr oʊn rɪˈfɔrm ˈʧæmpiənz ðɛr oʊn ˈgɔrbəˌʧɔfs, ˈlidərz ˈkeɪpəbəl əv ˈgɪvɪŋ ə ˈpaʊərfəl bust tɪ wɪθ ə ˈjumən face”*” ɛz sun ɛz ðeɪ wər fri frəm ðə joʊk. bət əˈfɪʃəldəm ɪn moʊst əv ðoʊz ˈkəntriz wɑz ɪkˈstrimli brezhnevist*, waɪl ə məˈʤɔrəti əv ðə ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃən noʊ ˈlɔŋgər ˈwɔntɪd socialism”*” ər ˈɛni ˈsoʊʃəˌlɪzəm æt ɔl, lɛt əˈloʊn ə ˈsɪstəm pɛgd tɪ ðə ˈsoʊviˌɛt ˈmɑdəl ˌɪmˈpoʊzd ɔn ðɛm. ðə ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk ˌsɪʧuˈeɪʃən wɑz daɪər, wɪθ loʊ ˈstændərdz əv ˈlɪvɪŋ, ˌɪnˈkɑmpətənt bjʊˈrɑkrəsi, ənd pəˈlɪtɪkəl riˈprɛʃən. ðət ɪz wɪn ðə ˈlɔŋˈtərm ˈifɛkts əv ðə ˈtæktɪks ˈsərfɪst, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ əˈtɛmpts tɪ kwɔʃ baɪ fɔrs ðə dɪˈzaɪər baɪ ðə ʧɛks ənd sˈloʊvɑks fər ˌdɛməˈkrætɪk rɪˈfɔrm. ˈsædli, ɪt wɑz ɛz leɪt ɛz noʊˈvɛmbər 1989 ðət ðə faɪv steɪts riˈspɑnsəbəl fər səˈprɛsɪŋ ðə prɑg spərɪŋ ˈəˌpraɪzɪŋ ˈɪʃud ə kəˈlɛktɪv ˈsteɪtmənt tɪ kənˈdɛm ðə ˌɪnˈtruʒən ənd tɪ rɪˈnaʊns ðə ˈbrɛznɛf ˈdɔktərɪn. əˈdɪʃəˌnəli, ðə ˈsoʊviˌɛt ˈjunjən ˈɪʃud ɪts oʊn ˌdɛklərˈeɪʃən tɪ ɪkˈsprɛs rɪˈgrɛt ˈoʊvər ðə ɛˈroʊniəs dɪˈsɪʒən meɪd ɪn ðə ˈsəmər əv 1968 aɪ ˈsəˌspɛkt wi wər ˈlɑrʤli ˌənəˈwɛr əv haʊ ˈsɪriəs ðə ˌsɪʧuˈeɪʃən ɪn ðə ˈsoʊʃəlɪst ˈkəntriz wɑz ɪn ðoʊz deɪz. ɪn ðə ˈɔtəm əv 1987 ˈspikɪŋ æt ðə ˈfɔrən bɔrd ˈmitɪŋ ˈæftər hɪz rɪˈtərn frəm ˈpoʊlənd, ˈɛdwərd ˌʃɛvərdˈnɑdzi sɛd: meɪn ˈprɑbləmz hæv bɪn ˈoʊvərˌkəm, ənd ɪf ðə ˈpɑlɪʃ ˈkɑmˌrædz pərˈsid ɪn ðə seɪm ˈfæʃən, ˈpoʊlənd wɪl bi ə rɪˈlaɪəbəl link.”*.” wi hæd pur ˈnɑlɪʤ əv ðə ril ˌsɪʧuˈeɪʃən ˈɔlsoʊ bɪˈkəz ɑr ˈwɔrˌsɔ pækt ˈælaɪz prɪˈfərd nɑt tɪ bɑmˈbɑrd ˈmɔˌskaʊ wɪθ bæd nuz ɪf, əv kɔrs, ðə ˈlidərˌʃɪp ˌɪtˈsɛlf wɑz ˈfʊli ˌɪnˈfɔrmd. əˈnəðər ˈrizən wɑz ðət ˈsoʊviˌɛt ˈɛmbəsiz wər ˈjuʒəwəli lɛd nɑt baɪ kərɪr ˈdɪpləˌmæts, bət baɪ ˈkɑmjənəst ˈpɑrti ˈfəŋkʃəˌnɛriz hu ˈrɛrli pərˈzɛnəd ən əˈbʤɛktɪv ˈpɪkʧər. ðə ˈkrɛmlɪn ɪkˈspɛktɪd ðət ðeɪ wʊd ˈprɛzənt ðə ˌsɪʧuˈeɪʃən ðə weɪ ðə ˌaɪdiˈɑləʤi rikˈwaɪərd ɪt, ənd nɑt ðə ril steɪt əv əˈfɛrz. wi ˌəndərˈstʊd ðət ˈkipɪŋ ðoʊz ˈkəntriz ɪn ɑr ˈɔrbət wɑz ˈpɑsəbəl ˈoʊnli θru ðə juz əv fɔrs wəns ðə nu əˈθɔrətiz ɪn ˈistərn ˈjʊrəp ˌənikˈwɪvəkəli ˈpɔɪntɪd tɪ ə dɔr. ˈvɑˌklɑv ˈhævəl, ɪˈlɛktɪd ˈprɛzɪdənt ˈæftər ðə ˈvɛlvət ˌrɛvəˈluʃən, sɛd ɪn noʊ ənˈsərtən tərmz ðət ˈsoʊviˌɛt trups məst liv ˌʧɛkəsloʊˈvɑkiə baɪ ðə ɛnd əv 1990 rɪˈfɔrmərz ɪn ˈhəŋgəri dɪˈmændɪd ðə seɪm, waɪl ˈoʊpənɪŋ ðə ˈbɔrdər wɪθ ˈɔstriə tɪ ist ˈʤərmənz ənd, ɛz ɪt ˈleɪtər tərnd aʊt, ˈgɪtɪŋ ˌfaɪˈnænʃəl rɪˈwɔrdz frəm ðə wɛst ˈʤərmənz ɪn ɪksˈʧeɪnʤ. ɪn bəlˈgɛriə, ˈʒɪvkɑv lɛft ˈɔfəs ˈæftər 35 jɪrz ɪn paʊər. ˌsɑləˈdɛrəti wɑz ðə ˈoʊnli pəˈlɪtɪkəl fɔrs ɪn ˈistərn ˈjʊrəp ðət ɪn noʊ weɪ dɪˈmændɪd ə ˈsoʊviˌɛt ˈpʊˌlaʊt fər səm taɪm. ðə nu ˈpɑlɪʃ ˈlidərz ˈivɪn æst ðə ˈkrɛmlɪn tɪ kip trups ɪn ˈpoʊlənd ənˈtɪl ˈæˌlaɪd ˈʤərməni ˌriəˈfərmd ɪts kəˈmɪtmənt tɪ ðə ˈbɔrdərz, wɪʧ ˈpoʊlənd oʊd ɪnˈtaɪərli tɪ ðə ˈsoʊviˌɛt ˈjunjən ənd tɪ wɪʧ ɪt hæd noʊ əˈbʤɛkʃənz æt ɔl. ɛz ðə ˈsoʊviˌɛt blɑk ˈstɑrtɪd ˈfɑlɪŋ əˈpɑrt ɪt tʊk greɪt kərɪʤ tɪ rɪˈmeɪn kəˈmɪtɪd tɪ ðə proʊˈkleɪmd ˈprɪnsəpəl ðət ˈpipəl hæv ðə raɪt tɪ ˌdɪˈsaɪd ðɛr oʊn fˈjuʧər. ˈfɔrʧənətli, ˈvɛri fju əv ðoʊz riˈspɑnsəbəl fər ˈmeɪkɪŋ dɪˈsɪʒənz ˈkɑntəmˌpleɪtɪd ˈækʃən frəm ə pəˈzɪʃən əv strɛŋθ. ðə ˈgɔrbəˌʧɔf tim, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ dɪˈfɛns ˈmɪnɪstər ˈjɑˌzɔv ənd ˌkeɪˌʤiˈbi ʧif vˈlædəmɪr kryuchkov*, ˈfərmli əˈpoʊzd ðə juz əv fɔrs. ə ˈpɑlətˌbjʊroʊ ˈspɛʃəl ˌrɛzəˈluʃən ˈsteɪtɪd ðə seɪm. ɔl ˈænəlɪsts əˈgrid ðət ˈɛni əˈtɛmpt æt ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri səˈprɛʃən wʊd fərst spɛl dɪˈzæstrəs ˈifɛkts fər ɑr ˈkəntri. ɪt wʊd fjuəl ðə ˈsɔrɪŋ ˈheɪtrəd əv ðə ˈistərn ˌjʊrəˈpiənz, kriˈeɪt ˌjunəˈvərsəl ɪˈstreɪnʤmənt ɪn riˈleɪʃənz wɪθ ðə wɛst, ənd ˈfərðər hərt ðə ɪˈkɑnəmi. wi wʊd hæv bɪn lɛft ɔl əˈloʊn wɪθ ɑr ˈprɑbləmz. aɪ wʊd æd ðət ˈgɔrbəˌʧɔf hæd ə ˈprɛsɪdənt tɪ rɪˈlaɪ ɔn ðə ˈsoʊviˌɛt ˈərliər dɪˈsɪʒən nɑt tɪ socialism”*” baɪ fɔrs. aɪ min ˈpoʊlənd ɪn 1981 ðə ˈbrɛznɛf ˈdɔktərɪn wɑz ˈbɛrid ˈdʊrɪŋ ɪts ˈlaɪfˌtaɪm. ˈgɔrbəˌʧɔf ʤɪst wɛnt əˈhɛd wɪθ ðɪs ˈpɑləsi. ɛz sun ɛz ðə ˈpipəl ˈriəˌlaɪzd ðeɪ wər fri tɪ teɪk tɪ ðə strits wɪˈθaʊt ðə rɪsk əv biɪŋ ʃɑt, ðeɪ dɪd soʊ. ˈistərn ˌjʊrəˈpiənz wər ˈigər tɪ gɪt aʊt əv ðə ˈbɛrɪʃ ˌɪmˈpɪriəl ɪmˈbreɪs ənd əˈweɪ frəm ˈsoʊʃəˌlɪzəm meɪd ɪn ðə ussr*. ˌʤioʊˈpɑlətɪks mərʤd wɪθ ˌaɪdiˈɑləʤi. teɪk ðə (ist ˈʤərməni). ɪts ˈsɪtɪzənz wər fliɪŋ ðə ˈkəntri baɪ ðə ˈθaʊzənd bɪˈkəz ðɛr wɑz wən mɔr ˈpaʊərfəl ˌɪnˈsɛnɪv ˈʤərmən ˈjunɪti. siɪŋ ən ˈɛmpaɪər fɔl əˈpɑrt ənd ˈriəˌlaɪzɪŋ ðət ˈoʊnli ˈvaɪələns maɪt stɑp ðə ˈprɔˌsɛs fər ə taɪm jɛt ðə juz əv fɔrs ɪz ˌɪmˈpɑsəbəl wɑz ə drəˈmætɪk ɪkˈspɪriəns ðət aɪ wʊd nɑt wɪʃ ˈɛniˌwən tɪ hæv. ɪn ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk tərmz wi kʊd noʊ ˈlɔŋgər əˈfɔrd tɪ kənˈtɪnju səˈpɔrtɪŋ ɑr ˈælaɪz. ˈkɑməˌkɑn hæd lɔŋ tərnd ˈɪntu ə ˈfænəm. ðə nu ˈrulərz ðət ˌriˈpleɪst ðə ˈkɑmjənəsts ɪn ðə ˈkɑməˌkɑn dɪˈmændɪd ɪts ɪˌlɪməˈneɪʃən. ðə ˈistərn ˌjʊrəˈpiənz dɪˈspleɪd ə ˈsɪmələr ““initiative”*” rɪˈgɑrdɪŋ ðə ˈwɔrˌsɔ ˈtriti ˌɔrgənəˈzeɪʃən. mɔˈroʊvər, ɔɪl ˈpraɪsɪz hæd sləmpt 60 pərˈsɛnt: ðə hænd əv ðə juz. ənd ˈsɔdi əˈreɪbiə ˈsikɪŋ ˈvɛnʤəns fər æfˈgænəˌstæn wɑz ˈʃʊrli æt wərk hir. ɪt ɪz ə hɑrd fækt ðət ɪn ðoʊz mənθs wɪn ɪˈvɛnts ˈoʊvərˌlæpt wən baɪ wən ənd ðə rɪsk əv ˈmeɪkɪŋ ə mɪˈsteɪk wɑz haɪ, ðə ˈlidər əv ðə ˌpɛrəˈstrɔɪkə meɪd nɑt ə ˈsɪŋgəl ˌɪˈrɛpərəbəl ˈɛrər. ðə ˈpɑpjələr ˈmæsɪz wər ˈaʊtˌpeɪsɪŋ ˌpɑləˈtɪʃənz; ðeɪ wər əˈbaʊt tɪ goʊ aʊt əv kənˈtroʊl, bət wət lʊkt æt ə ˈsərtən pɔɪnt laɪk ən ˈɪmənənt klæʃ, ˌɪnˈkrɛdəbəl ɪn tərmz əv skeɪl ənd ˈpæʃən, wɑz səkˈsɛsfəli əˈvɔɪdɪd wɪˈθaʊt ˈblədˌʃɛd. ðə rɪsk ðət ðə ˈsoʊviˌɛt ˈɑrmi maɪt bi prəˈvoʊkt ˈɪntu ə rɪˈspɑns wɑz ˈnutrəˌlaɪzd. ðə ˌɪˈnɛvətəbəl dɪˈvɔrs wɪθ ðə əv ˈpɑpjələr democracy”*” wɑz nɑt ˌoʊvərˈʃædoʊd baɪ ˈvaɪələns. ˈəndər ˈgɔrbəˌʧɔf, ˈnəθɪŋ ˈhæpənd laɪk ˌʧɛkəsloʊˈvɑkiə ɪn 1968 æfˈgænəˌstæn ɪn 1979 ər ðə ˈvaɪələnt ˈkrækˌdaʊn əˈgɛnst ðə ˈrəʃən ˈpɑrləmɛnt ɪn 1993 aɪ wɪl nɑt ˈdaʊnˈgreɪd ðə dɪˈskəʃən tɪ ðə ˈlɛvəl əv ðoʊz hu əˈkjuz ˈgɔrbəˌʧɔf əv ˈtrizən. bət aɪ məst ədˈmɪt səm ər ən ɪkˈsprɛʃən əv sɪnˈsɪr kənˈsərn əˈbaʊt ðə ˈkəntri. ˈmeɪnli, ðeɪ stɛm frəm ðə ˈbɪtər ˌrɛkɪgˈnɪʃən ðət wi lɔst ðə ˌkɑmpəˈtɪʃən bɪtˈwin tu ˈsoʊʃəl ˈsɪstəmz. bət ðoʊz riˈspɑnsəbəl fər ðə ˈfeɪljər ʃʊd bi lʊkt fər nɑt ɪn 1985 bət məʧ ˈərliər. ˌɪnˈdid, ɪz ðɛr ə pɔɪnt ɪn ɑr pæst wɪn wən kʊd seɪ wɪˈθaʊt ˌhɛzəˈteɪʃən ðət ˌbiˈfɔr ðət ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ wɑz faɪn? ðə ˈprɑbləmz ˈgɔrbəˌʧɔf hæd tɪ ˈæˌdrɛs hæd paɪld əp ˈoʊvər ˈdɛkeɪdz əv dɪˈfɪʃənt ˈgəvərnəns. ðə hɪˈstɔrɪkəl dɪˈspjut bɪtˈwin ˈkæpɪtəˌlɪzəm ənd ˈsoʊʃəˌlɪzəm (tɪ bi mɔr prɪˈsaɪs, ɪts ˌənsəkˈsɛsfəl ˈmɑdəl) hæd bɪn lɔst lɔŋ ˌbiˈfɔr ˈgɔrbəˌʧɔf. hi wɑz ˈmɪrli ˈbɑrgɪnɪŋ ˈoʊvər kənˈdɪʃənz əv kənˈkludɪŋ pis, bɪˈkəz ðə ˌkɑmpəˈtɪʃən hæd əkˈwaɪərd ə ʃeɪp əv ðə koʊld wɔr wɪθ ɔl ɪts məˌtɪriəˈlɪstɪk ˈbækˌgraʊnd laɪk ðə ɑrmz reɪs, dɪˈklɛrd tɪ bi ə fɔrm əv klæs ˈstrəgəl. ənd ˈgɔrbəˌʧɔf wɑz kəmˈpɛld tɪ ˈkɛri ɔn ˌdɪpləˈmætɪk ˈbɑrgɪnɪŋ əˈbrɔd wɪn ðə ˌɪnˈtərnəl ˈstrəgəl fleɪmz wər əˈbaʊt tɪ ɪnˈvɛləp ðə haʊs. ˈimərʤɪŋ frəm ðə əˌθɔrəˈtɛriən ˈmeɪtrɪks ðɛr ɪz əˈnəðər if”*” kˈwɛʃən: dɪd ˈgɔrbəˌʧɔf du ðə raɪt θɪŋ baɪ ˈɛndɪŋ ðə koʊld wɔr? aɪ hæv hərd səm ˈkrɪtɪks seɪ: ə bɪt mɔr ənd ðə əˈmɛrɪkənz wʊd hæv lɔst, ɪf nɑt fər ˈgɔrbəˌʧɔf hu seɪvd them.”*.” əˈpɛrəntli wət ðeɪ hæd ɪn maɪnd wɑz ðət ɑr juʤ ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri pəˈtɛnʃəl wɑz ˈrɪli nɑt ˌɪnˈfɪriər tɪ ðət əv ðə juz. θæŋks gɑd, noʊ wən dɛrd ʧɛk ðɪs ɪn ˈpræktɪs. bət wən ˈæˌspɛkt əv ˈpɛrəti wɑz nɑt ɪˈnəf. ɪn ɔl ˈəðər rɪˈspɛkts wi lɔst. wi lɔst wɪˈθaʊt ə ˈsɪŋgəl ʃɑt faɪərd, tɪ bi mɔr prɪˈsaɪs, wɪˈθaʊt ə ˈsɪŋgəl ˈmɪsəl lɔnʧt. ˌɪnsɪˈdɛntəli, ðət kɛpt up”*” ðə ɪˈstæblɪʃmənt ɪt hæd ˈsərtənli nɑt ˈsəfərd ə ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri dɪˈfit (baɪ ˈkɑntræst, ðə juz. ɪˈstæblɪʃmənt, wɪʧ ˈnɛvər hæd ə ʧæns tɪ ɪkˈspɪriəns wət wɔr ɪz laɪk, dɪˈvɛləpt ðə dɪˈluʒən ðət ɪt wɑz ɑmˈnɪpətənt, wɪʧ lɛd ɪt tɪ æfˈgænəˌstæn ənd ˌɪˈrɑk.) bət ɪf drimz əv ər brəʃt əˈsaɪd, ɪf ɑr ˈtərgət ɪz pis, ˈgɔrbəˌʧɔf dɪd ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ raɪt. ˈistərn drɪft əˈweɪ frəm ˈjuˈɛs ənd lɛt mi riˈɪtərˌeɪt, nɑt əˈgɛnst ðə wɪl əv ðə ˈpipəl əv ðoʊz ˈkəntriz, bət əv ðɛr strɔŋ dɪˈzaɪər wərkt təˈwɔrdz ˈpisfəl dɪˈvɛləpmənt. ɪt wɑz ˈhɑrdli ə lɔs, ˈrəðər ɪt wɑz ə rɪˈlif frəm ə ˈbərdən, sɪns ɪn ɑr ““empire”*” wi kənˈtraɪvd tɪ ˈʤɛnərˌeɪt mɔr ˈlɔsɪz ðən geɪnz. ˌrɛkənˌsɪliˈeɪʃən wɪθ ˈʤərməni, ɑr moʊst ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt ˈpɑrtnər əv ɔl ðə ˈwɛstərn ˈkəntriz, ˈɔlsoʊ wərkt təˈwɔrdz ˈpisfəl dɪˈvɛləpmənt. soʊ dɪd ðə ˈɛksət frəm ˌkɑnfrənˈteɪʃən wɪθ ðə juz. ənd ɪts ˈælaɪz, ənd ˌnɔrməlɪˈzeɪʃən əv riˈleɪʃənz wɪθ ˈʧaɪnə. frəm ðə ˈstændˌpɔɪnt əv pis ˈprɑspɛkts, ðə ˈaʊtˌkəm əv ðə ɛnd əv ðə koʊld wɔr wɑz kwaɪt əkˈsɛptəbəl fər ˈrəʃə. ɪt ɪz ən ɪnˈtaɪərli ˈdɪfərənt ˈmætər ɛz tɪ haʊ ðə ˌɑpərˈtunətiz fər ə ˈpisfəl kˌwɔpərˈeɪʃən ðət ˈoʊpənd əp ɪn ðə ˈərli wər juzd ənd wət həz ˈteɪkən ˈjuˈɛs tɪ ðə ˈkraɪsəs əv 2014 ðɪs ɪz ə ˈsɛpərˌeɪt ˈtɑpɪk fər dɪˈskəʃən. bət ˈivɪn ðət ˈkraɪsəs kʊd hæv bɪn fɑr mɔr ˈsɪriəs ɪf nɑt fər ðə ˈpɑzətɪv ɪkˈspɪriəns əv ˈoʊvərˌkəmɪŋ əˈkjut ˌsɪʧuˈeɪʃənz, ənd ðə ɪkˈspɪriəns əv kˌwɔpərˈeɪʃən ɪn ðə jɪrz ɪn treɪd, ɪˈkɑnəmi ənd ˈəðər sfɪrz, wɪʧ sɔrd tɪ nu haɪz ˈæftər ðə ɛnd əv ðə koʊld wɔr. əˈproʊʧɪz maɪt lʊk ˈsəmˈwət aɪˌdiəˈlɪstɪk. tɪ hɪz ˈkrɪtɪks ðeɪ lʊkt ˈivɪn naɪiv. bət ðɪs wɑz ˈnoʊbəl aɪˈdilɪzəm. ɪt ˈhɛrəldɪd ə ˈjuˌtərn əˈweɪ frəm ə klæs ˌaɪdiˈɑləʤi. ɪts prɑˈʤɛkʃən tɪ ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl riˈleɪʃənz ˌɪmˈplaɪd ən ænˌtægəˈnɪstɪk ˈstrəgəl bɪtˈwin tu ˈsoʊʃəl ˈsɪstəmz ənˈtɪl ðə əˈpoʊnənt wɑz əˈnaɪəˌleɪtɪd. aɪˈdiə wɑz tɪ ˌriˈpleɪs ðə ˈkɑnsɛpt ðət rɪˈlaɪd ɔn dɪˈvɪʒən ənd ˈɛnmɪti wɪθ ðə praɪˈɔrəti əv ˈkɑmən ˌjuˌmænəˈtɛriən ˈvæljuz, ˈsoʊʃəl ˈʤəstɪs, ənd ðə ˈimərʤəns əv ə ˌdɛməˈkrætɪk wərld ˈɔrdər. aɪˈdilɪzəm baɪ noʊ minz ˌɪnərˈfɪrd wɪθ hɪz kwaɪt prægˈmætɪk ˈfɔrən ˈpɑləsi. ɪn fækt, ɪt wɑz ˈrəðər ˈhɛlpfəl, fər ɪt ˈprɑmptɪd θɔts əˈbaʊt ðə fˈjuʧər ənd ˈɔlsoʊ ɪnˈkərəʤd ““breakthrough”*” aɪˈdiəz. nu ˈθɪŋkɪŋ krɑpt əp ɔn ˈfərtəl sɔɪl. ɪt dəraɪvd strɛŋθ frəm ðə fərm wɪʃ əv ðə ədˈvænst ˈsɛkʃən əv soʊˈsaɪɪti tɪ wərk fər ðə seɪk əv ðə ˈpipəl ənd tɪ meɪk ˈgəvərnmənt ˈpɑləsiz sərv ðə ˈɪntərɪsts. ɪt kənˈtɪnjud ɪn mɔr ədˈvænst fɔrmz ðə ˈkrusˌʧɛv θɔ ɪn ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl riˈleɪʃənz ənd ðə ˈizɪŋ əv ˈtɛnʧənz əv ðə ˈərli ˈbrɛznɛf ˈɪrə. ˈmænjəˌskrɪpts du nɑt bərn. gʊd aɪˈdiəz du nɑt ˈvænɪʃ wɪˈθaʊt ə treɪs. ənd stɪl, ɪn maɪ əˈpɪnjən, ˈprɛzɪdənt ˈgreɪtəst ˈmɛrət laɪz ˈaʊtˈsaɪd ðə rɛlm əv ˈfɔrən ˈpɑləsi. ɪt ɪz ðə rɛr ənd, ənˈfɔrʧənətli, ənˈjuzd ʧæns ðət hɪz ˌpɛrəˈstrɔɪkə geɪv ˈrəʃə. ɪt wɑz ə greɪt ənd boʊld əˈtɛmpt tɪ pʊl ˈrəʃə aʊt əv ðə əˌθɔrəˈtɛriən ˈmeɪtrɪks ˈdeɪtɪŋ bæk tɪ ðə ˈmɑŋgəl joʊk. tɪ rɪˈfɔrm ðə ˈkəntri wɪˈθaʊt əˈprɛsɪŋ ðə ˈpipəl ənd skˈwizɪŋ ðɛm tɪ ðə læst drɔp ðə weɪ ˈɛmpərər ˈpitər aɪ ənd ˈstɑlən dɪd, ənd gɪv ðɛm ðə raɪts ənd ˌɑpərˈtunəti tɪ bɪld ðɛr oʊn lɪvz. ɪt wɑz ə juˈnik əˈtɛmpt, bɪˈkəz nɑt ə ˈsɪŋgəl ˈpərsən ˌbiˈfɔr ər ˈæftər ˈgɔrbəˌʧɔf həz ˈɔfərd ðə ˈneɪʃən ðə ʧɔɪs əv ˈstɛpɪŋ ɔf ðə træk ðə ˈkəntri hæd ˈtrɑdən fər ˈsɛnʧəriz. naʊ wi ər bæk ɔn ðə seɪm træk əˈgɛn. wɛr wɪl ɪt teɪk ˈjuˈɛs? noʊ ˌɑptɪˈmɪstɪk ˈprɑspɛkts ər ɪn saɪt. ˈgɔrbəˌʧɔf ənd hɪz tim wər wɛl əˈwɛr ðət laɪk ðə ˈpɛrɪs ˈkɑmjun əv 1871 ðeɪ wʊd hæv tɪ ðə heavens.”*.” ðə ˈstrætəʤi əv ˌpɛrəˈstrɔɪkə kənˈfrəntɪd ə roʊˈbəst ˈsɪstəm. ʤɪst ə fju ˈfɪgjərz seɪ ɪt ɔl: ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə jɪrz əv stægˈneɪʃən ðə stæf əv ðə ˌbjʊrəˈkrætɪk məˈʃinəri gru baɪ ˈmɪljən tɪ ˈmɪljən ɪn sɛpˈtɛmbər 1985 ɪt wɑz ə juˈnaɪtɪd, ɪkˈspɪriənst ˈɑrmi wɪθ noʊ ˈskrupəlz, ənd wɛl əˈwɛr əv wət ɪt wɑz ˈfaɪtɪŋ fər. wən həz tɪ ədˈmɪt ðət ðə ˌpɛrəˈstrɔɪkə ˈlidərˌʃɪp ʧoʊz ˈrəðər maɪld ˈmɛʒərz ɪn ðɛr ˈstrəgəl wɪθ bjʊˈrɑkrəsi ənd ɪts ˈvænˌgɑrd, ðə ˈprɪvɪlɪʤd klæs əv ˈfəŋkʃəˌnɛriz ənd ædˈmɪnɪˌstreɪtərz. ɪt wɑz bɪˈlivd ðət ˈkətɪŋ ðə ruts wʊd bi fɑr ˈbɛtər ðən əˈgrɛsɪv ˈpərʤɪz. bət ðə noʊˌmɛŋkləˈʧʊrə wɑz ˈvɛri riˈsɔrsfəl ɪn ˌɪnˈvɛntɪŋ weɪz əv rɪˈzɪstəns. ðə ˈrulɪŋ ɪˈlits ˈhɛdɪd baɪ ˈrəʃən ˈprɛzɪdənt ˈjɛltsən ˌdɪˈsaɪdɪd ðə feɪt əv ˌpɛrəˈstrɔɪkə ənd ˈgɔrbəˌʧɔf. ðeɪ wən ðə ˈstrəgəl fər paʊər. ɛz sun ɛz ðeɪ sɔ ðə ril strɛŋθ əv ðə ˈrulɪŋ noʊˌmɛŋkləˈʧʊrə klæs, ðə ˈlidərz əv ˌpɛrəˈstrɔɪkə θɔt ɪt maɪt bi ə gʊd aɪˈdiə tɪ sik səˈpɔrt frəm ðə ˈpəblɪk æt lɑrʤ ənd frəm kənˈstrəktɪv ˈgræsˈruts ˌɪˈnɪʃətɪvz. bət ðeɪ ˈhɑrdli səˈspɛktɪd tɪ wət ɪkˈstɛnt soʊˈsaɪɪti hæd bɪn ˈkrɪpəld baɪ ˈdɛkeɪdz əv ˈhɑrdʃɪps, ˈpɑvərti, ənd ˈpərpəsfəl, dɪˈlɪbərˌeɪt ˈbreɪnˌwɑʃɪŋ. ðə ˈpipəl ər nɑt tɪ bleɪm fər biɪŋ səˈbʤɛktɪd tɪ ˈmɑnstrəs ɪkˈspɛrəmənts. bət fərm bɪˈlif ðət ðə ˈpipəl ˈsɑlədli fər perestroika”*” wɑz ə dɪˈluʒən, ˌhaʊˈɛvər sæd ðɪs ˌrɛkɪgˈnɪʃən meɪ saʊnd. ðə ˈlidərz əv ˌpɛrəˈstrɔɪkə ˈnɛvər ˈmænɪʤd tɪ əˈʧiv ˈriləˈzeɪʃən əv wət kaɪnd əv soʊˈsaɪɪti hæd bɪn bɪlt, ˈsəmθɪŋ ˈjʊri ænˈdrɑˌpɑv hæd kɔld fər ɪn hɪz deɪ. ˈsɛtɪŋ ɪn ˈmoʊʃən ə ˈkəntri ðət baɪ ənd lɑrʤ wɑz ˌənpriˈpɛrd fər rɪˈfɔrm ənd əˈkəstəmd tɪ ðə ˈpriviəs ˈplæsɪd ɪgˈzɪstəns ənd ˌənəˈwɛr əv ðə ˈpɛrəlz əv stægˈneɪʃən rikˈwaɪərd fɑr mɔr taɪm ðən wɑz əˈveɪləbəl ɪn ˌriˈæləˌti. ɪn mɑrʧ 1987 ˈgɔrbəˌʧɔf θɔt ʃæl əˈʧiv ðə fərst rɪˈzəlts ɪn years’*’ taɪm, ɪf wi ˈmænɪʤ tɪ hoʊld on.”*.” rɪˈgrɛtəbli, ðə ˈdɛməˌgɑgz ənd ˈpɑpjəlɪsts wər ˈeɪbəl tɪ dəraɪv mɔr ˈbɛnəfɪts fər ðɛmˈsɛlvz ðən ðoʊz hu hæd brɔt ˌpɛrəˈstrɔɪkə ənd ˈglɔsˌnoʊst ˈɪntu ɪgˈzɪstəns. ɪt wɑz ən ˌɪləˈstreɪʃən əv ðə ˈklæsɪkəl ˈpætərn æt wərk səm stænd əp fər ðə ˈpipəl, waɪl ðə ˈpipəl prɪˈfər tɪ ˈfɑloʊ ˈsəmˌbɑdi ɛls. ðoʊz hu baɪ ənd lɑrʤ du nɑt kɛr əˈbaʊt ðə ˈpipəl. paʊər ənd ˈməni ər ðɛr soʊl ˈbikən. ˈkɑntrɛri tɪ wət ˌɪnˈkɑmpətənt ˌprɑpəˈgændəsts kip seɪɪŋ, ɪt wɑz nɑt ˈgɔrbəˌʧɔf hu ruɪnd ðə ˈsoʊviˌɛt ˈjunjən, bət ðə tɔp əv ðə steɪt məˈʃinəri hu rɪˈvoʊltɪd əˈgɛnst hɪz ˌdɛməˈkrætɪk rɪˈfɔrmz. ˈbɔrɪs ˈdɛdli ˈɛnmɪti pleɪd ə dɪˈzæstrəs roʊl. ˈliənɪd ˈkrɑvˌʧʊk, ðə ˈfɔrmər ˌaɪdiˈɑləʤi ʧif əv ðə ˈkɑmjənəst ˈpɑrti ɪn juˈkreɪn, meɪd ðə ˈsɛkənd ˈlɑrʤəst ˈpərsɪnəl ˌkɑntrəˈbjuʃən tɪ ðə ˈbreɪˌkəp əv ðə ˈsoʊviˌɛt ˈjunjən. ˈeɪnʧənt ˈroʊmənz ɪn səʧ ˈkeɪsɪz juzd tɪ æsk bono?”*?” huz benefit?”*?”). ɪt wɑz ðə tɔp tir əv ðə pəˈlɪtɪkəl ənd ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk bjʊˈrɑkrəsi ðət ˈbɛnəˌfɪtɪd ðə moʊst frəm ðə fɔl əv ðə ˈsoʊviˌɛt ˈjunjən. ˈpipəl ər ˈgræʤuəli dɪˈvɛləpɪŋ ən əˈwɛrnəs əv wət ˈhæpənd. əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ əˈpɪnjən poʊlz kənˈdəktəd æt ðə ɛnd əv 2012 ˈoʊnli 18 pərˈsɛnt bleɪmd ðə ˈsoʊviˌɛt ˈbreɪˌkəp ɔn ˈgɔrbəˌʧɔf kəmˈpɛrd tɪ 45 pərˈsɛnt tˈwɛnti jɪrz əˈgoʊ. ðɛr ɪz ə groʊɪŋ ˌəndərˈstændɪŋ ðət ˌpɛrəˈstrɔɪkə riˈlist ˈnɛgətɪv ˈɛnərʤi ənd prɪˈvɛnɪd ˌɪnˈtərnəl cataclysms*. ɪt ɪz ˈnoʊtˌwərði ðət ˈwɛˈlɛʤəˌkeɪtɪd ˈpipəl ˈʤɛnərəli əˈpruv əv ˌpɛrəˈstrɔɪkə. aɪ hoʊp ðət ɪn ðə lɔŋ tərm ðə ʤɪst ənd fɛr ˈætəˌtud təˈwɔrdz ˈgɔrbəˌʧɔf wɪl geɪn ðə ˈəpər hænd. aɪ əˈgri wɪθ ˈrəʃən pəˈlɪtɪkəl ˈsaɪəntɪst ˈfərˌmæn, hu roʊt: wɑz ðə ˈoʊnli ˌpɑləˈtɪʃən ɪn ˈrəʃən ˈhɪstəri hu, ˈhævɪŋ ɔl paʊər ɪn hɪz hænz, ˈkɑnʃəsli əˈgrid tɪ ɪts ˌlɪmɪˈteɪʃən fər ðə seɪk əv aɪˈdil ˈmɔrəl ˈvæljuz, ˌɔlˈðoʊ baɪ duɪŋ soʊ hi ræn ðə rɪsk əv ˈluzɪŋ ɪt altogether.”*.” wən əv ˌkɛrɪktərˈɪstɪks həz ˈɔfən bɪn ə taɪt əˈlaɪəns əv pəˈlɪtɪkəl ənd ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk məˈʃinəri, ɔn ðə wən hænd, ənd əv ðə ɑmˈnɪpətənt klæs əv steɪt bjʊˈrɑkrəsi, ɔn ðə ˈəðər. jɛt ðɛr hæv bɪn əˈtɛmpts tɪ kərb ɪt: ˈstɑlən juzd ˈpərʤɪz, ənd ˈkrusˌʧɛv ənd ˈgɔrbəˌʧɔf ˈɪmpləˌmɛnəd rɪˈfɔrmz. ɪn ðət rɪˈspɛkt ðɛr həz ˈdɛfənətli bɪn ən ˌənmɪˈsteɪkəbəl ˈpʊlˌbæk əˈweɪ frəm ˌɪnəˈveɪʃənz. ðə ˈɑrbəˌtrɛrinəs əv bjʊˈrɑkrəsi, kərˈəpʃən, ənd ˈəðər fɔrmz əv ər naʊ ˈstrɔŋgər ðən ˈɛvər. aɪ wʊd laɪk tɪ ɛnd ðiz noʊts wɪθ ə kwoʊt frəm maɪ prɪˈfərd ˈraɪtər yerofeyev*, hu traɪd tɪ prɪˈdɪkt ɑr fˈjuʧər ɪn 1989 həz noʊ ʤɔɪ əˈbaʊt ˈɛniˌθɪŋ; nɔr dɪz ˈɛniˌwən fil sæd, ɪn fækt. ɪt ɪz ˈrəðər ɪn ænˌtɪsəˈpeɪʃən əv səm kaɪnd əv stɪl ˌgrændiˈoʊs fɪlθ; moʊst ˈprɑbəˌbli, ə rɪˈtərn tɪ ðə əv ðə past.”*.” ɪn ʃɔrt, ˈgɔrbəˌʧɔf wɔrmd ɑr soʊlz, naʊ əˈgɛn...
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the spring of 2015 marked the 30th anniversary of soviet leader mikhail gorbachev’s policy of perestroika. a unique period in russian history, the paradigm of the soviet union’s development underwent a cardinal change in a peaceful fashion. in fact, the system of priorities was revised and new policy guidelines were identified. a powerful wave of enthusiasm and a sincere desire for change swept over society. yet the disappointment was prompt and bitter. the reforms of the late 1980s ended in a profound socio-economic crisis and the disintegration of the soviet union. we are still experiencing the aftershocks of those tectonic tremors and are asking the same, still unanswered, questions, while clashing in disputes that should have been finished years ago. perestroika and its foreign policy remain underestimated in russia. until we take an impartial look at this crucial stage in russia’s development, i fear we will remain trapped in the vicious circle of historical doom.
were the drastic changes worth it?
in january 1986 one of my colleagues at the foreign ministry, oleg grinevsky, all of a sudden poured out his heart to me: “there was no point in launching perestroika in a country that was not ready for change. we opened the floodgates only to make things worse. in our society, with its very modest demands, things could have simmered for a long time. true, we were lagging behind, but lagging behind does not necessarily spell utter failure.”
another colleage, yuli kvitsinsky, very disappointed at our “loss” of east germany, exclaimed once: “but for gorbachev, we could have held on for another twenty years.” the question remains if anyone would have been able to hold out. party functionaries would possibly have managed because many of them were removed from the people and were relatively well off in material terms. but what about everybody else?
the way i see it, perestroika was an imperative of the day by virtue of several factors.
1) a nation in distress. the economic engines had ground to a halt, while social and political institutions that for many years had stood in the way of genuine development were unable to restart the engines. a friend from university, boris vladimirov, a functionary at one of the departments of the communist party’s central committee, told me in february 1982 that they were receiving heart-breaking messages from the provinces – not angry, but quite sad. people were complaining that they could not buy meat, milk, or eggs for years and that potatoes and cabbage were the only basic foodstuffs available. the worst thing, boris said, is that those pleas for help did not reach anywhere.
in 2013 i asked my good friend abel aganbegyan, a classic of our economic thought, to briefly outline the situation the soviet union found itself in the spring of 1985. here is the gist of his analysis: “of the fifteen years of stagnation, the last few saw practically no growth of gdp, capital investment, or industrial production. we kept living on revenues from oil and gas that we were exporting for next to nothing. from the standpoint of scientific and technological progress, the country was hopelessly falling behind, above all in such advanced industries as electronics and computer manufacturing. in space technology, where we had once been in the lead, the americans had gone far ahead. the budget deficit, just like other negative financial parameters, was a secret. agriculture was stalled at the 1978 level. by 1981, grain imports stood at half of what the country was producing. and yet the government was unable to feed the people. retail trade shortages were soaring. direct distribution of goods through corporate cafeteria and departmental food distribution outlets closed to outsiders were becoming increasingly more common. housing construction was declining. the average life expectancy declined to 66 years from 70 years in 1964. the country was at a dead end with no way out in sight.”
in december 1983, when i was among the speechwriters working on yuri andropov’s speech for a conference on economic affairs, i made the following note: “as a result of poor adjustment of plans, twenty to thirty percent of industrial capacities in some branches are idle, one billion rubles worth of equipment of both domestic and foreign manufacture lies gathering dust. a total of 200 billion rubles in cash are in sberbank saving accounts, of which three quarters is in circulation and another 60 billion is at the people’s disposal on hand. at the same time, retail targets are not being met in all republics. there is no demand for available goods. the amount of cash in circulation keeps increasing. a tremendous amount of money is not being used. underground millionaires are looking for loopholes in foreign trade organizations, opening anonymous accounts in foreign banks, concluding covert transactions, and taking huge amounts of rubles out of the country to exchange the national currency at a very low rate. the worst thing is that we have “eaten” our future! in the 1990s production rates were doomed to slump as low as one percent, because for a long time there had been no investment in basic industries that should have guaranteed an upturn: machine-building, metallurgy, railways, and machine tool engineering. where did the people’s money go? the main spending articles are defense, agriculture, housing construction, and assistance to other countries (vietnam, mongolia, and cuba). real incomes are shrinking as a result of creeping inflation. we have repeatedly sped up money printing ever since 1965.”
as for the socialist countries, i quote testimony by oleg bogomolov, the then director of the institute of the world socialist system: “this is the most important sphere, but too little attention is paid to it. our friends [a reference to the socialist countries in those years] are getting ahead. we are playing a backward, retarding role; moreover, we are subsidizing them both overtly and covertly. our enormous r&d potential is not used to meet our foreign economic needs. the military-industrial complex is its sole domain. the slogan of the day ‘blending science, industry, and foreign trade’ (the way east germany’s integrated plants operate) remains on paper, as even the existing resolutions on that score fail to be implemented. only 18 percent of mutual supplies of machine-building industry products within comecon match world market requirements. for critical technologies and know-how the socialist countries have to turn to the west. our manufacturers have no incentives to produce export-oriented items because they get none of the revenues, while their employees have to excel at work to guarantee quality. manufacturers’ rights, expanded for a short while during alexei kosygin’s premiership, have been axed again.”
2) the likelihood of risky political developments. on the eve of perestroika smoldering discontent could be sensed everywhere in soviet society. although not “structured” in modern parlance, the feeling that “life cannot go on like this” was becoming increasingly prevalent. u.s. columnist flora lewis, an expert on soviet russia, wrote at that time: “what must worry us is not that the soviet union will go on and on unchanged and insensitive to the aspirations of the ruled. it is that one day this society may explode with all the raging fury of the revolution against czarist tyranny in 1917, but with far greater menace.”
there were other kinds of risks. it is not accidental that the brezhnev era leadership was ready to welcome the rehabilitation of stalin. according to my observations, this sentiment was the strongest among middle-ranking party functionaries, for they felt the marasmatic manifestations of stagnation more than anyone else. in those days many had the premonition that “the total mess” (bardak, a word that was on everybody’s mind) will end only with the advent of another stalin. not stalin the terrorist, but stalin the tsar, who would restore order with an iron hand.
they were wrong. unpredictable russia brought to the surface mikhail gorbachev with his promise: “i will give you freedom.” perestroika was crucial as it prevented both a social upheaval and a new version of stalinism.
3) the role of personality. all good and bad fundamental shifts in russia come from the top and have long been cyclical: short periods of freedom, democracy, and liberalism – whatever one wishes to call them – give way to prolonged periods of non-freedom. alexander ii followed nicholas i. after the tsar liberator there was a long period of reaction up until the revolution of february 1917, when for a short time russia was “the brightest democracy on earth.” next came the long stalinist dictatorship, followed by the brief khrushchev “thaw.” then another twenty years of moderate authoritarianism and, lastly, gorbachev.
the arbitrariness and tragic mistakes of sovereign rulers have been paid for with blood: the crimean war, world war i, and the revolution for which nicholas ii and the stupid and egoistic elite bore the brunt of responsibility, the great patriotic war, with millions who also perished through stalin’s fault, and finally, afghanistan.
perestroika became possible only when – maybe for the first time in the entire history of the soviet state – the reins of power went to a person who placed the interests of the country and its people above his own determination to stay in office at any cost. gorbachev was a firm advocate of morality in politics. people possessing such qualities were very rare: the sacrifices that soviet society had to suffer for the sake of ideological values had left a lasting imprint not only on life, but also on the mentality of people, including the ruling class, and greatly distorted their mode of thinking, making it one-vectored and aggressive.
the changes were just waiting for the one who would dare bring them to the fore. volunteers were few. i can name just two such personalities in the whole period before perestroika – khrushchev and kosygin.
it is natural for people to remember what happened, but to seldom give thought to what could have happened if events had taken a different turn. in this particular case what if gorbachev had decided against such a troublesome undertaking as perestroika and had chosen instead to govern the nation in the way his kremlin predecessors had done. my friend kvitsinsky was right: gorbachev would have certainly stayed in power for a long time. yet he chose a different fate for himself. and, incidentally, he has remained a person of very moderate means which is not very common with our leaders.
the “what if” formula is fully applicable to the fourth factor: foreign policy. towards the end of brezhnev’s rule, the soviet union’s international position was precarious and vulnerable. figuratively speaking, it was a one-against-all position. the dangers were not just local. the risk of a nuclear armageddon kept growing. nobody wanted that, but no one was able to vow it would not happen. by 1982, the year brezhnev died, the aggregate yield of soviet and u.s. nuclear warheads (both installed on operational delivery vehicles and in storage facilities) was so great that there was an equivalent of four tons of tnt per each human on the globe. that alone made perestroika an absolute must.
in order to avoid disaster, a new type of relationship had to be negotiated with the united states. before gorbachev not a single politician had dared make peace with a class enemy. the problem of preventing a nuclear war had been addressed by building up weapons stockpiles in order to prevent a situation where one country would possess more weapons than the other.
i can anticipate the question: if perestroika was so critical for the country, why then did it end in failure, loss of power by its leader, and the breakup of the soviet union?
my answer is this: perestroika and the soviet union fell victim to a power struggle (“the key question of any revolution” as vladimir lenin once put it) and, respectively, division of property. by 1985, thanks to its previous leaders, from stalin to chernenko, the soviet union had been brought to such a state that its rescue would have required tremendous efforts by the entire ruling class. but the country was split along confrontational lines between rival factions, from orthodox conservatives to ultra radicals. for most of them the chief motif was certainly not preserving the soviet union, let alone reforming it into a democracy.
gorbachev lost, but the policy of perestroika that he launched made it possible to achieve two important things: first, cardinally improve the country’s international standing and, second, implement profound democratic reform within the country. although many of these gains were later uprooted like what had happened on many occasions before. but just as in the previous brighter years of russian history, some gains became deeply ingrained in political culture. it is from these strongholds that the way will be paved towards a russia of honest people that dostoevsky had dreamed of in his day. historical experience indicates this is inevitable. it only remains to be seen when this will happen.
perestroika’s foreign policy achievements
boris yeltsin was fortunate to inherit gorbachev’s foreign policy legacy. that policy was in stark contrast to the one pursued from stalin to brezhnev. it was finally adjusted to the soviet union’s real needs. in practical terms this means that the gorbachev team:
put an end to the “who-will-bury-whom” ideological confrontation between the east and the west and removed the enemy image from the public mind and politics;
ended the 40-year-long cold war with the united states and its allies;
halted the arms race that was ruining the country, and agreed with the united states on the physical elimination of an entire class of weapons –intermediate and shorter range missiles that posed a direct threat to the soviet union’s security;
doing this greatly eased the threat of a nuclear war, although it did not eliminate it altogether because nuclear weapons stockpiles are still unreasonably large;
had the courage to end the nine-year-long war in afghanistan, pull out soviet troops, and leave a government friendly to the soviet union (it would fall only after yeltsin stopped supporting it);
contributed to the settlement of a number of regional conflicts, for instance in angola, cambodia, and nicaragua;
restored to normal once hostile relations with china (this point is especially often forgotten) and was the first to develop the awareness that the centers of power were drifting towards the asia-pacific region;
not only restored diplomatic relations with israel, but also established cooperation with it;
after two bloody wars influenced the process of germany’s unification in a way that ended with the historical reconciliation of germany (remarkably enough, it managed to avoid the sad experience of world war i, when the treaty of versailles immediately sowed the seeds of another conflict);
refrained from attempts to use force to keep eastern european countries in the orbit of the bankrupt soviet regime; the former socialist bloc saw no uprisings that might have placed a difficult choice before us (romania was the sole exception, but even there the future of the country was shaped by its own people, without outside armed intervention);
made a decisive contribution to turning europe from a potential battlefield of another war into a zone of cooperation and booming international exchanges;
turned the country towards a europe sharing common values;
brought to the forefront in both domestic and international terms the rights and freedoms of people, thereby greatly contributing to the growth of the soviet union’s prestige, which by march 1985 had shrunk to zero;
set the course towards integration with the global economy;
opened the soviet union to the rest of the world and the world to the soviet people for the first time in many decades;
eased and in many cases lifted the financial burden estimated at billions of rubles that had been spent on support for genuine and ostensible national-liberation movements and on buying the loyalty of devoted and not quite devoted friends;
started putting in order the military sphere: the armed forces and the military-industrial complex were stripped of the decisive say in foreign and defense policies.
i can say with certainty that each of the aforesaid moves is consonant with russia’s national interests. it is not an exaggeration to say that in less than seven years (1985-1991) the world changed beyond recognition. gorbachev’s foreign policy determined the course of global affairs in many key aspects. at the will of the previous rulers the country continued to live the life of a besieged fortress, which excused cruelty and repression inside. perestroika left russia in an unprecedentedly favorable international environment. in fact, it had no foreign enemies that might pose a kind of threat that in the past required an all-out effort to ward off. (here i do not speak of how perestroika’s legacy was managed afterwards.)
who lost eastern europe?
yet gorbachev continues to be rebuked “for making absolutely unprecedented concessions to the west and for catastrophically harming the country’s positions.” most critics fail to specify, however, what sort of concessions and what positions they have in mind. the more seriously minded usually say that under gorbachev we lost the geopolitical battle and ceded positions in eastern europe gained through a victorious war. this kind of reply rests upon formal logic: “under” does not mean “due to.” a prolonged struggle cannot be lost overnight. empires do not fall in the blink of an eye. the key question is: were the methods that maintained the whole postwar order right and proper?
even if the eventual outcome is to be interpreted as our loss, the bill delivered to the soviet union that was first associated with stalin’s despotism and then with brezhnev’s stagnation and armed enforcement of socialism had been growing over time. then came the time to cash the check.
our departure from eastern europe was forced, including from the german democratic republic. the reason is simple: very few people in eastern europe wanted us to stay. in retrospect it is clear that the tactic of keeping eastern european countries under the soviet union’s command was a sure way into a trap. after the end of world war ii, stalin betted on territorial gains and converting them into social benefits: “where the soviet soldier reaches, there is socialism; where the american appears, there is capitalism as before.”
stalin’s foreign minister vyacheslav molotov regarded the soviet union’s territorial acquisitions as his greatest achievement – the recovery of the losses the russian empire had sustained during world war i and in the early years of bolshevik rule. brezhnev’s foreign minister andrei gromyko took the greatest pride in perpetuating the postwar borders in europe, the way they were drawn as a result of stalin-molotov policies.
such reasoning looked quite fair in the light of the experience of all previous wars. but in the nuclear age soviet security was far less dependent on a buffer zone near its borders. the geostrategic dogma remained in force for four decades. in shaping our defense policies, we primarily bore in mind nuclear warfare and offensive operations in europe. we spent a quarter of our gross domestic product for this purpose (another quarter was used to subsidize prices). in the meantime, the implementation of either scenario looked increasingly more doubtful. moreover, we assumed a colossal imperial mission as if the other burdens were not heavy enough.
we made huge investment in the conquered countries in the form of free aid, supplies of raw materials at huge discounts, and spending on infrastructures to accommodate hundreds of thousands of troops. but few czechs or poles were grateful to us. discontent over the existing way of life, largely regarded as a derivative of soviet dominance, was universal and it erupted many times in dramatic ways.
“anti-socialist” demonstrations in berlin (1953), hungary (1956), and czechoslovakia (1968) were suppressed by force. it is not accidental that the east germans were the first to revolt against a crackdown on small private businesses, collectivization, and fast-tracked development of heavy industries. add to this the single-party system and accelerated creation of the armed forces, which devoured a disproportionately large share of the state budget. there were trials and executions, and the eventual emergence of the berlin wall in 1961. yet the contradictions remained and were bound to explode sooner or later. i recall a caustic remark popular in those days: even the germans are unable to make the soviet system work.
in poland in 1981, general wojciech jaruzelski managed to avoid soviet military intervention, but the polish united workers’ party remained in a very precarious position. in fact, it was ousted from power in the first free elections.
incidentally, in their own protectorate of western europe, the americans governed life in a way that never required to use force.
by the time gorbachev rose to power, demand for change, long driven deep inside all warsaw pact countries, had come close to the boiling point. sensing blood, the united states and some of its allies stepped up their inciting and propaganda activities. the soviet communist party’s ruling politburo under gorbachev by no means dropped the intention to preserve the socialist bloc. it kept making decisions in favor of generous aid to the warsaw pact countries. in april 1985 the warsaw pact was extended for another twenty years (it would be disbanded in six years later). active measures were taken in order to involve eastern european countries in economic cooperation. not all of them were unsuccessful; for instance, the joint project to lay the trunk pipeline from the yamburg gas fields to the soviet union’s western border. regrettably, there were more failures than victories on the economic front. at the end of the day, we even remained in debt to our former allies.
the greatest hope was that eastern european capitals would see the advent of their own reform champions – their own gorbachevs, leaders capable of giving a powerful boost to “socialism with a human face” as soon as they were free from the kremlin’s yoke. but officialdom in most of those countries was extremely brezhnevist, while a majority of the population no longer wanted “humane socialism” or any socialism at all, let alone a system pegged to the soviet model imposed on them. the economic situation was dire, with low standards of living, incompetent bureaucracy, and political repression.
that is when the long-term effects of the never-let-you-go tactics surfaced, including attempts to quash by force the desire by the czechs and slovaks for democratic reform. sadly, it was as late as november 1989 that the five states responsible for suppressing the prague spring uprising issued a collective statement to condemn the intrusion and to renounce the brezhnev doctrine. additionally, the soviet union issued its own declaration to express regret over the erroneous decision made in the summer of 1968.
i suspect we were largely unaware of how serious the situation in the socialist countries was in those days. in the autumn of 1987, speaking at the foreign ministry’s board meeting after his return from poland, eduard shevardnadze said: “the main problems have been overcome, and if the polish comrades proceed in the same fashion, poland will be a reliable link.”
we had poor knowledge of the real situation also because our warsaw pact allies preferred not to bombard moscow with bad news – if, of course, the leadership itself was fully informed. another reason was that soviet embassies were usually led not by career diplomats, but by communist party functionaries who rarely presented an objective picture. the kremlin expected that they would present the situation the way the ideology required it, and not the real state of affairs.
we understood that keeping those countries in our orbit was possible only through the use of force once the new authorities in eastern europe unequivocally pointed to a door. vaclav havel, elected president after the velvet revolution, said in no uncertain terms that soviet troops must leave czechoslovakia by the end of 1990. reformers in hungary demanded the same, while opening the border with austria to east germans and, as it later turned out, getting financial rewards from the west germans in exchange. in bulgaria, todor zhivkov left office after 35 years in power.
poland’s solidarity was the only political force in eastern europe that in no way demanded a soviet pullout for some time. the new polish leaders even asked the kremlin to keep troops in poland until allied germany reaffirmed its commitment to the post-war borders, which poland owed entirely to the soviet union and to which it had no objections at all.
as the soviet bloc started falling apart it took great courage to remain committed to the proclaimed principle that people have the right to decide their own future. fortunately, very few of those responsible for making decisions contemplated action from a position of strength. the gorbachev team, including defense minister dmitry yazov and kgb chief vladimir kryuchkov, firmly opposed the use of force. a politburo special resolution stated the same. all analysts agreed that any attempt at military suppression would first spell disastrous effects for our country. it would fuel the soaring hatred of the eastern europeans, create universal estrangement in relations with the west, and further hurt the economy. we would have been left all alone with our problems.
i would add that gorbachev had a precedent to rely on – the soviet union’s earlier decision not to “defend socialism” by force. i mean poland in 1981. the brezhnev doctrine was buried during its architect’s lifetime. gorbachev just went ahead with this policy.
as soon as the people realized they were free to take to the streets without the risk of being shot, they did so. eastern europeans were eager to get out of the bearish imperial embrace and away from socialism made in the ussr. geopolitics merged with ideology. take the gdr (east germany). its citizens were fleeing the country by the thousand because there was one more powerful incentive – german unity.
seeing an empire fall apart and realizing that only violence might stop the process for a time – yet the use of force is impossible – was a dramatic experience that i would not wish anyone to have. in economic terms we could no longer afford to continue supporting our allies. comecon had long turned into a phantom. the new rulers that replaced the communists in the comecon member-states demanded its elimination. the eastern europeans displayed a similar “initiative” regarding the warsaw treaty organization. moreover, oil prices had slumped 60 percent: the hand of the u.s. and saudi arabia seeking vengeance for afghanistan was surely at work here.
it is a hard fact that in those months when events overlapped one by one and the risk of making a mistake was high, the leader of the perestroika made not a single irreparable error.
the popular masses were outpacing politicians; they were about to go out of control, but what looked at a certain point like an imminent clash, incredible in terms of scale and passion, was successfully avoided without bloodshed. the risk that the soviet army might be provoked into a response was neutralized. the inevitable divorce with the “countries of popular democracy” was not overshadowed by violence. under gorbachev, nothing happened like czechoslovakia in 1968, afghanistan in 1979, or the violent crackdown against the russian parliament in 1993.
i will not downgrade the discussion to the level of those who accuse gorbachev of treason. but i must admit some reproaches are an expression of sincere concern about the country. mainly, they stem from the bitter recognition that we lost the competition between two social systems. but those responsible for the failure should be looked for not in 1985, but much earlier. indeed, is there a point in our past when one could say without hesitation that before that everything was fine?
the problems gorbachev had to address had piled up over decades of deficient governance. the historical dispute between capitalism and socialism (to be more precise, its unsuccessful model) had been lost long before gorbachev. he was merely bargaining over conditions of concluding peace, because the competition had acquired a shape of the cold war with all its materialistic background like the arms race, declared to be a form of class struggle. and gorbachev was compelled to carry on diplomatic bargaining abroad when the internal struggle flames were about to envelop the house.
emerging from the authoritarian matrix
there is another “what if” question: did gorbachev do the right thing by ending the cold war? i have heard some critics say: “just a bit more and the americans would have lost, if not for gorbachev who saved them.” apparently what they had in mind was that our huge military potential was really not inferior to that of the u.s. thanks god, no one dared check this in practice. but one aspect of parity was not enough. in all other respects we lost. we lost without a single shot fired, to be more precise, without a single missile launched. incidentally, that kept “winding up” the post-soviet establishment – it had certainly not suffered a military defeat (by contrast, the u.s. establishment, which never had a chance to experience what war is like, developed the delusion that it was omnipotent, which led it to afghanistan and iraq.) but if dreams of revanche are brushed aside, if our target is peace, gorbachev did everything right.
eastern europe’s drift away from us – and let me reiterate, not against the will of the people of those countries, but of their strong desire – worked towards peaceful development. it was hardly a loss, rather it was a relief from a burden, since in our “empire” we contrived to generate more losses than gains. reconciliation with germany, our most important partner of all the western countries, also worked towards peaceful development. so did the exit from confrontation with the u.s. and its allies, and normalization of relations with china. from the standpoint of peace prospects, the outcome of the end of the cold war was quite acceptable for russia.
it is an entirely different matter as to how the opportunities for a peaceful russian-western cooperation that opened up in the early 1990s were used and what has taken us to the crisis of 2014. this is a separate topic for discussion. but even that crisis could have been far more serious if not for the positive experience of overcoming acute situations, and the experience of cooperation in the post-perestroika years in trade, economy and other spheres, which soared to new highs after the end of the cold war.
gorbachev’s approaches might look somewhat idealistic. to his critics they looked even naive. but this was noble idealism. it heralded a u-turn away from a class ideology. its projection to international relations implied an antagonistic struggle between two social systems until the opponent was annihilated. gorbachev’s idea was to replace the concept that relied on division and enmity with the priority of common humanitarian values, social justice, and the emergence of a democratic world order.
gorbachev’s idealism by no means interfered with his quite pragmatic foreign policy. in fact, it was rather helpful, for it prompted thoughts about the future and also encouraged “breakthrough” ideas.
gorbachev’s new thinking cropped up on fertile soil. it derived strength from the firm wish of the advanced section of society to work for the sake of the people and to make government policies serve the people’s interests. it continued in more advanced forms – the khrushchev thaw in international relations and the easing of tensions of the early brezhnev era. manuscripts do not burn. good ideas do not vanish without a trace.
and still, in my opinion, president gorbachev’s greatest merit lies outside the realm of foreign policy. it is the rare and, unfortunately, unused chance that his perestroika gave russia. it was a great and bold attempt to pull russia out of the authoritarian matrix dating back to the mongol yoke. to reform the country without oppressing the people and squeezing them to the last drop the way emperor peter i and stalin did, and give them the rights and opportunity to build their own lives. it was a unique attempt, because not a single person before or after gorbachev has offered the nation the choice of stepping off the track the country had trodden for centuries.
now we are back on the same track again. where will it take us? no optimistic prospects are in sight.
gorbachev and his team were well aware that like the paris commune of 1871 they would have to “storm the heavens.” the strategy of perestroika confronted a robust system. just a few figures say it all: during the years of stagnation (1971-1984) the staff of the bureaucratic machinery grew by 4.6 million to 17.7 million in september 1985. it was a united, experienced army with no scruples, and well aware of what it was fighting for. one has to admit that the perestroika leadership chose rather mild measures in their struggle with bureaucracy and its vanguard, the privileged class of functionaries and administrators. it was believed that cutting the roots would be far better than aggressive purges. but the nomenklatura was very resourceful in inventing ways of resistance. the ruling elites headed by russian president yeltsin decided the fate of perestroika and gorbachev. they won the struggle for power.
as soon as they saw the real strength of the ruling nomenklatura class, the leaders of perestroika thought it might be a good idea to seek support from the public at large and from constructive grassroots initiatives. but they hardly suspected to what extent society had been crippled by decades of hardships, poverty, and purposeful, deliberate brainwashing. the people are not to blame for being subjected to monstrous experiments. but gorbachev’s firm belief that the people “stand solidly for perestroika” was a delusion, however sad this recognition may sound.
the leaders of perestroika never managed to achieve in-depth realization of what kind of society had been built, something yuri andropov had called for in his day. setting in motion a country that by and large was unprepared for reform and accustomed to the previous placid existence and unaware of the perils of stagnation required far more time than was available in reality. in march 1987 gorbachev thought “we shall achieve the first results in three-four years’ time, if we manage to hold on.”
regrettably, the demagogues and populists were able to derive more benefits for themselves than those who had brought perestroika and glasnost into existence. it was an illustration of the classical pattern at work – some stand up for the people, while the people prefer to follow somebody else. those who by and large do not care about the people. power and money are their sole beacon.
contrary to what incompetent propagandists keep saying, it was not gorbachev who ruined the soviet union, but the top of the state machinery who revolted against his democratic reforms. boris yeltsin’s deadly enmity played a disastrous role. leonid kravchuk, the former ideology chief of the communist party in ukraine, made the second largest personal contribution to the breakup of the soviet union. ancient romans in such cases used to ask “cui bono?” (“to whose benefit?”). it was the top tier of the political and economic bureaucracy that benefited the most from the fall of the soviet union.
people are gradually developing an awareness of what happened. according to opinion polls conducted at the end of 2012, only 18 percent blamed the soviet union’s breakup on gorbachev compared to 45 percent twenty years ago. there is a growing understanding that perestroika released long-simmering negative energy and prevented internal cataclysms. it is noteworthy that well-educated people generally approve of perestroika.
i hope that in the long term the just and fair attitude towards gorbachev will gain the upper hand. i agree with russian political scientist dmitry furman, who wrote: “gorbachev was the only politician in russian history who, having all power in his hands, consciously agreed to its limitation for the sake of ideal moral values, although by doing so he ran the risk of losing it altogether.”
one of russia’s characteristics has often been a tight alliance of political and economic machinery, on the one hand, and of the omnipotent class of state bureaucracy, on the other. yet there have been attempts to curb it: stalin used purges, and khrushchev and gorbachev implemented reforms. in that respect there has definitely been an unmistakable pullback away from gorbachev’s innovations. the arbitrariness of bureaucracy, corruption, and other forms of parasitism are now stronger than ever.
i would like to end these notes with a quote from my preferred writer venedikt yerofeyev, who tried to predict our future in 1989: “russia has no joy about anything; nor does anyone feel sad, in fact. it is rather in anticipation of some kind of still vague-looking grandiose filth; most probably, a return to the infamies of the past.”
in short, gorbachev warmed our souls, now again...
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ɔn ðə ˈrisənt (ˈbihəməθ) θrɛd ðət bɪˈgæn æt biɪŋ geɪ æt ˈbiˈwaɪˈju ənd ˈwɑndərd ɔf ɪn ˈɛvəri dɪˈrɛkʃɪn frəm ðɛr, ɪt wɑz pʊt fɔrθ ðət pərˈhæps ɑr ˈtaɪðɪŋ ˈdɔlərz hæv bɪn ər ər biɪŋ juzd ɪn ˈvɛriəs weɪz tɪ fənd pəˈlɪtɪkəl ˈnoʊtəbli ɪn əv ðə ˌligələˈzeɪʃən əv geɪ ˈmɛrɪʤ. səm smɔl dɪˈskəʃən ɪnˈsud ɔn ðət θrɛd, bət ɪt wɑz (nɑt səˈpraɪzɪŋli) krəʃt baɪ ðə greɪt wil əv ðət ənˈwildi ˌkɑnvərˈseɪʃən, ənd bɪˈkəz aɪ θɪŋk ən ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt ɪˈnəf ˈɪʃu tɪ ə θrɛd əv ɪts oʊn, aɪ prəˈpoʊz ðət wi teɪk əp ðə ˈmætər mɔr spəˈsɪfɪkli hir. ʤɪst leɪ ɪt aʊt ðɛr. ðə aɪˈdiə əv maɪ ˈtaɪðɪŋ ˈməni goʊɪŋ tɪ pəˈlɪtɪkəl ˈpərpəsɪz ˈbɑðərz mi. ə lɔt. aɪ æm əˈʃeɪmd tɪ ədˈmɪt ðət ə ˌpɑsəˈbɪləˌti ðət ˈrɪli əˈkərd tɪ mi ˌbiˈfɔr. əv kɔrs bɪn əˈwɛr ðət ðə ʧərʧ həz θroʊn ɪts kæp ˈɪntu ðə pəˈlɪtɪkəl ərˈinə (dɪˈspaɪt ɔl ðə ˈlɛtərz rɛd ˈoʊvər ðə ˈpʊlpɪt iʧ ˈvoʊtɪŋ ˈsizən ˈkleɪmɪŋ ˈəðərˌwaɪz). ðət fækt ɪz ˈtrəbəlsəm ɪˈnəf ɔn ɪts ˈoʊnli bɪˈkəz aɪ tɛnd tɪ əˈgri məʧ wɪθ ðə pəˈlɪtɪkəl ˈstænsɪz ðə ˌɪnstɪˈtuʃən ˌdɪˈsaɪdz tɪ teɪk, bət bɪˈkəz aɪ ˈpərsənəli θɪŋk ə pleɪs ɪz ɪn ˈpɑləˌtɪks æt ɔl. bət tɪ θɪŋk ðət ðə ʧərʧ maɪt bi ˈjuzɪŋ maɪ 10 tɪ səˈpɔrt ˈkɔzɪz tɪ wɪʧ aɪ wʊd ˈnɛvər ˈnoʊɪŋli ˈdoʊˌneɪt meɪks mi fil ə bit…well…icky*. bɪˈkəz aɪ hæv ˈɛni ˈnɑlɪʤ ɔn ðə ˈsəbʤɪkt, aɪ pʊt ðə ˈfɑloʊɪŋ kˈwɛsʧənz tɪ ɔl əv ju: 1 ɪz ðɪs tru? (baɪ wɪʧ aɪ səˈpoʊz aɪ min ɪz ðɛr ˈɛni trænˈspɛrənsi ɔn ðə ˈsəbʤɪkt əv haʊ ˈtaɪðɪŋ fəndz ər ˈæləˌkeɪtɪd?) 2 ɪf soʊ, haʊ ɪz ɪt ˈpɑsəbəl fər ə nɑnˈprɑfət ˌɔrgənəˈzeɪʃən tɪ du səʧ ə θɪŋ wɪˈθaʊt ˈhævɪŋ ɪts ˈstætəs rɪˈvoʊkt? 3 ˈɔlsoʊ ɪf soʊ, ɪz ðɛr ˈɛniˌθɪŋ wi ɛz ˌɪndəˈvɪʤəwəlz kən du tɪ ɪnˈʃʊr ðət ɑr goʊ spəˈsɪfɪkli ənd ˈoʊnli təˈwɔrd θɪŋz laɪk ðə ˈbɪldɪŋ əv ˈbɪldɪŋz ənd ˈtɛmpəlz, wɔrd ˈbəʤɪts, sɔrts əv θɪŋz wɪʧ aɪ hæd ˈɔlˌweɪz θɔt ˈtaɪðɪŋ ˈfəndɪd? 4 ənd ˈfaɪnəli, dɪz ðə əˈpɛrənt læk əv trænˈspɛrənsi ɔn ðɪs ˈsəbʤɪkt ˈbɑðər ˈɛni əv ju ɛz məʧ ɛz ɪt dɪz mi? tɪ bi dən əˈbaʊt ɪt? ənd pliz pliz pliz tərn ðɪs ˈɪntu əˈnəðər dɪˈskəʃən əv waɪ geɪ ˈmɛrɪʤ ʃʊd ər ʃʊd nɑt bi ˈligəl. θæŋk ju.
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on the recent (behemoth) thread that began at being gay at byu and wandered off in every conceiveable direction from there, it was put forth that perhaps our tithing dollars have been or are being used in various ways to fund political campaigns–most notably in oppostion of the legalization of gay marriage.
some small discussion ensued on that thread, but it was (not surprisingly) crushed by the great wheel of that unwieldy conversation, and because i think an important enough issue to warrent a thread of its own, i propose that we take up the matter more specifically here.
i’ll just lay it out there. the idea of my tithing money going to political purposes bothers me. a lot.
i am ashamed to admit that a possibility that hadn’t really occurred to me before. of course i’ve been aware that the church has thrown its cap into the political arena (despite all the letters read over the pulpit each voting season claiming otherwise). that fact is troublesome enough on its own–not only because i don’t tend to agree much with the political stances the institution decides to take, but because i personally don’t think a church’s place is in politics at all.
but to think that the church might be using my faithfully-given 10% to support causes to which i would never knowingly donate makes me feel a bit…well…icky.
because i don’t have any knowledge on the subject, i put the following questions to all of you:
1) is this true? (by which i suppose i mean is there any transparency on the subject of how tithing funds are allocated?)
2) if so, how is it possible for a nonprofit organization to do such a thing without having its 501(c)3 status revoked?
3) also if so, is there anything we as individuals can do to ensure that our tithes go specifically and only toward things like the building of buildings and temples, ward budgets, etc–the sorts of things which i had always thought tithing funded?
4) and finally, does the apparent lack of transparency on this subject bother any of you as much as it does me? what’s to be done about it?
and please please please don’t let’s turn this into another discussion of why gay marriage should or should not be legal. thank you.
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frəm prəˈfɛʃənəl ʃɛfs tɪ ðə moʊst ˈbeɪsɪk əv ˈkʊkɪŋ ˈnɑvəsɪz, ˈʤɛnjuˌaɪn noʊ ðət ðə ki tɪ əˈmeɪzɪŋ milz kəmz wɪθ frɛʃ ˌɪnˈgridiənts ənd ˌhaɪkˈwɑləti ˈkɪʧən juˈtɛnsəlz. haʊ ʃɑrp? ˈreɪzər ʃɑrp! ə ʃɑrp naɪf ɪz ə seɪf naɪf. ə ˈbælənst bleɪd ənd gʊd weɪt ˈləgʒəri ʃɛfs naɪf wɪl kəm wɪθ ə ləgˈʒəriəs ˈwʊdən bɑks. ˌɪnˈspaɪərd baɪ ˈmɑdərn ɑrt, ɑr ˈkətɪŋ bɔrd həz bɪn kriˈeɪtɪd wɪθ θri taɪps əv wʊd tɪ gɪv ɪts ɛsˈθɛtɪk əˈpil. ðə kənˈstrəkʃən ɪz ən ˈbʊʧər blɑk meɪd wɪθ ˈɔrəˌgɑn blæk ˈwɔlˌnət, ˈmeɪpəl, ənd oʊk wʊdz ðɛn tɔp ˈkoʊtɪd wɪθ ən ɔɪld, fud seɪf ˈfɪnɪʃ. ə mægˈnɛtɪk strɪp rənz daʊn ðə ˈsɛnər əv ðə blɑk tɪ hoʊld naɪvz ɪn pleɪs fər iz əv ˈstɔrɪʤ. ðə ˈkətɪŋ bɔrd kən bi stoʊd əˈweɪ ˈsɪtɪŋ ɔn ɪts flæt ˈsərfəs, ər ɔn ɪts saɪd fər speɪs ɪˈfɪʃənsi. tɪ prɪˈvɛnt fud frəm biɪŋ stək ɪn ðə blɑk, wi hæv ˈædɪd ən ˈɛkstrə slɑt ɔn ðə ˈɑpəzɪt ɛnd tɪ hɛlp wɪθ ɛr ˈsərkjəˌleɪʃən ənd iz əv ˈklinɪŋ. soʊ goʊ əˈhɛd ənd stɔr jʊr naɪvz əˈweɪ... ənd ɪf fud gɪts lɑʤd ˌɪnˈsaɪd gɪv ɪt ə gʊd nɑk, ðə ˈpɑrtɪkəlz wɪl fɔl aʊt! ə ˌkɑmbəˈneɪʃən əv prəˈfɛʃənəl ʃɛfs ənd ˈmæstər ˈkræftsmɛn hæv prəˈvaɪdɪd ðɛr ˌɛkspərˈtiz ɪn ðə kənˈstrəkʃən, dɪˈzaɪn, ənd riˌlaɪəˈbɪləti əv iʧ ˈkətɪŋ bɔrd. stænd ðə ˈkətɪŋ bɔrd ˈəˌpraɪt fər ən ˈɪnstənt speɪs ˈseɪvər ənd ˈbjutəfəl naɪf ˈstɔrɪʤ ˈsɪstəm. əˈtɛnʃən: wi du nɑt hæv ˈɛni kənˈtroʊl ˈoʊvər ˈnæʧərəl wʊd ˈkələr. ˈnæʧərəl wʊd ˈvɛri ɪn ˈkələr ˈoʊvər taɪm, du tɪ ˌɑksəˈdeɪʃən ər ɪkˈspoʊʒər tɪ ˈɑksɪʤən. wi wɛnt ˈɪntu greɪt ˈditeɪl ɪn ˈrisərʧ ənd ˈplænɪŋ tɪ kriˈeɪtɪŋ ə naɪf ənd ˈkətɪŋ blɑk ðət nɑt ˈoʊnli wərks ənd filz əˈmeɪzɪŋ bət ˈɔlsoʊ lʊks ˈbjutəfəl ɪn jʊr ˈkɪʧən. wi hæv ˈtɛstɪd ɑr naɪf ənd ˈkətɪŋ bɔrd wɪθ boʊθ prəˈfɛʃənəl ʃɛfs ənd hoʊm kʊks tɪ dɪˈvɛləp ə ˈprɑdəkt ðət filz ˌɪnˈtuətɪv fər ˈɛvriˌwən. ˈtɛstɪd, rivˈjud ənd əˈpruvd baɪ ʃɛf ghargharechil*. ʃɛf æt glowbal*, ənd (ˈrɛˌstrɑnts ˈloʊˌkeɪtəd ɪn vænˈkuvər, ˈbrɪtɪʃ kəˈləmbiə) bɪˈkəm ə ˈbækər əv ðɪs ˈprɑʤɛkt ənd pɪk ə rɪˈwɔrd. ju wɪl ɛˈsɛnʃəli bi wən əv ɑr nu ˈkətləri ˈprɑdəkts. jul gɪt ə ˈspɛʃəl ˈbækər ˈdɪskaʊnt, ənd rɪˈsiv ɑr ˈprɑdəkts ˌbiˈfɔr ɪt ɪz əˈveɪləbəl ɪn stɔrz. wɔnt tɪ baɪ mɔr ðən wən? ʧɛk aʊt ɔl rɪˈwɔrdz add-ons*. haʊ tɪ bæk ʧuz ə rɪˈwɔrd ˈlɛvəl tɪ bæk ðɪs ˈprɑʤɛkt! ju wɪl rɪˈsiv ˈaɪtəmz ˈsteɪtɪd ɪn ˈditeɪlz. wi hæv 8 rɪˈwɔrd ˈlɛvəlz tɪ pɪk frəm. baɪ ˌɪnˈkrisɪŋ jʊr plɛʤ tɪ ðə əˈmaʊnt ˈspɛsəˌfaɪd ɔn ðə ˈmɛnju (ʃoʊn bɪˈloʊ), ju wɪl hæv ðə ˈɔpʃən tɪ ˈpərʧəs ɑr ˈəðər vaɪ bɛlz ˈprɑdəkts wɪθ jʊr rɪˈwɔrd. ɪf ðɛr ɪz ə ˈprɑdəkt ju doʊnt si ɔn ðə ˈmɛnju bət wɪʃ tɪ, ˌɪnkˈwaɪr wɪθ ˈjuˈɛs ənd wi wɪl wərk ˈsəmθɪŋ aʊt ˈæftər ɑr kæmˈpeɪn ɛndz. ɔl ˈditeɪlz laɪk ˈʃɪpɪŋ ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən ənd spɪˈsɪfɪks wɪl bi kəˈlɛktəd ˈæftər ðɪs kæmˈpeɪn həz ˈɛndɪd. [ˈæftər ðə kæmˈpeɪn həz ˈɛndɪd, ɔl ˈbækərz wɪl rɪˈsiv ə fɔrm tɪ kəmˈplit wɪʧ ɪnˈteɪlz ˈʃɪpɪŋ ˈæˌdrɛs, seɪlz tæks (ɪf ðə ˌdɛstɪˈneɪʃən ˈæˌdrɛs ɪz ɪn ˈkænədə), ˈʃɪpɪŋ ˈʧɑrʤɪz ənd ɔl ˈditeɪlz kˈwɑntətiz tɪ ðɛr ˈɛkstrə ˈplɛʤɪz əˈmaʊnt.] ˈʃɪpɪŋ kɔsts wɪl bi ʧɑrʤd æt ðə ɛnd əv ðə kæmˈpeɪn fər ˈækjərəsi ənd ˈdɪˌskaʊnɪd ˈʃɪpɪŋ reɪts ɪf ˈæpləkəbəl. dəˈmɛstɪk: ɪf jʊr ɪn ðə ˈkænədə, wɪl bi ˈʃɪpɪŋ jʊr ˈpækɪʤ aʊt əv ɑr vænˈkuvər fʊlˈfɪlmənt ˈsɛnər ˈjuzɪŋ ə graʊnd ˈsərvɪs ˈkænədə poʊst ər ˈfɛˈdɛks dɪˈpɛndɪŋ ɔn ˌdɛstɪˈneɪʃən ənd ˈʃɪpmənt saɪz). ðiz ˈpækɪʤɪz wɪl hæv ˈtrækɪŋ ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən ðət wɪl wərk wɪˈθɪn ðə ˈkænədə. noʊt kəˈneɪdiən ˈkəstəmərz, wi wɪl kəˈlɛkt seɪlz tæks æt ðə kloʊz əv ðə kæmˈpeɪn. ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl: ˈɔrdərz wɪl ʃɪp frəm wən əv ɑr 3 ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl ˈwɛˌrhaʊzɪz ˈloʊˌkeɪtəd ɪn ˈjuˈɛs, uk*, ənd hɔŋ kɔŋg. ɪn ˈɔrdər tɪ seɪv ɑr ˈbækərz ˈkɔstli ˈdutiz ənd ˈtæksɪz, vaɪ bɛlz ɪz goʊɪŋ tɪ bi ˌɪmˈpɔrtɪŋ ɔl əv ɑr ˈprɑdəkts ˈɪntu ðiz ˈkəntriz praɪər tɪ ˈʃɪpɪŋ ðɛm tɪ ju. (*ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl ˈkəstəmərz ər riˈspɑnsəbəl fər ˈdutiz ʧɑrʤd baɪ ðɛr rɪˈspɛktɪv ˈkəntriz. ˈvɪzɪt https://www.dutycalculator.com*/ tɪ ˈkælkjəˌleɪt əˈprɑksəˌmeɪt ˈdutiz.) ðɪs minz ðət jʊr ˈʃɪpmənts: 1 woʊnt ˌrikˈwaɪər ˈtæksɪz ər ˈdutiz ɪn ˈjuˈɛs, ənd (ˈəðər ˈkəntriz meɪ hæv ˈæpləkəbəl duties/taxes*, pliz ʧɛk wɪθ jʊr ˈkəstəmz ˈɔfəs fər spɪˈsɪfɪk ˈditeɪlz) 2 wɪl əraɪv kˈwɪkli ənd nɑt gɪt hɛld əp ɪn ˈkəstəmz. 3 meɪ hæv ˈtrækɪŋ, bət meɪ nɑt ˌgɛrənˈti (dɪˈpɛndɪŋ ɔn ðə ˌpɑˈtɪkjələr poʊst ˈsərvɪs, əv wɪʧ ðɛr ər tu ˈmɛni juzd tɪ neɪm). moʊst ˈkɑmənli fər ənd ˈeɪʒən ˈbækərz, rɔɪəl meɪl ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl ər hɔŋ kɔŋg poʊst wɪl bi juzd. noʊt ðət wi ˈkænɑt ˈɔltər ðə ˈvælju əv jʊr rɪˈwɔrdz ɔn ˈkəstəmz ˌdɛklərˈeɪʃənz ðə ˈvælju wɪl bi dɪˈklɛrd ɛz ðə ˈtoʊtəl ˈvælju əv ðə ˈaɪtəmz kənˈteɪnd ɪn ðə ˈʃɪpmənt. æt ðɪs taɪm ɑr ˈʃɪpɪŋ ˈpɑrtnərz ər əˈneɪbəl tɪ ʃɪp tɪ poʊ ˈbɑksɪz ər ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri ˈæˈdrɛsɪz soʊ ju wɪl nid tɪ prəˈvaɪd ə strit ˈæˌdrɛs. ɪf ju prəˈvaɪd ə poʊ bɑks ər ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri ˈæˌdrɛs, ɪt wɪl dɪˈleɪ ˈʃɪpmənt əv jʊr ˈaɪtəmz. ˈɔlsoʊ, wi ˈkænɑt du dɪˈrɛkt ˈpɪˌkəps əv rɪˈwɔrdz. ɑr ˈʃɪpɪŋ ˈsɪstəm ɪz ˈhaɪli ˈɔtəˌmeɪtɪd ənd dɪˈzaɪnd tɪ gɪt lɑrʤ kˈwɑntətiz əv ˈprɑdəkt tɪ ˈpipəl kˈwɪkli ənd ˈækjərətli, bət ɪt ɪz nɑt dɪˈzaɪnd fər ˈmænjuəl ˈpɪˌkəp. ɔl vaɪ bɛlz ˈprɑdəkts ˈkɛri ə ˈlɪmɪtɪd ˈlaɪfˌtaɪm ˌgɛrənˈti. ɪn ˈɔrdər tɪ əˈphoʊld ɑr kˈwɑləti ˈstændərdz, iʧ vaɪ belles®*® ˈkətləri ɪz bækt baɪ ə ˈlɪmɪtɪd ˈlaɪfˌtaɪm ˈwɔrənti dɪˈzaɪnd spəˈsɪfɪkli tɪ prəˈtɛkt əˈgɛnst ˈɛni ˈdifɛkts ɪn ˈwərkmənˌʃɪp ər məˈtɪriəl. ˈlaɪfˌtaɪm ˈʃɑrpənɪŋ ənd prəˈtɛktɪŋ ˈsərvɪs ər nɑt ˌɪnˈkludɪd ɪn ðɪs ˈwɔrənti. wi wɪl nɑt ˈwɔrənti ˈprɑdəkts du tɪ lɔs, ˈdæmɪʤ kɔzd baɪ əˈbjuz, nɪˈglɛkt, mɪsˈjuz, ˈæksədənt, ˌɪmˈprɑpər bleɪd ˈʃɑrpənɪŋ ər dis-assembly*. ˈsərtən fudz ər tu hɑrd tɪ bi kət wɪθ ə naɪf ənd ʃʊd bi əˈvɔɪdɪd səʧ ɛz ˈfroʊzən ˈaɪtəmz, boʊnz, ˈʃɛlˌfɪʃ ʃɛlz, hɑrd squashes*, hɑrd ˈʧizɪz, nət ʃɛlz, blɑks əv ˈʧɔklət, ˌɛtˈsɛtərə. dɪˈfɛktɪv naɪvz wɪl bi ˌriˈpleɪst, rɪˈpɛrd, ər rɪˈfəndɪd æt ɑr dɪˈskrɛʃən. waɪl ɔl əv ɑr ˈprɑdəkts ər ˌgɛrənˈtid fər laɪf, wi, ənˈfɔrʧənətli, du nɑt ˈɔfər ˈriˌfəndz ər rɪˈtərnz ɔn ˈaɪtəmz rɪˈsivd ɛz rɪˈwɔrdz. ðə səˈpɔrt wi gɪt frəm ɑr ˈbækərz ɪz wət ɪˈneɪbəlz ˈjuˈɛs tɪ rən ənd groʊ ɑr ˈbɪznɪs, ˈgæðər ˈkəstəmər ˈfidˌbæk, dɪˈzaɪn nu ˈprɑdəkts ənd ˌɪmˈpruv ɪgˈzɪstɪŋ wənz. ɪn ðə kəmˈjunɪti, ðə ˈaɪtəmz ðət ju rɪˈsiv ˈæftər ˈmeɪkɪŋ ə plɛʤ ər rɪˈfərd tɪ ɛz "rɪˈwɔrdz" bɪˈkəz ðeɪ ər nɑt ˈpərʧəsɪz ɪn ðə trəˈdɪʃənəl sɛns. ðeɪ ər gɪfts ɪn ɑr keɪs, ˈkətləri ˈprɑdəkts ðət ər sɛnt tɪ ɑr səˈpɔrtərz ɛz ə ˈtoʊkən əv əˌpriʃiˈeɪʃən fər ðɛr səˈpɔrt əv ɑr ˈbɪznɪs. ɪn ðə seɪm weɪ ðət ˈpəblɪk ˈtɛləˌvɪʒən fəndz ðɛr ˈsərvɪs θru ðə ˈplɛʤɪz əv ðɛr səˈpɔrtərz, hu ɪn tərn rɪˈsiv gɪfts ənd kənˈtɪnjud ˈproʊˌgræmɪŋ, wi hæv ˈʧoʊzən tɪ rən ənd groʊ ɑr ˈbɪznɪs ɔn ə ˈbɪznɪs ˈmɑdəl. wi hæv noʊ ˈaʊtˈsaɪd ˌɪnˈvɛstərz, noʊ ˈrɛvəˌnu goʊlz, noʊ ˈpaʊərˌpɔɪnt ˌprɛzənˈteɪʃənz. ðət minz ɪts ʤɪst ju, ɑr ˈbrɪljəntli skɪld səˈplaɪərz, ənd ˈjuˈɛs. wi gɪt tɪ ˈfoʊkɪs ɔn wət wi ləv tɪ du: dɪˈzaɪnɪŋ ˈbjutəfəl, ˈɪnəˌveɪtɪv ˈprɑdəkts fər foʊks . wi θɪŋk ɪz ə ˈbɛtər weɪ tɪ brɪŋ ˈprɑdəkts tɪ laɪf, fər ˈkəmpəˌniz, ˈkəstəmərz, ənd ðə wərld æt lɑrʤ. wi ˈɔlsoʊ bɪˈliv ðət ɪz nɑt ʤɪst fər ˈstɑrtɪŋ ə ˈbɪznɪs, fər ˈrənɪŋ ə ˈbɪznɪs ənd ˈdraɪvɪŋ kənˈtɪnjud ˌɪnəˈveɪʃən. waɪ? bɪˈkəz pjʊr. ɪt kəˈnɛkts kriˈeɪtərz ənd ˌɪnˈvɛntərz (laɪk vaɪ bɛlz) dɪˈrɛkli wɪθ ˈkəstəmərz hu ʃɛr ðɛr ˈpæʃən (laɪk ɑr ˈbækərz). ɛz ə 100 ˈkəmpəˌni, ðə ˈoʊnli əv directors”*” wi ˈlɪsən tɪ ɪz ɑr ˈbækər ənd ˈkəstəmər beɪs. wi gɪt tɪ spɛnd ɑr taɪm duɪŋ wət wi ləv ˈmeɪkɪŋ stəf ðət ˌɪmˈpruvz lɪvz ənd nɑt ˈspɪnɪŋ ɑr wilz ɔn ˈpaʊərˌpɔɪnt dɛks tɪ kənˈvɪns ə rum fʊl əv ˈvɛnʧər ˈkæpətəlɪsts ðət wi ər ˈhɪtɪŋ ɑr ˈrɛvəˌnu goʊlz. sɪns ɑr naɪf ənd ˈkətɪŋ bɔrd ər kəmˈplitli ˈhænˈmeɪd, ðɛr wɪl bi ˈɛkstrə lɛd taɪm ˈnidɪd tɪ kriˈeɪt ðə ˈprɑdəkts. wi əˈpriʃiˌeɪt jʊr ˈpeɪʃəns!
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from professional chefs to the most basic of cooking novices, genuine foodies know that the key to amazing meals comes with fresh ingredients and high-quality kitchen utensils.
how sharp? razor sharp!
a sharp knife is a safe knife.
a balanced blade and good weight
luxury chef's knife will come with a luxurious wooden box.
inspired by modern art, our double-sided cutting board has been created with three types of wood to give its aesthetic appeal. the construction is an end-grain butcher block made with oregon black walnut, maple, and oak woods then top coated with an oiled, food safe finish.
a magnetic strip runs down the center of the block to hold knives in place for ease of storage. the cutting board can be stowed away sitting on its flat surface, or on its side for space efficiency.
to prevent food from being stuck in the block, we have added an extra slot on the opposite end to help with air circulation and ease of cleaning. so go ahead and store your knives away... and if food gets lodged inside - give it a good knock, the particles will fall out!
a combination of professional chefs and master craftsmen have provided their expertise in the construction, design, and reliability of each cutting board.
stand the cutting board upright for an instant space saver and beautiful knife storage system.
attention: we do not have any control over natural wood color. natural wood vary in color over time, due to oxidation or exposure to oxygen.
we went into great detail in research and planning to creating a knife and cutting block that not only works and feels amazing but also looks beautiful in your kitchen.
we have tested our knife and cutting board with both professional chefs and home cooks to develop a product that feels intuitive for everyone. tested, reviewed and approved by chef maryam ghargharechil.
maryam ghargharechi - chef at glowbal, and black+blue (restaurants located in vancouver, british columbia)
become a backer of this project and pick a reward. you will essentially be pre-ordering one of our new cutlery products. you'll get a special backer discount, and receive our products before it is available in stores. want to buy more than one? check out all rewards & add-ons.
how to back
choose a reward level to back this project! you will receive items stated in details. we have 8 reward levels to pick from.
by increasing your pledge to the amount specified on the add-on menu (shown below), you will have the option to purchase our other vie belles products with your reward. if there is a product you don't see on the menu but wish to add-on, inquire with us and we will work something out after our campaign ends.
all details like shipping information and add-on specifics will be collected after this campaign has ended. [after the campaign has ended, all backers will receive a form to complete which entails shipping address, sales tax (if the destination address is in canada), shipping charges and all add-on details & quantities to their extra pledges amount.]
shipping costs will be charged at the end of the campaign for accuracy and discounted shipping rates if applicable.
domestic: if you're in the canada, we'll be shipping your package out of our vancouver fulfillment center using a ground service canada post or fedex depending on destination and shipment size). these packages will have tracking information that will work within the canada.
note canadian customers, we will collect sales tax at the close of the campaign.
international: non-canadian orders will ship from one of our 3 international warehouses located in us, uk, and hong kong. in order to save our backers costly duties and taxes, vie belles is going to be importing all of our products into these countries prior to shipping them to you. (*international customers are responsible for duties charged by their respective countries. visit https://www.dutycalculator.com/ to calculate approximate duties.)
this means that your shipments:
1. won't require taxes or duties in us, eu and hk (other countries may have applicable duties/taxes, please check with your customs office for specific details)
2. will arrive quickly and not get held up in customs.
3. may have tracking, but may not guarantee (depending on the particular post service, of which there are too many used to name). most commonly for eu and asian backers, royal mail international or hong kong post will be used.
note that we cannot alter the value of your rewards on customs declarations - the value will be declared as the total value of the items contained in the shipment.
at this time our shipping partners are unable to ship to po boxes or apo/fpo military addresses so you will need to provide a street address. if you provide a po box or apo/fpo military address, it will delay shipment of your items.
also, we cannot do direct pickups of rewards. our shipping system is highly automated and designed to get large quantities of product to people quickly and accurately, but it is not designed for manual pick-up.
all vie belles products carry a limited lifetime guarantee. in order to uphold our quality standards, each vie belles® cutlery is backed by a limited lifetime warranty designed specifically to protect against any defects in workmanship or material.
lifetime sharpening and protecting service are not included in this warranty.
we will not warranty products due to loss, damage caused by abuse, neglect, misuse, accident, improper blade sharpening or dis-assembly. certain foods are too hard to be cut with a knife and should be avoided such as frozen items, bones, shellfish shells, hard squashes, hard cheeses, nut shells, blocks of chocolate, etc. defective knives will be replaced, repaired, or refunded at our discretion.
while all of our products are guaranteed for life, we, unfortunately, do not offer refunds or returns on items received as kickstarter rewards.
the support we get from our kickstarter backers is what enables us to run and grow our business, gather customer feedback, design new products and improve existing ones. in the kickstarter community, the items that you receive after making a pledge are referred to as "rewards" because they are not purchases in the traditional sense. they are gifts - in our case, cutlery products - that are sent to our supporters as a token of appreciation for their support of our business. in the same way that public television funds their service through the pledges of their supporters, who in turn receive gifts and continued programming, we have chosen to run and grow our business on a crowdfunded business model.
we have no outside investors, no revenue goals, no powerpoint presentations. that means it's just you, our brilliantly skilled suppliers, and us.
we get to focus on what we love to do: designing beautiful, innovative products for like-minded folks & foodies.
we think crowdfunding is a better way to bring products to life, for companies, customers, and the world at large.
we also believe that kickstarter is not just for starting a business, for running a business and driving continued innovation. why? because pure. it connects creators and inventors (like vie belles) directly with customers who share their passion (like our kickstarter backers). as a 100% crowdfunded company, the only “board of directors” we listen to is our backer and customer base. we get to spend our time doing what we love - making stuff that improves people’s lives - and not spinning our wheels on powerpoint decks to convince a room full of venture capitalists that we are hitting our revenue goals.
since our knife and cutting board are completely handmade, there will be extra lead time needed to create the products. we appreciate your patience!
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ə ˈsɪti ˈwɑʧˌdɔg ɪz ˈʤɔɪnɪŋ ðoʊz æt ˈsɪti hɔl dɪˈmændɪŋ ˈlænˌdlɔrdz kip ðə hit ɔf ɪn ðɛr əˈpɑrtmənt ˈbɪldɪŋz wɪθ ˈtɛmpərəʧərz ɪkˈspɛktɪd tɪ nɪr 40 dɪˈgriz ˈsɛlsiəs wɪθ ðə ˈoʊvər ðə ˈwiˌkɪnd. ɔn ˈfraɪˌdeɪ, ˈɑmbədzmən ˈsuzən riˈlist ə ˈsteɪtmənt ˈæftər hər ˈɔfəs həz bɪn ˈkɑnˌtæktɪd baɪ ˈtɛnənts əˈbaʊt ðə ˈɪʃu. ə bɔɪ rənz θru ðə ˈfaʊntənz æt skwɛr ɔn ˈɔgəst 20 2017 mɔr hɑt ˈwɛðər ɪz ˈkəmɪŋ ðɪs ˈwiˌkɪnd ˈprɑmptɪŋ ðə ˈsɪti tɪ ərʤ ˈlænˌdlɔrdz tɪ kip ɛr kənˈdɪʃənɪŋ ɔn fər ˈtɛnənts. ˈændru ˈfrænsɪs ˈwɔlɪs tərˈɑntoʊ stɑr æm ˈvɛri kənˈsərnd baɪ rɪˈpɔrts ðət səm ˈlænˌdlɔrdz bɪˈliv ðət ðə ˈsɪti rikˈwaɪərz ðɛm tɪ tərn ɔn ðə hit ɪn ðɛr ˈbɪldɪŋz ɛz əv sɛpˈtɛmbər 15 rəˈgɑrdləs əv ðə ˈtɛmpərəʧər outside,”*,” sɛd. ˈprɛzənts ə ril rɪsk tɪ ðə hɛlθ ənd ˈseɪfti əv tenants.”*.” ðət ˈmɛsɪʤ keɪm ʤɪst ˌbiˈfɔr ɪnˈvaɪrənmənt ˈkænədə ˈɪʃud ə hit ˈwɔrnɪŋ fər tərˈɑntoʊ fər ðə ˈwiˌkɪnd. ˈɔfəs, wɪʧ həz ˈoʊvərˌsaɪt əv ˈsɪti ædˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃən, həz ˈɔlsoʊ lɔnʧt ən ɪnkˈwaɪˌri ˈɪntu ˈwɛðər ˈsɪti ˈpɑləsiz ər ˈpræktɪsɪz hæv kənˈtrɪbjutɪd tɪ ðə ˈprɑbləm. ˈɑrtɪkəl kənˈtɪnjud bɪˈloʊ ˈərliər ðɪs wik, ʤɑʃ ənd ʤoʊ hɛld ə prɛs ˈkɑnfərəns ɪn ən ˈɛfərt tɪ riʧ ˈlænˌdlɔrdz hu ðeɪ sɛd ər ˌmɪsəndərˈstændɪŋ ðə rulz. ðə ˈgəvərnɪŋ hit sɛts ə ˈmɪnəməm ˈtɛmpərəʧər əv 21 dɪˈgriz ˈsɛlsiəs bɪtˈwin sɛpt. 15 ənd ʤun 1 bət ɪt dɪz nɑt ˈmænˌdeɪt ə ˈmæksəməm ˈtɛmpərəʧər. ðə rul həz lɛd səm ˈlænˌdlɔrdz, ðə sɛd, tɪ θɪŋk ðeɪ ər ˈɑbləˌgeɪtɪd tɪ ʧeɪnʤ ˈoʊvər frəm ɛr kənˈdɪʃənɪŋ tɪ ˈhitɪŋ ɪn ˈbɪldɪŋz wɪθ ˈsɛntrəˌlaɪzd ɛr. bət ðə ˌrikˈwaɪər ˈlænˌdlɔrdz tɪ swɪʧ frəm koʊld tɪ hɑt, ʤɪst tɪ meɪnˈteɪn ðə ˈmɪnəməm ˈtɛmpərəʧər ˈdʊrɪŋ ðət ˈpɪriəd. ðə, ˈleɪtər ʤɔɪnd baɪ meɪər ʤɑn ˈtɔri ɪn ə ˈmɛsɪʤ ɔn tˈwɪtər, ərʤd ˈlænˌdlɔrdz tɪ juz sense”*” wɪn ˌdɪˈsaɪdɪŋ wɪn tɪ swɪʧ ˈoʊvər. ðə læk əv ˈklɛrɪti ɪn ðə ˈbaɪˌlɔ həz lɛft ənd ˈtɛnənts ˈlɑbiɪŋ ˌɪndəˈvɪʤəwəl ˈlænˌdlɔrdz. ˈrɛzɪdənts æt 44 ˈɑˌveɪ., ˈmɛni ˈsinjərz, hu ˌriˈpɔrtəd ðɛr ɛr kənˈdɪʃənɪŋ hæd bɪn tərnd ɔf ənd wər ˈsəfərɪŋ ˌɪnˈsaɪd ðɛr taʊər nɪr st*. ənd st*. klɛr ˈɑˌveɪ. ɪn wɔrd 22 (st*. paul’s*) hæd ðə ɛr kənˈdɪʃənɪŋ rɪˈstɔrd baɪ ˈmænɪʤmənt ɔn ˈθərzˌdeɪ ˈæftər ˈprɛʃər frəm ðə ˈɔfəs. ˈɑrtɪkəl kənˈtɪnjud bɪˈloʊ, hu həz bɪn ˈæskɪŋ fər ə ˌrivˈju əv ðə ˈbaɪˌlɔ sɪns 2012 sɪz ðət ˈprɑbləm ˈdɛmənˌstreɪts ðə ˈbaɪˌlɔ məst bi ʧeɪnʤd. əˈmɛndmənts, hi sɛd, kʊd ˌɪnˈklud ˈlɛʤɪsˌleɪtɪŋ ə ˈmæksəməm ˈtɛmpərəʧər, ˈmuvɪŋ ðə deɪt fər ðə ˈmɪnəməm ˈtɛmpərəʧər rɪkˈwaɪrmənt ˈkloʊzər tɪ ɑkˈtoʊbər, ər ˈgɪvɪŋ ðə ˈmɛdɪkəl ˈɔfɪsər əv hɛlθ ðə ˈmænˌdeɪt tɪ əˈʤəst ðə deɪt ɛz rikˈwaɪərd. ˈsɪti həz ə riˌspɑnsəˈbɪləti tɪ ɪnˈʃʊr ðət ðɛr ˈbaɪˌlɔz ər ɛz klɪr ɛz ˈpɑsəbəl tɪ prɪˈvɛnt ˈɛni ˌpɑsəˈbɪləˌti əv mɪsɪnˌtərprəˈteɪʃən ənd ðət ɪt mits ɪts objectives,”*,” sɛd ˈfraɪˌdeɪ. θɪŋk fɛr tɪ seɪ ðət, ʤɪst ˈgɪvɪn ðə rɪˈzəlt, ðət ðɪs ˈbaɪˌlɔ gʊd enough.”*.” ˈʤiərdi dɛnt, ɪgˈzɛkjətɪv dɪˈrɛktər əv ðə ˌfɛdərˈeɪʃən əv ˈmɛˌtroʊ ˈtɛnənts' əˌsoʊʃiˈeɪʃənz, sɛd ðə ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃən baɪ ðə ˈɑmbədzmən ɪz ˈwɛlkəm. ““honestly*, wən əv ðə θɪŋz wi wɔnt tɪ si ənd ðət ˈpəblɪk hɛlθ lʊkt æt ðɪs jɪr ɪz ə ˈmæksəməm ˈtɛmpərəʧər bylaw,”*,” hi sɛd, ˈædɪŋ ənˈklɪr haʊ məʧ əv ðə ˈprɑbləm ɪz bɪˈkəz ðə rulz ər ənˈklɪr ər bɪˈkəz ˈlænˌdlɔrdz ər ˈlʊkɪŋ tɪ seɪv ˈməni. haɪ steɪks stəf. ðɪs ʤɪst əˈnɔɪəns ər ə ˈdɪfɪˌkəlti, goʊɪŋ tɪ kɪl people,”*,” dɛnt sɛd. ðə ˈɑmbədzmən ɪz ɪnˈkərəʤɪŋ ˈtɛnənts ənd ˈlænˌdlɔrdz tɪ ˈkɑnˌtækt hər ˈɔfəs æt ər [email protected]*.
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a city watchdog is joining those at city hall demanding landlords keep the heat off in their apartment buildings with temperatures expected to near 40 degrees celsius with the humidex over the weekend. on friday, ombudsman susan opler released a statement after her office has been contacted by tenants about the re-occurring issue.
a boy runs through the fountains at yonge-dundas square on august 20, 2017. more hot weather is coming this weekend prompting the city to urge landlords to keep air conditioning on for tenants. ( andrew francis wallace / toronto star )
“i am very concerned by reports that some landlords believe that the city requires them to turn on the heat in their buildings as of september 15, regardless of the temperature outside,” opler said. “this presents a real risk to the health and safety of tenants.” that message came just before environment canada issued a heat warning for toronto for the weekend. opler’s office, which has oversight of city administration, has also launched an enquiry into whether city policies or practices have contributed to the problem.
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earlier this week, councillors josh matlow and joe mihevc held a press conference in an effort to reach landlords who they said are misunderstanding the city’s rules. the city’s by-law governing heat sets a minimum temperature of 21 degrees celsius between sept. 15 and june 1 but it does not mandate a maximum temperature. the rule has led some landlords, the councillors said, to think they are obligated to change over from air conditioning to heating in buildings with centralized air. but the by-law doesn’t require landlords to switch from cold to hot, just to maintain the minimum temperature during that period. the councillors, later joined by mayor john tory in a message on twitter, urged landlords to use “common sense” when deciding when to switch over.
the lack of clarity in the bylaw has left councillors and tenants lobbying individual landlords. residents at 44 jackes ave., many seniors, who reported their air conditioning had been turned off and were suffering inside their tower near yonge st. and st. clair ave. in matlow’s ward 22 (st. paul’s) had the air conditioning restored by management on thursday after pressure from the councillor’s office.
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matlow, who has been asking for a review of the bylaw since 2012, says that problem demonstrates the bylaw must be changed. amendments, he said, could include legislating a maximum temperature, moving the date for the minimum temperature requirement closer to october, or giving the city’s medical officer of health the mandate to adjust the date as required. “the city has a responsibility to ensure that their bylaws are as clear as possible to prevent any possibility of misinterpretation and that it meets its objectives,” matlow said friday. “i think fair to say that, just given the result, that this bylaw isn’t good enough.” geordie dent, executive director of the federation of metro tenants' associations, said the investigation by the ombudsman is welcome. “honestly, one of the things we want to see and that public health looked at this year is a maximum temperature bylaw,” he said, adding unclear how much of the problem is because the rules are unclear or because landlords are looking to save money. “it’s high stakes stuff. this isn’t just annoyance or a difficulty, going to kill people,” dent said. the ombudsman is encouraging tenants and landlords to contact her office at 416-392-7062 or [email protected].
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ˈpɑrkɪŋ ˈmitərz əˈlɔŋ ðə ˈbɪziəst strɪp əv ˈmædɪsən ˈævəˌnu ðɪs ˈhɑlɪˌdeɪ ˈsizən wɪl bi leɪst wɪθ ˈvaɪbrənt sˈwɛtərz, ɪn ðɪs ˈvɛri ˈneɪbərˌhʊd. ən ɑrt ðət həz bɪn əraʊnd fər ˈhənərdz əv jɪrz, ˈnɪtɪŋ. ənd ɪn ðə ˈəpər ˈmædɪsən ˌɪmˈpruvmənt grup hæv ʧeɪnʤd əp ðɛr ˈmɪʃən əv ˈmeɪkɪŋ sˈwɛtərz fər triz ɔn ˈəpər ˈmædɪsən ˈævəˌnu, ʤɪst tu jɪrz əˈgoʊ. ðɪs jɪr, vərˈʤɪnjə ˈhæmər, ˈprɛzɪdənt əv ðə paɪn hɪlz ˈneɪbərˌhʊd əˌsoʊʃiˈeɪʃən ɪz ˈwərkɪŋ ɔn ə nu ˈprɑʤɛkt, ˈnɪtɪŋ sˈwɛtərz fər ˈpɑrkɪŋ ˈmitərz. sˈwɪʧɪŋ frəm triz tɪ ˈpɑrkɪŋ ˈmitərz wɑz ən ˈizi dɪˈsɪʒən, sɛd ˈhæmər. wɔnt tɪ rɪˈpit ðə tri ˈprɑʤɛkt ənd ˈwɔntɪd ˈsəmθɪŋ ə ˈlɪtəl lɛs taɪm kənˈsumɪŋ, soʊ ðə ˈpɑrkɪŋ ˈmitərz wər perfect.”*.” ðoʊz ˈmitərz ər əˈməŋ ðə city-wide*, wɪʧ brɪŋ ɪn bɪtˈwin ənd ˈmɪljən ɪn ˈrɛvəˌnu ˈænjuəli, əˈkɔrdɪŋ ʃɔn pɑlɑˈdinoʊ əv ðə ˈɔlbəni ˈpɑrkɪŋ əˈθɔrəti. fər ˈhæmər ənd hər ˈhəzbənd, ʤɑn, ðə ˈmitərz pərˈzɛnəd ən ˌɑpərˈtunəti ənd ðeɪ spɛnt məʧ əv ðɛr 2014 ˈwɪntər ˈnɪtɪŋ. ɪn fækt, ðeɪ spən ə ˈtoʊtəl əv 80 jɑrdz ˈɔlˌmoʊst ðə lɛŋθ əv ə ˈfʊtˌbɔl fild. ðə ɑrˈtɪstɪk ˈkəpəl wɔnts ðɪs ˈprɑʤɛkt tɪ min məʧ mɔr ðən ʤɪst ə sˈwɛtər. wɔnt ˈpipəl tɪ seɪ wət ə nit θɪŋ, ənd wət ə nit ˈneɪbərˌhʊd ðɪs ɪz, ənd lʊk æt ðoʊz oʊld ˈpipəl ˈoʊvər ðɛr duɪŋ ˈsəmθɪŋ funky,”*,” ʤɑn ˈhæmər sɛd, ˈlæfɪŋ. ðə rɪˈtaɪrd prəˈfɛsər frəm ˈrəsəl seɪʤ ˈkɑlɪʤ, bɪˈgæn ˈnɪtɪŋ wɪn hi wɑz ə ˈlɪtəl bɔɪ ɪn bərˈlɪn, ˈʤərməni. ən ənˈkɑmən thing,”*,” sɛd ˈhæmər, kɪdz ˈlərnɪd haʊ tɪ nɪt ˈwɛðər ju wər ə bɔɪ ər ə girl.”*.” ðə aɪˈdiə wɑz spɑrkt fər ðə ˈkəpəl ʤɪst ˌbiˈfɔr ðeɪ wɔkt ˈɪntu ə mˈjuziəm ɪn ˈrɑkˌpɔrt, meɪn. triz ˈaʊtˈsaɪd ðə mˈjuziəm wər dreɪpt wɪθ hænd ˈnɪtɪd sˈwɛtərz ɪn əˈsɔrtɪd ˈkələrz. ðə aɪˈdiə fər ðɪs ˈpɑrkɪŋ ˈmitər sˈwɛtərz keɪm frəm ə bʊk ɪn ðə ˈɔlbəni ˈpəblɪk ˈlaɪbrɛˌri ˈtaɪtəld jɑrn ˈbɑmɪŋ. aɪ fərst sɔ ðə sˈwɛtərz aɪ θɔt tɪ ˌmaɪˈsɛlf haʊ nis ðeɪ meɪk ðɪs pɑrt əv ˈɔlbəni look,”*,” sɛd braɪt ən ˈɔlbəni haɪ ˈsinjər. sˈwɛtərz ər ˈdɪfərənt, ju si ðɛm ˈɛniˌwɛr ɛls ɪkˈsɛpt fər ðɪs greɪt community.”*.” ˈklæsˌmeɪt, ˈlɪbərˌti ˈsaɪfərt, weɪd ɪn tu: ˈrɪli kjut. ɪt riˈmaɪndz mi əv ðə ˈhɑlɪˌdeɪ ˈsizən, soʊ ˈrɪli nis tɪ wɔk daʊn hir ənd si ɔl ðə sˈwɛtərz ɔn ðə ˈpɑrkɪŋ meters.”*.” ðə goʊl fər ˈneɪbərˌhʊd ˈædvəˌkeɪts ɪz tɪ kriˈeɪt ə sɛns əv ˈjunɪti θruaʊt ðə paɪn hɪlz, ənd ʃaɪn ə laɪt ɔn ˈəpər ˈmædɪsən ˈævəˌnu ɛz ə juˈnik pleɪs fər ˈpipəl tɪ ˈvɪzɪt. ˈneɪbərˌhʊd ɪz hoʊm tɪ mɔr ðən 50 ˈdɪfərənt ˈbɪznɪsɪz, ˈʃɑpɪŋ, lɪv ˌɛnərˈteɪnmənt ənd ə library,”*,” sɛd vərˈʤɪnjə. ə grup wi wɔnt tɪ traɪ ənd ˈbjutɪˌfaɪ, prəˈmoʊt ənd ˈsɛləˌbreɪt ˈəpər ˈmædɪsən ɛz ˈsɪti ˈlɪvɪŋ æt ɪts best.”*.” 30
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parking meters along the busiest strip of madison avenue this holiday season will be laced with vibrant sweaters, hand-knitted in this very neighborhood.
it’s an art that has been around for hundreds of years, knitting. and knitters in the upper madison improvement group have changed up their mission of making sweaters for trees on upper madison avenue, just two years ago. this year, virginia hammer, president of the pine hills neighborhood association is working on a new project, knitting sweaters for parking meters.
switching from trees to parking meters was an easy decision, said hammer. “we didn’t want to repeat the tree project and wanted something a little less time consuming, so the parking meters were perfect.”
those meters are among the 1,988 city-wide, which bring in between $2.2 and $2.5 million in revenue annually, according sean palladino of the albany parking authority.
for hammer and her husband, john, the meters presented an opportunity and they spent much of their 2014 winter knitting. in fact, they spun a total of 80 yards – almost the length of a football field. the artistic couple wants this project to mean much more than just a sweater.
“i want people to say what a neat thing, and what a neat neighborhood this is, and look at those old people over there doing something funky,” john hammer said, laughing.
the retired professor from russell sage college, began knitting when he was a little boy in berlin, germany. “it wasn’t an uncommon thing,” said hammer, “most kids learned how to knit whether you were a boy or a girl.”
the idea was sparked for the couple just before they walked into a museum in rockport, maine. trees outside the museum were draped with hand knitted sweaters in assorted colors. the idea for this year’s parking meter sweaters came from a book in the albany public library titled yarn bombing.
