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john buccigross explains the nhl's hard salary cap and how this will affect lightning c steven stamkos when he reaches free agency after this season. (0:59)
there was a time when jan. 1 was a chance to reboot, resurface and renew one's soul. new year's day was the time to wipe the ice clean and focus on self-improvement and goal setting.
for some of us, that time is now october, when the new hockey year begins.
early morning wake-up calls and trips to the rink are back.
the stench emanating from equipment bags in the trunk and eight half-filled gatorade bottles rolling around the floor of the back seat are back.
the breathing of zamboni fumes and high bloodessure from the kid who never passes are back.
the nhl and #cawlidgehawkey are back.
hockey is back. happy new year.
the state of hockey is excellent. there is growth in numbers and skill, and usa hockey had a record 533,172 players registered last year. in 1990, that number was 195,125.
college hockey welcomes its 60th division i member in arizona state, which has potential to be a trailblazer for a future pac-12 hockey conference. college hockey administrators met with california nhl owners this summer to discuss being a part of thatocess. and, once again, the nhl welcomes another wave of elite talent to further deepen a rich roster of skill, much of it still under 30 years old.
the game is healthy, well-run and ready for more growth. it's a great time to be a hockey fan.
i do wish the net was bigger and more goals were scored, more payoff for the amazing athleticism on display every night that is sometimes suffocated by too few scoring chances. wayne and mario and bobby and bossy had better conditions for cashing in on their amazing skill and thus enriched the game with jaw-dropping goals that led to legend status. legends mark the past like a great song or work of art. the nhl should keep pushing for legends. it's good for business. it needs a little more offense.
reigning scoring champ jamie benn and other stars need more room to score and excite fans. jerome miron/usa today sports
fans getting out of their seats more often is a good thing, especially with fighting down across the league. a couple of fights a night got people to stand up in a chorus ofimal screams. it was good, not-so-clean fun, regular-season entertainment. the acknowledgement of fighting's risks and inherent dangers will soon render it extinct.
we need more scoring to get people out of their seats from october through april. paying a few hundred bucks for a family to see a regular-season game in which the final score is 2-1 and the kids stand up to scream just once is not a recipe for repeat customers. sure, a 2-1 or 1-0 game can be awesome. competition level and intensity is more important than score, but we need more offensive payoff,imarily in the regular season.
improved goalies, skater equipment, coaching and skating all suppress scoring. jamie benn won the scoring title last season with 87 points. i want hard-hitting, tight-checking, max-effort hockey, not all-star game hockey. a bigger net is the only chance to improve scoring with the max-effort style fans demand. if goalies need bigger equipment tootect themselves from harder shots off high-tech sticks, fine. but also give the players an inch or so more room to score up top.
i know, i've been writing this for more than a decade. i just have to get it out once a year. what's wrong with a 7-5 game? ok, that's done.
let's empty the bucket of brain pucks from an assortment of issues using your #twitterbagskate queries.
let's face it, we knew he was good. i wrote as much in this space last year after jack eichel's first college game at boston university. i told you he could skate, shoot and had reach. i also told you the gap between him and connor mcdavid was smaller than most thought, including buffalo sabres general manager tim murray, who pouted some after the draft lottery put the sabres at no. 2 overall. the biggest eye-opener for me is how much faster and more explosive eichel is compared with his performance in april at the frozen four. his skating dominated the game against the columbus blue jackets on monday. he's 18 and already the best player on the sabres.
that being said, i love mcdavid. he is a top-shelf talent who will have an excellent season. he and eichel are unique and special nhl ornaments that you should purchase the nhl center ice package to watch.
for the record, myeasonojections for eichel and mcdavid:
mcdavid: 27 goals, 50 assists, 77 points
eichel: 19 goals, 45 assists, 64 points
@buccigross when will seattle get an nhl team? — lowell thomson (@huskychemist) october 13, 2015
soon, i hope. i think the nhl should have 40 teams. the best way to create nhl fans is through expansion. whether it's california, dallas, columbus or florida, teams create fans, young people and beer-leaguers who want to play. we have nhl players born in california, south florida, texas and so on. i think the talent pool is deep enough for another 250-300 players, especially with the international pool and more american talent like eichel and auston matthews (from scottsdale, arizona, and likely the top pick next year) being developed by usa hockey.
there is a great potential for growth in hockey, and the nhl should be very aggressive, especially with youth football numbers dropping. hockey needs to seize the chance to get kids who are not signing up for football. get kids playing hockey early on and you've got them for life.
@buccigross do you think it's too early for bruins fans to be concerned? — austin mckinley (@aussiemac17) october 13, 2015
i had the bruins as a playoff bubble team before the season, so i'm not shocked at their start, but i certainly expected at least a point from them by now. they have a lame-duck coach in claude julien who just doesn't fit the team's overall philosophy and who appears destined to become a scapegoat for what looks like a possible lost season. the bruins are thin on defense still and trying to get everyone on the same page after plenty of new additions the past 12 months.
i'm sure they would love to deal zdeno chara, give the captain's "c" to patrice bergeron and possibly deal brad marchand to get blue-chip blue-line help and continue to rework. it's an organization in flux, and things could slip away if the bruins are not careful. they have a lot of road games over the next 25 days, during which they need to come together as a team and figure out a way to win.
@buccigross saad truly star player or was he just elevated due to his linemates? what kind of year does he have? #shouldhavestayed — kyle trusgnich (@k_trus) october 13, 2015
he should be a veryoductive forward for the blue jackets, getting 20 minutes a night and playing with a very good center in ryan johansen. i think 30 goals and 40 assists are good goals for brandon saad to reach, and possibly exceed. he makes his return to chicago on saturday.
@buccigross why do you think the blue jackets will be a playoff team? especially with that defense. — chris abraham (@crzycanucklehed) october 13, 2015
the defense is the question. can they move and possess the puck? can they help kill penalties? i thought columbus was a 100-point team before the season. i still think they are a playoff team, but they have to get going.
@buccigross what are realistic expectations for the red wings this season? — dave stead (@dstead11) october 12, 2015
a deep playoff run is possible. they have good depth to use as trade bait if needed, and with their talent and cap space, the detroit red wings are in a great position to continue their playoff streak for another decade. people talk about steven stamkos possibly signing with the toronto maple leafs if he chooses not to re-sign with the tampa bay lightning. if i'm stamkos, though, and i'm looking from a pure hockey standpoint to play for an old, traditional brand, the red wings are potentially my landing spot. a new arena is coming in 2017, and there's lots of young talent to shoulder the load.
@buccigross who wins the dreaded central division? — ryan mason (@masetobase) october 13, 2015
after watching a couple of games, my playoff teams:
eastern conference: new york rangers, new york islanders, montreal canadiens, columbus blue jackets, washington capitals, lightning, red wings, pittsburgh penguins
western conference: nashvilleedators, chicago blackhawks, minnesota wild, dallas stars, colorado avalanche, san jose sharks, anaheim ducks, los angeles kings
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ðə juz. dɪˈpɑrtmənt əv ˈhoʊmˌlænd sɪˈkjʊrəti ˌriˈpɔrtəd ən ˌɪnˈkrist ˈnəmbər əv ˈɪnsədənts ˌɪnˈvɑlvɪŋ faɪər rɪˈzəltɪŋ ɪn ˈɪnʤəri rikˈwaɪərɪŋ ˈmɛdɪkəl ˈtritmənt. ðiz ˈrisənt ɪˈvɛnts ˈhaɪˌlaɪt ðə drəˈmætɪk ˈmɑrkɪt groʊθ əv juz ənd ðə əˈsoʊʃiˌeɪtəd ˈseɪfti kənˈsərnz. əl wɪl naʊ bi ˈeɪbəl tɪ tɛst ənd ˈsərtəˌfaɪ ðiz dɪˈvaɪsɪz ˈjuzɪŋ əl 8139 θru ə ˈsɪstəm əˈproʊʧ tɪ ɪˈvæljuˌeɪt ðə dɪˈvaɪs, ɪts riˈʧɑrʤəbəl ˈbætəri ənd ˈʧɑrʤɪŋ ˈsɪstəm. ðə ˈtɛstɪŋ rɪkˈwaɪrmənts fər əl 8139 spəˈsɪfɪkli ɪˈvæljuˌeɪt ðə ˈseɪfti əv ðə ɪˈlɛktrɪkəl, ˈhitɪŋ, ˈbætəri ənd ˈʧɑrʤɪŋ ˈsɪstəmz. ðə ˈstændərd dɪz nɑt ɪˈvæljuˌeɪt ðə kənˈsuməbəl əv ðə, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ e-liquids*, ˈveɪpər ˈsəbstənsɪz, wɪks ənd ˈəðər pərˈtɪkjələt ˈmætər. əl 8139 ˈdəzənt ɪˈvæljuˌeɪt ðə ˈlɔŋˈtərm ər ˌfɪziəˈlɑʤɪkəl ˈifɛkts əv ðə consumables*. "əl həz bɪn ɪˈvæljuˌeɪtɪŋ, ˈtɛstɪŋ ənd ˈsərtəˌfaɪɪŋ ˈpɔrtəbəl ˈbætəri paʊərd dɪˈvaɪsɪz, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ˈbætəri sɛlz, ˈmɑʤulz, pæks, ˈʧɑrʤərz ənd paʊər səˈplaɪz fər ˈmɛni jɪrz," sɛd devouge*, vaɪs ˈprɛzɪdənt ənd ˈʤɛnərəl ˈmænɪʤər fər kənˈsumər tɛkˈnɑləʤi dɪˈvɪʒən. "wɪθ əl 8139 ɑr ˈɛkspərt saɪəns, ˈrisərʧ ənd ˈɛnʤəˈnɪrɪŋ timz hæv naʊ dɪˈvɛləpt ðə əˈproʊpriˌeɪt rɪkˈwaɪrmənts ənd ˌmɛθəˈdɑləʤi tɪ ˈkɑnfədəntli ɪˈvæljuˌeɪt ənd tɛst fər ɪˈlɛktrɪkəl ənd faɪər ˈhæzərdz. ɛz ˈrisənt nuz həz ʃoʊn ˈjuˈɛs, ðɛr ɪz ə strɔŋ nid fər ðɪs taɪp əv ˈsərvɪs. təˈdeɪ, wi ər plizd tɪ ˈɔfər ɑr ˈtɛstɪŋ ənd ˌsərtəfəˈkeɪʃən ˈsərvɪsɪz tɪ ˌmænjəˈfækʧərərz ənd dɪˈstrɪbjətərz." ˈriˌteɪlərz ənd ˌmænjəˈfækʧərərz ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪd ɪn səbˈmɪtɪŋ fər ˈprɑdəkt ˈtɛstɪŋ əl ˌsərtəfəˈkeɪʃən fər ɪˈlɛktrɪkəl ənd ˈbætəri ˈsɪstəmz ər ˈwɛlkəm tɪ səbˈmɪt ðɛr rɪkˈwɛst æt ər iˈmeɪl əˈbaʊt əl əl ɪz ə prɛˈmɪr ˈgloʊbəl ˌɪndɪˈpɛndənt ˈseɪfti saɪəns ˈkəmpəˌni ðət həz ˈʧæmpiənd ˈprɑˌgrɛs fər mɔr ðən 120 jɪrz. ɪts ˈnɪrli prəˈfɛʃənəlz ər ˈgaɪdɪd baɪ ðə əl ˈmɪʃən tɪ prəˈmoʊt seɪf ˈwərkɪŋ ənd ˈlɪvɪŋ ɪnˈvaɪrənmənts fər ɔl ˈpipəl. əl ˈjuzɪz ˈrisərʧ ənd ˈstændərdz tɪ kənˈtɪnjuəli ədˈvæns ənd mit ˈseɪfti nidz. wi ˈpɑrtnər wɪθ ˈbɪznɪsɪz, ˌmænjəˈfækʧərərz, treɪd əˌsoʊʃiˈeɪʃənz ənd ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl ˈrɛgjələˌtɔri əˈθɔrətiz tɪ brɪŋ səˈluʃənz tɪ ə mɔr ˈkɑmplɛks ˈgloʊbəl səˈplaɪ ʧeɪn. fər mɔr ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən əˈbaʊt ɑr ˌsərtəfəˈkeɪʃən, ˈtɛstɪŋ, ˌɪnˈspɛkʃən, ædˈvaɪzəri ənd ˌɛʤəˈkeɪʃən ˈsərvɪsɪz, ˈvɪzɪt. brʊk ˈɛrɪŋtən ˈspɛʃəlɪst, ˈkɔrpərət kəmˌjunəˈkeɪʃənz əl sɔrs əl rɪˈleɪtɪd lɪŋks
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the u.s. department of homeland security reported an increased number of incidents involving fire resulting in injury requiring medical treatment. these recent events highlight the dramatic market growth of e-cigarette use and the associated safety concerns. ul will now be able to test and certify these devices using ul 8139 through a system approach to evaluate the device, its rechargeable battery and charging system.
the testing requirements for ul 8139 specifically evaluate the safety of the electrical, heating, battery and charging systems. the standard does not evaluate the consumable of the e-cigarette, including e-liquids, vapor substances, wicks and other particulate matter. ul 8139 doesn't evaluate the long-term or physiological effects of the consumables.
"ul has been evaluating, testing and certifying portable battery powered devices, including battery cells, modules, packs, chargers and power supplies for many years," said ghislain devouge, vice president and general manager for ul's consumer technology division. "with ul 8139, our expert science, research and engineering teams have now developed the appropriate requirements and methodology to confidently evaluate and test e-cigarettes for electrical and fire hazards. as recent news has shown us, there is a strong need for this type of service. today, we are pleased to offer our testing and certification services to manufacturers and distributors."
retailers and manufacturers interested in submitting e-cigarettes for product testing and/or ul certification for electrical and battery systems are welcome to submit their request at http://contact.ul.com/contact-ul-consumer-technology or email [email protected] .
about ul
ul is a premier global independent safety science company that has championed progress for more than 120 years. its nearly 11,000 professionals are guided by the ul mission to promote safe working and living environments for all people. ul uses research and standards to continually advance and meet ever-evolving safety needs. we partner with businesses, manufacturers, trade associations and international regulatory authorities to bring solutions to a more complex global supply chain. for more information about our certification, testing, inspection, advisory and education services, visit http://www.ul.com.
brooke arrington
pr specialist, corporate communications
ul llc
847.664.1298
[email protected]
source ul
related links
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ˈɛvər sɪns məˈgrɛgər ˌdɪˈsaɪdɪd tɪ pərˈsu ə ˈbɑksɪŋ mæʧ wɪθ flɔɪd ˈmeɪˌwɛðər, ɪt simz laɪk ˈɛvriˌwən ɛls hæv ˈfɑloʊd sut wɪn ɪt kəmz tɪ faɪts. laɪt ˈhɛviˌweɪt kənˈtɛndər ˈʤɪmi ˈʧælənʤd ˈdeɪvɪd heɪ tɪ ə baʊt waɪl ˈbɑksɪŋ ˈlɛʤənd rɔɪ ʤoʊnz həz ɪkˈsprɛst ˈɪntəˌrɛst ɪn ə faɪt wɪθ ˈfɔrmər ˈmɪdəlˌweɪt ˈʧæmpiən ənd greɪt ˈændərsən ˈsɪlvə. ˈfɔrmər ˈʧæmpiən ˈʤunjər dɔs ˈsæntoʊs hæd ˈɔlsoʊ ˈʧælənʤd ˈænθɔˌni ˈʤɑˌʃuə tɪ ə ˈhɛviˌweɪt faɪt tɪ si hu ðə ˈtəfəst mæn ɔn ðə ˈplænət wɑz. soʊ, waɪ ər ðiz faɪts naʊ kriˈeɪtɪŋ soʊ məʧ bəz? əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ˈfɔrmər ˈbɑksɪŋ ənd ɪˈvɛnt koʊˈɔrdəˌneɪtər bərt ˈwɑtsən, ðə pəˈtɛnʃəl ˈərnɪŋz məˈgrɛgər ənd ˈmeɪˌwɛðər kʊd meɪk ɪz ə bɪg ˈfæktər ɛz tɪ waɪ ðiz faɪts ər naʊ biɪŋ prəˈpoʊzd, dɪˈspaɪt wən əv ðə kənˈtɛndərz ˈɔlˌweɪz biɪŋ æt ə ˌdɪsədˈvænɪʤ. "aɪ du θɪŋk ðət ə faɪt əv ðɪs ˈmægnəˌtud wɑz ˈdɛfənətli ˈdrɪvən baɪ ˈməni," ˈwɑtsən toʊld uk*. "ˈmeɪˌwɛðər ənd məˈgrɛgər ər ðə ˈbɪgəst neɪmz ɪn ðɛr spɔrts ənd hæv ðə haɪəst ˈnəmbərz. tˈwɛnti jɪrz əˈgoʊ, ˌbiˈfɔr aɪ ʤɔɪnd, aɪ dɪd ə ˈbɑksɪŋ ɪˈvɛnt ɪn əˈtlæntɪk ˈsɪti wɪθ ˈoʊləg taktarov*. wi pʊt ˈbɑksɪŋ gləvz ɔn ˈfaɪtərz ðət noʊ wən hæd hərd əv ənd ɪt ˈnɛvər ˈrɪli meɪd ɪt aʊt əv a.c*." "ˈsəmθɪŋ laɪk ðɪs kʊd ˈnɛvər sərˈvaɪv wɪˈθaʊt æt list wən ˈmeɪʤər neɪm. aɪ doʊnt θɪŋk ɪt wɪl ˈhæpən ɪn ðə fˈjuʧər ɪf wən əv ðɛm ˈɪzənt ə bɪg ɪˈnəf neɪm. ɪts ˈsɪmələr tɪ wɪn mʊˈhɑməd ˈɑli ˈʧælənʤd ə ˌʤæpəˈniz ˈrɛsəlɪŋ ˈʧæmpiən [ænˈtoʊnioʊ inoki*]. hi gɑt θroʊn əraʊnd ðə rɪŋ ənd ðət wɑz ðə ɛnd əv ðət. "seɪm θɪŋ wɪn aɪ koʊˈɔrdəneɪtɪd ʤeɪmz ˈtoʊni ənd ˈrændi kuˈtʊr [æt 118 ɪt ˈdɪdənt tərn aʊt tu gʊd fər ʤeɪmz ˈtoʊni. aɪ wərkt wɪθ ʤeɪmz ˈtoʊni ɪn hɪz ˈglɔri deɪz ənd nu ɪm ɛz ən ɪkˈsɛpʃənəl ˈæθˌlit. ɪt wɑz sæd tɪ si ɪm læst hæf ə raʊnd, bət ðət wɑz ɔl əˈbaʊt ðə ˈməni." ˈhævɪŋ sin faɪts ɪn ðə pæst ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ˈwɑtsən hoʊps ðeɪ du nɑt kənˈtɪnju ˈæftər məˈgrɛgər ˈvərsəz ˈmeɪˌwɛðər. məˈgrɛgər ənd flɔɪd ˈmeɪˌwɛðər ər ðə ˈbɪgəst neɪmz ɪn ðɛr spɔrts, bət ˈæftər ðɪs ɪt ˈʃʊdənt kənˈtɪnju," hi ˈædɪd. "ˈæθˌlits ʃʊd steɪ ɪn ðɛr leɪnz ənd ˈmæstər wən spɔrt ˌbiˈfɔr ˈdaɪˌʤɛstɪŋ əˈnəðər." waɪl moʊst ˈfɪgjərz ɪn ðə ˈkɑmbæt wərld juˈnænəməsli əˈgri ðət ˈmeɪˌwɛðər ʃʊd ˈkəmfərtəbli dɪˈfit ðə ˈaɪrɪʃmən, ðɛr ɪz ðə smɔl ˈlɪŋgərɪŋ fɪr ðət ɪf məˈgrɛgər wər tɪ wɪn, ɪt wʊd ˈbɑksɪŋ, ə spɔrt wɪʧ ɪz ɔˈrɛdi kənˈsɪdərd tɪ bi ə daɪɪŋ wən. bət fər ˈwɑtsən, ˈbɑksɪŋ ɪz nɑt ˈivɪn ɔn laɪf səˈpɔrt dɪˈspaɪt goʊɪŋ θru ə loʊ ˈpɪriəd. "ˈbɑksɪŋ wɛnt θru ə loʊ ˈpɪriəd bɪˈkəz əv ɪts ˈfidər ˈsɪstəm," hi ɪkˈspleɪnd. "æt ðə 2008 ənd 2012 oʊˈlɪmpɪks ɪt wɑz ðə fərst taɪm ðə juz. tim ˈdɪdənt du wɛl. ðɛr wɑz ə taɪm wɪn wi brɔt hoʊm moʊst əv ðə ˈmɛdəlz, bət naʊ wi doʊnt bɪˈkəz ɑr ˈfidər ˈsɪstəm ɪz ɪn ˈtrəbəl." ənd ər ðə ˈbɪgəst neɪmz bɪˈkəz əv ðɛr pərˈfɔrmənsɪz. ðeɪ əˈtrækt kraʊdz ənd ˈnəmbərz. aɪ θɪŋk hæd ˈpipəl ɪn ðə ərˈinə ənd ˈmeɪˌwɛðər həz brɔt əˈbaʊt 2 ˈmɪljən baɪz ɪn. "ˈbɑksɪŋ ˈɪzənt dɛd, ɪt ˈɪzənt ˈivɪn ɔn laɪf səˈpɔrt. ˈpəblɪk əˈpil ˈsɔfənd wɪn bərst ɔn ðə sin bɪˈkəz ɪt geɪv fænz ˈsəmθɪŋ ˈdɪfərənt. bət ˈbɑksɪŋ ɪz ə spɔrt ɛz oʊld ɛz ˈtɛnɪs ər ˈkrɪkɪt soʊ ɪt wɪl ˈɔlˌweɪz bi əraʊnd." dɪˈspaɪt ðə "ˈbeɪbiˌsɪtər tɪ ðə stɑrz" ˈlivɪŋ ðə ɪn 2015 koʊˈɔrdəˌneɪtɪŋ ɪz stɪl ə pɑrt əv ˈwɑtsənz laɪf ɛz hi ɪz ˈkərəntli ðə dɪˈrɛktər əv faɪt riˈleɪʃənz æt əˈlaɪəns. "koʊˈɔrdəˌneɪtɪŋ ɪz maɪ laɪf; aɪ ˈstɑrtɪd ɪn ˈbɑksɪŋ ˌbiˈfɔr trænˈzɪʃənɪŋ tɪ," hi strɛst. "ə koʊˈɔrdəˌneɪtər ɪz ə ˈnɛsəˌsɛri nid bɪˈkəz wɪˈθaʊt ɪt, ˈfaɪtərz, faɪt kæmps, ənd ˈɛvriˌwən ɛls wʊd bi ɔl ˈoʊvər ðə pleɪs." "sɪns ˈʤɔɪnɪŋ əˈlaɪəns aɪ hæv bɪn ˌɪnˈvɑlvd ɪn ɪˈvɛnts pʊt ɔn baɪ ðə ˈriʤənəl pərˈmoʊʃənz ˈəndər ðə əˈlaɪəns ˈəmˌbrɛlə. soʊ fɑr ɪn 2017 wi hæv pʊt ɔn 17 ɪˈvɛnts ənd hæv plænz fər ə lɔt mɔr. wən əv ðə ˈəpˌkəmɪŋ faɪts əm ˌɪnˈvɑlvd ɪn ənd ɪkˈsaɪtɪd fər ɪz 60 ɪn ˈmɛmpfɪs, ˌtɛnəˈsi ɔn ʤun 17th*. ɪt ɪz ɑr fərst ˈkrɔˌsoʊvər faɪt wɛr ˈʧæmpiənz frəm ɑr ˈriʤənəl pərˈmoʊʃənz ər ˈtrævəlɪŋ tɪ ˈmɛmpfɪs tɪ feɪs iʧ ˈəðər ɪn ðə keɪʤ."
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ever since conor mcgregor decided to pursue a boxing match with floyd mayweather, it seems like everyone else have followed suit when it comes to cross-code fights.
light heavyweight contender jimi manuwa challenged david haye to a bout while boxing legend roy jones jr has expressed interest in a fight with former middleweight champion and mma great anderson silva. former ufc champion junior dos santos had also challenged anthony joshua to a heavyweight fight to see who the toughest man on the planet was.
so, why are these fights now creating so much buzz?
according to former boxing and ufc event coordinator burt watson, the potential earnings mcgregor and mayweather could make is a big factor as to why these fights are now being proposed, despite one of the contenders always being at a disadvantage.
"i do think that a fight of this magnitude was definitely driven by money," watson told ibtimes uk.
"mayweather and mcgregor are the biggest names in their sports and have the highest pay-per-view numbers. twenty years ago, before i joined mma, i did a boxing event in atlantic city with oleg taktarov. we put boxing gloves on mma fighters that no one had heard of and it never really made it out of a.c."
"something like this could never survive without at least one major name. i don't think it will happen in the future if one of them isn't a big enough name. it's similar to when muhammad ali challenged a japanese wrestling champion [antonio inoki]. he got thrown around the ring and that was the end of that.
"same thing when i coordinated james toney and randy couture [at ufc 118]. it didn't turn out too good for james toney. i worked with james toney in his glory days and knew him as an exceptional athlete. it was sad to see him last half a round, but that was all about the money."
having seen cross-code fights in the past however, watson hopes they do not continue after mcgregor vs mayweather.
"conor mcgregor and floyd mayweather are the biggest names in their sports, but after this it shouldn't continue," he added. "athletes should stay in their lanes and master one sport before digesting another."
while most figures in the combat world unanimously agree that mayweather should comfortably defeat the irishman, there is the small lingering fear that if mcgregor were to win, it would delegitimise boxing, a sport which is already considered to be a dying one. but for watson, boxing is not even on life support despite going through a low period.
"boxing went through a low period because of its feeder system," he explained. "at the 2008 and 2012 olympics it was the first time the u.s. team didn't do well. there was a time when we brought home most of the medals, but now we don't because our feeder system is in trouble."
"joshua/klitschko and mayweather/alvarez are the biggest names because of their performances. they attract crowds and pay-per-view numbers. i think joshua/klitschko had 90,000 people in the arena and mayweather has brought about 2 million buys in pay-per-view.
"boxing isn't dead, it isn't even on life support. public appeal softened when mma burst on the scene because it gave fans something different. but boxing is a sport as old as tennis or cricket so it will always be around."
despite the "babysitter to the stars" leaving the ufc in 2015, coordinating is still a part of watson's life as he is currently the director of fight relations at alliance mma.
"coordinating is my life; i started in boxing before transitioning to mma," he stressed. "a coordinator is a necessary need because without it, fighters, fight camps, and everyone else would be all over the place."
"since joining alliance mma i have been involved in events put on by the regional promotions under the alliance mma umbrella. so far in 2017, we have put on 17 events and have plans for a lot more. one of the upcoming fights i'm involved in and excited for is v3fights 60 in memphis, tennessee on june 17th. it is our first crossover fight where champions from our regional promotions are travelling to memphis to face each other in the cage."
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““i* æm ˈʧɛlsi ˈmænɪŋ. aɪ æm ə female.”*.” ˈʧɛlsi ˈmænɪŋ ɪn ə ˈpəblɪk ˈsteɪtmənt rɪˈgɑrdɪŋ hər ˈʤɛndər aɪˈdɛntəˌti, ˈɔgəst. 21 ˈʧɛlsi ˈmænɪŋ naʊ frəm ˈprɪzən kənˈvɪktəd ˈlikər ˈʧɛlsi ˈmænɪŋ həz ʤɔɪnd tˈwɪtər frəm ˈprɪzən. ðə wɪl nɑt bi ɔn hər bɪˈhæf, sɛd stæf əˈtərni ʧeɪs, bət ˈəðərz kloʊz contact”*” wɪθ hər wɪl bi. ˈstɔri kənˈtɪnjud bɪˈloʊ hər əˈkaʊnt ˈfiʧərz ə ˈpɔrtrət ənd lɪsts hər loʊˈkeɪʃən ɛz fɔrt ˈlɛvənˌwərθ, ˈkænzəs, wɛr ðə ˈfɔrmər ˈɑrmi ˈpraɪvət ɪz ˈkərəntli ˈsərvɪŋ aʊt ə ˈsɛntəns fər ˈlikɪŋ ˈvɑljumz əv ˌkɑnfəˈdɛnʃəl ˈdɑkjəmənts tɪ wikileaks*. ɪz kəˈmɪtɪd tɪ ˈhævɪŋ ə vɔɪs ənd ɪnˈgeɪʤɪŋ wɪθ ðə ˈpəblɪk ənd wɪl traɪ tɪ bi ˈprɛzənt ɔn tˈwɪtər ɛz məʧ ɛz ʃi ɪz ˈeɪbəl tɪ kəˈnɛkt wɪθ ˈpipəl ɔn ðə outside,”*,” toʊld pəˈlɪtɪˌkoʊ. ækˈnɑlɪʤ ðə ˈdɪfɪˌkəlti əv meɪnˈteɪnɪŋ ə ˈprɛzəns waɪl ˌɪnˈkɑrsərˌeɪtɪd. frəm ˈprɪzən ə lɔt əv ˈɛfərt ənd ˈjuzɪŋ ə vɔɪs foʊn tɪ ˈdɪkˌteɪt ˈʧɛlsi ˈmænɪŋ (@xychelsea*) ˈeɪprəl 3 2015 ɪt wɪl bi hɑrd, bət aɪ wɔnt ðɪs tˈwɪtər fid tɪ bi ə ˈwənˈweɪ ˈʧɛlsi ˈmænɪŋ (@xychelsea*) ˈeɪprəl 3 2015
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“i am chelsea manning. i am a female.” — chelsea manning in a public statement regarding her gender identity, aug. 21. chelsea manning now tweeting from prison
convicted leaker chelsea manning has joined twitter from prison.
the aclu will not be tweeting on her behalf, said staff attorney chase strangio, but others “in close contact” with her will be.
story continued below
her account features a black-and-white portrait and lists her location as fort leavenworth, kansas, where the former army private is currently serving out a 35-year sentence for leaking volumes of confidential documents to wikileaks.
“she is committed to having a voice and engaging with the public and will try to be present on twitter as much as she is able to connect with people on the outside,” strangio told politico.
manning’s tweets acknowledge the difficulty of maintaining a social-media presence while incarcerated.
tweeting from prison reqs a lot of effort and using a voice phone to dictate #90sproblems — chelsea manning (@xychelsea) april 3, 2015
it will be hard, but i want this twitter feed to be a one-way street/conversation — chelsea manning (@xychelsea) april 3, 2015
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"ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ ɪz ɪn ə ˈrɪli kul pleɪs," ðə ˈsɪŋər sɛd ɪn ən ˈɪntərvˌju wɪθ ˌbibiˈsi ˈʤuljən həz ˈsteɪtɪd ðət ðə stroʊks kʊd bɪˈgɪn wərk ɔn nu məˈtɪriəl ɪn ˈʤænjuˌɛri. æˈdrɛsɪŋ ðə kˈwɛʃən əv wɪn ðeɪ wʊd stɑrt ɔn ðə ˈfɑloʊ əp tɪ machine’*’, ˈsteɪtɪd, ˈʤænjuˌɛri wi maɪt mit əp ənd wərk ɔn səm aɪˈdiəz. ˈɛvriˌwən ɪz saɪkt. ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ ɪz ɪn ə ˈrɪli kul place.”*.” ɪn ðə ˈɪntərvˌju ɔn ðə ˌbibiˈsi 6 mˈjuzɪk ˈbrɛkfəst ʃoʊ, ˈɔlsoʊ ˈoʊpənd əp əˈbaʊt ðə ˈwərkɪŋ riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪp əv ðə nu jɔrk bænd, hu pleɪd ðɛr fərst ʃoʊz sɪns 2011 ðɪs ˈsəmər. ˈstɑrtɪd ɔn anything,”*,” hi bɪˈgæn, rɪˈfərɪŋ əˈgɛn tɪ nu məˈtɪriəl. ɪt wɑz kul ənd wi pleɪd səm ʃoʊz ənd ðə vaɪb ɪz finally…*… aɪ noʊ ɪf wi ˈɛvər hæd ðət gʊd ə ˈwərkɪŋ ˈfrɛndʃɪp faʊnˈdeɪʃən [ɪn ɑr] wərk riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪp, bət naʊ wi ˈfaɪnəli hæv ðət. ˈɔlˌweɪz hæv ðə kriˈeɪtɪv vibe.”*.” ˈərliər ðɪs jɪr, ˈɔlsoʊ spoʊk əˈbaʊt hɪz ˌɪnˈtɛnʧənz fər ðə bænd, seɪɪŋ ðət ðeɪ wər, tɪ ˈkɛri ɔn ɛz frɛndz, ˈteɪkɪŋ ɪt ˈizi, rɪˈkɔrdɪŋ ə ˈkəpəl əv sɔŋz, ənd do[ing*] ə ˈkəpəl əv shows.”*.” ðə ˈsɪŋər, ˈminˌwaɪl, ɪz ˈgɪrɪŋ əp tɪ riˈlis hɪz ˈsɛkənd ˈsoʊˌloʊ ˈrɛkərd ‘‘tyranny’*’ wɪθ ˈbækɪŋ bændz ðə ɔn ɑkˈtoʊbər 13 ðə ˈælbəm wɪl ˈfiʧər ˈrisəntli riˈlist ˈsɪŋgəl sadness’*’ ɛz wɛl ɛz nu træk noʊ ˈigəlz fly’*’, wɪʧ wɑz ənˈveɪld ðɪs wik əˈlɔŋˈsaɪd ən ɑrˈkeɪd ˈvɪdioʊ.
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"everything is in a really cool place," the singer said in an interview with bbc 6music
julian casablancas has stated that the strokes could begin work on new material in january.
addressing the question of when they would start on the follow up to 2013’s ‘comedown machine’, casablancas stated, “in january we might meet up and work on some ideas. everyone is psyched. everything is in a really cool place.”
in the interview on the bbc 6 music breakfast show, casablancas also opened up about the working relationship of the new york band, who played their first shows since 2011 this summer.
“we haven’t started on anything,” he began, referring again to new material. “but it was cool and we played some shows and the vibe is finally… i don’t know if we ever had that good a working friendship foundation [in our] work relationship, but now we finally have that. we’ll always have the creative vibe.”
earlier this year, casablancas also spoke about his intentions for the band, saying that they were, “trying to carry on as friends, taking it easy, recording a couple of songs, and do[ing] a couple of shows.”
the singer, meanwhile, is gearing up to release his second solo record ‘tyranny’ with backing bands the voidz on october 13.
the album will feature recently released single ‘human sadness’ as well as new track ‘where no eagles fly’, which was unveiled this week alongside an ’80s arcade game-style video.
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ʤeɪmz tissot*, prayer”*”, ˈsiˈeɪ. 1890 noʊ, poʊp ˈfrænsɪs ɪz nɑt ˈʧeɪnʤɪŋ ðə prɛr ðɪs ɪz ə ˈklæsɪk keɪs əv ðə poʊp seɪɪŋ ˈsəmθɪŋ ənd ðə ˈmidiə dɪˈstɔrtɪŋ ɪt. ˈnuzˌpeɪpərz ənd ˈwɛbˌsaɪts ˌɪˈrəptɪd ˈoʊvər ðə ˈwiˌkɪnd wɪθ ˈhɛˌdlaɪnz laɪk: ʃeɪm ɔn ɔl əv ðɛm. ðə poʊp kɔl fər ˈɛni ˈʧeɪnʤɪz. ðɪs ɪz ə ˈklæsɪk keɪs əv ðə poʊp seɪɪŋ ˈsəmθɪŋ ənd ðə ˈmidiə goʊɪŋ ənd kəmˈplitli dɪˈstɔrtɪŋ ɪt. haʊ dɪd ɔl ðɪs stɑrt? ˌɪˈtæljən ˈtɛləˌvɪʒən ɛrd ən ˈaʊˌrlɔŋ ˈɪntərvˌju wɪθ poʊp ˈfrænsɪs ɪn wɪʧ hi wɑz æst əˈbaʊt ə nu ˈvərʒən əv ðə prɛr ɪn fræns. ju kən wɔʧ ðə ˈɪntərvˌju (ɪn ˌɪˈtæljən) hir. wət dɪd ðə frɛnʧ ʧərʧ du? ðeɪ əˈdɑptəd ə nu trænzˈleɪʃən əv ðə prɛr fər juz ɪn ðə ˈlɪtərʤi. ɪt wɛnt ˈɪntu ˈifɛkt ɔn ðə fərst ˈsənˌdi əv ˈædˌvɛnt (wɪʧ ɪz waɪ poʊp ˈfrænsɪs wɑz biɪŋ æst əˈbaʊt ɪt). ˈbeɪsɪkli, ðeɪ ʧeɪnʤd ðə laɪn ðət ɪn ˈɪŋlɪʃ ridz lɛd ˈjuˈɛs nɑt ˈɪntu temptation”*” tɪ wən ðət minz nɑt lɛt ˈjuˈɛs fɔl ˈɪntu temptation.”*.” wət dɪd poʊp ˈfrænsɪs seɪ əˈbaʊt ðɪs? hi rɪˈpɔrtədli sɛd: ðə frɛnʧ hæv ʧeɪnʤd ðə tɛkst ənd ðɛr trænzˈleɪʃən sɪz lɛt mi fɔl ˈɪntu temptation,”*,” ɪts mi hu fɔlz. ɪts nɑt ɪm hu ˈpʊʃɪz mi ˈɪntu tɛmˈteɪʃən, ɛz ɪf aɪ fɛl. ə ˈfɑðər ˈdəzənt du ðət. ə ˈfɑðər hɛlps ju tɪ gɪt əp raɪt əˈweɪ. ðə wən hu lidz ˈɪntu tɛmˈteɪʃən ɪz ˈseɪtən. ˈvɛriəs əˈkaʊnts ˈɔlsoʊ rɪˈpɔrt ɪm seɪɪŋ ðət ðə ˈjuˈɛs nɑt ˈɪntu temptation”*” ˈrɛndərɪŋ ɪz nɑt ə gʊd trænzˈleɪʃən bɪˈkəz ɪt ɪz mɪsˈlidɪŋ tɪ ˈmɑdərn ɪrz. soʊ hi əˈbaʊt tɪ ˌɪmˈpoʊz ə nu trænzˈleɪʃən ɔn ˈɛvriˌbɑdi? noʊ. ˈkɑmɛntɪŋ ðət ə trænzˈleɪʃən kən bi mɪsˈlidɪŋ ɪz nɑt ðə seɪm θɪŋ ɛz ˈmænˌdeɪtɪŋ ə nu wən. ˈpipəl hæv groʊn əp wɪθ ðə prɛr, ənd ˈʧeɪnʤɪŋ ɪt ɪz ə bɪg dil. ðə frɛnʧ ˈbɪʃəps θɔt ɪt wɑz wərθ ˈmeɪkɪŋ ə ʧeɪnʤ, bət əp tɪ ˈloʊkəl ɪˈpɪskəpəl ˈkɑnfərənsəz wət ðeɪ wɔnt tɪ du ɪn ðɪs rɪˈgɑrd. ðə nu jɔrk taɪmz rɪˈpɔrts, ðoʊ, ðət poʊp səˈʤɛstɪd ðət ˌɪˈtæljən ˈkæθlɪks maɪt wɔnt tɪ ˈfɑloʊ suit.”*.” wət dɪz ðə ˈjuˈɛs nɑt ˈɪntu temptation”*” laɪn ˈrɪli min? ɪt dɪˈpɛndz ɔn wət kaɪnd əv trænzˈleɪʃən ju ər duɪŋ. ðə grik vərb ɪn ðɪs ““bring,”*,” soʊ nɑt brɪŋ ˈjuˈɛs ˈɪntu temptation”*” ər ˈjuˈɛs nɑt ˈɪntu temptation”*” ər gʊd, ˈlɪtərəl trænzˈleɪʃənz. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, nɑt ɔl ðɛr ɪz tɪ ðə ˈstɔri. ˌθiəˈlɑʤɪkli ˈspikɪŋ, gɑd dɪz nɑt tɛmpt ˈɛniˌwən. ðəs ðə bʊk əv ʤeɪmz steɪts: lɛt noʊ wən seɪ wɪn hi ɪz ˈtɛmptɪd, æm ˈtɛmptɪd baɪ god”*”; fər gɑd ˈkænɑt bi ˈtɛmptɪd wɪθ ˈivəl ənd hi hɪmˈsɛlf tɛmpts noʊ wən; bət iʧ ˈpərsən ɪz ˈtɛmptɪd wɪn hi ɪz lʊrd ənd ɪnˈtaɪst baɪ hɪz oʊn dɪˈzaɪər (ʤæs. ðə pəˈtɪʃən ɪn ðə prɛr ðəs nidz tɪ bi ˌəndərˈstʊd ɛz ə rɪkˈwɛst ðət gɑd prəˈtɛkt ˈjuˈɛs frəm tɛmˈteɪʃən. ðə ˈkætəˌkɪzəm əv ðə ˈkæθlɪk ʧərʧ steɪts: 2846 ðɪs pəˈtɪʃən goʊz tɪ ðə rut əv ðə priˈsidɪŋ wən, fər ɑr sɪnz rɪˈzəlt frəm ɑr kənˈsɛnɪŋ tɪ tɛmˈteɪʃən; wi ˈðɛrˌfɔr æsk ɑr ˈfɑðər nɑt tɪ ““lead”*” ˈjuˈɛs ˈɪntu tɛmˈteɪʃən. ɪt ɪz ˈdɪfəkəlt tɪ trænzˈleɪt ðə grik vərb juzd baɪ ə ˈsɪŋgəl ˈɪŋlɪʃ wərd: ðə grik minz boʊθ nɑt əˈlaʊ ˈjuˈɛs tɪ ˈɛnər ˈɪntu temptation”*” ənd nɑt lɛt ˈjuˈɛs jild tɪ temptation.”*.” ˈkænɑt bi ˈtɛmptɪd baɪ ˈivəl ənd hi hɪmˈsɛlf tɛmpts noʊ one”*”; ɔn ðə ˈkɑntrɛri, hi wɔnts tɪ sɛt ˈjuˈɛs fri frəm ˈivəl. wi æsk ɪm nɑt tɪ əˈlaʊ ˈjuˈɛs tɪ teɪk ðə weɪ ðət lidz tɪ sɪn. wi ər ɪnˈgeɪʤd ɪn ðə ˈbætəl flɛʃ ənd spirit”*”; ðɪs pəˈtɪʃən ˌɪmˈplɔrz ðə ˈspɪrɪt əv dɪˈsərnmənt ənd strɛŋθ. wi juz ɛz ˈlɪtərəl ə trænzˈleɪʃən əv ðə prɛr ɛz ˈpɑsəbəl? ɔˈrɛdi nɑt duɪŋ soʊ. ðə ˈpriviəs pəˈtɪʃən ɪn ðə ˈstændərd ˈkæθlɪk ˈvərʒən ridz fərˈgɪv ˈjuˈɛs ɑr trespasses*, ɛz wi fərˈgɪv ðoʊz hu ˈtrɛˌspæs əˈgɛnst us.”*.” nɑt wət ðə grik ˈlɪtərəli sɪz. ɪt sɪz, fərˈgɪv ˈjuˈɛs ɑr dɛts, ɛz wi ˈɔlsoʊ hæv fərˈgɪvən ɑr debtors”*” (mæt. dɛts ər ə səˈmɪtɪk ˈmɛtəfɔr fər sɪnz, ənd ðə ˈɪŋlɪʃ trænzˈleɪtərz hæv ˈrɛndərd ðɪs ɛz ““trespasses”*” tɪ meɪk ðə ˈkɑnsɛpt ˈklɪrər tɪ english-speakers*. luk dɪd ðə seɪm θɪŋ fər ɪn hɪz ˈvərʒən əv ðə prɛr, wɛr ðɪs pəˈtɪʃən ridz, fərˈgɪv ˈjuˈɛs ɑr sɪnz, fər wi ɑrˈsɛlvz fərˈgɪv ˈɛvəri wən hu ɪz ˌɪnˈdɛtɪd tɪ us”*” (luk ˈnoʊtɪs haʊ luk ʃɪfts ðə fərst ˈrɛfərəns tɪ ““debts”*” tɪ ““sins”*” tɪ meɪk ðə ˈminɪŋ ˈklɪrər. ˈɔlsoʊ noʊt ðət, sɪns luk ɪz dɪˈvaɪnli ˌɪnˈspaɪərd, gɑd hæv ə ˌfəndəˈmɛnəl ˈprɑbləm wɪθ ˈjuzɪŋ lɛs ˈlɪtərəl trænzˈleɪʃənz tɪ hɛlp ˈpipəl ˌəndərˈstænd. ɪf ðə ˈkæθlɪk ʧərʧ ʧeɪnʤd ɪts trænzˈleɪʃən, bi aʊt əv sɪŋk wɪθ ˈəðər ˈkrɪsʧɪnz. ɔl ˈkrɪsʧɪnz hu spik ðə seɪm ˈlæŋgwɪʤ juz ðə seɪm ˈvərʒən əv ðə prɛr? ɔˈrɛdi nɑt. nɑt ˈoʊnli du ˈkæθlɪks juz ““trespasses”*” wɛr ˈprɑtəstənts juz ““debts,”*,” ˈprɑtəstənts ˈɔlsoʊ ˈtɪpɪkəli æd ə ˈkoʊdə æt ðə ɛnd: fər ðaɪn ɪz ðə ˈkɪŋdəm ənd ðə paʊər ənd ðə ˈglɔri, fər ˈɛvər. nɑt ɪn ðə ərˈɪʤənəl grik ˈmænjəˌskrɪpts ənd əˈpɛrəntli ˈstɑrtɪd ɪn ðə ˈlɪtərʤi ənd ðɛn krɛpt ˈɪntu səm ˈleɪtər ˈkɑpiz əv ˈmæθju, wɪʧ wər juzd baɪ ˈprɑtəstənt trænzˈleɪtərz ˈərli ɔn. (ˈmɑdərn ˈprɑtəstənt trænzˈleɪʃənz ˈtɪpɪkəli oʊˈmɪt ðɪs laɪn ər ˈrɛləˌgeɪt ɪt tɪ ə ˈfʊtˌnoʊt ɛz ə rɪˈzəlt.) bət ˈʃʊrli ə vaɪəˈleɪʃən əv wɪl fər ˈkrɪsʧɪnz tɪ bi ˈjuzɪŋ ˈdɪfərənt ˈvərʒənz əv ðə prɛr! ju maɪt θɪŋk ðət, bət ðə ˈbaɪbəl ˈɪndɪˌkeɪts ˈəðərˌwaɪz. ðɛr hæv bɪn ˈdɪfərənsɪz ɪn haʊ ðə prɛr ɪz sɛd goʊɪŋ ɔl ðə weɪ bæk tɪ ðə bɪˈgɪnɪŋ. wi noʊ ðət ɪn ðə fərst ˈsɛnʧəri səm wər ˈjuzɪŋ ˈvərʒən, wɪʧ ridz: ɑr ˈfɑðər hu ɑrt ɪn ˈhɛvən, ˈhæloʊd bi ðaɪ neɪm. ðaɪ ˈkɪŋdəm kəm. ðaɪ wɪl bi dən, ɔn ərθ ɛz ɪt ɪz ɪn ˈhɛvən. gɪv ˈjuˈɛs ðɪs deɪ ɑr ˈdeɪli brɛd; ənd fərˈgɪv ˈjuˈɛs ɑr dɛts, ɛz wi ˈɔlsoʊ hæv fərˈgɪvən ɑr ˈdɛtərz; ənd lɛd ˈjuˈɛs nɑt ˈɪntu tɛmˈteɪʃən, bət dɪˈlɪvər ˈjuˈɛs frəm ˈivəl (mæt. bət ˈəðər (əˈspɛʃəli ðoʊz baɪ st*. pɔl) juzd ə kwaɪt ˈdɪfərənt ənd ˈʃɔrtər ˈvərʒən: ˈfɑðər, ˈhæloʊd bi ðaɪ neɪm. ðaɪ ˈkɪŋdəm kəm. gɪv ˈjuˈɛs iʧ deɪ ɑr ˈdeɪli brɛd; ənd fərˈgɪv ˈjuˈɛs ɑr sɪnz, fər wi ɑrˈsɛlvz fərˈgɪv ˈɛvəri wən hu ɪz ˌɪnˈdɛtɪd tɪ ˈjuˈɛs; ənd lɛd ˈjuˈɛs nɑt ˈɪntu tɛmˈteɪʃən (luk ðɛr maɪt bi ə ˈsərtən dɪˌzaɪrəˈbɪlɪti fər ɔl ˈkrɪsʧɪnz tɪ bi ˈeɪbəl tɪ seɪ ðə seɪm ˈvərʒən əv ðə seɪm prɛr, bət θɪŋk əˈbaʊt wət gɑt hir: tu ˈdɪfərənt dɪˈvaɪnli ˌɪnˈspaɪərd ˈvərʒənz əv ðə prɛr. ˌwəˈtɛvər juˈtɪləti ðɛr meɪ bi tɪ ə ˈkɑmən ˌrɛsəˈteɪʃən əv ðə prɛr, ɪt ə ˌfəndəˈmɛnəl praɪˈɔrəti fər gɑd ər hi hæv ˈgɪvɪn ˈjuˈɛs tu ˈdɪfərənt ˌɪnˈspaɪərd ˈvərʒənz ɪn ðə ˈbaɪbəl. ər ðə frɛnʧ duɪŋ ˈsəmθɪŋ ˈɪnəˌveɪtɪv ənd ənˈhərd əv baɪ ˈʧeɪnʤɪŋ ðɛr ˈvərʒən əv ðə trænzˈleɪʃən? noʊ. ðə ˈstændərd ˈspænɪʃ ənd ˈpɔrʧəˌgiz trænzˈleɪʃənz ɔˈrɛdi hæv ðə ɪkˈwɪvələnt əv nɑt lɛt ˈjuˈɛs fɔl ˈɪntu temptation.”*.” ðə frɛnʧ ər ʤɪst duɪŋ ðə seɪm θɪŋ naʊ. (ˌɪnsɪˈdɛntəli, ðə fækt ðə poʊp ɪz ə ˈneɪtɪv minz juzd tɪ ðə ˈspænɪʃ ˈvərʒən wɪθ nɑt lɛt ˈjuˈɛs fɔl ˈɪntu temptation,”*,” soʊ wən maɪt ɪkˈspɛkt ɪm tɪ hæv ə ˈprɛfərəns fər ɪt.) ʃʊd ˈprɑtəstənts bi wərkt əp əˈbaʊt ðɪs? nɑt ˈrɪli. ðeɪ ʃʊd bi ˈeɪbəl tɪ ˈrɛkəgˌnaɪz ðə pɔɪnts meɪd ər nɑt ðə poʊp ˈplænɪŋ ɔn duɪŋ ˈɛniˌθɪŋ æt ɔl hir, məʧ lɛs ˈɛniˌθɪŋ ðət wʊd əˈfɛkt ðɛm. ˈprɑtəstənts ˈɔlsoʊ hæv ˈdɪfərənt ˈvərʒənz əv ðə prɛr ɪn ˈsərkjəˌleɪʃən ɪn ðɛr oʊn kəmˈjunɪtiz. səm juz ðə ˈvərʒən streɪt aʊt əv ðə kɪŋ ˌoʊldˈfæʃənd wərdz laɪk ““art”*” ənd ““thy.”*.” bət ˈəðərz juz mɔr ˈmɑdərn ˈlæŋgwɪʤ ˈvərʒənz, wɪθ tərmz laɪk ““is”*” ənd ““your.”*.” fər ðət ˈmætər, səm ˈprɑtəstənt trænzˈleɪʃənz ɔˈrɛdi ˈvɛri ðə læst pəˈtɪʃən əˈlɔŋ ðə laɪnz dɪˈskəst əˈbəv. hir ər səm ɪgˈzæmpəlz: ənd doʊnt lɛt ˈjuˈɛs jild tɪ tɛmˈteɪʃən, bət ˈrɛskju ˈjuˈɛs frəm ðə ˈivəl wən (nu ˈlɪvɪŋ trænzˈleɪʃən). doʊnt əˈlaʊ ˈjuˈɛs tɪ bi ˈtɛmptɪd. ˌɪnˈstɛd, ˈrɛskju ˈjuˈɛs frəm ðə ˈivəl wən wərd trænzˈleɪʃən). kip ˈjuˈɛs frəm biɪŋ ˈtɛmptɪd ənd prəˈtɛkt ˈjuˈɛs frəm ˈivəl (kənˈtɛmpərˌɛri ˈɪŋlɪʃ ˈvərʒən). du nɑt lɛt ˈjuˈɛs bi ˈtɛmptɪd, bət kip ˈjuˈɛs frəm sɪn (nu laɪf ˈvərʒən). soʊ raɪt hir? ˈnoʊˌbɑˌdi ɪz dɪˈfɪnɪtɪvli ɪn ðə raɪt ər ɪn ðə rɔŋ. ðə dɪˈvaɪnli ˌɪnˈspaɪərd wərd əv gɑd gɪvz ˈjuˈɛs tu ˈvɛri ˈdɪfərənt ˈvərʒənz əv ðə prɛr, wɪʧ ʃoʊz ˈjuˈɛs ðət gɑd dɪz nɑt maɪnd ˈdɪfərənt ˈvərʒənz biɪŋ ɪn ˈsərkjəˌleɪʃən. ˈfərðər, wən əv ðiz ˌɪnˈspaɪərd ˈvərʒənz (luke’s*) ˈjuzɪz ə lɛs ˈlɪtərəl trænzˈleɪʃən əv jesus’*’ ərˈɪʤənəl (i.e*., ““sins”*” ˌɪnˈstɛd əv ““debts”*”), soʊ gɑd hæv ə ˌfəndəˈmɛnəl ˈprɑbləm wɪθ lɛs ˈlɪtərəl trænzˈleɪʃənz ɛz ə weɪ əv ˈhɛlpɪŋ ˈpipəl ˌəndərˈstænd wət ðeɪ ər seɪɪŋ. wi kən ækˈnɑlɪʤ ðə ˈbɛnəfɪts əv ˈhævɪŋ ə ˈkɑmən ˈvərʒən wi juz təˈgɛðər ɪn ðə ˈlɪtərʤi, ənd ˈpərsənəli, aɪ ˈfeɪvər ˈʧeɪnʤɪŋ ðə ˈɪŋlɪʃ ˈvərʒən əv ɪt. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, nɑt ˈɛniˌθɪŋ ˈɛniˌwən ɪz ðə poʊp, ənd nɑt ðə juz. ˈbɪʃəps. soʊ ʧɪl ənd ˈrɛkəgˌnaɪz ðɪs fər wət ɪt ɪz: jɛt əˈnəðər keɪs əv ðə ˈmidiə duɪŋ ə sˈlɑpi, ˌɪnˈkɑmpətənt ʤɑb.
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james tissot, “the lord’s prayer”, ca. 1890
no, pope francis is not changing the lord’s prayer
this is a classic case of the pope saying something and the media distorting it.
newspapers and websites erupted over the weekend with headlines like:
shame on all of them.
the pope didn’t call for any changes.
this is a classic case of the pope saying something and the media going hog-wild and completely distorting it.
how did all this start?
italian television aired an hourlong interview with pope francis in which he was asked about a new version of the lord’s prayer in france.
you can watch the interview (in italian) here.
what did the french church do?
they adopted a new translation of the lord’s prayer for use in the liturgy. it went into effect on the first sunday of advent (which is why pope francis was being asked about it).
basically, they changed the line that in english reads “and lead us not into temptation” to one that means “do not let us fall into temptation.”
what did pope francis say about this?
he reportedly said:
the french have changed the text and their translation says “don't let me fall into temptation,” . . . it's me who falls. it's not him who pushes me into temptation, as if i fell. a father doesn't do that. a father helps you to get up right away. the one who leads into temptation is satan.
various accounts also report him saying that the “lead us not into temptation” rendering is not a good translation because it is misleading to modern ears.
so he isn’t about to impose a new translation on everybody?
no. commenting that a translation can be misleading is not the same thing as mandating a new one. people have grown up with the lord’s prayer, and changing it is a big deal.
the french bishops thought it was worth making a change, but it’s up to local episcopal conferences what they want to do in this regard.
the new york times reports, though, that “the pope suggested that italian catholics might want to follow suit.”
what does the “lead us not into temptation” line really mean?
it depends on what kind of translation you are doing.
the greek verb in this passage—eisphero—means “bring,” so “do not bring us into temptation” or “lead us not into temptation” are good, literal translations.
however, that’s not all there is to the story.
theologically speaking, god does not tempt anyone. thus the book of james states:
let no one say when he is tempted, “i am tempted by god”; for god cannot be tempted with evil and he himself tempts no one; but each person is tempted when he is lured and enticed by his own desire (jas. 1:13-14).
the petition in the lord’s prayer thus needs to be understood as a request that god protect us from temptation.
the catechism of the catholic church states:
ccc 2846 this petition goes to the root of the preceding one, for our sins result from our consenting to temptation; we therefore ask our father not to “lead” us into temptation. it is difficult to translate the greek verb used by a single english word: the greek means both “do not allow us to enter into temptation” and “do not let us yield to temptation.” “god cannot be tempted by evil and he himself tempts no one”; on the contrary, he wants to set us free from evil. we ask him not to allow us to take the way that leads to sin. we are engaged in the battle “between flesh and spirit”; this petition implores the spirit of discernment and strength.
shouldn’t we use as literal a translation of the lord’s prayer as possible?
we’re already not doing so.
the previous petition in the standard catholic version reads “and forgive us our trespasses, as we forgive those who trespass against us.”
that’s not what the greek literally says.
it says, “and forgive us our debts, as we also have forgiven our debtors” (matt. 6:12).
debts are a semitic metaphor for sins, and the english translators have rendered this non-literally as “trespasses” to make the concept clearer to english-speakers.
luke did the same thing for greek-speakers in his version of the lord’s prayer, where this petition reads, “and forgive us our sins, for we ourselves forgive every one who is indebted to us” (luke 11:4).
notice how luke shifts the first reference to “debts” to “sins” to make the meaning clearer.
also note that, since luke is divinely inspired, god doesn’t have a fundamental problem with using less literal translations to help people understand.
if the catholic church changed its translation, we’d be out of sync with other christians. shouldn’t all christians who speak the same language use the same version of the lord’s prayer?
we’re already not.
not only do english-speaking catholics use “trespasses” where protestants use “debts,” english-speaking protestants also typically add a coda at the end:
for thine is the kingdom and the power and the glory, for ever.
that’s not in the original greek manuscripts and apparently started in the liturgy and then crept into some later copies of matthew, which were used by protestant translators early on.
(modern protestant translations typically omit this line or relegate it to a footnote as a result.)
but surely it’s a violation of god’s will for christians to be using different versions of the lord’s prayer!
you might think that, but the bible indicates otherwise. there have been differences in how the lord’s prayer is said going all the way back to the beginning.
we know that in the first century some greek-speakers were using matthew’s version, which reads:
our father who art in heaven,
hallowed be thy name.
thy kingdom come.
thy will be done, on earth as it is in heaven.
give us this day our daily bread;
and forgive us our debts, as we also have forgiven our debtors;
and lead us not into temptation, but deliver us from evil (matt. 6:9-13).
but other greek-speakers (especially those evangelized by st. paul) used a quite different and shorter version:
father,
hallowed be thy name.
thy kingdom come.
give us each day our daily bread;
and forgive us our sins, for we ourselves forgive every one who is indebted to us;
and lead us not into temptation (luke 11:2-4).
there might be a certain desirability for all christians to be able to say the same version of the same prayer, but think about what we’ve got here: two different divinely inspired versions of the prayer.
whatever utility there may be to a common recitation of the lord’s prayer, it isn’t a fundamental priority for god or he wouldn’t have given us two different inspired versions in the bible.
are the french doing something innovative and unheard of by changing their version of the translation?
no. the standard spanish and portuguese translations already have the equivalent of “do not let us fall into temptation.”
the french are just doing the same thing now.
(incidentally, the fact the pope is a native spanish-speaker means he’s used to the spanish version with “do not let us fall into temptation,” so one might expect him to have a preference for it.)
should protestants be worked up about this?
not really. they should be able to recognize the points made above—which are not controversial—and the pope isn’t planning on doing anything at all here, much less anything that would affect them.
protestants also have different versions of the lord’s prayer in circulation in their own communities.
some use the version straight out of the king james—with old-fashioned words like “art” and “thy.” but others use more modern language versions, with terms like “is” and “your.”
for that matter, some less-literal protestant translations already vary the last petition along the lines discussed above. here are some examples:
and don't let us yield to temptation, but rescue us from the evil one (new living translation).
don't allow us to be tempted. instead, rescue us from the evil one (god’s word translation).
keep us from being tempted and protect us from evil (contemporary english version).
do not let us be tempted, but keep us from sin (new life version).
so who’s right here?
nobody is definitively in the right or in the wrong. the divinely inspired word of god gives us two very different versions of the lord’s prayer, which shows us that god does not mind different versions being in circulation.
further, one of these inspired versions (luke’s) uses a less literal translation of jesus’ original aramaic (i.e., “sins” instead of “debts”), so god doesn’t have a fundamental problem with less literal translations as a way of helping people understand what they are saying.
we can acknowledge the benefits of having a common version we use together in the liturgy, and personally, i wouldn’t favor changing the english version of it.
however, that’s not anything anyone is proposing—not the pope, and not the u.s. bishops.
so let’s chill and recognize this for what it is: yet another case of the media doing a sloppy, incompetent job.
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ɑrˈkeɪd faɪərz wɪl ˈbətlər ˈrisəntli rɪˈvild ðət hɪz ˈdeɪbju ˈsoʊˌloʊ ˈælbəm, ˈpɑləsi, wʊd əraɪv ɔn mɑrʧ 10 ˈviə mərʤ. (ɪts ˈɔlsoʊ aʊt mɑrʧ 16 ɪn ˈjʊrəp). təˈdeɪ, ðə ˈælbəm həz ə ˈgufi nu ɪt bɪˈloʊ. ðə sɔŋ "teɪk maɪ saɪd" ɪz sɛt tɪ prɛˈmɪr ˈleɪtər təˈdeɪ ɔn zeɪn loʊz ˌbibiˈsi ˈreɪdiˌoʊ 1 ʃoʊ. ə prɛs riˈlis noʊts ðət ðə ˈælbəm wɑz rɪˈkɔrdɪd ɪn ˈʤɪmi oʊld ˈlɪvɪŋ rum æt ɪˈlɛktrɪk ˈleɪdi ˈstudiˌoʊz ɪn nu jɔrk. ɪt wɑz meɪd ɪn tu wiks ənd ˈfiʧərz ɑrˈkeɪd faɪərz ˈʤɛrəˌmi ˈgærə ɔn drəmz. əˈsaɪd frəm ə fju səˈpɔrtɪŋ pleɪərz ɔn ˈwʊdˌwɪndz ənd ˈbækɪŋ ˈvoʊkəlz, ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ ɛls wɑz rɪˈkɔrdɪd baɪ ˈbətlər. ɪt ˈɔlsoʊ ridz: "ˈpɑləsi ɪz əˈmɛrɪkən ðə trəˈdɪʃən əv ðə ˈvaɪələnt femmes*, ðə ˈbridərz, ðə ˈmɑdərn ˈləvərz, bɑb ˈdɪlən, sˈmoʊki ˈrɑbənsən, ðə mægˈnɛtɪk fildz, killah*. ənd ʤɑn ˈlɛnən (wɪʧ kaʊnts)."
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arcade fire's will butler recently revealed that his debut solo album, policy, would arrive on march 10 via merge. (it's also out march 16 in europe). today, the album has a goofy new trailer—watch it below. the song "take my side" is set to premiere later today on zane lowe's bbc radio 1 show.
a press release notes that the album was recorded in jimi hendrix's old living room at electric lady studios in new york. it was made in two weeks and features arcade fire's jeremy gara on drums. aside from a few supporting players on woodwinds and backing vocals, everything else was recorded by butler.
it also reads: "policy is american music—in the tradition of the violent femmes, the breeders, the modern lovers, bob dylan, smokey robinson, the magnetic fields, ghostface killah. and john lennon (which counts)."