“when i first saw the sweaters i thought to myself how nice they make this part of albany look,” said mayah bright an albany high senior. “the sweaters are different, you don’t see them anywhere else except for this great community.”
bright’s classmate, liberty seifert, weighed in too: “they’re really cute. it reminds me of the holiday season, so it’s really nice to walk down here and see all the sweaters on the parking meters.”
the goal for neighborhood advocates is to create a sense of unity throughout the pine hills, and shine a light on upper madison avenue as a unique place for people to visit.
“the neighborhood is home to more than 50 different businesses, shopping, live entertainment and a library,” said virginia. “as a group we want to try and beautify, promote and celebrate upper madison as city living at its best.” -30-
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kwin ɪˈlɪzəbɪθ meɪd ˈsimɪŋli ˈkɑmɛnts wɪn ʃi ˈkɔʃənd ˈbrɪtɪʃ ənd ˈʤərmən ˌpɑləˈtɪʃənz ˈoʊvər ðə əv division’*’ æt ə steɪt ˈbæŋkwət ɪn bərˈlɪn. ˈbəkɪŋˌhæm ˈpæləs həz dɪˈnaɪd ðə ˈsteɪtmənt wɑz pəˈlɪtɪkəl. ðə ˈbrɪtɪʃ ˈmɑˌnɑrk ɪˈspaʊzd ðə ˈbɛnəfɪts əv kˌwɔpərˈeɪʃən bɪtˈwin ˌjʊrəˈpiən ˈneɪʃənz ɛz ʃi rɪˈmɛmbərd ðə ““worst”*” ɪˈvɛnts əv ðə ˈhɪstəri ˈdʊrɪŋ hər spiʧ ɔn ˈwɛnzˌdeɪ naɪt. hər ˈkɑmɛnts hæv bɪn ˌɪnˈtərprətəd ɛz ɛnˈdɔrsɪŋ ðə ˈmɛmbərˌʃɪp əv ðə. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ˈpæləs əˈfɪʃəlz dɪˈnaɪd ðət ðə kwin wɑz ɪkˈsprɛsɪŋ ə pəˈlɪtɪkəl stæns. ðə ənˈjuˌʒuəl ˌɪntərˈvɛnʃən ˈɪntu ˌjʊrəˈpiən ˈpɑləˌtɪks ˌkoʊənˈsaɪdəd wɪθ ðə ˌpəblɪˈkeɪʃən əv ə rɪˈpɔrt səˈʤɛstɪŋ ə ˈbrɪtɪʃ ˈɛksət frəm ðə kʊd teɪk ə ˈdɛkeɪd tɪ nɪˈgoʊʃiˌeɪt ənd bi frɔt wɪθ ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪks rɪsk. ðə ˈmɑˌnɑrk wɑz ˈhoʊstɪd baɪ ˈʤərmən ˈprɛzɪdənt ˌwɑˈkim, hu wɑz wəns ən ˈsɪvəl raɪts ˈæktɪvɪst ɪn ist ˈʤərməni. frəm ðə, praɪm ˈmɪnɪstər ˈdeɪvɪd ˈkæmərən ənd ðə ˈfɔrən ˈmɪnɪstər ˈfɪlɪp ˈhæmənd wər ɪn əˈtɛndəns æt ðə ˈbæŋkwət. ""wi noʊ ðət dɪˈvɪʒən ɪn ˈjʊrəp ɪz ˈdeɪnʤərəs" kwin ɪˈlɪzəbɪθ ɪn ˈʤərməni. ɪz ˈdɛmənˌstreɪtɪŋ ˈdeɪnʤərz əv ɛnˈfɔrst ˈjunjən! ˈmɑrtɪn koʊl (@ironiestoo*) ʤun 25 2015 ˈspikɪŋ dɪˈrɛkli tɪ, ðə kwin sɛd: ɑr lɪvz, ˈmɪstər. ˈprɛzɪdənt, wi hæv sin ðə wərst, bət ˈɔlsoʊ ðə bɛst əv ɑr ˈkɑntənənt. wi hæv ˈwɪtnəst haʊ kˈwɪkli θɪŋz kən ʧeɪnʤ fər ðə ˈbɛtər. bət wi noʊ ðət wi məst wərk hɑrd tɪ meɪnˈteɪn ðə ˈbɛnəfɪts əv ðə wərld. noʊ ðət dɪˈvɪʒən ɪn ˈjʊrəp ɪz ˈdeɪnʤərəs ənd ðət wi məst gɑrd əˈgɛnst ɪt ɪn ðə wɛst ɛz wɛl ɛz ɪn ðə ist əv ɑr continent.”*.” ɪn ə ʃoʊ əv əˈgrimənt, ˈʤərmən ˈʧænsələr ˈænʤələ ˈmərkəl ɪz ˌriˈpɔrtəd tɪ hæv ˈnɑdɪd ˈvɪgərəsli ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə spiʧ. ˈsɛvərəl ˈmidiə ˈaʊˌtlɛts hæv ˌɪnˈtərprətəd ðə spiʧ ɛz ˈhɪntɪŋ æt ə dɪˈzaɪər fər ˈbrɪtən tɪ rɪˈmeɪn ɪn ðə. ə ˈbəkɪŋˌhæm ˈpæləs ˈspoʊkspərsən həz dɪˈnaɪd ðɪs, seɪɪŋ, spiʧ spiks fər ˌɪtˈsɛlf ɔn ðə θrɛts əv dɪˈvɪʒən ənd ðə ˈbɛnəfɪts əv ˈjunɪti. ɛz ˈɛvər, ðə kwin ɪz əˈbəv ˈpɑləˌtɪks ənd ɪz ˈplɪtɪkli ˈnutrəl ɔn ðə eu.”*.” rɛd mɔr: ˈstərʤɪn dɪˈnaɪz ˈskɑtlənd wɪl kət ˈsəbsɪdi, riˈbəfs ˈpæləs kleɪmz ˈdʊrɪŋ hər ʃɔrt spiʧ, kwin ɪˈlɪzəbɪθ ˈrɛfərənst ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt ɪˈvɛnts ɪn ˌjʊrəˈpiən ˈhɪstəri, ˈtreɪsɪŋ ðə ““long*, slow”*” dɪˈvɛləpmənt əv dɪˈmɑkrəsi frəm ðə ˈmægnə ˈkɑrtə ɪn ˈbrɪtən tɪ fərst ˈfrili ɪˈlɛktɪd ˈlɛʤəsˌleɪʧər ɪn ˈfræŋkfərt ɪn 1848 ðə ˈkɑmɛnts ɪn bərˈlɪn ˈfɑloʊ ə ˈkɛrfəli ˈskrɪptɪd ˌɪntərˈvɛnʃən ɪn ˈbrɪtɪʃ ˈpɑləˌtɪks ɪn ðə rən əp tɪ ðə ˈskɑtɪʃ ˌɪndɪˈpɛndəns ˌrɛfərˈɛndəm, ɪn wɪʧ ʃi æst ˈvoʊtərz tɪ ˈvɛri carefully.”*.” ˈɛmfəˌsaɪzd ðə ˌɪmˈpɔrtəns əv roʊl ɪn ˈbɪldɪŋ dɪˈmɑkrəsi ɪn ˈʤərməni ˈæftər ðə wɔr, ɪkˈsprɛsɪŋ hɪz ɪnˈdʊrɪŋ ˈgrætəˌtud. kˈwɔrtər əv ə ˈsɛnʧəri ˈæftər ðə dɪˈvɪʒən əv ɑr ˈkɑntənənt ˈɛndɪd, ðə ˌjʊrəˈpiən ˈjunjən ɪz ˈfeɪsɪŋ ˈmeɪʤər challenges,”*,” ðə ˈʤərmən ˈprɛzɪdənt sɛd. noʊ ðət wi nid ən ˈifɛktɪv ˌjʊrəˈpiən ˈjunjən beɪst ɔn ə ˈsteɪbəl faʊnˈdeɪʃən əv ʃɛrd ˈvæljuz. ə kənˈstrəktɪv ˈdaɪəˌlɔg ɔn ðə rɪˈfɔrmz ˈbrɪtən wɔnts tɪ si ɪz ˈðɛrˌfɔr essential.”*.” ˈʤərməni səˈpɔrts səʧ ˈdaɪəˌlɔg, hi sɛd. rɛd mɔr: ənd lies’*’: ˌjʊrəˈpiən ˈpɑrləmɛnt ˈprɛzɪdənt slæmz ‘‘toxic’*’ dəˈbeɪt ɔn ˈjʊrəp ˈbrɪtən ɪz ə pɑrt əv ˈjʊrəp. ðə ˌjʊrəˈpiən ˈjunjən nidz britain.”*.” ðə ˈbæŋkwət ɪn ˈbɛlvˌju ˈkæsəl ˌkoʊənˈsaɪdəd wɪθ ðə ˌpəblɪˈkeɪʃən əv ə rɪˈpɔrt baɪ kənˈsəltənsi fərm ˈgloʊbəl ˈkaʊnsəl səˈʤɛstɪŋ ɪt kʊd teɪk ˈbrɪtən ə ˈdɛkeɪd tɪ nɪˈgoʊʃiˌeɪt ən ˈɛksət. ˈrisərʧ baɪ ˈfɔrmər ˈfɔrən ˈɔfəs ʧif ɪˈkɑnəmɪst ˈgrɛgər ˈərwɪn ˈɪndɪˌkeɪts ə ‘‘brexit’*’ wʊd ˈdæmɪʤ ˈbɪznɪs ɪn ðə ənd ˈfərðər əˈfild, ˌɪmˈpæktɪŋ ɔn ðə ˈnɛðərləndz, ˈaɪərlənd ənd ˈsaɪprəs ˌpɑrˈtɪkjələrli hɑrd. rɪˈpɔrt kənˈkludz ə wʊd ˈdæmɪʤ ˈrɛgjələˌtɔri ˈɪnfluəns, ˈdæmpən ðə əˈtræktɪvnəs əv ðə ˈsɪti əv ˈləndən, dɪˈtər ˈɪnwərd ˌɪnˈvɛstmənt ənd ˈhɑbəl ˈbɪznɪs ækˈtɪvɪti θru proʊˈtræktɪd ənˈsərtənti. ðə stændz tɪ luz ðə moʊst frəm ɪn ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk tərmz, hi ˈædɪd. ðə livz wi wɪl feɪs jɪrz əv ənˈsərtənti ənd ˌækrəˈmoʊniəs nɪˌgoʊʃiˈeɪʃən ˈoʊvər fˈjuʧər riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪp wɪθ ˈjʊrəp. ðə ˈifɛkts wɪl bi moʊst proʊˈfaʊnd ɪn ðə, bət fɛlt baɪ ˈbɪznɪsɪz ənd ˈhaʊsˌhoʊldz ˈɛvriˌwɛr ɪn ðə eu,”*,” ˈərwɪn roʊt. wʊd ˌɪmˈpækt ɪn ˈbrəsəlz ɛz wʊd dɪˈsteɪbəˌlaɪz riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪps bɪtˈwin ðə lɑrʤ ˈmɛmbər steɪts ənd ʃɪft ðə ˈbæləns əv ˈɪnfluəns təˈwɔrdz mɔr ˌɪntərˈvɛnʃən ɪn ðə ˌjʊrəˈpiən economy.”*.” wʊd ʧeɪnʤ ˈjʊrəp nɑt ʤɪst pəˈzɪʃən ɪn europe,”*,” hi ˈædɪd.
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queen elizabeth ii made seemingly pro-eu comments when she cautioned british and german politicians over the ‘dangers of division’ at a state banquet in berlin. buckingham palace has denied the statement was political.
the british monarch espoused the benefits of cooperation between european nations as she remembered the “worst” events of the continent’s history during her speech on wednesday night.
her comments have been interpreted as endorsing the uk’s membership of the eu. however, palace officials denied that the queen was expressing a political stance.
the queen’s unusual intervention into european politics coincided with the publication of a report suggesting a british exit from the eu could take a decade to negotiate and be fraught with economics risk.
the monarch was hosted by 75-year-old german president joachim gauck, who was once an anti-communist civil rights activist in east germany.
from the uk, prime minister david cameron and the euroskeptic foreign minister philip hammond were in attendance at the banquet.
""we know that division in europe is dangerous" queen elizabeth ii in germany. eu is demonstrating dangers of enforced non-democratic union! — martin cole (@ironiestoo) june 25, 2015
speaking directly to gauck, the queen said: “in our lives, mr. president, we have seen the worst, but also the best of our continent. we have witnessed how quickly things can change for the better. but we know that we must work hard to maintain the benefits of the post-war world.
“we know that division in europe is dangerous and that we must guard against it in the west as well as in the east of our continent.”
in a show of agreement, german chancellor angela merkel is reported to have nodded vigorously during the queen’s speech.
several media outlets have interpreted the queen’s speech as hinting at a desire for britain to remain in the eu.
a buckingham palace spokesperson has denied this, saying, “the queen’s speech speaks for itself on the threats of division and the benefits of unity. as ever, the queen is above politics and is politically neutral on the eu.”
read more: sturgeon denies scotland will cut queen’s subsidy, rebuffs palace claims
during her short speech, queen elizabeth referenced important events in european history, tracing the “long, slow” development of democracy from the magna carta in britain to germany’s first freely elected legislature in frankfurt in 1848.
the monarch’s comments in berlin follow a carefully scripted intervention in british politics in the run up to the scottish independence referendum, in which she asked voters to “think very carefully.”
gauck emphasized the importance of britain’s role in building democracy in germany after the war, expressing his country’s enduring gratitude.
“a quarter of a century after the division of our continent ended, the european union is facing major challenges,” the german president said.
“we know that we need an effective european union based on a stable foundation of shared values. a constructive dialogue on the reforms britain wants to see is therefore essential.”
germany supports such dialogue, he said.
read more: ‘hatred and lies’: european parliament president slams ‘toxic’ uk debate on europe
“for britain is a part of europe. the european union needs britain.”
the banquet in bellevue castle coincided with the publication of a report by consultancy firm global counsel suggesting it could take britain a decade to negotiate an eu exit.
research by former uk foreign office chief economist gregor irwin indicates a ‘brexit’ would damage business in the uk and further afield, impacting on the netherlands, ireland and cyprus particularly hard.
irwin’s report concludes a brexit would damage britain’s regulatory influence, dampen the attractiveness of the city of london, deter inward investment and hobble business activity through protracted uncertainty.
the uk stands to lose the most from brexit in economic terms, he added.
“if the uk leaves we will face years of uncertainty and acrimonious negotiation over britain’s future relationship with europe. the effects will be most profound in the uk, but felt by businesses and households everywhere in the eu,” irwin wrote.
“it would impact in brussels as brexit would destabilize relationships between the large member states and shift the balance of influence towards more intervention in the european economy.”
“brexit would change europe not just britain’s position in europe,” he added.
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ˈæmnəsti ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl sɪz ˈtərki dɪˈteɪnd ɪts ˈkəntri dɪˈrɛktər ˌɛnˈlɑrʤ ðɪs ˈɪmɪʤ ˈtɑgəl ˈkæpʃən ˈæmnəsti ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl ˈæmnəsti ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl ˈæmnəsti ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl sɪz ðət ˈtərkɪʃ əˈθɔrətiz hæv dɪˈteɪnd ɪts ˈkəntri dɪˈrɛktər fər ˈtərki,, əˈmɪd ə sˈwipɪŋ ˈkrækˌdaʊn ɔn dɪˈsɛnt. ðə raɪts grup sɪz wɑz ˈteɪkən ˈɪntu ˈkəstədi ˈwɛnzˌdeɪ ˈmɔrnɪŋ wɪθ ˈsɛvən ˈəðər ˈjumən raɪts ˈwərkərz ənd tu ˈfɔrən ˈtreɪnərz. ɪt ˈhæpənd ɛz ðeɪ tʊk pɑrt ɪn ə "ruˈtin ˈtreɪnɪŋ ɪˈvɛnt" ɪn ə hoʊˈtɛl ɔn ən ˈaɪlənd nɪr ˌɪstɑnˈbul, ˈæmnəsti ædz. ɔn ˈθərzˌdeɪ, ðə raɪts grups sɛd ðət ɪt həz ˈlərnɪd ðə dɪˌteɪˈniz ər biɪŋ ˌɪnˈvɛstəˌgeɪtɪd fər əˈlɛʤd ˈmɛmbərˌʃɪp ɪn ən ɑrmd ˈtɛrərɪst ˌɔrgənəˈzeɪʃən. "ðə əbˈsərdəti əv ðiz ˌækjəˈzeɪʃənz əˈgɛnst ənd ðə naɪn ˈəðərz ˈkænɑt dɪsˈgaɪz ðə ˈvɛri greɪv ˈneɪʧər əv ðɪs əˈtæk ɔn səm əv ðə moʊst ˈprɑmənənt ˈsɪvəl soʊˈsaɪɪti ˌɔrgənəˈzeɪʃənz ɪn ˈtərki," ˈsɛkrəˌtɛri ˈʤɛnərəl sɛd ɪn ə ˈsteɪtmənt. "ðɛr ˈspəriəs dɪˈtɛnʃən waɪl əˈtɛndɪŋ ə ruˈtin ˈwərkˌʃɑp wɑz bæd ɪˈnəf: ðət ðeɪ ər naʊ biɪŋ ˌɪnˈvɛstəˌgeɪtɪd fər ˈmɛmbərˌʃɪp əv ən ɑrmd ˈtɛrərɪst ˌɔrgənəˈzeɪʃən ˈbɛgərz bɪˈlif," hi ædz. ˈɛnˈpiˈɑrz ˈpitər ˈkɛnjən ɪn ˌɪstɑnˈbul rɪˈpɔrts ðət "ðɛr wɑz noʊ ˌɛkspləˈneɪʃən fər ðə dɪˈtɛnʃənz, ənd noʊ ˌɪˈmiˌdiət ˈkɑmɛnt frəm pəˈlis." ˈæmnəsti sɛd ðə dɪˌteɪˈniz wər dɪˈnaɪd ˈækˌsɛs tɪ ˈlɔjərz fər æt list 28 aʊərz, wɪʧ ɪt həz sɛd rənz ˈkaʊntər tɪ ˈtərkɪʃ lɔ. læst mənθ, ˈtərkɪʃ əˈθɔrətiz dɪˈteɪnd ˈtərki ˈkəntri ʧɛr kiliç*ç, əˈkjuzɪŋ ɪm əv taɪz tɪ ˈklɛrɪk gulen*, hu ðeɪ bleɪm fər ðə feɪld ku əˈtɛmpt læst ˌʤuˈlaɪ. kiliç*ç "rɪˈmeɪnz ɪn ʤeɪl ˈpɛndɪŋ traɪəl," ˈrɔɪtərz rɪˈpɔrts. ˈæmnəsti sɪz ɪt ɪz ðə fərst taɪm ɪn ɪts ˈhɪstəri ðət ə ˈkəntri həz dɪˈteɪnd ɪts ʧɛr ənd dɪˈrɛktər æt ðə seɪm taɪm. tɛnz əv ˈθaʊzənz hæv bɪn swɛpt əp ɪn ðə pərʤ sɪns ðə ku əˈtɛmpt. "ˈtərki həz ʤeɪld mɔr ðən ˈpipəl ˈpɛndɪŋ traɪəl ənd səˈspɛndɪd ər dɪsˈmɪst səm ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ˈsoʊlʤərz, pəˈlis, ˈtiʧərz ənd ˈpəblɪk ˈsərvənts, ˈoʊvər əˈlɛʤd lɪŋks wɪθ ˈtɛrərɪst grups," ðə waɪər ˈsərvɪs rɪˈpɔrts. ðə ˈtərkɪʃ ˈgəvərnmənt dɪˈfɛndz ðə ˈmɛʒərz ɛz ˈnɛsəˌsɛri fər ɪts sɪˈkjʊrəti; ˈjumən raɪts ˈædvəˌkeɪts seɪ əˈθɔrətiz ər ˈjuzɪŋ sɪˈkjʊrəti ɛz ə ˌʤəstəfəˈkeɪʃən tɪ klæmp daʊn ɔn ɔl fɔrmz əv dɪˈsɛnt. ɛz ðə ˈtuˌweɪ həz ˌriˈpɔrtəd, "ə ˌrɛfərˈɛndəm ɪn ˈeɪprəl, wɪʧ pæst baɪ ə ˈnɛroʊ ˈmɑrʤən, ˈrædɪkli ɪkˈspændɪd ðə paʊərz əv ˈtərkɪʃ ˈprɛzɪdənt erdogan*." "ɪf ˈɛniˌwən wɑz stɪl ɪn daʊt əv ðə ˈɛndgeɪm əv ˈtərkiz ˈkrækˌdaʊn, ðeɪ ʃʊd nɑt bi naʊ," sɛd. "ðɛr ɪz tɪ bi noʊ ˈsɪvəl soʊˈsaɪɪti, noʊ ˈkrɪtɪˌsɪzəm ənd noʊ əˈkaʊntəˌbɪlɪti ɪn ˈtərki."
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amnesty international says turkey detained its country director
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amnesty international says that turkish authorities have detained its country director for turkey, idil eser, amid a sweeping crackdown on dissent.
the u.k.-based rights group says eser was taken into custody wednesday morning with seven other human rights workers and two foreign trainers.
it happened as they took part in a "routine training event" in a hotel on an island near istanbul, amnesty adds.
on thursday, the rights groups said that it has learned the detainees are being investigated for alleged membership in an armed terrorist organization.
"the absurdity of these accusations against idil eser and the nine others cannot disguise the very grave nature of this attack on some of the mostominent civil society organizations in turkey," amnesty's secretary general salil shetty said in a statement.
"their spurious detention while attending a routine workshop was bad enough: that they are now being investigated for membership of an armed terrorist organization beggars belief," he adds.
npr's peter kenyon in istanbul reports that "there was no explanation for the detentions, and no immediate comment from police."
amnesty said the detainees were denied access to lawyers for at least 28 hours, which it has said runs counter to turkish law.
last month, turkish authorities detained amnesty's turkey country chair taner kiliç, accusing him of ties to u.s.-based cleric fethullah gulen, who they blame for the failed coup attempt last july. kiliç "remains in jail pending trial," reuters reports.
amnesty says it is the first time in its history that a country has detained its chair and director at the same time.
tens of thousands have been swept up in the purge since the coup attempt. "turkey has jailed more than 50,000 people pending trial and suspended or dismissed some 150,000, including soldiers, police, teachers and public servants, over alleged links with terrorist groups," the wire service reports.
the turkish government defends the measures as necessary for its security; human rights advocates say authorities are using security as a justification to clamp down on all forms of dissent.
as the two-way has reported, "a referendum in april, which passed by a narrow margin, radically expanded the powers of turkishesident recep tayyip erdogan."
"if anyone was still in doubt of the endgame of turkey's post-coup crackdown, they should not be now," shetty said. "there is to be no civil society, no criticism and no accountability in erdoğan's turkey."
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ɪn ðɪs poʊst, goʊɪŋ tɪ teɪk ə ˈkrɪtɪkəl lʊk æt ˈʧænəlz ɪn ˈstændərd ˈlaɪbrɛˌri ənd ˈprɛzənt ˈməltəpəl ˈɪʃuz aɪ hæv wɪθ ɪt. ˌbiˈfɔr ˈstɑrtɪŋ, aɪ ʃʊd noʊt ðət ðɛr ər gʊd ˈrizənz waɪ ðə ˈʧænəlz ər dɪˈzaɪnd ðə weɪ ðeɪ ər. səm əv ðɛm bɔɪl daʊn tɪ ðə fəˈlɑsəfi əv ðə ˈstændərd ˈlaɪbrɛˌri, səm hæv tɪ du wɪθ ˈhɪstəri, ənd səm ər ˈsɪmpli həz dən ɪt ˈbɛtər yet”*”. ˈfaɪnəli, traɪ tɪ riˈθɪŋk ðə ˈʧænəl ənd dɪˈzaɪn wən ðət ɪz ˈklinər ənd mɔr ˈflɛksəbəl. ðət wɪl bi ə ˈʧænəl ðət maɪt ər maɪt nɑt bi ə gʊd fɪt fər ðə ˈstændərd ˈlaɪbrɛˌri, bət ɪn ˈɛni keɪs wʊd ˈsərtənli wərk wɛl ɛz ən əˈdɪʃən tɪ. haʊ tɪ ˈæˌkʧuəli ˈɪmpləmənt ðət wɪl bi ə ˈtɑpɪk fər əˈnəðər poʊst. ə lʊk æt ˈʧænəlz ˈrisəntli bɪn ˈfɪdlɪŋ wɪθ goʊ ənd ˈdɪgɪŋ ˈɪntu ðə əv ɪts ˈʧænəl ˌɪmpləmɛnˈteɪʃən. ˈʧænəlz ər ðə moʊst ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt ˈfiʧər əv goʊ ɪn fækt, ðɛr məʧ tɪ goʊ ˈəðər ðən ˈʧænəlz ənd goroutines*! tɪ ˈɪləˌstreɪt wət ɪts ˈʧænəlz kən du, kənˈsɪdər ðə ˈfɑloʊɪŋ ˈfəŋkʃən: mæʧ neɪm strɪŋ si ʧæn strɪŋ səˈlɛkt keɪs pɪr si "%ɛs rɪˈsivd ə ˈmɛsɪʤ frəm %ɛs. neɪm pɪr keɪs si neɪm weɪt fər ˈsəmˌwən tɪ rɪˈsiv maɪ ˈmɛsɪʤ. hir wi səˈlɛkt ˈoʊvər tu ˌɑpərˈeɪʃənz: rɪˈsiv ə ˈmɛsɪʤ frəm ˈʧænəl si sɛnd neɪm θru ˈʧænəl si ðə ˈproʊˌgræm blɑks ənˈtɪl wən əv ðə ˌɑpərˈeɪʃənz səkˈsidz. ˈɔlsoʊ ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt tɪ seɪ ðət ɪgˈzæktli wən ˌɑpərˈeɪʃən wɪl səkˈsid. ɪn ˌpɑˈtɪkjələr, ɪt ɪz nɑt ˈpɑsəbəl fər ðiz tu ˌɑpərˈeɪʃənz tɪ pɛr əp ðə fərst keɪs ˈkænɑt rɪˈsiv neɪm frəm ðə ˈsɛkənd keɪs. səˈlɛkʃən əˈlaʊz fər ˈvɛri ˈflɛksəbəl ənd ˌsɪŋkrənəˈzeɪʃən. aɪ θɪŋk ˈʧænəlz ər greɪt, ənd ɪn ə weɪ, ˈdɛfənətli ən aɪˈdil fər ˈʧænəlz ɪn ˈəðər ˈlæŋgwɪʤɪz tɪ straɪv təˈwɔrdz. wən əv ðə moʊst ˈkɑmən ˈkrɪtɪˌsɪzəmz, ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ɪz ðət ˈʧænəlz ər sloʊ. ənd, ˌɪnˈdid, ðeɪ ər nɑt ˈtɛrəbli. ɪkˈstrimli ˈdɪfəkəlt tɪ ˈɪmpləmənt ə ˈʧænəl ðət ɪz ˈɛni ˈfæstər bət stɪl ʤɪst ɛz ˈpaʊərfəl. ɔl ðət sɛd, ðɪs poʊst ˈrɪli eɪm tɪ kəmˈpɛr goʊ ənd rəst. ˌɪnˈtɛnʃənəli ˈpɔɪntɪŋ aʊt ðə gʊd pɑrts əv ˈʧænəlz ˈoʊnli, bət ðeɪ du kəm wɪθ ə ˈsɪriz əv ðɛr oʊn wɔrts, wɪʧ aɪ bi ˈænəˌlaɪzɪŋ hir. wɪθ ðət ɪn maɪnd, naʊ tərn tɪ rust…*… ˈprɑbləmz wɪθ ˈʧænəlz rəst həz ˈʧænəlz ɪn ðə ˈstændərd ˈlaɪbrɛˌri wɪˈθɪn ðə ˈmɑʤul. ˌɔlˈðoʊ ðə rɛst əv ðə poʊst wɪl bi ˈvɛri ˈkrɪtɪkəl, maɪ əˈpɪnjən ɪz ðət ˈʤɛnərəli wɛl dɪˈzaɪnd. fər ɪgˈzæmpəl, aɪ kwaɪt laɪk haʊ ˌdɪskəˈnɛkʃən wərks: ɛz sun ɛz ɔl ˈsɛndərz ər ɔl rɪˈsivərz gɪt drɑpt, ðə ˈʧænəl ɪz ˌdɪskəˈnɛktɪd. nit. but…*… ˈʧænəlz ˈɔlsoʊ kəm wɪθ ˈsɛvərəl ˈɑdətiz. wən: ˈprɑbləm 1 ðɛr ɪz noʊ ˈmɛθəd. rɪˈsivər həz ə ˈblɑkɪŋ ˈmɛθəd ðət ˈsɪmpli taɪmz aʊt ˈæftər ə ˈspɛsəˌfaɪd ˈpɪriəd ˌɪnˈstɛd əv ˈblɑkɪŋ fərˈɛvər. ɪt wʊd meɪk ˈpərˌfɪkt sɛns fər tɪ hæv ə ˈsɪmələrli neɪmd ˈmɛθəd ˈblɑkɪŋ waɪl ðə ˈʧænəl ɪz fʊl. bət ðɪs ˈmɛθəd ɪgˈzɪst. waɪ? aɪ ˈɑnəstli noʊ. ˈprɑbləm 2 ˈsɛndər ʃʊd ˈɪmpləmənt sɪŋk bət. ə ˈrəðər ˈkɑmən əˈnɔɪəns wɪθ ˈʧænəlz ɪz ðət ˈsɛndərz bi ˈsɪmpli ʃɛrd baɪ ˈrɛfərəns əˈməŋ ˈməltəpəl θrɛdz. ðeɪ hæv tɪ bi kloʊnd ˌɪnˈstɛd. bət ðət ɪz nɑt ˈɔlˌweɪz gʊd ɪˈnəf. fər ɪgˈzæmpəl, ɪn ˈhaɪpər (ə ˈlaɪbrɛˌri) ðə ˈfɑloʊɪŋ ɪz ə ˈkɑmən ˈɪdiəm: lɛt ˈʧænəl ˈsərvər .ˈlɪsən muv reɪz .sɛnd "rɪkˈwɛst!" dɪz nɑt ˈɪmpləmənt sɪŋk ðɪs kəmˈpaɪl bɪˈkəz ˈkænɑt bi ʃɛrd əˈməŋ ˈməltəpəl θrɛdz. ðə ˈɑbviəs, bət ˈɔlsoʊ ə sloʊ ənd ənˈplɛzənt səˈluʃən wʊd bi: lɛt ˈʧænəl lɛt nu ˈsərvər .ˈlɪsən muv reɪz .lɑk .ənˈræp .sɛnd "rɪkˈwɛst!" ɪf ˈsɛndər ˈɪmpləˌmɛnəd sɪŋk ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ðɪs ˈprɑbləm wʊd bi sɑlvd. ɪn ˈnaɪtli rəst (ɛz əv 42397 ðət sˈnɪpət wʊd wərk ɪf wi juzd ˌɪnˈstɛd əv ˈʧænəl soʊ ðə gʊd nuz ɪz ðət naʊ ˈɪmpləmənts sɪŋk bət waɪ ˈsɛndər ˈɪmpləmənt sɪŋk ɛz wɛl? ˈæləks ˈkrɪʧtən, wən əv ðə meɪn ˈɔθərz əv ˈʧænəlz, steɪts: ə ril ˈbəmər ðət ˈsɛndər sɪŋk. ɪt ʃʊd bi ˈbeɪsɪkli! soʊ jɛs, ˈsɛndər ʃʊd ˈɪmpləmənt sɪŋk bət ɪt, ənd ðə ˈrizən ɪz ðət ˈvɛri ˈdɪfəkəlt tɪ meɪk ðə ˈkɑrənt ˌɪmpləmɛnˈteɪʃən thread-safe*. ʤɪst ənˈfɔrʧənət, bət ɪt ɪz wət ɪt ɪz. ˈprɑbləm 3 ˈbaʊndɪd ˈʧænəlz ər sloʊ. ˈʧænəlz ɪn rəst ər ˈɔfən preɪzd fər gʊd pərˈfɔrməns. pɑrt tru, pɑrt fɔls. ənˈbaʊndɪd ˈʧænəlz ər greɪt ənd ˈhaɪli kənˈkərənt. ðə ˌɪmpləmɛnˈteɪʃən kips træk əv ðə ˈnəmbər əv ˈsɛndərz ənd kaʊnts ðə ˈnəmbər əv ˈmɛsɪʤɪz sɛnt, ənd ðɛn ˈjuzɪz wən əv ðə θri ˈvɛriənts, sˈwɪʧɪŋ bɪtˈwin ðɛm ɛz ˈnidɪd: ˈvɛriənt: wɪn ðə ˈsɛndər kloʊnd, ənd æt moʊst wən ˈmɛsɪʤ həz bɪn sɛnt. ˈvɛriənt: wɪn ðə ˈsɛndər kloʊnd, bət æt list tu ˈmɛsɪʤɪz hæv bɪn sɛnt. ˈvɛriənt: wɪn ðə ˈsɛndər wɑz kloʊnd. ðɪs minz ðət ðə ˈʧænəl əˈdæpts tɪ ˈdɪfərənt ˈwərˌkloʊdz baɪ sˈwɪʧɪŋ ðə ˌəndərˈlaɪɪŋ ˈstrəkʧər. mɔˈroʊvər, ðiz juz ˈælgərˌɪðəmz, wɪʧ meɪks ðɛm ˈprɪti fæst. fænˈtæstɪk! bət ðɪs ɑptɪmɪˈzeɪʃən ɪz nɑt ə fri lənʧ: daɪˈnæmɪk sˈwɪʧɪŋ bɪtˈwin ˈvɛriənts ɪz ɪgˈzæktli wət prɪˈvɛnts ˈsɛndər frəm ˈɪmpləˌmɛnɪŋ sɪŋk ˈvɛri ˈdɪfəkəlt tɪ meɪk ɔl ðɪs məˈʃinəri thread-safe*. ɪn ˈəðər wərdz, ðə ˈtreɪˌdɔf ɪz bɪtˈwin pərˈfɔrməns ənd ˌərgəˈnɑmɪks, ənd ɪn ðɪs keɪs, wi gɪt pərˈfɔrməns. ˈbaʊndɪd ˈʧænəlz, ɔn ðə ˈəðər hænd, ər ɛˈsɛnʃəli ʤɪst ə mutex<vecdeque<t*>> ənd ə ɪn maɪ ˈbɛnʧˌmɑrks, ðeɪ ər ˈivɪn sloʊər ðən ˈʧænəlz, wɪʧ ər ˈɔfən ˈkrɪtəˌsaɪzd fər bæd pərˈfɔrməns. ˈbaʊndɪd ˈʧænəlz kəm wɪθ ˈɛni kul ɑptɪmɪˈzeɪʃən trɪks. ə bɪt əv ˈtrɪviə: rəst juzd tɪ hæv fæst ˈbaʊndɪd kjuz ɪn ðə ˈstændərd ˈlaɪbrɛˌri ɪn ðə ˈɪrə. bət ðoʊz wər ʤɪst ˈprɪmɪtɪv kjuz, nɑt ˈʧænəlz. ðə ˈdɪfəkəlt pɑrt ɪz haʊ tɪ æd ˈfiʧərz tɪ ə kju (ˈblɑkɪŋ ˌɑpərˈeɪʃənz, səˈlɛkʃən, ˌɛtˈsɛtərə.). tɪ ˈsəmərˌaɪz: ənˈbaʊndɪd ˈʧænəlz ər fæst, ənd ˈbaʊndɪd ˈʧænəlz ər sloʊ. ˈprɑbləm 4 ˈsɛndər ənd ər dɪˈstɪŋkt taɪps, bət ðeɪ hæv tɪ bi. ˈʧænəlz kən bi kənˈstrəktɪd ˈjuzɪŋ ðə ˈfɑloʊɪŋ tu ˈfəŋkʃənz: ˈʧænəl ti kæp ˈsɛndər ti rɪˈsivər ti ti kæp ti rɪˈsivər ti ə bɪt pɪˈkjuljər haʊ ðə rɪˈtərn taɪps ʃɛr rɪˈsivər bət æt ðə seɪm taɪm, ˈsɛndər ənd ər splɪt ˈɪntu tu dɪˈstɪŋkt taɪps. waɪ ɪz ðət soʊ? aɪ noʊ ðə ˈænsər tɪ ðət kˈwɛʃən sɪns ðə splɪt ɪz kəmˈplitli ənˈnɛsəˌsɛri. boʊθ kaɪnz əv ˈsɛndərz kʊd bi tɪ ðə seɪm taɪp wɪˈθaʊt ˈɛni ˈprɑbləmz. ɪn fækt, ðɪs wərks ˈvɛri wɛl fər ðə ʧæn kreɪt. wən maɪt ˈɑrgju ðət ˈsɛndər ənd ər ˈdɪfərənt ɪˈnəf tɪ dɪˈzərv ðə splɪt (wən ɪz ˈeɪˈsɪŋkrənəs ənd ðə ˈəðər ɪz synchronous*), bət nɑt kənˈvɪnst. aɪ θɪŋk ðə praɪs əv lɔst ˌərgəˈnɑmɪks ɪz haɪər ðən ˌwəˈtɛvər geɪnz wi maɪt gɪt frəm ˈhævɪŋ ðə splɪt. ˈprɑbləm 5 səˈlɛkʃən səˈpɔrt sɛnd ˌɑpərˈeɪʃənz. rəst həz ðə ənˈsteɪbəl səˈlɛkt! ˈmækroʊ, bət ɪt kən ˈoʊnli səˈlɛkt əˈməŋ ˈməltəpəl rɪˈsiv ˌɑpərˈeɪʃənz. sɛndz ər nɑt səˈpɔrtɪd. ðɪs fækt əˈloʊn ɔˈrɛdi meɪks ˈʧænəlz kəmˈpærətɪvˌli məʧ lɛs ˈpaʊərfəl ðən ˈʧænəlz. ðə ɪgˈzæmpəl pərˈzɛnəd ɪn ðə fərst pɑrt ˈsɪmpli ˈpɑsəbəl tɪ ɪkˈsprɛs ˈjuzɪŋ ˈʧænəlz. ˈprɑbləm 6 səˈlɛkt! ɪz ˌɪnˈfɔrməli ˈdɛprəˌkeɪtəd. ɪn ˈɪʃu 12902 ə wɔrt ɪn ðə səˈlɛkt! ˈmækroʊ wɑz ˌriˈpɔrtəd, bət ðə ˈɪʃu wɑz kloʊzd ənd bi fɪkst. ˈæləks ˈfɪnɪʃɪz ðə dɪˈskəʃən wɪθ: ðə səˈlɛkt! ˈmækroʊ ɪz sɔrt əv ˈdɛprəˌkeɪtəd ˈnaʊəˌdeɪz ɪn ðə sɛns ðət ˈoʊvər ə ˈnəmbər əv events”*” ɪz bɛst dən wɪθ ðə fˈjuʧərz kreɪt ˈaʊtˈsaɪd ðə ˈstændərd ˈlaɪbrɛˌri. ˈprɑbləm 7 daɪˈnæmɪk səˈlɛkʃən ɪz ənˈseɪf ənd unergonomic*. əˈnəðər weɪ əv səˈlɛktɪŋ ˈoʊvər ˈməltəpəl ˈʧænəl ˌɑpərˈeɪʃənz: baɪ ˈjuzɪŋ ðə səˈlɛkt. ðɪs ɪz mɔr ˈpaʊərfəl ðən səˈlɛkt! bɪˈkəz ɪt əˈlaʊz ˈjuˈɛs tɪ ˈɑrbɪˌtrɛrəli ʧuz ðə sɛt əv ˈkeɪsɪz ˈdʊrɪŋ runtime*, ˈrəðər ðən ə fɪkst sɛt əv ˈkeɪsɪz ɪn ə ˈmækroʊ. ɪn ˈəðər wərdz, səˈlɛkt ɪz daɪˈnæmɪk, waɪl səˈlɛkt! ɪz ˈstætɪk. ðə meɪn ˈprɑbləm wɪθ səˈlɛkt ɪz ðət nɑt ˈprɪti tɪ juz ʤɪst lʊk æt ðɪs ˈsɪmpləˌfaɪd sˈnɪpət frəm ˈsərvoʊ: lɛt ɪˈvɛnt lɛt sɛl səˈlɛkt nu lɛt sɛl .ˈhændəl sɛlf .pɔrt lɛt sɛl .ˈhændəl sɛlf ənˈseɪf .æd .æd lɛt rɛt sɛl .weɪt ɪf rɛt .ˈaɪˈdi sɛlf .pɔrt .ənˈræp ɛls ɪf rɛt .ˈaɪˈdi sɛlf .ənˈræp ɛls ˈpænɪk! "ˌənɪkˈspɛktɪd səˈlɛkt rɪˈzəlt" ðə ɪz ˈivɪn ənˈseɪf! ənd du tɪ ɔl ðə ˌrɛpəˈtɪʃən, ˈizi tɪ ˌæksəˈdɛnəli gɪt ɪt rɔŋ. aɪ gɪt ðə ˌɪmˈprɛʃən ðət ˈʧænəl səˈlɛkʃən ɪn rəst ɪz stək ɪn ðə rɔŋ dɪˈrɛkʃɪn. ɪt dɪz work…*… ˈmoʊstli, bət ˈɔlsoʊ sim laɪk ðə raɪt səˈluʃən. wi kən ˈprɑbəˌbli du ˈbɛtər ðən ðət. səˈlɛkʃən ˈɔlˌmoʊst ˈsərtənli bi ˈsteɪbəˌlaɪzd ənd ɪz ˈlaɪkli tɪ bi ˈdɛprəˌkeɪtəd. pərˈhæps ˈivɪn riˈmuvd? ˈkɑmənli səˈʤɛstɪd ɔlˈtərnətɪvz ðət du səˈpɔrt səˈlɛkʃən ər ʧæn ənd toʊˈkioʊ. ðə ˈprɑbləm wɪθ ʧæn ɪz ðət ˈvɛri ˌɪnɪˈfɪʃənt pərˈfɔrməns ɪz ɪkˈsplɪsətli ə non-goal*. ənd toʊˈkioʊ, waɪl ə gʊd səˈluʃən, ɪz ˈsɪmpli nɑt ə rɪˈpleɪsmənt. ðə aɪˈdil ˈʧænəl bɪn ˈθɪŋkɪŋ əˈbaʊt ðə dɪˈzaɪn ənd ˌɪmpləmɛnˈteɪʃən əv ˈʧænəlz fər ə lɔŋ taɪm, rɪfˈjuzɪŋ tɪ əkˈsɛpt ðə ˈkɑmprəˌmaɪzɪz ɪt həz meɪd. ðɛr məst bi ə ˈbɛtər weɪ tɪ dɪˈzaɪn ənd ˈɪmpləmənt ˈʧænəlz! soʊ teɪk ə stɛp bæk, stɑrt frəm skræʧ, ənd æsk ðə ˈfɑloʊɪŋ kˈwɛʃən: wət wʊd ɑr aɪˈdil ˈʧænəl lʊk laɪk? fər ðə ˈmoʊmənt, bi ə bɪt ˌɑptɪˈmɪstɪk ənd əˈsum ðət ˌɪmpləmɛnˈteɪʃən ˈɪʃuz ər nɑt əv məʧ kənˈsərn. laɪk tɪ ˈprɛzənt ən fər maɪ ““perfect”*” ˈʧænəl. ɪt ˈprɑbəˌbli bi ə gʊd fɪt fər ðə ˈstændərd ˈlaɪbrɛˌri tɪ ˌriˈpleɪs bət maɪt bi ə nis əˈdɪʃən tɪ. fərst əv ɔl, aɪ laɪk ðə ˌtərmɪˈnɑləʤi, ənd wʊd məʧ prɪˈfər bounded/unbounded*, wɪʧ aɪ θɪŋk filz lɛs kənfˈjuzɪŋ. ˈsɛkəndli, aɪ θɪŋk ˈsɛndər ənd ʃʊd ˈrɪli bi ðə seɪm taɪp. stɑrt wɪθ ˈʧænəl kənˈstrəkʃən, wɪʧ maɪt lʊk laɪk ðɪs: ənˈbaʊndɪd ti ˈsɛndər ti rɪˈsivər ti ˈbaʊndɪd ti kæp ˈsɛndər ti rɪˈsivər ti soʊ fɑr soʊ gʊd. nɛkst əp ɪz ðə ˈɪnərˌfeɪs fər ˈsɛndər ənd rɪˈsivər ˈsɛndər ti rɪˈsivər ti ti ˈsɛndər ti sɛlf ˈvælju ti rɪˈzəlt ti sɛnd sɛlf ˈvælju ti rɪˈzəlt ti sɛlf ˈvælju ti ˈdʊˈreɪʃən rɪˈzəlt ti ti rɪˈsivər ti sɛlf rɪˈzəlt ti sɛlf rɪˈzəlt ti sɛlf ˈdʊˈreɪʃən rɪˈzəlt ti ti kloʊn fər ˈsɛndər ti ti kloʊn fər rɪˈsivər ti ənˈseɪf ti sɛnd sɛnd fər ˈsɛndər ti ənˈseɪf ti sɛnd sɪŋk fər ˈsɛndər ti ənˈseɪf ti sɛnd sɛnd fər rɪˈsivər ti ənˈseɪf ti sɛnd sɪŋk fər rɪˈsivər ti noʊt haʊ səˈmɛtrɪkəl ənd ˈsɪmpəl ˈsɛndər ənd rɪˈsivər ər: boʊθ hæv ə ˈtrɪpəl əv ɛks ˈmɛθədz. mɔˈroʊvər, boʊθ ˈsɛndər ənd rɪˈsivər ər ənd ˈɪmpləmənt sɛnd ənd sɪŋk ðɪs meɪks ðə ˈʧænəl ən multi-consumer*). ˈʃɛrɪŋ ˈʧænəlz əˈməŋ ˈməltəpəl θrɛdz ɪz ˈvɛri ˈizi ənd unintrusive*. ɪf ju wɔnt tɪ kloʊn ˈsɛndərz ənd rɪˈsivərz tɪ ʃɛr ˌoʊˈkeɪ, ənd ɪf ju wɔnt tɪ ʃɛr baɪ ˈrɛfərəns ˈɔlsoʊ ˌoʊˈkeɪ. jʊr ʧɔɪs! ˈɑbviəsli, naʊ ðət wi hæv ˈməltəpəl rɪˈsivərz, ðɪs minz ðət hæv tɪ juz tɪ teɪk kɛr əv kənˈkərənt ˈmɛməri deallocation*. ˈfaɪnəli, pərˈfɔrməns ɪz ˈpɛrəˌmaʊnt: ˈræpɪŋ ðə gəts əv ə ˈʧænəl ɪn ə ɪz ə nɑnˈstɑrtər. ðɛr ər weɪz tɪ ˈɪmpləmənt kənˈkərənt kjuz ˈjuzɪŋ əˈtɑmɪk ˌɑpərˈeɪʃənz, ənd wi əkˈsɛpt ˈɛniˌθɪŋ lɛs ðən ðət. ˈprɛfərəbli, laɪk ðə ənˈbaʊndɪd ˈvɛriənt tɪ bi ɛz fæst ɛz ənd ˈbaʊndɪd ˈvɛriənt tɪ bi məʧ ˈfæstər ðən ðə aɪˈdil səˈlɛkt rɪˈgɑrdɪŋ səˈlɛkʃən, goʊɪŋ tɪ ˌɪˈmiˌdiətli ˌɪmˈpoʊz θri ˈdɪfəkəlt kənˈstreɪnts: boʊθ sɛnd ənd rɪˈsiv ˌɑpərˈeɪʃənz məst bi səˈpɔrtɪd. skræʧ səˈlɛkʃən məst ˈɔlˌweɪz bi daɪˈnæmɪk. ðə məst bi seɪf. spɛnt ə lɔŋ taɪm ˈpɑndərɪŋ wət wʊd ən ˈsætɪsˌfaɪɪŋ ðiz kənˈstreɪnts ˈivɪn lʊk laɪk, lɛt əˈloʊn haʊ wʊd wən goʊ əˈbaʊt ˈɪmpləˌmɛnɪŋ ɪt. ənd ɪn ðə ɛnd ðɪs ɪz wət aɪ keɪm əp wɪθ: ti ˈsɛndər ti səˈlɛkt sɛlf ˈvælju ti rɪˈzəlt ti ti rɪˈsivər ti səˈlɛkt sɛlf rɪˈzəlt ti boʊθ ɛndz əv ðə ˈʧænəl kəm wɪθ səˈlɛkt ˈmɛθədz. ðeɪ ər ɪn fækt ˈvɛri ˈsɪmələr tɪ ənd tɪ ʃoʊ wət ɪgˈzæktli ðiz ˈmɛθədz du, ʤəmp streɪt tɪ ðə mæʧ ˈfəŋkʃən frəm ðə ˌɪntrəˈdəktəri goʊ ɪgˈzæmpəl. mæʧ neɪm strɪŋ ˈsɛndər strɪŋ rɪˈsivər strɪŋ lup ɪf lɛt ˈoʊˈkeɪ pɪr .səˈlɛkt println*! rɪˈsivd ə ˈmɛsɪʤ frəm neɪm pɪr breɪk ɪf lɛt ɛr ɛs .səˈlɛkt neɪm neɪm ɛs ɛls weɪt fər ˈsəmˌwən tɪ rɪˈsiv maɪ ˈmɛsɪʤ. breɪk ˈoʊˈkeɪ, goʊɪŋ ɔn hir? waɪ du wi hæv ə lup hir? bɛst tɪ θɪŋk əv səˈlɛkt ˈmɛθədz ɛz ˈmæʤɪkəl ɪkˈwɪvələnts tɪ ənd wi hæv tɪ ɪkˈsplɪsətli mɑrk ðə bɪˈgɪnɪŋ əv səˈlɛkʃən ðət ɪz ˌɔtəˈmætɪk. ˈlaɪkˌwaɪz, ɛz sun ɛz wən səˈlɛkt səkˈsidz, ðə səˈlɛkʃən ɪz dən wi hæv tɪ ɪkˈsplɪsətli du ˈɛniˌθɪŋ ɪkˈsɛpt ˈbreɪkɪŋ frəm ðə lup. ðə səˈlɛkt ˈmɛθədz maɪt frəm taɪm tɪ taɪm ˈivɪn ˌdɪˈsaɪd tɪ blɑk ðə ˈkɑrənt θrɛd. ðə aɪˈdiə ɪz ðət wi ˈsɪmpli ˈɛksəˌkjut ðə seɪm sɛt əv səˈlɛkʃən ˈkeɪsɪz ɪn ə lup ənd breɪk ɛz sun ɛz wən əv ðɛm səkˈsidz. ɔl ðɛr ɪz tɪ ɪt! greɪt, bət haʊ wʊd ðət ˈrɪli wərk? ðə səˈlɛkt ˈmɛθədz ˈækˌsɛs ə ˈhɪdən steɪt məˈʃin tɪ træk ðə ˈkɑrənt steɪt əv səˈlɛkʃən. soʊ səˈlɛkʃən ˈæˌkʧuəli wərks ɛz ə steɪt məˈʃin huz ˈɪnˌpʊt ər kɔlz tɪ səˈlɛkt ˈmɛθədz. ɪn ðə fərst ˌɪtəˈreɪʃən əv ðə lup, ðə steɪt məˈʃin rɪˈmɛmbərz ðə fərst keɪs ənd kaʊnts haʊ ˈmɛni ˈkeɪsɪz ðɛr ər. ɔl ˈkeɪsɪz rɪˈtərn ˈɛrərz. ðɛn, ɪn ðə ˈsɛkənd ˌɪtəˈreɪʃən, ɪt goʊz əraʊnd əˈgɛn ənd əˈtɛmpts tɪ faɪər iʧ keɪs, ɛˈsɛnʃəli baɪ ˈkɔlɪŋ ənd ɪf ɔl traɪz feɪl, ðɛn ɪn ðə θərd ˌɪtəˈreɪʃən ɔl ˈkeɪsɪz rɪˈtərn ˈɛrərz əˈgɛn, bət ˈkeɪsɪz gɪt ˈrɛʤɪstərd əˈlɔŋ ðə weɪ ˈɪntu ðə steɪt kənˈdɪʃənəl ˈvɛriəbəl. ˈæftər kəmˈplitɪŋ ðə læst kɔl tɪ səˈlɛkt ɪn ðə θərd ˌɪtəˈreɪʃən, ðə ˈkɑrənt θrɛd ɪz blɑkt. ɛz sun ɛz ðə θrɛd ɪz ˈwoʊkən əp, ɪn ðə fɔrθ ˌɪtəˈreɪʃən, ɔl ˈkeɪsɪz rɪˈtərn ˈɛrərz, bət ˈʧænəlz gɪt ənˈrɛʤɪstərd frəm ðə kənˈdɪʃənəl ˈvɛriəbəl. ðə fɪθ ˌɪtəˈreɪʃən ɪz ðə seɪm ɛz ðə ˈsɛkənd keɪs wi əˈtɛmpt tɪ faɪər iʧ keɪs ɪn ˈɔrdər. ɪf ɔl ˈkeɪsɪz feɪl, wi kənˈtɪnju baɪ ˈrɛʤɪstərɪŋ ðɛm əˈgɛn. ɪt. ˈɑbviəsli, ðɛr məst bi səm rulz wən məst ˈfɑloʊ wɪn ˈkeɪsɪz ɪn ə səˈlɛkʃən: ɔl ˈkeɪsɪz məst əˈpɪr ɪn ðə seɪm ˈɔrdər. ɛz sun ɛz ə keɪs səkˈsidz, ðə lup məst bi ˈbroʊkən. ˈvaɪəleɪtɪŋ ðə rulz wʊd nɑt lɛd tɪ koʊd unsafety*, bət maɪt kɔz ˈdɛˌdlɑks, ənd ˈsɪmələr kaɪnz əv ˈwɪrdnəs. bət aɪ θɪŋk ðɪs ɪz nɑt ə bɪg kənˈsərn sɪns ðə rulz ər ˈizi tɪ əˈphoʊld. ənd ˈivɪn ɪf ðɛr ɪz səm ʧæns əv ˌæksəˈdɛnəli ˈbreɪkɪŋ ðɛm, aɪ bɪˈliv ðə ˌflɛksəˈbɪləti ðɪs səˈlɛkʃən ˈmɛkəˌnɪzəm wʊd gɪv ˈjuˈɛs ɪz ˈtoʊtəli wərθ ɪt. ˈfaɪnəli, fər əˈdɪʃənəl kənˈvinjəns wi kʊd ˈivɪn səˈpɔrt ə fju ˈspɛʃəl səˈlɛkʃən ˈkeɪsɪz, fər ɪgˈzæmpəl: lup ɪf səˈlɛkt ˈtaɪˌmaʊt ˈdʊˈreɪʃən 100 faɪərz ˈæftər 100 ˈmɪlɪˌsɛkəndz. breɪk ɪf səˈlɛkt ˌdɪskəˈnɛktɪd faɪərz ɪf ɔl səˈlɛktɪd ˈʧænəlz ər ˌdɪskəˈnɛktɪd. breɪk ˈfaɪnəl wərdz ðət wʊd bi ɔl! aɪ hoʊp ðɪs poʊst ʃɛd səm laɪt ˈɔntu səm əv ðə dɪˈsɪʒənz bɪˈhaɪnd ðə dɪˈzaɪn əv ənd ʃoʊd ðət mɔr tɪ bi dɪˈzaɪərd frəm ə ˈʧænəl ðət wət ɪt ˈɔfərz. ðə ɔlˈtərnətɪv ˈʧænəl ənd səˈlɛkʃən ʤɪst prəˈpoʊzd maɪt saʊnd tu æmˈbɪʃəs ər tu ənˌriˈlɪstɪk. ˈkəmɪŋ əp wɪθ ən ɪz ðə ˈiziəst pɑrt, bət haʊ wʊd wən ˈivɪn ˈɪmpləmənt ɪt, ənd æt ðə seɪm taɪm ˈɔlsoʊ ˌɪmˈpruv pərˈfɔrməns ˈoʊvər wɛl, ðət ɪz ðə kˈwɛʃən aɪ wɔnt tɪ ˈænsər ɪn ə ˈfɑloʊˌəp poʊst.
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in this post, i’m going to take a critical look at channels in rust’s standard library and present multiple issues i have with it.
before starting, i should note that there are good reasons why the channels are designed the way they are. some of them boil down to the minimalistic philosophy of the standard library, some have to do with rust’s history, and some are simply “nobody has done it better yet”.
finally, i’ll try to rethink the channel api and design one that is cleaner and more flexible. that will be a channel that might or might not be a good fit for the standard library, but in any case would certainly work well as an addition to crossbeam.
how to actually implement that api will be a topic for another post.
a look at go’s channels
recently i’ve been fiddling with go and digging into the internals of its channel implementation. channels are the most important feature of go - in fact, there isn’t much to go other than channels and goroutines!
to illustrate what its channels can do, consider the following function:
func match ( name string , c chan string ) { select { case peer := <- c : fmt . printf ( "%s received a message from %s.
" , name , peer ) case c <- name : // wait for someone to receive my message. } }
here we select over two operations:
receive a message from channel c . send name through channel c .
the program blocks until one of the operations succeeds. it’s also important to say that exactly one operation will succeed. in particular, it is not possible for these two operations to pair up - the first case cannot receive name from the second case.
selection allows for very flexible and composable synchronization. i think go’s channels are great, and in a way, they’re definitely an ideal for channels in other languages to strive towards.
one of the most common criticisms, however, is that go’s channels are slow. and, indeed, they are not terribly performant. it’s extremely difficult to implement a channel that is any faster but still just as powerful.
all that said, this post doesn’t really aim to compare go and rust. i’m intentionally pointing out the good parts of go’s channels only, but they do come with a series of their own warts, which i won’t be analyzing here.
with that in mind, let’s now turn to rust…
problems with rust’s channels
rust has channels in the standard library within the std::sync::mpsc module.
although the rest of the post will be very critical, my opinion is that they’re generally well designed. for example, i quite like how disconnection works: as soon as all senders or all receivers get dropped, the channel is disconnected. neat.
but… rust’s channels also come with several oddities. here’s one:
problem #1: there is no send_timeout method.
receiver has a blocking method recv_timeout that simply times out after a specified period instead of blocking forever. it would make perfect sense for syncsender to have a similarly named method send_timeout , blocking while the channel is full.
but this method doesn’t exist. why? i honestly don’t know.
problem #2: sender should implement sync , but doesn’t.
a rather common annoyance with channels is that senders can’t be simply shared by reference among multiple threads. they have to be cloned instead.
but that is not always good enough. for example, in hyper (a http library) the following is a common idiom:
let ( tx , rx ) = channel (); server :: http ( addr ) .listen ( move | req , res | { tx .send ( "request!" ); // tx does not implement sync });
this doesn’t compile because tx cannot be shared among multiple threads. the obvious, but also a slow and unpleasant solution would be:
let ( tx , rx ) = channel (); let tx = mutex :: new ( tx ); server :: http ( addr ) .listen ( move | req , res | { tx .lock () .unwrap () .send ( "request!" ); });
if sender implemented sync , however, this problem would be trivially solved.
in nightly rust (as of pr #42397) that snippet would work if we used sync_channel instead of channel . so the good news is that syncsender now implements sync .
but why doesn’t sender implement sync as well? alex crichton, one of the main authors of rust’s channels, states:
it’s a real bummer that sender isn’t sync. it should be basically!
so yes, sender should implement sync , but it doesn’t, and the reason is that it’s very difficult to make the current implementation thread-safe. that’s just unfortunate, but it is what it is.
problem #3: bounded channels are slow.
channels in rust are often praised for good performance. that’s part true, part false.
unbounded channels are great - they’re performant and highly concurrent. the implementation keeps track of the number of senders and counts the number of messages sent, and then uses one of the three variants, dynamically switching between them as needed:
oneshot variant: when the sender wasn’t cloned, and at most one message has been sent. single-sender variant: when the sender wasn’t cloned, but at least two messages have been sent. multi-sender variant: when the sender was cloned.
this means that the channel dynamically adapts to different workloads by switching the underlying structure. moreover, these implementations use mostly-lock-free algorithms, which makes them pretty fast. fantastic!
but this optimization is not a free lunch: dynamic switching between variants is exactly what prevents sender from implementing sync . it’s very difficult to make all this machinery thread-safe. in other words, the tradeoff is between performance and ergonomics, and in this case, we get performance.
bounded channels, on the other hand, are essentially just a mutex<vecdeque<t>> and a condvar . in my benchmarks, they are even slower than go’s channels, which are often criticized for bad performance. bounded channels don’t come with any cool optimization tricks.
a bit of trivia: rust used to have fast mostly-lock-free bounded queues in the standard library in the pre-1.0 era. but those were just primitive queues, not channels. the difficult part is how to add channel-like features to a queue (blocking operations, selection, etc.).
to summarize: unbounded channels are fast, and bounded channels are slow.
problem #4: sender and syncsender are distinct types, but they don’t have to be.
channels can be constructed using the following two functions:
fn channel < t > ( cap : usize ) -> ( sender < t > , receiver < t > ); fn sync_channel < t > ( cap : usize ) -> ( syncsender < t > , receiver < t > );
it’s a bit peculiar how the return types share receiver , but at the same time, sender and syncsender are split into two distinct types. why is that so?
i don’t know the answer to that question since the split is completely unnecessary. both kinds of senders could be conflated to the same type without any problems.
in fact, this works very well for the chan crate. one might argue that sender and syncsender are different enough to deserve the split (one is asynchronous and the other is synchronous), but i’m not convinced.
i think the price of lost ergonomics is higher than whatever gains we might get from having the split.
problem #5: selection doesn’t support send operations.
rust has the unstable select! macro, but it can only select among multiple receive operations. sends are not supported. this fact alone already makes channels comparatively much less powerful than go’s channels.
the example presented in the first part simply isn’t possible to express using rust’s channels.
problem #6: select! is informally deprecated.
in issue #12902 a wart in the select! macro was reported, but the issue was closed and won’t be fixed. alex finishes the discussion with:
the select! macro is sort of defacto deprecated nowadays in the sense that “selection over a number of events” is best done with the futures crate outside the standard library.
problem #7: dynamic selection is unsafe and unergonomic.
there’s another way of selecting over multiple channel operations: by using the select struct. this is more powerful than select! because it allows us to arbitrarily choose the set of cases during runtime, rather than enumerating a fixed set of cases in a macro.
in other words, select is dynamic, while select! is static.
the main problem with select is that it’s not pretty to use - just look at this simplified snippet from servo:
let mut event = { let sel = select :: new (); let mut script_port = sel .handle ( & self .port ); let mut control_port = sel .handle ( & self .control_port ); unsafe { script_port .add (); control_port .add (); } let ret = sel .wait (); if ret == script_port .id () { fromscript ( self .port .recv () .unwrap ()) } else if ret == control_port .id () { fromconstellation ( self .control_port .recv () .unwrap ()) } else { panic! ( "unexpected select result" ) } };
the api is even unsafe! and due to all the repetition, it’s easy to accidentally get it wrong.
i get the impression that channel selection in rust is stuck in the wrong direction. it does work… mostly, but also doesn’t seem like the right solution. we can probably do better than that.
selection almost certainly won’t be stabilized and is likely to be deprecated. perhaps even removed?
commonly suggested alternatives that do support selection are chan and tokio. the problem with chan is that it’s very inefficient - performance is explicitly a non-goal. and tokio, while a good solution, is simply not a drop-in replacement.
the ideal channel
i’ve been thinking about the design and implementation of channels for a long time, refusing to accept the compromises it has made. there must be a better way to design and implement channels!
so let’s take a step back, start from scratch, and ask the following question: what would our ideal channel look like? for the moment, let’s be a bit optimistic and assume that implementation issues are not of much concern.
i’d like to present an api for my “perfect” channel. it probably won’t be a good fit for the standard library to replace std::sync::mpsc , but might be a nice addition to crossbeam.
first of all, i don’t like the synchronous/asynchronous terminology, and would much prefer bounded/unbounded, which i think feels less confusing. secondly, i think sender and syncsender should really be the same type.
let’s start with channel construction, which might look like this:
fn unbounded < t > () -> ( sender < t > , receiver < t > ); fn bounded < t > ( cap : usize ) -> ( sender < t > , receiver < t > );
so far so good.
next up is the interface for sender and receiver :
struct sender < t > { ... } struct receiver < t > { ... } impl < t > sender < t > { fn try_send ( & self , value : t ) -> result < (), trysenderror < t >> ; fn send ( & self , value : t ) -> result < (), senderror < t >> ; fn send_timeout ( & self , value : t , dur : duration ) -> result < (), sendtimeouterror < t >> ; } impl < t > receiver < t > { fn try_recv ( & self ) -> result < t , tryrecverror > ; fn recv ( & self ) -> result < t , recverror > ; fn recv_timeout ( & self , dur : duration ) -> result < t , recvtimeouterror > ; } impl < t > clone for sender < t > { ... } impl < t > clone for receiver < t > { ... } unsafe impl < t : send > send for sender < t > {} unsafe impl < t : send > sync for sender < t > {} unsafe impl < t : send > send for receiver < t > {} unsafe impl < t : send > sync for receiver < t > {}
note how symmetrical and simple sender and receiver are: both have a triple of try_x / x / x_timeout methods.
moreover, both sender and receiver are cloneable and implement send and sync . this makes the channel an mpmc (multi-producer multi-consumer).
sharing channels among multiple threads is very easy and unintrusive. if you want to clone senders and receivers to share - that’s okay, and if you want to share by reference - that’s also okay. your choice!
obviously, now that we have multiple receivers, this means that we’ll have to use crossbeam to take care of concurrent memory deallocation.
finally, performance is paramount: wrapping the guts of a channel in a mutex is a non-starter. there are ways to implement concurrent queues using atomic operations, and we shouldn’t accept anything less than that. preferably, i’d like the unbounded variant to be as fast as std::sync::mpsc::channel and bounded variant to be much faster than std::sync::mpsc::sync_channel .
the ideal select
regarding selection, i’m going to immediately impose three difficult constraints:
both send and receive operations must be supported. scratch hacky macros - selection must always be dynamic. the api must be safe.
i’ve spent a long time pondering what would an api satisfying these constraints even look like, let alone how would one go about implementing it. and in the end this is what i came up with:
impl < t > sender < t > { fn select ( & self , value : t ) -> result < (), t > ; } impl < t > receiver < t > { fn select ( & self ) -> result < t , () > ; }
both ends of the channel come with select methods. they are in fact very similar to try_send and try_recv .
to show what exactly these methods do, let’s jump straight to reimplementing the match function from the introductory go example.
fn match ( mut name : string , tx : & sender < string > , rx : & receiver < string > ) { loop { if let ok ( peer ) = rx .select () { println! ( "{} received a message from {}." , name , peer ); break ; } if let err ( s ) = tx .select ( name ) { name = s ; } else { // wait for someone to receive my message. break ; } } }
ok, what’s going on here? why do we have a loop here?
it’s best to think of select methods as magical equivalents to try_send and try_recv . we don’t have to explicitly mark the beginning of selection - that is automatic. likewise, as soon as one select succeeds, the selection is done - we don’t have to explicitly do anything except breaking from the loop. the select methods might from time to time even decide to block the current thread.
the idea is that we simply execute the same set of selection cases in a loop and break as soon as one of them succeeds. that’s all there is to it!
great, but how would that really work?
the select methods access a hidden thread-local state machine to track the current state of selection. so selection actually works as a behind-the-scenes state machine whose input are calls to select methods.
in the first iteration of the loop, the state machine remembers the first case and counts how many cases there are. all cases return errors.
then, in the second iteration, it goes around again and attempts to fire each case, essentially by calling try_recv and try_send .
if all tries fail, then in the third iteration all cases return errors again, but cases get registered along the way into the state machine’s conditional variable. after completing the last call to select in the third iteration, the current thread is blocked.
as soon as the thread is woken up, in the fourth iteration, all cases return errors, but channels get unregistered from the conditional variable.
the fifth iteration is the same as the second case - we attempt to fire each case in order. if all cases fail, we continue by registering them again.
that’s it. obviously, there must be some rules one must follow when enumerating cases in a selection:
all cases must appear in the same order. as soon as a case succeeds, the loop must be broken.
violating the rules would not lead to code unsafety, but might cause deadlocks, and similar kinds of weirdness. but i think this is not a big concern since the rules are easy to uphold. and even if there is some chance of accidentally breaking them, i believe the flexibility this selection mechanism would give us is totally worth it.
finally, for additional convenience we could even support a few special selection cases, for example:
loop { // ... if select :: timeout ( duration :: from_ms ( 100 )) { // fires after 100 milliseconds. break ; } if select :: disconnected () { // fires if all selected channels are disconnected. break ; } }
final words
that would be all! i hope this post shed some light onto some of the decisions behind the design of std::sync::mpsc and showed that there’s more to be desired from a channel that what it offers.
the alternative channel and selection api i’ve just proposed might sound too ambitious or too unrealistic. coming up with an api is the easiest part, but how would one even implement it, and at the same time also improve performance over std::sync::mpsc ?
well, that is the question i want to answer in a follow-up post.
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ðɪs həz bɪn ðə ˈstreɪnʤɪst pəˈlɪtɪkəl kæmˈpeɪn ˈɛniˌwən kən rɪˈmɛmbər, ənd noʊ wən, frəm ˈɛni pəˈlɪtɪkəl ˈfækʃən ɪn ˈpoʊlənd wɪl bi ˈsɑri tɪ si ɪt ɛnd. ðə kæmˈpeɪn həz bɪn streɪnʤ bɪˈkəz əv ɪts ˈtaɪmɪŋ: ˈəndər ˈnɔrməl ˈsərkəmˌstænsɪz, noʊ wən wʊd hoʊld ən ɪˈlɛkʃən ɔn wət ɪz, ɪn ˈifɛkt, ðə fərst ˈwiˌkɪnd əv ˈsəmər veɪˈkeɪʃən. nɔr wʊd ˈɛniˌwən hoʊld ən ɪˈlɛkʃən ʤɪst ə fju wiks ˈæftər ˈhɛvi reɪnz kɔzd ˈmeɪʤər ˈflədɪŋ θruaʊt ðə ˈkəntri. bət ˌʤuˈlaɪ 4 ɪz ˈpoʊlɪŋ deɪ bɪˈkəz ðə ˈpɑlɪʃ ˌkɑnstəˈtuʃən sɛd ɪt hæd tɪ bi. ˈfɑloʊɪŋ ðə dɛθ əv ðə ˈfɔrmər ˈprɛzɪdənt, lɛk kəˈʧɪnski ɪn ə ˈtræʤɪk ənd ənˈkæni pleɪn kræʃ ɪn smoʊˈlɛnsk, ˈrəʃə læst ˈeɪprəl, ðə ˈgəvərnmənt wɑz əˈblaɪʤd tɪ hoʊld ˈərli ɪˈlɛkʃənz, ənd ˈsæˌtɪˌdeɪ ɪz ðə deɪ rikˈwaɪərd. ðə kæmˈpeɪn həz ˈɔlsoʊ bɪn streɪnʤ bɪˈkəz əv ɪts pɑrˈtɪsəpənts ər ˈrəðər bɪˈkəz əv wən əv ɪts pɑrˈtɪsəpənts. wər ɪt nɑt fər ðət pleɪn kræʃ, ðə leɪt ˈprɛzɪdənt wʊd bi ˈrənɪŋ fər re-election*. ˌɪnˈstɛd, hɪz aɪˈdɛntɪkəl twɪn ˈbrəðər, kəˈʧɪnski, ɪz ˈrənɪŋ ɪn hɪz pleɪs. "jarek*" tʊk ðə dɪˈsɪʒən tɪ ˈkɛri ɔn ðə ˈfæməli ˈlɛgəsi æt ən ˌɛkstrəˈɔrdəˌnɛri ˈmoʊmənt: ˈæftər ðə kræʃ, ənd ˈæftər ˈsɛvərəl wiks əv ˈnæʃənəl ˈmɔrnɪŋ, fˈjunərəlz ənd məˈmɔriəl ˈsərvɪsɪz, nɑt ˈoʊnli fər hɪz ˈbrəðər bət ˈɔlsoʊ fər səm 90 ˈəðər ˌpɑləˈtɪʃənz ənd ˈpəblɪk ˈfɪgjərz ɔn bɔrd ðə ˈprɛzɪdənts pleɪn, ˈmɛni əv hum hi nu ɛz wɛl. ɛz ə rɪˈzəlt, ðɪs ɪˈlɛkʃən həz hæd ə pɪˈkjuljərli ɛr. ˌɪnˈstɛd əv ðə ˈnɔrməl bæk ənd fɔrθ wən wʊd ɪkˈspɛkt ɪn ə ˈnæʃənəl kæmˈpeɪn, ðə ˈkænədɪts hæv kɛpt ˌɪnˈsəlts tɪ ə ˈmɪnəməm. ˈmeɪʤər ˈkɑnflɪkts hæv bɪn əˈvɔɪdɪd. ˌækjəˈzeɪʃənz əv ˈtrizən ənd kərˈəpʃən ˈnɛvər materialised*. ˌɔlˈðoʊ ɪt ɪz ˈɔlˌmoʊst də ɪn ˈpɑlɪʃ ˈpɑləˌtɪks tɪ kleɪm ðət wən noʊz əv ðə ɪgˈzɪstəns əv ˈkɑmprəˌmaɪzɪŋ məˈtɪriəl ɪn wənz əˈpoʊnənts' oʊld ˈkɑmjənəst pəˈlis faɪlz, ðət kaɪnd əv ˈnɛgətɪv kæmˈpeɪnɪŋ həz ˈimərʤd ˈoʊnli ɔn ðə ˈmɑrʤənz əv ðɪs ɪˈlɛkʃən. ðɪs ˈpəblɪk ˈætməsˌfɪr həz pʊt kəˈʧɪnskiz əˈpoʊnənt, kəmərˈɔfski, ɪn ə ˈdɪfəkəlt pəˈzɪʃən. kəmərˈɔfski ɪz ðə ˈæktɪŋ ˈprɛzɪdənt ənd ə ˈmɛmbər əv ðə ˈsɪvɪk ˈplætˌfɔrm, ðə ˈrulɪŋ ˈpɑrti ɪn ˈpoʊlənd. hi həz ˈɔlsoʊ bɪn ˈlidɪŋ ɪn moʊst poʊlz, wɑz ðə ˈvɪktər ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə fərst raʊnd əv ðɪs ˌprɛzɪˈdɛnʃəl ɪˈlɛkʃən, ənd dɪˈfitɪd maɪ ˈhəzbənd, ðə ˈpɑlɪʃ ˈfɔrən ˈmɪnɪstər, ɪn ˈpɑrti ˈpraɪˌmɛriz læst ˈwɪntər. ˌnɛvərðəˈlɛs ðə toʊn əv hɪz kæmˈpeɪn həz bɪn fɑr frəm əˈsərtɪv ər vɪkˈtɔriəs. ɔn ðə ˈkɑntrɛri, hɪz ˈlæŋgwɪʤ ənd hɪz kæmˈpeɪn sˈloʊgən "aɪ bɪld əˈgrimənt" hæv bɪn kɛpt dɪˈlɪbərətli maɪld. ˈklɪrli hi həz bɪn traɪɪŋ nɑt tɪ saʊnd tu məʧ laɪk ə ˈkrɪtɪk əv ðə dɛd ˈprɛzɪdənt, ˈivɪn waɪl ˈkɛrfəli hɪz aɪˈdɛntɪkəl twɪn. bət kəˈʧɪnski, ðə bərˈivd twɪn ˈbrəðər, həz ˈtrɑdən ˈivɪn mɔr ˈsɔftli. hi ɪz traɪɪŋ nɑt tɪ saʊnd wɛl, traɪɪŋ nɑt tɪ saʊnd tu məʧ laɪk hɪmˈsɛlf. fər hir ɪz əˈnəðər ˈɑdəti əv ðɪs ɪˈlɛkʃən kæmˈpeɪn: ðoʊ noʊ wən məʧ sɛd soʊ ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə ˈæftərˌmæθ, ðə leɪt ˈprɛzɪdənt wɑz ɪkˈstrimli ˌənˈpɑpjələr æt ðə taɪm hɪz pleɪn kræʃt. hɪz twɪn, hu wɑz praɪm ˈmɪnɪstər əv ˈpoʊlənd fər ə brif bət ˌtuˈməˌlʧuəs tərm ɪn 2006 ənd 2007 wɑz ˈivɪn mɔr ˈwaɪdli dɪsˈlaɪkt. boʊθ wər noʊn fər ðɛr dɪˈvaɪsɪv ˈtæktɪks, fər ðɛr əˈbreɪsɪv ˈlæŋgwɪʤ, fər ðɛr ˈʤɛnərəl səˈspɪʃən əv ˈfɔrənərz ənd fər ðɛr ˈdaʊnˌraɪt əˈgrɛsɪv əˈtæks ɔn boʊθ ˈʤərməni ənd ˈrəʃə. sɪns ðə smoʊˈlɛnsk kræʃ həz, hi sɪz, ˌriɪnˈvɛntɪd hɪmˈsɛlf. hɪz əˈfɪʃəl sˈloʊgən ɪz ˈivɪn mɔr dɪˈlɪbərətli dəl ðən ðət əv hɪz əˈpoʊnənt ("ˈpoʊlənd ɪz ðə moʊst ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt") ənd hɪz ˌənəˈfɪʃəl ˈɑrgjəmənt rikˈwaɪərz ə lip əv feɪθ: "voʊt fər mi, bɪˈkəz aɪ hæv ʧeɪnʤd." hɪz ˈtæktɪks hæv bɪn riˈstreɪnd, hɪz ˈrɛtərɪk ˈlɪmɪtɪd. hi həz ˈgɪvɪn fju ˈɪntərvˌjuz, ðoʊ hi həz meɪd dɪˈlɪbərˌeɪt ɪkˈsɛpʃənz fər ə ˈʤərmən ˈnuzˌpeɪpər, daɪ wɛlt, ənd fər ˈrəʃən ˈtɛləˌvɪʒən, ɛz ɪf tɪ ʃoʊ hi həz noʊ mɔr hɑrd ˈfilɪŋz. hi ˈhæzənt meɪd ˈmɛni ˈpəblɪk əˈpɪrənsəz ənd hi ˈhæzənt sɛd məʧ əˈbaʊt hɪz əˈpoʊnənt. ɪn fækt, hi ˈhæzənt sɛd məʧ æt ɔl, nɑt ˈivɪn əˈbaʊt ðə smoʊˈlɛnsk kræʃ, ˌɔlˈðoʊ ðɛr hæv bɪn sɪmˈbɑlɪk əˈluʒənz tɪ ðət ɪˈvɛnt. ˈmɑrtə kaczynska*, ðə ˈdɔtər əv ðə leɪt ˈprɛzɪdənt ənd ðə leɪt fərst ˈleɪdi, həz əˈpɪrd æt hər ˈəŋkəlz saɪd ɔn ə ˈnəmbər əv ɔˈkeɪʒənz, ɛz ɪf tɪ riˈmaɪnd ˈvoʊtərz əv ðə ˈtræʤədi. wɪn hi dɪz tɔk, kəˈʧɪnski saʊnz lɛs laɪk ðə ˈrædɪkəl hi ɪz rɪˈpjutɪd tɪ bi, ənd mɔr laɪk ðə ˈaɪdiəlɔgz əˈgɛnst hum, ɛz ə ˈmɛmbər əv ðə ˌɑpəˈzɪʃən, hi ˌθiərˈɛtɪkəli fɔt fər soʊ ˈmɛni jɪrz. hɑrd ðoʊ ðɪs wɪl bi fər ˈbrɪtɪʃ ˈvoʊtərz tɪ ˌəndərˈstænd, kəˈʧɪnski, ðoʊ ˈjuʒəwəli dɪˈskraɪbd ɛz "fɑr raɪt" ənd "eurosceptic*" ɪn fækt ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnts ə pɪˈkjuljər fɔrm əv anti-liberal*, ˈsteɪtɪst ˈpɑpjəˌlɪzəm. hi ˈfeɪvərz steɪt ˌɪnərˈfɪrəns ɪn ðə ɪˈkɑnəmi, trits ðə wərd "ˈpraɪvətəˈzeɪʃən" laɪk ə slər ənd θˈrɛtənz tɪ ˈviˌtoʊ ˈlɪˌbərəl ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk rɪˈfɔrmz. ɪn ðə pæst fju deɪz, hi ˈlævɪʃt səm kaɪnd wərdz ɔn wən əv ˈpoʊləndz ˈfɔrmər ˈkɑmjənəst ˈpɑrti ˈsɛkrəˌtɛriz, ˈhɪntɪŋ æt hɪz ˌædmərˈeɪʃən fər ðə "əˌθɔrəˈtɛriəˌnɪzəm wɪθ ə ˈjumən feɪs" wɪʧ ˈpɑlɪʃ ˈkɑmjənəsts traɪd tɪ ˈprɑpəˌgeɪt ɪn ðə 1970s*. laɪk hɪz leɪt ˈbrəðər, hu ˈwɔntɪd tɪ ˈfɑloʊ ɪn ðə ˈfʊtˌstɛps əv ˈgɔrdən braʊn læst jɪr, kəˈʧɪnski simz kwaɪt kin ɔn ˈreɪzɪŋ steɪt ɪkˈspɛndɪʧərz tu. ənd nɑt ˈoʊnli ˈpoʊləndz steɪt ɪkˈspɛndɪʧərz: ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə ˈsɛkənd ˈtɛləˌvɪʒən dəˈbeɪt ɔn ˈwɛnzˌdeɪ naɪt, hi kɔld fər ˈlɑrʤər ˈpeɪmənts tɪ ˈpɑlɪʃ ˈfɑrmərz frəm ðə ˌjʊrəˈpiən ˈjunjənz ˈkɑmən ˌægrɪˈkəlʧərəl ˈpɑləsi, ə pəˈzɪʃən wɪʧ ˈprɑbəˌbli ˈdəzənt saʊnd ˈvɛri "eurosceptic*" tɪ ˈbrɪtɪʃ ɪrz. ɪt wɪl bi ˈivɪn mɔr ˈdɪfəkəlt, ˌhaʊˈɛvər, fər ˈbrɪtɪʃ ˈvoʊtərz tɪ ˌəndərˈstænd waɪ kəˈʧɪnskiz riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪp wɪθ ðə ˈbrɪtɪʃ kənˈsərvətɪv ˈpɑrti həz ˈɔlsoʊ bɪn ən ˈɪʃu ɪn ðɪs ɪˈlɛkʃən. fər ˈrizənz bɛst noʊn tɪ hɪmˈsɛlf, ˈdeɪvɪd ˈkæmərən ˌdɪˈsaɪdɪd tɪ rɪˈsiv kəˈʧɪnski ɪn ˈləndən læst wik, ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə læst wik əv ðə ˈpɑlɪʃ kæmˈpeɪn. fər kəˈʧɪnski, ðɪs wɑz ə ˈmeɪʤər ku: ɪt əˈlaʊd ɪm tɪ kleɪm "səˈpɔrt" frəm ðə ˈtɔri ˈpɑrti fər hɪz kæmˈpeɪn, ənd hɛlpt ˈəndərˌlaɪn hɪz "nu" ˈfrɛndli ˈætəˌtud tɪ ˈfɔrənərz. əm nɑt ʃʊr wət ɪt dɪd fər ˈkæmərən, sɪns bɪɔnd ðə fækt ðət hi ənd kəˈʧɪnski ər ˈmɛmbərz əv ðə seɪm ˈfrækʃən ɪn ðə ˌjʊrəˈpiən ˈpɑrləmɛnt aɪ doʊnt si ðət ðeɪ hæv tu məʧ ɪn ˈkɑmən. ˈnɛvər maɪnd: pərˈhæps ɪt ɪz bɛst tɪ trit ðət streɪnʤ ˈmitɪŋ ɛz əˈnəðər ɑd twɪst ɪn ə kæmˈpeɪn wɪʧ həz ˈoʊnli groʊn ˈɑdər ɛz ɪt həz riʧt ɪts kənˈkluʒən. kəmərˈɔfski həz ðə ˈbækɪŋ əv ðə ˈgəvərnmənt. bət kəˈʧɪnski həz wən məʧ ˈsɪmpəθi fər hɪz ˈpərsɪnəl ˈtræʤədi. ˈniðər wən əv ðɛm həz ˈrɪli hæd ðə hɑrt tɪ əˈtæk ðə ˈəðər, ər ˈivɪn tɪ sɪŋ hɪz oʊn ˈpreɪzɪz, ɛz ˌpɑləˈtɪʃənz ˈjuʒəwəli du. bɪˈkəz ðɪs ɪz nɑt ə ˈnɔrməl ɪˈlɛkʃən, ɪt meɪ wɛl nɑt hæv ə ˈnɔrməl ˈaʊtˌkəm, ənd aɪ æm nɑt goʊɪŋ tɪ prɪˈdɪkt hu wɪl wɪn. aɪ wɪl ʤɔɪn ðə rɛst əv ˈkəntri, ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ɪn ˈfilɪŋ ə dip sɛns əv rɪˈlif wɪn ɪt ɪz ˈoʊvər æt læst.
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this has been the strangest political campaign anyone can remember, and no one, from any political faction in poland , will be sorry to see it end.
the campaign has been strange because of its timing: under normal circumstances, no one would hold an election on what is, in effect, the first weekend of summer vacation. nor would anyone hold an election just a few weeks after heavy rains caused major flooding throughout the country.
but july 4 is polling day because the polish constitution said it had to be.
following the death of the former president, lech kaczynski , in a tragic and uncanny plane crash in smolensk, russia , last april, the government was obliged to hold early elections, and saturday is the day required.
the campaign has also been strange because of its participants – or rather because of one of its participants. were it not for that plane crash, the late president would be running for re-election. instead, his identical twin brother, jaroslaw kaczynski, is running in his place.
"jarek" took the decision to carry on the family legacy at an extraordinary moment: after the crash, and after several weeks of national mourning, funerals and memorial services, not only for his brother but also for some 90 other politicians and public figures on board the president's plane, many of whom he knew as well.
as a result, this election has had a peculiarly sombre air. instead of the normal back and forth one would expect in a national campaign, the candidates have kept insults to a minimum. major conflicts have been avoided. accusations of treason and corruption never materialised. although it is almost de rigeur in polish politics to claim that one knows of the existence of compromising material in one's opponents' old communist police files, that kind of negative campaigning has emerged only on the margins of this election.
this funereal public atmosphere has put kaczynski's opponent, bronislaw komorowski, in a difficult position. komorowski is the acting president and a member of the centre-right civic platform, the ruling party in poland.
he has also been leading in most polls, was the victor during the first round of this presidential election, and defeated my husband, the polish foreign minister, in party primaries last winter.
nevertheless the tone of his campaign has been far from assertive or victorious. on the contrary, his language and his campaign slogan - "i build agreement" - have been kept deliberately mild. clearly he has been trying not to sound too much like a critic of the dead president, even while carefully criticising his identical twin.
but kaczynski, the bereaved twin brother, has trodden even more softly. he is trying not to sound – well, trying not to sound too much like himself. for here is another oddity of this election campaign: though no one much said so during the aftermath, the late president was extremely unpopular at the time his plane crashed.
his twin, who was prime minister of poland for a brief but tumultuous term in 2006 and 2007, was even more widely disliked.
both were known for their divisive tactics, for their abrasive language, for their general suspicion of foreigners and for their downright aggressive attacks on both germany and russia.
since the smolensk crash jaroslaw kacznyski has, he says, reinvented himself. his official slogan is even more deliberately dull than that of his opponent ("poland is the most important") and his unofficial argument requires a leap of faith: "vote for me, because i have changed."
his tactics have been restrained, his rhetoric limited. he has given few interviews, though he has made deliberate exceptions for a german newspaper, die welt, and for russian television, as if to show he has no more hard feelings.
he hasn't made many public appearances and he hasn't said much about his opponent. in fact, he hasn't said much at all, not even about the smolensk crash, although there have been symbolic allusions to that event. marta kaczynska, the daughter of the late president and the late first lady, has appeared at her uncle's side on a number of occasions, as if to remind voters of the tragedy.
when he does talk, kaczynski sounds less like the right-wing radical he is reputed to be, and more like the left-wing ideologues against whom, as a member of the anti-communist opposition, he theoretically fought for so many years.
hard though this will be for british voters to understand, kaczynski, though usually described as "far right" and "eurosceptic" in fact represents a peculiar form of anti-liberal, statist populism. he favours state interference in the economy, treats the word "privatisation" like a slur and threatens to veto liberal economic reforms.
in the past few days, he lavished some kind words on one of poland's former communist party secretaries, hinting at his admiration for the "authoritarianism with a human face" which polish communists tried to propagate in the 1970s.
like his late brother, who wanted to follow in the footsteps of gordon brown last year, kaczynski seems quite keen on raising state expenditures too.
and not only poland's state expenditures: during the second television debate on wednesday night, he called for larger payments to polish farmers from the european union's common agricultural policy, a position which probably doesn't sound very "eurosceptic" to british ears.
it will be even more difficult, however, for british voters to understand why kaczynski's relationship with the british conservative party has also been an issue in this election.
for reasons best known to himself, david cameron decided to receive kaczynski in london last week, during the last week of the polish campaign. for kaczynski, this was a major coup: it allowed him to claim "support" from the tory party for his campaign, and helped underline his "new" friendly attitude to foreigners.
i'm not sure what it did for cameron, since - beyond the fact that he and kaczynski are members of the same fraction in the european parliament – i don't see that they have too much in common.
never mind: perhaps it is best to treat that strange meeting as another odd twist in a campaign which has only grown odder as it has reached its conclusion.
komorowski has the backing of the still-popular government. but kaczynski has won much sympathy for his personal tragedy. neither one of them has really had the heart to attack the other, or even to sing his own praises, as politicians usually do.
because this is not a normal election, it may well not have a normal outcome, and i am not going to predict who will win.
i will join the rest of country, however, in feeling a deep sense of relief when it is over at last.
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there’s* mɔr triz ənd ˈænəməlz ɔn ðə ˈplænət təˈdeɪ ðən ˈɛvər ˌbiˈfɔr θæŋks tɪ ˈfɑsəl fjuəlz, ə prəˈfɛsər toʊld ə rum fʊl əv ˌjunəˈvərsəti əv ˈmɪʃɪgən ˈstudənts ˈwɛnzˌdeɪ. ˈmɛni əˈsaɪn bleɪm fər dɪˌfɔrɪˈsteɪʃən ənd ˈænəməl ɪkˈstɪŋʃən ɔn ˈfɑsəl fjuəlz, wɪn ɪn ˌriˈæləˌti moʊst əv ɪt əˈkərd wɛl ˌbiˈfɔr ðə ˈwaɪdˈsprɛd ˌɪntrəˈdəkʃən əv ɔɪl ənd koʊl juz, sɛd ˈdɑktər. piɛr deɪˈroʊʃərz, əˈsoʊʃiˌeɪt prəˈfɛsər əv ʤiˈɑgrəfi æt ðə ˌjunəˈvərsəti əv tərˈɑntoʊ ənd ˈsinjər ˈfɛloʊ æt ðə ˈsɛnər fər ˌɪnˈdəstriəl ˈprɑˌgrɛs. ðə gɛst ˈlɛkʧərər keɪm ɛz səm ˈstudənts dɪˈmænd ðə ˈpəblɪk ˌjunəˈvərsəti dɪˈvɛst frəm ˈkəmpəˌniz ðət ˈprɑfɪt frəm ˈfɑsəl fjuəlz, ˈkɔlɪŋ səʧ dɪˈvɛsmənt ə ˈmɔrəl ʧɔɪs ənd weɪ tɪ faɪt ˈklaɪmɪt ʧeɪnʤ. bət deɪˈroʊʃərz ˌɪnˈvaɪtɪd tɪ ˈkæmpəs tɪ ˈɑrgju ðə keɪs fər ˈfɑsəl fuels”*” sɛd dɪˈvɛsmənt wʊd kɔz mɔr ˈprɑbləmz ənd sɑlv fju, ɪf ˈɛni. hi toʊld ðə 125 ər soʊ ˈstudənts ɪn ðə ˈɔdiəns ðət ˌbiˈfɔr ðə dɪˈvɛləpmənt əv ˈfɑsəl fjuəl juz, ˈænəməlz wər sˈlɔtərd ɔn ə ˈmæsɪv skeɪl fər fud, ˈkloʊðɪŋ ənd ˈmɛni ˈəðər ˈjuzɪz, ənd ˈfɔrəsts wər reɪzd fər wʊd. ɪn fækt, ˈpɑsəbli ɛz məʧ ɛz 90 pərˈsɛnt əv ˈænəməl ɪkˈstɪŋʃən ənd dɪˌfɔrɪˈsteɪʃən əˈpɪrd ˌbiˈfɔr ðə ˌɪntrəˈdəkʃən əv ˈfɑsəl fjuəlz, hi sɛd. bət ðə juz əv koʊl ənd ɔɪl rɪˈvərst ðət trɛnd, hi ˈædɪd, ˈnoʊtɪŋ koʊl hɛlpt ˌriˈpleɪs ˈfaɪərˌwʊd ənd ˈʧɑrˌkoʊl ɪn ˈmɛni ˈɪnstənsɪz. mɔˈroʊvər, ˈtræktərz wər ˌɪnˈvɛntɪd, prəˈdusɪŋ fud ˈfæstər ənd mɔr ɪˈfɪʃəntli. ˈfɔrɪst ˈkəvər, wɪʧ hæd bɪn ˈdiˌkrisɪŋ ənˈtɪl ðɛn tɪ meɪk weɪ fər ˈfɑrmˌlænd ənd fər wʊd tɪ səˈplaɪ fjuəl, ˈstɑrtɪd ˌɪnˈkrisɪŋ frəm 12 pərˈsɛnt tɪ 24 pərˈsɛnt, hi sɛd. prəˈdust ə lɔt mɔr fud ɔn ə lɔt lɛs lænd ˈæftər ˈkɑrbən fuels,”*,” deɪˈroʊʃərz sɛd. rɪˈleɪtɪd: prəˈfɛsər wɔrnz ˈstudənts: ˈplænət ɔn vərʤ əv ˈgloʊbəl əˈpɑkəˌlɪps du tɪ ˈjumən ækˈtɪvɪti ðə tɔk wɛnt ˈlɑrʤli wɪˈθaʊt ˈɪnsədənt dɪˈspaɪt ðə fækt ðət ˈkæmpəs flaɪərz ˈtaʊtɪŋ ðə gɛst ˈlɛkʧər wər ˈvændəˌlaɪzd rɪˈpitɪdli ˈlidɪŋ əp tɪ ðə ɪˈvɛnt. bət ðə ˈoʊnli ˈaʊtˌbərst ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə tɔk keɪm frəm ə ˈstudənt hu ˈʃaʊtɪd aʊt ðət deɪˈroʊʃərz wɑz əˈtɛmptɪŋ tɪ blæk lɪvz. ðə ˈkɑmɛnt wɑz meɪd ɛz deɪˈroʊʃərz dɪˈskəst ə ˈprɑbləm ɪn ˈæfrɪkɑ ɪn wɪʧ ɪts ˈrɛzɪdənts ˈlɑrʤli rɪˈlaɪ ɔn ə dəˈmɛstɪk fud səˈplaɪ, ˈlidɪŋ tɪ ə ˈkrɑnɪk steɪt əv ənd ˈəltəmətli dɛθs ɪn ðə ˈkɑntənənt. ˈəltəmətli, ðə ˈɛkspərt sɛd, ˈfɑsəl fjuəl dɪˈvɛsmənt prəˈpoʊnənts ər ˈwɪlɪŋ tɪ ˈsækrəˌfaɪs companies’*’ ˈdɪvɪˌdɛndz ðət səˈpɔrt ðɛr ˌjunəˈvərsətiz ənd ðə ˌfaɪˈnænʃəl eɪd ðeɪ səˈplaɪ tɪ ˌloʊˈɪnkəm ˈstudənts. jɛt, hi sɛd, ðiz seɪm ˈproʊˌtɛstərz ər ˈrɛrli ˈwɪlɪŋ tɪ lɪv ðə ʧeɪnʤ ðeɪ wɪʃ tɪ si ɪn ðə wərld. kənˈsumərz hu ˈæˌkʧuəli bərn ðə moʊst fjuəlz. ðə ˈprɔˌsɛs əv ɛkˈstrækʃən, ˈprɑsɛsɪŋ ənd ˌtrænspərˈteɪʃən ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnts ˈoʊnli 20 tɪ 30 pərˈsɛnt pərˈsɛnt əv ɪˈmɪʃənz, wɛˈræz kənˈsumərz ˈʃoʊldər 70 tɪ 80 pərˈsɛnt əv ɪˈmɪʃənz, hi sɛd. əˈbɑlɪʃt sˈleɪvəri; əˈpɑrˌtaɪt wɑz abolished,”*,” hi sɛd. ɪf ˈfɑsəl fjuəlz ər soʊ bæd, waɪ wi ˈbɔɪˌkɑt ðɛm? wi ˈriəˌlaɪz ðət ˈbɔɪˌkɑtɪŋ ˈfɑsəl fjuəlz maɪt ˌɪnˈvɑlv səm ril ˈsækrəˌfaɪsɪz. naʊ aɪ hæv nɑt hərd əv ˈɛni ˈfɑsəl fjuəl ˈæktɪvɪst meɪk ˈɛni ril ˈsækrəˌfaɪsɪz, soʊ haʊ kən ðeɪ tɛl ˈjuˈɛs to?”*?” jɛt ðə dɪˈvɛsmənt ˈmuvmənt həz sin ə səkˈsɛs æt ˈsɛvərəl ˈkɑlɪʤɪz, səʧ ɛz ˈʤɔrʤˌtaʊn, ˈstænfərd ənd ˌjunəˈvərsəti əv ˈwɔʃɪŋtən. tɪ wət ɛnd? ðə dɪˈvɛsmənt ˈmuvmənt ˈoʊnli ˈtɑrgəts ˈpəblɪkli ˈtreɪdɪd ˈkəmpəˌniz, wɪʧ ˈproʊdus ə ˈtaɪni əˈmaʊnt əv ˈkɑrbən fjuəlz. ðə ˈlɑrʤər ˈgloʊbəl pleɪərz ər ˈpraɪvətli ˈtreɪdɪd ˈkəmpəˌniz, ənd ðəs ðə dɪˈvɛsmənt ˈmuvmənt həz noʊ ˈifɛkt ɔn ðiz ɛz ðeɪ ər nɑt ˈtreɪdɪd ɔn ðə stɑk ˈmɑrkɪt, hi sɛd. ˈfɑsəl fjuəlz ðə ˈhɪdiəs ˈmɑnstərz ðeɪ ər pərˈzɛnəd tɪ bi, hi ˈɑrgjud. ɪn fækt, ðə ˌɪnˈkrisɪŋ juz əv ˈfɑsəl fjuəlz sɪns ðə ɪz ɪn ˈtændəm wɪθ ən ˌɪnˈkris ɪn laɪf ɪkˈspɛktənsi əv ˈpipəl ɪn boʊθ dɪˈvɛləpt ənd dɪˈvɛləpɪŋ ˈneɪʃənz, ˌɪnˈkrisɪŋ frəm 28 jɪrz ɪn 1820 tɪ 71 jɪrz ɪn 2000 ɔn ˈævərɪʤ. ðɪs ɪz ˈɔlsoʊ ˈpɛrəˌlɛld wɪθ ən ˌɪnˈkris ɪn ˈbɑdi saɪz ənd ˈstændərd əv ˈlɪvɪŋ ˈoʊvər ðə jɪrz, hi ˈædɪd. ˈfɑsəl fjuəlz ˈɔlsoʊ hɛlp dɪˈlɪvər fudz ˈfæstər ənd ˈfɑrðər ðən ˈɛvər ˌbiˈfɔr, ˈfaɪtɪŋ ˈpɑvərti ənd ˈhəŋgər ənd ˈhɛlpɪŋ ɪˈkɑnəmiz θraɪv, hi sɛd. ˈkɑrbən fjuəlz lɛd tɪ ˈreɪˌlroʊdz, wɪʧ kən ˈkɛri ɪˈnɔrmɪs loʊdz əv fud ˈoʊvər lɔŋ ˈdɪstənsɪz. naʊ iʧ ˈriʤən, ˌɪnˈstɛd əv traɪɪŋ tɪ fid ˌɪtˈsɛlf, ˈspɛʃəˌlaɪzɪz ɪn kriˈeɪtɪŋ wət ɪts bɛst æt, ˈmeɪkɪŋ fud əˈfɔrdəbəl ənd ˌɪnˈkrisɪŋ prɑˈspɛrəti ənd dɪˈvɛləpmənt, hi sɛd. ɪn ðə pæst, ˈʧɪkənz wər nɑt ə ˈlaɪfˌstaɪl ˈsteɪtmənt; ɪt wɑz ə necessity,”*,” deɪˈroʊʃərz sɛd. hi ˈɔlsoʊ dɪsˈmɪst ðə ˈnoʊʃən ðət ˈfɑsəl fjuəlz lɛd tɪ ˈgloʊbəl ˈwɔrmɪŋ. ˈʧeɪnʤɪz ɔl ðə time,”*,” hi sɛd. ˈminˌwaɪl, ˈivɪn ˌjunəˈvərsəti əv ˈmɪʃɪgən ˈprɛzɪdənt mɑrk həz dɪsˈmɪst students’*’ pliz tɪ dɪˈvɛst frəm ˈfɑsəl fjuəlz, ˈtɛlɪŋ ˈproʊˌtɛstərz ɪn ə ˈsteɪtmənt ðət waɪl hi əˈpriʃiˌeɪts ðɛr ənd passion,”*,” ðɛr rɪkˈwɛst ɪz nɑt tɪ ˌɪˈmɔrəl ənd əˈnɛθɪkəl ˈækʃənz ənd ideologies.”*.” fjuəlz ɪˈneɪbəl ˈjuˈɛs tɪ ˈɔpərˌeɪt ðə ˌjunəˈvərsəti, tɪ ˈkɑndəkt ˈrisərʧ ənd tɪ prəˈvaɪd ˈpeɪʃənt care,”*,” hi sɛd. ðɪs ˈmoʊmənt, ðɛr ɪz noʊ ˈvaɪəbəl ɔlˈtərnətɪv tɪ ˈfɑsəl fjuəlz æt ðə ˈnɛsəˌsɛri skeɪl. ɪn əˈdɪʃən, moʊst əv ðə seɪm ˈkəmpəˌniz ðət ˈɛkˌstrækt ər juz ˈfɑsəl fjuəlz ər ˈɔlsoʊ ˌɪnˈvɛstɪŋ ˈhɛvəli ɪn ə trænˈzɪʃən tɪ ˈnæʧərəl gæs ər renewables*, ɪn rɪˈspɑns tɪ ˈmɑrkɪt ˈfɔrsɪz ənd ˈrɛgjələˌtɔri activity.”*.” rɪˈleɪtɪd: mɔr ‘‘cli-fi’*’ ɪn ðə ˈkɑlɪʤ ˈklæsˌrum: greɪt (ənd not-so-great*) ˈklaɪmɪt ˈdumzˌdeɪ ˈstɔriz laɪk ðə ˈkɑlɪʤ fɪks ɔn ˈfeɪsˌbʊk ˈfɑloʊ ˈjuˈɛs ɔn tˈwɪtər meɪn ˈɪmɪʤ:
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there’s more trees and animals on the planet today than ever before thanks to fossil fuels, a professor told a room full of university of michigan students wednesday.
many assign blame for deforestation and animal extinction on fossil fuels, when in reality most of it occurred well before the widespread introduction of oil and coal use, said dr. pierre desrochers, associate professor of geography at the university of toronto and senior fellow at the center for industrial progress.
the guest lecturer came as some students demand the public university divest from companies that profit from fossil fuels, calling such divestment a moral choice and way to fight climate change.
but desrochers — invited to campus to argue the “moral case for fossil fuels” — said divestment would cause more problems and solve few, if any.
he told the 125 or so students in the audience that before the development of fossil fuel use, animals were slaughtered on a massive scale for food, clothing and many other uses, and forests were razed for wood. in fact, possibly as much as 90 percent of animal extinction and deforestation appeared before the introduction of fossil fuels, he said.
but the use of coal and oil reversed that trend, he added, noting coal helped replace firewood and charcoal in many instances. moreover, tractors were invented, producing food faster and more efficiently. forest cover, which had been decreasing until then to make way for farmland and for wood to supply fuel, started increasing from 12 percent to 24 percent, he said.
“we produced a lot more food on a lot less land after carbon fuels,” desrochers said.
related: professor warns students: planet on verge of global apocalypse due to human activity
the talk went largely without incident despite the fact that campus flyers touting the guest lecture were vandalized repeatedly leading up to the event.
but the only outburst during the talk came from a student who shouted out that desrochers was attempting to commodify black lives. the comment was made as desrochers discussed a problem in africa in which its residents largely rely on a domestic food supply, leading to a chronic state of undernourishment and ultimately deaths in the poverty-stricken continent.
ultimately, the expert said, fossil fuel divestment proponents are willing to sacrifice companies’ dividends that support their universities and the financial aid they supply to low-income students. yet, he said, these same protesters are rarely willing to live the change they wish to see in the world.
it’s consumers who actually burn the most fuels. the process of extraction, processing and transportation represents only 20 to 30 percent percent of emissions, whereas consumers shoulder 70 to 80 percent of emissions, he said.
“we abolished slavery; apartheid was abolished,” he said. “so if fossil fuels are so bad, why don’t we boycott them? we realize that boycotting fossil fuels might involve some real sacrifices. now i have not heard of any fossil fuel activist make any real sacrifices, so how can they tell us to?”
yet the divestment movement has seen a success at several colleges, such as georgetown, stanford and university of washington. to what end?
the divestment movement only targets publicly traded companies, which produce a tiny amount of carbon fuels. the larger global players are privately traded companies, and thus the divestment movement has no effect on these as they are not traded on the stock market, he said.
fossil fuels aren’t the hideous monsters they are presented to be, he argued. in fact, the increasing use of fossil fuels since the 1850s is in tandem with an increase in life expectancy of people in both developed and developing nations, increasing from 28 years in 1820 to 71 years in 2000, on average. this is also paralleled with an increase in body size and standard of living over the years, he added.
fossil fuels also help deliver foods faster and farther than ever before, fighting poverty and hunger and helping economies thrive, he said.
carbon fuels led to railroads, which can carry enormous loads of food over long distances. now each region, instead of trying to feed itself, specializes in creating what its best at, making food affordable and increasing prosperity and development, he said.
in the past, “backyard chickens were not a lifestyle statement; it was a necessity,” desrochers said.
he also dismissed the notion that fossil fuels lead to global warming.
“climate changes all the time,” he said.
meanwhile, even university of michigan president mark schlissel has dismissed students’ pleas to divest from fossil fuels, telling protesters in a statement that while he appreciates their “commitment and passion,” their request is not “linked to immoral and unethical actions and ideologies.”
“fossil fuels enable us to operate the university, to conduct research and to provide patient care,” he said. “at this moment, there is no viable alternative to fossil fuels at the necessary scale. in addition, most of the same companies that extract or use fossil fuels are also investing heavily in a transition to natural gas or renewables, in response to market forces and regulatory activity.”
related: more ‘cli-fi’ in the college classroom: great (and not-so-great) climate doomsday stories
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wɪn ˈlɔrə fil laɪk ˈwɔkɪŋ hər dɔg, ˈʧɑrli, ʃi æsks ˈtɪfəni tiu, hu lɪvz ɪn hər ˈbɪldɪŋ, tɪ teɪk ɪm aʊt. ðə tu ˈwɪmən lɪv ɪn ˈʤədsən ˈmænər, ə rɪˈtaɪərmənt hoʊm ɪn ˈklivlənd, oʊˈhaɪoʊ. ˈoʊnli tiu ɪz ə ˈkɑlɪʤ ˈstudənt. waɪl juˈnik, ðə ˈlɪvɪŋ ərˈeɪnʤmənt həz ɪts pərks fər boʊθ ˌʤɛnərˈeɪʃənz. ˈstədiz hæv ʃoʊn ðət ðɛr ər juʤ hɛlθ ˈbɛnəfɪts tɪ ðə ˈfaɪtɪŋ dɪˈmɛnʃiə tɪ ˈrɛgjəˌleɪtɪŋ bləd ˈprɛʃər kəm frəm ˈsoʊʃəl ˈkɑnˌtækt wɪθ ˈjəŋgər ˈpipəl. ˈminˌwaɪl, ˈkɑlɪʤ ˈstudənts ər ˈstrəgəlɪŋ wɪθ ˌɪnˈkrisɪŋ ˈkɑlɪʤ dɛts ənd ˈhaʊzɪŋ kɔsts. tiu, hu ɪz ə ˈstudənt æt ðə ˈklivlənd ˈɪnstɪˌtut əv mˈjuzɪk, ɪz wən əv faɪv ˈstudənts ˈlɪvɪŋ æt ˈʤədsən ˈmænər, ɛz pɑrt əv ən ˈproʊˌgræm. ðə ˈstudənts, hu ɔl kˈwɑləˌfaɪ fər səm ˌfaɪˈnænʃəl nid, lɪv rɛnt fri wɪθ ðə 120 ˈɛldərli ˈrɛzɪdənts əv ðə riˈvæmpt hoʊˈtɛl. ɪn ɪksˈʧeɪnʤ fər ə rum, ðeɪ pərˈfɔrm ˈsoʊˌloʊ rɪˈsaɪtəlz ˈɛvəri fju mənθs ɛz wɛl ɛz ˈwiˌkɪnd ənd ˌɪmˈprɑmptu ˈkɑnsərts. ðə ˈproʊˌgræm ˈstɑrtɪd ɪn 2010 wɪθ tu ˈstudənts, wɪn ə ˈʤədsən bɔrd ˈmɛmbər hərd əˈbaʊt ə ˈhaʊzɪŋ ˈʃɔrtɪʤ æt ðə skul, ənd ɪt kənˈtɪnjuz tɪ ɪkˈspænd. nɛkst jɪr, ɪn əˈdɪʃən tɪ ˈklivlənd ˈɪnstɪˌtut əv mˈjuzɪk ˈstudənts, ðə rɪˈtaɪərmənt hoʊm ɪz ˈbrɪŋɪŋ ɪn ˈstudənts frəm ðə ˈklivlənd ˈɪnstɪˌtut əv ɑrt. sun, ˈstudənts ɛnˈroʊld æt keɪs ˈwɛstərn rɪˈzərv ˌjunəˈvərsəti wɪl bi ˈɑkjəˌpaɪɪŋ səm əv ðə rumz. ðə ˈstudənts pɑrˈtɪsəˌpeɪt ɪn ˈkɑnkrit ɑrt ˈθɛrəpi ˈklæsɪz tɪ hɛlp ˈrɛzɪdənts wɪθ dɪˈmɛnʃiə, fər ðeɪ ˈɔlsoʊ ʤɪst hæŋ aʊt, wɪʧ kən bi ˈivɪn mɔr ˈvæljəbəl. ˈmɛni əv ðə ˈrɛzɪdənts, laɪk tiu ənd, hæv dɪˈvɛləpt kloʊz riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪps. maɪ ˈɛvriˈdeɪ laɪf aɪ bi ɪn təʧ wɪθ ðɪs grup əv ˈɛldərli people,”*,” tiu sɪz. ““musically*, ˈrɪli rɪˈwɔrdɪŋ, ənd ɪt lɛts mi kəˈnɛkt wɪθ ˈpipəl aɪ ˈəðərˌwaɪz wʊd ˈnɛvər kəˈnɛkt with.”*.” ˈrisərʧ ðət ʃoʊz ʤɪst haʊ rɪˈwɔrdɪŋ ðoʊz kəˈnɛkʃənz kən bi, əˈspɛʃəli fər ðə ˈoʊldər foʊks. ə grup əv ˈstədiz frəm ðə ˈnæʃənəl ˈɪnstɪˌtut ɔn ˈeɪʤɪŋ ʃoʊz ðət ˈsoʊʃəl ˌaɪsəˈleɪʃən, əˈspɛʃəli ɪn ˈoʊldər ˈædəlts kən lɛd tɪ ə hoʊst əv ˈmɛntəl ənd ˈfɪzɪkəl dɪˈsɔrdərz. ɔn ðə ˈəðər hænd, ðə rɪˈpɔrts, ˈɪndəˌkeɪtərz əv ˈsoʊʃəl ˌwɛlˈbiɪŋ meɪ bi əˈsoʊʃiˌeɪtəd wɪθ loʊər ˈlɛvəlz əv ɪn ˈəðərˌwaɪz ˈhɛlθi ˈpipəl. ɪz ən ɪnˈflæməˌtɔri ˈfæktər ˈɪmplɪˌkeɪtɪd ɪn dɪˈsɔrdərz səʧ ɛz dɪˈziz, ˌɔstiˌɑpərˈoʊsɪs, ˈruməˌtɔɪd ɑrθˈraɪtɪs, ˌkɑrdioʊˈvæskjələr dɪˈziz, ənd səm fɔrmz əv cancer.”*.” rɑb lukɑˈrɛli, dɪˈrɛktər əv kəmˌjunəˈkeɪʃənz, sɪz ðət ðə stæf ˈdəzənt hæv ˈɛni ˈkɑnkrit ˈmɛʒərmənt fər ðə ˈsoʊʃəl ənd ˈfɪzɪkəl ˈbɛnəfɪts əv ˈhævɪŋ ˈjəŋgər ˈpipəl ɪn ðə ˈbɪldɪŋ, drɔɪŋ ðə ˈɛldərli aʊt əv ðɛr rumz, bət ɪt həz hæd ə ˈnoʊtɪsəbli ˈpɑzətɪv ˈifɛkt ɔn ðə ˈrɛzɪdənts. ˈtænʤəbəl, ənd ɪt kəmz frəm ˈivɪn loʊ ˈlɛvəlz əv ˈkɑnˌtækt, sɪz. ˈpipəl hir laɪt əp wɪn ðə jəŋ ˈpipəl wɔk θru ðə ˈlɑbi," ʃi sɪz. ˈrɪli kwaɪt lovely.”*.” ðə ˈproʊˌgræm həz ˈɔlsoʊ spərd ˈɪntəˌrɛst ɪn ðə hoʊm. sɪz pɑrt əv wət dru hər tɪ ˈʤədsən ɪn ðə fərst pleɪs ɪz ðət ɪts kloʊz tɪ ðə ˈklivlənd ˈɪnstɪˌtut əv mˈjuzɪk ˈkæmpəs, ənd ðət ʃi kʊd teɪk ædˈvæntɪʤ əv ðə ˈkəlʧərəl ənd ˌækəˈdɛmɪk ɪˈvɛnts ðɛr. ʃiz nɑt əˈloʊn. ðɛrz ə groʊɪŋ trɛnd əv rɪˈtaɪərmənt kəmˈjunɪtiz ˈfɔrʤɪŋ taɪz wɪθ ˈnɪrˈbaɪ ˌjunəˈvərsətiz, soʊ ˈrɛzɪdənts kən ˈɔdɪt ˈkɔrsɪz, əˈtɛnd pərˈfɔrmənsɪz, sərv ɛz mˈjuziəm ˈdoʊsənts ənd juz ˈkæmpəs ˈhɑˌspɪtəlz, ˈlaɪbrɛˌriz ənd ˈfɪtnəs fəˈsɪlɪtiz. θri ˈsɪmələr ˈproʊˌgræmz ɪn ðə ˈnɛðərləndz, ənd wən ɪn laɪən, fræns, səˈʤɛst ðət ðɪs ˈmɑdəl fər ˌɪntərˈʤɛnərˈeɪʃənəl ˈlɪvɪŋ kʊd bi ðə bɪˈgɪnɪŋ əv ə nu trɛnd. ðə ərˈeɪnʤmənts ˈvɛri, bət ðeɪ ɔl hɪnʤ ɔn səm kaɪnd əv ˈsoʊʃəl ˌɪnərˈækʃən. æt ðə hoʊm ɪn deventer*, ˈnɛðərləndz, ˈjəŋgər ˈrɛzɪdənts ər rikˈwaɪərd tɪ spɛnd 30 aʊərz ə mənθ ˈhɛlpɪŋ aʊt ðɛr ˈneɪbərz. əv hər riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪp wɪθ tiu, sɪz, kʊk ənd sɪt əraʊnd ənd tɔk əˈbaʊt ɑr ˈprɑbləmz ənd θɪŋz ðət kənˈsərn ˈjuˈɛs. ˈgɪvɪn mi ðə wərld əv ə ˈgrænˌdɔtər, wɪʧ aɪ æm skɛrs on.”*.”