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hp* ɪz sˈloʊli ˈbɪldɪŋ aʊt ɪts kəˈlɛkʃən əv goog*) ˈtæbləts, kˈwaɪətli ˌɪntrəˈdusɪŋ ðə 8 ðə 8 ɪz ə ˈmɑdərətli praɪst sleɪt wɪθ gʊd lʊks, bət ˈsəmˈwət spɛks ðət fɔl ʃaɪ əv ɪts praɪs tæg. ˈfɪzɪkəli, ðə ˈtæblət ɪz ˈnaɪsli saɪzd ənd əˈtræktɪv. ɪt ˈmɛʒərz baɪ baɪ ˈɪnʧɪz ənd weɪz paʊnz. aɪ laɪk ðə waɪt ənd ˈsɪlvər ˈfɪnɪʃ, wɪʧ lʊks ə ˈlɪtəl lɛs ʤəˈnɛrɪk ðən ðə laɪn əv sleɪt ˈtæbləts. ðə lcd*, ɔn ðə ˈəðər hænd, ˈfiʧərz ʤɪst 1024 ɛks 768 ˈpɪksəl ˌrɛzəˈluʃən, wɪʧ wərks aʊt tɪ ə ˈgreɪni 163 ˈpɪksəlz pər ɪnʧ. ˌædvərˈtaɪzmənt ðə 8 ɪz ˈsəmˈwət ˌəndərˈpaʊərd ɛz wɛl. ˈrənɪŋ ɔn ə ʧɪp frəm ʧaɪˈniz ˈkəmpəˌni allwinner*, wɪʧ ɪz ˈsəmθɪŋ ju si ˈɛvəri deɪ. ɪt həz ʤɪst əv ræm, ənd əv ˈstɔrɪʤ, ðoʊ ə kɑrd slɑt ɪkˈspændəbəl əp tɪ ən əˈdɪʃənəl 32gb*. ðə ˈbætəri ɪz ə bɪt smɔl fər ðə skrin saɪz. ðə ˈtæblət ɪz ˈwaɪˌfaɪ ˈoʊnli ənd kəˈnɛkts ˈviə 802.11b/g/n*. ɪt rənz ˈænˌdrɔɪd ˈʤɛli bin, wɪʧ ɪz ə fju ˌʤɛnərˈeɪʃənz bɪˈhaɪnd ðə ˈleɪtəst ˈsɔfˌwɛr. ɔn ðə pləs saɪd, ðə 8 kəmz wɪθ əv fri ˈlaɪfˌtaɪm klaʊd ˈstɔrɪʤ frəm bɑks. ənd ðə praɪs tæg kʊd meɪk ɪt əˈtræktɪv tɪ nu ˈtæblət baɪərz hu laɪk ðə lʊk əv ðə ˈaɪˌpæd aapl*), bət wɔnt tɪ peɪ 399 fər ɪt.
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hp is slowly building out its collection of android(s goog) tablets, quietly introducing the hp 8. the hp 8 is a moderately priced slate with good looks, but somewhat underwhelming specs that fall shy of its $169.99 price tag.
physically, the tablet is nicely sized and attractive. it measures 7.8 by 5.3 by 0.31 inches and weighs 0.69 pounds. i like the white and silver finish, which looks a little less generic than the company’s line of slate tablets. the 7.85-inch ips lcd, on the other hand, features just 1024 x 768 pixel resolution, which works out to a grainy 163 pixels per inch.
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the hp 8 is somewhat underpowered as well. it’s running on a quad-core chip from chinese company allwinner, which is something you don’t see every day. it has just 1gb of ram, and 16gb of storage, though there’s a microsd card slot expandable up to an additional 32gb. the 3,800mah battery is a bit small for the screen size.
the tablet is wi-fi only and connects via 802.11b/g/n. it runs android 4.2.2 jelly bean, which is a few generations behind the latest kitkat software.
on the plus side, the hp 8 comes with 25gb of free lifetime cloud storage from box. and the $169.99 price tag could make it attractive to new tablet buyers who like the look of the ipad mini(s aapl), but don’t want to pay $399 for it.
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soʊ #woʊk ɪts ˈstupɪd: nu jɔrk taɪmz ənd ˌɛnərˈteɪnmənt ˈwikli kənˈtrɪbjətər ənd fɪlm rivˈjuər blæsts "ˈmərdər ɔn ðə ˈɔriˌɛnt ɪkˈsprɛs" ˈriˈmeɪk fər nɑt ˈfiʧərɪŋ ˈɛni... ˈeɪʒənz jəp. ˈmuvi kɔld "ˈɔriˌɛnt ɪkˈsprɛs" ənd aɪ doʊnt si ˈɛni ˈeɪʒən ˈpipəl ɔn hir rəˈbɛkə ˈθiəˌdɔr (@filmfatale_nyc*) meɪ 3 2017 ɪn keɪs jʊr wən əv ðə fju ˈpipəl hu ˈhævənt sin ˈɛni əv ðə ˈmɛni ˌhaɪˈproʊfaɪl ˈmuviz, ər rɛd ˈɛni əv ðə ˈpɑpjələr bʊks, əˈbaʊt ðə ˈɔriˌɛnt ɪkˈsprɛs (ˈmərdər ɔn ðə ˈɔriˌɛnt ɪkˈsprɛs, frəm ˈrəʃə wɪθ ləv biɪŋ tu ˈmeɪʤər wənz), ju ʃʊd noʊ ðət "ˈɔriˌɛnt" ɪn "ˈɔriˌɛnt ɪkˈsprɛs" rɪˈfərz tɪ wət wid naʊ kɔl ðə ˈvɛri nɪr nɪr ist, spəˈsɪfɪkli ˈtərki. ðə laɪn ræn frəm kəˈleɪ, fræns, θru ˈpɛrɪs ənd viˈɛnə ənd ˈbudəˌpɛʃt ənd ˈzɑˌgrɛb tɪ ɛnd æt ˌkɑnstæntəˈnoʊpəl. ɪn keɪs jʊr wən əv ðə fju ˈpipəl hu ˈhævənt sin ˈɛni əv ðə ˈmɛni ˌhaɪˈproʊfaɪl ˈmuviz, ər rɛd ˈɛni əv ðə ˈpɑpjələr bʊks, əˈbaʊt ðə ˈɔriˌɛnt ɪkˈsprɛs (biɪŋ tu ˈmeɪʤər wənz), ju ʃʊd noʊ ðət "ˈɔriˌɛnt" ɪn "ˈɔriˌɛnt ɪkˈsprɛs" rɪˈfərz tɪ wət wid naʊ ˈtərki. ðə laɪn ræn frəm kəˈleɪ, fræns, θru ˈpɛrɪs ənd viˈɛnə ənd ˈbudəˌpɛʃt ənd ˈzɑˌgrɛb tɪ ɛnd æt ˌkɑnstæntəˈnoʊpəl. ənd ðæts ɛz "ˈeɪʒən" ɛz ɪt gɑt: ˈtərki ˈbɔrdərɪŋ raɪt ɔn ðə ˈbɔlkən steɪts. ənd ðæts ɛz "ˈeɪʒən" ɛz ɪt gɑt: ˈtərki ˈbɔrdərɪŋ raɪt ɔn ðə ˈbɔlkən steɪts. ɪn fækt, ˈsəmˌwən ɔn tˈwɪtər ˈpɔɪntɪd aʊt ðə treɪn ˈnɛvər ˈivɪn riʧt ˈeɪʒə, ˈbrɔdli dɪˈfaɪnd tɪ ˌɪnˈklud "ˈeɪʒə ˈmaɪnər:" ðə treɪn ˈnɛvər krɔst ðə streɪt tɪ riʧ ˈækʧəwəl sorta-asia*, bət ˌɪnˈstɛd ˈɛndɪd ɔn ðə ˌjʊrəˈpiən saɪd əv ðə. ɪf ju ˈwɔntɪd tɪ ˈtrævəl ɔn tɪ ˈeɪʒə, jʊd nid tɪ baɪ ə ˈtɪkɪt fər ə water-crossing*. ɪn fækt, ˈsəmˌwən ɔn tˈwɪtər ˈpɔɪntɪd aʊt ðə treɪn ˈnɛvər ˈivɪn riʧt ˈeɪʒə, ˈbrɔdli dɪˈfaɪnd tɪ ˌɪnˈklud "ˈeɪʒə ˈmaɪnər:" ðə treɪn ˈnɛvər krɔst ðə streɪt tɪ riʧ ˈækʧəwəl sorta-asia*, bət ˌɪnˈstɛd ˈɛndɪd ɔn ðə ˌjʊrəˈpiən saɪd əv ðə. ɪf ju ˈwɔntɪd tɪ ˈtrævəl ɔn tɪ ˈeɪʒə, jʊd nid tɪ baɪ ə ˈtɪkɪt fər ə water-crossing*. bət ðət ˈwʊdənt bi ɔn ðə treɪn. bət ðət ˈwʊdənt bi ɔn ðə treɪn. ðə ˈrɑbərt riˈmaɪndɪd mi əv ˈsəmθɪŋ ɛls: nən əv ðə ˈstɔri ˈæˌkʧuəli ˈivɪn teɪks pleɪs ˈɛniˌwɛr ɪn ˈtərki. ðə ˈstɔri stɑrts æt kəˈleɪ, ðɛn ðeɪ pɪk əp səm mɔr ˈpæsənʤərz ɪn ˈpɛrɪs, ənd ðɛn ðeɪ ər blɑkt ɪn baɪ snoʊ ˈsəmˌwɛr ɪn kroʊˈeɪʃə. ðət ɪz wɪn ðə ˈmərdər ˈhæpənz, ənd ðət ɪz wɪn ɔl ðə dɪˈtɛkʃən ˈhæpənz, tu. ðə ˈstɔri ɛndz ɛz ðə treɪn ɪz ʤɪst ˈbreɪkɪŋ θru ðə snoʊ tɪ muv ɔn tɪ ˌkɑnstæntəˈnoʊpəl, bət ðeɪ ər ˈnɛvər ʃoʊn ˈmeɪkɪŋ ɪt ðɛr ər ˈɛniˌwɛr riˈmoʊtli "ˈeɪʒən." ðə ˈrɑbərt riˈmaɪndɪd mi əv ˈsəmθɪŋ ˈstɔri stɑrts æt kəˈleɪ, ðɛn ðeɪ pɪk əp səm mɔr ˈpæsənʤərz ɪn ˈpɛrɪs, ənd ðɛn ðeɪ ər blɑkt ɪn baɪ snoʊ ˈsəmˌwɛr ɪn kroʊˈeɪʃə. ðət ɪz wɪn ðə ˈmərdər ˈhæpənz, ənd ðət ɪz wɪn ɔl ðə dɪˈtɛkʃən ˈhæpənz, tu., bət ðeɪ ər ˈnɛvər ʃoʊn ˈmeɪkɪŋ ɪt ðɛr ər ˈɛniˌwɛr riˈmoʊtli "ˈeɪʒən." bət əˈpɛrəntli ðɪs fɪlm ˈkrɪtɪk huz neɪm ɔn tˈwɪtər, "filmfatale_nyc*," ɪz ə ˈrɛfərəns tɪ ðə əv ə fɛm fatale*, soʊ jʊd θɪŋk ʃid hæv æt list hɛd əv ðə moʊst ˈfeɪməs ˈstɔri pɛnd baɪ ðə moʊst ˈfeɪməs dɪˈtɛktɪv ˈraɪtər əv ɔl taɪm (wɛl, taɪd fər fərst pleɪs) θɪŋks ðə ˈɔriˌɛnt ɪkˈsprɛs ˈæˌkʧuəli ˈtrævəlz tɪ hɔŋ kɔŋg ər wɛˈrɛvər soʊ ʃiz ɪkˈspɛktɪŋ tɪ si ə treɪn fɪld wɪθ ˈeɪʒən ˈfeɪsɪz. bət əˈpɛrəntli ðɪs fɪlm ˈkrɪtɪk huz neɪm ɔn tˈwɪtər, "filmfatale_nyc*," ɪz ə ˈrɛfərəns tɪ ðə əv ə fɛm fatale*, soʊ jʊd θɪŋk ʃid hæv æt ðə moʊst ˈfeɪməs ˈstɔri pɛnd baɪ ðə moʊst ˈfeɪməs dɪˈtɛktɪv ˈraɪtər əv ɔl taɪm (wɛl, taɪd fər fərst pleɪs) θɪŋks ðə ˈɔriˌɛnt ɪkˈsprɛs ˈæˌkʧuəli ˈtrævəlz tɪ hɔŋ kɔŋg ər wɛˈrɛvər soʊ ʃiz ɪkˈspɛktɪŋ tɪ si ə treɪn fɪld wɪθ ˈeɪʒən ˈfeɪsɪz. aɪ doʊnt wɔnt tɪ spɔɪl ðɪs fər ˈɛniˌwən, bət ðɪs ˈstɔri rikˈwaɪərz mɔr ðən moʊst ə ˈvɛri spɪˈsɪfɪk sɛt əv ˈkɛrɪktərz (θɪŋk: ˈsikrɪt riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪps), ənd ju kænt ʤɪst kæst ə ʧaɪˈniz ˈæktrəs ɛz ðə kraʊn ˈprɪnsɛs əv ˈrəʃə ər ə trænˈsɛkʃjuəl ɛz ə həŋˈgɛriən ˈkaʊntəs. aɪ doʊnt wɔnt tɪ spɔɪl ðɪs fər ˈɛniˌwən, bət ðɪs ðən moʊst ə ˈvɛri spɪˈsɪfɪk sɛt əv ˈkɛrɪktərz (θɪŋk: ˈsikrɪt riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪps), ənd ju kænt ʤɪst kæst ə ʧaɪˈniz ˈæktrəs ɛz ə trænˈsɛkʃjuəl ɛz ə həŋˈgɛriən ˈkaʊntəs. ðɪs ˈɪˌdiət, hu ɪz ˈɑbviəsli əˈbaʊt ðə ˈbeɪsɪks əv hər oʊn əˈlɛʤd kræft, kˈwɪkli priˈtɛndɪd tɪ noʊ ɔl ðiz θɪŋz, bət ðɛn bɪˈgæn ðət ðə fɪlm ʃʊd bi "race-bent*" tɪ ˌɪnˈklud ə ˈreɪʃəl ˈmæˌkoʊvər. ðɪs ˈɪˌdiət, hu ɪz ˈɑbviəsli əˈbaʊt ðə ˈbeɪsɪks əv hər oʊn əˈlɛʤd kræft, kˈwɪkli priˈtɛndɪd tɪ noʊ ɔl ðiz θɪŋz, bət ðɛn bɪˈgæn ðət ðə fɪlm ʃʊd bi "race-bent*" tɪ ˌɪnˈklud ə ˈreɪʃəl ˈmæˌkoʊvər. əˈgɛn ʃi ˈdɛmənˌstreɪts hər ˌɪnˈkrɛdəbəl ˈɪgnərəns: ə ˈbrɪtɪʃ ˈsoʊlʤər pleɪd ɪn ðə 1974 ˈspɛktəkəl baɪ ʃɔn ˈkɑnəri ɪz naʊ pleɪd baɪ ə blæk ˈæktər, ənd ə sˈwidɪʃ ˌjuˌmænəˈtɛriən rɪˈlif ˈwərkər pleɪd baɪ ˈbərgmən (hu næbd ən ˈɔskər) ɪz naʊ pleɪd baɪ pəˈnɛləpi kruz. əˈgɛn ʃi ˈdɛmənˌstreɪts hər ˌɪnˈkrɛdəbəl ˈɪgnərəns: ə ˈbrɪtɪʃ ˈsoʊlʤər pleɪd ɪn ðə 1974 ˈspɛktəkəl naʊ pleɪd baɪ ə blæk ˈæktər, ənd rɪˈlif ˈwərkər pleɪd baɪ ˈbərgmən (hu næbd ən ˈɔskər) ɪz naʊ pleɪd baɪ tu ˈkeɪsɪz wɛr ðə fɪlm ər ə hɪˈstɔrɪkəli waɪt roʊl prɪˈsaɪsli tɪ kəmˈpleɪnts frəm ðə soʊˈsaɪɪti əv ˈreɪʃəl ənd priˈtɛndɪŋ tɪ kɛr əˈbaʊt ɑrt. tu ˈkeɪsɪz wɛr ðə fɪlm ər ə hɪˈstɔrɪkəli waɪt roʊl bət noʊ ˈeɪʒənz ɔn ə treɪn ˈmuvɪŋ ɪnˈtaɪərli θru ˈjʊrəp ɪn ðə. bət noʊ ˈeɪʒənz ɔn ə treɪn ˈmuvɪŋ ɪnˈtaɪərli θru ˈjʊrəp ɪn ðə. əm nɑt kəmˈpleɪnɪŋ əˈbaʊt ðə "race-bending*" ðə ˈkɑnəri roʊl ɪz wən əv ðə fju pɑrts wɛr ju kən hæv ə blæk ˈæktər stɛp ɪn ənd nɑt lʊk kəmˈplitli əˌnækrəˈnɪstɪk (ðoʊ, stɪl ju noʊ, ˈprɪti əˌnækrəˈnɪstɪk), ənd ðɛrz noʊ ˈrizən ðə sˈwidɪʃ ˈwʊmən məst bi sˈwidɪʃ. əm nɑt kəmˈpleɪnɪŋ əˈbaʊt ðə "race-bending*" ðə ˈkɑnəri roʊl ɪz wən əv ðə fju pɑrts wɛr ju kən hæv ə blæk ˈæktər stɛp ɪn ənd nɑt lʊk kəmˈplitli əˌnækrəˈnɪstɪk (ðoʊ, stɪl ju noʊ, ˈprɪti əˌnækrəˈnɪstɪk), ənd ðɛrz noʊ ˈrizən ðə sˈwidɪʃ ˈwʊmən məst bi sˈwidɪʃ. bət fər moʊst əv ðə ˈəðər pɑrts jɛs, ˈgɪvɪn ðət ə lɔt ˈkɛrɪktərz hæv fəˈmɪljəl roʊˈmæntɪk riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪps, ər ər ˈækʧəwəl ˌjʊrəˈpiən noʊˈbɪləti, ɪt wʊd bi ə bɪt tu əˌnækrəˈnɪstɪk tɪ ʤɪst seɪ "oʊ, ðə həŋˈgɛriən ˈkaʊntəs ɪz ˈmɛrid tɪ ðɪs ˌʤæpəˈniz gaɪ. bɪˈkəz ðæts ə θɪŋ ðət ˈhæpənz ɪn ðə ˌjʊrəˈpiən noʊˈbɪləti." bət fər moʊst əv ðə ˈəðər pɑrts jɛs, ˈgɪvɪn ðət ə lɔt ˈkɛrɪktərz hæv fəˈmɪljəl roʊˈmæntɪk riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪps,, ɪt wʊd bi ə bɪt tu əˌnækrəˈnɪstɪk tɪ ʤɪst seɪ "oʊ, ðə həŋˈgɛriən ˈkaʊntəs ɪz ˈmɛrid tɪ ðɪs ˌʤæpəˈniz gaɪ. ɪt ɪz ˈɑbviəs ðət ðɪs "fɪlm rivˈjuər" ɪz ˌæbsəˈlutli ˈɪgnərənt əv wən əv ðə moʊst ˈfeɪməs ˈmuviz əv ðə 1970s*, ənd ðə moʊst ˈfeɪməs ˈægəθə ˈkrɪsti ˈmuvi ˈɛvər, ər ɛls ʃid noʊ ðət ʃɔn ˈkɑnəri ənd ˈɪŋgrɪd ˈbərgmən pleɪd ðoʊz waɪt roʊlz ɪn ðə ərˈɪʤənəl. ɪt ɪz ˈɑbviəs ðət ðɪs "fɪlm rivˈjuər" ɪz ˌæbsəˈlutli ˈɪgnərənt əv wən əv ðə moʊst ˈfeɪməs ˈmuviz əv ðə 1970s*, ənd ðə moʊst ˈfeɪməs ˈægəθə ˈkrɪsti ˈmuvi ˈɛvər, ər ɛls ʃid noʊ ðət ʃɔn ˈkɑnəri ənd ˈɪŋgrɪd ˈbərgmən pleɪd ðoʊz waɪt roʊlz ɪn ðə ərˈɪʤənəl. ənd ʃid noʊ ðət ðə ˈɔriˌɛnt ɪkˈsprɛs, wən əv ðə moʊst fɪlmd ənd treɪnz ɪn ˈhɑliˌwʊd ˈhɪstəri, dɪz nɑt ˈivɪn krɔs ˈɪntu ˈsəmˌwɛr ju kʊd ˈivɪn seɪ ɪz "ˈeɪʒə." ənd ʃid noʊ ðət ðə ˈɔriˌɛnt ɪkˈsprɛs, wən əv ðə moʊst fɪlmd ənd treɪnz ɪn ˈhɑliˌwʊd ˈhɪstəri, bət ðæts ðə weɪ ðə wərld wərks naʊ ju du nɑt hæv tɪ noʊ ˈækʧəwəl fækts, ju ʤɪst hæv tɪ noʊ ðə θri ər fɔr ˈæŋgəlz əv ˈsoʊʃəl ˈʤəstɪs əˈtæk ənd rɪˈpit ðoʊz fərˈɛvər. bət ðæts ðə weɪ ðə wərld wərks naʊ ju du nɑt hæv tɪ noʊ ˈækʧəwəl fækts, ju ʤɪst hæv tɪ noʊ ðə θri ər fɔr ˈæŋgəlz əv ˈsoʊʃəl ˈʤəstɪs əˈtæk ənd rɪˈpit ðoʊz fərˈɛvər. aɪ rɪˈmɛmbər ˈrɛdɪŋ ən ˈɛˌseɪ əˈbaʊt græm grinz ðə paʊər ənd ðə ˈglɔri. aɪ ˈnɛvər rɛd ðə paʊər ənd ðə ˈglɔri, bət ðət ˈdɪdənt ˈmætər, bɪˈkəz ðə "critiquer*" ˈnɛvər dɪd ˈiðər, ər æt list ˈnɛvər geɪv ˈɛvədəns əv ˈhævɪŋ dən soʊ. kəmˈplitli ˌɪgˈnɔrɪŋ ðə ˈkɛrɪktərz, ðə ˈsɛtɪŋ, ənd ðə plɑt, ðə (ə ˈfɔˌrənər əv ˈtudeɪz ˈkrɪtɪks) ʤɪst ˈpɔɪntɪd aʊt ˈstupɪd ʃɪt laɪk wɪn wən ˈkɛrɪktər hænz ən ˈɑbʤɛkt tɪ əˈnəðər ˈkɛrɪktər, ðæts ə saɪn əv ə "paʊər riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪp" bɪtˈwin ðɛm, wɪθ ðə ˈgɪvər ʃoʊɪŋ paʊər ˈoʊvər ðə givee*, ənd ʃɪt laɪk ðət. aɪ rɪˈmɛmbər ˈrɛdɪŋ ən ˈɛˌseɪ əˈbaʊt græm grinz. aɪ ˈnɛvər rɛd ðə paʊər ənd ðə ˈglɔri, bət ðət ˈdɪdənt ˈmætər, bɪˈkəz ðə "critiquer*" ˈnɛvər dɪd ˈiðər, ər æt list ˈnɛvər geɪv ˈɛvədəns əv ˈhævɪŋ dən soʊ. kəmˈplitli ˌɪgˈnɔrɪŋ ðə ˈkɛrɪktərz, ðə ˈsɛtɪŋ, ənd ðə plɑt, ðə (ə ˈfɔˌrənər əv ˈtudeɪz ˈkrɪtɪks) ʤɪst ˈpɔɪntɪd aʊt ˈstupɪd ʃɪt laɪk wɪn wən ˈkɛrɪktər hænz ən ˈɑbʤɛkt tɪ əˈnəðər ˈkɛrɪktər, ðæts ə saɪn əv ə "paʊər riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪp" bɪtˈwin ðɛm, wɪθ ðə ˈgɪvər ʃoʊɪŋ paʊər ˈoʊvər ðə givee*, ənd ʃɪt laɪk ðət. ənd naʊ "fɪlm ˈkrɪtɪks" ˈhævənt sin ˈɛni ˈmuviz, ər əˈpɛrəntli ˈhævənt ˈivɪn hərd əv wən əv ðə moʊst ˈfeɪməs ˈtaɪtəlz ɪn ˈhɪstəri (soʊ ðət ˈmeɪbi ɪt wʊd ʤɑg ə ˈmɛməri ənd səˈʤɛst ə kwɪk ˈwɪkiˌpiˌdiə look-up*), bət ðeɪ du noʊ ðɛr səˈpoʊzd tɪ dɪˈplɔɪ wən əv ðɛr faɪv ˈtrɛʒərd laɪnz əv ˈreɪʃəl əˈtæk əˈgɛnst ɪt, ənd ðæts ɪˈnəf fər ðə nu jɔrk taɪmz. ənd naʊ "fɪlm ˈkrɪtɪks" ˈhævənt sin ˈɛni ˈmuviz, ər əˈpɛrəntli ˈhævənt wən əv ðə moʊst ˈfeɪməs ˈtaɪtəlz ɪn ˈhɪstəri (soʊ ðət ˈmeɪbi ɪt wʊd ʤɑg ə ˈmɛməri ənd səˈʤɛst ə kwɪk ˈwɪkiˌpiˌdiə look-up*), bət ðeɪ du noʊ ðɛr səˈpoʊzd tɪ dɪˈplɔɪ wən əv ðɛr faɪv ˈtrɛʒərd laɪnz əv ˈreɪʃəl əˈtæk əˈgɛnst ɪt, ənd ðæts ɪˈnəf fər ðə bət goʊ ɔn bɪˈlivɪŋ ðɛm əˈbaʊt ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ ɛls ðeɪ seɪ ˈæftər ɔl, ðɛr ˈɛkspərts. bət goʊ ɔn bɪˈlivɪŋ ðɛm əˈbaʊt ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ ɛls ðeɪ seɪ ˈæftər ɔl, ðɛr ˈɛkspərts. ðeɪ toʊld ju soʊ, ˈdɪdənt ðeɪ? ðeɪ toʊld ju soʊ, ˈdɪdənt ðeɪ? baɪ ðə weɪ: ðə ˈpɔrtər fər ðə kəˈleɪ koʊʧ (wɛr ɔl ðə ˈækʃən ɪz) wɑz pleɪd baɪ ə waɪt frɛnʧ gaɪ ɪn ðə ərˈɪʤənəl (tru tɪ ðə ˈnɑvəl), bət naʊ simz tɪ bi pleɪd baɪ dutch-tunisian*.) aɪ ˈfɪgjərd "æˈlʤɪriən" soʊ ðeɪ kʊd æt list hæv ə gaɪ pleɪ ðə pɑrt əv ə ˈpɔrtər. baɪ ðə weɪ: ðə ˈpɔrtər fər ðə kəˈleɪ koʊʧ (wɛr ɔl ðə ˈækʃən ɪz) wɑz pleɪd baɪ ə waɪt frɛnʧ gaɪ ɪn ðə ərˈɪʤənəl (tru tɪ ðə ˈnɑvəl), bət naʊ simz tɪ bi pleɪd baɪ ə gaɪ neɪmd kenzari*, hu ɪz ˈpleɪnli æˈlʤɪriən ər ˈsəmθɪŋ. (aɪ wɑz rɔŋ: aɪ lʊkt ɪt əp, ənd hiz.) aɪ ˈfɪgjərd "æˈlʤɪriən" soʊ ðeɪ kʊd æt list hæv ə gaɪ pleɪ ðə pɑrt əv ə ˈpɔrtər. bət nɑ, gɪt ə dəʧ gaɪ. ɛ, ˌwəˈtɛvər. ðɛr traɪɪŋ tɪ "race-bend*" ðə kæst tɪ ðə ɪkˈstɛnt ðə plɑt wɪl əˈlaʊ. (ənd ɪt woʊnt əˈlaʊ tu məʧ.) bət nɑ, gɪt ə dəʧ gaɪ. ɛ, ðə ɪkˈstɛnt ðə plɑt wɪl əˈlaʊ. (ənd ɪt woʊnt əˈlaʊ tu məʧ.) soʊ əˈgɛn, ɪf ðɪs ˈfəkɪŋ ˈɪˌdiət ˈivɪn ˈbɑðərd tɪ fəˈmɪljərˌaɪz hərˈsɛlf wɪθ ˈɛni nuz əˈbaʊt ðɪs θɪŋ ʃi wɑz ˈkrɪtɪˌsaɪzɪŋ, ʃi wʊd hæv sin ðət jɛs, ðə prəˈdusərz hæd gɔn tɪ səm fɛr lɛŋθs tɪ əˈpiz ðə bean-counters*. soʊ əˈgɛn, ɪf ðɪs ˈfəkɪŋ ˈɪˌdiət ˈivɪn ˈbɑðərd tɪ fəˈmɪljərˌaɪz hərˈsɛlf əˈbaʊt ðɪs θɪŋ ʃi wɑz ˈkrɪtɪˌsaɪzɪŋ, ʃi wʊd hæv sin ðət jɛs, ðə prəˈdusərz hæd gɔn tɪ səm fɛr lɛŋθs tɪ əˈpiz ðə bean-counters*. baɪ ðə weɪ, ʃɔn ˈdeɪvɪs ðət ðə fərst gaɪ hu rɪˈspɑndɪd tɪ ðɪs, twit, ˈædɪŋ hɪz oʊn "ˈfəni" ʤoʊk ðət ðə "[ˈeɪʒənz] məst bi ðə wənz ˈteɪkɪŋ ðə ˈpɪkʧər [əv ðə waɪt kæst]" (haʊ ˈreɪsɪst!) ɪz, gɪt ðɪs, ə ˈraɪtər fər ðə səˈmænθə bi ˈproʊˌgræm. baɪ ðə weɪ, ʃɔn ˈdeɪvɪs ðət ðə fərst gaɪ hu rɪˈspɑndɪd tɪ ðɪs, twit, ˈædɪŋ hɪz oʊn "ˈfəni" ʤoʊk ðət ðə "[ˈeɪʒənz] məst bi ðə wənz ˈteɪkɪŋ ðə ˈpɪkʧər [əv ðə waɪt kæst]" (haʊ ˈreɪsɪst!) ɪz, gɪt ðɪs, ə ˈraɪtər fər ðə səˈmænθə bi ˈproʊˌgræm. ˈpoʊstɪd baɪ: eɪs æt piɛm poʊlz! poʊlz! poʊlz! ˈfrikwɛntli æst kˈwɛsʧənz ðə (ˈɔlˌmoʊst) kəmˈplit pɔl ˌɪnˈtɛgrəti kɪk tɔp tɔp tɛnz ˈgreɪtəst
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so #woke it's stupid: new york times and entertainment weekly contributor and film reviewer blasts "murder on the orient express" remake for not featuring any... asians yup. movie called "orient express" - and i don't see any asian people on here 👀👀👀👀👀 pic.twitter.com/dhm8w0gxzk — rebecca theodore (@filmfatale_nyc) may 3, 2017
in case you're one of the few people who haven't seen any of the many high-profile movies, or read any of the popular books, about the orient express (murder on the orient express, from russia with love being two major ones), you should know that "orient" in "orient express" refers to what we'd now call the very near near east, specifically turkey. the line ran from calais, france, through paris and vienna and budapest and zagreb to end at constantinople. in case you're one of the few people who haven't seen any of the many high-profile movies, or read any of the popular books, about the orient express (being two major ones), you should know that "orient" in "orient express" refers to what we'd now callspecifically turkey. the line ran from calais, france, through paris and vienna and budapest and zagreb to end at constantinople. and that's as "asian" as it got: turkey bordering right on the balkan states. and that's as "asian" as it got: turkey bordering right on the balkan states. in fact, someone on twitter pointed out the train never even reached asia, broadly defined to include "asia minor:" the train never crossed the bosphorus strait to reach actual sorta-asia, but instead ended on the european side of the bosphorus. if you wanted to travel on to asia, you'd need to buy a ticket for a water-crossing. in fact, someone on twitter pointed out the train never even reached asia, broadly defined to include "asia minor:" the train never crossed the bosphorus strait to reach actual sorta-asia, but instead ended on the european side of the bosphorus. if you wanted to travel on to asia, you'd need to buy a ticket for a water-crossing. but that wouldn't be on the train. but that wouldn't be on the train. the federalist's robert traczinsky reminded me of something else: none of the story actually even takes place anywhere in turkey. the story starts at calais, then they pick up some more passengers in paris, and then they are blocked in by snow somewhere in croatia. that is when the murder happens, and that is when all the detection happens, too. the story ends as the train is just breaking through the snow to move on to constantinople, but they are never shown making it there or disembarking anywhere remotely "asian." the federalist's robert traczinsky reminded me of something else:the story starts at calais, then they pick up some more passengers in paris, and then they are blocked in by snow somewhere in croatia. that is when the murder happens, and that is when all the detection happens, too., but they are never shown making it there or disembarking anywhere remotely "asian." but apparently this film critic -- whose name on twitter, "filmfatale_nyc," is a reference to the dic-fic trope of a femme fatale, so you'd think she'd have at least head of the most famous story penned by the most famous detective writer of all time (well, tied for first place) -- thinks the orient express actually travels to hong kong or wherever so she's expecting to see a train filled with asian faces. but apparently this film critic -- whose name on twitter, "filmfatale_nyc," is a reference to the dic-fic trope of a femme fatale, so you'd think she'd have at leastof the most famous story penned by the most famous detective writer of all time (well, tied for first place) -- thinks the orient express actually travels to hong kong or wherever so she's expecting to see a train filled with asian faces. i don't want to spoil this for anyone, but this story requires more than most a very specific set of characters (think: secret relationships), and you can't just cast a chinese actress as the crown princess of russia or a latinx transsexual as a hungarian countess. i don't want to spoil this for anyone, but this storymore than most a very specific set of characters (think: secret relationships), and you can't just cast a chinese actress as theor a latinx transsexual as a hungarian countess. this idiot, who is obviously pig-ignorant about the basics of her own alleged craft, quickly pretended to know all these things, but then began postulating that the film should be "race-bent" to include a racial makeover. this idiot, who is obviously pig-ignorant about the basics of her own alleged craft, quickly pretended to know all these things, but then began postulating that the film should be "race-bent" to include a racial makeover. again she demonstrates her incredible ignorance: a british soldier played in the oscar-winning 1974 spectacle by sean connery is now played by a black actor, and a swedish humanitarian relief worker played by igrid bergman (who nabbed an oscar) is now played by penelope cruz. again she demonstrates her incredible ignorance: a british soldier played in the oscar-winning 1974 spectacle byis now played by a black actor, and ahumanitarian relief worker played by igrid bergman (who nabbed an oscar) is now played by two cases where the film blackwashed or olivewashed a historically white role precisely to pre-empt complaints from the society of pig-ignorant racial beancounters and grievance-mongers pretending to care about art. two cases where the film blackwashed or olivewashed a historically white role but -- no asians on a train moving entirely through europe in the 1930s. but -- no asians on a train moving entirely through europe in the 1930s. i'm not complaining about the "race-bending" -- the connery role is one of the few parts where you can have a black actor step in and not look completely anachronistic (though, still you know, pretty anachronistic), and there's no reason the swedish woman must be swedish. i'm not complaining about the "race-bending" -- the connery role is one of the few parts where you can have a black actor step in and not look completely anachronistic (though, still you know, pretty anachronistic), and there's no reason the swedish woman must be swedish. but for most of the other parts -- yes, given that a lot characters have familial and/or romantic relationships, or are actual european nobility, it would be a bit too anachronistic to just say "oh, the hungarian countess is married to this japanese guy. because that's a thing that happens in the 1930s european nobility." but for most of the other parts -- yes, given that a lot characters have familial and/or romantic relationships,, it would be a bit too anachronistic to just say "oh, the hungarian countess is married to this japanese guy. it is obvious that this "film reviewer" is absolutely ignorant of one of the most famous movies of the 1970s, and the most famous agatha christie movie ever, or else she'd know that sean connery and ingrid bergman played those white roles in the original. it is obvious that this "film reviewer" is absolutely ignorant of one of the most famous movies of the 1970s, and the most famous agatha christie movie ever, or else she'd know that sean connery and ingrid bergman played those white roles in the original. and she'd know that the orient express, one of the most filmed and re-filmed trains in hollywood history, does not even cross into somewhere you could even kinda-sorta say is "asia." and she'd know that the orient express, one of the most filmed and re-filmed trains in hollywood history, but that's the way the world works now -- you do not have to know actual facts, you just have to know the three or four angles of social justice attack and repeat those forever. but that's the way the world works now -- you do not have to know actual facts, you just have to know the three or four angles of social justice attack and repeat those forever. i remember reading an essay about graham greene's the power and the glory. i never read the power and the glory, but that didn't matter, because the post-modern "critiquer" never did either, or at least never gave evidence of having done so. completely ignoring the characters, the setting, and the plot, the po-mo critiquer (a forerunner of today's sjw critics) just pointed out stupid shit like when one character hands an object to another character, that's a sign of a "power relationship" between them, with the giver showing power over the givee, and shit like that. i remember reading an essay about graham greene's. i never read the power and the glory, but that didn't matter, because the post-modern "critiquer" never did either, or at least never gave evidence of having done so. completely ignoring the characters, the setting, and the plot, the po-mo critiquer (a forerunner of today's sjw critics) just pointed out stupid shit like when one character hands an object to another character, that's a sign of a "power relationship" between them, with the giver showing power over the givee, and shit like that. and now "film critics" haven't seen any movies, or apparently haven't even heard of one of the most famous titles in history (so that maybe it would jog a memory and suggest a quick wikipedia look-up), but they do know they're supposed to deploy one of their five treasured simpleton lines of racial attack against it, and that's enough for the new york times. and now "film critics" haven't seen any movies, or apparently haven't evenof one of the most famous titles in history (so that maybe it would jog a memory and suggest a quick wikipedia look-up), but they do know they're supposed to deploy one of their five treasured simpleton lines of racial attack against it, and that's enough for the but go on believing them about everything else they say -- after all, they're experts. but go on believing them about everything else they say -- after all, they're experts. they told you so, didn't they? they told you so, didn't they?
by the way: the porter for the calais coach (where all the action is) was played by a white french guy in the original (true to the novel), but now seems to be played by dutch-tunisian.) i figured "algerian" so they could at least have a french-speaking guy play the part of a french-speaking porter. by the way: the porter for the calais coach (where all the action is) was played by a white french guy in the original (true to the novel), but now seems to be played by a guy named marwan kenzari, who is plainly algerian or something. (i was wrong: i looked it up, and he's.) i figured "algerian" so they could at least have a french-speaking guy play the part of a french-speaking porter. but nah, get a dutch guy. eh, whatever. they're trying to "race-bend" the cast to the extent the plot will allow. (and it won't allow too much.) but nah, get a dutch guy. eh, whatever.to the extent the plot will allow. (and it won't allow too much.) so again, if this fucking idiot even bothered to familiarize herself with any news about this thing she was criticizing, she would have seen that yes, the producers had gone to some fair lengths to appease the sjw bean-counters. so again, if this fucking idiot even bothered to familiarize herself withnews about this thing she was criticizing, she would have seen that yes, the producers had gone to some fair lengths to appease the sjw bean-counters. by the way, sean davis that the first guy who responded to this pig-ignorant, never-read-anything-except-on-the-internet tweet, adding his own "funny" joke that the "[asians] must be the ones taking the picture [of the white cast]" (how racist!) is, get this, a writer for the super-funny samantha bee program. by the way, sean davis that the first guy who responded to this pig-ignorant, never-read-anything-except-on-the-internet tweet, adding his own "funny" joke that the "[asians] must be the ones taking the picture [of the white cast]" (how racist!) is, get this, a writer for the super-funny samantha bee program. posted by: ace at 05:30 pm
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luk ˈpɑrkər həz dɪˈklɛrd hɪmˈsɛlf ə ˈsərtən ˈstɑrtər fər ðə grænd ˈfaɪnəl stɑr luk ˈpɑrkər həz dɪˈklɛrd hɪmˈsɛlf ə ˈsərtən ˈstɑrtər ɪn nɛkst wiks grænd ˈfaɪnəl, ɛz ə ˈnəmbər əv ˈɪnʤəri kənˈsərnz səraʊnd ðə ˈsɪdni swɔnz ˈæftər ˈfraɪˌdeɪ naɪts wɪn ˈoʊvər geelong*. ˈpɑrkər ənd ˈfɛloʊ ɔl ɔˈstreɪljən ʤɑʃ ˈkɛnədi boʊθ hæd ˈstræpɪŋ əˈplaɪd tɪ ˈmaɪnər ni kəmˈpleɪnts ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə mæʧ, ɛz dɪd ki dɪˈfɛndər, hu mɪst moʊst əv ðə geɪm ˈæftər ˈlændɪŋ ˈɔkwərdli ɪn ə ˈmɑrkɪŋ ˈkɑntɛst ɪn ðə fərst tərm. fʊl mæʧ ˈkəvərɪʤ ənd stæts waɪl ˈpɑrkər ʃrəgd ɔf hɪz ˈɪʃu, wɪθ boʊθ hi ənd ˈkɛnədi pleɪɪŋ aʊt ðə wɪn ˈoʊvər ðə kæts, ˈæftər ˈreɪzɪz ˈsɪriəs daʊts ˈoʊvər hɪz əˈbɪləˌti tɪ pruv hɪz ˈfɪtnəs ɪn taɪm fər ðə ˈsizən ˌdɪˈsaɪdər. "hiz bɪn ˌaʊtˈstændɪŋ (aliir*), soʊ ˈhoʊpfəli hi dɪz gɪt əp," ˈpɑrkər sɛd ɔn ərˈaɪvəl ɪn ˈsɪdni. "ɪf nɑt, ðə kˈwɑləti θɪŋ (əˈbaʊt ɑr kləb) ɪz ðət wiv gɑt səʧ dɛpθ, ənd huˈɛvər kəmz ɪn wi noʊ wɪl du ðə seɪm ʤɑb, pleɪ ʤɪst ɛz wɛl, ənd pleɪ səʧ ə ˈkruʃəl roʊl. "ɪt wɑz ə ʃeɪm tɪ si ɪm goʊ daʊn bət ˈhoʊpfəli hi kən baʊns bæk ənd bi raɪt." sɔr swɔnz ˈreɪsɪŋ ðə klɑk fər nɛkst wik ɪf wɑz əˈneɪbəl tɪ gɪt hɪz ni raɪt baɪ nɛkst wik, ˈpɑrkər sɛd rɪˈtaɪrɪŋ ˈvɛtərən dɪˈfɛndər tɛd ˈrɪʧərdz wɑz ə ˈrɛdi rɪˈpleɪsmənt ɪf ðə ˈkoʊʧɪz wɛnt daʊn ðət pæθ. ðə həz pleɪd ʤɪst eɪt geɪmz ðɪs ˈsizən du tɪ kæf ˈprɑbləmz, ə ˈbroʊkən ˈʧikˌboʊn ənd kənˈkəʃən, ənd lɔst hɪz pleɪs ɪn ðə saɪd tɪ ˈæftər ðə ˈrʊki stɑrd ɪn dɪˈfɛns ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə ˈsɛkənd hæf əv 2016 ˈɛvəri swɔn ˈreɪtɪd: roʊən kəmˈplits ˌɪnˈkrɛdəbəl ˈfaɪnəlz ˈkəmˌbæk "wi hæv fʊl feɪθ ɪn tɛd ɪf hi wɑz tɪ kəm bæk ɪn," ˈpɑrkər sɛd. "ðæts ðə hɑrd θɪŋ fər ðə ˈkoʊʧɪz, ˈhævɪŋ tɪ meɪk ðət kɔl. "əm ʃʊr ðeɪd hæv noʊ ˈprɑbləm pleɪɪŋ ɪm." ðə ˈmoʊmənt: ˈbədi ˈbrɪljəns livz kæts klɔɪŋ æt θɪn ɛr ðə swɔnz ˈkɛrid ˈsɪmələr ˈɪnʤəri ˈwəriz ˈɪntu ðɛr prɪˈlɪməˌnɛri ˈfaɪnəl, wɪθ məkˈveɪ (kæf) ənd næb ˈraɪzɪŋ stɑr ˈwɪnər ˈkæləm mɪlz (ˈhæmˌstrɪŋ) boʊθ ruld aʊt ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə wik. bət kərt ˈtɪpɪt (ʤɔ), ˈgɛri roʊən (ni) ənd zæk ʤoʊnz (kənˈkəʃən) ɔl tʊk ðə fild ənd pleɪd ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt roʊlz fər ðə ˈwɪnərz. məkˈveɪ ɪz ɪkˈspɛktɪd tɪ rɪˈtərn fər ðə grænd ˈfaɪnəl, waɪl mɪlz, hu ræn læps æt ˈtreɪnɪŋ læst wik, ɪz ən ˈaʊtˈsaɪd ʧæns ˈæftər ˈstreɪnɪŋ hɪz ˈhæmˌstrɪŋ ɪn ðə swɔnz' kˈwɑləˌfaɪɪŋ ˈfaɪnəl lɔs tɪ ˈgreɪtər ˈwɛstərn ˈsɪdni. rɪˈkɔld swɔn noʊz hiz noʊ ˈsərtənti fər ðə grænd ˈfaɪnəl ˈpɑrkər sɛd hi ˈɪzənt kənˈsərnd əˈbaʊt hɪz saɪdz rən əv θri hɑrd ˈfaɪnəlz ɪn ə roʊ. "aɪ θɪŋk ju kən ˈɔlˌweɪz faɪnd ˈsəmθɪŋ ˈɛkstrə fər nɛkst wik," hi sɛd. "ɪn ðə ɛnd, ɪts ˈprɑbəˌbli ə ˈblɛsɪŋ ðət wi lɔst ðət fərst geɪm. "tɪ goʊ ɪn wɪθ geɪmz ɪn ə roʊ, ju bɪld ðət moʊˈmɛntəm, ju noʊ wət stændz əp, ənd jʊr ˈbɑdi gɪts ˈhɑrdənd fər ðə ˈfʊtˌbɔl ðət ɪt teɪks tɪ wɪn ɪt. "aɪ θɪŋk (læst naɪt) ðə bɔɪz stɪl dru frəm ðə lɔs, wi wər stɪl ˈprɪti ˈfɪlθi əˈbaʊt ðət, ənd wi ˈwɔntɪd tɪ gɪt əˈnəðər ʧæns æt ðɛm ɪf ðeɪ wɪn."
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luke parker has declared himself a certain starter for the grand final
star midfielder luke parker has declared himself a certain starter in next week's grand final, as a number of injury concerns surround the sydney swans after friday night's win over geelong.
parker and fellow all australian onballer josh kennedy both had strapping applied to minor knee complaints during the match, as did key defender aliir aliir, who missed most of the game after landing awkwardly in a marking contest in the first term.
full match coverage and stats
while parker shrugged off his issue, with both he and kennedy playing out the 37-point win over the cats, aliir's non-appearance after quarter-time raises serious doubts over his ability to prove his fitness in time for the season decider.
"he's been outstanding aliir (aliir), so hopefully he does get up," parker said on arrival in sydney.
"if not, the quality thing (about our club) is that we've got such depth, and whoever comes in we know will do the same job, play just as well, and play such a crucial role.
"it was a shame to see him go down but hopefully he can bounce back and be right."
sore swans racing the clock for next week
if aliir was unable to get his knee right by next week, parker said retiring veteran defender ted richards was a ready replacement if the coaches went down that path.
the 33-year-old has played just eight games this season due to calf problems, a broken cheekbone and concussion, and lost his place in the side to aliir after the rookie starred in defence during the second half of 2016.
every swan rated: rohan completes incredible finals comeback
"we have full faith in ted if he was to come back in," parker said.
"that's the hard thing for the coaches, having to make that call.
"i'm sure they'd have no problem playing him."
the moment: buddy brilliance leaves cats clawing at thin air
the swans carried similar injury worries into their preliminary final, with co-captain jarrad mcveigh (calf) and nab rising star winner callum mills (hamstring) both ruled out during the week.
but kurt tippett (jaw), gary rohan (knee) and zak jones (concussion) all took the field and played important roles for the winners.
mcveigh is expected to return for the grand final, while mills, who ran laps at training last week, is an outside chance after straining his hamstring in the swans' qualifying final loss to greater western sydney.
recalled swan knows he's no certainty for the grand final
parker said he isn't concerned about his side's run of three hard finals in a row.
"i think you can always find something extra for next week," he said.
"in the end, it's probably a blessing that we lost that first game.
"to go in with games in a row, you build that momentum, you know what stands up, and your body gets hardened for the football that it takes to win it.
"i think (last night) the boys still drew from the gws loss, we were still pretty filthy about that, and we wanted to get another chance at them if they win."
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læst rɪˈzəlts nɑt ˈoʊnli ˈsɪgnəld ðə stɑrt əv ðə ˈænjuəl ˈskræmbəl tɪ sɪˈkjʊr ə pleɪs æt ˌjunəˈvərsəti. ðeɪ ˈɔlsoʊ ˈpɔɪntɪd tɪ ə ˈwəriɪŋ dɪˈvɛləpmənt fər ðə ɪkˈspænʧən əv məˈgi ˈkæmpəs ɪn ˈdɛri. ˈstudənt ˈnəmbərz ˈfɑlɪŋ ˈfɪgjərz frəm (ðə ˌjunəˈvərsəti ənd ˈkɑlɪʤɪz ədˈmɪʃənz ˈsərvɪs) ʃoʊ ə 4 fɔl ðɪs jɪr ɪn ˌæpləˈkeɪʃənz tɪ goʊ tɪ ˌjunəˈvərsəti ðə fərst səʧ dɪˈklaɪn ɪn faɪv jɪrz. ɔl pɑrts əv ðə ər rɪˈflɛktɪŋ ðɪs drɔp, ənd ðə ˈfɪgjərz ˈɔlsoʊ ʃoʊ ə kənˈtɪnjuɪŋ dɪˈklaɪn ɪn ˌæpləˈkeɪʃənz frəm məˈʧʊr ˈstudənts ˌpɑrˈtɪkjələrli ɪn ni. ðə ˌɪnˈkrisɪŋ kɔst əv ə ˌjunəˈvərsəti ˌɛʤəˈkeɪʃən ɪz ðə moʊst ˈlaɪkli kɔz bɪˈhaɪnd ðɪs dɪˈvɛləpmənt. ˈtɪpɪkəl ˈstudənt fiz ər naʊ pər jɪr, waɪlst ðə ˈɪntəˌrɛst reɪt ɔn ðə loʊnz tɪ fənd ðɛm həz sɔrd tɪ wɪθ ðə ˈævərɪʤ ˈgræʤəˌweɪt ˈlivɪŋ ˌjunəˈvərsəti wɪθ əv dɛt, ɪt ɪz ˈlɪtəl səˈpraɪz səm ər ˈθɪŋkɪŋ twaɪs əˈbaʊt haɪər ˌɛʤəˈkeɪʃən æt ɔl. ənd nɑt ʤɪst dəˈmɛstɪk ˈstudənts. ðɛr həz ˈɔlsoʊ bɪn ə 5 fɔl ɪn ðə ˈnəmbər əv ˌæpləˈkeɪʃənz frəm ˈstudənts tɪ ˈstədi ɪn ðə, waɪlst nu ˈvizə riˈstrɪkʃənz hæv kɔzd ˈæplɪkənts frəm ˈkəntriz laɪk ˈɪndiə ənd naɪˈʤɪriə tɪ ˈpləmət. ˈgreɪtər ˌkɑmpəˈtɪʃən ðoʊz hu du wɔnt tɪ goʊ tɪ ˌjunəˈvərsəti ɪn ðə ˈɔlsoʊ hæv ən ənˈprɛsɪˌdɛntɪd ʧɔɪs əv 128 ˌjunəˈvərsətiz, wɪθ nu ˌɪnstɪˈtuʃənz kənˈtɪnjuɪŋ tɪ ˈoʊpən (ðə ˈleɪtəst læst jɪr ɪn ˈsəfək). ðɛr ər ˈðɛrˌfɔr mɔr ˌjunəˈvərsətiz ˈʧeɪsɪŋ ə ʃˈrɪŋkɪŋ pul əv ˈstudənts, ɔl əv wɪʧ meɪks ðə haɪər ˌɛʤəˈkeɪʃən ˈsɛktər ɪkˈstrimli kəmˈpɛtɪtɪv. ɪt wɑz ˈdaʊtləs wɪθ ðɪs ɪn maɪnd ðət ˈəlstər ˌjunəˈvərsəti əˈnaʊnst ə plæn ˈrisəntli tɪ ˈɔfər ˈdɪˌskaʊnts tɪ ˈɪŋlɪʃ, wɛlʧ ənd ˈskɑtɪʃ ˈstudənts hu ʧuz tɪ ˈstədi wɪθ ðɛm. ɪf ən ni ər ˈstudənt æt ə ˈnɔrðərn ˈaɪrɪʃ ˌjunəˈvərsəti ju ər ʧɑrʤd ə rɪˈdust fi əv pər jɪr, ˈkərtəsi əv ˈstɔrmoʊnt. jʊr ˈkaʊntərˌpɑrts frəm ˈbrɪtən, ˌhaʊˈɛvər, hæv tɪ peɪ ðə fʊl fi praɪs əv fər kwinz ənd fər ˈəlstər. ɪn rɪˈtərn fər ɪts ˈsəbsɪdi, ˈstɔrmoʊnt ˈlɪmɪts ðə ˈnəmbər əv ni ənd ˈstudənts ˌjunəˈvərsətiz hir kən teɪk. hɛns ˈəlstər ɪz ˈsikɪŋ tɪ ɪnˈtaɪs mɔr ˈstudənts frəm ˈbrɪtən baɪ ˈɔfərɪŋ ðɛm ə fi ˈdɪskaʊnt, ər ɔf fiz pləs ˈməni təˈwɔrdz əˌkɑməˈdeɪʃən ənd ˈtrævəl. wɪθ ˈoʊnli 6 əv ˈkɑrənt ˈstudənts ɪn ni ərˈɪʤəˌneɪtɪŋ frəm əˈkrɔs ðə ˈaɪrɪʃ si, ənd ˌjunəˈvərsətiz ɪn ˈbrɪtən nɑt riˈstrɪktɪd baɪ ˈɛni kæp ɔn ðɛr rɪˈkrutmənt ˈnəmbərz, ɪt rɪˈmeɪnz tɪ bi sin haʊ səkˈsɛsfəl ˌɪnˈsɪnɪvz wɪl bi. nu ˈkæmpəs fər ˈbɛlˌfæst əˈgɛnst ðɪs ˈbækˌdrɑp əv ˈhaɪtənd ˌkɑmpəˈtɪʃən ˈəlstər ˌjunəˈvərsəti ɪz ˈbɪldɪŋ ə nu, ˈstudənt ˈkæmpəs ɪn ˈbɛlˌfæst. wɪθ səm əv ðə ˈbɪldɪŋz æt ðɛr beɪs ˈnɪrɪŋ ðə ɛnd əv ðɛr laɪf, ðə ˌjunəˈvərsəti kənˈsɪdərd ɪt mɔr ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪkəl tɪ muv ðə məˈʤɔrəti əv stæf ənd ˈstudənts frəm ðɛr tɪ ə brænd nu ˈkæmpəs nɛkst tɪ ɪts ɪgˈzɪstɪŋ ɑrt ˈkɑlɪʤ ɪn ˈsɛntrəl ˈbɛlˌfæst. ˈəlstər ˈprɛzəns ɪn ˈbɛlˌfæst wɪl ˈðɛrˌfɔr sɔr frəm ˈstudənts tɪ ɪn ðə ˈkəmɪŋ jɪrz. ðə kriˈeɪʃən əv ðɪs nu ˈbɛlˌfæst ˈkæmpəs rɪˈvilz tu ənˈkəmfərtəbəl truθs əˈbaʊt ðə ɪkˈspænʧən əv məˈgi. ˈfərstli, ɪt ˈstændɪŋ ɛz ðə fɔrθ praɪˈɔrəti wɪˈθɪn ˈəlstər fɔr ˈkæmpəsɪz. ðɛr ɪz noʊ ˈrizən waɪ ðɛr fəˈsɪlɪti hæv bɪn ˌriˈloʊkeɪtɪd tɪ ˈdɛri ˈɪnstəntli ˈgɪvɪŋ ðə ˈsɪti ðə saɪz əv ˌjunəˈvərsəti ɪt həz lɔŋ dɪˈmændɪd. ənd ɪf ðə dɪˈsɪʒən tɪ liv wɑz ˌɪnˈdid meɪd ɔn ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk graʊnz, sɪgˈnɪfɪkəntli loʊər lænd kɔsts wʊd hæv rɪˈdust ðɛr ˌriˈloʊˈkeɪʃən bɪl tɪ ə ˈfrækʃən əv ðə ˈspɛndɪŋ ɔn ˈbɛlˌfæst. ðə muv wɑz ə ˈgoʊldən ˌɑpərˈtunəti fər ˈəlstər ˌjunəˈvərsəti tɪ pruv ðət ðeɪ ər ˌɪnˈdid ˈsɪriəs əˈbaʊt kriˈeɪtɪŋ ə ˈprɑpər ˈkæmpəs ɪn ˈdɛri. jɛt ðɛr ɪz noʊ ˈɛvədəns ðət ðə ˈsɪti wɑz ˈivɪn kənˈsɪdərd ɛz ə pəˈtɛnʃəl loʊˈkeɪʃən. ˈfeɪljər tɪ muv ˈivɪn ə ˈhændˌfʊl əv ˈkɔrsɪz ənd stæf frəm tɪ ˈdɛri ɪz ə klɪr ədˈmɪʃən ðət ðeɪ du nɑt teɪk ðə ɪkˈspænʧən əv məˈgi ˈsɪriəsli. ˌɪnˈstɛd sɪns 2010 ðeɪ hæv rɪˈdust boʊθ ðə ˈkɔrsɪz ðeɪ ˈɔfər ɪn ˈdɛri ənd ðɛr stæf ˈnəmbərz baɪ ˈoʊvər ə ˈhənərd. ˈsɛkəndli ˌriˈloʊkeɪtɪŋ tɪ ˈbɛlˌfæst meɪks ˈɛni ˈmeɪʤər ɪkˈspænʧən əv məˈgi ənˈlaɪkli fər ðə fɔrˈsiəbəl fˈjuʧər. ˈəlstər ɪz ə ˌjunəˈvərsəti ɪn ðə 2017 ˈteɪbəl), soʊ həz tɪ wərk hɑrd tɪ əˈtrækt ˈstudənts. ənd sɪns ðeɪ əˈnaʊnst ðɛr ˌriˈloʊˈkeɪʃən plæn ɪn 2009 tˈwɛnti mɔr ˌjunəˈvərsətiz hæv ˈoʊpənd ɪn ðə. wɪθ ə brænd nu ˈkæmpəs tɪ fɪl ənd ˌkɑmpəˈtɪʃən ˈgɪtɪŋ ˈstɪfər ɔl ðə taɪm, meɪn strəˈtiʤɪk, ˌækəˈdɛmɪk ənd ˌfaɪˈnænʃəl ˈfoʊkɪs wɪl bi ɔn ˈmeɪkɪŋ ðɛr nu ˈbɛlˌfæst fəˈsɪlɪti ə səkˈsɛs. ɪt ɪz ˌɪnkənˈsivəbəl ðət ðeɪ wʊd əˈlaʊ məˈgi tɪ bi ə dɪˈstrækʃən frəm ðət tæsk. ənd wɪθ ˈstudənt dɪˈmænd ˈfɑlɪŋ, ɪt wʊd bi ə bɪg rɪsk fər ðɛm tɪ æd rum fər əˈnəðər ɪn ˈdɛri ˈɛniˌweɪ. ˈmɛdɪkəl skul sɑp fər ˈdɛri ɔl əv wɪʧ livz məˈgi stɪl ˈlæŋgwɪʃɪŋ æt ðə ˈbɑtəm əv ˈəlstər praɪˈɔrəti lɪst. ðə gʊd nuz ɪz ðət bɪn ˈprɑməst ə nu ˈmɛdɪkəl skul fəˈsɪlɪti. bət ə prəˈpoʊzəl ðət fɔlz ʃɔrt ɔn θri kaʊnts. ˈfərstli ɪn ðə ˈæbsəns əv ˈɛni əˈdɪʃənəl ɪkˈspænʧən prəˈpoʊzəlz fər məˈgi, ɪt filz laɪk ə sɑp tɪ dɪˈstrækt ˈdɛri waɪlst ðə ʃæmˈpeɪn kɔrks ər pɑpt ɔn nu ˈbɛlˌfæst ˈkæmpəs nɛkst jɪr. ˈsɛkəndli ˌɔlˈðoʊ ə ˈmɛdɪkəl skul ɪz ˈwɛlkəm, ɪt kriˈeɪt ðə kaɪnd əv ˌɪnkrəˈmɛntəl ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk groʊθ ɪmˈplɔɪmənt ðət ˈloʊˌkeɪtɪŋ ˈkɔrsɪz laɪk ˈɛnʤəˈnɪrɪŋ ər ˈsɔfˌwɛr dɪˈvɛləpmənt ðɛr wʊd hɛlp dɪˈlɪvər. ˈdɛri həz ðə haɪəst ˌənɪmˈplɔɪmənt, ənd ðɛr ɪz ə ˈlɪmət tɪ haʊ ˈmɛni ˈgræʤəˌweɪt ˈdɑktərz ɪt kən ɪmˈplɔɪ ˈloʊkəli. ˈfaɪnəli wɪθ ˈoʊnli wən jɪr lɛft ˌbiˈfɔr ðɪs ˈmɛdɪkəl skul ɪz du tɪ ˈoʊpən, ˈəlstər hæv jɛt tɪ kənˈfərm ˈiðər ɪts ˈfəndɪŋ ər ɪts loʊˈkeɪʃən. ðə dɪˈsɪʒən tɪ muv ˈəlstər ˈkæmpəs tɪ ˈbɛlˌfæst mɑrks ðə ˈsɛkənd taɪm ɪn ˈfɪfti jɪrz ðət ˈdɛri həz bɪn fər ə sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt ˌjunəˈvərsəti ˈprɛzəns. ðoʊ ənˈlaɪk ðə 1960s*, ðɪs wən həz ˈhæpənd wɪˈθaʊt ðə ˈsɪti ˈivɪn ɪt. kˈwɛsʧənz məst bi æst əv ðə ˌpɑləˈtɪʃənz ɛz tɪ waɪ nən əv ðɛm ˈʧælənʤd ðɪs dɪˈsɪʒən ˌpɑrˈtɪkjələrli wɪn ˈəlstər sɪˈkjʊrd frəm ˈstɔrmoʊnt tɪ hɛlp ˈfaɪˌnæns ðɛr ˈbɛlˌfæst muv. ənd wɛr wər ðə ˌɪnˈtərnəl ˈvɔɪsɪz tɪ faɪt ˈkɔrnər səʧ ɛz ðə məˈgi ˈproʊvoʊst, ər ðə ˈfɔrmər meɪər əv ˈdɛri hu sɪts ɔn ðə tɔp dɪˈsɪʒənˌmeɪkɪŋ ˈbɑdi ˈdɛri həz bɪn əsˈlip æt ðə wil waɪlst ˈbɛlˌfæst gɑt ˈhændɪd ə ˈkæmpəs ɪt ˈivɪn kæmˈpeɪn fər. taɪm tɪ lʊk ˈɛlsˌwɛr ˈəlstər ˌjunəˈvərsəti ɪz ənd ˈɔlˌweɪz həz bɪn ən ˌɪnstɪˈtuʃən ˈfoʊkɪst əˈpɑn ðə ˈistərn hæf əv ˈnɔrðərn ˈaɪərlənd. ɪt hæd ˈnɛvər ˈwɔntɪd məˈgi ˈkæmpəs ɪn ðə fərst pleɪs, bət wɑz wɪθ ɪt wɪn ðə ˈbæˌklæʃ tɪ səˈlɛktɪŋ ɛz ˈsɛkənd ˌjunəˈvərsəti loʊˈkeɪʃən ɪn 1965 ˈrɛndərd ˈkloʊʒər əv məˈgi ˈplɪtɪkli ˈtɑksɪk (ðə ˈlɑkˌwʊd rɪˈpɔrt hæd ˌrɛkəˈmɛndɪd ɪt bi ʃət). ˈɛvər sɪns ðɛn ˈəlstər həz ˈtritɪd məˈgi ɛz ə dɪˈstrækʃən æt bɛst, ənd ə ˈnusəns æt wərst. ɪt ɪz ðɛr ənˈwɔntɪd ˌɪnˈhɛrətəns. ˈdɛri ɪz ðə ˌənɪmˈplɔɪmənt blackspot*. sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt ˌjunəˈvərsəti ɪkˈspænʧən həz lɔŋ bɪn aɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪd ɛz ðə kˈwɪkɪst ənd ˈiziəst rut tɪ ˌɪmˈpruvɪŋ ɪts ɪˈkɑnəmi ənd skɪlz. ðə ˈvɛriəs strəˈtiʤɪk dɪˈvɛləpmənt plænz ˈoʊvər ðə ˈdɛkeɪdz ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ðə ˈloʊkəl dɪˈvɛləpmənt plæn ˈkərəntli biɪŋ ˈdræftɪd hæv meɪd ðə ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk dɪˈvɛləpmənt əˈpɑn ˌjunəˈvərsəti ɪkˈspænʧən. kəmˈplit ˈfeɪljər tɪ mit ɪts ˈprɑməsəz ɔn ˈdəbəlɪŋ məˈgi ˈkɛriz ril ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk ənd ˈsoʊʃəl ˈkɑnsəkˌwɛnsəz fər ˈsɛkənd ˈsɪti. ɪt ɪz ə ˈdæmɪʤɪŋ ʃəreɪd ðət məst bi brɔt tɪ ən ɛnd. nɛkst jɪr ɪz ðə ˌænəˈvərsəri əv ðə faʊnˈdeɪʃən əv ˈəlstər ˌjunəˈvərsəti ɪn (ə dɪˈsɪʒən ðət stɪl ˈræŋkəlz ɪn ˈdɛri). ˈəlstər məst bi ˈʧælənʤd tɪ mɑrk ðət əˈkeɪʒən baɪ ˈfaɪnəli ˈpəblɪʃɪŋ ə ˌkɑmpriˈhɛnsɪv plæn fər ðə ɪkˈspænʧən əv məˈgi kəmˈplit wɪθ ˈstudənt ˈnəmbərz, ənd ˈfəndɪŋ ˈditeɪlz. ɪf ðeɪ ər ənˈwɪlɪŋ tɪ du soʊ, ðət wʊd əˈmaʊnt tɪ ə ˈpəblɪk ækˈnɑlɪʤmənt ðət ðeɪ ər ˈsɪmpli nɑt kəˈmɪtɪd tɪ ˈdɛri. ɪn wɪʧ keɪs, ðə ˈloʊkəl ˈkaʊnsəl ʃʊd ˈæktɪvli sik ənd ən ɔlˈtərnətɪv ˌjunəˈvərsəti prəˈvaɪdər tɪ ɪˈstæblɪʃ ə beɪs ɪn ðə ˈsɪti. taɪm fər ˈdɛri tɪ lʊk ˈɛlsˌwɛr. ðət ɪz nɑt ɛz ˈfænsɪfəl ə prəˈpoʊzəl ɛz ɪt meɪ æt fərst saʊnd. ˈfərstli ˈmɛni ˈbrɪtɪʃ ənd ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl ˌjunəˈvərsətiz hæv ɪn ˈəðər loʊˈkeɪʃənz. ˈəlstər ˌjunəˈvərsəti ˌɪtˈsɛlf həz brænʧ ˈkæmpəsɪz ɪn ˈləndən ənd ˈbərmɪŋˌhæm, waɪlst ˈbɔstən ˈkɑlɪʤ ənd əˈmɛrɪkən ˈkɑlɪʤ ˈɔpərˌeɪt ɪn ˈdəblɪn ənd ˈnoʊtər deɪm ɪz ˈoʊpənɪŋ ə ˈkæmpəs ɪn ˈgɑlweɪ. aɪˈrɑnɪkli, məˈgi ˈkɑlɪʤ wɑz ə ˈkæmpəs əv ˈtrɪnɪti ˈkɑlɪʤ ˈdubɪn fər ənˈtɪl ɪt wɑz ˈgɪvɪn tɪ ðə nu ˌjunəˈvərsəti əv ˈəlstər ɪn 1969 ˈsɛkəndli ˈsutəbəl lænd ɪz əˈveɪləbəl ɪn ˈdɛri. ðə ˈkaʊnsəl həz ˈoʊnərˌʃɪp əv ðə 15 ˈeɪkər ˈfɔrmər fɔrt ʤɔrʤ ˈbɛrəks, ənd həz bɪn tæskt wɪθ ɪt fər ðə ˈbɛnəfɪt. noʊ ˈkɑnkrit prəˈpoʊzəlz ˈkərəntli ɪgˈzɪst fər ðət speɪs. ˈəlstər ˈjuni kʊd ˈɔlsoʊ bi æst tɪ hænd ˈoʊvər ðə lænd ðət ɪt ˈkərəntli ˈjuzɪz ɪn ðə ˈsɪti tɪ ə nu prəˈvaɪdər, ɪn ðə seɪm weɪ ðət ˈtrɪnɪti ˈdoʊˌneɪtɪd ɪts lænd ðɛr ɪn 1969 ðɪs muv wʊd ˈhoʊpfəli ʃeɪk ˈəlstər ˈjuni aʊt əv ðə kəmˈpleɪsənt bɪˈlif ðət ðeɪ kən trit məˈgi ɛz ðə ˈprɑbləm ʧaɪld ðeɪ ˈnɛvər ˈwɔntɪd ɪn ðə fərst pleɪs. ənd ɪt wʊd juz ðə fri ˈmɑrkɪt ðət naʊ ɪgˈzɪsts ɪn haɪər ˌɛʤəˈkeɪʃən tɪ ædˈvæntɪʤ. ˈdɛri hæv tɪ ˈmikli əkˈsɛpt ə ˌjunəˈvərsəti ðət həz noʊ ˈʤɛnjuˌaɪn kəˈmɪtmənt tɪ ɪt, praɪˈɔrətiz laɪ ˈɛlsˌwɛr, ənd hu siks tɪ baɪ ɪts ˈsaɪləns wɪθ ðə ɔˈkeɪʒənəl sɑp. taɪm fər ˈəlstər ˌjunəˈvərsəti tɪ ˈpəblɪkli ɪkˈspleɪn haʊ ənd wɪn ðeɪ wɪl groʊ ðə məˈgi ˈkæmpəs. ənd ɪf ðeɪ don’t*, taɪm fər ˈdɛri tɪ əˈgrɛsɪvli pərˈsu ðə dɪˈvɛləpmənt əv ɪts θərd ˈlɛvəl ˈsɛktər baɪ ˈlʊkɪŋ ˈɛlsˌwɛr.