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when laura berick doesn’t feel like walking her dog, charlie, she asks tiffany tieu, who lives in her building, to take him out. the two women live in judson manor, a retirement home in cleveland, ohio. only tieu is a 25-year-old college student.
while unique, the living arrangement has its perks for both generations. studies have shown that there are huge health benefits to the elderly—from fighting dementia to regulating blood pressurethat come from social contact with younger people. meanwhile, college students are struggling with increasing college debts and housing costs.
tieu, who is a second-year master’s student at the cleveland institute of music, is one of five students living at judson manor, as part of an artist-in-residence program. the students, who all qualify for some financial need, live rent free with the 120 elderly residents of the revamped 1920s hotel. in exchange for a room, they perform solo recitals every few months as well as weekend and impromptu concerts.
the program started in 2010 with two students, when a judson board member heard about a housing shortage at the school, and it continues to expand. next year, in addition to cleveland institute of music students, the retirement home is bringing in students from the cleveland institute of art. soon, students enrolled at case western reserve university will be occupying some of the rooms.
the students participate in concrete ways—leading art therapy classes to help residents with dementia, for instance—but they also just hang out, which can be even more valuable. many of the residents, like tieu and berick, have developed close relationships.
“in my everyday life i wouldn’t be in touch with this group of elderly people,” tieu says. “musically, it’s really rewarding, and it lets me connect with people i otherwise would never connect with.”
there’s research that shows just how rewarding those connections can be, especially for the older folks. a group of studies from the national institute on aging shows that social isolation, especially in older adults can lead to a host of mental and physical disorders. on the other hand, the nia reports, “positive indicators of social well-being may be associated with lower levels of interleukin-6 in otherwise healthy people. interleukin-6 is an inflammatory factor implicated in age-related disorders such as alzheimer’s disease, osteoporosis, rheumatoid arthritis, cardiovascular disease, and some forms of cancer.”
rob lucarelli, judson’s director of communications, says that the staff doesn't have any concrete measurement for the social and physical benefits of having younger people in the building, drawing the elderly out of their rooms, but it has had a noticeably positive effect on the residents. it’s tangible, and it comes from even low levels of contact, berick says. “the people here light up when the young people walk through the lobby," she says. "it’s really quite lovely.” the program has also spurred interest in the home.
berick says part of what drew her to judson in the first place is that it's close to the cleveland institute of music campus, and that she could take advantage of the cultural and academic events there. she's not alone. there's a growing trend of retirement communities forging ties with nearby universities, so residents can audit courses, attend performances, serve as museum docents and use campus hospitals, libraries and fitness facilities.
three similar programs in the netherlands, and one in lyon, france, suggest that this model for intergenerational living could be the beginning of a new trend. the arrangements vary, but they all hinge on some kind of social interaction. at the humanitas home in deventer, netherlands, younger residents are required to spend 30 hours a month helping out their neighbors.
of her relationship with tieu, berick says, “we cook and sit around and talk about our problems and things that concern us. she’s given me the world of a 25-year-old granddaughter, which i am scarce on.”
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ðə fri ˌdɛməˈkrætɪk ˈpɑrti (ˈʤərmən: partei*,) ɪz ə ənd ˈklæsɪkəl pəˈlɪtɪkəl ˈpɑrti ɪn ˈʤərməni. ðə ɪz lɛd baɪ ˈkrɪsʧɪn ˈlɪndnər. ðə wɑz ˈfaʊndɪd ɪn 1948 baɪ ˈmɛmbərz əv ˈfɔrmər ˈlɪˌbərəl pəˈlɪtɪkəl ˈpɑrtiz wɪʧ ɪgˈzɪstəd ɪn ˈʤərməni ˌbiˈfɔr wərld wɔr, ˈneɪmli ðə ˈʤərmən ˌdɛməˈkrætɪk ˈpɑrti ənd ðə ˈʤərmən ˈpipəlz ˈpɑrti. fər moʊst əv ðə ˈʤərmən ˈfɛdərəl riˈpəblɪks ˈhɪstəri, ɪt həz hɛld ðə ˈbæləns əv paʊər ɪn ðə ˈbəndəˌstæg. ɪt wɑz ə ˈʤunjər ˌkoʊəˈlɪʃən ˈpɑrtnər tɪ ðə ənd ənd ðə ˈsoʊʃəl ˌdɛməˈkrætɪk ˈpɑrti əv ˈʤərməni ɪn ðə 2013 ˈfɛdərəl ɪˈlɛkʃən, ðə feɪld tɪ wɪn ˈɛni dɪˈrɛkli ɪˈlɛktɪd sits ɪn ðə ˈbəndəˌstæg ənd keɪm əp ʃɔrt əv ðə 5 pərˈsɛnt θˈrɛˌʃoʊld tɪ kˈwɑləˌfaɪ fər lɪst ˌrɛprəzɛnˈteɪʃən, biɪŋ lɛft wɪˈθaʊt ˌrɛprəzɛnˈteɪʃən ɪn ðə ˈbəndəˌstæg fər ðə fərst taɪm ɪn ɪts ɪn ðə 2017 ˈfɛdərəl ɪˈlɛkʃən, ðə riˈgeɪnd ɪts ˌrɛprəzɛnˈteɪʃən ɪn ðə ˈbəndəˌstæg, rɪˈsivɪŋ əv ðə voʊt. ðə ˈstrɔŋli səˈpɔrts ˈjumən raɪts, ˈsɪvəl ˈlɪbərˌtiz ənd ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑˌlɪzəm. ðə ˈpɑrti ɪz trəˈdɪʃənəli kənˈsɪdərd. sɪns ðə 1980s*, ðə ˈpɑrti həz ˈfərmli pʊʃt ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk ˈlɪˌbərəˌlɪzəm ənd həz əˈlaɪnd ˌɪtˈsɛlf ˈkloʊsli tɪ ðə pərˈmoʊʃən əv fri ˈmɑrkɪts ənd ˈpraɪvətəˈzeɪʃən. ɪt ɪz ə ˈmɛmbər əv ˈlɪˌbərəl ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl ənd ðə əˈlaɪəns əv ˈlɪˌbərəlz ənd ˈdɛməˌkræts fər ˈjʊrəp (alde*). ˈhɪstəri ˈɛdət sun ˈæftər wərld wɔr, ðə ˈsoʊviˌɛt ˈjunjən fɔrst ðə kriˈeɪʃən əv pəˈlɪtɪkəl ˈpɑrtiz. ɪn ˌʤuˈlaɪ 1945 ˈwɪljəm ənd ˈʃɪfər kɔld fər ðə ɪˈstæblɪʃmənt əv ə ˈpɑrti, huz ˌkɑnstəˈtuʃən ðə ˈælaɪz ˈhɛzɪtəntli əˈpruvd ˈoʊnli ɪn ðə ˈsoʊviˌɛt ˌɑkjəˈpeɪʃən zoʊn ɛz ðə ˈlɪˌbərəl ˌdɛməˈkrætɪk ˈpɑrti əv ˈʤərməni. ɪn sɛpˈtɛmbər 1945 ˈsɪtɪzənz ɪn ˈhæmbərg ɪˈstæblɪʃt ðə ˈpɑrti əv fri ˈdɛməˌkræts (pfd*) ɛz ə ˈbʊrʒwɑ lɛft ˈpɑrti ənd ðə fərst ˈlɪˌbərəl ˈpɑrti ɪn ðə ˈwɛstərn zoʊnz. ɪn ðə fərst steɪt ɪˈlɛkʃənz ɪn ˈhæmbərg ɪn ɑkˈtoʊbər 1946 ðə ˈpɑrti wən pərˈsɛnt əv ðə voʊt. ðə sɪˈkjʊrd bɪtˈwin ənd pərˈsɛnt əv ðə 1946 voʊt ɪn ˈgreɪtər bərˈlɪn (ist) ənd ˈsæksəni, ðə ˈoʊnli steɪts ɪn ˈtɛrəˌtɔriz ðət hɛld fri ˌpɑrləˈmɛntəri ɪˈlɛkʃənz. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ɪt hæd tɪ səˈpɔrt ðə ˈpɑləsiz əv ðə ˈsoʊʃəlɪst ˈjunɪti ˈpɑrti əv ˈʤərməni (sed*) ənd ʤɔɪn ðə ˈnæʃənəl frənt əv ðə ɛz ə "blɑk ˈpɑrti". ˈfɑloʊɪŋ ðə səkˈsɛs, ˈlɪˌbərəl ˈpɑrtiz wər ˈfaʊndɪd əˈkrɔs ðə steɪts. ðə wən ˈhɛsɪz 1950 steɪt ɪˈlɛkʃən wɪθ pərˈsɛnt, ðə bɛst rɪˈzəlt ɪn ɪts ˈhɪstəri, θru əˈpilɪŋ tɪ ist ˈʤərmənz dɪˈspleɪst baɪ ðə wɔr baɪ ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ðɛm ɔn ðɛr ˈtɪkɪt. ˈfaʊndɪŋ əv ðə ˈpɑrti ˈɛdət ðə ˌdɛməˈkrætɪk ˈpɑrti əv ˈʤərməni (dpd*) wɑz ɪˈstæblɪʃt ɪn dər ˈtaʊbər ɔn 17 mɑrʧ 1947 ɛz ə ˈpɑrti. ɪts ˈlidərz wər ˈθiədər ənd ˈwɪˌlhɛlm külz*. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ðə ˈprɑʤɛkt feɪld ɛz ə rɪˈzəlt əv dɪˈspjuts ˈoʊvər pəˈlɪtɪkəl dɪˈrɛkʃɪn. ðə fri ˌdɛməˈkrætɪk ˈpɑrti wɑz ɪˈstæblɪʃt ɔn dɪˈsɛmbər 1948 ɪn, ɪn hɛs, ɛz ən əˌsoʊʃiˈeɪʃən əv ɔl 13 ˈriʤənəl ˈlɪˌbərəl ˈpɑrti ˌɔrgənəˈzeɪʃənz ɪn ðə θri ˈwɛstərn zoʊnz əv ðə prəˈpoʊzd neɪm, ˈlɪˌbərəl ˌdɛməˈkrætɪk ˈpɑrti (ldp*), wɑz rɪˈʤɛktɪd baɪ ðə ˈdɛləˌgeɪts, hu ˈvoʊtɪd 64 tɪ 25 ɪn ˈfeɪvər əv ðə neɪm fri ˌdɛməˈkrætɪk ˈpɑrti (fdp*). ðə ˈpɑrtiz fərst ˈʧɛrmən wɑz ˈθiədər; hɪz ˈdɛpjəti wɑz frænz. ðə pleɪs fər ðə ˈpɑrtiz faʊnˈdeɪʃən wɑz ˈʧoʊzən dɪˈlɪbərətli: ɪt wɑz æt ðə əˈsɛmbli ðət ðə ˈmɑdərˌeɪt ˈlɪˌbərəlz hæd mɛt ɪn ɑkˈtoʊbər 1847 ˌbiˈfɔr ðə mɑrʧ ˌrɛvəˈluʃən. səm rɪˈgɑrd ðə əˈsɛmbli", wɪʧ wɑz hɛld æt ðə (hæf mun) hoʊˈtɛl ɔn 10 ɑkˈtoʊbər 1847 ɛz ə ˈmitɪŋ əv ˈlidɪŋ ˈlɪˌbərəlz ðət wɑz ðə bɪˈgɪnɪŋ əv ðə ˈʤərmən ˌrɛvəˈluʃən əv əp tɪ ðə 1950s*, ˈsɛvərəl əv ðə ˈriʤənəl ˌɔrgənəˈzeɪʃənz wər tɪ ðə raɪt əv ðə, wɪʧ ˌɪˈnɪʃəli hæd aɪˈdiəz əv səm sɔrt əv ˈkrɪsʧɪn ˈsoʊʃəˌlɪzəm, ənd ˈivɪn ˈfɔrmər əv ðə θərd raɪk wər ˈkɔrtɪd wɪθ ˈnæʃənəl, ˌpeɪtriˈɑtɪk ˈvæljuz. ðə wɑz ˈfaʊndɪd ɔn 11 dɪˈsɛmbər 1948 θru ðə ˈmərʤər əv naɪn ˈriʤənəl ˈlɪˌbərəl ˈpɑrtiz fɔrmd ɪn 1945 frəm ðə ˈrɛmnənts əv ðə ˈʤərmən ˈpipəlz ˈpɑrti (dvp*) ənd ðə ˈʤərmən ˌdɛməˈkrætɪk ˈpɑrti (ddp*), wɪʧ hæd bɪn ˈæktɪv ɪn ðə ˈvaɪmɑr 1 ðə fərst ˈʧɛrmən, ˈθiədər, wɑz ˈfɔrmərli ə ˈmɛmbər əv ðə ənd ˈæftər ðə wɔr əv ðə ˌdɛməˈkrætɪk ˈpipəlz ˈpɑrti (dvp*). ˌrikənˈstrəkʃən əv ˈʤərməni ˈɛdət ɪˈlɛkʃən kæmˈpeɪn ˈpoʊstər ˌbiˈfɔr ðə 1949 ˈbəndəˌstæg ɪˈlɛkʃən ɪn hɛs ˈkɔlɪŋ fər ə hɔlt ɔn ɪn ðə fərst ɪˈlɛkʃənz tɪ ðə ˈbəndəˌstæg ɔn 14 ˈɔgəst 1949 ðə wən ə voʊt ʃɛr əv pərˈsɛnt (wɪθ 12 dɪˈrɛkt ˈmænˌdeɪts, ˌpɑrˈtɪkjələrli ɪn ənd hɛs), ənd ðəs əbˈteɪnd 52 əv 402 sits. ɪn sɛpˈtɛmbər əv ðə seɪm jɪr ðə ˈʧɛrmən ˈθiədər wɑz ɪˈlɛktɪd ðə fərst ˈprɛzɪdənt əv ðə ˈfɛdərəl riˈpəblɪk əv ˈʤərməni. ɪn hɪz 1954 re-election*, hi rɪˈsivd ðə bɛst ɪˈlɛkʃən rɪˈzəlt tɪ deɪt əv ə ˈprɛzɪdənt wɪθ 871 əv 1018 voʊts pərˈsɛnt) əv ðə ˈfɛdərəl əˈsɛmbli. ˈædəˌnaʊr wɑz ˈɔlsoʊ ɪˈlɛktɪd ɔn ðə prəˈpoʊzəl əv ðə nu ˈʤərmən ˈprɛzɪdənt wɪθ ən ɪkˈstrimli ˈnɛroʊ məˈʤɔrəti ɛz ðə fərst ˈʧænsələr. ðə pɑrˈtɪsəˌpeɪtɪd wɪθ ðə ənd ðə ɪn ˌkoʊəˈlɪʃən ˈkæbənət: ðeɪ hæd θri ˈmɪnɪstərz: frænz (vice-chancellor*), ˈtɑməs ˈdɛlər (ˈʤəstɪs) ənd ˈɛbərhɑrt ˈwaɪldərmuθ (ˈhaʊzɪŋ). ɔn ðə moʊst ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk, ˈsoʊʃəl ənd ˈʤərmən ˈnæʃənəl ˈɪʃuz, ðə əˈgrid wɪθ ðɛr ˌkoʊəˈlɪʃən ˈpɑrtnərz, ðə. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ðə ˌrɛkəˈmɛndɪd tɪ ðə ˈbʊrʒwɑ ˈvoʊtərz ə ˈsɛkjələr ˈpɑrti ðət rɪfˈjuzd ðə rɪˈlɪʤəs skulz ənd əˈkjuzd ðə ˌɑpəˈzɪʃən ˈpɑrtiz əv clericalization*. ðə sɛd ðeɪ wər noʊn ˈɔlsoʊ ɛz ə kənˈsɪstənt ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnətɪv əv ðə ˈmɑrkɪt ɪˈkɑnəmi, waɪl ðə wɑz ðɛn ˈdɑməˌneɪtəd ˈnɑmənəli frəm ðə ˈɑlən ˈproʊˌgræm, wɪʧ əˈlaʊd ə θərd weɪ bɪtˈwin ˈkæpɪtəˌlɪzəm ənd ˈsoʊʃəˌlɪzəm. ˈlədwɪg ˈɛrhɑrd, ðə "ˈfɑðər" əv ðə ˈsoʊʃəl ˈmɑrkɪt ɪˈkɑnəmi, hæd hɪz ˈfɑloʊərz ɪn ðə ˈərli jɪrz əv ðə ˈfɛdərəl riˈpəblɪk ɪn ðə ˈjunjən ˈrəðər ðən ɪn ðə. ðə ˈvoʊtɪd ɪn ˈpɑrləmɛnt æt ðə ɛnd əv 1950 əˈgɛnst ðə- ənd- ˌɪntrəˈdust ˈprɔˌsɛs. æt ðɛr ˈpɑrti ˈkɑnfərəns ɪn mˈjunɪk ɪn 1951 ðeɪ dɪˈmændɪd ðə riˈlis əv ɔl "ˈsoʊˈkɔld wɔr ˈkrɪmənəlz" ənd ˈwɛlkəmd ðə ɪˈstæblɪʃmənt əv ðə "əˌsoʊʃiˈeɪʃən əv ˈʤərmən ˈsoʊlʤərz" əv ˈfɔrmər ənd ˈmɛmbərz, tɪ ədˈvæns ðə ˌɪnəˈgreɪʃən əv ðə ˈnæʃənəlɪst ˈfɔrsɪz ɪn dɪˈmɑkrəsi. ðə 1953 naumann-affair*, neɪmd ˈæftər ˈwərnər ˈnaʊmən, aɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪz oʊld ˈnɑtsiz traɪɪŋ tɪ ˈɪnfɪlˌtreɪt ðə ˈpɑrti, wɪʧ hæd ˈmɛni ənd ˈnæʃənəlɪst ˈmɛmbərz ɪn hɛs, nɔrθ ənd loʊər ˈsæksəni. ˈæftər ðə ˈbrɪtɪʃ ˌɑkjəˈpeɪʃən əˈθɔrətiz hæd ərˈɛstɪd ˈsɛvən ˈprɑmənənt ˈmɛmbərz əv ðə ˈnaʊmən ˈsərkəl, ðə ˈfɛdərəl bɔrd ˌɪnˈstɔld ə kəˈmɪʃən əv ˌɪnkˈwaɪˌri, ʧɛrd baɪ ˈtɑməs ˈdɛlər, wɪʧ ˌpɑrˈtɪkjələrli ˈʃɑrpli ˈkrɪtəˌsaɪzd ðə ˌsɪʧuˈeɪʃən ɪn ðə nɔrθ. ɪn ðə ˈfɑloʊɪŋ jɪrz, ðə raɪt wɪŋ lɔst paʊər, ənd ðə ɪkˈstrim raɪt ˌɪnˈkrisɪŋgli sɔt ˈɛriəz əv ækˈtɪvɪti ˈaʊtˈsaɪd ðə. ɪn ðə 1953 ˈfɛdərəl ɪˈlɛkʃən, ðə rɪˈsivd pərˈsɛnt əv ðə ˈpɑrti voʊts, pərˈsɛnt əv ðə ˈpraɪˌmɛri voʊt (wɪθ 14 dɪˈrɛkt ˈmænˌdeɪts, ˌpɑrˈtɪkjələrli ɪn ˈhæmbərg, loʊər ˈsæksəni, hɛs, ənd bəˈvɛriə) ənd 48 əv 487 sits. ɪn ðə ˈsɛkənd tərm əv ðə ˈbəndəˌstæg, ðə saʊθ ˈʤərmən ˈlɪˌbərəl ˈdɛməˌkræts geɪnd ˈɪnfluəns ɪn ðə ˈnidɪd] ˈtɑməs ˈdɛlər, ə ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnətɪv əv ə mɔr kɔrs tʊk ˈoʊvər ɛz ˈpɑrti ənd ˌpɑrləˈmɛntəri ˈlidər. ðə ˈfɔrmər ˈmɪnɪstər əv ˈʤəstɪs ˈdɛlər, hu ɪn 1933 ˈsəfərd ˌpərsəˈkjuʃən baɪ ðə ˈnɑtsiz, wɑz noʊn fər hɪz rɪˈtɔrɪkəl ˈfoʊkɪs. ˈʤɛnərəli ðə ˈvɛriəs ˈriʤənəl əˌsoʊʃiˈeɪʃənz wər ˌɪndɪˈpɛndənt ənd trænzˈleɪtəd soʊ ˈdɪfərənt frəm ˈkəntri tɪ ˈkəntri ˈæksɛnts ɪn ˈlɪˌbərəl ˈpɑləˌtɪks. ˈæftər ðə hæd lɛft ɪn ˈərli 1956 ðə ˌkoʊəˈlɪʃən wɪθ ðə ɪn nɔrθ ənd meɪd wɪθ ənd ˈsɛnər ə nu steɪt ˈgəvərnmənt, wər ə ˈtoʊtəl əv 16 ˈmɛmbərz əv ˈpɑrləmɛnt, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ðə fɔr ˈfɛdərəl ˈmɪnɪstərz frəm ðə ənd ˈfaʊndɪd ðə ˌʃɔrˈtlɪvd fri ˈpipəlz ˈpɑrti, wɪʧ ðɛn əp wɑz ˌɪnˈvɑlvd tɪ ðə ɛnd əv ðə ˈlɛʤəsˌleɪʧər ˌɪnˈstɛd əv ɪn ðə ˈfɛdərəl ˈgəvərnmənt. ðə fərst tʊk ɪt tɪ ðə ˌɑpəˈzɪʃən. ˈoʊnli wən əv ðə sˈmɔlər ˈpɑrtiz, ðə sərˈvaɪvd dɪˈspaɪt ˈmɛni ˈprɑbləmz. ɪn 1957 ˈfɛdərəl ɪˈlɛkʃənz ðeɪ stɪl riʧt pərˈsɛnt əv ðə voʊt tɪ 1990 ənd ðɛr læst dɪˈrɛkt ˈmænˌdeɪt wɪθ wɪʧ ðeɪ hæd hɛld 41 əv 497 sits ɪn ðə ˈbəndəˌstæg. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ðeɪ stɪl rɪˈmeɪnd ɪn ˌɑpəˈzɪʃən, bɪˈkəz ðə ˈjunjən wən ən ˈæbsəˌlut məˈʤɔrəti. ɪn ðə ˈfɑloʊɪŋ ɪgˈzæmpəl, ðə sæt fər ə zoʊn ɪn ˈsɛntrəl ˈjʊrəp. ˈivɪn ˌbiˈfɔr ðə ɪˈlɛkʃən ˈdɛlər wɑz əˈsaɪnd ɛz ˈpɑrti ˈʧɛrmən. æt ðə ˈfɛdərəl ˈpɑrti ɪn bərˈlɪn æt ðə ɛnd ˈʤænjuˌɛri 1957 rɪˈlivd ɪm ˈraɪnhoʊlt meɪər. roʊl ɛz grup ˈʧɛrmən tʊk ˈoʊvər ˈæftər ðə ɪˈlɛkʃən əv ðə ˈnæʃənəl sɛt ˈvɛri ˈɛrɪk mɛnd. mɛnd wɑz ˈɔlsoʊ ˈʧɛrmən əv ðə ˈpɑrti. ɪn ðə 1961 ˈfɛdərəl ɪˈlɛkʃənz, ɪt əˈʧivd pərˈsɛnt ˈneɪʃənˈwaɪd, ðə bɛst rɪˈzəlt ənˈtɪl ðɛn, ənd ðə ˈɛnərd ə ˌkoʊəˈlɪʃən wɪθ ðə əˈgɛn. ˌɔlˈðoʊ ɪt wɑz kəˈmɪtɪd ˌbiˈfɔr ðə ɪˈlɛkʃən tɪ kənˈtɪnjuɪŋ tɪ sɪt ɪn ˈɛni keɪs ɪn ə ˈgəvərnmənt təˈgɛðər wɪθ ˈædəˌnaʊr, ˈʧænsələr ˈædəˌnaʊr wɑz əˈgɛn, ˌhaʊˈɛvər, tɪ wɪθˈdrɔ ˈəndər ðə prəˈvaɪzoʊ, ˈæftər tu jɪrz. ðiz ɪˈvɛnts lɛd tɪ ðə biɪŋ ˈnɪkˌneɪmd ðə ("ˈpʊˌʃoʊvər ɪn ðə ˈspigəl əˈfɛr, ðə wɪθˈdru ðɛr ˈmɪnɪstərz frəm ðə ˈfɛdərəl ˈgəvərnmənt. ˌɔlˈðoʊ ðə ˌkoʊəˈlɪʃən wɑz rɪˈnud əˈgɛn ˈəndər ˈædəˌnaʊr ɪn 1962 ðə wɪθˈdru əˈgɛn ɔn ðə kənˈdɪʃən ɪn ɑkˈtoʊbər 1963 ðɪs əˈkərd ˈivɪn ˈəndər ðə nu ˈʧænsələr, ˈlədwɪg ˈɛrhɑrd. ðɪs wɑz fər ˈɛrɪk mɛnd tərn ðə əˈkeɪʒən tɪ goʊ ˈɪntu ðə ˈkæbənət: hi tʊk ðə ˈrəðər ənɪmˈpɔrtənt ˈfɛdərəl ˈmɪnɪstri fər əˈfɛrz. ɪn ðə 1965 ˈfɛdərəl ɪˈlɛkʃənz ðə geɪnd pərˈsɛnt. ðə ˌkoʊəˈlɪʃən wɪθ ðə ɪn 1966 broʊk ɔn ðə ˈsəbʤɪkt əv tæks ˌɪnˈkrisɪz ənd ɪt wɑz ˈfɑloʊd baɪ ə grænd ˌkoʊəˈlɪʃən bɪtˈwin ðə ənd ðə. ðə ˌɑpəˈzɪʃən ˈɔlsoʊ ˌpaɪəˈnɪrd ə kɔrs ʧeɪnʤ tɪ: ðə ˈfɔrmər ˈfɔrən ˈpɑləsi ənd ðə ˈætəˌtud tɪ ðə ˈistərn ˈtɛrəˌtɔriz wər dɪˈskəst. ðə nu ˈʧɛrmən ɪˈlɛktɪd ˈdɛləˌgeɪts ɪn 1968 ˈwɔltər ʃil, ə ˈlɪˌbərəlz, ˌɔlˈðoʊ ɪt keɪm frəm ðə ˈnæʃənəl ˈlɪˌbərəl kæmp, bət wɪθ ˈwɪli weɪər ənd ˈgɛnʃər lɛd ðə nu ˈsɛnər əv ðə ˈpɑrti. ðɪs ˈsɛnər stroʊv tɪ meɪk ðə ˌkoʊəˈlɪʃən səˈpɔrt boʊθ ˈmeɪʤər ˈpɑrtiz. hir, ðə ˈlɪˌbərəlz əˈproʊʧt tɪ baɪ ðɛr ɪn ist ˈʤərməni ənd ˈpɑləˌtɪks əˈspɛʃəli əv ðə. ˈsoʊʃəl ˈʧeɪnʤɪz ənd ˈkraɪsiz ˈɛdət ɔn 21 ɑkˈtoʊbər 1969 bɪˈgæn ðə ˈpɪriəd ˈæftər ðə ɪˈlɛkʃən əv ə ˌkoʊəˈlɪʃən wɪθ ðə ənd ðə ˈʤərmən ˈʧænsələr ˈwɪli brænt. ˈwɔltər ʃil wɑz hi hu ˌɪˈnɪʃiˌeɪtɪd ðə ˈfɔrən ˈpɑləsi rɪˈvərsəl. dɪˈspaɪt ə ˈvɛri smɔl məˈʤɔrəti hi ənd ˈwɪli brænt sæt baɪ ðə ˌkɑntrəˈvərʃəl nu ˌoʊstˌpoʊlɪˈtɪk. ðɪs ˈpɑləsi wɑz wɪˈθɪn ðə kwaɪt ˌkɑntrəˈvərʃəl, əˈspɛʃəli sɪns ˈæftər ðə ˈɛntri ˈɪntu ðə ˈfɛdərəl ˈgəvərnmənt dɪˈfits ɪn steɪt ɪˈlɛkʃənz ɪn nɔrθ, loʊər ˈsæksəni ənd ɔn 14 ʤun 1970 ˈfɑloʊd. ɪn ˈhænoʊvər ənd saarbrücken*, ðə ˈpɑrti lɛft ðə ˈpɑrləmɛnt. ˈæftər ðə ˈfɛdərəl ˈpɑrti ˈkɑŋgrəs ɪn bɑn, ʤɪst ə wik ˈleɪtər səˈpɔrtɪd ðə ˈpɑləsi əv ðə ˈpɑrti ˈlidərˌʃɪp ənd ʃil hæd kənˈfərmd ɪn ˈɔfəs, ˈfaʊndɪd baɪ ˈsigˌfrid ˈpɑrti raɪts 11 ˌʤuˈlaɪ 1970 ə "nɑnˈpɑrtəzən" ˌɔrgənəˈzeɪʃən kɔld ðə ˈækʃən ɔn ðə tɪ fɔl wɪθ ðə goʊl əv ˈɛndɪŋ ðə kɔrs əv ðə ˈpɑrti ənd ʃil. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ðɪs wɑz nɑt. səˈpɔrtɪd ɪn ɑkˈtoʊbər 1970 ə dɪsəˈpruvəl ˌrɛzəˈluʃən əv ˌɑpəˈzɪʃən tɪ ˈtrɛʒəri ˈsɛkrəˌtɛri ˌælɪgˈzændər möller*, ˈɛrɪk mɛnd, haɪnz stɑrk, ənd dɪd ðə seɪm. ə ˈlɪtəl ˈleɪtər ɔl θri dɪˈklɛrd ðɛr wɪθˈdrɔəl frəm ðə; mɛnd ənd strɔŋ ʤɔɪnd ðə ɪn, ˈleɪtər ˈfaʊndɪd ðə ˈʤərmən ˈjunjən, wɪʧ dɪz nɑt meɪk ɪt pæst ðə ˈstætəs əv ə ˈsplɪntər ˈpɑrti. ðə ˈfɔrən ˈpɑləsi ənd ðə ˈʧeɪnʤɪz wər meɪd ɪn 1971 baɪ ðə ˈθisiz, wɪʧ wər ɛz ˈpeɪpərˌbæk soʊld mɔr ðən taɪmz, ɔn ə ˌθiərˈɛtɪkəl ˈbeɪsɪs, ðə ɪz kəˈmɪtɪd tɪ "ˈsoʊʃəl ˈlɪˌbərəˌlɪzəm" ənd ˈsoʊʃəl rɪˈfɔrmz. ˈwɔltər ʃil wɑz fərst ˈfɔrən ˈmɪnɪstər ənd vaɪs ˈʧænsələr, 1974 hi wɑz ðɛn ˈprɛzɪdənt ənd ˈpeɪvɪŋ ðə weɪ fər ðə ˈpriviəs ˌɪnˈtɪriər ˈmɪnɪstər ˈgɛnʃər fri. frəm 1969 tɪ 1974 ðə səˈpɔrtɪd ðə ˈʧænsələr ˈwɪli brænt, hu wɑz səkˈsidɪd baɪ ˈhɛlmət ʃmɪt. ɔˈrɛdi baɪ ðə ɛnd əv ðə ðɛr dɪd nɑt sim tɪ bi ɪˈnəf ˌsɪməˈlɛrətiz bɪtˈwin ðə ənd ðə tɪ fɔrm ə nu ˌkoʊəˈlɪʃən, bət ðə ˈʧænsələr ˈkænədɪt əv frænz ˈʤoʊsəf straʊs ɪn 1980 pʊʃt ðə ˈpɑrtiz tɪ rən təˈgɛðər əˈgɛn. ðə ˈpɑləsiz, ˌhaʊˈɛvər, bɪˈgæn tɪ drɪft əˈpɑrt frəm ðə spd's*, əˈspɛʃəli wɪn ɪt keɪm tɪ ðə ɪˈkɑnəmi. wɪˈθɪn ðə, ðɛr wɑz strɔŋ ˈgræsˈruts ˌɑpəˈzɪʃən tɪ ˈʧænsələr ˈhɛlmət ʃmɪts ˈpɑləsiz ɔn ðə ˈneɪtoʊ dɪˈsɪʒən. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, wɪˈθɪn ðə, ðə ˈkɑnflɪkts ənd ˈkɑntræsts wər ˈɔlˌweɪz ˈgreɪtər. koʊl ˈgəvərnmənt, ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk trænˈzɪʃən ənd riˌunəfəˈkeɪʃən ˈɛdət ɪn ðə fɔl əv 1982 ðə tɔr əp ɪts ˌkoʊəˈlɪʃən əˈgrimənt wɪθ ðə ənd ˌɪnˈstɛd θru ɪts səˈpɔrt bɪˈhaɪnd ðə. ɔn 1 ɑkˈtoʊbər, ðə ənd wər ˈeɪbəl tɪ aʊst ʃmɪt ənd ˌriˈpleɪs ɪm wɪθ ˈpɑrti ˈʧɛrmən ˈhɛlmət koʊl ɛz ðə nu ˈʧænsələr. ðə ˌkoʊəˈlɪʃən ʧeɪnʤ rɪˈzəltɪd ɪn səˈvɪr ˌɪnˈtərnəl ˈkɑnflɪkts, ənd ðə ðɛn lɔst əˈbaʊt 20 pərˈsɛnt əv ɪts ˈmɛmbərz, ɛz rɪˈflɛktɪd ɪn ðə ˈʤɛnərəl ɪˈlɛkʃən ɪn 1983 baɪ ə drɔp frəm pərˈsɛnt tɪ pərˈsɛnt. ðə ˈmɛmbərz wɛnt ˈmoʊstli tɪ ðə, ðə grinz ənd ˈnuli fɔrmd ˈsplɪntər ˈpɑrtiz, səʧ ɛz ðə ˈpɑrti ˈlɪˌbərəl ˈdɛməˌkræts (ld*). ðə ˈɛgzɪtɪŋ ˈmɛmbərz ˌɪnˈkludɪd ðə ˈfɔrmər ˈʤɛnərəl ˈsɛkrəˌtɛri ənd ˈleɪtər kəˈmɪʃənər verheugen*. æt ðə ˈpɑrti kənˈvɛnʃən ɪn noʊˈvɛmbər 1982 ðə steɪt ˈʧɛrmən ju ˈʧælənʤd ˈgɛnʃər ɛz ˈpɑrti ˈʧɛrmən. rɪˈsivd 186 əv ðə 40 wɑz ʤɪst ˈnɛroʊli dɪˈfitɪd baɪ ˈgɛnʃər. jəŋ ˈmɛmbərz hu dɪd nɑt əˈgri wɪθ ðə ˈpɑləˌtɪks əv ðə juθ ˌɔrgənəˈzeɪʃən jəŋ ˈdɛməˌkræts ˈfaʊndɪd ɪn 1980 ðə jəŋ ˈlɪˌbərəlz (julis*). fər ə taɪm ðɛr wər tu juθ ˌɔrgənəˈzeɪʃənz saɪd baɪ saɪd, ənˈtɪl ðə bɪˈkeɪm ðə nu əˈfɪʃəl juθ wɪŋ əv ðə. ðə jəŋ ˈdɛməˌkræts splɪt frəm ðə ənd wər lɛft ɛz ə juθ ˌɔrgənəˈzeɪʃən. æt ðə taɪm əv riˌunəfəˈkeɪʃən, ðə əˈbʤɛktɪv wɑz ə ˈspɛʃəl ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk zoʊn ɪn ðə ˈfɔrmər ist ˈʤərməni, bət kʊd nɑt prɪˈveɪl əˈgɛnst ðə csu*, ɛz ðɪs wʊd prɪˈvɛnt ˈɛni lɔs əv voʊts ɪn ðə faɪv nu ˈfɛdərəl steɪts ɪn ðə ˈʤɛnərəl ɪˈlɛkʃən ɪn 1990 ɪn ɔl ˈfɛdərəl ɪˈlɛkʃən kæmˈpeɪnz sɪns ðə 1980s*, ðə ˈpɑrti ˈsaɪdɪd wɪθ ðə ənd csu*, ðə meɪn kənˈsərvətɪv ˈpɑrtiz ɪn ˈʤərməni. ˈfɑloʊɪŋ ˈʤərmən riˌunəfəˈkeɪʃən ɪn 1990 ðə mərʤd wɪθ ðə əˌsoʊʃiˈeɪʃən əv fri ˈdɛməˌkræts, ə ˈgrupɪŋ əv ˈlɪˌbərəlz frəm ist ˈʤərməni ənd ðə ˈlɪˌbərəl ˌdɛməˈkrætɪk ˈpɑrti əv ˈʤərməni. ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə pəˈlɪtɪkəl əˈphivəlz əv ɪn ðə nu ˈlɪˌbərəl ˈpɑrtiz ˈimərʤd, laɪk ðə ist ˈʤərməni ər ðə ˈʤərmən ˈfɔrəm ˈpɑrti. ðeɪ fɔrmd ðə ˈlɪˌbərəl ˌdɛməˈkrætɪk ˈpɑrti, hu hæd ˈpriviəsli ˈæktɪd ɛz ə blɑk ˈpɑrti ɔn ðə saɪd əv ðə ənd wɪθ ˈmænfrɪd ˈgərlək ˈɔlsoʊ ðə læst ˈkaʊnsəl əv steɪt əv ðə pərˈzɛnəd, ðə əˈlaɪəns əv fri ˈdɛməˌkræts, (bfd*). wɪˈθɪn ðə keɪm ɪn ðə ˈfɑloʊɪŋ jɪrz tɪ kənˈsɪdərəbəl ˌɪnˈtərnəl dɪˈskəʃənz əˈbaʊt ˈdilɪŋ wɪθ ðə ˈfɔrmər blɑk ˈpɑrti. ˈivɪn ˌbiˈfɔr ðə riˌunəfəˈkeɪʃən əv ˈʤərməni juˈnaɪtɪd ɔn ə ʤɔɪnt ˈkɑŋgrəs ɪn ˈhænoʊvər, ðə wɛst ˈʤərmən juˈnaɪtɪd wɪθ ðə ˈəðər ˈpɑrtiz tɪ fɔrm ðə fərst ˈpɑrti. boʊθ ˈpɑrti ˈfækʃənz brɔt ðə ə greɪt, ɔlˈbiɪt ˌʃɔrˈtlɪvd, ˌɪnˈkris ɪn ˈmɛmbərˌʃɪp. ɪn ðə fərst ˈbəndəˌstæg ɪˈlɛkʃənz, ðə ˌkoʊəˈlɪʃən wɑz kənˈfərmd, ðə rɪˈsivd pərˈsɛnt əv ðə ˈvælɪd voʊts 79 sits) ənd wən (ɪn ˈhæli (saale*)) ðə fərst dɪˈrɛkt ˈmænˌdeɪt sɪns 1957 ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə 1990s*, ðə wən bɪtˈwin ənd 11 pərˈsɛnt əv ðə voʊt ɪn ˈbəndəˌstæg ɪˈlɛkʃənz. ɪt læst pɑrˈtɪsəˌpeɪtɪd ɪn ðə ˈfɛdərəl ˈgəvərnmənt baɪ ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnɪŋ ðə ˈʤunjər ˈpɑrtnər ɪn ðə ˈgəvərnmənt əv ˈʧænsələr ˈhɛlmət koʊl əv ðə. ɪn 1998 ðə ˌkoʊəˈlɪʃən lɔst ðə ˈfɛdərəl ɪˈlɛkʃən, wɪʧ ˈɛndɪd ðə ˈnɪrli reɪn ɪn ˈgəvərnmənt. ɪn ɪts 2002 kæmˈpeɪn ðə meɪd ən ɪkˈsɛpʃən tɪ ɪts ˈpɑrti ˈpɑləsi əv ˈsaɪdɪŋ wɪθ ðə wɪn ɪt əˈdɑptəd tɪ ðə ənd. frəm 1998 ənˈtɪl 2009 ðə rɪˈmeɪnd ɪn ðə ˌɑpəˈzɪʃən ənˈtɪl ɪt bɪˈkeɪm pɑrt əv ə nu ˌkoʊəˈlɪʃən ˈgəvərnmənt. 2005 ˈfɛdərəl ɪˈlɛkʃən ˈɛdət ˈfɔrmər ˈloʊgoʊ ɪn ðə 2005 ˈʤɛnərəl ɪˈlɛkʃən ðə ˈpɑrti wən pərˈsɛnt əv ðə voʊt ənd 61 ˈfɛdərəl ˈdɛpjətiz, ən ˌɪmˈpruvmənt frəm praɪər əˈpɪnjən poʊlz. ɪt ɪz bɪˈlivd ðət ðɪs wɑz ˈpɑrtli du tɪ ˈtæktɪkəl ˈvoʊtɪŋ baɪ ənd ˈkrɪsʧɪn ˈsoʊʃəl ˈjunjən əv bəˈvɛriə (csu*) əˈlaɪəns səˈpɔrtərz hu hoʊpt fər ˈstrɔŋgər ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk rɪˈfɔrmz ðən ðə əˈlaɪəns kɔld fər. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, bɪˈkəz ðə dɪd wərs ðən prɪˈdɪktɪd, ðə ənd ðə əˈlaɪəns wər əˈneɪbəl tɪ fɔrm ə ˌkoʊəˈlɪʃən ˈgəvərnmənt. æt ˈəðər taɪmz, fər ɪgˈzæmpəl ˈæftər ðə 2002 ˈfɛdərəl ɪˈlɛkʃən, ə ˌkoʊəˈlɪʃən bɪtˈwin ðə ənd wɑz ˌɪmˈpɑsəbəl praɪˈmɛrəli bɪˈkəz əv ðə wik rɪˈzəlts əv ðə. ðə ˈpɑrtiz hæd əˈʧivd ðə wərst pərˈfɔrməns ɪn ˈʤərmən ˈpoʊstˈwɔr ˈhɪstəri wɪθ ˈoʊnli pərˈsɛnt əv ðə voʊts. ˈðɛrˌfɔr, ðə ˈwəzənt ˈeɪbəl tɪ fɔrm ə ˌkoʊəˈlɪʃən wɪθ ɪts prɪˈfərd ˈpɑrtnərz, ðə ˈpɑrtiz. ɛz ə rɪˈzəlt, ðə ˈpɑrti wɑz kənˈsɪdərd ɛz ə pəˈtɛnʃəl ˈmɛmbər əv tu ˈəðər pəˈlɪtɪkəl ˌkoʊəˈlɪʃənz, ˈfɑloʊɪŋ ðə ɪˈlɛkʃən. wən ˌpɑsəˈbɪləˌti wɑz ə ˈpɑrtnərˌʃɪp bɪtˈwin ðə, ðə ˈsoʊʃəl ˌdɛməˈkrætɪk ˈpɑrti əv ˈʤərməni (spd*) ənd ðə əˈlaɪəns grinz, noʊn ɛz ə "ˈtræfɪk laɪt ˌkoʊəˈlɪʃən", neɪmd ˈæftər ðə ˈkələrz əv ðə θri ˈpɑrtiz. ðɪs ˌkoʊəˈlɪʃən wɑz ruld aʊt, bɪˈkəz ðə kənˈsɪdərd ðə ˈsoʊʃəl ˈdɛməˌkræts ənd ðə grinz ˌɪnsəˈfɪʃəntli kəˈmɪtɪd tɪ ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk rɪˈfɔrm. ðə ˈəðər ˌpɑsəˈbɪləˌti wɑz ə ˌkoʊəˈlɪʃən, noʊn ɛz ə "ʤəˈmeɪkə ˌkoʊəˈlɪʃən" bɪˈkəz əv ðə əv ðə θri ˈpɑrtiz. ðɪs ˌkoʊəˈlɪʃən ˈwəzənt kənˈkludɪd ˈiðər, sɪns ðə grinz ruld aʊt pɑrˌtɪsəˈpeɪʃən ɪn ˈɛni ˌkoʊəˈlɪʃən wɪθ ðə. ˌɪnˈstɛd, ðə fɔrmd ə grænd ˌkoʊəˈlɪʃən wɪθ ðə, ənd ðə ˈɛnərd ðə ˌɑpəˈzɪʃən. ˈlidər gˈwidoʊ bɪˈkeɪm ðə ˌənəˈfɪʃəl ˈlidər əv ðə ˌɑpəˈzɪʃən baɪ ˈvərʧu əv ðə pəˈzɪʃən ɛz ðə ˈlɑrʤəst ˌɑpəˈzɪʃən ˈpɑrti ɪn ðə ˈbəndəˌstæg. ɪn ðə 2009 ˌjʊrəˈpiən ˈpɑrləmɛnt ɪˈlɛkʃənz, ðə rɪˈsivd 11 əv ðə ˈnæʃənəl voʊt voʊts ɪn ˈtoʊtəl) ənd rɪˈtərnd 12 ˈmərkəl ˈgəvərnmənt ˈɛdət ɪn ðə ˈnæʃənəl voʊt ɔn 27 sɛpˈtɛmbər 2009 ðə ˌɪnˈkrist ɪts ʃɛr əv ðə voʊt baɪ pərˈsɛnɪʤ pɔɪnts tɪ ən ˌɔlˈtaɪm ˈrɛkərd soʊ fɑr. ðɪs pərˈsɛnɪʤ wɑz ɪˈnəf tɪ ˈɔfˌsɛt ə dɪˈklaɪn ɪn ðə voʊt kəmˈpɛrd tɪ 2005 tɪ kriˈeɪt ə ˈgəvərnɪŋ ˌkoʊəˈlɪʃən ɪn ðə ˈbəndəˌstæg wɪθ ə 53 məˈʤɔrəti əv sits. ɔn ɪˈlɛkʃən naɪt, ˈpɑrti ˈlidər sɛd hɪz ˈpɑrti wʊd wərk tɪ ɪnˈʃʊr ðət ˈsɪvəl ˈlɪbərˌtiz wər rɪˈspɛktɪd ənd ðət ˈʤərməni gɑt ən "ˈɛkwɪtəbəl tæks ˈsɪstəm ənd ˈbɛtər ˌɛʤəˈkeɪʃən ðə ˈpɑrti ˈɔlsoʊ meɪd geɪnz ɪn ðə tu steɪt ɪˈlɛkʃənz hɛld æt ðə seɪm taɪm, əkˈwaɪərɪŋ səˈfɪʃənt sits fər ə ˌkoʊəˈlɪʃən ɪn ðə ˈnɔrðərnˌmoʊst steɪt,, ənd ˈgeɪnɪŋ ɪˈnəf voʊts ɪn ˈbrændənbərg tɪ klɪr ðə 5 ˈhərdəl tɪ ˈɛnər ðət steɪts ˈnidɪd] ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ˈæftər ˈriʧɪŋ ɪts bɛst ˈɛvər ɪˈlɛkʃən rɪˈzəlt ɪn 2009 ðə səˈpɔrt ðə ˈpɑləsi ˈplɛʤɪz wər pʊt ɔn hoʊld baɪ ˈmərkəl ɛz ðə ˌriˈsɛʃən əv 2009 ənˈfoʊldəd ənd wɪθ ðə ˈɔnˌsɛt əv ðə ˌjʊrəˈpiən dɛt ˈkraɪsəs ɪn baɪ ðə ɛnd əv 2010 ðə ˈpɑrtiz səˈpɔrt hæd drɑpt tɪ ɛz loʊ ɛz 5 ðə rɪˈteɪnd ðɛr sits ɪn ðə steɪt ɪˈlɛkʃənz ɪn nɔrθ, wɪʧ wɑz hɛld sɪks mənθs ˈæftər ðə ˈfɛdərəl ɪˈlɛkʃən, bət aʊt əv ðə ˈsɛvən steɪt ɪˈlɛkʃənz ðət hæv bɪn hɛld sɪns 2009 ðə hæv lɔst ɔl ðɛr sits ɪn faɪv əv ðɛm du tɪ ˈfeɪlɪŋ tɪ krɔs ðə 5 ˈnidɪd] səˈpɔrt fər ðə ˈpɑrti ˈfərðər ɪˈroʊdɪd əˈmɪd ˈɪnˌfaɪtɪŋ ənd ən ˌɪnˈtərnəl rɪˈbɛljən ˈoʊvər ˈbeɪˌlaʊts ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə dɛt stɛpt daʊn ɛz ˈpɑrti ˈlidər ɪn 2011 ˈæftər ðə ˈpɑrti wɑz waɪpt aʊt ɪn boʊθ ənd, ɛz wɛl ɛz ˈluzɪŋ hæf ɪts sits ɪn. hi wɑz ˌriˈpleɪst ɔn 13 meɪ 2011 baɪ ˈfɪlɪp. ðə ʧeɪnʤ ɪn ˈlidərˌʃɪp feɪld tɪ rɪˈvaɪv ðə ˈfɔrʧənz, ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ənd ɪn ðə nɛkst ˈsɪriz əv steɪt ɪˈlɛkʃənz, ðə ˈpɑrti lɔst ɔl ɪts sits ɪn ˈbrɛmən,, ənd ɪn bərˈlɪn, ðə ˈpɑrti lɔst ˈnɪrli 75 əv ðə səˈpɔrt ðeɪ hæd hæd ɪn ðə ˈpriviəs ɪn mɑrʧ 2012 ðə lɔst ɔl ðɛr sits ɪn. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ðɪs wɑz əˈvərtəd ɪn ðə steɪt ɪˈlɛkʃənz, wɪn ðeɪ əˈʧivd 8 əv ðə voʊt, wɪʧ wɑz ə səˈvɪr lɔs əv sits bət stɪl ˈoʊvər ðə 5 θˈrɛˌʃoʊld. ɪn ðə snæp ɪˈlɛkʃənz ɪn nɔrθ ə wik ˈleɪtər, ðə nɑt ˈoʊnli krɔst ðə θˈrɛˌʃoʊld, bət ˈɔlsoʊ ˌɪnˈkrist ɪts ʃɛr əv ðə voʊts tɪ 2 pərˈsɛnɪʤ pɔɪnts haɪər ðən ɪn ðə ˈpriviəs steɪt ɪˈlɛkʃən. ðɪs wɑz əˈtrɪbjətəd tɪ ðə ˈloʊkəl ˈlidərˌʃɪp əv ˈkrɪsʧɪn 2013 ˈfɛdərəl ɪˈlɛkʃən ˈɛdət ðə læst wən ə dɪˈrɛkli ɪˈlɛktɪd sit ɪn ˈoʊnli taɪm ɪt həz wən ə dɪˈrɛkli ɪˈlɛktɪd sit sɪns ðə ˈpɑrtiz ˌɪnəˈbɪlɪti tɪ wɪn dɪˈrɛkli ɪˈlɛktɪd sits keɪm bæk tɪ hɔnt ɪt æt ðə 2013 ɪˈlɛkʃən, ɪn wɪʧ ɪt keɪm əp ʤɪst ʃɔrt əv ðə 5 θˈrɛˌʃoʊld. wɪθ noʊ dɪˈrɛkli ɪˈlɛktɪd sits, ðə wɑz ʃət aʊt əv ðə ˈbəndəˌstæg fər ðə fərst taɪm sɪns 1949 ˈæftər ðə ˈpriviəs ˈʧɛrmən ˈfɪlɪp ðɛn rɪˈzaɪnd, ˈkrɪsʧɪn ˈlɪndnər tʊk ˈoʊvər ðə ˈlidərˌʃɪp əv ðə ˈpɑrti. 2014 ˌjʊrəˈpiən ənd steɪt ɪˈlɛkʃənz ˈɛdət ɪn ðə 2014 ˌjʊrəˈpiən ˈpɑrləmɛnt ɪˈlɛkʃənz, ðə rɪˈsivd əv ðə ˈnæʃənəl voʊt voʊts ɪn ˈtoʊtəl) ənd rɪˈtərnd 3 ɪn ðə ˈbrændənbərg steɪt ɪˈlɛkʃən, 2014 ðə ˈpɑrti ɪkˈspɪriənst ə ənd lɔst ɔl ðɛr ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnətɪvz ɪn ðə ˈbrændənbərg steɪt ˈpɑrləmɛnt. ɪn ðə ˈsæksəni steɪt ɪˈlɛkʃən, 2014 ðə ˈpɑrti ɪkˈspɪriənst ə, əˈgɛn ˈluzɪŋ ɔl əv ɪts sits. ɪn ðə steɪt ɪˈlɛkʃən, 2014 ə ˈsɪmələr fəˈnɑməˌnɑn wɑz rɪˈpitɪd wɪθ ðə ˈpɑrti ˈfɑlɪŋ bɪˈloʊ ðə 5 θˈrɛˌʃoʊld ˈfɑloʊɪŋ ə drɔp ɪn ˈpɑpjələr voʊt. ðə ˈpɑrti ˈmænɪʤd tɪ ˈɛnər ˈpɑrləmɛnt ɪn ðə ˈbrɛmən steɪt ɪˈlɛkʃən, 2015 wɪθ ðə ˈpɑrti rɪˈsivɪŋ əv ðə voʊt ənd ˈgeɪnɪŋ 6 sits. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ɪt feɪld tɪ gɪt ˈɪntu ˈgəvərnmənt ɛz ə ˌkoʊəˈlɪʃən bɪtˈwin ðə ˈsoʊʃəl ˈdɛməˌkræts ənd ðə grinz wɑz kriˈeɪtɪd. ɪn ðə steɪt ɪˈlɛkʃən, 2016 ðə ˈpɑrti feɪld tɪ gɪt ˈɪntu ˈpɑrləmɛnt dɪˈspaɪt ˌɪnˈkrisɪŋ ɪts voʊt ʃɛr baɪ ðə ˈpɑrti dɪd ˈmænɪʤ tɪ gɪt ˈɪntu ˈpɑrləmɛnt ɪn, ˈgeɪnɪŋ 3 əv ðə voʊt ənd ə ˈtoʊtəl əv 12 sits. ðɪs ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnts ə ˌɪmˈpruvmənt ˈoʊvər ðɛr ˈpriviəs rɪˈzəlts. ɪn ðə bərˈlɪn steɪt ɪˈlɛkʃən, 2016 ðə ˈpɑrti geɪnd əv ðə voʊt ənd 12 sits bət stɪl feɪld tɪ gɪt ˈɪntu ˈgəvərnmənt. ə ˌkoʊəˈlɪʃən wɑz ˌɪnˈstɛd fɔrmd ˈrɛləˌgeɪtɪŋ ðə tɪ ðə ˌɑpəˈzɪʃən. ɪn ðə steɪt ɪˈlɛkʃən, 2016 ðə ˈpɑrti ˈmænɪʤd tɪ ˈɛnər ˈpɑrləmɛnt rɪˈsivɪŋ əv ðə voʊt ənd 7 sits. ɪt ˈɔlsoʊ ˈmænɪʤd tɪ ˈɛnər ˈgəvərnmənt ˈəndər ə ˈtræfɪk laɪt ˌkoʊəˈlɪʃən. ɪn steɪt ɪˈlɛkʃən, 2016 ðə ˈpɑrti ˈnɛroʊli mɪst ðə 5 θˈrɛˌʃoʊld, rɪˈsivɪŋ əv ðə voʊt ənd ˈðɛrˌfɔr rɪˈsivɪŋ ˈziroʊ sits dɪˈspaɪt ə 1 swɪŋ ɪn ðɛr ˈfeɪvər. ðə nɔrθ steɪt ɪˈlɛkʃən, 2017 wɑz ˈwaɪdli kənˈsɪdərd ə tɛst əv ðə ˈpɑrtiz fˈjuʧər ɛz ðɛr ˈʧɛrmən ˈkrɪsʧɪn ˈlɪndnər wɑz ˈɔlsoʊ ˈlidɪŋ ðə ˈpɑrti ɪn ðət steɪt. ðə ˈpɑrti ɪkˈspɪriənst ə 4 swɪŋ ɪn ɪts ˈfeɪvər ˈgeɪnɪŋ 6 sits ənd ˈɛnərɪŋ ˈɪntu ə ˌkoʊəˈlɪʃən wɪθ ðə wɪθ ə bɛr məˈʤɔrəti. ɪn ðə steɪt ɪˈlɛkʃən, 2017 ðə ˈpɑrti əˈgɛn feɪld tɪ geɪn ˈɛni sits dɪˈspaɪt ə 1 swɪŋ ɪn ðɛr ˈfeɪvər. ðə ˈpɑrti geɪnd 3 sits ənd ˌɪnˈkrist ɪts voʊt ʃɛr baɪ ɪn ðə steɪt ɪˈlɛkʃən, 2017 ðɪs səkˈsɛs wɑz ˈɔfən ˈkrɛdɪtɪd tɪ ðɛr steɪt ˈʧɛrmən ˈwʊlfˌgæŋ kəˈbɪtski. ðeɪ ˈɔlsoʊ ˈmænɪʤd tɪ ðə ˈgəvərnmənt ˈəndər ə ʤəˈmeɪkə ˌkoʊəˈlɪʃən. ɪn ðə ˈfɛdərəl ɪˈlɛkʃən əv 2017 ðə ˈpɑrti skɔrd əv voʊts ənd ˌriˈɛntərd ðə ˈbəndəˌstæg, ˈwɪnɪŋ 80 sits. ˌaɪdiˈɑləʤi ˈɛdət ˈmɛmbərˌʃɪp dɪˈvɛləpmənt ʃoʊɪŋ ðə spaɪk əraʊnd 1990 du tɪ ist ˈʤərmən ənd fˈjuzɪŋ wɪθ ðə (wɛst ˈʤərmən) ðə əˈdhɪrz tɪ ə ˈklæsɪkəl ˈlɪˌbərəl ˈædvəˌkeɪtɪŋ ˈlɪˌbərəˌlɪzəm ɪn boʊθ ðə ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk ənd ˈsoʊʃəl ðə ˈkɑrənt ˈgaɪˌdlaɪnz əv ðə ər ɛnʃˈraɪnd ɪn ðə "ˈprɪnsəpəlz əv ˈwisˌbɑdən". ə ki əˈbʤɛktɪv əv ðə ɪz ðə "ˈstrɛŋθənɪŋ əv ˈfridəm ənd ˌɪndəˈvɪʤəwəl riˌspɑnsəˈbɪləti". θruaʊt ɪts ˈhɪstəri, ðə ˈpɑləsiz hæv ˈʃɪftɪd bɪtˈwin ˈɛmfəsɪs ɔn ˈsoʊʃəl ˈlɪˌbərəˌlɪzəm ənd ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk ˈlɪˌbərəˌlɪzəm. sɪns ðə 1980s*, ðə həz meɪnˈteɪnd ə kənˈsɪstənt stæns. ðə səˈpɔrts strɔŋ ˌkɑmpəˈtɪʃən lɔz ənd ə ˈmɪnəməm ˈstændərd əv ˈwɛlˌfɛr prəˈtɛkʃən fər ˈɛvəri ˈsɪtɪzən. ɪn əˈdɪʃən, ðə ɛnˈdɔrsɪz ˈʧeɪnʤɪz tɪ ˈsoʊʃəl ˈwɛlˌfɛr ənd hɛlθ kɛr ˈsɪstəmz wɪθ lɔz ðət wʊd ˌrikˈwaɪər ˈɛvəri ɪmˈplɔɪd ˈsɪtɪzən tɪ ˌɪnˈvɛst ɪn ə ˈpraɪvət ˈsoʊʃəl sɪˈkjʊrəti əˈkaʊnt. ðə ˈpɑrti səˈpɔrts ə ˈbrækɪt ˈɪnˌkəm tæks ˈsɪstəm, ɛz əˈpoʊzd tɪ ðə ˈkɑrənt 'ˈlɪniər' ˈsɪstəm, ənd, ɪn ðə lɔŋ tərm, ə flæt tæks. ðə eɪmz fər ðə ˌɪntrəˈdəkʃən əv ə ˈsɪtəzənz ˈdɪvɪˌdɛnd, wɪʧ kəˈlɛkts ɔl ðə ˈsoʊʃəl ˈwɛlˌfɛr ənd ˈsoʊʃəl sɪˈkjʊrəti fəndz əv ðə steɪt. ðə səˈpɔrts raɪts beɪst ɔn səˈpɔrt əv ˌɪndəˈvɪʤəwəl ˈlɪbərˌti. fər ˈɪnstəns, ˈfɔrmər ˈpɑrti ˈlidər gˈwidoʊ wɑz ˈoʊpənli geɪ. jɛt, wɪn ðə ˈpɑrti ʤɔɪnd ə ˌkoʊəˈlɪʃən wɪθ ðə kənˈsərvətɪv, ðə ˈpɑrtiz grup ɪn ˈpɑrləmɛnt ˈvoʊtɪd əˈgɛnst ən ˌɑpəˈzɪʃən ˈmoʊʃən ˈligəˌlaɪzɪŋ ˌseɪmˈsɛks ˈmɛrɪʤ, ɪn ˈɔrdər nɑt tɪ θˈrɛtən ðə ðə dɪˈskraɪbz ˌɪtˈsɛlf ɛz ə ˈpɑrti ənd wɔnts ə ˈplɪtɪkli ˈɪnəˌgreɪtɪd wɪθ ə ˈkɑmən ˈfɔrən ənd sɪˈkjʊrəti ˈpɑləsi, bət səˈpɔrtɪd ə ˌrɛfərˈɛndəm ɔn ðə ˈtriti əv ˈpɑləsiz ˈɛdət ðə ˈbeɪsɪk ˈkɑnsɛpt əv ðə ɪz ˈlɪˌbərəˌlɪzəm, wɪʧ ɪt həz trəˈdɪʃənəli ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnɪd ɪn ˈʤərməni. ɪts ˌfəndəˈmɛnəl aɪˈdil ɪz ˈðɛrˌfɔr ɪn ðə ˈfridəm əv mæn, əˈspɛʃəli ˌbiˈfɔr steɪt paʊər. ðə ˈkɑrənt ˈgaɪˌdlaɪnz ər ˈæŋkərd ɪn ðə 'ˈkɑrlzˌru freiheitsthesen*'. ðiz wər ˌdɪˈsaɪdɪd əˈpɑn æt ðə ˈænjuəl ˈfɛdərəl ˌpɑrləˈmɛntəri ˈkɑnfərəns ɔn 22 ˈeɪprəl 2012 ɪn ˈkɑrlzˌru. ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk ˈpɑləsi ˈɛdət ðə ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk ˈpɑləsi əv ðə ɪz beɪst ɔn ˈlɪˌbərəl ənd ˈsoʊʃəl ˈmɑrkɪt ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪks. ɪt kɔlz fər ə steɪt ˈrɛgjələˌtɔri ˈpɑləsi wɪʧ kriˈeɪts ðə əˈproʊpriˌeɪt ˈfreɪmˌwərk fər ðɪs bət dɪz nɑt dɪˈstɔrt ðə ˈmɑrkɪt θru ɪkˈsɛsɪv steɪt ˌɪntərˈvɛnʃəˌnɪzəm. ðə meɪn əˈbʤɛktɪv ɪz tɪ kriˈeɪt ʤɑbz baɪ ˌɪmˈpruvɪŋ ðə ˌɪnˈvɛstmənt ɪn ðə ɪˈkɑnəmi. ðɪs wɪl bi əˈʧivd θru bjʊˈrɑkrəsi rɪˈdəkʃən, ˈpraɪvətəˈzeɪʃən, diˌrɛgjəˈleɪʃən, rɪˈdəkʃən əv ˈsəbsɪdiz ənd rɪˈfɔrm əv ðə kəˈlɛktɪv ˈbɑrgɪnɪŋ. ðə ˈpɑrti siz ˌgloʊbəlɪˈzeɪʃən ɛz ən ˌɑpərˈtunəti kriˈeɪtər. ðə bɪˈlivz ˈgəvərnmənt dɛt ʃʊd bi rɪˈdust ənd ə ˈbælənst ˈbəʤɪt ɪz ˈsəmθɪŋ tɪ straɪv fər. ɪn tərmz əv tæks ˈpɑləsi, ə ˈsɪmpələr tæks koʊd ɪz kɔld fər. ðɛr ˈɪnˌkəm tæks ˈmɑdəl ˌɪnˈvɑlvz ə mɔr ˈkɑmən ˈsɪstəm ɪn wɪʧ tæks ˈbrækɪts hæv ˈkɑnstənt reɪts, ˈrəðər ðən reɪts wɪʧ ˌɪnˈkris ˈlɪniərli wɪθ ˈɪnˌkəm. ɪn ðə lɔŋ tərm, ə ˈsoʊˈkɔld flæt tæks ɪz fər. tæks kəts ər dɪˈzaɪnd tɪ ˌɪnˈkris ðə ˈpərʧəsɪŋ paʊər əv ˈwərkərz ənd ˈstɪmjəˌleɪt ðə ɪˈkɑnəmi. ðə ˈriʤɛkts ðə ˈneɪʃənˈwaɪd ˈmɪnəməm weɪʤ, wɪʧ wɑz ˈoʊnli ˌɪntrəˈdust tɪ ˈʤərməni ɪn 2015 ɔn ðə ˈəðər hænd, weɪʤ ˈsilɪŋz ər tɪ bi ˌɪntrəˈdust wɪʧ dɪˈpɛnd ɔn ðə spɪˈsɪfɪk ˌkɛrɪktərˈɪstɪks əv rɪˈspɛktɪv ˈriʤənz ənd ˈɪndəstriz. ˈsoʊʃəl ˈpɑləsi ˈɛdət ɪn ˈsoʊʃəl ˈpɑləsi, ðə ˌɪntrəˈdəkʃən əv ə kənˈsɑləˌdeɪtəd ˈwɛlˌfɛr ˈpeɪmənts ɪn wɪʧ ɔl ˈsoʊʃəl eɪd əv ðə steɪt ɪz kəmˈbaɪnd. ðɪs ɪz ə beɪst əv ˈnɛgətɪv ˈɪnˌkəm tæks. ɪt wʊd hæv ə wərk ˌɑbləˈgeɪʃən laɪk ðoʊz faʊnd ɪn ˈprɛzənt ˌrɛgjəˈleɪʃən. ə ˈkɑmən dɪˈnɑməˌneɪtər əv ðə ɪz ðə ˈkrɪtɪkəl ˈætəˌtud təˈwɔrd ən ˈoʊvərˈpaʊrɪŋ əv ðə steɪt ənd tɪ kənˈsərvətɪv ər ɪˌgæləˈtɛriən ˈkɔrpərət dɪˈzaɪnz. əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ðə ˈmɑtoʊ "ɛz məʧ steɪt ɛz ˈnɛsəˌsɛri, ɛz ˈlɪtəl steɪt ɛz ˈpɑsəbəl", ðə traɪz tɪ ˈlɪmət ðə ˌɪnərˈfɪrəns əv ðə steɪt wɪθ ðə laɪf əv ðə ˌɪndəˈvɪʤəwəl ɛz fɑr ɛz ˈpɑsəbəl, ˈðɛrˌfɔr ɪt ˈɔlsoʊ ˈriʤɛkts ɔl ˈɛləmənts əv ə ˈmɑnətərɪŋ ˈkəntri. ə kəˈnɛktɪŋ ˈɛləmənt ɪz ðə aɪˈdiə əv "kriˈeɪtɪŋ ənd ˈseɪfˌgɑrdɪŋ ðə ˈfridəm əv ðə ˌɪndəˈvɪʤəwəl", ðəs ɪt kənˈtrɪbjutɪd ˈɔlˌmoʊst ɔl ˈsoʊʃəl ˈriəˌlaɪzd ɪn ðə ˈfɛdərəl riˈpəblɪk. hɛlθ ˈpɑləsi ˈɛdət ɪn ðə fild əv hɛlθ ˈpɑləsi, ðə ˈɑrgjuz fər ə rɪˈdəkʃən əv ˌbjʊrəˈkrætɪk ˌrɛgjəˈleɪʃənz. ˈɔlsoʊ ðə ˈfɪzɪkəl ˈsɛlfdɪˌtərməˈneɪʃən ɪz ˌpɑrˈtɪkjələrli ˈɛmfəˌsaɪzd. fər ɪgˈzæmpəl, iʧ ˈjumən biɪŋ ʃʊd ˈɔlsoʊ hæv ðə raɪt ɪn ðə ˈkɑntɛkst əv ˈmɛdɪkəl ˈtritmənt tɪ ˈfrili dɪˈtərmən hɪz baɪˈɑləʤi. ɪn əˈdɪʃən, ðə eɪmz tɪ ˈligəˌlaɪz ˈkænəbəs. ˈfæməli ˈpɑləsi ˈɛdət ðə ɪz kəˈmɪtɪd tɪ ðə ˈligəl ɪkˈwɑləti əv ˈdɪfərənt fɔrmz əv ˈlɪvɪŋ təˈgɛðər. ˈmɛrɪʤ bɪtˈwin ˈhəzbənd ənd waɪf ʃʊd nɑt bi prɪˈfərd tɪ ˈəðər fɔrmz əv ˈlɪvɪŋ təˈgɛðər. ˌseɪmˈsɛks ˈkəpəlz ər tɪ bi ˈgɪvɪn ðə seɪm raɪts ɛz ˌhɛtəroʊˈsɛkˌʃuəl pɛrz fər ɪgˈzæmpəl, ðə ˈkɑmən raɪt əv əˈdɑpʃən. ðə ˈoʊpənɪŋ əv ˈmɛrɪʤ fər ˌseɪmˈsɛks ˈkəpəlz ɪz dɪˈmændɪd. ðə ˈɪnˌkəm ˈsplɪtɪŋ ʃʊd bi rɪˈteɪnd. ðə ɪkˈspænʧən əv ˈkɪndərˌgɑrtən ˈpleɪsɪz ɪz tɪ bi ˈstrɛŋθənd ˈneɪʃənˈwaɪd. ɪˈlɛkʃən rɪˈzəlts ˈɛdət ˈfɛdərəl ˈpɑrləmɛnt (ˈbəndəˌstæg) ˈɛdət bɪˈloʊ ər ʧɑrts əv ðə rɪˈzəlts ðət ðə həz sɪˈkjʊrd ɪn iʧ ɪˈlɛkʃən tɪ ðə ˈfɛdərəl ˈbəndəˌstæg. ˈtaɪmlaɪnz ʃoʊɪŋ ðə ˈnəmbər əv sits ənd pərˈsɛnɪʤ əv ˈpɑrti lɪst voʊts wən ər ɔn ðə raɪt. ˌjʊrəˈpiən ˈpɑrləmɛnt ˈɛdət ɪˈlɛkʃən jɪr noʊ. əv ˈoʊvərˌɔl voʊts əv ˈoʊvərˌɔl voʊt noʊ. əv ˈoʊvərˌɔl sits wən 1979) 4 81 4 1984) 0 81 4 1989) 4 81 4 1994) 0 99 4 1999) 0 99 0 2004) 7 99 7 2009) 12 99 5 2014) 3 96 9 steɪt ˈpɑrləˌmɛnts ˈɛdət ˈwərnər kləmp ˈɪnərəm əv ðə frəm 26 ʤun 1979 tɪ 5 ˌʤuˈlaɪ 1979 steɪt ˈpɑrləmɛnt ɪˈlɛkʃən jɪr noʊ. əv ˈoʊvərˌɔl voʊts əv ˈoʊvərˌɔl voʊt sits ˈgəvərnmənt noʊ. pəˈzɪʃən 2016) 12 138 5 ˌɑpəˈzɪʃən bəˈvɛriə 2018) 11 205 11 ˌɑpəˈzɪʃən bərˈlɪn 2016) 12 149 12 ˌɑpəˈzɪʃən ˈbrændənbərg 2014) 0 88 7 ˈbrɛmən 2015) 6 83 6 ˌɑpəˈzɪʃən ˈhæmbərg 2015) 9 121 0 ˌɑpəˈzɪʃən hɛs 2018) 11 137 5 ˌɑpəˈzɪʃən loʊər ˈsæksəni 2017) 11 137 3 ˌɑpəˈzɪʃən 2016) 0 71 0 nɔrθ 2017) 28 199 6 2016) 7 101 7 2017) 0 51 0 ˈsæksəni 2014) 0 126 14 2016) 0 105 0 2017) 9 69 3 2014) 0 91 7 ˈlidərˌʃɪp ˈɛdət ˈgɛnʃər sərvd ˈɔlˌmoʊst kənˈtɪnjuəsli ɛz ˈfɔrən ˈmɪnɪstər ənd vaɪs ˈʧænsələr frəm 1974 tɪ 1992 ˈpɑrti ˈʧɛrmɪn ˈɛdət ˈlidərz ɪn ðə ˈbəndəˌstæg ˈɛdət si ˈɔlsoʊ ˈɛdət noʊts ˈɛdət saɪˈteɪʃənz ˈɛdət
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the free democratic party (german: freie demokratische partei, fdp) is a liberal[2][3][4] and classical liberal[5][6][7] political party in germany. the fdp is led by christian lindner.
the fdp was founded in 1948 by members of former liberal political parties which existed in germany before world war ii, namely the german democratic party and the german people's party. for most of the german federal republic's history, it has held the balance of power in the bundestag. it was a junior coalition partner to the cdu/csu (1949–1956, 1961–1966, 1982–1998 and 2009–2013) and the social democratic party of germany (1969–1982). in the 2013 federal election, the fdp failed to win any directly elected seats in the bundestag and came up short of the 5 percent threshold to qualify for list representation, being left without representation in the bundestag for the first time in its history.[20] in the 2017 federal election, the fdp regained its representation in the bundestag, receiving 10.6% of the vote.
the fdp strongly supports human rights, civil liberties and internationalism. the party is traditionally considered centre-right. since the 1980s, the party has firmly pushed economic liberalism and has aligned itself closely to the promotion of free markets and privatization. it is a member of liberal international and the alliance of liberals and democrats for europe (alde).
history [ edit ]
soon after world war ii, the soviet union forced the creation of political parties. in july 1945 william kulice and eugen schiffer called for the establishment of a pan-german party, whose constitution the allies hesitantly approved only in the soviet occupation zone as the liberal democratic party of germany. in september 1945, citizens in hamburg established the party of free democrats (pfd) as a bourgeois left party and the first liberal party in the western zones. in the first state elections in hamburg in october 1946 the party won 18.2 percent of the vote. the fdp secured between 7.8 and 29.9 percent of the 1946 vote in greater berlin (east) and saxony, the only states in soviet-occupied territories that held free parliamentary elections. however, it had to support the policies of the socialist unity party of germany (sed) and join the national front of the gdr as a "bloc party". following the fdp's success, liberal parties were founded across the states. the fdp won hesse's 1950 state election with 31.8 percent, the best result in its history, through appealing to east germans displaced by the war by including them on their ticket.
founding of the party [ edit ]
the democratic party of germany (dpd) was established in rothenburg ob der tauber on 17 march 1947 as a pan-german party. its leaders were theodor heuss and wilhelm külz. however, the project failed as a result of disputes over külz's political direction.
the free democratic party was established on 11–12 december 1948 in heppenheim, in hesse, as an association of all 13 regional liberal party organizations in the three western zones of occupation.[21] the proposed name, liberal democratic party (ldp), was rejected by the delegates, who voted 64 to 25 in favour of the name free democratic party (fdp).
the party's first chairman was theodor heuss; his deputy was franz blücher. the place for the party's foundation was chosen deliberately: it was at the heppenheim assembly that the moderate liberals had met in october 1847 before the march revolution. some regard the "heppenheim assembly", which was held at the halber mond (half moon) hotel on 10 october 1847, as a meeting of leading liberals that was the beginning of the german revolution of 1848-49.
up to the 1950s, several of the fdp's regional organizations were to the right of the cdu/csu, which initially had ideas of some sort of christian socialism, and even former office-holders of the third reich were courted with national, patriotic values.
the fdp was founded on 11 december 1948 through the merger of nine regional liberal parties formed in 1945 from the remnants of the pre-1933 german people's party (dvp) and the german democratic party (ddp), which had been active in the weimar republic.[note 1] the fdp's first chairman, theodor heuss, was formerly a member of the ddp and after the war of the democratic people's party (dvp).
1949–1969: reconstruction of germany [ edit ]
"schlußstrich drunter!"—fdp election campaign poster before the 1949 bundestag election in hesse calling for a halt on denazification
in the first elections to the bundestag on 14 august 1949, the fdp won a vote share of 11.9 percent (with 12 direct mandates, particularly in baden-württemberg and hesse), and thus obtained 52 of 402 seats. in september of the same year the fdp chairman theodor heuss was elected the first president of the federal republic of germany. in his 1954 re-election, he received the best election result to date of a president with 871 of 1018 votes (85.6 percent) of the federal assembly. adenauer was also elected on the proposal of the new german president with an extremely narrow majority as the first chancellor. the fdp participated with the cdu/csu and the dp in adenauer's coalition cabinet: they had three ministers: franz blücher (vice-chancellor), thomas dehler (justice) and eberhard wildermuth (housing).
on the most important economic, social and german national issues, the fdp agreed with their coalition partners, the cdu/csu. however, the fdp recommended to the bourgeois voters a secular party that refused the religious schools and accused the opposition parties of clericalization. the fdp said they were known also as a consistent representative of the market economy, while the cdu was then dominated nominally from the ahlen programme, which allowed a third way between capitalism and socialism. ludwig erhard, the "father" of the social market economy, had his followers in the early years of the federal republic in the union rather than in the fdp.
the fdp voted in parliament at the end of 1950 against the cdu- and spd- introduced de-nazification process. at their party conference in munich in 1951 they demanded the release of all "so-called war criminals" and welcomed the establishment of the "association of german soldiers" of former wehrmacht and ss members, to advance the integration of the nationalist forces in democracy. the 1953 naumann-affair, named after werner naumann, identifies old nazis trying to infiltrate the party, which had many right-wing and nationalist members in hesse, north rhine-westphalia and lower saxony. after the british occupation authorities had arrested seven prominent members of the naumann circle, the fdp federal board installed a commission of inquiry, chaired by thomas dehler, which particularly sharply criticized the situation in the north rhine-westphalian fdp. in the following years, the right wing lost power, and the extreme right increasingly sought areas of activity outside the fdp. in the 1953 federal election, the fdp received 9.5 percent of the party votes, 10.8 percent of the primary vote (with 14 direct mandates, particularly in hamburg, lower saxony, hesse, württemberg and bavaria) and 48 of 487 seats.
in the second term of the bundestag, the south german liberal democrats gained influence in the party.[citation needed] thomas dehler, a representative of a more left-liberal course took over as party and parliamentary leader. the former minister of justice dehler, who in 1933 suffered persecution by the nazis, was known for his rhetorical focus. generally the various regional associations were independent and translated so different from country to country accents in liberal politics. after the fdp had left in early 1956, the coalition with the cdu in north rhine-westphalia and made with spd and center a new state government, were a total of 16 members of parliament, including the four federal ministers from the fdp and founded the short-lived free people's party, which then up was involved to the end of the legislature instead of fdp in the federal government. the fdp first took it to the opposition.
only one of the smaller post-war parties, the fdp survived despite many problems. in 1957 federal elections they still reached 7.7 percent of the vote to 1990 and their last direct mandate with which they had held 41 of 497 seats in the bundestag. however, they still remained in opposition, because the union won an absolute majority. in the following example, the fdp sat for a nuclear-free zone in central europe.
even before the election dehler was assigned as party chairman. at the federal party in berlin at the end january 1957 relieved him reinhold maier. dehler's role as group chairman took over after the election of the national set very erich mende. mende was also chairman of the party.
in the 1961 federal elections, it achieved 12.8 percent nationwide, the best result until then, and the fdp entered a coalition with the cdu again. although it was committed before the election to continuing to sit in any case in a government together with adenauer, chancellor adenauer was again, however, to withdraw under the proviso, after two years. these events led to the fdp being nicknamed the umfallerpartei ("pushover party").[22]
in the spiegel affair, the fdp withdrew their ministers from the federal government. although the coalition was renewed again under adenauer in 1962, the fdp withdrew again on the condition in october 1963. this occurred even under the new chancellor, ludwig erhard. this was for erich mende turn the occasion to go into the cabinet: he took the rather unimportant federal ministry for all-german affairs.
in the 1965 federal elections the fdp gained 9.5 percent. the coalition with the cdu in 1966 broke on the subject of tax increases and it was followed by a grand coalition between the cdu and the spd. the opposition also pioneered a course change to: the former foreign policy and the attitude to the eastern territories were discussed. the new chairman elected delegates in 1968 walter scheel, a european-oriented liberals, although it came from the national liberal camp, but with willi weyer and hans-dietrich genscher led the new center of the party. this center strove to make the fdp coalition support both major parties. here, the liberals approached to by their reorientation in east germany and politics especially of the spd.
1969–1982: social changes and crises [ edit ]
on 21 october 1969 began the period after the election of a social-liberal coalition with the spd and the german chancellor willy brandt. walter scheel was he who initiated the foreign policy reversal. despite a very small majority he and willy brandt sat by the controversial new ostpolitik. this policy was within the fdp quite controversial, especially since after the entry into the federal government defeats in state elections in north rhine-westphalia, lower saxony and saarland on 14 june 1970 followed. in hanover and saarbrücken, the party left the parliament.
after the federal party congress in bonn, just a week later supported the policy of the party leadership and scheel had confirmed in office, founded by siegfried party rights zoglmann 11 july 1970 a "non-partisan" organization called the national-liberal action on the hohensyburgstraße - to fall with the goal of ending the left-liberal course of the party and scheel. however, this was not. zoglmann supported in october 1970 a disapproval resolution of opposition to treasury secretary alexander möller, erich mende, heinz starke, and did the same. a little later all three declared their withdrawal from the fdp; mende and strong joined the cdu in, zoglmann later founded the german union, which does not make it past the status of a splinter party.
the foreign policy and the socio-political changes were made in 1971 by the freiburg theses, which were as rowohlt paperback sold more than 100,000 times, on a theoretical basis, the fdp is committed to "social liberalism" and social reforms. walter scheel was first foreign minister and vice chancellor, 1974, he was then second-liberal president and paving the way for inner-party the previous interior minister hans-dietrich genscher free.
from 1969 to 1974 the fdp supported the spd chancellor willy brandt, who was succeeded by helmut schmidt. already by the end of the 70s there did not seem to be enough similarities between the fdp and the spd to form a new coalition, but the cdu/csu chancellor candidate of franz josef strauss in 1980 pushed the parties to run together again. the fdp's policies, however, began to drift apart from the spd's, especially when it came to the economy. within the spd, there was strong grassroots opposition to chancellor helmut schmidt's policies on the nato double-track decision. however, within the fdp, the conflicts and contrasts were always greater.
1982–1998: kohl government, economic transition and reunification [ edit ]
in the fall of 1982, the fdp tore up its coalition agreement with the spd and instead threw its support behind the cdu/csu. on 1 october, the fdp and cdu/csu were able to oust schmidt and replace him with cdu party chairman helmut kohl as the new chancellor. the coalition change resulted in severe internal conflicts, and the fdp then lost about 20 percent of its 86,500 members, as reflected in the general election in 1983 by a drop from 10.6 percent to 7.0 percent. the members went mostly to the spd, the greens and newly formed splinter parties, such as the left-liberal party liberal democrats (ld). the exiting members included the former fdp general secretary and later eu commissioner günter verheugen. at the party convention in november 1982, the schleswig-holstein state chairman uwe ronneburger challenged hans-dietrich genscher as party chairman. ronneburger received 186 of the votes—about 40 percent—and was just narrowly defeated by genscher.
young fdp members who did not agree with the politics of the fdp youth organization young democrats founded in 1980 the young liberals (julis). for a time there were two youth organizations side by side, until the julis became the new official youth wing of the fdp. the young democrats split from the fdp and were left as a party-independent youth organization.
at the time of reunification, the fdp's objective was a special economic zone in the former east germany, but could not prevail against the cdu / csu, as this would prevent any loss of votes in the five new federal states in the general election in 1990.
in all federal election campaigns since the 1980s, the party sided with the cdu and csu, the main conservative parties in germany. following german reunification in 1990, the fdp merged with the association of free democrats, a grouping of liberals from east germany and the liberal democratic party of germany.
during the political upheavals of 1989/1990 in the gdr new liberal parties emerged, like the fdp east germany or the german forum party. they formed the liberal democratic party, who had previously acted as a block party on the side of the sed and with manfred gerlach also the last council of state of the gdr presented, the alliance of free democrats, (bfd). within the fdp came in the following years to considerable internal discussions about dealing with the former block party. even before the reunification of germany united on a joint congress in hanover, the west german fdp united with the other parties to form the first all-german party. both party factions brought the fdp a great, albeit short-lived, increase in membership. in the first all-german bundestag elections, the cdu/csu/fdp center-right coalition was confirmed, the fdp received 11.0 percent of the valid votes (79 seats) and won (in halle (saale)) the first direct mandate since 1957.
during the 1990s, the fdp won between 6.2 and 11 percent of the vote in bundestag elections. it last participated in the federal government by representing the junior partner in the government of chancellor helmut kohl of the cdu.
in 1998, the cdu/csu - fdp coalition lost the federal election, which ended the fdp's nearly 30-year reign in government. in its 2002 campaign the fdp made an exception to its party policy of siding with the cdu/csu when it adopted equidistance to the cdu and spd. from 1998 until 2009 the fdp remained in the opposition until it became part of a new center-right coalition government.
2005 federal election [ edit ]
former logo (2001–2014)
in the 2005 general election the party won 9.8 percent of the vote and 61 federal deputies, an unpredicted improvement from prior opinion polls. it is believed that this was partly due to tactical voting by cdu and christian social union of bavaria (csu) alliance supporters who hoped for stronger market-oriented economic reforms than the cdu/csu alliance called for. however, because the cdu did worse than predicted, the fdp and the cdu/csu alliance were unable to form a coalition government. at other times, for example after the 2002 federal election, a coalition between the fdp and cdu/csu was impossible primarily because of the weak results of the fdp.
the cdu/csu parties had achieved the 3rd worst performance in german postwar history with only 35.2 percent of the votes. therefore, the fdp wasn't able to form a coalition with its preferred partners, the cdu/csu parties. as a result, the party was considered as a potential member of two other political coalitions, following the election. one possibility was a partnership between the fdp, the social democratic party of germany (spd) and the alliance 90/the greens, known as a "traffic light coalition", named after the colors of the three parties. this coalition was ruled out, because the fdp considered the social democrats and the greens insufficiently committed to market-oriented economic reform. the other possibility was a cdu-fdp-green coalition, known as a "jamaica coalition" because of the colours of the three parties. this coalition wasn't concluded either, since the greens ruled out participation in any coalition with the cdu/csu. instead, the cdu formed a grand coalition with the spd, and the fdp entered the opposition. fdp leader guido westerwelle became the unofficial leader of the opposition by virtue of the fdp's position as the largest opposition party in the bundestag.
in the 2009 european parliament elections, the fdp received 11% of the national vote (2,888,084 votes in total) and returned 12 meps.[23]
2009–2013: merkel ii government [ edit ]
in the national vote on 27 september 2009 the fdp increased its share of the vote by 4.8 percentage points to 14.6%, an all-time record so far. this percentage was enough to offset a decline in the cdu/csu's vote compared to 2005, to create a cdu-fdp centre-right governing coalition in the bundestag with a 53% majority of seats. on election night, party leader westerwelle said his party would work to ensure that civil liberties were respected and that germany got an "equitable tax system and better education opportunities".[24]
the party also made gains in the two state elections held at the same time, acquiring sufficient seats for a cdu-fdp coalition in the northernmost state, schleswig-holstein, and gaining enough votes in left-leaning brandenburg to clear the 5% hurdle to enter that state's parliament.[citation needed]
however, after reaching its best ever election result in 2009, the fdp's support collapsed.[25] the party’s policy pledges were put on hold by merkel as the recession of 2009 unfolded and with the onset of the european debt crisis in 2010.[26] by the end of 2010, the party's support had dropped to as low as 5%. the fdp retained their seats in the state elections in north rhine-westphalia, which was held six months after the federal election, but out of the seven state elections that have been held since 2009, the fdp have lost all their seats in five of them due to failing to cross the 5% threshold.[citation needed]
support for the party further eroded amid infighting and an internal rebellion over euro-area bailouts during the debt crisis.[27]
westerwelle stepped down as party leader in 2011 after the party was wiped out in both saxony-anhalt and rhineland-palatinate, as well as losing half its seats in baden-württemberg. he was replaced on 13 may 2011 by philipp rösler. the change in leadership failed to revive the fdp's fortunes, however, and in the next series of state elections, the party lost all its seats in bremen, mecklenburg-vorpommern, and berlin.[28] in berlin, the party lost nearly 75% of the support they had had in the previous election.[29]
in march 2012, the fdp lost all their seats in saarland. however, this was averted in the schleswig-holstein state elections, when they achieved 8% of the vote, which was a severe loss of seats but still over the 5% threshold. in the snap elections in north rhine-westphalia a week later, the fdp not only crossed the threshold, but also increased its share of the votes to 2 percentage points higher than in the previous state election. this was attributed to the local leadership of christian lindner.[30]
2013 federal election [ edit ]
the fdp last won a directly elected seat in 1990—the only time it has won a directly elected seat since 1957.[31] the party's inability to win directly elected seats came back to haunt it at the 2013 election, in which it came up just short of the 5% threshold. with no directly elected seats, the fdp was shut out of the bundestag for the first time since 1949. after the previous chairman philipp rösler then resigned, christian lindner took over the leadership of the party.
2014 european and state elections [ edit ]
in the 2014 european parliament elections, the fdp received 3.36% of the national vote (986,253 votes in total) and returned 3 meps.[32] in the brandenburg state election, 2014 the party experienced a 5.8% down-swing and lost all their representatives in the brandenburg state parliament. in the saxony state election, 2014, the party experienced a 5.2% down-swing, again losing all of its seats. in the thuringian state election, 2014 a similar phenomenon was repeated with the party falling below the 5% threshold following a 5.1% drop in popular vote.
the party managed to enter parliament in the bremen state election, 2015 with the party receiving 6.5% of the vote and gaining 6 seats. however, it failed to get into government as a coalition between the social democrats and the greens was created. in the mecklenburg-vorpommern state election, 2016 the party failed to get into parliament despite increasing its vote share by 0.3%. the party did manage to get into parliament in baden-württemberg, gaining 3% of the vote and a total of 12 seats. this represents a five-seat improvement over their previous results. in the berlin state election, 2016 the party gained 4.9% of the vote and 12 seats but still failed to get into government. a red-red-green coalition was instead formed relegating the fdp to the opposition. in the rhineland-palatinate state election, 2016, the party managed to enter parliament receiving 6.2% of the vote and 7 seats. it also managed to enter government under a traffic light coalition. in saxony-anhalt state election, 2016 the party narrowly missed the 5% threshold, receiving 4.9% of the vote and therefore receiving zero seats despite a 1% swing in their favour.
the north rhine-westphalia state election, 2017 was widely considered a test of the party's future as their chairman christian lindner was also leading the party in that state. the party experienced a 4% swing in its favour gaining 6 seats and entering into a coalition with the cdu with a bare majority. in the saarland state election, 2017 the party again failed to gain any seats despite a 1% swing in their favour. the party gained 3 seats and increased its vote share by 3.2% in the schleswig-holstein state election, 2017. this success was often credited to their state chairman wolfgang kubicki. they also managed to re-enter the government under a jamaica coalition.
in the federal election of 2017 the party scored 10,7% of votes and re-entered the bundestag, winning 80 seats.
ideology [ edit ]
membership development showing the spike around 1990 due to east german ldpd and ndpd fusing with the (west german) fdp
the fdp adheres to a classical liberal ideology,[5][6][7][33] advocating liberalism in both the economic and social sphere.[34] the current guidelines of the fdp are enshrined in the "principles of wiesbaden". a key objective of the fdp is the "strengthening of freedom and individual responsibility".
throughout its history, the fdp's policies have shifted between emphasis on social liberalism and economic liberalism. since the 1980s, the fdp has maintained a consistent pro-business stance. the fdp supports strong competition laws and a minimum standard of welfare protection for every citizen. in addition, the fdp endorses changes to social welfare and health care systems with laws that would require every employed citizen to invest in a private social security account. the party supports a bracket income tax system, as opposed to the current 'linear' system, and, in the long term, a flat tax. the fdp aims for the introduction of a citizen's dividend, which collects all the tax-financed social welfare and social security funds of the state.
the fdp supports lgbt rights based on support of individual liberty. for instance, former party leader guido westerwelle was openly gay. yet, when the party joined a coalition with the conservative cdu/csu, the party's group in parliament voted against an opposition motion legalizing same-sex marriage, in order not to threaten the coalition.[35]
the fdp describes itself as a pro-european party and wants a politically integrated eu with a common foreign and security policy, but supported a referendum on the treaty of lisbon.[36][37]
policies [ edit ]
the basic concept of the fdp is liberalism, which it has traditionally represented in germany. its fundamental ideal is therefore in the freedom of man, especially before state power. the current fdp guidelines are anchored in the 'karlsruhe freiheitsthesen'. these were decided upon at the 63rd annual federal parliamentary conference on 22 april 2012 in karlsruhe.
economic policy [ edit ]
the economic policy of the fdp is based on liberal and social market economics. it calls for a state regulatory policy which creates the appropriate framework for this but does not distort the market through excessive state interventionism. the main objective is to create jobs by improving the investment in the economy. this will be achieved through bureaucracy reduction, privatization, deregulation, reduction of subsidies and reform of the collective bargaining.
the party sees globalization as an opportunity creator.
the fdp believes government debt should be reduced and a balanced budget is something to strive for.
in terms of tax policy, a simpler tax code is called for. their income tax model involves a more common system in which tax brackets have constant rates, rather than rates which increase linearly with income. in the long term, a so-called flat tax is strived for. tax cuts are designed to increase the purchasing power of workers and stimulate the economy.
the fdp rejects the nationwide minimum wage, which was only introduced to germany in 2015. on the other hand, wage ceilings are to be introduced which depend on the specific characteristics of respective regions and industries.
social policy [ edit ]
in social policy, the introduction of a consolidated welfare payments in which all tax-financed social aid of the state is combined. this is a based of negative income tax. it would have a work obligation like those found in present regulation.
a common denominator of the fdp is the critical attitude toward an overpowering of the state and to conservative or egalitarian corporate designs. according to the motto "as much state as necessary, as little state as possible", the fdp tries to limit the interference of the state with the life of the individual as far as possible, therefore it also rejects all elements of a monitoring country. a connecting element is the idea of "creating and safeguarding the freedom of the individual", thus it contributed almost all social liberalisations realized in the federal republic.
health policy [ edit ]
in the field of health policy, the fdp argues for a reduction of bureaucratic regulations. also the physical self-determination is particularly emphasized. for example, each human being should also have the right in the context of medical treatment to freely determine his biology. in addition, the fdp aims to legalize cannabis.
family policy [ edit ]
the fdp is committed to the legal equality of different forms of living together. marriage between husband and wife should not be preferred to other forms of living together. same-sex couples are to be given the same rights as heterosexual pairs for example, the common right of adoption. the opening of marriage for same-sex couples is demanded. the income splitting should be retained. the expansion of kindergarten places is to be strengthened nationwide.
election results [ edit ]
federal parliament (bundestag) [ edit ]
below are charts of the results that the fdp has secured in each election to the federal bundestag. timelines showing the number of seats and percentage of party list votes won are on the right.
european parliament [ edit ]
election year no. of
overall votes % of
overall vote no. of
overall seats won +/– 1979 1,662,621 5.9 (4th) 4 / 81 4 1984 1,192,624 4.8 (5th) 0 / 81 4 1989 1,576,715 5.6 (6th) 4 / 81 4 1994 1,442,857 4.1 (6th) 0 / 99 4 1999 820,371 3.0 (6th) 0 / 99 0 2004 1,565,431 6.1 (6th) 7 / 99 7 2009 2,888,084 11.0 (4th) 12 / 99 5 2014 986,253 3.3 (7th) 3 / 96 9
state parliaments [ edit ]
werner klumpp , interim minister-president of the saarland from 26 june 1979 to 5 july 1979
state parliament election year no. of
overall votes % of
overall vote seats government no. ± position baden-württemberg 2016 445,430 8.3 (5th) 12 / 138 5 5th opposition bavaria 2018 687,842 5.1 (6th) 11 / 205 11 6th opposition berlin 2016 109,431 6.7 (6th) 12 / 149 12 6th opposition brandenburg 2014 14,389 1.5 (7th) 0 / 88 7 6th extra-parliamentary bremen 2015 76,754 6.5 (5th) 6 / 83 6 5th opposition hamburg 2015 262,157 7.4 (5th) 9 / 121 0 5th opposition hesse 2018 215,946 7.5 (5th) 11 / 137 5 5th opposition lower saxony 2017 287,957 7.5 (4th) 11 / 137 3 4th opposition mecklenburg-vorpommern 2016 24,475 3.0 (6th) 0 / 71 0 6th extra-parliamentary north rhine-westphalia 2017 1,065,307 12.6 (3rd) 28 / 199 6 3rd cdu–fdp rhineland-palatinate 2016 132,262 6.2 (4th) 7 / 101 7 4th spd–fdp–greens saarland 2017 17,419 3.3 (6th) 0 / 51 0 7th extra-parliamentary saxony 2014 61,847 3.8 (7th) 0 / 126 14 7th extra-parliamentary saxony-anhalt 2016 54,525 4.9 (6th) 0 / 105 0 6th extra-parliamentary schleswig-holstein 2017 105,770 11.5 (4th) 9 / 69 3 4th cdu–greens–fdp thuringia 2014 23,352 2.5 (7th) 0 / 91 7 7th extra-parliamentary
leadership [ edit ]
hans-dietrich genscher served almost continuously as foreign minister and vice chancellor from 1974 to 1992
party chairmen [ edit ]
leaders in the bundestag [ edit ]
see also [ edit ]
notes [ edit ]
citations [ edit ]
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wi ər prəˈmoʊts ðə aɪˈdiəz əv ˈændru ˈweɪkˌfild hu ˈrɔŋli lɪŋkt ˈɔˌtɪzəm wɪθ ðə ˌvækˈsin ʃɔn ˈɪmɪʤɪz ə grup lɪŋkt tɪ ˈændru ˈweɪkˌfild, ðə dɪsˈgreɪst ˈfɔrmər ˈdɔktər hu ˈrɔŋli lɪŋkt ˈɔˌtɪzəm wɪθ ðə ˌvækˈsin, wɪl ˈtrævəl tɪ ˈaɪərlənd nɛkst mənθ tɪ lɔnʧ ə kæmˈpeɪn eɪmd æt ˈaɪrɪʃ ˈpɛrənts. ˈpəblɪk hɛlθ kæmˈpeɪnərz hæv wɔrnd ðət ðə ˈmuvmənt ɪz groʊɪŋ ɪn ˈaɪərlənd ənd ˈʧɪldrən wɪl bi lɛft æt rɪsk ɪf ə ɪz nɑt ˈəndərˌteɪkən. wi ər ˈtrævəlz əraʊnd ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts prəˈmoʊtɪŋ ˈmɪstər aɪˈdiəz ənd ˈskrinɪŋ ə ˌdɑkjəˈmɛnəri kɔld ɪn wɪʧ hi kleɪmz ðət ˈdætə hɪz dɪˈbəŋkt ˈɑrgjəmənts həz bɪn ˈkəvərd əp baɪ ðə ˈjuˈɛs əˈθɔrətiz. ðə grup həz əˈnaʊnst ðət ɪt wɪl əraɪv ɪn ˈaɪərlənd ɪn leɪt ˈeɪprəl tɪ ˈɪntərvˌju ˈməðərz əv ɔˈtɪstɪk ˈʧɪldrən hu bɪˈliv ðɛr ˌdaɪəgˈnoʊsəs ɪz ə rɪˈzəlt əv ðə mmr…*…
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we are vaxxed promotes the ideas of andrew wakefield who wrongly linked autism with the mmr vaccine shaun curry/afp/getty images
a group linked to andrew wakefield, the disgraced former doctor who wrongly linked autism with the mmr vaccine, will travel to ireland next month to launch a campaign aimed at irish parents.
public health campaigners have warned that the anti-vaccination movement is growing in ireland and children will be left at risk if a counter-campaign is not undertaken.
we are vaxxed travels around the united states promoting mr wakefield’s ideas and screening a documentary called vaxxed in which he claims that data vindicating his debunked arguments has been covered up by the us authorities.
the group has announced that it will arrive in ireland in late april to interview mothers of autistic children who believe their diagnosis is a result of the mmr…
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ðə rɑb fɔrd kæmˈpeɪn tɪ reɪz ɪˈnəf ˈməni tɪ ˈpərʧəs ənd ˈpəblɪʃ ə ˈvɪdioʊ əv tərˈɑntoʊ meɪər rɑb fɔrd sˈmoʊkɪŋ kræk pæst ɔn ɪts weɪ tɪ ɑr goʊl əv ənd wɪr ˈædɪŋ nu pərks! (nən əv ðɛm ər kræk.) ɛz ju meɪ ˈriˌkɔl, læst wik wi tʊk ə trɪp tɪ ðə ˈwɛlkəmɪŋ, ˈlɪvəbəl ˈsɪti əv tərˈɑntoʊ tɪ vju ə ˈvɪdioʊ əv həz ə lɔŋ ənd ˌɪˈləstriəs ˈhɪstəri əv ɪˈrætɪk bɪˈheɪvjər ənd ˈreɪsɪst kræk koʊˈkeɪn. wi rɪˈtərnd ˈɛmptiˈhændɪd, ˈsædli, bɪˈkəz ðə ˈoʊnər əv ðə teɪp ˈwɔntɪd mɔr ˈməni ðən ˈgɑkər kʊd ˈɔfər. soʊ wiv θroʊn ˈoʊpən ðə ˈbɪdɪŋ tɪ ðə ˈmɪrəkəl əv. sɪns ˈfraɪˌdeɪ ˌæftərˈnun, wiv reɪzd ˈnɪrli hæf ðə ˈməni. (wi doʊnt gɪt ˈɛni əv ɪt ənˈlɛs ənd ənˈtɪl wi hɪt ðə goʊl.) fɔrd, fər hɪz pɑrt, wɑz ɪn ˈhaɪdɪŋ ˈoʊvər ðə lɔŋ ˈhɑlɪˌdeɪ ˈwiˌkɪnd ɪn ˈkænədə (ˈhæpi bɪˈleɪtɪd vɪkˈtɔriə deɪ!) ənd ˈimərʤd ðɪs ˈmɔrnɪŋ tɪ əˈtɛnd ə tərˈɑntoʊ ˈsɪti ˈkaʊnsəl ˈmitɪŋ. dɪˈspaɪt ðə fækt ðət hɪz kræk ˈhæbət ɪz ˈbeɪsɪkli ðə ˈoʊnli θɪŋ kəˈneɪdiənz hæv bɪn ˈtɔkɪŋ əˈbaʊt fər ðə pæst fɔr dɪˈspaɪt ðə fækt ðət hɪz eɪdz likt nuz ðɪs ˈmɔrnɪŋ ðət hi wʊd ˈfɔrsfəli dɪˈnaɪ ˈɛvər ˈhævɪŋ bɪn teɪpt sˈmoʊkɪŋ wɑz ˈsaɪlənt ɔn ðə ˈɪʃu. hu noʊz wət hiz ˈθɪŋkɪŋ. hɪrz ə ˈpɪkʧər əv ɪm, frəm tˈwɪtər, ˈhæŋɪŋ aʊt wɪθ ə tərˈɑntoʊ səˈpɔrtər læst naɪt. ˈlʊkɪŋ gʊd. ˈʧætɪd ɪt əp wɪθ rɑb fɔrd læst naɪt twitter.com/kouklaaaa/stat…*… (@kouklaaaa*) meɪ 21 2013 bət ɪts bɪˈkəmɪŋ ˌɪnˈkrisɪŋgli klɪr ðət rɑb fɔrd ɪz goʊɪŋ tɪ traɪ tɪ bɛr daʊn ənd gɪt θru ðɪs hoʊl "rɑb fɔrd smoʊks kræk koʊˈkeɪn" ˈɪʃu, wɪʧ ɪz waɪ wid laɪk tɪ ɪnˈkərəʤ ˈɛvriˌwən əˈgɛn tɪ ʧɪp ˈɪntu ðə tɪ ˈsɛtəl ɪt wəns ənd fər ɔl. (ɛz wiv plɛʤd, ɪf fər səm ˈrizən wi reɪz ðə ˈməni bət ðə dil goʊz saʊθ, wi wɪl ˈdoʊˌneɪt ɪt tɪ ə kəˈneɪdiən nɑnˈprɑfət ðət ˈæˈdrɛsɪz ˈsəbstəns əˈbjuz ˈɪʃuz.) ˈɔlsoʊ! ðə gʊd ˈpipəl æt haʊs əv prɛs hæv riʧt aʊt tɪ ˈɔfər ˈɛvriˌwən hu ˈdoʊˌneɪts 5 ə fri ˌɪˌlɛkˈtrɑnɪk ˈkɑpi əv ðə ˈlɪtəl bʊk əv rɑb fɔrd, baɪ "ənˈnoʊn torontonian*." ɪts ə ˈhændi kəmˈpɛndiəm əv ɔl ðə bɪˈzɑr, ˈstupɪd, ˈreɪsɪst ʃɪt ðət fɔrd həz sɛd ˈoʊvər ðə jɪrz. ənd 100 ˈləki 25 kənˈtrɪbjətərz wɪl rɪˈsiv ə hɑrd ˈkɑpi əv ðə bʊk (ˈɔfər ˈoʊnli ˈvælɪd ɪn ˈkænədə). ju ʃʊd ˈfɑloʊ haʊs əv ɔn tˈwɪtər æt ər ɔn ˈfeɪsˌbʊk hir. soʊ goʊ hir tɪ kənˈtrɪbjut tɪ ðə ənd gɪt ˈjɔrsɛlf ə bʊk əv ɔl rɑb fɔrdz ˈstupɪd ʃɪt. doʊnt du kræk. (ənd ɪf ju θɪŋk wɪr ˈɔfəl ər ðɪs ɪz ˈstupɪd ər doʊnt kɛr, pliz goʊ hir ənd səˈpɔrt ðə rɛd krɔs ɪn ɪts ˈɛfərts tɪ hɛlp ðə ˈpipəl əv ˌoʊkləˈhoʊmə.) [ˈɪmɪʤ baɪ ʤɪm kʊk]
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the rob ford crackstarter—our crowdfunding campaign to raise enough money to purchase and publish a video of toronto mayor rob ford smoking crack cocaine—has passed $90,000 on its way to our goal of $200,000. and we're adding new perks! (none of them are crack.)
as you may recall, last week we took a trip to the welcoming, livable city of toronto to view a video of ford—who has a long and illustrious history of erratic behavior and inscrutably racist statements—smoking crack cocaine. we returned empty-handed, sadly, because the owner of the tape wanted more money than gawker could offer. so we've thrown open the bidding to the miracle of crowdfunding. since friday afternoon, we've raised nearly half the money. (we don't get any of it unless and until we hit the $200,000 goal.)
ford, for his part, was in hiding over the long holiday weekend in canada (happy belated victoria day!) and emerged this morning to attend a toronto city council meeting. despite the fact that his crack habit is basically the only thing canadians have been talking about for the past four days—and despite the fact that his aides leaked news this morning that he would forcefully deny ever having been taped smoking crack—he was silent on the issue. who knows what he's thinking. here's a picture of him, from twitter, hanging out with a toronto supporter last night. looking good.
chatted it up with rob ford @tomayorford last night 😃 twitter.com/kouklaaaa/stat… — koukla benzito (@kouklaaaa) may 21, 2013
but it's becoming increasingly clear that rob ford is going to try to bear down and get through this whole "rob ford smokes crack cocaine" issue, which is why we'd like to encourage everyone again to chip into the crackstarter to settle it once and for all. (as we've pledged, if for some reason we raise the money but the deal goes south, we will donate it to a canadian nonprofit that addresses substance abuse issues.)
also! the good people at house of anansi press have reached out to offer everyone who donates $5 a free electronic copy of the little book of rob ford, by "unknown torontonian." it's a handy compendium of all the bizarre, stupid, racist shit that ford has said over the years. and 100 lucky $25 contributors will receive a hard copy of the book (offer only valid in canada). you should follow house of anansi on twitter at @houseofanansi or on facebook here.
so go here to contribute to the crackstarter and get yourself a book of all rob ford's stupid shit. don't do crack.
(and if you think we're awful or this is stupid or don't care, please go here and support the red cross in its efforts to help the people of oklahoma.)
[image by jim cooke]
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ɛnˈtæŋgəld ənd ə ˈrɛskjud ræt ə nu bʊk baɪ ˈwɛzliən ˌjunəˈvərsəti fəˈlɑsəfər ˈlɔri grun kɔld ɛnˈtæŋgəld ˈɛmpəθi: ən ɔlˈtərnətɪv ˈɛθɪk fər ɑr riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪps wɪθ ˈænəməlz ɪz ə ˈwəndərfəl əˈdɪʃən tɪ ə groʊɪŋ ˈlɪtərəʧər ɪn ðə fild kɔld anthrozoology*, ðə ˈstədi əv (ðə ˈkɪndəl ɪˈdɪʃən kən bi faʊnd hir). ən ˈɪntərvˌju aɪ dɪd wɪθ prəˈfɛsər grun leɪz aʊt ðə ˈbeɪsɪk faʊnˈdeɪʃən fər hər aɪˈdiəz əˈbaʊt ɛnˈtæŋgəld ˈɛmpəθi, ə nu ənd ˈpræktɪkəl ˈɛθɪk fər ˌɪmˈpruvɪŋ ɑr riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪps wɪθ nɑnˈhjumən ˈænəməlz (ˈænəməlz) ənd ˈɔlsoʊ ˈəðər ˈjumənz. wɪn aɪ æst hər tɪ ˈænsər ə fju kˈwɛsʧənz, ɪn tru fɔrm ənd ɪn ˈlɪvɪŋ əp tɪ hər oʊn dip kəˈnɛkʃənz wɪθ ˈəðər ˈænəməlz, prəˈfɛsər grun roʊt bæk tɪ mi, "ˈoʊˈkeɪ æt ðə vɛt wɪθ wən əv maɪ ˈrɛskjud ræts, wɪl du ðɪs ɛz sun ɛz aɪ gɪt hoʊm!" ɪt tərnz aʊt ɪz duɪŋ wɛl. sɔrs: ˈkəvər ˈɪmɪʤ wɪθ pərˈmɪʃən əv ðə ˈɔθər waɪ dɪd ju raɪt jʊr nu bʊk? aɪ hæv bɪn ˈθɪŋkɪŋ əˈbaʊt ənd ˈraɪtɪŋ əˈbaʊt ənd ˈtɔkɪŋ əˈbaʊt ˈɛmpəθi fər ə waɪl. aɪ wɑz æt ə ˈkɑnfərəns æt jeɪl ə jɪr ər soʊ əˈgoʊ ənd ˈmɛni ˈpipəl keɪm əp tɪ mi ˈæftər maɪ tɔk ˈwɑnɪŋ tɪ lərn mɔr əˈbaʊt ɛnˈtæŋgəld ˈɛmpəθi. ðeɪ wər ˈæktɪvɪsts, ənd ˈpipəl hu du hænz ɔn wərk ˈkɛrɪŋ fər ˈænəməlz, ənd ˈskɑlərz frəm ə vərˈaɪəti əv ˈdɪsəplənz. soʊ aɪ ˌdɪˈsaɪdɪd tɪ raɪt ə ʃɔrt, ækˈsɛsəbəl bʊk tɪ hɛlp ˈpipəl riˈθɪŋk ɑr riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪps wɪθ ˈəðər ˈænəməlz. kən ju ˈbrifli dɪˈfaɪn wət ju min baɪ ɛnˈtæŋgəld ˈɛmpəθi? aɪ θɪŋk əv ɛnˈtæŋgəld ˈɛmpəθi ɛz ə ˈprɔˌsɛs wɛrˈbaɪ wi fərst ækˈnɑlɪʤ ðət wi ər ɔˈrɛdi ɪn riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪps wɪθ ɔl sɔrts əv ˈəðər ˈænəməlz (ˈjumənz ənd nonhumans*) ənd ðiz riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪps ər, fər ðə moʊst pɑrt, nɑt ˈvɛri gʊd wənz. wi ðɛn wərk tɪ ˈfɪgjər aʊt haʊ tɪ meɪk ðɛm ˈbɛtər ənd ðət ˈɔlˌmoʊst ˈɔlˌweɪz minz traɪɪŋ tɪ prəˈmoʊt ˌwɛlˈbiɪŋ ənd ˈflərɪʃɪŋ. ɪn ðə bʊk aɪ prəˈvaɪd ðɪs ˌdɛfəˈnɪʃən: ɛnˈtæŋgəld ˈɛmpəθi ɪz ə taɪp əv ˈkɛrɪŋ pərˈsɛpʃən ˈfoʊkɪst ɔn əˈtɛndɪŋ tɪ ɪkˈspɪriəns əv ˌwɛlˈbiɪŋ. ɪt ɪz ən ɛkˌspɛriˈɛnʃəl ˈprɔˌsɛs ˌɪnˈvɑlvɪŋ ə blɛnd əv ˈiˌmoʊʃən ənd ɪn wɪʧ wi ˈrɛkəgˌnaɪz wi ər ɪn riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪps wɪθ ˈəðərz ənd ər kɔld əˈpɑn tɪ bi rɪˈspɑnsɪv ənd riˈspɑnsəbəl ɪn ðiz riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪps baɪ əˈtɛndɪŋ tɪ nidz, ˈɪntərɪsts, dɪˈzaɪərz, ˌvəlnərəˈbɪlɪtiz, hoʊps, ənd ˌsɛnsɪˈtɪvɪtiz. haʊ dɪz ɛnˈtæŋgəld ˈɛmpəθi ˈdɪfər frəm ˈəðər aɪˈdiəz əˈbaʊt kəˈnɛktɪŋ wɪθ ˈəðər ˈænəməlz ənd ˈkɛrɪŋ fər ðɛm ənd duɪŋ ˈsəmθɪŋ əˈbaʊt ðiz dip ˈfilɪŋz? ɛnˈtæŋgəld ˈɛmpəθi ˌɪnˈvɑlvz ˈblɛndɪŋ ɑr ˈfilɪŋz ənd ɑr ˈnɑlɪʤ əv ðə ˈəðərz wɪθ hum wi ər ɪn riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪp ənd ˈfoʊkɪsɪŋ ɔn ðɛr ˌsɪʧuˈeɪʃənz tɪ traɪ tɪ ˈfɪgjər aʊt haʊ wi kən ˌɪmˈpruv ɑr riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪps ɪn weɪz ðət ðeɪ wʊd ˈɔlsoʊ si ɛz ˌɪmˈpruvmənts. ɛnˈtæŋgəld ˈɛmpəθi ɪz ə ˌpɑˈtɪkjələr taɪp əv riˈleɪʃənəl aɪ si ɛnˈtæŋgəld ˈɛmpəθi ɛz biɪŋ məʧ rɪˈleɪtɪd tɪ maɪ oʊn aɪˈdiəz əˈbaʊt ɑr hɑrts ənd ðə groʊɪŋ fild kɔld kəmˈpæʃənət ˌkɑnsərˈveɪʃən. du ju əˈgri? aɪ du əˈgri. jʊr aɪˈdiəz əˈbaʊt ɑr hɑrts, ə ˈpərsɪnəl ˌtrænsfərˈmeɪʃən ˈprɔˌsɛs tɪ gɪt ˈəðərz tɪ rikəˈnɛkt ənd bɪˈkəm wɪθ ˈneɪʧər, hæv bɪn ˈvɛri ˌɪnstrəˈmɛnəl ɪn maɪ ˈθɪŋkɪŋ əˈbaʊt nu weɪz tɪ ˌəndərˈstænd ɑr riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪps wɪθ ˈəðər ˈænəməlz, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ˈjumənz. ənd, kəmˈpæʃənət ˌkɑnsərˈveɪʃən, wɪθ ɪts ˈfoʊkɪs ɔn ðə ˌwɛlˈbiɪŋ əv ˌɪndəˈvɪʤəwəlz, ɪz əˈnəðər ˈpræktɪs əv ɛnˈtæŋgəld ˈɛmpəθi ðət aɪ wɔnt tɪ raɪt mɔr əˈbaʊt. ɪz ðɛr ˈɛniˌθɪŋ ɛls jʊd laɪk ˈridərz tɪ gɪt aʊt əv jʊr ˈɛksələnt bʊk? wən θɪŋ aɪ θɪŋk ɪz ˈkruʃəl ɪn ɑr ˈprɔˌsɛs əv ˈθɪŋkɪŋ ˈdɪfərˈɛntli əˈbaʊt ɑr riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪps ɪz tɪ ˈrɛkəgˌnaɪz ðət ˈmeɪkɪŋ ðoʊz riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪps ˈbɛtər rikˈwaɪərz ˈpræktɪs. ðɛr ˈɪzənt ə "wən saɪz fɪts ɔl" səˈluʃən. wi nid tɪ kənˈtɪnjuəli lərn mɔr əˈbaʊt ɑrˈsɛlvz ənd ˈəðərz tɪ ˌɪmˈpruv ðə lɪvz əv ˈɛvriˌwən. wi wɪl meɪk mɪˈsteɪks, soʊ wi ʃʊd ˈɔlˌweɪz ɪnˈgeɪʤ wɪθ ə fɛr doʊs əv hjuˈmɪlɪti, bət ˈɔlsoʊ bi ˈhoʊpfəl ðət wi kən fɪks ɑr mɪˈsteɪks ənd hoʊn ɑr ˌɛmpəˈθɛtɪk skɪlz. ˈɛmpəθi bɪˈgɛts ˈɛmpəθi aɪ ˈhaɪli ˌrɛkəˈmɛnd prəˈfɛsər nu bʊk bɪˈkəz ɪt wɪl gɪt ˈpipəl tɪ θɪŋk ˈdipli əˈbaʊt ðə ˈneɪʧər əv ɑr riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪps wɪθ ˈəðər ˈænəməlz ənd bɪˈkəz ɪt ˈɔlsoʊ ˈfæktərz ˈjumənz ˈɪntu ðə ɪkˈweɪʒən. ðɛr ɪz noʊ weɪ ɪn ɑr ˈkɑmplɛks, ˈʧælənʤɪŋ, ənd ˈtruli mægˈnɪfɪsənt wərld, ðət ˈjumənz kən bi lɛft aʊt əv səˈluʃənz fər ˌɪmˈpruvɪŋ ðə lɪvz əv ˈəðər ˈænəməlz, ˌɔlˈðoʊ wi ər soʊ ˈɔfən ðə kɔz fər ˈkɑnflɪkt wɪθ ðɛm ənd fər ðɛr ˈɪntərɪsts ɪn ˈfeɪvər əv ɑrz. aɪv ˈɑrgjud ˈmɛni taɪmz ðət ˈɛmpəθi bɪˈgɛts ˈɛmpəθi, soʊ maɪ hoʊp ɪz ðət wɪn wi kəm tɪ ˈriəˌlaɪz, ɛz prəˈfɛsər grun ˈstrɛsɪz, ðət wi ər ɔˈrɛdi ˈdipli ənd ɛnˈtæŋgəld ɪn ðə lɪvz əv ˈmɛni ˈəðər biɪŋz wɪˈθaʊt ˈivɪn noʊɪŋ ər ˈfilɪŋ ðiz kloʊz ənd rɪˈsɪprəkəl kəˈnɛkʃənz, wɪl ækt ɔn ðiz ˈfilɪŋz fər ðə ˈbɛtərmənt əv ɔl. ɔn ə ˈpərsɪnəl noʊt, aɪv noʊn ˈdɑktər. grun fər ə lɔŋ taɪm, ənd frəm ðə ˈvɛri fərst taɪm wi mɛt aɪ kʊd fil hər dip kənˈsərn fər ðə ˌwɛlˈbiɪŋ əv ɔl ˈəðər biɪŋz. soʊ, hər nu bʊk keɪm ɛz noʊ səˈpraɪz tɪ mi. ˈniðər dɪd hər ˈtɛlɪŋ mi ðət ʃid gɪt tɪ maɪ kˈwɛsʧənz ˈæftər ˈteɪkɪŋ hər ˈrɛskjud ræt tɪ ðə vɛt. hər noʊt meɪd mi smaɪl. əv kɔrs, ðə ræt keɪm fərst. ɛnˈtæŋgəld ˈɛmpəθi ɪz ə moʊst ˈvæljəbəl gaɪd fər duɪŋ ˈsəmθɪŋ tɪ meɪk ðə wərld ə ˈbɛtər pleɪs fər ɔl biɪŋz beɪst ɔn ɑr ʃɛrd ˈfilɪŋz. ɪts ˈkɑmpækt saɪz əˈlaʊz ɪt tɪ fɪt ˈizəli ɪn ˈbækˌpæks, ˈpərsɪz, ənd ˈpɑkəts, ənd aɪv bɪn ˈkɛriɪŋ ɪt əraʊnd wɪθ mi soʊ ðət aɪ kən flɪp θru ɪt wɛˈnɛvər aɪ pliz. ənd, wɪn aɪ du soʊ, aɪ ˈɔlˌweɪz gɪt ə nu aɪˈdiə əˈbaʊt wət kən ənd nidz tɪ bi dən tɪ hɛlp ˈəðərz ɪn nid. wi ɔl wɪl ˈbɛnəfɪt frəm əˈlaʊɪŋ ɑrˈsɛlvz tɪ fil ənd tɪ ækt ɔn ɑr ɪnˈtæŋgəlmənt wɪθ ˈəðər biɪŋz. ɪts ˈrɪli nɑt ɔl ðət ˈdɪfəkəlt tɪ hɛlp ˈəðərz hu nid tɪ bi kɛrd fər ənd ləvd. ənd, ˈdɑktər. moʊst ˈwɛlkəmd bʊk, ʃoʊz haʊ ˈizi ɪt ˈrɪli ɪz tɪ hɛlp ðɛm əˈlɔŋ. ðə əˈbəv ˈkəvər ˈɪmɪʤ ɪz baɪ ˈnoʊtɪd fəˈtɑgrəfər, ˈænəməlz. mɑrk ˈleɪtəst bʊks ər ˈʤæspərz ˈstɔri: ˈseɪvɪŋ mun bɛrz (wɪθ ʤɪl ˈrɑbənsən), ˌɪgˈnɔrɪŋ ˈneɪʧər noʊ mɔr: ðə keɪs fər kəmˈpæʃənət ˌkɑnsərˈveɪʃən, waɪ dɔgz həmp ənd biz gɪt dɪˈprɛst, ənd ɑr hɑrts: ˈbɪldɪŋ ˈpæθˌweɪz əv kəmˈpæʃən ənd ˌkoʊɪgˈzɪstəns. ðə ʤeɪn ˈifɛkt: ˈsɛləˌbreɪtɪŋ ʤeɪn ˈgʊˌdɔl (ˈɛdɪtɪd wɪθ deɪl ˈpitərsən) həz ˈrisəntli bɪn ˈpəblɪʃt. (marcbekoff.com*; @marcbekoff*)
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entangled and a rescued rat
a new book by wesleyan university philosopher lori gruen called entangled empathy: an alternative ethic for our relationships with animals is a wonderful addition to a growing literature in the transdisciplinary field called anthrozoology, the study of human-animal (the kindle edition can be found here).
an interview i did with professor gruen lays out the basic foundation for her ideas about entangled empathy, a new and practical ethic for improving our relationships with nonhuman animals (animals) and also other humans. when i asked her to answer a few questions, in true form and in living up to her own deep connections with other animals, professor gruen wrote back to me, "ok at the vet with one of my rescued rats, will do this as soon as i get home!" it turns out tailer is doing well.
source: cover image with permission of the author
why did you write your new book?
i have been thinking about and writing about and talking about empathy for a while. i was at a conference at yale a year or so ago and many people came up to me after my talk wanting to learn more about entangled empathy. they were activists, and people who do hands on work caring for animals, and scholars from a variety of disciplines. so i decided to write a short, accessible book to help people rethink our relationships with other animals.
can you briefly define what you mean by entangled empathy?
i think of entangled empathy as a process whereby we first acknowledge that we are already in relationships with all sorts of other animals (humans and nonhumans) and these relationships are, for the most part, not very good ones. we then work to figure out how to make them better and that almost always means trying to promote well-being and flourishing. in the book i provide this definition: entangled empathy is a type of caring perception focused on attending to another’s experience of well-being. it is an experiential process involving a blend of emotion and in which we recognize we are in relationships with others and are called upon to be responsive and responsible in these relationships by attending to another’s needs, interests, desires, vulnerabilities, hopes, and sensitivities.
how does entangled empathy differ from other ideas about connecting with other animals and caring for them and doing something about these deep feelings?
entangled empathy involves blending our feelings and our knowledge of the others with whom we are in relationship and focusing on their situations to try to figure out how we can improve our relationships in ways that they would also see as improvements. entangled empathy is a particular type of relational .
i see entangled empathy as being much related to my own ideas about rewilding our hearts and the growing field called compassionate conservation. do you agree?
i do agree. your ideas about rewilding our hearts, a personal transformation process to get others to reconnect and become re-enchanted with nature, have been very instrumental in my thinking about new ways to understand our relationships with other animals, including humans. and, compassionate conservation, with its focus on the well-being of individuals, is another practice of entangled empathy that i want to write more about.
is there anything else you'd like readers to get out of your excellent book?
one thing i think is crucial in our process of thinking differently about our relationships is to recognize that making those relationships better requires practice. there isn't a "one size fits all" solution. we need to continually learn more about ourselves and others to improve the lives of everyone. we will make mistakes, so we should always engage with a fair dose of humility, but also be hopeful that we can fix our mistakes and hone our empathetic skills.
empathy begets empathy
i highly recommend professor gruen's new book because it will get people to think deeply about the nature of our relationships with other animals and because it also factors humans into the equation. there is no way in our complex, challenging, and truly magnificent world, that humans can be left out of solutions for improving the lives of other animals, although we are so often the cause for conflict with them and for trumping their interests in favor of ours.
i've argued many times that empathy begets empathy, so my hope is that when we come to realize, as professor gruen stresses, that we are already deeply and empathically entangled in the lives of many other beings without even knowing or feeling these close and reciprocal connections, we'll act on these feelings for the betterment of all. on a personal note, i've known dr. gruen for a long time, and from the very first time we met i could feel her deep concern for the well-being of all other beings. so, her new book came as no surprise to me. neither did her telling me that she'd get to my questions after taking her rescued rat to the vet. her note made me smile. of course, the rat came first.
entangled empathy is a most valuable guide for doing something to make the world a better place for all beings based on our shared feelings. its compact size allows it to fit easily in backpacks, purses, and pockets, and i've been carrying it around with me so that i can flip through it whenever i please. and, when i do so, i always get a new idea about what can and needs to be done to help others in need.
we all will benefit from allowing ourselves to feel and to act on our entanglement with other beings. it's really not all that difficult to help others who need to be cared for and loved. and, dr. gruen's most welcomed book, shows how easy it really is to help them along.
the above cover image is by noted photographer, jo-anne mcarthur/we animals.
marc bekoff's latest books are jasper's story: saving moon bears (with jill robinson), ignoring nature no more: the case for compassionate conservation, why dogs hump and bees get depressed, and rewilding our hearts: building pathways of compassion and coexistence. the jane effect: celebrating jane goodall (edited with dale peterson) has recently been published. (marcbekoff.com; @marcbekoff)
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wɪn ɪt keɪm taɪm fər ˈæʃˌvɪl ˈriʤənəl ˈɛrˌpɔrt (avl*) tɪ ˌrikənˈstrəkt ɪts ˈoʊnli ˈrənˌweɪ, ðə ˈmænɪʤmənt tim gɑt kriˈeɪtɪv. ˌɪnˈstɛd əv rɪˈzaɪnɪŋ tɪ ən ɪkˈstɛndɪd ˈʃətˌdaʊn ðət wʊd hæv ˈifɛktɪvli pʊt ðə nɔrθ ˌkɛrəˈlaɪnə ˈɛrˌpɔrt aʊt əv ˈbɪznɪs fər ən ɪkˈstɛnsɪv ˈpɪriəd, ðeɪ ˌdɪˈsaɪdɪd tɪ bɪld ə nu ˈtæksiweɪ ənd juz ɪt ɛz ə ˈtɛmpərˌɛri ˈrənˌweɪ waɪl ðə ɪgˈzɪstɪŋ ˈrənˌweɪ ɪz dɪˈmɑlɪʃt ənd ˌrikənˈstrəktɪd. bət ðæts ˈoʊnli ðə bɪˈgɪnɪŋ əv ðɛr ˈstɔri. "wɪr ˈloʊˌkeɪtəd ɪn ə ˈmaʊntənəs ˈɛriə," ɪkˈspleɪnz maɪk ˈraɪsmən, ˈdɛpjəti dɪˈrɛktər əv dɪˈvɛləpmənt ənd ˌɑpərˈeɪʃənz. ənd ɛz səʧ, moʊst əv ðə ˈɛrˌpɔrts lænd ˈaʊtˈsaɪd əv ðə ˈrənˌweɪ ənd ˈtæksiweɪ ˈseɪfti ˈɛriəz ɪz ˈgreɪtli ˈvɛrid ɪn təˈpɑgrəfi. tɪ bɪld, wi ˈnidɪd tɪ riˈkleɪm lænd ðət ɪn səm ˈɛriəz wɑz 40 tɪ 60 fit bɪˈloʊ ðə ˈɛrˌfild ˌɛləˈveɪʃən." ˈɛnər ˈprɑˌgrɛs ˈɛnərʤi (wɪʧ həz sɪns mərʤd ˈɪntu duk ˈɛnərʤi) ənd, ə kənˈstrəkʃən ˈkəmpəˌni ðət ˈspɛʃəˌlaɪzɪz ɪn koʊl æʃ ˈmænɪʤmənt. wɪθ ðə tu fərmz ənd ˌɪˈnɪʃiˌeɪtɪd wərk ɪn 2009 ɔn ə ˈmæsɪv ˌrɛkləˈmeɪʃən ˈprɑʤɛkt ðət spænz mɔr ðən 50 ˈeɪkərz ənd ˈjuzɪz koʊl æʃ fɪl tɪ bɪld ˈpriviəsli ənˈjuzəbəl lænd əp tɪ ˈɛrˌfild ˈlɛvəl greɪd. waɪl ə lɑrʤ ˈpɔrʃən əv ðə riˈkleɪmd lænd ɪz ˈdɛzɪgˌneɪtɪd fər ˈbɪznɪs dɪˈvɛləpmənt, nu ˈrənˌweɪ ɪz biɪŋ bɪlt ɔn ə ˈpɔrʃən əv ðə moʊst ˈrisənt ˌrɛkləˈmeɪʃən saɪt. fækts ˈfɪgjərz ˈprɑʤɛkt: lænd ˌrɛkləˈmeɪʃən loʊˈkeɪʃən: ˈæʃˌvɪl (nc*) ˈriʤənəl ˈɛrˌpɔrt ˈeɪkərz riˈkleɪmd: 50 fɪl məˈtɪriəl juzd: koʊl æʃ frəm ˈnɪrˈbaɪ ˈɛnərʤi plænt ˈʤɛnərəl ˈkɑnˌtræktər: koʊl æʃ səˈplaɪər: duk ˈɛnərʤi kənˈstrəkʃən ˈmænɪʤmənt: ˈlaɪnər ˈsɪstəm: ˈʧɛsəˌpik kənˈteɪnmənt ˈsɪstəmz kənˈstrəkʃən ˈtaɪmlaɪn: noʊv. 2009 fɔl 2015 ˈɑnərz: 2011 ˈʤɛnərəl ˌeɪviˈeɪʃən ˈprɑʤɛkt əv ðə jɪr, əˈwɔrdɪd baɪ ðə ˌsaʊˈθist ˈʧæptər əv ðə əˈmɛrɪkən əˌsoʊʃiˈeɪʃən əv ˈɛrˌpɔrt ɪgˈzɛkjətɪvz əv noʊt: ˈjuzɪŋ ə ˈloʊkəl ˈbaɪprɑdəkt ˈrəðər ðən trəˈdɪʃən fɪl seɪvd ðə ˈɛrˌpɔrt əˈbaʊt 12 ˈmɪljən lu, ðə ˈɛrˌpɔrts ɪgˈzɛkjətɪv dɪˈrɛktər, dɪˈskraɪbz ðə fɔrˈtuɪtəs ənd mˈjuʧuəli ˌbɛnəˈfɪʃəl ərˈeɪnʤmənt: "ðə ˈɛnərʤi ˈkəmpəˌni ˈnidɪd ə seɪf ˈstɔrɪʤ səˈluʃən fər ðɛr koʊl kəmˈbəsʧən ˈbaɪprɑdəkt, noʊn ɛz koʊl æʃ; ənd ðə ˈɛrˌpɔrt ˈnidɪd fɪl məˈtɪriəl ˈsutəbəl fər ðə ˈɛrˌfild ˈprɑʤɛkt. ɪt wɑz ə ˌwɪnˈwɪn ˌsɪʧuˈeɪʃən." ˈivɪn ðə ʤiˈɑgrəfi wɑz raɪt. "ðeɪ wər ˈeɪbəl tɪ ˈseɪfli pleɪs koʊl æʃ ɪn ən ˈɛriə ˈoʊnli ə ˈkəpəl əv maɪəlz frəm ðɛr koʊl æʃ ˈstɔrɪʤ pɑndz," kənˈtɪnjuz. ɪn ðə ɛnd, ˈjuzɪŋ duk ˈɛnərʤiz ˈbaɪprɑdəkt seɪvd əˈprɑksəmətli 12 ˈmɪljən ɪn lænd ˌrɛkləˈmeɪʃən kɔsts ˈoʊvər trəˈdɪʃənəl ˈmɛθədz, ənd əˈbaʊt 4 ˈmɪljən ˈkjubɪk jɑrdz əv koʊl æʃ faʊnd ə nu hoʊm, hi rɪˈleɪts. riˈkleɪmɪŋ lænd ˌɪˈnɪʃiˌeɪtɪd wərk ɔn ðə ˈwɛstˈsaɪd ˈprɑʤɛkt baɪ kəmˈplitɪŋ ən ɪnˌvaɪrənˈmɛnəl əˈsɛsmənt ənd du ˈdɪlɪʤəns ˈɔdɪt. wər ˈteɪkən tɪ dɪˈtərmən ðə ˌʤiəˈlɑʤɪk ənd kənˈdɪʃənz. ənd ɪˈroʊʒən, ˈsɛdəmənt ənd pəˈluʃən priˈvɛnʃən kənˈtroʊlz wər ˈɪmpləˌmɛnəd əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ˈloʊkəl, steɪt ənd ˈfɛdərəl ˌrɛgjəˈleɪʃənz rɪˈgɑrdɪŋ koʊl æʃ ɛz fɪl. ˌɔlˈðoʊ steɪt ˌrɛgjəˈleɪʃənz dɪd nɑt ˌrikˈwaɪər ə ˈlaɪnər ˈsɪstəm fər ðə ˈprɑʤɛkt,, ənd duk ˈɛnərʤi dɪˈtərmənd ðət ˌɪnˈstɔlɪŋ ə ˌsteɪtəvðɪˈɑrt ˈlaɪnər ˈsɪstəm wɪθ ən ˈɛstəˌmeɪtɪd laɪf ɪkˈspɛktənsi wɑz ə mɔr ɪnˌvaɪrənˈmɛnəli riˈspɑnsəbəl əˈproʊʧ, ˈraɪsmən ɪkˈspleɪnz. kənˈstrəkʃən bɪˈgæn baɪ ˈklɪrɪŋ, ənd ˈɛkskəˌveɪtɪŋ ɪgˈzɪstɪŋ sɔɪlz tɪ ɪˈstæblɪʃ ə ˈsutəbəl ˈsərfəs. ə kleɪ ˈbɑtəm ˈlaɪnər, ˌpɑˌliˈɛθəˌlin ˈbɑtəm ˈlaɪnər ənd ˈdreɪnɪʤ ˈlaɪnər wər ðɛn leɪd ˈoʊvər ðə ˈsərfəs. əˈbəv ðə ˈlaɪnərz, ˌɪnˈstɔld ˈpərfərˌeɪtɪd ˈdreɪnɪʤ kəˈlɛkʃən ˈpaɪpɪŋ ənd wɑʃ stoʊn ræpt wɪθ ˈnɑnˈwoʊvɪn tɪ ˈkæpʧər ənd dɪˈspərs rɪˈzɪʤuəl ˈdreɪnɪʤ frəm ðə koʊl æʃ. "ðə koʊl æʃ ɪz ɛnˈkæpsəˌleɪtɪd wɪˈθɪn ə ˈfʊli sild ˈvɛsəl," ˈraɪsmən ɪˈlæbərˌeɪts. "ˈæftər ðeɪ klɪr ðə graʊnd ˈɛriə, ðeɪ pleɪs ðə kleɪ ˈlaɪnər dɪˈrɛkli ɔn ðə graʊnd. ðɪs ˈlaɪnər kənˈsɪsts əv tu leɪərz əv ˈnɑnˈwoʊvɪn kənˈteɪnɪŋ ˈbɛntəˌnaɪt tɪ sərv ɛz ə ˈbɛriər bɪtˈwin ðə graʊnd ənd koʊl æʃ. ə θɪk, sɪnˈθɛtɪk ˈlaɪnər ɪz ðɛn leɪd aʊt ɪn lɑrʤ roʊlz, ənd simz ər ˈoʊvərˌlæpt ənd hit ˈwɛldɪd. nɛkst, ə ˈdreɪnɪʤ ˈlaɪnər ɪz sɛt ɪn pleɪs tɪ ˈkæpʧər ˈmɔɪsʧər rɪˈteɪnd ɪn ðə koʊl æʃ ənd dɪˈspərs ɪt tɪ ˈiðər ən ˈəndərˌgraʊnd ˈhoʊldɪŋ ˈʧeɪmbər ər ðə ˈsænɪˌtɛri suər ˈsɪstəm." ˈɛkskəˌveɪtɪd ənd ˈstɑkˌpaɪld koʊl æʃ frəm duk ˈɛnərʤiz koʊl æʃ pɑndz. ˈæftər ðə æʃ wɑz draɪ ɪˈnəf, ɪt wɑz ˈloʊdɪd ˈɔntu dəmp trəks ənd hɔld tɪ ðə fɪl saɪt. "ə 15 tɪ 25 ˈmɔɪsʧər ˈlɛvəl ɪz ˈɑptɪməm fər ənd dəst kənˈtroʊl," ˌɪnˈfɔrmz skɑt suɪl, ʧif ˌɑpərˈeɪʃənz ˈɔfɪsər. ˈkɑntrɛri tɪ wət səm maɪt əˈsum, suɪl sɪz ðət koʊl æʃ pæks laɪk ˈkɑnkrit. "ɪts səm əv ðə bɛst məˈtɪriəl wiv ˈɛvər wərkt wɪθ ɛz fɑr ɛz ˌjunəˈfɔrməti əv saɪz ənd," hi rɪˈpɔrts. kruz leɪd ðə koʊl æʃ ɪn əˈprɑksəmətli lɪfts, ðɛn sprɛd ənd kəmˈpæktɪd ɪt wɪθ ə ˈvaɪbreɪtɪŋ smuð drəm ˈroʊlər tɪ əˈʧiv ðə rɪkˈwaɪrmənt əv 95 ˈprɑktər. boʊθ ˈnukliər ənd ˈstændərd ˈdɛnsɪti ˈtɛstɪŋ ˈmɛθədz wər juzd tɪ kənˈfərm ðə, noʊts suɪl. wɪn ˌɛləˈveɪʃən riʧt wɪˈθɪn 6 fit əv ˈfaɪnəl greɪd ˌɛləˈveɪʃən, ˈwərkərz leɪd ə ˌpɑˌliˈɛθəˌlin kæp ˈlaɪnər ˈoʊvər ðə tɔp əv ðə koʊl æʃ ənd hit ˈwɛldɪd əraʊnd ðə pərˈɪmətər tɪ ðə ˈbɑtəm ˈlaɪnər, kriˈeɪtɪŋ ə ˈfʊli sild ˈvɛsəl, hi ɪkˈspleɪnz. tɪ brɪŋ ðə fɪl tɪ ˈfaɪnəl greɪd, 6 fit əv sɔɪl tɑpt wɪθ ˌvɛʤəˈteɪtɪv ˈkəvər wɑz pleɪst ənd kəmˈpæktɪd pər rɪkˈwaɪrmənts. ˌbiˈfɔr ðə ˈkɑrənt fɪl ˈprɑʤɛkt bɪˈgæn, kəmˈplitɪd ə sˈmɔlər fɪl ˈprɑʤɛkt ɔn ðə nɔrθ ˈʤɛnərəl ˌeɪviˈeɪʃən saɪd əv ðə ˈɛrˌpɔrt ðət ˈɔlsoʊ juzd koʊl æʃ ɛz fɪl. ðə ˈərliər ˈprɑʤɛkt ˈædɪd əˈprɑksəmətli 15 ˈeɪkərz əv lænd ˈsutəbəl fər ˌɛrəˈnɑtəkəl juz ənd rikˈwaɪərd ˌmɪtɪˈgeɪʃən ˈɛfərts du tɪ ɪnˌvaɪrənˈmɛnəli ˈsɛnsɪtɪv ˈɛriəz, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ə strim ənd ˈwɛˌtlændz. ðə ˈɛrˌpɔrt səˈlɛktɪd tɪ prəˈvaɪd kənˈstrəkʃən ˈmænɪʤmənt ˈsərvɪsɪz fər ðə ˈkɑrənt ˈprɑʤɛkt. "əˈprɑksəmətli ˈlɪniər fit əv ˌriɪnˈfɔrst ˈkɑnkrit paɪp wɑz ˌɪnˈstɔld əˈbaʊt 40 fit bɪˈloʊ ðə ˈfɪnɪʃt greɪd," ɪkˈspleɪnz maɪk dɑrkɑŋˈgɛloʊ, ˈriʤənəl ˈmænɪʤər. "ðə paɪp ˈkɛriz stormwater*, ənd ɪz ɪn pleɪs tɪ ˈmænɪʤ ðə rikˈwaɪərd rɪˈmuvəl ənd ˌmɪtɪˈgeɪʃən əv ə smɔl strim. "ˈɔlsoʊ, pər ˌrɛgjəˈleɪʃənz, kənˈstrəktɪd ə ˈbəfər ɔn iʧ saɪd əv ðə paɪp tɪ kip ðə ˈfɔrmər ˈɛriə fri frəm ðə koʊl æʃ fɪl. ˈoʊnli ən ərθ fɪl ənd sɔɪl kæp kʊd bi pleɪst əˈbəv ənd əraʊnd ðə paɪp." ˈlʊkɪŋ ˈfɔrwərd wɪθ ðə ˈkɑrənt fɪl ˈprɑʤɛkt prɑˈʤɛktəd tɪ bi kəmˈplit baɪ sɛpˈtɛmbər, broʊk graʊnd læst ˈɔgəst ɔn ɪts 64 ˈmɪljən ˈtæksiweɪ ənd ˈrənˌweɪ ˈprɑʤɛkt. əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ, ðə nu ˈrənˌweɪ ɪz ɪkˈspɛktɪd tɪ teɪk tu jɪrz tɪ kəmˈplit, ənd ðə nu ˈrənˌweɪ ən əˈdɪʃənəl tu jɪrz. "ɪts ɔl pɑrt əv ðə ˈɛrˌpɔrts ˈmæstər plæn," hi rɪˈmɑrks. "wəns ðə ˈtɛmpərˌɛri ˈrənˌweɪ ɪz kəˈmɪʃənd ɛz ɑr meɪn ˈrənˌweɪ, wi wɪl bɪˈgɪn wərk ɔn ðə nu ˈpərmɑˌnɛnt ˈrənˌweɪ." nən əv ðə ˌɪmˈpruvmənts wʊd hæv bɪn ˈpɑsəbəl wɪˈθaʊt ðə ˌrɛkləˈmeɪʃən əv ˈnɪrˈbaɪ lænd, hi ædz. "ɪts bɪn ə greɪt ˈpɑrtnərˌʃɪp," rɪˈflɛkts. "ðə ˈɛnərʤi ˈkəmpəˌni hæd ə ˈbaɪprɑdəkt ðeɪ ˈnidɪd tɪ ˈseɪfli stɔr, ənd wi hæd ən ˈɛriə ðət ˈnidɪd tɪ bi fɪld. pləs, ɪn ˈifɛkt, ðɪs həz bɪn ə grin ˈprɑʤɛkt nɑt ʤɪst bɪˈkəz wi ər riˈsaɪkəlɪŋ koʊl æʃ məˈtɪriəlz, bət bɪˈkəz ðə koʊl æʃ wɑz ˌriˈloʊkeɪtɪd soʊ kloʊz tɪ ðə ˈɛrˌpɔrt. ðət ˈtrænsˌleɪts ˈɪntu lɛs fjuəl ənd ɪgˈzɔst pəˈluʃən θruaʊt ðə ˈdʊˈreɪʃən əv ðə ˈprɑʤɛkt." ˈgɛri ˈwɪsnənt, plænt ˈmænɪʤər æt duk ˈɛnərʤiz ˈæʃˌvɪl fəˈsɪlɪti, filz ˈsɪmələrli əˈbaʊt ðə ˈprɑʤɛkt. "ɑr ˈpɑrtnərˌʃɪp wɪθ ðə ˈɛrˌpɔrt həz əˈlaʊd ˈjuˈɛs tɪ riˈjuz æʃ ɪn ə ˌbɛnəˈfɪʃəl weɪ ənd hɛlp ədˈvæns ðə ˈɛrˌpɔrts ˌkɑmpriˈhɛnsɪv groʊθ plænz," sɪz ˈwɪsnənt. "ðɪs ˈprɑʤɛkt ɪz ə ˈpərˌfɪkt ɪgˈzæmpəl əv haʊ ˈɪnəˌveɪtɪv səˈluʃənz kən draɪv ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk dɪˈvɛləpmənt ɪn ˈloʊkəl kəmˈjunɪtiz. wi ər ɪkˈsaɪtɪd tɪ bi pɑrt əv ɪt ənd hoʊp tɪ faɪnd ˈsɪmələr ˌɑpərˈtunətiz ɪn ˈəðər kəmˈjunɪtiz ɛz wɛl."
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when it came time for asheville regional airport (avl) to reconstruct its only runway, the management team got creative. instead of resigning to an extended shutdown that would have effectively put the north carolina airport out of business for an extensive period, they decided to build a new taxiway and use it as a temporary runway while the existing runway is demolished and reconstructed.
but that's only the beginning of their story.
"we're located in a mountainous area," explains mike reisman, avl's deputy director of development and operations. and as such, most of the airport's land outside of the runway and taxiway safety areas is greatly varied in topography. to build, we needed to reclaim land that in some areas was 40 to 60 feet below the airfield elevation."
enter progress energy (which has since merged into duke energy) and charah, a construction company that specializes in coal ash management. avl partnered with the two firms and initiated work in 2009 on a massive reclamation project that spans more than 50 acres and uses coal ash fill to build previously unusable land up to airfield level grade.
while a large portion of the reclaimed land is designated for business development, avl's new taxiway/temporary runway is being built on a portion of the most recent 30-acre reclamation site.
facts figures
project: land reclamation
location: asheville (nc) regional airport
acres reclaimed: 50
fill material used: coal ash from nearby energy plant
general contractor: charah
coal ash supplier: duke energy
construction management: avcon
liner system: chesapeake containment systems
construction timeline: nov. 2009 - fall 2015
honors: 2011 general aviation project of the year, awarded by the southeast chapter of the american association of airport executives
of note: using a local byproduct rather than tradition fill saved the airport about $12 million
lew bleiweis, the airport's executive director, describes the fortuitous and mutually beneficial arrangement: "the energy company needed a safe storage solution for their coal combustion byproduct, known as coal ash; and the airport needed fill material suitable for the airfield project. it was a win-win situation."
even the geography was right. "they were able to safely place coal ash in an area only a couple of miles from their coal ash storage ponds," bleiweis continues.
in the end, using duke energy's byproduct saved avl approximately $12 million in land reclamation costs over traditional methods, and about 4 million cubic yards of coal ash found a new home, he relates.
reclaiming land
charah initiated work on the 53-acre westside project by completing an environmental assessment and due diligence audit. borings were taken to determine the geologic and hydrogeologic conditions. and erosion, sediment and pollution prevention controls were implemented according to local, state and federal regulations regarding coal ash as fill.
although state regulations did not require a liner system for the project, avl, charah and duke energy determined that installing a state-of-the-art liner system with an estimated 400-year life expectancy was a more environmentally responsible approach, reisman explains.
construction began by clearing, grubbing and excavating existing soils to establish a suitable subgrade surface. a geocomposite clay bottom liner, 60-mil high-density polyethylene bottom liner and geocomposite drainage liner were then laid over the subgrade surface. above the liners, charah installed perforated drainage collection piping and wash stone wrapped with nonwoven geotextile to capture and disperse residual drainage from the coal ash.
"the coal ash is encapsulated within a fully sealed vessel," reisman elaborates. "after they clear the ground area, they place the geocomposite clay liner directly on the ground. this liner consists of two layers of nonwoven geotextiles containing bentonite to serve as a barrier between the ground and coal ash. a thick, semi-rigid 60-mil synthetic liner is then laid out in large rolls, and seams are overlapped and heat welded. next, a drainage liner is set in place to capture moisture retained in the coal ash and disperse it to either an underground holding chamber or the sanitary sewer system."
charah excavated and stockpiled coal ash from duke energy's coal ash ponds. after the ash was dry enough, it was loaded onto dump trucks and hauled to the fill site. "a 15% to 25% moisture level is optimum for compaction and dust control," informs scott sewell, charah's chief operations officer.
contrary to what some might assume, sewell says that coal ash packs like concrete. "it's some of the best material we've ever worked with as far as uniformity of size and compaction," he reports.
crews laid the coal ash in approximately 12-inch lifts, then spread and compacted it with a vibrating smooth drum roller to achieve the faa compaction requirement of 95% proctor. both nuclear and standard density testing methods were used to confirm the compaction, notes sewell. when elevation reached within 6 feet of final grade elevation, workers laid a 30-mil high-density polyethylene cap liner over the top of the coal ash and heat welded around the perimeter to the bottom 60-mil liner, creating a fully sealed vessel, he explains. to bring the fill to final grade, 6 feet of soil topped with vegetative cover was placed and compacted per faa requirements.
before the current fill project began, avl completed a smaller fill project on the north general aviation side of the airport that also used coal ash as fill. the earlier project added approximately 15 acres of land suitable for aeronautical use and required mitigation efforts due to environmentally sensitive areas, including a stream and wetlands.
the airport selected avcon to provide construction management services for the current project. "approximately 1,100 linear feet of 60-inch reinforced concrete pipe was installed about 40 feet below the finished grade," explains mike darcangelo, avcon's regional manager. "the pipe carries stormwater, and is in place to manage the required removal and mitigation of a small stream.
"also, per regulations, charah constructed a 50-foot buffer on each side of the pipe to keep the former streambed area free from the coal ash fill. only an earth fill and 6-foot soil cap could be placed above and around the pipe."
looking forward
with the current fill project projected to be complete by september, avl broke ground last august on its $64 million taxiway and runway project. according to bleiweis, the new taxiway/temporary runway is expected to take two years to complete, and the new runway an additional two years.
"it's all part of the airport's 20-year master plan," he remarks. "once the temporary runway is commissioned as our main runway, we will begin work on the new permanent runway."
none of the improvements would have been possible without the reclamation of nearby land, he adds.
"it's been a great partnership," bleiweis reflects. "the energy company had a byproduct they needed to safely store, and we had an area that needed to be filled. plus, in effect, this has been a green project - not just because we are recycling coal ash materials, but because the coal ash was relocated so close to the airport. that translates into less fuel and exhaust pollution throughout the duration of the project."
garry whisnant, plant manager at duke energy's asheville facility, feels similarly about the project. "our partnership with the airport has allowed us to reuse ash in a beneficial way and help advance the airport's comprehensive growth plans," says whisnant. "this project is a perfect example of how innovative solutions can drive economic development in local communities. we are excited to be part of it and hope to find similar opportunities in other communities as well."
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ɪn ɑr ˈkəntri, ˈivɪn ðə neɪm əv pəˈlis dɪˈpɑrtmənt ɪz kənˈsɪdərd səˈnɑnəməs wɪθ kərˈəpʃən ənd ˈɛvriˌwən frəm ˈmidiə tɪ ə ˈkɑmən mæn ðɛm fər ðɛr ənd ˈræmpənt kərˈəpʃən. wi ɔl noʊ ðət nɑt ɔl kɑps ər bæd ər kərəpt bət fju blæk ʃip ənd ðɛr ˈæntɪks hæv dɪˈfeɪmd ðɪs hoʊl dɪˈpɑrtmənt. hæv ju ˈɛvər mɛt ə gʊd kɑp? ðɪs ɪz ə kˈwɛʃən nɑt ˈmɛni wʊd ˈænsər ɪn əˈsərtɪv. fərˈgɛt əˈbaʊt ɪt! mit frəm ˈsɪti əv ˈpənˌʤæb, ðə super-cop*, ðə ər ðə ˈwərkər. ðə mæn fidz ˈɔlˌmoʊst 300 ˈdeɪli wɪθ ðə hɛlp əv hɪz frɛndz ənd du ɪt fər ˈmidiə əˈtɛnʃən ər feɪm. ɪt tʊk ˈɛri nuz ˈæŋkər ˌhɑˈsɑn saɪd ə lɔt əv ˈɛfərt tɪ fɪlm ɪm ənd ˌɪnˈvaɪt ɪm ɔn ˈɛri trænzˈmɪʃən. hir ɪz haʊ hi wɑz ˈɪntərvˌjud ɪn kˈwɛʃən: sər, ɪkˈskjuz mi, bət ðə ˈʤɛnərəl ˈkɑnsɛpt ɪz ðət pəˈlis teɪks nɑt gɪvz, soʊ haʊ kəm ju ʧoʊz tɪ gɪv bæk tɪ ðə soʊˈsaɪɪti?: ðɪs ˈkɑnsɛpt wɑz ɪn maɪ maɪnd ənd aɪ ʃɛrd ɪt wɪθ ˈɑli ˈmælɪk. hi nɑt ˈoʊnli əˈpriʃiˌeɪtɪd mi ənd hɛlpt mi. wi ˈstɑrtɪd ɪt frəm ˈmændi ənd aɪ æm duɪŋ ɪt fər tu jɪrz. tu ˈdoʊnərz frəm ðə ənd tu səˈpɔrtɪd mi ənd mɔr ənd mɔr ˈpipəl ər əˈproʊʧɪŋ mi fər doʊˈneɪʃənz. wi hæv kənˈvərtɪd ðɪs lənʧ ˈɪntu ˈpɑrti ɪn ənd wɪl stɑrt ðə lənʧ θɪŋ əˈgɛn ˈæftər ðə ˈhoʊli mənθ. kju: haʊ du ju meɪnʤ boʊθ ðə tæsk, laɪk jʊr ˈdutiz ɛz ə pəˈlis ˈɔfɪsər ənd ðɪs fri mil θɪŋ æt ðə seɪm taɪm?: ə hoʊl grup əv ˈpipəl ɪz wɪθ mi. səm ˈkɑnˌtræktərz frəm ðə ˈmændi tu hɛlp ˈjuˈɛs, ðeɪ ˈæˌkʧuəli hɛlp ˈjuˈɛs ɪn ˈgɪtɪŋ ðə fud priˈpɛrd, wɪn ðə taɪm fər ðə mil əraɪvz aɪ ˈpərsənəli riʧ ðə pleɪs tɪ dɪˈstrɪbjut fud. wi fid æt list 250 tɪ 300 ˈpipəl ˈdeɪli. kju: wət du ju fil wɪn ju si ə feɪs ˈæftər ðə mil, ɔl kɑm ənd kəmˈpoʊzd? wət ɪz jʊr ˈfilɪŋ?: aɪ gɪt ənd θæŋk lɔrd ðət hi geɪv mi ðɪs ˌɑpərˈtunəti ənd ɪˈneɪbəld mi tɪ bɪˈkəm wən əv ðoʊz hu fidz ðɛm ənd nɑt ðə wən hu lʊks təˈwɔrdz ˈəðərz fər hɪz nidz. ɪt ɪz ˈblɛsɪŋ əˈpɑn ˈjuˈɛs. ðə ənd ðə ˈpɑzətɪv ˈɛnərʤi fɪlz mi frəm ˌɪnˈsaɪd. kju: wət ɪz ðə ˈmɛnju? wɪn wi ˈstɑrtɪd, wi sərvd ˈdɪfərənt ˈdɪʃɪz bət ðɛn wi kənˈsəltɪd wɪθ ðə ənd ðeɪ ɔl əˈgrid əˈpɑn ˈʧɪkən ɛz ðə dɪʃ ðeɪ kən it ˈdeɪli. bət, jɛs, wi du ˈsəmˌtaɪmz sərv ðɛm ənd səm swit dɪʃ ɔn ðɛr rɪkˈwɛst. ˈkɑmɛnts ˈkɑmɛnts
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in our country, even the name of police department is considered synonymous with corruption and everyone from media to a common man crticizes them for their inefficacy and rampant corruption.
we all know that not all cops are bad or corrupt but few black sheep and their antics have defamed this whole department.
have you ever met a good cop? this is a question not many would answer in assertive.
forget about it!
meet dsp shamsuddin from chishtian city of punjab, the super-cop, the cop-cum-philanthropist or the cop-cum-social worker.
the man feeds almost 300 labourers daily with the help of his friends and doesn’t do it for media attention or fame. it took ary news anchor iqrarul hasan syed a lot of effort to film him and invite him on ary digital’s shan-e-ramazan transmission.
here is how he was interviewed in shan-e-ramazan
question: sir, excuse me, but the general concept is that police takes not gives, so how come you chose to give back to the society?
shamsuddin: this concept was in my mind and i shared it with dpo bahawalpur liaquat ali malik. he not only appreciated me and helped me. we started it from chishtian’s ghalla mandi and i am doing it for two years. two donors from the bahawalnagar and chishtian too supported me and more and more people are approaching me for donations.
we have converted this lunch into iftar party in ramazan and will start the lunch thing again after the holy month.
q: how do you mange both the task, like your duties as a police officer and this free meal thing at the same time?
shamsuddin: a whole group of people is with me. some contractors from the ghalla mandi too help us, they actually help us in getting the food prepared, when the time for the meal arrives i personally reach the place to distribute food. we feed at least 250 to 300 people daily.
q: what do you feel when you see a labourer’s face after the meal, all calm and composed? what is your feeling?
shamsuddin: i get teary-eyed and thank lord that he gave me this opportunity and enabled me to become one of those who feeds them and not the one who looks towards others for his needs. it is god’s blessing upon us. the gratefulness and the positive energy fills me from inside.
q: what is the menu?
when we started, we served different dishes but then we consulted with the labourers and they all agreed upon chicken biryani as the dish they can eat daily. but, yes, we do sometimes serve them zarda and some sweet dish on their request.
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ðə ˈsɛnɪt ˌɪməˈgreɪʃən bɪl wɪl bi ə ˈmeɪʤər bust tɪ ðə ˈfɛdərəl ˈbəʤɪt bət dɪz ˈrɛlətɪvli ˈlɪtəl tɪ klæmp daʊn ɔn ˌɪˈligəl ˌɪməˈgreɪʃən ˈkətɪŋ ðə fˈjuʧər floʊ baɪ ˈoʊnli əˈbaʊt 25 pərˈsɛnt əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ðə kənˈgrɛʃənəl ˈbəʤɪt ˈɔfəs æˈnælɪsɪs əv ðə bɪl, riˈlist ˈtuzˌdeɪ ˌæftərˈnun. ˈəndər ðə bɪl, wɪʧ ˌɪˈligəl ˈɪməgrənts ənd ˌɪnˈvaɪts ɪn ˈfɔrən ˈwərkərz, ˌɪməˈgreɪʃən wɪl ˈtoʊtəl ˈmɪljən mɔr ˈpipəl ˈoʊvər ðə nɛkst ˈdɛkeɪd ənd ˈmɪljən baɪ 2033 ðoʊz ˈfaɪndɪŋz wɪl gɪv ˌæmjəˈnɪʃən tɪ boʊθ səˈpɔrtərz ənd əˈpoʊnənts əv ðə bɪl, wɪʧ ðə ˈsɛnɪt ɪz dəˈbeɪtɪŋ. ɔn wən hænd, ðə bust ɪn ˈfɛdərəl ˈrɛvəˌnu ˈoʊvər ðə nɛkst ˈdɛkeɪd, wɪʧ ðə sɛd wɪl ˈtoʊtəl 197 ˈbɪljən, wɪl hɛlp kwɛl kənˈsərnz ðət ˈtækˌspeɪərz wɪl bi stək wɪθ ə lɑrʤ bɪl. bət ðə ˈɛstəˌmeɪt ðət ðə bɪl sɑlvz ˈoʊnli əˈbaʊt ə kˈwɔrtər əv ðə ˌɪˈligəl ˌɪməˈgreɪʃən ˈprɑbləm wɪl ˈəndərˌkət ðə sponsors’*’ kleɪmz ðət ðeɪ ər ˈsɪriəs əˈbaʊt ˈbɔrdər sɪˈkjʊrəti ənd ˌɪnˈtɪriər ɛnˈfɔrsmənt. ðə sɛd ðə bɪl dɪz ˌɪnˈklud ˈstɪfər ɛnˈfɔrsmənt ənd ˈwərkˌpleɪs ʧɛks, wɪʧ wɪl meɪk ə dɛnt ɪn ˌɪˈligəl ˌɪməˈgreɪʃən. bət ðə nɑnˈpɑrtəzən ˈeɪʤənsi sɛd ɪt ɪkˈspɛkts ˈmɛni gɛst ˈwərkərz wɪl ˈrɛfˌjuz tɪ goʊ hoʊm wɪn ðɛr taɪm ɪz əp, ˈminɪŋ ðət ˌɪˈligəl ˌɪməˈgreɪʃən wɪl kənˈtɪnju. ˈæˌspɛkts əv ðə bɪl wʊd ˈprɑbəˌbli ˌɪnˈkris ðə ˈnəmbər əv əˈnɔθərˌaɪzd ˈrɛzɪdənts ɪn ˌpɑˈtɪkjələr, ˈpipəl ðɛr ˈvizəz ˈɪʃud ˈəndər ðə nu ˈproʊˌgræmz fər ˈtɛmpərˌɛri workers,”*,” ðə ˈeɪʤənsi sɛd. ˈɛstəˌmeɪts ðət, ˈəndər ðə bɪl, ðə nɛt ˈænjuəl floʊ əv əˈnɔθərˌaɪzd ˈrɛzɪdənts wʊd ˈdiˌkris baɪ əˈbaʊt 25 pərˈsɛnt ˈrɛlətɪv tɪ wət wʊd əˈkər ˈəndər ˈkɑrənt law.”*.” ðət wərks aʊt tɪ əˈbaʊt ˈmɪljən fjuər ˈpipəl ɪn ðə juz. ɪn 2023 ðən wʊd ˈəðərˌwaɪz kəm, ənd əˈbaʊt ˈmɪljən fjuər ˈpipəl baɪ 2033 əˈbaʊt ˈmɪljən ˈkɑrənt ˌɪˈligəl ˈɪməgrənts wɪl hæv əbˈteɪnd ˈligəl ˈstætəs baɪ 2018 ðə sɛd. ˈkɑrənt ˈɛstəˌmeɪts seɪ ðɛr ər əˈbaʊt ˈmɪljən ˌɪˈligəl ˈɪməgrənts ɪn ðə juz., bət nɑt ɔl əv ðɛm əraɪvd ˈərli ɪˈnəf tɪ kˈwɑləˌfaɪ fər ðə ˌligələˈzeɪʃən ənd səm ˈəðərz sik ˈligəl ˈstætəs. ɛz ˈbruzɪŋ ɛz ðə ˌɪˈligəl ˌɪməˈgreɪʃən ˈnəmbərz wər, ðə ˌfaɪˈnænʃəl ˈfɪgjərz wər ɪnˈkərəʤɪŋ fər ðə ˈbækərz. ðə sɛd ˈligəˌlaɪzɪŋ ˌɪˈligəl ˈɪməgrənts ənd ˈbrɪŋɪŋ ɪn ˈwərkərz wɪl kɔst 262 ˈbɪljən ɪn nu tæks ˈkrɛdɪts ənd ˈəðər ˈspɛndɪŋ, bət mɔr ðən ˈkəvərd baɪ ðə 459 ˈbɪljən ɪn haɪər ˈtæksɪz peɪd baɪ ˈnuli ˈligəˌlaɪzd ˌɪˈligəl ˈɪməgrənts ənd fˈjuʧər ˈwərkərz. fər ðə ˈpɪriəd frəm 2023 tɪ 2033 ðə sɛd, ðə ˈgəvərnmənt wʊd seɪv əˈbaʊt 700 ˈbɪljən mɔr, fər ə ˈtoʊtəl ˈseɪvɪŋz əv ˈnɪrli 900 ˈbɪljən. pʊt, ðɪs rɪˈpɔrt ɪz ə juʤ moʊˈmɛntəm bust fər ˌɪməˈgreɪʃən reform,”*,” sɛd sɛn. ˈʧɑrəlz i. ˈʃumər, nu jɔrk ˈdɛməˌkræt ənd wən əv ðə eɪt ˈlɔˌmeɪkərz hu roʊt ðə bɪl. dɪˈbəŋks ðə aɪˈdiə ðət ˌɪməˈgreɪʃən rɪˈfɔrm ɪz ˈɛniˌθɪŋ ˈəðər ðən ə bun tɪ ɑr ɪˈkɑnəmi ənd rɑbz ðə əˈpoʊnənts əv wən əv ðɛr læst rɪˈmeɪnɪŋ arguments.”*.” ðə sɛd ɪt ˈkælkjəˌleɪt ˈwɛðər ðə kɔsts wʊd groʊ ɪn fˈjuʧər ˈdɛkeɪdz, wɪn ðə ˈɪməgrənts hu wʊd gɪt ˈligəˌlaɪzd ˈəndər ðə bɪl wʊd ɪˈvɛnʧəwəli bi ˈɛlɪʤəbəl fər ˈsoʊʃəl sɪˈkjʊrəti ənd ˈəðər ɛnˈtaɪtəlmənts. ɛz ˈrɪtən, ðə bɪl proʊˈhɪbəts ˌɪˈligəl ˈɪməgrənts frəm ˈgɪtɪŋ moʊst ˈtækˌspeɪər ˈbɛnəfɪts fər ðə fərst ˈdɛkeɪd, soʊ ðoʊz kɔsts fɔl ˈaʊtˈsaɪd ðə ˈwɪndoʊ. ˈænəlɪsts dɪd seɪ ðə bɪl ɪz ˈrɪtən soʊ ðət ˈpɑsəbəl ˈnuli ˈligəˌlaɪzd ˈɪməgrənts ər ˈəðərz wʊd bi ˈɛlɪʤəbəl fər fud stæmps ər ˈkɑlɪʤ eɪd. ðə ˈænəlɪsts sɛd ˈnuli ˈligəˌlaɪzd ˈɪməgrənts wʊd ˈlaɪkli bi ˈeɪbəl tɪ gɪt ˌənɪmˈplɔɪmənt ˈbɛnəfɪts ɪf ðeɪ lɔst ðɛr ʤɑbz ənd mɛt ðə kraɪˈtɪriə əv ðɛr ˌənɪmˈplɔɪmənt ˈproʊˌgræm. ðə ˈɔlsoʊ sɛd ðət ðə bɪl wʊd min ˈmɪljən mɔr ˈpipəl wɪl bi ˈkəvərd baɪ ˈprɛzɪdənt hɛlθ kɛr lɔ baɪ 2023 ənd ðeɪ wɪl bi ˈgɪtɪŋ ən ˈævərɪʤ əv ɪn ˈsəbsɪdiz ˈəndər ðə hɛlθ kɛr ““exchanges.”*.” ðət minz ðə kɔst əv ““obamacare”*” ɪksˈʧeɪnʤ ˈsəbsɪdiz ˈraɪzɪz baɪ 87 ˈbɪljən, ðə ˈeɪʤənsi sɛd. ˈkɑpiˌraɪt 2019 ðə ˈwɔʃɪŋtən taɪmz, llc*. klɪk hir fər riˈprɪnt pərˈmɪʃən.
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the senate immigration bill will be a major boost to the federal budget but does relatively little to clamp down on illegal immigration — cutting the future flow by only about 25 percent — according to the congressional budget office analysis of the bill, released tuesday afternoon.
under the bill, which legalizes illegal immigrants and invites in foreign workers, immigration will total 10.4 million more people over the next decade and 16.2 million by 2033.
those findings will give ammunition to both supporters and opponents of the bill, which the senate is debating.
on one hand, the boost in federal revenue over the next decade, which the cbo said will total $197 billion, will help quell concerns that taxpayers will be stuck with a large bill. but the cbo’s estimate that the bill solves only about a quarter of the illegal immigration problem will undercut the sponsors’ claims that they are serious about border security and interior enforcement.
the cbo said the bill does include stiffer enforcement and workplace checks, which will make a dent in illegal immigration. but the nonpartisan agency said it expects many guest workers will refuse to go home when their time is up, meaning that illegal immigration will continue.
“other aspects of the bill would probably increase the number of unauthorized residents — in particular, people overstaying their visas issued under the new programs for temporary workers,” the agency said. “cbo estimates that, under the bill, the net annual flow of unauthorized residents would decrease by about 25 percent relative to what would occur under current law.”
that works out to about 1.6 million fewer people in the u.s. in 2023 than would otherwise come, and about 2.5 million fewer people by 2033.
about 7.7 million current illegal immigrants will have obtained legal status by 2018, the cbo said. current estimates say there are about 11.5 million illegal immigrants in the u.s., but not all of them arrived early enough to qualify for the bill’s legalization and some others won’t seek legal status.
as bruising as the illegal immigration numbers were, the financial figures were encouraging for the bill’s backers.
the cbo said legalizing illegal immigrants and bringing in workers will cost $262 billion in new tax credits and other spending, but that’s more than covered by the $459 billion in higher taxes paid by newly legalized illegal immigrants and future workers.
for the period from 2023 to 2033, the cbo said, the government would save about $700 billion more, for a total 20-year savings of nearly $900 billion.
“simply put, this report is a huge momentum boost for immigration reform,” said sen. charles e. schumer, new york democrat and one of the eight lawmakers who wrote the bill. “it debunks the idea that immigration reform is anything other than a boon to our economy and robs the bill’s opponents of one of their last remaining arguments.”
the cbo said it couldn’t calculate whether the costs would grow in future decades, when the immigrants who would get legalized under the bill would eventually be eligible for social security and other entitlements.
as written, the bill prohibits illegal immigrants from getting most taxpayer benefits for the first decade, so those costs fall outside the cbo’s 10-year window.
cbo analysts did say the bill is written ambiguously so that it’s possible newly legalized immigrants or others would be eligible for food stamps or college aid. the analysts said newly legalized immigrants would likely be able to get unemployment benefits if they lost their jobs and met the criteria of their state’s unemployment program.
the cbo also said that the bill would mean 2.6 million more people will be covered by president obama’s health care law by 2023, and they will be getting an average of $7,200 in subsidies under the health care “exchanges.” that means the cost of “obamacare” exchange subsidies rises by $87 billion, the agency said.
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ɔˈstreɪljən pərˈfɔrmərz ˈɑrənt wɛl noʊn fər ðɛr ˌgʊdˈbaɪz. deɪm ˈnɛli ˈmɛlbə ˈfeɪməsli strɛʧt hər ˌfɛrˈwɛl aʊt ˈoʊvər fɔr jɪrz, waɪl ʤɑn ˈfɑrnəm simz tɪ hæv bɪn ˈbɪdɪŋ ˈɔdiənsəz əˈdu fər hæf hɪz kərɪr. bət ˈjɛstərˌdeɪ, deɪm ˈɛdnə ˈɛvərɪʤ ðə flæmˈbɔɪənt əv kəˈmidiən ˈbɛri ˈhəmfəriz fər 57 jɪrz tʊk ˈsɛntər steɪʤ æt ˈsɪdniz ˈkæpɪtəl ˈθiətər tɪ kənˈfərm ðət hər ˌfɛrˈwɛl tʊr, it preɪ læf!, wʊd ˈrɪli bi hər ˈfaɪnəl ˈaʊtɪŋ. ðə ˈprɛʃərz əv ˈkɑnstənt pərˈfɔrmɪŋ, ʃi sɛd, hæd ruld aʊt ə ˈkəmˌbæk. rɛd nɛkst "ˈtʊrɪŋ əraʊnd ɔˈstreɪljə ɪz nɑt ə ˈkəmfərtəbəl ˈɛksərˌsaɪz," ʃi sɛd. "ðoʊ maɪ əˈdrinəl glænd ɪz ɛz strɔŋ ɛz ɪt ˈɛvər wɑz, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ maɪ gynaecologist*." it preɪ læf! ɪz ɔˈstreɪljəz ʧæns tɪ seɪ ˌgʊdˈbaɪ tɪ deɪm ˈɛdnə, ðə "oʊˈlɪmpɪk ˈhoʊstəs frəm pɑndz" ˈhəmfəriz kənˈsivd ɛz ə ˈstudənt æt ðə ˌjunəˈvərsəti əv ˈmɛlbərn ɪn 1955 ˈrɛkəgˌnaɪzd ˈwərldˈwaɪd, deɪm ˈɛdnə həz hɛld kɔrt wɪθ ˈɛvriˌwən frəm ˌpɑləˈtɪʃənz tɪ ðə kwin. ˈhəmfəriz, 78 həz nɑt ruld rɪˈvaɪvɪŋ it preɪ læf! kəmˈpænjənz, sər lɛs ˈpætərsən, hɪz ˈbrəðər ðə rɛv ʤərɑrd ˈpætərsən ənd ˈsændi stoʊn, ðə "ˈdisənt mæn frəm ðə ˈsəbərbz". ˈhəmfəriz' tʊr ɪn ˈsɪdni, wɪʧ bɪˈgæn læst naɪt, wɪl bi ˈfɑloʊd baɪ ə ˈfɔrtˌnaɪt ɪn ˈmɛlbərn ənd ə ˈfaɪnəl ˌfɛrˈwɛl ɔn ðə goʊld koʊst. rivˈjuɪŋ it preɪ ˌkænˈbɛrə prɛˈmɪr ɪn ðiz ˈpeɪʤɪz læst mənθ, ˈvɪnsɪnt pləʃ heɪld ɪnˈdʊrɪŋ ˈtælənt. "ˈɛdnə ənd ˈkəmpəˌni ər ʤɪst ɛz ˈmɑnstrəs ənd ɪmˈbɛrəsɪŋli tru tɪ laɪf ɛz ˈɛvər," hi roʊt. bət pləʃ wɑz nɑt kənˈvɪnst ðə ʃoʊ wʊd bi ˈkərtənz fər ˈɛdnə. "oʊld ˈnɛvər daɪ, ənd ðiz ˈkɛrɪktərz ʃoʊ noʊ saɪn əv ˈfeɪdɪŋ ˈgreɪsfəli ˈɪntu ðə ˈsənˌsɛt."
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australian performers aren't well known for their goodbyes. dame nellie melba famously stretched her farewell out over four years, while john farnham seems to have been bidding audiences adieu for half his career.
but yesterday, dame edna everage -- the flamboyant alter-ego of comedian barry humphries for 57 years -- took centre stage at sydney's capitol theatre to confirm that her farewell tour, eat pray laugh!, would really be her final outing.
the pressures of constant performing, she said, had ruled out a comeback.
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"touring around australia is not a comfortable exercise," she said. "though my adrenal gland is as strong as it ever was, according to my gynaecologist."
eat pray laugh! is australia's chance to say goodbye to dame edna, the "olympic hostess from moonee ponds" humphries conceived as a student at the university of melbourne in 1955.
recognised worldwide, dame edna has held court with everyone from politicians to the queen.
humphries, 78, has not ruled reviving edna's eat pray laugh! companions, sir les patterson, his brother the rev gerard patterson and sandy stone, the "decent man from the suburbs".
humphries' nine-day tour in sydney, which began last night, will be followed by a fortnight in melbourne and a week-long final farewell on the gold coast.
reviewing eat pray laugh!'s canberra premiere in these pages last month, vincent plush hailed humphries's enduring talent. "edna and company are just as monstrous and embarrassingly true to life as ever," he wrote. but plush was not convinced the show would be curtains for edna. "old troupers never die, and these characters show no sign of fading gracefully into the sunset."
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ˈaɪsəs hæv riˈlist ˈɪmɪʤɪz əv ɪkˈstriməsts ˈʃutɪŋ ˈprɪzənərz ʤɪst deɪz ˈæftər ðeɪ ˈɔrdərd ˈʧɪldrən tɪ ˈkɛri aʊt ˌɛksəˈkjuʃənz. ˈpɪkʧərz ʃoʊ fɔr ˈɛldərli fəˈnætɪks drɛst ɪn blæk ənd ˈeɪmɪŋ ˈhændˌgənz æt ðɛr ˈnilɪŋ ˈvɪktɪmz nɪr ðə ˈtɛrər grups ˈsɪriən ˈstrɔŋˌhoʊld əv. ˈmoʊmənts ˈleɪtər, ðə ˈbɪrdəd jihadis*, hu hæv nɑt bɪn aɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪd, ʃut ɔl fɔr ˈprɪzənərz ɪn ðə bæk əv ðə hɛd. ɪt kəmz ʤɪst deɪz ˈæftər ən ˈaɪsəs ˈvɪdioʊ ʃoʊd ə ˈbrɪtɪʃ bɔɪ ənd fɔr ˈəðər ˈʧɪldrən ˈɛksəˌkjutɪŋ mɛn ɪn koʊld bləd ɪn ðə seɪm ˈsɪti. ˈaɪsəs hæv riˈlist ˈpɪkʧərz əv ɪkˈstriməsts ˈʃutɪŋ ˈprɪzənərz ʤɪst deɪz ˈæftər ðeɪ ˈɔrdərd ˈʧɪldrən tɪ ˈkɛri aʊt ˌɛksəˈkjuʃənz ʤoʊnz geɪv bərθ tɪ (ˈsɛkənd raɪt ˈhoʊldɪŋ ˈwɛpən) ɪn kɛnt ɪn 2004 bət splɪt frəm hɪz ˈfɑðər ˈʃɔrtli ˈæftərwərdz. ʃi ðɛn kənˈvərtɪd tɪ ˌɪsˈlɑm ðə groʊˈtɛsk ˈvɪdioʊ ɪz bɪˈlivd tɪ hæv bɪn rɪˈkɔrdɪd ˈrisəntli ənd ʃoʊz ðə ˌɔrgənɪˈzeɪʃən ɪz bɪˈkəmɪŋ ˈivɪn mɔr ˈbrutəl ɛz ɪt riˈtrits ˈɪntu ɪts ˈhɑrˌtlænd. ðə ˈvɪdioʊ ʃoʊz faɪv bɔɪz ˈsoʊˈkɔld kəbz əv ðə bɪˈlivd tɪ bi frəm ˈbrɪtən, ˈiʤɪpt, ˈtərki, ˌtuˈniʒə ənd uzˈbɛkɪˌstæn, ˈwildɪŋ ˈhændˌgənz ənd ˈwɛrɪŋ ˈdɛzərt ˈkæməˌflɑʒ. wən əv ðə ˈjəŋstərz meɪks ə ʃrik ɪn ˈɛrəbɪk ənd slæps wən əv ðə ˈtɛrəˌfaɪd ˈkæptɪvz ɔn hɪz ʃeɪvd hɛd ˌbiˈfɔr ðeɪ reɪz ðɛr gənz ənd kɪl ðə faɪv mɛn, 'ˈeɪθiəst' ˈkərdɪʃ ˈfaɪtərz hu wər ˈkæpʧərd ˈdʊrɪŋ ə ˈbætəl. wən əv ðə bɔɪz sɪz ɪn ˈɛrəbɪk: 'noʊ wən kən seɪv ðə kərdz ˈivɪn wɪθ ðə səˈpɔrt əv əˈmɛrɪkə, fræns, ˈbrɪtən, ˈʤərməni, ðə ˈdɛvəlz ɪn hɛl.' hi ðɛn kɔlz fər ðə ənd ðə ˈəðər bɔɪz ʃaʊt ɪn ˈjunɪsən ˈɑkˌbɑr (gɑd ɪz greɪt) ˌbiˈfɔr ˈreɪzɪŋ ðɛr ˈpɪstəlz tɪ ðə skaɪ ənd ˈʃutɪŋ ðə ˈprɪzənərz. ðɛr ˈbɑdiz ər ˈleɪtər ʃoʊn wɪθ ˈbʊlət wundz tɪ ðə hɛd. ˈpɪkʧərz ʃoʊ fɔr ˈɛldərli fəˈnætɪks drɛst ɪn blæk ənd ˈeɪmɪŋ ˈhændˌgənz æt ðɛr ˈnilɪŋ ˈvɪktɪmz nɪr ðə ˈtɛrər grups ˈsɪriən ˈstrɔŋˌhoʊld əv ðə ˈʧɪldrən ˈkɑpi faɪv ˈoʊldər ʤiˈhɑˌdɪsts hu ˈɛksəˌkjut ˈprɪzənərz ɪn ˈɔrɪnʤ ˈʤəmpˌsuts ənd ˈbʊʧər ðɛm wɪθ naɪvz. læst naɪt, ðə meɪl ɔn ˈsənˌdi ˌriˈpɔrtəd haʊ ðə ˈfɑðər əv ə jəŋ bɔɪ ˈteɪkən tɪ ˈsɪriə baɪ hɪz ˈbrɪtɪʃ ˈməðər wɑz lɛft ʃɑkt ˈæftər siɪŋ ə ˈvɪdioʊ wɪʧ əˈpɛrəntli ʃoʊz hɪz sən ˈɛksəˌkjutɪŋ ə ˈkæpʧərd ˈprɪzənər. ðə dɪˈstrɔt mæn, hu həz nɑt sin hɪz sən fər θri jɪrz, sɛd ðə bɔɪ wɑz 'ˈbreɪnˌwɑʃt' baɪ hɪz ˈməðər, ˈsæli ʤoʊnz, ˈæftər biɪŋ ˈteɪkən baɪ hər tɪ ʤɔɪn ˌɪzˈlɑmɪk steɪt. ðə ˈməðər əv tu, frəm ˈʧætəm, kɛnt, wɑz dɪˈklɛrd wən əv ðə wərldz moʊst ˈwɔntɪd ˈtɛrəˌrɪsts baɪ ðə ˈjuˈɛn ˈæftər ʃi flɛd tɪ ˈsɪriə wɪθ hər ˈjəŋgəst sən, ðɛn ˈeɪʤɪd 10 ɪn 2013 naʊ ðə ˈfɑðər bɪˈlivz ɪt meɪ bi hɪz sən ɪn ə ˈʧɪlɪŋ ˌprɑpəˈgændə ˈvɪdioʊ riˈlist ɔn ˈfraɪˌdeɪ ʃoʊɪŋ faɪv bɔɪz ˈmərdərɪŋ ə grup əv ˈkæpʧərd ˈkərdɪʃ ˈfaɪtərz. 'ðə kəbz əv ðə' ˈaɪsəs ɪz naʊ ˈjuzɪŋ ən ənˈprɛsɪˌdɛntɪd ˈnəmbər əv ˈʧɪldrən dəbd 'kəbz əv ðə' tɪ lɔnʧ ˈdɛvəˌsteɪtɪŋ ˈsuɪˌsaɪd əˈtæks θruaʊt ðə ˈriʤən ənd bɪɔnd. wɪˈθɪn mənθs əv ðə biɪŋ ˈfaʊndɪd, mɔr ðən ə ˈθaʊzənd ˈʧɪldrən ˈəndər ðə eɪʤ əv 16 hæd bɪn rɪˈkrutɪd. wəns ðeɪ ər rɪˈkrutɪd baɪ ɪz, ðə ˈʧɪldrənz ˌaɪsəˈleɪʃən livz ðɛm ˈətərli ˈəndər ðə kənˈtroʊl əv ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri ˈtreɪnərz, hu skul ðɛm ɪn ðə ˌfəndəˈmɛnəlz əv ðə moʊst ˌɪnˌtərprɪˈteɪʃən əv ˈʃɑriə lɔ. ɪn ˈʤænjuˌɛri ðɪs jɪr ˈisə dɛr, ə ˈbrɪtɪʃ bɔɪ dəbd 'ʤiˈhɑˌdi ˈʤunjər' ˈfiʧərd ɪn ən ˈaɪsəs ˈvɪdioʊ. hi ˈʃaʊtɪd: 'wi wɪl kɪl ðə [ˌnɑnbɪˈlivərz]' ˌbiˈfɔr ˈaɪsəs ˈfaɪtərz ˈɛksəˌkjutɪd ˈsɛvərəl ˈprɪzənərz. hɪz ˈməðər, greɪs dɛr, frəm lewisham*, saʊθ ist ˈləndən, ɪz bɪˈlivd tɪ hæv ˈteɪkən ɪm tɪ ʤɔɪn ˈaɪsəs ˈivɪn smɔl ˈʧɪldrən ər ˌɪnˈdɑktrəˌneɪtɪd frəm ðə ˈmoʊmənt ðeɪ ər ˈeɪbəl tɪ rəˈsaɪt ðə kɔˈrɑn ˈɪntu bɪˈlivɪŋ ðət ðə moʊst ˈɑnərəbəl ækt ðeɪ kən pərˈfɔrm ɪz tɪ daɪ ɪn ðə neɪm əv ðə ˈaɪsəs ˈlidər, ˈkæləf ˈæbu al-baghdadi*. ɪn ðə ˈtreɪnɪŋ kæmps, ðiz ˈʧɪldrən ər fɛd ə ˈkɑnstənt daɪət əv ˌdiˌviˈdiz əv ʤiˈhɑˌdi ˌɑpərˈeɪʃənz əˈgɛnst 'ˈɪnfɪdɛlz', wɪʧ ˈkəltɪˌveɪts ə ˈmərdərəs ˈheɪtrəd əv ˈɛvriˌwən bət ɪkˈstrimɪst ˈsuni ˈməzlɪmz. ðeɪ ər ˈfɔrbɪdən ˈækˌsɛs ˈviə ðə ˈɪntərˌnɛt ənd ˈsætəˌlaɪt ˈtɛləˌvɪʒən tɪ ðə ˈaʊtˈsaɪd wərld. læst naɪt ðə mæn, hu həz æst nɑt tɪ bi neɪmd tɪ prəˈtɛkt hɪz ˈseɪfti, sɛd: 'hi wɑz ˈbrɪljənt, ʤɪst ə ˈnɔrməl bɔɪ ˈɔlˌweɪz ˈʧeɪsɪŋ bəgz, goʊɪŋ daʊn ðə pɑrk. aɪ hæv hæd tɪ blɑk ɪt aʊt. ɪts bɪn hɑrd, wi ʤɪst hæv tɪ ˈkɛri ɔn. ɪts dɪsˈgəstɪŋ hiz bɪn ˈbreɪnˌwɑʃt.' ʤoʊnz geɪv bərθ tɪ ɪn kɛnt ɪn 2004 bət splɪt frəm hɪz ˈfɑðər ˈʃɔrtli ˈæftərwərdz. ʃi ðɛn kənˈvərtɪd tɪ ˌɪsˈlɑm. ˈæftər ðɛr splɪt, ʤoʊnz ˈmɛrid ən ˌɪzˈlɑmɪk ˈrædɪkəl 25 jɪrz hər ˈʤunjər, ʧeɪnʤd neɪm tɪ hamza*, ənd ðə θri əv ðɛm flɛd tɪ ˈsɪriə.
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isis brutes have released images of grey-haired extremists shooting prisoners - just days after they ordered children to carry out executions.
pictures show four elderly fanatics dressed in black and aiming handguns at their kneeling victims near the terror group's syrian stronghold of raqqa.
moments later, the bearded jihadis, who have not been identified, shoot all four prisoners in the back of the head.
it comes just days after an isis video showed a british boy and four other children executing men in cold blood in the same city.
isis brutes have released pictures of grey-haired extremists shooting prisoners - just days after they ordered children to carry out executions
jones gave birth to jojo (second right holding weapon) in kent in 2004 but split from his father shortly afterwards. she then converted to islam
the grotesque nine-minute video is believed to have been recorded recently and shows the organisation is becoming even more brutal as it retreats into its heartland.
the video shows five boys - so-called cubs of the caliphate - believed to be from britain, egypt, turkey, tunisia and uzbekistan, wielding handguns and wearing desert camouflage.
one of the youngsters makes a blood-curdling shriek in arabic and slaps one of the terrified captives on his shaved head before they raise their guns and kill the five men, 'atheist' kurdish fighters who were captured during a battle.
one of the boys says in arabic: 'no one can save the kurds even with the support of america, france, britain, germany, the devils in hell.'
he then calls for the takbir and the other boys shout in unison - allahu akbar (god is great) before raising their pistols to the sky and shooting the prisoners. their bodies are later shown with bullet wounds to the head.
pictures show four elderly fanatics dressed in black and aiming handguns at their kneeling victims near the terror group's syrian stronghold of raqqa
the children copy five older jihadists who execute prisoners in orange jumpsuits and butcher them with knives.
last night, the mail on sunday reported how the father of a young boy taken to syria by his british mother was left shocked after seeing a video which apparently shows his son executing a captured prisoner.
the distraught man, who has not seen his son for three years, said the boy was 'brainwashed' by his mother, sally jones, after being taken by her to join islamic state.
the 47-year-old mother of two, from chatham, kent, was declared one of the world's most wanted terrorists by the un after she fled to syria with her youngest son jojo, then aged 10, in 2013.
now the father believes it may be his son in a chilling propaganda video released on friday showing five boys murdering a group of captured kurdish fighters.
'the cubs of the caliphate' isis is now using an unprecedented number of children – dubbed 'cubs of the caliphate' – to launch devastating suicide attacks throughout the region and beyond. within months of the caliphate being founded, more than a thousand children under the age of 16 had been recruited. once they are recruited by is, the children's isolation leaves them utterly under the control of military trainers, who school them in the fundamentals of the most fascistic interpretation of sharia law. in january this year isa dare, a five-year-old british boy dubbed 'jihadi junior' featured in an isis video. he shouted: 'we will kill the kuffar [non-believers]' before isis fighters executed several prisoners. his mother, grace dare, from lewisham, south east london, is believed to have taken him to join isis even small children are indoctrinated – from the moment they are able to recite the koran – into believing that the most honourable act they can perform is to die in the name of the self-declared isis leader, caliph abu bakr al-baghdadi. in the training camps, these children are fed a constant diet of dvds of jihadi operations against 'infidels', which cultivates a murderous hatred of everyone but extremist sunni muslims. they are forbidden access via the internet and satellite television to the outside world.
last night the man, who has asked not to be named to protect his safety, said: 'he was brilliant, just a normal boy – always chasing bugs, going down the park. i have had to block it out. it's been hard, we just have to carry on. it's disgusting he's been brainwashed.'
jones gave birth to jojo in kent in 2004 but split from his father shortly afterwards. she then converted to islam.
after their split, jones married an islamic radical 25 years her junior, changed jojo's name to hamza, and the three of them fled to syria.
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curating* kˈwɑləti ˈkɑntɛnt bɪˈkeɪm ˈhɑrdər ˈleɪtli... ...du tɪ ðə əˈmaʊnt əv gʊdz ˈkəmɪŋ daʊn maɪ weɪ. wɪn ə fju mənθs əˈgoʊ aɪ ˈriəˌlaɪzd aɪ wɑz laɪd tɪ əˈbaʊt, aɪ lʊkt fər ˈɑrtɪkəlz ðət wʊd hɛlp mi ɪkˈspoʊz maɪ vjuz ɔn ðə ˈhæʃˌtæg ənd ðə sərˈaʊndɪŋ ˈsəbʤɪkts (ˈmɑdərn ˌɪnkwəˈzɪʃən, ˈfridəm əv ɪkˈsprɛʃən, ˌɛtˈsɛtərə.) ənd ˈɑnəstli aɪ kʊd ˈbɛrli faɪnd ˈɛni. ðə ˈkɑntɛnt wɑz prəˈdust, bət ɪt wɑz ɔl weɪ tu ˈæŋgri ənd ˈʃæloʊ tɪ bi ˈjusfəl tɪ ˈɛniˌwən ˈaʊtˈsaɪd əv ðə ˈɛkoʊ ˈʧeɪmbər. fæst ˈfɔrwərd ə fju mənθs tɪ təˈdeɪ, ənd ðɛrz soʊ məʧ gʊd stəf prəˈdust ðət aɪ hæv tɪ ˈæˌkʧuəli ˈkjʊrət ðə strim əv tweets*, ˈɑrtɪkəlz ənd ˈvɪdioʊz ɪn ˈɔrdər nɑt tɪ spæm maɪ oʊn ˈfɑloʊərz. ˈɔlsoʊ noʊt ðə toʊn ʃɪft ɪn səm əv ðə ˈmeɪnˌstrim ˈgeɪmɪŋ prɛs. ɪz naʊ "ˈkɑntrəˌvərsi" ənd nɑt "ˈaɪsəs lɛd baɪ ˈnɑtsiz". ʃʊr, səm ˈaʊˌtlɛts (ˈmoʊstli ˈaʊtˈsaɪd əv ðə ˈgeɪmɪŋ prɛs naʊ) ər stɪl ˈɪntu ðə oʊld ˈnɛrətɪv bət aɪ hæv ə ˈfilɪŋ ˈnoʊˌbɑˌdi kɛrz ðət məʧ ˌɛniˈmɔr. əm nɑt seɪɪŋ ðɪs ɪz ˈoʊvər bət ðɪs ˈnuli geɪnd ˈkɑnfədɛns əv ənd ðə ˈdɛspərɪt ˈrændəm əˈtæks frəm ðə ˈɑpəzɪt saɪd tɛl mi ðət prəˈdusɪŋ ər ˈlʊkɪŋ fər ðət "ˈsɪvəl ˈkɑntɛnt" wɑz ðə raɪt θɪŋ tɪ du. ðə ˌpərsəˈvɪrəns ɪn ˈjuzɪŋ ˈlɑʤɪk ənd ˈrizən peɪd ɔf. noʊ, gərlz ənd gaɪz əv, ju ər noʊ seɪnts. ju kən stɪl bi ˈvɪʃəsli ˈæŋgri ənd jɛs, əˈgrɛsɪv ɪz ə ril ˈprɑbləm. ənd aɪ stɪl ˈkænɑt ˌəndərˈstænd waɪ jʊr ˈæmpləˌfaɪɪŋ ðə ˈvɔɪsɪz əv ðə ˌɪˈrɛləvənt attention-seekers*. ənd ðɛr ər ˈəðər ˈprɑbləmz tu ...bət ðæts fər əˈnəðər taɪm. ðɪs taɪm... gʊd ʤɑb. ɛz lɔŋ ɛz ju kip prəˈdusɪŋ ər ˈfaɪndɪŋ (θæŋks, http://www.reddit.com/r/kotakuinaction*/) greɪt "distributable*" ˈkɑntɛnt, aɪ wɪl kip prəˈmoʊtɪŋ ɪt. ənd ɪf baɪ ˈɛni ʧæns ˈɛni ridz ðɪs ɛz wɛl, aɪ æm ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪd ɪn jʊr stəf tu aɪ ðɪs: ənd aɪ wɪl prəˈmoʊt ˈɛniˌθɪŋ ðət hɛlps meɪnˈteɪn ə ˈsɪvəl dɪˈskəʃən. rɪˈplaɪ rɪˈpɔrt poʊst
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curating quality #gamergate content became harder lately...
...due to the amount of goods coming down my way.
when a few months ago i realized i was lied to about #gamergate, i looked for articles that would help me expose my views on the hashtag and the surrounding subjects (modern inquisition, freedom of expression, etc.) -- and honestly i could barely find any. the content was produced, but it was all way too angry and shallow to be useful to anyone outside of the echo chamber.
fast forward a few months to today, and there's so much good stuff produced that i have to actually curate the stream of tweets, articles and videos in order not to spam my own followers.
also note the tone shift in some of the mainstream gaming press. #gamergate is now "controversy" and not "isis led by nazis". sure, some outlets (mostly outside of the gaming press now) are still into the old narrative but i have a feeling nobody cares that much anymore.
i'm not saying this is over but this newly gained confidence of #gamergate and the desperate random attacks from the opposite side tell me that producing or looking for that "civil content" was the right thing to do. the perseverance in using logic and reason paid off.
no, girls and guys of #gamergate, you are no saints. you can still be viciously angry and yes, aggressive dogpiling is a real problem. and i still cannot understand why you're amplifying the voices of the irrelevant attention-seekers. and there are other problems too ...but that's for another time. this time... good job.
as long as you keep producing or finding (thanks, http://www.reddit.com/r/kotakuinaction/) great "distributable" content, i will keep promoting it. and if by any chance any anti-gger reads this as well, i am interested in your stuff too -- i tweeted this: https://medium.com/@calliopeanim/on-media-effects-cultivation-theory-and-video-games-df2393eab9f8 -- and i will promote anything that helps maintain a civil discussion.
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ðə ˈtɛləˌgræf ðə ˈnoʊkiə 105 meɪ nɑt ˈfiʧər ə ˈpɪksəl ˈkæmərə ər ə bət ɪts nu ˈnoʊkiə 105 foʊn wɪl kɔst ə mɪr 15 ˈjuˌroʊz ˌbiˈfɔr ˈtæksɪz. ˈspikɪŋ æt ðə lɔnʧ əv ðə nu ˈnoʊkiə foʊnz æt ðə ˈmoʊbəl wərld ˈkɑŋgrəs ɪn ˌbɑrsɪˈloʊnə, ˈsiˌiˈoʊ ˈstivən elop*, sɪz ðət ˈnoʊkiə hoʊps tɪ ˈkæpʧər ən ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt pɑrt əv ðə ˈmɑrkɪt. "wi dɪd ðɪs bɪˈkəz rəˈgɑrdləs əv wət ju spɛnd ɔn ə ˈmoʊbəl foʊn ju ˈɔlˌweɪz wɔnt, ənd ju dɪˈzərv, ðə ˈvɛri bɛst ɪkˈspɪriəns," hi sɛd. əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ haverinen*, ðə ˈnoʊkiə prɛs ˈspoʊkspərsən, ðə foʊn ˈɔlsoʊ həz ə ˈvɛri lɔŋ ˈbætəri laɪf əv əp tɪ 35 deɪz ɔn wən ʧɑrʤ. "ju kən tɔk frəm ˈsənˌraɪz tɪ ˈsənˌsɛt wɪθ wən ʧɑrʤ," hi sɛd. ðə ˈnoʊkiə 105 wɪʧ həz ə ˈkələr skrin ənd ən ˈɛˈfɛm ˈreɪdiˌoʊ, ɪz ɪkˈspɛktɪd tɪ bi ɪn ðə stɔrz ˌbiˈfɔr ðə ɛnd əv mɑrʧ ðɪs jɪr. ðə dɪˈvaɪs ɪz eɪmd æt dɪˈvɛləpɪŋ ˈkəntriz bət kʊd bi ˈpɑpjələr ɪn ˈbrɪtən ɛz ə ˈbæˌkəp ˈhændˌsɛt. ðə ˈkəmpəˌni ənˈveɪld tu nu ˈwɪndoʊz 8, ðə ˈlumiə 520 ənd ðə ˈlumiə 720 ðə 520 ɪz ðə ˈkəmpəniz ˈʧipəst ˈwɪndoʊz 8 ˈhændˌsɛt ənd həz ə dɪˈspleɪ, ə ˈprɑˌsɛsər ənd əv ˈstɔrɪʤ. ðə 720 ɪz ə dɪˈvaɪs, ˈɔfərɪŋ ə dɪˈspleɪ, ˈprɑˌsɛsər ənd ræm. ˈnoʊkiə wɑz ðə wərldz ˈmeɪkər əv læst jɪr, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ˈrisərʧ fərm idc*, bət moʊst əv ɪts seɪlz kənˈsɪst əv ˈoʊldər, ˈsɪmpələr ə dˈwɪndəlɪŋ ˈmɑrkɪt.
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the telegraph the nokia 105 may not feature a multimega pixel camera or a touchscreen but its new nokia 105 phone will cost a mere 15 euros (£13) before taxes.
speaking at the launch of the new nokia phones at the mobile world congress in barcelona, ceo stephen elop, says that nokia hopes to capture an important part of the market.
"we did this because regardless of what you spend on a mobile phone you always want, and you deserve, the very best experience," he said.
according to pekka haverinen, the nokia press spokesperson, the phone also has a very long battery life of up to 35 days on one charge.
"you can talk from sunrise to sunset with one charge," he said.
the nokia 105, which has a colour screen and an fm radio, is expected to be in the stores before the end of march this year. the device is aimed at developing countries but could be popular in britain as a back-up handset.
the company unveiled two new windows 8 smartphones, the lumia 520 and the lumia 720.
the 520 is the company's cheapest windows 8 handset and has a four-inch display, a 1ghz dual-core processor and 8gb of storage. the 720 is a mid-range device, offering a 4.3-inch display, 1ghz dual-core processor and 512mb ram.
nokia was the world's third-largest maker of smartphones last year, according to research firm idc, but most of its sales consist of older, simpler non-windows smartphones - a dwindling market.
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"nɑt tɪ ˈmɪnəˌmaɪz hər ˈrɛkləs ənd mɛnˈdeɪʃəs ˈhændəlɪŋ əv ˈmætərz --bət ˌɔltəˈgɛðər ˈdɪfərənt lig ðən ˈwɔtərˌgeɪt," ˈbərnstin tweeted*. ˌeɪˈpi ˈfoʊˌtoʊ kɑrl ˈbərnstin: ˈklɪntən iˈmeɪl ˌrivˈju nɑt ˈbɪgər ðən ˈwɔtərˌgeɪt tɪ ˈdɑnəld trəmp, ˈhɪləri ˈklɪntənz nu iˈmeɪl ˌrivˈju baɪ ðə ˈɛfˈbiˈaɪ ɪz "ˈbɪgər ðən ˈwɔtərˌgeɪt." "noʊ weɪ," sɪz ˈʤərnəlɪst kɑrl ˈbərnstin, hu wɑz pɑrt əv ðə tim ðət ənˈkəvərd ðə ˈwɔtərˌgeɪt ˈskændəl, wɪʧ ˈəltəmətli brɔt daʊn ðə ˈprɛzɪdənsi əv ˈrɪʧərd ˈnɪksən. ˈstɔri kənˈtɪnjud bɪˈloʊ "noʊ weɪ iˈmeɪlz 'ˈbɪgər ðən ˈwɔtərˌgeɪt' -ər kloʊz. ˈwɔtərˌgeɪt wɑz əˈbaʊt ə ˈkrɪmənəl 48 faʊnd ˈgɪlti," ˈbərnstin roʊt ɪn ə twit ˈsæˌtɪˌdeɪ. "nɑt tɪ ˈmɪnəˌmaɪz hər ˈrɛkləs ənd mɛnˈdeɪʃəs ˈhændəlɪŋ əv ˈmætərz --bət ˌɔltəˈgɛðər ˈdɪfərənt lig ðən ˈwɔtərˌgeɪt," hi kənˈtɪnjud ɪn ə ˈfɑloʊˌəp twit. ðə ˈɛfˈbiˈaɪ əˈnaʊnst ˈfraɪˌdeɪ ðət ɪt ɪz ˈlʊkɪŋ ˈɪntu ˈnuli dɪˈskəvərd iˈmeɪlz ɛz pɑrt əv ɪts ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃən ˈɪntu ðə ˌdɛməˈkrætɪk ˌprɛzɪˈdɛnʃəl ˌnɑməˈniz juz əv ə ˈpraɪvət iˈmeɪl ˈsərvər ɛz ˈsɛkrəˌtɛri əv steɪt. ˈsɛvərəl aʊərz ˈæftər ðə əˈnaʊnsmɛnt, trəmp sɛd æt ə ˈræli ɪn nu ˈhæmʃər: "ðɪs ɪz ˈbɪgər ðən ˈwɔtərˌgeɪt, ɪn maɪ əˈpɪnjən." kərˈəpʃən ɪz ɔn ə skeɪl wi hæv ˈnɛvər sin ˌbiˈfɔr. wi məst nɑt lɛt hər teɪk hər ˈkrɪmənəl skim ˈɪntu ðə ˈoʊvəl ˈɔfəs," ðə ˌnɑməˈni sɛd. noʊ weɪ iˈmeɪlz 'ˈbɪgər ðən ˈwɔtərˌgeɪt' -ər kloʊz. ˈwɔtərˌgeɪt wɑz əˈbaʊt ə ˈkrɪmənəl 48 faʊnd ˈgɪlti. kɑrl ˈbərnstin (@carlbernstein*) ɑkˈtoʊbər 29 2016
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"not to minimize her reckless and mendacious handling of email-server matters --but altogether different league than watergate," bernstein tweeted. | ap photo carl bernstein: clinton email review not bigger than watergate
to donald trump, hillary clinton's new email review by the fbi is "bigger than watergate."
"no way," says journalist carl bernstein, who was part of the team that uncovered the watergate scandal, which ultimately brought down the presidency of richard nixon.
story continued below
"no way hrc emails 'bigger than watergate' -or close. watergate was about a criminal potus & 48 aides/co-conspirators found guilty," bernstein wrote in a tweet saturday.
"not to minimize her reckless and mendacious handling of email-server matters --but altogether different league than watergate," he continued in a follow-up tweet.
the fbi announced friday that it is looking into newly discovered emails as part of its investigation into the democratic presidential nominee's use of a private email server as secretary of state.
several hours after the announcement, trump said at a rally in new hampshire: "this is bigger than watergate, in my opinion."
“hillary clinton’s corruption is on a scale we have never seen before. we must not let her take her criminal scheme into the oval office," the gop nominee said.