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last week’s a’level results not only signalled the start of the annual scramble to secure a place at university. they also pointed to a worrying development for the long-promised expansion of magee campus in derry.
student numbers falling
figures from ucas (the university and colleges admissions service) show a 4% fall this year in applications to go to university the first such decline in five years. all parts of the uk are reflecting this drop, and the figures also show a continuing decline in applications from mature students particularly in ni. the increasing cost of a university education is the most likely cause behind this development. typical student fees are now £9,250 per year, whilst the interest rate on the loans to fund them has soared to 6.1%. with the average graduate leaving university with £58,000 of debt, it is little surprise some are thinking twice about higher education at all. and it’s not just domestic students. there has also been a 5% post-brexit fall in the number of applications from eu students to study in the uk, whilst new visa restrictions have caused applicants from non-eu countries like india and nigeria to plummet.
greater competition
those who do want to go to university in the uk also have an unprecedented choice of 128 universities, with new institutions continuing to open (the latest last year in suffolk). there are therefore more universities chasing a shrinking pool of students, all of which makes the uk’s higher education sector extremely competitive.
it was doubtless with this in mind that ulster university announced a plan recently to offer discounts to english, welsh and scottish students who choose to study with them. if you’re an ni or eu student at a northern irish university you are charged a reduced fee of £4,030 per year, courtesy of stormont. your counterparts from britain, however, have to pay the full fee price of £9,250 for queens and £9,000 for ulster. in return for its subsidy, stormont limits the number of ni and eu students universities here can take. hence ulster is seeking to entice more students from britain by offering them a £2,000 fee discount, or £1,000 off fees plus money towards accommodation and travel. with only 6% of current students in ni originating from across the irish sea, and universities in britain not restricted by any cap on their recruitment numbers, it remains to be seen how successful ulster’s incentives will be.
new £300m campus for belfast
against this backdrop of heightened competition ulster university is building a new £300m, 15,000 student campus in belfast. with some of the 1970s buildings at their jordanstown base nearing the end of their life, the university considered it more economical to move the majority of staff and students from there to a brand new campus next to its existing art college in central belfast. ulster university’s presence in belfast will therefore soar from 1,200 students to 15,000 in the coming years.
the creation of this new belfast campus reveals two uncomfortable truths about the long-promised expansion of magee. firstly, it reconfirms derry’s standing as the fourth priority within ulster university’s four campuses. there is no reason why their jordanstown facility couldn’t have been relocated to derry instantly giving the city the size of university it has long demanded. and if the decision to leave jordanstown was indeed made on economic grounds, derry’s significantly lower land costs would have reduced their relocation bill to a fraction of the £300m they’re spending on belfast. the jordanstown move was a golden opportunity for ulster university to prove that they are indeed serious about creating a proper campus in derry. yet there is no evidence that the city was even considered as a potential location. ulster’s failure to move even a handful of courses and staff from jordanstown to derry is a clear admission that they do not take the expansion of magee seriously. instead since 2010 they have reduced both the courses they offer in derry and their staff numbers by over a hundred.
secondly relocating jordanstown to belfast makes any major expansion of magee unlikely for the foreseeable future. ulster is a middle-ranking university (68th in the 2017 table), so has to work hard to attract students. and since they announced their jordanstown relocation plan in 2009, twenty more universities have opened in the uk. with a brand new £300m campus to fill and competition getting stiffer all the time, ulster’s main strategic, academic and financial focus will be on making their new belfast facility a success. it is inconceivable that they would allow magee to be a distraction from that task. and with student demand falling, it would be a big risk for them to add room for another 5,000 in derry anyway.
medical school sop for derry
all of which leaves magee still languishing at the bottom of ulster university’s priority list. the good news is that it’s been promised a new medical school facility. but it’s a proposal that falls short on three counts. firstly in the absence of any additional expansion proposals for magee, it feels like a sop to distract derry whilst the champagne corks are popped on ulster’s new belfast campus next year. secondly although a medical school is welcome, it won’t create the kind of incremental economic growth & employment that locating courses like engineering or software development there would help deliver. derry has the uk’s highest unemployment, and there is a limit to how many graduate doctors it can employ locally. finally with only one year left before this medical school is due to open, ulster have yet to confirm either its funding or its location.
the decision to move ulster university’s jordanstown campus to belfast marks the second time in fifty years that derry has been over-looked for a significant university presence. though unlike the 1960s, this one has happened without the city even realising it. questions must be asked of the city’s politicians as to why none of them challenged this decision particularly when ulster secured £17m from stormont to help finance their belfast move. and where were the internal voices to fight derry’s corner such as the magee provost, or the former mayor of derry who sits on the university’s top decision-making body ? derry has been asleep at the wheel whilst belfast got handed a £300m campus it didn’t even campaign for.
time to look elsewhere
ulster university is and always has been an institution focused upon the eastern half of northern ireland. it had never wanted magee campus in the first place, but was lumbered with it when the backlash to selecting coleraine as ni’s second university location in 1965 rendered closure of magee politically toxic (the lockwood report had recommended it be shut). ever since then ulster has treated magee as a distraction at best, and a nuisance at worst. it is their unwanted inheritance.
derry is the uk’s unemployment blackspot. significant university expansion has long been identified as the quickest and easiest route to improving its economy and skills. the council’s various strategic development plans over the decades including the local development plan currently being drafted have made the city’s economic development part-dependent upon university expansion. ulster’s complete failure to meet its long-standing promises on doubling magee carries real economic and social consequences for ni’s second city. it is a damaging charade that must be brought to an end.
next year is the 50th anniversary of the foundation of ulster university in coleraine (a decision that still rankles in derry). ulster must be challenged to mark that occasion by finally publishing a comprehensive plan for the expansion of magee complete with student numbers, timings and funding details. if they are unwilling to do so, that would amount to a public acknowledgement that they are simply not committed to derry. in which case, the local council should actively seek and incentivise an alternative university provider to establish a base in the city. it’s time for derry to look elsewhere.
that is not as fanciful a proposal as it may at first sound. firstly many british and international universities have off-shoots in other locations. ulster university itself has branch campuses in london and birmingham, whilst boston college and american college operate in dublin and notre dame is opening a campus in galway. ironically, magee college was a campus of trinity college dubin for 60yrs until it was given to the new university of ulster in 1969.
secondly suitable land is available in derry. the council has ownership of the 15 acre former fort george barracks, and has been tasked with redeveloping it for the city’s benefit. no concrete proposals currently exist for that space. ulster uni could also be asked to hand over the land that it currently uses in the city to a new provider, in the same way that trinity donated its land there in 1969.
this move would hopefully shake ulster uni out of the complacent belief that they can treat magee as the problem child they never wanted in the first place. and it would use the free market that now exists in uk higher education to derry’s advantage. derry shouldn’t have to meekly accept a university that has no genuine commitment to it, who’s priorities lie elsewhere, and who seeks to buy its silence with the occasional sop. it’s time for ulster university to publicly explain how and when they will grow the magee campus. and if they don’t, it’s time for derry to aggressively pursue the development of its third level sector by looking elsewhere.
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ˈtrænˌskrɪpt frəm sɛpˈtɛmbər 12 2012 kənˈgrɛʃənəl stæf kɔl: kˈwɛʃən frəm kənˈgrɛʃənəl ˈstæfər: ðɪs əˈtæk ˈəndər ðə ˈkəvər əv ə protest?’*?’ ˈænsər frəm ˈəndər ˈsɛkrəˌtɛri ˈpætrɪk ˈkɛnədi: ‘‘no*, ðɪs wɑz ə dɪˈrɛkt ˈbriʧɪŋ attack.’*.’ (ˈwɔʃɪŋtən wɔʧ təˈdeɪ riˈlist 54 ˈpeɪʤɪz əv nu steɪt dɪˈpɑrtmənt ˈdɑkjəmənts, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ə ˈtrænˌskrɪpt əv ə sɛpˈtɛmbər 12 2012 ˈtɛləˌfoʊn ˈkɑnfərəns kɔl wɪθ kənˈgrɛʃənəl ˈstæfərz ɪn wɪʧ ˈsɛkrəˌtɛri əv steɪt fər ˈmænɪʤmənt ˈpætrɪk ˈkɛnədi ədˈmɪtəd ðət ðə ˈdɛdli ˈtɛrərɪst əˈsɔlt ɔn ðə ˈkɑnsələt wɑz nɑt ˈkəvər əv protest,”*,” bət wɑz, ɪn fækt, dɪˈrɛkt ˈbriʧɪŋ attack.”*.” ðə ˈdɑkjəmənts wər prəˈdust ɪn rɪˈspɑns tɪ ə ˈʤænjuˌɛri 29 2016 ˈfridəm əv ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən ækt (ˈɛˈfoʊˈaɪˈeɪ) ˈlɔˌsut ðət wɑz faɪld ɪn ðə juz. ˈdɪstrɪkt kɔrt fər ðə ˈdɪstrɪkt əv kəˈləmbiə ˈæftər ðə steɪt dɪˈpɑrtmənt feɪld tɪ rɪˈspɑnd tɪ ən ˈɔgəst 27 2015 ˈɛˈfoʊˈaɪˈeɪ rɪkˈwɛst (ʤuˈdɪʃəl wɔʧ vi. juz. dɪˈpɑrtmənt əv steɪt (noʊ. ðə ˈrisəntli ˈsɛtəld ˈlɔˌsut sɔt: ɔl ˈrɛkərdz əv sɪˈkjʊrəti ˈweɪvərz ˈɪʃud fər ðə ˈspɛʃəl ˈmɪʃən ˈkɑmpaʊnd ɪn, ˈlɪˌbiə ˈəndər ðə sɪˈkjʊr ˈɛmbəsi kənˈstrəkʃən ənd ˈkaʊntərˌtɛrərˌɪzəm ækt (secca*); ɔl ˈrɛkərdz kənˈsərnɪŋ, rɪˈgɑrdɪŋ, ər rɪˈleɪtɪd tɪ ðə ˈspɛʃəl ˈmɪʃən ˈkɑmpaʊnd ɪn, ˈlɪˌbiə biɪŋ frəm ˈɔfəs fəˈsɪlɪti ˈstændərdz ənd accountability”*” ˈəndər ɛz ˈnoʊtɪd baɪ ðə əˈkaʊntəˌbɪlɪti ˌrivˈju bɔrd. ðə ˈtrænˌskrɪpt wɑz kənˈteɪnd ɪn ən iˈmeɪl frəm ˈʤuli keɪ. ˈbʊlgrɪn, ðə steɪt dɪˈpɑrtmənt ˈbjʊroʊ əv ˈlɛʤəsˌleɪtɪv əˈfɛrz dɪˈrɛktər fər ˈgloʊbəl ənd ˈfəŋkʃənəl əˈfɛrz: frəm: ˈbʊlgrɪn, ˈʤuli keɪ. sɛnt: ˈwɛnzˌdeɪ, sɛpˈtɛmbər 12 2012 piɛm tɪ: h_egypt*; kɑˈneɪdoʊ, denese*; læŋ, ˈælən; miguel’*’; ‘‘arguelles*, adam’*’; ‘‘lundebergy*, greta’*’; ‘‘ortiz*, michael’*’; collin’*’; ˈpɪtkɪn, ˈdəgləs ə; meɪər, krɪˈstinə ə ˈsəbʤɪkt: raɪt əp əv ˈkɛnədi kɔl wɪθ hɪl ri ˈlɪˌbiə ðə kɔl ˈɛndɪd əp ˈstɑrtɪŋ əraʊnd hir ər ðə rɑ noʊts. rɑb ˈkɑrtər wɑz ðɪs ən əˈtæk ˈəndər ðə ˈkəvər əv ə ˈproʊˌtɛst? noʊ, ðɪs wɑz ə dɪˈrɛkt ˈbriʧɪŋ əˈtæk. du wi hæv ˈɛni aɪˈdiəz əv hu lɔnʧt? lidz? səm kleɪmz frəm ˈsəmˌwən hu həz ˈnɛvər meɪd θrɛt ˌbiˈfɔr, bət ˈɛvriˌwən ɪz ˈlʊkɪŋ æt ðɪs ˈkloʊsli. du wi bɪˈliv koʊˈɔrdəneɪtɪd w/cairo*? əˈtæk ɪn ˈkaɪroʊ wɑz ə ˌdɛmənˈstreɪʃən. ðɛr wər noʊ ˈwɛpənz ʃoʊn ər juzd. ə fju kænz əv spreɪ peɪnt. ðə kɔl noʊts ˈɔlsoʊ ˈditeɪl ðət amb*. ˈstivənz gɑt əv ðə ˈkɑmpaʊnd, bət ““collapsed”*” ənd wɑz ˈteɪkən tɪ ðə ˈhɑˌspɪtəl. ˈkɛnədi ˈɔlsoʊ sɛd ðət ɪt wɑz hɪz ˈpərsɪnəl əˈpɪnjən ðət ðə əˈtæk semi-complex.”*.” wɪn æst waɪ noʊ əˈmɛrɪkənz trups wər ˌɪnˈsərtɪd, ˈkɛnədi rɪˈspɑndɪd ðət ɪnˈtaɪər θɪŋ ˈlæstɪd əˈprɑksəmətli aʊərz. noʊ ˈjuˈɛs ˈfɔrsɪz wɪˈθɪn taɪm tɪ gɪt there.”*.” (ðɪs wɑz fɔls, trups wər əˈveɪləbəl ənd kʊd hæv əraɪvd ɪn taɪm tɪ prəˈvaɪd səˈpɔrt ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə ˈsɛkənd əˈtæk ɔn ðə siaɪeɪ ˈæˌnɛks, wɪʧ əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ˈkɛnədi, wɑz əˈsɔltɪd baɪ 100 əˈtækərz.) ðə ˈdɑkjəmənts ˈɔlsoʊ ˌɪnˈklud ə sɛpˈtɛmbər 13 2012 iˈmeɪl ɪn wɪʧ ən ˌənaɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪd ˈsɛndər rɪˈvilz ðət ɛz ˈərli ɛz dɪˈsɛmbər 2011 ðə steɪt dɪˈpɑrtmənt kənˈfərmd ðə nəˈsɛsɪti fər ˈmeɪkɪŋ ə waɪd vərˈaɪəti əv sɪˈkjʊrəti upgrades.”*.” ðoʊz ˈəpˌgreɪdz ˌɪnˈkludɪd: ˈkɑnkrit, ˈbɛriərz ˌɪnˈstɔld ˈkərbˌsaɪd ənd ɔn ðə ˈvɪlə graʊnd tɪ blɑk ənˈjuzd ˈviɪkəl geɪts. fɔr stil, ˈmænjuəl (ˈviɪkəl ˈbɛriərz) fər ˈækˌsɛs kənˈtroʊl ənd prəˈtɛkʃən. ˈkɑmpaʊnd ˈlaɪtɪŋ ˌɪnˈkrist fər ˌɑbzərˈveɪʃən. bɑrbd waɪər ˌɪnˈstɔld ɔn tɔp əv ðə ɪgˈzɪstɪŋ pərˈɪmətər wɔl tɪ reɪz haɪt. ˌɪnstəˈleɪʃən əv bɑrbd waɪər ɔn tɔp əv ðə ˌɪnˈtɪriər ʧeɪn lɪŋk fɛns tɪ kriˈeɪt ə ˈsɛkənˌdɛri ˈbɛriər. ˌɪnstəˈleɪʃən əv ˈsɛvərəl ˈplætˌfɔrmz fər ˈprɑpərti ənd strit sərˈveɪləns. kənˈstrəkʃən əv fɔr gɑrd buθs. ˌɪnstəˈleɪʃən əv stil grɪl wərk ɔn ɔl ˈwɪndoʊz nɑt ɔˈrɛdi ˈtritɪd wɪθ ðɪs prəˈtɛkʃən. ɪˈrɛktɪŋ ˈsændˌbæg ɪmˈpleɪsmənts fər ˌɪnˈtərnəl dɪˈfɛns ˈpərpəsɪz. ˈhɑrdənɪŋ ˈvɪləz wɪθ seɪf rumz wɪθ ə stil dɔr. ðoʊ səm əv ðiz sɪˈkjʊrəti upgrades”*” wər əˈpɛrəntli meɪd, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ðə steɪt dɪˈpɑrtmənt əˈkaʊntəˌbɪlɪti ˌrivˈju bɔrd rɪˈpɔrt ˈɪʃud ɔn dɪˈsɛmbər 20 2012 səˈfɪʃənt sɪˈkjʊrəti rɪˈmeɪnd ən ˈɪʃu æt ðə taɪm əv ðə əˈtæk: bɔrd ˈmɛmbərz faʊnd ə pərˈveɪsɪv ˈriləˈzeɪʃən əˈməŋ ˌpərsəˈnɛl hu sərvd ɪn ðət ðə ˈspɛʃəl ˈmɪʃən wɑz nɑt ə haɪ praɪˈɔrəti fər ˈwɔʃɪŋtən wɪn ɪt keɪm tɪ rɪkˈwɛsts, əˈspɛʃəli ðoʊz rɪˈleɪtɪŋ tɪ ˈstæfɪŋ. ðə ˌɪnsəˈfɪʃənt ˈspɛʃəl ˈmɪʃən sɪˈkjʊrəti ˈplætˌfɔrm wɑz æt ˈvɛriəns wɪθ ðə əˈproʊpriˌeɪt ˈoʊvərˈsiz sɪˈkjʊrəti ˈpɑləsi bɔrd (ospb*) ˈstændərdz wɪθ rɪˈspɛkt tɪ pərˈɪmətər ənd ˌɪnˈtɪriər sɪˈkjʊrəti. wɑz ˈɔlsoʊ səˈvɪrli wɪθ rɪˈgɑrd tɪ ˈsərtən ˈnidɪd sɪˈkjʊrəti ɪkˈwɪpmənt, ˌɔlˈðoʊ ˈfəndɪd ənd ˌɪnˈstɔld ɪn 2012 ə ˈnəmbər əv ˈfɪzɪkəl sɪˈkjʊrəti ˈəpˌgreɪdz. dɪˈspaɪt ədˈmɪʃən ɔn sɛpˈtɛmbər 12 ðət ðə ˈdɛdli ˈtɛrərɪst əˈsɔlt ɔn ðə ˈkɑnsələt wɑz nɑt ˈkəvər əv protest,”*,” bət wɑz, ɪn fækt, dɪˈrɛkt ˈbriʧɪŋ attack,”*,” juz. æmˈbæsədər tɪ ðə u.n*. ˈsuzən raɪs əˈpɪrd ɔn faɪv ˈmeɪʤər ˈɪntərvˌju ʃoʊz ðə ˈsənˌdi, sɛpˈtɛmbər 16 tɪ kleɪm ðə əˈtæk wɑz du tɪ ə protest”*” ənd wɑz nɑt priˈmɛdəˌteɪtɪd. beɪst ɔn ðə bɛst ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən wi hæv tɪ deɪt, wət ɑr əˈsɛsmənt ɪz ɛz əv ðə ˈprɛzənt ɪz ɪn fækt wət bɪˈgæn spɑnˈteɪniəsli ɪn ɛz ə riˈækʃən tɪ wət hæd trænˈspaɪərd səm aʊərz ˈərliər ɪn ˈkaɪroʊ wɛr, əv kɔrs, ɛz ju noʊ, ðɛr wɑz ə ˈvaɪələnt ˈproʊˌtɛst ˈaʊtˈsaɪd əv ɑr baɪ ðɪs ˈheɪtfəl ˈvɪdioʊ wi du du nɑt hæv ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən æt ˈprɛzənt ðət lidz ˈjuˈɛs tɪ kənˈklud ðət ðɪs wɑz priˈmɛdəˌteɪtɪd ər preplanned*. beɪst əˈpɑn ðə wərk əv ʤuˈdɪʃəl wɔʧ ðə haʊs səˈlɛkt kəˈmɪti wɑz əˈpɔɪntɪd ɛz ðə dɪˈrɛkt rɪˈzəlt əv iˈmeɪlz ənˈkəvərd baɪ ʤuˈdɪʃəl wɔʧ ʃoʊɪŋ waɪt haʊs ˌɔrkəˈstreɪʃən əv ðə ˈnoʊɪŋli fɔls ˈnɛrətɪv ðət ðə əˈtæk wɑz du tɪ ən ˈɪntərˌnɛt ˈvɪdioʊ ənd spɑnˈteɪniəs ˈproʊˌtɛsts. ðə ˈdɑkjəmənts wər əbˈteɪnd θru ˈfɛdərəl kɔrt ˈɔrdər əbˈteɪnd baɪ ʤuˈdɪʃəl wɔʧ ɪn ə ˈfridəm əv ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən ækt ˈlɔˌsut. ɔn ʤun 30 2016 ˈkɛnədi wɑz dɪˈpoʊzd baɪ ʤuˈdɪʃəl wɔʧ rɪˈgɑrdɪŋ ˈhɪləri ənd juz əv ðə ˈsɪstəm tɪ ˈkɑndəkt əˈfɪʃəl ˈgəvərnmənt ˈbɪznɪs. ˈkɛnədi ˈtɛstɪˌfaɪd ðət ðə sɪgˈnɪfɪkəns dɪd nɑt ““register”*” wɪθ ɪm ðət ˈklɪntən wɑz ˈjuzɪŋ ə iˈmeɪl əˈkaʊnt ˈivɪn ðoʊ hi kəmˈjunəˌkeɪtɪd wɪθ hər baɪ iˈmeɪl. ðoʊ hi wɑz ˌəndərˈsɛkrɪˌtɛri fər ˈmænɪʤmənt əv θri əv ðə fɔr ˈɔfəsɪz ʧɑrʤd wɪθ ɪnˈʃʊrɪŋ steɪt dɪˈpɑrtmənt ˈpɑləsiz ˈpræktɪsɪz ənd prəˈsiʤərz ər ˈfɑloʊd, hi toʊld ʤuˈdɪʃəl wɔʧ əˈtərniz hi hæd noʊ əˈpɪnjən ɛz tɪ ˈwɛðər ˈpɑləsiz wər ˈvaɪəleɪtɪd ɪkˈsɛpt tɪ seɪ ðət steɪt dɪˈpɑrtmənt ˈpɑləsi ɪnˈkərəʤəz ɪmˈplɔɪiz tɪ juz ˈæˈdrɛsɪz fər əˈfɪʃəl ˈbɪznɪs. ɔn ˈθərzˌdeɪ, ˈʤænjuˌɛri 26 ˈpætrɪk ˈkɛnədi lɛft hɪz pəˈzɪʃən æt ðə steɪt dɪˈpɑrtmənt. ˈdɑkjəmɛnt riˈmuvz ˈɛni ˈfərðər daʊt ðət ðə steɪt dɪˈpɑrtmənt ənd ðə ˌoʊˈbɑmə ædˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃən nu ˌɪˈmiˌdiətli ˈæftər ðə əˈsɔlt ɔn ðət ɪt wɑz ə ˈtɛrərɪst əˈtæk ənd nɑt ə demonstration’*’ ˈoʊvər ə video,’*,’ ɛz ðə ˌoʊˈbɑmə ædˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃən rɪˈpitɪdli claimed,”*,” sɛd ʤuˈdɪʃəl wɔʧ ˈprɛzɪdənt tɑm ˈfɪtən. ˈdɑkjəmənts ʃoʊ ðət ðə ˈskændəl ɪz nɑt ˈoʊvər nɑt baɪ ə lɔŋ shot.”*.”
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transcript from september 12, 2012, congressional staff call: question from congressional staffer: ‘was this attack under the cover of a protest?’
answer from under secretary patrick kennedy: ‘no, this was a direct breaching attack.’
(washington dc)—judicial watch today released 54 pages of new state department documents, including a transcript of a september 12 2012, telephone conference call with congressional staffers in which then-under secretary of state for management patrick kennedy admitted that the deadly terrorist assault on the benghazi consulate was not “under cover of protest,” but was, in fact, “a direct breaching attack.”
the documents were produced in response to a january 29, 2016, freedom of information act (foia) lawsuit that was filed in the u.s. district court for the district of columbia after the state department failed to respond to an august 27, 2015, foia request (judicial watch v. u.s. department of state (no. 1:16-cv-00153)). the recently settled lawsuit sought:
all records of security waivers issued for the special mission compound in benghazi, libya under the secure embassy construction and counterterrorism act (secca);
all records concerning, regarding, or related to the special mission compound in benghazi, libya being “excepted from office facility standards and accountability” under secca as noted by the benghazi accountability review board.
the transcript was contained in an email from julie k. bulgrin, the state department bureau of legislative affairs director for global and functional affairs:
from: bulgrin, julie k. sent: wednesday, september 12, 2012 7:55 pm to: h_egypt; canedo, denese; lang, alan; ‘rodriguez miguel’; ‘arguelles, adam’; ‘lundebergy, greta’; ‘ortiz, michael’; ‘lee collin’; pitkin, douglas a; maier, christina a subject: write up of u/s kennedy call with hill re libya the call ended up starting around 6:30. here are the raw notes. ***
rob carter – was this an attack under the cover of a protest?
no, this was a direct breaching attack.
do we have any ideas of who launched? leads?
some claims from someone who has never made threat before, but everyone is looking at this closely.
do we believe coordinated w/cairo?
attack in cairo was a demonstration. there were no weapons shown or used. a few cans of spray paint.
the call notes also detail that amb. stevens got of the compound, but “collapsed” and was taken to the hospital. kennedy also said that it was his personal opinion that the attack “was semi-complex.”
when asked why no americans troops were inserted, kennedy responded that “the entire thing lasted approximately 4.5 hours. no us forces within time to get there.” (this was false, troops were available and could have arrived in time to provide support during the second attack on the cia annex, which according to kennedy, was assaulted by 100 attackers.)
the documents also include a september 13, 2012, email in which an unidentified sender reveals that as early as december 2011, the state department confirmed the necessity for making a wide variety of “physical security upgrades.” those upgrades included:
concrete, jersey-type barriers installed curbside and on the villa ground to block unused vehicle gates.
four steel, manual drop-arms (vehicle barriers) for access control and anti-ram protection.
compound lighting increased for lgp observation.
barbed wire installed on top of the existing perimeter wall to raise height.
installation of barbed wire on top of the interior chain link fence to create a secondary barrier.
installation of several lgp platforms for property and street surveillance.
construction of four guard booths.
installation of steel grill work on all windows not already treated with this protection.
erecting sandbag emplacements for internal defense purposes.
hardening villas with safe rooms with a steel door.
though some of these “physical security upgrades” were apparently made, according to the state department accountability review board report issued on december 20, 2012, sufficient security remained an issue at the time of the attack:
board members found a pervasive realization among personnel who served in benghazi that the special mission was not a high priority for washington when it came to security-related requests, especially those relating to staffing. the insufficient special mission security platform was at variance with the appropriate overseas security policy board (ospb) standards with respect to perimeter and interior security. benghazi was also severely under-resourced with regard to certain needed security equipment, although ds funded and installed in 2012 a number of physical security upgrades.
despite kennedy’s admission on september 12 that the deadly terrorist assault on the benghazi consulate was not “under cover of protest,” but was, in fact, “a direct breaching attack,” u.s. ambassador to the u.n. susan rice appeared on five major interview shows the sunday, september 16, to claim the attack was due to a “spontaneous protest” and was not premeditated.
based on the best information we have to date, what our assessment is as of the present is in fact what began spontaneously in benghazi as a reaction to what had transpired some hours earlier in cairo where, of course, as you know, there was a violent protest outside of our embassy—sparked by this hateful video … we do not—we do not have information at present that leads us to conclude that this was premeditated or preplanned.
based upon the work of judicial watch , the house select committee was appointed as the direct result of emails uncovered by judicial watch showing white house orchestration of the knowingly false narrative that the benghazi attack was due to an internet video and spontaneous protests. the documents were obtained through federal court order obtained by judicial watch in a freedom of information act lawsuit.
on june 30, 2016, kennedy was deposed by judicial watch regarding hillary clinton’s and huma abedin’s use of the clintonemail.com system to conduct official government business. kennedy testified that the significance did not “register” with him that clinton was using a non-state.gov email account even though he communicated with her by email. though he was undersecretary for management of three of the four offices charged with ensuring state department policies practices and procedures are followed, he told judicial watch attorneys he had no opinion as to whether policies were violated except to say that state department records-management policy encourages employees to use state.gov addresses for official business.
on thursday, january 26, patrick kennedy left his position at the state department.
“this document removes any further doubt that the state department and the obama administration knew immediately after the assault on benghazi that it was a well-orchestrated terrorist attack and not a ‘spontaneous demonstration’ over a ‘hateful video,’ as the obama administration repeatedly claimed,” said judicial watch president tom fitton. “these documents show that the benghazi scandal is not over … not by a long shot.”
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©* ˈfæməli ˈfoʊˌtoʊ ˈviə ˈfeɪsˌbʊk ˈheɪli mʊr daɪd ˈæftər ˌæksəˈdɛnəli ˈʃutɪŋ hərˈsɛlf waɪl pleɪɪŋ wɪθ hər ˈfɑðərz ˈhændˌgən æt hɪz hoʊm ɪn laplace*, lɑ. ðeɪ hæd ə deɪ əv ˈfæməli fən əˈhɛd əv ðɛm. ˈɛrɪk mʊr, ə ˈfɑðər əv θri frəm laplace*, lɑ., wɑz ˈplænɪŋ tɪ teɪk hɪz kɪdz aʊt tɪ it ˌbiˈfɔr ˈhɛdɪŋ tɪ ðə ˈmuvi birds.”*.” ˌbiˈfɔr ðeɪ lɛft ðə haʊs, pəˈlis sɛd, mʊr ʤəmpt ɪn ðə ʃaʊər. ˈfɑðər sɛd hi wɑz ˈteɪkɪŋ ə ʃaʊər wɪn hi hərd ə gunshot,”*,” lt*. grɛg ˈbeɪkər əv ðə st*. ʤɑn ðə ˈbæptɪst ˈpɛrɪʃ ˈɔfəs toʊld ˈɛnˌbiˈsi əˈfɪliˌeɪt. gɑt aʊt əv ðə ʃaʊər, ənd wɪn hi dɪˈskəvərd ðət hɪz ˈdɔtər hæd ˌæksəˈdɛnəli ʃɑt herself.”*.” ˈheɪli mʊr hæd bɪn pleɪɪŋ wɪθ hər ˈhændˌgən, pəˈlis sɛd. mʊr toʊld ˌɪnˈvɛstəˌgeɪtərz ðət hi hæd lɛft hɪz gən aʊt ɔn ə ˈteɪbəl ɪn ðə hoʊm, ðə ˈsteɪʃən ˌriˈpɔrtəd. ˈbeɪkər toʊld ðə ˈsteɪʃən ðət ðə ˈbʊlət ˈɛnərd raɪt ʧɛst ənd ˈɛgzətɪd ˈəndər hər lɛft ɑrm. ʤɔɪ ˈərsɪn, ə ˈneɪbər, dɪˈskraɪbd ə ˈhɛroʊɪŋ sin ˈaʊtˈsaɪd ðə mʊr hoʊm əraʊnd a.m*. ˈsæˌtɪˌdeɪ. ˈɔfɪsər pʊld up,”*,” ˈərsɪn toʊld. kɪdz ræn aʊt əv ðə haʊs screaming.”*.” ˈərsɪn toʊld ðə ˈsteɪʃən ðət ʃi tʊk ðə ˈʧɪldrən ˈɪntu hər hoʊm ənd traɪd tɪ ˈkəmfərt ðɛm waɪl ˌpɛrəˈmɛdɪks pərˈfɔrmd ɔn ðɛr ˈsɪblɪŋ nɛkst dɔr. ɛz ðə ˈɪnsədənt ənˈfoʊldəd, pəˈlis traɪd tɪ ˈkəmfərt ðə ˈfɑðər, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ðə. ˈoʊldəst kɪd, ʃi rɪˈpitɪdli sɛd, ˈsɪstər ʃɑt hərˈsɛlf. maɪ ˈsɪstər ʃɑt hərˈsɛlf. aɪ noʊ ɪf goʊɪŋ tɪ bi ok.’”*.’” gɪts ʤækt əp tɪ ˈtərgət shoot,’*,’ mɑm brægz aʊərz ˌbiˈfɔr hi ʃuts hər] mʊr wɑz rəʃt tɪ ə ˈhɑˌspɪtəl, wɛr ʃi daɪd frəm hər ˈɪnʤəriz, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ə ˈsteɪtmənt ˈpoʊstɪd ɔn ˈfeɪsˌbʊk baɪ ðə ˈɔfəs. ðə ˈsteɪtmənt kənˈfərmd ðət, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ dɪˈtɛktɪvz, ðə ˈhændˌgən hæd nɑt bɪn sɪˈkjʊrd æt ðə taɪm. fərst θɪŋ ðət goʊz θru jʊr maɪnd ɪz ðət ə ʧaɪld ənd ju wɔnt tɪ du ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ ju kən tɪ hɛlp ðət ʧaɪld gɪt θru ðɪs ordeal,”*,” ˈbeɪkər toʊld ˈsiˌbiˌɛs əˈfɪliˌeɪt wwltv*. ˈərsɪn toʊld ðət ðə ˈpɛrənts ər dɪˈvɔrst ənd ðət ðeɪ steɪ wɪθ ðɛr ˈfɑðər ˈɛvəri ˈəðər ˈwiˌkɪnd. ʃi toʊld ðə ðət mʊr ɪz ə riˈspɑnsəbəl ˈpɛrənt hu tʊk gən ˈseɪfti ˈsɪriəsli. ʃi toʊld ðət ˈʧɪldrən wər ““aware”*” əv ðɛr gənz bət ðət ˈɛniˌtaɪm ðeɪ wər ɪn hɪz hoʊm, hi pʊt ðə ˈfaɪˌrɑrmz əˈweɪ. ʃi ˈædɪd ðət ˈheɪli wɑz ə ““firecracker”*” hu ləvd hər ˈfɑðər. aɪ kən seɪ ɪz ən ənˈfɔrʧənət θɪŋ bɪˈkəz ˈɛrɪk ɪz ə dɪˈseɪbəld ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri ˈvɛtərən ənd wən θɪŋ ɪz hi həz hɪz gənz, bət nɑt ˈɪgnərənt tɪ ðə fækt əv ðə ˈdeɪnʤər, əˈspɛʃəli wɪn hɪz kɪdz ər around,”*,” ˈərsɪn toʊld ðə. wʊd ˈɔlˌweɪz strɛs haʊ hi hæd tɪ sɪˈkjʊr [ðɛm], wət hi hæd tɪ goʊ θru wɪn ðə kɪdz came,”*,” ʃi ˈædɪd. meɪd ʃʊr əv ðət bɪˈkəz hi wʊd gɪt hɪz kɪdz ˈɛvəri ˈəðər weekend.”*.” soʊ fɑr ɪn 2016 æt list 94 ˈʧɪldrən ˈjəŋgər ðən 18 hæv pɪkt əp ə ˈfaɪˌrɑrm ənd ˌæksəˈdɛnəli ʃɑt ðɛmˈsɛlvz ər ˈsəmˌwən ɛls, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ˈdætə frəm fər gən ˈseɪfti, ə grup ˈfəndɪd baɪ ˈfɔrmər nu jɔrk meɪər ˈmaɪkəl ˈblumbərg. ðə ˈædvəkəsi grup, wɪʧ kəmˈpaɪlz ˈʃutɪŋ ˈdætə ˈjuzɪŋ nuz rɪˈpɔrts, faʊnd ðət 278 səʧ ˈʃutɪŋz əˈkərd ɪn 2015 ɪn mɑrʧ, ə ˈflɔrɪdə ˈməðər hu brægd ɔn ˈfeɪsˌbʊk ðət hər sən ʤækt əp tɪ ˈtərgət shoot”*” wɑz ˈwundɪd wɪn ðə ʧaɪld gɑt hɪz hænz ɔn ə gən ɪn ðə bæk sit əv hər ˈviɪkəl ənd ʃɑt hər ɪn ðə bæk. ˈdʊrɪŋ wən wik ɪn ˈeɪprəl, æt list fɔr ˈʧɪldrən ʃɑt ðɛmˈsɛlvz wɪθ gənz ðeɪ faʊnd. ə fɪθ ʧaɪld ðət wik ˈfeɪtəli ʃɑt hɪz ˈməðər wɪθ ə gən faʊnd ɪn hər kɑr. dɛθ ɪz stɪl ˈəndər ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃən, pəˈlis sɛd. ˈbeɪkər toʊld ðət ˌɪnˈvɛstəˌgeɪtərz wɔnt tɪ noʊ wət kɔzd ˈbruzɪŋ ɔn ðə skɪn bɪtˈwin θəm ənd ˈfɪŋgər. hi ˈnoʊtɪd ðət ðə dɪˌskələrˈeɪʃən bɪn ðə rɪˈzəlt əv ðə skɪn biɪŋ pɪnʧt baɪ ðə slaɪd əv ðə ˈwɛpən ˈæftər ɪt wɑz faɪərd. ““safety*, ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ ɪz safety,”*,” ˈbeɪkər toʊld ðə ˈsteɪʃən. ðə ˈoʊnər əv ə ˈwɛpən, baɪ ə seɪf bɑks, ə gən seɪf. ðə weɪ ɪt ɪz. tiʧ jʊr kɪdz. tiʧ jʊr ˈfæməli əˈbaʊt it.”*.” ˈərsɪn sɛd ˈfɑðər wɑz ““devastated.”*.” ˈspoʊkən tɪ ɪm sɪns. devastated,”*,” ʃi sɛd.
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© family photo via facebook five-year-old haley moore died after accidentally shooting herself while playing with her father's handgun at his home in laplace, la.
they had a day of family fun ahead of them.
eric moore, a father of three from laplace, la., was planning to take his kids out to eat before heading to the movie “angry birds.”
before they left the house, police said, moore jumped in the shower.
“the father said he was taking a shower when he heard a gunshot,” lt. greg baker of the st. john the baptist parish sheriff’s office told nbc affiliate wdsu. “he got out of the shower, and that’s when he discovered that his daughter had accidentally shot herself.”
five-year-old haley moore had been playing with her father’s handgun, police said. moore told investigators that he had left his .45-caliber gun out on a table in the home, the station reported.
baker told the station that the bullet entered haley’s right chest and exited under her left arm.
joy ursin, a next-door neighbor, described a harrowing scene outside the moore home around 9:30 a.m. saturday.
“the officer pulled up,” ursin told wdsu. “the kids ran out of the house screaming.”
ursin told the station that she took the children into her home and tried to comfort them while paramedics performed cpr on their sibling next door. as the incident unfolded, police tried to comfort the father, according to the times-picayune.
“the oldest kid, she repeatedly said, ‘my sister shot herself. my sister shot herself. i don’t know if she’s going to be ok.’”
[‘my 4-year-old gets jacked up to target shoot,’ mom brags hours before he shoots her]
moore was rushed to a hospital, where she died from her injuries, according to a statement posted on facebook by the sheriff’s office.
the statement confirmed that, according to detectives, the handgun had not been secured at the time.
“the first thing that goes through your mind is that it’s a child and you want to do everything you can to help that child get through this ordeal,” baker told cbs affiliate wwltv.
ursin told wdsu that the children’s parents are divorced and that they stay with their father every other weekend. she told the times-picayune that moore is a responsible parent who took gun safety seriously. she told wdsu that moore’s children were “aware” of their father’s guns but that anytime they were in his home, he put the firearms away.
she added that haley was a “firecracker” who loved her father.
“all i can say is it’s an unfortunate thing because eric is a disabled military veteran and one thing is he has his guns, but he’s not ignorant to the fact of the danger, especially when his kids are around,” ursin told the times-picayune.
“he would always stress how he had to secure [them], what he had to go through when the kids came,” she added. “he made sure of that because he would get his kids every other weekend.”
so far in 2016, at least 94 children younger than 18 have picked up a firearm and accidentally shot themselves or someone else, according to data from everytown for gun safety, a gun-control group funded by former new york mayor michael bloomberg. the advocacy group, which compiles shooting data using news reports, found that 278 such shootings occurred in 2015.
in march, a florida mother who bragged on facebook that her 4-year-old son “gets jacked up to target shoot” was wounded when the child got his hands on a gun in the back seat of her vehicle and shot her in the back.
during one week in april, at least four children shot themselves with guns they found. a fifth child that week fatally shot his mother with a gun found in her car.
moore’s death is still under investigation, police said. baker told wdsu that investigators want to know what caused bruising on the skin between haley’s thumb and finger. he noted that the discoloration could’ve been the result of the child’s skin being pinched by the slide of the weapon after it was fired.
“safety, everything is safety,” baker told the station. “if you’re the owner of a weapon, buy a safe box, a gun safe. that’s the way it is. teach your kids. teach your family about it.”
ursin said haley’s father was “devastated.”
“we’ve spoken to him since. he’s devastated,” she said.