no way hrc emails 'bigger than watergate' -or close. watergate was about a criminal potus & 48 aides/co-conspirators found guilty. — carl bernstein (@carlbernstein) october 29, 2016
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““whenever* aɪ teɪk əp praɪd ənd ˈprɛʤədɪs ər sɛns ənd ˌsɛnsɪˈbɪlɪti, aɪ fil laɪk ə ˈɛnərɪŋ ðə ˈkɪŋdəm əv ˈhɛvən. ʤeɪn ˈɔstɪn .meɪks mi dɪˈtɛst ɔl hər ˈpipəl, wɪˈθaʊt rɪˈzərv. mɑrk austen,”*,” ən ənˈpəblɪʃt, ˌɪnkəmˈplit ˈfrægmənt mɑrk tweɪn ɪkˈsprɛst ənˈpɛrəˌlɛld ˈheɪtrəd əv ʤeɪn ˈɔstɪn, dɪˈfaɪnɪŋ ən aɪˈdil ˈlaɪbrɛˌri ɛz wən wɪθ nən əv hər bʊks ɔn ɪts ʃɛlvz. ðət wən oʊˈmɪʃən əˈloʊn wʊd meɪk ə ˈfɛrli gʊd ˈlaɪbrɛˌri aʊt əv ə ˈlaɪbrɛˌri ðət ə bʊk ɪn it,”*,” tweɪn ˌɪnˈsɪstɪd ɪn ˈfɑloʊɪŋ ðə ɪkˈweɪtər. dɪd mɑrk tweɪn ˈʤɛnjuˌaɪnli dɪˈtɛst ʤeɪn ˈɔstɪn? ər wɑz ðə bushy-eyebrowed*, ˌɪˈræsɪbəl tweɪn ˈmɪrli ˈpoʊzɪŋ? ɪn hɪz ɪkˈstɛnsɪv ˌkɔrəˈspɑndəns wɪθ ˈfɛloʊ ˈɔθər ənd ˈkrɪtɪk ˈwɪljəm din haʊəlz, mɑrk tweɪn simd tɪ ˌɛnˈʤɔɪ ˈvɛntɪŋ hɪz ˈlɪtərˌɛri splin ɔn ʤeɪn ˈɔstɪn prɪˈsaɪsli bɪˈkəz hi nu hər tɪ bi howells’*’ ˈfeɪvərɪt ˈɔθər, ɪn 1909 tweɪn roʊt ðət austin”*” [sɪk] wɑz impossible”*” ənd ðət hi kʊd nɑt rɛd hər proʊz ˈivɪn ɪf peɪd ə ˈsæləri tɪ du soʊ. haʊəlz noʊts ɪn maɪ mɑrk tweɪn 1910 ðət ɪn ˈfɪkʃən tweɪn ˈsərtən dɪˈstɪŋkt loathings*; ðɛr wər ˈsərtən ˈɔθərz huz neɪmz hi simd nɑt soʊ məʧ tɪ prəˈnaʊns ɛz tɪ spju aʊt əv hɪz mouth.”*.” hɪz praɪm əˈbhɔrəns wɑz maɪ dɪr ənd ˈɑnərd praɪm ˈfeɪvərɪt, ʤeɪn ˈɔstɪn. hi wəns sɛd tɪ mi, aɪ səˈpoʊz ˈæftər hi hæd bɪn ˈrɛdɪŋ səm əv maɪ ənˈspɛrɪŋ preɪz əv æm ˈɔlˌweɪz ˈpreɪzɪŋ hər, sim tɪ θɪŋk ðət ˈwʊmən kʊd write,”*,” ənd hi ˈwɪðərɪŋ mi wɪθ hɪz skɔrn, əˈpɛrəntli bɪˈkəz wi hæd bɪn frɛndz soʊ lɔŋ ənd hi mɔr ˈpɪˌtid ðən ˈheɪtɪd mi fər maɪ bæd teɪst. ˈrəðər ðən ˈpɪtiɪŋ tweɪn wɪn hi wɑz sɪk, haʊəlz θˈrɛtənd tɪ kəm ənd rɛd praɪd ənd ˈprɛʤədɪs tɪ ɪm. tweɪn ˈmɑrvɛld ðət ˈɔstɪn hæd bɪn əˈlaʊd tɪ daɪ ə ˈnæʧərəl dɛθ ˈrəðər ðən feɪs ˌɛksəˈkjuʃən fər hər ˈlɪtərˌɛri kraɪmz. bʊks ˈmædən mi soʊ ðət aɪ kənˈsil maɪ frenzy,”*,” tweɪn əbˈzərvd, əˈpɛrəntli vjuɪŋ ən ˈɔstɪn ˈnɑvəl ɛz ə bʊk wɪʧ ju pʊt ɪt daʊn ju ˈsɪmpli pɪk ɪt up.”*.” jɛt wən bɪˈkəmz səˈspɪʃəs əv səˈpoʊzədli ˈfrɛnzid ˈloʊθɪŋ wɪn hi kənˈfɛsɪz ðət hi laɪks tɪ ˈriˈrid ʤeɪn ˈnɑvəlz ʤɪst soʊ hi kən heɪt ðɛm ɔl ˈoʊvər əˈgɛn. ɪn ə ˈlɛtər tɪ ˈʤoʊzəf tˈwɪʧəl ɪn 1898 tweɪn fjumd, hæv tɪ stɑp ˈɛvəri taɪm aɪ bɪˈgɪn. ˈɛvriˌtaɪm aɪ rɛd ənd prejudice”*” aɪ wɔnt tɪ dɪg hər əp ənd bit hər ˈoʊvər ðə skəl wɪθ hər oʊn shin-bone.”*.” tweɪn ˈɑbviəsli ˌɛnˈʤɔɪd ˈteɪkɪŋ ˈvərbəl pɑt ʃɑts æt ““classic”*” ˈɔθərz. ɪn hɪz ˈfeɪməs ˈɛˌseɪ ˈlɪtərˌɛri offenses,”*,” tweɪn ˌlæmˈbæstɪd ˈkupər fər ˈskɔrɪŋ əˈfɛnsɪz əˈgɛnst ˈlɪtərˌɛri ɑrt aʊt əv ə ˈpɑsəbəl ənd kəˈmɪtɪŋ kraɪm əˈgɛnst ðə language”*” θru hɪz ˈstɪltɪd ˈdɪkʃən ənd ˌkɛrɪktərɪˈzeɪʃənz. pərˈhæps tweɪn plænd ə ˈsɪmələr ˈɛˌseɪ tɪ ˈpɪləri ðə ʤeɪn ˈɔstɪn: ən ˌɪnkəmˈplit ənd ənˈpəblɪʃt ˈfrægmənt kɔld austen”*” ɪz naʊ haʊzd ɪn ðə mɑrk tweɪn ˈpeɪpərz æt ðə ˌjunəˈvərsəti əv ˈlaɪbrɛˌri. waɪ maɪt tweɪn hæv bɪˈkəm ənˈkəmfərtəbəl wɪθ ə ˌvɪtriˈɑlɪk əˈtæk ɔn ðə ʤeɪn austin”*”? kʊd ɪt bi ðət hi faʊnd tu məʧ ˈkɑmən graʊnd? austen”*” ˈoʊpənz wɪθ ðə ˌənfərˈgɛtəbəl ˈɪmɪʤ əv ðə ˈənˈkuθ tweɪn ˈɛnərɪŋ ðə pəˈlaɪt soʊˈsaɪɪti əv ʤeɪn ˈnɑvəlz: wɛˈnɛvər aɪ teɪk əp ənd prejudice”*” ər ənd sensibility,”*,” aɪ fil laɪk ə ˈɛnərɪŋ ðə ˈkɪŋdəm əv ˈhɛvən. aɪ min, aɪ fil ɛz hi wʊd ˈprɑbəˌbli fil, wʊd ˈɔlˌmoʊst ˈsərtənli fil. aɪ æm kwaɪt ʃʊr aɪ noʊ wət hɪz sɛnˈseɪʃənz wʊd hɪz ˈpraɪvət ˈkɑmɛnts. hi wʊd bi ˈsərtən tɪ kərl hɪz lɪp, ɛz ðoʊz ˌprɛzbɪˈtɪriənz wɛnt ˈfaɪlɪŋ əˈlɔŋ. bi- kɔz hi kənˈsɪdərd hɪmˈsɛlf ˈbɛtər ðən ðeɪ? nɑt æt ɔl. ðeɪ wʊd nɑt bi tɪ hɪz ɪz ɔl. həz noʊ teɪst fər ðə ˈstaɪfəlɪŋ, ““ultra-good”*” (ənd ˈəltrə ˌsɛlˈfraɪʧəs) wərld əv ˈsənˌdi skul. laɪk ˈhəkəlˌbɛri fɪn daɪɪŋ tɪ ɪˈskeɪp ðə ˈpɑrlər ənd hɛd aʊt fər ðə ˈrɪvər, tweɪn ˌɪˈmæʤənz hɪz kænˈtæŋkərəs əˈneɪbəl tɪ əˈbaɪd ðə pəˈlaɪt ˈleɪdiz ənd ˈʤɛnəlmɪn ɪn ˈnɑvəlz. wʊd nɑt wɔnt tɪ əˈsoʊʃiˌeɪt wɪθ ðɛm; hi wʊd nɑt laɪk ðɛr geɪt, ðɛr staɪl, ðɛr weɪz; ðɛr tɔk wʊd ɛnˈreɪʤ him.”*.” æt ðə seɪm taɪm, ˈsəˌspɛkts hɪz læk əv əˌpriʃiˈeɪʃən maɪt rɪˈvil səm ˈkəlʧərəl ˈfeɪlɪŋ. jɛt hi wʊd bi ˈsikrɪtli əˈʃeɪmd əv hɪmˈsɛlf, ˈsikrɪtli ˈæŋgri wɪθ hɪmˈsɛlf ðət ðɪs wɑz soʊ. waɪ? bɪˈkəz ər laɪk ˈɛvriˌbɑdi hjuˈmɪliˌeɪts ðɛm tɪ faɪnd ðət ðɛr ər faɪn θɪŋz, greɪt θɪŋz, ˈædmərəbəl θɪŋz, wɪʧ ˈəðərz kən pərˈsiv ənd ðeɪ. ðə wʊd up”*” fər əˈnəðər əˈtæk ɔn ˈnɑvəlz: wət wʊd ðə du nɛkst? gɪv ɪt əp ənd goʊ daʊn bɪˈloʊ, wɛr hɪz oʊn kaɪnd ər? noʊ, nɑt jɛt. hi wʊd ˈwɑndər aʊt ˈɪntu ðə ənd teɪk ə lɔŋ rɛst; ðɛn hi wʊd breɪs əp ənd əˈtæk ðə ˌprɑpəˈzɪʃən əˈgɛn, seɪɪŋ tɪ hɪmˈsɛlf, hæv faʊnd ðə ˈsikrɪt ʧɑrm ðət ɪz ɪn ðoʊz ˌprɛzbɪˈtɪriənz, ˈðɛrˌfɔr ɪt məst bi ə fækt, ənd nɑt ən ˌɪˈluʒən; aɪ wɪl traɪ əˈgɛn; wət ðoʊz ˈəðərz hæv faʊnd, aɪ kən find.”*.” soʊ hi traɪz əˈgɛn. dɪz hi səkˈsid? noʊ. bɪˈkəz hi həz nɑt ˈɛʤəˌkeɪtɪd hɪz teɪst jɛt, hi həz nɑt rɪˈfɔrmd hɪz teɪst, hɪz teɪst rɪˈmeɪnz ɛz ɪt wɑz ˌbiˈfɔr, ənd ðə θɪŋ ˌɪnˈvɑlvd ɪz ˈpjʊrli ə ˈmætər əv teɪst: hi wɪl nɑt bi ˈeɪbəl tɪ ˌɛnˈʤɔɪ ðoʊz ˌprɛzbɪˈtɪriənz ənˈtɪl hi həz ˈlərnɪd tɪ ædˈmaɪr ðɛm. ˌɔlˈðoʊ tweɪn noʊts ˈkɛrɪktərz ər nɑt ˌprɛzbɪˈtɪriənz, ənd aɪ æm nɑt ə barkeeper,”*,” hi dɪˈlitəd ðət ˈpæsɪʤ frəm ðə ˈɛˌseɪ, pərˈhæps nɑt ˈwɑnɪŋ tɪ rɪˈlɪŋkwɪʃ ðə ˈpɛrəˌlɛlz hi sɔ bɪtˈwin hɪmˈsɛlf ənd hɪz bət pərsəˈvɪrɪŋ. ʤɪst ɛz tweɪn hæd kwɪpt ðət ɪt ɪz ˈizi tɪ kwɪt hæd dən ɪt ˈmɛni hi ʤoʊks ɪn austen”*” ðət ˈnɑvəlz ər ˈiziər tɪ stɑrt ðən tɪ ˈfɪnɪʃ: dɪz ʤeɪn ˈɔstɪn du hər wərk tu wɛl? fər mi, aɪ min? ˈmeɪbi ðət ɪz ɪt. ʃi meɪks mi dɪˈtɛst ɔl hər ˈpipəl, wɪˈθaʊt rɪˈzərv. ɪz ðət hər ˌɪnˈtɛnʧən? ɪt ɪz nɑt bəˈlivəbəl. ðɛn ɪz ɪt hər ˈpərpəs tɪ meɪk ðə ˈridər dɪˈtɛst hər ˈpipəl əp tɪ ðə ˈmɪdəl əv ðə bʊk ənd laɪk ðɛm ɪn ðə rɛst əv ðə ˈʧæptərz? ðət kʊd bi. ðət wʊd bi haɪ ɑrt. ɪt wʊd bi wərθ waɪl, tu. səm deɪ aɪ wɪl ɪgˈzæmɪn ðə ˈəðər ɛnd əv hər bʊks ənd si. tweɪn ədˈmɪts ðət ðə greɪt ˈkrɪtɪks preɪz hər ɑrt generously”*” fər hər səˈpoʊzd gɪft əv ˌkɛrɪktərɪˈzeɪʃən. stɑrt wɪθ, ðeɪ seɪ ʃi drɔz hər ˈkɛrɪktərz wɪθ ʃɑrp dɪˌskrɪməˈneɪʃən ənd ə ʃʊr təʧ. aɪ bɪˈliv ðət ðɪs ɪz tru, ɛz lɔŋ ɛz ðə ˈkɛrɪktərz ʃi ɪz drɔɪŋ ər odious.”*.” ðɛn ðə ˈɛˌseɪ teɪks ə ˈsədən tərn, sˈwɪʧɪŋ frəm ˈʤɛnərəl ˌɪnˈvɛktɪv tɪ ə kənˌsɪdərˈeɪʃən əv sɛns ənd sensibility—*— ər ˈrəðər, ðə bɪˈgɪnɪŋ əv sɛns ənd ˌsɛnsɪˈbɪlɪti! tweɪn rɪˈmɑrks, æm duɪŋ ənd sensibility”*” naʊ, ənd hæv əˈkɑmplɪʃt ðə fərst θərd əv fər ðə fərst time.”*.” hi ðɛn ðə ˈkɛrɪktərz wən baɪ wən, ˈdɛmənˌstreɪtɪŋ səˈpraɪzɪŋ pərˈsɛpʃən. hi stɑrts wɪθ ˌmɑriˈæn ˈdæʃˌwʊd, ðə ˈiˌmoʊʃənəl ˈhɛroʊən wɪθ ˈgreɪtər ˌsɛnsɪˈbɪlɪti ðən sɛns: tɪ maɪ maɪnd, ˌmɑriˈæn ɪz nɑt əˈtræktɪv; aɪ æm ʃʊr aɪ ʃʊd nɑt kɛr fər hər, ɪn ˈækʧəwəl laɪf. aɪ səˈpoʊz ʃi wɑz ˌɪnˈtɛndɪd tɪ bi ˌənəˈtræktɪv. ˌɪnˈdid, tweɪn ənd ˈɔstɪn ʃɛr ə dɪˈskəmfərt wɪθ ənˈbraɪdəld ˌsɛnəmɛnˈtælɪti. ˈɔstɪn dɪˈskraɪbz ˌmɑriˈæn ɛz ɪn everything,”*,” pəˈzɛsɪŋ ən əv. .sensibility”*” ɪn wɪʧ ˈsɑroʊz, hər ʤɔɪz, kʊd hæv noʊ moderation.”*.” wɪn ˈəpˌsɛt, ˌmɑriˈæn ““court[s*] misery”*” ənd ɪn hər grif, ˌɪnˈkris əv ɪn ˈɛvəri rɪˈflɛkʃən ðət kʊd əˈfɔrd it”*” ənd ˌɪnˈdəlʤɪŋ ɪn remembrances.”*.” məst məst bi wretched,”*,” ˌmɑriˈæn ˈgəʃɪz ɪn hər əv sorrow”*” ənd əv grief,”*,” pərˈhæps fɔrˈʃædoʊɪŋ ˈɛməˌlaɪn grangerford*, ðə jəŋ poʊət əv ˈhəkəlˌbɛri fɪn hu raɪt əˈbaʊt ˈɛniˌθɪŋ ju ʧuz tɪ gɪv hər tɪ raɪt əˈbaʊt, ʤɪst soʊ ɪt wɑz sadful.”*.” laɪk tweɪn, ˈɔstɪn mɑkt ˈhɛˌroʊənz tu ˈbɪzi ˈhivɪŋ ðɛr tɪ ækt ˈræʃənəli. ˈfeɪtəl swun həz kɔst mi maɪ life,”*,” ɪkˈskleɪmz wən ˈhɛroʊən əv ə bərˈlɛsk ˈɔstɪn roʊt ɛz ə ˈtiˌneɪʤər, əv swoons*, dɪr ˈlɔrə rən mæd ɛz ˈɔfən ɛz ju ʧuz; bət du nɑt faint.”*.” bɪˈkəz ˌmɑriˈæn əv sɛns ənd ˌsɛnsɪˈbɪlɪti ˈwæksɪz poʊˈɛtɪk ənd ˌmɛlənˈkɑlɪk ju, jɛ ˈwɛlˈnoʊn trees!”*!”), ʃi həz ˈlɪtəl taɪm tɪ hɛlp ˈəðərz əraʊnd hərˈsɛlf. tweɪn ðɛn tərnz hɪz ˈwɪðərɪŋ geɪz ɔn ˈsɛnsəbəl ˈoʊldər ˈsɪstər, ˈɛlɪnər, ənd ðə mæn ʃi wɪl ɪˈvɛnʧəwəli ˈmɛri, ˈɛdwərd. ˈɛdwərd həz ˈfɑlən ɪn ləv wɪθ ˈɛlɪnər, ənd ʃi wɪθ ɪm; ðə ˌʤəstəfəˈkeɪʃən əv ðɪs meɪ dɪˈvɛləp ˈleɪtər, bət ðəs fɑr ðɛr ɪz noʊ weɪ tɪ əˈkaʊnt fər ɪt; fər, ðəs fɑr, ˈɛlɪnər ɪz ə wæks ˈfɪgjər ənd ˈɛdwərd ə ˈʃæˌdoʊ, ənd haʊ kʊd səʧ ˌmænjəˈfækʧərz ɛz ðiz wɔrm əp ənd fil ə ˈpæʃən. tweɪn kərˈɛktli noʊts ðət boʊθ ˈɛdwərd ənd ˈɛlɪnər ər rɪˈzərvd ɪn ˈneɪʧər, ˈgəvərnɪŋ ðɛr ˈɪˌmoʊʃənz ˈrəðər ðən ˈwɛrɪŋ ðɛm ˈoʊpənli, laɪk ˌmɑriˈæn. ˈivɪn ˈɛlɪnər ədˈmɪts əv ˈɛdwərd, wɑz, æt taɪmz, ə wɔnt əv ˈspɪrɪts əˈbaʊt him,”*,” ə kəmˈpɛrəsən əv ə ˈtɪpɪkəl ˈɛdwərd ˈsɛntəns wɪθ wən əv hək meɪ ʃɛd laɪt ɔn ˈkoʊldnəs təˈwɔrd ““hero”*”: ˈɛdwərd: hæv nɑt bɪn ˈeɪbəl, ðɛn, tɪ brɪŋ jʊr ˈsɪstər ˈoʊvər tɪ jʊr plæn əv ˈʤɛnərəl civility.”*.” hək: əp ðə ʃɛd ənd aɪ wɑz dog-tired.”*.” tweɪn nɑt səˈpraɪzɪŋli kənˈsɪdərd ðə ˈɛdwərd ə milquetoast*. ˈɛˌseɪ kənˈtɪnjuz hɪz æˈnælɪsɪs əv ˈɛdwərd ənd hɪz riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪps: ˈɛdwərd ɪz ən ənˈplɛzənt ˈʃæˌdoʊ, bɪˈkəz hi həz dɪˈskɑrdɪd hɪz ˈhɑrmləs ənd ɪnˈgeɪʤd hɪmˈsɛlf tɪ ˈlusi stil, hu ɪz kɔrs, ˈɪgnərənt, ˈvɪʃəs, ˈbreɪnlɪs, ˈhɑrtləs, ə flatterer*, ə sneak—*— ənd ɪz dɪˈskraɪbd baɪ ðə səˈplæntəd ɛz biɪŋ ˈwʊmən suˈpɪriər ɪn ˈpərsən ənd ˌəndərˈstændɪŋ tɪ hæf hər sex;”*;” ənd ənd ˈhæbət wɪl tiʧ ˈɛdwərd tɪ fərˈgɛt ðət hi ˈɛvər θɔt əˈnəðər suˈpɪriər tɪ her.”*.” ˈɛlɪnər noʊz ˈlusi kwaɪt wɛl. ər ðoʊz ˌsɛnəˈmɛnəl pʊt ˈɪntu hər maʊθ tɪ meɪk ˈjuˈɛs θɪŋk ʃi ɪz ə ˈnoʊbəl ənd mægˈnænəməs, ənd ðəs ɪgˈzɔlt hər ɪn ɑr ˌɛstəˈmeɪʃən? ənd du ðeɪ du ɪt? hir səˈspɪʃən tərnz tɪ sərˈmaɪz. ˌɔlˈðoʊ tweɪn hæd ˈboʊstɪd ˈərliər ɪn austen”*” ðət hi wɑz duɪŋ fərst third”*” əv sɛns ənd ˌsɛnsɪˈbɪlɪti ənd nɑt fər ðə fərst taɪm, hi kwoʊts hir frəm ðə ˈfaɪnəl θərd əv hər ˈnɑvəl. wɑz mɑrk tweɪn ə ˈklɑzət janeite*, ə feɪk hu rɛd ənd əˈpriʃiˌeɪtɪd fɑr mɔr əv ʤeɪn ˈɔstɪn ðən hi ədˈmɪtəd? tweɪn ʃoʊz hɪz ˌəndərˈstændɪŋ əv ˈɔstɪn θru hɪz æpt dɪˈskrɪpʃən əv ˈlusi stil ɛz ““coarse*, ˈɪgnərənt, ˈvɪʃəs, ˈbreɪnlɪs, ˈhɑrtləs, ə flatterer*, ənd ə sneak.”*.” dɪˈspaɪt hɪz ˈjuʒəwəl ˌædmərˈeɪʃən fər spiʧ ənd ˈmænərz, tweɪn ˈklɪrli dɪz nɑt prɪˈfər ðə əˈnɛʤʊˌkeɪtɪd, ənd illiterate”*” ˈlusi wɪθ hər bæd ˈgræmər ənd əv ril elegance”*” tɪ ðə ˈdæʃˌwʊd ˈsɪstərz. ““insincerity”*” ənd ““artfulness”*” meɪk hər boʊθ ˈɔstɪn ənd tweɪn. fər ˈtɔrˌmɛntər, ðə ˈwɪləbi hu lidz hər ɔn waɪl ˈplænɪŋ ˈmɛrɪʤ tɪ ən ˈɛrəs, tweɪn həz ˈnəθɪŋ bət ˈsɛnʃər: ɪz ə ˈfræŋkli kruəl, ˈkrɪmənəl ənd ˈfɪlθi society-gentleman.”*.” laɪk ˈɔstɪn, tweɪn skɔrnd ðoʊz huz ˈʤɛnəlmənli əˈpɪrəns mæskt ən ˌɪnˈhjumən, ˈhɑloʊ kɔr. ʤɪst ɛz ˈɔstɪn hæd meɪd ðə ˈpaʊərfəl, ˈsoʊʃəli suˈpɪriər ˈleɪdi ˈkæθərɪn də ðə list ˈædmərəbəl ˈkɛrɪktər ɪn praɪd ənd ˈprɛʤədɪs, soʊ tweɪn hæd noʊ trək wɪθ ˌɛrəˈstɑkrəsi baɪ bərθ ˈrəðər ðən baɪ bɪˈheɪvjər, əbˈzərvɪŋ ðət ðə ˈrəʃən ˈɛmpərər sˈnizɪz ʤɪst laɪk ˈɛnibədi ɛls. ɪn sɛns ənd ˌsɛnsɪˈbɪlɪti, ðə ˈleɪdi ˈkæθərɪn ɪkˈwɪvələnt ɪz ˈhɔti ənd məˈlɪʃəs ˈməðər, ˈmɪsɪz.: tweɪn kənˈkludz, ˈmɪsɪz. ɪz ən ˌɛgˈzɛkrəbəl ˈʤɛnəlˌwʊmən ənd kɔrs ənd offensive.”*.” fər hɪz rɪˈmeɪnɪŋ ˈkɛrɪktər noʊts, tweɪn ædz ðə ˈleɪbəl ““gentleman”*” ər ““lady,”*,” ˈfɑloʊd baɪ ““coarse,”*,” ɛz ɪf tɪ ɛnˈdɔrs ˈskeɪðɪŋ ˌɪnˈdaɪtmənt əv ðə ˈəpər ˈklæsɪz: ˈmɪstər. ˈdæʃˌwʊd, ˈʤɛnəlmən, ɪz ə kɔrs ənd money-worshipper*; hɪz ˈfæni ɪz kɔrs ənd min. ˈniðər əv ðɛm ˈɛvər sɪz ər dɪz ə ˈplɛzənt θɪŋ. ˈmɪstər. ˈrɑbərt, ˈʤɛnəlmən, ɪz kɔrs, ɪz ə snɑb, ənd ən əˈfɛnsɪv ˈpərsən. ˈmɪstər. ˈpɑmər, ˈʤɛnəlmən, ɪz kɔrs, brute-mannered*, ənd ˈprɑbəˌbli ən æs, ðoʊ wi ˈkænɑt tɛl, jɛt, bɪˈkəz hi hɪmˈsɛlf bɪˈhaɪnd ˈsaɪlənsɪz wɪʧ ər nɑt ˈɔfən ˈbroʊkən baɪ ˈspiʧɪz ðət kənˈteɪn məˈtɪriəl ɪˈnəf tɪ ˈkɑnstrəkt ən æˈnælɪsɪs aʊt əv. hɪz waɪf, ˈleɪdi, ɪz kɔrs ənd ˈsɪli. ˈlusi ˈsɪstər ɪz kɔrs, ˈfulɪʃ, ənd ˌdɪsəˈgriəbəl. baɪ ðɪs pɔɪnt, tweɪn həz riˈɪtərˌeɪtɪd ðə wərd ““coarse”*” fər eɪt ˈkɛrɪktərz. wən maɪt hæv əˈsumd ðət tweɪn wʊd ɪmˈbreɪs rəf hi simd tɪ ˈkəltəˌveɪt ɪn rɪˈmɑrks səʧ ɛz aɪ swɛr ɪn ˈhɛvən aɪ steɪ hir hi ɪkˈweɪts ðə tərm wɪθ ˈʤɛnərəl ˈminnəs ənd ðə kræs əv schemers*. ˈɔstɪn wʊd ˈhɑrdli dɪˈspjut ˈkɛrɪktər æˈnælɪˌsiz. ʤɑn ənd ˈfæni ˈdæʃˌwʊd ər ˌɪnˈdid kɔrs, min, hu ˈrɛfˌjuz tɪ ʃɛr ðɛr ˌɪnˈhɛrətəns wɪθ ˈrɛlətɪvz. ʃʊd ðeɪ gɪv 3000 paʊnz əˈweɪ? noʊ, ðeɪ ˌdɪˈsaɪd. ðeɪ tɔk ðə ˌɪˈnɪʃəl səm daʊn tɪ ˈnəθɪŋ bət ɔˈkeɪʒənəl əv fɪʃ ənd game.”*.” ɛz ˈfæni əbˈzərvz wɪn kˈwɔʃɪŋ ðə aɪˈdiə əv ə ˈjɪrli doʊˈneɪʃən tɪ hər ˈwɪdoʊd ˈstɛpˌməðər, ˈɔlˌweɪz lɪv fərˈɛvər wɪn ðɛr ɪz ˈɛni əˈnuɪti tɪ bi peɪd them.”*.” ˈrɑbərt pəˈzɛsɪz ənd conceit,”*,” ˈɔstɪn tɛlz ˈjuˈɛs, ənd pərˈhæps ʃi ənd tweɪn wʊd əˈgri ðət hi dɪˈzərvz tɪ ˈmɛri (ɛz hi dɪz) ðə ˈikwəli əˈfɛnsɪv ˈlusi stil. ˈrəðər ðən ˈsɛləˌbreɪtɪŋ ˈmɪstər. bæd ˈmænərz, tweɪn ˈsɛnsɪz hɪz ənd ðə ˈhɔrər əv ðə palmers’*’ ˈləvləs ˈmɛrɪʤ. ˈɔstɪn əbˈzərvd əv ðə ˈmɪstər. ˈpɑmər, ˈtɛmpər maɪt pərˈhæps bi ə ˈlɪtəl saʊərd baɪ ˈfaɪndɪŋ, laɪk ˈmɛni ˈəðərz əv hɪz sɛks, ðət θru səm ˌənəˈkaʊntəbəl baɪəs ɪn ˈfeɪvər əv ˈbjuti, hi wɑz ðə ˈhəzbənd əv ə ˈvɛri ˈsɪli woman.”*.” ˈmɪstər. ˈpɑmər rɪˈspɑndz tɪ hɪz ˈmɛrɪʤ tɪ ə ˈbreɪnlɪs ˈwʊmən baɪ riˈtritɪŋ bɪˈhaɪnd hɪz ˈnuzˌpeɪpər, ˈpʊtɪŋ ɪt daʊn ˈoʊnli tɪ ˈətər kənˈtɛmpʧuəs ˈkɑmɛnts əˈbaʊt ˈɛvriˌwən, ˌpɑrˈtɪkjələrli hɪz waɪf. tweɪn ˈɛkoʊz dɪˈskrɪpʃən əv ˈmɪsɪz. ˈpɑmər ɛz ““silly”*” ənd prəˈnaʊnsɪz hər ˈhəzbənd ass.”*.” (ˈɔstɪn rənz ˈmɪstər. ˈpɑmər θru mɔr pəˈlaɪtli bət wɪθ ə ˈʃɑrpər ˈreɪpiər ɛz ə mæn əv ˌɪnˈdɪfərəns, ˈɪnsələns, ənd discontent.”*.”) læst ɔn ˈkɛrɪktər lɪst ɪn austen”*” ɪz ˈlusi əˈfɛktɪd ˈsɪstər, dɪsˈmɪst ɛz ““coarse*, ˈfulɪʃ, ənd disagreeable”*” (ənd noʊ ˈleɪdi) baɪ boʊθ tweɪn ənd ˈɔstɪn. ənd ðɛr, wɪθ hɪz kəmˈpleɪnt əˈbaʊt ðə ˌdɪsəˈgriəbəl mɪs stil, ˈɛˌseɪ əˈbrəptli ɛndz. dɪd hi liv ðə ˈɛˌseɪ ənˈfɪnɪʃt bɪˈkəz, laɪk hɪz, hi hæd bɪn dɪˈfitɪd ɪn hɪz əˈtɛmpt tɪ əˈpriʃiˌeɪt ʤeɪn ˈɔstɪn? ər wɑz ɪt (aɪ wʊd ˈɑrgju) ðət hi kʊd noʊ ˈlɔŋgər ˈrɛkənˌsaɪl hɪz ˈvɪrəl dɪˈzaɪər tɪ dɪˈspɛrɪʤ ˈɔstɪn wɪθ ðə fækt ðət hi ˈæˌkʧuəli ““got”*” hər? aɪ ˈsəˌspɛkt ðət hi wɑz əˈfreɪd ðət ədˈmɪtɪŋ ˈɑnəstli tɪ ˈriʧɪŋ ðə ˈfaɪnəl pɑrts əv sɛns ənd ˌsɛnsɪˈbɪlɪti wʊd bi unmasculine*, laɪk kənˈfɛsɪŋ hi ədˈmaɪərd bæˈleɪ ər pleɪd ðə flut. ɪf tweɪn wər əˈlaɪv təˈdeɪ, wʊd hi meɪnˈteɪn hɪz ˈɪmɪʤ baɪ ˈgrəmbəlɪŋ əˈbaʊt ʤeɪn ˈstætəs ɛz ˈwʊmən əv ðə year”*”? ɪf tweɪn kənˈtɪnjud hɪz poʊz, hi wʊd faɪnd ˈplɛnti əv ˈkəmpəˌni əˈməŋ kənˈtɛmpərˌɛri əˈmɛrɪkən meɪl ˈhjumərɪsts. waɪl ˈwərkɪŋ ɔn ə ˈsɪriz əˈbaʊt ʤeɪn ˈɔstɪn fər ˈnæʃənəl ˈpəblɪk ˈreɪdiˌoʊ ˈsætəˌlaɪt ˌdɪstrəˈbjuʃən ˈfiʧərɪŋ ˈmɑrgərɪt ˈdræbəl ənd ə ˈkædri əv ˈəðər dɪˈstɪŋgwɪʃt ˈɔstɪn ˈskɑlərz ənd ədˈmaɪrərz, aɪ tərnd fər ˈkɑmɪk rɪˈlif tɪ tu ˌɪnstɪˈtuʃənz əv əˈmɛrɪkən ˈruni ənd deɪv hərd ˈɛkoʊz əv tweɪn. frəm hɪz ˈɔfəs æt minutes,”*,” ˈruni meɪd ɪt klɪr tɪ mi ðət hi hæd ə ˌdɪˈsaɪdɪd ˈprɛʤədɪs əˈgɛnst ˈɔstɪn: wət du aɪ θɪŋk əv ʤeɪn ˈɔstɪn? ˈɔlˌmoʊst ˈnəθɪŋ, əˈfreɪd. ˈnɛvər rɛd ˈɛniˌθɪŋ ʃi roʊt ənd fil ˈɛni greɪt vɔɪd wɛr ˈnɑlɪʤ əv hər wərk wʊd bi. ʤeɪn ˈɔstɪn həz nɑt bɪn ˈʧoʊzən baɪ mi ɛz ˈsəmˌwən aɪ dɪˈlɪbərətli wɪʃ tɪ bi ˈɪgnərənt əv; aɪ ʤɪst ˈnɛvər gɑt æt ˈrɛdɪŋ praɪd ənd ˈprɛʤədɪs ər sɛns ənd ˌsɛnsɪˈbɪlɪti. ðeɪ simd tɪ bi ðə twɪnz fər ˈgroʊˌnəps. ˈruni ədˈmɪtəd hi hæd nɑt rɛd ˈɛniˌθɪŋ baɪ bronte”*” ˈiðər (hæv ˈɛni əv ˈjuˈɛs?). ˈhjumərɪst deɪv ˈbɛri əv ðə maɪˈæmi ˈhɛrəld ɪkˈsprɛst ˈsɑroʊ æt ˈlərnɪŋ ðət ˈɔstɪn hæd nɑt ˈrɪtən ˈwəðərɪŋ haɪts wɑz maɪ wən ʃɑt æt ˈrɛdɪŋ ə ʤeɪn ˈɔstɪn book”*”). aɪ æst ɪm wət ˈɪmɪʤ kəmz ˈɪntu hɪz maɪnd wɪn hi hirz ðə neɪm ʤeɪn ˈɔstɪn. wɛl, aɪ ˈpɪkʧər ɔl ðiz ˈmuviz ðət aɪ goʊ ðə meɪn ðət ˌɔlˈstɑr ˈɛmə ˈtɑmsən, hu ʃʊr ɪz ə ˈwəndərfəl ˈæktrəs. ˈlʊkɪŋ æt ðə ˈməltiˌplɛks ənd ˈɔlˌmoʊst goʊɪŋ tɪ goʊ ˈɪntu ðət ˈmuvi wɪθ ˈɛmə ˈtɑmsən ənd ðɛn raɪt nɛkst dɔr ə ˈmuvi wɛr ˈɑrnəld ʃˈwɔrzəˌneɪgər ˈkræʃɪz ə ʤɛt ski ˈɪntu ə ˈhɛlɪˌkɑptər ənd aɪ θɪŋk ˈprɑbəˌbli mɔr əˈlɔŋ maɪ laɪn əv ˈθɪŋkɪŋ, soʊ aɪ ˈnɛvər kwaɪt gɪt tɪ ðoʊz ʤeɪn ˈɔstɪn ˈmuviz. ˈbɛri ʧæˈstaɪzd ˈruni fər dɪsˈmɪsɪŋ praɪd ənd ˈprɛʤədɪs ənd sɛns ənd ˌsɛnsɪˈbɪlɪti, ˈnoʊtɪŋ, ˌəndərˈstænd waɪ hi wʊd ˈkrɪtɪˌsaɪz tu bʊks hi hæd nɑt ˈpərsənəli rɛd, soʊ aɪ seɪ aɪ wʊd əˈgri wɪθ him,”*,” ˌɪnˈstɛd, ˈbɛri kənˈkludɪd, ʃʊd rɛd ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ ʃi ˈɛvər roʊt ənd ðɛn tɛl mi əˈbaʊt ɪt soʊ aɪ ˈpərsənəli hæv to.”*.” laɪk tweɪn, hu ˈboʊstɪd noʊ ˈɛniˌθɪŋ əˈbaʊt ˈɛniˌθɪŋ, ənd ˈnɛvər did,”*,” ˈbɛri ənd ˈruni sim tɪ ˈsɛləˌbreɪt ðɛr ɪn rɪˈgɑrd tɪ ˈwɪmən ˈraɪtərz. haʊ ənˈfɔrʧənət ðət ʤeɪn ˈɔstɪn daɪd tu ˈdɛkeɪdz ˌbiˈfɔr ðə bərθ əv mɑrk tweɪn wət maɪt ʃi hæv sɛd (aɪˈrɑnɪkli, noʊ daʊt) əv ɪm? wət ɪf ðə tu hæd mɛt ɔn wən əv trɪps tɪ ˈjʊrəp? ˈəʃərd ˈɪntu hər ˈprɛzəns ɪn ˈrʊrəl ˈhæmʃər, wʊd tweɪn hæv fɛlt laɪk ə ˈɛnərɪŋ ðə ˈkɪŋdəm əv ˈhɛvən? ˈθɪŋkɪŋ əv tweɪn, ðə ˌɪrəˈprɛsəbəl əˈmɛrɪkən ˈrɪvərˌboʊt ˈpaɪlət, ənd ˈɔstɪn, ðə ˈmeɪdən ɔnt, riˈmaɪndɪd əv ˈboʊˌgɑrt ənd ˈhɛpbərn ɪn ðə fɪlm ˈklæsɪk ðə ˈæfrɪkɑn kwin. ˈʧɑrli, ðə ənˈʃeɪvən, ˈbʊrɪʃ ˈpaɪlət əv ðə ˈæfrɪkɑn kwin, ʃɛrz dɪˈlaɪt ɪn sɪˈgɑrz, ˈælkəˌhɑl, ˈfridəm, ənd ˈlæksəti, ˈnoʊtɪŋ du təˈdeɪ wət ju kən pʊt ɔf tɪl tomorrow”*” (məʧ ɛz tweɪn kwɪpt nɑt pʊt ɔf tɪl təˈmɑˌroʊ wət kən bi pʊt ɔf tɪl ʤɪst ɛz well”*”). laɪk tweɪn ɪn ðə ˈkəmpəˌni əv ˈʤɛnəlmɪn ənd ˈleɪdiz, ˈʧɑrli simz hɪˈlɛriəsli aʊt əv pleɪs æt haɪ ti wɪθ ˈroʊzi ənd hər ˈrɛvərənd ˈbrəðər. boʊθ lʊk æt ˈʧɑrli ɪn peɪnd bət ˈɛləgənt ˈsaɪləns ɛz hɪz ˈstəmək graʊlz ˌənkənˈtroʊləbli. ˈʧɑrli meɪ bi ˈnæʧərəl, bət ɛz ˈroʊzi əbˈzərvz, ɪz wət pʊt ɪn ðɪs wərld tɪ raɪz above.”*.” ðə dɪsˈlaɪk ɪz mˈjuʧuəl: ˈʧɑrli skɔrnz ðə oʊld maid”*” ˈroʊzi ənd hər wərld əv prəˈpraɪəti ənd soʊˈbraɪəti. hi filz məʧ laɪk ðə up”*” ˈhəkəlˌbɛri fɪn: ðə ˈwɪdoʊ ˈdəgləs əˈlaʊd ʃi wʊd mi; bət ɪt wɑz rəf ˈlɪvɪŋ ɪn ðə haʊs ɔl ðə taɪm, kənˈsɪdərɪŋ haʊ ˈdɪzməl ˈrɛgjələr ənd ˈdisənt ðə ˈwɪdoʊ wɑz ɪn ɔl hər weɪz; ənd soʊ wɪn aɪ stænd ɪt noʊ ˈlɔŋgər, aɪ lɪt aʊt. bət ˈʧɑrli ənd ˈroʊzi out”*” ðə rɪˈzəlts ər səˈpraɪzɪŋ. wiks təˈgɛðər ɪn ə boʊt strɪp əˈweɪ leɪərz əv ˈsimɪŋli ˌɪnsərˈmaʊntəbəl ˈkəlʧərəl tɪ ˈmɛnʃən ðə leɪərz əv stɑrʧt, ˈleɪsi gaʊn. ˈʧɑrli ənd ˈroʊzi dɪˈskəvər ə ˈkɑmən zɛst fər laɪf. kʊd nɑt tweɪn ənd ˈɔstɪn bi sin ɛz səʧ ən ɑd ˈkəpəl? aɪ bɪˈliv ʤeɪn ˈɔstɪn wʊd hæv ˌɛnˈʤɔɪd mɑrk pɛr əv ˈstɔriz kɔld gʊd ˈlɪtəl boy”*” ənd bæd ˈlɪtəl boy.”*.” ˈoʊvərˌtərnɪŋ ˌmɔrəˈlɪstɪk ˈsənˌdi skul ˈstɔriz, superhumanly*, rəˈdɪkjələsli gʊd ˈlɪtəl bɔɪ mits wɪθ ə ˈmɪzərəbəl dɛθ, waɪl hɪz bæd ˈlɪtəl bɔɪ wɪndz əp rɪʧ ənd wɪθ ə sit ɪn ðə ˈlɛʤəsˌleɪʧər. ˈɔstɪn hæd ˈkɑmɛntəd ɪn ə ˈlɛtər, əv pərˈfɛkʃən .meɪk mi sɪk ənd wicked.”*.” ˈoʊvərˌtərnɪŋ ˈkɑndəkt bʊks ædˈvaɪzɪŋ gərlz tɪ bi paɪəs, səbˈmɪsɪv, ənd ˈleɪdiˌlaɪk, ˈɔstɪn roʊt ˈskɛʧɪz ɛz ə ˈtiˌneɪʤər ɪn wɪʧ ˈhɛˌroʊənz gɪt drəŋk, stil, laɪ, kəˈmɪt ˈmərdər, ənd reɪz ˈɑrmiz, ˌɛnˈʤɔɪɪŋ ðɛmˈsɛlvz. ˈivɪn ɪn hər məˈʧʊr wərks, ʃi pərˈzɛnəd proʊˈtægənəsts dɪˈvɔɪd əv trəˈdɪʃənəli ““heroic”*” kˈwɑlətiz. noʊt hər ˈoʊpənɪŋ tɪ ˈæbi: noʊ wən hu hæd ˈɛvər sin ˈkæθərɪn ˈmɔrlənd ɪn hər ˈɪnfənsi wʊd hæv səˈpoʊzd hər bɔrn tɪ bi ən ˈhɛroʊən. ðə wər ɪn ˈʤɛnərəl ˈvɛri pleɪn, ənd ˈkæθərɪn ɛz pleɪn ɛz ˈɛni. ʃi hæd ə θɪn ˈɔkwərd ˈfɪgjər, ə skɪn wɪˈθaʊt ˈkələr, dɑrk læŋk hɛr, ənd strɔŋ ˈfiʧərz. ʃi wɑz mɔˈroʊvər ˈnɔɪzi ənd waɪld, ˈheɪtɪd kənˈfaɪnmənt ənd ˈklɛnlinɪs, ənd ləvd ˈnəθɪŋ soʊ wɛl ɪn ðə wərld ɛz ˈroʊlɪŋ daʊn ðə grin sloʊp æt ðə bæk əv ðə haʊs. ˈhəkəlˌbɛri fɪn maɪt hæv ˌɛnˈʤɔɪd ˈroʊlɪŋ daʊn ðə sloʊp wɪθ ˈkæθərɪn ˈmɔrlənd, ɪˈskeɪpɪŋ ənd ““sivilization,”*,” ɛz hək pʊt ɪt. ˈhɛˌroʊənz ər nɑt ɔl ““sadful,”*,” ˈiðər. ɪˈlɪzəbɪθ ˈbɛnɪt ədˈmɪts ɪn praɪd ənd ˈprɛʤədɪs, ˈdɪrli ləv ə læf. aɪ ˈnɛvər ˈrɪdəˌkjul wət ɪz waɪz ənd gʊd. ˈfɑliz ənd ˈnɑnsɛns, wɪmz ənd ˌɪŋˈkɑnsɪˌstɛnsiz du dɪˈvərt mi, aɪ oʊn, ənd aɪ læf æt ðɛm wɛˈnɛvər aɪ can.”*.” tweɪn ənd ˈɔstɪn wʊd hæv bɪn hɑrd prɛst tɪ ˌdɪˈsaɪd hu wɑz ðə mɔr ˌɪˈrɛvərənt əv ðə tu. boʊθ tʊk ɔn ˈklərʤiˌmɛn, ərˈɪstəˌkræts, ənd ““superiors”*” əv ɔl sɔrts, ðɛm ɪn ʤɪst ə fju aɪˈrɑnɪk wərdz. ˈɔstɪn əbˈzərvd əv səm ˈtidiəs ˈneɪbərz, wɑz ɛz ˈsɪvəl tɪ ðɛm ɛz ðɛr bæd brɛθ wʊd allow”*” ənd prəˈnaʊnst hər ˈklərʤiˌmæn ˈmɪstər. ˈkɑlɪnz ““favoured”*” wɪθ stuˈpɪdɪˌti. tweɪn ˈnoʊtɪd əv ə ˈklərʤiˌmæn, ʧɑrʤd ˈnəθɪŋ fər hɪz ˈpriʧɪŋ, ənd ɪt wɑz wərθ ɪt too,”*,” ənd hi kwɪpt ðət ˈdɑktərz nid bət tu θɪŋz: ˈɪgnərəns ənd ˈkɑnfədɛns. dɪˈspaɪt ðɛr poʊz ɛz ““mere”*” ˈkɑmɪk ˈraɪtərz, boʊθ bɪˈlivd ˈdipli ɪn ðə paʊər əv ðɛr ˈhjumər tɪ rɪˈvil ˈdipər truθs əˈbaʊt ˈjumən bɪˈheɪvjər. ˈɔstɪn ˈɑrgjud ɪn ˈæbi ðət ə wərk dɪsˈmɪst ɛz ə novel”*” wɑz ɪn fækt səm wərk ɪn wɪʧ ðə ˈgreɪtəst paʊərz əv ðə maɪnd ər dɪˈspleɪd, ɪn wɪʧ ðə moʊst θəroʊ ˈnɑlɪʤ əv ˈjumən ˈneɪʧər, ðə ˈhæpiəst dɪˌlɪniˈeɪʃən əv ɪts vərˈaɪətiz, ðə ˈlaɪvˌliəst əv wɪt ənd ˈhjumər ər kənˈveɪd tɪ ðə wərld ɪn ðə bɛst ˈʧoʊzən language.”*.” bət hər vɔɪs wʊd rɪˈmeɪn ˈkɑmɪk, ʃi ˌɪnˈsɪstɪd wɪn ə ˈklərʤiˌmæn æst hər tɪ ʧeɪnʤ hər staɪl: maɪ dɪr sər, ju ər ˈvɛri ˈvɛri kaɪnd ɪn jʊr hɪnts. [bət] aɪ kʊd nɑt sɪt ˈsɪriəsli daʊn tɪ raɪt .ˈəndər ˈɛni ˈəðər ˈmoʊtɪv ðən tɪ seɪv maɪ laɪf; ənd ɪf ɪt wər ˌɪndɪˈspɛnsəbəl fər mi tɪ kip ɪt əp ənd ˈnɛvər rɪˈlæks ˈɪntu ˈlæfɪŋ æt ˌmaɪˈsɛlf ər ˈəðər ˈpipəl, aɪ æm ʃʊr aɪ ʃʊd bi həŋ ˌbiˈfɔr aɪ hæd ˈfɪnɪʃt ðə fərst ˈʧæptər. ˈɔstɪn ɛndz ðə ˈlɛtər baɪ əˈsərtɪŋ, ““no*, aɪ məst kip tɪ maɪ oʊn staɪl ənd goʊ ɔn ɪn maɪ oʊn way.”*.” ɛz ˈseɪtən əbˈzərvz əˈbaʊt ðə ˈjumən reɪs ɪn mɑrk mɪˈstɪriəs stranger,”*,” ˈlæftər meɪ nɑt ˈoʊnli bi ɪts bɛst ˈmɛdəsən bət ɪts bɛst ˈwɛpən: jʊr reɪs, ɪn ɪts ˈpɑvərti, həz ənkˈwɛsʧənəbli wən ˈrɪli ˈifɛktɪv weapon—laughter*. paʊər, ˈməni, pərsˈweɪʒən, supplication*, kən lɪft æt ə kəˈlɑsəl ˈhəmˌbəg bət ˈoʊnli ˈlæftər kən bloʊ ɪt tɪ rægz ənd ˈætəmz æt ə blæst. əˈgɛnst ðə əˈsɔlt əv ˈlæftər ˈnəθɪŋ kən stænd. ju ər ˈɔlˌweɪz ˈfəsɪŋ ənd ˈfaɪtɪŋ wɪθ jʊr ˈəðər ˈwɛpənz. du ju ˈɛvər juz ðət wən? noʊ; ju liv ɪt laɪɪŋ ˈrəstɪŋ. ɛz ə reɪs, du ju ˈɛvər juz ɪt æt ɔl? noʊ; ju læk sɛns ənd ðə courage.”*.” boʊθ tweɪn ənd ˈɔstɪn hæd ðə ənd ðə courage”*” tɪ juz ˈhjumər tɪ əˈtæk ðə humbug”*” ðeɪ əbˈzərvd əraʊnd ðɛm. tweɪn ˈnoʊtɪd, kip ˈluzɪŋ ɔl ðə greɪt ˈɔθərz. ˈʧɔsər ɪz dɛd, soʊ ɪz ˈʃeɪkˌspir, soʊ ɪz ˈmɪltən. ənd nɑt ˈfilɪŋ ˈvɛri wɛl myself.”*.” tweɪn ənd ˈɔstɪn boʊθ bɪˈlɔŋ ɪn ðət ˈpænθiˌɑn əv ðə greɪt ˈɔθərz, pərˈhæps ˈwɪŋkɪŋ æt iʧ ˈəðər wɪn ðeɪ θɪŋk noʊ wən ɪz ˈlʊkɪŋ. austen”*” baɪ mɑrk tweɪn, wɪʧ ɪz kˈwoʊtɪd ɪn ɪts ɪnˈtaɪərti ɪn ðɪs ˈɑrtɪkəl, ɪz ˈkɑpiˌraɪt 1999 baɪ ˈrɪʧərd ə. ˈwɑtsən ənd ʧeɪs mænˈhætən bæŋk ɛz ˌtrəˈstiz əv ðə mɑrk tweɪn faʊnˈdeɪʃən, wɪʧ rɪˈzərvz ɔl ˌriprəˈdəkʃən ər ˌdræmətəˈzeɪʃən raɪts ɪn ˈɛvəri ˈmidiəm. ɪt ɪz ˈpəblɪʃt hir wɪθ ðə pərˈmɪʃən əv ðə ˌjunəˈvərsəti əv ˌkæləˈfɔrnjə prɛs ənd ˈrɑbərt eɪʧ. hərst, ˈʤɛnərəl ˈɛdɪtər əv ðə mɑrk tweɪn ˈprɑʤɛkt.
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“whenever i take up pride and prejudice or sense and sensibility, i feel like a barkeeper entering the kingdom of heaven. . . . jane austen . . .makes me detest all her people, without reserve. —from mark twain’s “jane austen,” an unpublished, incomplete fragment
mark twain expressed unparalleled hatred of jane austen, defining an ideal library as one with none of her books on its shelves. “just that one omission alone would make a fairly good library out of a library that hadn’t a book in it,” twain insisted in following the equator. did mark twain genuinely detest jane austen? or was the bushy-eyebrowed, irascible twain merely posing?
in his extensive correspondence with fellow author and critic william dean howells, mark twain seemed to enjoy venting his literary spleen on jane austen precisely because he knew her to be howells’ favorite author, in 1909 twain wrote that “jane austin” [sic] was “entirely impossible” and that he could not read her prose even if paid a salary to do so. howells notes in my mark twain (1910) that in fiction twain “had certain distinct loathings; there were certain authors whose names he seemed not so much to pronounce as to spew out of his mouth.”
his prime abhorrence was my dear and honored prime favorite, jane austen. he once said to me, i suppose after he had been reading some of my unsparing praise of her—i am always praising her, “you seem to think that woman could write,” and he forbore withering me with his scorn, apparently because we had been friends so long and he more pitied than hated me for my bad taste.
rather than pitying twain when he was sick, howells threatened to come and read pride and prejudice to him.
twain marveled that austen had been allowed to die a natural death rather than face execution for her literary crimes. “her books madden me so that i can’t conceal my frenzy,” twain observed, apparently viewing an austen novel as a book which “once you put it down you simply can’t pick it up.” yet one becomes suspicious of twain’s supposedly frenzied loathing when he confesses that he likes to reread jane austen’s novels just so he can hate them all over again. in a letter to joseph twichell in 1898, twain fumed, “i have to stop every time i begin. everytime i read “pride and prejudice” i want to dig her up and beat her over the skull with her own shin-bone.”
twain obviously enjoyed taking verbal pot shots at “classic” authors. in his famous essay “fenimore cooper’s literary offenses,” twain lambasted cooper for scoring “114 offenses against literary art out of a possible 115” and committing “a crime against the language” through his stilted diction and sentimentalized characterizations. perhaps twain planned a similar essay to pillory the much-praised jane austen: an incomplete and unpublished fragment called “jane austen” is now housed in the mark twain papers at the university of california-berkeley library. why might twain have become uncomfortable with a vitriolic attack on the “impossible jane austin”? could it be that he found too much common ground?
“jane austen” opens with the unforgettable image of the uncouth twain entering the polite parlor-room society of jane austen’s novels:
whenever i take up “pride and prejudice” or “sense and sensibility,” i feel like a barkeeper entering the kingdom of heaven. i mean, i feel as he would probably feel, would almost certainly feel. i am quite sure i know what his sensations would be—and his private comments. he would be certain to curl his lip, as those ultra-good presbyterians went filing self-complacently along. be- cause he considered himself better than they? not at all. they would not be to his taste—that is all.
twain’s barkeeper has no taste for the stifling, “ultra-good” (and ultra self-righteous) world of sunday school.
like huckleberry finn dying to escape the parlor and head out for the river, twain imagines his cantankerous barkeeper unable to abide the polite ladies and gentlemen in austen’s novels. “he would not want to associate with them; he would not like their gait, their style, their ways; their talk would enrage him.”
at the same time, twain’s barkeeper suspects his lack of appreciation might reveal some cultural failing.
yet he would be secretly ashamed of himself, secretly angry with himself that this was so. why? because barkeepers are like everybody else—it humiliates them to find that there are fine things, great things, admirable things, which others can perceive and they can’t.
the barkeeper would “brace up” for another attack on austen’s novels:
what would the barkeeper do next? give it up and go down below, where his own kind are? no, not yet. he would wander out into the solitudes and take a long rest; then he would brace up and attack the proposition again, saying to himself, “others have found the secret charm that is in those presbyterians, therefore it must be a fact, and not an illusion; i will try again; what those others have found, i can find.” so he tries again. does he succeed? no. because he has not educated his taste yet, he has not reformed his taste, his taste remains as it was before, and the thing involved is purely a matter of taste: he will not be able to enjoy those presbyterians until he has learned to admire them.
although twain notes “jane austen’s characters are not presbyterians, and i am not a barkeeper,” he deleted that passage from the essay, perhaps not wanting to relinquish the parallels he saw between himself and his low-brow but persevering barkeeper.
just as twain had quipped that it is easy to quit smoking—he had done it many times—so he jokes in “jane austen” that austen’s novels are easier to start than to finish:
does jane austen do her work too remorselessly well? for me, i mean? maybe that is it. she makes me detest all her people, without reserve. is that her intention? it is not believable. then is it her purpose to make the reader detest her people up to the middle of the book and like them in the rest of the chapters? that could be. that would be high art. it would be worth while, too. some day i will examine the other end of her books and see.
twain admits that “all the great critics praise her art generously” for her supposed gift of characterization. “to start with, they say she draws her characters with sharp discrimination and a sure touch. i believe that this is true, as long as the characters she is drawing are odious.”
then the essay takes a sudden turn, switching from general anti-austen invective to a consideration of sense and sensibility— or rather, the beginning of sense and sensibility! twain remarks, “i am doing “sense and sensibility” now, and have accomplished the first third of it—not for the first time.” he then parses the characters one by one, demonstrating surprising perception. he starts with marianne dashwood, the emotional heroine with greater sensibility than sense:
to my mind, marianne is not attractive; i am sure i should not care for her, in actual life. i suppose she was intended to be unattractive.
indeed, twain and austen share a discomfort with unbridled sentimentality. austen describes marianne as “eager in everything,” possessing an “excess of. . .sensibility” in which “her sorrows, her joys, could have no moderation.” when upset, marianne “court[s] misery” and wallows in her grief, “seeking increase of wretchedness in every reflection that could afford it” and indulging in “melancholy remembrances.” “i must feel—i must be wretched,” marianne gushes in her “effusion of sorrow” and “nourishment of grief,” perhaps foreshadowing twain’s emmeline grangerford, the young poet of huckleberry finn who “could write about anything you
choose to give her to write about, just so it was sadful.” like twain, austen mocked heroines too busy heaving their bosoms to act rationally. “one fatal swoon has cost me my life,” exclaims one hyperventilating heroine of a burlesque austen wrote as a teenager, “beware of swoons, dear laura . . . run mad as often as you chuse; but do not faint.” because marianne of sense and sensibility waxes poetic and melancholic (“and you, ye well-known trees!”), she has little time to help others around her—or herself.
twain then turns his withering gaze on marianne’s sensible older sister, elinor, and the man she will eventually marry, edward ferrars.
edward ferrars has fallen in love with elinor, and she with him; the justification of this may develop later, but thus far there is no way to account for it; for, thus far, elinor is a wax figure and edward a shadow, and how could such manufactures as these warm up and feel a passion.
twain correctly notes that both edward and elinor are reserved in nature, governing their emotions rather than wearing them openly, like marianne. even elinor admits of edward, “there was, at times, a want of spirits about him,”
a comparison of a typical edward ferrars sentence with one of huck finn’s may shed light on twain’s coldness toward austen’s “hero”:
edward: “you have not been able, then, to bring your sister over to your plan of general civility.” huck: “i clumb up the shed . . . and i was dog-tired.”
twain not surprisingly considered the oxford-educated mother-dominated edward ferrars a milquetoast.
twain’s essay continues his analysis of edward and his relationships:
edward is an unpleasant shadow, because he has discarded his harmless waxwork and engaged himself to lucy steele, who is coarse, ignorant, vicious, brainless, heartless, a flatterer, a sneak— and is described by the supplanted waxwork as being “a woman superior in person and understanding to half her sex;” and “time and habit will teach edward to forget that he ever thought another superior to her.” elinor knows lucy quite well. are those sentimental falsities put into her mouth to make us think she is a noble and magnanimous waxwork, and thus exalt her in our estimation? and do they do it?
here suspicion turns to surmise. although twain had boasted earlier in “jane austen” that he was doing “the first third” of sense and sensibility and not for the first time, he quotes here from the final third of her three-volume novel.
was mark twain a closet janeite, a fake who read and appreciated far more of jane austen than he admitted?
twain shows his understanding of austen through his apt description of lucy steele as “coarse, ignorant, vicious, brainless, heartless, a flatterer, and a sneak.” despite his usual admiration for down-to-earth speech and manners, twain clearly does not prefer the uneducated, “ignorant and illiterate” lucy with her bad grammar and “want of real elegance” to the well-bred dashwood sisters. lucy’s “insincerity” and “artfulness” make her vicious—for both austen and twain.
for marianne’s tormentor, the smooth-talking willoughby who leads her on while planning marriage to an heiress, twain has nothing but censure: “willoughby is a frankly cruel, criminal and filthy society-gentleman.” like austen, twain scorned those whose gentlemanly appearance masked an inhuman, hollow core. just as austen had made the powerful, socially superior lady catherine de bourgh the least admirable character in pride and prejudice, so twain had no truck with aristocracy by birth rather than by behavior, scornfully observing that the russian emperor sneezes just like anybody else. in sense and sensibility, the lady catherine equivalent is edward’s haughty and malicious mother, mrs. ferrars: twain concludes, “old mrs. ferrars is an execrable gentlewoman and unsurpassably coarse and offensive.”
for his remaining character notes, twain adds the label “gentleman” or “lady,” followed by “coarse,” as if to endorse austen’s scathing indictment of the upper classes:
mr. dashwood, gentleman, is a coarse and cold-hearted money-worshipper; his fanny is coarse and mean. neither of them ever says or does a pleasant thing. mr. robert ferrars, gentleman, is coarse, is a snob, and an all-round offensive person. mr. palmer, gentleman, is coarse, brute-mannered, and probably an ass, though we cannot tell, yet, because he cloaks himself behind silences which are not often broken by speeches that contain material enough to construct an analysis out of. his wife, lady, is coarse and silly. lucy steele’s sister is coarse, foolish, and disagreeable.
by this point, twain has reiterated the word “coarse” for eight characters. one might have assumed that twain would embrace coarseness—the rough crudeness he seemed to cultivate in remarks such as “if i can’t swear in heaven i won’t stay there”—but here he equates the term with general meanness and the crass money-mindedness of austen’s schemers.
austen would hardly dispute twain’s spluttering character analyses. john and fanny dashwood are indeed coarse, mean, cold-hearted money-worshippers who refuse to share their inheritance with relatives. should they give 3000 pounds away? no, they decide. they selfishly talk the initial sum down to nothing but occasional “presents of fish and game.” as fanny observes when quashing the idea of a yearly donation to her husband’s widowed stepmother, “people always live forever when there is any annuity to be paid them.”
robert ferrars possesses “emptiness and conceit,” austen tells us, and perhaps she and twain would agree that he deserves to marry (as he does) the equally offensive lucy steele.
rather than celebrating mr. palmer’s bad manners, twain senses his brutishness and the horror of the palmers’ loveless marriage. austen observed of the dourly anti-social mr. palmer, “his temper might perhaps be a little soured by finding, like many others of his sex, that through some unaccountable bias in favour of beauty, he was the husband of a very silly woman.” mr. palmer responds to his marriage to a brainless woman by retreating behind his newspaper, putting it down only to utter contemptuous comments about everyone, particularly his wife. twain echoes austen’s description of mrs. palmer as “silly” and pronounces her husband “an ass.” (austen runs mr. palmer through more politely but with a sharper rapier as a man of “studied indifference, insolence, and discontent.”)
last on twain’s character list in “jane austen” is lucy steele’s fawningly affected sister, dismissed as “coarse, foolish, and disagreeable” (and no lady) by both twain and austen.
and there, with his complaint about the disagreeable miss steele, twain’s essay abruptly ends. did he leave the essay unfinished because, like his barkeeper, he had been defeated in his attempt to appreciate jane austen? or was it (i would argue) that he could no longer reconcile his virile desire to disparage austen with the fact that he actually “got” her? i suspect that he was afraid that admitting honestly to reaching the final parts of sense and sensibility would be unmasculine, like confessing he admired ballet or played the flute.
if twain were alive today, would he maintain his image by grumbling malevolently about jane austen’s status as “the woman of the year”? if twain continued his anti-austen pose, he would find plenty of company among contemporary american male humorists. while working on a series about jane austen for national public radio satellite distribution featuring margaret drabble and a cadre of other distinguished austen scholars and admirers, i turned for comic relief to two institutions of american humor—andy rooney and dave barry—and heard echoes of twain.
from his office ats’s “60 minutes,” rooney made it clear to me that he had a decided twainish prejudice against austen:
what do i think of jane austen? almost nothing, i’m afraid. i’ve never read anything she wrote and don’t feel any great void where knowledge of her work would be. jane austen has not been chosen by me as someone i deliberately wish to be ignorant of; i just never got at reading pride and prejudice or sense and sensibility. they seemed to be the bobbsey twins for grownups.
rooney admitted he had not read anything by “evelyn bronte” either (have any of us?).
humorist dave barry of the miami herald expressed sorrow at learning that austen had not written wuthering heights (“that was my one shot at reading a jane austen book”). i asked him what image comes into his mind when he hears the name jane austen.
well, i picture all these movies that i don’t go to—that’s the main image—with that all-star emma thompson, who i’m sure is a wonderful actress. i’m looking at the multiplex and i’m almost going to go into that movie with emma thompson and then right next door there’s a movie where arnold schwarzenegger crashes a jet ski into a helicopter and i think that’s probably more along my line of thinking, so i never quite get to those jane austen movies.
barry chastised rooney for dismissing pride and prejudice and sense and sensibility, noting, “i don’t understand why he would criticize two books he had not personally read, so i can’t say i would agree with him,” instead, barry concluded, “everyone should read everything she ever wrote and then tell me about it so i don’t personally have to.” like twain, who boasted “i don’t know anything about anything, and never did,” barry and rooney seem to celebrate their philistinism—particularly in regard to women writers.
how unfortunate that jane austen (1775—1817) died two decades before the birth of mark twain (1835—1910). what might she have said (ironically, no doubt) of him? what if the two had met on one of twain’s trips to europe? ushered into her presence in rural hampshire, would twain have felt like a barkeeper entering the kingdom of heaven?
thinking of twain, the irrepressible american riverboat pilot, and austen, the tea-drinking maiden aunt, i’m reminded of bogart and hepburn in the film classic the african queen. charlie, the unshaven, boorish pilot of the african queen, shares twain’s delight in cigars, alcohol, freedom, and laxity, noting “never do today what you can put off till tomorrow” (much as twain quipped “do not put off till tomorrow what can be put off till day-after-tomorrow just as well”). like twain in the company of austen’s gentlemen and ladies, charlie seems hilariously out of place at high tea with rosie and her reverend brother. both look at charlie in pained but elegant silence as his stomach growls uncontrollably. charlie may be natural, but as rosie disdainfully observes, “nature is what we’re put in this world to rise above.”
the dislike is mutual: charlie scorns the “skinny old maid” rosie and her world of propriety and sobriety. he feels much like the “cramped up” huckleberry finn:
the widow douglas . . . allowed she would sivilize me; but it was rough living in the house all the time, considering how dismal regular and decent the widow was in all her ways; and so when i couldn’t stand it no longer, i lit out.
but charlie and rosie “light out” together—and the results are surprising. weeks together in a boat strip away layers of seemingly insurmountable cultural differences—not to mention the layers of rosie’s starched, high-necked lacy gown. charlie and rosie discover a common zest for life.
could not twain and austen be seen as such an odd couple? i believe jane austen would have enjoyed mark twain’s pair of stories called “the good little boy” and “the bad little boy.” overturning moralistic sunday school stories, twain’s superhumanly, ridiculously good little boy meets with a miserable death, while his bad little boy winds up rich and with a seat in the legislature. austen had commented in a letter, “pictures of perfection . . .make me sick and wicked.” overturning conduct books advising girls to be pious, submissive, and ladylike, austen wrote sketches as a teenager in which heroines get drunk, steal, lie, commit murder, and raise armies, enjoying themselves. even in her mature works, she presented protagonists devoid of traditionally “heroic” qualities. note her opening to northanger abbey:
no one who had ever seen catherine morland in her infancy would have supposed her born to be an heroine. . . . the morlands . . . were in general very plain, and catherine . . . as plain as any. she had a thin awkward figure, a sallow skin without colour, dark lank hair, and strong features. . . she was moreover noisy and wild, hated confinement and cleanliness, and loved nothing so well in the world as rolling down the green slope at the back of the house.
huckleberry finn might have enjoyed rolling down the slope with catherine morland, escaping “confinement and cleanliness”—or “sivilization,” as huck put it. austen’s heroines are not all “sadful,” either. elizabeth bennet admits in pride and prejudice, “i dearly love a laugh. i never ridicule what is wise and good. follies and nonsense, whims and inconsistencies do divert me, i own, and i laugh at them whenever i can.”
twain and austen would have been hard pressed to decide who was the more irreverent of the two. both took on clergymen, aristocrats, and “superiors” of all sorts, skewering them in just a few ironic words. austen observed of some tedious neighbors, “i was as civil to them as their bad breath would allow” and pronounced her clergyman mr. collins “favoured” with stupidity. twain noted of a clergyman, “he charged nothing for his preaching, and it was worth it too,” and he quipped that doctors need but two things: ignorance and confidence.
despite their pose as “mere” comic writers, both believed deeply in the power of their humor to reveal deeper truths about human behavior. austen argued in northanger abbey that a work dismissed as “only a novel” was in fact “only some work in which the greatest powers of the mind are displayed, in which the most thorough knowledge of human nature, the happiest delineation of its varieties, the liveliest effusions of wit and humour are conveyed to the world in the best chosen language.” but her voice would remain comic, she insisted when a clergyman asked her to change her style:
my dear sir, you are very very kind in your hints. . . [but] i could not sit seriously down to write . . .under any other motive than to save my life; and if it were indispensable for me to keep it up and never relax into laughing at myself or other people, i am sure i should be hung before i had finished the first chapter.
austen ends the letter by asserting, “no, i must keep to my own style and go on in my own way.”
as satan observes about the human race in mark twain’s “the mysterious stranger,” laughter may not only be its best medicine but its best weapon:
“for your race, in its poverty, has unquestionably one really effective weapon—laughter. power, money, persuasion, supplication, persecution—these can lift at a colossal humbug but only laughter can blow it to rags and atoms at a blast. against the assault of laughter nothing can stand. you are always fussing and fighting with your other weapons. do you ever use that one? no; you leave it lying rusting. as a race, do you ever use it at all? no; you lack sense and the courage.”
both twain and austen had the “sense and the courage” to use humor to attack the “colossal humbug” they observed around them.
twain noted, “we keep losing all the world’s great authors. chaucer is dead, so is shakespeare, so is milton. and i’m not feeling very well myself.” twain and austen both belong in that pantheon of the world’s great authors, perhaps winking at each other when they think no one is looking.
“jane austen” by mark twain, which is quoted in its entirety in this article, is copyright 1999 by richard a. watson and chase manhattan bank as trustees of the mark twain foundation, which reserves all reproduction or dramatization rights in every medium. it is published here with the permission of the university of california press and robert h. hirst, general editor of the mark twain project.
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ðə ˈigəlz əˈnaʊnst təˈdeɪ ðət ðeɪv hæv riˈlist asomugha*, ʤɪst 2 jɪrz ˈæftər ðə ˈfɔrmər ɔl proʊ saɪnd ə 5 jɪr, 60 ˈmɪljən dil. "koʊʧ ˈkɛli ənd aɪ iʧ hæd ə ʧæns tɪ spik wɪθ ˈərliər ənd hi tʊk ðə nuz wɪθ ə lɔt əv klæs," sɛd ˈigəlz ˈʤɛnərəl ˈmænɪʤər haʊi ˈroʊzmən. "wi ɪkˈspɛktɪd ˈnəθɪŋ lɛs ðən ðət frəm ɪm. hi həz bɪn ə tru proʊ ɔn ənd ɔf ðə fild fər ðɪs ˌɔrgənəˈzeɪʃən ənd ɑr kəmˈjunɪti ənd wi wɪʃ ɪm ɔl ðə bɛst ɛz hi kənˈtɪnjuz hɪz ˈɛˌnɛˈfɛl kərɪr. wi spoʊk tɪ hɪz ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnətɪvz æt ðə ˈkɑmbaɪn əˈbaʊt hɪz fˈjuʧər ˈstætəs wɪθ ðə tim ənd ˈwɔntɪd tɪ teɪk taɪm tɪ ˈænəˌlaɪz ənd meɪk ə dɪˈsɪʒən. ɪn ðə ɛnd, koʊʧ ənd aɪ boʊθ fɛlt wi ˈnidɪd tɪ muv ɪn ə ˈdɪfərənt dɪˈrɛkʃɪn æt ðə ˈkɔrnərˌbæk pəˈzɪʃən fər 2013 ənd bɪɔnd." ðə ˈfɔrmər saɪnd wɪθ ðə ˈigəlz ɔn ðə fərst deɪ əv fri ˈeɪʤənsi ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə ˈsəmər əv 2011 soʊ ɪts ˈfɪtɪŋ ðət hi wʊd bi kət ɔn ðə fərst deɪ əv fri ˈeɪʤənsi ɪn 2013 əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ rɪˈpɔrts ðə ˈtaɪmɪŋ əv ðə muv wɪl əˈlaʊ ðə ˈigəlz tɪ əˈvɔɪd ə kæp hɪt ənd wɪl əˈlaʊ ðɛm tɪ rɪˈkup 11 ˈmɪljən ɪn kæp speɪs. ˈɛstəˌmeɪtɪd ˈtoʊtəlz fər ðə ˈigəlz kæp ər naʊ əraʊnd 44 ˈmɪljən ʤɪst ˈmɪnəts ˌbiˈfɔr ðə stɑrt əv ðə ˈænjuəl ˈʃɑpɪŋ spri. "əm ˈvɛri ˈgreɪtfəl fər maɪ taɪm ɪn ˌfɪləˈdɛlfiə ənd aɪ wɔnt tɪ θæŋk ðə ˈigəlz ˌɔrgənəˈzeɪʃən fər ðə ˌɑpərˈtunəti tɪ pleɪ hir," sɛd asomugha*. "ɪt wɑz ən ˈɑnər tɪ pleɪ ɪn səʧ ə greɪt ˈfʊtˌbɔl ˈsɪti wɪθ səʧ ə ˈpæʃənət fæn beɪs, ənd aɪ wɪʃ maɪ ˈfɔrmər ˈtimˌmeɪts ənd ˈkoʊʧɪz ðə bɛst nɛkst ˈsizən." ðɪs həz bɪn ə lɔŋ taɪm ˈkəmɪŋ ənd aɪ æm ʃʊr ðɛr ər səm ðət ər bəmd baɪ ðɪs muv, bət aɪ daʊt ðɛr ər ə lɔt əv ˈpipəl ɪn ðət kæmp. həz dɛlt wɪθ ˈsɛvərəl wɪrd nuz ˈklɪpɪŋz ɛz əv leɪt ˈwɛðər ɪt bi əˈbaʊt hɪz rəʃ tɪ pɔɪnt ˈfɪŋgərz æt ˈtiˌmeɪt ər hɪz ənˈjuˌʒuəl lənʧ ˈhæbəts, bət naʊ hi ɪz noʊ ˈlɔŋgər ðə ˈigəlz ˈprɑbləm. səm seɪ ðə bɛst ˈmɛsɪʤɪz ər ʃɔrt bət swit soʊ aɪ liv ju wɪθ ðɪs: ˈviə haʊ du ju fil raɪt naʊ? mɔr ˈigəlz fri ˈeɪʤənt nuz ʧɪp ˈkɛli, haʊi ˈroʊzmən ənd ʤɛf ˈlʊri ɔl wɛnt tɪ ˈvɪzɪt ˈʤinoʊ smɪθ fər ə ˈpraɪvət ˈwərˌkaʊt ˈmənˌdeɪ ˈigəlz ɪn ɔn ˈlændri ˈigəlz ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪd ɪn ˈreɪdərz ˈdɛzmənd braɪənt ˈigəlz rɪˈpɔrtədli əˈməŋ "ˈfaɪnəl fɔr" fər ˈgoʊldsən
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the eagles announced today that they've have released cb nnamdi asomugha, just 2 years after the former all pro signed a 5 year, $60 million deal.
"coach kelly and i each had a chance to speak with nnamdi earlier and he took the news with a lot of class," said eagles general manager howie roseman. "we expected nothing less than that from him. he has been a true pro on and off the field for this organization and our community and we wish him all the best as he continues his nfl career. we spoke to his representatives at the combine about his future status with the team and wanted to take time to analyze and make a decision. in the end, coach and i both felt we needed to move in a different direction at the cornerback position for 2013 and beyond."
the former all-pro signed with the eagles on the first day of free agency during the summer of 2011, so it's fitting that he would be cut on the first day of free agency in 2013. according to reports the timing of the move will allow the eagles to avoid a cap hit and will allow them to recoup $11 million in cap space. estimated totals for the eagles cap are now around $44 million just minutes before the start of the annual nfl-wide shopping spree.
"i'm very grateful for my time in philadelphia and i want to thank the eagles organization for the opportunity to play here," said asomugha. "it was an honor to play in such a great football city with such a passionate fan base, and i wish my former teammates and coaches the best next season."
this has been a long time coming and i am sure there are some that are bummed by this move, but i doubt there are a lot of people in that camp. nnamdi has dealt with several weird news clippings as of late whether it be about his rush to point fingers at teammate or his unusual lunch habits, but now he is no longer the eagles problem.
some say the best messages are short but sweet so i leave you with this:
via t2.gstatic.com
how do you feel right now?
more eagles free agent news
chip kelly, howie roseman and jeff lurie all went to visit geno smith for a private workout monday
eagles in on laron landry
eagles interested in raiders dt desmond bryant
eagles reportedly among "final four" for dashon goldson
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ˈfɛdərəl ˈeɪʤənts ər ˈkərəntli kənˈdəktɪŋ ˈsərʧɪz ɪn ðə ˈvɪlɪʤ əv ˌkɪˈrjɑs ʤoʊəl ɪn ˈɔrɪnʤ ˈkaʊnti, nu jɔrk. ə ˈspoʊksˌwʊmən fər ðə ˈɛfˈbiˈaɪ kənˈfərmd ən ˈɔnˌgoʊɪŋ sərʧ bət dɪˈklaɪnd tɪ ˈkɑmɛnt ˈfərðər. [ˈəpˌdeɪts bɪˈloʊ.] #ˈɛfˈbiˈaɪ ənd ˈɔrɪnʤ ˈkaʊnti ˈʃɛrɪf ˈɛksəˌkjutɪŋ sərʧ ˈwɔrənts æt ˈpəblɪk ˈseɪfti sər (@sir_casticus*) meɪ 12 2016 ðə ˈpərpəs əv ðə reɪdz ɪz ɛz jɛt ənˈklɪr. əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ rɪˈpɔrts frəm ðə sin ɔn tˈwɪtər, əˈbaʊt 15 ˈɛfˈbiˈaɪ ˈeɪʤənts ˈɛnərd ðə juˈnaɪtɪd əˈkædəmi, ə ˈloʊkəl jɪˈʃivə, ˈʃɔrtli ˈæftər a.m*. əˈkəmpənid baɪ ə ˈloʊkəl ˈʃɛrɪf ənd ˈeɪʤənts frəm ðə ˈsəlɪvən ˈkaʊnti ˈdiˈeɪz ˈɔfəs. nuz 12 rɪˈpɔrts ðət ðə ˈeɪʤənts ər ˈɔlsoʊ ˈɛksəˌkjutɪŋ sərʧ ˈwɔrənts æt ðə ˈvɪlɪʤɪz ˈpəblɪk ˈseɪfti ˈbɪldɪŋ. læst wik, ðə ˈʤərnəl nuz ˌriˈpɔrtəd ðət pəˈlis wər ˌɪnˈvɛstəˌgeɪtɪŋ ə ˈvɪdioʊ əˈlɛʤədli ʃoʊɪŋ ðə ˈprɪnsəpəl əv juˈnaɪtɪd əˈkædəmi ˈkɪsɪŋ ə jəŋ ˈstudənt. ðə ˈvɪdioʊ wɑz ˈwaɪdli ˈsərkjəˌleɪtɪd ɔn ənd ˈfeɪsˌbʊk. əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ðə nuz, ðə ˌənˈkət ˈvərʒən ʃoʊz ə bɔɪ ˈstændɪŋ bɪtˈwin ə mænz lɛgz ɛz hi stroʊks ðə bɔɪz feɪs ənd ˈkɪsɪz ɪm. steɪt pəˈlis kənˈfərmd ðət ðeɪ hæd ðə ˈvɪdioʊ ənd wər ˈlʊkɪŋ ˈɪntu ðə ˈɪnsədənt, bət ˈɔrɪnʤ ˈkaʊnti ʧif əˈsɪstənt ˈdɪstrɪkt əˈtərni ˈkrɪstəfər ˈbɔrɪk wʊd nɑt kənˈfərm ən ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃən. "ˈɛθɪkəl rulz proʊˈhɪbət ˈjuˈɛs frəm ˈkɑmɛntɪŋ ɔn spɪˈsɪfɪk ˌæləˈgeɪʃənz ənˈtɪl ər ənˈlɛs ˈʧɑrʤɪz ər ˈpəblɪkli faɪld ɪn ə kɔrt," ə ˈspoʊkspərsən fər ðə ˈdiˈeɪ toʊld ˈfɔrwərd. ðə skul ˈɪʃud ə ˈsteɪtmənt ˈtuzˌdeɪ, dɪˈnaɪɪŋ ˈɛni kraɪm. "waɪl ðɪs taɪp əv rɪˈstreɪnt meɪ bi ˌənækˈsɛptəbəl tɪ səm vjuərz, ɪt ɪn noʊ weɪ ˈraɪzɪz tɪ ðə ˈlɛvəl əv ə ˈkrɪmənəl əˈsɔlt," ðə bɔrd əv dɪˈrɛktərz sɛd. aɪ æm ˈhɛdɪŋ tɪ ˌkɪˈrjɑs ʤoʊəl wɛr ˈɛfˈbiˈaɪ ɪz əˈpɛrəntli ˈsizɪŋ ˈrɛkərdz, ˈpɑsəbli fər kəmˈpjutər tɛk proʊb laɪk ɪn stiv ˈlibərmən (@lohudlegal*) meɪ 12 2016 ɪn mɑrʧ, skulz ɪn ˌkɪˈrjɑs ʤoʊəl wər ˈtɑrgətɪd ɛz pɑrt əv ə ˈlɑrʤər ˈɛfˈbiˈaɪ reɪd fər pruf ðət ˈgəvərnmənt ˈməni ˈæləˌkeɪtɪd fər tɛkˈnɑləʤi ɪkˈwɪpmənt ɪn ˈloʊkəl skulz θru ðə ˈproʊˌgræm hæd ˈæˌkʧuəli bɪn spɛnt ɛz ˈmænˌdeɪtɪd, ɔn ˈsərvərz, ˈwaɪrɪŋ ənd ˈɪntərˌnɛt ˌɪnstəˈleɪʃən. ʤuɪʃ nuz ˈaʊˌtlɛts hæv ˈrisəntli reɪzd kˈwɛsʧənz əˈbaʊt ðə juz əv ˈfɛdərəl tɛkˈnɑləʤi fəndz ɪn skulz ənd ˈlaɪbrɛˌriz, sɪns ˈmɛni əv ðiz skulz proʊˈhɪbət ðɛr ˈstudənts frəm ˈjuzɪŋ ðə ˈɪntərˌnɛt. ðə ˈproʊˌgræm ˌriɪmˈbərsɪz əp tɪ 90 əv ðə kɔst əv ˈsərvər ənd ˈwaɪrɪŋ ˌɪnstəˈleɪʃən ɪn skulz wɛr æt list θri kˈwɔrtərz əv ðə ˈstudənts ər ˈɛlɪʤəbəl fər fri lənʧ. ˌkɪˈrjɑs ʤoʊəl ɪz ˈgəvərnd ənd ˌprɪˈdɑmənənˌtli ˈpɑpjəˌleɪtəd baɪ ðə həˈsɪdɪk sɛkt. ˈfɔrwərd rɪˈpɔrts ðət ðə ˈvɪlɪʤɪz ˈlidər, ˈræˌbaɪ ˈɛrən ˈtaɪtəlbaʊm, həz bɪn ɪn ˈkɑnflɪkt wɪθ hɪz ˈbrəðər, ˈræˌbaɪ ˈzɑlmən ˈtaɪtəlbaʊm, fər jɪrz. ˈzɑlmən lidz ə kəmˈjunɪti ɪn ˈbrʊklɪn. əˈtərni ˈdɑnəld ˈnɪkɔl ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnts ðə ˈsɪti ˈgəvərnmənt əv ˌkɪˈrjɑs ʤoʊəl, ənd toʊld ˈjuˈɛs baɪ foʊn ɔn ˈθərzˌdeɪ ðət hi wɑz nɑt əp tɪ spid ɔn ˈtudeɪz reɪdz, ˈstrɛsɪŋ ðət ðeɪ dɪd nɑt ˌɪnˈvɑlv hɪz klaɪənt. "aɪ doʊnt noʊ ˈɛniˌθɪŋ əˈbaʊt ˈɛni reɪdz," hi sɛd. "aɪ ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnt ðə ˈvɪlɪʤ ˈgəvərnmənt. ˈpipəl tɛnd tɪ ləmp ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ təˈgɛðər ɪn ˌkɪˈrjɑs ʤoʊəl sɪns ɪts ə juˈnik kəmˈjunɪti, bət ˌkɪˈrjɑs ʤoʊəl həz gʊd ˈpipəl ənd bæd ˈpipəl ʤɪst laɪk ˈɛni ˈəðər taʊn." ðɪs ˈstɔri ɪz dɪˈvɛləpɪŋ; wɪl ˈəpˌdeɪt wɪθ əˈdɪʃənəl ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən. #ˈɛfˈbiˈaɪ ənd ˈʃɛrɪf sin ˈaʊtˈsaɪd ðə skul ˈbɪldɪŋ. ˌsɪʧuˈeɪʃən ənˈnoʊn æt ðɪs taɪm. (@kjheadquarters*) meɪ 12 2016 [ˈəpˌdeɪt:] rɪˈpɔrtərz ɔn ðə sin ər ˈdɑkjəmənɪŋ ðə rɪˈmuvəl əv ˈdɑkjəmənts ənd ˈfaɪlɪŋ ˈkæbənəts frəm. ðə ˈɛfˈbiˈaɪ həz jɛt tɪ riˈlis ə ˈsteɪtmənt.
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federal agents are currently conducting searches in the ultra-orthodox village of kiryas joel in orange county, new york. a spokeswoman for the fbi confirmed an ongoing search but declined to comment further. [updates below.]
#fbi and orange county sheriff executing search warrants at #kiryasjoel public safety pic.twitter.com/h0g7bvgddy sir casticus (@sir_casticus) may 12, 2016
the purpose of the raids is as yet unclear. according to reports from the scene on twitter, about 15 fbi agents entered the united talmudical academy, a local yeshiva, shortly after 10:00 a.m. accompanied by a local sheriff and agents from the sullivan county da's office. news 12 reports that the agents are also executing search warrants at the village's public safety building.
last week, the journal news reported that police were investigating a video allegedly showing the principal of united talmudic academy kissing a young student. the 11-minute video was widely circulated on whatsapp and facebook. according to the news, the uncut version shows a boy standing between a man's legs as he strokes the boys face and kisses him. state police confirmed that they had the video and were looking into the incident, but orange county chief assistant district attorney christopher borek would not confirm an investigation.
"ethical rules prohibit us from commenting on specific allegations until or unless charges are publicly filed in a court," a spokesperson for the da told forward.
the school issued a statement tuesday, denying any crime. "while this type of restraint may be unacceptable to some viewers, it in no way rises to the level of a criminal assault," the board of directors said.
i am heading to kiryas joel where fbi is apparently seizing records, possibly for computer tech probe like in ramapo steve lieberman (@lohudlegal) may 12, 2016
in march, schools in kiryas joel were targeted as part of a larger fbi raid for proof that government money allocated for technology equipment in local schools through the fcc's e-rate program had actually been spent as mandated, on servers, wiring and internet installation. jewish news outlets have recently raised questions about the use of federal technology funds in orthdox schools and libraries, since many of these schools prohibit their students from using the internet.
the e-rate program reimburses up to 90% of the cost of server and wiring installation in schools where at least three quarters of the students are eligible for free lunch.
kiryas joel is governed and predominantly populated by the satmar hasidic sect. forward reports that the village's leader, rabbi aaron teitelbaum, has been in conflict with his brother, rabbi zalman teitelbaum, for years. zalman leads a satmar community in brooklyn.
attorney donald nichol represents the city government of kiryas joel, and told us by phone on thursday that he was not up to speed on today's raids, stressing that they did not involve his client. "i don't know anything about any raids," he said. "i represent the village government. people tend to lump everything together in kiryas joel since it's a unique community, but kiryas joel has good people and bad people just like any other town."
this story is developing; we'll update with additional information.
#fbi and sheriff seen outside the uta school building #kiryasjoel. situation unknown at this time. pic.twitter.com/bdbn2rn7km kjheadquarters (@kjheadquarters) may 12, 2016
[update:] reporters on the scene are documenting the removal of documents and filing cabinets from uta. the fbi has yet to release a statement.
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ˈkæθərɪn bi mɔr əv ə puppy-enthusiast*! ðə ˈæktrəs ɪz ˈbækɪŋ ə 1 ˈmɪljən ˈdɔlər ˌɪˈnɪʃətɪv tɪ speɪ ənd ˈnutər pəps ɪn lɔs ˈænʤəlɪs! ʤɪst bɪˈkəz ˈkæθərɪn ˈhaɪgəl ɪz ɪn ðə ˈmɪdəl əv prəˈmoʊtɪŋ hər ˈəpˌkəmɪŋ flɪk, laɪf ɛz wi noʊ ɪt, ɪt min tu ˈbɪzi tɪ hɛlp hər ˈfəri frɛndz. ðə ˈæktrəs, hu həz 6 dɔgz əv hər oʊn, ɪz noʊn fər biɪŋ ən ˈædvəˌkeɪt əv ˈænəməl raɪts əˈspɛʃəli dɔgz. ˈkæθərɪn ˈdoʊˌneɪtɪd 1 ˈmɪljən ˈdɔlərz, sɛpt. 24 soʊ ðət ɔl ˈænəməlz ɪn lɔs ˈænʤəlɪs ˈʃɛltərz wɪl bɪˈkəm speɪd ənd ˈnutərd. ˈkæθərɪn rɪˈvild æt ə prɛs ˈkɑnfərəns əˈlɔŋˈsaɪd ˈsizər ˈmɪlən, [dɔg ˈwɪspəˌrər], ðət ˈoʊvər ˈænəməlz ɪn ˈloʊkəl lɑ ˈʃɛltərz læst jɪr wər pʊt tɪ slip. kən wi ʧeɪnʤ ðə rɪˈzəlts fər ðiz animals?”*?” ʃi sɛd. ər nɑt ˈoʊnli] sɪk, oʊld dɔgz. ˈgɔtən ˈbrutəl, ju noʊ. ˌɪnˈhjumən, really.”*.” ˈkæθərɪn ənd hər mɑm ˈnænsi, reɪzd ðə 1 ˈmɪljən θru ə ˈʧɛrɪti ðeɪ ˈstɑrtɪd təˈgɛðər kɔld ðə ˈʤeɪsən ˈdɛbɪs ˈhaɪgəl faʊnˈdeɪʃən. ɪn ˈɑnər əv hər ˈoʊldər ˈbrəðər ˈʤeɪsən, hu wɑz kɪld ɪn ə ˈtræʤɪk kɑr ˈæksədənt æt ʤɪst 15-years-old*. aɪ wɑz groʊɪŋ əp, maɪ ˈməðər ənd ˈfɑðər hæd ˈziroʊ dɪˈzaɪər fər ˈɛni wən əv ɑr ˈænəməlz tɪ hæv ə litter,”*,” ʃi sɛd. θɪŋk ə lɔt əv wərk, ə lɔt əv ˈɛnərʤi. ðɛn, ɛz ən ˈædəlt, bɪˈkəz əv ðə weɪ aɪ wɑz reɪzd ənd bɪˈkəz aɪ hæd ðə minz tɪ du ɪt, ənd ˈnutərɪŋ) goʊz wɪˈθaʊt question.”*.” kloʊi
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katherine be more of a puppy-enthusiast! the actress is backing a $ 1 million dollar initiative to spay and neuter pups in los angeles!
just because katherine heigl is in the middle of promoting her upcoming flick, life as we know it, it doesn’t mean she’s too busy to help her furry friends. the 31-year-old actress, who has 6 dogs of her own, is known for being an advocate of animal rights — especially dogs. katherine donated $1 million dollars, sept. 24, so that all animals in los angeles shelters will become spayed and neutered.
katherine revealed at a press conference alongside cesar millan, [dog whisperer], that over 80,000 animals in local la shelters last year were put to sleep.
“how can we change the results for these animals?” she said. “[shelters are not only] euthanizing sick, old dogs. it’s gotten brutal, you know. it’s inhuman, really.”
katherine and her mom nancy, raised the $1 million through a charity they started together called the jason debus heigl foundation. it’s in honor of her older brother jason, who was killed in a tragic car accident at just 15-years-old.
“when i was growing up, my mother and father had zero desire for any one of our animals to have a litter,” she said. “i think it’s a lot of work, it’s a lot of energy. then, as an adult, because of the way i was raised and because i had the means to do it, (spaying and neutering) goes without question.”
— chloe melas
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iˈmeɪlz ər ˈpɔrɪŋ ɪn ˈoʊvər "heɪl ˈmɛri pæs": haʊ tɪ noʊ ɪz ɪn ˈsɪriəs ˈtrəbəl. hir ɪz wən frəm "hg*" hu raɪts heɪ mɪʃ, wi hæv ə 7 ˈfɪgjər nɛt wərθ, noʊ ˈmɔrgɪʤ dɛt (wi du oʊn ɑr oʊn hoʊm), peɪ ˈkrɛdɪt dɛt ɪn fʊl iʧ mənθ, ənd hæv ˈkrɛdɪt skɔrz əv 726 ənd 702 rɪˈspɛktɪvli. wi ər 56 ənd 53 jɪrz oʊld. ʤɪst gɑt ðə ˈsɪti ˈkrɛdɪt kɑrd reɪt ˌɪnˈkris ˈnoʊtɪs. ɪts nɑt ˈlɪmɪtɪd tɪ ðoʊz hu ˈkɛri ə ˈbæləns laɪk ðə foʊks hu ˈkɛri ɪn dɛt. ˈnidləs tɪ seɪ, əm ˈkətɪŋ ɪt əp ɔn ˈprɪnsəpəl, bət nɑt ˈkloʊzɪŋ ɪt soʊ ðət maɪ ˈkrɛdɪt ˈlɪmɪts doʊnt goʊ daʊn. ˌɛnˈʤɔɪ jʊr poʊsts ənd lʊk ˈfɔrwərd tɪ ˈrɛdɪŋ ðɛm goʊɪŋ ˈfɔrwərd. ˈmætərz əv ˈprɪnsəpəl ˈsɪtiˌbæŋk sɛndz aʊt 2 ˈmɪljən ˈlɛtərz haɪ mɪʃ, aɪ gɑt ə ˈsɪtiˌbæŋk ˈlɛtər læst wik ˈreɪzɪŋ maɪ ˈɪntəˌrɛst reɪt tɪ frəm aɪ hæv ə 780 ˈkrɛdɪt skɔr ənd peɪ maɪ əˈkaʊnt ɔf ˈɛvəri mənθ. maɪ ˈlɪmət wɑz aɪ ˈnɛvər meɪd ə leɪt ˈpeɪmənt tɪ ˈsɪtiˌbæŋk (ər ˈɛniˌwən ɛls). wɪn aɪ kɔld ðɛm tɪ ˈiðər meɪnˈteɪn maɪ ˈkɑrənt tərmz ər opt-out*, ðə rɛpriˈzɛtətɪv toʊld mi ʃi hæd bɪn ˈgɪtɪŋ ˈnəθɪŋ bət kəmˈpleɪnt kɔlz ɔl deɪ. ʃi sɛd ˈsɪtiˌbæŋk hæd sɛnt aʊt 2 ˈmɪljən səʧ ˈlɛtərz. aɪ wɑz ˈgɪvɪn wən ʧɔɪs: əkˈsɛpt ðə nu tərmz ər hæv maɪ əˈkaʊnt ˈkænsəld əˈpɑn ɪts ˌɛkspərˈeɪʃən əv aɪ toʊld ðɛm tɪ ˈkænsəl ðə əˈkaʊnt. ðə mary”*” ju dɪˈskraɪb ɪz ˈivɪn ˈlɑrʤər ðən ju ˌɪˈmæʤənd. fərst prɛˈmɪr bæŋks ˈɔfərz kɑrd wɪθ pərˈsɛnt reɪt ˈgɔrdən ˈheɪʤmən bɪˈliv ðə ˈkrɛdɪt kɑrd ˈɔfər hi gɑt ɪn ðə meɪl. "maɪ fərst θɔt, ɪt wɑz ə mɪˈsteɪk," ˈheɪʤmən sɛd. ðə waɪn dɪˈstrɪbjətər kɔld ðə ˈnəmbər ɔn ðə ˈɔfər, geɪv ðɛm ðə ˈɔfər koʊd ənd ˈvɛrəˌfaɪd hɪz ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən. ʃʊr ɪˈnəf, ɪt wɑz raɪt: ðə ˈkrɛdɪt kɑrd keɪm wɪθ ə pərˈsɛnt apr*. jɛs, pərˈsɛnt. ðə ˈɔfər ɪz fər ə prɛˈmɪr kɑrd frəm fərst prɛˈmɪr bæŋk, wɪʧ ɪz beɪst ɪn saʊθ dəˈkoʊtə. ɔn ɪts wɛb saɪt, fərst prɛˈmɪr sɪz ɪt ɪz ðə ˈkəntriz ˈlɑrʤəst ˈɪʃuər əv ˈvizə ənd ˈmæstərˌkɑrd ˈkrɛdɪt kɑrdz. ðə saɪt ˈɔlsoʊ sɪz ɪt "ˈfoʊkɪsɪz ɔn ˌɪndəˈvɪʤəwəlz hu hæv lɛs ðən ˈpərˌfɪkt ˈkrɛdɪt bət ər ˈæˌkʧuəli stɪl ˈkrɛdɪtˌwərði." əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən ɔn ðə saʊθ dəˈkoʊtə ˈlɛʤəsˌleɪtɪv wɛb saɪt, ðɛr ɪz "noʊ ˈmæksəməm ər ˈjuʒəri riˈstrɪkʃən." ɪn ˈəðər wərdz, ðə ˌɪndəˈvɪʤəwəl bæŋk kən sɛt ɪts oʊn ˈɪntəˌrɛst reɪt ˈlɪmɪts. ˈsɛvərəl kɔlz meɪd tɪ fərst prɛˈmɪr fər ə ˈkɑmɛnt wər nɑt rɪˈtərnd. bæŋks skrim tɪ bi ˈrɛgjəˌleɪtɪd iˈmeɪl frəm ə kəˈlɛkʃənz ˈspɛʃəlɪst hɛˈloʊ mɪʃ aɪ ˈwɔntɪd tɪ ˈklɛrəˌfaɪ kɑrl ˈkɑmɛnts rɪˈgɑrdɪŋ 10 dɪˈfɔlts ɔn ðɛr ˈkrɛdɪt kɑrdz. aɪ wərk ɪn ðə ˌfaɪˈnænʃəl ˈɪndəstri, ənd hæv ə ˈhɛvi kəˈlɛkʃənz ˈbækˌgraʊnd. 'dɪˈfɔlts' ɪz ə ˈlusli juzd tərm. fər ɪgˈzæmpəl, wɪn maɪ ˈkəmpəˌni sɪz ɪt həz ɛks% dɪˈfɔlts, ɪt ɪz ɪn ˈrɛfərəns tɪ ðə ˈnəmbər əv loʊnz. kɑrl simz tɪ bi əˈsumɪŋ 10 ɪz ˈmɛʒərd əˈgɛnst fiz, ər wət ˈəðər ˈpipəl kɔl ˈrɛvəˌnu. ðɪs ɪz nɑt ən ˈækjərət weɪ əv ˈmɛʒərɪŋ tru ˈlɔsɪz. hir ɪz ə ˈpræktɪkəl ɪgˈzæmpəl tɪ ˈɪləˌstreɪt maɪ pɔɪnt. æt maɪ ˈkəmpəˌni, ɪf wi gɪv aʊt 3 100 loʊnz ənd ʧɑrʤ 10 pər loʊn, wi ˈʤɛnərˌeɪt 30 ɪn fiz ər ˈrɛvəˌnu; ˌhaʊˈɛvər, wi stɪl hæv tɪ gɪt ðə 300 bæk wi lɛnt. ɪf wən əv ðoʊz loʊnz dɪˈfɔlts, ðət ɪz ə 33 dɪˈfɔlt reɪt, bət ðə ˈpræktɪkəl ˌɪmˈpækt tɪ ˈrɛvəˌnu ɪz ə lɔs əv 270 soʊ, waɪl ðə dɪˈfɔlt reɪt ɪz 33 ðə lɔs ɪz 270 kərˈɛkʃən ɔn wən əˈkaʊnt ɪt wʊd bi 70 mɪʃ kɑrl ɪz əˈsumɪŋ ðə 10 əv dɪˈfɔlts ɪz ˈmɛʒərd əˈgɛnst ˈrɛvəˌnu. ɪt kʊd ʤɪst ɛz ˈizəli bi ˈkælkjəˌleɪtɪd əˈgɛnst ðə ˈprɪnsəpəl. ju hæv tɪ ʧɛk ðɛr ˈænjuəl rɪˈpɔrt ənd goʊ θru ðɛr mæθ, bɪˈkəz dɪˈfɔlt ɪz nɑt ˌjunəˈvərsəli ˈkælkjəˌleɪtɪd ðə seɪm weɪ. ðəs, ðət 10 dɪˈfɔlt kʊd bi ˌɛkspoʊˈnɛnʃəli məʧ ˈlɑrʤər ðən kɑrl ɪz ˈkɛrɪktərˌaɪzɪŋ. ɪn fækt, aɪ wʊd bi ˈwɪlɪŋ tɪ bɛt ɪt ɪz, bɪˈkəz aɪ hæv ə frɛnd hu wərkt ɪn ðə ˈkrɛdɪt kɑrd ˈɪndəstri fər 15 jɪrz, ənd hi wɑz ˈtɛlɪŋ mi hɪz ˈkəmpəˌni ˈjuzɪz ðə tərm dɪˈfɔlt ðə seɪm weɪ wi du. ˈkrɛdɪt kɑrd ˈpænɪk haʊ ðə grɪnʧ stoʊl ˈkrɪsməs ɪts ə gʊd θɪŋ tɪ ðə ɪkˈstɛnt ðət ðiz reɪts kɔz ˈpipəl tɪ stɑp baɪɪŋ, ɪts ə gʊd θɪŋ. tɪ ðə ɪkˈstɛnt ðət ˈkænsəld kɑrdz kɔz ˈpipəl tɪ stɑp baɪɪŋ, ɪts ə gʊd θɪŋ. tɪ ðə ɪkˈstɛnt ðət ðiz ˈækʃənz kɔz ˈpipəl tɛl ˈgridi bæŋks wɛr tɪ goʊ, ɪts ə gʊd θɪŋ. tɪ ðə ɪkˈstɛnt ðət ðiz ˈækʃənz kɔz ˈpipəl ʤɪst gɪv əp, stɑp peɪɪŋ rɪˈdɪkjələs reɪts, ənd dɪˈklɛr ˈbæŋkrəptsi, ɪts ə gʊd θɪŋ.
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emails are pouring in over citigroup's "hail mary pass": how to know citigroup is in serious trouble.
here is one from "hg" who writes
hey mish,
we have a 7 figure net worth, no mortgage debt (we do own our own home), pay credit debt in full each month, and have credit scores of 726 and 702 respectively. we are 56 and 53 years old.
just got the citi 29.99 credit card rate increase notice. it's not limited to those who carry a balance like the folks who carry 25k in debt.
needless to say, i'm cutting it up on principle, but not closing it so that my credit limits don't go down.
enjoy your posts and look forward to reading them going forward.
hg
matters of principle
citibank sends out 2 million letters
hi mish,
i got a citibank letter last week raising my interest rate to 29.99% from 7.99%. i have a 780 credit score and pay my account off every month. my limit was $18,200. i never made a late payment to citibank (or anyone else).
when i called them to either maintain my current terms or opt-out, the rep told me she had been getting nothing but complaint calls all day. she said citibank had sent out 2 million such letters. i was given one choice: accept the new terms or have my account canceled upon its expiration of 12/31/09. i told them to cancel the account.
the “hail mary” you describe is even larger than you imagined.
mj
first premier banks offers card with 79.9 percent rate
gordon hageman couldn’t believe the credit card offer he got in the mail.
"my first thought, it was a mistake," hageman said.
the wine distributor called the number on the offer, gave them the offer code and verified his information. sure enough, it was right: the pre-approved credit card came with a 79.9 percent apr.
yes, 79.9 percent.
the offer is for a premier card from first premier bank, which is based in south dakota. on its web site, first premier says it is the country's 10th largest issuer of visa and mastercard credit cards. the site also says it "focuses on individuals who have less than perfect credit but are actually still creditworthy."
according to information on the south dakota legislative web site, there is "no maximum or usury restriction." in other words, the individual bank can set its own interest rate limits.
several calls made to first premier for a comment were not returned.
banks scream to be regulated
email from a collections specialist
hello mish
i wanted to clarify karl denninger's comments regarding citigroup's 10% defaults on their credit cards.
i work in the financial industry, and have a heavy collections background. 'defaults' is a loosely used term. for example, when my company says it has x% defaults, it is in reference to the number of loans. karl seems to be assuming 10% is measured against fees, or what other people call revenue. this is not an accurate way of measuring true losses.
here is a practical example to illustrate my point. at my company, if we give out 3 $100 loans and charge $10 per loan, we generate $30 in fees or revenue; however, we still have to get the $300 back we lent.
if one of those loans defaults, that is a 33% default rate, but the practical impact to revenue is a loss of $270.
so, while the default rate is 33%; the loss is $270. [ correction on one account it would be $70 - mish ] karl is assuming the 10% of defaults is measured against revenue. it could just as easily be calculated against the principal. you have to check their annual report and go through their math, because default is not universally calculated the same way.
thus, that 10% default could be exponentially much larger than karl is characterizing. in fact, i would be willing to bet it is, because i have a friend who worked in the credit card industry for 15 years, and he was telling me his company uses the term default the same way we do.
mm
credit card panic
how the grinch stole christmas
it's a good thing
to the extent that these jacked-up rates cause people to stop buying, it's a good thing.
to the extent that canceled cards cause people to stop buying, it's a good thing.
to the extent that these actions cause people tell greedy banks where to go, it's a good thing.
to the extent that these actions cause people just give up, stop paying ridiculous rates, and declare bankruptcy, it's a good thing.
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kɔl ɪt tittiepocalypse*. bubz ər ˈɛvriˌwɛr ɔn ˈjuˌtub, ənd ðeɪ ər sˈməðərɪŋ aʊt ðə ˈvɔɪsɪz əv ðə æt list səm ˈprɑmənənt. ðiz bubz, ˈvɪdioʊ kriˈeɪtərz kəmˈpleɪn, ər nɑt ˈoʊnli ˈstilɪŋ klɪks; ˈhaɪdɪŋ ˈpərtɪnɪnt ˈkɑntɛnt. fər wiks, kraɪz əv ˈsɛnsərˌʃɪp ənd hæv bɪn ˈɛkoʊɪŋ əˈkrɔs ðə ˈdɪʤɪtəl hɔlz əv ðə saɪt ɛz ə fju ˈprɑmənənt mɛn hæv kəm aʊt sˈwɪŋɪŋ, əˈkjuzɪŋ ˌɑpərˌtuˈnɪstɪk ˈwɪmən əv ˈjuzɪŋ ðɛr sɛks appeal—read*: rɑb ðɛm əv ˈtræfɪk ənd ðə kæʃ ðət kəmz wɪθ ɪt. ðɪs ˈleɪtəst ˈjuˌtub ˈkɑntrəˌvərsi ˈsɛnərz əraʊnd ə ˈrəfli fəˈnɑməˌnɑn noʊn ɛz rɪˈplaɪ girls.”*.” ðə rɪˈplaɪ gərlz ər jəŋ jəŋ ɪˈnəf tɪ stɪl bi ɪn haɪ meɪk ˈvɪdioʊz ɪn tɑps ənd ˈpʊˌʃəp brɑs. ˈrəðər ðən ˈbɛrɪŋ ðɛr soʊlz, ˈbɛrɪŋ ðət dɪˈvaɪs ˈɔfən juzd tɪ gɪt əˈtɛnʃən: ˈklivɪʤ. ðɛr soʊl ðɛr oʊn tɪ drɔ ˈtræfɪk ənd meɪk ˈməni ənd ˈfɪgjərd aʊt weɪz tɪ geɪm ðə ˈjuˌtub ˈsɪstəm. səm saɪt ðɛr ˈpɑvərti ɛz ðə ˈrizən gɔn ˈɪntu ðə ˈbɪznɪs. ðə trɪks ðeɪ wɪθ ðɛr sɛks ðə məˌnɪpjəˈleɪʃən əv ˈvɪdioʊ tægz ənd ðə əˈbɪləˌti tɪ spɑt ˈvɪdioʊz ɛz goʊɪŋ ˈvaɪrəl. ˈwərkɪŋ. ˈvɪdioʊz ər ˈɛvriˌwɛr. ənd ðoʊz ˈmeɪkɪŋ ðə ˈvɪdioʊz rɪˈspɑndɪŋ nən tu plizd. fər wiks bɪn dɪˈkraɪɪŋ ðə ˈpræktɪs, ˈkɔlɪŋ aʊt ðə rɪˈplaɪ gərlz fər ˈrɑbɪŋ ðɛm əv klɪks ənd ˈməni ðət ðeɪ seɪ ʃʊd bi ðɛrz. noʊ ˈsəmθɪŋ ɪz rɔŋ ɪf aɪ hæv tɪ kəmˈpleɪn əˈbaʊt boobies,”*,” sɛd, ɪn ə ˈvɪdioʊ læst wik ðət naʊ həz ˈnɪrli vjuz sɪns ˈhɪtɪŋ ðə frənt peɪʤ əv ðə ˈsoʊʃəl nuz saɪt reddit*. wiks əv ˈbæˌklæʃ riʧt ə ˈfivər pɪʧ ˈjɛstərˌdeɪ wɪn, ə ˈprɑmənənt ˈvɪdioʊ geɪm tim, ʤəmpt ˈɪntu ðə freɪ, ˈmeɪkɪŋ ə ˈfɔrəm poʊst kɔld ˈruɪnɪŋ youtube.”*.” ðə ˈprɑbləm ɪz ˈbeɪsɪkli ə ˈtɛknɪkəl wən ˈhævɪŋ tɪ du wɪθ rɪˈleɪtɪd ˈvɪdioʊz. ɪn ðə wərld əv ˈjuˌtub, fænz ˈɔfən rɪˈspɑnd tɪ ˈpɑpjələr ˈvɪdioʊz baɪ ˈmeɪkɪŋ ðɛr oʊn rɪˈspɑns ˈvɪdioʊ. ðoʊz ʃoʊ əp ɪn ðə videos”*” speɪs boʊθ æt ðə ɛnd əv ðə ˈvɪdioʊ, ənd ɔn ðə raɪt saɪd bɑr, əˈlɔŋ wɪθ ˈækʧəwəl, ˈsɪmələr ˈvɪdioʊz. ðə aɪˈdiə ɪz ðət ɪf ju wɔʧ ə ˈpɑpjələr ˈvɪdioʊ ˈfiʧərɪŋ ə ˈpəpi pleɪɪŋ wɪθ ə ˈbeɪbi, ər ə ˈvɪdioʊ geɪm walk-through*, wɔnt tɪ wɔʧ ˈsɪmələr ˈvɪdioʊz, faʊnd ɔn ðə raɪˈthænd saɪd əv ðə skrin. ˌɪnˈkrisɪŋgli, ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ðoʊz rɪˈleɪtɪd ˈvɪdioʊz ər biɪŋ skwizd aʊt. ˈteɪkɪŋ ðɛr pleɪs: ˈvɪdioʊz. rɪˈleɪtɪd ˈvɪdioʊz ˈɔfən brɪŋ ɪn mɔr ˈməni fər ðə ˈʧænəl, bɪˈkəz ˈpɑpjəˌleɪtəd wɪθ ðə ˈəðər ˈvɪdioʊz (ər wɪθ ˈpɑrtnər ˈvɪdioʊz). ðə ˈvɪdioʊz, ðɛmˈsɛlvz, ˈfɑloʊ ə ˈsɪmpəl ˈfɔrmjələ: ðɛr brɛsts ər ɪn ˈfoʊkɪs, ðɛr ˈfeɪsɪz kət ɔf mid-forehead*. waɪl ðə ˈkæmərə ɪz ˈfoʊkɪst ɔn ðɛr ˈæˌsɛts, ðə gərlz tɔk əˈbaʊt ðə ˈvɪdioʊ ðeɪ ər rɪˈplaɪɪŋ tɪ. bət wət ðeɪ seɪ ˈɔfən meɪks ˈlɪtəl ər noʊ sɛns. ˈsəmˌtaɪmz ˈbleɪtəntli klɪr ðə rɪˈplaɪ gərl ˈivɪn wɔʧ ðə ˈvɪdioʊ ʃi ɪz rɪˈspɑndɪŋ tɪ. ðɛr ˈoʊnli goʊl ɪz tɪ gɪt ˈkɑntɛnt ˈfiʧərɪŋ ðɛr bubz əp ɛz kˈwɪkli ɛz ˈpɑsəbəl soʊ ðɛr ˈvɪdioʊ wɪl bi vjud baɪ ɛz ˈmɛni ˈpipəl ɛz ˈpɑsəbəl. ˈfɪgjərd aʊt haʊ tɪ geɪm rɪˈleɪtɪd ˈvɪdioʊz ˈsɪstəm. ðeɪ ˈkɑpi ɔl əv ðə tægz ɔn ə ˈpɑpjələr ˈvɪdioʊ, ˌgɛrənˈtiɪŋ ðɛr rɪˈplaɪ ˈvɪdioʊ wɪl əˈpɪr ɪn ðə rɪˈleɪtɪd ˈvɪdioʊz ˈsɛkʃən ɔn ðə raɪt hænd saɪd əv ðə skrin. iʧ rɪˈplaɪ gərl meɪks ˈɛni wɛr frəm faɪv tɪ 15 səʧ ˈvɪdioʊz ə deɪ. dɪsˈlaɪk ðiz ˈvɪdioʊz, ˈgɪvɪŋ ðɛm ˌdɪsprəˈpɔrʃənətli haɪ voʊts. bət ðeɪ ˈɔlsoʊ ˈklɪrli wərk: səm əv ðiz ˈvɪdioʊz kən gɪt ˈmɪljənz əv vjuz. ənd ɔn ˈjuˌtub, vjuz min ˈməni. ˈmɛni əv ðiz gərlz ər pɑrt əv ˈpɑrtnər ˈproʊˌgræm, ˈminɪŋ ðeɪ ʃɛr ˈprɑfɪts frəm æd ˈrɛvəˌnu. ðə girl”*” fəˈnɑməˌnɑn ˈrɪli tʊk ɔf læst ˈsəmər wɪn wən kəˈneɪdiən jəŋ ˈwʊmən neɪmd ˌgaɪˈtɑn ˈstɑrtɪd ðə trɛnd wɪθ hər ““thereplygirl”*” ˈʧænəl ɪn ˌʤuˈlaɪ. hər ˈvɪdioʊz hæv bɪn vjud mɔr ðən 12 ˈmɪljən taɪmz. ɪn ə ˈvɪdioʊ ˈɪntərvˌju wɪθ ðə ˈjuˌtub ˈʧænəl lolpervs*, dən læst wik ˌbiˈfɔr ðə ˈkɑntrəˌvərsi ˌɪnˈtɛnsɪˌfaɪd,, hu ɪz ə ˈneɪtɪv spanish-speaker*, sɛd ʃi tərnd tɪ ˈjuˌtub ɪn ðə ˈsəmər bɪˈkəz ʃi wɑz ˈlɪvɪŋ bɪˈloʊ ðə ˈpɑvərti laɪn fər ˈsɛvən jɪrz ənd ˈwɔntɪd tɪ meɪk səm ˈməni ɔn maɪ own.”*.” ˈɑbviəsli ˈwərkɪŋ, ənd mɔr ðən ə ˈhændˌfʊl, ˈivɪn ˈroʊˌbəts, hæv ˈfɑloʊd lɛd. mɛn hɛlp ourselves,”*,” sɛd ɪn ““re*: gərlz ðət meɪk ˈtɛrəbəl ri: videos,”*,” hɪz ˈfɛbruˌɛri 15 ˈvɪdioʊ æˈdrɛsɪŋ ðə ˈɪʃu. ər laɪk ˈvinəs flaɪ træps fər ɑr dɪks. wi meɪk wən rɔŋ klɪk, ənd rɪˈgrɛt ɪt instantly.”*.” əv kɔrs, bubz hæv lɔŋ drɔn vjuərz ɔn ˈjuˌtub. ənd mɔr ðən wən ˈprɑmənənt meɪl həz juzd mɪsˈlidɪŋ ˈfiʧərɪŋ ˈskæntəli klæd ˈwɪmən. ˈpɑrʃəli haʊ reɪ ˈwɪljəm ˈʤɑnsən, fərst ˌmɪljəˈnɛr, roʊz tɪ feɪm. pərˈhæps waɪ əˈsaɪd frəm ˈʃɛrɪŋ ə lɪŋk tɪ ˈvɪdioʊ, hi həz ˈlɑrʤli rɪˈmeɪnd ˈsaɪlənt əˈbaʊt ðə ˈvɪdioʊz ðət pleɪg hɪz rɪˈleɪtɪd ˈvɪdioʊz ˈsɛkʃən. ˈfɪlɪp də ˈfræŋkoʊ, hu ˈɔlsoʊ drɔz hɪz ʃɛr əv rɪˈplaɪ gərlz, ˈɔlsoʊ roʊz tɪ ˈjuˌtub beɪst ɔn hɪz əv ˈsɛksi ˈwɪmən. hi ˈkɑmɛntəd ˈbrifli, ˈnɛgətɪvli, ɔn ðə rɪˈplaɪ gərl ˈɪʃu ɪn dɛk. əv 2011 əˈnəðər meɪl, direboris’*’, ˈpoʊstɪd ə ˈkuki ˈrəʃən ˈvɪdioʊ ɔn ðə rɪˈplaɪ gərlz, wɛr hi kɔld ðɛm beeches”*” ənd sɛd ðeɪ meɪk ɪm mad.”*.” hɪz rænt həz bɪn vjud mɔr ðən 5 ˈmɪljən taɪmz ɪn lɛs ðən ə mənθ, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ˈjuˌtub stəˈtɪstɪks. ɪn ə ˈfɛbjəˌwɛri. 16 ˈvɪdioʊ kɔld rɪˈplaɪ girls…,”*…,” ˈbɛnəˌdɪkt, əv ðə ˈjuˌtub ˈʧænəl kəp əv ti kɔld ðə rɪˈplaɪ gərlz ˈvəlʧərz ənd əv youtube,”*,” ˈædɪŋ bɪˈkəz ðeɪ hæv ˈɔlˌmoʊst noʊ ˈdɪgnəti æt ɔl. ˈvɪdioʊz ər ˈjusləs now.”*.”, ðə ˈwɛlˈnoʊn ˈkɑmənˌteɪtərz ɔn ˈjuˌtub, meɪd ðɛr fərst muv əˈgɛnst ðə rɪˈplaɪ gərlz ɔn ʤæn. 31 wɪn ðeɪ ʧeɪnʤd ðə tægz ɔn ðɛr ˈvɪdioʊ tɪ rɛd ˈhævɪŋ tɪ raɪt nu tægz bɪˈkəz əv ˈhɔrəbəl kæm hɔrz ˈkɑpiɪŋ ðɛm ɪn ˈɔrdər əˈpɪr ɔn ðə rɪˈleɪtɪd videos.”*.” bət ðə rɪˈplaɪ gərlz ər nɑt goʊɪŋ daʊn wɪˈθaʊt ə faɪt. fərˈɛvər ˈfeɪθfəl tɪ ðɛr ˈfɔrmjələ ənd ənˈfeɪzd baɪ ðə slər, ðə rɪˈplaɪ gərlz ˈkɑpid ðoʊz tægz ənd rɪˈspɑndɪd tɪ ˈvɪdioʊ ɛz ðeɪ ˈjuʒəwəli du. ˈjɛstərˌdeɪ, nɑʧt ɪt əp, əˈpilɪŋ tɪ ðɛr ˈmɪljən strɔŋ ˈjuzər beɪs ɪn ə poʊst ɪn wɪʧ ðeɪ seɪ ˈluzɪŋ ˈməni ənd vjuz, ɛz ðɛr rɪˈleɪtɪd ˈvɪdioʊ geɪm ˈkɑntɛnt (ðɛr ˈvɪdioʊz ər ˈstɔri ɑrks, ənd ˈɔfən ʃɑt ɪn ˈsɪriz), ər noʊ ˈlɔŋgər ˈrɛdəli ækˈsɛsəbəl. ðə ˈduoʊ ˈɔlsoʊ əˈkjuzd ðə rɪˈplaɪ gərlz əv ˈvaɪəleɪtɪŋ kəmˈjunɪti ˈgaɪˌdlaɪnz bɪˈkəz ðɛr ˈvɪdioʊz ər ˈtæntəˌmaʊnt tɪ spæm. ðeɪ ˈsaɪtɪd ðɪs ˈpæsɪʤ ɪn ˈæskɪŋ fænz tɪ flæg ðə ˈvɪdioʊz ɛz spæm: nɑt kriˈeɪt mɪsˈlidɪŋ dɪˈskrɪpʃənz, tægz, ˈtaɪtəlz ər ɪn ˈɔrdər tɪ ˌɪnˈkris vjuz. nɑt ˈoʊˈkeɪ tɪ poʊst lɑrʤ əˈmaʊnts əv untargeted*, ənˈwɔntɪd ər rɪˈpɛtɪtɪv ˈkɑntɛnt, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ˈkɑmɛnts ənd ˈpraɪvət messages.”*.” æt prɛs taɪm, ðə θrɛd hæd ˈoʊvər 800 rɪˈspɑnsɪz. səm tʊk ɪt ə stɛp ˈfərðər ənd ˈpoʊstɪd ðə ˈpraɪvət ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən əv səm əv ðə rɪˈplaɪ gərlz ər ˈpoʊstɪd ˈkɑmɛnts ðət kʊd bi vjud ɛz. ðeɪ wər ˈprɑmptli bænd frəm ðə ˈfɔrəm ənd ðɛr poʊsts dɪˈlitəd. ˈəðər ˈfɔrəm ˈjuzərz tʊk tɪ ˈdræftɪŋ ə ˈlɛtər ðeɪ wʊd sɛnd tɪ ˈjuˌtub ɛn mæs æˈdrɛsɪŋ ðə flɔ ɪn ðə ˈtægɪŋ ənd rɪˈleɪtɪd ˈvɪdioʊz ˈælgərˌɪðəm. ˈəðərz ˈmɛnʃənd ðiz ˈvɪdioʊz wər ðə rəˈgrɛʃən əv ðə rɪˈspɛkt əv ˈwɪmən ɔn ðə internet.”*.” ˈhænə, ə kru ˈmɛmbər ənd ˈspoʊkspərsən fər, toʊld ðə ˈdeɪli dɑt ðət ðeɪ ɑr fænz tɪ rɪˈmeɪn ɛz pəˈlaɪt ɛz ˈpɑsəbəl ənd teɪk ɪt əp dɪˈrɛkli wɪθ youtube.”*.” ʃi dɪˈklaɪnd tɪ ˈkɑmɛnt ˈfərðər. ðə ˈjuˌtub əˈkaʊnts əv ə ˈkəpəl əv ðə jəŋ ˈwɪmən aɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪd ɛz rɪˈplaɪ gərlz ɔn ˈfɔrəm poʊst hæv ˌdɪsəˈpɪrd frəm ˈjuˌtub sɪns ˈjɛstərˌdeɪ. ɪt wɑz nɑt klɪr ɪf ðeɪ dɪˈlitəd ðɛm ɔn ðɛr oʊn ər ðeɪ wər riˈmuvd baɪ ˈjuˌtub. bət æt list tu rɪˈplaɪ gərlz seɪ ðə kæmˈpeɪn əˈgɛnst ðɛm həz rɪˈzəltɪd ɪn ˈbʊliɪŋ, heɪt, ənd ˈivɪn dɛθ θrɛts. tu əv ðə ˈbɪgəst girls,”*,” ənd, hæv rɪˈspɑndɪd tɪ ðə ˈkrɪtɪˌsɪzəmz ɪn ˈvɪdioʊ fɔrm. ɪn wən ˈvɪdioʊ, sɪz rɪˈsivd dɛθ θrɛts ənd fɔls ˈnoʊtɪsɪz, bət kəmˈpɛrz hərˈsɛlf tɪ rəˈbɛkə blæk. hər vɔɪs ə bɪt, ənd hər aɪz lʊk laɪk bɪn kraɪɪŋ ɛz ʃi sɪz meɪk mi stronger”*” ənd ˈvɪdioʊz ˈfɑloʊ ˌæbsəˈlutli ɔl əv ðə kəmˈjunɪti guidelines.”*.” ɪn ə ˈvɪdioʊ ˈəˌploʊdɪd ˈjɛstərˌdeɪ ˈtaɪtəld heɪts me,”*,” sɪz rɪˈsivd 300 nu ˈpraɪvət ˈmɛsɪʤɪz ˈtɛlɪŋ hər tɪ kɪl yourself”*” ˌbiˈfɔr riˈɪtərˌeɪtɪŋ ðət hər ˈvɪdioʊz ˈvaɪəleɪt kəmˈjunɪti ˈgaɪˌdlaɪnz. ju laɪk maɪ ˈvɪdioʊz, waɪ du ju wɔʧ them?,”*?,” ʃi æsks., ðə ˈəðər tɔp girl,”*,” həz ˈɔlsoʊ meɪd ə fju ˈvɪdioʊz æˈdrɛsɪŋ hər ““haters.”*.” laɪk ““thereplygirl,”*,” ʃi, tu, lʊks taɪərd. bɪˈgæn hər rɪˈplaɪ ˈʧænəl ɪn ˈɔgəst, ənd həz əˈmæst 36 ˈmɪljən vjuz ɔn hər ˈvɪdioʊz. hər ˈsɪgnəʧər ˈθəmˌneɪl ɪz ə braɪt fæt ˈɛroʊ ˈpɔɪntɪŋ tɪ hər ʧɛst. bət ɪn ðiz ˈvɪdioʊz, ðɛr ər ˈniðər ˈɛroʊz nɔr ˈklivɪʤ., heɪt, heɪt, raɪt naʊ: siɪŋ ə lɔt əv it,”*,” sɪz ɪn hər ˈvɪdioʊ, ˈoʊvər ðə streɪnz əv laɪt, ˈɔlˌmoʊst ˈmɔrnfəl, piˈænə mˈjuzɪk. ˈstɑrtɪd ðɪs ˈʧænəl bɪˈkəz, aɪ ˈwɔntɪd ˈsəmθɪŋ ə ˈlɪtəl bɪt mɔr kəˈnɛktɪŋ tɪ people”*” sɪz. ˈriəˌlaɪz ðət aɪ æm ə ˈpərsən, aɪ æm ə ˈjumən being.”*.” ɪn əˈnəðər ˈvɪdioʊ, ʃi riˈmaɪndz ðə vjuər ʃi ʤɪst du rɪˈplaɪ ˈvɪdioʊz bət həz ˈəðər ˈʧænəlz, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ə ˈgeɪmɪŋ ənd mˈjuzɪk ˈʧænəl. du ˈəðər things.”*.” (ˌɪnsɪˈdɛntəli, ˈɔlsoʊ ˈtɑrgətɪd ə fju meɪl ˈkrɑnɪk rɪˈspɑndərz, hu ˈɔlsoʊ ðɛr ˈaʊˌtreɪʤ ər ““deepest”*” əˈpɑləˌʤiz.) səm hæv dɪˈkraɪd kɔl tɪ ˈækʃən, kraɪɪŋ ˈsɛnsərˌʃɪp. wən mæn hu goʊz baɪ sɪz ɪz ˈæktɪŋ laɪk ɪn traɪɪŋ tɪ gɪt ðə gərlz banned.”*.” ˈjuˌtub, wɪʧ dɪz nɑt ˈkɑmɛnt ɔn ˌɪndəˈvɪʤəwəl ˈpɑrtnərz ər ˈvɪdioʊz, həz bɪn ˈsaɪlənt ɔn ðə ˈmætər. bət ɛz ðə ˈbæˌklæʃ groʊz, ðə ˈkəmpəˌni wɪl bi fɔrst tɪ du ˈsəmθɪŋ, ˈivɪn ɪf ðət ɪz ˈoʊnli ðə riˈvæmpɪŋ əv haʊ rɪˈleɪtɪd ˈvɪdioʊz wərk. ɪf ðeɪ, ˈjuˌtub kʊd bɪˈkəm ən ˈæməˌʧər ˈfɔrəm fɪld wɪθ ˌɪˈrɛləvənt lɪŋks. ðə ˈmɑtoʊ, ˈæftər ɔl, ɪz jʊr breasts.”*.”
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call it tittiepocalypse.
boobs are everywhere on youtube, and they are smothering out the voices of the men—or at least some prominent youtubers.
these boobs, video creators complain, are not only stealing clicks; they’re hiding pertinent content.
for weeks, cries of censorship and cyberbullying have been echoing across the digital halls of the video-sharing site as a few prominent men have come out swinging, accusing opportunistic women of using their sex appeal—read: boobs—to rob them of traffic and the cash that comes with it.
this latest youtube controversy centers around a roughly eight-month-old phenomenon known as “the reply girls.”
the reply girls are young women—some young enough to still be in high school—who make videos in low-cut tops and push-up bras. rather than baring their souls, they’re baring that age-old device often used to get attention: cleavage.
their sole intention—by their own admission—is to draw traffic and make money and they’ve figured out ways to game the youtube system. some cite their poverty as the reason they’ve gone into the reply-girl business.
the tricks they use—along with their sex appeal—include the manipulation of video tags and the ability to spot videos as they’re going viral.
it’s working. reply-girl videos are everywhere.
and those making the videos they’re responding to—primarily men—are none too pleased. for weeks they’ve been decrying the practice, calling out the reply girls for robbing them of clicks and money that they say should be theirs.
“you know something is wrong if i have to complain about boobies,” said youtuber skweezy, in a video last week that now has nearly 800,000 views since hitting the front page of the social news site reddit.
weeks of backlash reached a fever pitch yesterday when yogscast, a prominent video game commentating team, jumped into the fray, making a forum post called “replygirls ruining youtube.”
the problem is basically a technical one having to do with related videos.
in the world of youtube, fans often respond to popular videos by making their own response video. those show up in the “related videos” space both at the end of the video, and on the right side bar, along with actual, similar videos.
the idea is that if you watch a popular video featuring a puppy playing with a baby, or a video game walk-through, you’ll want to watch similar videos, found on the right-hand side of the screen. increasingly, however, those related videos are being squeezed out. taking their place: reply-girl videos.
related videos often bring in more money for the channel, because they’re populated with the channel’s other videos (or with partner videos).
the reply-girl videos, themselves, follow a simple formula: their breasts are in focus, their faces cut off mid-forehead. while the camera is focused on their assets, the girls talk about the video they are replying to. but what they say often makes little or no sense. sometimes it’s blatantly clear the reply girl didn’t even watch the video she is responding to.
their only goal is to get content featuring their boobs up as quickly as possible so their video will be viewed by as many people as possible. they’ve figured out how to game youtube’s related videos system. they copy all of the tags on a popular video, guaranteeing their reply video will appear in the related videos section on the right hand side of the screen.
each reply girl makes any where from five to 15 such videos a day.
youtubers dislike these videos, giving them disproportionately high thumbs-down votes. but they also clearly work: some of these videos can get millions of views. and on youtube, views mean money. many of these girls are part of youtube’s partner program, meaning they share profits from ad revenue.
the “reply girl” phenomenon really took off last summer when one canadian young woman named alejandra gaitan started the trend with her “thereplygirl” channel in july. her videos have been viewed more than 12 million times.
in a video interview with the youtube channel lolpervs, done last week before the controversy intensified, thereplygirl, who is a native spanish-speaker, said she turned to youtube in the summer because she was living below the poverty line for seven years and “really wanted to make some money on my own.”
it’s obviously working, and more than a handful, even robots, have followed thereplygirl’s lead.
“we men can’t help ourselves,” said skweezy in “re: girls that make terrible re: videos,” his february 15 video addressing the issue. “titties are like venus fly traps for our dicks. we make one wrong click, and regret it instantly.”
of course, boobs have long drawn viewers on youtube. and more than one prominent male youtuber has used misleading thumbnails featuring scantily clad women. that’s partially how ray william johnson, youtube’s first millionaire, rose to fame.
perhaps that’s why aside from sharing a link to skweezy’s video, he has largely remained silent about the reply-girl videos that plague his related videos section.
philip de franco, who also draws his share of reply girls, also rose to youtube celebrity-dom based on his thumbnails of sexy women. he commented briefly, negatively, on the reply girl issue in dec. of 2011.
another male youtuber, direboris’, posted a kooky russian video on the reply girls, where he called them “mother beeches” and said they make him “so mad.” his rant has been viewed more than 5 million times in less than a month, according to youtube statistics.
in a feb. 16 video called “dear reply girls…,” youtuber benedict, of the youtube channel cup of tea called the reply girls “the vultures and leechers of youtube,” adding they’re “depressing because they have almost no dignity at all.
“related videos are useless now.”
yogscast, the well-known minecraft video-game commentators on youtube, made their first move against the reply girls on jan. 31 when they changed the tags on their video to read “hate having to write new tags because of horrible cam whores copying them in order appear on the related videos.”
but the reply girls are not going down without a fight.
forever faithful to their formula and unfazed by the slur, the reply girls copied those tags and responded to yogscast’s video as they usually do.
yesterday, yogscast notched it up, appealing to their million strong user base in a post in which they say they’re losing money and views, as their related video game content (their videos are story arcs, and often shot in series), are no longer readily accessible.
the duo also accused the reply girls of violating youtube’s community guidelines because their videos are tantamount to spam. they cited this passage in asking fans to flag the videos as spam:
“do not create misleading descriptions, tags, titles or thumbnails in order to increase views. it’s not ok to post large amounts of untargeted, unwanted or repetitive content, including comments and private messages.”
at press time, the thread had over 800 responses. some took it a step further and posted the private information of some of the reply girls or posted comments that could be viewed as cyberbullying. they were promptly banned from the yogscast forum and their posts deleted. other yogscast forum users took to drafting a letter they would send to youtube en masse addressing the flaw in the tagging and related videos algorithm. others mentioned these videos were “causing the regression of the respect of women on the internet.”
hannah, a crew member and spokesperson for yogscast, told the daily dot that they “asked our fans to remain as polite as possible and take it up directly with youtube.” she declined to comment further.
the youtube accounts of a couple of the young women identified as reply girls on yogscast’s forum post have disappeared from youtube since yesterday. it was not clear if they deleted them on their own or they were removed by youtube.
but at least two reply girls say the campaign against them has resulted in bullying, hate, and even death threats.
two of the biggest “reply girls,” thereplygirl and meganspeaks, have responded to the criticisms in video form.
in one video, thereplygirl says she’s received death threats and false dmca notices, but compares herself to rebecca black. her voice wavers a bit, and her eyes look like she’s been crying as she says “haters make me stronger” and “my videos follow absolutely all of the community guidelines.”
in a video uploaded yesterday titled “yogscast hates me,” thereplygirl says she’s received 300 new private messages telling her to “go kill yourself” before reiterating that her videos don’t violate community guidelines. “if you don’t like my videos, why do you watch them?,” she asks.
meganspeaks, the other top “reply girl,” has also made a few videos addressing her “haters.” like “thereplygirl,” she, too, looks tired.
meganspeaks began her reply channel in august, and has amassed 36 million views on her videos. her signature thumbnail is a bright fat arrow pointing to her chest. but in these videos, there are neither arrows nor cleavage.
“hate, hate, hate, right now: i’m seeing a lot of it,” says meganspeaks in her video, over the strains of light, almost mournful, piano music. “i started this channel because, i wanted something a little bit more connecting to people” says meganspeaks. “people don’t realize that i am a person, i am a human being.”
in another video, she reminds the viewer she doesn’t just do reply videos but has other channels, including a gaming and music channel. “i do other things.”
(incidentally, yogscast also targeted a few male chronic responders, who also vlogged their outrage or “deepest” apologies.)
some youtubers have decried yogscast’s call to action, crying censorship.
one man who goes by buddhacharlie says yogscast is acting like sopa in trying to get the “reply girls banned.”
youtube, which does not comment on individual partners or videos, has been silent on the matter. but as the backlash grows, the google-owned company will be forced to do something, even if that is only the revamping of how related videos work.
if they don’t, youtube could become an amateur softcore-porn forum filled with irrelevant links.
the site’s motto, after all, is “broadcast yourself”—not “broadcast your breasts.”
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ən wɛst tim ˈəðər ðən ðə wən ˈrisəntli əˈpɪrɪŋ ɪn ðə ˈsupər boʊl ræŋks noʊ. 1 ɪn fərst ˈɛˌnɛˈfɛl paʊər ˈræŋkɪŋz əv ðə 2013 offseason*. kɔl ˈjuˈɛs ˈsəkərz fər ðə ɪkˈsaɪtmənt əv fri ˈeɪʤənsi ənd ðə treɪd ˈmɑrkɪt, bət ðə siˈætəl ˈsiˌhɔks' ˈrisənt əˈgrɛsɪv muvz əˈpɛrəntli ˈrɛzəˌneɪtɪd wɪθ ɑr ˈpænəlɪsts. ʤɑn ˈkleɪtən, nɔrθ ˈblɔgər ˈʤeɪmɪsən ˈhɛnzli ənd aɪ ræŋkt siˈætəl əˈtɑp ɑr ˈbæləts. ˈæʃli fɑks hæd ðə ˈsiˌhɔks ˈsɛkənd. ist ˈblɔgər dæn grɑtsiˈɑnoʊ hæd ðɛm θərd. ðət wɑz ɪˈnəf tɪ muv ðə ˈsiˌhɔks ˈɪntu ðə noʊ. 1 spɑt ənd ʤɪst əˈhɛd əv ðə dɪˈfɛndɪŋ ˈʧæmpiən sæn frænˈsɪskoʊ. ðə pənʧ hɛlpt ðə wɛst stænd ɛz ðə dɪˈvɪʒən ɔn ˈævərɪʤ dɪˈspaɪt ə noʊ. 29 ˈræŋkɪŋ fər ðə ˌɛrɪˈzoʊnə ˈkɑrdɪnəlz. ðə st*. luɪs ræmz wər 15th*. ˈsiˌhɔks ənd fænz ɔˈrɛdi hæv bɪn goʊɪŋ æt ɪt ɔn ðə blɔg. ðə timz wɪl ˈəltəmətli ˈsɛtəl ðɪs dəˈbeɪt ɔn ðə fild. fər naʊ, hir ər ə fju ˈrizənz waɪ aɪ geɪv siˈætəl ə slaɪt ɛʤ ɔn maɪ ˈbælət: ˈtrɛndɪŋ: ðə ˈsiˌhɔks hæv bɪn ˈgeɪnɪŋ ɔn ðə fər ðə pæst ˈkəpəl əv jɪrz. ðə wər ɔˈrɛdi ən ɪˈlit tim. siˈætəl hæd mɔr rum fər ˌɪmˈpruvmənt. aɪ fɛlt ɛz ðoʊ ðə ˈsiˌhɔks kɔt ðə leɪt læst ˈsizən. siˈætəl dɪd ˈbɛnəfɪt frəm ə rən əv hoʊm geɪmz əˈgɛnst dɪˈvɪʒən əˈpoʊnənts. kˈwɛʃən mɑrks: ðə ˈpɑrtɪd wɪθ fəˈmɪljər ˈfeɪsɪz ɪn ˈgoʊldsən, ˈwɔkər, ˈaɪzɪk ənd ˈæləks smɪθ. ˈluzɪŋ ðoʊz pleɪərz ˈɪzənt goʊɪŋ tɪ dum sæn frænˈsɪskoʊ. ðə tim maɪt ˌɪmˈpruv ɪn səm ˈkeɪsɪz. bət ðɛrz ə ˈlɪtəl mɔr ənˈsərtənti ðən ˈjuʒəwəl sərˈaʊndɪŋ ðə. θroʊ ɪn ˈʤəstɪn smɪθs ˌriəˌbɪləˈteɪʃən frəm ˈsərʤəri ənd aɪ ˈwəzənt kwaɪt ˈrɛdi tɪ ræŋk ðɛm noʊ. 1 ki əˈdɪʃənz: ˈpərsi ˈhɑrvɪn, ˈmaɪkəl ˈbɛnɪt ənd klɪf ˈævrɪl hæv ðə pəˈtɛnʃəl tɪ bɪˈkəm əˈdɪʃənz. ðɛr wɑz rɪsk ɪn ˈmeɪkɪŋ ðə ˈhɑrvɪn muv. wɪl hi rən hɪz kɔrs ɪn siˈætəl, seɪm ɛz hi dɪd ɪn ˌmɪnɪˈsoʊtə? ɪts ə fɛr kˈwɛʃən, bət aɪ θɪŋk ðə rɪˈzəlts wɪl bi ˈpɑzətɪv ɪn ðə bɪˈgɪnɪŋ, æt list. ənd naʊ, ə ˈkloʊzər lʊk æt ðə ˈræŋkɪŋz wən wik ˈɪntu fri ˈeɪʤənsi: ˈfɑlɪŋ 15 nu jɔrk ʤɛts 6 ˈwɔʃɪŋtən ˈrɛdˌskɪnz 5 ˌmɪnɪˈsoʊtə ˈvaɪkɪŋz 5 ˈbəfəˌloʊ bɪlz 5 ˈdæləs ˈkaʊˌbɔɪz 3 ˈdɛnvər ˈbrɑŋkoʊz 2 æˈtlæntə ˈfælkənz 2 ˌɪndiəˈnæpəlɪs koʊlts 2 ˌkɛrəˈlaɪnə ˈpænθərz 2 ˌɛrɪˈzoʊnə ˈkɑrdɪnəlz 2 nu ˈɪŋglənd ˈpeɪtriəts 1 sæn diˈeɪgoʊ ˈʧɑrʤərz 1 ˈklivlənd braʊnz 1 ˌtɛnəˈsi ˈtaɪtənz 1 ˈʤæksənˌvɪl ˈʤægˌwɑrz 1 ˈraɪzɪŋ 13 ˈkænzəs ˈsɪti ʧifs 8 nu ˌɔˈrlinz seɪnts 7 ˈdiˌtrɔɪt laɪənz 6 siˈætəl ˈsiˌhɔks 4 ˈigəlz 3 ˈhjustən ˈtɛksənz 2 ˈbɔltəˌmɔr ˈreɪvənz 2 ʃəˈkɑˌgoʊ bɛrz 2 sæn frænˈsɪskoʊ 1 ˌsɪnsəˈnæti ˈbɛŋgəlz 1 st*. luɪs ræmz 1 ˈpɪtsbərg ˈstilərz 1 maɪˈæmi ˈdɑlfənz 1 ənˈʧeɪnʤd 4 grin beɪ ˈpækərz, nu jɔrk ʤaɪənts, ˈtæmpə beɪ ˌbəkəˈnirz, ˈoʊklənd ˈreɪdərz. ˈdɛˌdlɑkt: wi broʊk wən taɪ. ˈdɛnvər prɪˈveɪld ˈoʊvər æˈtlæntə fər ðə θərd spɑt. ðə ˈbrɑŋkoʊz wər ræŋkt haɪər ɪn ðə ˈpriviəs poʊl. laɪk maɪndz: tu voʊts ˈsɛpərˌeɪtɪd haɪəst ənd loʊəst voʊts fər siˈætəl, sæn frænˈsɪskoʊ, ˈhjustən, ʃəˈkɑˌgoʊ ənd ˈtæmpə beɪ. əˈgri tɪ dɪsəˈgri: twɛlv voʊts ˈsɛpərˌeɪtɪd haɪəst ənd loʊəst voʊts fər ˌmɪnɪˈsoʊtə. ˈilɛvən voʊts ˈsɛpərˌeɪtɪd haɪəst ənd loʊəst voʊts fər ˈpɪtsbərg. ə lʊk æt ðə faɪv timz ˈʤɛnərˌeɪtɪŋ dɪˈspɛrətiz əv æt list eɪt spɑts ɔn ɑr ˈvoʊtərz' ˈbæləts: ˈvaɪkɪŋz 12 grɑtsiˈɑnoʊ ræŋkt ðə ˈvaɪkɪŋz 10th*, haɪər ðən ˈɛni ˈəðər ˈvoʊtər ræŋkt ðɛm. ˈhɛnzli ræŋkt ðɛm 22nd*, loʊər ðən ˈɛni ˈvoʊtər ræŋkt ðɛm. ˈstilərz 11 ˈkleɪtən 10th*, grɑtsiˈɑnoʊ 21st*. ˈrɛdˌskɪnz 9 ˈhɛnzli eɪθ, ˈkleɪtən 17th*. ˈkaʊˌbɔɪz 9 grɑtsiˈɑnoʊ ənd ˈkleɪtən 15th*, ˈhɛnzli 24th*. seɪnts 8 fɑks naɪnθ, grɑtsiˈɑnoʊ 17th*. paʊər ˈræŋkɪŋz ˈhɪstəriz: ðiz ˈkələrfəl leɪərd græfs ʃoʊ wɛr iʧ ˈɛˌnɛˈfɛl tim həz ræŋkt ˈɛvəri wik sɪns ðə 2002 ˈsizən. ˈræŋkɪŋ ðə dɪˈvɪʒənz: ðə wɛst rɪˈmeɪnd ðə dɪˈvɪʒən wɪθ ə ˈævərɪʤ ˈræŋkɪŋ fər ɪts timz. ðət wɑz əp sˈlaɪtli frəm ə ˈævərɪʤ æt ˈrɛgjələr ˈsizənz ɛnd. saʊθ timz wər ˈsɛkənd ðɪs taɪm wɪθ ə ˈævərɪʤ ˈræŋkɪŋ, ˈfɑloʊd baɪ ðə nɔrθ nɔrθ ist saʊθ wɛst ənd ist ə lʊk æt ˈʧeɪnʤɪz əv æt list faɪv spɑts sɪns læst wik:
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an nfc west team other than the one recently appearing in the super bowl ranks no. 1 in espn's first nfl power rankings of the 2013 offseason.
call us suckers for the excitement of free agency and the trade market, but the seattle seahawks' recent aggressive moves apparently resonated with our panelists. john clayton, afc north blogger jamison hensley and i ranked seattle atop our ballots. ashley fox had the seahawks second. nfc east blogger dan graziano had them third.
that was enough to move the seahawks into the no. 1 spot and just ahead of the defending nfc champion san francisco 49ers. the 1-2 punch helped the nfc west stand as the highest-rated division on average despite a no. 29 ranking for the arizona cardinals. the st. louis rams were 15th.
seahawks and 49ers fans already have been going at it on the blog. the teams will ultimately settle this debate on the field. for now, here are a few reasons why i gave seattle a slight edge on my ballot:
trending: the seahawks have been gaining on the 49ers for the past couple of years. the 49ers were already an elite team. seattle had more room for improvement. i felt as though the seahawks caught the 49ers late last season. seattle did benefit from a run of late-season home games against division opponents.
49ers question marks: the 49ers parted with familiar faces in dashon goldson, delanie walker, isaac sopoaga and alex smith. losing those players isn't going to doom san francisco. the team might improve in some cases. but there's a little more uncertainty than usual surrounding the 49ers. throw in justin smith's rehabilitation from surgery and i wasn't quite ready to rank them no. 1.
key additions: percy harvin, michael bennett and cliff avril have the potential to become high-impact additions. there was risk in making the harvin move. will he run his course in seattle, same as he did in minnesota? it's a fair question, but i think the results will be positive in the beginning, at least.
and now, a closer look at the rankings one week into free agency:
falling (15): new york jets (-6), washington redskins (-5), minnesota vikings (-5), buffalo bills (-5), dallas cowboys (-3), denver broncos (-2), atlanta falcons (-2), indianapolis colts (-2), carolina panthers (-2), arizona cardinals (-2), new england patriots (-1), san diego chargers (-1), cleveland browns (-1), tennessee titans (-1), jacksonville jaguars (-1).
rising (13): kansas city chiefs (+8), new orleans saints (+7), detroit lions (+6), seattle seahawks (+4), philadlephia eagles (+3), houston texans (+2), baltimore ravens (+2), chicago bears (+2), san francisco 49ers (+1), cincinnati bengals (+1), st. louis rams (+1), pittsburgh steelers (+1), miami dolphins (+1).
unchanged (4): green bay packers, new york giants, tampa bay buccaneers, oakland raiders.
deadlocked: we broke one tie. denver prevailed over atlanta for the third spot. the broncos were ranked higher in the previous poll.
like minds: two votes separated highest and lowest votes for seattle, san francisco, houston, chicago and tampa bay.
agree to disagree: twelve votes separated highest and lowest votes for minnesota. eleven votes separated highest and lowest votes for pittsburgh. a look at the five teams generating high-low disparities of at least eight spots on our voters' ballots:
vikings (12): graziano ranked the vikings 10th, higher than any other voter ranked them. hensley ranked them 22nd, lower than any voter ranked them.
steelers (11): clayton 10th, graziano 21st.
redskins (9): hensley eighth, clayton 17th.
cowboys (9): graziano and clayton 15th, hensley 24th.
saints (8): fox ninth, graziano 17th.
power rankings histories: these colorful layered graphs show where each nfl team has ranked every week since the 2002 season.
ranking the divisions: the nfc west remained the highest-ranked division with a 12.3 average ranking for its teams. that was up slightly from a 12.8 average at regular season's end. nfc south teams were second this time with a 13.9 average ranking, followed by the nfc north (14.2), afc north (15.1), nfc east (17.4), afc south (18.8), afc west (20.1) and afc east (20.5).
a voter-by-voter look at changes of at least five spots since last week:
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ˈæftər ðə bɪg θri ˈdiˌtrɔɪt ˈɔtoʊ ˈmeɪkərz ɛˈsɛnʃəli hæd ðɛr ˈhændɪd tɪ ðɛm ɪn ə bæg baɪ ˈwɔʃɪŋtən ˌpɑləˈtɪʃənz læst wik, ðeɪ hæv bɪn ˈskræmbəlɪŋ tɪ faɪnd weɪz tɪ gɪt ðə ˈməni ðeɪ fil ðeɪ nid tɪ steɪ əˈlaɪv ənd ðɛr prəˈpoʊzd səˈluʃənz ər ˈmeɪkɪŋ ˈtɛzlə krɪnʤ. [social_buttons*] læst jɪr, wɪn ðə ˈjuˈɛs ˈkɑŋgrəs pæst ðə ˈɛnərʤi ˌɪndɪˈpɛndəns ənd sɪˈkjʊrəti ækt (ˈeɪsə), ə 25 ˈbɪljən fənd kɔld ðə tɛkˈnɑləʤi ˈviɪkəl ˌmænjəˈfækʧərɪŋ ˌɪnˈsɛnɪv program”*” (atvm*) wɑz ɪˈstæblɪʃt tɪ hɛlp nu ənd ɪgˈzɪstɪŋ ˈɔtoʊ ˈmeɪkərz ðɛr ˌɑpərˈeɪʃənz tɪ brɪŋ nɛkst ˌʤɛnərˈeɪʃən kɑr tɛkˈnɑləʤiz tɪ ˈmɑrkɪt kˈwɪkli. ʤɪst ðɪs mənθ, ðə ˈproʊˌgræm ˈstɑrtɪd əkˈsɛptɪŋ ˌæpləˈkeɪʃənz fər fəndz frəm ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪd ˈpɑrtiz. bət ɪn ɔl ðə ˈhəbəb sərˈaʊndɪŋ ðə ˈdaʊnˌfɔl əv ðə ɪˈstæblɪʃt əˈmɛrɪkən ˈɔtoʊ ˌmænjəˈfækʧərərz, wən əv ðə aɪˈdiəz əˈpɛrəntli biɪŋ ˈfloʊtɪd baɪ ðə əv gm*, fɔrd ənd ˈkraɪslər ɪz tɪ ˈkɑnvərt səm ər ɔl əv ðət 25 ˈbɪljən ˈɪntu wət əˈmaʊnts tɪ ə ˈbeɪˌlaʊt. ˈnidləs tɪ seɪ, kɑr ˈmeɪkərz laɪk ˈtɛzlə ˈhæpi əˈbaʊt ðɪs ˈstrætəʤi. ˈtɛzlə həz əˈplaɪd fər ˈfəndɪŋ frəm ðə tɪ ˈəndərˌteɪk tu ˈprɑʤɛkts ən ədˈvænst ˈbætəri ənd ˈpaʊrˌtreɪn ˌmænjəˈfækʧərɪŋ fəˈsɪlɪti ənd ə ˌmænjəˈfækʧərɪŋ fəˈsɪlɪti tɪ bɪld ðɛr ˈəpˌkəmɪŋ ɪˈlɛktrɪk səˈdæn noʊn ɛz ðə s.”*.” soʊ, ɪn ə ˌθæŋksˈgɪvɪŋ blɔg poʊst, o’connell*, ˈtɛzlə motors’*’ vaɪs ˈprɛzɪdənt əv ˈbɪznɪs dɪˈvɛləpmənt, ˌkætəˈgɔrɪkli ˈaʊˌtlaɪnz haʊ ˈʃɪftɪŋ ˈɛni əv ðə 25 ˈbɪljən ˈɪntu ə ˈbeɪˌlaʊt bi ən ɪˈnɔrmɪs mistake,”*,” ˈædɪŋ ðət ərˈɪʤənəl ˈspɪrɪt ənd ˌɪnˈtɛnt əv ðə ˈproʊˌgræm ɪz ˈkrɪtɪkəl fər ðə ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk sɪˈkjʊrəti ənd ðə ˌɪmˈpɔrtəns əv ðə ˈproʊˌgræm ɪz ˈivɪn ˈgreɪtər ˈgɪvɪn ðə ˈhɛroʊɪŋ ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk climate.”*.” aɪ ˈhæpən tɪ ˈfʊli əˈgri wɪθ ˈtɛzlə ɔn ðɪs wən. ðət ˈməni ɪz ˌɪnˈtɛndɪd tɪ ˈrɛktəˌfaɪ ðə ˈprɑbləmz ðət gɑt ðə bɪg θri ˈɪntu ˈtrəbəl ɪn ðə fərst pleɪs ðət biɪŋ ðɛr læk əv ˈfɔrˌsaɪt ənd dɪˈzaɪər fər ʧeɪnʤ. ɛz nu jɔrk taɪmz kənˈtrɪbjətər ˌmɪʃələn ˈmeɪnərd həz sɛd, [həz] pruvd jɛt əˈgɛn ðət ɪt [həz] nɑt ˌəndərˈstʊd ðə ˈsaɪki əv əˈmɛrɪkən consumers.”*.” ɪn ˈəðər wərdz, ˈdiˌtrɔɪt mɪst ðə boʊt ənd meɪd ə ˈfeɪtəl strəˈtiʤɪk ˌkælkjəˈleɪʃən ðət ˈpipəl wʊd kənˈtɪnju tɪ baɪ ˈlɑrʤər ənd ˈlɑrʤər kɑz wɪˈθaʊt ˈnɛri ə ˈsɛkənd θɔt. dɪz ðət min wi beɪl ðɛm aʊt æt ɔl? ˈmeɪbi soʊ, ˈmeɪbi not…*… stɪl nɑt kənˈvɪnst wi seɪv ðə bɪg θri ɪn səm fɔrm. ɛz mɪʧ sɛd ɪn ə ˈdiˌtrɔɪt fri prɛs ˈɑrtɪkəl læst wik, ɪf wi lɛt ðə bɪg θri daɪ wi lɛt ɑr spaɪn kəˈlæps. əˈmɛrɪkə bi ə ˈkəntri əv ˈlɔjərz ənd ˌfaɪˈnænʃəl ˈænəlɪsts. wi hæv tɪ ˌmænjəˈfækʧər. wi nid ðət ˌɪnfrəˈstrəkʧər. wi nid ðoʊz ʤɑbz. wi nid ðət sɪˈkjʊrəti. hæv [wi] fərˈgɑtən hu bɪlt ɪkˈwɪpmənt ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə wərld wars?”*?” ˌnənðəˈlɛs, aɪ θɪŋk ðə ˈməni ʃʊd bi juzd fər ˈɛniˌθɪŋ ˈəðər ðən ˈbrɪŋɪŋ ɑr kɑr tɛkˈnɑləʤiz ˈɪntu ðɪs ˈsɛnʧəri. soʊ ɔn ðɪs pɔɪnt ˈtɛzlə ɪz raɪt. aɪ teɪk ɪt ə stɛp ˈfərðər ðoʊ ənd seɪ ðət pərˈhæps wi du nid tɪ seɪv ˈdiˌtrɔɪt, bət wi nid tɪ du ɪt ɪn ə weɪ ðət ˈpɛnəˌlaɪz ðə kɑr ˈkəmpəˌniz ðət hæv bɪn duɪŋ ɪt raɪt. ˈɪmɪʤ ˈkrɛdɪt: ˈtɛzlə ˈmoʊtərz
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after the big three detroit auto makers essentially had their rear-ends handed to them in a bag by washington politicians last week, they have been scrambling to find ways to get the money they feel they need to stay alive — and their proposed solutions are making tesla cringe.
[social_buttons]
last year, when the us congress passed the energy independence and security act (eisa), a $25 billion fund called the “advanced technology vehicle manufacturing incentive program” (atvm) was established to help new and existing auto makers re-tool their operations to bring next generation car technologies to market quickly. just this month, the program started accepting applications for funds from interested parties.
but in all the hubbub surrounding the downfall of the established american auto manufacturers, one of the ideas apparently being floated by the ceos of gm, ford and chrysler is to convert some or all of that $25 billion into what amounts to a bailout.
needless to say, car makers like tesla aren’t happy about this strategy. tesla has applied for funding from the atvm to undertake two projects — an advanced battery and powertrain manufacturing facility and a manufacturing facility to build their upcoming five-passenger electric sedan known as the “model s.”
so, in a thanksgiving blog post, diarmuid o’connell, tesla motors’ vice president of business development, categorically outlines how shifting any of the atvm $25 billion into a bailout “would be an enormous mistake,” adding that “the original spirit and intent of the program is critical for the nation’s economic security – and the importance of the program is even greater given the harrowing economic climate.”
i happen to fully agree with tesla on this one. that money is intended to rectify the problems that got the big three into trouble in the first place — that being their lack of foresight and desire for change. as new york times contributor micheline maynard has said, “detroit [has] proved yet again that it [has] not understood the psyche of american consumers.”
in other words, detroit missed the boat and made a fatal strategic calculation that people would continue to buy larger and larger cars without nary a second thought. does that mean we shouldn’t bail them out at all? maybe so, maybe not… i’m still not convinced we shouldn’t save the big three in some form.
as mitch albom said in a detroit free press article last week, if we let the big three die we let our “national spine collapse. america can’t be a country of lawyers and financial analysts. we have to manufacture. we need that infrastructure. we need those jobs. we need that security. have [we] forgotten who built equipment during the world wars?”
nonetheless, i don’t think the atvm money should be used for anything other than bringing our car technologies into this century. so on this point tesla is right. i take it a step further though and say that perhaps we do need to save detroit, but we need to do it in a way that doesn’t penalize the car companies that have been doing it right.
image credit: tesla motors
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ðə əˈdɪʃən əv ˈdeɪvɪd kɑb kʊd min grin ɪz ɔn ðə weɪ aʊt əv ˌtɛnəˈsi. ðə ˌtɛnəˈsi ˈtaɪtənz hæv ˈædɪd ˈdeɪvɪd kɑb tɪ ðɛr ˈbækˌfild, səˈlɛktɪŋ ɪm wɪθ ðə ˈsɛkənd pɪk ɪn ðə fɪθ raʊnd. waɪl ðə kɑb pɪk meɪ nɑt bi ðə ˈsɛksiəst wən, əˈspɛʃəli ɪn ə klæs fɪld wɪθ greɪt ˈrənɪŋ bæks, kɑb həz ðə əˈbɪləˌti tɪ dɪˈvɛləp ˈɪntu ə ˈwərˌkhɔrs æt ðə nɛkst ˈlɛvəl. wən əv ðə moʊst pərˈdəktɪv bæks ɪn ðə læst jɪr, kɑb pʊt əp jɑrdz ɔn 314 ˈkɛriz ənd 13 ˈtəʧˌdaʊnz bɪˈhaɪnd ə ˌmɪnɪˈsoʊtə əˈfɛnsɪv laɪn. ðə nuəst ˈtaɪtənz' bæk ɪz θɪk ənd ˈkɑmpækt, ˈstændɪŋ ənd 229 paʊnz, ənd ʃoʊz ˈsɑləd ˈvɪʒən ənd rənz wɪθ paʊər. ˈrənɪŋ loʊ ənd ˈdraɪvɪŋ hɪz lɛgz ɪn ˈtræfɪk, kɑb ɪz hɑrd tɪ brɪŋ daʊn, ənd ræks əp lɑts əv jɑrdz ˈæftər ˈkɑnˌtækt. wɛr hi livz ə lɔt tɪ bi dɪˈzaɪərd ɪz ɪn hɪz kˈwɪknəs ənd explosiveness*. hiz nɑt ə daɪˈnæmɪk ˈrənər hu ɪz goʊɪŋ tɪ kriˈeɪt ˈhaɪˌlaɪt rənz ər skɛr dɪˈfɛnsɪz wɪθ hɪz spid wɪn hi gɪts tɪ ðə ɛʤ. waɪl hil ˈnɛvər bi ə hoʊm rən ˈhɪtər, ˈpaʊərfəl ˈrənɪŋ staɪl ənd noʊz fər ðə ɛnd zoʊn kʊd ˈkɛri ˈoʊvər wɛl ənd, ənd hi wɪl hæv ðə ˌɑpərˈtunəti tɪ səˈplænt grin ənd kɑrv hɪmˈsɛlf ə nis roʊl ɪn ðə ˈtaɪtənz ˈbækˌfild. kɑb ɪn ˌtɛnəˈsi kɑb ʤɔɪnz grin, ˈbɪʃəp ˈsæŋki, ənd ˈdɛkstər ɪn ə ˈtaɪtənz ˈbækˌfild ðət, waɪl nɑt ɪkˈsɛpʃənəli ˈtæləntɪd, ɪz ˈfɛrli ˈkraʊdɪd. ˈgrænɪd, kɑb ənd ˈoʊnli pleɪ ðə seɪm pəˈzɪʃən baɪ ˈtaɪtəl, ənd woʊnt ˌɪmˈpækt iʧ ˈəðərz' snæp kaʊnts, bət ɪf ðə ˈtaɪtənz' bræs vju ˈsæŋki ɛz ə bæk, ðɛn ðət kʊd ˈlɪmət ðə ˈtəʧɪz tɪ goʊ əraʊnd. kɑb ənd grin hæv ˈnɪrli aɪˈdɛntɪkəl ənd wɪl bi ˈfaɪtɪŋ fər ðə seɪm roʊl. ɪn fækt, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ mockdraftable*, grin ɪz ðə ˈdeɪvɪd ˈsɛvənθ moʊst ˈsɪmələr pleɪər kəmˈpɛrəsən. ðə gʊd nuz fər kɑb ɪz ðət grin həz bɪlt hɪz kərɪr ɔn biɪŋ kənˈsɪstəntli pəˈdɛstriən, soʊ ɪt woʊnt teɪk ə ˌpɑrˈtɪkjələrli ˈspɛʃəl pleɪər tɪ ənˈsit ɪm. grin həz ˈpoʊstɪd ə ˈrəʃɪŋ nɛt ɪkˈspɛktɪd pɔɪnts (nep*) pər ˈkɛri əv ˈdʊrɪŋ hɪz kərɪr, ˈminɪŋ wɪn hi ˈtəʧɪz ðə bɔl hɪz tim ˈniðər geɪnz nɔr ˈluzɪz ɪkˈspɛktɪd pɔɪnts ɔn ˈævərɪʤ. ðɪs ˌmidiˈɑkrəti həz bɪn kənˈsɪstənt, ənd grin həz ˈpoʊstɪd ə skɔr əv ɪn θri əv hɪz sɪks ˈsizənz, biɪŋ sˈlaɪtli əˈbəv ðət ɪn 2010 ənd sˈlaɪtli bɪˈloʊ ɪn 2009 ənd 2014 ənd rɪˈspɛktɪvli). ɪf kɑb kən ˈivɪn ʃoʊz ˈflæʃɪz əv biɪŋ ˈərli ɪn hɪz kərɪr, ɪt wʊd bi səˈpraɪzɪŋ tɪ si grin stɪk əraʊnd ɪn ˌtɛnəˈsi məʧ ˈlɔŋgər. ðə ˈtaɪtənz' əˈfɛns ɪz ˈʃeɪpɪŋ əp ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪŋli θru ðə dræft, ˈnoʊtəbli ˈædɪŋ ˈmɑrkəs ənd green-beckham*, ənd ɪz fɪld wɪθ kˈwɛʃən mɑrks. waɪl kɛn ˈwaɪzənˌhənt ənd ðə ˈtaɪtənz wər læst jɪr ðeɪ ˈfɪnɪʃt ɪn ðə lig wɪθ ə pæs tɪ rən ˈreɪʃiˌoʊ əv ðət kən ˈpɑrʃəli bi əˈtrɪbjətəd tɪ gameflow*. ə tim ɪz fɔrst tɪ pæs ə lɔt, ənd ðɛr kən bi ˈvælju ɪn səˈpɔrtɪŋ ðɛr nu ˈrʊki kˈwɔrtərˌbæk wɪθ ə strɔŋ rən geɪm. kɑb meɪ stɑrt ðə 2015 ˈsizən ɔn ðə ˈaʊtˈsaɪd ˈlʊkɪŋ ɪn, bət ðɛr ɪz ˈsərtənli ˌɑpərˈtunəti ɪn ðə ˌtɛnəˈsi ˈbækˌfild ðət hi kən teɪk ædˈvæntɪʤ əv ɪf hi kən trænˈzɪʃən wɛl tɪ ðə ˈɛˌnɛˈfɛl ˈlɛvəl. grin kʊd ˈvɛri ˈizəli faɪnd hɪmˈsɛlf ˈwɑʧɪŋ geɪmz frəm ðə ˈsaɪˌdlaɪnz waɪl kɑb teɪks ˈoʊvər ənd ʤɔɪnz ˈbɪʃəp ˈsæŋki ɪn ə pənʧ tɪ səˈpɔrt ənd ðə ˈtaɪtənz' ˈpæsɪŋ əˈtæk.
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the addition of david cobb could mean shonn greene is on the way out of tennessee.
the tennessee titans have added david cobb to their backfield, selecting him with the second pick in the fifth round.
while the cobb pick may not be the sexiest one, especially in a class filled with great running backs, cobb has the ability to develop into a workhorse at the next level.
one of the most productive backs in the ncaa last year, cobb put up 1,626 yards on 314 carries and 13 touchdowns behind a sub-par minnesota offensive line.
the newest titans' back is thick and compact, standing 5'11" and 229 pounds, and shows solid vision and runs with power. running low and driving his legs in traffic, cobb is hard to bring down, and racks up lots of yards after contact.
where he leaves a lot to be desired is in his quickness and explosiveness. he's not a dynamic runner who is going to create 50-yard highlight runs or scare defenses with his speed when he gets to the edge.
while he'll never be a home run hitter, cobb's powerful running style and nose for the end zone could carry over well and, and he will have the opportunity to supplant shonn greene and carve himself a nice role in the titans backfield.
cobb in tennessee
cobb joins greene, bishop sankey, and dexter mccluster in a titans backfield that, while not exceptionally talented, is fairly crowded. granted, cobb and mccluster only play the same position by title, and wont impact each others' snap counts, but if the titans' brass view sankey as a three-down back, then that could limit the touches to go around.
cobb and greene have nearly identical skill-sets and will be fighting for the same role. in fact, according to mockdraftable, shonn greene is the david cobb's seventh most similar player comparison.
the good news for cobb is that greene has built his career on being consistently pedestrian, so it won't take a particularly special player to unseat him.
greene has posted a rushing net expected points (nep) per carry of 0.00 during his career, meaning when he touches the ball his team neither gains nor loses expected points on average. this mediocrity has been consistent, and greene has posted a score of 0.00 in three of his six seasons, being slightly above that in 2010 (0.01) and slightly below in 2009 and 2014 (-0.03 and -0.04, respectively).
if cobb can even shows flashes of being above-average early in his career, it would be surprising to see greene stick around in tennessee much longer.
the titans' offense is shaping up interestingly through the draft, notably adding marcus mariota and dorial green-beckham, and is filled with question marks.
while ken whisenhunt and the titans were pass-heavy last year -- they finished 10th in the league with a pass to run ratio of 1.58 -- that can partially be attributed to gameflow. a 2-14 team is forced to pass a lot, and there can be value in supporting their new rookie quarterback with a strong run game.
cobb may start the 2015 season on the outside looking in, but there is certainly opportunity in the tennessee backfield that he can take advantage of if he can transition well to the nfl level. shonn greene could very easily find himself watching games from the sidelines while cobb takes over and joins bishop sankey in a 1-2 punch to support mariota and the titans' passing attack.
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wət ɪf ðɛr wɑz noʊ mɔr ˈvaɪələns? noʊ mɔr gæŋ wɔrz ˈoʊvər ˌklaɪənˈtɛl ər ˈtɛrɪˌtɔri? noʊ mɔr ˈjusləs ˈmərdərz, dɪˈstrəkʃən əv lænd, ˈprɑpərti, ˌɪˈligəl ˌɪməˈgreɪʃən, ˌprɑstəˈtuʃən, ər ˌdɪstrəˈbjuʃən əv ˌɪˈligəl gʊdz? ɪz ðɛr ə ˈfizəbəl ˈænsər tɪ ˈsɑlvɪŋ ðɪs ˈprɑbləm əv drəg wɔrz ənd ðɛr læk əv səkˈsɛs ɔn ˈɛndɪŋ drəg ˈtræfɪkɪŋ ənd ˈvaɪələns? kʊd ˈɛndɪŋ ðə ˌproʊəˈbɪʃən ɔn drəgz pʊt ən ɛnd tɪ ðə drəg wɔrz ənd ˈvaɪələns baɪ ɪˈlɪməˌneɪtɪŋ ðɛr blæk ˈmɑrkɪt? ðə wɔr ɔn drəgz ɪz ˈfeɪlɪŋ. baɪ ˈɛndɪŋ ðɪs wɔr, ˈvaɪələns wʊd stɑp. əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ðə ˈkaʊnsəl ɔn ˈfɔrən relations’*’ ˈfɔrən əˈfɛrz, ðə məˈʤɔrəti əv ˌɪˈlɪsət drəgz kənˈsumd ɪn ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts kəm θru ər frəm ˈmɛksəˌkoʊ, ənd ˈvərʧuəli ɔl ðə ˈrɛvəˌnu əv ˈmɛksəkən ˌɔrgənəˈzeɪʃənz kəmz frəm seɪlz ɪn ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts. ðɪs ˌɪnˈkludz koʊˈkeɪn, ˈhɛroʊən, methamphetamines*, ənd ˈkænəbəs (stuərt 2012 ðɪs ɪz ə ˈbɪznɪs, ə bɪg ˈbɪznɪs. nɑt tɪ ˈmɛnʃən ðə juz. ənd ˈmɛksəkən ˈɛfərts tɪ kənˈtroʊl ənd dɪˈtər ðɪs ækˈtɪvɪti frəm ˈhæpənɪŋ. boʊθ ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts ənd ˈmɛksəˌkoʊ spɛnd ˈmɪljənz əv ˈdɔlərz iʧ jɪr ɔn ˈbɔrdər kənˈtroʊl, drəg ˈsərʧɪz, drəg ərˈɛsts, ˈvaɪələns, ənd mɔr ˈoʊnli tɪ hæv ðə ˈprɑbləmz riəˈkər mənθ ˈæftər mənθ. mɔr ðən ə ˈθaʊzənd ˈpipəl daɪ iʧ mənθ du tɪ ˈvaɪələns ɪn ˈmɛksəˌkoʊ əˈloʊn, ənd ɪn səm pɑrts əv ðə ˈkəntri, ˈivɪn pəˈlis ˈfɔrsɪz faɪnd ðɛmˈsɛlvz ˈaʊtˌgənd baɪ drəg ˈtræfɪkərz. ðiz kraɪmz, ɔn goʊɪŋ fər ˈdɛkeɪdz, hæv əˈfɛktɪd ðə lɪvz, ˈlɪbərˌti, ɪˈkɑnəmiz, ənd ˈpɑləsiz əv ˈmɪljənz əv ˈpipəl ɪn boʊθ ˈkəntriz. haʊ həz ðɪs wɔr əˈfɛktɪd soʊ ˈmɛni ˈpipəl, ənd kən ə pis bi faʊnd? ˈmɛni əˈgri ðət ˌɪˈlɪsət drəgz ənd kənˈtroʊld ˈsəbstənsɪz ər ˈbɛtər ɔf ðət weɪ (ˈstɑsəl 2012 ˈæftər ɔl, ˈmɛni əv ðiz kənˈtroʊld ˈsəbstənsɪz ər ˈvɛri ˈhæzərdəs tɪ hɛlθ, habit-forming*, ənd wʊd pəˈtɛnʃəli kɔz greɪt ˈprɑbləmz ɪf ˈfrili soʊld ənd dɪˈstrɪbjətəd ɪn ðə kəmˈjunɪti. ɛz kənˈvɪnsɪŋ ɛz ðiz pɔɪnts meɪ bi, ðə ˈprɑbləmz wɪθ kənˈtroʊlɪŋ ənd ˌproʊəˈbɪʃən əv ˈsəbstənsɪz ər ˈɔfən ˈoʊvərˌlʊkt. wɪˈθɪn ðə drəg treɪd ðɛr ɪz ˈvaɪələns, dɛθ əv ˈɪnəsənts, ˌfaɪˈnænʃəl kərˈəpʃən, ənd kərˈəpʃən wɪθ əˈθɔrətiz, ˌɪnˌkɑrsərˈeɪʃən reɪts, ənd ˌfaɪˈnænʃəl kɔsts tɪ soʊˈsaɪɪti ðət kʊd pəˈtɛnʃəli bi stɑpt wɪθ ðə ˈlɪftɪŋ əv ˌproʊəˈbɪʃən ɪn boʊθ ˈkəntriz. ɪgˈzæmɪnɪŋ ðiz ˈprɑbləmz ɪn boʊθ ˈkəlʧərz, aɪ hoʊp tɪ ˈɪləˌstreɪt ðə ˌdɪsˈhɑrtnɪŋ weɪst ənd ˈmɔrəl kɔsts ɪn ðə neɪm əv ˌmɔˈræləˌti. ɪn əˈdɪʃən tɪ ðiz, aɪ wʊd laɪk tɪ ˈɪləˌstreɪt ðə dɪˈzæstərz əv ðə wɔrz wɪˈθɪn ðə drəg ˈmɑrkɪt, ɛz wɛl ɛz ðə wɔrz əˈgɛnst ðə drəg ˈmɑrkɪt. boʊθ əv ðiz ər ˈjusləs ənd kɔst lɪvz ənd ˈmɪljənz əv ˈdɔlərz. ˈfaɪnəli, aɪ wʊd laɪk tɪ ɪgˈzæmɪn ˈænsər ðə kˈwɛʃən: ˈɛndɪŋ ðə ˌproʊəˈbɪʃən ɔn drəgz ɪn ðə juz. ənd ˈmɛksəˌkoʊ pʊt ən ɛnd tɪ ðə drəg wɔrz ənd ˈvaɪələns baɪ ɪˈlɪməˌneɪtɪŋ ðɛr blæk market?”*?” ɛz ðə ˈmɛksəkən drəg wɔr həz bɪn goʊɪŋ ɔn fər ˈdɛkeɪdz. baɪ kənˈsəltɪŋ boʊθ əˈmɛrɪkən ənd ˈmɛksəkən ˈgəvərnmənt stəˈtɪstɪks, nuz rɪˈpɔrts, ˈɑrtɪkəlz, aɪ hoʊp tɪ ɪˈstæblɪʃ graʊnz ðət ˈdɛmənˌstreɪt ðə wɔr wɪθ ðə blæk ˈmɑrkɪt tɪ pərˈpɛʧəˌweɪt ˌɪtˈsɛlf, ənd ðə wɔr ˈaʊtˈsaɪd ðə blæk ˈmɑrkɪt ðət siks tɪ stɑp ɪt ər boʊθ ˈtræʤɪk ənd ˈjusləs, ənd ðət ˈɛndɪŋ ˌproʊəˈbɪʃən ɪn wən ər boʊθ ˈkəntriz wʊd bi ˈgreɪtli ˌbɛnəˈfɪʃəl tɪ ðə ˈpipəlz əv boʊθ. ɪn ðə spərɪŋ ənd ˈsəmər əv 1973 ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts haʊs əv ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnətɪvz ənd ðə juz. ˈsɛnɪt hərd mənθs əv ˈtɛstɪˌmoʊni ɔn ˈrɪʧərd ˌriɔrgənəˈzeɪʃən plæn ˈnəmbər 2 wɪʧ prəˈpoʊzd ðə kriˈeɪʃən əv ə ˈsɪŋgəl ˈfɛdərəl ˈeɪʤənsi tɪ kənˈsɑlɪˌdeɪt ənd koʊˈɔrdəˌneɪt ðə drəg kənˈtroʊl ækˈtɪvɪtiz (di 2011 ðə drəg ɛnˈfɔrsmənt ædˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃən wɑz kriˈeɪtɪd baɪ ˈprɛzɪdənt ˈrɪʧərd ˈnɪksən θru ən ɪgˈzɛkjətɪv ˈɔrdər ɪn ˌʤuˈlaɪ 1973 ɪn ˈɔrdər tɪ ɪˈstæblɪʃ ə ˈsɪŋgəl ˈjunəˌfaɪd kəˈmænd tɪ ˈkɑmbæt "ən ˈɔˈlaʊt ˈgloʊbəl wɔr ɔn ðə drəg ˈmɛnɪs." æt ɪts ˈaʊtˌsɛt, ðə di hæd ˈspɛʃəl ˈeɪʤənts ənd ə ˈbəʤɪt əv 75 ˈmɪljən (di 2011 təˈdeɪ, ðə di həz ˈnɪrli ˈspɛʃəl ˈeɪʤənts ənd ə ˈbəʤɪt əv 2 ˈbɪljən (di 2011 ðə ˈmɪʃən ɪz tɪ ɛnˈfɔrs kənˈtroʊld ˈsəbstəns lɔz ənd ˌrɛgjəˈleɪʃənz əv ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts ər ˈɛni ˈəðər ˈkɑmpətɪnt ˌʤʊrɪsˈdɪkʃən, ðoʊz ˌɔrgənəˈzeɪʃənz ənd ˈprɪnsəpəl ˈmɛmbərz əv ˌɔrgənəˈzeɪʃənz, ˌɪnˈvɑlvd ɪn ðə groʊɪŋ, ˌmænjəˈfækʧər, ər ˌdɪstrəˈbjuʃən əv kənˈtroʊld ˈsəbstənsɪz əˈpɪrɪŋ ɪn ər ˈdɛstɪnd fər ˌɪˈlɪsət ˈtræfɪk ɪn ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts; ənd tɪ ˌrɛkəˈmɛnd ənd səˈpɔrt ˈproʊˌgræmz eɪmd æt rɪˈdusɪŋ ðə əˌveɪləˈbɪlɪti əv ˌɪˈlɪsət kənˈtroʊld ˈsəbstənsɪz ɔn ðə dəˈmɛstɪk ənd ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl ˈmɑrkɪts. ɪn ˈəðər wərdz, ðə di straɪvz tɪ ˌblɑˈkeɪd ənd ɪˈlɪməˌneɪt ˌɪˈlɪsət ˈsəbstənsɪz ər ðə ˈprɑdəkt ənd ˌdɪstrəˈbjuʃən ɪn ˈɔrdər tɪ ʃət daʊn ðə drəg ˈmɑrkɪt. ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts ˈgəvərnmənt həz pʊt ˈprɛʃər ɔn ˈmɛksəˌkoʊ du tɪ drəg ˈtræfɪkɪŋ ənd həz ˈðɛrˌfɔr həz ˈɪnfluənst ˈmɛksəkən dəˈmɛstɪk ənd ˈfɔrən ˈpɑləˌtɪks, ˈɑrgjuəbli tɪ ðə ˈbɛnəfɪt əv ðə juz. ɛz ɪt wɑz θɔt ðət drəgz ənd ˌɪˈlɪsət ˈsəbstənsɪz hæd ˈlɪtəl ˈdæmɪʤ dən tɪ ˈmɛksəkən soʊˈsaɪɪti. ðɪs ˈmuvmənt pruvd tɪ bi ɪˈfɪʃənt ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə baɪ ˌɑpərˈeɪʃən ˈkɑndər, ˈɪmpləˌmɛnəd baɪ ðə ˈnɪksən ædˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃən ɪn 1969 2002 ən ˈɑbviəs flɔ ɪn ðɪs ˈmuvmənt ɪz ðət ɪt dɪz nɑt ɪˈlɪməˌneɪt ðə dɪˈmænd fər ˌɪˈlɪsət ˈsəbstənsɪz ənd ˈprɑdəkts. sɪns ðə dɪˈmænd fər ˌɪˈlɪsət ˈsəbstənsɪz stɪl ɪgˈzɪsts, ðə ˈmɑrkɪt əv ˌɪˈlɪsət ˈsəbstənsɪz stɪl ɪgˈzɪsts ənd ˈðɛrˌfɔr prəˈvaɪdz ən ˌɑpərˈtunəti fər ˈbɪznɪs. ˈhɔrheɪ dɪˈskəsɪz ðə əˈfɛkt ðət ˌɪˈligəl drəgz ənd drəg ˈtræfɪkɪŋ hæv ɔn ˈmɛksəˌkoʊ ɪn hɪz ˈɑrtɪkəl wɔr ɔn drəgz: noʊ ˈmɑrʤən fər maneuver”*”. hi steɪts ðət ˈmɛksəˌkoʊ ɪz ə ˈnæʧərəl səˈplaɪər tɪ ðə ˈbɪgəst ˌɪˈligəl drəg ˈmɑrkɪt ɪn ðə wərld, ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts 2002 ðɪs blæk ˈmɑrkɪt əv pəˈtɛnʃəl ɪz wɛr drəg kɑrˈtɛlz kəm ɪn. ə drəg kɑrˈtɛl ɪz ən ˈɔrgəˌnaɪzd kraɪm grup ˈmeɪnli ˈdɛdəkeɪtəd tɪ ðə pərˈdəkʃən, ˈtræfɪkɪŋ, ənd ˌdɪstrəˈbjuʃən əv drəgz. drəg kɑrˈtɛlz ˈɔfən ər ˈɔlsoʊ ˌɪnˈvɑlvd ɪn ˌɪˈligəl pəˈzɛʃən ənd ˌdɪstrəˈbjuʃən əv ˈfaɪˌrɑrmz ənd ˈəðər ˈwɛpənz tɪ prəˈtɛkt ənd pərˈpɛʧəˌweɪt ðɛr ˈmɑrkɪts. kɑrˈtɛlz ər ˈɔfən ˌɪnˈvɑlvd wɪθ ɛkˈstɔrʃən, ˈməni ˈlɔndərɪŋ, ənd ˈvaɪələns wɪθ ˈɪnəsənt ˈpipəl ɛz wɛl ɛz ˈpipəl wɪˈθɪn kɑrˈtɛl ˌɔrgənəˈzeɪʃənz hu meɪ bi ə θrɛt ər ˈhɪndrəns tɪ ðɛr ˈmɑrkɪt. sɪns ðə ˈmɑrkɪt beɪs əv kɑrˈtɛlz ɪz ˌɪˈligəl, ðə ˌɑpərˈeɪʃənz əv pərˈdəkʃən, ˈtræfɪkɪŋ ənd ˌdɪstrəˈbjuʃən ər dən ˈəndərˌgraʊnd ər ˌɪˈligəli. ðɪs draɪvz kraɪm ɪn tərmz əv kərˈəpʃən, ˈvaɪələns təˈwɔrdz ˈfɛloʊ kɑrˈtɛl ˈmɛmbərz, ənd ˈəndərˌgraʊnd ˌɑpərˈeɪʃənz əv ˌɪmˈpɔrtɪŋ ənd ɪkˈspɔrtɪŋ ˈviə sˈməgəlɪŋ. ˌwɑˈkin chapo”*” ˈgəzmən ɪz ðə ˈlidər əv ðə kɑrˈtɛl. ðɪs ˌnɔrθˈwɛstərn kɑrˈtɛl həz ˈɑpərˌeɪtəd baɪ sˈməgəlɪŋ koʊˈkeɪn ɪn ˈbægɪʤ ɔn kəˈmərʃəl flaɪts, trænˈspɔrtɪŋ ˈlɑrʤər əˈmaʊnts ɔn smɔl ˈpraɪvət ˈɛrˌkræfts, ənd ɪˈvɛnʧəwəli ɪkˈspɔrtəd ˈməltəpəl tənz əv koʊˈkeɪn ɔn ðə oʊn 747s*, ˈsəmˌtaɪmz trænˈspɔrtɪŋ əp tɪ ˈθərˈtin tənz əv koʊˈkeɪn (kif 2012 juzd kənˈteɪnər ʃɪps ənd ˈfɪʃɪŋ ˈvɛsəlz ənd spid boʊts ənd ˈsəbmərˌinz, krud æt fərst, ðɛn ˈfʊli səbˈmərsɪbəl səbz, kənˈsivd baɪ ˈɛnʤəˈnɪrz ənd kənˈstrəktɪd ˈəndər ðə ˈkænəpi əv ðə ˈæməˌzɑn, ðɛn ˈfloʊtɪd ˌdaʊnˈrɪvər ɪn ˈpisɪz ənd əˈsɛmbəld æt ðə ˈkoʊˌstlaɪn. ðiz ˈvɛsəlz kən kɔst mɔr ðən ə ˈmɪljən ˈdɔlərz, bət tɪ ðə sˈməgələrz, ðeɪ ər ˈifɛktɪvli dɪˈspoʊzəbəl. ɪn ðə ɪˈvɛnt əv ən ˌɪnərˈsɛpʃən baɪ ðə koʊst gɑrd, ˈsəmˌwən ˈɑnˌbɔrd pʊlz ə ˈlɛvər ðət flədz ðə ˌɪnˈtɪriər soʊ ðət ðə ˈɛvədəns sɪŋks; ˈoʊnli ðə kru ɪz lɛft ˈbɑbɪŋ ɪn ðə ˈwɔtər, ˈweɪtɪŋ tɪ bi pɪkt əp baɪ ðə authorities.”*.” (kif 2012 ˈɛnʤəˈnɪrɪŋ ənd ˈʃɪpɪŋ ˌɑpərˈeɪʃənz səʧ ɛz ðɪs pʊt ə dɛnt ɪn ðə saʊnd ɪˈkɑnəmi baɪ ˈpʊlɪŋ ˈhənərdz tɪ ˈθaʊzənz əv ˈwərkərz frəm wət wʊd bi kənˈvɛnʃənəl ˈleɪbər tɪ ˌɪˈligəl ənd ˈbɪznɪs. nɑt ˈoʊnli du ðiz ˌɑpərˈeɪʃənz pʊl frəm ðə ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk wərk fɔrs, bət ðeɪ ˌɑrtəˈfɪʃəli kriˈeɪt ˌɪmˈpɔrtɪŋ ənd ɪkˈspɔrtɪŋ rʊts ɛz wɛl ɛz ˌdɪstrəˈbjuʃən həbz boʊθ æt lɑrʤ ənd ɔn strit ˈlɛvəlz. kɑrˈtɛlz ðɛn feɪs ˈnævəˌgeɪtɪŋ ənd ˈbætəlɪŋ lɔ ɛnˈfɔrsmənt ɛz wɛl ɛz ˈəðər kɑrˈtɛlz fər ˈvɛriəs turfs*. sɪns 2006 ˌɪnˈtɛləʤəns əˈkaʊntɪd dɛθs əv boʊθ səˈvɪljənz ənd kɑrˈtɛl ˈmɛmbərz ɪn ˈmɛksəˌkoʊ əˈloʊn, θɔt tɪ bi əˈtrɪbjətəd ˈlɑrʤli tɪ tərf wɔrz (kif 2012 ˈmɛksəkən drəg kɑrˈtɛl tərf wɔrz ər ˈivɪn fɔt ˈθaʊzənz əv maɪəlz əˈweɪ frəm ðɛr ˈhoʊmˌlænd ɔn əˈmɛrɪkən sɔɪl. ɔn ˈɔgəst 22nd*, 2012 ɪn ʃəˈkɑˌgoʊ gən ˈvaɪələns broʊk aʊt ɪn eɪt ˈdɪfərənt ˈʃutɪŋz, tu əv wɪʧ wər ˈdɛdli. ɪn 2012 ə ˈtoʊtəl əv 351 ˈʃutɪŋ dɛθs ɪn ʃəˈkɑˌgoʊ wər ˈtælid ɪn ˈɔgəst, rɪˈpɔrts əˈtrɪbjətɪŋ moʊst əv ðɛm tɪ ˈvaɪələns (kəˈteɪən 2012 ðə drəg ɛnˈfɔrsmənt ædˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃən ˈspɛʃəl ˈeɪʤənt ˈɔfɪsər əv ʃəˈkɑˌgoʊ ʤæk ˈraɪli steɪts, noʊ ðət ðə məˈʤɔrəti əv ðə nɑrˈkɑtɪks hir ɪn ʃəˈkɑˌgoʊ, ðə kɑrˈtɛlz ər riˈspɑnsəbəl fər. wi noʊ ðət ðə məˈʤɔrəti əv ðə ˈmərdərz ər soʊ ɪt ɪz ˈvɛri klɪr tɪ si ðə kəˈnɛkʃən ənd ðə role.”*.” ˈraɪli həz sɛt əp ə straɪk fɔrs kənˈsɪstɪŋ əv steɪt ənd ˈfɛdərəl ˈprɑsɪˌkjutərz, ˈɛfˈbiˈaɪ, atf*, ənd ˈloʊkəl pəˈlis. ðɛr ˈstrætəʤi ɪz ˈsɪmələr tɪ ðət wɪʧ ˈraɪli ɪmˈplɔɪd ɪn ɛl ˈpæsoʊ ˈtɛksəs huz ˈfoʊkɪs wɑz tɪ ʃət daʊn ʧoʊk pɔɪnts: wɛr gæŋ ˈlidərˌʃɪp mits wɪθ kɑrˈtɛl luˈtɛnənts. tərf ˈbætəlz ˈoʊvər drəgz ənd ˌdɪstrəˈbjuʃən ər ˈtərnɪŋ pɑrts əv ðɪs ˌmɪdˈwɛst ˈsɪti ˈɪntu ə ˈmɛksəkən ˈbɔrdər town.”*.” steɪts ˈraɪli. əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ kəˈteɪən, æt list θri ˈmeɪʤər ˈmɛksəkən kɑrˈtɛlz ər ˈbætəlɪŋ ˈoʊvər kənˈtroʊl əv ˈbɪljənz əv ˈdɔlərz əv ˌmɛrəˈwɑnə, koʊˈkeɪn ənd ˌɪnˈkrisɪŋgli ˈhɛroʊən ɪn ðɪs ˈsɪti. ðət ˌɪnˈkludz ðə ənd ðə ˈpaʊərfəl kɑrˈtɛl, rən baɪ ɪts ˈlidər ˌwɑˈkin "ɛl chapo*" ˈgəzmən. ˈfərðərˌmɔr, ðɪs ˈprɑbləm ɪn ʃəˈkɑˌgoʊ ɪz groʊɪŋ ˈɪntu ə ˌmɪdˈwɛst ˈprɑbləm. ðiz ˈmeɪʤər kɑrˈtɛl ˌɑpərˈeɪʃənz ər ˈsprɛdɪŋ θruaʊt ðə ˌmɪdˈwɛst tɪ mɪlˈwɔki, st*. luɪs, ənd ˈdiˌtrɔɪt (kəˈteɪən 2012 dɪˈspaɪt ðə ˈɛfərts ənd ˈnəmbərd səkˈsɛsɪz ðə di həz hæd ɔn ˈbɔrdər kənˈtroʊl, ˈəðər ˈmeɪʤər ˈmɛmbərz əv ðə di kən vaʊʧ fər ˈdɪfərənt ɪkˈspɪriənsɪz. ˈmaɪkəl brɔn, ˈfɔrmər ʧif əv ˌɑpərˈeɪʃənz fər ðə di ˈmɛnʃənd ə fɛnst ˈtɛrɪˌtɔri ɔn ðə ˌɛrɪˈzoʊnə ˈbɔrdər ˈsteɪtɪŋ, ɪˈrɛkt ðɪs fence,”*,” hi sɛd, tɪ goʊ aʊt ðɛr ə fju deɪz ˈleɪtər ənd dɪˈskəvər ðət ðiz gaɪz hæv ə ˈkætəˌpəlt, ənd ˈflɪŋɪŋ beɪlz əv ˌmɛrəˈwɑnə ˈoʊvər tɪ ðə ˈəðər side.”*.” hi ˈædɪd, gɑt ðə bɛst fɛns ˈməni kən baɪ, ənd ðeɪ ˈkaʊntər ˈjuˈɛs wɪθ ə technology.”*.” lɔs ˈɔlsoʊ noʊn ɛz ðə kɑrˈtɛl ɪz ˈkərəntli ðə ˈlɑrʤəst drəg kɑrˈtɛl ɪn ˈmɛksəˌkoʊ, ˈloʊˌkeɪtəd ɔn ðə ˈistərn koʊst əraʊnd ðə gəlf əv ˈmɛksəˌkoʊ ənd ˈɔpərˌeɪtɪŋ ɪn ˈoʊvər hæf əv steɪts. ðə kɑrˈtɛl ɪz rɪˈpɔrtədli noʊn fər ˈməltəpəl ˈvaɪələnt kraɪmz əˈgɛnst boʊθ ˈraɪvəl kɑrˈtɛl ˈmɛmbərz ɛz wɛl ɛz ɪts oʊn. mɪˈgɛl ˈeɪnʤəl trəˈvinoʊ mɔˈrɑlɛs ɪz θɔt tɪ bi ðə ˈkɑrənt ˈlidər əv ðə. trəˈvinoʊ ɪz noʊn fər ˈhoʊldɪŋ ““meetings”*” ɪn wɪʧ ˈpipəl du nɑt rɪˈtərn frəm. trəˈvinoʊ ɪz ˈɔlsoʊ ˈɪnfəməs fər ˈpʊtɪŋ ˈpipəl ɪn ɔɪl drəmz ənd ˈsɛtɪŋ ðɛm ɔn faɪər, rɪˈfərd tɪ ɛz cookouts”*” (ˈrɪʧərdsən 2012 ðə kɑrˈtɛl ɪz ðə ˈgreɪtəst ˈraɪvəl ənd ˌkɑmpəˈtɪʃən fər tərf, ˈprɑdəkt, ənd ˈprɑfɪt ðoʊ ðə ˈbɛltrən ənd tɪˈwɑnə kɑrˈtɛlz ər ˈælaɪz tɪ ðə. ɪn ˈɔgəst əv 2011 tu ˈdəzən ˈgənˌmɛn əˈsoʊʃiˌeɪtəd wɪθ ðə bərst ˈɪntu ðə kəˈsinoʊ rɔɪæl ɪn ˌmɑntəˈreɪ ˈmɛksəˌkoʊ daʊst ɪt wɪθ ˈgæsəˌlin ənd sɛt ɪt ɔn faɪər ˈkɪlɪŋ 45 ˈpipəl ənd ˈɪnʤərɪŋ twɛlv mɔr. sərˈvaɪvərz ˌriˈpɔrtəd ðət ðə ˈgənˌmɛn ˈʃaʊtɪd fər ˈkəstəmərz ənd ɪmˈplɔɪiz tɪ gɪt aʊt əv ðə ˈbɪldɪŋ əˈpɪrɪŋ tɪ bi ən əˈtɛmpt æt ˈrɑbɪŋ ðə kəˈsinoʊ, bət ˈmɛni ˈpipəl dæʃt ˈfərðər ˈɪntu ðə ˈbɪldɪŋ ˈhaɪdɪŋ frəm ðə əˈtækərz. fər ðɪs ˈrizən, ˈmɛni daɪd frəm ðə faɪər ənd smoʊk θruaʊt ðə ˈbɪldɪŋ. ðə steɪt əˈtərni ˈʤɛnərəl liɑn ˈgɑrzə ˈsteɪtɪd ðət ˈɔfən ɛkˈstɔrt kəˈsinoʊz ənd ˈəðər ˈbɪznɪs, θˈrɛtənɪŋ tɪ əˈtæk ðɛm ər bərn ðɛm tɪ ðə graʊnd ɪf ðeɪ ˈrɛfˌjuz tɪ pay.”*.” (ˈkɔrkərən 2012 ˈlɑrʤˌskeɪl ˈrɑbəriz ˈdrɪvən baɪ drəg rɪŋz səʧ ɛz ðɪs pʊt ˈhənərdz əv ˈɪnəsənt ˈpipəl ɪn ˈdeɪnʤər ənd lɛd tɪ ˈtræʤɪk ənˈnɛsəˌsɛri dɛθs ənd ˈɪnʤəriz, ˈsædli ðɪs wɑz nɑt ðə fərst. ˈoʊnli ə mənθ praɪər tɪ ðə kəˈsinoʊ rɔɪæl əˈtæk ɪn ˌmɑntəˈreɪ, ˈgənˌmɛn kɪld 20 ˈpipəl æt ə ˈloʊkəl bɑr wɪθ əˈsɔlt ˈraɪfəlz. ˈloʊkəl əˈθɔrətiz ˈleɪtər faʊnd bægz əv drəgz æt ðə bɑr. ɪn ʤɪst ðə mənθs əv ˌʤuˈlaɪ ənd ˈɔgəst 65 səˈvɪljən dɛθs wər əˈkaʊntɪd fər ɪn ˌmɑntəˈreɪ. ðə ˈsɪti həz bɪn ə tərf ˈbætəlˌgraʊnd bɪtˈwin ðə ənd gəlf kɑrˈtɛlz wɪθ dɛθs ˈdəbəlɪŋ frəm ðə praɪər jɪr ənd ˈtrɪpəlɪŋ ðə jɪr ˌbiˈfɔr ðət (ˈkɔrkərən 2012 ðə ˈsɛkənd ˈmeɪʤər kɑrˈtɛl ɪn ˈmɛksəˌkoʊ ɪz noʊn ɛz ðə kɑrˈtɛl wɪʧ ˈɑpərˌeɪts ɪn ˌnɔrθˈwɛstərn ˈmɛksəˌkoʊ, saʊθ əv ðə steɪts əv ˌkæləˈfɔrnjə ənd ˌɛrɪˈzoʊnə. rɪˈpɔrtədli, ðə ˈɑpərˌeɪts ɪn ˈoʊvər ə ˈdəzən ˈkəntriz trænˈspɔrtɪŋ ˌɪˈlɪsət drəgz frəm saʊθ ənd ˈsɛntrəl əˈmɛrɪkə tɪ ˈmɛksəˌkoʊ ənd ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts. ˌwɑˈkin ˈgəzmən ɪz ðə ˈlidər əv ðɪs kɑrˈtɛl ənd ɪz drəg lɔrd. ˈgəzmən ɪˈskeɪpt frəm ˈprɪzən ɪn ə ˈlɔndri trək bæk ɪn 2001 təˈdeɪ hɪz kɑrˈtɛl ɪz riˈspɑnsəbəl fər səm əv ðə moʊst ˈvaɪələnt ənd kərəpt ˈkɔrsɪz əv ˈækʃən dɪˈspleɪd ɪn ˈmɛksəˌkoʊ. ɪn meɪ 2012 ˈgrusəm ˈmæsɪkərz tʊk pleɪs ɪn nˈweɪvoʊ lərˈeɪdoʊ ˈmɛksəˌkoʊ, ə ˈsɪti ɔn ðə ˌnɔrˈθistərn ˈbɔrdər əv ˈmɛksəˌkoʊ ənd ˈtɛksəs. ðə ˈbɑdiz əv 23 ˈpipəl wər faʊnd diˈkæpəˌteɪtɪd ər ˈhæŋɪŋ frəm ðə ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl brɪʤ. ˈleɪtər ˌdɪˈskəvri əv 14 ˈjumən hɛdz pleɪst ɪn ˈkulərz nɪr ˈsɪti hɔl wər faʊnd. əˈθɔrətiz bɪˈliv ðə kɑrˈtɛl tɪ bi riˈspɑnsəbəl fər ðə ˈmæsəkər bɪˈkəz ə ˈmɛsɪʤ wɑz ˈɔlsoʊ ˈhæŋɪŋ frəm ðə ˈoʊvərˌpæs dɪˈrɛktɪd təˈwɔrdz ðə gəlf kɑrˈtɛl frəm ðə ˈistərn koʊst ˈsteɪtɪŋ: ɪz haʊ aɪ wɪl ˈfɪnɪʃ ɔl ðə fulz ju send.”*.” ðɪs wɑz θɔt tɪ bi ɪn rɪˈspɑns tɪ ə kɑr bɔm pərˈsivd tɪ hæv bɪn sɛt ɔf baɪ ðə gəlf kɑrˈtɛl ðə wik ˌbiˈfɔr (ˈgɑrdiən 2012 wət wʊd draɪv ə ˈmuvmənt tɪ bi soʊ səˈvɪr ənd ˈbrutəl? haʊ ɪz ɪt ðət ðiz drəg lɔrdz sim tɪ luz saɪt əv θɪŋz tɪ ðə pɔɪnt əv ˈmæsəkərɪŋ ðɛr ˈfɛloʊ ˈkəntrimɪn? ˈɔfərz ðət əˈnəðər ˈprɑbləm əv ðə drəg wɔr ɪz ðət ðə tɔp θri ˌɪˈlɪsət ˈsəbstənsɪz kəm frəm ər θru ˈmɛksəˌkoʊ; wɪθ 70 əv ˌmɛrəˈwɑnə, 25 əv ˈhɛroʊən, ənd 60 əv koʊˈkeɪn biɪŋ ˌɪmˈpɔrtɪd baɪ ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts frəm ˈmɛksəˌkoʊ. 2002 ðiz ˈnəmbərz ʃoʊ ðə haɪ səˈplaɪ ənd dɪˈmænd ˈreɪʃiˌoʊ bɪtˈwin ðə tu ˈkəntriz ənd əˈlud tɪ ðə ˌɪnˈsɛnɪv fər ðoʊz ˌɪnˈvɑlvd ɪn ðə blæk ˈmɑrkɪt. ðə sɪˈvɛrɪti əv kərˈəpʃən wɪˈθɪn ðə lɔ ənd ðə kɔsts əv lɪvz ɪt brɪŋz əˈbaʊt. frəm 1997 tɪ 2000 ðɛr wər lɔ ɛnˈfɔrsmənt ˈɔfɪsərz səˈspɛndɪd fər kərˈəpʃən, ˈminɪŋ ˈɛniˌθɪŋ frəm baɪɪŋ, ˈsɛlɪŋ, ˈhoʊldɪŋ, ər ˈsɪmpli ˈoʊvərˌlʊkɪŋ nɑrˈkɑtɪk ˈtræfɪkərz. mɔˈroʊvər ðə ˈɪʃuz əv ˌɪnɪˈfɪʃənsi, ˌdɪsəˈpɪrɪŋ nɑrˈkɑtɪks, ɪˈskeɪpt ˈkɑnvɪkts ənd drəg lɔrdz, ˈməni ˈlɔndərɪŋ ˌɛtˈsɛtərə. ˈɔfərz fɔr səˈluʃənz ər ˈɔpʃənz tɪ ˈoʊvərˌkəmɪŋ ðə wɔr ɔn drəgz ɪn ˈmɛksəˌkoʊ ənd fər ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts. wən ɪz tɪ kip ðə wɔr ɛz ɪt ɪz, əˈnəðər ɪz tɪ kəm daʊn ˈivɪn ˈhɑrdər ɛz ə war”*” ɔn drəgz, ˈfɔrsɪŋ ˈtræfɪkərz tɪ ˈəðər ˈtɛrəˌtɔriz, ə θərd ɪz tɪ ˈlaɪtən ðə wɔr, ðoʊ juz. ˈprɛʃərz tɛnd tɪ meɪk ðɪs ˈɔpʃən ˈdɪfəkəlt, ənd hɪz fɔrθ ɪz tɪ diˌkrɪmənəˈlaɪz ər ˈivɪn ˈligəˌlaɪz ðə nɑrˈkɑtɪks. meɪn əˈsəmpʃən ɪz ðət ðə drəg wɔr ˈwərkɪŋ ˈvɛri wɛl, ənd ðət boʊθ ˈgəvərnmənts ʃʊd kəˈlæbərˌeɪt təˈgɛðər ɪn ˈɔrdər tɪ kəm tɪ ə ˈbɛtər əˈproʊʧ tɪ ðɪs ˈmɑrkɪt. hi filz ðət ðə drəg wɔr ənd kərˈəpʃən hæv rɪˈdust ˌgɛrənˈti əv ˈnæʃənəl ənd ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl sɪˈkjʊrəti ənd ˈðɛrˌfɔr ɪz ˈsəbʤɪkt tɪ mɔr ˈprɛʃər frəm ðə juz. tɪ faɪt ˈɔrgəˌnaɪzd kraɪm. ɪt ɪz ə ˈvɪʃəs ˈsaɪkəl, ənd ˈrædɪkəl ˌmɑdəfəˈkeɪʃən əv diˌkrɪmənəˈlaɪzɪŋ ər ˈivɪn ˈligəˌlaɪzɪŋ ˌɪˈlɪsət ˈsəbstənsɪz ɪn boʊθ ˈkəntriz wʊd ɪˈlɪməˌneɪt ə greɪt ˈnəmbər əv ˈprɑbləmz. ədˈmɪts ðət ðə wɔr ɪz nɑt səkˈsɛsfəl ənd wɪl kənˈtɪnju tɪ hæv ðə seɪm rɪˈzəlts ɪf ˈnəθɪŋ ɪz ʧeɪnʤd. ɪn ˈænʤələ ə nu dɪˈrɛkʃɪn ɪn ðə ˈmidiə ‘‘war’*’ əˈgɛnst drugs”*”, ˈgɪliəm dɪˈskəsɪz ðə river”*” ˈmɑrkɪt əv drəgz ɪn ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts ənd hu ɪz ˈsɛlɪŋ ənd hu ɪz ˈpərʧəsɪŋ ðɛm, ɛz wɛl ɛz, haʊ ðə ˈmidiə pɔrˈtreɪz ðɪs. ˈgɪliəm səˈʤɛsts ðət raɪz ɪn ðə drəg treɪd ɪz ə dɪˈrɛkt rɪˈzəlt əv ə ˈkraɪsəs ɪn capitalism”*”. wɔl strit ˈɛstəˌmeɪtɪd ðət ““narco-dollars”*” ˈrɛvəˌnu ənd ˈænjuəl 200 ˈbɪljən ˈdɔlərz, waɪl ə ˈtɛksəs steɪt dɪˈpɑrtmənt ˈdɑkjəmɛnt ˈɛstəˌmeɪtɪd ə 300 ˈbɪljən ˈænjuəl ˈrɛvəˌnu. rəˈgɑrdləs əv wɪʧ ˈfɪgjər ɪz mɔr ˈækjərət, ðə drəg ˈmɑrkɪt ɪz ˈklɪrli ə bɪg wən (ˈgɪliəm 1992 məʧ əv ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts koʊˈkeɪn ˌdɪstrəˈbjuʃən ənd juz ɪz dən baɪ waɪt əˈmɛrɪkənz ˈkɑntrɛri tɪ wət ðə ˈmidiə meɪ hæv ju θɪŋk. ɪt ɪz ən ˈɛstəˌmeɪtɪd 80 pərˈsɛnt əv ɔl əˈmɛrɪkən koʊˈkeɪn ˌdɪstrəˈbjuʃən ənd kənˈsəmʃən əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ˈgɪliəm. ðə ˈɔθər goʊz ɔn tɪ dɪˈskəs ðət məˈnɔrətiz ˈʤɛnərəli ər ““middle-men”*” ˈlɪvɪŋ ɪn pur kəmˈjunɪtiz ənd ˈhaʊzɪŋ ˈsɛlɪŋ ənd dɪˈstrɪbjutɪŋ tɪ ˈpipəl ˈlɪvɪŋ ɪn ˈsəbərbz ənd ˈnaɪsər ˈɛriəz. ðə ˈɑrgjəmənt ɪz ðət baɪərz ənd kənˈsumərz əv ˌɪˈlɪsət ˈsəbstənsɪz ər lɛs ˈlaɪkli tɪ bi ərˈɛstɪd ər ʧɑrʤd ðən ðə dɪˈstrɪbjətərz. əˈsaɪd frəm wət goʊz ɔn ɪn ðə kəmˈjunɪtiz, ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts ɪz stɪl ðə ˈlɑrʤəst ˈmɑrkɪt fər ˌɪˈlɪsət ˈsəbstənsɪz. wɪθ ðə ˈvaɪələnt kraɪmz kəˈmɪtɪd əˈmɪdst gæŋz ənd kɑrˈtɛlz ˈviə ˈrɑbəriz ənd ˈməni ˈlɔndərɪŋ, lɔ ɛnˈfɔrsmənt kərˈəpʃən ənd lɔs əv mɛn ənd ˈwɪmən prəˈtɛktɪŋ ðə kəmˈjunɪti, ənd ðə ˌfaɪˈnænʃəl toʊl əv ˈeɪʤənsiz ɪmˈplɔɪmənt əv pəˈtroʊl ˌɑpərˈeɪʃənz ənd ɪkˈwɪpmənt, diˌkrɪmənəˈlaɪzɪŋ ər ˈligəˌlaɪzɪŋ ˌɪˈlɪsət ˈsəbstənsɪz əv dɪˈmænd wʊd ɪˈlɪməˌneɪt ðə kɔsts ənd ˈtræʤədiz əv ðə ˈkɑrənt drəg wɔr. ˈklaɪmən, mɑrk 2011 ˈsərʤɪkəl straɪks ɪn ðə drəg wɔrz; sˈmɑrtər ˈpɑləsiz fər boʊθ saɪdz əv ðə ˈbɔrdər. ˈfɔrən əˈfɛrz: ˈkaʊnsəl ɔn ˈfɔrən riˈleɪʃənz ˈrɔlɪnz, ˈeɪˈmi 2011 drəg wɔr. ˈkaʊnsəl ɔn ˈfɔrən riˈleɪʃənz ˈpætrɪk, stuərt ɛm. 2012 ðə wɔr ɔn drəgz: taɪm fər ən ˈɑnəst ˌkɑnvərˈseɪʃən. ðə ˌɪnərˈnæʃənəlɪst: ˈkaʊnsəl ɔn ˈfɔrən riˈleɪʃənz jelsma*, ˈmɑrtɪn, nadelmann*, ˈiθən, treɪs, maɪk, ənd wodak*, ˈdɑktər. ˈæləks 2011 wɔr ɔn drəgz. rɪˈpɔrt əv ðə ˈgloʊbəl kəˈmɪʃən ɔn drəg ˈpɑləsi. juˈnaɪtɪd ˈneɪʃənz. ˈkæmbəl, haʊərd 2009 drəg wɔr zoʊn: ˈfrənˌtlaɪn dɪˈspæʧɪz frəm ðə strits əv ɛl ˈpæsoʊ ənd ˈwɑˌrɛz. ðə ˈʤərnəl əv ˈlætən əˈmɛrɪkən ənd ˌkɛrɪˈbiən ˌænθrəˈpɑləʤi. ˌjunəˈvərsəti əv ˈtɛksəs prɛs ˈgɪliəm, ˈænʤələ 1992 trænsˈfɔrmɪŋ ˌænθrəˈpɑləʤi. təˈwɔrd ə nu dɪˈrɛkʃɪn ɪn ðə ˈmidiə ““war”*” əˈgɛnst drəgz. əˈmɛrɪkən ˌænθrəpəˈlɑʤəkəl əˌsoʊʃiˈeɪʃən ˈwɪlkɪnsən, ˈtreɪsi 2012 ˈmɛksəˌkoʊ ˈəndər siʤ. ˈmɛksəˌkoʊ ˈgəvərnmənt sɔt tɪ wɪθˈhoʊld drəg stəˈtɪstɪks. lɔs ˈænʤəlɪs taɪmz ɑˈraʊjoʊ, rəˈbɛrtoʊ 2001 ðə drəg treɪd, ðə blæk ɪˈkɑnəmi, ənd soʊˈsaɪɪti ɪn ˈwɛstərn ˌæməˈzoʊniə. ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl ˈsoʊʃəl saɪəns ˈʤərnəl (ˈɛˈsiˈpi 2001 ˈklaɪmən, mɑrk 1992 ˈniðər ˌproʊəˈbɪʃən nɔr ˌligələˈzeɪʃən: ˈgrəʤɪŋ ˌtɑlərˈeɪʃən ɪn drəg kənˈtroʊl ˈpɑləsi. ˌdeɪˈdæləs 1992 ˈstɑsəl, ʤɑn 2012 noʊ ðeɪ can’t*: waɪ ˈgəvərnmənt feɪlz bət ˌɪndəˈvɪʤəwəlz səkˈsid. θˈrɛˌʃoʊld ɪˈdɪʃənz (ˈeɪprəl 2012 ˈrɪʧərdsən, klɛr 2012 drəg kɑrˈtɛlz: wɪʧ grups ər ˈrənɪŋ ðə ʃoʊ? (ˈɔgəst 2012
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what if there was no more drug-related violence? no more gang wars over clientele or territory? no more useless murders, destruction of land, property, illegal immigration, prostitution, or distribution of illegal goods? is there a feasible answer to solving this problem of drug wars and their lack of success on ending drug trafficking and violence? could ending the prohibition on drugs put an end to the drug wars and violence by eliminating their black market? the war on drugs is failing. by ending this war, drug-related violence would stop.
according to the council on foreign relations’ foreign affairs, the majority of illicit drugs consumed in the united states come through or from mexico, and virtually all the revenue of mexican drug-trafficking organizations comes from sales in the united states. this includes cocaine, heroin, methamphetamines, and cannabis (stewart 2012). this is a business, a big business. not to mention the u.s. and mexican government’s efforts to control and deter this activity from happening.
both the united states and mexico spend millions of dollars each year on border control, drug searches, drug arrests, drug-related violence, and more only to have the problems reoccur month after month. more than a thousand people die each month due to drug-dealing violence in mexico alone, and in some parts of the country, even police forces find themselves outgunned by drug traffickers. these crimes, on going for decades, have affected the lives, liberty, economies, and policies of millions of people in both countries. how has this war affected so many people, and can a peace be found?
many agree that illicit drugs and controlled substances are better off that way (stossel 2012). after all, many of these controlled substances are very hazardous to one’s health, habit-forming, and would potentially cause great problems if freely sold and distributed in the community. as convincing as these points may be, the problems with controlling and prohibition of substances are often overlooked. within the drug trade there is on-going violence, death of innocents, financial corruption, and corruption with authorities, incarceration rates, and financial costs to society that could potentially be stopped with the lifting of prohibition in both countries. examining these problems in both cultures, i hope to illustrate the disheartening waste and moral costs in the name of morality.
in addition to these, i would like to illustrate the disasters of the wars within the drug market, as well as the wars against the drug market. both of these are useless and cost lives and millions of dollars. finally, i would like to examine answer the question: “could ending the prohibition on drugs in the u.s. and mexico put an end to the drug wars and violence by eliminating their black market?” as the mexican drug war has been going on for decades.
by consulting both american and mexican government statistics, news reports, peer-reviewed articles, i hope to establish grounds that demonstrate the war with the black market to perpetuate itself, and the war outside the black market that seeks to stop it are both tragic and useless, and that ending prohibition in one or both countries would be greatly beneficial to the peoples of both.
in the spring and summer of 1973, the united states house of representatives and the u.s. senate heard months of testimony on richard nixon’s reorganization plan number 2, which proposed the creation of a single federal agency to consolidate and coordinate the government’s drug control activities (dea 2011). the drug enforcement administration was created by president richard nixon through an executive order in july 1973 in order to establish a single unified command to combat "an all-out global war on the drug menace." at its outset, the dea had 1,470 special agents and a budget of $75 million (dea 2011).
today, the dea has nearly 5,000 special agents and a budget of $2 billion (dea 2011). the dea’s mission is to enforce controlled substance laws and regulations of the united states or any other competent jurisdiction, those organizations and principal members of organizations, involved in the growing, manufacture, or distribution of controlled substances appearing in or destined for illicit traffic in the united states; and to recommend and support non-enforcement programs aimed at reducing the availability of illicit controlled substances on the domestic and international markets. in other words, the dea strives to blockade and eliminate illicit substances or the product and distribution in order to shut down the drug market. the united states government has put pressure on mexico due to drug trafficking and has therefore has influenced mexican domestic and foreign politics, arguably to the benefit of the u.s. as it was thought that drugs and illicit substances had little damage done to mexican society. this movement proved to be efficient during the 1970s by operation condor, implemented by the nixon administration in 1969 (chabat 2002). an obvious flaw in this movement is that it does not eliminate the demand for illicit substances and products.
since the demand for illicit substances still exists, the market of illicit substances still exists and therefore provides an opportunity for high-profit business. jorge chabat discusses the affect that illegal drugs and drug trafficking have on mexico in his article “mexico’s war on drugs: no margin for maneuver”. he states that mexico is a natural supplier to the biggest illegal drug market in the world, the united states (chabat 2002). this black market of potential high-profit is where drug cartels come in.
a drug cartel is an organized crime group mainly dedicated to the production, trafficking, and distribution of drugs. drug cartels often are also involved in illegal possession and distribution of firearms and other weapons to protect and perpetuate their markets. cartels are often involved with extortion, money laundering, and violence with innocent people as well as people within cartel organizations who may be a threat or hindrance to their market. since the market base of cartels is illegal, the operations of production, trafficking and distribution are done underground or illegally. this drives crime in terms of corruption, violence towards fellow cartel members, and underground operations of importing and exporting via smuggling.
joaquin “el chapo” guzman is the leader of the sinaloa cartel. this northwestern cartel has operated by smuggling cocaine in baggage on commercial flights, transporting larger amounts on small private aircrafts, and eventually exported multiple tons of cocaine on the cartel’s own 747s, sometimes transporting up to thirteen tons of cocaine (keefe 2012). “they used container ships and fishing vessels and speed boats and submarines, crude semi-submersibles at first, then fully submersible subs, conceived by engineers and constructed under the canopy of the amazon, then floated downriver in pieces and assembled at the coastline. these vessels can cost more than a million dollars, but to the smugglers, they are effectively disposable. in the event of an interception by the coast guard, someone onboard pulls a lever that floods the interior so that the evidence sinks; only the crew is left bobbing in the water, waiting to be picked up by the authorities.” (keefe 2012). engineering and shipping operations such as this put a dent in the sound economy by pulling hundreds to thousands of workers from what would be conventional labor to illegal and un-taxed business. not only do these operations pull from the economic work force, but they artificially create importing and exporting routes as well as distribution hubs both at large and on street levels. cartels then face navigating and battling law enforcement as well as other cartels for various turfs. since 2006, intelligence accounted 50,000 deaths of both civilians and cartel members in mexico alone, thought to be attributed largely to turf wars (keefe 2012).
mexican drug cartel turf wars are even fought thousands of miles away from their homeland on american soil. on august 22nd, 2012 in chicago gun violence broke out in eight different shootings, two of which were deadly. in 2012, a total of 351 shooting deaths in chicago were tallied in august, reports attributing most of them to drug-gang violence (keteyian 2012). the drug enforcement administration special agent officer of chicago jack riley states, “we know that the majority of the narcotics here in chicago, the cartels are responsible for. we know that the majority of the murders are gang-related so it is very clear to see the connection and the role.”
riley has set up a 25-agency strike force consisting of state and federal prosecutors, fbi, atf, and local police. their strategy is similar to that which riley employed in el paso texas whose focus was to shut down choke points: where gang leadership meets with cartel lieutenants. “daily turf battles over drugs and distribution are turning parts of this midwest city into a mexican border town.” states riley. according to keteyian, at least three major mexican cartels are battling over control of billions of dollars of marijuana, cocaine and increasingly heroin in this city. that includes the ultra-violent zetas and the powerful sinaloa cartel, run by its leader joaquin "el chapo" guzman. furthermore, this problem in chicago is growing into a midwest problem. these major cartel operations are spreading throughout the midwest to milwaukee, st. louis, and detroit (keteyian 2012).
despite the efforts and numbered successes the dea has had on border control, other major members of the dea can vouch for different experiences. michael braun, former chief of operations for the dea mentioned a high-cost fenced territory on the arizona border stating, “they erect this fence,” he said, “only to go out there a few days later and discover that these guys have a catapult, and flinging hundred-pound bales of marijuana over to the other side.” he added, “we’ve got the best fence money can buy, and they counter us with a 2,500-year-old technology.”
los zetas also known as the zetas cartel is currently the largest drug cartel in mexico, located on the eastern coast around the gulf of mexico and operating in over half of mexico’s states. the zetas cartel is reportedly known for multiple violent crimes against both rival cartel members as well as its own. miguel angel trevino morales is thought to be the current leader of the zetas. trevino is known for holding “meetings” in which people do not return from. trevino is also infamous for putting people in oil drums and setting them on fire, referred to as “human cookouts” (richardson 2012). the sinaloa cartel is the zetas greatest rival and competition for turf, product, and profit though the beltran and tijuana cartels are allies to the zetas.
in august of 2011, two dozen gunmen associated with the zetas burst into the casino royale in monterrey mexico doused it with gasoline and set it on fire killing 45 people and injuring twelve more. survivors reported that the gunmen shouted for customers and employees to get out of the building appearing to be an attempt at robbing the casino, but many people dashed further into the building hiding from the attackers. for this reason, many died from the fire and smoke throughout the building. the state attorney general leon garza stated that “cartels often extort casinos and other business, threatening to attack them or burn them to the ground if they refuse to pay.” (corcoran 2012). large-scale robberies driven by drug rings such as this put hundreds of innocent people in danger and lead to tragic unnecessary deaths and injuries, sadly this was not the first.
only a month prior to the casino royale attack in monterrey, gunmen killed 20 people at a local bar with assault rifles. local authorities later found bags of drugs at the bar. in just the months of july and august 65 civilian deaths were accounted for in monterrey. the city has been a turf battleground between the zetas and gulf cartels with deaths doubling from the prior year and tripling the year before that (corcoran 2012).
the second major cartel in mexico is known as the sinaloa cartel which operates in northwestern mexico, south of the states of california and arizona. reportedly, the sinaloa operates in over a dozen countries transporting illicit drugs from south and central america to mexico and the united states. joaquin guzman is the leader of this cartel and is mexico’s most-wanted drug lord. guzman escaped from prison in a laundry truck back in 2001. today his cartel is responsible for some of the most violent and corrupt courses of action displayed in mexico.
in may 2012, gruesome massacres took place in nuevo laredo mexico, a city on the northeastern border of mexico and texas. the bodies of 23 people were found decapitated or hanging from the international bridge. later discovery of 14 human heads placed in coolers near city hall were found. authorities believe the sinaloa cartel to be responsible for the massacre because a message was also hanging from the overpass directed towards the gulf cartel from the eastern coast stating: “this is how i will finish all the fools you send.” this was thought to be in response to a car bomb perceived to have been set off by the gulf cartel the week before (guardian 2012). what would drive a movement to be so severe and brutal? how is it that these drug lords seem to lose sight of things to the point of massacring their fellow countrymen?
chabat offers that another problem of the mexican-american drug war is that the top three illicit substances come from or through mexico; with 70% of marijuana, 25% of heroin, and 60% of cocaine being imported by the united states from mexico. (chabat 2002). these numbers show the high supply and demand ratio between the two countries and allude to the incentive for those involved in the black market. the severity of corruption within the law and the costs of lives it brings about.
from 1997 to 2000 there were 3,060 law enforcement officers suspended for corruption, meaning anything from buying, selling, holding, or simply overlooking narcotic traffickers. moreover the issues of inefficiency, disappearing narcotics, escaped convicts and drug lords, money laundering etc.
chabat offers four solutions or options to overcoming the war on drugs in mexico and for the united states. one is to keep the war as it is, another is to come down even harder as a “total war” on drugs, forcing traffickers to other territories, a third is to lighten the war, though u.s. pressures tend to make this option difficult, and his fourth is to decriminalize or even legalize the narcotics.
chabat’s main assumption is that the mexican-american drug war working very well, and that both governments should collaborate together in order to come to a better approach to this market. he feels that the drug war and corruption have reduced mexico’s guarantee of national and international security and therefore is subject to more pressure from the u.s. to fight organized crime. it is a vicious cycle, and radical modification of decriminalizing or even legalizing illicit substances in both countries would eliminate a great number of drug-war problems. chabat admits that the war is not successful and will continue to have the same results if nothing is changed.
in angela gilliam’s “toward a new direction in the media ‘war’ against drugs”, gilliam discusses the “down river” market of drugs in the united states and who is selling and who is purchasing them, as well as, how the media portrays this. gilliam suggests that “the rise in the drug trade is a direct result of a crisis in capitalism”. wall street estimated that “narco-dollars” revenue and annual $200 billion dollars, while a texas state department document estimated a $300 billion annual revenue. regardless of which figure is more accurate, the drug market is clearly a big one (gilliam 1992).
much of the united states cocaine distribution and use is done by white americans contrary to what the media may have you think. it is an estimated 80 percent of all american cocaine distribution and consumption according to gilliam. the author goes on to discuss that minorities generally are “middle-men” living in poor communities and housing selling and distributing to people living in suburbs and nicer areas. the argument is that buyers and consumers of illicit substances are less likely to be arrested or charged than the distributors. aside from what goes on in the communities, the united states is still the world’s largest market for illicit substances.
with the violent crimes committed amidst gangs and cartels via robberies and money laundering, law enforcement corruption and loss of men and women protecting the community, and the financial toll of agencies employment of patrol operations and equipment, decriminalizing or legalizing illicit substances of demand would eliminate the costs and tragedies of the current drug war.
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rawlins, aimee
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patrick, stewart m.
2012 the war on drugs: time for an honest conversation. the internationalist: council on
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jelsma, martin, nadelmann, ethan, trace, mike, and wodak, dr. alex
2011 war on drugs. report of the global commission on drug policy. united nations.
campbell, howard
2009 drug war zone: frontline dispatches from the streets of el paso and juarez.