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ˈpriviəs ˈstədiz əv ðə gəˈlæktɪk ˈhæbətəbəl zoʊn hæv bɪn kənˈsərnd wɪθ aɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪɪŋ ðoʊz ˈriʤənz əv ðə ˈgæləksi ðət meɪ ˈfeɪvər ðə ˈimərʤəns əv ˈkɑmplɛks laɪf ə ˈplænət ɪz dimd ˈhæbətəbəl ɪf ɪt mits ə sɛt əv əˈsumd kraɪˈtɪriə fər səˈpɔrtɪŋ ðə ˈimərʤəns əv səʧ ˈkɑmplɛks laɪf. ɪn ðɪs wərk, wi ɪkˈstɛnd ðə əˈsɛsmənt əv tɪ kənˈsɪdər ðə pəˈtɛnʃəl fər laɪf tɪ ˈfərðər ɪˈvɑlv tɪ ðə pɔɪnt əv ðə prəˈpɛnsɪti fər ðə ˈimərʤəns əv ˌɪnˈtɛləʤənt laɪf aɪ wi əˈsum aɪ ɪz ˈstrɔŋli ˈɪnfluənst baɪ ðə taɪm ˈdʊˈreɪʃənz əˈveɪləbəl fər ˌɛvəˈluʃəˌnɛri ˈprɑsɛsəz tɪ pərˈsid ˌəndɪˈstərbd baɪ ðə ˈstɛrəˌlaɪzɪŋ ˈifɛkts əv ˈnɪrˈbaɪ. ðə taɪmz bɪtˈwin ˌsupərˈnoʊvə ɪˈvɛnts prəˈvaɪd ˈwɪndoʊz əv ˌɑpərˈtunəti fər ðə ˌɛvəˈluʃən əv ˌɪnˈtɛləʤəns. wi dɪˈvɛləpt ə ˈmɑdəl ðət əˈlaʊz ˈjuˈɛs tɪ ˈænəˌlaɪz ðiz ˈwɪndoʊ taɪmz tɪ ˈʤɛnərˌeɪt ə ˈmɛtrɪk fər aɪ ənd wi ɪgˈzæmɪn hir ðə ˈspeɪʃəl ənd ˈtɛmpərəl ˌvɛriˈeɪʃən əv ðɪs ˈmɛtrɪk. ˈivɪn ˈəndər ðə əˈsəmpʃən ðət lɔŋ taɪm ˈdʊˈreɪʃənz ər rikˈwaɪərd bɪtˈwin ˌstɛrəlɪˈzeɪʃənz tɪ əˈlaʊ fər ðə ˈimərʤəns əv ˌɪnˈtɛləʤəns, ɑr ˈmɑdəl səˈʤɛsts ðət ðə ˈɪnər ˈgæləksi prəˈvaɪdz ðə ˈgreɪtəst ˈnəmbər əv ˌɑpərˈtunətiz fər ˌɪnˈtɛləʤəns tɪ əraɪz. ðɪs ɪz du tɪ ðə səbˈstænʃəli haɪər ˈnəmbər ˈdɛnsɪti əv ˈhæbətəbəl ˈplænəts ɪn ðɪs ˈriʤən, wɪʧ ˈaʊtˌweɪz ðə ˈifɛkts əv ə haɪər ˌsupərˈnoʊvə reɪt ɪn ðə ˈriʤən. ɑr ˈmɑdəl ˈɔlsoʊ ʃoʊz ðət aɪ ɪz ˌɪnˈkrisɪŋ wɪθ taɪm. ˌɪnˈtɛləʤənt laɪf ˈimərʤd æt əˈprɑksəmətli ðə ˈprɛzənt taɪm æt ərθs ˈreɪdiəs, bət ə ˈsɪmələr ˈlɛvəl əv ˌɛvəˈluʃəˌnɛri ˌɑpərˈtunəti wɑz əˈveɪləbəl ɪn ðə ˈɪnər ˈgæləksi mɔr ðən 2 ʤaɪr əˈgoʊ. ɑr ˈfaɪndɪŋz səˈʤɛst ðət ðə ˈɪnər ˈgæləksi ʃʊd ˈlɑʤɪkli bi ə praɪm ˈtərgət ˈriʤən fər ˈsərʧɪz fər ˌɛkstrətərˈɛstriəl ˌɪnˈtɛləʤəns ənd ðət ˈɛni ˌsɪvəlɪˈzeɪʃənz ðət meɪ hæv ˈimərʤd ðɛr ər pəˈtɛnʃəli məʧ ˈoʊldər ðən ɑr oʊn. ki wərdz: gəˈlæktɪk ˈhæbətəbəl life—seti*. 15 1 ˌɪntrəˈdəkʃən ˈrisənt ˈstədiz əv ðə əv ðə ˈmɪlki weɪ ˈgæləksi hæv ˈgɪvɪn raɪz tɪ ðə ˈnoʊʃən əv ə gəˈlæktɪk ˈhæbətəbəl zoʊn (ghz*), dɪˈfaɪnd ɛz ðə ˈriʤən (ər ˈriʤənz) əv ðə ˈgæləksi ðət meɪ ˈfeɪvər ðə ˈimərʤəns əv ˈkɑmplɛks laɪf (gɑnˈzɑləz ɛt æl., 2001 ˈlaɪnˌwivər ɛt æl., 2004 ɛt æl., 2011 ðɪs wərk həz bɪn ˈmoʊtəˌveɪtəd ˈlɑrʤli baɪ ðə kəmˈbaɪnd rɪˈzəlt əv (ˈpərrimən, 2012 ənd ðə dɪˈskəvəriz əv ˈnumərəs ɪkˈstrim kənˈdɪʃənz ˈəndər wɪʧ laɪf ɪz faʊnd tɪ θraɪv ɔn ərθ (ˈrɔθsˌʧaɪld ənd mɑnʧiˈnɛli, 2001 cavicchioli*, 2002 təˈgɛðər, ðeɪ səˈʤɛst ðət ðɛr meɪ bi ˈmɛni ˈhæbətəbəl ˈplænəts ɪn ðə ˈmɪlki weɪ. ðə aɪˈdiə əv ðə ərˈaɪzɪz bɪˈkəz, du tɪ ˈvɛriəs ˌəndərˈlaɪɪŋ ˈfæktərz, ˈhæbətəbəl ˈplænəts ər nɑt dɪˈstrɪbjətəd ˈjunəˌfɔrmli θruaʊt speɪs ənd taɪm. ðə ˈbɪldɪŋ blɑks əv tərˈɛstriəl ˈplænəts ər ˈɛləmənts ˈhɛviər ðən ˈhiliəm, soʊ səˈfɪʃənt taɪm ɪz rikˈwaɪərd fər ðiz ˈɛləmənts tɪ fɔrm θru ˈstɛlər nucleosynthesis*. ˈplænəts ʃʊd ˈɔlsoʊ nɑt ˈɑkjəˌpaɪ ɪnˈvaɪrənmənts wɪθ ə haɪ ˈfrikwənsi əv ˈtrænʒənt ˌreɪdiˈeɪʃən ɪˈvɛnts, səʧ ɛz), ðət meɪ ɛnˈdeɪnʤər ðə ˈlɔŋˈtərm sərˈvaɪvəl əv ˈkɑmplɛks laɪf. ðəs, ðə ˈprɑpərtiz əv ðə ˈmɪlki weɪ ənd ɪts ˈstɛlər ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃən wɪl draɪv ðə ˈriʤənz wɛr wi meɪ ɪkˈspɛkt laɪf tɪ θraɪv ɔn lɔŋ. ðə ˌmoʊtəˈveɪʃən fər ðə ˈkɑrənt wərk ɪz tɪ ˌɪnˈvɛstəˌgeɪt haʊ, ənd tɪ wət ɪkˈstɛnt, kənˌsɪdərˈeɪʃən əv ðə kən əˈsɪst ɪn dɪˈvɛləpɪŋ ˈifɛktɪv ˈstrætəʤiz fər ðə sərʧ fər ˌɛkstrətərˈɛstriəl ˌɪnˈtɛləʤəns (ˈsɛˌti). ɪn ðɪs wərk, wi meɪk ən ˌəndərˈlaɪɪŋ əˈsəmpʃən ðət ˌɪnˈtɛləʤəns (ənd pəˈtɛnʃəli ə ˌtɛknəˈlɑʤɪkəl ˌsɪvəlɪˈzeɪʃən) kən ˈimərʤ ɔn ə ˈhæbətəbəl ˈplænət, ˈgɪvɪn taɪm. ˌɔlˈðoʊ wi ˈkərəntli noʊ əv ˈoʊnli ðə wən ɪgˈzæmpəl wɛr ðɪs əˈkərd ɔn ərθ, ðɪs ɪz ˌnənðəˈlɛs ən əˈsəmpʃən. ðə ˈfæktərz ˈɪnˌfluənsɪŋ ðə ˌɛvəˈluʃən əv ˌɪnˈtɛləʤəns ər nɑt ˈkərəntli wɛl ˌəndərˈstʊd. ðɛr ɪz ən ˈɔnˌgoʊɪŋ ˌsaɪənˈtɪfɪk ənd ˌfɪləˈsɑfɪkəl dəˈbeɪt ɛz tɪ ˈwɛðər ɪts əˈkərəns ɔn ərθ ɪz ən ənˈlaɪkli fluk [ɛz ˈædvəˌkeɪtɪd baɪ kənˈtɪnʤənsi θiərɪsts səʧ ɛz guld 1989 ənd ˈlaɪnˌwivər 2005 ər meɪ bi ˌɪˈnɛvətəbəl (ˈgɪvɪn səˈfɪʃənt taɪm) ɪn ˈɛni ˈhæbətəbəl ɪnˈvaɪrənmənt wɛr laɪf həz ərˈɪʤəˌneɪtəd [ɛz dɪˈfɛndɪd baɪ ććirković*ć 2012 wi teɪk noʊ saɪd ɪn ðɪs dəˈbeɪt, kənˈtɛndɪŋ ðət ðə ˌræʃəˈnælɪti əv kənˈdəktɪŋ ˈsɛˌti dɪz nɑt dɪˈpɛnd ɔn ðə ˈnəmbər əv pəˈtɛnʃəl ˈtərgət ˌsɪvəlɪˈzeɪʃənz (ə pɔɪnt ˈɔlsoʊ meɪd baɪ ććirković*ć). ðə ˌprɑbəˈbɪləˌti əv ˌɪnˈtɛləʤəns ˈimərʤɪŋ ɪn ðə ˈgæləksi ɪz ˈklɪrli nonzero*, ənd ðɪs ɪz səˈfɪʃənt tɪ kənˈklud ðət ˈəðər ər ˈpɑsəbəl, wɪʧ ɪn tərn ɪz səˈfɪʃənt ˌʤəstəfəˈkeɪʃən tɪ pərˈfɔrm ðə ˈsɛˌti ɪkˈspɛrəmənt. wi kənˈsərn ɑrˈsɛlvz ˈoʊnli wɪθ ðə ˈrɛlətɪv prəˈpɛnsɪti fər ˌɪnˈtɛləʤəns tɪ ˈimərʤ ɪn ˈdɪfərənt ɪn ðə ˈgæləksi. ðɪs kən tɛl ˈjuˈɛs ˈnəθɪŋ əˈbaʊt ðə ˈæbsəˌlut ˈnəmbər əv ˌɑrtəˈfɪʃəl ˈsɔrsəz əv ˌɪˌlɛktroʊmægˈnɛtɪk ˌreɪdiˈeɪʃən wi kən ɪkˈspɛkt tɪ ɪgˈzɪst ɪn ðə ˈgæləksi, ˈoʊnli wɪʧ ər ðə ˌprɛfərˈɛnʃəl dɪˈrɛkʃɪnz tɪ pɔɪnt ɑr ˈtɛləˌskoʊps tɪ ˈmæksəˌmaɪz ðə ˈʧænsɪz əv ə dɪˈtɛkʃən. ɪn ˈfɔrmjəˌleɪtɪŋ ə ˈmɛtrɪk fər ðɪs ˈrɛlətɪv prəˈpɛnsɪti, wi meɪk noʊ əˈsəmpʃənz kənˈsərnɪŋ ðə ˌɪnˈvɑlvd ɪn ðə ˌɛvəˈluʃən əv ˌɪnˈtɛləʤəns, ˈəðər ðən ˈmeɪkɪŋ ðə wik (self-evident*?) əˈsəmpʃən ðət ˈɛni ɪˈvɛnt ðət teɪks taɪm tɪ ˈhæpən wɪl bi mɔr ˈlaɪkli tɪ ˈhæpən ɪf mɔr taɪm ɪz əˈveɪləbəl. spəˈsɪfɪkli, wi ɪgˈzæmɪn ˈoʊnli ðə ˈʤɛnərəl ˌprikənˈdɪʃənz fər ˌɪnˈtɛləʤəns ðət ər noʊn tɪ hæv əˈplaɪd ɔn ərθ ənd meɪk ðə əˈsəmpʃən ðət ˈplænəts ˈɔfərɪŋ ˈsɪmələr ˌprikənˈdɪʃənz wɪl meɪk ðə ˌɛvəˈluʃən əv ˌɪnˈtɛləʤəns ˈpɑsəbəl ɔn ðət ˈplænət. ðə mɔr səʧ ˈplænəts, ənd ðə mɔr taɪm ɪz əˈveɪləbəl ɔn ðoʊz ˈplænəts fər ˌɛvəˈluʃəˌnɛri ˈprɑsɛsəz tɪ pərˈsid ˌəndɪˈstərbd, ðə ˈgreɪtər wɪl bi ðə ˈlɛvəl əv ˌɑpərˈtunəti fər ˌɪnˈtɛləʤəns tɪ ˈimərʤ. noʊ ˈmætər haʊ ˈlaɪkli ər ənˈlaɪkli ðə ˈimərʤəns əv ˌɪnˈtɛləʤəns, ɪt məst ˈʃʊrli bi mɔr ˈlaɪkli wɛr ɪt ɪz ˈgɪvɪn mɔr ˌɑpərˈtunəti. ˈərli ˈɛfərts tɪ ˌəndərˈstænd ənd kˈwɑntɪˌfaɪ ðə pəˈtɛnʃəl fər laɪf ənd ˌɪnˈtɛləʤəns tɪ əraɪz θruaʊt ðə ˈgæləksi ˌɪnˈkludɪd ðə wərk əv dreɪk ɪn ðə 1960s*, ɛnˈkæpsəˌleɪtɪd baɪ ðə equation”*” (dreɪk, 2003 ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ðə ɪkˈweɪʒən dɪz nɑt teɪk əˈkaʊnt əv ðə ˌɛvəˈluʃən əv ðə ˈfɪzɪkəl ˈprɑpərtiz əv ðə ˈmɪlki weɪ. ðə ˈfæktərz əv ðə ɪkˈweɪʒən du nɑt hæv ə ˈtɛmpərəl dɪˈpɛndəns (ććirković*ć, 2004 ər dil wɪθ ðə ˌɪnˈhɛrənt pərˈæmətər ənˈsərtəntiz θru ðə ˌæpləˈkeɪʃən əv ˌprɑbəˈbɪləˌti ˌdɪstrəˈbjuʃənz (maccone*, 2010 gleɪd ɛt æl., 2012 ɪn tərmz əv ˈtɛmpərəl kənˌsɪdərˈeɪʃənz ənd ðə əv ˈspeɪʃəl sərʧ ˈriʤənz, ðə dreɪk ɪkˈweɪʒən kən, ˈðɛrˌfɔr, prəˈvaɪd ˈlɪtəl ˈgaɪdəns tɪ ˈsɛˌti. ðə ˈtɛmpərəl ənd ˈspeɪʃəl ˈæˌspɛkts əv gəˈlæktɪk wər fərst kˈwɑntɪˌfaɪd baɪ gɑnˈzɑləz ɛt æl. 2001 ənd ˈleɪtər ɪkˈspændɪd tɪ ˌɪnˈklud ˈdeɪnʤərz tɪ ðə fɔrˈmeɪʃən ənd əv tərˈɛstriəl ˈplænəts baɪ ˈlaɪnˌwivər ɛt æl. 2004 ənd ðɛn ˈstədid ˈjuzɪŋ ə ˈmɑnti ˈkɑrloʊ ˌsɪmjəˈleɪʃən ɔn ðə ˌrɛzəˈluʃən əv ˌɪndəˈvɪʤəwəl stɑrz baɪ ɛt æl. 2011 ə kəmˈpɛrəsən bɪtˈwin ðə əv ðə ˈmɪlki weɪ ənd wɑz meɪd baɪ ɛt æl. 2013 fər ən ɔlˈtərnətɪv pərˈspɛktɪv ɔn ðiz ˈstədiz, si ðə wərk əv 2008 ðə ˈmɑdəl dɪˈskraɪbd baɪ ɛt æl. 2011 kənˈsɪdərz ðə ˈstɛlər ˈnəmbər ˈdɛnsɪti ˌdɪstrəˈbjuʃən ənd fɔrˈmeɪʃən ˈhɪstəri əv ðə ˈgæləksi, ˈplænət fɔrˈmeɪʃən ˈmɛkəˌnɪzəmz, ənd ðə ˈhæzərdz tɪ ˈplænəˌtɛri ˈbaɪoʊsˌfɪrz ɛz ə rɪˈzəlt əv ˌsupərˈnoʊvə (sn*) ˌstɛrəlɪˈzeɪʃən ɪˈvɛnts ðət teɪk pleɪs ɪn ðə vɪˈsɪnɪti əv ðə ˈplænəts. beɪst ɔn ˈteɪkən frəm ðə ˈɔrəʤən ənd ˌɛvəˈluʃən əv laɪf ɔn ərθ, ðə ˈmɑdəl səˈʤɛsts lɑrʤ ˈnəmbərz əv pəˈtɛnʃəli ˈhæbətəbəl ˈplænəts meɪ ɪgˈzɪst ɪn ɑr ˈgæləksi (æt list əv ɔl stɑrz ɪn ðə ˈmɪlki weɪ pəˈtɛnʃəli hoʊst ə ˈhæbətəbəl ˈplænət), wɪθ ðə ˈgreɪtəst ˌkɑnsənˈtreɪʃən ˈlaɪkli biɪŋ təˈwɔrd ðə ˈɪnər ˈgæləksi. ðɪs əˈproʊʧ ˈæˈdrɛsɪz ðə ˈimərʤəns əv ˈkɑmplɛks laɪf (spəˈsɪfɪkli ˈænəməl laɪf), bət ɪt dɪz nɑt kənˈsɪdər ˌɪnˈtɛləʤəns ər ðə taɪp əv ˌtɛknəˈlɑʤɪkəl ˌsɪvəlɪˈzeɪʃən ðət kən bi dɪˈtɛktɪd baɪ ˈsɛˌti. ˈrisənt ˈɛfərts tɪ kˈwɑntɪˌfaɪ ðə ˈimərʤəns əv ˌɪnˈtɛləʤənt kəmˈjunəˌkeɪtɪŋ ˌsɪvəlɪˈzeɪʃənz wɪˈθɪn ðə ˈgæləksi ˌɪnˈklud ðoʊz əv 2009 ənd raɪs 2010 ənd hɛr 2011 ðə ˈfɔrmər tu ˈpeɪpərz dɪˈskraɪb ə ˈmɑnti ˈkɑrloʊ ˈmɛθəd tɪ stoʊˈkæstɪkəˌli ɪˈvæljuˌeɪt ˈwɛðər ˌɪndəˈvɪʤəwəl ˈhæbətəbəl ˈplænəts riʧ ə ˌtɛknəˈlɑʤɪkəl ˌsɪvəlɪˈzeɪʃən. ðeɪ kənˈsɪdər ðə ˌɪmˈpækt əv ɪˈvɛnts, ɔlˈbiɪt ˈjuzɪŋ ə ˈsɪmpləˌfaɪd ˈmɑdəl wɛr ˈrisɛts əˈkər æt ˈrɛgjələr ˈɪntərvəlz. ðɛr ˈfreɪmˌwərk ɪz ˈvɛri ˈjusfəl fər ˌəndərˈstændɪŋ ðə kənˈstreɪnts (boʊθ ˈtɛmpərəl ənd ˈspeɪʃəl) ˈfeɪsɪŋ ˈsɛˌti. hɛr 2011 ˈmɑdəld ðə ˈæbsəˌlut taɪm əv əˈpɪrəns əv ˌɪnˈtɛləʤəns baɪ minz əv ə ˈgaʊsiən ˌdɪstrəˈbjuʃən ənd prəˈsidəd tɪ ˈænəˌlaɪz ðə taɪmz əv səkˈsɛsɪv ˌsɪvəlɪˈzeɪʃənz. əˈgɛn, ðə ˈfaɪndɪŋz prəˈvaɪd ˈjusfəl ˈɪnˌsaɪts ˈɪntu ðə ˈʧælənʤ əv ˈsɛˌti. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ðə ˈmɑdəl əv hɛr 2011 dɪz nɑt teɪk ˈɪntu əˈkaʊnt ðə ˈspeɪʃəl ənd ˈtɛmpərəl ˌvɛriˈeɪʃənz əv kənˈdɪʃənz kənˈdusɪv tɪ ðə ˈimərʤəns əv ˌlɪmɪˈteɪʃən ˈɔlsoʊ ˈnoʊtɪd ənd dɪˈskəst baɪ 2011 ˈfərðərˌmɔr, ɪn boʊθ ˈmɑdəlz, ðə pərˈæmətərz əˈsaɪnd tɪ ðɛr rɪˈspɛktɪv ˌprɑbəˈbɪləˌti ˌdɪstrəˈbjuʃənz ər ˈsəmˈwət ˈɑrbɪˌtrɛri, wɪʧ ɪz ˌnɛsəˈsɛrəli ðə keɪs ˈgɪvɪn ðət ðɛr ɪz ʤɪst wən ˈdætə pɔɪnt (ðə ˈimərʤəns əv ˌɪnˈtɛləʤəns ɔn ərθ) wɪθ wɪʧ tɪ ˈkæləˌbreɪt ðə ˈmɑdəlz. ˈgɪvɪn ðə ˈʧælənʤɪz əˈsoʊʃiˌeɪtəd wɪθ ˈmɑdəlɪŋ ðə ˈimərʤəns əv ˌsɪvəlɪˈzeɪʃənz, ɛz dɪˈskraɪbd əˈbəv, ðə goʊl ɪn ɑr wərk ɪz nɑt tɪ ˈɛstəˌmeɪt ðə ˈæbsəˌlut ˈnəmbər əv ˌsɪvəlɪˈzeɪʃənz dɪˈstrɪbjətəd hɪˈstɔrɪkəli θruaʊt ðə ˈgæləksi bət tɪ ˈænəˌlaɪz ðə ˈrɛlətɪv prəˈpɛnsɪti fər ˌɪnˈtɛləʤənt laɪf tɪ əraɪz ɪn ˈdɪfərənt ˈriʤənz ənd ˈɛpəks əv ðə ˈgæləksi. ˈrɛlətɪv ˈnəmbərz ənd ˌdɪstrəˈbjuʃənz ər səˈfɪʃənt tɪ prəˈvaɪd ˈgaɪdəns tɪ ˈsɛˌti. ənˈtɪl ə fərst ˌdɪˈskəvri ɪz meɪd, ˈɑrgjuəbli ðə moʊst ˈifɛktɪv ˈsɛˌti ˈstrætəʤi (wən ðət meɪks bɛst juz əv ˈlɪmɪtɪd ˈrisɔrsɪz) ɪz tɪ ˈfoʊkɪs ɔn ðoʊz ˈspeɪʃəl ˈriʤənz ˈlaɪkli tɪ hoʊst ðə ˈgreɪtəst ˈnəmbər əv pəˈtɛnʃəl ˌɛkstrətərˈɛstriəl ˈsɪgnəl ˈsɔrsəz. wɪn kənˈsɪdərɪŋ pəˈtɛnʃəl ˈtərgət ˈsɔrsəz fər ˈsɛˌti, ðɛr reɪnʤ məst bi ˈteɪkən ˈɪntu əˈkaʊnt, ɛz wɛl ɛz ðə taɪp əv ˈsɪgnəl wən ɪz əˈtɛmptɪŋ tɪ dɪˈtɛkt. ðɛr ər ɛˈsɛnʃəli tu dɪˈstɪŋkt moʊdz əv kənˈdəktɪŋ seti”*”: 1 ““eavesdropping”*” ɔn ˌənɪnˈtɛnʃənəl ˈlikɪʤ ˌreɪdiˈeɪʃən ər 2 ˈsərʧɪŋ fər ˌɪnˈtɛnʃənəli trænzˈmɪtəd ˈbikən ˈsɪgnəlz (wɪʧ meɪ ər meɪ nɑt kənˈteɪn ɛmˈbɛdɪd ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən). ˈivzˌdrɑpɪŋ həz ðə ædˈvæntɪʤ ðət ɪt dɪz nɑt rɪˈlaɪ ɔn ðə kˌwɔpərˈeɪʃən əv ðə ˈreɪdiˌeɪtɪŋ ˌsɪvəlɪˈzeɪʃən. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ðə reɪnʤ ˈoʊvər wɪʧ səʧ ˈlikɪʤ ˌreɪdiˈeɪʃən kən bi dɪˈtɛktɪd ɪz ˈlɪmɪtɪd; ˈprɑbəˌbli noʊ mɔr ðən ə ˈhənərd parsecs*, ˈivɪn əˈsumɪŋ ðə ˈprɛzəns əv ˈpaʊərfəl ər ˌmɑnəkroʊˈmætɪk ˈsɔrsəz ənd ˈnɪkɔl, 2011 ˈðɛrˌfɔr, ˈivzˌdrɑpɪŋ meɪ ˈoʊnli bi səkˈsɛsfəl wɪˈθɪn ðə ˈsoʊlər ˈneɪbərˌhʊd. ɪn ˈkɑntræst, ən ˌɪnˈtɛnʃənəl ˈbikən ˈsɪgnəl kən bi ˈhaɪli dɪˈrɛkʃɪnəl ənd, wɪθ səˈfɪʃənt paʊər, meɪ bi dɪˈtɛktəbəl ˈoʊvər ər ˈivɪn ˈdɪstənsɪz (ˈbɛnfərd ɛt æl., 2010 dɪˈtɛktɪŋ səʧ ə ˈbikən ˈɑbviəsli rɪˈlaɪz ɔn ðə ɪgˈzɪstəns əv ə ˈbikən ˈbɪldər (ənd ərθ biɪŋ wən əv ðə ˈtɑrgəts), bət ɪt həz ðə ædˈvæntɪʤ ðət ðə haɪər pərˈmɪsəbəl reɪnʤ drəˈmætɪkəli ˌɪnˈkrisɪz ðə ˈnəmbər əv pəˈtɛnʃəl ˈsɔrsəz wɪˈθɪn ðə sərʧ speɪs. ðiz kənˌsɪdərˈeɪʃənz hæv lɛd tɪ ə ˈsɪriz əv wərks ðət ˈæˌdrɛs pəˈtɛnʃəl ˈtɑrgəts fər ˈsɛˌti ənd ˈhæbətəbəl ˈplænəts ɪn laɪt əv ˈkɑrənt ˌlɪmɪˈteɪʃənz ənd əˈsəmpʃənz rɪˈgɑrdɪŋ ˈəðər pəˈtɛnʃəl ˌsɪvəlɪˈzeɪʃənz (ˈtərnˌbʊl ənd ˈtɑrtər, 2003 ˈbɛkˌwɪθ, 2008 ɛt æl., 2010 əˈsumɪŋ ðət ˈsɛˌti ˈɛfərts ədˈvæns wɪθ taɪm, ə ˈbɑdi əv wərk həz bɪn dɪˈvɛləpt ðət kənˈsɪdərz ðə ˌpɑsəˈbɪlətiz əv ˌtɛknəˈlɑʤɪkəl ˌsɪvəlɪˈzeɪʃənz ɪn ðə ˈkɑntɛkst bɪɔnd ðə ˈtɛknɪkəl ˌlɪmɪˈteɪʃənz əv ˈsɛˌti, wɪʧ ɪz ðə ˈfoʊkɪs əv ðə ˈprɛzənt ˈstədi. ðə əˈproʊʧ əˈdɑptəd ɪn ðə ˈkɑrənt wərk ˈpərˌmɪts ˈjuˈɛs tɪ səˈʤɛst ˈgaɪˌdlaɪnz fər ˈsɛˌti ðət ər ˈgraʊndɪd ɪn ˌɛvəˈluʃəˌnɛri ˈprɑsɛsəz səʧ ɛz gəˈlæktɪk ˈkɛmɪkəl ˌɛvəˈluʃən, wɪʧ ɪn tərn əˈfɛkt ˈplænət fɔrˈmeɪʃən reɪts, ðəs əˈvɔɪdɪŋ əˈproʊʧɪz ðət əˈsum ˈjunəˌfɔrm ˌdɪstrəˈbjuʃənz əv ˈprɑpərtiz θruaʊt ðə ˈhɪstəri əv ðə ˈmɪlki weɪ. əˈdɪʃəˌnəli, ðə ˌsɛlfkənˈsɪstənt ˈmɑdəl ɪnˈʃʊrz ðət ðə ˈprɛʃərz ɔn ˈkɑmplɛks ər ˌɪnˈtɛləʤənt laɪf frəm ˌbaɪəˈlɑʤɪkəl ɪkˈstɪŋʃən ɪˈvɛnts ɪn ðɪs wərk) ər ðə rɪˈzəlt əv ðə ˌɛvəˈluʃəˌnɛri ˈprɑsɛsəz. ɑr əˈbʤɛktɪv ɪz tɪ əˈkaʊnt fər ðə ˌrɛgjəˈleɪʃən əv ənd ˈsəbsəkwənt ˌɑpərˈtunətiz fər ˌɪnˈtɛləʤənt laɪf ɪn ðə ˈkɑntɛkst əv ən ɪˈvɑlvɪŋ ˈgæləksi. ˈfɑloʊɪŋ ðɪs ˌɪntrəˈdəkʃən, ˈsɛkʃən 2 dɪˈskraɪbz ðə ˌsɪmjəˈleɪʃən ˈmɑdəl ənd æˈnælɪsɪs ˌmɛθəˈdɑləʤi. fərst, wi prəˈvaɪd ən ˈoʊvərvˌju əv ðə ˈmɑnti ˈkɑrloʊ ˌsɪmjəˈleɪʃən ˈmɑdəl əv ɛt æl. 2011 ɔn wɪʧ ðə ˈkɑrənt wərk ɪz beɪst, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ haʊ traɪəl ˈplænət ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃənz ər ˈʤɛnərˌeɪtɪd ənd haʊ ɪz əˈsɛst. wi ðɛn dɪˈskraɪb haʊ ðɪs ˈmɑdəl ɪz ɪkˈstɛndɪd tɪ əˈsɛs ðə prəˈpɛnsɪti fər ðə ˈimərʤəns əv ˌɪnˈtɛləʤəns (dɪˈnoʊtəd aɪ ənd ðə ˈmɛθəd əv kriˈeɪtɪŋ ə ˈmɛtrɪk fər aɪ ˈsɛkʃən 3 ˈprɛzənts ɑr rɪˈzəlts ɔn ðə ˈspeɪʃəl ənd ˈtɛmpərəl ˌvɛriˈeɪʃən əv ðɪs ˈmɛtrɪk ənd dɪˈskəsɪz ðɛr sɪgˈnɪfɪkəns, wɪθ ˌpɑˈtɪkjələr ˈrɛfərəns tɪ ˈsɛˌti. ˈfaɪnəli, ˈsɛkʃən 4 kənˈkludz ðə ˈpeɪpər wɪθ ə ˈsəməri əv ɑr ˈfaɪndɪŋz. 2 ˌmɛθəˈdɑləʤi ˈmɑnti ˈkɑrloʊ ˈmɑdəl ðə ˈstɑrtɪŋ pɔɪnt fər ðə ˈprɛzənt ˈstədi wɑz ðə ˈmɑdəl əv ðə ˈmɪlki weɪ dɪˈvɛləpt baɪ ɛt æl. 2011 ɪn ðət ˈmɑdəl, ˈvɛriəs ˈmeɪʤər əbˈzərvəbəl ˈprɑpərtiz əv ðə dɪsk əv ðə ˈmɪlki weɪ wər juzd tɪ ˈpɑpjəˌleɪt stɑrz ənd ˈplænəts ɔn ən ˌɪndəˈvɪʤəwəl ˈbeɪsɪs ˈjuzɪŋ ˈmɑnti ˈkɑrloʊ ˈmɛθədz. tɪ əˈsɛs, ðeɪ ˈmɑdəld ɛz ə ˈfəŋkʃən əv ðə ˈprɑpərtiz əv ðə ˈmɪlki weɪ, ˈplænət fɔrˈmeɪʃən, ənd ðə taɪm rikˈwaɪərd fər ðə ˈimərʤəns əv ˈkɑmplɛks laɪf. ðɛr ˈmɑdəlɪŋ əv ðə gəˈlæktɪk dɪsk ˌɪnˈkɔrpərˌeɪts ə ˈtoʊtəl ˈstɛlər mæs, ən ˌɪˈnɪʃəl mæs ˈfəŋkʃən (imf*), ə θˌrizdɪˈmɛnʃənəl ˈstɛlər ˈnəmbər ˈdɛnsɪti ˌdɪstrəˈbjuʃən, ə stɑr fɔrˈmeɪʃən ˈhɪstəri, ənd ə gəˈlæktɪk ˈkɛmɪkəl ˌɛvəˈluʃən ˈmɑdəl. ðeɪ ˈoʊnli kənˈsɪdər dɪsk stɑrz wɪθ ˈgreɪtər ðən, bɪˈkəz əv ˈdɪfɪˌkəltiz ɪn ˈækjərətli ˈmɑdəlɪŋ ðə ˈriʤən ˌɪnˈsaɪd du tɪ ðə ˈkɑmpləˌkeɪtəd fɔrˈmeɪʃən ˈhɪstəri əv ðə bəlʤ. ˌnɛvərðəˈlɛs, ðɛr ˈmɑdəl ˌɪnˈkludz əv ðə dɪsk stɑrz ɪn ðə ˈgæləksi, wɛr ðə dɪsk kənˈteɪnz ðə məˈʤɔrəti əv ðə stɑrz ɪn ðə ˈmɪlki weɪ. fɔr ˈvɛriənts əv ðə ˈmɑdəl wər prəˈpoʊzd tɪ əˈsɛs ˌsɛnsɪˈtɪvɪti tɪ ˌvɛriˈeɪʃənz ɪn ðə pərˈæmətərz ˈaʊˌtlaɪnd əˈbəv. ɪn ˌpɑˈtɪkjələr, tu wər ˈjutəˌlaɪzd [ˈkrupə 2001 ənd 1955 ənd tu ˈstɛlər ˈnəmbər ˈdɛnsɪti ˌdɪstrəˈbjuʃənz [jurić*ć ɛt æl. 2008 ənd ˈkɛrəl ənd 2006 ə fɪkst ˈtoʊtəl dɪsk mæs (ˈbɪni ənd trɪˈmeɪn, 2008 stɑr fɔrˈmeɪʃən ˈhɪstəri, ənd əˈsoʊʃiˌeɪtəd gəˈlæktɪk ˈkɛmɪkəl ˌɛvəˈluʃən ˈmɑdəl (nɑb ənd ostriker*, 2006 wər ɪmˈplɔɪd. ɔl ðə ˈmɑdəlz ɪkˈsplɔrd baɪ ɛt æl. 2011 ˌriprəˈdust ðə seɪm ˈʤɛnərəl bɪˈheɪvjər ənd faʊnd ðət wɑz ðə ˈgreɪtəst təˈwɔrd ðə ˈɪnər ˈgæləksi. ɪn ðə ˈprɛzənt ˈstədi, wi ˈkɑnsənˌtreɪt ˈoʊnli ɔn ðə moʊst ˌpɛsəˈmɪstɪk ˈmɑdəl (ˈmɑdəl 4 beɪst ɔn ə ˈkrupə ənd faʊnd tɪ hæv əv ɔl stɑrz ˈhoʊstɪŋ ə ˈhæbətəbəl ˈplænət (əv wɪʧ ər lɑkt ənd ər tɪ ðɛr hoʊst stɑrz). fər ə dɪˈteɪld ˌdɛfəˈnɪʃən əv ðə ˈmɑdəl ənd ɪts əˈsoʊʃiˌeɪtəd pərˈæmətərz, si ðə wərk əv ɛt æl. 2011 ˈtrænʒənt ˌreɪdiˈeɪʃən ɪˈvɛnts ɪn ðə ˈmɪlki weɪ kriˈeɪt ˈkɑzmɪk reɪz, ˈɛksˌreɪz, ənd ˈgæmə reɪz, wɪʧ kən dɪˈplit ˈplænəˌtɛri əv ˈoʊˌzoʊn, ɪkˈspoʊz ˈplænəts tɪ ðɛr hoʊst stɑrz, ənd ðəs kɔz ˈmæsɪv ɪkˈstɪŋʃənz tɪ laɪf [si ənd ˈtɑməs 2011 fər ən ˈoʊvərvˌju əv ˌreɪdiˈeɪʃən ˈhæzərdz tɪ ɑr ˈbaɪoʊsˌfɪr]. ðə ɛt æl. 2011 ˈmɑdəl ˈfoʊkɪsɪz ɔn ðə əˈbɪləˌti əv ˈplænəts tɪ sərˈvaɪv ˌstɛrəlɪˈzeɪʃənz. ˈgɪvɪn ə ˈtoʊtəl dɪsk mæs, ən, ˈstɛlər ˈnəmbər ˈdɛnsɪti ˌdɪstrəˈbjuʃən, ənd stɑr fɔrˈmeɪʃən ˈhɪstəri, taɪp (snii*) ənd taɪp ˈiə (sˈniə) wər ˈpɑpjəˌleɪtəd ˌɪndɪˈpɛndəntli, wɪʧ ɪkˈsprɛsɪz ˈdɪfərənsɪz ɪn fɔrˈmeɪʃən reɪts ənd ˌstɛrəlɪˈzeɪʃən ˈdɪstənsɪz bɪtˈwin ðiz taɪps əv. ɪt wɑz əˈsumd ðət ˈplænəts ˈnɪrˈbaɪ ðiz (ðə ˌstɛrəlɪˈzeɪʃən ˈdɪstənsɪz əv wɪʧ rɪˈflɛkt ˌdɪstrəˈbjuʃənz əv ˈæbsəˌlut ˈmægnəˌtudz əv ˌɑbzərˈveɪʃənz) wɪl bi ˌənɪnˈhæbətəbəl fər ə ˈfaɪˌnaɪt taɪm ˈpɪriəd ˈæftər ə ˌstɛrəlɪˈzeɪʃən ɪˈvɛnt əˈkərz, ənd ðə ˈplænət kən rɪˈkəvər frəm ðə ɪˈvɛnt. əˈkər θruaʊt ðə ˈmɪlki weɪ, ənd ðɛr ɪz ˈivɪn ˈɛvədəns əv ðɛm əˈkərɪŋ ɪn ˈrisənt ˌʤiəˈlɑʤɪkəl ˈhɪstəri. ɛt æl. 2002 səˈʤɛstɪd ðət əˈgoʊ ə kɔzd sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt ˈdæmɪʤ tɪ ərθs ˈoʊˌzoʊn leɪər, wɪʧ hæd ən ˈifɛkt ɔn ðə ɪkˈstɪŋʃən əv ˈoʊʃən laɪf æt ðə ˈbaʊndəri. ˈfərðərˌmɔr, ˈbɪʃəp ənd ˈɛgli 2011 səˈʤɛstɪd ðət əˈgoʊ ərθ wɑz ˈnɪrˈbaɪ ə, ɛz ˈɛvɪdənst baɪ ɪn krəst. ɪn laɪn wɪθ ɛt æl. 2011 wi ˈfoʊkɪs ɔn, wɪʧ wi əˈsum tɪ bi ðə ˈdɑmənənt ˈdeɪnʤər tɪ. ɛt æl. 2011 faʊnd ðət ðə haɪəst ˈdɛnsɪti əv ˈhæbətəbəl ˈplænəts əˈkərz ɪn ðə ˈriʤənz wɪθ ðə haɪəst ˈstɛlər ˈdɛnsətiz ənd ˈkɑnsəkˌwɛntli haɪəst ˈfrikwənsi əv ɪˈvɛnts. ɛz wɪθ ˈəðər ˈpriviəs wərks ɔn ðə əv ˈgæləksiz (ˈlaɪnˌwivər ɛt æl., 2004, 2008 ɛt æl., 2013 ðeɪ dɪd nɑt əˈkaʊnt fər ˈstɛlər səʧ ɛz ˈreɪdiəl ˈmɪksɪŋ, ər ˌɑsəˈleɪʃənz əˈbəv ənd bɪˈloʊ ðə ðət meɪ lɛd tɪ ˈvɛriɪŋ ˈlɛvəlz əv ɪkˈspoʊʒər tɪ ˈkɑzmɪk reɪz (ˈmɛdvəˌdɛv ənd, 2007 ɔn ðə ˈbeɪsɪs ðət səʧ ˈmoʊʃənz wər ɪkˈspɛktɪd tɪ hæv ən ˌɪnsɪgnˈjɪfɪkənt ˈoʊvərˌɔl ˈnɛgətɪv ˌɪmˈpækt ɔn ðə ˈfrækʃən əv ˈhæbətəbəl ˈplænəts. ɛt æl. 2011 dɪd nɑt faɪnd ə ˈriʤən ɪn ðə ˈmɪlki weɪ ðət wɑz kənˈtɪnjuəsli ˈstɛrəˌlaɪzd ər ˈstɛrəˌlaɪzd æt ə səˈfɪʃəntli haɪ ˈfrikwənsi ðət ˈplænəˌtɛri ˈsɪstəmz ˈtrævəlɪŋ θru səʧ ə ˈriʤən wʊd hæv ə haɪ ˌprɑbəˈbɪləˌti əv bɪˈkəmɪŋ ˈstɛrəˌlaɪzd. ʃʊd səʧ ə ˈriʤən hæv ɪgˈzɪstəd, ðɛn ˌɪnˈkɔrpərˌeɪtɪŋ ˈstɛlər ˈmoʊʃənz əˈbəv ənd bɪˈloʊ ðə wʊd hæv ə ˈgreɪtər ˌɪmˈpækt ɔn ðə rɪˈzəlts. noʊt ðət ə stɑr əˈbəv ər bɪˈloʊ ðə ðət ˈpæsɪz θru ɪt wʊd bi ˈɛnərɪŋ ə ˈriʤən wɛr ðɛr ɪz ə haɪər ˈdɛnsɪti əv ˈhæbətəbəl ˈplænəts (ənd hɛns ˈkænɑt bi sɪgˈnɪfɪkəntli mɔr ˈhæzərdəs tɪ). ˈðɛrˌfɔr, ˌɑsəˈleɪʃənz əˈbəv ənd bɪˈloʊ ðə ər ənˈlaɪkli tɪ sɪgˈnɪfɪkəntli ˈdiˌkris, əˈspɛʃəli sɪns ˌɑsəˈleɪʃənz əv ðɪs taɪp rɪˈzəlt ɪn ðoʊz stɑrz stɪl ˈspɛndɪŋ ðə məˈʤɔrəti əv ðɛr taɪm əˈbəv ər bɪˈloʊ ðə. ɪf səʧ ˈvərtɪkəl ˈstɛlər ˌɑsəˈleɪʃənz hæd bɪn kənˈsɪdərd ɪn ɛt æl. 2011 ðə ˈmɪksɪŋ wʊd hæv prəˈdust ə dɪˈgri əv ˈævrɪʤɪŋ ɪn ðə rɪˈzəlts fər əˈbəv ənd bɪˈloʊ ðə, sˈlaɪtli ˈwikənɪŋ ðə əbˈzərvd trɛnz. ɛt æl. 2011 ˈpɑpjəˌleɪtəd ðə stɑrz ɪn ðɛr ˈmɑdəl baɪ əˈsaɪnɪŋ iʧ wən ə bərθ deɪt, meɪn ˈsikwəns ˈlaɪfˌtaɪm, ənd frəm ðə gəˈlæktɪk ˈkɛmɪkəl ˌɛvəˈluʃən ˈmɑdəl ənd stɑr fɔrˈmeɪʃən ˈhɪstəri, wɪʧ əˈsumz ən fɔrˈmeɪʃən ˈhɪstəri əv ðə ˈmɪlki weɪ. ðə ˌkɔrəˈleɪʃən əv ˈfɪʃər ənd vɑˈlɛnˌti 2005 wɑz juzd, ɪn ˌkɑmbəˈneɪʃən wɪθ ðə ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃən ˈsɪnθəsəs ˈmɑdəlz əv ˈaɪdə ənd lɪn 2005 tɪ əˈsaɪn ˈhæbətəbəl ˈplænəts tɪ hoʊst stɑrz ɪn ðə ˈmɑdəl. ðə ɪn ərθs ˈhɪstəri wər əˈdɑptəd tɪ ˈkælkjəˌleɪt ˈwɛðər ə ˈplænət ɪz ˈhæbətəbəl. ðɪs ɪz ˈɑrgjuəbli ðə moʊst ˈspɛkjələtɪv əˈsəmpʃən ɪn ðə ˈmɑdəl, ɛz ðɛr ɪz ˈoʊnli ərθs ˈpæθˌweɪ tɪ ˈkɑmplɛks (ənd ˌɪnˈtɛləʤənt) laɪf tɪ səˈʤɛst səʧ kənˈdɪʃənz ɔn ˈəðər ˈplænəts. ɪn laɪt əv ˈfoʊkɪsɪŋ ɔn ˈdeɪnʤərz kɔzd baɪ ɪˈvɛnts tɪ ˈplænəˌtɛri ˈbaɪoʊsˌfɪrz ənd, ɪn ˌpɑˈtɪkjələr, ˌætməsˈfɛrɪk ˈoʊˌzoʊn dɪˈpliʃən, ðə ˈfoʊkɪs ɪz ɔn ðə fər ðə ˈbɪlˌdəp əv ˈoʊˌzoʊn ɔn ərθ. ðə ˈnoʊʃən əv ˈplænəˌtɛri taɪm ɪz əˈdɑptəd frəm ðə wərk əv ɛt æl. 2005 wɪʧ prəˈpoʊzɪz ðət, ɔn ərθ, ə kənˈtɪnjuəs ˈdʊˈreɪʃən əv ɪz rikˈwaɪərd fər ðə ˈimərʤəns əv ˈkɑmplɛks laɪf. ɛt æl. 2011 əˈsumd ðət 1 ˈɛni ˌstɛrəlɪˈzeɪʃənz ðət əˈkər ɔn ðə ˈplænəts ˈpɑpjəˌleɪtəd ɪn ðə ˈmɑdəl ˌbiˈfɔr ðə ˈoʊˌzoʊn leɪər fɔrmz (ðɪs wɑz əˈprɑksəmətli ʤaɪr əˈgoʊ ɔn ərθ) hæv noʊ ˈifɛkt ɔn (sɪns ˈɛni laɪf æt ðɪs steɪʤ ɪz əˈsumd nɑt tɪ bi surface-dwelling*) ənd 2 ðə ˈimərʤəns əv ˈkɑmplɛks laɪf rikˈwaɪərz ə səˈfɪʃənt taɪm ˈpɪriəd ˈaɪsəˌleɪtɪd frəm ˌstɛrəlɪˈzeɪʃən ɪˈvɛnts tɪ əˈlaʊ fər səˈfɪʃənt fər ðə ˈimərʤəns əv ˈkɑmplɛks laɪf. ˈðɛrˌfɔr, ɪf ə əˈkərz wɪˈθɪn ə θˈrɛˌʃoʊld ˈdɪstəns əv di ˈpiˈsi bɪtˈwin ðə taɪm ˈpɪriəd ðət ðə ˈoʊˌzoʊn fɔrmd ənd ðə ˈpɪriəd ˈæftərwərd ðət ɪz rikˈwaɪərd fər ðə ˈimərʤəns əv ˈkɑmplɛks laɪf, ðɛn ðɪs həz ə ˈifɛkt, ənd ðə ˈplænət məst rɪˈmeɪn fər ə taɪm ˈpɪriəd ˌbiˈfɔr ɪt ɪz kənˈsɪdərd ˈhæbətəbəl. ɛt æl. 2011 juzd ðə wərk əv ɛt æl. 2003 hu faʊnd ðət ə wɪl dɪˈplit ðə ˈoʊˌzoʊn leɪər ənd hæv ə ˈstɛrəˌlaɪzɪŋ ˈifɛkt ɔn ˈplænəts æt ə ˈdɪstəns əv 8 ˈpiˈsi. ðə 8 ˈpiˈsi ˈdɪstəns wɑz əˈsumd tɪ bi ʤɪst səˈfɪʃənt tɪ ˈstɛrəˌlaɪz ə ˈplænət. baɪ ˈjuzɪŋ ðə ˈæbsəˌlut ˈmægnəˌtudz əv ənd sˈniə ɪˈvɛnts, ə ˌdɪstrəˈbjuʃən əv ˌstɛrəlɪˈzeɪʃən ˈdɪstənsɪz wɑz dɪˈvɛləpt tɪ rɪˈflɛkt ðə ˈnoʊʃən ðət ˈdɪfərənt ˈmægnəˌtud ɪˈvɛnts kən əˈkər ənd lɛd tɪ ˈvɛriɪŋ ˌstɛrəlɪˈzeɪʃən ˈdɪstənsɪz. fər, di wɑz səˈlɛktɪd frəm ə ˌprɑbəˈbɪləˌti ˌdɪstrəˈbjuʃən wɪˈθɪn ðə reɪnʤ əv ˈpiˈsi, ənd wɪˈθɪn ðə reɪnʤ əv ˈpiˈsi fər sˈniə. ˈfɪgjər 1 ʃoʊz ən ˌɪləˈstreɪʃən əv ðə ðət ˈdɛmənˌstreɪt ðə ˈɪntərriˈleɪʃənʃɪp bɪtˈwin ˌstɛrəlɪˈzeɪʃənz ənd ðə ˈmeɪʤər ɪˈvɛnts ɪn ərθs ˈhɪstəri juzd tɪ ˈkælkjəˌleɪt ðə əv ə ˈplænət ɪn ðə ˈmɑdəl əv ɛt æl. 2011 noʊt ðət ˈriʤən si ɪn fɪg. taɪm ˈæftər ə ˈplænət bɪˈkəmz ðə ˈfoʊkɪs əv ðə ˈprɛzənt wərk ɪn ɪkˈstɛndɪŋ ðə ˈmɑdəlɪŋ tɪ ˌɪnˈklud ðə ˌɛvəˈluʃən frəm ˈkɑmplɛks tɪ ˌɪnˈtɛləʤənt laɪf. fɪg. 1 lɛft: ˌɪləˈstreɪʃən əv ðə ˈmeɪʤər ɔn ərθ juzd ɛz kraɪˈtɪriə tɪ ˈkælkjəˌleɪt ðə əv ə ˈplænət. fər ə ˈgɪvɪn ˈplænət ɪn ɑr ˈmɑdəl, wi əˈsum ðət ə ˌstɛrəlɪˈzeɪʃən əˈkərɪŋ ˌbiˈfɔr ðə fɔrˈmeɪʃən əv ðə ˈoʊˌzoʊn leɪər həz noʊ ˈifɛkt (ə), wɛˈræz ə ˌstɛrəlɪˈzeɪʃən əˈkərɪŋ ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə ˈpɪriəd əv kənˈtɪnjuəs dɪz hæv ən ˈifɛkt (bi), ənd si ʃoʊz ðə taɪm sɪns ðə raɪz əv ˈkɑmplɛks laɪf tɪ ðə ˈprɛzənt deɪ. raɪt: ɪmˈplɔɪɪŋ ðə frəm ərθ (ɔn ðə lɛft), wi ˈɪləˌstreɪt ðə ˈifɛkt ə ˌstɛrəlɪˈzeɪʃən həz ɔn ə ˈplænət ˈpɑpjəˌleɪtəd ɪn ɑr ˈmɑdəl. ə ˌstɛrəlɪˈzeɪʃən ɪn ə həz noʊ ˈifɛkt, sɪns ðə ˈoʊˌzoʊn leɪər həz nɑt jɛt fɔrmd. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ðə ˌstɛrəlɪˈzeɪʃən ɪn bi, ʃoʊn æt ʤaɪr, dɪˈleɪz ðə ˌpɑsəˈbɪləˌti əv ˈkɑmplɛks laɪf ənˈtɪl ʤaɪr, ɛz ɪt dɪsˈrəpts ðə rɪkˈwaɪrmənt əv kənˈtɪnjuəs taɪm. ðə taɪm ˈpɪriəd si ʃoʊz ə ˌhaɪpəˈθɛtɪkəl ˈdʊˈreɪʃən ɪn wɪʧ ˈkɑmplɛks laɪf həz nɑt bɪn əˈfɛktɪd baɪ ˈɛni ˌstɛrəlɪˈzeɪʃən ɪˈvɛnts ˈæftər ðə ˈplænət ɪz kənˈsɪdərd ˈhæbətəbəl æt ʤaɪr. gæp taɪm æˈnælɪsɪs ðə ˌmɛθəˈdɑləʤi dɪˈskraɪbd əˈbəv fər əˈsɛsɪŋ ɪz beɪst ɔn aɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪɪŋ ˈplænəts ðət prəˈvaɪd kənˈdɪʃənz kənˈdusɪv tɪ ðə ˌɛvəˈluʃən əv ˈkɑmplɛks ˈænəməl laɪf. wi əˈsum ðət ðɪs ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnts ðə ˈstɑrtɪŋ pɔɪnt fər ˈfərðər ˈsteɪʤɪz əv ˌɛvəˈluʃən ðət kʊd lɛd tɪ ðə ˈimərʤəns əv ˌɪnˈtɛləʤənt laɪf ənd, bɪɔnd ðət, tɪ ˌtɛknəˈlɑʤɪkəl ˌsɪvəlɪˈzeɪʃənz. ɪn əˈsɛsɪŋ ðə prəˈpɛnsɪti fər ˈkɑmplɛks laɪf tɪ ˈfərðər ɪˈvɑlv tɪ ˌɪnˈtɛləʤənt laɪf, aɪ ɑr ˌfəndəˈmɛnəl əˈsəmpʃən ɪz ðət taɪm ɪz ðə ˈpraɪˌmɛri ˈbɛriər tɪ ðɪs ˈprɔˌsɛs. wi ˈrizən ðət ɪnˌvaɪrənˈmɛnəl kənˈdɪʃənz, æt list æt ðə bɪˈgɪnɪŋ əv ðə ˈprɔˌsɛs, ər ˈfeɪvərəbəl, ˈgɪvɪn ðət ðeɪ wər dimd ˈsutəbəl fər ˈkɑmplɛks laɪf tɪ dɪˈvɛləp. wi ðɛn kənˈsɪdər ðə taɪm ˈpɪriəd bɪɔnd ðət ˈnidɪd fər ðə əˈpɪrəns əv ˈkɑmplɛks laɪf tɪ si ˈwɛðər səˈfɪʃənt taɪm ɪz əˈveɪləbəl fər ˈfərðər ˌɛvəˈluʃən tɪ ˌɪnˈtɛləʤəns. wi əˈsum ðət ðɪs ˈprɔˌsɛs wʊd bi dɪsˈrəptɪd baɪ ˈɛni ˈnɪrˈbaɪ; ðət ɪz, ɪf ə əˈkərz ˌbiˈfɔr ˌɪnˈtɛləʤəns ɪz riʧt, ðə ˈprɔˌsɛs ɪz ˈrisɛt. ðə taɪm ˈdʊˈreɪʃənz bɪtˈwin səʧ ər rɪˈfərd tɪ ɛz gæp taɪmz, ənd wi əˈsum aɪ ɪz ˈstrɔŋli dɪˈpɛndənt ɔn ðə ˈnəmbər ənd lɛŋθ əv ðiz gæp taɪmz. wɪˈθaʊt prəˈpoʊzɪŋ ə spɪˈsɪfɪk riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪp bɪtˈwin gæp taɪm lɛŋθ ənd ɪts ˈifɛkt ɔn aɪ wi səˈʤɛst ɪt ɪz ə ˈrizənəbəl əˈsəmpʃən ðət ˈlɔŋgər gæp taɪmz wɪl prəˈvaɪd ˈgreɪtər ˌɑpərˈtunəti fər ðə ˈimərʤəns əv ˌɪnˈtɛləʤəns. ɑr æˈnælɪsɪs əv gæp taɪmz ˈfɑloʊz ɛˈsɛnʃəli ðə seɪm ˌmɛθəˈdɑləʤi ɛz ɪmˈplɔɪd baɪ ɛt æl. 2011 bət wɪθ ən ɪkˈstɛndɪd pərˈæmətər reɪnʤ fər ðə taɪm ˈdʊˈreɪʃən bɪtˈwin. ðə goʊl wɑz tɪ əˈsɛs ˈwɛðər ðiz əˈdɪʃənəl taɪm rɪkˈwaɪrmənts fər ðə ˌɛvəˈluʃən əv ˌɪnˈtɛləʤəns wʊd ˈɔltər ðə ˈbeɪsɪk ˈfaɪndɪŋz əv ɛt æl. 2011 ðət ɪz, tɪ ˌɪnˈvɛstəˌgeɪt ðə ɪkˈstɛnt tɪ wɪʧ ðə ˈriʤənz əv ˈgreɪtəst prəˈpɛnsɪti fər ˌɪnˈtɛləʤəns ˌkɔrəˈspɑndɪd tɪ ˈriʤənz əv ˈgreɪtəst (ɛz dɪˈfaɪnd fər ˈkɑmplɛks laɪf). ɔn ərθ, ðə ˌɛvəˈluʃən frəm ˈkɑmplɛks laɪf tɪ ˌɪnˈtɛləʤəns tʊk ʤɪst ˈəndər ʤaɪr. ˈrəðər ðən əˈplaɪ ðɪs ˈsɪŋgəl ˈfɪgjər, wi ækˈnɑlɪʤ ðə læk əv ˌəndərˈstændɪŋ əv haʊ ðə ˈprɔˌsɛs wərks (ənd hɛns haʊ lɔŋ ɪt ˈtɪpɪkəli teɪks) baɪ kənˈsɪdərɪŋ ə reɪnʤ əv ˈdʊˈreɪʃənz. ɛz wɪl bi ɪkˈspleɪnd ɪn ˈsɛkʃən ɑr ˈmɛtrɪks ər beɪst ɔn ˈkjumjələtɪv gæp taɪmz kənˈdɪʃənd ɔn ə ˈvɛriəbəl θˈrɛˌʃoʊld ˈvælju ˈreɪnʤɪŋ frəm 0 tɪ 2 ʤaɪr. wi prɪˈfər ðɪs əˈproʊʧ ˈoʊvər əˈsaɪnɪŋ ə spɪˈsɪfɪk ˌprɑbəˈbɪləˌti ˌdɪstrəˈbjuʃən tɪ ðə taɪm rikˈwaɪərd fər ˌɪnˈtɛləʤəns tɪ ˈimərʤ fər tu ˈrizənz: 1 wi hæv ˌɪnsəˈfɪʃənt ˈdætə tɪ ˈminɪŋfəli əˈskraɪb ə ʃeɪp ər min ˈvælju tɪ ðɪs ˌdɪstrəˈbjuʃən, ənd 2 ðɛr ər pəˈtɛnʃəl ˌsɛnsɪˈtɪvɪtiz ðət meɪ bi rɪˈvild baɪ ɑr ˈmɑdəl ðət kʊd bi mæskt baɪ ðə ˈævrɪʤɪŋ ˈifɛkt əv əˈplaɪɪŋ ə ˌdɪstrəˈbjuʃən. æt ðɪs pɔɪnt, ɪt ɪz ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt tɪ noʊt ðət, ɪf ə ˈplænət ɪz əˈsɛst ɛz ““habitable,”*,” ɪt dɪz nɑt min ðət ɪt wɪl ˈdɛfənətli bɪˈkəm ˌɪnˈhæbətəd baɪ ˈkɑmplɛks ðət kənˈdɪʃənz ər ˈfeɪvərəbəl fər ðɪs tɪ ˈhæpən. ˈlaɪkˌwaɪz, ɪf ðɛr ɪz ə lɔŋ gæp taɪm bɪtˈwin ɔn ə ˈhæbətəbəl ˈplænət, ɪt ɪz nɑt əˈʃʊrd ðət ˌɪnˈtɛləʤənt laɪf wɪl ðət ðɪs bɪˈkəmz ə ˌpɑsəˈbɪləˌti. ɪn ðɪs wərk, wi du nɑt əˈtɛmpt tɪ kˈwɑntɪˌfaɪ ðə pərˈsɛnɪʤ əv ˈplænəts ðət gɪv raɪz tɪ ˌɪnˈtɛləʤəns. wi sik tɪ ˈproʊdus ə ˈmɛtrɪk fər aɪ ðət əˈlaʊz æˈnælɪsɪs əv ðə ˈrɛlətɪv ˈlaɪkliˌhʊd əv ˌɪnˈtɛləʤəns ˈimərʤɪŋ ɪn ˈdɪfərənt ˈriʤənz ənd ˈɛpəks əv ðə ˈgæləksi. ə kənˈsərvətɪv pəˈzɪʃən wʊd bi tɪ əˈsum ðət ˈkɑmplɛks ər ˌɪnˈtɛləʤənt laɪf meɪ ˈoʊnli bi ˈeɪbəl tɪ əraɪz ɔn ə smɔl ˈfrækʃən əv ˈhæbətəbəl ˈplænəts. ðə ˈɑpəzɪt pəˈzɪʃən wʊd bi ðət ɪt ɪz ˈlaɪkli tɪ əraɪz ɔn ðə məˈʤɔrəti əv ˈhæbətəbəl ˈplænəts. ˈiðər əˈsəmpʃən, ər ˈɛni ɪn bɪtˈwin, kən bi meɪd wɪˈθaʊt əˈfɛktɪŋ ðə vərˈæsɪti əv ˈɛni kənˈkluʒənz drɔn frəm ˈænəˌlaɪzɪŋ ˈrɛlətɪv prəˈpɛnsətiz. ˈfɪgjər 2 ˈɪləˌstreɪts haʊ gæp taɪmz ər rɪˈleɪtɪd tɪ ðə ˈmeɪʤər ɪˈvɛnts ɪn ə ˈplænəts ˈtaɪmlaɪn. fər ðə ˌɪˈləstrətɪv ɪgˈzæmpəl ˈgɪvɪn, ðɛr ər θri gæp taɪmz, ˈleɪbəld gæp 1 gæp 2 ənd gæp 3 gæp 1 ɪz ðə taɪm frəm ðə fɔrˈmeɪʃən əv ə kəmˈplit ˈoʊˌzoʊn leɪər tɪ ðə fərst əv tu, 1 gæp 2 ɪz ðə taɪm bɪtˈwin 1 ənd 2 gæp 3 ɪz ðə taɪm frəm 2 tɪ ðə ˈprɛzənt (ər ˈikwəli, dɛθ) taɪm əv ðə ɪgˈzæmpəl ˈplænət. fər ðə ˈimərʤəns əv ˈkɑmplɛks ˈænəməl laɪf, wi əˈsum ðə seɪm ˈtaɪmˌfreɪm ɛz əbˈzərvd ɔn ərθ, ðət ɪz, ʤaɪr. wɛr ə gæp taɪm ɪkˈsidz ʤaɪr, ðɪs prəˈvaɪdz ən ˌɑpərˈtunəti fər ˈfərðər ˌɛvəˈluʃən tɪ ˌɪnˈtɛləʤənt laɪf. ɪn ðə ɪgˈzæmpəl əv fɪg. 2 ðɛr ər tu səʧ ˌɑpərˈtunəti taɪmz, ti oʊ wɪʧ wi meɪ ˈkælkjəˌleɪt ɛz ti ɔn =(gæp ɛn wɪn gæp ɛn ənd ˈziroʊ ˈəðərˌwaɪz. sɪns gæp 2 ɪz lɛs ðən ʤaɪr, ðɛr ɪz əˈsumd tɪ bi noʊ ˌɑpərˈtunəti fər ðə ˈimərʤəns əv ˈkɑmplɛks ər ˌɪnˈtɛləʤənt laɪf ˈdʊrɪŋ ðət ˈɪntərvəl, hɛns ti 0 fɪg. 2 ˌɪˈləstrətɪv ˈplænət ˈtaɪmlaɪn ʃoʊɪŋ ðə ˈmeɪʤər ɪˈvɛnts frəm ðə bərθ (æt lɛft) tɪ ðə ˈprɛzənt (ər dɛθ) taɪm (æt raɪt) ənd ʃoʊɪŋ haʊ times”*” ər ˈkælkjəˌleɪtɪd. ɪn ðɪs ɪgˈzæmpəl, ðɛr ər tu, ˈleɪbəld 1 ənd 2 ə gæp taɪm bɪˈgɪnz ˈæftər ðə fərst fɔrˈmeɪʃən əv ðə ˈoʊˌzoʊn leɪər ər ˈæftər ə ɪˈvɛnt. ə gæp taɪm ɪz ˈɛndɪd baɪ ə, ðə dɛθ əv ðə ˈplænət, ər ðə ˈprɛzənt deɪ, ɛz wi du nɑt ɛkˈstræpəˌleɪt bɪɔnd ðə eɪʤ əv ðə ˈjunəˌvərs. ˈɛni gæp taɪmz ɪkˈsidɪŋ ʤaɪr (ðə taɪm əˈsumd tɪ bi ˈnidɪd fər ðə ˈimərʤəns əv ˈænəməl laɪf) gɪv raɪz tɪ ən ˌɑpərˈtunəti fər ˌɪnˈtɛləʤənt laɪf tɪ ˈimərʤ. ðə ˈʃeɪdɪd ˈriʤənz ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnt ðiz times,”*,” ti oʊ wɪʧ ər ˈikwəl tɪ ðə gæp taɪm lɛs ʤaɪr. ðə ˈmɑnti ˈkɑrloʊ ˌsɪmjəˈleɪʃən dɪˈskraɪbd ɪn ˈsɛkʃən prəˈvaɪdz ə ˌhaɪpəˈθɛtɪkəl ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃən əv ˈplænəts, əˈlɔŋ wɪθ ˈpərtɪnɪnt ˈdætə fər iʧ ˈplænət, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ɪts loʊˈkeɪʃən koʊˈɔrdəˌneɪts, deɪts, ənd ə lɪst əv deɪts ðə ˈplænət wɑz ˈstɛrəˌlaɪzd baɪ. loʊˈkeɪʃənz ər ˈspɛsəˌfaɪd baɪ ɛks, waɪ, ənd zi koʊˈɔrdəˌneɪts ˈrɛlətɪv tɪ ðə gəˈlæktɪk ˈsɛnər, ɛz ʃoʊn ɪn fɪg. 3 ðə ɛks ənd waɪ koʊˈɔrdəˌneɪts dɪˈfaɪn ðə pəˈzɪʃən prɑˈʤɛktəd ˈɔntu ðə gəˈlæktɪk, ənd zi ɪz ðə haɪt əˈbəv (wɪn ˈpɑzətɪv) ər bɪˈloʊ (wɪn ˈnɛgətɪv) ðə. ðə ˈreɪdiəs, ɑr, ɪz ˈgɪvɪn baɪ wi ɪˈlɛktɪd tɪ wərk wɪθ ə ˈsəbˌsɛt əv ðə ɪnˈtaɪər gəˈlæktɪk ˈdætə sɛt tɪ teɪk ædˈvæntɪʤ əv ˈsɪmətri, spəˈsɪfɪkli ə ˈsɛktər əv ðə fʊl ˈdætə sɛt, ɛz ˈɪləˌstreɪtɪd ɪn fɪg. 3 ˈivɪn wɪθ ðɪs ˈfrækʃən, ɑr ˈmɑdəl ˌɪnˈkludɪd ɪn ˈɛkˌsɛs əv 70 ˈmɪljən ˈplænəts, wɪʧ ɪz səˈfɪʃənt tɪ əˈlaʊ stəˈtɪstɪkəl ˈsæmplɪŋ ˈɛrərz tɪ bi ˌɪgˈnɔrd ənd tɪ ˈseɪfli əˈsum ðət ðə ˈʧoʊzən ˈsɛktər wʊd ˈproʊdus ðə seɪm rɪˈzəlts ɛz ˈɛni ˈəðər ˈsɛktər. ðə ˈmɛtrɪks ˈʤɛnərˌeɪtɪd frəm ðɪs ˈdætə sɛt (ɛz dɪˈskraɪbd ɪn ˈsɛkʃən wər skeɪld baɪ ə ˈfæktər əv tɪ əbˈteɪn rɪˈzəlts ðət ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnt ðə ɪnˈtaɪər ˈgæləksi. fɪg. 3 ðə koʊˈɔrdəˌneɪt ˈsɪstəm ɪmˈplɔɪd ɪn ðə ˌsɪmjəˈleɪʃən ˈmɑdəl əv ɛt æl. 2011 fər dɪˈfaɪnɪŋ ˈplænət loʊˈkeɪʃənz ˈrɛlətɪv tɪ ðə gəˈlæktɪk ˈsɛnər æt (ɛks, waɪ, 0 0 ðə ˈmɑdəl ˈʤɛnərˌeɪts ˈdætə fər ðə ɪnˈtaɪər əv ““azimuth”*” ɪn ðə (ɛks, waɪ) pleɪn. tɪ ˈsɪmpləˌfaɪ ˈprɑsɛsɪŋ fər ðə ˈprɛzənt ˈstədi, ˈoʊnli ə ˈsəbˌsɛt wɑz ˈænəˌlaɪzd, ˈɛkˌsplɔɪtɪŋ ðə ˈmɑdəlz ˈsɪmətri. frəm ðə ˈplænət ˈdætə sɛt, wən kən əˈsɛs wɪʧ ˈplænəts ər ˈhæbətəbəl [əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ðə kraɪˈtɪriə sɛt baɪ ɛt æl. 2011 ənd əˈdɪʃəˌnəli ˈkælkjəˌleɪt ðə gæp taɪmz ɪkˈspɪriənst ɔn iʧ ˈhæbətəbəl ˈplænət. fər səm ˈplænəts, noʊ gæps ɪkˈsidɪŋ ʤaɪr əˈkər; fər ˈəðərz, wən ər mɔr səʧ gæps əˈkər. wi trit ˈməltəpəl gæps ɔn ə ˈsɪŋgəl ˈplænət ɪn ən ɪkˈwɪvələnt weɪ tɪ ˈsɪŋgəl gæps ɔn ˈməltəpəl ˈplænəts, ðət ɪz, ɛz ˌɪndɪˈpɛndənt ˌɑpərˈtunətiz fər laɪf tɪ ɪˈvɑlv. ðə ˈtoʊtəl ˈnəmbər ənd lɛŋθ əv ɔl gæp taɪmz fər ɔl ˈhæbətəbəl ˈplænəts prəˈdust baɪ ðə ˌsɪmjəˈleɪʃən ər əˈkjumjəˌleɪtɪd, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ˈspeɪʃəl loʊˈkeɪʃən ənd ˈtɛmpərəl ˈɛpək, frəm wɪʧ ˈfərðər æˈnælɪsɪs kən bi kənˈdəktəd. prəˈpɛnsɪti ˈmɛtrɪk wi ər praɪˈmɛrəli ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪd ɪn ɪgˈzæmɪnɪŋ haʊ ðə prəˈpɛnsɪti fər ðə ˈimərʤəns əv ˌɪnˈtɛləʤənt laɪf, aɪ ˈvɛriz ɛz ə ˈfəŋkʃən əv ˈspeɪʃəl loʊˈkeɪʃən ənd ˈɛpək wɪˈθɪn ðə ˈgæləksi. tɪ ˌɪnˈvɛstəˌgeɪt ðɪs, wi kriˈeɪt ə ˈmɛtrɪk fər aɪ ənd əbˈzərv, fər ɑr ˈsɪmjəˌleɪtɪd ˈplænət ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃən, ðə vɛriəˈbɪlɪti əv ðɪs ˈmɛtrɪk ˈoʊvər taɪm ənd ɛz ə ˈfəŋkʃən əv ɑr ənd zi. ə ˈstreɪtˈfɔrwərd ˈmɛtrɪk, wɪʧ wi tərm ɪz ðə əˈkjumjəˌleɪtɪd səm əv ɔl ˌɑpərˈtunəti taɪmz, ti ɔn fər ðə ˈplænəts ɪgˈzɪstɪŋ wɪˈθɪn ə ˈspɛsəˌfaɪd ˈspeɪʃəl bɪn. (fər ə ˈsɪŋgəl ˈplænət, ðɪs wʊd ˌkɔrəˈspɑnd tɪ ˈsəmɪŋ ðə lɛŋθs əv taɪm ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnɪd baɪ ðə greɪ ˈʃeɪdɪd ˈriʤənz ɪn fɪg. 2 ðət ɪz, wɛr ɑr ʤeɪ ɪz ðə ˈsɛnər ˈvælju əv ðə ˈspeɪʃəl bɪn. fər ɪgˈzæmpəl, ɪf ðə ˈdætə ər əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ˈreɪdiəs ˈjuzɪŋ bɪnz əv wɪdθ ˈdəbəlju, ðɛn ðə ˈreɪdiəs reɪnʤ ˌkɔrəˈspɑndɪŋ tɪ ɑr ʤeɪ ɪz [(ɑr ʤeɪ ʤeɪ ðɪs ˈmɛθəd əv kəmˈpjutɪŋ ɪz ɪkˈwɪvələnt tɪ əˈsumɪŋ ə ˈjunəˌfɔrm ˌprɑbəˈbɪləˌti ˌdɪstrəˈbjuʃən fər ðə rikˈwaɪərd taɪm fər ˌɪnˈtɛləʤənt laɪf tɪ ˈimərʤ. ðət ɪz, ðə rikˈwaɪərd taɪm ɪz əˈsumd tɪ bi ə ˈjunəˌfɔrmli dɪˈstrɪbjətəd ˈrændəm ˈvɛriəbəl; hɛns ðə ˈtoʊtəl ˌprɑbəˈbɪləˌti wɪl bi prəˈpɔrʃənəl tɪ ðə ˈtoʊtəl ˈkjumjələtɪv taɪm. ə ˌvɛriˈeɪʃən fər kəmˈpjutɪŋ ˌɪnˈvɑlvz ˈsɛtɪŋ ə θˈrɛˌʃoʊld taɪm, ti θrɛʃ fər ðə ti oʊ ˈvæljuz, ənd ˈoʊnli ðoʊz ti oʊ θrɛʃ ər ˌɪnˈkludɪd ɪn ðə səˈmeɪʃən. fər ɪgˈzæmpəl, ðə raɪz əv ˈænəməl laɪf ɔn ərθ əˈkərd wɪn ðə ˈplænət wɑz ʤaɪr oʊld, ənd ɪt wɑz ə ˈfərðər ʤaɪr fər ðə raɪz əv ˌɪnˈtɛləʤənt laɪf. ɪf wi əˈsum ðiz, ðət ɪz, ðət ʤaɪr ɪz ðə ˈmɪnəməm taɪm fər ˌɪnˈtɛləʤəns tɪ ˈimərʤ ˈæftər ə ˈplænət kən səˈpɔrt ˈkɑmplɛks laɪf, ðɛn ˈoʊnli ðoʊz ti oʊ ʤaɪr ər ˌɪnˈkludɪd ɪn ðə səˈmeɪʃən. wi du nɑt noʊ ðə prɪˈsaɪs riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪp bɪtˈwin ðə ˈvælju əv ti oʊ ənd ðə ˌprɑbəˈbɪləˌti ðət ˌɪnˈtɛləʤəns wɪl ˈimərʤ ˈdʊrɪŋ ə taɪm ˈwɪndoʊ əv ðət lɛŋθ. ɪt simz ˈlaɪkli ðət ðə ˈprɔˌsɛs əv ɪˈvɑlvɪŋ ˌɪnˈtɛləʤəns rikˈwaɪərz ə ˈnəmbər əv ɛˈsɛnʃəl subprocesses*, iʧ əˈkərɪŋ ɪn ˈsikwəns ənd iʧ ˈhævɪŋ ɪts oʊn spɪˈsɪfɪk time-distribution*. ðɪs əˈsəmpʃən wɑz meɪd baɪ ˈkɑrtər 2008 ənd 2009 ɪf ðɪs wər ðə keɪs, ðə ˈoʊvərˌɔl taɪm tɪ əˈʧiv ˌɪnˈtɛləʤəns wʊd bi ə ˈrændəm ˈvɛriəbəl wɪθ ə ˌdɪstrəˈbjuʃən əˈproʊʧɪŋ ˈgaʊsiən (ˈfɑloʊɪŋ ðə ˈsɛntrəl ˈlɪmət ðə ˈjunəˌfɔrm ənd ˈgaʊsiən ˈmɑdəlz fər ðə ˌprɑbəˈbɪləˌti ˌdɪstrəˈbjuʃən əv ðə taɪm fər ɪˈvɑlvɪŋ ˌɪnˈtɛləʤəns ər ˈɪləˌstreɪtɪd ɪn fɪg. 4 ˌɔlˈðoʊ ðə ˈgaʊsiən ˈmɑdəl meɪ bi mɔr əˈproʊpriˌeɪt ðən ðə ˈjunəˌfɔrm ˈmɑdəl, ɪt həz ðə ˈdɪfɪˌkəlti ðət wi du nɑt noʊ ðə skeɪl ˈfæktər ɔn ðə taɪm ˈæksəs. wi du nɑt noʊ wɛr ðə min əv ðə ˌdɪstrəˈbjuʃən laɪz ˈrɛlətɪv tɪ ðə ʤaɪr ðət wɑz rikˈwaɪərd ɔn ərθ. ðə θri ɪgˈzæmpəl ˈgaʊsiən ˌdɪstrəˈbjuʃənz ɪn fɪg. 4 a,”*,” b,”*,” ənd c”*”) ˈɪləˌstreɪt ɔlˈtərnətɪv. ɪf a”*” wɑz ən ˈækjərət ˌrɛprəzɛnˈteɪʃən, ðɪs wʊd səˈʤɛst ðət ˌɪnˈtɛləʤəns əroʊz leɪt ɔn ərθ. ˈkɑnvərsli, ɪf c”*” wɑz ən ˈækjərət ˌrɛprəzɛnˈteɪʃən, ðɪs wʊd səˈʤɛst ðət ˌɪnˈtɛləʤəns əroʊz ˈərli ɔn ərθ. wɪˈθaʊt ə ˈkæləˌbreɪtəd, wi ˈkænɑt əˈsɛs ðə ˌsɛnsɪˈtɪvɪti əv aɪ tɪ ˈʧeɪnʤɪz ɪn ti oʊ fər ɪgˈzæmpəl, ɪf ˈtɪpɪkəl ti oʊ ˈvæljuz ər tɪ ðə lɛft əv ðə ˈgaʊsiən bell-curve*, ðɛn ə smɔl ˌɪnkrəˈmɛntəl ˌɪnˈkris ɪn ti oʊ wɪl rɪˈzəlt ɪn ə lɑrʤ ˌɪnˈkris ɪn aɪ ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ɪf ðə ti oʊ ˈvæljuz ər tɪ ðə raɪt əv ðə bell-curve*, ðɛn ən ˌɪnkrəˈmɛntəl ˌɪnˈkris ɪn ti oʊ wɪl hæv ˈlɪtəl ˈifɛkt ɔn aɪ bɪˈkəz əv ðiz ənˈsərtəntiz, ðɛr ər ˈdɪfɪˌkəltiz ɪn dɪˈvɛləpɪŋ ə aɪ ˈmɛtrɪk ðət dɪˈraɪvz frəm ə ˈgaʊsiən (ər ˈɛni non-uniform*) ˌdɪstrəˈbjuʃən. ˈfərðərˌmɔr, ɪf wi əkˈsɛpt ðə ˈprɛmɪs ðət taɪm ɪz ðə ˈpraɪˌmɛri dɪˈtərmənənt fər aɪ ðɛn ə aɪ ˈmɛtrɪk beɪst ɔn ðə səˈmeɪʃən əv əˈveɪləbəl taɪm ɪz nɑt ənˈriznəbəl. ˈðɛrˌfɔr, wi ɪˈlɛkt tɪ ɪmˈplɔɪ ðə ˈjunəˌfɔrm prəˈpɛnsɪti ˈmɛtrɪk, wɪn ˈʤɛnərˌeɪtɪŋ ðə rɪˈzəlts ˌriˈpɔrtəd ɪn ˈsɛkʃənz ənd bɪˈloʊ. əˈdɪʃəˌnəli, ɪn ˈsɛkʃən wi prəˈpoʊz ən ɔlˈtərnətɪv ˈmɛθəd əv æˈnælɪsɪs ðət ˈɑbviˌeɪts ðə ˈdɪfɪˌkəltiz əv ˈhævɪŋ tɪ meɪk ˈɛni əˈsəmpʃənz rɪˈgɑrdɪŋ ðə ˌprɑbəˈbɪləˌti ˌdɪstrəˈbjuʃənz fər ðə taɪm rikˈwaɪərd fər ðə ˈimərʤəns əv ˌɪnˈtɛləʤəns. ðət ˌmɛθəˈdɑləʤi ənd ɪts rɪˈzəlts ər dɪˈskraɪbd ɪn ˈsɛkʃən fɪg. 4 ɔlˈtərnətɪv ˈmɑdəlz fər ðə ˌprɑbəˈbɪləˌti ˌdɪstrəˈbjuʃən əv ðə taɪm ˈteɪkən fər ˌɪnˈtɛləʤəns tɪ ɪˈvɑlv frəm ˈænəməl laɪf. ðə riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪp bɪtˈwin ðə prəˈpɛnsɪti fər ðə ˈimərʤəns əv ˌɪnˈtɛləʤənt laɪf, aɪ ənd ˌɑpərˈtunəti taɪm ti oʊ ɪz dɪˈpɛndənt ɔn ðɪs ˌdɪstrəˈbjuʃən. ʃoʊn ər ðə ˈjunəˌfɔrm keɪs ənd θri ˈdɪfərənt ˈgaʊsiən ˈkeɪsɪz əv ˈdɪfərɪŋ minz ˈrɛlətɪv tɪ ʤaɪr (ðə taɪm ɪt tʊk ɔn ərθ fər ˈænəməl laɪf tɪ ɪˈvɑlv ˌɪnˈtɛləʤəns). 3 ˈmɑdəl rɪˈzəlts prəˈpɛnsɪti ˈmɑdəl fər ðə ˈjunəˌfɔrm ˈmɑdəl dɪˈskraɪbd ɪn ˈsɛkʃən ðə prəˈpɛnsɪti fər ˌɪnˈtɛləʤənt laɪf ɪz ˈmɑdəld ɛz biɪŋ prəˈpɔrʃənəl tɪ ˈtoʊtəl ˌɑpərˈtunəti taɪm, ðət ɪz, ðə səm əv ɔl ti oʊ θrɛʃ ˈfɪgjər 5 ˈprɛzənts ðə rɪˈzəlts fər fər faɪv ɔlˈtərnətɪv ˈvæljuz əv ti θrɛʃ ˈoʊvər ðə ˈreɪdiəs reɪnʤ. ðə ˈvərtɪkəl ˈæksəs ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnts ðə ˈreɪdiəl ˈdɛnsɪti əv ðət ɪz, pər ˈpɑrˌsɛk əv ˈreɪdiəs. fɪg. 5 prəˈpɛnsɪti ˈmɛtrɪk ɛz ə ˈfəŋkʃən əv ɑr fər faɪv taɪm θˈrɛˌʃoʊld ˈvæljuz, ti θrɛʃ ˈreɪnʤɪŋ frəm 0 tɪ 2 ʤaɪr. ðə ˈvərtɪkəl ˈæksəs ɪz ðə ˈreɪdiəl ˈdɛnsɪti əv i.e*., pər ˈpɑrˌsɛk əv ˈreɪdiəs. fər ðə ˈjunəˌfɔrm ˈmɑdəl, ɪz ˈmɑdəld ɛz biɪŋ prəˈpɔrʃənəl tɪ ˈtoʊtəl ˌɑpərˈtunəti taɪm, i.e*., ðə səm əv ɔl ti oʊ θrɛʃ ðə rɪˈzəlts ɪgˈzɪbɪt tu meɪn ˈfiʧərz: 1 fər ɔl ˈvæljuz əv ti θrɛʃ ɪz ˈgreɪtəst təˈwɔrd ðə ˈɪnər dɪsk əv ðə ˈgæləksi; ənd 2 fər ɔl, tɛndz tɪ ˈdiˌkris ɛz ti θrɛʃ ɪz ˌɪnˈkrist. ðə fərst əbˈzərvd ˈfiʧər ɪz kənˈsɪstənt wɪθ ðə trɛnz ɪn ˈhæbətəbəl ˈplænət ˈdɛnsɪti ˌriˈpɔrtəd baɪ ɛt æl. 2011 tɪ əˈsɛs ˈwɛðər ðɪs rɪˈzəlt ˈsɪmpli træks ðə ˈhæbətəbəl ˈplænət ˈdɛnsɪti, wi ˈɔlsoʊ ɪgˈzæmɪn ðə ˈævərɪʤ əv pər ˈhæbətəbəl ˈplænət, wɪʧ həz bɪn ˈplɑtɪd ɪn fɪg. 6 ɪt ɪz sin ðət ðə ˈævərɪʤ prəˈpɛnsɪti dɪz ˌɪnˈdid ˈvɛri wɪθ ˈreɪdiəs, dɪˈspleɪɪŋ ə ˈriʤən əv ˈmæksəməm ˈævərɪʤ prəˈpɛnsɪti bɪtˈwin əˈbaʊt 6 ənd 10. æt sˈmɔlər, ðə ˈævərɪʤ prəˈpɛnsɪti ɪz ˈmɑrʤənəli loʊər, wɪʧ kən bi əˈtrɪbjətəd tɪ ðə haɪər reɪt əv ɪˈvɛnts. æt ˈlɑrʤər ðɛr ɪz ə ˈræpɪd dɪˈklaɪn ɪn ˈævərɪʤ prəˈpɛnsɪti, wɪʧ kən bi əˈtrɪbjətəd tɪ ðə rɪˈdusɪŋ ˈævərɪʤ eɪʤ əv ˈhæbətəbəl ˈplænəts wɪθ ˌɪnˈkrisɪŋ ɑr. ðɪs ɪn tərn ɪz du tɪ ðə ˈleɪtər ˈɛpəks æt wɪʧ ðə ˈkrɪtɪkəl fər ˈhæbətəbəl ˈplænət fɔrˈmeɪʃən əˈkərz wɪθ ˌɪnˈkrisɪŋ ɑr. (ðə ˌvɛriˈeɪʃən əv wɪθ ˈɛpək taɪm ɪz dɪˈskəst ˈfərðər ɪn ˈsɛkʃən dɪˈspaɪt ðə ˌvɛriˈeɪʃənz ɪn ˈævərɪʤ prəˈpɛnsɪti pər ˈplænət, ðə ˈoʊvərˌɔl ˌfævərəˈbɪlɪti əv ðə ˈɪnər ˈgæləksi, ɛz sin ɪn fɪg. 5 ɪz du tɪ ðə ʃɪr ˈnəmbər əv ˈhæbətəbəl ˈplænəts prɪˈdɪktɪd baɪ ðə ˈmɑdəl ɪn ðɪs ˈriʤən. fɪg. 6 ˈævərɪʤ əv pər ˈhæbətəbəl ˈplænət ɛz ə ˈfəŋkʃən əv ɑr fər faɪv ti θrɛʃ ˈvæljuz ˈreɪnʤɪŋ frəm 0 tɪ 2 ʤaɪr. ðə ˈvərtɪkəl ˈæksəs ɪz ðə ˈreɪdiəl ˈdɛnsɪti əv ðə ˈævərɪʤ əv i.e*., ðə ˈævərɪʤ əv pər ˈpɑrˌsɛk əv ˈreɪdiəs. ðə rɪˈzəlts əv fɪg. 5 səˈʤɛst wɪl pik æt səm ˈreɪdiəs lɛs ðən (bət əˈsumd tɪ bi ˈgreɪtər ðən ˈziroʊ du tɪ ðə prɑkˈsɪməti əv ðə ˈsɛntrəl blæk hoʊl). ðə prɪˈsaɪs loʊˈkeɪʃən əv ðə pik ˈkænɑt bi dɪˈtərmənd, ɛz ɪt laɪz bɪɔnd ðə loʊər ˈreɪdiəs reɪnʤ əv ɑr ˈmɑdəl. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ðə ˈbeɪsɪk kənˈkluʒən əv ðə ˌfævərəˈbɪlɪti əv ðə ˈɪnər ˈgæləksi ɪz nɑt ˈɔltərd baɪ ðə prɪˈsaɪs loʊˈkeɪʃən əv ðə pik, ˈoʊnli ðə ˌdɛfəˈnɪʃən əv ““inner.”*.” wər ðə ˈmɑdəl əv ɛt æl. 2011 tɪ bi ɪkˈstɛndɪd ɪn fˈjuʧər tɪ loʊər, ðə æˈnælɪsɪs əv ðɪs ˈpeɪpər kʊd bi rɪˈpitɪd tɪ prəˈvaɪd ə ˈkloʊzər baʊnd ɔn ðə ˈreɪdiəs əv pik prəˈpɛnsɪti. ðə ˈsɛkənd əbˈzərvd ˈfiʧər ɪn fɪg. kənˈsɪstənt rɪˈdəkʃən ɪn wɪθ ˌɪnˈkrisɪŋ ti θrɛʃ prɪˈdɪktəbəl, ˈgɪvɪn ðət ˈlɑrʤər ˈvæljuz əv ti θrɛʃ ˈpərˌmɪt fjuər ti oʊ tɪ bi ˌɪnˈkludɪd ɪn ðə ˈmɛtrɪk səˈmeɪʃən. fər ˈrɛfərəns, wi hæv mɑrkt ɔn fɪg. 5 ðə ˈsərkəmˌstænsɪz ðət hoʊld fər ðə sən ənd ərθ (i.e*., ənd ti θrɛʃ ʤaɪr). ðə ˈvælju əv fər ðiz pərˈæmətərz ɪz ʤaɪr pər ˈreɪdiəl ˈpɑrˌsɛk. ðɪs ɪz ðə ˈægrəˌgeɪtəd prəˈpɛnsɪti fər ɔl ˈhæbətəbəl ˈplænəts ˈɑkjəˌpaɪɪŋ ən ˈænjələr rɪŋ əv 1 ˈpiˈsi wɪdθ, æt ə ˈreɪdiəs əv 8 (ˈnoʊtɪŋ frəm fɪg. 6 ðət ðə ˈævərɪʤ pər ˈplænət ɪz ʤaɪr ɪn ðɪs ˈriʤən). ɪt ɪz sin ðət fər loʊər, ðə ˈdɛnsɪti əv pər ˈreɪdiəl ˈpɑrˌsɛk ɪz əp tɪ taɪmz haɪər. ðɪs ɪz du tɪ ðə haɪər ˈnəmbər ˈdɛnsɪti əv ˈhæbətəbəl ˈplænəts ɪn ðɪs ˈriʤən, ˈrəðər ðən ðə ˈævərɪʤ pər ˈplænət (wɪʧ wi si frəm fɪg. 6 ɪz ʤaɪr ɪn ðɪs ˈriʤən). ðɪs meɪ bi ˌɪnˈtərprətəd ɛz ˈfɑloʊz: wi noʊ ðət ˌɪnˈtɛləʤənt laɪf kən əraɪz (ɪt həz ərˈɪzən æt list wəns) æt 8, ənd ðɛr ʃʊd bi ən ˈivɪn ˈgreɪtər ʧæns ðət ɪt həz ərˈɪzən ɪn ˈriʤənz ˈkloʊzər tɪ ðə gəˈlæktɪk ˈsɛnər. ðɪs ɪz sin ˈivɪn wɪθ ˈlɑrʤər ti θrɛʃ əˈsəmpʃənz, əp tɪ 2 ʤaɪr. ə ˈdɪfərənt əˈproʊʧ tɪ ɪgˈzæmɪnɪŋ ðə prəˈpɛnsɪti fər ˌɪnˈtɛləʤəns wɑz ˈteɪkən baɪ ənd raɪs 2010 hu juzd ðə rɛr ərθ haɪˈpɑθəsəs ˈfreɪmˌwərk. ðeɪ ˈɔlsoʊ faʊnd ðət ðə ˈɪnər ˈgæləksi ʃʊd hæv ðə ˈgreɪtəst ˈnəmbər əv ˌɪnˈtɛləʤənt ˌsɪvəlɪˈzeɪʃənz. dɪˈspaɪt ˈmeɪʤər ˈdɪfərənsɪz ɪn ˈmɑdəl əˈsəmpʃənz ənd goʊlz bɪtˈwin ðɪs wərk ənd ðɛrz, ðə ˈoʊvərˌɔl kənˈkluʒənz ər ɪn ˈʤɛnərəl əˈgrimənt. prəˈpɛnsɪti əˈbəv ənd bɪˈloʊ ðə wi naʊ kənˈsɪdər ðə ˌvɛriˈeɪʃən əv ɪn tu ˈspeɪʃəl dɪˈmɛnʃənz: ɑr ənd zi. wi ˈprɛzənt ðə rɪˈzəlts ɪn ðə fɔrm əv ˈkɑnˌtʊr mæps, wɪʧ ʃoʊ ɑr ɔn ðə ˌhɔrəˈzɑntəl ˈæksəs, zi ɔn ðə ˈvərtɪkəl ˈæksəs, ənd ə əv ɪn ðə plɑt. ˈfɪgjər 7 ʃoʊz ðə ˈkɑnˌtʊr mæps fər faɪv ˈvæljuz əv ti θrɛʃ ˈreɪnʤɪŋ frəm 0 tɪ 2 ʤaɪr. ə ˌlɑgərˈɪðmɪk skeɪl ɪz juzd fər ðə, əˈlaʊɪŋ ˈgreɪtər ˈditeɪl tɪ bi sin ɪn ˈriʤənz wɛr ðə ˈvæljuz ər loʊ. iʧ ˈkɑnˌtʊr mæp ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnts ə vju əv ðə ˈgæləksi, əˈprɑksəmətli tɪ skeɪl. ðə ˈfɪgjər ˈɪləˌstreɪts ðət, fər ti θrɛʃ ˈvæljuz əv 0 ənd ʤaɪr, ðə ˈɪnər ˈgæləksi həz ðə haɪəst æt ðə, ɛz ɪz ˈdɑməˌneɪtəd baɪ ðə ˈnəmbər əv ˈplænəts ɪn ðə ˈriʤən. fər ðiz ti θrɛʃ ˈvæljuz wi si ðə ˈɪnfluəns əv ˌstɛrəlɪˈzeɪʃənz bɪtˈwin ənd, wɛr ɪz sˈlaɪtli haɪər əˈbəv ənd bɪˈloʊ ðə æt ðiz ˈreɪdiəl pəˈzɪʃənz. fər ti θrɛʃ 2 ʤaɪr, wɪʧ əˈsumz ðət ðə fər ðə raɪz əv ˌɪnˈtɛləʤəns ɪz mɔr ðən 3 taɪmz ðət ɪkˈspɪriənst ɔn ərθ, frəm tɪ, ɪz ˈɔlˌweɪz ˈgreɪtər əˈbəv ənd bɪˈloʊ ðə. fɪg. 7 ˈkɑnˌtʊr mæp plɑts əv ɛz ə ˈfəŋkʃən əv ɑr ənd zi. faɪv ˈsɛpərˌeɪt ˈkɑnˌtʊr mæps ər prəˈvaɪdɪd, ˌkɔrəˈspɑndɪŋ tɪ ti θrɛʃ ˈvæljuz əv 0 1 ənd 2 ʤaɪr, rɪˈspɛktɪvli. ə ˌlɑgərˈɪðmɪk skeɪl ɪz juzd fər ðə, wɪʧ ɪz dɪˈfaɪnd ɪn ðə ˈlɛʤənd ˈgɪvɪn æt ðə raɪt. (ˈkələr ˈgræfɪks əˈveɪləbəl æt www.liebertonline.com/ast*) wi noʊ ðət ˌɪnˈtɛləʤənt laɪf həz ərˈɪzən æt list wəns æt nɪr ðə gəˈlæktɪk, ənd ðɛr ʃʊd bi ən ˈivɪn ˈgreɪtər ʧæns ðət ɪt həz ərˈɪzən ɪn ðoʊz ˈriʤənz ðət ər ʃoʊn ɛz ““hotter”*” ɔn ðə ˈkɑnˌtʊr mæp, səʧ ɛz ˈkloʊzər tɪ ðə gəˈlæktɪk ˈsɛnər. ˈfərðərˌmɔr, ɪf ˌɪnˈtɛləʤəns ˈtɪpɪkəli teɪks ˈlɔŋgər tɪ əraɪz ðən ɪt həz ɔn ərθ, ðə ˈmɑdəl səˈʤɛsts ˈsɛˌti ʃʊd praɪˈɔrəˌtaɪz ˈtɑrgəts əˈbəv ənd bɪˈloʊ ðə æt ɑr ˈreɪdiəl pəˈzɪʃən ənd təˈwɔrd ðə ˈɪnər ˈgæləksi. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ɪf ˌɪnˈtɛləʤəns teɪks ˈrəfli ðə seɪm taɪm ɛz ɪt həz ɔn ərθ, ər lɛs, ðɛn ðə ˈmɑdəl səˈʤɛsts ˈsɛˌti ʃʊd ˈtərgət ðə əv ðə ˈɪnər ˈgæləksi. prəˈpɛnsɪti ɪkˈsprɛst ɪn gəˈlæktɪk koʊˈɔrdəˌneɪts fər ˈsɛˌti, ɪt ɪz ˌɪnˈstrəktɪv tɪ kənˈsɪdər haʊ ˈvɛriz ɛz ə ˈfəŋkʃən əv ðə ˈpɔɪntɪŋ dɪˈrɛkʃɪn əv ˈtɛləˌskoʊps, spəˈsɪfɪkli ðə ˌvɛriˈeɪʃən əv ˈoʊvər gəˈlæktɪk koʊˈɔrdəˌneɪts. wi ʃoʊ ðɪs ɪn fɪg. 8 wɛr (fər ðə ti θrɛʃ ʤaɪr keɪs) həz bɪn ˈplɑtɪd ɛz ə ˈfəŋkʃən əv gəˈlæktɪk ˈlɑnʤəˌtud (ɛl) ənd gəˈlæktɪk ˈlætəˌtud (bi). ə ˌlɑgərˈɪðmɪk həz bɪn juzd tɪ ʃoʊ ðə ˈtoʊtəl pər bɪn əv ˈɛriə ɔn ðə skaɪ, wɛr bɪnz əv əˈprɑksəmətli wən skwɛr dɪˈgri hæv bɪn juzd əˈkrɔs ðə hoʊl ðə θri ˈpænəlz ˌkɔrəˈspɑnd tɪ reɪnʤ ˈlɪmɪts frəm ðə əbˈzərvər əv 3 4 ənd 5, iʧ ˈplɑtɪd wɪθ ðə seɪm reɪnʤ fər iʧ ˈpænəl ʃoʊz ðə ɪnˈtaɪər skaɪ ɪn ən ˈsaɪnəˌsɔɪdəl prɑˈʤɛkʃən, ɛz sin frəm ə ˈvæntɪʤ pɔɪnt əv ənd ərθs əˈprɑksəˌmeɪt loʊˈkeɪʃən. ɛz dɪˈskəst ˈərliər, ðə ˈsɛntrəl bəlʤ ənd ˈɪnər dɪsk) ər ɪkˈskludɪd ɪn ɑr ˈmɑdəl. fər ðɪs ˈrizən, rɪˈzəlts bɪɔnd ə reɪnʤ əv frəm ðə əbˈzərvər ər ˌɪnkəmˈplit wɪθ ɑr ˈmɑdəl, wɪʧ ɪz waɪ ˈoʊnli ˈreɪnʤɪz bɪˈloʊ hæv bɪn ʃoʊn. fɪg. 8 ˈkɑnˌtʊr mæp plɑts əv (fər ti θrɛʃ ʤaɪr) ɛz ə ˈfəŋkʃən əv gəˈlæktɪk ˈlɑnʤəˌtud (ɛl) ənd ˈlætəˌtud (bi), fər θri reɪnʤ ˈlɪmət ˈkeɪsɪz: 3 4 ənd 5. noʊt ðət ðə ˈlɑnʤəˌtud skeɪl ʃoʊn əˈplaɪz ˈoʊnli tɪ ðə plɑts ɪmˈplɔɪ ən ˈsaɪnəˌsɔɪdəl prɑˈʤɛkʃən, wɛr ðə skeɪl əv ðə ˌhɔrəˈzɑntəl ˈæksəs ˈvɛriz wɪθ ˈlætəˌtud, i.e*., prəˈpɔrʃənəli tɪ cos(b*). (ˈkələr ˈgræfɪks əˈveɪləbəl æt www.liebertonline.com/ast*) ˈfɪgjər 8 kən bi ˌɪnˈtərprətəd ɛz ʃoʊɪŋ ðə ˈrɛlətɪv ˈdɛnsɪti əv pəˈtɛnʃəl ˈtɑrgəts pər ænˈtɛnə ˈpɔɪntɪŋ ɛz ə ˈfəŋkʃən əv loʊˈkeɪʃən ɪn ðə skaɪ. fər ə reɪnʤ ˈlɪmət əv 3, ðə ˈdɛnsɪti ɪz ˈrɛlətɪvli loʊ, bɪˈkəz ðɪs ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnts ə smɔl ˈvɑljum əv skaɪ ðət kənˈteɪnz ˈrɛlətɪvli fju ˈhæbətəbəl ˈplænəts. wɪˈθɪn ðɪs reɪnʤ, ðɛr ɪz ə ˈmaɪnər ædˈvæntɪʤ tɪ əbˈzərvɪŋ təˈwɔrd ðə gəˈlæktɪk ˈsɛnər, ənd sˈlaɪtli əˈbəv ər bɪˈloʊ ðə, kənˈsɪstənt wɪθ ɑr ˈfaɪndɪŋz ɪn ˈsɛkʃən ˌɪnˈkrisɪŋ ðə reɪnʤ ˈlɪmət tɪ 4 ˌɪnˈkrisɪz ðə əbˈzərvd ˈvɑljum əv skaɪ ənd ˈɔlsoʊ ˌɪnˈkludz mɔr əv ðə ˈɪnər ˈgæləksi. ˈkɑnsəkˌwɛntli, ðə ˈnəmbər əv pəˈtɛnʃəl ˈtɑrgəts ɪz sɪgˈnɪfɪkəntli haɪər. ðə ædˈvæntɪʤ əv əbˈzərvɪŋ ðə rɪˈmeɪnz. æt ə reɪnʤ ˈlɪmət əv 5, ðə əbˈzərvd ˈvɑljum əv skaɪ ɪz ˈlɑrʤər əˈgɛn ənd ˌɪnˈkludz ə sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt ˈfrækʃən əv ðə ˈɪnər ˈgæləksi. ðə ˈdɛnsɪti əv pəˈtɛnʃəl ˈtɑrgəts ɪz ˈklɪrli ðə haɪəst təˈwɔrd ðə ˈɪnər ˈgæləksi, ɪn ə ˈriʤən ˈbaʊndɪd ˈrəfli baɪ ənd ðə ædˈvæntɪʤ əv əbˈzərvɪŋ sˈlaɪtli ðə rɪˈmeɪnz bət ɪz naʊ lɛs prəˈnaʊnst, wɪʧ ɪz kənˈsɪstənt wɪθ ðə fækt ðət mɔr ˈplænəts ər naʊ ˌɪnˈkludɪd ðət ər ˈkloʊzər tɪ ðə gəˈlæktɪk ˈsɛnər, wɛr ðə haɪəst ˈdɛnsɪti wɑz faʊnd tɪ bi ɔn ðə (si ˈsɛkʃən ðə ˌɪmpləˈkeɪʃən əv fɪg. 8 fər ˈsɛˌti ɪz ðət ə kəmˈpɛlɪŋ ˈstrætəʤi wʊd əˈpɪr tɪ bi ə kəmˈplit ˈsərˌveɪ əv ə ˈriʤən əv ðə skaɪ ˈsɛntərd ɔn ðə gəˈlæktɪk ˈsɛnər ənd ˈspænɪŋ əˈprɑksəmətli əv ˈlɑnʤəˌtud ənd əv ˈlætəˌtud. noʊt ðət ðə məˈʤɔrəti əv ˈtərgət ˈplænəts ɪn ðɪs ˈriʤən wɪl bi kloʊz tɪ ðə gəˈlæktɪk ˈsɛnər, soʊ ˈsərʧɪz ʃʊd ˈfoʊkɪs ɔn dɪˈlɪbərˌeɪt ˌɑpərˈtunəti taɪm ˌdɪstrəˈbjuʃənz ˌɔlˈðoʊ ðə stəˈtɪstɪkəl riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪp bɪtˈwin ti oʊ ənd aɪ ˈkænɑt bi noʊn prɪˈsaɪsli fər ðə ˈrizənz dɪˈskəst ɪn ˈsɛkʃən ɪt ɪz stɪl ˈpɑsəbəl tɪ meɪk ˈminɪŋfəl ˈsteɪtmənts kənˈsərnɪŋ ˈrɛlətɪv prəˈpɛnsətiz ɪn ɑr ˈmɑdəl. əˈkrɔs ðə ˈnumərəs ˈhæbətəbəl ˈplænəts ɪn ðə ˈmɑdəl, ˌɑpərˈtunətiz əˈkər əv ˈvɛriɪŋ ˈdʊˈreɪʃənz, ˈspænɪŋ ə kənˈtɪnjuəm əv ti oʊ ˈvæljuz. wi kriˈeɪt ˈhɪstəˌgræmz əv ðə ˌdɪstrəˈbjuʃən əv ti oʊ ˈdʊˈreɪʃənz ɪn fɪg. 9 fər ˈsɛvən ˈdɪfərənt. ə ˈreɪdiəl bɪn saɪz əv 50 ˈpiˈsi ɪz juzd ɪn iʧ keɪs, wɪθ ðə bɪn ˈsɛnərz ɛz ˈlɪstɪd ɪn ðə ˈfɪgjər ˈlɛʤənd. fɪg. 9 ˈhɪstəˌgræmz əv ti oʊ əv ˈdɪfərɪŋ ˈdʊˈreɪʃənz fər ˈsɛvən spɪˈsɪfɪk ˈvæljuz əv ɑr. ðə ˈvərtɪkəl ˈæksəs ʃoʊz ðə ˈnəmbər əv ˌɑpərˈtunətiz pər ˈpɑrˌsɛk əv ˈreɪdiəs (ɔn ə ˌlɑgərˈɪðmɪk skeɪl) ðət hæv ðə ˈdʊˈreɪʃən ˈgɪvɪn ɔn ðə ˌhɔrəˈzɑntəl ˈæksəs. ðə dæʃt ˈvərtɪkəl laɪn ˈkrɔsɪŋ ðə ˌhɔrəˈzɑntəl ˈæksəs æt ʤaɪr ˌkɔrəˈspɑndz tɪ ðə ti oʊ ɪkˈspɪriənst wɪn ˌɪnˈtɛləʤəns əroʊz ɔn ərθ. ðə ˈkəˌtɔfs ər ə rɪˈzəlt əv ðə eɪʤ ˌdɪstrəˈbjuʃən əv stɑrz əˈkrɔs ðə dɪsk, wɛr noʊ ˈplænəts bɪɔnd ə ˈgɪvɪn ɑr kən hæv ən əˈsoʊʃiˌeɪtəd ˈdʊˈreɪʃən bɪˈkəz ðeɪ ər tu jəŋ. ðə fərst ˈfiʧər tɪ bi ˈnoʊtɪd ɪn fɪg. 9 ɪz ðət ˈʃɔrtər ti oʊ əˈkər mɔr ˈfrikwɛntli ðən ˈlɔŋgər ti oʊ ðə ˈmæksəməm kaʊnt əˈkərz æt ðə ˈʃɔrtɪst ˈdʊˈreɪʃənz, ənd ðə kaʊnt ˈdiˌkrisɪz wɪθ ˌɪnˈkrisɪŋ ˈdʊˈreɪʃən. ðɪs ɪz ɪkˈspɛktɪd, ɛz ðə ɪˈvɛnts meɪk ˈlɔŋgər ˈdʊˈreɪʃənz lɛs ˈprɑbəbəl. ðə ˈsɛkənd ˈfiʧər əv fɪg. 9 ɪz ðət ðə ti oʊ kaʊnt fər ə ˈgɪvɪn ˈdʊˈreɪʃən ˈvælju tɛndz tɪ ˈdiˌkris wɪθ ˌɪnˈkrisɪŋ ɑr. ðɪs ɪz ɪkˈspleɪnd baɪ ðə ˈdiˌkrisɪŋ ˈhæbətəbəl ˈplænət ˈdɛnsɪti wɪθ ˌɪnˈkrisɪŋ ɑr. ˈkruʃəli, ɪt ɪz sin ðət ðə kərvz fər iʧ ˈreɪdiəs keɪs du nɑt krɔs, ˈminɪŋ ðət ðɪs riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪp hoʊldz fər oʊ ˈdʊˈreɪʃənz. ðət ɪz, ɪf wən kənˈsɪdərz ə ˌpɑˈtɪkjələr ti oʊ ˈdʊˈreɪʃən, ðɛn rəˈgɑrdləs əv ðə ˈdʊˈreɪʃən ˈvælju, ðɛr wɪl ˈɔlˌweɪz bi ə ˈgreɪtər ˈnəmbər əv ˌɑpərˈtunətiz əv ðət ˈdʊˈreɪʃən təˈwɔrd ðə ˈɪnər ˈgæləksi. rəˈgɑrdləs əv ðə stəˈtɪstɪkəl riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪp ðət ɪgˈzɪsts bɪtˈwin ti oʊ ənd aɪ ðɛr ər ˈɔlˌweɪz mɔr ˌɑpərˈtunətiz æt iʧ ˈdʊˈreɪʃən ˈvælju ɪn ðə ˈɪnər ˈgæləksi, soʊ ðə ˈoʊvərˌɔl aɪ məst bi haɪər ɪn ðɪs ˈriʤən. ðɪs həz ˈnitli əˈlaʊd ˈjuˈɛs tɪ ˌsərkəmˈvɛnt ðə ˌkæləˈbreɪʃən ˈɪʃu reɪzd ɪn ˈsɛkʃən wi meɪ nɑt bi ˈeɪbəl tɪ ˈkɑmɛnt ˈminɪŋfəli ɔn ˈæbsəˌlut ˈvæljuz əv aɪ bət wi kən meɪk ðə roʊˈbəst əˈsərʃən ðət aɪ ˈvæljuz ər ˈrɛlətɪvli haɪər təˈwɔrd ðə ˈɪnər ˈgæləksi. fər ɪgˈzæmpəl, wɪθ ˈrɛfərəns tɪ fɪg. 9 ðə ˌɑpərˈtunəti kaʊnt ˌkɔrəˈspɑndɪŋ tɪ ərθs sɪˈnɛrioʊ (ti oʊ ʤaɪr ənd) ɪz pər ˈpɑrˌsɛk. æt loʊər, təˈwɔrd ðə ˈɪnər ˈgæləksi, ðə ˌɑpərˈtunəti kaʊnt ɪz sin tɪ bi ˈgreɪtər ðən 6000 pər ˈpɑrˌsɛk. ðət ɪz, ðə ˈɪnər ˈgæləksi ˈprɛzənts mɔr ðən 4 taɪmz ðə ˈnəmbər əv ˌɑpərˈtunətiz (əv ðə ˈdʊˈreɪʃən ˈnidɪd ɔn ərθ fər ˌɪnˈtɛləʤəns tɪ ˈimərʤ) ðən ðə ˈriʤən ɪn wɪʧ ərθ ɪz ˈloʊˌkeɪtəd. ðɪs prəˈvaɪdz ˈfərðər səˈpɔrt fər ðə kənˈkluʒən drɔn ɪn ˈsɛkʃənz ənd ðət ɪz, ðət ðɛr ɪz ə ˈgreɪtər ˈlaɪkliˌhʊd ðət ˌɪnˈtɛləʤəns wɪl əraɪz ɪn ðə ˈɪnər ˈgæləksi ðən æt ərθs ˈreɪdiəs. ə ˈfərðər ˌɑbzərˈveɪʃən frəm fɪg. 9 ɪz ðət, æt haɪ, ðɛr ɪz ə hɑrd ˈkəˌtɔf ɪn ðə ti oʊ ˌdɪstrəˈbjuʃənz. əˈbəv ðə ˈkəˌtɔf ˈdʊˈreɪʃən ðɛr ər noʊ ˌɑpərˈtunətiz fər ˌɪnˈtɛləʤəns tɪ ˈimərʤ. fər ɪgˈzæmpəl, fər ˈpiˈsi, ðɛr ər noʊ ˌɑpərˈtunətiz ˈlɔŋgər ðən əˈprɑksəmətli ʤaɪr. ðɪs ɪz du tɪ ðə loʊər eɪʤ əv ˈplænəts æt haɪər. ɪn ðə keɪs əv ˈpiˈsi ˈreɪdiəs, ðɛr ər noʊ ˈplænəts ɪn ðə ˈmɑdəl ðət ər oʊld ɪˈnəf tɪ prəˈvaɪd ə gæp bɪtˈwin ɪˈvɛnts ˈgreɪtər ðən ʤaɪr. ˌɑpərˈtunətiz baɪ ˈɛpək wi hæv sin ðət ðə əˈbəndəns ənd ˈdʊˈreɪʃən əv ˌɑpərˈtunətiz, ɛz ɛnˈkæpsəˌleɪtɪd baɪ ɑr ˈmɛtrɪk ˈvɛriz wɪθ ɑr ənd zi. ɪt ɪz ˈɔlsoʊ ˌɪnˈstrəktɪv tɪ ˌɪnˈvɛstəˌgeɪt haʊ ˌɑpərˈtunətiz ˈvɛri baɪ ˈɛpək, ðət ɪz, ɛz ə ˈfəŋkʃən əv taɪm sɪns ðə fɔrˈmeɪʃən əv ðə ˈgæləksi. ɪn fɪg. 10 wi plɑt ˈtoʊtəl ˌɑpərˈtunəti kaʊnts ˈvərsəz ˈɛpək taɪm fər sɪks ˈvæljuz əv ɑr, fər ðə keɪs əv ti θrɛʃ ʤaɪr. ðə ˌhɔrəˈzɑntəl ˈæksəs ɪz ðə taɪm sɪns ðə fɔrˈmeɪʃən əv ðə ˈgæləksi. æt ˈɛni pɔɪnt ɔn ðə taɪm ˈæksəs, ðə ˌkɔrəˈspɑndɪŋ kaʊnt ɔn ðə ˈvərtɪkəl ˈæksəs ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnts ðə ˈtoʊtəl ˈnəmbər əv ˈhæbətəbəl ˈplænəts ɔn wɪʧ ðɛr ɪz ˈkərəntli ən ““active”*” ˌɑpərˈtunəti fər ˌɪnˈtɛləʤənt laɪf tɪ ɪˈvɑlv. iʧ ˌɑpərˈtunəti kənˈtrɪbjuts tɪ ðə kaʊnt ˈvælju æt ɔl taɪm ˈvæljuz ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə ɪkˈstɛnt əv ðə ˌɑpərˈtunəti. fɪg. 10 ˌɑpərˈtunəti kaʊnts ˈvərsəz ˈɛpək taɪm (taɪm sɪns ðə fɔrˈmeɪʃən əv ðə ˈgæləksi) fər sɪks ˈkeɪsɪz əv ɑr ənd fər ti θrɛʃ ʤaɪr. æt ˈɛni pɔɪnt ɔn ðə taɪm ˈæksəs, ðə kaʊnt ɔn ðə ˈvərtɪkəl ˈæksəs ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnts ðə ˈtoʊtəl ˈnəmbər əv ˈhæbətəbəl ˈplænəts ɔn wɪʧ ðɛr ɪz ˈkərəntli ən ““active”*” ˌɑpərˈtunəti. æt ɔl, ðə ˈnəmbər əv ˌɑpərˈtunətiz ɪz sin tɪ ˌɪnˈkris wɪθ taɪm. fər sˈmɔlər, ðə kaʊnts ər haɪər du tɪ ðə haɪər ˈnəmbər ˈdɛnsɪti əv ˈhæbətəbəl ˈplænəts. iʧ kərv steɪz æt ˈziroʊ fər ə ˈsərtən ˈdʊˈreɪʃən ˌbiˈfɔr bɪˈgɪnɪŋ tɪ raɪz. ðə taɪm æt wɪʧ ðə raɪz bɪˈgɪnz ɪz ˈərliər æt sˈmɔlər, wɪʧ ɪz du tɪ ðə haɪər ˈævərɪʤ eɪʤ əv ˈplænəts təˈwɔrd ðə ˈɪnər ˈgæləksi. æt haɪər, ðə fərst ˌɑpərˈtunətiz fər ðə ˈimərʤəns əv ˌɪnˈtɛləʤəns du nɑt əˈkər ənˈtɪl ˈleɪtər taɪmz, wəns ðə ˈplænət ˈeɪʤɪz riʧ ðə ˈnɛsəˌsɛri θˈrɛˌʃoʊld. fər ɔl ˈvæljuz əv ˈreɪdiəs, ðə ˈnəmbər əv ˈæktɪv ˌɑpərˈtunətiz ðəs fɑr ɪn gəˈlæktɪk ˈhɪstəri ɪz æt ɪts ˈmæksəməm æt ðə ˈprɛzənt taɪm. ðət ɪz, ðə ˈlaɪkliˌhʊd əv ˌɪnˈtɛləʤəns ˈimərʤɪŋ ɪz raɪt naʊ ðə haɪəst ɪt həz ˈɛvər bɪn. ˈfərðərˌmɔr, ðə trɛnd əv ˌɪnˈkrisɪŋ prəˈpɛnsɪti wɪl kənˈtɪnju ˈɪntu ðə fˈjuʧər, ˈlaɪkli fər ðə nɛkst fju ˈbɪljən jɪrz, ɛz ðə ˌɪnˈkrisɪz θruaʊt ðə dɪsk, ðəs səˈpɔrtɪŋ haɪər ˈplænət fɔrˈmeɪʃən reɪts. əˈdɪʃəˌnəli, kənˈtrɪbjutɪŋ tɪ ðə ˌɪnˈkrisɪŋ prəˈpɛnsɪti ɪz ðə stɑr fɔrˈmeɪʃən reɪt, wɪʧ həz nɑt bɪn ɪn sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt dɪˈklaɪn ɪn ðə pæst fju ˈbɪljən jɪrz, ənd ðə fækt ðət mɔr taɪm ɪz əˈveɪləbəl fər ðə dɪˈvɛləpmənt əv ˌɪnˈtɛləʤənt laɪf ɔn ˈplænəts ðət ˈkərəntli ɪgˈzɪst ɪn ðə ˈgæləksi. ɛz ˈpriviəsli ˈmɛnʃənd, wi ˈfoʊkɪs ɔn ˈmɑdəlɪŋ ˈplænəts ɪn ðə gəˈlæktɪk dɪsk ənd hæv nɑt kənˈsɪdərd ðə gəˈlæktɪk bəlʤ du tɪ ðə ˈkɑmpləˌkeɪtəd fɔrˈmeɪʃən ˈhɪstəri ənd ˈifɛkts ðət meɪ bi ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt tɪ kənˈsɪdər ɪn ðɪs ˈriʤən. ɛt æl. 2013 ˈmɑdəld ðə ˈifɛkts əv ˈstɛlər ɔn ˈplænəˌtɛri ˈsɪstəmz ɪn dɪˈskrit ˈriʤənz ənd faʊnd ðət ˈdɪfərənt gəˈlæktɪk ɪnˈvaɪrənmənts meɪ rɪˈdus ðə əv ˈplænəts du tɪ ˈiðər (ə) strɔŋ ˌgrævɪˈteɪʃənəl ˌɪnərˈækʃənz ðət meɪ pərˈtərb ˈplænəˌtɛri ˈsɪstəmz ər (bi) ˈwikər ˌɪnərˈækʃənz ðət meɪ pərˈtərb prɪˈmɔrdiəl məˈtɪriəl lɛft ˈoʊvər frəm ˈplænət fɔrˈmeɪʃən, səʧ ɛz ˈɑbʤɛkts, wɪʧ meɪ kɔz ə fləks əv məˈtɪriəl tɪ ˌɪmˈpækt ðə ˈɪnər ˈplænəts ənd pəˈtɛnʃəli ə mæs ɪkˈstɪŋʃən ɪˈvɛnt. sɪns wi hæv ˌɪgˈnɔrd ðə gəˈlæktɪk bəlʤ, wi hæv nɑt əˈtɛmptəd tɪ ˈmɑdəl ðiz ˈifɛkts ɪn ðɪs wərk. ˈstɛlər meɪ rɪˈdus ðə əv ˈplænəts ɪn ˈdɪfərənt gəˈlæktɪk ɪnˈvaɪrənmənts ənd ðəs ðə prəˈpɛnsɪti fər ˌɪnˈtɛləʤənt laɪf wɪˈθɪn ðə ˈmɪlki weɪ. wi noʊt ðət, waɪl wi hæv ˈoʊnli kənˈsɪdərd ðə ˈifɛkts əv ˌstɛrəlɪˈzeɪʃənz, ðɛr ər ˈəðər ɪˈvɛnts ðət kʊd ˈdiˌkris ɪn ðə nɪr fˈjuʧər, səʧ ɛz ˈgæmə reɪ bərsts (grbs*). ənd ˌhɪˈmɛˌnɛz 2014 ɪgˈzæmənd ðə ˌɪmˈpækt əv ɔn gəˈlæktɪk ənd kənˈkludɪd ðət, ɛz ər mɔr ˈlaɪkli tɪ əˈkər ɪn ðə ˈɪnər ˈgæləksi ənd ˈstɛrəˌlaɪz ˈriʤənz, ðə ˈaʊtər ˈgæləksi ɪz ə ˈbɛtər pleɪs tɪ faɪnd laɪf. wi noʊt ðət ðɛr ər səm əˈsəmpʃənz meɪd ɪn ðɛr wərk ðət wɪl bɛr ˈfərðər æˈnælɪsɪs, spəˈsɪfɪkli ðət lɔŋ ər faʊnd ˌprɛfərˈɛnʃəli ɪn dwɔrf ˈgæləksiz, ənd ðət ðə əˈsəmpʃən ðət ðə ˈmɛmbərz əv ðə dɪsk ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃən əv ðə ˈmɪlki weɪ kən bi ɪkˈweɪtɪd wɪθ ðə dwɔrf hoʊsts əv ɪn ɪkˈstərnəl ˈgæləksiz meɪ wɛl nɑt bi tru. mɔˈroʊvər, ðɛr æˈnælɪsɪs ˌɪgˈnɔrz ðə sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt dɪˈrɛkʃɪnəl ˈbimɪŋ əv, wɪʧ meɪ əˈlaʊ ðə əv lɑrʤ ˈriʤənz əv ə ˈgæləksi ɪn ðə vɪˈsɪnɪti əv ə tɪ bi ˌənəˈfɛktɪd. ðə reɪt æt wɪʧ əˈkər ɪz ˈɔlsoʊ ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt tɪ ˌɪnˈklud, sɪns ˌstɛrəlɪˈzeɪʃən baɪ ə ɪz nɑt ˌnɛsəˈsɛrəli ˈfeɪtəl tɪ laɪf ɪn ðət ˈriʤən fər ðə rɛst əv gəˈlæktɪk ˈhɪstəri (ɛz ɑr ˌsɪmjəˈleɪʃənz ˈmɑdəl fər ɪkˈstɪŋʃənz). ˈfaɪnəli, wi noʊt ðət ðə əˈsəmpʃən ðət reɪt skeɪlz wɪθ ðə ˈstɛlər ˈdɛnsɪti ɪz nɑt dɪˈsɪmələr tɪ ðə reɪt ˈskeɪlɪŋ wɪθ ˈstɛlər ˈdɛnsɪti. ɑr ˌsɪmjəˈleɪʃənz əv ðə ˌɪmˈpækt əv ʃoʊ ðət, dɪˈspaɪt ðə haɪər reɪt, ðə bɛst pleɪs tɪ sərʧ fər ˌɪnˈtɛləʤəns ɪz ðə ˈɪnər ˈgæləksi. ðə rɪˈzəlts əv ənd ˌhɪˈmɛˌnɛz 2014 səˈʤɛst ðət ə dɪˈteɪld ˌsɪmjəˈleɪʃən əv ðə ˌɪmˈpækt əv kʊd bi ə ˈwərθˈwaɪl fˈjuʧər ɪkˈstɛnʃən tɪ ðə ˈmɑdəlz ɔn wɪʧ ðə ˈprɛzənt wərk ɪz beɪst. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ɪn ðə ˈæbsəns əv dɪˈteɪld ˈmɑdəlɪŋ, wi kən bi ˈkɑnfədənt ɪn ˈmeɪkɪŋ ðə kˈwɑləˌteɪtɪv əˈsərʃən ðət ər ənˈlaɪkli tɪ ˈdiˌkris ɪn ðə ˈmɪlki weɪ tɪ ˈlɛvəlz sɪgˈnɪfɪkəntli loʊər ðən ðoʊz ˈkərəntli ɪkˈspɪriənst fər tu ˈrizənz: (aɪ) ðə ˈfrikwənsi əv səʧ ɪˈvɛnts ənd ðɛr dɪˈstrəktɪv paʊər ər nɑt səˈfɪʃənt tɪ sɪgˈnɪfɪkəntli ˌɪnˈhɪbət ðə prəˈpɛnsɪti fər ˌɪnˈtɛləʤəns ˈoʊvər ə lɑrʤ ˈspeɪʃəl ɪkˈstɛnt ənd (ii*) ðə ˈʤɛnərəl ˌɪnˈkris ˈoʊvər taɪm ɪn ðə prəˈpɛnsɪti fər ˌɪnˈtɛləʤəns (du tɪ ˌɪnˈkrisɪŋ ˈplænət eɪʤ) wʊd tɛnd tɪ ˈɔfˌsɛt ðə ˈnɛgətɪv ˌɪmˈpækt əv. ə ˈfərðər ˌɑbzərˈveɪʃən frəm fɪg. 10 ɪz ðət, æt ðə taɪm ˌɪnˈtɛləʤəns əroʊz ɔn ərθ (əˈprɑksəmətli ðə ˈprɛzənt taɪm), ɑr ˈmɑdəl səˈʤɛsts ə ˈsɪmələr ˈnəmbər ˈdɛnsɪti əv ˈæktɪv ˌɑpərˈtunətiz wɑz ˈprɛzənt ɪn ðə ˈɪnər ˈgæləksi mɔr ðən 2 ʤaɪr əˈgoʊ. ðɪs dɪz nɑt ˌɪmˈplaɪ ðət ˈəðər ˌsɪvəlɪˈzeɪʃənz hæv ˈæˌkʧuəli ˈimərʤd ɪn ðə ˈɪnər ˈgæləksi, bət ɪt dɪz ˈɔfər səm ˈɪnˌsaɪt ˈɪntu ðə pəˈtɛnʃəl eɪʤ əv ˈɛni səʧ ˌsɪvəlɪˈzeɪʃənz, ʃʊd ðeɪ ɪgˈzɪst. 4 kənˈkluʒənz ə ˈmɑdəl həz bɪn dɪˈvɛləpt tɪ ˈænəˌlaɪz ðə pəˈtɛnʃəl fər ðə dɪˈvɛləpmənt əv ˌɪnˈtɛləʤənt laɪf ɪn ðə ˈmɪlki weɪ, wən ðət kənˈsɪdərz ðə ˈkɑntɛkst əv ən ɪˈvɑlvɪŋ ˈgæləksi, ðə fɔrˈmeɪʃən əv ˈplænəts ɪn ðɪs ɪnˈvaɪrənmənt, ənd ðə əˈkərəns əv ˈstɛrəˌlaɪzɪŋ ɪˈvɛnts ðət pʊt ˈprɛʃər ɔn ðə əˈbɪləˌti əv ˈplænəts tɪ hoʊst ˌɪnˈtɛləʤənt laɪf. wi kriˈeɪtɪd ə ˈmɛtrɪk, tɪ əˈsɛs ðə prəˈpɛnsɪti fər ðə ˈimərʤəns əv ˌɪnˈtɛləʤəns, ənd wi ɪgˈzæmənd ðə ˈspeɪʃəl ənd ˈtɛmpərəl ˌvɛriˈeɪʃən əv wi kənˈklud ðət ðə ˈɪnər əˈkrɔs ɔl ˈɛpəks əˈpɪrz tɪ hæv ðə haɪəst ɛz ə rɪˈzəlt əv ðə ˌdɑməˈneɪʃən ɪn ðɪs ˈriʤən əv ðə ˈnəmbər ˈdɛnsɪti əv ˈplænəts ðət mit ɑr prəˈpɛnsɪti ˈmɛtrɪk kraɪˈtɪriə. ˈivɪn ɪf wi ˈvɛri ðə ɪkˈspɛktɪd taɪm fər ðə ˈimərʤəns əv ˌɪnˈtɛləʤəns tɪ ə ˈvælju mɔr ðən 3 taɪmz ˈgreɪtər ðən ðət wɪʧ wɑz rikˈwaɪərd ɔn ərθ, ðə ˈɪnər dɪsk əv ðə ˈgæləksi prəˈvaɪdz ðə ˈgreɪtəst ˈnəmbər əv ˌɑpərˈtunətiz fər ˌɪnˈtɛləʤəns tɪ ˈimərʤ, dɪˈspaɪt ˈhævɪŋ ə haɪər reɪt ðən ɔl ˈəðər loʊˈkeɪʃənz ɪn ðə dɪsk. ˈfərðər ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃən əv ðɪs riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪp səˈʤɛsts ðət ˈplænət loʊˈkeɪʃənz sˈlaɪtli əˈbəv ənd bɪˈloʊ ðə meɪ bi mɔr ˈfeɪvərəbəl ðən loʊˈkeɪʃənz prɪˈsaɪsli æt ðə bɪtˈwin ənd, du tɪ ˌɪnˈkrist ɪkˈspoʊʒər tɪ ɪˈvɛnts. ðɪs ˈifɛkt ɪz mɔr prəˈnaʊnst ɛz ðə ɪkˈspɛktɪd taɪm fər ðə ˈimərʤəns əv ˌɪnˈtɛləʤəns ˌɪnˈkrisɪz. ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪŋli, wi faɪnd ðət ðə ˈævərɪʤ pər ˈplænət æt ərθs ˈreɪdiəl pəˈzɪʃən əv ɪz ˈgreɪtər ðən ðə ˈɪnər ˈgæləksi. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, sɪns ðɛr ər fjuər ˈhæbətəbəl ˈplænəts æt ərθs ˈreɪdiəl pəˈzɪʃən, ðə ˈoʊvərˌɔl ˈvælju əv ɪz stɪl loʊər. wi ˈɔlsoʊ faɪnd ðət, æt ɔl gəˈlæktɪk, ɪz ˌɪnˈkrisɪŋ ˈstɛdəli wɪθ taɪm. ɪt ɪz ˈprɛzəntli ðə haɪəst ɪt həz bɪn ɪn gəˈlæktɪk ˈhɪstəri, ənd ɪt wɪl kənˈtɪnju tɪ raɪz fər ˈsɛvərəl ˈbɪljən jɪrz ˈɪntu ðə fˈjuʧər. ɑr ˈmɑdəl prəˈvaɪdz ən ˈɛstəˌmeɪt əv ðə ˈnəmbər əv ˈæktɪv ˌɑpərˈtunətiz fər ðə ˈimərʤəns əv ˌɪnˈtɛləʤəns æt ðə ˈprɛzənt taɪm æt ərθs ˈreɪdiəs. ɪt ˈɔlsoʊ ʃoʊz ðət ə ˈsɪmələr ˈnəmbər əv ˌɑpərˈtunətiz wər əˈveɪləbəl ɪn ðə ˈɪnər ˈgæləksi mɔr ðən 2 ʤaɪr əˈgoʊ. ɪf ˈɛni ˌsɪvəlɪˈzeɪʃənz hæv ˈimərʤd ɪn ðə ˈɪnər ˈgæləksi, ðeɪ meɪ bi kənˈsɪdərəbli ˈoʊldər ðən ɑr oʊn. waɪl ðə ˈɪnər ˈgæləksi həz ə haɪər ˈoʊvərˌɔl prəˈpɛnsɪti fər ˌɪnˈtɛləʤənt laɪf, ɛz wi hæv dɪˈfaɪnd ɪn ðɪs ˈstədi, wi noʊt ðət ðɪs dɪz nɑt ˌɪmˈplaɪ ˈɛni dɪˈgri əv ˈækʧəwəl inhabitancy*. ðə ˈimərʤəns əv laɪf ənd ˌɪnˈtɛləʤəns meɪ bi ˈtruli rɛr ɪˈvɛnts, ənd ðɛr əˈkərəns ɔn ərθ meɪ bi ə stəˈtɪstɪkəl ˈaʊtlaɪər. ɪt ɪz ˈpɑsəbəl ðət noʊ ˈəðər fɔrm əv ˌɪnˈtɛləʤəns (ər laɪf əv ˈɛni kaɪnd) həz ərˈɪzən ˈɛlsˌwɛr ɪn ɑr ˈgæləksi. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ðə laɪf ənd ˌɪnˈtɛləʤəns du ɪgˈzɪst ˈɛlsˌwɛr ɪn ɑr ˈɔlsoʊ ˈpɑsəbəl, ənd ðə rɪˈzəlts əv ðɪs ˈstədi səˈʤɛst ðɪs meɪ bi ðə mɔr ˈprɑbəbəl sɪˈnɛrioʊ. ɪn ðɪs rɪˈgɑrd, ɑr ˈfaɪndɪŋz kən bi ˌɪnˈtərprətəd ɛz ˌɑptɪˈmɪstɪk fər ðə ˈprɑspɛkts əv ˈsɛˌti. ðeɪ ˈɔlsoʊ səˈʤɛst ə haɪ praɪˈɔrəti ʃʊd bi ˈgɪvɪn tɪ ˈsərʧɪŋ ɪn ðə dɪˈrɛkʃɪn əv ðə gəˈlæktɪk ˈsɛnər. ɑr wərk dɪz nɑt prəˈvaɪd ə minz baɪ wɪʧ tɪ ˈɛstəˌmeɪt ðə ˈæbsəˌlut ˈnəmbər əv ˌsɪvəlɪˈzeɪʃənz ðət meɪ hæv ərˈɪzən ɪn ðə ˈgæləksi ər ðə reɪt æt wɪʧ nu ˌsɪvəlɪˈzeɪʃənz meɪ ˈimərʤ ɪn ðə fˈjuʧər. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, wi kən bi ˈkɑnfədənt ɪn əˈsərtɪŋ ðət ðə pəˈtɛnʃəl fər ˌɪnˈtɛləʤəns tɪ ˈimərʤ ɪz bɪˈkəmɪŋ ˈgreɪtər wɪθ taɪm. ðɛr ər ˈlaɪkli tɪ bi mɔr nu ˌsɪvəlɪˈzeɪʃənz ˈimərʤɪŋ ɪn ðə fˈjuʧər ðən hæv ˈimərʤd ɪn ɑr pæst. ðə ˈɔθərz wɪʃ tɪ ækˈnɑlɪʤ ðə səˈpɔrt əv ðə ɔˈstreɪljən ˈsɛntər fər æt ðə ˌjunəˈvərsəti əv nu saʊθ weɪlz ənd ðə ˈnæsə ˈɪnstɪˌtut æt ðə ˌjunəˈvərsəti əv həˈwaɪˌi. ðɪs məˈtɪriəl ɪz beɪst əˈpɑn wərk səˈpɔrtɪd baɪ ðə ˈnæʃənəl ˌɛrəˈnɔtɪks ənd speɪs ædˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃən θru ðə ˈnæsə ˈɪnstɪˌtut ˈəndər koʊˈɑpərˌeɪtɪv əˈgrimənt noʊ. ˈɪʃud θru ðə ˈɔfəs əv speɪs saɪəns. ðə ˈɔθərz ər ˈgreɪtfəl fər ˈvæljəbəl ˈfidˌbæk ɔn ðə ˈmænjəˌskrɪpt prəˈvaɪdɪd baɪ krɪs ˈtɪni, ˈdeɪvɪd ˈflænəri, ˈmælkəm ˈwɔltər, ˈkɛrəl ˈɑlɪvər, ʤeɪmz ˈbɛnfərd, ænˈtoʊniə rowlinson*, ənd ðə əˈnɑnəməs rivˈjuərz. ˌpɑˈtɪkjələr θæŋks tɪ krɪs ˈtɪni fər səˈʤɛstɪŋ ðə ˌɪnˈkluʒən əv ðə gəˈlæktɪk koʊˈɔrdəˌneɪt ˈkɑnˌtʊr mæps. ˈɔθər dɪˈskloʊʒər ˈsteɪtmənt noʊ kəmˈpitɪŋ ˌfaɪˈnænʃəl ˈɪntərɪsts ɪgˈzɪst. 1 ˈgɪvɪn ðət ˌɛvəˈluʃəˌnɛri taɪmz ər ɔl ˈpɑzətɪv ˈrændəm ˈvɛriəbəlz, ɪt meɪ bi mɔr ˈækjərət tɪ ˈmɑdəl ðə ˌdɪstrəˈbjuʃən əv ðə səm əv taɪmz ˈjuzɪŋ ðə ˌdɪstrəˈbjuʃən. rəˈgɑrdləs, fər ə lɑrʤ ˈnəmbər əv subprocesses*, ðə ˌdɪstrəˈbjuʃən wɪl kənˈvərʤ təˈwɔrd ˈgaʊsiən. 2 ðɪs ˌkɔrəˈspɑndz tɪ ɪn boʊθ ɛl ənd bi æt ðə. æt haɪər ˈlætəˌtudz ðə ɛl reɪnʤ əv iʧ bɪn ɪz ˌɪnˈkrist tɪ meɪnˈteɪn ˈrəfli ðə seɪm ˈsɑləd ˈæŋgəl ɔn ðə skaɪ. 3 ɛz dɪˈskəst ɪn ˈsɛkʃən 1 ˈoʊnli ˌɪnˈtɛnʃənəl ˈbikənz ər ˈlaɪkli tɪ bi dɪˈtɛktəbəl ˈoʊvər ˈreɪnʤɪz ɪkˈsidɪŋ ə fju ˈhənərd ˈlaɪˌtjɪrz. hɛns, fər ˈtərgət ˈsɔrsəz ɪn ðə vɪˈsɪnɪti əv ðə ˈɪnər ˈgæləksi, ðɪs rikˈwaɪərz ðət ˈsɛˌti sərʧ fər ˈbikənz. 4 mɔr spəˈsɪfɪkli, ðə ˈɪnər ˈgæləksi æt, sɪns ɑr ˈmɑdəl həz ˈoʊnli bɪn kənˈstrəktɪd wɪθ dɪsk stɑrz æt bɪtˈwin ənd 15.
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previous studies of the galactic habitable zone have been concerned with identifying those regions of the galaxy that may favor the emergence of complex life . a planet is deemed habitable if it meets a set of assumed criteria for supporting the emergence of such complex life. in this work, we extend the assessment of habitability to consider the potential for life to further evolve to the point of intelligence—termed the propensity for the emergence of intelligent life , φ i . we assume φ i is strongly influenced by the time durations available for evolutionary processes to proceed undisturbed by the sterilizing effects of nearby supernovae. the times between supernova events provide windows of opportunity for the evolution of intelligence. we developed a model that allows us to analyze these window times to generate a metric for φ i , and we examine here the spatial and temporal variation of this metric. even under the assumption that long time durations are required between sterilizations to allow for the emergence of intelligence, our model suggests that the inner galaxy provides the greatest number of opportunities for intelligence to arise. this is due to the substantially higher number density of habitable planets in this region, which outweighs the effects of a higher supernova rate in the region. our model also shows that φ i is increasing with time. intelligent life emerged at approximately the present time at earth's galactocentric radius, but a similar level of evolutionary opportunity was available in the inner galaxy more than 2 gyr ago. our findings suggest that the inner galaxy should logically be a prime target region for searches for extraterrestrial intelligence and that any civilizations that may have emerged there are potentially much older than our own. key words: galactic habitable zone—intelligent life—seti. astrobiology 15, 683–696.
1. introduction
recent studies of the habitability of the milky way galaxy have given rise to the notion of a galactic habitable zone (ghz), defined as the region (or regions) of the galaxy that may favor the emergence of complex life (gonzalez et al., 2001; lineweaver et al., 2004; gowanlock et al., 2011). this work has been motivated largely by the combined result of exoplanet detections (perryman, 2012) and the discoveries of numerous extreme conditions under which life is found to thrive on earth (rothschild and mancinelli, 2001; cavicchioli, 2002). together, they suggest that there may be many habitable planets in the milky way. the idea of the ghz arises because, due to various underlying factors, life-supporting habitable planets are not distributed uniformly throughout space and time. the building blocks of terrestrial planets are elements heavier than helium, so sufficient time is required for these elements to form through stellar nucleosynthesis. planets should also not occupy environments with a high frequency of transient radiation events, such as supernovae (sne), that may endanger the long-term survival of complex life. thus, the properties of the milky way and its stellar population will drive the regions where we may expect life to thrive on long timescales.
the motivation for the current work is to investigate how, and to what extent, consideration of the ghz can assist in developing effective strategies for the search for extraterrestrial intelligence (seti). in this work, we make an underlying assumption that intelligence (and potentially a technological civilization) can emerge on a habitable planet, given time. although we currently know of only the one example where this occurred on earth, this is nonetheless an evidence-based assumption. the factors influencing the evolution of intelligence are not currently well understood. there is an ongoing scientific and philosophical debate as to whether its occurrence on earth is an unlikely fluke [as advocated by contingency theorists such as gould (1989) and lineweaver (2005)] or may be inevitable (given sufficient time) in any habitable environment where life has originated [as defended by ćirković (2012)]. we take no side in this debate, contending that the rationality of conducting seti does not depend on the number of potential target civilizations (a point also made by ćirković). the probability of intelligence emerging in the galaxy is clearly nonzero, and this is sufficient to conclude that other intelligences are possible, which in turn is sufficient justification to perform the seti experiment. we concern ourselves only with the relative propensity for intelligence to emerge in different places/times in the galaxy. this can tell us nothing about the absolute number of artificial sources of electromagnetic radiation we can expect to exist in the galaxy, only which are the preferential directions to point our telescopes to maximize the chances of a detection. in formulating a metric for this relative propensity, we make no assumptions concerning the processes/causes/pressures involved in the evolution of intelligence, other than making the weak (self-evident?) assumption that any event that takes time to happen will be more likely to happen if more time is available. specifically, we examine only the general preconditions for intelligence that are known to have applied on earth and make the assumption that planets offering similar preconditions will make the evolution of intelligence possible on that planet. the more such planets, and the more time is available on those planets for evolutionary processes to proceed undisturbed, the greater will be the level of opportunity for intelligence to emerge. no matter how likely or unlikely the emergence of intelligence, it must surely be more likely where it is given more opportunity.
early efforts to understand and quantify the potential for life and intelligence to arise throughout the galaxy included the work of drake in the 1960s, encapsulated by the “drake equation” (drake, 2003). however, the equation does not take account of the evolution of the physical properties of the milky way. the factors of the equation do not have a temporal dependence (ćirković, 2004) or deal with the inherent parameter uncertainties through the application of probability distributions (maccone, 2010; glade et al., 2012). in terms of temporal considerations and the prioritization of spatial search regions, the drake equation can, therefore, provide little guidance to seti.
the temporal and spatial aspects of galactic habitability were first quantified by gonzalez et al. (2001) and later expanded to include dangers to the formation and habitability of terrestrial planets by lineweaver et al. (2004) and then studied using a monte carlo simulation on the resolution of individual stars by gowanlock et al. (2011). a comparison between the habitability of the milky way and m31 was made by carigi et al. (2013). for an alternative perspective on these studies, see the work of prantzos (2008).
the model described by gowanlock et al. (2011) considers the stellar number density distribution and formation history of the galaxy, planet formation mechanisms, and the hazards to planetary biospheres as a result of supernova (sn) sterilization events that take place in the vicinity of the planets. based on timescales taken from the origin and evolution of life on earth, the model suggests large numbers of potentially habitable planets may exist in our galaxy (at least 1.2% of all stars in the milky way potentially host a habitable planet), with the greatest concentration likely being toward the inner galaxy. this approach addresses the emergence of complex life (specifically land-based animal life), but it does not consider intelligence or the type of technological civilization that can be detected by seti.
recent efforts to quantify the emergence of intelligent communicating civilizations within the galaxy include those of forgan (2009), forgan and rice (2010), and hair (2011). the former two papers describe a monte carlo method to stochastically evaluate whether individual habitable planets reach a technological civilization. they consider the impact of resetting events, albeit using a simplified model where resets occur at regular intervals. their framework is very useful for understanding the constraints (both temporal and spatial) facing seti. hair (2011) modeled the absolute time of appearance of intelligence by means of a gaussian distribution and proceeded to analyze the inter-arrival times of successive civilizations. again, the findings provide useful insights into the co-temporality challenge of seti. however, the model of hair (2011) does not take into account the spatial and temporal variations of conditions conducive to the emergence of intelligence—a limitation also noted and discussed by forgan (2011). furthermore, in both models, the parameters assigned to their respective probability distributions are somewhat arbitrary, which is necessarily the case given that there is just one data point (the emergence of intelligence on earth) with which to calibrate the models.
given the challenges associated with modeling the emergence of civilizations, as described above, the goal in our work is not to estimate the absolute number of civilizations distributed historically throughout the galaxy but to analyze the relative propensity for intelligent life to arise in different regions and epochs of the galaxy. relative numbers and distributions are sufficient to provide guidance to seti. until a first discovery is made, arguably the most effective seti strategy (one that makes best use of limited resources) is to focus on those spatial regions likely to host the greatest number of potential extraterrestrial signal sources.
when considering potential target sources for seti, their range must be taken into account, as well as the type of signal one is attempting to detect. there are essentially two distinct modes of conducting “electromagnetic seti”: (1) “eavesdropping” on unintentional leakage radiation or (2) searching for intentionally transmitted beacon signals (which may or may not contain embedded information). eavesdropping has the advantage that it does not rely on the cooperation of the radiating civilization. however, the range over which such leakage radiation can be detected is limited; probably no more than a hundred parsecs, even assuming the presence of powerful pulsed or monochromatic sources (forgan and nichol, 2011). therefore, eavesdropping may only be successful within the solar neighborhood. in contrast, an intentional beacon signal can be highly directional and, with sufficient power, may be detectable over pan-galactic or even intergalactic distances (benford et al., 2010). detecting such a beacon obviously relies on the existence of a beacon builder (and earth being one of the beacon's targets), but it has the advantage that the higher permissible range dramatically increases the number of potential sources within the search space. these considerations have led to a series of works that address potential targets for seti and habitable planets in light of current limitations and assumptions regarding other potential civilizations (turnbull and tarter, 2003; beckwith, 2008; kaltenegger et al., 2010). assuming that seti efforts advance with time, a body of work has been developed that considers the possibilities of technological civilizations in the astrobiological context beyond the technical limitations of seti, which is the focus of the present study.
the approach adopted in the current work permits us to suggest guidelines for seti that are grounded in evolutionary processes such as galactic chemical evolution, which in turn affect planet formation rates, thus avoiding approaches that assume uniform distributions of properties throughout the history of the milky way. additionally, the self-consistent model ensures that the pressures on complex or intelligent life from biological extinction events (sne in this work) are the result of the abovementioned evolutionary processes. our objective is to account for the regulation of habitability and subsequent opportunities for intelligent life in the context of an evolving galaxy.
following this introduction, section 2 describes the simulation model and analysis methodology. first, we provide an overview of the monte carlo simulation model of gowanlock et al. (2011) on which the current work is based, including how trial planet populations are generated and how habitability is assessed. we then describe how this model is extended to assess the propensity for the emergence of intelligence (denoted φ i ) and the method of creating a metric for φ i . section 3 presents our results on the spatial and temporal variation of this metric and discusses their significance, with particular reference to seti. finally, section 4 concludes the paper with a summary of our findings.