the journal of latin american and caribbean anthropology. university of texas press
gilliam, angela
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wilkinson, tracy
2012 mexico under siege. mexico government sought to withhold drug statistics. los
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2001 the drug trade, the black economy, and society in western amazonia. international
social science journal 53.3 (sep 2001): 451-457
kleiman, mark
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http://www.justice.gov/dea/about/history/1970-1975.pdf
stossel, john
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ˈtaɪlər blu ˈbrɑdərɪk əv ˈdaɪnərz (ˈfoʊˌtoʊ: ˈɛlmər mɑrˈtinɛz) ðɪs jɪr həz sin səm greɪt nu mˈjuzɪk frəm ðə ˈloʊkəl sin, bət ʤɪst ˈgɪtɪŋ ˈstɑrtɪd. ˈɛni ˈnəmbər əv ðə ˈbɪgəst ˈbraɪtəst ˈɑrtɪsts ɪn ðə ˈvæli ər ɔˈrɛdi ˈwərkɪŋ ɔn ðɛr nɛkst muv. ə lʊk æt ə ˈhændˌfʊl əv ðoʊz ækts ənd wət wi noʊ əˈbaʊt ðoʊz ˈrɛkərdz. ðɛr ər mɔr, ʃʊr. ðiz ər ðə wənz aɪ noʊ əˈbaʊt ðət aɪ noʊ bi ˈlʊkɪŋ ˈfɔrwərd tɪ. (ˈfoʊˌtoʊ: ˈkərtəsi əv ˈɑrtɪst) aɪ spoʊk tɪ ˈdɪlən leɪt læst jɪr əˈbaʊt ðə ˈprɑˌgrɛs ðə ˈbrəðərz hæd meɪd ɔn rɪˈkɔrdɪŋ ðə ˈfɑloʊˌəp tɪ ““lunatic,”*,” ðə ˈmeɪnˌstrim ˈbreɪkθˌru ðət geɪv ðə wərld wɪθ mi now.”*.” bɪn ə lɔŋ taɪm ðət ðɪs ˈælbəm həz bɪn nɑt ˌnɛsəˈsɛrəli ɪn ðə wərks, bət bɪn ˈweɪtɪŋ tɪ gɪt əraʊnd tɪ ɪt bɪˈkəz ɪt kaɪnd əv tʊk ə ˈkəpəl jɪrz fər ɪt tɪ gɪt ˈroʊlɪŋ fər us,”*,” hi sɛd. hæd səm əv ðə məˈtɪriəl ˈrɪtən, wi wər ˈstɑrtɪŋ tɪ wərk ɔn ɪt, ənd ðɛn wɪn ‘‘lunatic’*’ tʊk ɔf, wi pʊt ɪt ɔn ðə bæk ˈbərnər bɪˈkəz wi hæd tɪ gɪv ‘‘lunatic’*’ ə ril ʃɑt wɪθ ˈtʊrɪŋ. soʊ wi wər ˈrɪli ɪkˈsaɪtɪd tɪ ˈfɪnɪʃ ˈtʊrɪŋ ənd gɪt ˈstɑrtɪd ɔn ðɪs ˈælbəm. ðɛr ər səm juʤ sɔŋz. wɪˈθaʊt ˈgɪtɪŋ ˈɪntu ðə ˈditeɪlz, ə ˈkɑmən θim tɪ ðə hoʊl ˈælbəm, ənd ʤɪst ə ˈrɪli bɪg saʊnd. ə lɔt əv leɪərɪŋ ənd ˈrɪli bɪg drəmz. wi wər ˈrɪli goʊɪŋ fər ən kaɪnd əv sound.”*.” ðə ˈsɔŋˌraɪtɪŋ ˈkrɛdɪts ɔn ðɪs wən ər mɔr ˈikwəli dɪˈvaɪdɪd bɪtˈwin ðə fɔr ˈbrəðərz, ˈdɪlən sɛd, ə ril ˈdɪfərəns tɪ ɑr ˈraɪtɪŋ staɪlz (soʊ) ðɛr ər səm ˈdɛfənət departures.”*.” ˈɔlsoʊ ə ˈlɪrɪkəl θrɛd tɪ taɪ ðə sɔŋz təˈgɛðər ðɪs taɪm aʊt bət ˈdɪlən ˈrɛdi tɪ ɪˈlæbərˌeɪt ðət ər ʃɛr ðə ˈtaɪtəl, wɪʧ ˈɔlsoʊ rɪˈleɪts tɪ ðə ˈlɪrɪkəl θrɛd. ðə ˈælbəm ɪz ɪkˈspɛktɪd tɪ əraɪv ɪn ʤun. ˈændru ˈʤæksən ˈʤihɑd (ˈfoʊˌtoʊ: ˈstɛfəni kɑˈrikoʊ) sin səm ˈɔnˌlaɪn ˈrəmbəlɪŋz tɪ səˈʤɛst ðət ˈloʊkəl ˈhɪroʊz, ˈfɔrmərli noʊn ɛz ˈændru ˈʤæksən ˈʤihɑd, maɪt bi ˈwərkɪŋ ɔn ə ˈfɑloʊˌəp tɪ island,”*,” soʊ aɪ sɛnt ðɛm ə ˈmɛsɪʤ, tɪ wɪʧ ðeɪ rɪˈspɑndɪd, dɪd ˈrɛkərd! wi du hæv ˈsəmθɪŋ ɪn ðə works!”*!” ʃɔn bəˈnɛt dɪd ˈoʊpən əp mɔr wɪn hi ʧɛkt ɪn wɪθ ðə a.v*. kləb əˈbaʊt ðə neɪm ʧeɪnʤ, seɪɪŋ: noʊ ðət ðɪs ˈrɛkərd ɪz ˈɔsəm, ənd ˈrɪli praʊd əv ɪt, bət bɪn seɪɪŋ fər ə lɔŋ taɪm ðət ɑr bænd fər ˈɛvriˌwən. ɪt wʊd bi greɪt ɪf ðə ˈpipəl ðət ər iˈmeɪlɪŋ ˈjuˈɛs ˈtɛlɪŋ ˈjuˈɛs ðət ðeɪ ər ˈbɔɪˌkɑtɪŋ ɑr bænd bɪˈkəz əv ɑr neɪm ʧeɪnʤ, bi greɪt ɪf ðeɪ geɪv ɪt ə ˈlɪsən. bət ðeɪ hæv tɪ ɪf ðeɪ wɔnt to.”*.” ˈrɑʤər klaɪn ðə ˈpisˌmeɪkərz ˈrɑʤər klaɪn ðə ˈpisˌmeɪkərz riˈvɪzɪtɪŋ ˈfəzi bɪg ˈbəzi" æt ðə ˈjəkə tæp rum. (ˈfoʊˌtoʊ: ˈlisə wɛb ˈspɛʃəl fər ðə riˈpəblɪk) ðə ˈlidər əv ðə ˈpisˌmeɪkərz ɪz ɔn hɪz weɪ bæk frəm ə ˈraɪtɪŋ trɪp tɪ ˈrɑki pɔɪnt wɪθ ˌgɪˈtɑrɪst ʤɪm ˈdɔltən wɪn hi ʧɛks ɪn frəm ðə roʊd tɪ tɔk əˈbaʊt ðə ˈprɑˌgrɛs meɪd ˈmeɪkɪŋ. bɪn ˈwərkɪŋ ɔn nu məˈtɪriəl ənd aɪ laɪk tɪ goʊ daʊn there,”*,” hi ɪkˈspleɪnz, aɪ hæv iˈmeɪl ənd ðə haʊs foʊn, ɔl ðət stəf, ənd strəm ənd strəm ənd si wət aɪ kəm əp with.”*.” ˈdɔltən, hi sɪz, ɪz ˈvɛri gʊd ˈsaʊndɪŋ board,”*,” ˈædɪŋ, tɛlz mi wɪn aɪ kən du ˈbɛtər ər wɪn aɪ ʃʊd stɑp traɪɪŋ tɪ ˌɪmˈpruv ɔn ə ˈsərtən θɪŋ nɑt ˈbɛrɪŋ ˈɛni rɪˈtərn, soʊ aɪ trəst hɪz mˈjuzɪkəl instincts.”*.” klaɪn həz bɪn ˈwərkɪŋ ɔn sɔŋz fər ə ˈpisˌmeɪkərz ˈælbəm fər mɔr ðən ə jɪr naʊ. wɪn wi kɔt əp ɪn ˈərli 2015 hi sɛd hi hæd ə ˈprɪti gʊd aɪˈdiə əv ðə sɔrt əv θɪŋ hi ˈdɪdənt wɔnt tɪ raɪt ðɪs taɪm əraʊnd. "aɪ ʤɪst nid tɪ kip ˈraɪtɪŋ, kip ɪt fən ənd nɑt raɪt soʊ ˈmɛni sɔŋz əˈbaʊt groʊɪŋ oʊld ənd dɛθ, bət nɑt ˌnɛsəˈsɛrəli ˈfoʊkɪs tu məʧ ɔn ˈʧeɪsɪŋ skərts ənd ˈdrɪŋkɪŋ bɪr. ˈmeɪbi aɪv ˈpeɪnɪd ˌmaɪˈsɛlf ˈɪntu ə ˈkɔrnər. aɪ noʊ ðɛrz lɑts mɔr aɪ kʊd raɪt əˈbaʊt." riˈmaɪndɪd ə jɪr ˈleɪtər, klaɪn læfs ənd sɪz, ə gʊd kwoʊt. aɪ wɪʃ aɪ hæd sɛd that.”*.” hi ˈɔlsoʊ sɪz ˈdəbəl digits”*” ɛz fɑr ɛz ðə ˈnəmbər əv sɔŋz ˈrɪtən ənd ðə nɛkst stɛp ɪz tɪ stɑrt rɪˈhərsɪŋ ðɛm. θɪŋk ˈgɑnə brɪŋ ə fju əv ðɛm tɪ ðə ˈtɔkɪŋ stɪk stage,”*,” hi sɪz, rɪˈfərɪŋ tɪ ðə peacemakers’*’ nɛkst ˈloʊkəl ʃoʊ æt ˈtɔkɪŋ stɪk rɪˈzɔrt ɔn ˈeɪprəl 2 "ənd aɪ lʊk bæk ɔn ðɛm ənd goʊ, θɪŋk dən ɪˈnəf əv ə ˈbɑdi əv wərk bɪtˈwin fuzzy’*’ ənd 2014's*) independent’*’ ðət wɑz ˈfoʊkɪst ɔn ˈwərkɪŋ hɑrd ɔn ðə ɑrt soʊ ðət aɪ ˌoʊvərˈjuz ˈsərtən dɪˈvaɪsɪz ðət aɪ meɪ ˌɪnˈdəlʤ ɪn ðət. aɪ wɔnt tɪ traɪ tɪ ˈrɛplɪˌkeɪt ɪt, bət ɪf ɪn biɪŋ spɑnˈteɪniəs aɪ faɪnd ˌmaɪˈsɛlf ˈlinɪŋ ɔn ðoʊz oʊld dɪˈvaɪsɪz, aɪ meɪ ʤɪst kip ðɛm ɪn ðɛr ˈrəðər ðən wərk soʊ hɑrd tɪ ʧeɪnʤ them.”*.” æst ɪf ðə ˈprɔˌsɛs əv ˈsɛləˌbreɪtɪŋ ðə ˌænəˈvərsəri əv ˈfəzi bɪg buzzy”*” həz hæd ən ˌɪmˈpækt ɔn ðə ˈʃeɪpɪŋ əv hɪz ˈleɪtəst ˈælbəm, klaɪn sɪz, ˌmaɪˈsɛlf ɪn maɪ ˈərliəst ˈpəblɪʃt məˈtɪriəl geɪv mi ə pərˈspɛktɪv. aɪ lʊk bæk æt wət aɪ wɑz duɪŋ melodically*. aɪ lʊk bæk æt wət aɪ wɑz duɪŋ ɪn tərmz əv kɔrd progressions*, sɔŋ ˈstrəkʧər ənd ˈsəbʤɪkt ənd aɪ si ˈvɛri ˈɑnəst. ənd aɪ wɔnt tɪ traɪ tɪ ˈrɛplɪˌkeɪt ɪt bət aɪ wɔnt tɪ traɪ tɪ stɑp ˌmaɪˈsɛlf frəm ˈstɑpɪŋ ˈhæbəts. aɪ ɛz ə ˈraɪtər hæv ˈhæbəts ðət kəm ˈnæʧərəli. ənd gʊd nɑt tɪ ˈɔlˌweɪz lin ɔn ðɛm ənd ˈɔlsoʊ gʊd ˈsəmˌtaɪmz, aɪ θɪŋk, tɪ goʊ əˈhɛd ənd seɪ, ‘‘well*, ðɪs ɪz signature.’*.’ soʊ ðɛr ər ə fju θɪŋz ðət aɪ θɪŋk səbˈkɑnʃəsli aɪ wɑz əˈvɔɪdɪŋ ɪn ðə ˈraɪtɪŋ ˈprɔˌsɛs, ðət aɪ wɔnt tɪ bɪˈkəm ə ˈpɛrədi əv ˌmaɪˈsɛlf. ðɛr ɪz noʊ ˈwərkɪŋ ˈtaɪtəl jɛt fər ðɪs nu ˈælbəm, klaɪn sɪz, aɪ hæv ə ˈʤɛnərəl pərˈspɛktɪv ɔn wət ðə θim əv ðə ˈælbəm wɪl bi, bət ʃʊr ˈsəmθɪŋ wɪl emerge.”*.” ɛz fɑr ɛz taɪm, hi sɪz, ənd aɪ, ˈdraɪvɪŋ bæk frəm ˈmɛksəˌkoʊ, ənd wi wər ʤɪst ˈtɔkɪŋ əˈbaʊt prəˈdusərz ənd wɪn tɪ stɑrt ˈɪntərvˌjuɪŋ ðɛm ənd ðə taɪm ɪz ˈæˌkʧuəli naʊ. soʊ maɪ nɛkst stɛp ɪz tɪ lʊk æt ðə ˈbɑdi əv wərk ðət aɪ hæv ɛz ə hoʊl, gɪt maɪ ˌɪmˈprɛʃənz əv ɪt θəˈmætɪkli, pleɪ ɪt wɪθ ðə bænd tɪ gɪt ɔl əv ɑr ˌɪmˈprɛʃənz ənd ðɛn goʊ frəm there.”*.” ˌriəˈlɪstɪkli, klaɪn sɪz seɪf tɪ ɪkˈspɛkt ə nu ˈælbəm ɪn ˈərli 2017 ˈnuzˌlɛtərz gɪt ðə θɪŋz tɪ du ðɪs ˈwiˌkɪnd ˈnuzˌlɛtər dɪˈlɪvərd tɪ jʊr wɪr ˈsɑri, bət ˈsəmθɪŋ wɛnt rɔŋ bɛst θɪŋz tɪ du ðɪs ˈwiˌkɪnd pliz traɪ əˈgɛn sun, ər ˈkɑnˌtækt ˈkəstəmər ˈsərvɪs æt dɪˈlɪvəri: ˌɪnˈvæləd iˈmeɪl ˈæˌdrɛs θæŋk ju! jʊr ˈɔlˌmoʊst saɪnd əp fər θɪŋz tɪ du ðɪs ˈwiˌkɪnd kip ən aɪ aʊt fər ən iˈmeɪl tɪ kənˈfərm jʊr ˈnuzˌlɛtər ˌrɛʤɪˈstreɪʃən. mɔr ˈnuzˌlɛtərz ˈpleɪˌbɔɪ, "doʊnt lɛt ɪt bi" ˈpleɪˌbɔɪ (ˈfoʊˌtoʊ: prəˈvaɪdɪd baɪ ðə ˈɑrtɪst_) fərst lɛt mi pɔz tɪ rɪˈflɛkt ɔn ðə ˈbrɪljəns əv maɪ ˈfeɪvərɪt ˈælbəm ˈtaɪtəl ɪn fərˈɛvər. ˈoʊˈkeɪ, soʊ ˈrɑbi ˈfɛfər sɪz ðɛr ˈwərkɪŋ ɔn wət hi bɪˈlivz wɪl bi ə ˈælbəm, ðɛr fərst riˈlis sɪns "ɪˈlɛktrɪk babyman*" hɪt ðə ˈdɪʤɪtəl strits ɪn 2014 ənd ðɛr fərst riˈlis. "aɪ ˈwɑnə seɪ wɪr kloʊz," hi sɪz, "bət wi ˈɔlˌweɪz sim tɪ gɪt dɪˈleɪd." ɪts ðə fərst taɪm ðeɪv rɪˈkɔrdɪd ˌɪnˈstɛd əv lɪv ənd ˈfɛfər sɪz hiz ˈrɪli ˈhæpi wɪθ ðə ˈraɪtɪŋ. "wi roʊt ə bənʧ əv sɔŋz, skræpt səm əv ðɛm ənd roʊt mɔr," hi sɪz. "tiz ðə bɛst stəf wiv ˈɛvər dən ɪn maɪ əˈpɪnjən. ðə sɔŋz ər ɔl ˈoʊvər ðə pleɪs ənd doʊnt ˈrɪli stɪk tɪ wən 'ˈʒɑnrə' bət ðɛr ɔl ˈdɛfənətli ˈpleɪˌbɔɪ sɔŋz. wɪrd, ˈkɪndə groʊs, sɑrˈkæstɪk, fən bət dɑrk. ɪts nɑt mɪkst jɛt ənd wi doʊnt hæv hɔrnz rɪˈkɔrdɪd jɛt, bət ɪts ˈrɪli bɪn ə greɪt bət ˈʧælənʤɪŋ ɪkˈspɪriəns tɪ meɪk ðɪs wən. ˈhoʊpfəli ɪt ˈdəzənt sək." ðə ləv mi nɑts, ju down”*” ðiz ˈloʊkəl ˈhɪroʊz ˈsaʊndɪd greɪt ɔn læst jɪrz "ˈsəkər," ən ˈælbəm baɪ ðə ˈlaɪˌnəp riˈspɑnsəbəl fər ðɛr 2006 ˈdeɪbju, "ɪn blæk ənd waɪt," ənd ðə ˈivɪn ˈbɛtər ˈfɑloʊˌəp, "ˈdiˌtrɔɪt." (ˈfoʊˌtoʊ: ˈsuzən ˈʤɔrdən ˈændərsən) ðə ləv mi nɑts wɪl riˈlis ðɛr sɪksθ ˈstudiˌoʊ ˈælbəm, ju down,”*,” ðɪs ˈɔgəst ɔn əˈtɑmɪk ə goʊ goʊ ˈrɛkərdz (juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts) ənd bæd ˌrɛpjəˈteɪʃən ˈrɛkərdz (ˈjʊrəp). ðə ˈælbəm wɪl ˈfiʧər 12 ərˈɪʤənəl sɔŋz ənd mɑrks ðə fərst taɪm ˈmaɪkəl ˈʤɑni ˈwɔkər wɪl ˈrɛkərd ənd mɪks ə ləv mi nɑts ˈælbəm hɪmˈsɛlf. ðə ərˈɪʤənəl ˈlaɪˌnəp əv nɪˈkoʊl, ˈmaɪkəl ˈʤɑni ˈwɔkər, krɪˈstinə ˈnunɛz ənd ʤeɪ lin wɪl pleɪ ɔn ðɪs ˈrɛkərd, laɪk ðə læst wən. əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ðə ləv mi nɑts: ðɪs ˈælbəm ˈprɑməsəz fæt, ˈtræʃi rɑk rɪfs wɪθ ˈkələrfəl ˈlɪrɪks pɛnd baɪ nɪˈkoʊl ("aɪ ˈwɑnə gɪt ju ɔf," "maɪ hɑrt ɪz ə ˈgreɪvˌjɑrd," "aɪ doʊnt noʊ waɪ aɪ laɪk ju") pləs θri sloʊər, mɔr ˈhɑrtˌbreɪkɪŋ ʤæmz ("kɪs əv faɪər," "ˈbreɪˌkəp ˈbreɪkˌdaʊn," "bɛst ju ˈɛvər hæd") ənd ɔn wən træk ˈwɔkərz fərst taɪm ˈteɪkɪŋ lɛd ˈvoʊkəlz fər ðə bænd ("ˈlɪvɪŋ drɛd"). rɪˈkɔrdɪŋ stɑrts ðɪs wik wɪθ lin ˈkəmɪŋ ɪn frəm ˈbrʊklɪn tɪ pʊt daʊn drəmz. thelovemenots.com*. ˈkæptən skˈwiʤi ˈdæni ˈtɔrgərsən, ðə lɛd ˈsɪŋər əv ˈkæptən skˈwiʤi, pərˈfɔrmz ɔn ðə meɪn steɪʤ æt məkˈdaʊəl ˈmaʊntən mˈjuzɪk ˈfɛstɪvəl ɔn mɑrʧ 11 2016 ɪn ˈfinɪks. (ˈfoʊˌtoʊ: ˈtɑməs riˈpəblɪk) əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ noʊ ˈlɛsər ən əˈθɔrəti ðən ˈdæni ˈtɔrgərsən, ɪz rɪˈvilɪŋ ɪts nɛkst feɪz əv ˌmɛtəˈmɔrfəsəs wɪθ ðɪs fˈjuʧər riˈlis. ɪn ɑr læst ˈrɛkərd, ɪt fɛlt laɪk wi gru bɪg ˈkələrfəl wɪŋz. bət fər ðɪs wən, wɪr ˈbəstɪŋ aʊt səm frɛʃ ˈtɛntəkəlz. səm ˈgrɪti, sˈlaɪmi ˈtɛntəkəlz. mɔr synth*, ˈbɪgər hɔrnz, ˈnæstiər gɪˈtɑrz. bət ɪn ə pɪl ˈteɪstiər tɪ sˈwɔloʊ. aɪ kænt seɪ ɪgˈzæktli seɪ wɪn ðə əˈfɪʃəl drɔp ɪz, bət wi ər əˈbaʊt ˈhæfˈweɪ θru ðə birthing.”*.” rɪˈkɔrdɪŋ wɪθ bɑb hoʊg ənd ʃɛrd səm ˈfɛrli nu məˈtɪriəl æt məkˈdaʊəl ˈmaʊntən mˈjuzɪk ˈfɛstɪvəl. sɔŋz ər ˈʃɔrtər, poppier*, ənd ðən ever,”*,” ˈtɔrgərsən sɪz. hoʊg wɑz ˈɔlsoʊ kwaɪt ðə ərˈeɪnʤmənt ˈwɪzərd, ˈhɛlpɪŋ ˈjuˈɛs əˈʧiv træks ðət wɪl ˈhoʊpfəli bi mægˈnɛtɪk fər ə ˈwaɪdər ˈɔdiəns. wi ər traɪɪŋ tɪ teɪk ðə pɑp ˈfɔrmjələ ənd θroʊ ɪt ɪn ə witches’*’ cauldron.”*.” hi ædz ðət ə hɔrn ˈsɛkʃən, ə nu ˌgɪˈtɑrɪst ənd ˈnuˈfaʊnd obsession”*” wɪθ ˈsɪnθəˌsaɪzərz wɪl bi ðə ˈbɪgəst ʧeɪnʤ, ˈædɪŋ ˈvoʊkəli mɔr ˈhʊki raw.”*.” ˈaʊərˌglæs kæts, əv cats”*” ðə ˈaʊərˌglæs kæts pərˈfɔrm æt məkˈdaʊəl ˈmaʊntən mˈjuzɪk ˈfɛstɪvəl ɔn mɑrʧ 29 2014 ɪn ˈfinɪks. (ˈfoʊˌtoʊ: ʃɔn fər ðə riˈpəblɪk) ðiz ˈtɛmpi ˈrɑkərz, huz ræŋks ˌɪnˈklud ə ˈsæksəˌfoʊnɪst ənd ˌtrɑmˈboʊnɪst, hæv bɪn noʊn tɪ drɔ ɔn ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ frəm fəŋk ənd ˈrɛˌgeɪ tɪ ˌoʊldˈskul gərɑʒ rɑk. riˈlisɪŋ ə ˈtaɪtəld əv cats”*” ðət pleɪz tɪ ɔl ðoʊz strɛŋθs ɛz ðeɪ meɪk ðɛr weɪ θru səʧ ˈɑbviəs ˈhaɪˌlaɪts ɛz ðə ˈbrizi, ““rainchecks,”*,” ðə ˈæptli ˈtaɪtəld funk,”*,” ðə ˈrɔkəs ɪkˈsploʊʒən əv thinkin’”*’” ənd ðə ˈgrɪti, ðət way.”*.” ðə rɪˈkɔrdɪŋz wər mɪkst ənd prəˈdust ɪn haʊs baɪ ˈkiˌbɔrd pleɪər ˈʤɛsi ˈmɔrɪsən. riˈlis ʃoʊ ˈditeɪlz: p.m*. ˈsæˌtɪˌdeɪ, mɑrʧ 26 ˈrɛbəl laʊnʤ, 2303 i. ˈɪndiən skul roʊd, ˈfinɪks. 12 10 ɪn ədˈvæns. therebellounge.com*. sneɪk! sneɪk! sneɪks!, ““tranquilo”*” sneɪk! sneɪk! sneɪks! pərˈfɔrmz ɪn ðə ˈbɔˌlrum ˈdʊrɪŋ lɔs daɪəz də lɑ ˈkrɛsənt ɔn ˈsæˌtɪˌdeɪ, ˈɛˈsiˈpi. 25 2015 æt ˈkrɛsənt ˈbɔˌlrum ɪn ˈdaʊnˈtaʊn ˈfinɪks. (ˈfoʊˌtoʊ: ˌʤɛrəˈmaɪə fər ðə riˈpəblɪk) ˌgɪˈtɑrɪst dæn trɪp, hu ˈɔlsoʊ frənts hɪz oʊn greɪt bænd kɔld fild trɪp, sɪz hi filz ðə nu sneɪks! ˈælbəm ɪz ˈgreɪtəst rɪˈkɔrdɪŋ ˈprɑʤɛkt aɪv ˈɛvər bɪn ə pɑrt of.”*.” ðə ˈælbəm wɑz rɪˈkɔrdɪd wɪθ prəˈdusər bɑb hoʊg. ðeɪ ən ˈərli əˈtɛmpt æt ðə ˈælbəm ənd ˈɛndɪd əp ˈʃɛlvɪŋ ɪt. wɑz kul ənd everything,”*,” trɪp sɪz əv ðət fərst əˈtɛmpt. ˈæftər wi gɑt dən wɪθ ɪt, wi θɔt ɪt wʊd bi ə stɛp ˈbækwərdz fər ðə sneɪks! saʊnd tɪ riˈlis ɪt. aɪ θɪŋk ɪt peɪd ɔf, ðoʊ, bɪˈkəz wi keɪm tɪ ðə ˈstudiˌoʊ ənd meɪd ðə moʊst əv ɑr taɪm. wi gɑt 12 sɔŋz dən ɪn aɪ θɪŋk 10 deɪz əv ˈtrækɪŋ ənd tu deɪz əv ˈmɪksɪŋ. gɑt ə ril ˈskræpi saʊnd tɪ ɪt ðət meɪks mi θɪŋk əv ðət gʊd rɑk ənd roʊl. ðə pərˈdəkʃən riˈmaɪndz mi əv ˈblɑndi ər something.”*.” wɪʧ ɪz ˈnəθɪŋ laɪk ðɛr ˈərliər rɪˈkɔrdɪŋz. ˈælbəm ɪz ˈdɛfənətli ˈdɪfərənt frəm ɑr fərst ep,”*,” sɪz ˈkrɪstəfər ˈsænʧɛz. aɪ θɪŋk ˈpipəl kən stɪl ʤæm ðɪs (ˈɛksplətɪv) ˈwɛðər jʊr 80 ər 4 jɪrz oʊld. aɪ min ɪt. aɪ hæv kɪdz ˈkəmɪŋ əp tɪ mi ɔl ðə taɪm ˈæskɪŋ haʊ aɪ leɪd daʊn ðoʊz basslines*. aɪ ʤɪst hæv tɪ smaɪl ənd ʃrəg ɔf. aɪ min, ðɛr ʤɪst kɪdz. wət ðə du ðeɪ know?”*?” ðə wən sɔŋ hərd, ɛn dumb,”*,” ɪz rɑk ənd roʊl ˈprɑbəˌbli ˈkloʊzər ɪn ˈspɪrɪt tɪ ðə ˈstuʤɪz ðən ər something”*” bət kul wɪθ ðət. ʤɔɪnd æt ðɛr ˈælbəm riˈlis ʃoʊ baɪ ˈpleɪˌbɔɪ, proʊ tinz ənd streɪnʤ lɔt, wɪʧ ɪz ən ˈɛksələnt bɪl ɪf ˈlʊkɪŋ fər ˈsəmθɪŋ tɪ du ðət naɪt. riˈlis ʃoʊ ˈditeɪlz: 7 p.m*. ˈsæˌtɪˌdeɪ, ˈeɪprəl 9 ˈkrɛsənt ˈbɔˌlrum, 308 ɛn. ˈsɛkənd ˈɑˌveɪ., ˈfinɪks. 10 crescentphx.com*. ˈskɔrpiən ˈvərsəz. təˈrænʧələ ˈskɔrpiən ˈvərsəz. təˈrænʧələ (ˈfoʊˌtoʊ: prəˈvaɪdɪd baɪ ðə ˈɑrtɪst) ˈoʊnli hərd tu sɔŋz soʊ fɑr frəm ðɛr ˈfɔrθˈkəmɪŋ, du ˈeɪprəl 1-ish*, ənd plizd, ɪf nɑt səˈpraɪzd, tɪ seɪ ðeɪ rɑk. fighter”*” ɪz ɔn ðə ˈdɑrkər saɪd əv ðɛr mˈjuzɪkəl ˈspɛktrəm, ə ˈbrudɪŋ ˈrɑkər əˈbaʊt ə təf gaɪ hu fɔlz əsˈlip sˈmoʊkɪŋ ənd bərnz ðə haʊs daʊn. ðət sɛts əp ən ˈkɔrəs əv ɛl. ˈhɑˌʃɑt ˈweɪlɪŋ, ˈfaɪtər ðeɪ sɛd ju wər ən ˌgʊdˈbaɪ ˈfaɪtər jɑ ˈɔlˌweɪz wɑz gʊd tɪ me.”*.” ðə ˈəðər sɔŋ hərd, ““c’mon,”*,” ɪz mɔr ˈrɛkləs ðən ðət wɪθ ə ˈkɔrəs bɪlt tɪ bi ˈʃaʊtɪd əˈlɔŋ tɪ ɪn ə sˈwɛti rɑk bɑr. ˈɔlsoʊ ə pandoras’*’ ˈkəvər ɔl talk”*”) rɪˈkɔrdɪd wɪθ ʤɪm ˈdaɪmənd ɪn ˈdiˌtrɔɪt ənd ə sɔŋ ˌɪnˈspaɪərd baɪ ə ˈkɛrɪktər ɪn mæn wɪθ ðə ˈgoʊldən arm.”*.” wɪn æst haʊ ðə ˈælbəm kəmˈpɛrz tɪ ðɛr ˈpriviəs ˈɛfərts, ˌgɪˈtɑrɪst ʤeɪ ˈbɛnɪt sɛd, seɪ ɪf ju ˈtɑlərˌeɪt ðə ˈəðər stəf wiv riˈlist, jul si ðət ðɪs məˈtɪriəl wɪl sɪˈmɛnt jʊr pərˈsɛpʃən əv ˈjuˈɛs ɛz ə bænd ðət rɪfˈjuzɪz tɪ ɪˈvɑlv, fər ˈbɛtər ər worse.”*.” ˈdaɪnərz ˈtaɪlər blu ˈbrɑdərɪk əv ˈdaɪnərz (ˈfoʊˌtoʊ: ˈɛlmər mɑrˈtinɛz) ˈtaɪlər blu ˈbrɑdərɪk rɪˈkɔrdɪd moʊst əv diners’*’ ˈleɪtəst ˈælbəm, ““three,”*,” wɪθ æt ˈstudiˌoʊ, ˌɔlˈðoʊ fɔr hoʊm rɪˈkɔrdɪŋz ər ˈɔlsoʊ ˌɪnˈkludɪd. ˈbrɑdərɪk sɪz, (jemsek*) ənd aɪ ˈstɑrtɪd rɪˈkɔrdɪŋ ðə ˈælbəm bæk ɪn sɛpˈtɛmbər əv 2014 ənd aɪv bɪn rɪˈkɔrdɪŋ ˌpiriˈɑdɪkəli sɪns ðɛn baɪ ˌmaɪˈsɛlf ənd wɪθ ə bænd. aɪ wɛnt ɪn ˈθɪŋkɪŋ ðət aɪ wɑz ʤɪst goʊɪŋ tɪ du ə fʊl lɛŋθ, bət æt ðə reɪt aɪ wɑz ˈmuvɪŋ, aɪ wɑz ˈraɪtɪŋ mɔr sɔŋz ðən aɪ kʊd ˈrɛkərd. ðə ˈhæpənd ˈæftər ˈriəˌlaɪzɪŋ ðət aɪ hæd weɪ tu ˈmɛni sɔŋz. aɪv hæd fɑr tu ˈmɛni ˈdɪfərənt aɪˈdiəz fər haʊ ðɪs ˈælbəm ʃʊd bi, bət əm ˈhæpi əˈbaʊt wɛr ɪt ɪz naʊ. aɪ θɪŋk ðɪs ˈælbəm ɪz ˈpleɪfəl ənd wɪθ lɑts əv ˈdɪfərənt kaɪnz əv sɔŋz. ðɛr ər 15 træks, səm ər ˈɪntərˌludz ənd səm ər trəˈdɪʃənəl songs.”*.” ˈbrɑdərɪk prəˈdust ðə ˈælbəm wɪθ ðə hɛlp əv ənd sɪz ðɛr bɛst ˈrɛkərd jɛt, wɪʧ ɪz seɪɪŋ ə lɔt bɪˈkəz ðɛr ˈəðər stəf ɪz greɪt. ɛz tɪ wɪn ju kən ɪkˈspɛkt tɪ hir ɪt, ˈbrɑdərɪk sɪz, ˈhoʊpɪŋ fər ˈɔgəst, bət əm ˈhirɪŋ ˈhɔrər ˈstɔriz əˈbaʊt ðə ˈprɛsɪŋ plænts raɪt now.”*.” ˈfinɪks ˈɔrkəstrə, "paʊ!" ˈfinɪks ˈɔrkəstrə (ˈfoʊˌtoʊ: prəˈvaɪdɪd baɪ ðə ˈɑrtɪst) ðɛr wən əv ðə ˈsɪtiz ɪkˈsaɪtɪŋ lɪv əˈtrækʃənz ənd ðæts ˈɔlˌweɪz bɪn ðə ˈoʊnli weɪ ju kʊd ɪkˈspɪriəns ðɛr mˈjuzɪk bət ðət kʊd bi ˈʧeɪnʤɪŋ sun ɪˈnəf. "wi ər ˈprɛpɪŋ ə riˈlis naʊ," sɪz ˈdeɪvɪd mɑrˈkɛz. "riˈlis deɪt dɪˈpɛndz ɔn ˈrɛkərd prɛs. kʊd stɪl bi ə ˈmɪnət. plænz fər ðɪs ˈsəmər tɪ goʊ bæk ɪn." kəˈmil slɛʤ, lɛd əv ˈrɪʧuəlz, sɛnt ˈjuˈɛs ə noʊt seɪɪŋ, "aɪ fil əˈkɑmplɪʃt. aɪ hæv bɪn ə pɑrt əv ˈhɪstəri wɪθ ju ɔl. ənd wɪθ ðə hoʊl nu mɑm θɪŋ ˈstɑrtɪŋ ʤɪst əˈbaʊt ðə taɪm aɪ hæd lomey*, aɪ æm əˈmeɪzd ðət aɪ dɪd nɑt fɔl ɔf ðə mˈjuzɪkəl drim aɪ hæv. ðə ɪgˈzækt ˈɑpəzɪt, aɪ meɪd ən ˈɔsəm pis əv wərk wɪθ səm ˈprɑpər ril mofos*!! paʊ ˈfæməli." ˌsɛləˈbreɪʃən gənz, mi ðət juzd tɪ be”*” ðeɪ rɪˈkɔrdɪd ðɪs wɪθ prəˈdusər bɑb hoʊg, hu ˈɔlsoʊ ˈædɪd ˈbækɪŋ ˈvoʊkəlz ənd pərˈkəʃən, æt flaɪɪŋ ˈblæŋkɪt ɪn ˈərli 2015 ðɛr fərst, ““quitter,”*,” wɑz ə kəˈlɛkʃən əv ˈdɛˌmoʊz rɪˈkɔrdɪd ɔn ðət ˈvoʊkəlɪst ˈʤəstɪn wir sɪz wʊd bi ““gracious”*” tɪ kənˈsɪdər lo-fi*. ə ˈsɛkənd, "braɪt ɪˈnəf," wɑz bɪt əv ə dɪˈzæstər wɪn ɪt keɪm tɪ pərˈdəkʃən value,”*,” əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ wir. ðət ˈprɑmptɪd ðə dɪˈsɪʒən tɪ əp wɪθ ə rɪˈkɔrdɪŋ kˈwɑləti ðət traɪd tɪ mæʧ ðə ɪkˈspɪriəns əv siɪŋ ˈjuˈɛs pleɪ lɪv, wɪʧ ɪz wɛr wi gɪt ɑr bɛst feedback.”*.” ðə sɔŋz, wir sɪz, ə mɔr məˈʧʊr ənd lɛs keɪˈɑtɪk ˈfilɪŋ ðən ɑr ˈpriviəs wərk, wɪˈθaʊt ˈluzɪŋ ðə rɑ ˈɛnərʤi ər juˈnik ərˈeɪnʤmənts ðət wi ləvd əˈbaʊt ɑr ˈpriviəs releases.”*.” riˈlist ə ˈvɪdioʊ fər ðə lɛd ˈsɪŋgəl, volunteer,”*,” ənd plæn ɔn riˈlisɪŋ əˈnəðər wən wɪˈθɪn ðə nɛkst fju mənθs. ðə ɪz biɪŋ riˈlist baɪ ˈloʊkəl ˈvaɪnəl ˈleɪbəl ˈprɛzɪdənt ˈgeɪtər, əˈveɪləbəl fər ˈɔrdər æt hellomerch.com*. ðə nɛkst stɛp, wir, ɪz ə ˈælbəm. twɪn ˈpoʊniz, ənd flaʊər ˈfɛstɪvəl ʤɔɪn ðɛm æt ðɛr ˈrɛkərd riˈlis ʃoʊ. riˈlis ʃoʊ ˈditeɪlz: 8 p.m*. ˈfraɪˌdeɪ, ˈeɪprəl 8 ˈkrɛsənt ˈbɔˌlrum, 308 ɛn. ˈsɛkənd ˈɑˌveɪ., ˈfinɪks. 10 crescentphx.com*. fild trɪp fild trɪp (ˈfoʊˌtoʊ: prəˈvaɪdɪd baɪ ðə ˈɑrtɪst) ˌgɪˈtɑrɪst dæn trɪp riˈlist ə strɪŋ əv fild trɪp ɪn 2014 ɔl əv wɪʧ aɪ ləvd. bət ðɪs taɪm aʊt, ˈstɛpɪŋ əp hɪz geɪm, rɪˈkɔrdɪŋ ɪn ə ˈprɑpər ˈstudiˌoʊ, prəˈdusər bɑb flaɪɪŋ ˈblæŋkɪt, ənd ˈhoʊpɪŋ tɪ træk ɪˈnəf sɔŋz tɪ kət ə ˈwɪlɪŋ). ˌɔlˈðoʊ ðə ˈfəndɪŋ kæmˈpeɪn rənz θru ˈfraɪˌdeɪ, ˈeɪprəl 1 ɔˈrɛdi leɪd daʊn ˈrɪðəm træks ɔn sɪks træks. wɔnt tɪ du əˈnəðər ep,”*,” trɪp sɪz. ˈhoʊpfəl ɪt wɪl bi ə full-length.”*.” ðə ˈsɛʃənz hæv bɪn goʊɪŋ ˈrɪli wɛl, hi sɪz. ˈhirɪŋ bæk wət dən soʊ fɑr, ˈbɪgər ənd ˈbɛtər ðən ˈɛniˌθɪŋ dən before.”*.” wət meɪd ɪm wɔnt tɪ goʊ ˈɪntu ðə ˈstudiˌoʊ fər ðɪs wən? trɪp sɪz ɪt wɑz ˈloʊkəl mˈjuzɪk ˈraɪtər ˈmɪʧəl ˈhɪlˌmæn. noʊn ˈmɪʧəl ə lɔŋ time,”*,” hi sɪz, wɪθ ə læf. ˈɔlˌweɪz æt mi bɪˈkəz hi laɪks ɑr lɪv saʊnd ənd aɪ θɪŋk bɪn ˈeɪbəl tɪ ˈkæpʧər ðət jɛt. aɪ laɪk maɪ rɪˈkɔrdɪŋz. kul. bət ɪf ju ˈlɪsən tɪ ðət ðɛn si ˈjuˈɛs lɪv, ju maɪt nɑt ˈrɛkəgˌnaɪz ɪt ɛz ðə seɪm band.”*.” ˈprɪti ʃʊr ðə ɛnd rɪˈzəlt wɪl bi. ˈjuʒəwəli kəm əp wɪθ ˈsəmθɪŋ clever,”*,” hi sɪz. ðɪs wən, aɪ wɔnt ˈpipəl tɪ bi laɪk, ‘‘hey*, ðɪs ɪz fild tripp.’*.’ aɪ wɔnt ɪt tɪ ɪmˈbɑdi wət ˈsaʊndɪd laɪk ˈoʊvər ðiz pæst fju jɪrz. aɪ wɔnt tɪ ˈkæpʧər that.”*.” ˈkɛrəl ˈpeɪsi ðə ˈhəni ˈʃeɪkərz, "aɪz ɔn ðə praɪz" ˈkɛrəl ˈpeɪsi (ˈfoʊˌtoʊ: ʃɔn ˈændərsən ˈspɛʃəl fər ðə riˈpəblɪk) ðiz ˈtɛmpi ˈrɑkərz ər ɪn ðə mɪst əv ˈwərkɪŋ ɔn ðə ˈfɑloʊˌəp tɪ "jæ jæ jæ." ˌgɪˈtɑrɪst ˈændi bɔˈrundə sɪz, "wi ər ˈvɛri ɪkˈsaɪtɪd fər ˈpipəl tɪ hir wət wiv bɪn əp tɪ. ðɪs ˈælbəm həz ə dɪˈvərs mɪks əv mˈjuzɪk wɪθ ə lɔt əv dɛpθ ənd leɪərz tɪ ɪt. wi ˈwɔntɪd tɪ meɪk ʃʊr ðɪs ɪz dən haʊ wi ˈwɔntɪd soʊ ɪt ʤɪst teɪks taɪm ənd ɪts goʊɪŋ tɪ bi wɛl wərθ ɪt." ðə ˈælbəm ˈfiʧərz 14 sɔŋz ənd "ə ˈkəpəl əv ˈvɛri ˈspɛʃəl gɛsts," bɔˈrundə sɪz, ɔn hɔrnz ənd ˈkiˌbɔrdz. ɪn əˈdɪʃən tɪ 13 ərˈɪʤənəlz, ðɛr ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ðɛr ˈvərʒən əv "ˈɛniˌθɪŋ ˈɛniˌθɪŋ gɪv ju)," ˈrɪtən baɪ ʤɑn easdale*, ə frɛnd əv ðə bænd. "fər ˈpeɪsi sɪz, "aɪ ˈwɔntɪd 12 træks ðət rɑkt frəm stɑrt tɪ ˈfɪnɪʃ, ɔl θˈrɪlər ənd noʊ ˈfɪlər! fər ðɪs ˈrɛkərd, aɪ ˈwɔntɪd ðə seɪm, bət wɪθ ə ˈdɪfərənt daɪˈnæmɪk wɪʧ aɪ θɪŋk wi əˈʧivd wɪθ ɑr træk səˈlɛkʃən ɛz wɛl ɛz ˈwərkɪŋ əˈgɛn wɪθ saʊnd ˈɛnʤəˈnɪr ənd co-producer*, ˈʤoʊzəf ˈæsɪlɪn æt sˈwɪʧˌbleɪd saʊnd." ðə ˈælbəm ɑrt ɪz wəns əˈgɛn baɪ ˈmaɪkəl məˈkɑrtni əv baɪ sup ɪn ˈɔrəˌgɑn, hu dɪd ðə ˈælbəm ɑrt ənd leɪaʊt ɔn ðɛr ˈpriviəs riˈlis. noʊ vɑlˈkeɪnoʊ, hɔrs power”*” noʊ vɑlˈkeɪnoʊ (ˈfoʊˌtoʊ: aɪˈlin ˈoʊlsən) ðɪs ɪz, fər mi, ðə ˈfɑloʊˌəp tɪ wən əv bɛst ˈloʊkəl rɪˈlisɪz, seɪvd ðə party.”*.” ʤɪm ɑnˈdreɪəs sɪz ðeɪ ʃʊd bi ˈfɪnɪʃt rɪˈkɔrdɪŋ baɪ leɪt fɔl wɪθ ˈdrəmər krɪs ˈkɛnədi riˈvɪzɪtɪŋ hɪz roʊl ɛz ðə ˈpərsən ɪn ʧɑrʤ əv rɪˈkɔrdɪŋ ənd ˈmɪksɪŋ. ðə ˈælbəm ɪz ə ˈlɪtəl ˈdɑrkər ənd heavier,”*,” ɑnˈdreɪəs sɪz, stɪl ˈəpˌbit ənd fun.”*.” ˈɔlsoʊ ˈwərkɪŋ ɔn ə ˈvɪdioʊ fər ə sɔŋ frəm ðə ˈælbəm wɪθ ˈkrɪstəfər pomerenke*, hu dɪd ðə ˈmuviz ˈɪntu waɪn ənd hɑrt ɪz ə drəm machine.”*.” ðə ˈvɪdioʊ ʃʊd bi dən baɪ ˈərli ˈsəmər. sərˈin ˈdɑmənɪk sərˈin ˈdɑmənɪk pərˈfɔrmz æt ˈvælənˌtaɪnz dæns ˈpɑrti æt ˈpæloʊ ˈvərdi laʊnʤ ɪn ˈtɛmpi ɔn ˈsæˌtɪˌdeɪ, 2016 (ˈfoʊˌtoʊ: məˈlɪsə fər ðə riˈpəblɪk) ðə mæn ɪn ˈloʊkəl ˈʃoʊbɪz (ənd ə ˈfrikˌwɛnt kənˈtrɪbjətər tɪ azcentral*) ɪz ˈpʊtɪŋ təˈgɛðər ə kæst rɪˈkɔrdɪŋ fər hɪz ˈsɛkənd mˈjuzɪkəl, lullaby.”*.” bi ə bænd rɪˈkɔrdɪŋ baɪ sərˈin ˈdɑmənɪk ənd ðə gemseekers,”*,” hi sɪz, gɛst əˈpɪrənsəz baɪ ˈsɛrə ˈgrɪfɪn, zæk ˈfɪlɪps, ənd ˈəðərz tba*, laɪk raɪən ˈeɪvəri ɪf hi sɪz jɛs. əm ˈmeɪkɪŋ ðə ˈdɛˌmoʊz səŋ baɪ mi əˈveɪləbəl naʊ bət ðɛl bi ɔn ðə kæst recording.”*.” ˈoʊnli hərd θri sɔŋz bət ɔl prɪˈdɪktəbli ˈbrɪljənt. beɪst ɔn ən oʊld nɔɪr fɪlm kɔld ‘‘detour,’”*,’” ˈdɑmənɪk ɪkˈspleɪnz. aɪv ʧeɪnʤd ə fju θɪŋz. aɪ wɪl bi ɛz ə ˈmɛmbər əv ə ˈprɪzən bænd ənd wɪr duɪŋ ə kaɪnd əv ʃoʊ soʊ kɪdz doʊnt ˈfɑloʊ maɪ ɪgˈzæmpəl ənd goʊ ɔn ən ˌæksəˈdɛnəl ˈkɪlɪŋ spri əˈkrɔs ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts. ɑr ˈvərʒən əv ɪt teɪks pleɪs ɪn ðə nɑt ðə ’40s.”*.” rɛd ər ʃɛr ðɪs ˈstɔri:
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tyler blue broderick of diners (photo: elmer martinez)
this year has seen some great new music from the local scene, but we’re just getting started. any number of the biggest and/or brightest artists in the valley are already working on their next move. here’s a look at a handful of those acts and what we know about those records. there are more, i’m sure. these are the ones i know about that i know i’ll be looking forward to.
kongos
kongos (photo: courtesy of artist)
i spoke to dylan kongos late last year about the progress the brothers had made on recording the major-label followup to “lunatic,” the mainstream breakthrough that gave the world “come with me now.” “it’s been a long time that this album has been not necessarily in the works, but we’ve been waiting to get around to it because it kind of took a couple years for it to get rolling for us,” he said. “we had some of the material written, we were starting to work on it, and then when ‘lunatic’ took off, we put it on the back burner because we had to give ‘lunatic’ a real shot with touring. so we were really excited to finish touring and get started on this album. there are some huge songs. without getting into the details, there’s a common theme to the whole album, and sonically it’s just a really big sound. there’s a lot of layering and really big drums. we were really going for an in-your-face kind of sound.”
the songwriting credits on this one are more equally divided between the four brothers, dylan said, “and there’s a real difference to our writing styles (so) there are some definite departures.” there’s also a lyrical thread to tie the songs together this time out but dylan wasn’t ready to elaborate that or share the title, which also relates to the lyrical thread. the album is expected to arrive in june.
ajj
andrew jackson jihad (photo: stephanie carrico)
i’d seen some online rumblings to suggest that local folk-punk heroes ajj, formerly known as andrew jackson jihad, might be working on a followup to “christmas island,” so i sent them a message, to which they responded, “we did record! we do have something in the works!”
sean bonnette did open up more when he checked in with the a.v. club about the name change, saying: “i know that this record is awesome, and i’m really proud of it, but i’ve been saying for a long time that our band isn’t for everyone. it would be great if the people that are emailing us telling us that they are boycotting our band because of our name change, it’d be great if they gave it a listen. but they don’t have to if they don’t want to.”
roger clyne & the peacemakers
roger clyne & the peacemakers revisiting "fizzy fuzzy big & buzzy" at the yucca tap room. (photo: lisa webb | special for the republic)
the leader of the peacemakers is on his way back from a writing trip to rocky point with guitarist jim dalton when he checks in from the road to talk about the progress they’ve made making. “i’ve been working on new material and i like to go down there,” he explains, “where i don’t have email and the house phone, all that stuff, and strum and strum and see what i come up with.” dalton, he says, is “a very good sounding board,” adding, “he tells me when i can do better or when i should stop trying to improve on a certain thing that’s not bearing any return, so i trust his musical instincts.”
clyne has been working on songs for a peacemakers album for more than a year now. when we caught up in early 2015, he said he had a pretty good idea of the sort of thing he didn't want to write this time around. "i just need to keep writing, keep it fun and not write so many songs about growing old and death, but not necessarily focus too much on chasing skirts and drinking beer. maybe i've painted myself into a corner. i know there's lots more i could write about."
reminded a year later, clyne laughs and says, “that’s a good quote. i wish i had said that.” he also says he’s “approaching double digits” as far as the number of songs he’s written and the next step is to start rehearsing them. “i think we’re gonna bring a few of them to the talking stick stage,” he says, referring to the peacemakers’ next local show at talking stick resort on april 2.
"and i look back on them and go, ‘i’ve think i’ve done enough of a body of work between ‘fizzy fuzzy’ and (2014's) ‘the independent’ that was focused on working hard on the art so that i didn’t overuse certain devices that i may indulge in that. i don’t want to try to replicate it, but if in being spontaneous i find myself leaning on those old devices, i may just keep them in there rather than work so hard to change them.”
asked if the process of celebrating the 20th anniversary of “fizzy fuzzy big & buzzy” has had an impact on the shaping of his latest album, clyne says, “re-immersing myself in my earliest published material gave me a perspective. i look back at what i was doing melodically. i look back at what i was doing in terms of chord progressions, song structure and subject and i see it’s very honest. and i don’t want to try to replicate it but i want to try to stop myself from stopping habits. i as a writer have habits that come naturally. and it’s good not to always lean on them and it’s also good sometimes, i think, to go ahead and say, ‘well, this is signature.’ so there are a few things that i think subconsciously i was avoiding in the writing process, that i didn’t want to become a parody of myself.
there is no working title yet for this new album, clyne says, “because i don’t have a general perspective on what the theme of the album will be, but i’m sure something will emerge.” as far as time, he says, “jim and i, we’re driving back from mexico, and we were just talking about producers and when to start interviewing them and the time is actually now. so my next step is to look at the body of work that i have as a whole, get my impressions of it thematically, play it with the band to get all of our impressions and then go from there.” realistically, clyne says it’s safe to expect a new album in early 2017.
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playboy manbaby, "don't let it be"
playboy manbaby (photo: provided by the artist_)
first let me pause to reflect on the brilliance of my favorite album title in forever. ok, so robbie pfeffer says they're working on what he believes will be a 10-song album, their first release since "electric babyman" hit the digital streets in 2014 and their first full-length release. "i wanna say we're close," he says, "but we always seem to get delayed." it's the first time they've recorded track-by-track instead of live and pfeffer says he's really happy with the writing. "we wrote a bunch of songs, scrapped some of them and wrote more," he says. "t's the best stuff we've ever done in my opinion. the songs are all over the place and don't really stick to one 'genre' but they're all definitely playboy manbaby songs. weird, kinda gross, sarcastic, fun but dark. it's not mixed yet and we don't have horns recorded yet, but it's really been a great but challenging experience to make this one. hopefully it doesn't suck."
the love me nots, “are you down”
these local heroes sounded great on last year's "sucker," an album by the lineup responsible for their 2006 debut, "in black and white," and the even better followup, 2008's "detroit." (photo: susan jordan anderson)
the love me nots will release their sixth studio album, “are you down,” this august on atomic a go go records (united states) and bad reputation records (europe). the album will feature 12 original songs and marks the first time michael johnny walker will record and mix a love me nots album himself. the original lineup of nicole laurenne, michael johnny walker, christina nunez and jay lien will play on this record, like the last one. according to the love me nots: this album promises fat, trashy rock riffs with colorful lyrics penned by nicole laurenne ("i wanna get you off," "my heart is a graveyard," "i don't know why i like you") plus three slower, more heartbreaking jams ("kiss of fire," "breakup breakdown," "best you ever had") and — on one track — walker's first time taking lead vocals for the band ("living dread"). recording starts this week with lien coming in from brooklyn to put down drums. thelovemenots.com.
captain squeegee
danny torgersen, the lead singer of captain squeegee, performs on the main stage at mcdowell mountain music festival on march 11, 2016 in phoenix. (photo: thomas hawthorne/the republic)
according to no lesser an authority than danny torgersen, “squeegee is revealing its next phase of metamorphosis with this future release. in our last record, it felt like we grew big colorful wings. but for this one, we're busting out some fresh tentacles. some gritty, slimy tentacles. more synth, bigger horns, nastier guitars. but in a pill that’s tastier to swallow. i can't say exactly say when the official drop is, but we are about halfway through the birthing.” they’re recording with bob hoag and shared some fairly awe-inspiring new material at mcdowell mountain music festival. “the songs are shorter, poppier, and punchier than ever,” torgersen says. “bob hoag was also quite the arrangement wizard, helping us achieve tracks that will hopefully be magnetic for a wider audience. we are trying to take the pop formula and throw it in a tie-dye witches’ cauldron.” he adds that a five-piece horn section, a new guitarist and “a newfound obsession” with synthesizers will be the biggest change, adding “but vocally more hooky & raw.”
hourglass cats, “portraits of cats”
the hourglass cats perform at mcdowell mountain music festival on march 29, 2014, in phoenix. (photo: shawn anderson/special for the republic)
these tempe rockers, whose ranks include a saxophonist and trombonist, have been known to draw on everything from funk and reggae to old-school garage rock. they’re releasing a six-song ep titled “portraits of cats” that plays to all those strengths as they make their way through such obvious highlights as the breezy, island-flavored “rainchecks,” the aptly titled “downtown funk,” the raucous garage-rock explosion of “been thinkin’” and the gritty, ep-closing “be that way.” the recordings were mixed and produced in house by keyboard player jesse morrison.
release show details: 8:30 p.m. saturday, march 26. rebel lounge, 2303 e. indian school road, phoenix. $12; $10 in advance. 602-296-7013, therebellounge.com.
snake! snake! snakes!, “tranquilo”
snake! snake! snakes! performs in the ballroom during los dias de la crescent on saturday, sep. 25, 2015, at crescent ballroom in downtown phoenix. (photo: jeremiah toller/special for the republic)
guitarist dan tripp, who also fronts his own great band called field tripp, says he feels the new snakes! album is “the greatest recording project i've ever been a part of.” the album was recorded with producer bob hoag. they self-recorded an early attempt at the album and ended up shelving it. “it was cool and everything,” tripp says of that first attempt. “but after we got done with it, we thought it would be a step backwards for the snakes! sound to release it. i think it paid off, though, because we came to the studio super-ready and made the most of our time. we got 12 songs done in i think 10 days of tracking and two days of mixing. it’s got a real scrappy sound to it that makes me think of that good ‘70s rock and roll. the production reminds me of blondie or something.” which is nothing like their earlier recordings. “this album is definitely different from our first ep,” says christopher sanchez. “but i think people can still jam this (expletive) whether you're 80 or 4 years old. i mean it. i have kids coming up to me all the time asking how i laid down those phat basslines. i just have to smile and shrug ’em off. i mean, they're just kids. what the f--k do they know?”
the one song i’ve heard, “dead n dumb,” is feedback-laden punk-inspired rock and roll that’s probably closer in spirit to the stooges than “blondie or something” but i’m cool with that. they’re joined at their album release show by playboy manbaby, pro teens and strange lot, which is an excellent bill if you’re looking for something to do that night.
release show details: 7 p.m. saturday, april 9. crescent ballroom, 308 n. second ave., phoenix. $10. 602-716-2222, crescentphx.com.
scorpion vs. tarantula
scorpion vs. tarantula (photo: provided by the artist)
i’ve only heard two songs so far from their forthcoming six-song self-titled ep, due april 1-ish, and i’m pleased, if not surprised, to say they rock. “goodbye fighter” is on the darker side of their musical spectrum, a brooding rocker about a tough guy who falls asleep smoking and burns the house down. that sets up an ac/dc-worthy chorus of l. hotshot wailing, “goodbye fighter / they said you were an s.o.b / goodbye fighter / ya always was good to me.” the other song i’ve heard, “c’mon,” is more reckless than that with a chorus built to be shouted along to in a sweaty rock bar. there’s also a pandoras’ cover (“you’re all talk”) recorded with jim diamond in detroit and a song inspired by a character in “the man with the golden arm.” when asked how the album compares to their previous efforts, guitarist jay bennett said, “i'd say if you tolerate the other stuff we've released, you'll see that this material will cement your perception of us as a band that refuses to evolve, for better or worse.”
diners
tyler blue broderick of diners (photo: elmer martinez)
tyler blue broderick recorded most of diners’ latest album, “three,” with jalipaz at mesa’s audioconfusion studio, although four home recordings are also included. broderick says, “tristan (jemsek) and i started recording the album back in september of 2014 and i've been recording periodically since then by myself and with a band. i went in thinking that i was just going to do a full length, but at the rate i was moving, i was writing more songs than i could record. the ep happened after realizing that i had way too many songs. i've had far too many different ideas for how this album should be, but i'm happy about where it is now. i think this album is playful and with lots of different kinds of songs. there are 15 tracks, some are interludes and some are traditional songs.” broderick produced the album with the help of jalipaz and says it’s their best record yet, which is saying a lot because their other stuff is great. as to when you can expect to hear it, broderick says, “i'm hoping for august, but i'm hearing horror stories about the pressing plants right now.”
phoenix afrobeat orchestra, "pao!"
phoenix afrobeat orchestra (photo: provided by the artist)
they're one of the city's exciting live attractions and that's always been the only way you could experience their music but that could be changing soon enough. "we are prepping a release now," says david marquez. "release date depends on record press. could still be a minute. plans for this summer to go back in." camille sledge, lead singer/leader of rituals, sent us a note saying, "i feel accomplished. i have been a part of phx history with you all. and with the whole new mom thing starting just about the time i had lomey, i am amazed that i did not fall off the musical dream i have. the exact opposite, i made an awesome piece of work with some proper real mofos!! xoxo pao family."
celebration guns, “the me that used to be”
they recorded this five-song ep with producer bob hoag, who also added backing vocals and percussion, at flying blanket in early 2015. their first ep, “quitter,” was a collection of demos recorded on garageband that guitar-playing vocalist justin weir says would be “gracious” to consider lo-fi. a second ep, "bright enough," was “a bit of a disaster when it came to production value,” according to weir. that prompted the decision to “come up with a recording quality that tried to match the experience of seeing us play live, which is where we get our best feedback.” the songs, weir says, “have a more mature and less chaotic feeling than our previous work, without losing the raw energy or unique arrangements that we loved about our previous releases.” they’ve released a video for the ep’s lead single, “the volunteer,” and plan on releasing another one within the next few months. the ep is being released by local vinyl label president gator, available for order at hellomerch.com. the next step, weir, is a full-length album. twin ponies, sundressed and flower festival join them at their record release show.
release show details: 8 p.m. friday, april 8. crescent ballroom, 308 n. second ave., phoenix. $10. 602-716-2222, crescentphx.com.
field tripp
field tripp (photo: provided by the artist)
guitarist dan tripp released a string of self-recorded field tripp eps in 2014, all of which i loved. but this time out, he’s stepping up his game, recording in a proper studio, producer bob hoag’s flying blanket, and hoping to track enough songs to cut a full-length (indiegogo willing). although the funding campaign runs through friday, april 1, they’ve already laid down rhythm tracks on six tracks. “i don’t want to do another ep,” tripp says. “so i’m hopeful it will be a full-length.” the sessions have been going really well, he says. “just hearing back what we’ve done so far, it’s bigger and better than anything i’ve done before.” what made him want to go into the studio for this one? tripp says it was local music writer mitchell hillman. “i’ve known mitchell a long time,” he says, with a laugh. “and he’s always bitched at me because he likes our live sound and i don’t think we’ve been able to capture that yet. i like my recordings. they’re cool. but if you listen to that then see us live, you might not recognize it as the same band.” he’s pretty sure the end result will be self-titled. “we usually come up with something clever,” he says. “but this one, i want people to be like, ‘hey, this is field tripp.’ i want it to embody what we’ve sounded like over these past few years. i want to capture that.”
carol pacey & the honey shakers, "eyes on the prize"
carol pacey (photo: shawn anderson | special for the republic)
these tempe rockers are in the midst of working on the followup to "yeah yeah yeah." guitarist andy borunda says, "we are very excited for people to hear what we've been up to. this album has a diverse mix of music with a lot of depth and layers to it. we wanted to make sure this is done how we wanted so it just takes time and it's going to be well worth it." the album features 14 songs and "a couple of very special guests," borunda says, on horns and keyboards. in addition to 13 originals, they're including their version of dramarama's "anything anything (i’ll give you)," written by john easdale, a friend of the band.
"for 'y3,'" pacey says, "i wanted 12 tracks that rocked from start to finish, all thriller and no filler! for this record, i wanted the same, but with a different dynamic which i think we achieved with our track selection as well as working again with sound engineer and co-producer, joseph asselin at switchblade sound." the album art is once again by michael mccartney of dezignz by soup in oregon, who did the album art and layout on their previous release.
no volcano, “dead horse power”
no volcano (photo: eileen olson)
this is, for me, the long-awaited full-length followup to one of 2015’s best local releases, “who saved the party.” jim andreas says they should be finished recording by late summer/early fall with drummer chris kennedy revisiting his role as the person in charge of recording and mixing. the album is “maybe a little darker and heavier,” andreas says, “but still upbeat and fun.” they’re also working on a video for a song from the album with christopher pomerenke, who did the movies “blood into wine and “the heart is a drum machine.” the video should be done by early summer.
serene dominic
serene dominic performs at butthurt valentine's dance party at palo verde lounge in tempe on saturday, feb.13, 2016. (photo: melissa fossum/special for the republic)
the hardest-working man in local showbiz (and a frequent contributor to azcentral) is putting together a cast recording for his second musical, “dark lullaby.” “it'll be a band recording by serene dominic and the gemseekers,” he says, “with guest appearances by sara griffin, zack phillips, joobs and others tba, like ryan avery if he says yes. i'm making the demos sung by me available now but they'll be on the cast recording.” i’ve only heard three songs but they’re all predictably brilliant. “it's based on an old noir film called ‘detour,’” dominic explains. “but i've changed a few things. i will be narrating as a member of a death-row prison band and we're doing a scared-straight kind of show so kids don't follow my example and go on an accidental killing spree across the united states. our version of it takes place in the ’70s not the ’40s.”
read or share this story: http://azc.cc/1rlficy
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ðə nɔrθ ˌkɛrəˈlaɪnə ˈtɛləˌvɪʒən rɪˈpɔrtər hu ˈfɔlsli ðət ˈrɑbənsən ˈkɑnoʊ hæd ˈtɛstɪd ˈpɑzətɪv fər pərˈfɔrməns ɛnˈhænsɪŋ drəgz tu wiks əˈgoʊ həz ˈɪʃud ən əˈpɑləˌʤi tɪ ðə ˈsɛkənd ˈbeɪsmən. dæn əv ɪn ˈʃɑrlət frəm hɪz ˈpərsɪnəl əˈkaʊnt ðət ˈmeɪʤər lig ˈbeɪsˈbɔl wɑz goʊɪŋ tɪ əˈnaʊns ðət ˈkɑnoʊ hæd ˈtɛstɪd ˈpɑzətɪv, ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən ðət wɑz kˈwɪkli ʃɑt daʊn maɪ ˈməltəpəl ənd ˈjæŋkiz ˈsɔrsəz. məˈkærən: jæŋks ˈjunəˌvərs bɪˈkəmɪŋ ˈrɑbiz wərld ˈθərzˌdeɪ, ˈɪʃud ən əˈpɑləˌʤi ɔn ðət seɪm tˈwɪtər əˈkaʊnt wɪθ θri ˈsɛpərˌeɪt tweets*. "ɔn aɪ aɪ ɪkˈspɛktɪd tɪ əˈnaʊns ˈtɛstɪd ˈpɑzətɪv fər peds*. ðɪs ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən wɑz fɔls. (cont'd*) "aɪ, @coxmediagroup*, ənd ɔl əˈpɑləˌʤaɪz tɪ ˈmɪstər. #ˈkɑnoʊ, ənd tɪ ðə #ˈjæŋkiz ənd ðɛr fænz. (cont'd*) "aɪ ˈʃʊdənt hæv ˈpoʊstɪd fɔls ˈɪnfoʊ əˈbaʊt #ˈkɑnoʊ, ənd ˈæftərwərd, aɪ ˈʃʊdəv ədˈmɪtəd ɪt wɑz fɔls ənd əˈpɑləˌʤaɪzd raɪt əˈweɪ. aɪ æm ˈvɛri ˈsɑri." ðə ˈsteɪʃən ˈɔlsoʊ ˈɪʃud ən əˈpɑləˌʤi tɪ ˈkɑnoʊ. ɛz pɑrt əv ðə əˈpɑləˌʤi, meɪd ə ˌkɑntrəˈbjuʃən tɪ ðə ˈrɑbənsən ˈkɑnoʊ faʊnˈdeɪʃən. "wɪn ˈʤərnəlɪsts ənd ˈmidiə ˈaʊˌtlɛts ækt ənd ˈnɛglɪʤəntli ənd səbˈmɪt fɔls ˈsteɪtmənts əˈbaʊt ə faɪn ˈpərsən ənd greɪt pleɪər, wɪr ˈhæpi ðət ðə əˈpɑləˌʤi wɑz ˈɪʃud," sɛd skɑt boras*, ˈeɪʤənt.
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the north carolina television reporter who falsely tweeted that robinson cano had tested positive for performance enhancing drugs two weeks ago has issued an apology to the second baseman.
dan tordjman of wsoc-tv in charlotte tweeted from his personal account that major league baseball was going to announce that cano had tested positive, information that was quickly shot down my multiple mlb and yankees sources.
mccarron: yanks universe becoming robby's world
thursday, tordjman issued an apology on that same twitter account with three separate tweets.
"on 9/20 i tweeted i expected #mlb to announce @robinsoncano tested positive for peds. this information was false. (cont'd)
"i, @coxmediagroup, and @wsoc_tv all apologize to mr. #cano, and to the #yankees and their fans. (cont'd)
"i shouldn't have posted false info about #cano, and afterward, i should've admitted it was false and apologized right away. i am very sorry."
the station also issued an on-air apology to cano. as part of the apology, tordjman made a contribution to the robinson cano foundation.
"when journalists and media outlets act unprofessionally and negligently and submit false statements about a fine person and great player, we're happy that the apology was issued," said scott boras, cano's agent.
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ðɪs ˈgeɪmər baɪ ˈribɑk wɑz wɔrn baɪ ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə ˈsizən. ðɪs ˈfɪnɪʃ bɔrn həz 19 jɪrz əv ˈsərvɪs ˈəndər hɪz bɛlt ˈæftər biɪŋ səˈlɛktɪd ˈoʊvərˌɔl ɪn ðə 1986 ˈɛntri dræft. ðə fərst 15 ˈsizənz əv hɪz kərɪr wər spɛnt wɪθ ðə ˈfrænˌʧaɪz. soʊn tɪ ðə raɪt brɛst əv ðɪs ˈgeɪmər ɪz ðə kəˈmɛmərˌeɪtɪŋ ðə rɪˈtaɪərmənt əv pæt ˈʤərzi ˈnəmbər. ðɪs pæʧ wɑz ˈædɪd fər ðə geɪm ðət wɑz pleɪd ɔn mɑrʧ 2006 ðə naɪt ðət ˈbəfəˌloʊ rɪˈtaɪrd ˈnəmbər 16 ðɪs ˈgeɪmər wɑz ˈɔlsoʊ juzd ɛz ə θərd sɛt 2 ˈʤərzi. geɪm juz kənˈsɪsts əv səm stɪk mɑrks, bɔrd bərnz ənd ˈpɪlɪŋ. soʊn tɪ ðə ˌɪnˈsaɪd hɛm ɪz ðə əˈfɪʃəl geɪm wɔrn ˈʤərzi ˈtægɪŋ. ðɪs ˈʤərzi wɪl bi əˈkəmpənid baɪ ən ˈlɛtər.
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this air-knit gamer by reebok was worn by teppo numminen during the 2005-06 nhl season. this finnish born defenseman has 19 years of nhl service under his belt after being selected 29th overall in the 1986 nhl entry draft. the first 15 seasons of his career were spent with the winnipeg/phoenix franchise.
sewn to the right breast of this gamer is the “16” commemorating the retirement of pat lafontaine’s jersey number. this patch was added for the game that was played on march 3rd 2006, the night that buffalo retired patty’s number 16. this gamer was also used as a third set 2 jersey. game use consists of some stick marks, board burns and pilling. sewn to the inside hem is the official nhl game worn jersey tagging. this jersey will be accompanied by an nhl letter.
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ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts həz ˈstɑrtɪd ˈʃɪpɪŋ ən ˈsɪstəm tɪ saʊθ ˌkɔˈriə ˈæftər nɔrθ ˌkɔˈriə ˈtɛstɪd ˈmɪsəlz ˈmənˌdeɪ, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ə nu rɪˈpɔrt. ðə ˈprɛzəns ɪn saʊθ ˌkɔˈriə ɪz ˌkɑntrəˈvərʃəl, ɛz ˈʧaɪnə ˈfɪrsli əˈpoʊzɪz ɪts dɪˈplɔɪmənt ðɛr, ˈɛnˌbiˈsi nuz sɛd ˈmənˌdeɪ. ðə ˈtərmənəl haɪ ˈæltəˌtud ˈɛriə dɪˈfɛns ˈsɪstəm (thadd*) ɪz spəˈsɪfɪkli dɪˈzaɪnd fər θrɛts laɪk nɔrθ ˌkɔˈriə, ənd ðə ˈsɪstəm ɔˈrɛdi həz ˈæktɪv ˈplætˌfɔrmz ɪn gwɑm ənd həˈwaɪˌi ˈfoʊkɪst ɔn θrɛts frəm ˈpjɔŋˈjæŋ. juz. əˈfɪʃəlz toʊld ˈɛnˌbiˈsi ðə elements”*” əv ə ˌɪnstəˈleɪʃən hæv ɔˈrɛdi əraɪvd ɪn saʊθ ˌkɔˈriə, aʊərz ˈæftər ɪts ˈæktɪŋ ˈprɛzɪdənt ənd praɪm ˈmɪnɪstər bɛgd fər ə dɪˈplɔɪmənt ɛz kˈwɪkli ɛz ˈpɑsəbəl ðɛr. praɪm ˈmɪnɪstər hwɑŋ sɛd ðə ˈkɑnsəkˌwɛnsəz əv nɔrθ ˌkɔˈriə pəˈzɛsɪŋ ə ˈnukliər ˈɑrsənəl wʊd bi ənd bɪɔnd imagination.”*.” dɪˈfɛns əˈfɪʃəlz strɛst ðət ɪz ə dɪˈfɛnsɪv system”*” eɪmd æt dɪˈfɛndɪŋ saʊθ ˌkɔˈriə əˈgɛnst nɔrθ ˌkɔˈriən ˈmɪsəlz. ə dɪˈplɔɪmənt ɪn saʊθ ˌkɔˈriə wɑz ɔˈrɛdi ɪn ðə wərks ˌbiˈfɔr nɔrθ ˈleɪtəst ˈmɪsəl tɛst, ðeɪ ˈædɪd, ˈnoʊtɪŋ ðə ˈtaɪmlaɪn fər ðə ˈsɪstəmz ˈprɛzəns ɪn ðə ˈfɔrmər wɑz nɑt ʧeɪnʤd baɪ ðə ˈlætərz ɪkˈspɛrəmənts. ðə juz. ənd saʊθ ˌkɔˈriə fərst əˈnaʊnst ðə dɪˈplɔɪmənt əv ə ˈsɪstəm læst ˌʤuˈlaɪ, ə muv wɪʧ dru kwɪk ˌkɑndəmˈneɪʃən frəm ˈʧaɪnə. ˈmidiə ˈblæstɪd ðə dɪˈsɪʒən, wɪθ wən ˈaʊˌtlɛt, ˈʧaɪnə ˈdeɪli, seɪɪŋ ðə ˈɪnfluəns əv ðə dɪˈplɔɪmənt əv ɪz ˈsɪmələr tɪ ðət əv ðə ˈkjubən ˈmɪsəl ˈkraɪsəs." nɔrθ ˌkɔˈriə tɛst faɪərd fɔr ˈmɪsəlz ˈɪntu ðə si əv ʤəˈpæn ɔn ˈmənˌdeɪ, ə muv sin ɛz ə ˌprɑvəˈkeɪʃən əv ʤəˈpæn ənd saʊθ ˌkɔˈriə. waɪt haʊs prɛs ˈsɛkrəˌtɛri ʃɔn ˈspaɪsər kənˈdɛmd ðə ˈlɔnʧɪz ðət ˌæftərˈnun, ˈɑrgjuɪŋ ðeɪ ər wɪθ nɔrθ lɔŋ ˈhɪstəri əv proʊˈvɑkətɪv behavior.”*.” juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts stændz wɪθ ɑr ˈælaɪz ɪn ðə feɪs əv ðɪs ˈvɛri ˈsɪriəs threat,”*,” hi sɛd ˈdʊrɪŋ hɪz ˈdeɪli ˈbrifɪŋ. trəmp ædˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃən ɪz ˈteɪkɪŋ stɛps tɪ ɛnˈhæns ɑr əˈbɪləˌti tɪ dɪˈfɛnd əˈgɛnst nɔrθ bəˈlɪstɪk missiles,”*,” ˈspaɪsər ˈædɪd, ˈsaɪtɪŋ ðə dɪˈplɔɪmənt ɪn saʊθ ˌkɔˈriə. ˈfɔrmər ˈprɛzɪdənt ˈbɑrək ˌoʊˈbɑmə ˈbɑrək huˈseɪn nɛkst meɪər wɪl bi ə blæk ˈwʊmən ˌoʊˈbɑmə ˈpɔrtrəts brɔt mɔr ðən 1 ˈmɪljən ˈvɪzɪtərz tɪ ˈnæʃənəl ˈpɔrtrət ˈgæləri ɪn fərst jɪr wɪθ loʊ bərθ reɪt, əˈmɛrɪkə nidz fˈjuʧər ˈmaɪgrənts mɔr rɪˈpɔrtədli wɔrnd ˈprɛzɪdənt trəmp ðət nɔrθ ˌkɔˈriə wʊd bi moʊst ˈərʤənt problem”*” ðə ˈlætər ˈfeɪsɪz ɪn ˈɔfəs. nɔrθ ˌkɔˈriə sɛd ɪn sɛpˈtɛmbər ɪt hæd kənˈdəktəd ə ˈnukliər tɛst, ənd ðə rɪˈklusɪv ˈeɪʒən ˈneɪʃən həz ˈɔlsoʊ ˈprɑməst tɪ kriˈeɪt ɪts oʊn ˌɪntərˌkɑntəˈnɛntəl bəˈlɪstɪk ˈmɪsəlz.
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the united states has started shipping an anti-missile system to south korea after north korea tested medium-range missiles monday, according to a new report.
the platform’s presence in south korea is controversial, as china fiercely opposes its deployment there, nbc news said monday.
the terminal high altitude area defense system (thadd) is specifically designed for threats like north korea, and the system already has active platforms in guam and hawaii focused on threats from pyongyang.
u.s. officials told nbc the “first elements” of a thaad installation have already arrived in south korea, hours after its acting president and prime minister begged for a deployment as quickly as possible there.
prime minister hwang kyo-ahn said the consequences of north korea possessing a nuclear arsenal would be “horrible and beyond imagination.”
defense officials stressed that thaad is “strictly a defensive system” aimed at defending south korea against north korean missiles.
a thaad deployment in south korea was already in the works before north korea’s latest missile test, they added, noting the timeline for the system's presence in the former was not changed by the latter's experiments.
the u.s. and south korea first announced the deployment of a thaad system last july, a move which drew quick condemnation from china.
china’s state-run media blasted the decision, with one outlet, china daily, saying the “negative influence of the deployment of thaad ... is similar to that of the cuban missile crisis."
north korea test fired four missiles into the sea of japan on monday, a move seen as a provocation of japan and south korea.
white house press secretary sean spicer condemned the launches that afternoon, arguing they are “consistent with north korea’s long history of provocative behavior.”
“the united states stands with our allies in the face of this very serious threat,” he said during his daily briefing.
“the trump administration is taking steps to enhance our ability to defend against north korea’s ballistic missiles,” spicer added, citing the thaad deployment in south korea.
former president barack obama barack hussein obamachicago's next mayor will be a black woman obama portraits brought more than 1 million visitors to national portrait gallery in first year with low birth rate, america needs future migrants more reportedly warned president trump that north korea would be “the most urgent problem” the latter faces in office.
north korea said in september it had conducted a nuclear test, and the reclusive asian nation has also promised to create its own intercontinental ballistic missiles.
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kloʊz ðə ɔˈstreɪljə haʊs ɪn ˈləndən, ˈɔlsoʊ kɔld ðə haɪ kəˈmɪʃən əv ɔˈstreɪljə, ˈhaʊsɪz ən ˈeɪnʧənt wɛl ˌəndərˈniθ. ˈlæbrəˌtɔri tɛsts hæv ʃoʊd ðət ðə ˈwɔtər ˈteɪkən frəm ðə wɛl ɪz ˈæˌkʧuəli fɪt ɪˈnəf tɪ drɪŋk. ˈhɛri ˈpɑtər fænz wʊd ˈrɛkəgˌnaɪz ðə ɔˈstreɪljə haʊs ɪn ˈləndən ɛz ðə bæŋk. bət ˌɪnˈstɛd əv ˈhaʊzɪŋ ɛnˈʧænɪd ˈaɪtəmz ənd ˈməni ɪn ɪts ˈbeɪsmənts, ðə ɔˈstreɪljə haʊs ˈæˌkʧuəli kənˈsilz ə "ˈhoʊli wɛl" bɪˈloʊ. ðə ˈsoʊˈkɔld "ˈhoʊli wɛl" ɪz ə riˈstrɪktɪd ˈɛriə ðət ɪz ækˈsɛsəbəl θru ə ˈmænˌhoʊl. ɔˈstreɪljən haɪ kəˈmɪʃənər tɪ ˈbrɪtən ˌælɪgˈzændər ˈdaʊnər sɛd ðə wɛl wɑz ˈvɛri ˈkruʃəl ɪn ðə pæst ˈsɛnʧəriz, ˌpɑrˈtɪkjələrli ɪn ðə ˈmɪdəl ˈeɪʤɪz. "ðeɪ wər juzd fər ˌsɛrəˈmoʊniəl ˈpərpəsɪz ənd pleɪz wər pərˈfɔrmd əraʊnd ðə wɛl," sɛd ˈdaʊnər. du tɪ ðə pæst ækˈtɪvɪtiz sərˈaʊndɪŋ ðə wɛl, ðə ˈɛriəz sərˈaʊndɪŋ ɔˈstreɪljə haʊs dɪˈvɛləpt ˈɪntu kəˈmərʃəl ˈspeɪsɪz wɛr ˈθiətərz ər ˈwaɪdˈsprɛd. ðə ɔˈstreɪljə haʊs ɪn ˈləndən wɑz bɪlt ˈdʊrɪŋ wərld wɔr aɪ. sɪns 1918 ɔˈstreɪljə həz bɪn ˈɔpərˌeɪtɪŋ ɪts ˌdɪpləˈmætɪk ˈmɪʃən æt ðə ɔˈstreɪljə haʊs ɪn ˈləndən, wɪʧ ɪz ˌɪnˈkludɪd ɪn ðə ˈkɑmənˌwɛlθ ˈhɛrɪtɪʤ lɪst. ˈlæbrəˌtɔri tɛsts ˈwɔtər ˈsæmpəl frəm ðə ɔˈstreɪljə ˈhaʊsɪz ˈhoʊli wɛl wɑz pʊt tɪ ðə tɛst. ˈsaɪəntɪst ˈrɪʧərd ˈlɔsən frəm ðə ˌsaɪənˈtɪfɪk ˈlæbrəˌtɔri ˈtɛstɪd ðə ˈwɔtər ˈsæmpəl fər perfringens*, enterococci*, i. ˈkoʊli ənd ˈoʊvərˌɔl ˈvaɪəbəl kaʊnt. ðə rɪˈzəlts keɪm bæk ˈnɛgətɪv ənd ˈlɔsən əˈnaʊnst ðə ˈwɔtər wɑz ˈdrɪnkəbəl. kənˈfɛʃənz frəm ə mɪˈdjivəl məŋk ˈdaʊnər sɛd ə mɪˈdjivəl məŋk roʊt əˈbaʊt ðə ˈhoʊli wɛl ənd dɪˈskraɪbd ðə ˈwɔtərz wɪˈθɪn ɛz klɪr, swit ənd ˈhoʊlsəm. əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ˈdaʊnər, ðə ˈwɔtər ɪn ɔˈstreɪljə ˈhaʊsɪz "ˈhoʊli wɛl" hæd kəm frəm ðə ˈrɪvər flit, ˈləndənz ˈbɪgəst səbtərˈeɪniən ˈrɪvərz. ðə ˈrɪvər flit ɪz naʊ ˈkəvərd baɪ roʊdz ənd flit strit ɪn ˈləndən wɑz neɪmd ˈæftər ðə kənˈsild krik. ðə ˈrɪvər flit hæd bɪn ə səbˈstænʃəl ˈbɑdi əv ˈwɔtər ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə ˈroʊmən ənd ˈpɪriədz, bət hæd ˈgɔtən mɔr ənd mɔr pəˈlutɪd ɛz ðə ˈkəntri dɪˈvɛləpt. ˈɛkspərts bɪˈliv ðɛr ər əˈprɑksəmətli 20 wɛlz əˈkrɔs ˈləndən, ənd ɔˈstreɪljə ˈhaʊsɪz ˈhɪdən ˈhoʊli wɛl ɪz ðə moʊst ækˈsɛsəbəl baɪ fɑr. ˈdəŋkən haʊɪt, ən ɔˈstreɪljən ˈpəblɪk ˈsərvənt, dræŋk ə kəp əv ˈwɔtər frəm ðə ˈhoʊli wɛl ˈsɛvən jɪrz əˈgoʊ. haʊɪt wɑz ˈhoʊstɪŋ ə grup frəm ðə kəˈneɪdiən haɪ kəˈmɪʃən. faɪv ˈpipəl, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ haʊɪt, wɛnt daʊn tɪ ðə ˈhoʊli wɛl ənd iʧ dræŋk ðə ˈwɔtər ɛz pɑrt əv ðɛr ˌhɑspəˈtæləti. "ɪt wɑz frɛʃ ənd klɪr. ˈbɛtər ðən tæp ˈwɔtər," sɛd haʊɪt. ˈfoʊˌtoʊ: ˈɛliət braʊn ˈflɪkər 2018 ɔl raɪts rɪˈzərvd. du nɑt ˌriprəˈdus wɪˈθaʊt pərˈmɪʃən.
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the australia house in london, also called the high commission of australia, houses an ancient well underneath. laboratory tests have showed that the water taken from the well is actually fit enough to drink.
harry potter fans would recognize the australia house in london as the gringotts wizarding bank. but instead of housing enchanted items and wizarding money in its basements, the australia house actually conceals a 900-year-old "holy well" below.
the so-called "holy well" is a restricted area that is accessible through a manhole. australian high commissioner to britain alexander downer said the well was very crucial in the past centuries, particularly in the middle ages.
"they were used for ceremonial purposes and plays were performed around the well," said downer. due to the past activities surrounding the well, the areas surrounding australia house developed into commercial spaces where theatres are widespread.
the australia house in london was built during world war i. since 1918, australia has been operating its diplomatic mission at the australia house in london, which is included in the commonwealth heritage list.
laboratory tests
water sample from the australia house's holy well was put to the test. scientist richard lawson from the latis scientific laboratory tested the water sample for clostridium perfringens, enterococci, e. coli and overall viable count. the results came back negative and lawson announced the water was drinkable.
confessions from a medieval monk
downer said a medieval monk wrote about the holy well and described the waters within as clear, sweet and wholesome.
according to downer, the water in australia house's "holy well" had come from the river fleet, london's biggest subterranean rivers. the river fleet is now covered by roads and fleet street in london was named after the concealed creek.
the river fleet had been a substantial body of water during the roman and anglo-saxon periods, but had gotten more and more polluted as the country developed. experts believe there are approximately 20 wells across london, and australia house's hidden holy well is the most accessible by far.
duncan howitt, an australian public servant, drank a cup of water from the holy well seven years ago. howitt was hosting a group from the canadian high commission. five people, including howitt, went down to the holy well and each drank the water as part of their hospitality.
"it was fresh and clear. better than tap water," said howitt.
photo: elliott brown | flickr
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ðə deɪ ˈæftər ˈkleɪmɪŋ ðə ˈdaɪmənd hɛd ˈklæsɪk ˈʧæmpiənˌʃɪp ɪn həˈwaɪˌi ɪn dɪˈsɛmbər 2013 ðə ˈaɪəwə steɪt ˈbæskətˌbɔl tim juzd ˈləgɪʤ ɛz bɛdz ənd ˈpɪloʊz ɪn ə hoʊˈtɛl ˈbɔˌlrum. ðə deɪ ˈæftər ˈkleɪmɪŋ ðə ˈdaɪmənd hɛd ˈklæsɪk ˈʧæmpiənˌʃɪp ɪn həˈwaɪˌi ɪn dɪˈsɛmbər 2013 ðə ˈaɪəwə steɪt ˈbæskətˌbɔl tim juzd ˈləgɪʤ ɛz bɛdz ənd ˈpɪloʊz ɪn ə hoʊˈtɛl ˈbɔˌlrum. ðə sɪˈkloʊnz, ɔn ðɛr weɪ tɪ ðə bɛst stɑrt ɪn skul ˈhɪstəri, wɛnt wɪˈθaʊt hoʊˈtɛl rumz ɪn ˈɔrdər tɪ seɪv ˈɪˌsu frəm peɪɪŋ ən ˈɛkstrə reɪt ɛz ðeɪ ˈweɪtɪd aʊərz fər ðɛr rɪˈtərn flaɪts tɪ ˈaɪəwə, ˈsɔrsəz wɪθ dɪˈrɛkt ˈnɑlɪʤ əv ðə ˌsɪʧuˈeɪʃən toʊld ðə eɪmz ˈtrɪbjun. wɑz bʊʃ league,�*,� wən sɔrs sɛd. wɑz ə move.�*.� ɪt wɑz wən ɪgˈzæmpəl əv wət ˈməltəpəl ˈsɔrsəz dɪˈskraɪbd ɛz ə ˈpætərn əv ənd diming�*� əv ðə ˈbæskətˌbɔl ˈproʊˌgræm baɪ ðə ˈɪˌsu æθˈlɛtɪk dɪˈpɑrtmənt ənd æθˈlɛtɪk dɪˈrɛktər ˈʤeɪmi ˈpɑlərd ɪn ðə ˈfaɪnəl jɪrz ˌbiˈfɔr frɛd lɛft tɪ koʊʧ ðə ʃəˈkɑˌgoʊ bʊlz ɪn ʤun. ˈʤeɪmi wʊd hæv ˈhændəld θɪŋz differently,�*,� əˈnəðər sɔrs toʊld ðə eɪmz ˈtrɪbjun, nɑt soʊ ʃʊr frɛd wʊd hæv left.�*.� ˈwɛðər ˈɛniˌwən ər ˈɛniˌθɪŋ æt ˈɪˌsu kʊd hæv ˈəltəmətli pərsˈweɪdɪd, ə ˈfɔrmər ˈɛnˌbiˈeɪ pleɪər ənd ɪgˈzɛkjətɪv, tɪ tərn daʊn ðə ˌɑpərˈtunəti tɪ koʊʧ ə prəˈfɛʃənəl ˈrɑstər fər 25 ˈmɪljən ɪz ˈlaɪkli ə kˈwɛʃən wɪˈθaʊt ən ˈænsər. bət wɪn ˈnævəˌgeɪtɪŋ ðə big-money*, wərld əv bɪg 12 ˈbæskətˌbɔl, pərˈsɛpʃən wɪˈθɪn ə ˈproʊˌgræm ˈmætərz, ənd ðoʊz wɪθ dɪˈrɛkt ˈnɑlɪʤ əv ðə ˌsɪʧuˈeɪʃən hu spoʊk tɪ ðə eɪmz ˈtrɪbjun ɔl sɛd ðə ˈmænɪʤmənt əv ðə ˈbæskətˌbɔl ˈproʊˌgræm bɪˈkeɪm ˌprɑbləˈmætɪk tɪ ðoʊz ˌɪnˈsaɪd ɪt. ɛz ðə wɪnz, skul ˈrɛkərdz, ˈkɑnfərəns ˈtʊrnəmənt ˈʧæmpiənˌʃɪps, ðə swit 16 bərθ ənd ˈnæʃənəl pəˈblɪsɪti dɪˈsɛndɪd ɔn ˈɪˌsu ˈoʊvər ðə læst tu jɪrz, soʊ dɪd ðə dɪˈskəmfərt, ˌɪrɪˈteɪʃən ənd əˈnɔɪəns bɪtˈwin ðə ˈproʊˌgræm ənd ˈɪˌsu æθˈlɛtɪk ædˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃən, ˈsɔrsəz sɛd. ɪn ðə taɪm ˈlidɪŋ əp tɪ ənd ˈæftər dɪˈpɑrʧər, ðoʊz wɪθ ˈnɑlɪʤ əv ðə ˈɪnər ˈwərkɪŋz əv ðə ˈɪˌsu ˈproʊˌgræm ɪkˈsprɛst ə ˈfilɪŋ əv biɪŋ fər winning�*� ənd ə læk əv səˈpɔrt frəm ˈpɑlərd ənd ðə æθˈlɛtɪk dɪˈpɑrtmənt ɛz ðeɪ əˈtɛmptəd tɪ bɪld ɔn ðə moʊst səkˈsɛsfəl rən ɪn ˈproʊˌgræm ˈhɪstəri. ðə eɪmz ˈtrɪbjun ˈɪntərvˌjud ˈnɪrli ˈsɔrsəz, hu spoʊk ɔn ðə kənˈdɪʃən əv ˌænəˈnɪmɪti du tɪ ðə ˌsɛnsɪˈtɪvɪti əv ðə ˈsəbʤɪkt ənd ðə smɔl kəmˈjunɪti ðət meɪks əp ˈkɑlɪʤ ˈbæskətˌbɔl ənd æθˈlɛtɪk ædˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃən, fər ðɪs ˈstɔri. ˈpɑlərd, θru ə ˈspoʊkspərsən, dɪˈklaɪnd ˈməltəpəl ˈɔfərz baɪ ðə eɪmz ˈtrɪbjun tɪ ˈkɑmɛnt. dɪd nɑt rɪˈspɑnd tɪ ˈməltəpəl rɪkˈwɛsts fər ˈkɑmɛnt. ðə ˈɪʃu moʊst kənˈsɪstəntli reɪzd baɪ ˈsɔrsəz wɑz ðə ˌfaɪˈnænʃəl kənˈstreɪnts pleɪst ɔn ðə ˈproʊˌgræm. ˈnɪrli ˈɛvəri sɔrs hu spoʊk tɪ ðə eɪmz ˈtrɪbjun juzd ðə freɪz ənd dimed�*� tɪ dɪˈskraɪb haʊ ðə ˈɪˌsu ˈproʊˌgræm wɑz ˈtritɪd ˈdʊrɪŋ ɪts rən tɪ ə fɔr kənˈsɛkjətɪv ˈtərnəmənts ənd bɪg 12 ˈtʊrnəmənt ˈʧæmpiənˌʃɪps. ˈɪˌsu ræŋkt ɪn ðə ˈbɑtəm hæf əv ðə bɪg 12 ɪn ˈbæskətˌbɔl ˈspɛndɪŋ æt əˈbaʊt ˈmɪljən ɪn ðə ˈfɪskəl jɪr 2014 əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ˈpəblɪk ˈrɛkərdz əbˈteɪnd baɪ ðə eɪmz ˈtrɪbjun. məʧ əv ðə ˈfrɪkʃən ɪz bɪˈlivd tɪ stɛm frəm ðə læst əv ˈkɑnˌtrækt ˈæftər ðə sɪˈkloʊnz riʧt ðə swit 16 ɪn 2014 əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ˈməltəpəl ˈsɔrsəz. saɪnd ə, ˈkɑnˌtrækt ˈæftər goʊɪŋ tɪ ə ˈtʊrnəmənt waɪl ˈɔlsoʊ biɪŋ ˈkɔrtɪd baɪ ðə ˌjunəˈvərsəti əv ˌmɪnɪˈsoʊtə ɪn 2013 ˈæftər ðət swit 16 əˈpɪrəns ɪn 2014 hi kəˈmændɪd ə reɪz əv pər jɪr ðət ðoʊz wɪθ ˈnɑlɪʤ əv ðə nɪˌgoʊʃiˈeɪʃənz bɪˈliv ˈpɑlərd wɑz rɪˈləktənt tɪ əˈwɔrd. �(�(pollard*) wɔnt tɪ gɪv ɪt tɪ him,�*,� wən sɔrs ˈsteɪtɪd. ðoʊz ɪn ðə ˈproʊˌgræm ˈɔlsoʊ ˈbrɪsəld æt haʊ ˈkɑnˌtrækt wɑz pərˈzɛnəd ənd dɪˈskəst ɪn ˈpəblɪk baɪ ædˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃən, ˈsɔrsəz sɛd. ɪn ɪts prɛs riˈlis əˈnaʊnsɪŋ ðə reɪz, ˈɪˌsu dɪˈklɛrd nu tərmz wʊd ɪm nɪr ðə peɪd ˈkoʊʧɪz nationally,�*,� ˈsaɪtɪŋ ən ˈævərɪʤ ˌkɑmpənˈseɪʃən wərθ ˈmɪljən ˈoʊvər ðə laɪf əv ðə ˈkɑnˌtrækt. ðoʊz tərmz wər kənˈsɪstəntli ˈpəblɪˌsaɪzd baɪ ˈɪˌsu ædˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃən ɪn ðə læst jɪr. ðə dil, ðoʊ, ˌɪnˈkludɪd ə pər jɪr ˌɛskəˈleɪʃən, ˈminɪŋ meɪd ˈmɪljən ɪn ənd riʧ ənˈtɪl ɪn ən ˈɪrə əv ɪkˈsploʊdɪŋ ˈkoʊʧɪŋ ˈsæləriz, ˈmɪljən ˈivɪn kræk ðə ˈkoʊʧɪz ɪn ðə 2015 ˈtʊrnəmənt, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ˈjuˈɛˈseɪ ˈsæləri ˈdætəˌbeɪs. ˌkɑmpənˈseɪʃən ɪn hɪz ˈfaɪnəl ˈsizən æt ˈɪˌsu ræŋkt ˈsɛvənθ ɪn ðə bɪg 12 əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ˈpəblɪʃt rɪˈpɔrts. wər ˈɔlˌweɪz seɪɪŋ hi wɑz ə peɪd koʊʧ ənd wɑz ˈmeɪkɪŋ million,�*,� sɛd wən sɔrs, frɛd ˈmeɪkɪŋ ˈmɪljən, ənd baɪ ðə taɪm hi wʊd bi, ɪt bi ˈɛniˌwɛr nɪr ðə bɪɔnd haʊ ðə tərmz wər pərˈzɛnəd ˈpəblɪkli, ðoʊz wɪˈθɪn ðə ˈbæskətˌbɔl ˈproʊˌgræm fɛlt ɛz ðoʊ ˈkɑnˌtrækt wɑz ˈɔfən pɔrˈtreɪd ɛz ə ˈhɪndrəns tɪ ðə æθˈlɛtɪk dɪˈpɑrtmənt. æt ə ˈmitɪŋ ˈərli ɪn ðə skul jɪr, ˈpɑlərd ˈsaɪtɪd ˈraɪzɪŋ ˈkoʊʧɪŋ ˈsæləriz ɛz ən ˈɪʃu fər ðə æθˈlɛtɪk dɪˈpɑrtmənt, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ˈsɔrsəz. waɪl hi ˈmɛnʃən baɪ neɪm, ˈməltəpəl ˈpipəl ɪn ðə rum fɛlt ðə ˈkɑmɛnts eɪmd dɪˈrɛkli æt fred,�*,� wən sɔrs sɛd. ˈpɑlərd ˈɔlsoʊ ˈpəblɪkli ˈmɛnʃənd ɔn ˈməltəpəl ɔˈkeɪʒənz ðət ˈsæləri kʊd pəˈtɛnʃəli lɛd tɪ ˈɪˌsu ˈpæsɪŋ ðət kɔst ɔn tɪ fænz θru ˈtɪkɪt praɪs ənd ˌɪnˈkrisɪz. ɪz əˈkjutli əˈtund tɪ ənd əˈwɛr əv hɪz pərˈsɛpʃən wɪˈθɪn ðə sɪˈkloʊn ˈæftər groʊɪŋ əp ɪn eɪmz ənd bɪˈkəmɪŋ wən əv ðə moʊst ˈpɑpjələr pleɪərz ɪn ˈproʊˌgræm ˈhɪstəri, ənd ɛz səʧ, biɪŋ pɛgd ɛz ðə ˈrizən fər praɪs ˌɪnˈkrisɪz kənˈsərnd ɪm, ˈsɔrsəz sɛd. θruaʊt ˈtɛnjər, hi ənd ˈpɑlərd meɪnˈteɪnd ə ˈkɔrʤəl, prəˈfɛʃənəl ənd ˈfəŋkʃənəl, ðoʊ nɑt kloʊz, ˈwərkɪŋ riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪp, ˈməltəpəl ˈsɔrsəz sɛd. ðɛr ər ðoʊz, ˌhaʊˈɛvər, hu bɪˈlivd ˈpɑlərd ˈtrəbəld tɪ si, hɪz ˈkɑnˌtrækt ənd ˌɪˈmɛns ˌpɑpjəˈlɛrəti muv ɔn tɪ ðə ˈɛnˌbiˈeɪ. θɪŋk ˈʤeɪmi wɑz sæd æt ɔl tɪ si frɛd go,�*,� ə sɔrs sɛd. θɪŋk ðɛr wɑz səm ˈʤɛləsi there.�*.� ˈriʤənəl ˈtɛləˌvɪʒən, wɪʧ oʊnz ðə ˈdaɪmənd hɛd ˈklæsɪk, hæd prəˈvaɪdɪd ˈɪˌsu wɪθ 14 ˈrɛgjələr rumz ənd wən swit fər faɪv naɪts ənd ə ˈtrævəl ˈstaɪpənd tɪ əˈtɛnd ðə ɪˈvɛnt, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ðə ˈtʊrnəmənt ˈkɑnˌtrækt əbˈteɪnd θru ən ˈoʊpən ˈrɛkərdz rɪkˈwɛst. ðə ˈmɔrnɪŋ ˈæftər ˈwɪnɪŋ ðə ˈtʊrnəmənt, ˈɪˌsu ædˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃən toʊld ðə sɪˈkloʊnz tɪ ʧɛk aʊt əv ðɛr hoʊˈtɛl rumz tɪ seɪv ə ˈʧɑrʤɪz ˈivɪn ðoʊ ðeɪ dɪˈpɑrt fər aʊərz, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ˈsɔrsəz. wɑz ən ˌɪnˈkrɛdəbli ʧip move,�*,� ə sɔrs sɛd. ˈmɛni pleɪərz ənd stæf spɛnt ðɛr ˈdaʊnˌtaɪm ɪn ə ˈbɔˌlrum fɪld wɪθ ˈləgɪʤ, ˈbɑdiz ənd ˈivɪn ðə ˌsɛrəˈmoʊniəl ˈpædəlz ðət wər əˈwɔrdɪd tɪ pleɪərz ɛz ˈtroʊfiz. hæd tɪ stɛp ˈoʊvər ˈpipəl ɪn there,�*,� əˈnəðər sɔrs sɛd. ðə ˈɪʃuz roʊz tɪ ə ˈvərbəl ˌkɑnfrənˈteɪʃən ɪn ðə hoʊm əˈhɛd əv ðə 2014 ˈtʊrnəmənt. ˈfɑloʊɪŋ ðə ˈtʊrnəmənt səˈlɛkʃən ʃoʊ, əˈsɪstənt ənd ˈkɑrənt ˈsəðərn mɪs hɛd koʊʧ dɑk ˈsædlər kənˈfrəntɪd ˈpɑlərd ənd əˈsoʊʃiˌeɪt æθˈlɛtɪk dɪˈrɛktər ˈdeɪvɪd ˈhɛrɪs əˈbaʊt ðə ˈpɑləsi əv ˈʧɑrʤɪŋ ðə ˈɪˌsu ˈfæməliz fər ˌtrænspərˈteɪʃən tɪ sæn ænˈtoʊnioʊ, saɪt, ˈsɔrsəz sɛd. ˈsædlər sɛd hi kʊd nɑt ˈriˌkɔl səʧ ən ˈɪnstəns bət ˈɔlsoʊ kʊd nɑt dɪˈnaɪ ðət ɪt əˈkərd. hi dɪˈklaɪnd ˈfərðər ˈkɑmɛnt fər ðɪs ˈstɔri. ðə ˈkəvərz ðə kɔst əv ˈtʊrnəmənt ˈtrævəl fər əp tɪ 75 ˈpipəl ɪn ðə əˈfɪʃəl ˈtrævəlɪŋ ˈpɑrti. ðɛr ɪz ə kɔst əˈsɛst tɪ ˌjunəˈvərsətiz fər ˈʧɑrtər pleɪn ˈtrævəl fər əˈdɪʃənəl ˈpæsənʤərz. ˌjunəˈvərsətiz ər əˈlaʊd tɪ dɪˈtərmən ɪf ɪt wɪl ˈkəvər ðoʊz kɔsts ər ʧɑrʤ ðə ˌɪndəˈvɪʤəwəlz, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ˈɪˌsu ˈsinjər əˈsoʊʃiˌeɪt æθˈlɛtɪk dɪˈrɛktər ˈʤuli braɪt. twɛlv ˈfæməli ˈmɛmbərz əv ðə ˈbæskətˌbɔl stæf wər tɪ bi ʧɑrʤd fər ˈtrævəlɪŋ tɪ sæn ænˈtoʊnioʊ wɪθ ðə tim waɪl 12 ˈmɛmbərz əv ˈməltəpəl æθˈlɛtɪk administrators�*� ˈfæməliz wər tɪ bi peɪd fər baɪ ˈɪˌsu, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ə ˈdɑkjəmɛnt əbˈteɪnd θru ən ˈoʊpən ˈrɛkərdz rɪkˈwɛsts. ðə riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪp bɪtˈwin ðə ˈbæskətˌbɔl ˈproʊˌgræm ənd æθˈlɛtɪk ædˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃən ˌɪmˈpæktɪd baɪ ˈhitɪd ər ˈklæʃɪz ˈoʊvər ˌfəndəˈmɛnəl ˈɪʃuz, bət wɑz streɪnd baɪ ˈfrikˌwɛnt dɪsəˈgrimənt. sˈmɔlər ˈɪʃuz ðət kənˈtɪnjuəli krɑpt əp ˈgreɪtɪd ɔn ðə ˈproʊˌgræm, ˈsɔrsəz sɛd. wən ˈɪʃu wɑz ə ʧeɪnʤ rikˈwaɪərɪŋ əˈsɪstənt ˈkoʊʧɪz tɪ peɪ fər hoʊm geɪm ˈtɪkɪts ɪn wɪʧ wər ˈpriviəsli prəˈvaɪdɪd fri əv ʧɑrʤ. ðə æθˈlɛtɪk dɪˈpɑrtmənt ˌɪnˈsɪnjueɪtɪd ɪt wʊd laɪk tɪ si ðə ˈtrænsfər ˈmɑdəl, wɪʧ ənd səˈsteɪnd səkˈsɛs baɪ ˈbrɪŋɪŋ ɪn pleɪərz səʧ ɛz rɔɪs waɪt, wɪl ˈklɪbərn ənd keɪn, kərˈteɪld, ˈsɔrsəz sɛd. ðə ˈɪˌsu æθˈlɛtɪk dɪˈpɑrtmənt həz ˌɛnˈʤɔɪd ˌɪˈmɛns ˌfaɪˈnænʃəl ənd ˈfɪzɪkəl groʊθ ˈdʊrɪŋ ˈtɛnjər. ˈɪˌsu həz ˌɪnˈvɛstɪd 160 ˈmɪljən ɪn fəˈsɪlɪti ˈəpˌgreɪdz, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ðə ˈsukəp ˈbæskətˌbɔl ˈkɑmplɛks. ðə æθˈlɛtɪk ˈbəʤɪt həz groʊn frəm ˈəndər 30 ˈmɪljən ɪn fərst jɪr tɪ 62 ˈmɪljən læst jɪr. ˈpɑlərd meɪd ən ˌɪnˈspaɪərd haɪər ɪn 2010 wɪn hi brɔt ɔn, hu æt ðə taɪm hæd noʊ ˈkoʊʧɪŋ ɪkˈspɪriəns. əˈkjumjəˌleɪtɪd 115 wɪnz, ðə moʊst ˈoʊvər ə ˈfaɪvˌjɪr ˈpɪriəd ɪn ˈproʊˌgræm ˈhɪstəri, ənd lɛft ə ˈlaɪkli ˌpriˈsizən tim fər dɪd hɪz ʤɑb wɪn hi haɪərd fred,�*,� wən sɔrs sɛd, ˌəndərˈstænd hɪz ʤɑb ðɛn bɪˈkeɪm tɪ kip him.�*.�
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the day after claiming the diamond head classic championship in hawaii in december 2013, the iowa state men’s basketball team used luggage as beds and pillows in a hotel ballroom.
the day after claiming the diamond head classic championship in hawaii in december 2013, the iowa state men�s basketball team used luggage as beds and pillows in a hotel ballroom.
the cyclones, on their way to the best start in school history, went without hotel rooms in order to save isu from paying an extra night�s rate as they waited hours for their return flights to iowa, sources with direct knowledge of the situation told the ames tribune.
�it was bush league,� one source said. �it was a mid-major move.�
it was one example of what multiple sources described as a pattern of �nickel and diming� of the men�s basketball program by the isu athletic department and athletic director jamie pollard in the final years before fred hoiberg left to coach the chicago bulls in june.
�if jamie would have handled things differently,� another source told the ames tribune, �i�m not so sure fred would have left.�
whether anyone or anything at isu could have ultimately persuaded hoiberg, a former nba player and executive, to turn down the opportunity to coach a championship-caliber professional roster for $25 million is likely a question without an answer.
but when navigating the big-money, high-stakes world of big 12 basketball, perception within a program matters, and those with direct knowledge of the situation who spoke to the ames tribune all said the management of the basketball program became problematic to those inside it.
as the wins, school records, conference tournament championships, the sweet 16 berth and national publicity descended on isu over the last two years, so did the discomfort, irritation and annoyance between the program and isu athletic administration, sources said.
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in the time leading up to and after hoiberg�s departure, those with knowledge of the inner workings of the isu program expressed a feeling of being �punished for winning� and a lack of support from pollard and the athletic department as they attempted to build on the most successful run in program history.
the ames tribune interviewed nearly double-digit sources, who spoke on the condition of anonymity due to the sensitivity of the subject and the small community that makes up college basketball and athletic administration, for this story.
pollard, through a spokesperson, declined multiple offers by the ames tribune to comment. hoiberg did not respond to multiple requests for comment.
the issue most consistently raised by sources was the financial constraints placed on the program. nearly every source who spoke to the ames tribune used the phrase �nickel and dimed� to describe how the isu program was treated during its run to a school-record four consecutive ncaa tournaments and back-to-back big 12 tournament championships.
isu ranked in the bottom half of the big 12 in men�s basketball spending at about $5.7 million in the fiscal year 2014, according to public records obtained by the ames tribune.
much of the friction is believed to stem from the last re-negotiation of hoiberg�s contract after the cyclones reached the ncaa tournament�s sweet 16 in 2014, according to multiple sources.
hoiberg signed a 10-year, $20-million contract after going to a second-straight ncaa tournament while also being courted by the university of minnesota in 2013. after that sweet 16 appearance in 2014, he commanded a raise of $600,000 per year that those with knowledge of the negotiations believe pollard was reluctant to award hoiberg.
�(pollard) didn�t want to give it to him,� one source stated.
those in the program also bristled at how hoiberg�s contract was presented and discussed in public by administration, sources said. in its press release announcing the raise, isu declared hoiberg�s new terms would �rank him near the top-10 paid coaches nationally,� citing an average compensation worth $2.6 million over the life of the contract. those terms were consistently publicized by isu administration in the last year.
the deal, though, included a $100,000 per year escalation, meaning hoiberg made $2.2 million in 2014-15 and wouldn�t reach $2.6 until 2018-19. in an era of exploding coaching salaries, $2.6 million wouldn�t even crack the top-15 highest-paid coaches in the 2015 ncaa tournament, according to usa today�s salary database.
hoiberg�s compensation in his final season at isu ranked seventh in the big 12, according to published reports.
�they were always saying he was a top-10 paid coach and was making $2.6 million,� said one source, �but fred wasn�t making $2.6 million, and by the time he would be, it wouldn�t be anywhere near the top-10.�
beyond how the terms were presented publicly, those within the basketball program felt as though hoiberg�s contract was often portrayed as a hindrance to the athletic department.
at a department-wide meeting early in the 2014-15 school year, pollard cited rising coaching salaries as an issue for the athletic department, according to sources. while he didn�t mention hoiberg by name, multiple people in the room felt the comments �were aimed directly at fred,� one source said.
pollard also publicly mentioned on multiple occasions that hoiberg�s salary could potentially lead to isu passing that cost on to fans through ticket price and donation-level increases. hoiberg is acutely attuned to and aware of his perception within the cyclone fanbase after growing up in ames and becoming one of the most popular players in program history, and as such, being pegged as the reason for price increases concerned him, sources said.
throughout hoiberg�s tenure, he and pollard maintained a cordial, professional and functional, though not close, working relationship, multiple sources said. there are those, however, who believed pollard wasn�t troubled to see hoiberg, his contract and immense popularity move on to the nba.
�i don�t think jamie was sad at all to see fred go,� a source said. �i think there was some jealousy there.�
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espn regional television, which owns the diamond head classic, had provided isu with 14 regular rooms and one suite for five nights and a $20,000 travel stipend to attend the event, according to the tournament contract obtained through an open records request.
the morning after winning the tournament, isu administration told the cyclones to check out of their hotel rooms to save a night�s charges even though they wouldn�t depart for hours, according to sources.
�it was an incredibly cheap move,� a source said.
many players and staff spent their downtime in a ballroom filled with luggage, bodies and even the ceremonial paddles that were awarded to players as all-tournament trophies.
�you had to step over people in there,� another source said.
the issues rose to a verbal confrontation in the hoiberg home ahead of the 2014 ncaa tournament. following the tournament selection show, then-isu assistant and current southern miss head coach doc sadler confronted pollard and associate athletic director david harris about the university�s policy of charging the isu staff�s families for transportation to san antonio, isu�s opening-round site, sources said.
sadler said he could not recall such an instance but also could not deny that it occurred. he declined further comment for this story.
the ncaa covers the cost of tournament travel for up to 75 people in the official traveling party. there is a per-seat cost assessed to universities for charter plane travel for additional passengers. universities are allowed to determine if it will cover those costs or charge the individuals, according to isu senior associate athletic director julie bright.
twelve family members of the men�s basketball staff were to be charged for traveling to san antonio with the team while 12 members of multiple athletic administrators� families were to be paid for by isu, according to a document obtained through an open records requests.
� � �
the relationship between the basketball program and athletic administration wasn�t impacted by heated blowups or clashes over fundamental issues, but was strained by frequent disagreement. smaller issues that continually cropped up grated on the program, sources said.
one issue was a change requiring assistant coaches to pay for home game tickets in 2014-15, which were previously provided free of charge. the athletic department insinuated it would like to see the transfer model, which jump-started and sustained isu�s success by bringing in players such as royce white, will clyburn and deandre kane, curtailed, sources said.
the isu athletic department has enjoyed immense financial and physical growth during pollard�s 10-year tenure. isu has invested $160 million in facility upgrades, including the sukup basketball complex. the athletic department�s budget has grown from under $30 million in pollard�s first year to $62 million last year.
pollard made an inspired hire in 2010 when he brought on hoiberg, who at the time had no coaching experience. hoiberg accumulated 115 wins, the most over a five-year period in program history, and left a likely preseason top-10 team for 2015-16.
�jamie did his job when he hired fred,� one source said, �but didn�t understand his job then became to keep him.�
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news-service.com*, wən əv ðə ˈlidɪŋ ˈjuzˌnɛt prəˈvaɪdərz wɪθ ˈmɛni ˈprɑmənənt riˈsɛlərz, həz ˈtərməˌneɪtɪd ɪts ˈsərvɪsɪz wɪθ ˌɪˈmiˌdiət ˈifɛkt. ðə ˈʃətˌdaʊn ɪz ðə dɪˈrɛkt ənd ˌənəˈvɔɪdəbəl ˈaʊtˌkəm əv ə ˈbætəl wɪθ dəʧ ˈaʊtˌfɪt, wɪʧ wɑz ɪˈvɛnʧəwəli ˌdɪˈsaɪdɪd əˈgɛnst ðə ˈjuzˌnɛt prəˈvaɪdər. əˈnaʊnst ðət ɪt wɪl əˈpil ðə dɪˈsɪʒən "aʊt əv ˈprɪnsəpəl" ɛz ɪt θˈrɛtənz ðə ɪnˈtaɪər ˈjuzˌnɛt kəmˈjunɪti. tu jɪrz əˈgoʊ, ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnɪŋ ðə ˈmuvi ənd mˈjuzɪk ˈɪndəstriz, tʊk (nse*) tɪ kɔrt. ˌɔlˈðoʊ ðə neɪm maɪt nɑt rɪŋ ə bɛl wɪθ ˈmɛni ˈpipəl, ɪt ɪz ðə ˈlɑrʤəst ˈjuzˌnɛt prəˈvaɪdər ɪn ˈjʊrəp ənd həz ˈmɛni ˌhaɪˈproʊfaɪl riˈsɛlərz səʧ ɛz usenext*. θru ðə kɔrt dɪˈmændɪd ðət ðə dɪˈlit ɔl ˌɪnˈfrɪnʤɪŋ ˈkɑntɛnt frəm ɪts ˈsərvərz, ənd sɪks wiks əˈgoʊ ðə kɔrt əv ˈæmstərˌdæm ˈsaɪdɪd wɪθ ðə ˈkɑpiˌraɪt ˈhoʊldərz. ɪn ən əˈtɛmpt tɪ kip ðɛr ˈsərvɪs ˌɑpərˈeɪʃənəl, æst ðə kɔrt tɪ pʊt ðə ˌɛksəˈkjuʃən əv ðə ˈvərdɪkt ɔn hoʊld waɪl ðə ˈjuzˌnɛt prəˈvaɪdər əˈpild ɪts keɪs, bət ðɪs wik ðət rɪkˈwɛst wɑz dɪˈnaɪd. ɛz ə rɪˈzəlt wɑz fɔrst tɪ ʃət daʊn ɪts ˈsərvɪsɪz. minz ðət wi ər fɔrst tɪ sis ɑr ˌɑpərˈeɪʃənz wɪθ ˌɪˈmiˌdiət effect,”*,” sɛd ɪn ə ˈsteɪtmənt. dɪˈspaɪt ðə ˈsɛtˌbæk ðə ˈjuzˌnɛt prəˈvaɪdər wɪl pərˈsɪst wɪθ ɪts əˈpil, nɑt list bɪˈkəz ðə ˈlændˌmɑrk ˈvərdɪkt kʊd hæv dɪˈzæstrəs ˈkɑnsəkˌwɛnsəz fər ˈəðər ˈjuzˌnɛt prəˈvaɪdərz. ˈrizənz əv ˈprɪnsəpəl, wɪl nɑt əkˈsɛpt ðə ˈvərdɪkt ənd həz lɑʤd ən appeal,”*,” əˈnaʊnst. ðə ˈvərdɪkt əv ðə ˈæmstərˌdæm kɔrt ɪz ˈvɛri ˈsɪmələr tɪ ðə wən ðət ˈdɛsəˌmeɪtɪd saɪt tu jɪrz əˈgoʊ. ɪt rikˈwaɪərz tɪ ˈfaɪndɪŋ ə weɪ tɪ aɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪ ənd dɪˈlit ɔl ˈkɑpiˌraɪtɪd faɪlz frəm ɪts ˈsərvərz, wɪʧ ɪz ˈpræktɪkəli ˌɪmˈpɑsəbəl. əˈsaɪd frəm θˈrɛtənɪŋ ˈmɛni ˈəðər ˈjuzˌnɛt prəˈvaɪdərz, ə ˈsɪmələr ˈʤəʤmənt wʊd ˈɔlsoʊ min ðə ɛnd əv saɪts səʧ ɛz megaupload*, ənd ˈəðər klaʊd ˈstɔrɪʤ ˈsərvɪsɪz ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ dropbox*. ɔl ðiz ˈsərvɪsɪz riˈmuv ˈkɑpiˌraɪtɪd faɪlz wɪn ðeɪ ər æst tɪ, bət pəˈlisɪŋ ðɛr oʊn ˈsərvərz ˌproʊˈæktɪvˌli meɪ pruv tɪ bi ˌɪmˈpɑsəbəl. ɪz ˌnɛvərðəˈlɛs dɪˈlaɪtɪd wɪθ ðə ˈvərdɪkt əv ðə kɔrt. ɪz ə ˈbreɪkθˌru stɛp tɪ ˈfərðər dɪsˈmænəl ðə əˌveɪləˈbɪlɪti əv ˌɪˈligəl ˈkɑntɛnt ɔn usenet,”*,” dɪˈrɛktər tɪm sɛd ˈpriviəsli. ɪt bi ə səˈpraɪz ɪf naʊ weɪvz ðɪs ˈvərdɪkt ɪn ðə feɪs əv ˈəðər ˈjuzˌnɛt prəˈvaɪdərz, ɪn ðə hoʊp əv ˈʃətɪŋ ðɛm daʊn. ˈjuzɪŋ ðɪs seɪm ˈtæktɪk həz ɔˈrɛdi ˈmænɪʤd tɪ pʊl ˈhənərdz əv (smɔl) ˈtɔrənt saɪts ˈɔˌflaɪn ɪn ðə ˈnɛðərləndz. ˈkɑnˌtæktɪd tɪ æsk wət ðə dɪˈsɪʒən minz fər ðɛr riˈsɛlərz ənd ˈwɛðər ðeɪ hæv plænz tɪ abroad”*” ɪn səm ʃeɪp ər fɔrm. wi wɪl ˈəpˌdeɪt ðɪs ˈɑrtɪkəl wɪn ə rɪˈspɑns kəmz ɪn.
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news-service.com, one of the leading usenet providers with many prominent resellers, has terminated its services with immediate effect. the shutdown is the direct and unavoidable outcome of a two-year battle with dutch anti-piracy outfit brein, which was eventually decided against the usenet provider. news-service announced that it will appeal the decision "out of principle" as it threatens the entire 30-year-old usenet community.
two years ago brein, representing the movie and music industries, took news-service.com (nse) to court.
although the name nse might not ring a bell with many people, it is the largest usenet provider in europe and has many high-profile resellers such as usenext.
through the court brein demanded that the nse delete all infringing content from its servers, and six weeks ago the court of amsterdam sided with the copyright holders.
in an attempt to keep their service operational, nse asked the court to put the execution of the verdict on hold while the usenet provider appealed its case, but this week that request was denied. as a result nse was forced to shut down its services.
“this means that we are forced to cease our operations with immediate effect,” nse said in a statement.
despite the setback the usenet provider will persist with its appeal, not least because the landmark verdict could have disastrous consequences for other usenet providers.
“for reasons of principle, news-service.com will not accept the verdict and has lodged an appeal,” nse announced.
the verdict of the amsterdam court is very similar to the one that decimated bittorrent site mininova two years ago. it requires nse to finding a way to identify and delete all copyrighted files from its servers, which is practically impossible.
aside from threatening many other usenet providers, a similar judgement would also mean the end of file-hosting sites such as megaupload, and other cloud storage services including dropbox. all these services remove copyrighted files when they are asked to, but policing their own servers proactively may prove to be impossible.
brein is nevertheless delighted with the verdict of the court. “it is a breakthrough step to further dismantle the availability of illegal content on usenet,” director tim kuik said previously.
it wouldn’t be a surprise if brein now waves this verdict in the face of other usenet providers, in the hope of shutting them down. using this same tactic brein has already managed to pull hundreds of (small) torrent sites offline in the netherlands.
torrentfreak contacted nse to ask what the decision means for their resellers and whether they have plans to “go abroad” in some shape or form. we will update this article when a response comes in.
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ˈpɛri ˌɪnˈsɪstɪd hi dɪd nɑt si ɪt, ənd ðət ˈniðər ðə ˈvɪktɪm nɔr ðə ˈwɪtnəsɪz sɛd ˈɛniˌθɪŋ tɪ ɪm æt ðə taɪm. dɪd nɑt əˈkər ɪn maɪ ˈprɛzəns, ənd aɪ hæv noʊ ˈnɑlɪʤ əv it,’’*,’’ hi sɛd. ˈpɛri ðə strɪp search’’*’’ bət ˈnəθɪŋ tɪ prəˈtɛkt her,’’*,’’ ðə kəmˈpleɪnt steɪts. noʊ drəgz wər faʊnd. ðɛn pʊt hɪz hænd ˌɪnˈsaɪd hər ˈəndərˌpænts əˈlɔŋ hər body,’’*,’’ ðə kəmˈpleɪnt sɪz. hi ðɛn ˈɔrdərd hər tɪ pʊl əp hər ʃərt ənˈtɪl hər brɛsts wər ɪkˈspoʊzd ənd tərn around.’’*.’’ sərʧ wɑz kənˈdəktəd ɪn ðə glɛr əv ˈhɛˌdlaɪts ənd ˈspɑˌtlaɪts frəm ðə pəˈlis cars,’’*,’’ ðə kəmˈpleɪnt steɪts. wən əv ðə ˈɔfɪsərz ˈəndər kəˈmænd æst ðə gərl ɪf ʃi hæd ˈɛni drəgz. ðə ˈɔfɪsər, skɑt ˈflænəgən, ðɛn ˈɔrdərd hər tɪ ənˈbətən hər pænts ənd θˈrɛtənd tɪ ərˈɛst hər. əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ə ˈsɪvəl kəmˈpleɪnt faɪld baɪ ðə ˈpɛrənts, ðə gərl wɑz wɪθ frɛndz nɪr ə ˈkrænˌbɛri bɔg ɔn meɪ 22 1991 wɪn pəˈlis ˈɔfɪsərz pʊld əp, ˈpɛri əˈməŋ ðɛm. ə ˌrivˈju əv kɔrt ˈrɛkərdz ənd ˈɪntərvˌjuz ˈɪndɪˌkeɪts ðət ˈpɛri wɑz ə ˈsɛntrəl ˈfɪgjər ɪn ðə strɪp sərʧ ˈskændəl ðət rɑkt ðə smɔl taʊn əv ˈnɪrli 20 jɪrz əˈgoʊ. ˈpɛri, ə ˈlɛʤəsˌleɪtər frəm ˈsænwɪʧ, ɪz kæmˈpeɪnɪŋ fər ðə sit əv ˈjuˈɛs ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnətɪv ˈwɪljəm di. ˈdɛləhənt, ə ˈdɛməˌkræt hu ɪz nɑt ˈrənɪŋ fər riɪˈlɛkʃən. ˈpɛri, hu ɪz ˈbætəlɪŋ ˈfɔrmər steɪt ˈtrɛʒərər ʤoʊ məˈloʊn fər ðə ˌnɑməˈneɪʃən, həz bɪn ɛnˈdɔrst baɪ ˈsɛnətər skɑt braʊn ənd ˈfɔrmər ˈgəvərnər mɪt ˈrɑmni. ðə gloʊb ɪz nɑt ˈneɪmɪŋ ðə ˈvɪktɪmz æt ðə rɪkˈwɛst əv ˈfæməli ˈmɛmbərz. ˈpɛri ˈjɛstərˌdeɪ ˈædəməntli dɪˈnaɪd ˈrɔŋduɪŋ, seɪɪŋ hi wɑz æt ðə sin ɪn ðə keɪs əv ðə bət dɪd nɑt ˈwɪtnəs ðə sərʧ. ɪn ðə keɪs əv ðə, hi sɛd hi wɑz ˈriˌleɪɪŋ wət ðə ˈɔfɪsər hæd toʊld ɪm. ˈpɛri, naʊ ə steɪt ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnətɪv, wɑz nɑt ʧɑrʤd ɪn ðə ˈkeɪsɪz, bət ðə ˈɔfɪsər hu sərʧt ðə gərlz ˈplidɪd ˈgɪlti tɪ ˌɪnˈdisənt əˈsɔlt ənd ˈəðər ˈʧɑrʤɪz ənd wɑz ˈsɛntənst tɪ fɔr jɪrz ɪn ˈprɪzən. ˈpɛri wɑz neɪmd ɛz ə dɪˈfɛndənt ɪn ˈsɪvəl ˈkeɪsɪz brɔt baɪ ðə girls’*’ ˈpɛrənts, wɪʧ wər ˈsɛtəld aʊt əv kɔrt. ɪn wən keɪs, ˈpɛri wɑz ðə ˈsupərˌvaɪzər æt ðə sin wɪn ðə ˈɔfɪsər stək hɪz hænd ɪn ə ˈəndərˌwɛr, ɑˈstɛnsəbli ˈsərʧɪŋ fər drəgz. ɪn ðə ˈəðər, ˈpɛri əˈkəmpənid ðə seɪm ˈɔfɪsər tɪ ðə haʊs əv ə gərl tɪ tɛl hər ˈpɛrənts ðət ʃi hæd ˌvɑlənˈtɛrəli pʊld daʊn hər pænts tɪ ʃoʊ ʃi dɪd nɑt hæv ˈɛni drəgz. rɪˈpəblɪkən kənˈgrɛʃənəl ˈkænədɪt ˈʤɛfri di. ˈpɛri wɑz ˌɪnˈvɑlvd, ɛz ə pəˈlis ˈsɑrʤənt ɪn ðə early-1990s*, ɪn tu ˈɪnstənsɪz ɪn wɪʧ ən ˈɔfɪsər ˈəndər hɪz kəˈmænd kənˈdəktəd ˌɪˈligəl strɪp ˈsərʧɪz əv ˈtiˌneɪʤ gərlz, ˈkeɪsɪz ðət ər ˈəndər nu ˈskrutəni ɛz pəˈlɪtɪkəl kərɪr ədˈvænsɪz. ðə ˈpɛrənts dɪd nɑt pərˈsu ˈʧɑrʤɪz, ənd ðə pəˈlis dɪd nɑt ˈdɪsəplən ˈɛni əv ðə ˈɔfɪsərz ˌɪnˈvɑlvd. ənˈtɪl ɪt ˈhæpənd əˈgɛn. ɔn dɛk. 31 1992 ˈpɛri wɑz ðə ʃɪft ˈsupərˌvaɪzər wɪn ˈflænəgən əˈproʊʧt ə gərl bɪˈhaɪnd ə stɔr ənd əˈkjuzd hər əv ˈhævɪŋ ˌmɛrəˈwɑnə. ˈæftər ʃi tərnd hər ˈpɑkəts ˌɪnˈsaɪd aʊt, ˈflænəgən ˈɔrdərd hər tɪ ˈfɑloʊ ɪm bɪˈhaɪnd ə træʃ bɪn. hi toʊld hər tɪ pʊl daʊn hər pænts, lɪft əp hər ʃərt, ənd tərn əraʊnd, waɪl hi ʃoʊn ə laɪt ɔn hər. ˈflænəgən ˈɔrdərd hər tɪ pʊl daʊn hər ˈəndərˌwɛr ənd tərn əraʊnd əˈgɛn. ðɛn sɛd, du aɪ noʊ nɑt əp there?’*?’ ðə kəmˈpleɪnt sɪz. ə səˈvɪljən ˈwɪtnəs ðɛn ˌɪntərˈvind ənd dɪˈmændɪd ðət ˈflænəgən dɪˈvəlʤ hɪz bæʤ ˈnəmbər. ˈflænəgən stɑpt ðə sərʧ ənd lɛt ðə gərl goʊ. ˈleɪtər ðət naɪt, wɪn ˈpɛri ənd ˈflænəgən wɛnt tɪ ðə haʊs, ˈpɛri toʊld hər ˈpɛrənts ðət ˈɔfɪsərz hæd sin ðɛr ˈdɔtər wɪθ ə ˈsəbstəns ðət lʊkt laɪk ˌɔˈrɛgəˌnoʊ ɔn hər ʃərt ənd ðət ɪf ɪt hæd bɪn ˌmɛrəˈwɑnə ʃi kʊd hæv gɔn tɪ ʤeɪl. wɪn ðə ˈpɛrənts æst ɪf ˈɔfɪsərz hæd faʊnd ˌmɛrəˈwɑnə, ˈpɛri sɛd ðeɪ hæd nɑt. ˈpɛri, ɛz hi wɑz ˈhɛdɪd aʊt ðə dɔr, sɛd, ““oh*, jæ, baɪ ðə weɪ, [ʃi] pʊld hər pænts daʊn fər us,’’*,’’ əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ hər parents’*’ swɔrn ˈtɛstɪˌmoʊni. ðə ˈpɛrənts sɛd ðeɪ ˌɪnˈtərprətəd ðə officers’*’ ˈvɪzɪt ɛz ən əˈtɛmpt tɪ pərsˈweɪd ðɛm tɪ kip kwaɪət ər rɪsk ˈhævɪŋ ðɛr ˈdɔtər ʤeɪld. ˈpɛri ækˈnɑlɪʤd ˈjɛstərˌdeɪ ðət hi meɪd ðə ˈsteɪtmənt tɪ ðə ˈpɛrənts əˈbaʊt hər ˈpʊlɪŋ hər pænts daʊn, bət hi sɛd hi wɑz ˈsɪmpli ˈriˌleɪɪŋ tɪ ðɛm wət ˈflænəgən hæd toʊld ɪm. hi sɛd ˈflænəgən hæd ˈnoʊtəˌfaɪd ɪm əˈbaʊt ðə ˈɪnsədənt, ənd soʊ hi æst ˈflænəgən tɪ əˈkəmpəni ɪm tɪ ðə haʊs tɪ tɔk tɪ hər ənd hər ˈpɛrənts. dɪd wət aɪ θɪŋk ɪz gʊd pəˈlis work,’’*,’’ ˈpɛri sɛd. ðə ˈpɛrənts kəmˈpleɪnd ðə nɛkst deɪ tɪ ðə pəˈlis dɪˈpɑrtmənt, wɪʧ rɪˈfərd ðə ˌæləˈgeɪʃənz tɪ steɪt pəˈlis. ˈflænəgən, hu ˈplidɪd ˈgɪlti ɪn 1994 tɪ ˈvaɪəleɪtɪŋ boʊθ girls’*’ raɪts ənd tɪ ˌɪnˈdisənt əˈsɔlt əv ə ʧaɪld, həz sɪns lɛft ðə steɪt ənd kʊd nɑt bi riʧt fər ˈkɑmɛnt. ˈpɛri rɪˈzaɪnd frəm ðə dɪˈpɑrtmənt ɪn ʤun 1993 sɪks mənθs ˈæftər ðə ˈpɛrənts kəmˈpleɪnd. hi sɛd ˈjɛstərˌdeɪ ðət hɪz dɪˈpɑrʧər wɑz ˌənrɪˈleɪtɪd ənd ðət hi lɛft tɪ stɑrt hɪz oʊn ˈpraɪvət ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃən ˈbɪznɪs. ˈpɛri prəˈdust ə ˈlɛtər ˈjɛstərˌdeɪ frəm ðə pəˈlis ʧif æt ðə taɪm seɪɪŋ hi wɑz nɑt ˈəndər ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃən ər ˈsəbʤɪkt tɪ ˈdɪsəpləˌnɛri ˈækʃənz wɪn hi rɪˈzaɪnd. boʊθ girls’*’ ˈfæməliz faɪld ˈsɪvəl ˈlɔˌsuts əˈgɛnst ˈflænəgən, ˈpɛri, ənd ðə taʊn əv. ðə keɪs wɑz ˈsɛtəld ˌbiˈfɔr traɪəl. ɪn ðə keɪs, ˈpɛri wɑz dɪsˈmɪst ɛz ə dɪˈfɛndənt praɪər tɪ traɪəl bɪˈkəz hi wɑz nɑt ˈprɛzənt ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə strɪp sərʧ, bət ə ˈʤʊri faʊnd ˈflænəgən ənd ðə taʊn ˈlaɪəbəl, əˈwɔrdɪŋ ðə ˈfæməli ɪn ˈdæmɪʤɪz. ðət keɪs, tu, ˈɛndɪd ɪn ə ˈsɛtəlmənt. ɪn boʊθ ˈsɛtəlmənts, ðɛr wɑz noʊ ədˈmɪʃən əv ˈrɔŋduɪŋ. ˈlɔjər haʊərd ˈfridmən, hu ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnɪd boʊθ ˈvɪktɪmz, sɛd hi rɪˈmɛmbərz ðə ˈkeɪsɪz well.’’*.’’ ˈɪnsədənts wɪθ ˈsɑrʤənt ˈpɛri wər pɑrt əv ðə mjuˈnɪsəpəl ˌlaɪəˈbɪlɪti kleɪm, wɪʧ wɑz successful,’’*,’’ hi sɛd. ˈpɛri sɛd ðət ˌɔlˈðoʊ hi wɑz neɪmd ɛz ə dɪˈfɛndənt, hi wɑz ˈnɛvər kˈwɛsʧənd ənd ˈnɛvər əˈpɪrd ɪn kɔrt. hi sɛd ðət ˌɔlˈðoʊ hi wɑz əˈwɛr əv ðə ˌæləˈgeɪʃənz əˈgɛnst ɪm, hi dɪd ˈnəθɪŋ tɪ rɪˈbət ðɛm ər klɪr hɪz neɪm, bɪˈkəz hi sɛd ˌæləˈgeɪʃənz ɪn ˈsɪvəl lɔ suts ər nɑt ˌnɛsəˈsɛrəli tru. ðə ˈfɑðər sɛd hi wɑz səˈpraɪzd ənd ˈæŋgri ðət ˈpɛri ɪz ˈrənɪŋ fər ˈkɑŋgrəs. ˈnoʊˌwɛr hi ʃʊd rən ɪkˈsɛpt aʊt əv town,’’*,’’ hi sɛd. ˈpɛri sɛd ðət ɛz ə ˈfɑðər, hi wʊd bi ˈæŋgri, tu, ɪf ə pəˈlis ˈɔfɪsər əˈsɔltɪd hɪz ʧaɪld. stɪl, ˈpɛri sɛd hi wʊd nɑt hæv dən ˈɛniˌθɪŋ ˈdɪfərˈɛntli, ˈivɪn naʊ, noʊɪŋ ðət ən ˈɔfɪsər ˈəndər hɪz kəˈmænd kəˈmɪtɪd kraɪmz əˈgɛnst ˈtiˌneɪʤ gərlz. hi pleɪst ðə bleɪm fər ðə ˈɪnsədənts ɔn ˈflænəgən. rɪˈflɛkʃən naʊ, ənd ˈtɔkɪŋ əˈbaʊt flanagan,’’*,’’ hi sɛd, ˈpipəl kən bi ˈsəmθɪŋ tɪ feɪs ənd bi ˈsəmθɪŋ ɛls ɪn ˈəðər places.’’*.’’ ˈdɑnəvən slæk kən bi riʧt æt [email protected]*. ˈkɑpiˌraɪt 2010 gloʊb ˈnuzˌpeɪpər ˈkəmpəˌni.
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perry insisted he did not see it, and that neither the victim nor the witnesses said anything to him at the time. “it did not occur in my presence, and i have no knowledge of it,’’ he said.
perry “observed the strip search’’ but “did nothing to protect her,’’ the complaint states. no drugs were found.
“flanagan then put his hand inside her underpants along her body,’’ the complaint says. he then ordered her to pull up her shirt until her breasts were exposed and turn around.’’ “this search was conducted in the glare of headlights and spotlights from the police cars,’’ the complaint states.
one of the officers under perry’s command asked the girl if she had any drugs. the officer, scott flanagan, then ordered her to unbutton her pants and threatened to arrest her.
according to a civil complaint filed by the 14-year-old’s parents, the girl was with friends near a cranberry bog on may 22, 1991, when wareham police officers pulled up, perry among them.
a review of court records and interviews indicates that perry was a central figure in the strip search scandal that rocked the small town of wareham nearly 20 years ago.
perry, a four-term legislator from sandwich, is campaigning for the seat of us representative william d. delahunt, a democrat who is not running for reelection. perry, who is battling former state treasurer joe malone for the gop nomination, has been endorsed by senator scott brown and former governor mitt romney.
the globe is not naming the victims at the request of family members.
perry yesterday adamantly denied wrongdoing, saying he was at the scene in the case of the 14-year-old but did not witness the search. in the case of the 16-year-old, he said he was relaying what the officer had told him.
perry, now a state representative, was not charged in the cases, but the officer who searched the girls pleaded guilty to indecent assault and other charges and was sentenced to four years in prison. perry was named as a defendant in civil cases brought by the girls’ parents, which were settled out of court.
in one case, perry was the supervisor at the scene when the officer stuck his hand in a 14-year-old girl’s underwear, ostensibly searching for drugs. in the other, perry accompanied the same officer to the house of a 16-year-old girl to tell her parents that she had voluntarily pulled down her pants to show she did not have any drugs.
republican congressional candidate jeffrey d. perry was involved, as a wareham police sergeant in the early-1990s, in two instances in which an officer under his command conducted illegal strip searches of teenage girls, cases that are under new scrutiny as perry’s political career advances.
the parents did not pursue charges, and the wareham police did not discipline any of the officers involved.
until it happened again.
on dec. 31, 1992, perry was the shift supervisor when flanagan approached a 16-year-old girl behind a tedeschi’s store and accused her of having marijuana. after she turned her pockets inside out, flanagan ordered her to follow him behind a trash bin.
he told her to pull down her pants, lift up her shirt, and turn around, while he shone a light on her. flanagan ordered her to pull down her underwear and turn around again. “he then said, ‘how do i know it’s not up there?’ ’’ the complaint says.
a civilian witness then intervened and demanded that flanagan divulge his badge number. flanagan stopped the search and let the girl go. later that night, when perry and flanagan went to the girl’s house, perry told her parents that officers had seen their daughter with a substance that looked like oregano on her shirt and that if it had been marijuana she could have gone to jail. when the girl’s parents asked if officers had found marijuana, perry said they had not.
perry, as he was headed out the door, said, “oh, yeah, by the way, [she] pulled her pants down for us,’’ according to her parents’ sworn testimony. the parents said they interpreted the officers’ visit as an attempt to persuade them to keep quiet or risk having their daughter jailed.
perry acknowledged yesterday that he made the statement to the girl’s parents about her pulling her pants down, but he said he was simply relaying to them what flanagan had told him. he said flanagan had notified him about the incident, and so he asked flanagan to accompany him to the girl’s house to talk to her and her parents.
“i did what i think is good police work,’’ perry said.
the parents complained the next day to the police department, which referred the allegations to state police. flanagan, who pleaded guilty in 1994 to violating both girls’ rights and to indecent assault of a child, has since left the state and could not be reached for comment.
perry resigned from the department in june 1993, six months after the parents complained. he said yesterday that his departure was unrelated and that he left to start his own private investigation business. perry produced a letter yesterday from the police chief at the time saying he was not under investigation or subject to disciplinary actions when he resigned.
both girls’ families filed civil lawsuits against flanagan, perry, and the town of wareham. the 14-year-old girl’s case was settled before trial. in the 16-year-old’s case, perry was dismissed as a defendant prior to trial because he was not present during the strip search, but a jury found flanagan and the town liable, awarding the girl’s family $50,000 in damages. that case, too, ended in a settlement.
in both settlements, there was no admission of wrongdoing.
lawyer howard friedman, who represented both victims, said he remembers the cases “very well.’’ “the incidents with sergeant perry were part of the municipal liability claim, which was successful,’’ he said.
perry said that although he was named as a defendant, he was never questioned and never appeared in court.
he said that although he was aware of the allegations against him, he did nothing to rebut them or clear his name, because he said allegations in civil law suits are not necessarily true.
the 14-year-old’s father said he was surprised and angry that perry is running for congress.
“there’s nowhere he should run except out of town,’’ he said.
perry said that as a father, he would be angry, too, if a police officer assaulted his child. still, perry said he would not have done anything differently, even now, knowing that an officer under his command committed crimes against teenage girls. he placed the blame for the incidents on flanagan.
“my reflection now, and i’m talking about flanagan,’’ he said, “is people can be something to everyone’s face and be something else in other places.’’
donovan slack can be reached at [email protected].
© copyright 2010 globe newspaper company.
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soʊ fɑr: ˈlɛsən 1 ˈlɛsən 2 ˈlɛsən 3 ˈlɛsən 4 ˈlɛsən 5 ˈlɛsən 6 ˈlɛsən 7 ˈlɛsən 8 ˈlɛsən 9 ˈlɛsən 10 ˈlɛsən 11 ənd strɛs lərn ðɪs wərdz wɪθ ðɪs kɔrs. tɛkst ˈlɛsənz baɪ @tulunnguaq*: ɔl hɪz poʊsts. wət ju wɪl lərn: wik stɛmz 1 vərbz 1 wik stɛmz 1 ɪn ˈlɛsən 7 aɪ fərst ˌɪntrəˈdust ju tɪ wik ənd strɔŋ naʊnz. ɪn ˈlɛsən 9 wi spoʊk əˈbaʊt sˈlaɪtli ˌɪˈrɛgjələr wik naʊnz ənd ɪn ˈlɛsən 10 wi dɛlt wɪθ pəˈzɛsɪv naʊnz. bət ˈmɛni wik naʊnz (səm strɔŋ naʊnz, tu, ðoʊ) ˈɔlsoʊ hæv əˈnəðər ˈfiʧər, ðeɪ ˈʤɛməˌneɪt ðə læst ˈkɑnsənənt əv ðə stɛm wɪn ˈsərtən ˈɛndɪŋz ər əˈplaɪd tɪ ɪt. ɪz ðə ˈdəbəlɪŋ əv ə ˈkɑnsənənt soʊ ðət ɪt ɪz prəˈnaʊnst twaɪs ɛz lɔŋ. ðə ˈtrɪki pɑrt hir ɪz nɑt ˈoʊnli tɪ rɪˈmɛmbər wɪn ˈhæpənz bət ˈɔlsoʊ haʊ ðə ˈkɑnsənənt ˈʧeɪnʤɪz, bɪˈkəz ə ˈdəbəld ˈkɑnsənənt kən ʧeɪnʤ ɪts prəˌnənsiˈeɪʃən kəmˈplitli. ɔˈrɛdi ɪnˈkaʊnərd ðət ɪn ˈlɛsən 3 wɪn wi spoʊk əˈbaʊt vərb stɛmz ənd ðɛr əˌsɪməˈleɪʃən wɪθ ðə ˈɛndɪŋ -vu- laɪk ɪn (ˈkəmɪŋ frəm sinik+vu+q*, wɛr /k+v*/ əˈsɪməˌleɪt tɪ /vv*/ bət aɪ toʊld ju ðɛr ðət /vv*/ ˈkænɑt ɪgˈzɪst ɛz ə ˈkɑnsənənt bət ˈʧeɪnʤɪz ɪn ˈvərbəl ˈpɛrəˌdaɪmz tɪ /pp*/ (ðəs,) ənd ɪn ˈnɑmənəl ˈpɛrəˌdaɪmz tɪ /ff*/ (fər ɪgˈzæmpəl bɪˈkəmz ˈkɪʧən) gɪt ˈstɑrtɪd wɪθ ˈizi prɪˈdɪktəbəl stəf: 1 ɔl wik naʊnz ˈɛndɪŋ ɪn -keɪ ˈʤɛməˌneɪt. (rɪˈmɛmbər, moʊst naʊnz ˈɛndɪŋ ɪn -keɪ ər strɔŋ, ðoʊ.) 2 ɔl naʊnz ˈɛndɪŋ ɪn -gaq*, -raq*, ənd ˈʤɛməˌneɪt. 3 ɔl wik naʊnz ˈɛndɪŋ ɪn -kju ənd -keɪ, luz ðɪs ˈkɑnsənənt ˈɛvriˌwɛr ɪkˈsɛpt fər ðə ˈsɪŋgjələr. 4 kən ˈoʊnli əˈkər wɪn ðə læst ˈkɑnsənənt əv ðə stɛm (aɪ. i. ˌbiˈfɔr ðə ðɛn ˈvænɪʃt -kju ənd -keɪ) ɪz ə ˈsɪŋgəl ˈkɑnsənənt (<ɪŋ> kaʊnts ɛz ə ˈsɪŋgəl ˈkɑnsənənt). 5 ˈkænɑt əˈkər wɪn ðə ˈɛndɪŋ stɑrts wɪθ ə vaʊəl ər wɪθ /ɑr/. hir ɪz ə ˈlɪtəl ˌɪləˈstreɪʃən əv ðə əˈbəv rulz: 1 pərl ˈnɛkləs, ɛndz ɪn /-keɪ/, ðəs, ˈɔlˌweɪz wɪn ðə ˈɛndɪŋ stɑrts wɪθ ə ˈkɑnsənənt ˈəðər ðən /ɑr/. ðə necklace’s*, bət ˈnɛkləs 2 fɪʃ ðə fish’s*; ʧaɪld ðə child’s*; ˈfæməli ˈmɛmbər ðə ˈfæməli member’s*; leɪk ðə (si bɪˈloʊ fər ðə streɪnʤ ˈkɑnsənənt ˈʧeɪnʤɪz) dɔg dɔgz; ɪt həz ə ˈdəbəl ˈkɑnsənənt, ðəs, ˈkænɑt bi. ˈɔlsoʊ, ɪt ˈluzɪz ɪts ˈfaɪnəl /kju/ ɪkˈsɛpt fər ðə ˈsɪŋgjələr. fʊt, ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ˈluzɪz ɪts /keɪ/, tu, bət ðə ˈsɪŋgəl /ʤi/ tɪ /kk*/ fit. 5 ʧaɪld ˈʧɪldrən, bət ʧaɪld (ˈɛndɪŋ ɪz -ə), jʊr (pl*.) ʧaɪld (ˈɛndɪŋ ɪz -rsi*). ðiz ər ˈæbsəˌlut rulz, ðət əˈplaɪ (ˈɔlˌmoʊst) ˈɔlˌweɪz. ðɛr ər, ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ə lɔt əv rulz wɪθ ˈoʊnli haɪ ˌprɑbəˈbɪləˌti əˈbaʊt ðɛr ˈaʊtˌkəm, waɪlst ˈhævɪŋ ˈmɛni ɪkˈsɛpʃənz, ðoʊ. ˈʤɛnərəli, ˈmɛni stɛmz ðət hæv ə ˈsɪŋgəl -ʤi-, -ʤeɪ-, -ɛl-, -ɛm-, -ɛn-, -ɪŋ-, -kju-, -ɑr-, -ɛs-, -ti- ɪn ðɛr læst ˈsɪləbəl ˈʤɛməˌneɪt. ənˈfɔrʧənətli, wən həz tɪ lərn ɪkˈsɛpʃənz tɪ ðiz baɪ hɑrt, bət ðə ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən ɔn ðɪs kən bi faʊnd ɪn moʊst ˈdɪkʃəˌnɛriz. ɪn ðə ˈfɑloʊɪŋ, ju wɪl faɪnd ə lɪst əv ɪgˈzæmpəlz bɪˈgɪnɪŋ wɪθ ðə ˈkɑnsənənts ðət ˈʤɛməˌneɪt prɪˈdɪktəbli frəm ðə ˈsɪŋgəl fɔrm, e.g*. /ti/, tɪ ðə ˈdəbəld fɔrm, /tt*/. ðə lɪst ˈfɑloʊz ðə ˈklæsɪkəl leɪaʊt əv ˈneɪmɪŋ ðə ˈsɪŋgjələr ɛz ðə ˈbeɪsɪk fɔrm, ənd ðɛn ˈgɪvɪŋ ðə ˈsɪŋgjələr, ðə ˈplʊrəl ənd ðə ˌɪnstrəˈmɛnəl ˈsɪŋgjələr (ɛs. ˈlɛsən 7 /ɛm/ bɪˈkəmz /mm*/ (skɪn) ammip*, ammit*, (si) immap*, immat*, (ˈminɪŋ) isummap*, isummat*, /ɛn/ bɪˈkəmz /nn*/ (feɪs) kiinnap*, kiinnat*, (ˈpoʊlər bɛr) nannup*, nannut*, /ɪŋ/ bɪˈkəmz /nng*/ (noʊz) qinngap*, qinngat*, (pərl) sapanngap*, sapanngat*, /kju/ bɪˈkəmz /qq*/ (hɛd) niaqqup*, niaqqut*, (təŋ) oqqap*, oqqat*, /ti/ bɪˈkəmz /tt*/ (ˈhəntɪŋ floʊt) avattap*, avattat*, (wɪp) iperaattap*, iperaattat*, /ɛl/ bɪˈkəmz /ll*/ (kip ɪn maɪnd, /ll*/ ɪz prəˈnaʊnst (ˈkɑmən ˈməsəl) uillup*, uillut*, (ˈɑrtɪk hɛr) ukallip*, ukallit*, (greenlander*) kalaallip*, kalaallit*, (ðət ɪz waɪ ðə ˈsɪŋgjələr ə greenlander”*” juzd fər ðə ˈlæŋgwɪʤ neɪm həz ““kalaallisut”*”) səm ˈkɑnsənənts ʧeɪnʤ, ˌhaʊˈɛvər, wɪn ðeɪ ər. (ðɪs ɪz nɑt ðə rul fər ɔl ˈkeɪsɪz, ˈkɑnsənənt kən bɪˈheɪv ˈdɪfərˈɛntli dɪˈpɛndɪŋ ɔn ðə ˈkɑntɛkst, ɪn ðɪs keɪs ɪt ɪz declension*.) /ʤi/ bɪˈkəmz /kk*/ (wɔl): ə- iikka*- iikkap*, iikkat*, (fʊt): ə- isikka*- isikkap*,, (bɪg toʊ): ju- putukku*- putukkup*, putukkut*, /ɑr/ bɪˈkəmz /qq*/ (wʊlf): ju- amaqqu*- amaqqup*, amaqqut*, (sneɪl): ju- siuteqqu*- siuteqqup*, siuteqqut*, (stoʊn): ə- ujaqqa*- ujaqqap*, ujaqqat*, /ɛs/ bɪˈkəmz /tiɛs/ (breɪn): ə- qaratsa*- qaratsap*, qaratsat*, /ʤeɪ/ bɪˈkəmz /ss*/ ər /tiɛs/ (si ˈskɔrpiən): *ˈkænə ju- kanassu*- kanassup*, kanassut*, (hɛd hɛr): *nu ə- nutsa*- nutsap*, nutsat*, (sɔlt): *ˈtɛrə ju- taratsu*- taratsup*, taratsut*, (ˈæˌkʧuəli, ðɛr ɪz noʊ ˈdəbəl /ʤeɪ/, soʊ ɪt bɪˈkəmz /tt*/ ər /kk*/, ɪn ɑr keɪs ɪt ɪz /tt*/ wɪʧ ɪz ɪn ə ˈsɛkənd ʧeɪnʤ ˈtərnɪŋ ˈɪntu /ss*/ ər /tiɛs/. wɪʧ əv boʊθ ˈkænɑt bi prɪˈdɪktɪd.) səm naʊnz kən bi dɪˈklaɪnd ˈdɪfərˈɛntli, ˈsəmˌtaɪmz ðeɪ ər, ˈsəmˌtaɪmz nɑt, səm kən bi ˈiðər wik ər strɔŋ. ɪt dɪˈpɛndz ɔn ðə ˈspikər, ˈpərsɪnəl ˈprɛfərəns, ðə ˈdaɪəˌlɛkt ənd ðə eɪʤ əv ðə ˈspikər. wən ɪgˈzæmpəl ɪz (si əˈbəv) wɪʧ kən ˈɔlsoʊ bi dɪˈklaɪnd ɛz ðə ˈfɑloʊɪŋ: (ɑrm) talerup*, talerit*, ɪn ðə nɛkst ˈlɛsən, wi wɪl dil wɪθ ˈkɑnsənənts ðət ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnɪd orthographically*, bət wɪʧ bɪˈkəm ˈvɪzəbəl wɪn ðeɪ ər. vərbz 1 wi hæv ɔˈrɛdi ˈlərnɪd ə fɛr bɪt əˈbaʊt vərbz ɪn. ɪn ˈlɛsən 3 ɪnˈkaʊnərd vərbz, ðə θri kaɪnz əv vərb stɛmz ənd ðɛr ˈpərsɪnəl ˈɛndɪŋz, wɪʧ ər ðə seɪm fər vərbz ɪn ˈʤɛnərəl. ɪn ˈlɛsən 4 ju ˈlərnɪd haʊ tɪ poʊz kˈwɛsʧənz baɪ ˈʧeɪnʤɪŋ ðə ˈɛndɪŋz. ənd ɪn ˈlɛsən 7 ɔˈrɛdi bɪlt ˈsɛntənsɪz wɪθ ðə ˈstrəkʧər ðət kəm kloʊz tɪ ə ˈminɪŋ. ðə vərb ˌkɑnʤəˈgeɪʃən, ˌhaʊˈɛvər, wɑz ðə seɪm ˈbɪldɪŋ ɛz ju ˈlərnɪd ɪn ˈlɛsən 3 ɪn ˈlɛsən 10 wi tʊk ən ɪkˈskərʒən tɪ ðə ˌsɪməˈlɛrətiz bɪtˈwin ðə pəˈzɛsɪv ˈɛndɪŋz ənd ðə vərb ˈɛndɪŋz wɪn ðə ˈɑbʤɛkt ɪz ðə θərd ˈpərsən ˈsɪŋgjələr ər ˈplʊrəl. ɪz wɪn ðə ˈminɪŋ əv ə vərb rikˈwaɪərz tu pɑrˈtɪsəpənts: ə ˈsəbʤɪkt ənd ən ˈɑbʤɛkt. ðə vərb sleep”*” ɪz ɛz ɪt ˈoʊnli rikˈwaɪərz ðə wən pɑrˈtɪsəpənt ðət slips: slips. ju ˈkænɑt slip ˈsəmˌwən: *sinippaa*. slips ˈəðər vərbz, ˌhaʊˈɛvər, laɪk kill”*” ˈkænɑt bi ɪkˈsprɛst wɪˈθaʊt ˈmɛnʃənɪŋ tu pɑrˈtɪsəpənts, ðə wən hu kɪlz (ðə ˈsəbʤɪkt, ˈeɪʤənt) ənd ðət ɪz kɪld (ðə ˈɑbʤɛkt). kill”*” minz ““toqup-”*-” ənd ðə ˈsɛntəns kɪlz him/her.”*.” wʊd bi: toquppaa*. ðət ɪz ðə ˈɛndɪŋ ðət ju hæv ɔˈrɛdi sin ɪn ˈlɛsən 10 wɪˈθaʊt ˈkɑntɛkst, ðə fɔrm *toquppoq*. kɪlz. meɪk məʧ sɛns. ɪn ˈʤɛnərəl, vərbz ˌkɑnʤəˈgeɪt əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ˈpərsən (aɪ, ju,, ˈpərsən), ˈnəmbər (aɪ ˈvərsəz. wi, ju ˈvərsəz., ˈvərsəz. ðeɪ, ˈpərsən ˈvərsəz. ˈpərsənz) ənd moʊd (fɔr moʊdz fər meɪn ˈklɔzɪz: ˌɪnˈdɪkətɪv,, ˌɪmˈpɛrətɪv ənd optative*; ənd fɔr səˈbɔrdəˌneɪt moʊdz fər dɪˈpɛndənt ˈklɔzɪz: conjunctive*, kənˈdɪʃənəl, ˌpɑrˈtɪsəpətɪv ənd contemporative*). ðɪs meɪ saʊnd laɪk ə lɔt, bət wi wɪl gɪt tɪ ðət ənd ju hæv ɔˈrɛdi ˈmæstərd moʊst əv ðə ˌɪnˈdɪkətɪv ənd moʊdz. hir ɪz haʊ ə ʧɑrt əv moʊd ˈɛndɪŋz wʊd lʊk laɪk (frəm ðə əv ˈflɛmɪŋ a.j*. ˈnilsən 2014 ju ɔˈrɛdi noʊ ðə ˈɛndɪŋ +vu- frəm ˈsɛntənsɪz laɪk wi ər big”*”, ðə ˈnigeɪtɪd fɔrm fɔrm) wi ər nɑt big”*” ənd ðə fɔrmz? ər wi big?”*?”, ““angivisi*? ər ju gaɪz big?”*?” ənd ““angippat*? ər ðeɪ big?”*?” (frəm ðə ˌɪnərˈmidiɪt fɔrm ˈænʤi æt angippat*), pləs ðɛr ˈnigeɪtɪd fɔrmz. haʊ tɪ bɪld ðə fɔrmz wət wi wɪl lərn təˈdeɪ ər ðə ˈɛndɪŋz fər ðə ˌɪnˈdɪkətɪv moʊd, əv wɪʧ ðə ˈbeɪsɪk ˈɛndɪŋ ɪz +va*-. ɛz sin əˈbəv, vərbz du nɑt ˈoʊnli əˈgri wɪθ ðə ˈsəbʤɪkt sleeps”*”.) bət ˈɔlsoʊ wɪθ ðə ˈɑbʤɛkt əv ðə vərb, wɪʧ ɪz ənˈnoʊn tɪ ˈɪŋlɪʃ. ðɛr ər tu weɪz tɪ ɪkˈspleɪn wɪʧ ˈɛndɪŋ kəmz ˈæftər +va*- fər wɪʧ ˈpərsən ˌkɑnstəˈleɪʃən. ðə ʃɔrt ˈstɔri wɪl rɪˈgɑrd ðə ˈpərsɪnəl ˈɛndɪŋz ɛz fər ðə seɪk əv lɛs kənfˈjuʒən. soʊ, wɪn seɪ ˈænsər you.”*.” ðə ˈsɛntəns wʊd bi ““akivakkit.”*.” minz answers”*” ənd kip ɪn maɪnd ðət ɪn moʊst ˈdɪkʃəˌnɛriz vərb ˈɛntriz ər ˈgɪvɪn wɪθ ðə 3 ˈpərsən ˈsɪŋgjələr baɪ dɪˈfɔlt, fər vərbz ðə ˈvərbəl ˈɛndɪŋ əv ən ˈɛntri wʊd bi ənd fər vərbz ɪt wʊd bi s/he–>him/her*) ðə moʊd ˈɛndɪŋ ɪz +va*-, ɛz sɛd əˈbəv, ənd ðə ˈɛndɪŋ ðət dɪˈnoʊts ðət ðə ˈminɪŋ həz aɪ ɛz ðə ˈsəbʤɪkt ənd ju ɛz ðə ˈɑbʤɛkt 1sg–x–>2sg*) ɪz, soʊ ju æd tɪ ðə vərb stɛm ˈɑki- ˈmeɪkɪŋ aɪ ˈænsər ju. soʊ, fər ˈɛvəri ˈpɑsəbəl ˈpərsɪnəl ˌkɑnstəˈleɪʃən, wən ˈɛndɪŋ wʊd hæv tɪ bi ˈlərnɪd, ðət wʊd bi 28 ɪn ˈtoʊtəl. ðə lɔŋ ˈstɔri wʊd hæv tɪ du wɪθ ɪn, ðə ˈeɪʤənt əv ðə vərb teɪks ðə keɪs ənd ðə ˈɑbʤɛkt teɪks ðə keɪs. minz ðət ðə ˈsəbʤɪkt əv ən vərb həz ðə seɪm keɪs ˈmɑrkər ɛz ðə ˈɑbʤɛkt əv ə vərb (ənˈlaɪk ˈɪŋlɪʃ, *ɪm slips ˈvərsəz. aɪ si ɪm), ɪn ðɪs keɪs, ðə ˈɑbʤɛkt wʊd hæv ðə ˈmɑrkərz ɔˈrɛdi ɪnˈkaʊnərd ɪn ˈlɛsən 3 ɪn fækt, ðə ˈɛndɪŋz fər ðə ˈpərsɪnəl ˌkɑnstəˈleɪʃənz (aɪ du tɪ ju.) kənˈsɪst əv tu ðət ˌəndərˈlaɪ soʊ ˈmɛni ˈɛkstrə rulz ðət ðɛr tru ˈkɛrɪktər ɪz ˈvɛri ˈɔfən əbˈskjʊr. aɪ wɪl ˈoʊnli ˈɪləˌstreɪt ðɪs wɪθ ðə ˈɛndɪŋ (aɪ ju, si əˈbəv) wɪʧ ɪz bɪlt əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ðə ˈfɑloʊɪŋ rulz: ðə fərst pɑrt ˈæftər ðə moʊd ˈɛndɪŋ +va*- əv ðoʊz ˈɛndɪŋz kənˈsɪsts əv ðə ˈeɪʤənt əv ðə ˈminɪŋ ɪn ðə ˈrɛlətɪv keɪs, wɪʧ wʊd bi -mɑ- ɪn ðɪs keɪs. wɪn ɪt ɪz ðə ˈsəbʤɪkt əv ə vərb ɪt gɪts rɪˈdust tɪ -ɛm-. ɪn ðə nɛkst stɛp, wi teɪk ðə ˈsɛkənd ˈpərsən ˈsɪŋgjələr ɪn ðə keɪs ɛz ðə ˈɑbʤɛkt ˈɛndɪŋ, wɪʧ wʊd bi -tɪt, ənd pʊt ɪt ˈæftər ðə ˈsəbʤɪkt ˈɛndɪŋ, bət wɛˈnɛvər ðə ˈsəbʤɪkt ˌbiˈfɔr ɪt ɪz ˈiðər ðə fərst ˈpərsən ˈsɪŋgjələr ər ˈplʊrəl ɪt bɪˈkəmz -git*. ðɪs wʊd liv ˈjuˈɛs wɪʧ: (+va)-m+git*. ɛz ju meɪ noʊ baɪ naʊ, ðə ˈkɑnsənənts wʊd əˈsɪməˌleɪt tɪ ðə læst ˈkɑnsənənt, wɪʧ wʊd lɛd ˈjuˈɛs tɪ (+va)-ggit*, bət ə ˈdəbəl /gg*/ bɪˈkəmz /kk*/ wɪn ɪt ɪz juzd wɪθ ˌɪnˈflɛkʃən (si əˈbəv), wɪʧ ɪˈvɛnʧəwəli, meɪks ðə hoʊl ˈɛndɪŋ (+va)-kkit*. bət ɛz ðɪs ɪz weɪ tu lɔŋ fər ðə ˈbeɪsɪks ɪn, ɪt ʃʊd səˈfaɪs tɪ lərn ðə ˈɛndɪŋz ɛz wən ɛz ən ˌɪnərˈmidiɪt stɛp, wɪʧ wʊd liv ju wɪθ 28 ˈɛndɪŋz fər ɔl ðə ˈpɑsəbəl ˌkɑnstəˈleɪʃənz wɪˈθɪn ðə ˌɪnˈdɪkətɪv moʊd, ˌɪnˈstɛd əv 47 ˌɪndɪˈpɛndənt ˈɛndɪŋz, ðət ˌəndərˈgoʊ mɔr ðən 30 rulz ɔn haʊ ðeɪ ʧeɪnʤ fɔrmz wɪn ðeɪ ər kəmˈbaɪnd dɪˈpɛndɪŋ ɔn wət kəmz ˌbiˈfɔr ər ˈæftər ðɛm. ɪn ˈlɛsən 10 ɔˈrɛdi ˈlərnɪd səm pəˈzɛsɪv ˈɛndɪŋz, wɪʧ ər ˈɔlsoʊ juzd fər wɛˈnɛvər ə ˈpərsən ɪz duɪŋ ə vərb ˈækʃən tɪ ə θərd ˈpərsən ˈsɪŋgjələr ər ˈplʊrəl. ɪn tərm, wən kən ˈoʊnli pəˈzɛs θərd person(s*). ðə ˈoʊnli kæʧ hir: ðə ˈɛndɪŋz ər ˈsɪmpələr ənd ˈɔlˌweɪz ðə seɪm ə gʊd kæʧ, jeɪ). hir ɪz haʊ ðə ˈɛndɪŋ +va*- ˈʧeɪnʤɪz əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ðə vərb stɛm (ɛs. ˈlɛsən 3 vaʊəl stɛm: ˈɑki- +va*- əˈkivə- (tɪ ˈænsər) c-stem*: allap*- +va*- allappa*- (tɪ raɪt sth*.) r-stem*: atuar*- +va*- atuarpa*- (tɪ rɛd sth*) ˈɑbʤɛkt ɪz ðə θərd ˈpərsən ˈsɪŋgjələr 3.sg*.) ðəs: ɪm, hər, ɪt 1.sg*. +rɑ, aɪ aɪ ˈænsər ɪm. 2.sg*. +ti ju ju raɪt ɪt. 3.sg*. +ə ridz ɪt. 1.pl*. wi wi raɪt ɪt. 2.pl*. ˈænsər ɪm. 3.pl*. +æt ðeɪ ðeɪ rɛd ɪt. ˈɑbʤɛkt ɪz ðə θərd ˈpərsən ˈplʊrəl 3.pl*.) ðəs: ðɛm 1.sg*. +kka*, aɪ aɪ ˈænsər ðɛm. 2.sg*. +tɪt ju ju raɪt ðɛm. 3.sg*. +aɪ ridz ðɛm. 1.pl*. wi wi raɪt ðɛm. 2.pl*. +si ˈænsər ðɛm. 3.pl*. +ɪt ðeɪ ðeɪ rɛd ðɛm. (a!-rule*) (ɛz ju si, ðɛr ɪz noʊ dɪˈstɪŋkʃən bɪtˈwin ˈsɪŋgjələr ər ˈplʊrəl θərd ˈpərsən ˈɑbʤɛkt bɪˈkəz ðə /aɪ/ frəm ðə ˈplʊrəl ˈɛndɪŋ ɪz əˈsɪməˌleɪtɪd tɪ ðə priˈsidɪŋ /ə/.) ɛz ˈmɛnʃənd ɪn ˈlɛsən 10 ðə ˌsɪməˈlɛrəti bɪtˈwin ðə pəˈzɛsɪv ˈɛndɪŋz ənd ðə ˈɛndɪŋz tɪ mɑrk ðə ˈɑbʤɛkt ɛz ə θərd ˈpərsən kəmz frəm ə ˈstrəkʧər wɛr ðə ˈpæsɪv ˈpɑrtɪˌsɪpəl wɑz, ɪn fækt, pəˈzɛst: maɪ dɔg ˈvərsəz. lɪt. maɪ ˈænsərd θɪŋ (ɪz) hi aɪ ˈænsər ɪm. ðət ɪz ðə ˈrizən waɪ, ɛz aɪ ˈmɛnʃənd ɪn ðə ʃɔrt ˈstɔri əv ðə lɔŋ ˌɛkspləˈneɪʃən əˈbəv, ðiz ˈɛndɪŋz ər ˈrɪli, ðeɪ ˈoʊnli mɑrk ðə pəˈzɛsər, ɪn ðɪs keɪs ðə əv ðə ˈsɛntəns. naʊ, ðət wi ˈkəvərd ɔl ˌkɑnstəˈleɪʃənz wɛr ˈɛni ˈpərsən dɪz ðə ˈækʃən ə θərd ˈpərsən (sg*. ər pl*.), aɪ wɪl ʃoʊ ju wət ˈɛndɪŋz ər juzd fər ðə rɪˈmeɪnɪŋ ˌkɑnstəˈleɪʃənz, e.g*. ju kɪs mi. kip ɪn maɪnd, ðoʊ, ðət rɪˈsɪprəkəl ˌkɑnstəˈleɪʃənz laɪk ər əˈnəðər keɪk ðət wi wɪl dil wɪθ ˈleɪtər, ðeɪ ˈkænɑt bi bɪlt ðɪs weɪ. ðət livz ˈjuˈɛs wɪθ ðə ˈfɑloʊɪŋ ˌkɑnstəˈleɪʃənz: aɪ ˈænsər ju. aɪ ˈænsər. wi ˈænsər ju. wi ˈænsər. ju ˈænsər mi. ju ˈænsər ˈjuˈɛs. ˈænsər mi. ˈænsər ˈjuˈɛs. ˈænsərz mi. ˈænsərz ju. ˈænsərz ˈjuˈɛs. ˈænsərz. ðeɪ ˈænsər mi. ðeɪ ˈænsər ju. ðeɪ ˈænsər ˈjuˈɛs. ðeɪ ˈænsər. ðiz ər ðə ˈoʊnli ˈɛndɪŋz ɪn ðiz læst tu ˈpɛrəˌdaɪmz wɛr ju kən dɪˈstɪŋgwɪʃ ðə ˈnəmbər əv ðə ˈsəbʤɪkt ɪn ðə 3 ˈpərsən. waɪlst ɪn ˈɪŋlɪʃ, ˈɔlˌmoʊst ðə hoʊl ˈvərbəl ˈpɛrəˌdaɪm həz ðə seɪm fɔrm, ɪkˈsɛpt fər ðə θərd ˈpərsən ˈsɪŋgjələr slip ˈvərsəz. slips), ðɛr ər fjuər fɔrmz ɪn ðət ər æmˈbɪgjuəs: akivaat*. ðeɪ ˈænsər ɪm ər ðɛm.. aɪ ər wi ˈænsər.. ju ər ˈænsər ˈjuˈɛs.. ər ðeɪ ˈænsər mi.. ər ðeɪ ˈænsər ˈjuˈɛs.. ər ðeɪ ˈænsər. ju raɪt ɪt. ər ðeɪ raɪt? (si ˈlɛsən 4 fər kˈwɛsʧənz) ɪn ðiz ˈkeɪsɪz, ˈkɑntɛkst ɪz ˈnidɪd tɪ meɪk θɪŋz klɪr, ʤɪst ɛz ˈkɑntɛkst ɪz ˈnidɪd tɪ noʊ ˈwɛðər ɪn ðə ˈsɛntəns si you.”*.” minz wən ər mɔr ˈpərsənz ðət aɪ si. tɪ kəm bæk ðə lɔŋ ˈstɔri frəm əˈbəv, kən ju spɑt ðə ˈɛndɪŋz frəm ˈlɛsən 3 æt ðə ɛnd əv ðə ˈɛndɪŋz əˈbəv? raɪt: həz -si ɛz ɪn ər bɪg. həz ɛz ɪn aɪ æm bɪg. həz -gət ɛz ɪn wi ər bɪg. həz -tɪt ɛz ɪn ju ər bɪg. ɛz ˈmɛnʃənd əˈbəv, minz tɪ hæv ðə seɪm keɪs ˈmɑrkər fər ðə ˈsəbʤɪkt əv ən ˈsɛntəns (aɪ æm bɪg) ənd fər ðə ˈɑbʤɛkt əv ə ˈsɛntəns ˈænsərz mi). ðɪs ˈpætərn kən bi sin hir ənd ɪz ˈprɪti ˈdɪfərənt frəm ˈɪŋlɪʃ. wi wɪl dil wɪθ ðɪs ˈpætərn ɪn ðə nɛkst ˈlɛsənz ɪn mɔr ˈditeɪl. wən læst θɪŋ ɪz, ðət ɪz kənˈsɪdərd ə ˈlæŋgwɪʤ, ðət minz, ðət ˈpərsɪnəl ˈproʊnaʊnz hæv tɪ bi juzd bɪˈkəz ðə ˈvərbəl ˈɛndɪŋz ɔˈrɛdi meɪk ɪt ˈvɛri klɪr wɪʧ ˈpərsənz ər ˌɪnˈvɑlvd. ˈspænɪʃ, fər ɪgˈzæmpəl ɪz ˈɔlsoʊ ə ˈlæŋgwɪʤ, soʊ, ti ˈɑmoʊ aɪ ləv ju ˈoʊnli ɪkˈsprɛsɪz ðə ˈɑbʤɛkt ɛz ə ˈpərsɪnəl ˈproʊnaʊn, nɑt ðə ˈsəbʤɪkt, bɪˈkəz ðə -oʊ ˈɛndɪŋ æt ðə vərb meɪks ɪt klɪr ɪˈnəf ðət ɪt ɪz ðə fərst ˈpərsən ˈsɪŋgjələr. ˈdɪfərz frəm ðɪs ˈɪnsəfɑr ɛz ðə ˈɑbʤɛkt ɪz ˈɔlsoʊ ɛnˈkoʊdɪd ɪn ðə ˈvərbəl ˈɛndɪŋ, soʊ ðət ˈɔlsoʊ ðə ˈɑbʤɛkt ˈproʊnaʊn kən bi lɛft aʊt: aɪ ləv ju. ðə nɛkst ˈlɛsən wɪl bi əˈbaʊt haʊ wi juz naʊnz wɪθ ðiz vərbz. ðɛn, wi wɪl ˈɔlsoʊ hæv tɪ dil wɪθ ɪn mɔr ˈditeɪl.
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so far: lesson 1, lesson 2, lesson 3, lesson 4, lesson 5, lesson 6, lesson 7, lesson 8, lesson 9, lesson 10, lesson 11 and greenlandic stress
learn this course’s words with this memrise course.
text lessons by @tulunnguaq: all his posts.
what you will learn: weak geminating stems #1, transitive verbs #1
weak geminating stems #1
in lesson 7, i first introduced you to weak and strong nouns. in lesson 9, we spoke about slightly irregular weak nouns and in lesson 10, we dealt with possessive nouns. but many weak nouns (some strong nouns, too, though) also have another feature, they geminate the last consonant of the stem when certain endings are applied to it. gemination is the doubling of a consonant so that it is pronounced twice as long. the tricky part here is not only to remember when gemination happens but also how the consonant changes, because a doubled consonant can change its pronunciation completely. you’ve already encountered that in lesson 3, when we spoke about verb stems and their assimilation with the ending -vu- like in sinippoq (coming from sinik+vu+q, where /k+v/ assimilate to /vv/ but i told you there that /vv/ cannot exist as a geminated consonant but changes in verbal paradigms to /pp/ (thus, sinippoq) and in nominal paradigms to /ff/ (for example iga* + -’vik becomes igaffik - kitchen)
let’s get started with easy predictable stuff:
1. all weak nouns ending in -k geminate. (remember, most nouns ending in -k are strong, though.)
2. all nouns ending in -gaq, -raq, -utaq and -seq geminate.
3. all weak nouns ending in -q and -k, lose this consonant everywhere except for the absolutive singular.
4. gemination can only occur when the last consonant of the stem (i. e. before the then vanished -q and -k) is a single consonant (<ng> counts as a single consonant).
5. gemination cannot occur when the ending starts with a vowel or with /r/.
here is a little illustration of the above rules:
1. ujamik - pearl necklace, ends in /-k/, thus, always geminates when the ending starts with a consonant other than /r/. > ujammip - the necklace’s, but ujamika - his/her necklace
2. aalisagaq - fish > aalisakkap - the fish’s; meeraq - child > meeqqap - the child’s; ilaqutaq - family member > ilaquttap - the family member’s; taseq - lake > tatsip - the lake’s (see below for the strange consonant changes)
3+4. qimmeq - dog > qimmit - dogs; it has a double consonant, thus, cannot be geminated. also, it loses its final /q/ except for the absolutive singular. isigak - foot, however, loses its /k/, too, but geminates the single /g/ to /kk/ > isikkat - feet.
5. meeraq - child > meeqqat - children, but meeraa - his/her child (ending is -a), meerarsi - your (pl.) child (ending is -rsi).
these are absolute rules, that apply (almost) always. there are, however, a lot of rules with only high probability about their outcome, whilst having many exceptions, though.
generally, many stems that have a single -g-, -j-, -l-, -m-, -n-, -ng-, -q-, -r-, -s-, -t- in their last syllable geminate. unfortunately, one has to learn exceptions to these by heart, but the information on this can be found in most dictionaries. in the following, you will find a list of examples beginning with the consonants that geminate predictably from the single form, e.g. /t/, to the doubled form, /tt/. the list follows the classical layout of naming the absolutive singular as the basic form, and then giving the ergative singular, the ergative/absolutive plural and the instrumental singular (s. lesson 7).
/m/ becomes /mm/
ameq (skin) > ammip, ammit, ammimik
imaq (sea) > immap, immat, immamik
isuma (meaning) > isummap, isummat, isummamik
/n/ becomes /nn/
kiinaq (face) > kiinnap, kiinnat, kiinnamik
nanoq (polar bear) > nannup, nannut, nannumik
/ng/ becomes /nng/
qingaq (nose) > qinngap, qinngat, qinngamik
sapangaq (pearl) > sapanngap, sapanngat, sapanngamik
/q/ becomes /qq/
niaqoq (head) > niaqqup, niaqqut, niaqqumik
oqaq (tongue) > oqqap, oqqat, oqqamik
/t/ becomes /tt/
avataq (hunting float) > avattap, avattat, avattamik
iperaataq (whip) > iperaattap, iperaattat, iperaattamik
/l/ becomes /ll/ (keep in mind, /ll/ is pronounced [ɬɬ])
uiloq (common mussel) > uillup, uillut, uillumik
ukaleq (arctic hare) > ukallip, ukallit, ukallimik
kalaaleq (greenlander) > kalaallip, kalaallit, kalaallimik
(that is why the equative singular “as a greenlander” used for the language name has gemination “kalaallisut”)
some consonants change, however, when they are geminated. (this is not the rule for all cases, consonant doublings can behave differently depending on the context, in this case it is declension.)
/g/ becomes /kk/
iigaq (wall): *ii gg a- ~ iikka- > iikkap, iikkat, iikkamik
isigak (foot): *isi gg a- ~ isikka- > isikkap, isikkat, isikkamik
putugoq (big toe): *putu gg u- ~ putukku- > putukkup, putukkut, putukkumik
/r/ becomes /qq/
amaroq (wolf): *ama rr u- ~ amaqqu- > amaqqup, amaqqut, amaqqumik
siuteroq (snail): *siute rr u- ~ siuteqqu- > siuteqqup, siuteqqut, siuteqqumik
ujarak (stone): *uja rr a- ~ ujaqqa- > ujaqqap, ujaqqat, ujaqqamik
/s/ becomes /ts/
qarasak (brain): *qara ss a- ~ qaratsa- > qaratsap, qaratsat, qaratsamik
/j/ becomes /ss/ or /ts/
kanajoq (sea scorpion): *kana jj u- ~ kanassu- > kanassup, kanassut, kanassumik
nujaq (head hair): *nu jj a- ~ nutsa- > nutsap, nutsat, nutsamik
tarajoq (salt): *tara jj u- ~ taratsu- > taratsup, taratsut, taratsumik
(actually, there is no double /j/, so it becomes /tt/ or /kk/, in our case it is /tt/ which is in a second change turning into /ss/ or /ts/. which of both cannot be predicted.)
some nouns can be declined differently, sometimes they are geminating, sometimes not, some can be either weak or strong. it depends on the speaker, personal preference, the dialect and the age of the speaker. one example is taleq (see above) which can also be declined as the following:
taleq (arm) > talerup, talerit, talermik
in the next lesson, we will deal with consonants that aren’t represented orthographically, but which become visible when they are geminated.
transitive verbs #1
we have already learned a fair bit about verbs in greenlandic. in lesson 3, you’ve encountered attributive verbs, the three kinds of verb stems and their personal endings, which are the same for intransitive verbs in general. in lesson 4, you learned how to pose questions by changing the endings. and in lesson 7, you’ve already built sentences with the antipassive structure that come close to a transitive meaning. the verb conjugation, however, was the same intransitive building as you learned in lesson 3. in lesson 10, we took an excursion to the similarities between the possessive endings and the transitive verb endings when the object is the third person singular or plural.
transitivity is when the meaning of a verb requires two participants: a subject and an object. the verb “to sleep” is intransitive as it only requires the one participant that sleeps: sinippoq - s/he sleeps. you cannot sleep someone: *sinippaa. - *s/he sleeps him/her . other verbs, however, like “to kill” cannot be expressed without mentioning two participants, the one who kills (the subject, agent) and that who/what is killed (the object). “to kill” means “toqup-” and the sentence “s/he kills him/her.” would be: toquppaa. that is the ending that you have already seen in lesson 10. without context, the intransitive form *toquppoq. - *s/he kills. wouldn’t make much sense.
in general, greenlandic verbs conjugate according to person (i, you, s/he/it, 4th person), number (i vs. we, you vs. y’all, s/he/it vs. they, 4th person vs. 4th persons) and mode (four superordinate modes for main clauses: indicative, interrogative, imperative and optative; and four subordinate modes for dependent clauses: conjunctive, conditional, participative and contemporative). this may sound like a lot, but we will get to that and you have already mastered most of the intransitive indicative and interrogative modes. here is how a chart of mode endings would look like (from the grønlandsk grammatik of flemming a.j. nielsen 2014)
you already know the indicative.intransitive ending +vu- from sentences like “angivugut - we are big”, the negated form (benægtet form) “anginngilagut - we are not big” and the interrogative forms “angivugut? - are we big?”, “angivisi? - are you guys big?” and “angippat? - are they big?” (from the intermediate form angi vv at > angippat), plus their negated forms.
how to build the transitive forms
what we will learn today are the endings for the indicative transitive mode, of which the basic ending is +va-.
as you’ve seen above, transitive verbs do not only agree with the subject (”s/he sleeps”.) but also with the object of the verb, which is unknown to english. there are two ways to explain which ending comes after +va- for which person constellation. the short story will regard the personal endings as monomorphemic for the sake of less confusion. so, when i’d say “i answer you.” the sentence would be “akivakkit.” (akivoq means “s/he answers” and keep in mind that in most dictionaries verb entries are given with the 3. person singular by default, for intransitive verbs the verbal ending of an entry would be +voq and for transitive verbs it would be +vaa s/he–>him/her) the mode ending is +va-, as said above, and the ending that denotes that the verb’s meaning has i as the subject and you as the object (1sg–x–>2sg) is -kkit, so you add +vakkit to the verb stem aki- making akivakkit - i answer you. so, for every possible personal constellation, one ending would have to be learned, that would be 28 in total.
the long story would have to do with ergativity in greenlandic, the agent of the verb takes the ergative case and the object takes the absolutive case. ergativity means that the subject of an intransitive verb has the same case marker as the object of a transitive verb (unlike english, *him sleeps vs. i see him), in this case, the object would have the markers you’ve already encountered in lesson 3. in fact, the endings for the personal constellations (i do xxx to you.) consist of two morphemes that underly so many extra rules that their true character is very often obscure. i will only illustrate this with the ending -kkit (i –> you, see above) which is built according to the following rules: the first part after the mode ending +va- of those endings consists of the agent of the verb’s meaning in the relative case, which would be -ma- in this case. when it is the subject of a transitive verb it gets reduced to -m-. in the next step, we take the second person singular in the absolutive case as the object ending, which would be -tit, and put it after the subject ending, but whenever the subject before it is either the first person singular or plural it becomes -git. this would leave us which: (+va)-m+git. as you may know by now, the consonants would assimilate to the last consonant, which would lead us to (+va)-ggit, but a double /gg/ becomes /kk/ when it is used with inflection (see gemination above), which eventually, makes the whole ending (+va)-kkit. but as this is way too long for the basics in greenlandic transitivity, it should suffice to learn the endings as one morpheme as an intermediate step, which would leave you with 28 endings for all the possible constellations within the indicative mode, instead of 47+ independent endings, that undergo more than 30 rules on how they change forms when they are combined depending on what comes before or after them.
in lesson 10, you’ve already learned some possessive endings, which are also used for whenever a person is doing a verb action to a third person singular or plural. in layman’s term, one can only possess grammatically third person(s). the only catch here: the endings are simpler and always the same (that’s a good catch, yay).
here is how the ending +va- changes according to the verb stem (s. lesson 3):
vowel stem: aki- +va- > akiva- (to answer)
c-stem: allap- +va- > allappa- (to write sth.)
r-stem: atuar- +va- > atuarpa- (to read sth)
object is the third person singular (3.sg.) - thus: him, her, it
1.sg. +ra, i > akivara > i answer him.
2.sg. +t > you > allappat > you write it.
3.sg. +a > s/he > atuarpaa > s/he reads it.
1.pl. +rput > we > allapparput > we write it.
2.pl. +rsi > y’all > akivarsi > y’all answer him.
3.pl. +at > they > atuarpaat > they read it.
object is the third person plural (3.pl.) - thus: them
1.sg. +kka, i > akivakka > i answer them.
2.sg. +tit > you > allappatit > you write them.
3.sg. +i > s/he > atuarpai > s/he reads them.
1.pl. +vut > we > allappavut > we write them.
2.pl. +si > y’all > akivasi > y’all answer them.
3.pl. +it > they > atuarpaat > they read them. (a!-rule)
(as you see, there is no distinction between singular or plural third person object because the /i/ from the plural ending is assimilated to the preceding /a/.)
as mentioned in lesson 10, the similarity between the possessive endings and the endings to mark the object as a third person comes from a structure where the verb’s passive participle was, in fact, possessed: qimmeq > qimmera - my dog vs. akivara - lit. my answered thing (is) he > i answer him. that is the reason why, as i mentioned in the short story of the long explanation above, these endings are really monomorphemic, they only mark the possessor, in this case the subject/agent of the sentence.
now, that we covered all constellations where any person does the verb’s action against/to a third person (sg. or pl.), i will show you what endings are used for the remaining constellations, e.g. you kiss me. keep in mind, though, that reciprocal constellations like i–xxx–>myself/us are another cake that we will deal with later, they cannot be built this way.
that leaves us with the following constellations:
i–>you +kkit > akivakkit > i answer you.
i–>y’all +ssi > akivassi > i answer y’all.
we–>you +tsigit > akivatsigit > we answer you.
we–>y’all +ssi > akivassi > we answer y’all.
you–>me +rma > akivarma > you answer me.
you–>us +tsigut > akivatsigut > you answer us.
y’all–>me +ssinga > akivassinga > y’all answer me.
y’all–>us +tsigut > akivatsigut > y’all answer us.
s/he–>me +anga > akivaanga > s/he answers me.
s/he–>you +aatit > akivaatit > s/he answers you. **
s/he–>us +atigut > akivaatigut > s/he answers us.
s/he–>y’all +asi > akivaasi > s/he answers y’all.
they–>me +anga > akivaanga > they answer me.
they–>you +atsit > akivaatsit > they answer you. **
they–>us +atigut > akivaatigut > they answer us.
they–>y’all +asi > akivaasi > they answer y’all.
** these are the only endings in these last two paradigms where you can distinguish the number of the subject in the 3. person.
whilst in english, almost the whole verbal paradigm has the same form, except for the third person singular (i/you/we/they sleep vs. s/he sleeps), there are fewer forms in greenlandic that are ambiguous:
akivaat. - they answer him or them.
akivassi. - i or we answer y’all.
akivatsigut. - you or y’all answer us.
akivaanga. - s/he or they answer me.
akivaatigut. - s/he or they answer us.
akivaasi. - s/he or they answer y’all.
allappat - you write it. or they write? (see lesson 4 for questions)
in these cases, context is needed to make things clear, just as context is needed to know whether in the sentence “i see you.” means one or more persons that i see.
to come back the long story from above, can you spot the intransitive endings from lesson 3 at the end of the endings above? right:
akivassi has -si as in intransitive angivusi - y’all are big.
akivassinga has -nga as in intransitive angivunga - i am big.
akivatsigut has -gut as in intransitive angivugut - we are big.
akivaatit has -tit as in intransitive angivutit - you are big. as mentioned above, ergativity means to have the same case marker for the subject of an intransitive sentence angivunga (i am big) and for the object of a transitive sentence akivaanga (s/he answers me). this pattern can be seen here and is pretty different from english. we will deal with this pattern in the next lessons in more detail.
one last thing is, that greenlandic is considered a pro-drop language, that means, that personal pronouns don’t have to be used because the verbal endings already make it very clear which persons are involved. spanish, for example is also a pro-drop language, so, te amo - i love you only expresses the object as a personal pronoun, not the subject, because the -o ending at the verb makes it clear enough that it is the first person singular. greenlandic differs from this insofar as the object is also encoded in the verbal ending, so that also the object pronoun can be left out: asavakkit - i love you.
the next lesson will be about how we use nouns with these verbs. then, we will also have to deal with ergativity in more detail.
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bət trænsˈmɪtɪŋ ˈdætə əˈməŋ ˈmoʊbəl foʊnz, ˈtæblət kəmˈpjutərz ənd klaʊdz, ˈivɪn waɪl ɪnˈkrɪptɪd, meɪks ɪt mɔr ækˈsɛsəbəl tɪ sˈnupɪŋ. ðə ˌjʊrəˈpiən ˈjunjən wɔnts tɪ ˈrɛgjəˌleɪt ðə klaʊd ˈivɪn ɪf ðət meɪks ɪts juz mɔr ˈkɑmpləˌkeɪtəd. wən prəˈpoʊzd əˈmɛndmənt wʊd ˌrikˈwaɪər ˈtrænsfərz əv data”*” frəm ə klaʊd ɪn ðə ˌjʊrəˈpiən ˈjunjən tɪ ə klaʊd meɪnˈteɪnd ɪn ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts ər ˈɛlsˌwɛr tɪ əˈkəmpənid wɪθ ə ˌnoʊtəfəˈkeɪʃən tɪ ðə ˈdætə ˈsəbʤɪkt əv səʧ ˈtrænsfər ənd ɪts ˈligəl effects.”*.” əˈnəðər əˈmɛndmənt teɪks ɪt ˈfərðər, ˈbɑrɪŋ səʧ ˈtrænsfərz ənˈlɛs ˈsɛvərəl kənˈdɪʃənz ər mɛt. nɑt ˈoʊnli məst kənˈsɛnt bi prəˈvaɪdɪd baɪ ðə ˈsəbʤɪkt əv ðə ˈdætə, bət ðə ˈpərsən məst bi ɪn klɪr, ˌənæmˈbɪgjəwəs ənd ˈwɔrnɪŋ ˈlæŋgwɪʤ θru ə ˈsɛpərˌeɪt ənd ˈprɑmənəntli ˈvɪzəbəl reference”*” tɪ ˌpɑsəˈbɪləˌti əv ðə ˈpərsɪnəl ˈdætə biɪŋ ˈsəbʤɪkt tɪ ˌɪnˈtɛləʤəns ˈgæðərɪŋ ər sərˈveɪləns baɪ authorities.”*.” ˈlɔˌmeɪkərz ər ˈɔlsoʊ prəˈpoʊzɪŋ tɪ rɪˈvaɪv ən əˈmɛndmənt ðət əˈmɛrɪkən ˈdɪpləˌmæts ˈlɑrʤli səkˈsidɪd ɪn ˈgɪtɪŋ drɑpt frəm ðə ərˈɪʤənəl ˈdætə ˈpraɪvəsi ˌrɛgjəˈleɪʃən ðət wʊd ˌɪmˈpoʊz ˈgaɪˌdlaɪnz fər ˈhændəlɪŋ kɔrt ˈɔrdərz frəm ˈkəntriz ˈaʊtˈsaɪd ðə ˌjʊrəˈpiən ˈjunjən. ðə əˈmɛndmənt rikˈwaɪərz ðə ˈɑpərˌeɪtər əv ˈdætə ˈsərvərz tɪ ˌɪnˈfɔrm boʊθ ə ˈloʊkəl authority”*” ɛz wɛl ɛz ðə ˈsəbʤɪkt əv ðə rɪkˈwɛst, wɪʧ kʊd rən əˈfaʊl əv əˈmɛrɪkən lɔ. ənd ðɛr ər ˈəðər pəˈtɛnʃəl ˈkɑnflɪkts bɪtˈwin ˌjʊrəˈpiən ənd əˈmɛrɪkən lɔz. ðə ˌjʊrəˈpiən kəˈmɪʃən ɪz kənˈsɪdərɪŋ ˌɪmˈpoʊzɪŋ ˈsæŋkʃənz ɔn ˈkəmpəˌniz ðət tərn ˈoʊvər ˈrɛkərdz tɪ əˈmɛrɪkən lɔ ɛnˈfɔrsmənt əˈθɔrətiz ɪf ðə muv ˈvaɪəleɪts ˌjʊrəˈpiən ˈpraɪvəsi ˌrɛgjəˈleɪʃənz.
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but transmitting data among mobile phones, tablet computers and clouds, even while encrypted, makes it more accessible to snooping.
the european union wants to regulate the cloud even if that makes its use more complicated. one proposed amendment would require “all transfers of data” from a cloud in the european union to a cloud maintained in the united states or elsewhere to “be accompanied with a notification to the data subject of such transfer and its legal effects.”
another amendment takes it further, barring such transfers unless several conditions are met. not only must consent be provided by the subject of the data, but the person must be “informed in clear, unambiguous and warning language through a separate and prominently visible reference” to “the possibility of the personal data being subject to intelligence gathering or surveillance by third-country authorities.”
lawmakers are also proposing to revive an amendment that american diplomats largely succeeded in getting dropped from the original data privacy regulation that would impose guidelines for handling court orders from countries outside the european union. the amendment requires the operator of data servers to inform both a local “supervisory authority” as well as the subject of the request, which could run afoul of american law.
and there are other potential conflicts between european and american laws. the european commission is considering imposing sanctions on companies that turn over records to american law enforcement authorities if the move violates european privacy regulations.
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ɪf ə tɔp ˈæfˌgæn əˈfɪʃəl ˈməni kəmz ˈɔfəli ˈizi. fər ˈæfˌgæn ˈprɛzɪdənt həˈmid karzai*, ju ˈivɪn hæv tɪ æsk fər ɪt ər liv jʊr ˈɔfəs, ənd ˈpipəl wɪl ʃoʊ əp wɪθ ˈplæstɪk ˈʃɑpɪŋ bægz fʊl əv kæʃ fər ju. ðə əv cash”*” fəˈnɑməˌnɑn wɑz ənˈveɪld ɪn 2010 wɪn əˈfɪʃəlz rɪˈvild ðət ˌɪˈrɑn wɑz ʃoʊɪŋ əp wɪθ 1 ˈmɪljən ɪn kæʃ ə fju taɪmz ə jɪr fər karzai*. ðə ˈjuˈɛs wɑz ənd ɪz duɪŋ ɪt tu. ðə siaɪeɪ həz noʊˈtɔriəsli bɪn ʃoʊɪŋ əp ɔl ðə taɪm wɪθ money”*” eɪmd æt baɪɪŋ ˈɪnfluəns. keɪm ɪn ˈsikrɪt, ənd ɪt lɛft ɪn secret,”*,” ˈnoʊtɪd ˈfɔrmər ʧif əv stæf. ˈoʊvər ə ˈdɛkeɪd ˈleɪtər, ðə kæʃ ɪz stɪl ˈkəmɪŋ ənd goʊɪŋ, bət wət ˈɪnfluəns ɪf ˈɛni wɑz ˈɛvər ˈæˌkʧuəli bɔt ɪz ənˈklɪr æt bɛst. əˈfɪʃəlz ər ˈkrɪtɪkəl əv ðə ˈpɑləsi, seɪɪŋ ðət tɛnz əv ˈmɪljənz əv ˈjuˈɛs ˈdɔlərz wɪθ noʊ ˈpeɪpərˌwərk wər ˈæˌkʧuəli ə bɪg pɑrt əv haʊ æfˈgænəˌstæn bɪˈkeɪm wən əv ðə moʊst kərəpt ˈneɪʃənz ɪn ˈjumən ˈhɪstəri. ðoʊ ðɛr ɪz əv kɔrs noʊ weɪ əv ˈtrækɪŋ ɔl ðɪs ˈməni, ˈjuˈɛs əˈfɪʃəlz bɪˈliv ðət lɑrʤ əˈmaʊnts wər juzd tɪ braɪb ˌpɑləˈtɪʃənz ənd ˈwɔˌrlɔrdz. ðɪs ɪz haʊ ɔl pəˈlɪtɪkəl ˈbɪznɪs gɪts dən ɪn æfˈgænəˌstæn tɪ ðɪs deɪ, ənd dɪˈspaɪt əˈfɪʃəlz ˌɪnˈsɪstɪŋ ðət ðə ˈməni ɪz ˌɪnˈkrɛdəbli ˈkaʊnərprəˌdəktɪv, ðə siaɪeɪ bægz ər stɪl ʃoʊɪŋ əp ˈrɛgjələrli. læst 5 poʊsts baɪ ˈʤeɪsən
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if you’re a top afghan official money comes awfully easy. for afghan president hamid karzai, you don’t even have to ask for it or leave your office, and people will show up with plastic shopping bags full of cash for you.
the “sacks of cash” phenomenon was unveiled in 2010, when officials revealed that iran was showing up with $1 million in cash a few times a year for karzai. the us was and is doing it too. the cia has notoriously been showing up all the time with “ghost money” aimed at buying influence.
“it came in secret, and it left in secret,” noted karzai’s former chief of staff. over a decade later, the cash is still coming and going, but what influence if any was ever actually bought is unclear at best.
officials are critical of the policy, saying that tens of millions of us dollars with no paperwork were actually a big part of how afghanistan became one of the most corrupt nations in human history. though there is of course no way of tracking all this money, us officials believe that large amounts were used to bribe politicians and warlords.
this is how all political business gets done in afghanistan to this day, and despite officials insisting that the money is incredibly counterproductive, the cia bags are still showing up regularly.
last 5 posts by jason ditz
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““this* ɪz ˌɪrəˈspɑnsəbəl æt bɛst ənd pərˈnɪʃəs æt worst,”*,” ˈnɪkələs ə. ˈæʃfərd, ə prəˈfɛsər əv tɛkˈnɑləʤi ənd ˈpɑləsi æt ðə ˌmæsəˈʧusəts ˈɪnstɪˌtut əv tɛkˈnɑləʤi sɛd əv ðə nu ˈɛfərts tɪ ˈmɛri kɑz ənd kəmˈpjutərz. ənd ˈsædli, ɪt ɪz ə kənˌtɪnjuˈeɪʃən əv ðə pərˈsut əv ˈprɑfɪt ˈoʊvər ˈseɪfti fər boʊθ ˈdraɪvərz ənd pedestrians.”*.” wən ˈsɪstəm ɔn ðə weɪ ðɪs fɔl frəm ˈɔdi lɛts ˈdraɪvərz pʊl əp ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən ɛz ðeɪ draɪv. ˈhɛdɪŋ tɪ ˈmædɪsən skwɛr ˈgɑrdən fər ə ˈbæskətˌbɔl geɪm? pɑp daʊn ðə təʧ pæd, ðə wərd ““knicks”*” ənd gɪt ə ˈwɪkiˌpiˌdiə ˈɛntri ɔn ðə ərˈinə, ˈfoʊˌtoʊz ənd rəvˈjuz əv ˈnɪrˈbaɪ ˈrɛˌstrɑnts, ənd ˌænəˈmeɪʃənz əv ðə weɪz tɪ gɪt ðɛr. ə ˈnoʊtɪs ðət pɑps əp wɪn ðə ˈɔdi ˈsɪstəm ɪz tərnd ɔn ridz: ˈoʊnli juz ðə ˈɔnˌlaɪn ˈsərvɪsɪz wɪn ˈtræfɪk kənˈdɪʃənz əˈlaʊ ju tɪ du soʊ safely.”*.” ðə tɛkˈnɑləʤi ənd kɑr ˈkəmpəˌniz seɪ ðət ˈseɪfti rɪˈmeɪnz ə praɪˈɔrəti. ðeɪ noʊt ðət ðeɪ ər ˈbɪldɪŋ ɪn ər ˈwərkɪŋ ɔn tɛkˈnɑləʤi laɪk vɔɪs kəˈmændz ənd skrinz ðət kən ˌsaɪməlˈteɪniəsli ʃoʊ ə mæp tɪ ðə ˈdraɪvər ənd ə ˈmuvi tɪ ə ˈpæsənʤər, ɛz ɪn ðə nu ˈʤægˌwɑr ər traɪɪŋ tɪ meɪk ðət ˈdraɪvɪŋ ɪkˈspɪriəns wən ðət ɪz ˈvɛri engaging,”*,” sɛd ʤɪm bəʧˈkɔfski, ðə dɪˈrɛktər əv ˈgloʊbəl ɪˈlɛktrɪkəl ənd ˌɪˌlɛkˈtrɑnɪks ˈsɪstəmz ˈɛnʤəˈnɪrɪŋ æt fɔrd ˈɔlsoʊ wɔnt tɪ meɪk ʃʊr ɪt ɪz ˈseɪfər ənd ˈseɪfər. ɪt ɪz pɑrt əv wət ɑr ˈdiˌɛˈneɪ wɪl bi goʊɪŋ forward.”*.” nu ˈsɪstəm lɛts ðə ˈdraɪvər əˈʤəst ˈtɛmpərəʧər ˈsɛtɪŋz ər kɔl ə frɛnd waɪl ðə kɑr ɪz ɪn ˈmoʊʃən, waɪl ɪts ˈbɪlˌtɪn wɛb ˈbraʊzər wərks ˈoʊnli wɪn ðə kɑr ɪz pɑrkt. ˈɔdi sɪz ɪt wɪl ˈsɪmələrli riˈstrɪkt ˈækˌsɛs tɪ ˈkɑmplɛks ənd pəˈtɛnʃəli dɪˈstræktɪŋ ˈfəŋkʃənz. bət ɪn ˈʤɛnərəl, ˈdraɪvərz wɪl bɛr məʧ əv ðə riˌspɑnsəˈbɪləti fər ˈlɪmətɪŋ ðɛr juz əv ðiz dɪˈvaɪsɪz. kəmˈpjutər ʧɪps ənd ˈəðər kəmˈpoʊnənts ˌɪmˈpruv ˈɛvəri jɪr waɪl ˈdrɑpɪŋ ɪn kɔst, əˈlaʊɪŋ ˈkɑrˌmeɪkərz tɪ ˌɪntrəˈdus mɔr səˈfɪstɪˌkeɪtəd dɪˈvaɪsɪz. ˈhɑrmən, beɪst ɪn ˈstæmfərd, kɑn., ənd ə ˈmeɪkər əv səʧ ˈsɪstəmz fər kɑz, həz kriˈeɪtɪd ə pɛr əv haɪɛnd ˌməltiˈmidiə ˈsɪstəmz du aʊt ðɪs jɪr ðət juz ˈpiˈsi ʧɪps frəm ˌɪnˈtɛl ənd səʧ ʧɪps wəns kənˈsumd tu məʧ ɪˌlɛkˈtrɪsəti tɪ bi juzd ɪn kɑz. ˌædvərˈtaɪzmənt kənˈtɪnju ˈrɛdɪŋ ðə meɪn ˈstɔri hæv ˈɔlˌweɪz lʊkt æt ðə ˈpiˈsi ˈmɑrkɪt wɪθ envy,”*,” sɛd ˈsæʧən lawande*, ðə ʧif tɛkˈnɑləʤi ˈɔfɪsər æt ˈhɑrmən, wɪʧ wərks wɪθ ˈɔdi, ˈbiˌɛmˈdəbəlju mərˈseɪdiz, toʊˈjoʊtə ənd ˈəðərz. ˈɔlˌweɪz hæd ðiz greɪt ʧɪps wi kʊd nɑt juz, bət naʊ changing.”*.” ə ˈkɑmplɛks nu ˈdæʃˌbɔrd ˈkɑnsoʊl frəm fɔrd, wɪʧ ɪt plænz tɪ ənˈveɪl ˈθərzˌdeɪ, brɪŋz ðə kɑr ˈfərmli ˈɪntu ðə lænd əv ˌɪˌlɛkˈtrɑnɪk ˈgæʤəts. ðə ˈkələr skrin tɪ ðə lɛft əv ðə spiˈdɑmətər dɪˈspleɪz ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən əˈbaʊt ðə kɑr, laɪk ðə fjuəl ˈlɛvəl, waɪl ə kəmˈpænjən skrin ɔn ðə raɪt ʃoʊz θɪŋz laɪk ðə neɪm əv ə ˈsɛlfoʊn ˈkɔlər ər ðə ˈtaɪtəl əv ðə ˈdɪʤɪtəl sɔŋ faɪl biɪŋ pleɪd. ən təʧ skrin tɑps ðə ˈsɛntrəl ˈkɑnsoʊl, dɪˈspleɪɪŋ θɪŋz laɪk kənˈtroʊl ˈpænəlz ənd, wɪn ðə kɑr ɪz nɑt ˈmuvɪŋ, wɛb ˈpeɪʤɪz. ðə ˈsɪstəm həz ˈwaɪˌfaɪ ˌkeɪpəˈbɪləti, tu u.s.b*. pɔrts ənd ə pleɪs tɪ pləg ɪn ə ˈkiˌbɔrd ɪn ʃɔrt, ˈmɛni əv ðə ˈfiʧərz əv ə ˈstændərd ˈpiˈsi. ˈfoʊˌtoʊ ðə automakers’*’ ˈɛfərts ər bækt baɪ ˈkəmpəˌniz ðət meɪk ʧɪps fər ˈpiˈsiz ənd ðət wɔnt tɪ si ðɛr ˈprɑˌsɛsərz sˈlɑtɪd ˈɪntu ðə 70 ˈmɪljən kɑz soʊld ˈwərldˈwaɪd iʧ jɪr. ər goʊɪŋ tɪ bɪˈkəm ˈprɑbəˌbli ðə moʊst kənˈsumər ˌɪˌlɛkˈtrɑnɪks dɪˈvaɪs wi have,”*,” sɛd ˈmaɪkəl ˈreɪˌfild, ə ˈʤɛnərəl ˈmænɪʤər æt, ə ʧɪp ˈkəmpəˌni ðət ɔn ˈθərzˌdeɪ plænz tɪ əˈnaʊns ə dil wɪθ ˈɔdi. 2010 ju wɪl sɪt ɪn ðiz θɪŋz, ənd ɪt wɪl bi ə ˈtoʊtəli ˈdɪfərənt experience.”*.” ðə ʤaɪənts əv ðə ˈɪndəstri kənˈtɛnd ðeɪ ər ˈgɪvɪŋ kənˈsumərz wət ðeɪ wɔnt ənd ðə θɪŋz ðət ənd ðə ˈɪntərˌnɛt hæv treɪnd ðɛm tɪ ɪkˈspɛkt. ˈnuzˌlɛtər saɪn əp kənˈtɪnju ˈrɛdɪŋ ðə meɪn ˈstɔri pliz ˈvɛrəˌfaɪ jʊr nɑt ə ˈroʊˌbət baɪ ˈklɪkɪŋ ðə bɑks. ˌɪnˈvæləd iˈmeɪl ˈæˌdrɛs. pliz re-enter*. ju məst səˈlɛkt ə ˈnuzˌlɛtər tɪ səbˈskraɪb tɪ. saɪn əp ju wɪl rɪˈsiv iˈmeɪlz kənˈteɪnɪŋ nuz ˈkɑntɛnt ˈəpˌdeɪts ənd pərˈmoʊʃənz frəm ðə nu jɔrk taɪmz. ju meɪ æt ˈɛni taɪm. ju əˈgri tɪ rɪˈsiv ɔˈkeɪʒənəl ˈəpˌdeɪts ənd ˈspɛʃəl ˈɔfərz fər ðə nu jɔrk ˈtaɪmzɪz ˈprɑdəkts ənd ˈsərvɪsɪz. θæŋk ju fər səbˈskraɪbɪŋ. ən ˈɛrər həz əˈkərd. pliz traɪ əˈgɛn ˈleɪtər. vju ɔl nu jɔrk taɪmz ˈnuzˌlɛtərz. ər ɪkˈspɛktɪŋ mɔr ənd mɔr, əˈspɛʃəli ˈbɪznɪs ˈpipəl hu ɪkˈspɛkt tɪ faɪnd ɪn ðə kɑr wət ðeɪ faɪnd ɪn ðɛr smartphone,”*,” sɛd məˈθaɪəs halliger*, ðə ʧif ˈɛnʤəˈnɪr fər ˌməltiˈmidiə ˈɪnərˌfeɪs ˈsɪstəmz. ʃʊd gɪv ðɛm ðə seɪm ər ə ˈbɛtər experience.”*.” ðə ˈməsəl əv ðə kəmˈpjutər ˈɪndəstri ædz ˈpaʊərfəl nu ˈbækɪŋ tɪ ˈɛfərts baɪ ˈkɑrˌmeɪkərz tɪ ˌɪntrəˈdus nu tɛkˈnɑləʤiz ɛz ə sɔrs əv ˈprɑfɪt. wəns ðeɪ prəˈmoʊtəd ədˈvænst ˈstɛriˌoʊz, bət naʊ ˌnævəˈgeɪʃən ənd ˈɪnəˌgreɪtɪd foʊn ˈsɪstəmz ər ðə hɑt ˈaɪtəmz. əˈsum, ɛz moʊst kənˈsumərz du, ðət moʊst kɑz ər əˈlaɪk ɪn tərmz əv laɪn kˈwɑləti ənd ˈseɪfti, ənd ɔl ðə oʊld attributes,”*,” ɑrt spɪˈnɛlə, ən ˈɔtoʊ ˈɪndəstri ˈænəlɪst wɪθ ˈrisərʧ, sɛd. ðə weɪ tɪ dɪˈstɪŋgwɪʃ ˈjɔrsɛlf ɪz θru haɪər tech.”*.” ˌædvərˈtaɪzmənt kənˈtɪnju ˈrɛdɪŋ ðə meɪn ˈstɔri ˈtoʊtəli ˌɪgˈnɔrɪŋ wən əv ðə ki ˈɪʃuz əv ðə fˈjuʧər əv ˈdraɪvɪŋ, wɪʧ ɪz dɪˈstræktɪd driving.”*.” əˈwɛrnəs əv ðət ˈɪʃu ɪz groʊɪŋ. ˈivɪn ɪn 2003 wɪn fjuər ˈpipəl wər ˈməltiˌtæskɪŋ ɪn kɑz, ˈrisərʧərz æt ˈhɑrvərd ˈɛstəˌmeɪtɪd ðət ˈmoʊtərɪsts ˈtɔkɪŋ ɔn ˈsɛlˌfoʊnz kɔzd ˈfeɪtəl ˈæksədənts ənd ˈæksədənts ˌɪnˈvɑlvɪŋ ˈɪnʤəriz ə jɪr. ˈʧɑrli klaʊər, ə ˈrisərʧər æt ðə vərˈʤɪnjə tɛk ˌtrænspərˈteɪʃən ˈɪnstɪˌtut, sɪz ˈmoʊtərɪsts feɪs ə məʧ ˈgreɪtər kræʃ rɪsk wɪn ˈlʊkɪŋ æt ə skrin, ˈivɪn ɪf ɪt ɪz ʤɪst ə ˈsɪmpəl ˈgipiˈɛs mæp. ʃi sɪz ðə ˈoʊvərˌɔl ˈdeɪnʤər fər ˈdraɪvərz wɪl raɪz ɛz skrinz dɪˈlɪvər əˈdɪʃənəl strimz əv ˈdætə. ðə ˈlɔŋgər ə ˈmoʊtərɪst lʊks əˈweɪ frəm ðə roʊd, rɪsk əv kræʃ ər nɪr kræʃ goʊz əp ˌɛkspoʊˈnɛnʃəli nɑt ə ˈlɪniər ˌɪnˈkris, bət exponentially,”*,” mɪz. klaʊər sɛd. wɪn ju stɑrt ˌɪntrəˈdusɪŋ θɪŋz laɪk ˈiˌmeɪl, ˈɪntərˌnɛt ˈækˌsɛs, ˈrɛˌstrɑnt ˈɔpʃənz ər ˈɛniˌθɪŋ laɪk ðət, ðə rɪsk goʊz up.”*.” ˈrɛgjəˌleɪtərz ˈwəri əˈbaʊt ðə dɪˈvɛləpmənts, tu. reɪ ˈlɑhʊd ðə ˌtrænspərˈteɪʃən ˈsɛkrəˌtɛri, sɛd ðə ˈkəmpəˌniz ˌɪnˈvɑlvd wər ɔn ðə rɔŋ træk. aɪˈdiə goʊɪŋ tɪ loʊd ˌɔtəmoʊˈbilz əp wɪθ ɔl kaɪnz əv weɪz tɪ bi dɪˈstræktɪd nɑt ðə dɪˈrɛkʃɪn goʊɪŋ, ənd aɪ wɪl spik aʊt əˈgɛnst it,”*,” hi sɛd. ðə ˈkəmpəˌniz kənˈtɛnd ðət ðeɪ ər kriˈeɪtɪŋ ˈhɛlpfəl ˈsɪstəmz ðət dɪˈspleɪ ˈkruʃəl ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən. ənd ðeɪ ər kwɪk tɪ pɔɪnt aʊt ðət mɔr kəmˈpjutɪŋ paʊər kʊd min ˈbɛtər ˈseɪfti tɛkˈnɑləʤi ɛz wɛl, laɪk ˈsɛnsərz ðət traɪ tɪ prɪˈdɪkt ˈdeɪnʤərəs ˈdraɪvɪŋ ˌsɪʧuˈeɪʃənz. fɔrd ənd ˈɔdi seɪ ðeɪ ɪkˈstɛnsɪvli ˈtɛstɪd ənd twikt ðɛr ˈsɪstəmz tɪ kət daʊn ɔn ðə əˈmaʊnt əv taɪm ðət ˈdraɪvərz spɛnd ˈlʊkɪŋ æt skrinz. bræd, ə ˈspoʊksmən fər ˈɔdi əv əˈmɛrɪkə, sɛd ðət ðɪs ˈtɛstɪŋ wɑz ˈvɑləntɛri. ə lɔt əv ðɪs ɪz soʊ nu, nɑt ə tən əv ˈrɛgjələˌtɔri ˈtɛstɪŋ rikˈwaɪərd, laɪk wʊd bi rikˈwaɪərd wɪθ kræʃ testing,”*,” ˈmɪstər. sɛd. hi ˈædɪd ðət ðə ˈkəmpəˌni wɑz ˈɔlsoʊ ˈhoʊpɪŋ tɪ əˈvɔɪd ˈligəl ˈtrəbəlz, seɪɪŋ, kʊd bi ə ˈligəl ˈɪʃu ɪf ˈsəmˌwən gɪts ˈɪntu ə kɑr ˈæksədənt ənd ðə kɑps bleɪm ðə kɑr ˈkəmpəˌni fər ə ˈsɪstəm tu elaborate.”*.” ˌædvərˈtaɪzmənt kənˈtɪnju ˈrɛdɪŋ ðə meɪn ˈstɔri ˈdærɪn ˈʃɛʧək, ə ˈspoʊksmən fər ˈhɑrmən, sɛd hɪz ˈkəmpəˌni wɑz ˈwərkɪŋ ɔn ˈseɪfti tɛkˈnɑləʤi laɪk vɔɪs ˈsɪstəmz fər ˈlɪsənɪŋ tɪ ənd kəmˈpoʊzɪŋ ˈiˌmeɪl ˈmɛsɪʤɪz. bət hi sɛd ðət ˈspikɪŋ, ðə ˈseɪfti ˈtɛstɪŋ ɪz ˈrɪli ðə riˌspɑnsəˈbɪləti əv ðə automakers.”*.”
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“this is irresponsible at best and pernicious at worst,” nicholas a. ashford, a professor of technology and policy at the massachusetts institute of technology , said of the new efforts to marry cars and computers. “unfortunately and sadly, it is a continuation of the pursuit of profit over safety — for both drivers and pedestrians.”
one system on the way this fall from audi lets drivers pull up information as they drive. heading to madison square garden for a basketball game? pop down the touch pad, finger-scribble the word “knicks” and get a wikipedia entry on the arena, photos and reviews of nearby restaurants, and animations of the ways to get there.
a notice that pops up when the audi system is turned on reads: “please only use the online services when traffic conditions allow you to do so safely.”
the technology and car companies say that safety remains a priority. they note that they are building in or working on technology like voice commands and screens that can simultaneously show a map to the driver and a movie to a front-seat passenger, as in the new jaguar xj .
“we are trying to make that driving experience one that is very engaging,” said jim buczkowski, the director of global electrical and electronics systems engineering at ford . “we also want to make sure it is safer and safer. it is part of what our dna will be going forward.”
ford’s new myford system lets the driver adjust temperature settings or call a friend while the car is in motion, while its built-in web browser works only when the car is parked. audi says it will similarly restrict access to complex and potentially distracting functions. but in general, drivers will bear much of the responsibility for limiting their use of these devices.
computer chips and other components improve every year while dropping in cost, allowing carmakers to introduce more sophisticated devices. harman, based in stamford, conn., and a maker of such systems for cars, has created a pair of high-end multimedia systems due out this year that use full-fledged pc chips from intel and nvidia . such chips once consumed too much electricity to be used in cars.
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“we have always looked at the pc market with envy,” said sachin lawande, the chief technology officer at harman, which works with audi, bmw , mercedes, toyota and others. “they’ve always had these great chips we could not use, but now that’s changing.”
a complex new dashboard console from ford, which it plans to unveil thursday, brings the car firmly into the land of electronic gadgets. the 4.2-inch color screen to the left of the speedometer displays information about the car, like the fuel level, while a companion screen on the right shows things like the name of a cellphone caller or the title of the digital song file being played. an eight-inch touch screen tops the central console, displaying things like control panels and, when the car is not moving, web pages.
the system has wi-fi capability, two u.s.b. ports and a place to plug in a keyboard — in short, many of the features of a standard pc.
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the automakers’ efforts are backed by companies that make chips for pcs and that want to see their processors slotted into the 70 million cars sold worldwide each year.
“cars are going to become probably the most immersive consumer electronics device we have,” said michael rayfield, a general manager at nvidia, a chip company that on thursday plans to announce a deal with audi. “in 2010, you will sit in these things, and it will be a totally different experience.”
the giants of the industry contend they are giving consumers what they want — and the things that smartphones and the internet have trained them to expect.
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“customers are expecting more and more, especially business people who expect to find in the car what they find in their smartphone,” said mathias halliger, the chief engineer for audi’s multimedia interface systems. “we should give them the same or a better experience.”
the muscle of the computer industry adds powerful new backing to efforts by carmakers to introduce new technologies as a source of profit. once they promoted advanced stereos, but now navigation and integrated phone systems are the hot items.
“carmakers assume, as most consumers do, that most cars are alike in terms of line quality and safety, and all the old attributes,” art spinella, an auto industry analyst with cnw research, said. “now the way to distinguish yourself is through higher tech.”
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“but they’re totally ignoring one of the key issues of the future of driving, which is distracted driving.”
awareness of that issue is growing. even in 2003, when fewer people were multitasking in cars, researchers at harvard estimated that motorists talking on cellphones caused 2,600 fatal accidents and 570,000 accidents involving injuries a year.
charlie klauer, a researcher at the virginia tech transportation institute, says motorists face a much greater crash risk when looking at a screen, even if it is just a simple gps map. she says the overall danger for drivers will rise as screens deliver additional streams of data.
the longer a motorist looks away from the road, “the risk of crash or near crash goes up exponentially — not a linear increase, but exponentially,” ms. klauer said. “so when you start introducing things like e-mail, internet access, restaurant options or anything like that, the risk goes up.”
regulators worry about the developments, too. ray lahood , the transportation secretary, said the companies involved were on the wrong track.
“the idea they’re going to load automobiles up with all kinds of ways to be distracted — that’s not the direction we’re going, and i will speak out against it,” he said.
the companies contend that they are creating helpful systems that display crucial information. and they are quick to point out that more computing power could mean better safety technology as well, like sensors that try to predict dangerous driving situations.
ford and audi say they extensively tested and tweaked their systems to cut down on the amount of time that drivers spend looking at screens. brad stertz, a spokesman for audi of america, said that this testing was voluntary.
“because a lot of this is so new, there’s not a ton of regulatory testing that’s required, like would be required with crash testing,” mr. stertz said. he added that the company was also hoping to avoid legal troubles, saying, “it could be a legal issue if someone gets into a car accident and the cops blame the car company for a system that’s too elaborate.”
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darrin shewchuk, a spokesman for harman, said his company was working on safety technology like voice systems for listening to and composing e-mail messages. but he said that “generally speaking, the safety testing is really the responsibility of the automakers.”
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ˈpɔrtər rænʧ, ˈkælɪf. --ˈkaʊnti hɛlθ əˈfɪʃəlz sɛd ˈwɛnzˌdeɪ ðeɪ doʊnt bɪˈliv ðɛr wɪl bi ˈɛni ˈlɔŋˈtərm ˈifɛkts frəm ðə ˈmɛˌθeɪn gæs lik ɪn ðə ˈpɔrtər rænʧ ˈneɪbərˌhʊd əv lɔs ˈænʤəlɪs. ðə gæs həz bɪn spjuɪŋ frəm ə wɛl sɪns ɑkˈtoʊbər. ðə pul əv ˈpipəl əˈfɛktɪd baɪ ðə ˈpɔrtər rænʧ gæs lik ɪz sˈwɛlɪŋ. əˈfɪʃəlz hæv naʊ ˈdəbəld ðə ˌɪmˈpækt zoʊn, ˈædɪŋ ˈθaʊzənz hu ər ˈɛlɪʤəbəl tɪ ˌriˈloʊkeɪt. ˈkælɪf. dɪˈklɛrz steɪt əv ˈimərʤənsi ˈoʊvər gæs lik mɑrk ˈmɔrɪs ɪz ˌdɪˈsaɪdɪŋ ˈwɛðər tɪ liv. "ðɪs ɪz ˌɪmˈpæktɪŋ ðə ˈplænət," sɛd ˈmɔrɪs. "ðɪs ɪz bæd wəts goʊɪŋ ɔn əp ðɛr. ɪt nidz tɪ stɑp ənd ɪt nidz tɪ bi ʃət daʊn." tɪ stɑp ðə lik, ðə juˈtɪləti ˈkəmpəˌni, ˈsəðərn ˌkæləˈfɔrnjə gæs, ɪz ˈdrɪlɪŋ daʊn fit ənd ˈjuzɪŋ ə rɪˈlif wɛl tɪ ˌɪntərˈsɛkt ðə ˈlikɪŋ paɪp ənd pləg ɪt əp. kruz ər biɪŋ ˈvɛri ˈkɛrfəl, ˈdrɪlɪŋ ʤɪst 20 fit ə deɪ. stɪl, əˈnaʊnst ðeɪ ɪkˈspɛkt tɪ hæv ðə lik pləgd baɪ ðə ɛnd əv ˈfɛbruˌɛri. ˈkɑŋgrəsmən bɛn ˈʃərmən sɛd ɪf ðə fərst rɪˈlif wɛl ˈdəzənt wərk, ðeɪ wɪl kip traɪɪŋ ənˈtɪl ðə lik ɪz pləgd. "ju gɑt tɪ kip traɪɪŋ tɪ sil ðɪs ənˈtɪl ˈiðər ðə fild ɪz ˈɛmti ər ðə lik ɪz pləgd," sɛd ˈkɑŋgrəsmən bɛn ˈʃərmən. "ɪf ɪt ʤɪst kips ˈlikɪŋ, ɪt goʊz fər ə jɪr." ðə ˈmɛˌθeɪn gæs lɛd həz ðə ɛŋ ˈfæməli ˈlɪvɪŋ ɪn ə hoʊˈtɛl rum ˈsiˌbiˌɛs nuz ðə ɛŋ ˈfæməli əv eɪt ɪz ˈlɪvɪŋ aʊt əv ˈsutˌkeɪsɪz ɪn ə hoʊˈtɛl. "ðə kɪdz wər ɪkˈspɪriənsɪŋ noʊz blidz ənd ˈstəmək eɪks. ɪt wɑz bɪˈkəz əv ðɛm ðət wi ˈæˌkʧuəli ˌdɪˈsaɪdɪd tɪ meɪk ðə dɪˈsɪʒən tɪ muv aʊt ənd ˌriˈloʊkeɪt aʊt əv ˈpɔrtər rænʧ," ˈlɛsli ɛŋ ɪkˈspleɪnd.
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porter ranch, calif. --county health officials said wednesday they don't believe there will be any long-term effects from the methane gas leak in the porter ranch neighborhood of los angeles. the gas has been spewing from a well since october.
the pool of people affected by the porter ranch gas leak is swelling. officials have now doubled the impact zone, adding thousands who are eligible to relocate.
calif. declares state of emergency over gas leak
mark morris is deciding whether to leave.
"this is impacting the planet," said morris. "this is bad what's going on up there. it needs to stop and it needs to be shut down."
to stop the leak, the utility company, southern california gas, is drilling down 8,000 feet and using a relief well to intersect the leaking pipe and plug it up. crews are being very careful, drilling just 20 feet a day.
still, socalgas announced they expect to have the leak plugged by the end of february.
congressman ben sherman said if the first relief well doesn't work, they will keep trying until the leak is plugged.
"you got to keep trying to seal this until either the field is empty or the leak is plugged," said congressman ben sherman. "if it just keeps leaking, it goes for a year."
the methane gas lead has the eng family living in a hotel room cbs news
the eng family of eight is living out of suitcases in a hotel.
"the kids were experiencing nose bleeds and stomach aches. it was because of them that we actually decided to make the decision to move out and relocate out of porter ranch," leslie eng explained.
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stæn ˈhɪltən, ðə læst sərˈvaɪvɪŋ ˈbrɪtən hu fɔt ɪn ðə ˈlɛʤənˌdɛri ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl brɪˈgeɪdz ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə ˈspænɪʃ ˈsɪvəl wɔr, daɪd təˈdeɪ [ˈfraɪˌdeɪ 21 ɑkˈtoʊbər 2016 ɪn ɔˈstreɪljə, ˈeɪʤɪd 98 stæn wɑz ə ˈmərʧənt ˈsimən wɪn hi ʤəmpt ʃɪp ɪn ðə pɔrt əv ɪn noʊˈvɛmbər 1937 ˈspænɪʃ ˈpipəl ˈnidɪd help,’*,’ hi ˈleɪtər ɪkˈspleɪnd. wɑz ðə raɪt θɪŋ tɪ do.’*.’ hi meɪd hɪz weɪ tɪ ənd ˌɛnˈlɪstɪd wɪθ ðə ˈbrɪtɪʃ bəˈtæljən əv ðə ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl brɪˈgeɪd. hi sɔ ˈækʃən ðət ˈwɪntər əraʊnd teruel*. ðɛn ɪn ðə spərɪŋ əv 1938 ðə bəˈtæljən wɑz ˈrutɪd ɛz ˈʤɛnərəl ˈfɔrsɪz, ˈeɪdɪd baɪ trups sɛnt baɪ ˌmusoʊˈlini ənd baɪ ˈkɑndər ˈliʤən, swɛpt θru ənd ˌkætəˈloʊnjə. wɑz ˈɛvəri mæn fər himself’*’, sɛd stæn, hu ɪˈvɛnʧəwəli riʧt ˌbɑrsɪˈloʊnə, wɛr hi kɔt ə ʃɪp hoʊm. bɔrn ɪn newhaven*, ˈsəsɪks, ɔn 31 dɪˈsɛmbər 1917 stæn ˈhɪltən wɛnt ɔn tɪ sərv ɪn ðə ˈmərʧənt ˈneɪvi θruaʊt ðə ˈsɛkənd wərld wɔr. ɪn 1956 hi ˈɛməˌgreɪtɪd wɪθ hɪz ˈfæməli tɪ ɔˈstreɪljə, wɛr hi wərkt ˈmoʊstli ɛz ə ɪn ðə ˈbɪldɪŋ treɪd. hi daɪd ɪn ə ˈnərsɪŋ hoʊm ɪn ˈoʊʃən groʊv, nɪr ˈmɛlbərn. səm ˌvɑlənˈtɪrz frəm ðə ˈbrɪtɪʃ aɪlz ʤɔɪnd ðə ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl brɪˈgeɪdz ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə ˈsɪvəl wɔr əv ənd 526 əv ðɛm daɪd ɪn ðə ˈbɪtər wɔr ðət sɔ ðə ɪˈlɛktɪd ˈgəvərnmənt əv ðə ˈspænɪʃ riˈpəblɪk ˈtɑpəld baɪ ə ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri rɪˈbɛljən. əˈnaʊnsɪŋ ðə nuz, ðə ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl brɪˈgeɪd məˈmɔriəl trəst (ibmt*) sɛd ðə dɛθ əv ðə læst ˈbrɪtɪʃ ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl brɪˈgeɪd ˈvɛtərən mɑrkt ðə ɛnd əv ən ˈɪrə. ˈsɛkrəˌtɛri ʤɪm ʤəmp sɛd stæn ˈhɪltən hæd hɛlpt raɪt ə praʊd ˈʧæptər ɪn ˈbrɪtɪʃ ˈsɛnʧəri ˈhɪstəri. hi ˈædɪd: ðɛr oʊn ˈgəvərnmənt lʊkt ðə ˈəðər weɪ ənd rɪfˈjuzd tɪ goʊ tɪ ðə eɪd əv ə ˈfɛloʊ dɪˈmɑkrəsi, ðə mɛn ənd ˈwɪmən frəm ˈbrɪtən hu ʤɔɪnd ðə ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl brɪˈgeɪdz dɪd ˈsəmθɪŋ tɪ ˈsælvɪʤ ðɛr ˈɑnər ənd ˌrɛpjəˈteɪʃən. ənd ðə ˈəðər ˌvɑlənˈtɪrz wɪl goʊ daʊn ɪn ˈhɪstəri ɛz ðə fərst ˈbrɪtɪʃ ˈsoʊlʤərz tɪ kənˈfrənt ˈhɪtlər ənd ˌmusoʊˈlini ɔn ðə ˈbætəlˌfild. ɪn duɪŋ soʊ ðeɪ ˈɔlsoʊ sɛt ən ɪgˈzæmpəl əv ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl ˌsɑləˈdɛrəti ənd anti-fascism.’*.’ ˈpoʊstɪd ɔn 21 ɑkˈtoʊbər 2016
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stan hilton, the last surviving briton who fought in the legendary international brigades during the spanish civil war, died today [friday 21 october 2016] in australia, aged 98.
stan was a 19-year-old merchant seaman when he jumped ship in the port of alicante in november 1937. ‘the spanish people needed help,’ he later explained. ‘it was the right thing to do.’
he made his way to albacete and enlisted with the british battalion of the 15th international brigade. he saw action that winter around teruel. then in the spring of 1938 the battalion was routed as general franco’s forces, aided by troops sent by mussolini and by hitler’s condor legion, swept through aragón and catalonia.
‘it was every man for himself’, said stan, who eventually reached barcelona, where he caught a ship home.
born in newhaven, sussex, on 31 december 1917, stan hilton went on to serve in the merchant navy throughout the second world war. in 1956 he emigrated with his family to australia, where he worked mostly as a tiler in the building trade. he died in a nursing home in ocean grove, near melbourne.
some 2,500 volunteers from the british isles joined the international brigades during the civil war of 1936-39, and 526 of them died in the bitter war that saw the elected government of the spanish republic toppled by a fascist-backed military rebellion.
announcing the news, the london-based international brigade memorial trust (ibmt) said the death of the last british international brigade veteran marked the end of an era.
ibmt secretary jim jump said stan hilton had helped write a proud chapter in british 20th century history.
he added: ‘while their own government looked the other way and refused to go to the aid of a fellow democracy, the men and women from britain who joined the international brigades did something to salvage their country’s honour and reputation.
‘stan and the other volunteers will go down in history as the first british soldiers to confront hitler and mussolini on the battlefield. in doing so they also set an unequalled example of international solidarity and anti-fascism.’
posted on 21 october 2016.
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ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃənz hæv ˌɪnˈtɛnsɪˌfaɪd ˈɪntu ˈprɛzɪdənt ˈdɑnəld trəmps sækt ˈnæʃənəl sɪˈkjʊrəti ædˈvaɪzər, ˈmaɪkəl flɪn, wɪθ ðə ˈpɛnɪˌgɑn ˈwɑʧˌdɔg ˈʤɔɪnɪŋ ˈlɔˌmeɪkərz ɪn ˈproʊbɪŋ ˈpeɪmənts hi ækˈsɛptɪd frəm ˈfɔrən ˈsɔrsəz ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ə ˈrəʃən ˌtɛləˈvɪʒən ˈnɛtˌwərk. æt ðə seɪm taɪm, ˈdɑkjəmənts riˈlist ɔn ˈθərzˌdeɪ baɪ ðə tɔp ˈdɛməˌkræt ɔn ə haʊs ˈoʊvərˌsaɪt kəˈmɪti ʃoʊd flɪn wɑz wɔrnd baɪ əˈθɔrətiz ˈæftər hi rɪˈtaɪrd frəm ðə ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri ɪn 2014 nɑt tɪ teɪk ˈfɔrən ˈməni wɪˈθaʊt "ədˈvæns əˈpruvəl" frəm ðə ˈpɛnɪˌgɑn. flɪn, ə ˈfɔrmər ˈɑrmi luˈtɛnənt ˈʤɛnərəl ənd dɪˈfɛns ˌɪnˈtɛləʤəns ˈeɪʤənsi ʧif, ˈleɪtər ækˈsɛptɪd tɛnz əv ˈθaʊzənz əv ˈdɔlərz fər hɪz wərk ɔn bɪˈhæf əv ˈfɔrən ˈɪntərɪsts, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ, ðə ˈrəʃən ˈtɛləˌvɪʒən ˈnɛtˌwərk, ənd ə ˈkəmpəˌni lɪŋkt tɪ ˈtərkiz ˈgəvərnmənt. ðə ˈpɛnɪˌgɑnz ˈæktɪŋ ˌɪnˈspɛktər ˈʤɛnərəlz ˈɔfəs kənˈfərmd ɔn ˈθərzˌdeɪ hi həz lɔnʧt ən ˌɪnkˈwaɪˌri ˈɪntu ˈwɛðər ðoʊz ˈpeɪmənts kˈwɑləˌfaɪ ɛz ˈkəmɪŋ frəm ˈfɔrən ˈgəvərnmənts ənd ˈwɛðər flɪn ˈprɑpərli ˌɪnˈfɔrmd ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri əˈθɔrətiz əˈbaʊt ðɛm. ˈpitər ˈmæθjuz, ə pəˈlɪtɪkəl saɪəns prəˈfɛsər æt ˈsaɪprɪs ˈkɑlɪʤ, sɛd flɪn ʃʊd hæv ˈɛksərˌsaɪzd ˈɛkstrə ˈkɔʃən ɛz ˈfɔrmər ˈɔfɪsərz səʧ ɛz ɪm kən bi kɔld bæk tɪ sərv ˈæktɪv ˈduti æt ˈɛni taɪm, fər ɪgˈzæmpəl ɪf wɔr breɪks aʊt. "ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə taɪm ðeɪ ər rɪˈtaɪrd, ðeɪ ˈʃʊdənt hæv ˈɛni ˌɑbləˈgeɪʃənz tɪ ˈfɔrən ˈgəvərnmənts ər ˈkəntriz baɪ ˈteɪkɪŋ ˈməni frəm ðoʊz ˈfɔrən ˈsɔrsəz," ˈmæθjuz toʊld æl ʤəˈzirə. trəmp faɪərd flɪn ɪn ˈfɛbruˌɛri fər ˈfeɪlɪŋ tɪ ˌɪnˈfɔrm ˈsinjər ædˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃən əˈfɪʃəlz əˈbaʊt hɪz ˈkɑnˌtækts wɪθ ˈrəʃən əˈfɪʃəlz ˈkɑnˌtækts ðət ər biɪŋ ɪgˈzæmənd ɛz pɑrt əv ðə ˈwaɪdər ˌɪnkˈwaɪəriz ˈɪntu ˈrəʃən ˈmɛdəlɪŋ ɪn ðə 2016 ˌprɛzɪˈdɛnʃəl kæmˈpeɪn. ðə waɪt haʊs dɪˈfɛndɪd ɪts ˈhaɪrɪŋ əv flɪn ənd əˈtɛmptəd tɪ ʃɪft bleɪm fər ˈɛni ˈprɑbləmz wɪθ hɪz ˈvɛtɪŋ ˈɔntu ðə ˌoʊˈbɑmə ædˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃən, wɪʧ ˈhændəld ðə əv hɪz sɪˈkjʊrəti ˈklɪrəns ɪn ˈʤænjuˌɛri 2016 'boʊld ˈwɔrnɪŋ' ɛˈlaɪʤə ˈkəmɪŋz, hu riˈlist ðə ˈdɑkjəmənts ʃoʊɪŋ flɪn wɑz wɔrnd, sɛd ˈdʊrɪŋ ə nuz ˈkɑnfərəns ðət flɪn hæd bɪn ˈklɪrli ˌɪnˈfɔrmd hi ˈnidɪd tɪ gɪt pərˈmɪʃən tɪ rɪˈsiv ˈfɔrən ˈpeɪmənts ənd ðɛr ɪz noʊ ˈɛvədəns hi dɪd soʊ. "ðə ˈpɛnɪˌgɑnz ˈwɔrnɪŋ tɪ ˈʤɛnərəl flɪn wɑz boʊld, ənd kʊd nɑt hæv bɪn ˈklɪrər," ˈkəmɪŋz sɛd. ɪn ə ki 2014 ˈdɑkjəmɛnt, flɪn wɑz toʊld baɪ ə dɪˈfɛns ˌɪnˈtɛləʤəns ˈeɪʤənsi əˈfɪʃəl ðət ðə ˈjuˈɛs ˌkɑnstɪˈtuʃənz prəˈvɪʒən proʊˈhɪbəts ˈɛni ˈmɑnəˌtɛri ˈpeɪmənts ər gɪfts "frəm ə ˈfɔrən ˈgəvərnmənt ənˈlɛs kənˈgrɛʃənəl kənˈsɛnt ɪz fərst əbˈteɪnd". ˈərliər ðɪs wik, ˈkəmɪŋz ənd rɪˈpəblɪkən ˈʤeɪsən chaffetz*, ˈʧɛrmən əv ðə haʊs kəˈmɪti, sɛd ðət ðeɪ hæd faʊnd noʊ ˈɛvədəns flɪn æst ðə ˈɑrmi fər pərˈmɪʃən tɪ rɪˈsiv ˈfɔrən ˈpeɪmənts ər ˌɪnˈfɔrmd ðə ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri hi hæd ækˈsɛptɪd ðɛm. ˈɑrmi ˈspoʊksˌwʊmən ˈsɪnθiə oʊ. smɪθ sɛd ðə ˈɑrmi hæd noʊ ˈrɛkərdz ðət flɪn rɪkˈwɛstɪd ðət pərˈmɪʃən. wən ˈɛpɪˌsoʊd ɪn kˈwɛʃən ˌɪnˈvɑlvz ə trɪp hi tʊk tɪ ˈmɔˌskaʊ ɪn 2015 fər ˌænəˈvərsəri ˌsɛləˈbreɪʃən. hi wɑz peɪd æt list tɪ əˈtɛnd ðə ˈgælə æt wɪʧ hi wɑz ˈsitɪd nɛkst tɪ ˈrəʃən ˈprɛzɪdənt vˈlædəmɪr ˈputɪn. ˈtərkɪʃ ˈpeɪmənts ɪn ə ˈsteɪtmənt, əˈtərni ˈrɑbərt ˈkɛlnər sɛd ðə dɪˈfɛns dɪˈpɑrtmənt "wɑz ˈfʊli əˈwɛr əv ðə trɪp," ˈsaɪtɪŋ hɪz ˈpriviəs ˈsteɪtmənts ðət hɪz klaɪənt brift ˈdiə əˈfɪʃəlz ˌbiˈfɔr ənd ˈæftər ðə trɪp. ˈkɛlnər ˈɔlsoʊ ˈpɔɪntɪd tɪ ə ˈlɛtər, riˈlist ɪn rɪˈdæktɪd fɔrm baɪ ˈkəmɪŋz, ðət noʊts ðət flɪn prəˈvaɪdɪd ə θəm draɪv tɪ ðə ˈeɪʤənsi kənˈteɪnɪŋ ˈdɑkjəmənts dɪˈteɪlɪŋ ðə ɪˈvɛnt, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ðət ˈlidɪŋ əˈθɔrətiz, ə ˈspikərz ˈbjʊroʊ ðət ˈhændəld peɪd ˈspiʧɪz, wɑz ˈhændəlɪŋ ðə ɪˈvɛnt fər ɪm. flɪn həz ˈpriviəsli dɪˈskloʊzd hi gɑt bɪtˈwin ənd ɛz pɑrt əv hɪz ˈpərsɪnəl steɪk ɪn ðət hɪz ˈkəmpəˌni, flɪn ˌɪnˈtɛl grup, rɪˈsivd fər kənˈsəltɪŋ wərk læst jɪr fər ə ˈtərkɪʃ ˈbɪznɪsˌmæn. læst mənθ fərm faɪld ɛz ə ˈfɔrən ˈeɪʤənt wɪθ ðə ˈʤəstɪs dɪˈpɑrtmənt fər ɪts kənˈsəltɪŋ wərk ənd ækˈnɑlɪʤd ðə wərk meɪ hæv ˈbɛnəˌfɪtɪd ðə ˈgəvərnmənt əv ˈtərki. klaɪənt, bv*, ɪz oʊnd baɪ ə ˈbɪznɪsˌmæn hu ɪz ˈɔlsoʊ ə ˈmɛmbər əv ə kəˈmɪti ˈoʊvərˌsin baɪ ˈtərkiz ˈfaɪˌnæns ˈmɪnɪstri. ɪn ˈkɑmɛnts tɪ ðə əˈsoʊʃiˌeɪtəd prɛs, ˈjuˌtɔ rɪˈpəblɪkən chaffetz*, ˈʧɛrmən əv ðə kəˈmɪti ɔn ˈoʊvərˌsaɪt ənd ˈgəvərnmənt rɪˈfɔrm, sɛd ðət flɪn "hæd ən ˌɑbləˈgeɪʃən tɪ sik əˈpruvəl tɪ teɪk ˈməni frəm ə ˈfɔrən ˈgəvərnmənt. wi faʊnd noʊ ˈɛvədəns ðət hi dɪd ðət." ðə kəˈmɪtiz ˌɪnkˈwaɪˌri ɪz wən əv ˈsɛvərəl kənˈgrɛʃənəl ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃənz ˈɪntu ˈkɑnˌtækts wɪθ ˈfɔrən əˈfɪʃəlz. ɔn ˈθərzˌdeɪ, waɪt haʊs prɛs ˈsɛkrəˌtɛri ʃɔn ˈspaɪsər rɪˈbəft ˈkrɪtɪˌsɪzəm frəm ˈkəmɪŋz ðət ðə waɪt haʊs wɑz ˈkəvərɪŋ əp. æst əˈbaʊt trəmp ædˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃən ˈvɛtɪŋ, ˈspaɪsər əˈpɪrd tɪ ʃɪft bleɪm ˈɔntu ðə ˌoʊˈbɑmə ædˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃən, wɪʧ hæd faɪərd flɪn ɛz hɛd əv ðə ˈdiə. "waɪ wʊd ju ə ˈbækˌgraʊnd ʧɛk ɔn ˈsəmˌwən hu ɪz ðə hɛd əv ðə dɪˈpɑrtmənt əv dɪˈfɛns ˌɪnˈtɛləʤəns ˈeɪʤənsi ðət hæd ənd dɪd meɪnˈteɪn ə ˌhaɪˈlɛvəl sɪˈkjʊrəti ˈklɪrəns?" ˈspaɪsər æst. hi ˈnoʊtɪd ðət sɪˈkjʊrəti ˈklɪrəns wɑz rɪˈnud ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə ˌoʊˈbɑmə ædˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃən "wɪθ ɔl əv ðə ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən ðæts biɪŋ dɪˈskəst ðət əˈkərd ɪn 2015
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investigations have intensified into president donald trump's sacked national security adviser, michael flynn, with the pentagon watchdog joining lawmakers in probing payments he accepted from foreign sources including a russian state-sponsored tv network.
at the same time, documents released on thursday by the top democrat on a house oversight committee showed flynn was warned by authorities after he retired from the military in 2014 not to take foreign government-sourced money without "advance approval" from the pentagon.
flynn, a former army lieutenant general and defense intelligence agency chief, later accepted tens of thousands of dollars for his work on behalf of foreign interests, including rt, the state-supported russian television network, and a turkish-owned company linked to turkey's government.
the pentagon's acting inspector general's office confirmed on thursday he has launched an inquiry into whether those payments qualify as coming from foreign governments and whether flynn properly informed military authorities about them.
peter mathews, a political science professor at cypress college, said flynn should have exercised extra caution as former officers such as him can be called back to serve active duty at any time, for example if war breaks out.
"during the time they are retired, they shouldn't have any obligations to foreign governments or countries by taking money from those foreign sources," mathews told al jazeera.
trump fired flynn in february for failing to inform senior administration officials about his contacts with russian officials - contacts that are being examined as part of the wider inquiries into russian meddling in the 2016 presidential campaign.
the white house defended its hiring of flynn and attempted to shift blame for any problems with his vetting onto the obama administration, which handled the reissuance of his security clearance in january 2016.
'bold warning'
elijah cummings, who released the documents showing flynn was warned, said during a news conference that flynn had been clearly informed he needed to get permission to receive foreign payments and there is no evidence he did so.
"the pentagon's warning to general flynn was bold, italicised and could not have been clearer," cummings said.
in a key 2014 document, flynn was told by a defense intelligence agency official that the us constitution's emoluments provision prohibits any monetary payments or gifts "from a foreign government unless congressional consent is first obtained".
earlier this week, cummings and republican jason chaffetz, chairman of the house committee, said that they had found no evidence flynn asked the army for permission to receive foreign payments or informed the military he had accepted them.
army spokeswoman cynthia o. smith said the army had no records that flynn requested that permission.
one episode in question involves a trip he took to moscow in 2015 for rt's anniversary celebration. he was paid at least $33,750 to attend the gala at which he was seated next to russian president vladimir putin.
turkish payments
in a statement, flynn's attorney robert kelner said the defense department "was fully aware of the trip," citing his previous statements that his client briefed dia officials before and after the rt trip.
kelner also pointed to a letter, released in redacted form by cummings, that notes that flynn provided a thumb drive to the agency containing documents detailing the rt event, including that leading authorities, a speakers bureau that handled flynn's paid speeches, was handling the event for him.
flynn has previously disclosed he got between $50,000 and $100,000 as part of his personal stake in $530,000 that his company, flynn intel group, received for consulting work last year for a turkish businessman.
last month flynn's firm filed as a foreign agent with the justice department for its consulting work and acknowledged the work may have benefited the government of turkey.
flynn's client, inovo bv, is owned by a businessman who is also a member of a committee overseen by turkey's finance ministry.
in comments to the associated press, utah republican chaffetz, chairman of the committee on oversight and government reform, said that flynn "had an obligation to seek approval to take money from a foreign government. we found no evidence that he did that."
the committee's inquiry is one of several congressional investigations into flynn's contacts with foreign officials.
on thursday, white house press secretary sean spicer rebuffed criticism from cummings that the white house was covering up. asked about trump administration vetting, spicer appeared to shift blame onto the obama administration, which had fired flynn as head of the dia.
"why would you re-run a background check on someone who is the head of the department of defense intelligence agency that had and did maintain a high-level security clearance?" spicer asked.
he noted that flynn's security clearance was renewed during the obama administration "with all of the information that's being discussed that occurred in 2015".
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ə ˈtiˌneɪʤər həz bɪn ərˈɛstɪd ˈæftər tu mɛn ɔn ə ˈmoʊpɛd ˈkɛrid aʊt faɪv ˈæsədz əˈtæks ɪn ˈləndən ðət ˈlæstɪd lɛs ðən 90 ˈmɪnəts, pəˈlis seɪ. wən ˈvɪktɪm wɑz lɛft wɪθ "ˈlaɪfˌʧeɪnʤɪŋ" ˈɪnʤəriz ˈæftər biɪŋ daʊst leɪt ɔn ˈθərzˌdeɪ naɪt ɪn ðə ist əv ðə ˈkæpɪtəl, ðə ˌmɛtrəˈpɑlətən pəˈlis sɛd. ðə əˈsɔlts əˈpɪrd tɪ bi lɪŋkt ənd tu ˌɪnˈvɑlvd ˈvɪktɪmz ˈhævɪŋ ðɛr ˈmoʊpɛdz ˈstoʊlən. ðə sin əv wən əv ðə kraɪmz. (tˈwɪtər) ə meɪl ˈtiˌneɪʤər həz bɪn ərˈɛstɪd ɔn səˈspɪʃən əv ˈgrivəs ˈbɑdəli hɑrm ənd ˈrɑbəri. wən əv ðə ˈvɪktɪmz, ə mæn ɔn ə ˈmoʊpɛd, ˈsəfərd ˈɪnʤəriz tɪ hɪz feɪs wɪn tu meɪl ˈraɪdərz ɔn əˈnəðər ˈmoʊpɛd θru ə kərˈoʊsɪv ˈsəbstəns ɪn hɪz feɪs. wən əv ðə mɛn ðɛn stoʊl ðə ˈvɪktɪmz ˈviɪkəl ənd ðə ˈəðər kənˈtɪnjud tɪ draɪv əˈweɪ ɪn ðə ˈmoʊpɛd ðeɪ əraɪvd ɔn. lɛs ðən ən aʊər ˈleɪtər, ə kərˈoʊsɪv ˈsəbstəns wɑz rɪˈpɔrtədli θroʊn ɪn ə ˈpərsənz feɪs ɔn haɪ strit. ðə ˈvɪktɪm wɑz ˈteɪkən tɪ ˈhɑˌspɪtəl bət ðɛr ˈɪnʤəriz ər nɑt bɪˈlivd tɪ bi ˈlaɪfθˌrɛtnɪŋ. ˈmɪnəts ˈæftər ðɪs əˈtæk, pəˈlis wər kɔld tɪ ə ˈrɑbəri ɪn ˈkæzəˌnoʊv roʊd, stoʊk newington*, wɛr ə kərˈoʊsɪv ˈsəbstəns hæd ˈɔlsoʊ bɪn θroʊn. ɪn ə fɔrθ ˈɪnsədənt ɪn ˈklæptən, ə mæn ɔn ə ˈmoʊpɛd hæd ˈlɪkwɪd spreɪd ɪn hɪz feɪs baɪ tu mɛn ˈɔlsoʊ ɔn ə ˈmoʊpɛd, ˌbiˈfɔr hɪz ˈviɪkəl wɑz ˈstoʊlən. ðə ˈvɪktɪm wɑz ˈteɪkən tɪ ˈhɑˌspɪtəl. pəˈlis ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃənz ər ˈɔnˌgoʊɪŋ. ju kən gɪt ˈbreɪkɪŋ nuz əˈlərts wɪn ə ˈmeɪʤər ˈstɔri ˈhæpənz nɪr ju baɪ ˈdaʊnˌloʊdɪŋ ðə əˈlərts æp, əˈveɪləbəl ɔn ˈaɪˌfoʊn ənd ˈænˌdrɔɪd. wɪθ ənd afp*. naɪn ˈdɪʤɪtəl taɪ ˈɛlˈtiˈdi 2019
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