2. methodology
2.1. monte carlo habitability model
the starting point for the present study was the model of the milky way developed by gowanlock et al. (2011). in that model, various major observable properties of the disk of the milky way were used to populate stars and planets on an individual basis using monte carlo methods. to assess habitability, they modeled sne as a function of the properties of the milky way, planet formation, and the time required for the emergence of complex life. their modeling of the galactic disk incorporates a total stellar mass, an initial mass function (imf), a three-dimensional stellar number density distribution, a star formation history, and a galactic chemical evolution model. they only consider disk stars with galactocentric radii greater than 2.5 kpc, because of difficulties in accurately modeling the region inside 2.5 kpc due to the complicated formation history of the bulge. nevertheless, their model includes ∼75% of the disk stars in the galaxy, where the disk contains the majority of the stars in the milky way. four variants of the model were proposed to assess sensitivity to variations in the parameters outlined above. in particular, two imfs were utilized [kroupa (2001) and salpeter (1955)] and two stellar number density distributions [jurić et al. (2008) and carroll and ostlie (2006)]. a fixed total disk mass (binney and tremaine, 2008), star formation history, and associated galactic chemical evolution model (naab and ostriker, 2006) were employed.
all the models explored by gowanlock et al. (2011) reproduced the same general behavior and found that habitability was the greatest toward the inner galaxy. in the present study, we concentrate only on the most pessimistic model (model 4), based on a kroupa imf and found to have 1.2% of all stars hosting a habitable planet (of which 0.9% are tidally locked and 0.3% are nonlocked to their host stars). for a detailed definition of the model and its associated parameters, see the work of gowanlock et al. (2011).
transient radiation events in the milky way create cosmic rays, x-rays, and gamma rays, which can deplete planetary atmospheres of ozone, expose planets to their host stars, and thus cause massive extinctions to land-based life [see melott and thomas (2011) for an overview of radiation hazards to our biosphere]. the gowanlock et al. (2011) model focuses on the ability of planets to survive sn sterilizations. given a total disk mass, an imf, stellar number density distribution, and star formation history, type ii supernovae (snii) and type ia supernovae (snia) were populated independently, which expresses differences in formation rates and sterilization distances between these types of sne. it was assumed that planets nearby these sne (the sterilization distances of which reflect distributions of absolute magnitudes of observations) will be uninhabitable for a finite time period after a sterilization event occurs, and the planet can recover from the event.
supernovae occur throughout the milky way, and there is even evidence of them occurring in recent geological history. benítez et al. (2002) suggested that ∼2 myr ago a sn caused significant damage to earth's ozone layer, which had an effect on the extinction of ocean life at the pliocene-pleistocene boundary. furthermore, bishop and egli (2011) suggested that ∼2.8 myr ago earth was nearby a sn, as evidenced by 60fe in deep-sea crust. in line with gowanlock et al. (2011), we focus on sne, which we assume to be the dominant danger to habitability.
gowanlock et al. (2011) found that the highest density of habitable planets occurs in the regions with the highest stellar densities and consequently highest frequency of sn events. as with other previous works on the habitability of galaxies (lineweaver et al., 2004; prantzos, 2008; carigi et al., 2013), they did not account for stellar kinematics such as radial mixing, or oscillations above and below the midplane that may lead to varying levels of exposure to cosmic rays (medvedev and melott, 2007), on the basis that such motions were expected to have an insignificant overall negative impact on the fraction of habitable planets. gowanlock et al. (2011) did not find a region in the milky way that was continuously sterilized or sterilized at a sufficiently high frequency that planetary systems traveling through such a region would have a high probability of becoming sterilized. should such a region have existed, then incorporating stellar motions above and below the midplane would have a greater impact on the results. note that a star above or below the midplane that passes through it would be entering a region where there is a higher density of habitable planets (and hence cannot be significantly more hazardous to habitability). therefore, oscillations above and below the midplane are unlikely to significantly decrease habitability, especially since oscillations of this type result in those stars still spending the majority of their time above or below the midplane. if such vertical stellar oscillations had been considered in gowanlock et al. (2011), the mixing would have produced a degree of averaging in the results for habitability above and below the midplane, slightly weakening the observed trends.
gowanlock et al. (2011) populated the stars in their model by assigning each one a birth date, main sequence lifetime, and metallicity from the galactic chemical evolution model and star formation history, which assumes an inside-out formation history of the milky way. the metallicity-planet correlation of fischer and valenti (2005) was used, in combination with the population synthesis models of ida and lin (2005), to assign habitable planets to host stars in the model.
the timescales in earth's history were adopted to calculate whether a planet is habitable. this is arguably the most speculative assumption in the model, as there is only earth's pathway to complex (and intelligent) life to suggest such conditions on other planets. in light of focusing on dangers caused by sn events to planetary biospheres and, in particular, atmospheric ozone depletion, the focus is on the timescales for the buildup of ozone on earth. the notion of planetary oxygenation time is adopted from the work of catling et al. (2005), which proposes that, on earth, a continuous duration of oxygenation is required for the emergence of complex life. gowanlock et al. (2011) assumed that (1) any sterilizations that occur on the planets populated in the model before the ozone layer forms (this was approximately 2.3 gyr ago on earth) have no effect on habitability (since any life at this stage is assumed not to be surface-dwelling) and (2) the emergence of complex life requires a sufficient time period isolated from sterilization events to allow for sufficient oxygenation for the emergence of complex life. therefore, if a sn occurs within a threshold distance of d pc between the time period that the ozone formed and the period afterward that is required for the emergence of complex life, then this has a resetting effect, and the planet must remain unsterilized for a time period before it is considered habitable.
gowanlock et al. (2011) used the work of gehrels et al. (2003), who found that a snii will deplete the ozone layer and have a sterilizing effect on planets at a distance of <8 pc. the 8 pc distance was assumed to be just sufficient to sterilize a planet. by using the absolute magnitudes of snii and snia events, a distribution of sterilization distances was developed to reflect the notion that different magnitude events can occur and lead to varying sterilization distances.
for snii, d was selected from a probability distribution within the range of ∼2–27 pc, and within the range of ∼14–27 pc for snia. figure 1 shows an illustration of the timescales that demonstrate the interrelationship between sterilizations and the major events in earth's history used to calculate the habitability of a planet in the model of gowanlock et al. (2011). note that region c in fig. 1—the time after a planet becomes habitable—is the focus of the present work in extending the modeling to include the evolution from complex to intelligent life.
fig. 1. left: illustration of the major timescales on earth used as criteria to calculate the habitability of a planet. for a given planet in our model, we assume that a sterilization occurring before the formation of the ozone layer has no effect (a), whereas a sterilization occurring during the period of continuous oxygenation does have an effect (b), and c shows the time since the rise of complex life to the present day. right: employing the timescales from earth (on the left), we illustrate the effect a sterilization has on a planet populated in our model. a sterilization in a has no effect, since the ozone layer has not yet formed. however, the sterilization in b, shown at 2.85 gyr, delays the possibility of complex life until 4.4 gyr, as it disrupts the requirement of continuous oxygenation time. the time period c shows a hypothetical duration in which complex life has not been affected by any sterilization events after the planet is considered habitable at 4.4 gyr.
2.2. gap time analysis
the methodology described above for assessing habitability is based on identifying planets that provide conditions conducive to the evolution of complex land-based animal life. we assume that this represents the starting point for further stages of evolution that could lead to the emergence of intelligent life and, beyond that, to technological civilizations. in assessing the propensity for complex life to further evolve to intelligent life, φ i , our fundamental assumption is that time is the primary barrier to this process. we reason that environmental conditions, at least at the beginning of the process, are favorable, given that they were deemed suitable for complex life to develop. we then consider the time period beyond that needed for the appearance of complex life to see whether sufficient time is available for further evolution to intelligence. we assume that this process would be disrupted by any nearby sne; that is, if a sn occurs before intelligence is reached, the process is reset. the time durations between such sne are referred to as gap times, and we assume φ i is strongly dependent on the number and length of these gap times. without proposing a specific relationship between gap time length and its effect on φ i , we suggest it is a reasonable assumption that longer gap times will provide greater opportunity for the emergence of intelligence.
our analysis of gap times follows essentially the same methodology as employed by gowanlock et al. (2011) but with an extended parameter range for the time duration between sne. the goal was to assess whether these additional time requirements for the evolution of intelligence would alter the basic findings of gowanlock et al. (2011), that is, to investigate the extent to which the regions of greatest propensity for intelligence corresponded to regions of greatest habitability (as defined for complex life). on earth, the evolution from complex life to intelligence took just under 0.6 gyr. rather than apply this single figure, we acknowledge the lack of understanding of how the process works (and hence how long it typically takes) by considering a range of durations. as will be explained in section 2.3, our metrics are based on cumulative gap times conditioned on a variable threshold value ranging from 0 to 2 gyr. we prefer this approach over assigning a specific probability distribution to the time required for intelligence to emerge for two reasons: (1) we have insufficient data to meaningfully ascribe a shape or mean value to this distribution, and (2) there are potential sensitivities that may be revealed by our model that could be masked by the averaging effect of applying a distribution.
at this point, it is important to note that, if a planet is assessed as “habitable,” it does not mean that it will definitely become inhabited by complex life—only that conditions are favorable for this to happen. likewise, if there is a long gap time between sne on a habitable planet, it is not assured that intelligent life will emerge—only that this becomes a possibility. in this work, we do not attempt to quantify the percentage of planets that give rise to intelligence. we seek to produce a metric for φ i that allows analysis of the relative likelihood of intelligence emerging in different regions and epochs of the galaxy. a conservative position would be to assume that complex or intelligent life may only be able to arise on a small fraction of habitable planets. the opposite position would be that it is likely to arise on the majority of habitable planets. either assumption, or any in between, can be made without affecting the veracity of any conclusions drawn from analyzing relative propensities.
figure 2 illustrates how gap times are related to the major events in a planet's timeline. for the illustrative example given, there are three gap times, labeled gap 1 , gap 2 , and gap 3 . gap 1 is the time from the formation of a complete ozone layer to the first of two sne, sn 1 . gap 2 is the time between sn 1 and sn 2 . gap 3 is the time from sn 2 to the present (or equally, death) time of the example planet. for the emergence of complex land-based animal life, we assume the same timeframe as observed on earth, that is, 1.55 gyr. where a gap time exceeds 1.55 gyr, this provides an opportunity for further evolution to intelligent life. in the example of fig. 2, there are two such opportunity times, t o , which we may calculate as t on =(gap n – 1.55) when gap n ≥1.55, and zero otherwise. since gap 2 is less than 1.55 gyr, there is assumed to be no opportunity for the emergence of complex or intelligent life during that interval, hence t o2 =0.
fig. 2. illustrative planet timeline showing the major events from the birth (at left) to the present (or death) time (at right) and showing how “gap times” are calculated. in this example, there are two sne, labeled sn 1 and sn 2 . a gap time begins after the first formation of the ozone layer or after a sn event. a gap time is ended by a sn, the death of the planet, or the present day, as we do not extrapolate beyond the age of the universe. any gap times exceeding 1.55 gyr (the time assumed to be needed for the emergence of animal life) give rise to an opportunity for intelligent life to emerge. the shaded regions represent these “opportunity times,” t o , which are equal to the gap time less 1.55 gyr.
the monte carlo simulation described in section 2.1 provides a hypothetical population of planets, along with pertinent data for each planet, including its location coordinates, birth/death dates, and a list of dates the planet was sterilized by sne. locations are specified by x, y, and z coordinates relative to the galactic center, as shown in fig. 3. the x and y coordinates define the position projected onto the galactic midplane, and z is the height above (when positive) or below (when negative) the midplane. the galactocentric radius, r, is given by (x2+y2)1/2. we elected to work with a subset of the entire galactic data set to take advantage of azimuthal symmetry, specifically a 15° sector of the full 360° data set, as illustrated in fig. 3. even with this fraction, our model included in excess of 70 million planets, which is sufficient to allow statistical sampling errors to be ignored and to safely assume that the chosen 15° sector would produce the same results as any other 15° sector. the metrics generated from this data set (as described in section 2.3) were scaled by a factor of (360/15) to obtain results that represent the entire galaxy.
fig. 3. the coordinate system employed in the simulation model of gowanlock et al. (2011) for defining planet locations relative to the galactic center at (x, y, z)=(0, 0, 0). the model generates data for the entire 360° of “azimuth” in the (x, y) plane. to simplify processing for the present study, only a 15° subset was analyzed, exploiting the model's azimuthal symmetry.
from the planet data set, one can assess which planets are habitable [according to the criteria set by gowanlock et al. (2011)] and additionally calculate the gap times experienced on each habitable planet. for some planets, no gaps exceeding 1.55 gyr occur; for others, one or more such gaps occur. we treat multiple gaps on a single planet in an equivalent way to single gaps on multiple planets, that is, as independent opportunities for life to evolve. the total number and length of all gap times for all habitable planets produced by the simulation are accumulated, binned according to spatial location and temporal epoch, from which further analysis can be conducted.
2.3. propensity metric
we are primarily interested in examining how the propensity for the emergence of intelligent life, φ i , varies as a function of spatial location and epoch within the galaxy. to investigate this, we create a metric for φ i and observe, for our simulated planet population, the variability of this metric over time and as a function of r and z.
a straightforward metric, which we term φ iu , is the accumulated sum of all opportunity times, t on , for the planets existing within a specified spatial bin. (for a single planet, this would correspond to summing the lengths of time represented by the gray shaded regions in fig. 2.) that is,
where r j is the center value of the jth spatial bin. for example, if the data are binned according to galactocentric radius using bins of width w, then the radius range corresponding to r j is [(r j - w/2)≤r<(r j +w/2)].
this method of computing φ iu is equivalent to assuming a uniform probability distribution for the required time for intelligent life to emerge. that is, the required time is assumed to be a uniformly distributed random variable; hence the total probability will be proportional to the total cumulative time.
a variation for computing φ iu involves setting a threshold time, t thresh , for the t o values, and only those t o ≥t thresh are included in the summation. for example, the rise of animal life on earth occurred when the planet was ∼4 gyr old, and it was a further ∼0.6 gyr for the rise of intelligent life. if we assume these timescales, that is, that 0.6 gyr is the minimum time for intelligence to emerge after a planet can support complex life, then only those t o ≥0.6 gyr are included in the summation.
we do not know the precise relationship between the value of t o and the probability that intelligence will emerge during a time window of that length. it seems likely that the process of evolving intelligence requires a number of essential subprocesses, each occurring in sequence and each having its own specific time-distribution. this assumption was made by carter (2008) and forgan (2009). if this were the case, the overall time to achieve intelligence would be a random variable with a distribution approaching gaussian (following the central limit theorem)1. the uniform and gaussian models for the probability distribution of the time for evolving intelligence are illustrated in fig. 4. although the gaussian model may be more appropriate than the uniform model, it has the difficulty that we do not know the scale factor on the time axis. we do not know where the mean of the distribution lies relative to the 0.6 gyr that was required on earth. the three example gaussian distributions in fig. 4 (“gaussian a,” “gaussian b,” and “gaussian c”) illustrate alternative timescales. if “gaussian a” was an accurate representation, this would suggest that intelligence arose late on earth. conversely, if “gaussian c” was an accurate representation, this would suggest that intelligence arose early on earth. without a calibrated timescale, we cannot assess the sensitivity of φ i to changes in t o . for example, if typical t o values are to the left of the gaussian bell-curve, then a small incremental increase in t o will result in a large increase in φ i . however, if the t o values are to the right of the bell-curve, then an incremental increase in t o will have little effect on φ i . because of these uncertainties, there are difficulties in developing a φ i metric that derives from a gaussian (or any non-uniform) distribution. furthermore, if we accept the premise that time is the primary determinant for φ i , then a φ i metric based on the summation of available time is not unreasonable. therefore, we elect to employ the uniform propensity metric, φ iu , when generating the results reported in sections 3.1, 3.2, and 3.3 below. additionally, in section 3.4, we propose an alternative method of analysis that obviates the difficulties of having to make any assumptions regarding the probability distributions for the time required for the emergence of intelligence. that methodology and its results are described in section 3.4.
fig. 4. alternative models for the probability distribution of the time taken for intelligence to evolve from animal life. the relationship between the propensity for the emergence of intelligent life, φ i , and opportunity time t o is dependent on this distribution. shown are the uniform case and three different gaussian cases of differing means relative to 0.6 gyr (the time it took on earth for animal life to evolve intelligence).
3. model results
3.1. propensity metric—uniform model
for the uniform model described in section 2.3, the propensity for intelligent life is modeled as being proportional to total opportunity time, that is, the sum of all t o ≥t thresh . figure 5 presents the results for φ iu for five alternative values of t thresh over the radius range 2.5–15 kpc. the vertical axis represents the radial density of φ iu , that is, φ iu per parsec of radius.
fig. 5. propensity metric φ iu as a function of r for five time threshold values, t thresh , ranging from 0 to 2 gyr. the vertical axis is the radial density of φ iu , i.e., φ iu per parsec of radius. for the uniform model, φ iu is modeled as being proportional to total opportunity time, i.e., the sum of all t o ≥t thresh .
the results exhibit two main features:
(1) for all values of t thresh , φ iu is greatest toward the inner disk of the galaxy; and
(2) for all radii, φ iu tends to decrease as t thresh is increased.
the first observed feature is consistent with the trends in habitable planet density reported by gowanlock et al. (2011). to assess whether this result simply tracks the habitable planet density, we also examine the average of φ iu per habitable planet, which has been plotted in fig. 6. it is seen that the average propensity does indeed vary with radius, displaying a region of maximum average propensity between about 6 and 10 kpc. at smaller radii, the average propensity is marginally lower, which can be attributed to the higher rate of sn events. at larger radii there is a rapid decline in average propensity, which can be attributed to the reducing average age of habitable planets with increasing r. this in turn is due to the later epochs at which the critical metallicity for habitable planet formation occurs with increasing r. (the variation of φ iu with epoch time is discussed further in section 3.5). despite the variations in average propensity per planet, the overall favorability of the inner galaxy, as seen in fig. 5, is due to the sheer number of habitable planets predicted by the model in this region.
fig. 6. average of φ iu per habitable planet as a function of r for five t thresh values ranging from 0 to 2 gyr. the vertical axis is the radial density of the per-planet average of φ iu , i.e., the average of φ iu per parsec of radius.
the results of fig. 5 suggest φ iu will peak at some radius less than 2.5 kpc (but assumed to be greater than zero due to the proximity of the central black hole). the precise location of the peak cannot be determined, as it lies beyond the lower radius range of our model. however, the basic conclusion of the favorability of the inner galaxy is not altered by the precise location of the peak, only the definition of “inner.” were the model of gowanlock et al. (2011) to be extended in future to lower radii, the analysis of this paper could be repeated to provide a closer bound on the radius of peak propensity.
the second observed feature in fig. 5—the consistent reduction in φ iu with increasing t thresh —is predictable, given that larger values of t thresh permit fewer t o to be included in the metric summation.
for reference, we have marked on fig. 5 the circumstances that hold for the sun and earth (i.e., r=8 kpc and t thresh =0.6 gyr). the value of φ iu for these parameters is ∼35,000 gyr per radial parsec. this is the aggregated propensity for all habitable planets occupying an annular ring of 1 pc width, at a galactocentric radius of 8 kpc (noting from fig. 6 that the average φ iu per planet is ∼1.1 gyr in this region). it is seen that for lower radii, the density of φ iu per radial parsec is up to 4–5 times higher. this is due to the higher number density of habitable planets in this region, rather than the average φ iu per planet (which we see from fig. 6 is ∼0.9 gyr in this region). this may be interpreted as follows: we know that intelligent life can arise (it has arisen at least once) at 8 kpc, and there should be an even greater chance that it has arisen in regions closer to the galactic center. this is seen even with larger t thresh assumptions, up to 2 gyr.
a different approach to examining the propensity for intelligence was taken by forgan and rice (2010), who used the rare earth hypothesis framework. they also found that the inner galaxy should have the greatest number of intelligent civilizations. despite major differences in model assumptions and goals between this work and theirs, the overall conclusions are in general agreement.
3.2. propensity above and below the midplane
we now consider the variation of φ iu in two spatial dimensions: r and z. we present the results in the form of contour maps, which show r on the horizontal axis, z on the vertical axis, and a color-coding of φ iu in the plot.
figure 7 shows the φ iu contour maps for five values of t thresh , ranging from 0 to 2 gyr. a logarithmic scale is used for the color-coding, allowing greater detail to be seen in regions where the φ iu values are low. each contour map represents a cross-sectional view of the galaxy, approximately to scale. the figure illustrates that, for t thresh values of 0, 0.3, and 0.6 gyr, the inner galaxy has the highest φ iu at the midplane, as φ iu is dominated by the number of planets in the region. for these t thresh values we see the influence of sn sterilizations between r≈5 and r≈9 kpc, where φ iu is slightly higher above and below the midplane at these radial positions. for t thresh =2 gyr, which assumes that the timescale for the rise of intelligence is more than 3 times that experienced on earth, from 2.5 to ∼12 kpc, φ iu is always greater above and below the midplane.
fig. 7. contour map plots of φ iu as a function of r and z. five separate contour maps are provided, corresponding to t thresh values of 0, 0.3, 0.6, 1, and 2 gyr, respectively. a logarithmic scale is used for the color-coding, which is defined in the legend given at the right. (color graphics available at www.liebertonline.com/ast)
we know that intelligent life has arisen at least once at r=8 kpc near the galactic midplane, and there should be an even greater chance that it has arisen in those regions that are shown as “hotter” on the contour map, such as closer to the galactic center. furthermore, if intelligence typically takes longer to arise than it has on earth, the model suggests seti should prioritize targets above and below the midplane at our radial position and toward the inner galaxy. however, if intelligence takes roughly the same time as it has on earth, or less, then the model suggests seti should target the midplane of the inner galaxy.
3.3. propensity expressed in galactic coordinates
for seti, it is instructive to consider how φ iu varies as a function of the pointing direction of earth-based telescopes, specifically the variation of φ iu over galactic coordinates. we show this in fig. 8, where φ iu (for the t thresh =0.6 gyr case) has been plotted as a function of galactic longitude (l) and galactic latitude (b). a logarithmic color-coding has been used to show the total φ iu per bin of area on the sky, where bins of approximately one square degree have been used across the whole sky2. the three panels correspond to range limits from the observer of 3, 4, and 5 kpc, each plotted with the same color-coding range for φ iu . each panel shows the entire sky in an equal-area sinusoidal projection, as seen from a vantage point of r=8 kpc and z=0, earth's approximate location. as discussed earlier, the central bulge and inner disk (r<2.5 kpc) are excluded in our model. for this reason, results beyond a range of 5.5 kpc from the observer are incomplete with our model, which is why only ranges below 5.5 kpc have been shown.
fig. 8. contour map plots of φ iu (for t thresh =0.6 gyr) as a function of galactic longitude (l) and latitude (b), for three range limit cases: 3, 4, and 5 kpc. note that the longitude scale shown applies only to b=0. the plots employ an equal-area sinusoidal projection, where the scale of the horizontal axis varies with latitude, i.e., proportionally to cos(b). (color graphics available at www.liebertonline.com/ast)
figure 8 can be interpreted as showing the relative density of potential targets per antenna pointing as a function of location in the sky. for a range limit of 3 kpc, the density is relatively low, because this represents a small volume of sky that contains relatively few habitable planets. within this range, there is a minor advantage to observing toward the galactic center, and slightly above or below the midplane, consistent with our findings in section 3.3. increasing the range limit to 4 kpc increases the observed volume of sky and also includes more of the inner galaxy. consequently, the number of potential targets is significantly higher. the advantage of observing above/below the midplane remains. at a range limit of 5 kpc, the observed volume of sky is larger again and includes a significant fraction of the inner galaxy. the density of potential targets is clearly the highest toward the inner galaxy, in a region bounded roughly by |l|≤∼30° and |b|≤∼15°. the advantage of observing slightly above/below the midplane remains but is now less pronounced, which is consistent with the fact that more planets are now included that are closer to the galactic center, where the highest density was found to be on the midplane (see section 3.3).
the implication of fig. 8 for seti is that a compelling strategy would appear to be a complete survey of a region of the sky centered on the galactic center and spanning approximately 60° of longitude and 30° of latitude. note that the majority of target planets in this region will be close to the galactic center, so searches should focus on deliberate transmissions3.
3.4. opportunity time distributions
although the statistical relationship between t o and φ i cannot be known precisely for the reasons discussed in section 2.3, it is still possible to make meaningful statements concerning relative propensities in our model. across the numerous habitable planets in the model, opportunities occur of varying durations, spanning a continuum of t o values. we create histograms of the distribution of t o durations in fig. 9 for seven different galactocentric radii. a radial bin size of 50 pc is used in each case, with the bin centers as listed in the figure legend.
fig. 9. histograms of t o of differing durations for seven specific values of r. the vertical axis shows the number of opportunities per parsec of radius (on a logarithmic scale) that have the duration given on the horizontal axis. the dashed vertical line crossing the horizontal axis at 0.6 gyr corresponds to the t o experienced when intelligence arose on earth. the cutoffs are a result of the age distribution of stars across the disk, where no planets beyond a given r can have an associated duration because they are too young.
the first feature to be noted in fig. 9 is that shorter t o occur more frequently than longer t o . the maximum count occurs at the shortest durations, and the count decreases monotonically with increasing duration. this is expected, as the sn resetting events make longer durations less probable.
the second feature of fig. 9 is that the t o count for a given duration value tends to decrease with increasing r. this is explained by the decreasing habitable planet density with increasing r. crucially, it is seen that the curves for each radius case do not cross, meaning that this relationship holds for allt o durations. that is, if one considers a particular t o duration, then regardless of the duration value, there will always be a greater number of opportunities of that duration toward the inner galaxy. regardless of the statistical relationship that exists between t o and φ i , there are always more opportunities at each duration value in the inner galaxy, so the overall φ i must be higher in this region.
this has neatly allowed us to circumvent the calibration issue raised in section 2.3. we may not be able to comment meaningfully on absolute values of φ i , but we can make the robust assertion that φ i values are relatively higher toward the inner galaxy. for example, with reference to fig. 9, the opportunity count corresponding to earth's scenario (t o =0.6 gyr and r=8 kpc) is ∼1500 per parsec. at lower radii, toward the inner galaxy, the opportunity count is seen to be greater than 6000 per parsec. that is, the inner galaxy presents more than 4 times the number of opportunities (of the duration needed on earth for intelligence to emerge) than the region in which earth is located. this provides further support for the conclusion drawn in sections 3.1 and 3.2, that is, that there is a greater likelihood that intelligence will arise in the inner galaxy than at earth's radius.
a further observation from fig. 9 is that, at high radii, there is a hard cutoff in the t o distributions. above the cutoff duration there are no opportunities for intelligence to emerge. for example, for r=14,525 pc, there are no opportunities longer than approximately 1.4 gyr. this is due to the lower age of planets at higher radii. in the case of 14,525 pc radius, there are no planets in the model that are old enough to provide a gap between sn events greater than (1.55+1.4)=2.95 gyr.
3.5. opportunities by epoch
we have seen that the abundance and duration of opportunities, as encapsulated by our metric φ iu , varies with r and z. it is also instructive to investigate how opportunities vary by epoch, that is, as a function of time since the formation of the galaxy. in fig. 10, we plot total opportunity counts versus epoch time for six values of r, for the case of t thresh =0.6 gyr. the horizontal axis is the time since the formation of the galaxy. at any point on the time axis, the corresponding count on the vertical axis represents the total number of habitable planets on which there is currently an “active” opportunity for intelligent life to evolve. each opportunity contributes to the count value at all time values during the extent of the opportunity.
fig. 10. opportunity counts versus epoch time (time since the formation of the galaxy) for six cases of r and for t thresh =0.6 gyr. at any point on the time axis, the count on the vertical axis represents the total number of habitable planets on which there is currently an “active” opportunity.
at all radii, the number of opportunities is seen to increase monotonically with time. for smaller radii, the counts are higher due to the higher number density of habitable planets. each curve stays at zero for a certain duration before beginning to rise. the time at which the rise begins is earlier at smaller radii, which is due to the higher average age of planets toward the inner galaxy. at higher radii, the first opportunities for the emergence of intelligence do not occur until later times, once the planet ages reach the necessary threshold.
for all values of radius, the number of active opportunities thus far in galactic history is at its maximum at the present time. that is, the likelihood of intelligence emerging is right now the highest it has ever been. furthermore, the trend of increasing propensity will continue into the future, likely for the next few billion years, as the metallicity increases throughout the disk, thus supporting higher planet formation rates. additionally, contributing to the increasing propensity is the star formation rate, which has not been in significant decline in the past few billion years, and the fact that more time is available for the development of intelligent life on planets that currently exist in the galaxy.
as previously mentioned, we focus on modeling planets in the galactic disk and have not considered the galactic bulge due to the complicated formation history and dynamical effects that may be important to consider in this region. jiménez-torres et al. (2013) modeled the dynamical effects of stellar flybys on planetary systems in discrete regions and found that different galactic environments may reduce the habitability of planets due to either (a) strong gravitational interactions that may perturb planetary systems or (b) weaker interactions that may perturb primordial material left over from planet formation, such as oort cloud–like objects, which may cause a flux of material to impact the inner planets and potentially a mass extinction event. since we have ignored the galactic bulge, we have not attempted to model these effects in this work. stellar flybys may reduce the habitability of planets in different galactic environments and thus the propensity for intelligent life within the milky way.
we note that, while we have only considered the effects of sn sterilizations, there are other events that could decrease habitability in the near future, such as gamma ray bursts (grbs). piran and jimenez (2014) examined the impact of grbs on galactic habitability and concluded that, as grbs are more likely to occur in the inner galaxy and sterilize kiloparsec-scale regions, the outer galaxy is a better place to find life. we note that there are some assumptions made in their work that will bear further analysis, specifically that long grbs are found preferentially in low-metallicity dwarf galaxies, and that the assumption that the low-metallicity members of the disk population of the milky way can be equated with the low-metallicity dwarf hosts of grbs in external galaxies may well not be true. moreover, their analysis ignores the significant directional beaming of grbs, which may allow the habitability of large regions of a galaxy in the vicinity of a grb to be unaffected. the rate at which grbs occur is also important to include, since sterilization by a grb is not necessarily fatal to life in that region for the rest of galactic history (as our simulations model for sn extinctions). finally, we note that the assumption that grb rate scales with the stellar density is not dissimilar to the sne rate scaling with stellar density. our simulations of the impact of sne show that, despite the higher sne rate, the best place to search for intelligence is the inner galaxy. the results of piran and jimenez (2014) suggest that a detailed simulation of the impact of grbs could be a worthwhile future extension to the habitability models on which the present work is based. however, in the absence of detailed modeling, we can be confident in making the qualitative assertion that grbs are unlikely to decrease habitability in the milky way to levels significantly lower than those currently experienced for two reasons: (i) the frequency of such events and their destructive power are not sufficient to significantly inhibit the propensity for intelligence over a large spatial extent and (ii) the general increase over time in the propensity for intelligence (due to increasing planet age) would tend to offset the negative impact of grbs.
a further observation from fig. 10 is that, at the time intelligence arose on earth (approximately the present time), our model suggests a similar number density of active opportunities was present in the inner galaxy more than 2 gyr ago. this does not imply that other civilizations have actually emerged in the inner galaxy, but it does offer some insight into the potential age of any such civilizations, should they exist.
4. conclusions
a model has been developed to analyze the potential for the development of intelligent life in the milky way, one that considers the context of an evolving galaxy, the formation of planets in this environment, and the occurrence of sn sterilizing events that put pressure on the ability of planets to host intelligent life. we created a metric, φ iu , to assess the propensity for the emergence of intelligence, and we examined the spatial and temporal variation of φ iu .
we conclude that the inner galaxy4 across all epochs appears to have the highest φ iu , as a result of the domination in this region of the number density of planets that meet our propensity metric criteria. even if we vary the expected time for the emergence of intelligence to a value more than 3 times greater than that which was required on earth, the inner disk of the galaxy provides the greatest number of opportunities for intelligence to emerge, despite having a higher sn rate than all other locations in the disk. further investigation of this relationship suggests that planet locations slightly above and below the midplane may be more favorable than locations precisely at the midplane between r≈5 and r≈9 kpc, due to increased exposure to sn events. this effect is more pronounced as the expected time for the emergence of intelligence increases. interestingly, we find that the average φ iu per planet at earth's radial position of r=8 kpc is greater than the inner galaxy. however, since there are fewer habitable planets at earth's radial position, the overall value of φ iu is still lower.
we also find that, at all galactic radii, φ iu is increasing steadily with time. it is presently the highest it has been in galactic history, and it will continue to rise for several billion years into the future. our model provides an estimate of the number of active opportunities for the emergence of intelligence at the present time at earth's radius. it also shows that a similar number of opportunities were available in the inner galaxy more than 2 gyr ago. if any civilizations have emerged in the inner galaxy, they may be considerably older than our own.
while the inner galaxy has a higher overall propensity for intelligent life, as we have defined in this study, we note that this does not imply any degree of actual inhabitancy. the emergence of life and intelligence may be truly rare events, and their occurrence on earth may be a statistical outlier. it is possible that no other form of intelligence (or life of any kind) has arisen elsewhere in our galaxy. however, the alternative—that life and intelligence do exist elsewhere in our galaxy—is also possible, and the results of this study suggest this may be the more probable scenario. in this regard, our findings can be interpreted as optimistic for the prospects of seti. they also suggest a high priority should be given to searching in the direction of the galactic center.
our work does not provide a means by which to estimate the absolute number of civilizations that may have arisen in the galaxy or the rate at which new civilizations may emerge in the future. however, we can be confident in asserting that the potential for intelligence to emerge is becoming greater with time. there are likely to be more new civilizations emerging in the future than have emerged in our past.
acknowledgments
the authors wish to acknowledge the support of the australian centre for astrobiology at the university of new south wales and the nasa astrobiology institute at the university of hawaii. this material is based upon work supported by the national aeronautics and space administration through the nasa astrobiology institute under cooperative agreement no. nna08da77a issued through the office of space science. the authors are grateful for valuable feedback on the manuscript provided by chris tinney, david flannery, malcolm walter, carol oliver, james benford, antonia rowlinson, and the anonymous reviewers. particular thanks to chris tinney for suggesting the inclusion of the galactic coordinate contour maps.
author disclosure statement
no competing financial interests exist.
1 given that evolutionary subprocess times are all positive random variables, it may be more accurate to model the distribution of the sum of subprocess times using the log-normal distribution. regardless, for a large number of subprocesses, the log-normal distribution will converge toward gaussian.
2 this corresponds to ∼1° in both l and b at the midplane. at higher latitudes the l range of each bin is increased to maintain roughly the same solid angle on the sky.
3 as discussed in section 1, only intentional beacons are likely to be detectable over ranges exceeding a few hundred light-years. hence, for target sources in the vicinity of the inner galaxy, this requires that seti search for beacons.
4 more specifically, the inner galaxy at r>2.5 kpc, since our model has only been constructed with disk stars at radii between 2.5 and 15 kpc.
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pərˈfɔrməns ɪn moʊst ˈkɑmplɛks ˈkɑgnɪtɪv ənd tæsks ˌɪmˈpruvz wɪθ ˈtreɪnɪŋ, jɛt ðə ɪkˈstɛnt əv ˌɪmˈpruvmənt ˈvɛriz əˈməŋ ˌɪndəˈvɪʤəwəlz. ɪz ɪt ˈpɑsəbəl tɪ ˈfɔrˌkæst ðə ˈbɛnəfɪt ðət ə ˈpərsən maɪt rip frəm ˈtreɪnɪŋ? ˈsɛvərəl bɪˈheɪvjərəl ˈmɛʒərz hæv bɪn juzd tɪ prɪˈdɪkt ˌɪndəˈvɪʤəwəl ˈdɪfərənsɪz ɪn tæsk ˌɪmˈpruvmənt, bət ðɛr prɪˈdɪktɪv paʊər ɪz ˈlɪmɪtɪd. hir wi ʃoʊ ðət ˌɪndəˈvɪʤəwəl ˈdɪfərənsɪz ɪn ˈpætərnz əv ˈɪmɪʤɪz ɪn ðə ˈdɔrsəl rɪˈkɔrdɪd æt ðə ˌɪˈnɪʃəl steɪʤ əv ˈtreɪnɪŋ prɪˈdɪkt ˈsəbsəkwənt ˈlərnɪŋ səkˈsɛs ɪn ə ˈkɑmplɛks ˈvɪdioʊ geɪm wɪθ haɪ ˈækjərəsi. ðiz priˈdɪkʃənz ɪkˈspleɪnd mɔr ðən hæf əv ðə ˈvɛriəns ɪn ˈlərnɪŋ səkˈsɛs əˈməŋ ˌɪndəˈvɪʤəwəlz, səˈʤɛstɪŋ ðət ˌɪndəˈvɪʤəwəl ˈdɪfərənsɪz ɪn ər pərˈsɪstənt ˌfɪziˈɑləʤi prɪˈdɪkt ˈwɛðər ənd tɪ wət ɪkˈstɛnt ˈpipəl wɪl ˈbɛnəfɪt frəm ˈtreɪnɪŋ ɪn ə ˈkɑmplɛks tæsk. səˈpraɪzɪŋli, priˈdɪkʃənz frəm waɪt ˈmætər wər ˈhaɪli ˈækjərət, waɪl ɪn ðə greɪ ˈmætər əv ðə ˈdɔrsəl dɪd nɑt kənˈteɪn ˈɛni ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən əˈbaʊt fˈjuʧər ˈtreɪnɪŋ səkˈsɛs. priˈdɪkʃən ˈækjərəsi wɑz haɪər ɪn ðə ænˈtɪriər ðən ðə ˌpɔˈstɪrjər hæf əv ðə ˈdɔrsəl. ðə lɪŋk bɪtˈwin ənd ðə ˈsɪgnəl ɪn ðə ˈdɔrsəl ˌriəˈfərmz ðə roʊl əv ðɪs pɑrt əv ðə ˈbeɪsəl ˈgæŋgliə ɪn ˈlərnɪŋ ənd ɪgˈzɛkjətɪv ˈfəŋkʃənz, səʧ ɛz ənd tæsk koʊˌɔrdəˈneɪʃən ˈprɑsɛsəz. ðə əˈbɪləˌti tɪ prɪˈdɪkt hu wɪl ˈbɛnəfɪt frəm ˈtreɪnɪŋ baɪ ˈjuzɪŋ ˈdætə kəˈlɛktəd ɪn ðə ˈərli ˈtreɪnɪŋ feɪz meɪ hæv ˌɪmpləˈkeɪʃənz fər ðə əˈsɛsmənt əv ˈkænədɪts fər spɪˈsɪfɪk ˈtreɪnɪŋ ˈproʊˌgræmz ɛz wɛl ɛz ðə ˈstədi əv ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃənz ðət ʃoʊ dɪˈfɪʃənsiz ɪn ˈlərnɪŋ nu skɪlz. ˈfəndɪŋ: ðɪs wərk wɑz ˈfəndɪd baɪ ðə ˈɔfəs əv ˈneɪvəl ˈrisərʧ (grænt əˈwɔrd ˈnəmbər ðə ˈɔfəs əv ˈneɪvəl ˈrisərʧ hæd noʊ roʊl ɪn ˈstədi dɪˈzaɪn, ˈdætə kəˈlɛkʃən ənd æˈnælɪsɪs, dɪˈsɪʒən tɪ ˈpəblɪʃ, ər ˌprɛpərˈeɪʃən əv ðə ˈmænjəˌskrɪpt. ˈkɑpiˌraɪt: 2011 voʊ ɛt æl. ðɪs ɪz ən ˈɑrtɪkəl dɪˈstrɪbjətəd ˈəndər ðə tərmz əv ðə kriˈeɪtɪv ˈkɑmənz ˌætrɪˈbjuʃən ˈlaɪsəns, wɪʧ ˈpərˌmɪts ˌənriˈstrɪktɪd juz, ˌdɪstrəˈbjuʃən, ənd ˌriprəˈdəkʃən ɪn ˈɛni ˈmidiəm, prəˈvaɪdɪd ðə ərˈɪʤənəl ˈɔθər ənd sɔrs ər ˈkrɛdɪtɪd. wɪθ ə fju ɪkˈsɛpʃənz (e.g*., ðə ˈstədi baɪ ˈɛrɪksən ɛt æl. 6 ˈlərnɪŋ həz soʊ fɑr ˈmoʊstli bɪn ˌɪnˈvɛstəˌgeɪtɪd wɪθ ˈfəŋkʃənəl (fmri*), ˈmeɪkɪŋ juz əv ˈkɑntræsts ɪn ðə dɪˈpɛndənt (boʊld) ˈifɛkt 18 ˈmɛʒərd wɪθ ˈɛkoʊ ˈpleɪnər ˈɪmɪʤɪŋ (epi*), ˈfəŋkʃənəl boʊld ækˈtɪvɪti ɪz əbˈteɪnd baɪ kənˈtræstɪŋ ðə ˈɪmɪʤɪz əv ən ɪkˌspɛrɪˈmɛntəl kənˈdɪʃən əv ˈɪntəˌrɛst wɪθ ðoʊz əv ə ˈbeɪsˌlaɪn kənˈdɪʃən. ðɪs ˈɛmfəˌsaɪzɪz ðə ˈdɪfərənsɪz bɪtˈwin ðə tu kənˈdɪʃənz ənd ɪˈlɪməˌneɪts ðə pɑrt əv ðə boʊld ˈsɪgnəl ðət ðeɪ hæv ɪn ˈkɑmən. hir wi ˈfoʊkɪs ɔn ðə ˈkɑmən pɑrt, wɪʧ wi əbˈteɪn baɪ ˈævrɪʤɪŋ ðə ˈvɑljumz ˈoʊvər taɪm. ðə rɪˈzəlt ɪz ə ˈɪmɪʤ. ənˈlaɪk ðə ˌmægnətəˈzeɪʃən priˈpɛrd ˈræpɪd ˌækwəˈzɪʃən ˈgreɪdiənt ˈɛkoʊ (mprage*) ˈɪmɪʤ, wɪʧ rɪˈflɛkts ðə ˈproʊˌtɑn ˈdɛnsɪti, ðə ˈɪmɪʤ dɪˈpɛndz ˈmoʊstli ɔn ðə mægˈnɛtɪk səˌsɛptəˈbɪləti əv ðə ˈtɪʃu. ˈjuzɪŋ ˈpætərn æˈnælɪsɪs (mvpa*) wi aɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪd ˈpætərnz əv ækˈtɪvɪti ðət prɪˈdɪkt ˈsəbʤɪkts' fˈjuʧər ˌɪmˈpruvmənts ɪn pleɪɪŋ ə ˈkɑmplɛks ˈvɪdioʊ geɪm wɪθ haɪ ˈækjərəsi. ɪn ɑr æˈnælɪsɪs wi ˈfoʊkɪst ɔn ðə ˈdɔrsəl, kənˈsɪstɪŋ əv ðə ˈnukliəs ənd ðə, ənd ɔn ðə ˈnukliəs ɪn ðə ˈvɛntrəl bɪˈkəz əv ðiz ˈstrəkʧərz' ˌɪnˈvɑlvmənt ɪn ˈlərnɪŋ ənd ˌɛksəˈkjuʃən əv ˈkɑmplɛks rɪˈspɑnsɪz. ðə ˈdɔrsəl pleɪz ə roʊl ɪn prəˈsiʤərəl ənd ˈhæbət ˈlərnɪŋ ənd ɪn ˈkɛriɪŋ aʊt ər ˌɪˈnɪʃiˌeɪtɪŋ ˈkɑmplɛks tæsks səʧ ɛz ər tæsks 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 ðə ˈvɛntrəl, ˈtɪpɪkəli rɪˈleɪtɪd tɪ ˌriɪnˈfɔrsmənt ənd ˌmoʊtəˈveɪʃən 8 11 12 ɪz ˈɔlsoʊ rɪˈkrutɪd ˈdʊrɪŋ ˈərli ˈsteɪʤɪz əv ˈlərnɪŋ 13 14 15 boʊθ ðə ˈdɔrsəl ənd ˈvɛntrəl ʃoʊ ˌɪnˈkrist riˈlis ənd ˈbaɪndɪŋ əv ˈdɑpəˌmaɪn, wɪʧ həz bɪn əˈsoʊʃiˌeɪtəd wɪθ ˈbɛtər pərˈfɔrməns ɪn ə ˈvɪdioʊ geɪm 16 ˈfərðərˌmɔr, ən ˌɪnˈkris ɪn ðə ˈfəŋkʃənəl ækˈtɪvɪti ɪn ðə həz bɪn əˈsoʊʃiˌeɪtəd wɪθ ðə ˈtrænsfər əv ˈəpˌdeɪtɪŋ skɪlz ɪn ˈwərkɪŋ ˈmɛməri tæsks, ˈpɑsəbli ˈrɛgjəˌleɪtɪd baɪ ˌmɑʤəˈleɪʃən 17 ˈpipəl ˈvɛri ɪn ðɛr əˈbɪləˌti tɪ ˌɪmˈpruv ˈkɑgnɪtɪv ənd pərˈfɔrməns wɪθ ˈpræktɪs ənd ˈtreɪnɪŋ. ˈkɑgnɪtɪv tɛsts prɪˈdɪkt hu wɪl ˈbɛnəfɪt frəm ˈtreɪnɪŋ 1 2 bət ðeɪ ˈjuʒəwəli əˈkaʊnt fər ˈoʊnli ə smɔl prəˈpɔrʃən əv ðə ˈvɛriəns əˈməŋ ˌɪndəˈvɪʤəwəlz 3 hir wi juz breɪn mægˈnɛtɪk ˈrɛzənəns ˈɪmɪʤɪŋ (mri*) ˈdætə tɪ prɪˈdɪkt ˌɪndəˈvɪʤəwəl ˈlərnɪŋ səkˈsɛs wɪθ ənˈprɛsɪˌdɛntɪd ˈækjərəsi. spəˈsɪfɪkli, wi ʃoʊ ðət ˈpætərnz əv ˈɪmɪʤɪz ɪn ðə ˈdɔrsəl æt ðə stɑrt əv ˈtreɪnɪŋ ɪn ə ˈkɑmplɛks əˈkaʊnt fər mɔr ðən hæf əv ðə ˈvɛriəns ɪn ðə əˈmaʊnt əv ˈsəbsəkwənt ˈlərnɪŋ əˈməŋ ˌɪndəˈvɪʤəwəlz. rɪˈzəlts jəŋ ˈædəlts wɪθ ˈlɪtəl ɪkˈspɪriəns ɪn pleɪɪŋ ˈvɪdioʊ geɪmz wər treɪnd tɪ pleɪ speɪs ˈfɔrtrəs (ˈfɪgjər 1a*), ə ˈkɑmplɛks ˈvɪdioʊ geɪm dɪˈvɛləpt ɛz ə tɛst bɛd tɪ ˈstədi skɪl ˌækwəˈzɪʃən ənd ˈlərnɪŋ 19 20 (si ˈditeɪlz ɪn ðə məˈtɪriəlz ənd ˈmɛθədz ˈsɛkʃən). ˈæftər ən ˌɪˈnɪʃəl ˌɪnˈstrəkʃən ˈsɛʃən tɪ fəˈmɪljərˌaɪz pɑrˈtɪsəpənts wɪθ ðə geɪm kənˈtroʊlz ənd əˈbʤɛktɪvz, ðeɪ pleɪd speɪs ˈfɔrtrəs ˌɪnˈsaɪd ən ˈskænər wɪθ ən ˈʤɔɪˌstɪk. wi rɪˈkɔrdɪd ˌænəˈtɑmɪkəl skænz wɪθ ən ˈsikwəns ɛz wɛl ɛz ˈɪmɪʤɪz wɪθ ə ˈsikwəns. ðə ˈtoʊtəl geɪm skɔr ˈdʊrɪŋ ðɪs fərst ˈsɛʃən ˌɪnˈsaɪd ðə ˈskænər wɑz juzd ɛz ə ˈmɛʒər əv pɑrˈtɪsəpənts' əˈbɪləˌtiz praɪər tɪ ɪkˈstɛnsɪv ˈtreɪnɪŋ. ˈoʊvər ðə kɔrs əv ðə nɛkst θri tɪ eɪt wiks 38 deɪz ɔn ˈævərɪʤ) pɑrˈtɪsəpənts kəmˈplitɪd tɛn ˈtreɪnɪŋ ˈsɛʃənz pleɪɪŋ speɪs ˈfɔrtrəs ˈaʊtˈsaɪd ðə ˈskænər (ˈfɪgjər 1b*). ˈfɑloʊɪŋ ðiz 20 aʊərz əv ˈtreɪnɪŋ, pɑrˈtɪsəpənts ˌəndərˈwɛnt ə ˈsɛkənd ˈsɛʃən aɪˈdɛntɪkəl tɪ ðə fərst. ðə skɔr ˌɪmˈpruvmənt frəm ðə fərst tɪ ðə ˈsɛkənd ˈsɛʃən, i.e*., ðə ˈdɪfərəns bɪtˈwin ðə geɪm skɔrz ɪn ˈsɛʃənz 2 ənd 1 sərvd ɛz ə ˈmɛʒər əv ˌɪndəˈvɪʤəwəl ˈlərnɪŋ səkˈsɛs. noʊt ðət wi ˈoʊnli kənˈsɪdər geɪm pərˈfɔrməns ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə tu skænz ɪn ðɪs ˈpeɪpər, sɪns ðə meɪn ˈfoʊkɪs əv ðə ˈpeɪpər ɪz ɔn prɪˈdɪktɪŋ ˈlərnɪŋ səkˈsɛs frəm ˈɪmɪʤɪŋ ˈdætə. fər ˈditeɪlz əv ðə prəˈgrɛʃən əv ˈtreɪnɪŋ ˈaʊtˈsaɪd ðə ˈskænər si ˈrɛfərəns 21 ˈpaʊərˌpɔɪnt slaɪd ˈpaʊərˌpɔɪnt slaɪd ˈlɑrʤər ˈɪmɪʤ ˈlɑrʤər ˈɪmɪʤ tɪf ərˈɪʤənəl ˈɪmɪʤ ˈdaʊnˌloʊd: ˈfɪgjər 1 speɪs ˈfɔrtrəs geɪm, ɪkˌspɛrɪˈmɛntəl taɪm laɪn ənd floʊ. (ə) skɪˈmætɪk ˈɪnərˌfeɪs əv ðə speɪs ˈfɔrtrəs ˈvɪdioʊ geɪm. ðə əˈbʤɛktɪv əv ðə geɪm ɪz tɪ dɪˈstrɔɪ ðə speɪs ˈfɔrtrəs (ˈjɛloʊ, ˈsɛnər əv ðə dɪˈspleɪ) baɪ ˈʃutɪŋ ˈmɪsəlz æt ɪt frəm ə speɪs ʃɪp (ˈjɛloʊ, ˈkɔrnər), waɪl ˈmuvɪŋ ðə speɪs ʃɪp ˌɪnˈsaɪd ðə ˈhɛksəˌgɑn wɪθ θˈrəstər kəˈmændz tɪ ɪˈveɪd maɪnz (rɛd ˈdaɪmənd) ənd tɪ kəˈlɛkt ˈrisɔrsɪz saɪn). (bi) ˈtaɪmlaɪn əv ðə ɪkˈspɛrəmənt fər ə ˈtɪpɪkəl pɑrˈtɪsəpənt. ˈæftər ˌɪˈnɪʃəl ˌɪnˈstrəkʃənz, pɑrˈtɪsəpənts pleɪd speɪs ˈfɔrtrəs ɪn ðə ˈskænər waɪl ðɛr breɪn ækˈtɪvɪti wɑz rɪˈkɔrdɪd. nɛkst, pɑrˈtɪsəpənts ˌəndərˈwɛnt ə ˈtoʊtəl əv 20 aʊərz əv ˈtreɪnɪŋ, ˈfɑloʊd baɪ ə ˈsɛkənd ˈsɛʃən. wi juzd ðə ˈdɪfərəns ɪn ˈtoʊtəl geɪm skɔr bɪtˈwin ðə tu ˈsɛʃənz (i.e*. ðə skɔr ˌɪmˈpruvmənt) ɛz ə ˈmɛʒər əv ˈlərnɪŋ səkˈsɛs. (si) ˈwərkˌfloʊ: ˈvɑljum ˈsɪriz ˈmɪstər ˈsɛʃən) əv ˈdɪfərənt ˈsəbʤɪkts ər ˈrɛʤɪstərd tɪ ðə ˈkɑmən speɪs speɪs) baɪ ˈlɪniər ənd nɑnˈlɪˌniər ˌrɛʤɪˈstreɪʃən. ˈæftər ˌnɔrməlɪˈzeɪʃən, ˈtɛmpərəl ˈævrɪʤɪz əv ðə ˈvɑljumz ər juzd fər ðə ˈsəbsəkwənt æˈnælɪsɪs. ðə ˈɪmɪʤɪz əkˈwaɪərd fər iʧ pɑrˈtɪsəpənt ˈdʊrɪŋ ˈsɛʃən 1 wər ˈrɛʤɪstərd ˈlɪniərli 7 dɪˈgriz əv ˈfridəm) tɪ ðə ˈvɑljum rɪˈkɔrdɪd ɪn ðə seɪm ˈsɛʃən. nɛkst, ə nɑnˈlɪˌniər ˌtrænsfərˈmeɪʃən wɑz kəmˈpjutɪd frəm ðə ˈvɑljumz tɪ ðə ˈstændərd ˌməntriˈɔl ˌnʊrəˈlɑʤɪkəl ˈɪnstɪˌtut) speɪs. ðə kənˌkætəˈneɪʃən əv ðiz tu ˌtrænsfərˈmeɪʃənz wɑz ðɛn əˈplaɪd tɪ ˈrɛʤɪstər iʧ ˈsəbʤɪkts ˈɪmɪʤɪz ˈɪntu speɪs. ðɪs ˌrɛʤɪˈstreɪʃən wɑz ˈfɑloʊd baɪ ə ˌnɔrməlɪˈzeɪʃən stɛp tɪ əˈkaʊnt fər ˌvɛriˈeɪʃənz əv ˈskænər ˈsɛtɪŋz bɪtˈwin rənz. ðə rɪˈzəltɪŋ ˈvɑljumz wər ˈævrɪʤd ˈoʊvər 16 ˈmɪnəts əv ˈæktɪv geɪm pleɪ ɪn ˈɔrdər tɪ səˈprɛs ˈsɪgnəl ˌvɛriˈeɪʃənz du tɪ ˈfəŋkʃənəl ækˈtɪvɪti ənd ˈəðər ˈsɔrsəz əv nɔɪz. wi ðɛn pərˈfɔrmd tu ˈdɪfərənt taɪps əv (rɔɪ) beɪst æˈnælɪsɪs wɪθ ðɪs ˈævərɪʤ ˈsɪgnəl tɪ prɪˈdɪkt ˈsəbʤɪkts' skɔr ˌɪmˈpruvmənt: ˈspeɪʃəl min ækˈtɪvɪti æˈnælɪsɪs ənd ˈpætərn æˈnælɪsɪs (mvpa*). ənˈlaɪk ðə ˈspeɪʃəl min æˈnælɪsɪs, ˈjutəˌlaɪzɪz ðə dɪˈstrɪbjətəd ˈpætərn əv ækˈtɪvɪti wɪˈθɪn ən rɔɪ. fər ðə ˈspeɪʃəl min ækˈtɪvɪti æˈnælɪsɪs, wi ˈævrɪʤd ðə ˌɪnˈtɛnsɪti əv ɔl ˌɪnˈsaɪd ən ˌænəˈtɑməkli dɪˈfaɪnd ˈriʤən. ɛz ə fərst tɛst, wi dɪˈvaɪdɪd ˈsəbʤɪkts ˈɪntu grups əv gʊd ənd pur ˈlərnərz beɪst ɔn ə ˈmidiən splɪt əv ðɛr skɔr ˌɪmˈpruvmənts. wi faʊnd sɪgˈnɪfɪkəntli haɪər min ækˈtɪvɪti fər gʊd ðən pur ˈlərnərz ɪn ðə ˈdɔrsəl (pi bət nɑt ɪn ðə ˈvɛntrəl (pi ti tɛsts wɪθ 17 tɪ dɪˈtərmən ðə riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪp bɪtˈwin ˈsəbʤɪkts' nuˈmɛrɪkəl skɔr ˌɪmˈpruvmənts ənd min ækˈtɪvɪti wɪˈθɪn ən rɔɪ wi kəmˈpjutɪd ðɛr ˈpɪrsən ˌkɔrəˈleɪʃən. ɪn ðə ˈdɔrsəl, ðə ˌkɔrəˈleɪʃən wɑz sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt (ɑr pi si ˈfɪgjər 2a*), bət əˈgɛn nɑt ɪn ðə ˈvɛntrəl (ɑr ˈpaʊərˌpɔɪnt slaɪd ˈpaʊərˌpɔɪnt slaɪd ˈlɑrʤər ˈɪmɪʤ ˈlɑrʤər ˈɪmɪʤ tɪf ərˈɪʤənəl ˈɪmɪʤ ˈdaʊnˌloʊd: ˈfɪgjər 2 prɪˈdɪktɪŋ skɔr ˌɪmˈpruvmənt frəm ækˈtɪvɪti ɪn ðə ˈdɔrsəl. (ə) ˌkɔrəˈleɪʃən əv ˈmɛʒərd skɔr ˌɪmˈpruvmənt wɪθ ðə ˈspeɪʃəl min əv ðə ˈsɪgnəl ɪn ðə ˈdɔrsəl. min ækˈtɪvɪti əv 34 ˈsəbʤɪkts ɪz sɪgˈnɪfɪkəntli ˈkɔrəˌleɪtəd wɪθ skɔr ˌɪmˈpruvmənt. (bi) ˌkɔrəˈleɪʃən əv ˈmɛʒərd skɔr ˌɪmˈpruvmənts wɪθ skɔr ˌɪmˈpruvmənt prɪˈdɪktɪd frəm ˈpætərnz əv ðə ˈsɪgnəl ɪn ðə ˈdɔrsəl. ɪt ʃoʊz ən ˈivɪn haɪər ˌkɔrəˈleɪʃən ðən ɪn ə). ðə dæʃt laɪnz ʃoʊ ðə bɛst ˈlɪniər fɪts ɪn ˈfɪgjərz ə ənd bi. ˌɔlˈðoʊ æˈnælɪsɪs əv ˈspeɪʃəl min ækˈtɪvɪti kən prɪˈdɪkt skɔr ˌɪmˈpruvmənts tɪ səm ɪkˈstɛnt, ɪt prəˈvaɪdz ˈmɪrli ˈsəməri stəˈtɪstɪks əv ðə ækˈtɪvɪti ɪn ən rɔɪ, ˌɪgˈnɔrɪŋ ˈsətəl ˈdɪfərənsɪz ɪn ækˈtɪvɪti ˈpætərnz. ˌɪnˈdid, ˈæftər səbˈtræktɪŋ aʊt iʧ ˌɪndəˈvɪʤəwəlz ˈævərɪʤ ækˈtɪvɪti, gʊd ənd pur ˈlərnərz ˈdɪfərd ɪn ðə ˈpætərnz əv ækˈtɪvɪti ɪn ðə ˈdɔrsəl (ˈfɪgjər 3 ðə ˈkələr ˈpæʧɪz ɪn ˈfɪgjər 3 səˈʤɛst ə ˈsəbdɪˌvɪʒən əv ðə ˈdɔrsəl ˈrəfli əˈlɔŋ ðə laɪn. ɪn ˈəðər wərdz, gʊd ənd pur ˈlərnərz nɑt ˈoʊnli ˈdɪfər ɪn ðɛr ˈlɛvəl əv min ækˈtɪvɪti ɪn ðə ˈdɔrsəl, bət ˈɔlsoʊ ɪn ðə ˈloʊkəl ækˈtɪvɪti ˈpætərnz wɪˈθɪn ðə ˈdɔrsəl. ðiz ˈdɪfərənsɪz əˈlaʊ ˈjuˈɛs tɪ prɪˈdɪkt ˈlərnɪŋ səkˈsɛs fər ˌɪndəˈvɪʤəwəl pɑrˈtɪsəpənts frəm ðə ˈpætərnz əv ðə ˈtɛmpərəli kəmˈpaʊndɪd ˈɪmɪʤɪz rɪˈkɔrdɪd æt ðə bɪˈgɪnɪŋ əv ˈtreɪnɪŋ wɪθ məʧ haɪər ˈækjərəsi ðən frəm ðə ˈspeɪʃəl min əv ækˈtɪvɪti əˈloʊn. ˈpaʊərˌpɔɪnt slaɪd ˈpaʊərˌpɔɪnt slaɪd ˈlɑrʤər ˈɪmɪʤ ˈlɑrʤər ˈɪmɪʤ tɪf ərˈɪʤənəl ˈɪmɪʤ ˈdaʊnˌloʊd: ˈfɪgjər 3 ˈpætərn əv ˈdɪfərənsɪz bɪtˈwin gʊd ənd pur ˈlərnərz. ˈdɪfərənsɪz ɪn ˌæktəˈveɪʃən ˈpætərnz ɪn ðə ˈdɔrsəl bɪtˈwin gʊd ənd pur ˈlərnərz ˈoʊvərˌleɪd ɔn tɔp əv sɪks ˌænəˈtɑmɪkəl sˈlaɪsɪz wɪθ rɪˈspɛktɪvli, 2 10 18 ənd 26 fər ðɪs ˌvɪʒwələˈzeɪʃən ðə grup əv 34 ˈsəbʤɪkts wɑz splɪt ˈɪntu 17 gʊd ənd 17 pur ˈlərnərz beɪst ɔn ðə ˈmidiən əv skɔr ˌɪmˈpruvmənts ɪn speɪs ˈfɔrtrəs ˈoʊvər ðə kɔrs əv 20 aʊərz əv ˈtreɪnɪŋ. iʧ ˈsəbʤɪkts min ækˈtɪvɪti wɑz səbˈtræktɪd frəm hər ər hɪz ækˈtɪvɪti ɪn ðə ˈdɔrsəl. ðə ækˈtɪvɪti ˈpætərnz wər ðɛn ˈævrɪʤd ˈsɛpərətli fər gʊd ənd pur ˈlərnərz. ðə ˈfɪgjər ʃoʊz ðə ˈdɪfərəns bɪtˈwin ðə ˈævərɪʤ ˈpætərnz əv gʊd ənd pur ˈlərnərz. tɪ ˌɛkˈsplɔɪt ðiz ˈdɪfərənsɪz ɪn ə æˈnælɪsɪs, wi fərst ɪkˈskludɪd ˈdætə frəm wən ˈsəbʤɪkt ənd juzd ækˈtɪvɪti ˈpætərnz əv ðə frəm ðə rɪˈmeɪnɪŋ ˈsəbʤɪkts, təˈgɛðər wɪθ ðɛr skɔr ˌɪmˈpruvmənts, tɪ treɪn ə səˈpɔrt ˈvɛktər rəˈgrɛʃən (svr*) ˈælgərˌɪðəm 22 23 ðə ˈælgərˌɪðəm ðɛn ˈʤɛnərˌeɪtɪd ə priˈdɪkʃən fər ðə pərˈfɔrməns ˌɪmˈpruvmənt əv ðə ɪkˈskludɪd ˈsəbʤɪkt frəm hər ər hɪz ˈpætərn əv ækˈtɪvɪti. ðə prəˈsiʤər wɑz rɪˈpitɪd soʊ ðət iʧ ˈsəbʤɪkt wɑz ɪkˈskludɪd wəns ɪn ə (ˈloʊsoʊ) krɔs ˌvæləˈdeɪʃən prəˈsiʤər, ˈðɛrˈbaɪ ˈʤɛnərˌeɪtɪŋ priˈdɪkʃənz fər iʧ ˈsəbʤɪkt beɪst ɔn ðə pərˈfɔrməns ənd ækˈtɪvɪti ˈpætərnz əv ðə ˈəðər ˈsəbʤɪkts. ˈditeɪlz əˈbaʊt ðə ˈælgərˌɪðəm ənd ðə ˈloʊsoʊ prəˈsiʤər kən bi faʊnd ɪn ðə məˈtɪriəlz ənd ˈmɛθədz ˈsɛkʃən. ðə prɪˈdɪktɪd skɔr ˌɪmˈpruvmənts wər ðɛn ˈkɔrəˌleɪtəd wɪθ ðə ˈækʧəwəl pərˈfɔrməns ˌɪmˈpruvmənts ɪn speɪs ˈfɔrtrəs tɪ dɪˈtərmən ðə priˈdɪkʃən ˈækjərəsi. ˈfɪgjər ʃoʊz ðət ðə priˈdɪkʃənz beɪst ɔn ækˈtɪvɪti ˈpætərnz ɪn ðə ˈdɔrsəl wər ˈhaɪli ˈkɔrəˌleɪtəd wɪθ ðə ˈækʧəwəl ˌɪmˈpruvmənts ðət rɪˈzəltɪd frəm 20 aʊərz əv ˈtreɪnɪŋ (ˈpɪrsən ˌkɔrəˈleɪʃən ˌkoʊəˈfɪʃənt ɑr pi ækˈtɪvɪti ˈpætərnz ˌbiˈfɔr ˈtreɪnɪŋ əˈkaʊntɪd fər mɔr ðən hæf əv ðə ˈvɛriəns əˈməŋ ˌɪndəˈvɪʤəwəlz ɪn haʊ məʧ ðeɪ ˈbɛnəˌfɪtɪd frəm ˈtreɪnɪŋ. ðɪs ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnts ə səbˈstænʃəl ˌɪmˈpruvmənt ɪn priˈdɪkʃən ˈækjərəsi kəmˈpɛrd wɪθ ðə ˈspeɪʃəl min æˈnælɪsɪs ˈoʊvər ðə seɪm ˈriʤənz əv ˈɪntəˌrɛst, wɪʧ ɪkˈspleɪnd lɛs ðən ə kˈwɔrtər əv ðə ˈvɛriəns 22 ɑr ˈfɪgjər 2a*). wɪˈθɪn ðə ˈdɔrsəl, priˈdɪkʃənz beɪst ɔn ðə ˈpætərn əv ækˈtɪvɪti ɪn ðə ˈnukliəs (ɑr pi wər mɔr ˈækjərət ðən ðoʊz beɪst ɔn ækˈtɪvɪti ɪn ðə (ɑr pi ˈfɪgjər 4 wɪθ ə ˈmɑrʤənəli sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt ˈdɪfərəns (pi ˈfərðərˌmɔr, ðə lɛft ˈdɔrsəl (ɑr pi ʃoʊd sɪgˈnɪfɪkəntli haɪər (pi prɪˈdɪktɪv paʊər ðən ðə raɪt ˈdɔrsəl (ɑr pi sɪns ɔl ˈsəbʤɪkts wər raɪˈthændɪd ənd kənˈtroʊld ðə ˈmuvmənts əv ðə speɪs ʃɪp wɪθ ðɛr raɪt hænd, ðɪs meɪ bi rɪˈleɪtɪd tɪ ˈmoʊtər ˈlərnɪŋ ɪn ðə (lɛft) ˈhɛmɪsˌfɪr. ɪn ˈkɑntræst tɪ gʊd priˈdɪkʃənz frəm ðə ˈdɔrsəl, priˈdɪkʃənz beɪst ɔn ækˈtɪvɪti ˈpætərnz ɪn ðə ˈvɛntrəl (ˈnukliəs) wər nɑt ˈkɔrəˌleɪtəd wɪθ ˈmɛʒərd skɔr ˌɪmˈpruvmənts (ɑr ˈpaʊərˌpɔɪnt slaɪd ˈpaʊərˌpɔɪnt slaɪd ˈlɑrʤər ˈɪmɪʤ ˈlɑrʤər ˈɪmɪʤ tɪf ərˈɪʤənəl ˈɪmɪʤ ˈdaʊnˌloʊd: ˈfɪgjər 4 ˈækjərəsi əv prɪˈdɪktɪŋ ˌɪndəˈvɪʤəwəl skɔr ˌɪmˈpruvmənt frəm əv ðə ˈsɪgnəl. ɪn ðə ˈdɔrsəl, ˌkɔrəˈleɪʃən əv prɪˈdɪktɪd ənd ˈmɛʒərd skɔr ˌɪmˈpruvmənt fər 34 ˈsəbʤɪkts wɑz ˈhaɪli sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt. wɪˈθɪn ðə ˈdɔrsəl, ˌkɔrəˈleɪʃən fər ˈpætərn æˈnælɪsɪs wɑz ʤɪst ɛz haɪ ɪn ðə ˈnukliəs, bət loʊər ɪn ðə. priˈdɪkʃənz wər ˈivɪn lɛs ˈækjərət ɪn ðə ˈvɛntrəl (ˈnukliəs). ɪn ðə ˈdɔrsəl, priˈdɪkʃənz wər sɪgˈnɪfɪkəntli mɔr ˈækjərət beɪst ɔn ækˈtɪvɪti ˈpætərnz ɪn ðə lɛft ðən ɪn ðə raɪt ˈhɛmɪsˌfɪr. ðə ˈnukliəs ʃoʊd ˈsɪmələr lateralization*, wɛˈræz ðə dɪd nɑt ʃoʊ strɔŋ lateralization*. ðə skɔr əv ðə speɪs ˈfɔrtrəs geɪm wɑz kəmˈpoʊzd əv fɔr: kənˈtroʊl əv ðə speɪs ʃɪps pəˈzɪʃən; meɪnˈteɪnɪŋ ʃɪp vəˈlɑsəti wɪˈθɪn ə reɪnʤ; spid wɪθ wɪʧ ˈsəbʤɪkts dɪˈskrɪməˌneɪtɪd bɪtˈwin ənd rɪˈspɑndɪd tɪ ˈdɪfərənt taɪps əv maɪnz; ənd pɔɪnts fər səkˈsɛsfəli dɪˈstrɔɪɪŋ ðə ˈfɔrtrəs. wi rɪˈpitɪd ðə æˈnælɪsɪs ˈsɛpərətli fər iʧ əv ðə. ɛz ʃoʊn ɪn ˈfɪgjər 5 ðə spid ʃoʊz ðə seɪm ˈpætərn əv rɪˈzəlts ɛz ðə ˈtoʊtəl skɔr, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ðə haɪ ˌkɔrəˈleɪʃən əv prɪˈdɪktɪd ənd ˈmɛʒərd skɔr ˌɪmˈpruvmənt ɪn ðə lɛft bət nɑt ðə raɪt ˈdɔrsəl, ðə haɪər ˌkɔrəˈleɪʃən ɪn ðə ˈnukliəs ðən ðə, ənd ðə loʊ ˌkɔrəˈleɪʃən ɪn ðə ˈvɛntrəl (ˈnukliəs). ðɪs səˈʤɛsts ðət ˈlərnɪŋ səkˈsɛs wɪθ rɪˈspɛkt tɪ dɪˌskrɪməˈneɪʃən ənd ˈwərkɪŋ ˈmɛməri (ˈnidɪd tɪ aɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪ ə maɪn ɛz ˈfrɛndli ər ˈhɑstəl ənd tɪ riækt tɪ ɪt kˈwɪkli) ɪz bɛst prɪˈdɪktɪd baɪ ækˈtɪvɪti ɪn ðə ˈdɔrsəl. ˌɪmˈpruvmənt ɪn ˈmoʊtər kənˈtroʊl, wɪʧ ɪz rɪˈflɛktɪd ɪn ðə kənˈtroʊl ənd vəˈlɑsəti, ɪz nɑt prɪˈdɪktɪd tɪ ðə seɪm ɪkˈstɛnt baɪ ðə ˈdɔrsəl, ˌɔlˈðoʊ boʊθ əv ðiz ər prɪˈdɪktɪd æt səm ˈlɛvəl baɪ ækˈtɪvɪti ɪn ðə lɛft ˈnukliəs. ˌɪmˈpruvmənts ɪn ðə pɔɪnts ər nɑt prɪˈdɪktɪd baɪ ækˈtɪvɪti ɪn ðə, ɪkˈsɛpt fər ə smɔl bət sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt ˌkɔrəˈleɪʃən əv prɪˈdɪktɪd ənd ˈmɛʒərd skɔr ˌɪmˈpruvmənt ɪn ðə lɛft ˈnukliəs. ˈpaʊərˌpɔɪnt slaɪd ˈpaʊərˌpɔɪnt slaɪd ˈlɑrʤər ˈɪmɪʤ ˈlɑrʤər ˈɪmɪʤ tɪf ərˈɪʤənəl ˈɪmɪʤ ˈdaʊnˌloʊd: ˈfɪgjər 5 ˈækjərəsi əv prɪˈdɪktɪŋ ˌɪmˈpruvmənts ɪn frəm ðə ˈsɪgnəl. (ə) ˌɪmˈpruvmənt ɪn ðə kənˈtroʊl ɪz prɪˈdɪktɪd tɪ ə ˈlɪmɪtɪd ɪkˈstɛnt baɪ ðə ækˈtɪvɪti ɪn ðə lɛft ˈvɛntrəl (ˈnukliəs). (bi) ðə vəˈlɑsəti ʃoʊz smɔl bət sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt ˌkɔrəˈleɪʃənz ɪn ðə lɛft ˈnukliəs ənd ðə lɛft ˈnukliəs. (si) ˌɪmˈpruvmənt ɪn ðə spid ɪz prɪˈdɪktɪd ˈhaɪli sɪgˈnɪfɪkəntli baɪ ækˈtɪvɪti ɪn ðə ˈdɔrsəl, ɪn ˌpɑˈtɪkjələr ðə ˈnukliəs, bət nɑt baɪ ðə ˈvɛntrəl. ˌkɔrəˈleɪʃən əv prɪˈdɪktɪd ənd ˈmɛʒərd skɔr ˌɪmˈpruvmənts ɪz haɪər ɪn ðə lɛft ðən ðə raɪt ˈhɛmɪsˌfɪr. ðɪs ˈpætərn əv rɪˈzəlts ˈmæʧɪz ðət əv ðə ˈtoʊtəl skɔr ʃoʊn ɪn ˈfɪgjər 4 (di) ðə pɔɪnts ʃoʊz noʊ sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt priˈdɪkʃən ɪkˈsɛpt fər ə smɔl bət sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt ˌkɔrəˈleɪʃən əv prɪˈdɪktɪd ənd ˈmɛʒərz skɔr ˌɪmˈpruvmənt ɪn ðə lɛft ˈnukliəs. ˈpriviəsli, breɪn ˈvɑljum wɑz ˌriˈpɔrtəd tɪ prɪˈdɪkt skɔr ˌɪmˈpruvmənt tɪ səm ɪkˈstɛnt 6 ənd ˈvɑljum əv ən ˈɛriə ənd ɪts ˈsɪgnəl meɪ bi rɪˈleɪtɪd. əˈnəðər pəˈtɛnʃəl prɪˈdɪktər fər skɔr ˌɪmˈpruvmənt kʊd bi ðə ˌɪˈnɪʃəl skɔr frəm ðə geɪmz pleɪd ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə fərst ˈsɛʃən. ɔn ðə wən hænd, pɑrˈtɪsəpənts wɪθ haɪ ˌɪˈnɪʃəl skɔrz meɪ ɔˈrɛdi hæv riʧt ˈsilɪŋ pərˈfɔrməns, ʃoʊɪŋ ˈlɪtəl ˈfərðər ˌɪmˈpruvmənt. ɔn ðə ˈəðər hænd, haɪər ˌɪˈnɪʃəl skɔr kʊd ˈɪndəˌkeɪt haɪər ˈkɑgnɪtɪv əˈbɪləˌtiz, ɪˈneɪbəlɪŋ pɑrˈtɪsəpənts tɪ ˈbɛnəfɪt mɔr frəm ɪkˈstɛnsɪv ˈtreɪnɪŋ. tɪ əˈkaʊnt fər ðiz ˈfæktərz, wi juzd ðə ˈvɑljum əv ˈriʤənz ɛz ˌriˈpɔrtəd ɪn 6 ənd ðə ˌɪˈnɪʃəl skɔr ɛz tu əˈdɪʃənəl ɪkˈsplænəˌtɔri ˈvɛriəbəlz (covariates*) əv ˈmɛʒərd skɔr ˌɪmˈpruvmənts, ɪn əˈdɪʃən tɪ ðə skɔr ˌɪmˈpruvmənts prɪˈdɪktɪd baɪ ðə æˈnælɪsɪs. wi juzd ə ˈpɑrʃəl ˌkɔrəˈleɪʃən æˈnælɪsɪs fər iʧ əv ðə θri ɪkˈsplænəˌtɔri ˈvɛriəbəlz tɪ əˈsɛs ðə juˈnik prɪˈdɪktɪv paʊər əv iʧ əv ðɛm ˌɪrəˈspɛktɪv əv ðə ˈəðər tu. ˈteɪbəl 1 ʃoʊz ðə ˌkɔrəˈleɪʃən əv ðə priˈdɪkʃən wɪθ ˈmɛʒərd skɔr ˌɪmˈpruvmənt tɪ bi ˈhaɪli sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt, ˈivɪn ˈæftər riˈmuvɪŋ ðə ˈifɛkts əv ˈvɑljum ənd ˌɪˈnɪʃəl skɔr. noʊt ðət fər ðɪs æˈnælɪsɪs, ˈoʊnli ðoʊz 32 əv ɑr 34 ˈsəbʤɪkts wər juzd fər hum ðə ˈdætə wər əˈveɪləbəl frəm 6 ˈɔlsoʊ, wən maɪt ˈwəndər əˈbaʊt ðə juz əv ˌɪmˈpruvmənt ɪn geɪm skɔr ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə fərst ˈsɛʃən (e.g*., frəm geɪm 1 tɪ geɪm 4 ɛz əˈnəðər prɪˈdɪktər. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, wi faʊnd noʊ sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt ˌkɔrəˈleɪʃən bɪtˈwin ˌɪmˈpruvmənt wɪˈθɪn ðə fərst ˈsɛʃən ənd ðə ˌɪmˈpruvmənt frəm ðə fərst tɪ ðə ˈsɛkənd ˈsɛʃən (ɑr ɪt ɪz ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt tɪ ˈɛmfəˌsaɪz ðət ˌɔlˈðoʊ wi rɪˈkɔrdɪd ðə seɪm kaɪnd əv ˈɪmɪʤɪz ðət ər juzd fər ˈfəŋkʃənəl, ðə ˈvɑljumz ðət wi juzd fər ɑr æˈnælɪsɪs ər ənˈlaɪkli tɪ bi ˈfəŋkʃənəl, bɪˈkəz hir wi kənˈsɪdər ðə pɑrt əv ðə ˈɪmɪʤɪz ðət ɪz ˈkɑmən əˈkrɔs ðə taɪm kɔrs ˈrəðər ðən ˈmɑdəlɪŋ ðə ˈdɪfərənsɪz əv boʊld ækˈtɪvɪti ˈoʊvər ˈdɪfərənt ˈstɪmjələs kənˈdɪʃənz. ˈðɛrˌfɔr, ɑr ˈsɪgnəl ɪz mɔr ˈlaɪkli tɪ ˈkæpʧər ˌɪndəˈvɪʤəwəl ˈdɪfərənsɪz ɪn səm ˈæˌspɛkt əv ər pərˈsɪstənt ˌfɪziˈɑləʤi, səʧ ɛz ˈdɪfərənsɪz ɪn bləd səˈplaɪ tɪ ðə ˈdɔrsəl ər ðə aɪərn ˌkɑnsənˈtreɪʃən ɪn ðɪs ˈriʤən. ðɪs vju ɪz ˈfərðər səˈpɔrtɪd baɪ ðə ˌɑbzərˈveɪʃən ðət ɪt ɪz nɑt ˈnɛsəˌsɛri tɪ juz ðə ˈɪmɪʤɪz rɪˈkɔrdɪd ˈdʊrɪŋ ˈæktɪv geɪm pleɪ. wi əbˈteɪnd ˈɔlˌmoʊst aɪˈdɛntɪkəl ˈækjərəsiz əv prɪˈdɪktɪŋ skɔr ˌɪmˈpruvmənt ɪn speɪs ˈfɔrtrəs wɪn wi juz ˈɪmɪʤɪz frəm blɑks wɪθ ən əˈkustɪk ˈɑdˌbɔl tæsk (ɑr pi ər frəm blɑks əv ˈpæsɪvli ˈwɑʧɪŋ speɪs ˈfɔrtrəs geɪmz (ɑr pi ˈkɑntræst ɪn ˈmɪstər ˈɪmɪʤɪz kən bi əbˈteɪnd beɪst ɔn ðə trænzˈvərs ˌrilækˈseɪʃən taɪm (ər ɪn ðə keɪs əv fild inhomogeneity*) ər ðə ˌlɑnʤəˈtudənəl ˌrilækˈseɪʃən taɪm, ðiz tu ˈkɑntræsts ər dɪˈtərmənd baɪ ˌɪnˈtrɪnsɪk ˈprɑpərtiz əv ðə ˈtɪʃuz. ɪn fækt, ˈdɪfərənt ənd (ər ˈvæljuz hɛlp tɪ ˌdɪfərˈɛnʧiˌeɪt waɪt ənd greɪ ˈmætər ɪn ˌænəˈtɑmɪkəl ˈɪmɪʤɪz. tɪ tɛst ɪf wi kən prɪˈdɪkt skɔr ˌɪmˈpruvmənt ʤɪst ɛz wɛl beɪst ɔn ɛz ˈɪmɪʤɪz, wi ðə ˈɪmɪʤɪz ðət wər əkˈwaɪərd ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə fərst ˈskænɪŋ ˈsɛʃənz tɪ ðə seɪm ˌrɛzəˈluʃən ɛz ðə ˈɪmɪʤɪz mm*) ənd pərˈfɔrmd ðə æˈnælɪsɪs ɛz dɪˈskraɪbd əˈbəv. ˌkɔrəˈleɪʃən əv prɪˈdɪktɪd skɔr ˌɪmˈpruvmənts wɪθ ˈmɛʒərd skɔr ˌɪmˈpruvmənt wɑz sɪgˈnɪfɪkəntli loʊər fər ðən ˈɪmɪʤɪz (pi ˌɔlˈðoʊ æt ɪt wɑz stɪl sɪgˈnɪfɪkəntli əˈbəv ˈziroʊ (pi ˈfɪgjər 6 ðə haɪər priˈdɪkʃən ˈækjərəsi ɪn kəmˈpɛrd tɪ ˈɪmɪʤɪz maɪt hɪnt æt ðə ˌɪmˈpɔrtəns əv mægˈnɛtɪk səˌsɛptəˈbɪləti əv ðə ˈtɪʃu, wɪʧ əˈfɛkts bət nɑt wən ˈpɑsəbəl sɔrs əv səˌsɛptəˈbɪləti ˌvɛriˈeɪʃənz kʊd bi aɪərn ɪn ðə ˈtɪʃuz, fər ˈɪnstəns ɪn səˈplaɪd bləd 24 ˈpaʊərˌpɔɪnt slaɪd ˈpaʊərˌpɔɪnt slaɪd ˈlɑrʤər ˈɪmɪʤ ˈlɑrʤər ˈɪmɪʤ tɪf ərˈɪʤənəl ˈɪmɪʤ ˈdaʊnˌloʊd: ˈfɪgjər 6 kəmˈpɛrəsən əv priˈdɪkʃən ˈækjərəsi fər ˈvɛriəs ˈsɪgnəl ˈsɔrsəz. priˈdɪkʃənz beɪst ɔn ˈpætərnz əv ˈɪmɪʤɪz (mprage*) ɪn ðə ˈdɔrsəl wər sɪgˈnɪfɪkəntli lɛs ˈækjərət ðən ðoʊz beɪst ɔn ˈɪmɪʤɪz (epi*). ˈloʊˌkeɪtəd ɪn waɪt ˈmætər əˈlaʊd fər məʧ ˈbɛtər priˈdɪkʃənz ðən ðoʊz ɪn greɪ ˈmætər wɪˈθɪn ðə ˈdɔrsəl. ˈfaɪnəli, dɪˈkoʊdɪŋ wɑz sɪgˈnɪfɪkəntli ˈbɛtər frəm ðə ænˈtɪriər ðən ðə ˌpɔˈstɪrjər hæf əv ðə lɛft ˈdɔrsəl. ˈɛrər bɑrz ˈɪndəˌkeɪt ðə 95 ˈkɑnfədɛns ˈɪntərvəl fər ðə ˈpɪrsən ˌkɔrəˈleɪʃən ˌkoʊəˈfɪʃənts. boʊθ waɪt ənd greɪ ˈmætər kənˈteɪn bləd ˈvɛsəlz. ɪn ðə waɪt ˈmætər, ˈkæpəˌlɛriz ər ɛmˈbɛdɪd ɪn ðə ˈmaɪɪlɪn əv ˈækˌsɑnz ðət ˈprɑʤɛkt ˈoʊvər ˈrɛlətɪvli lɔŋ ˈdɪstənsɪz. ɪn ðə greɪ ˈmætər, ˈvɛsəlz səˈplaɪ ˈmoʊstli ðə ənd əv ˈnʊrɑnz. dɪˈtərmənɪŋ wɪʧ ˈtɪʃu kənˈtrɪbjuts mɔr tɪ ðə ˈpætərnz ðət lɛt ˈjuˈɛs prɪˈdɪkt ˌɪndəˈvɪʤəwəl ˈlərnɪŋ səkˈsɛs kʊd ɪˈlusəˌdeɪt ðə ˌænəˈtɑmɪkəl ˌfɪziəˈlɑʤɪkəl fəˈnɑmənə ˌəndərˈlaɪɪŋ ɑr ˈifɛkts. wi juzd fæst ˌɔtəˈmætɪk ˌsɛgmənˈteɪʃən tul tɪ ˈsɛpərˌeɪt waɪt frəm greɪ ˈmætər ɪn ðə ˈɪmɪʤ əv iʧ ˌɪndəˈvɪʤəwəl. wi ðɛn pərˈfɔrmd ðə ˈloʊsoʊ krɔs ˌvæləˈdeɪʃən æˈnælɪsɪs ˈsɛpərətli ɔn ðə waɪt ˈmætər ənd ɔn ðə greɪ ˈmætər (ˈfɪgjər 6 ˌkɔrəˈleɪʃən əv prɪˈdɪktɪd wɪθ əbˈzərvd skɔr ˌɪmˈpruvmənt wɑz sɪgˈnɪfɪkəntli haɪər (pi ɪn ðə waɪt ˈmætər (ɑr pi ðən ɪn ðə greɪ ˈmætər (ɑr ðɪs səˈʤɛsts ðət ðə ˈlɔŋˈreɪnʤ, kəˈnɛkʃənz ɪn ðə waɪt ˈmætər ər ˈkrɪtɪkəl fər ɑr əˈbɪləˌti tɪ prɪˈdɪkt skɔr ˌɪmˈpruvmənt ɪn speɪs ˈfɔrtrəs. ɪn ˈfɪgjər 3 wi hæd ˈnoʊtɪd ən əˈpɛrənt ˌɔrgənəˈzeɪʃən əv ðə ˈdɔrsəl beɪst ɔn ðə ˈdɪfərəns ɪn ækˈtɪvɪti ˈpætərnz bɪtˈwin gʊd ənd pur ˈlərnərz. tɪ ˌɪnˈvɛstəˌgeɪt ðɪs ˌɔrgənəˈzeɪʃən ˈfərðər, wi splɪt ðə lɛft ˈdɔrsəl ɪn iʧ pɑrˈtɪsəpənt wɪθ ə kərˈoʊnəl pleɪn səʧ ðət əˈprɑksəmətli ˈikwəl ˈnəmbərz əv wər ænˈtɪriər ɛz ˌpɔˈstɪrjər əv ðə dɪˈvɪʒən. wi ðɛn rɪˈpitɪd ðə ˈloʊsoʊ krɔs ˌvæləˈdeɪʃən æˈnælɪsɪs ˈsɛpərətli fər ðə ænˈtɪriər ənd ðə ˌpɔˈstɪrjər hæf. priˈdɪkʃən ˈækjərəsi wɑz sɪgˈnɪfɪkəntli haɪər (pi frəm ðə ænˈtɪriər (ɑr pi ðən ðə ˌpɔˈstɪrjər (ɑr pi hæf əv ðə lɛft ˈdɔrsəl (ˈfɪgjər 6 əˈkaʊnɪŋ fər 68 əv ðə ˈvɛriəns əˈməŋ ˌɪndəˈvɪʤəwəlz. ðɪs rɪˈzəlt səbˈstænʧiˌeɪts ðə kˈwɑləˌteɪtɪv ˌɑbzərˈveɪʃən ɪn ˈfɪgjər 3 wɪθ ə kˈwɑntɪˌteɪtɪv ˈdɪfərəns bɪtˈwin ænˈtɪriər ənd ˌpɔˈstɪrjər pɑrts əv ðə ˈdɔrsəl.
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performance in most complex cognitive and psychomotor tasks improves with training, yet the extent of improvement varies among individuals. is it possible to forecast the benefit that a person might reap from training? several behavioral measures have been used to predict individual differences in task improvement, but their predictive power is limited. here we show that individual differences in patterns of time-averaged t2*-weighted mri images in the dorsal striatum recorded at the initial stage of training predict subsequent learning success in a complex video game with high accuracy. these predictions explained more than half of the variance in learning success among individuals, suggesting that individual differences in neuroanatomy or persistent physiology predict whether and to what extent people will benefit from training in a complex task. surprisingly, predictions from white matter were highly accurate, while voxels in the gray matter of the dorsal striatum did not contain any information about future training success. prediction accuracy was higher in the anterior than the posterior half of the dorsal striatum. the link between trainability and the time-averaged t2*-weighted signal in the dorsal striatum reaffirms the role of this part of the basal ganglia in learning and executive functions, such as task-switching and task coordination processes. the ability to predict who will benefit from training by using neuroimaging data collected in the early training phase may have implications for the assessment of candidates for specific training programs as well as the study of populations that show deficiencies in learning new skills.
funding: this work was funded by the office of naval research (grant award number n00014-07-1-0903). the office of naval research had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
copyright: © 2011 vo et al. this is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the creative commons attribution license, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
with a few exceptions (e.g., the volumetric study by erickson et al. [6] ), learning has so far mostly been investigated with functional mri (fmri), making use of contrasts in the blood-oxygen-level dependent (bold) effect [18] . measured with gradient-echo echo planar imaging (epi), functional bold activity is obtained by contrasting the epi images of an experimental condition of interest with those of a baseline condition. this emphasizes the differences between the two conditions and eliminates the part of the bold signal that they have in common. here we focus on the common part, which we obtain by averaging the epi volumes over time. the result is a time-averaged t2*-weighted image. unlike the t1-weighted magnetization prepared rapid acquisition gradient echo (mprage) image, which reflects the tissue's proton density, the t2*-weighted image depends mostly on the magnetic susceptibility of the tissue. using multi-voxel pattern analysis (mvpa) we identified patterns of time-averaged t2*-weighted activity that predict subjects' future improvements in playing a complex video game with high accuracy.
in our analysis we focused on the dorsal striatum, consisting of the caudate nucleus and the putamen, and on the nucleus accumbens in the ventral striatum because of these structures' involvement in learning and execution of complex responses. the dorsal striatum plays a role in procedural and habit learning and in carrying out or initiating complex goal-directed tasks such as task-switching or reaction-time tasks [4] , [5] , [6] , [7] , [8] , [9] , [10] . the ventral striatum, typically related to reinforcement and motivation [8] , [11] , [12] , is also recruited during early stages of learning [13] , [14] , [15] . both the dorsal and ventral striatum show increased release and binding of dopamine, which has been associated with better performance in a video game [16] . furthermore, an increase in the functional activity in the striatum has been associated with the transfer of updating skills in working memory tasks, possibly regulated by dopaminergic modulation [17] .
people vary in their ability to improve cognitive and psychomotor performance with practice and training. cognitive tests predict who will benefit from training [1] , [2] , but they usually account for only a small proportion of the variance among individuals [3] . here we use brain magnetic resonance imaging (mri) data to predict individual learning success with unprecedented accuracy. specifically, we show that patterns of time-averaged t2*-weighted images in the dorsal striatum at the start of training in a complex video-game account for more than half of the variance in the amount of subsequent learning among individuals.
results
thirty-four young adults with little experience in playing video games were trained to play space fortress (figure 1a), a complex video game developed as a test bed to study skill acquisition and learning [19], [20] (see details in the materials and methods section). after an initial instruction session to familiarize participants with the game controls and objectives, they played space fortress inside an mri scanner with an mr-compatible joystick. we recorded high-resolution anatomical t1-weighted mri scans with an mprage sequence as well as t2*-weighted images with a gradient-echo epi sequence. the total game score during this first session inside the scanner was used as a measure of participants' abilities prior to extensive training. over the course of the next three to eight weeks (38 days on average) participants completed ten two-hour training sessions playing space fortress outside the scanner (figure 1b). following these 20 hours of training, participants underwent a second mri session identical to the first. the score improvement from the first to the second mri session, i.e., the difference between the game scores in mri sessions 2 and 1, served as a measure of individual learning success. note that we only consider game performance during the two mri scans in this paper, since the main focus of the paper is on predicting learning success from imaging data. for details of the progression of training outside the scanner see reference [21].
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larger image tiff original image download: figure 1. space fortress game, experimental time line and pre-processing flow. (a) schematic interface of the space fortress video game. the objective of the game is to destroy the space fortress (yellow, center of the display) by shooting missiles at it from a space ship (yellow, upper-left corner), while moving the space ship inside the hexagon with thruster commands to evade mines (red diamond) and to collect resources (‘$’ sign). (b) timeline of the experiment for a typical participant. after initial instructions, participants played space fortress in the mri scanner while their brain activity was recorded. next, participants underwent a total of 20 hours of training, followed by a second mri session. we used the difference in total game score between the two mri sessions (i.e. the score improvement) as a measure of learning success. (c) mri preprocessing workflow: epi volume series (1st mr session) of different subjects are registered to the common space (mni space) by linear and non-linear registration. after normalization, temporal averages of the epi volumes are used for the subsequent analysis. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0016093.g001
the t2*-weighted images acquired for each participant during mri session 1 were registered linearly (7 degrees of freedom) to the t1 volume recorded in the same session. next, a non-linear transformation was computed from the high-resolution t1 volumes to the standard montreal neurological institute (mni) space. the concatenation of these two transformations was then applied to register each subject's t2*-weighted images into mni space. this registration was followed by a normalization step to account for variations of scanner settings between runs. the resulting t2* volumes were averaged over 16 minutes of active game play in order to suppress signal variations due to functional activity and other sources of noise. we then performed two different types of region-of-interest (roi) based analysis with this average t2* signal to predict subjects' score improvement: spatial mean activity analysis and multi-voxel pattern analysis (mvpa). unlike the spatial mean analysis, mvpa utilizes the distributed pattern of voxel activity within an roi.
for the spatial mean activity analysis, we averaged the intensity of all voxels inside an anatomically defined region. as a first test, we divided subjects into groups of good and poor learners based on a median split of their score improvements. we found significantly higher mean activity for good than poor learners in the dorsal striatum (p = 0.011), but not in the ventral striatum (p = 0.75, two-sample t tests with n1 = n2 = 17). to determine the relationship between subjects' numerical score improvements and mean activity within an roi we computed their pearson correlation. in the dorsal striatum, the correlation was significant (r = 0.47, p = 0.0053; see figure 2a), but again not in the ventral striatum (r = −0.09).
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larger image tiff original image download: figure 2. predicting score improvement from mri activity in the dorsal striatum. (a) correlation of measured score improvement with the spatial mean of the time-averaged t2*-weighted signal in the dorsal striatum. mean activity of 34 subjects is significantly correlated with score improvement. (b) correlation of measured score improvements with score improvement predicted from multi-voxel patterns of the t2*-weighted signal in the dorsal striatum. it shows an even higher correlation than in a). the dashed lines show the least-squares best linear fits in figures a and b. **p<0.01, ***p<0.001. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0016093.g002
although analysis of spatial mean activity can predict score improvements to some extent, it provides merely summary statistics of the activity in an roi, ignoring subtle differences in activity patterns. indeed, after subtracting out each individual's average activity, good and poor learners differed in the multi-voxel patterns of time-averaged t2* activity in the dorsal striatum (figure 3). the color patches in figure 3 suggest a subdivision of the dorsal striatum roughly along the anterior-posterior line. in other words, good and poor learners not only differ in their level of mean activity in the dorsal striatum, but also in the local activity patterns within the dorsal striatum. these differences allow us to predict learning success for individual participants from the patterns of the temporally compounded epi images recorded at the beginning of training with much higher accuracy than from the spatial mean of activity alone.
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larger image tiff original image download: figure 3. pattern of differences between good and poor learners. differences in activation patterns in the dorsal striatum between good and poor learners overlaid on top of six anatomical slices with z-coordinates respectively, −14, −6, 2, 10, 18, and 26. for this visualization the group of 34 subjects was split into 17 good and 17 poor learners based on the median of score improvements in space fortress over the course of 20 hours of training. each subject's mean activity was subtracted from her or his activity in the dorsal striatum. the activity patterns were then averaged separately for good and poor learners. the figure shows the difference between the average patterns of good and poor learners. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0016093.g003
to exploit these differences in a multivariate analysis, we first excluded data from one subject and used activity patterns of the voxels from the remaining subjects, together with their score improvements, to train a support vector regression (svr) algorithm [22], [23]. the algorithm then generated a prediction for the performance improvement of the excluded subject from her or his pattern of time-averaged t2*-weighted activity. the procedure was repeated so that each subject was excluded once in a leave-one-subject-out (loso) cross validation procedure, thereby generating predictions for each subject based on the performance and activity patterns of the other subjects. details about the svr algorithm and the loso procedure can be found in the materials and methods section.
the algorithmically predicted score improvements were then correlated with the actual performance improvements in space fortress to determine the prediction accuracy. figure 2b shows that the predictions based on pre-training activity patterns in the dorsal striatum were highly correlated with the actual improvements that resulted from 20 hours of training (pearson correlation coefficient r = 0.74, p = 6.1·10−7). activity patterns before training accounted for more than half of the variance (r2 = 0.55) among individuals in how much they benefited from training. this represents a substantial improvement in prediction accuracy compared with the spatial mean analysis over the same regions of interest, which explained less than a quarter of the variance (22%; r = 0.47; figure 2a).
within the dorsal striatum, predictions based on the pattern of activity in the caudate nucleus (r = 0.77, p = 1.3·10−7) were more accurate than those based on activity in the putamen (r = 0.47, p = 0.0046; figure 4), with a marginally significant difference (p = 0.051). furthermore, the left dorsal striatum (r = 0.80, p = 1.0·10−8) showed significantly higher (p = 0.0037) predictive power than the right dorsal striatum (r = 0.36, p = 0.039). since all subjects were right-handed and controlled the movements of the space ship with their right hand, this may be related to motor learning in the contralateral (left) hemisphere. in contrast to good predictions from the dorsal striatum, predictions based on activity patterns in the ventral striatum (nucleus accumbens) were not correlated with measured score improvements (r = 0.08).
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larger image tiff original image download: figure 4. accuracy of predicting individual score improvement from mvpa of the time-averaged t2*-weighted signal. in the dorsal striatum, correlation of predicted and measured score improvement for 34 subjects was highly significant. within the dorsal striatum, correlation for pattern analysis was just as high in the caudate nucleus, but lower in the putamen. predictions were even less accurate in the ventral striatum (nucleus accumbens). in the dorsal striatum, predictions were significantly more accurate based on activity patterns in the left than in the right hemisphere. the caudate nucleus showed similar lateralization, whereas the putamen did not show strong lateralization. †p = 0.051, *p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0016093.g004
the score of the space fortress game was composed of four sub-scores: control of the space ship's position; maintaining ship velocity within a predefined range; speed with which subjects discriminated between and responded to different types of mines; and points for successfully destroying the fortress. we repeated the svr analysis separately for each of the sub-scores. as shown in figure 5, the speed sub-score shows the same pattern of results as the total score, including the high correlation of predicted and measured score improvement in the left but not the right dorsal striatum, the higher correlation in the caudate nucleus than the putamen, and the low correlation in the ventral striatum (nucleus accumbens). this suggests that learning success with respect to discrimination and working memory (needed to identify a mine as friendly or hostile and to react to it quickly) is best predicted by time-averaged t2* activity in the dorsal striatum. improvement in motor control, which is reflected in the control and velocity sub-scores, is not predicted to the same extent by the dorsal striatum, although both of these sub-scores are predicted at some level by t2* activity in the left nucleus accumbens. improvements in the points sub-score are not predicted by activity in the striatum, except for a small but significant correlation of predicted and measured score improvement in the left caudate nucleus.
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larger image tiff original image download: figure 5. accuracy of predicting improvements in sub-scores from the time-averaged t2*-weighted signal. (a) improvement in the control sub-score is predicted to a limited extent by the time-averaged t2* activity in the left ventral striatum (nucleus accumbens). (b) the velocity sub-score shows small but significant correlations in the left caudate nucleus and the left nucleus accumbens. (c) improvement in the speed sub-score is predicted highly significantly by time-averaged t2*-weighted activity in the dorsal striatum, in particular the caudate nucleus, but not by the ventral striatum. correlation of predicted and measured score improvements is higher in the left than the right hemisphere. this pattern of results matches that of the total score shown in figure 4. (d) the points sub-score shows no significant prediction except for a small but significant correlation of predicted and measures score improvement in the left caudate nucleus. *p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0016093.g005
previously, striatal brain volume was reported to predict score improvement to some extent [6], and volume of an area and its time-averaged t2* signal may be related. another potential predictor for score improvement could be the initial score from the games played during the first mri session. on the one hand, participants with high initial scores may already have reached ceiling performance, showing little further improvement. on the other hand, higher initial score could indicate higher cognitive abilities, enabling participants to benefit more from extensive training. to account for these factors, we used the volume of regions as reported in [6] and the initial score as two additional explanatory variables (covariates) of measured score improvements, in addition to the score improvements predicted by the svr analysis. we used a second-order partial correlation analysis for each of the three explanatory variables to assess the unique predictive power of each of them irrespective of the other two. table 1 shows the correlation of the svr prediction with measured score improvement to be highly significant, even after removing the effects of striatal volume and initial score. note that for this analysis, only those 32 of our 34 subjects were used for whom the volumetric data were available from [6]. also, one might wonder about the use of improvement in game score during the first mri session (e.g., from game 1 to game 4) as another predictor. however, we found no significant correlation between improvement within the first mri session and the improvement from the first to the second mri session (r = −0.17).
it is important to emphasize that although we recorded the same kind of t2*-weighted epi images that are used for functional mri, the time-averaged epi volumes that we used for our mvpa analysis are unlikely to be functional, because here we consider the part of the epi images that is common across the time course rather than modeling the differences of bold activity over different stimulus conditions. therefore, our signal is more likely to capture individual differences in some aspect of neuroanatomy or persistent physiology, such as differences in blood supply to the dorsal striatum or the iron concentration in this region. this view is further supported by the observation that it is not necessary to use the epi images recorded during active game play. we obtained almost identical accuracies of predicting score improvement in space fortress when we use epi images from blocks with an acoustic oddball task (r = 0.75, p = 2.9·10−7) or from blocks of passively watching space fortress games (r = 0.74, p = 5.6·10−7).
contrast in mr images can be obtained based on the transverse relaxation time t2 (or t2* in the case of field inhomogeneity) or the longitudinal relaxation time, t1. these two contrasts are determined by intrinsic properties of the imaged tissues. in fact, different t1 and t2 (or t2*) values help to differentiate white and gray matter in anatomical images. to test if we can predict score improvement just as well based on t1-weighted as t2*-weighted images, we subsampled the mprage images that were acquired during the first scanning sessions to the same resolution as the epi images (3.4375 mm×3.4375 mm×4 mm) and performed the mvpa analysis as described above. correlation of predicted score improvements with measured score improvement was significantly lower for t1-weighted than t2*-weighted images (p = 0.031), although at 0.38 it was still significantly above zero (p = 0.027; figure 6). the higher prediction accuracy in t2* compared to t1 images might hint at the importance of magnetic susceptibility of the tissue, which affects t2* but not t1. one possible source of susceptibility variations could be iron in the tissues, for instance in supplied blood [24].
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larger image tiff original image download: figure 6. comparison of prediction accuracy for various signal sources. predictions based on patterns of t1-weighted images (mprage) in the dorsal striatum were significantly less accurate than those based on time-averaged t2*-weighted images (epi). voxels located in white matter allowed for much better predictions than those in gray matter within the dorsal striatum. finally, decoding was significantly better from the anterior than the posterior half of the left dorsal striatum. error bars indicate the 95% confidence interval for the pearson correlation coefficients. *p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0016093.g006
both white and gray matter contain blood vessels. in the white matter, capillaries are embedded in the myelin sheaths of axons that project over relatively long distances. in the gray matter, vessels supply mostly the somas and dendrites of neurons. determining which tissue contributes more to the patterns that let us predict individual learning success could elucidate the anatomical and/or physiological phenomena underlying our effects. we used fsl's fast automatic segmentation tool to separate white from gray matter in the t1 image of each individual. we then performed the loso cross validation analysis separately on the white matter and on the gray matter voxels (figure 6). correlation of predicted with observed score improvement was significantly higher (p = 0.0026) in the white matter (r = 0.65, p = 2.8·10−5) than in the gray matter (r = 0.02). this suggests that the long-range, myelinated connections in the white matter are critical for our ability to predict score improvement in space fortress.
in figure 3 we had noted an apparent anterior/posterior organization of the dorsal striatum based on the difference in activity patterns between good and poor learners. to investigate this organization further, we split the left dorsal striatum in each participant with a coronal plane such that approximately equal numbers of voxels were anterior as posterior of the division. we then repeated the loso cross validation analysis separately for the anterior and the posterior half. prediction accuracy was significantly higher (p = 0.0024) from the anterior (r = 0.82, p = 2.4·10−9) than the posterior (r = 0.38, p = 0.028) half of the left dorsal striatum (figure 6), accounting for 68% of the variance among individuals. this result substantiates the qualitative observation in figure 3 with a quantitative difference between anterior and posterior parts of the dorsal striatum.
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ə kɔrt əv əˈpil həz ˈɔrdərd ðə ˈpaɪrət beɪ ənd ˈstrimɪŋ ˈpɔrtəl tɪ bi blɑkt baɪ ən ɪn sˈwidən. ðə ˈlændˌmɑrk ˈrulɪŋ, ɪn ˈfeɪvər əv ˌjunəˈvərsəl mˈjuzɪk, ˈsoʊni mˈjuzɪk, ˈwɔrnər mˈjuzɪk, ənd ðə sˈwidɪʃ fɪlm ˈɪndəstri, wɪl si ˈloʊkəl fɔrst tɪ blɑk ðə saɪts fər ðə nɛkst θri jɪrz. ɪn 2014 ˌjunəˈvərsəl mˈjuzɪk, ˈsoʊni mˈjuzɪk, ˈwɔrnər mˈjuzɪk, ˈnɔrˌdɪsk fɪlm ənd ðə sˈwidɪʃ fɪlm ˈɪndəstri timd əp ɪn ə ˈlɔˌsut dɪˈzaɪnd tɪ fɔrs sˈwidɪʃ (ˈbrɔdˌbænd ˈkəmpəˌni) tɪ blɑk ðə ˈpaɪrət beɪ ənd ˈstrimɪŋ ˈpɔrtəl. ɪn ə muv ðət wɑz tɪ ərk ðə, ðə ˈɑrgjud ðət ʃʊd bi hɛld ˈlaɪəbəl fər ðə ˌɪnˈfrɪnʤmənts əv ðə ‘‘pirate’*’ saɪts, ɪf ɪt rɪfˈjuzd tɪ blɑk ðɛm. ɪn rɪˈspɑns, dəg ɪn ɪts hilz waɪl ˌɪnˈsɪstɪŋ ðət ɪts ˈoʊnli roʊl ɪz tɪ prəˈvaɪd səbˈskraɪbərz wɪθ ənˈfɛtərd ˈækˌsɛs tɪ ðə ˈɪntərˌnɛt. ðə əˈphoʊldɪŋ (ər ˈəðərˌwaɪz) əv ðɪs ˈkɑnsɛpt wʊd bi ə ˈlændˌmɑrk ˈmoʊmənt fər ɔl sˈwidɪʃ. ðə keɪs wɛnt tɪ traɪəl æt ðə ˈstɑˌkhoʊlm ˈdɪstrɪkt kɔrt ˈdʊrɪŋ ɑkˈtoʊbər 2015 kənˈsɪdərɪŋ ðə ˈaʊtˌkəmz əv ˈsɪmələr ˈkeɪsɪz əˈgɛnst ˈɛlsˌwɛr ɪn ˈjʊrəp, wɑz ɪkˈspɛktɪd tɪ luz. ˌɪnˈstɛd, ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ðə wən ɪts keɪs, wɪθ ðə ˈdɪstrɪkt kɔrt ˈrulɪŋ ðət wɪn fəˈsɪləˌteɪtɪd ˈækˌsɛs tɪ ðə ˈpaɪrət beɪ, ðət dɪd nɑt əˈmaʊnt tɪ pɑrˌtɪsəˈpeɪʃən ɪn ə kraɪm ˈəndər sˈwidɪʃ lɔ. sun ˈæftər, ðə dɪˈfitɪd faɪld ən əˈpil. ðə keɪs wɑz hərd əˈgɛn læst sɛpˈtɛmbər, ˈrənɪŋ fər ˈsɛvərəl deɪz æt ðə brænd nu ˈpætənt ənd ˈmɑrkɪt kɔrt əv əˈpil. təˈdeɪ ðə kɔrt meɪd ɪts dɪˈsɪʒən ənd bæd nuz fər ðə ənd baɪ ɪkˈstɛnʃən ˈəðər ənd ðɛr kəˈlɛktɪv ˈkəstəmərz. ɪn ə ˈrulɪŋ ˈhændɪd daʊn ˈmɪnəts əˈgoʊ, ðə kɔrt ˌoʊvərˈruld ðə ˈərliər ˈrulɪŋ əv ðə ˈdɪstrɪkt kɔrt ənd ˈɔrdərd tɪ ˈɪmpləmənt measures”*” tɪ prɪˈvɛnt ɪts ˈkəstəmərz ˈækˌsɛsɪŋ ðə ‘‘pirate’*’ saɪts θru ə ˈnəmbər əv doʊˈmeɪn neɪmz ənd urls*. ðə kɔrt faʊnd ðət ˈəndər lɔ ɪt ɪz ˈpɑsəbəl fər ˈkɑpiˌraɪt ˈhoʊldərz tɪ əbˈteɪn ən ˌɪnˈʤəŋʃən əˈgɛnst huz ˈsərvɪsɪz ər juzd tɪ kəˈmɪt ˈkɑpiˌraɪt ˌɪnˈfrɪnʤmənt, ˈivɪn ɪf ðə ˈoʊnli prəˈvaɪdz ɪts ˈkəstəmərz wɪθ ˈækˌsɛs. ɪt faʊnd ðət ðə sˈwidɪʃ ˈkɑpiˌraɪt ækt ʃʊd bi ˌɪnˈtərprətəd ðə laɪt əv law.”*.” ðə kɔrt ˈɔlsoʊ kənˈsɪdərd ˈwɛðər səʧ ə ˈblɑkɪŋ ˌɪnˈʤəŋʃən wʊd bi prəˈpɔrʃənəl. ɪn ðɪs rɪˈspɛkt, ɪt faʊnd ðət sɪns ðə ˈkɑntɛnt biɪŋ meɪd əˈveɪləbəl ˈviə ðə ˈpaɪrət beɪ ənd ɪz praɪˈmɛrəli ˈkɑpiˌraɪt prəˈtɛktɪd ənd dɪˈstrɪbjətəd ˌɪˈligəli, ðɛn ən ˌɪnˈʤəŋʃən wʊd bi ən əˈproʊpriˌeɪt rɪˈspɑns. ˈʤəʤmənt, ðə ˈpætənt ənd ˈmɑrkɪt kɔrt hɛld ðət raɪt ˈhoʊldərz səʧ ɛz fɪlm ənd mˈjuzɪk ˈkəmpəˌniz kən əbˈteɪn ə kɔrt ˈɔrdər ɪn sˈwidən əˈgɛnst ən, wɪʧ ˈfɔrsɪz ðə tɪ teɪk ˈmɛʒərz tɪ prɪˈvɛnt ˈkɑpiˌraɪt ˌɪnˈfrɪnʤmənt kəˈmɪtɪd baɪ ˈəðərz ɔn ðə internet,”*,” kɔrt əv əˈpilz ʤəʤ krɪˈstin ˈlɑgər sɛd ɪn ə ˈsteɪtmənt. dɪˈsɪʒən ɪz beɪst ɪn lɔ ənd sˈwidɪʃ lɔ ʃʊd bi ˌɪnˈtərprətəd ɪn ðə laɪt əv lɔ. ˈsɪmələr ˌɪnˈʤəŋʃənz hæv ɔˈrɛdi bɪn əˈnaʊnst, səʧ ɛz ɪn ˈdɛnˌmɑrk, ˈfɪnˌlænd, fræns ənd ðə uk*, bət ðə ˈvərdɪkt təˈdeɪ ɪz ðə fərst əv ɪts kaɪnd ɪn sweden.”*.” ðə ˌɪnˈʤəŋʃən həz ə taɪm ˈlɪmət əv θri ənd jɪrz ənd həz ə ˈpɛnəlti əv ɪf ðə feɪlz tɪ kəmˈplaɪ. ðə ˈvərdɪkt kən nɑt bi əˈpild. ɪz ə ˈdeɪnʤərəs pæθ tɪ goʊ daʊn, wɪʧ ˈfɔrsɪz ˈɪntərˌnɛt prəˈvaɪdərz tɪ ˈmɑnətər ənd ɪˈvæljuˌeɪt ˈkɑntɛnt ɔn ðə ˈɪntərˌnɛt ənd blɑk ˈwɛbˌsaɪts wɪθ ˌɪˈligəl ˈkɑntɛnt ɪn ˈɔrdər tɪ əˈvɔɪd bɪˈkəmɪŋ accomplices,”*,” ənd ˈfɛloʊ wɔrnd ɪn ən ˈərliər ˈsteɪtmənt. θɪŋk ðət ˈtəfər ˌlɛʤəsˈleɪʃən ənd ˈblɑkɪŋ rɪkˈwaɪrmənts ər ən ˈifɛktɪv weɪ tɪ stɑp ðə ˌɪˈligəl ˌdɪstrəˈbjuʃən əv ˈkɑpiˌraɪtɪd wərks ɔn ðə internet.”*.” waɪl ðə ˈkɑrənt ˌɪnˈʤəŋʃən ˈkəvərz ʤɪst tu saɪts, ðə ˈrulɪŋ ˈoʊpənz ðə ˈflədˌgeɪts tɪ ˈlʊkɪŋ tɪ blɑk pəˈtɛnʃəli ˈhənərdz əv saɪts. ðət, ənd pəˈtɛnʃəli mɔr ˈkɑnsəkˌwɛnsəz ˈwəriz ˈfɔrmər ˈpaɪrət beɪ ˈspoʊksmən, ˈpitər sənd. faɪt ɪz nɑt əˈbaʊt ðə ˈjuzərz əv kən ʤɪst ˈbaɪˌpæs ðɪs ˌblɑˈkeɪd ˈizəli. əˈbaʊt ðə sˈlɪpəri sloʊp ɪt brɪŋz; nɛkst taɪm ɪt wɪl bi əˈnəðər ənˈkəmfərtəbəl saɪt, ˈmeɪbi ˈplɪtɪkli ənˈkəmfərtəbəl, ðɛn ɪt stɑrts tɪ bɪˈkəm ˈpjʊrli ə ˈbɪznɪs ˈmɑdəl tɪ ˈstaɪfəl jʊr competition,”*,” sənd ˌɪnˈfɔrmz torrentfreak*. soʊˈsaɪɪti wɪθ ən ˌɪnˈseɪn ˈrulər əv ðə moʊst ˈpaʊərfəl ˈkəntri, hɪz ˈkəntri ˈhævɪŋ ɔl əv ɑr ˈdætə ənd ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən, wi hɛlp wɪθ ˈsɛntrəˌlaɪzɪŋ ər kənˈtroʊlɪŋ ðə ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən floʊ ɔn ðə ˈɪntərˌnɛt, bət ðə ˈɑpəzɪt. kwaɪt klɪr fər ˈɛvriˌwən, bət ðə sˈwidɪʃ kɔrt ˌəndərˈstænd wət done.”*.”
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a court of appeal has ordered the pirate bay and streaming portal swefilmer to be blocked by an isp in sweden. the landmark ruling, in favor of universal music, sony music, warner music, and the swedish film industry, will see local isp bredbandsbolaget forced to block the sites for the next three years.
in 2014, universal music, sony music, warner music, nordisk film and the swedish film industry teamed up in a lawsuit designed to force swedish isp bredbandsbolaget (broadband company) to block the pirate bay and streaming portal swefilmer.
in a move that was to irk the isp, the rightsholders argued that bredbandsbolaget should be held liable for the infringements of the ‘pirate’ sites, if it refused to block them.
in response, bredbandsbolaget dug in its heels while insisting that its only role is to provide subscribers with unfettered access to the internet. the upholding (or otherwise) of this concept would be a landmark moment for all swedish isps.
the case went to trial at the stockholm district court during october 2015. considering the outcomes of similar cases against isps elsewhere in europe, bredbandsbolaget was expected to lose. instead, however, the isp won its case, with the district court ruling that when bredbandsbolaget facilitated access to the pirate bay, that did not amount to participation in a crime under swedish law.
soon after, the defeated rightsholders filed an appeal. the case was heard again last september, running for several days at the brand new patent and market court of appeal. today the court made its decision and it’s bad news for the isp and by extension other isps and their collective customers.
in a ruling handed down minutes ago, the court overruled the earlier ruling of the district court and ordered bredbandsbolaget to implement “technical measures” to prevent its customers accessing the ‘pirate’ sites through a number of domain names and urls.
the court found that under eu law it is possible for copyright holders to obtain an injunction against isps whose services are used to commit copyright infringement, even if the isp only provides its customers with intenet access. it found that the swedish copyright act should be interpreted “in the light of eu law.”
the court also considered whether such a blocking injunction would be proportional. in this respect, it found that since the content being made available via the pirate bay and swefilmer is primarily copyright protected and distributed illegally, then an injunction would be an appropriate response.
“in today’s judgment, the patent and market court held that right holders such as film and music companies can obtain a court order in sweden against an isp, which forces the isp to take measures to prevent copyright infringement committed by others on the internet,” court of appeals judge christine lager said in a statement.
“the decision is based in eu law and swedish law should be interpreted in the light of eu law. similar injunctions have already been announced, such as in denmark, finland, france and the, but the verdict today is the first of its kind in sweden.”
the injunction has a time limit of three and years and has a penalty of $56,000 if the isp fails to comply. the verdict can not be appealed.
“it is a dangerous path to go down, which forces internet providers to monitor and evaluate content on the internet and block websites with illegal content in order to avoid becoming accomplices,” bredbandsbolaget and fellow isp telenor warned in an earlier statement.
“we don’t think that tougher legislation and blocking requirements are an effective way to stop the illegal distribution of copyrighted works on the internet.”
while the current injunction covers just two sites, the ruling opens the floodgates to rightsholders looking to block potentially hundreds of sites. that, and potentially more far-reaching consequences worries former pirate bay spokesman, peter sunde.
“the fight is not about tpb the users of tpb can just bypass this blockade easily. it’s about the slippery slope it brings; next time it will be another uncomfortable site, maybe politically uncomfortable, then it starts to become purely a business model to stifle your competition,” sunde informs torrentfreak.
“in today’s society with an insane ruler of the world’s most powerful country, his country having all of our data and information, we shouldn’t help with centralizing or controlling the information flow on the internet, but the opposite. it’s quite clear for everyone, but the swedish court doesn’t understand what they’ve done.”
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ðə ˈoʊldəst ɪn ɔn ðə aɪl əv skaɪ ənd ə ˈmɑdərn bɑr ər əˈməŋ ðə ˈdrɪŋkɪŋ ɛˈstæblɪʃmənts ðət hæv bɪn fər ðə ˈtaɪtəl əv ˈskɑtɪʃ pəb əv ðə jɪr baɪ ðə kæmˈpeɪn fər ril eɪl. ðə staɪn ɪn ɔn skaɪ, wɪʧ wɑz ˈfaʊndɪd ɪn ðə 1700s*, meɪd ðə lɪst ˈæftər biɪŋ ræŋkt ðə bɛst pəb ɪn ðə ˈhaɪləndz ənd ˈaɪləndz. pəbz ər ˈbɛtər ɪgˈzæmpəlz əv fænˈtæstɪk ˈloʊkəlz ðən these”*” tɑm, ðə ɪn ɪn bo’ness*, wɛst ˈlɑθiən, wɪʧ, baɪ ˈkɑntræst, ˈoʊpənd ˈoʊnli ɪn 2011 ɪz ˈɔlsoʊ ɪn ðə ˈrənɪŋ. steɪt bɑr, wɪʧ hoʊsts ðə ˈoʊldəst ˈkɑmədi kləb, ðə ˈstɑkbrɪʤ tæp ɪn ˈɛdənbəroʊ, ðə ˈfɔrəstərz ɑrmz ɪn aberdour*, faɪf, ənd ðə ɪn ɪn perthshire*, wɪʧ həz ə ˈhɪstəri, hæv ˈɔlsoʊ bɪn fər ðə əˈwɔrd, wɪʧ həz bɪn lɔnʧt ɛz pɑrt əv kəmˈjunɪti pəbz mənθ, wɪʧ rənz θruaʊt ˈeɪprəl. ðə ˈskɑtɪʃ ˈwɪnərz əv ðə fərst raʊnd əv ðə ˌkɑmpəˈtɪʃən ər pɑrt əv ə səˈlɛkʃən əv ˈloʊkəl pəbz əraʊnd ˈbrɪtən ˈʧoʊzən baɪ ˈloʊkəl ˈbrænʧɪz wɪʧ ˈreɪtɪd ðɛr ˈdeɪkɔr, ˈvælju fər ˈməni, ˈkəstəmər ˈsərvɪs ənd ðə kˈwɑləti əv ðɛr ril eɪl. pleɪ ən ɛˈsɛnʃəl roʊl ɪn ɑr kəmˈjunɪtiz ənd ər ˈklɪrli ˈvɛri ˈhaɪli ˈvæljud, bət dɪˈspaɪt ðɪs ər stɪl biɪŋ lɔst æt ən əˈlɑrmɪŋ reɪt əˈkrɔs ðə uk,”*,” ˈspoʊksmən tɑm sɛd. bɛst weɪ ˈpipəl kən prəˈtɛkt ðɛr fˈjuʧər ɪz baɪ ˈgɪtɪŋ daʊn ðɛr ənd səˈpɔrtɪŋ ɪt. pəbz mənθ ɪz əˈbaʊt ˈhaɪˌlaɪtɪŋ ðə ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt roʊl pəbz pleɪ ɪn kəmˈjunɪti laɪf ənd noʊ pəbz ər ˈbɛtər ɪgˈzæmpəlz əv fænˈtæstɪk ˈloʊkəlz ðən ðiz 200 brænʧ ˈwɪnərz. iʧ wən əv ðɛm həz bɪn ʤəʤd ðə bɛst ɪn ðɛr rɪˈspɛktɪv ˈɛriə ənd ər wɛl wərθ ˈsikɪŋ aʊt fər ˈɛni eɪl lovers.”*.” ə ˈstədi ˈkɛrid aʊt baɪ faʊnd ðət 75 pər sɛnt əv bɪˈliv ə kəmˈjunɪti pəb ɪz ɛz ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt tɪ kəmˈjunɪti laɪf ɛz ə poʊst ˈɔfəs, ˈloʊkəl ʃɑp ər kəmˈjunɪti ˈsɛntər bət dɪˈspaɪt ðɪs, 29 pəbz ər stɪl ˈkloʊzɪŋ ɪn ðə ˈɛvəri wik. ðə ˈgloʊbəl ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk ˌriˈsɛʃən, ɛz wɛl ɛz ðə sˈmoʊkɪŋ bæn ənd ə ˈsəbsəkwənt trɛnd fər mɔr ˈpipəl tɪ drɪŋk æt hoʊm ˈrəðər ðən ɪn pəbz, hæv bɪn ˈkaʊntɪd əˈməŋ ðə ˈrizənz fər ðə haɪ ˈnəmbər əv pəb ˈkloʊʒərz. ˈrisənt ˈɪndəstri ˈfɪgjərz hæv ʃoʊn, ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ðət ðə ˈkloʊʒər reɪt ɪz loʊər ɪn ˈskɑtlənd ðən ˈɛlsˌwɛr ɪn ðə. dɪˈspaɪt ðə ˈkloʊʒərz, ðə dɪˈmænd fər ril eɪl həz ˌɪnˈkrist ɪn ˈrisənt jɪrz, əˈspɛʃəli əˈməŋ ˈjəŋgər ˈpipəl, ˈdrɪvən baɪ ə riˈsərʤəns ɪn ðə kræft bɪr ˈɪndəstri. ə ˈrisənt ˈsərˌveɪ frəm ʃoʊd mɔr ðən ə θərd əv ˈpipəl ˈeɪʤɪd 18 tɪ 24 hæd traɪd ril eɪl ənd, əv ðoʊz, 87 pər sɛnt wʊd drɪŋk ɪt əˈgɛn. ðə ˈwɪnər əv əv ˈnæʃənəl pəb əv ðə jɪr wɪl bi əˈnaʊnst ɪn ˈərli 2016 ˈfɑloʊ ˈjuˈɛs tˈwɪtər ˈfeɪsˌbʊk ˈgugəl+ səbˈskraɪb tɪ ɑr ˈdeɪli ˈnuzˌlɛtər (rikˈwaɪərz ˌrɛʤɪˈstreɪʃən) ˈskɑtsmən ˈtæblət ənd ˈmoʊbəl æps ˈaɪˌfoʊn ˈaɪˌpæd ˈænˌdrɔɪd ˈkɪndəl
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the oldest inn on the isle of skye and a modern bar are among the drinking establishments that have been shortlisted for the title of scottish pub of the year by the campaign for real ale.
the stein inn on skye, which was founded in the 1700s, made the list after being ranked the best pub in the highlands and islands.
“no pubs are better examples of fantastic locals than these” tom stainer, camra
the corbie inn in bo’ness, west lothian, which, by contrast, opened only in 2011, is also in the running.
glasgow’s state bar, which hosts the city’s oldest comedy club, the stockbridge tap in edinburgh, the foresters arms in aberdour, fife, and the bankfoot inn in perthshire, which has a 350-year history, have also been shortlisted for the award, which has been launched as part of camra’s community pubs month, which runs throughout april.
the scottish winners of the first round of the competition are part of a 200-strong selection of local pubs around britain chosen by camra’s local branches which rated their decor, value for money, customer service and the quality of their real ale.
“pubs play an essential role in our communities and are clearly very highly valued, but despite this are still being lost at an alarming rate across the uk,” camra spokesman tom stainer said. “the best way people can protect their local’s future is by getting down there and supporting it.
“community pubs month is about highlighting the important role pubs play in community life and no pubs are better examples of fantastic locals than these 200 camra branch winners. each one of them has been judged the best in their respective area and are well worth seeking out for any would-be ale lovers.”
a study carried out by camra found that 75 per cent of pub-goers believe a well-run community pub is as important to community life as a post office, local shop or community centre – but despite this, 29 pubs are still closing in the uk every week.
the global economic recession, as well as the smoking ban and a subsequent trend for more people to drink at home rather than in pubs, have been counted among the reasons for the high number of pub closures. recent industry figures have shown, however, that the closure rate is lower in scotland than elsewhere in the uk.
despite the closures, the demand for real ale has increased in recent years, especially among younger people, driven by a resurgence in the craft beer industry. a recent survey from camra showed more than a third of people aged 18 to 24 had tried real ale and, of those, 87 per cent would drink it again.
the winner of camra’s of national pub of the year will be announced in early 2016.
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ðə hæv riˈlist wɑn guˈtjɛrɛz, ðə kləb əˈnaʊnst ˈviə ɪts əˈfɪʃəl tˈwɪtər peɪʤ. guˈtjɛrɛz ˈoʊnli pɪʧt ɪn 20 geɪmz fər ðə sneɪks ðɪs ˈsizən (ˈpoʊstɪŋ ə ˈɪrə bət ən ˌɪmˈprɛsɪv 23 ˈstraɪˌkaʊts ɪn 18 ˈɪnɪŋz) du tɪ ˈɛlˌboʊ ənd ˈʃoʊldər ˈɪnʤəriz ðət ɪˈvɛnʧəwəli rikˈwaɪərd ˈtɑmi ʤɑn ˈsərʤəri ɪn sɛpˈtɛmbər. guˈtjɛrɛz, 28 wɑz pɑrt əv ðə treɪd ˈpækɪʤ ðət keɪm frəm ˈhjustən tɪ ˌɛrɪˈzoʊnə ɪn dɪˈsɛmbər 2009 ɪn ɪksˈʧeɪnʤ fər ˌhoʊˈzeɪ vɑlˈvɛrdeɪ. ɪn θri jɪrz wɪθ ðə d'backs*, guˈtjɛrɛz əˈpɪrd ɪn 143 geɪmz ənd ˈpoʊstɪd ə ˈɪrə ənd ən reɪt, ðoʊ hɪz ˈifɛktɪvnəs wɑz ˌəndərˈmaɪnd baɪ hɪz ˌɪnəˈbɪlɪti tɪ əˈvɔɪd hɪts (ə reɪt) ənd ðə lɔŋ bɔl (ə reɪt). ˈgɪvɪn ðə lɔŋ rɪˈkəvəri taɪm əˈsoʊʃiˌeɪtəd wɪθ ˈtɑmi ʤɑn ˈsərʤəri, wi maɪt nɑt hir əv guˈtjɛrɛz ˈsaɪnɪŋ wɪθ ə nu tim ənˈtɪl ðə offseason*. guˈtjɛrɛz wʊd hæv bɪn ˈɛlɪʤəbəl fər ˌɑrbɪˈtreɪʃən fər ðə fərst taɪm ðɪs ˈwɪntər. ðə ˈraɪti ərnd wɪθ ðə læst ˈsizən.
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the diamondbacks have released right-hander juan gutierrez, the club announced via its official twitter page. gutierrez only pitched in 20 games for the snakes this season (posting a 5.40 era but an impressive 23 strikeouts in 18 1/3 innings) due to elbow and shoulder injuries that eventually required tommy john surgery in september.
gutierrez, 28, was part of the trade package that came from houston to arizona in december 2009 in exchange for jose valverde. in three years with the d'backs, gutierrez appeared in 143 games and posted a 4.62 era and an 8.4 k/4 rate, though his effectiveness was undermined by his inability to avoid hits (a 8.9 h/9 rate) and the long ball (a 1.1 hr/9 rate). given the long recovery time associated with tommy john surgery, we might not hear of gutierrez signing with a new team until the 2012-13 offseason.
gutierrez would have been eligible for arbitration for the first time this winter. the righty earned $430.5k with the diamondbacks last season.
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ɛz ˈigəl fɔrd bumz, nu ˈhaɪˌweɪz ər goʊld fər ˈmɛksəkən drəg kɑrˈtɛlz ðiz ər ˈtɛksəs' moʊst ˈdeɪnʤərəs gæŋz. lɛs ˈeɪʤənts wɪθ ðə juz. ˈkəstəmz ənd ˈbɔrdər prəˈtɛkʃən ˈɔfəs əv ɛr ənd mərˈin, pəˈtroʊl ˈoʊvər ðə ˈrioʊ grænd ˈrɪvər ɪn həˈdælˌgoʊ. roʊdz biɪŋ bɪlt fər ɔɪl ˈɪndəstri juz ər ˌɪnˈkrisɪŋgli biɪŋ juzd fər drəg ˈrənɪŋ. ˈeɪʤənts wɪθ ðə juz. ˈkəstəmz ənd ˈbɔrdər prəˈtɛkʃən ˈɔfəs əv ɛr ənd mərˈin, pəˈtroʊl ˈoʊvər ðə ˈrioʊ grænd ˈrɪvər ɪn həˈdælˌgoʊ. roʊdz biɪŋ bɪlt fər ɔɪl ˈɪndəstri juz ər ˌɪnˈkrisɪŋgli biɪŋ juzd fər drəg mɔr ˈfoʊˌtoʊ: ˈʤɑni ˈhænsən, ˈhjustən ˈkrɑnɪkəl ˈfoʊˌtoʊ: ˈʤɑni ˈhænsən, ˈhjustən ˈkrɑnɪkəl ˈɪmɪʤ 1 əv 20 ˈkæpʃən kloʊz ɛz ˈigəl fɔrd bumz, nu ˈhaɪˌweɪz ər goʊld fər ˈmɛksəkən drəg kɑrˈtɛlz 1 20 bæk tɪ ˈgæləri ðə ˈræpɪd dɪˈvɛləpmənt əv ðə ˈigəl fɔrd ʃeɪl fɔrˈmeɪʃən ɪn saʊθ ˈtɛksəs ɪz ˈlidɪŋ nɑt ʤɪst tɪ ə juʤ ɔɪl bum, bət ˈɔlsoʊ tɪ ə bust fər drəg gæŋz ɪn ðə ˈɛriə, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ˈfɛdərəl əˈfɪʃəlz. ˈkəstəmz ənd ˈbɔrdər prəˈtɛkʃən ˈeɪʤənts toʊld ðə ˈnæʃənəl ˈʤərnəl ðət ðə væst əreɪ əv nu ˌɪnfrəˈstrəkʧər ɪn ðə ˈɛriə minz drəg kɑrˈtɛlz hæv ə wɛb əv nu sˈməgəlɪŋ rʊts ˈoʊpən tɪ ðɛm. ɔn tɔp əv ðət, gæŋz hæv ðə ˈpərˌfɪkt ˈkəvər, ˈɔfən ˈstilɪŋ trəks ˈbɛrɪŋ ˈkəmpəˌni ˈloʊˌgoʊz soʊ ðeɪ kən poʊz ɛz ˈwərkərz ənd sˈməgəl ɪn drəgz ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ˌmɛrəˈwɑnə, ˈhɛroʊən ənd koʊˈkeɪn. səm ˈɔlsoʊ ɪnˈgeɪʤ ɪn ˈjumən ˈtræfɪkɪŋ. "(ðə ˌsɪʧuˈeɪʃən) ɪz ˈdɛfənətli biɪŋ ˈteɪkən ædˈvæntɪʤ əv baɪ ðə kɑrˈtɛlz ɪn ˈmɛksəˌkoʊ," ˈʧɑrəlz ˈgɑslɪn, ə rɪˈtaɪrd siaɪeɪ ˈɔfɪsər naʊ wɪθ sɪˈkjʊrəti fərm ˈbʊʧkoʊ, toʊld ðə ˈhjustən ˈkrɑnɪkəl. "ðə kənˈtroʊl ðə (rut) ðət kəmz əp θru nˈweɪvoʊ lərˈeɪdoʊ, ɪt gɪvz ðɛm ˈækˌsɛs tɪ ðə ˈɑrtəri ənd ɔn tɪ ðə bɪg ˈriˌteɪl ˈmɑrkɪts ɪn ʃəˈkɑˌgoʊ." ðə hæv bɪn kɔld baɪ ðə ˈjuˈɛs ˈgəvərnmənt, "ðə moʊst ˌtɛknəˈlɑʤɪkəli ədˈvænst, səˈfɪstɪˌkeɪtəd ənd ˈdeɪnʤərəs kɑrˈtɛl ˈɔpərˌeɪtɪŋ ɪn ˈmɛksəˌkoʊ." ˈgɑslɪn sɪz ðə goʊld bum ɪn ˈigəl fɔrd ɪz ˈpərˌfɪkt fər ðɛm. "ɪts ə bɪg, bɪg ˈɛriə, əˈbaʊt ðə saɪz əv kəˈnɛtəkət ənd roʊd ˈaɪlənd kəmˈbaɪnd... ˈigəl fɔrd ɪz ə ˈmɑdərn deɪ bum taʊn əˈmɛrɪkə," sɛd ˈgɑslɪn, "ˈbɔrdər pəˈtroʊl ər əˈwɛr əv ɪt ənd ðɛr traɪɪŋ tɪ gɪt ðɛr hænz əraʊnd ɪt." ðə nu ˌɪnfrəˈstrəkʧər əˈveɪləbəl tɪ kɑrˈtɛlz "həz ʧeɪnʤd ˈjuˈɛs ənd wət wi du," ˈeɪʤənt rɪˈkɑrdoʊ əgˈwɪreɪ əv ˈbɔrdər pəˈtroʊl toʊld ðə ˈnæʃənəl ˈʤərnəl. "wi hæv ˌɪnˈkrist ˈtræfɪk hir ənd ðɛrz ˌɪnˈkrist ˈpipəl trəˈvərsɪŋ θru hir ənd traɪɪŋ tɪ gɪt θru, bət baɪ ðə seɪm ˈtoʊkən wi ˈɔlsoʊ hæv ən ˌɪnˈkrist ˈnəmbər əv aɪz aʊt ðɛr tɪ rɪˈpɔrt ˈɛni ˌɪˈlɪsət ækˈtɪvɪtiz." ˈeɪʤənsiz ər traɪɪŋ tɪ fɔrm ˈpɑrtnərˌʃɪps ɪn ðə ˈriʤən tɪ juz ðoʊz ˈɛkstrə sɛts əv aɪz tɪ ðɛr ædˈvæntɪʤ. ə ˈspɛʃəl 800 ˈnəmbər həz bɪn sɛt əp fər tɪps ɪf ə ˈwərkər siz ˈsəmˌwən ðeɪ doʊnt noʊ ˈkrɔsɪŋ rænʧ lænd, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ˈgɑslɪn, bət hi fɪrz ðət ˈbraɪbəri wɪl stɑp ðət ˈɛfərt frəm səkˈsidɪŋ. "ðə ˈbɪgəst əˈmaʊnt əv ðə (gæŋz) ˈbəʤɪt ɪz peɪɪŋ ˈpipəl ɔf ɔn ðə weɪ. ðeɪ lʊk æt ɪt laɪk ə ˈbɪznɪs; ɪts ˈɔrgəˌnaɪzd," ˈgɑslɪn sɛd. ˈloʊkəl əˈfɪʃəlz, ðoʊ, seɪ əˈθɔrətiz ər duɪŋ ən ˌaʊtˈstændɪŋ ʤɑb. ˈɑndreɪz ˌzɑmɑˈripɑ wɪθ ðə wɛb ˈkaʊnti ˈʃɛrɪfs ˈɔfəs toʊld ðə ˈnæʃənəl ˈʤərnəl ðət ˈigəl fɔrd groʊθ ɪz ˈmɪrli əˈnəðər tul fər kɑrˈtɛlz tɪ juz fər sˈməgəlɪŋ. "weɪ ˌbiˈfɔr ˈigəl fɔrd ɪgˈzɪstəd, ɪt wɑz ˈkəmɪŋ əˈkrɔs baɪ ðə tən, ənd ɪts stɪl ˈkəmɪŋ əˈkrɔs baɪ ðə tən," ˌzɑmɑˈripɑ sɛd.
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as eagle ford booms, new highways are gold for mexican drug cartels
these are texas' most dangerous gangs. less agents with the u.s. customs and border protection office of air and marine, patrol over the rio grande river in hidalgo. roads being built for oil industry use are increasingly being used for drug running. agents with the u.s. customs and border protection office of air and marine, patrol over the rio grande river in hidalgo. roads being built for oil industry use are increasingly being used for drug ... more photo: johnny hanson, houston chronicle photo: johnny hanson, houston chronicle image 1 of / 20 caption close as eagle ford booms, new highways are gold for mexican drug cartels 1 / 20 back to gallery
the rapid development of the eagle ford shale formation in south texas is leading not just to a huge oil boom, but also to a boost for drug gangs in the area, according to federal officials.
customs and border protection agents told the national journal that the vast array of new infrastructure in the area means drug cartels have a web of new smuggling routes open to them.
on top of that, gangs have the perfect cover, often stealing trucks bearing company logos so they can pose as workers and smuggle in drugs including marijuana, heroin and cocaine. some also engage in human trafficking.
"(the situation) is definitely being taken advantage of by the cartels in mexico," charles goslin, a retired cia officer now with security firm butchko, told the houston chronicle. "the zetas control the (route) that comes up through nuevo laredo, it gives them access to the i-35 artery and on to the big retail markets in chicago."
the zetas have been called by the us government, "the most technologically advanced, sophisticated and dangerous cartel operating in mexico."
goslin says the gold rush-like boom in eagle ford is perfect for them.
"it's a big, big area, about the size of connecticut and rhode island combined... eagle ford is a modern day boom town america," said goslin, "border patrol are aware of it and they're trying to get their hands around it."
the new infrastructure available to cartels "has changed us and what we do," agent ricardo aguirre of border patrol told the national journal. "we have increased traffic here and there's increased people traversing through here and trying to get through, but by the same token we also have an increased number of eyes out there to report any illicit activities."
agencies are trying to form partnerships in the region to use those extra sets of eyes to their advantage.
a special 800 number has been set up for tips if a worker sees someone they don't know crossing ranch land, according to goslin, but he fears that bribery will stop that effort from succeeding.
"the biggest amount of the (gang's) budget is paying people off on the way. they look at it like a business; it's organized," goslin said.
local officials, though, say authorities are doing an outstanding job.
andres zamarripa with the webb county sheriff's office told the national journal that eagle ford growth is merely another tool for cartels to use for smuggling.
"way before eagle ford existed, it was coming across by the ton, and it's still coming across by the ton," zamarripa said.
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təˈdeɪ, ðə bɪˈzɑr nuz ðət ðə meɪn kriˈeɪtər bɪˈhaɪnd ðə səˈpraɪz frɛndz hæd bɪn riˈmuvd frəm hɪz roʊl baɪ hɪt ðə ˈɪntərˌnɛt. ˈivɪn ðoʊ ɪt ə trəˈdɪʃənəli wɛl prəˈdust, ɔˈrɛdi tɔkt əˈbaʊt haʊ məʧ əv ən ənˈjuˌʒuəl traɪəmf ðə hoʊl ˈprɑʤɛkt wɑz. tɪ ˈɑnər ɪts stæf ˈæftər ðɪs sæd dɪˈvɛləpmənt, wi brɪŋ ju ðə trænzˈleɪʃən əv ən ˈɪntərvˌju wɪθ ðə stæf əv ðɪs ˌɪˈmɛnsli ˈʧɑrmɪŋ ˈsɪriz. dɪˈrɛktər, ˈsɪriz kəmˈpoʊzər, ˈskrɪpˌtraɪtər, storyboarder*: ˌænəˈmeɪʃən dɪˈrɛktər: ˌjoʊʃɪˈhisə ˈisə ðə ˈplænɪŋ fər ðɪs ˈsɪriz ˈstɑrtɪd wɪθ ə prɪˈlɪməˌnɛri ˈmitɪŋ wɪθ ðə ˈkɑnsɛpt dɪˈzaɪnər maɪn yoshizaki*; du ju hæv ˈɛni ˌɪmˈprɛʃənz ər ˈɛni ˈəðər θɔts frəm ðət ˈmitɪŋ?: sɪns ɔˈrɛdi bɪn əraʊnd 3 jɪrz sɪns ðət ˈmitɪŋ, fərˈgɑtən haʊ nis ɪt wɑz. ˌɔlˈðoʊ wi hæv ðət ˈmɛni ˈsupər fən ˈænɪkˌdoʊts æt ðə stɑrt, aɪ rɪˈmɛmbər ɪt biɪŋ ən ˌɛnˈʤɔɪəbəl prɪˈlɪməˌnɛri ˈmitɪŋ ˈɛniˌweɪ. dɪˈspaɪt ɪt biɪŋ ɪt ə ˈkləmzi ˈprɔˌsɛs, ɪt fɛlt laɪk ɑr fərst ˈstɔri plæn wɑz ˈflɛksəbəl ənd tʊk ʃeɪp ɔrˈgænɪkli. ɪt wɑz ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪŋ haʊ wi wər əˈlaʊd tɪ pərˈsid laɪk ðət æt ðə ˈstudiˌoʊ. ˈnæʧərəli, ɪf ə pleɪ ɪt baɪ əv kriˈeɪtɪv əˈproʊʧ tərnz aʊt tɪ bi tu məʧ wərk, ðə rɪˈzəlt ˈsɪmpli bɪˈkəmz ˌɪnkoʊˈhɪrənt. bət wi kɛpt ðət əˈproʊʧ ɛz ðə kɔr əv ðə pərˈdəkʃən, ənd ɪn ðə ɛnd glæd ðət ðɛr wər ˈvɛriəs vˈjuˌpɔɪnts wi wər ˈeɪbəl tɪ kənˈsɪdər ənd rɪˈflɛkt ɔn. tɪ pʊt ɪt ˈkɑnˌkritli, wət du ju θɪŋk ɪz ðə ˈsikrɪt tɪ friends‘*‘ ˌɪnˈkrɛdəbəl ʧɑrm?: aɪ gɛs wi ˈstɑrtɪd baɪ ˈæskɪŋ ɑrˈsɛlvz: ˈɛləmənts ʃʊd wi mərʤ ənd wət fɔrm ʃʊd ðeɪ take?”*?” ju wʊd ɪkˈspɛkt ˈsəmθɪŋ laɪk frɛndz tɪ ˌɪnˈkɔrpərˌeɪt ˈmɛni ˈkɑnsɛpts. ˈdɪfəkəlt tɪ kəm əp wɪθ ðə wərdz fər ðɪs, bət ɔn ə ˈnɔrməl ˈsɪriz ju hæv 2 ər 3 ˈfilɪŋz ðət ˌɪnˈhæbət ɪt, bət ɪn ðɪs ˈsɪriz ˈdəzənz əv ðɛm ər ˈɪntərtˌwaɪnɪŋ. ə bɪg ˈrizən ɛz tɪ waɪ ðoʊz ˈfilɪŋz fɔl flæt ɪz du tɪ ɑr smɔl bət ɪˈfɪʃənt tim, hu wər ˈkeɪpəbəl əv ˈgræspɪŋ ðə ˈɪˌmoʊʃənz ənd kənˈveɪɪŋ ðɛm. ˈdʊrɪŋ iʧ steɪʤ əv ðə pərˈdəkʃən ðɛr wɑz ə ˈpælpəbəl ˈfilɪŋ əv ˌɪnspərˈeɪʃən. ɪt simd laɪk ˈɛvriˌwən ˈrɪli wərkt hɑrd tɪ hoʊld ɔn tɪ ðət ˈbæləns. ðə ˈkɛrɪktərz rɪˈteɪn ðə dɪˈstɪŋkt əˈpil əv ˈkɑnsɛpt dɪˈzaɪnz, ðeɪ?: ˈnæʧərəli ðə ʃoʊ ɪz beɪst ɔn ðə ʧɑrm əv dɪˈzaɪnz, bət aɪ hæv ˈmɛməriz əv ˈjuˈɛs ˈfɪgjərɪŋ aʊt ˈvɛriəs weɪz tɪ strɛʧ ðə characters’*’ ˈbɑdəli prəˈpɔrʃənz wɪn ðeɪ wər ˈæktɪŋ. ˌnɛvərðəˈlɛs, wɪn kəmˈpɛrd wɪθ ˈtɪpɪkəl, ðeɪ hæv ə lɑrʤ ˈreɪʃiˌoʊ, ðeɪ? ɪn ə weɪ, ˈkɛrɪktərz hu hæv prəˈpɔrʃənz ˈɔlsoʊ sim tɪ hæv ə ˈkjutnəs əˈbaʊt ðɛm, soʊ ɪf ðə dɪˈzaɪnz bɪˈkəm ˈfoʊkɪst ɔn ðoʊz strɔŋ pɔɪnts, ðɛn greɪt. ɪf ə mɪˈsteɪk ɪz meɪd æt ðɪs dɪˈzaɪn steɪʤ, ðɛn ɪt ɪz kwaɪt ˈpɑsəbəl ðət ðə ɪnˈtaɪər ʃoʊ wɪl ɛnd əp ˈfilɪŋ half-assed*, bət wi ˈmænɪʤd tɪ meɪk ɪt tɪ ðə ˈfɪnɪʃ laɪn, waɪl ˈisə wɑz ˈklɛvərli ˈθɪŋkɪŋ əˈbaʊt wət tɪ du wɪn ðə ˈkɛrɪktərz hæd tɪ muv. ˈisə: wɪn ɪt kəmz tɪ ðə pərˈdəkʃən əv ˈfʊli ˈɛpɪˌsoʊdz, ðɛr ər ˈmɛni ˈæˌspɛkts ðət aɪ θɪŋk ər stɪl ˌɪməˈtjʊr. ˌnɛvərðəˈlɛs, aɪ ˈɔlˌweɪz peɪd əˈtɛnʃən tɪ wət sɔrt əv ˈmuvmənt wʊd bi əˈproʊpriˌeɪt fər ðiz ˈkɛrɪktərz. nɑt ʤɪst ˈteɪkɪŋ treɪts frəm ðə ərˈɪʤənəl ˈænəməlz, bət ˈɔlsoʊ drɔɪŋ ðə pəˈzɪʃənz ənd ˈækʃənz ðət wʊd bi əˈproʊpriˌeɪt fər ðiz ˈkɛrɪktərz beɪst ɔn ðə ˈkɑrənt ɪˈvɛnts. fər ɪgˈzæmpəl, ˌpərsəˈnælɪti həz ə strɔŋ sɛns əv ˈʤɛnjuˌaɪn ˈɑnəsti. bət stɪl, nɑt laɪk ʃi ækts əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ʤɪst ðət wən ˈprɪnsəpəl; aɪ fil laɪk aɪ əˈvɔɪdɪd ˌsɪʧuˈeɪʃənz ðət wʊd meɪk mi θɪŋk hər ˈfeɪʃəl ɪkˈsprɛʃən ʃʊd steɪ ðə seɪm waɪl aɪ wɑz drɔɪŋ hər. wɪʧ ˈkɛrɪktər dɪd ju faɪnd ˌpɑrˈtɪkjələrli ˈizi tɪ drɔ? ˈisə: ˈpərsənəli, tsuchinoko*. ˈnɔrməli ʃi ˈsikrɪtli kips θɪŋz tɪ hərˈsɛlf, bət ˈfəni haʊ wɪθ hər ə ˌsɪʧuˈeɪʃən wɪl ˈsəmˌtaɪmz ʤɪst ˈsədənli ˈɛskəˌleɪt (læfs). ɪt wɑz ˈsɪmpəl tɪ ˌəndərˈstænd hər ɛz ə ˈkɛrɪktər aɪ wʊd ʤɪst goʊ hər, ðɪs ɪz haʊ act”*”. wət wɑz ɪt laɪk tɪ priˈpɛr ðə ˈkɛrɪktər ʃits ənd ˈmɑdəlz əv ðə kæst? ˈisə: æt ðə stɑrt ðə dɪˈrɛktər prəˈvaɪdɪd ˈgaɪˌdlaɪnz fər ðə meɪn ˈkɛrɪktərz ənd ðə ˈʤɛnərəl ʤɪst əv ðɛr ˈmɑdəlz. kənˈsɪdərɪŋ ðət ðə ʃoʊ bɪˈkəmz ɔn ənd ˈprɛzəns, aɪ kəmˈplitɪd ðə ˈəðər ˈkɛrɪktərz əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ðə haɪt ɛz wɛl ɛz ðə hɛdz ənd ˈbɑdiz əv ðoʊz tu meɪn ˈkɛrɪktərz. əv kɔrs ɪn ˌriˈæləˌti, ˈæftər wi traɪd tɪ meɪk ðɛm muv, ðɛr wər ˈɔlsoʊ ˈmɛni, ˈmɛni θɪŋz tɪ kərˈɛkt. dɪd ju kriˈeɪt ðɛm ɔl baɪ ˈjɔrsɛlf? ˈisə: noʊ, ðə dɪˈrɛktər ənd aɪ hæd ˈrəfli ðə seɪm ʃɛr əv ðə wərk. ˈəðər ðən mi ˌdɪˈsaɪdɪŋ hu wʊd bi riˈspɑnsəbəl fər wɪʧ ˈkɛrɪktərz, ɪt fɛlt laɪk wi kəmˈplitɪd ðə ʃoʊ waɪl ɪt wɑz goʊɪŋ bæk ənd fɔrθ bɪtˈwin ðə tu əv ˈjuˈɛs.: wɪn ˈisə wɑz ðə ʃoʊ, aɪ wɑz ˈgreɪtfəl tɪ haʊ hi wʊd rɪˈspɑnd tɪ maɪ ˈkɑnkrit rɪkˈwɛsts. hi wʊd ˈɔlsoʊ æd ɪn ˈlɪtəl bɪˈheɪvjər kwərks laɪk ðə ɪrz ˈmuvɪŋ, ənd ˌɪnˈkris ðə ˈditeɪl əv ðə ˈbækˌgraʊndz. ðə fækt ðət ðɛr wər soʊ ˈmɛni ˌɪnˈspaɪərɪŋ ˈditeɪlz laɪk ðət wɑz ə pləs pɔɪnt əv ðə ʃoʊ. wɪn wi wər fərst əˈsaɪnɪŋ ðə roʊlz, wi ˈrɪli fɪld ðə poʊst əv ˌænəˈmeɪʃən dɪˈrɛktər jɛt. frɛndz simz tɪ hæv bɪn ə ˈlɪtəl pɪˈkjuljər ɪn ɪts dɪˈvɛləpmənt ˈprɔˌsɛs.: fərst ɔf, wɪn ɪt wɑz taɪm tɪ raɪt ðə ˈstɔri ɛz ˈsɪriz kəmˈpoʊzər, aɪ ˈæˌkʧuəli bɪˈgæn baɪ kriˈeɪtɪŋ ˈvɪdioʊ. frəm ðɛr ðə ˈækʧəwəl skrɪpts wər ˈrɪtən daʊn, ənd əˈdɪʃəˌnəli dɪˈpɛndɪŋ ɔn ˈwɛðər ˈnɛsəˌsɛri, kriˈeɪt mɔr ˈnɔrməl tu. ɪt gɑt ə ˈlɪtəl keɪˈɑtɪk, bət aɪ θɪŋk ðət kənˈsɑləˌdeɪtɪŋ ɔl əv ðə wərk təˈgɛðər wɑz ə gʊd weɪ tɪ du ɪt. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ɪt wɑz ˈtrəbəlsəm wɪn ðə ˈskɛʤʊl gɑt pʊʃt bæk. bɪˈkəz əv ðət, aɪ ˌrɛkəˈmɛnd ˈwərkɪŋ laɪk this…*….. (læfs) ˈivɪn fər ðə mɔr ˈdɛləkət tæsks, ðə bɪtˈwin ðə stæf ˈweɪvər, dɪd ɪt?: aɪ θɪŋk ðət ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ wərkt aʊt wɛl wɪθ ðə tim ˈgɪvɪn ðət bɪn lɔŋ əkˈweɪnɪd. ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə ˈvɛri fərst ˈmitɪŋ wɪθ ə nu kru bi ˈwərkɪŋ wɪθ, ˈoʊnli əraʊnd 20 gɪts ˈfɪnɪʃt kəmˈpɛrd wɪθ ə ˈstændərd prɪˈlɪməˌnɛri ˈmitɪŋ. mɔˈroʊvər, sɪns ðɪs ɪz ən ərˈɪʤənəl ˈstɔri, ɪt ɪz ˈdɪfəkəlt ˈgɪtɪŋ ðə nuɑns əˈkrɔs ɪf ˈwərkɪŋ ɔn ɪt təˈgɛðər fər ðə fərst taɪm. bɪˈkəz əv ðət, ˈisə ˈɔlsoʊ teɪks maɪ əˈpɪnjən ˈɪntu əˈkaʊnt. dɪˈrɛktər ɪz wən əv ðə ˈfaʊndɪŋ ˈmɛmbərz əv (ˈmeɪnli ə pərˈdəkʃən ˈkəmpəˌni); ˈisə, ər ju ˈɔlsoʊ ˈkərəntli əˈfɪliˌeɪtɪd wɪθ? ˈisə: jɛs, kərˈɛkt. aɪ hæd ˈpriviəsli wərkt æt ə ˈkjoʊtoʊ geɪm ˈkəmpəˌni, bət dɪˈrɛktər ˈsoʊʃəl ˈnɛtˌwərk baɪ ˌɪtˈsɛlf ɪz. ˈteɪkɪŋ ðə dɪˈrɛktər ˈɪntu əˈkaʊnt, wi muvd tɪ ˈtoʊkiˌoʊ soʊ wi kʊd wərk ɔn frɛndz. ɪn ˌkɑnvərˈseɪʃənz bɪtˈwin ju ənd, wət ˌɪmˈprɛʃən həz hi lɛft ɔn ju? ˈisə: mɔr ðən ˈɛniˌθɪŋ ɛls, aɪ wɑz səˈpraɪzd æt ðə ˈstɔriz kəm əp wɪθ. ˈdʊrɪŋ ˈɔlˌmoʊst ˈɛvəri ˈɛpɪˌsoʊd aɪ hæd səˈpraɪzɪŋ ˈmoʊmənts ðət meɪd mi goʊ ðɪs ˈrɪli happening!?”*!?” (læfs). fər ɪgˈzæmpəl, ðə ˌɪnˈtɪmɪˌdeɪtɪŋ ˈprɛzəns əv ɪn ˈɛpɪˌsoʊd 6 ɛz wɛl ɛz ənd ˌkɑnvərˈseɪʃən ɪn ˈɛpɪˌsoʊd 10 əˈməŋ ˈəðər ˈmoʊmənts. aɪ θɪŋk ðə dɪˈvɛləpmənts ɪn ˈɛpɪˌsoʊd 10 hæd nit sinz fər ˈpipəl hu hæd pleɪd ðə geɪm, bət aɪ wərkt ɔn ɪt waɪl ˈɔlsoʊ biɪŋ laɪk ““oooohh!”*!” ˌmaɪˈsɛlf. aɪ wɑz səˈpraɪzd æt haʊ ðət ˈɛpɪˌsoʊd hæd ə ˈdɪfərənt ˈminɪŋ tɪ ɪt ˈæftər ðə fəˈnæli. aɪ wɑz ˈlʊkɪŋ ˈɪntu haʊ tɪ fɪt ən ˌɪnˈkrɛdəbli lɑrʤ əˈmaʊnt əv frɛndz ˈɑnˌskrin, ˈivɪn ðoʊ ðɛr hæd ɔˈrɛdi bɪn kwaɪt ə fju ˌbiˈfɔr! ðə lɑrʤ əˈmaʊnt əv ˈrisɔrsɪz ɪt tʊk tɪ meɪk ðət ˈɛpɪˌsoʊd sərˈpæst ɑr ˌɛkspɛkˈteɪʃənz (læfs).: raɪt əˈbaʊt ðə fəˈnæli, ˈɛpɪˌsoʊd 12 ˈɛpɪˌsoʊdz 6 8 ənd 11 ˈɔlsoʊ wər əˈspɛʃəli ˌɪnˈtɛns ɪn maɪ əˈpɪnjən. wɪn ɪt kəmz tɪ rɑ taɪm spɛnt duɪŋ wərk ɪn ðə ˈɪndəstri ˈdʊrɪŋ 2016 ˈisə ənd ðə ɑrt dɪˈrɛktər (ˈjukoʊ) wər ˈprɑbəˌbli ɪn ðə tɔp wɪθ ðə ɪkˈsɛpʃən əv ˈitɪŋ ənd sˈlipɪŋ, ðeɪ wər ˈwərkɪŋ ˈprɪti məʧ ɔl ðə taɪm. ˈisə: wi ˈsərtənli hæd səm ˈtrəbəl, bət ɪt wɑz gʊd fən. ɪf wi ˌɛnˈʤɔɪd kriˈeɪtɪŋ ɪt, ðɛn wi hæv bɪn ˈeɪbəl tɪ kip goʊɪŋ.: ɪf aɪ hæv ðɪs tim, aɪ ˈdɛfənətli θɪŋk ðət wi hæv sərˈvaɪvd. ˈɛpɪˌsoʊd it me”*” laɪn ənd ðə ˈpeɪpər ˈɛrˌpleɪn əˈməŋ ˈəðərz ˈæktɪd ɛz fɔrˈʃædoʊɪŋ fər ðə læst ˈɛpɪˌsoʊd. aɪ wɑz strək baɪ haʊ ðət kəmˈplitli keɪm fʊl ˈsərkəl.: waɪl ɛz kriˈeɪtərz fri tɪ ʧuz haʊ ðə ˈkɛrɪktərz wɪl tərn aʊt, aɪ hæv tɪ kip ðə ˈstɔri taɪt tɪ ə ˈsərtən ɪkˈstɛnt. ðɪs taɪm, ðə ˈsɪriz ˌkɑmpəˈzɪʃən ənd ˈskrinˌpleɪ fər ðə moʊst pɑrt wɑz kriˈeɪtɪd æt ðə seɪm taɪm wɪθ ðə ˈvɪdioʊ ˈstɔriˌbɔrd ˈmɛθəd, ənd əˈbəv ɔl ˈgreɪtfəl ðət ðə ˈstudiˌoʊ hæd ə lɪv ˈfilɪŋ tɪ ɪt; ðə ˈkɛrɪktərz fɛlt laɪk ðeɪ keɪm tɪ laɪf. naʊ riʧt ðə ˈfaɪnəl ˈɛpɪˌsoʊd, bət ðɛr ər stɪl ˈplɛnti əv ˈmɪstəriz lɛft.: ðət ɪz ɪgˈzæktli haʊ aɪ ˈwɔntɪd ɪt bi frəm ðə fərst dræft. ˈnæʧərəli, ɪf wi wər tɔk əˈbaʊt ðɛm, wi kʊd du soʊ ɛz məʧ ɛz wi laɪk. bət aɪ θɪŋk ðət aɪ wʊd gɪv əˈweɪ tu məʧ, ənd seɪ ˈsəmθɪŋ ˈdɪfərənt frəm wət ðə vjuərz wɪl θɪŋk. aɪ bɪˈliv fænz ʃʊd bi əˈlaʊd tɪ ˌɛnˈʤɔɪ ˌɪˈmæʤənɪŋ goʊɪŋ ɔn. ðə ““sandstar”*” frəm wɪʧ ðə frɛndz ər ərˈɪʤəˌneɪtəd ˈɔlsoʊ həz ə ˌɪˈmæʤənətɪv skoʊp tɪ ɪt, bət dɪˈspaɪt ðət, stɪl rɪˈmeɪnz ə mɪˈstɪriəs ˈkɑnsɛpt.: ðət fil ənd ðə sɛns əv ɪt biɪŋ laɪt ɪz wət wi ˌdɪˈsaɪdɪd ɔn tɪ dɪˈpɪkt sandstar*. wi ə greɪt dil wɪθ ðə kəmˈpɑzət kru tɪ əˈʧiv ɪt. ɪf wi hæd ən ˌɑpərˈtunəti tɪ kriˈeɪt ə nu ˈsɪriz frəm hir ɔn aʊt, ðɛr kʊd bi ə fju mɔr ˈmɪstəriz tɪ bi ənˈkəvərd. aɪ stɪl wɔnt tɪ raɪt mɔr əˈbaʊt ðə ˈstɔri əv ðɪs wərld, soʊ ɪf aɪ gɪt ðət ʧæns, aɪ hoʊp ðət tərn aʊt wɛl. ˈisə: wi hæv ˈplɛnti əv frɛndz hu stɪl bɪn ˌɪntrəˈdust jɛt. kənˈsɪdərɪŋ ðət ɔl əv ðɛm hæv ðɪs ˈrɪli əˈpilɪŋ ˌɪnˌdɪvɪʤuˈælɪti tɪ ðɛm, aɪ du wɔnt tɪ drɔ ɔl ðiz ˈkɛrɪktərz. ənd ˈæftər ðət, ɪf aɪ kriˈeɪt ə nu wərk, aɪ wʊd ˈdɛfənətli wɔnt tɪ wərk wɪθ ðə seɪm tim əˈgɛn. ˈɪntərvˌju ˈpəblɪʃt ɪn ˌʤuˈlaɪ 2017 tɛkst trænzˈleɪtəd baɪ ju ˈmæθjuz. səˈpɔrt ˈjuˈɛs ɔn tɪ hɛlp ˈjuˈɛs riʧ ɑr nu goʊl tɪ səˈsteɪn ðə ˌænəˈmeɪʃən ˈɑrˌkaɪv æt sakugabooru*, ˈvɪdioʊ ɔn ˈjuˌtub, ɛz wɛl ɛz ðɪs blɔg. θæŋks tɪ ˈɛvriˌwən hɛlpt aʊt soʊ fɑr!
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today, the bizarre news that the main creator behind the surprise mega-hit kemono friends had been removed from his role by kadokawa hit the internet. even though it a traditionally well produced anime, we’ve already talked about how much of an unusual triumph the whole project was. to honor its staff after this sad development, we bring you the translation of an interview with the staff of this immensely charming series.
director, series composer, scriptwriter, storyboarder: tatsuki
animation director: yoshihisa isa
– the planning for this series started with a preliminary meeting with the concept designer mine yoshizaki; do you have any impressions or any other thoughts from that meeting?
tatsuki: since it’s already been around 3 years since that meeting, i’d forgotten how nice it was. although we didn’t have that many super fun anecdotes at the start, i remember it being an enjoyable preliminary meeting anyway. despite it being it a clumsy process, it felt like our first story plan was flexible and took shape organically. it was interesting how we were allowed to proceed like that at the studio. naturally, if a play it by ear-type of creative approach turns out to be too much work, the result simply becomes incoherent. but we kept that approach as the core of the production, and in the end i’m glad that there were various viewpoints we were able to consider and reflect on.
– to put it concretely, what do you think is the secret to kemono friends‘ incredible charm?
tatsuki: i guess we started by asking ourselves: “which elements should we merge and what form should they take?” you would expect something like kemono friends to incorporate many concepts. it’s difficult to come up with the words for this, but on a normal series you have 2 or 3 feelings that inhabit it, but in this series dozens of them are intertwining. a big reason as to why those feelings don’t fall flat is due to our small but efficient team, who were capable of grasping the emotions and conveying them. during each stage of the production there was a palpable feeling of inspiration. it seemed like everyone really worked hard to hold on to that balance.
– the anime characters retain the distinct appeal of yoshizaki’s concept designs, don’t they?
tatsuki: naturally the show is based on the charm of yoshizaki-sensei’s designs, but i have memories of us figuring out various ways to stretch the characters’ bodily proportions when they were acting. nevertheless, when compared with typical anime, they have a large head-to-body ratio, don’t they? in a way, characters who have cartoony proportions also seem to have a cuteness about them, so if the designs become focused on those strong points, then great. if a mistake is made at this design stage, then it is quite possible that the entire show will end up feeling half-assed, but we managed to make it to the finish line, while isa was cleverly thinking about what to do when the characters had to move.
isa: when it comes to the production of fully cg episodes, there are many aspects that i think are still immature. nevertheless, i always paid attention to what sort of movement would be appropriate for these characters. it’s not just taking traits from the original animals, but also drawing the positions and actions that would be appropriate for these characters based on the current events. for example, serval’s personality has a strong sense of genuine honesty. but still, it’s not like she acts according to just that one principle; i feel like i avoided situations that would make me think her facial expression should stay the same while i was drawing her.
– which character did you find particularly easy to draw?
isa: personally, it’s tsuchinoko. normally she secretly keeps things to herself, but it’s funny how with her a situation will sometimes just suddenly escalate (laughs). it was simple to understand her as a character i would just go “knowing her, this is how she’d act”.
– what was it like to prepare the character sheets and 3d models of the cast?
isa: at the start the director provided guidelines for the main characters and the general gist of their models. considering that the show becomes centred on serval and kaban’s presence, i completed the other characters according to the height as well as the heads and bodies of those two main characters. of course in reality, after we tried to make them move, there were also many, many things to correct.
– did you create them all by yourself?
isa: no, the director and i had roughly the same share of the work. other than me deciding who would be responsible for which characters, it felt like we completed the show while it was going back and forth between the two of us.
tatsuki: when isa was animating the show, i was grateful to how he would respond to my concrete requests. he would also add in little behaviour quirks like the ears moving, and increase the detail of the backgrounds. the fact that there were so many inspiring details like that was a plus point of the show. when we were first assigning the roles, we hadn’t really filled the post of animation director yet.
– kemono friends seems to have been a little peculiar in its development process.
tatsuki: first off, when it was time to write the story as series composer, i actually began by creating video storyboards. from there the actual scripts were written down, and additionally depending on whether it’s necessary, i’d create more normal storyboards too. it got a little chaotic, but i think that consolidating all of the work together was a good way to do it. however, it was troublesome when the schedule got pushed back. because of that, i wouldn’t recommend working like this….. (laughs)
– even for the more delicate tasks, the co-ordination between the staff didn’t waver, did it?
tatsuki: i think that everything worked out well with the team given that we’ve been long acquainted. during the very first meeting with a new crew you’ll be working with, only around 20% gets finished compared with a standard preliminary meeting. moreover, since this is an anime original story, it is difficult getting the nuance across if you’re working on it together for the first time. because of that, isa also takes my opinion into account.
– director tatsuki is one of the founding members of yaoyorozu (mainly a 3dcg production company); isa, are you also currently affiliated with yaoyorozu?
isa: yes, correct. i had previously worked at a kyoto game company, but director tatsuki’s social network by itself is wide-ranging. taking the director into account, we moved to tokyo so we could work on kemono friends.
– in conversations between you and tatsuki, what impression has he left on you?
isa: more than anything else, i was surprised at the stories he’d come up with. during almost every episode i had surprising moments that made me go “is this really happening!?” (laughs). for example, there’s the intimidating presence of shoebill in episode 6, as well as mirai and serval’s conversation in episode 10 among other moments. i think the developments in episode 10 had neat scenes for people who had played the game, but i worked on it while also being like “oooohh!” myself. i was surprised at how that episode had a different meaning to it after the finale. i was looking into how to fit an incredibly large amount of friends on-screen, even though there had already been quite a few before! the large amount of resources it took to make that episode surpassed our expectations (laughs).
tatsuki: he’s right about the finale, episode 12. episodes 6, 8, and 11 also were especially intense production-wise in my opinion. when it comes to raw time spent doing work in the anime industry during 2016, isa and the art director (yuko) shiromizu were probably in the top 3…. with the exception of eating and sleeping, they were working pretty much all the time.
isa: we certainly had some trouble, but it was good fun. if we hadn’t enjoyed creating it, then we wouldn’t have been able to keep going.
tatsuki: if i didn’t have this team, i definitely think that we wouldn’t have survived.
– episode 1’s “don’t eat me” line and the paper airplane among others acted as foreshadowing for the last episode. i was struck by how that completely came full circle.
tatsuki: while as creators we’re free to choose how the characters will turn out, i have to keep the story tight to a certain extent. this time, the series composition and screenplay for the most part was created at the same time with the video storyboard method, and above all i’m grateful that the studio had a live feeling to it; the characters felt like they came to life.
– we’ve now reached the final episode, but there are still plenty of mysteries left.
tatsuki: that is exactly how i wanted it be from the first draft. naturally, if we were talk about them, we could do so as much as we like. but i think that i would give away too much, and say something different from what the viewers will think. i believe fans should be allowed to enjoy imagining what’s going on.
– the “sandstar” from which the friends are originated also has a wide-ranging imaginative scope to it, but despite that, still remains a mysterious concept.
tatsuki: that feel and the sense of it being light is what we decided on to depict sandstar. we co-operated a great deal with the composite crew to achieve it. if we had an opportunity to create a new series from here on out, there could be a few more mysteries to be uncovered. i still want to write more about the story of this world, so if i get that chance, i hope that it’ll turn out well.
isa: we have plenty of friends who still haven’t been introduced yet. considering that all of them have this really appealing individuality to them, i do want to draw all these characters. and after that, if i create a new work, i would definitely want to work with the same team again.
interview published in animage july 2017, text translated by hugh matthews.
support us on patreon to help us reach our new goal to sustain the animation archive at sakugabooru, sakuga video on youtube, as well as this sakuga blog. thanks to everyone who’s helped out so far!
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ˈhoʊmˌsɪk ɪn ʃəˈkɑˌgoʊ ɪn 2011 ˈdænɪkə ˈændərsən wɛnt tɪ it æt bɪˈkəz ɪt riˈmaɪndɪd hər əv groʊɪŋ əp ɪn ðə saʊθ. waɪl ˈitɪŋ ə ˈbrɛdɪd ˈʧɪkən ˈsænwɪʧ ɔn ðə ˈpætiˌoʊ, hər ˈhəzbənd, θæd, hu hæd ˈrisəntli muvd ðə ˈfæməli tɪ ðə ˈsɪti soʊ hi kʊd pərˈsu ə ˈtiʧɪŋ ʤɑb, səˈʤɛstɪd ʃi fɪl aʊt ə ʤɑb ˌæpləˈkeɪʃən. mənθs ˈleɪtər, aɪ wɑz ðə dɪˈrɛktər əv operations,”*,” ˈændərsən sɛd, gɛs ju kʊd seɪ ɪt wɑz ən ˌædvənˈteɪʤəs meal.”*.” fæst ˈfɔrwərd əˈnəðər tu jɪrz, ənd ˈkɔrpərət ˈɔfəs wɑz əˈproʊʧɪŋ ˈændərsən əˈbaʊt bɪˈkəmɪŋ ə ˈrɛˌstrɑnt ˈɑpərˌeɪtər. ˈhævɪŋ groʊn əp wɪθ ə ˈsɪŋgəl ˈməðər hu ˈstɑrtɪd hər oʊn ˌrɛzɪˈdɛnʃəl ˈklinɪŋ ˈkəmpəˌni, ˈændərsən, 26 ləvd ðə aɪˈdiə əv biɪŋ ən ˌɑntrəprəˈnʊr. ɔn mɑrʧ 10 ˈændərsən wɪl ˈoʊpən fɔrθ ɪn oʊk ˈdrɛksəl taʊn skwɛr. ə ɪn maʊnt ˈplɛzənt ɪz ˈɔlsoʊ ˈskɛʤʊld tɪ ˈoʊpən ɪn mɑrʧ. ˈkərəntli, ðɛr ər ˈrɛˌstrɑnts ɪn ˈbrʊkˌfild, ənd ˈmædɪsən. ɪz ˈɔlsoʊ ˈplænɪŋ stɔrz ɔn ˈhaɪˌweɪ 100 ɪn wɛst ˈælɪs ənd ˈsɛkənd loʊˈkeɪʃənz ɪn ˈbrʊkˌfild ənd ˈmædɪsən. nɑt proʊz æt ðə ril ɛˈsteɪt ˈmɑrkɪt ɪn mɪlˈwɔki, bət wi dɪˈvɛləp riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪps wɪθ ðə ˈbroʊkərz hu are,”*,” sɛd ˈstivən gɔɪnz, ə ˈfɔrmər ˈɑpərˌeɪtər hu naʊ hɛlps nu ˈoʊnərz lɔnʧ ðɛr ˈrɛˌstrɑnts. ““ultimately*, ðə swit spɑt ɪz haɪ ˌrɛzɪˈdɛnʃəl, haɪ ˈbɪznɪs ənd haɪ ˈriˌteɪl ɪf wi hɪt tu əv ðə θri, ə spɑt wi wɔnt tɪ bi in.”*.” gɔɪnz sɛd ðə ˈkəmpəˌni dɪz nɑt wɔnt tɪ ˈsæʧərˌeɪt ðə ˈmɑrkɪt, bət hoʊps tɪ ˈoʊpən tu ˈrɛˌstrɑnts ɪn wɪˈskɑnsən iʧ jɪr fər ðə nɛkst 10 jɪrz. ə jɪr meɪ saʊnd sloʊ, bət ðɛr ər ə ˈkəpəl əv dɑts ɔn ðə mæp wɛr wi wʊd stɪl laɪk tɪ go,”*,” gɔɪnz sɛd. wʊd laɪk tɪ ɪkˈspænd tɪ lɑ krɑs, ˈɔʃˌkɔʃ ənd grin bay.”*.” waɪl ˈændərsən wɑz stɪl ˈlʊkɪŋ æt ðoʊz pəˈtɛnʃəl ɔn ðə map,”*,” ʃi ənd hər ˈhəzbənd spɛnt ðə ˈwiˌkɪnd ɪn mɪlˈwɔki. ˈæftər ðət trɪp, ʃi ˈkɑnˌtæktɪd ənd sɛd oʊk krik wɑz hər fərst ʧɔɪs fər ə ˈrɛˌstrɑnt. θæd gɑt ə ʤɑb wɪθ ðə hoʊp ˈkrɪsʧɪn skulz ˈnɛtˌwərk ɪn ˌʤuˈlaɪ, ənd ˈdænɪkə muvd tɪ oʊk krik ɪn dɪˈsɛmbər ˈmɑrkɪŋ ðə fərst taɪm ɪn fɔr jɪrz ˈdænɪkə həz hæd ə faɪv ˈmɪnət kəmˈjut ənd oʊnd ə kɑr. bət bɪˈkəmɪŋ ə ˈmɛmbər əv ðə ˈfæməli ˈizi. ˌɔlˈðoʊ ˈændərsən wɑz ˈʧoʊzən ˈæftər tu jɪrz əv ˈsərvɪs, ɪt tʊk əˈnəðər tu jɪrz əv ˈɪntərvˌjuz ənd ˈtreɪnɪŋ ˌbiˈfɔr ʃi saɪnd hər ˈɔpərˌeɪtɪŋ əˈgrimənt ɪn sɛpˈtɛmbər. pɑrt əv ðə ˈɪntərvˌju ˈprɔˌsɛs ɪz tɪ meɪk ʃʊr pəˈtɛnʃəl ˈɔpərˌeɪtərz fɪt ðə moʊld. ɛs. trut ˈkæθi, ðə leɪt ˈfaʊndər, ˌɪnˈkɔrpərˌeɪtɪd ˈkrɪsʧɪn ˈvæljuz ˈɪntu hɪz ˈbɪznɪs, wɪʧ ˌɪnˈkludɪd ˈkloʊzɪŋ ðə ɪnˈtaɪər ʧeɪn ɔn ˈsənˌdiz. dæn ˈkæθi, ðə ˈsiˌiˈoʊ əv ðə ˈkəmpəˌni ənd ɛs. sən, keɪm ˈəndər faɪər frəm geɪ raɪts səˈpɔrtərz ɪn 2012 fər ˈoʊpənli əˈpoʊzɪŋ ˌseɪmˈsɛks ˈmɛrɪʤ. ˈoʊvər ðə pæst ˈsɛvərəl jɪrz, ðə ˈkəmpəˌni həz meɪd ən ˈɛfərt tɪ ˈsɛpərˌeɪt ˈpərsɪnəl əˈpɪnjən frəm ˈkɔrpərət ˈpɑləsi. gɔɪnz kəmˈpɛrd ðə ˈprɔˌsɛs əv ˈhaɪrɪŋ ˈrɛˌstrɑnt ˈɔpərˌeɪtərz tɪ ə lɔŋ ˈkɔˌrʧɪp ˌbiˈfɔr ˈmɛrɪʤ. bɪˈkəz əv ðə wərk dən ɔn ðə frənt ɛnd, ðə ˈtərˌnoʊvər reɪt fər stɔr ˈɔpərˌeɪtərz ɪz ɪn ðə loʊ ˈsɪŋgəl ˈdɪʤɪts, gɔɪnz sɛd. ˈfaʊndər fɛlt laɪk goʊɪŋ ˈɪntu ˈbɪznɪs wɪθ ən ˈɑpərˌeɪtər wɑz laɪk bɪˈkəmɪŋ ˈfæməli ˈmɛmbərz; ˈjuʒəwəli ˌbiˈfɔr ju ˈmɛri ˈsəmˌwən, ju deɪt fər ə while,”*,” gɔɪnz sɛd. ə sloʊ ˈprɔˌsɛs ənd səm ˈpipəl gɪt frustrated.”*.” ˈændərsən sɛd ðə ˌɪnˈkludɪd sɪks wiks əv ˈtreɪnɪŋ æt hoʊm ˈɔfəs ɪn æˈtlæntə ənd əˈnəðər wik əv ˈʃædoʊɪŋ ɪn ˈgrinvɪl, s.c*., wɪθ ə operator”*” hu wɪl kənˈtɪnju tɪ ˈfɑloʊ hər ˈprɑˌgrɛs ˈoʊvər ðə nɛkst jɪr wɪθ ˈfrikˌwɛnt ˈvɪzɪts tɪ oʊk ˈrɪgərəs, bət ˈnɛsəˌsɛri. dɪz ə greɪt ʤɑb əv prəˈtɛktɪŋ ðə brænd ənd ˈmeɪkɪŋ ʃʊr boʊθ saɪdz ˌəndərˈstænd ðə əˈgrimənt ðeɪ ər ˈɛnərɪŋ into,”*,” ʃi sɛd. ðɛr ɪz ˈɔlsoʊ ə sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt əˈmaʊnt əv ˌkɑmpəˈtɪʃən əˈbaʊt ˈpipəl ə jɪr əˈplaɪ tɪ bi ə ˈrɛˌstrɑnt ˈɑpərˌeɪtər ənd fjuər ðən 90 ər ˈʧoʊzən, gɔɪnz sɛd. ðə ˈrɛˌstrɑnt ʧeɪn ɪz soʊ ˈpɑpjələr frəm prəˈspɛktɪv ˌfrænʧaɪˈziz bɪˈkəz ɪt ɪz sɪgˈnɪfɪkəntli lɛs ɪkˈspɛnsɪv tɪ oʊn ə ˈfrænˌʧaɪz ðən ˈɛni ˈəðər brænd. ˈɔpərˌeɪtərz peɪ ɪn fʊl wɪn ðeɪ saɪn ðɛr əˈgrimənt. ə nu ˈrɛˌstrɑnt kɔsts ðə ˈkəmpəˌni əˈbaʊt 3 ˈmɪljən tɪ ˈoʊpən, gɔɪnz sɛd. baɪ kəmˈpɛrəsən, ə ˈfrænˌʧaɪz fi ɪz pləs ðə ˈɑpərˌeɪtər peɪz 40 pərˈsɛnt əv ðə ˈtoʊtəl kɔst əv ðə nu ˈrɛˌstrɑnt, wɪʧ ˈreɪnʤɪz frəm tɪ ˈmɪljən, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ðə ˈwɛbˌsaɪt. ðɛr ɪz ˈɔlsoʊ ə ˈmənθli ˈsərvɪs fi əv 4 pərˈsɛnt əv ˈmənθli seɪlz. ɔn ðə flɪp saɪd, ˈɔpərˌeɪtərz oʊn ðə ˈbɪldɪŋ ˈæftər 20 jɪrz. wɪθ, ðə ˈoʊnli baɪz ðə raɪt tɪ ˈɔpərˌeɪt ðə ˈrɛˌstrɑnt ðɛr ɪz noʊ ˈoʊnərˌʃɪp əv ðə ˈprɑpərti. gɔɪnz sɛd ðə ˈfrænˌʧaɪzɪz wər sɛt əp ðɪs weɪ soʊ ˈməni wɑz nɑt ə ˈbɛriər fər ˈpipəl hu ˈwɔntɪd tɪ bɪˈkəm ˌɪnˈvɑlvd ɪn ðə ˈbɪznɪs. ə greɪt partnership,”*,” ˈændərsən sɛd. ðə ˈbɪznɪs nidz ˈəpˌgreɪdz, ðeɪ ər ðɛr fər ju, soʊ ɪt filz laɪk ə ˈpɑrtnərˌʃɪp ðə hoʊl time.”*.” æt 26 ˈændərsən noʊz ʃi wɪl nɑt ˈlaɪkli spɛnd hər ɪnˈtaɪər kərɪr ˈɔpərˌeɪtɪŋ ðə ɪn oʊk krik. wɪn ˈrɛdi tɪ muv ɔn, ʃi ænˈtɪsəˌpeɪts goʊɪŋ ðə seɪm rut gɔɪnz dɪd ənd ˈmuvɪŋ ˈoʊvər tɪ ðə ˈkɔrpərət saɪd əv ðə ˈbɪznɪs. ənˈtɪl ðɛn, ˈændərsən ɪz ˈlʊkɪŋ ˈfɔrwərd tɪ ˈsərvɪŋ hər ˈkəstəmərz ənd biɪŋ ə strɔŋ ˈlidər fər ðə 75 ɪmˈplɔɪiz ʃi wɪl hæv ɪn oʊk krik. θɪŋk maɪ ˈstɔri kən bi ə fən wən fər maɪ tim ˈmɛmbərz, ˈwɛðər ɪt ɪz ðɛr fərst ʤɑb ər ðɛr career,”*,” ʃi sɛd. ˈrɛˌstrɑnt ˈɪndəstri ɪz ˈkəmɪŋ bæk əraʊnd fər jəŋ ˈpipəl tɪ dɪˈvɛləp kərɪrz aʊt əv. ðɪs hæv tɪ bi ə ˈlɔŋˈtərm kərɪr, bət ɪt kən be.”*.” gɪt ðə ˈleɪtəst kəˈmərʃəl ril ɛˈsteɪt nuz dɪˈlɪvərd tɪ jʊr ˈɛvəri ˈwɛnzˌdeɪ. saɪn əp fər biztimes’*’ ril ɛˈsteɪt ˈwikli ˈnuzˌlɛtər æt biztimes.com/subscribe*.
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homesick in chicago in 2011, danica anderson went to eat at chick-fil-a because it reminded her of growing up in the south.
while eating a breaded chicken sandwich on the restaurant’s patio, her husband, thad, who had recently moved the family to the city so he could pursue a teaching job, suggested she fill out a job application.
“two months later, i was the director of operations,” anderson said, “i guess you could say it was an advantageous meal.”
fast forward another two years, and chick-fil-a’s corporate office was approaching anderson about becoming a restaurant operator. having grown up with a single mother who started her own residential cleaning company, anderson, 26, loved the idea of being an entrepreneur.
on march 10, anderson will open wisconsin’s fourth standalone chick-fil-a in oak creek’s drexel town square. a chick-fil-a in mount pleasant is also scheduled to open in march. currently, there are standalone chick-fil-a restaurants in brookfield, greendale and madison.
chick-fil-a is also planning stores on highway 100 in west allis and second locations in brookfield and madison.
“we’re not pros at the real estate market in milwaukee, but we develop relationships with the brokers who are,” said stephen goins, a former chick-fil-a operator who now helps new owners launch their restaurants. “ultimately, the sweet spot is high residential, high business and high retail if we hit two of the three, a spot we want to be in.”
goins said the company does not want to saturate the market, but hopes to open two chick-fil-a restaurants in wisconsin each year for the next 10 years.
“two a year may sound slow, but there are a couple of dots on the map where we would still like to go,” goins said. “we would like to expand to la crosse, oshkosh and green bay.”
while anderson was still looking at those potential “dots on the map,” she and her husband spent the weekend in milwaukee. after that trip, she contacted chick-fil-a and said oak creek was her first choice for a restaurant.
thad got a job with the hope christian schools network in july, and danica moved to oak creek in december marking the first time in four years danica has had a five minute commute and owned a car.
but becoming a member of the chick-fil-a family wasn’t easy. although anderson was chosen after two years of service, it took another two years of interviews and training before she signed her operating agreement in september.
part of the interview process is to make sure potential operators fit the chick-fil-a mold. s. truett cathy, the company’s late founder, incorporated christian values into his business, which included closing the entire chain on sundays. dan cathy, the ceo of the company and s. truett’s son, came under fire from gay rights supporters in 2012 for openly opposing same-sex marriage. over the past several years, the company has made an effort to separate personal opinion from corporate policy.
goins compared the process of hiring restaurant operators to a long courtship before marriage. because of the work done on the front end, the turnover rate for store operators is in the low single digits, goins said.
“our founder felt like going into business with an operator was like becoming family members; usually before you marry someone, you date for a while,” goins said. “it’s a slow process and some people get frustrated.”
anderson said the process—which included six weeks of training at chick-fil-a’s home office in atlanta and another week of shadowing in greenville, s.c., with a “support operator” who will continue to follow her progress over the next year with frequent visits to oak creek—was rigorous, but necessary.
“chick-fil-a does a great job of protecting the brand and making sure both sides understand the agreement they are entering into,” she said.
there is also a significant amount of competition about 18,000 people a year apply to be a chick-fil-a restaurant operator and fewer than 90 are chosen, goins said.
the restaurant chain is so popular from prospective franchisees because it is significantly less expensive to own a chick-fil-a franchise than any other brand. operators pay $10,000 in full when they sign their operator’s agreement. a new chick-fil-a restaurant costs the company about $3 million to open, goins said.
by comparison, a mcdonald’s franchise fee is $45,000, plus the operator pays 40 percent of the total cost of the new restaurant, which ranges from $944,000 to $2.1 million, according to the mcdonald’s website. there is also a monthly service fee of 4 percent of monthly sales.
on the flip side, mcdonald’s operators own the building after 20 years. with chick-fil-a, the $10,000 only buys the right to operate the restaurant there is no ownership of the property.
goins said the franchises were set up this way so money was not a barrier for people who wanted to become involved in the business.
“it’s a great partnership,” anderson said. “when the business needs upgrades, they are there for you, so it feels like a partnership the whole time.”
at 26, anderson knows she will not likely spend her entire career operating the chick-fil-a in oak creek. when she’s ready to move on, she anticipates going the same route goins did and moving over to the corporate side of the business.
until then, anderson is looking forward to serving her customers and being a strong leader for the 75 employees she will have in oak creek.
“i think my story can be a fun one for my team members, whether it is their first job or their career,” she said. “the restaurant industry is coming back around for young people to develop careers out of. this have to be a long-term career, but it can be.”
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ə fri ˌɪˈrɑn ˈræli nɪr juˈnaɪtɪd ˈneɪʃənz ˈhɛdˌkɔrtərz ɪn nu jɔrk ˈwɛnzˌdeɪ ˈfiʧərd ˈkɛrɪkəˌʧər ˈpəpɪts əv ˌɪˈrɑniən ˈprɛzɪdənt ˌhɑˈsɑn ənd səˈprim ˈlidər ˌaɪəˈtoʊlə ˈɑli kəˈmeɪˌni. (ˈfoʊˌtoʊ: oiac*) (cnsnews.com*) ˈfɔrmər ˌdɛməˈkrætɪk sɛn. ʤoʊ ˈlibərmən toʊld ə iran”*” ˈræli ɪn nu jɔrk ðɪs wik ðət waɪl hi ˈɔlˌweɪz si aɪ tɪ aɪ wɪθ ˈprɛzɪdənt trəmp, ɪt kəmz tɪ ˌɪˈrɑn, ðə ʧeɪnʤ frəm ðə læst ædˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃən tɪ ðɪs wən ɪz ə ʧeɪnʤ frəm naɪt tɪ deɪ, frəm ˈdɑrknəs tɪ ˈsənˌlaɪt, frəm ˌɪˈluʒən tɪ ˌriˈæləˌti ənd realism.”*.” æˈdrɛsɪŋ ənd ˈəðərz ˈproʊˌtɛstɪŋ əˈgɛnst ˈprɛzɪdənt ˌhɑˈsɑn ˈprɛzəns æt ðə ˈnɪrˈbaɪ juˈnaɪtɪd ˈneɪʃənz ˈhɛdˌkɔrtərz ˈwɛnzˌdeɪ, ˈlibərmən sɛd trəmp həz meɪd ðət klɪr θruaʊt hɪz ˈprɛzɪdənsi, bət ˈnɛvər mɔr soʊ ðən ɪn hɪz ““extraordinary”*” spiʧ tɪ ðə wərld ˈbɑdi ˈərliər ðɪs wik. hi sɛd ðə ˌoʊˈbɑmə ædˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃən ðət ɪf ɪt saɪnd ðət 2015 ˈnukliər əˈgrimənt wɪθ ˌɪˈrɑn, ˌɪˈrɑn wʊd ʧeɪnʤ, bɪˈkəm mɔr moderate.”*.” ðə fækt ɪz, ɪn ðə jɪrz ənd ˈɔlˌmoʊst tu jɪrz sɪns ðə əˈgrimənt wɑz ˈɪmpləˌmɛnəd, ˈnəθɪŋ əˈbaʊt ðə əˈtroʊʃəs, əˈgrɛsɪv, ɪkˈstrimɪst bɪˈheɪvjər əv ˌɪˈrɑn həz ʧeɪnʤd. ˈprɛzɪdənt trəmp siz ðət ənd spiks tɪ it.”*.” ˈlibərmən dru əˈtɛnʃən ɪn ˌpɑˈtɪkjələr tɪ wən ˈsteɪtmənt ɪn spiʧ, dɪˈrɛktɪd æt ðə ˌɪˈrɑniən ˈpipəl. ðə ˈprɛzɪdənt sɛd, rəˈʒimz ˈkænɑt ɪnˈdʊr fərˈɛvər, ənd ðə deɪ wɪl kəm wɪn ðə ˌɪˈrɑniən ˈpipəl wɪl feɪs ə ʧɔɪs. wɪl ðeɪ kənˈtɪnju daʊn ðə pæθ əv ˈpɑvərti, ˈblədˌʃɛd, ənd ˈtɛrər? ər wɪl ðə ˌɪˈrɑniən ˈpipəl rɪˈtərn tɪ ðə praʊd ruts ɛz ə ˈsɛnər əv ˌsɪvəlɪˈzeɪʃən, ˈkəlʧər, ənd wɛlθ, wɛr ðɛr ˈpipəl kən bi ˈhæpi ənd ˈprɑspərəs wəns again?”*?” ˈlibərmən sɛd ðə ˌɪˈrɑniən ˈpipəl ər ɔˈrɛdi ˈdɛmənˌstreɪtɪŋ ðət ðeɪ hæv hæd ɪˈnəf əv ðə rəˈʒim, ˈpɔɪntɪŋ tɪ rɪˈpɔrts əv ən ˈɛstəˌmeɪtɪd ækts əv ˈproʊˌtɛst əˈkrɔs ðə ˈkəntri ˈoʊvər ðə pæst jɪr. hi ɪkˈsprɛst ðə hoʊp ðət trəmp wɪl stɑrt səˈpɔrtɪŋ ˌɪˈrɑniən ˌɑpəˈzɪʃən grups, məʧ ɛz ðə juz. ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə dɑrk jɪrz fər ðə ˈpipəl əv ˈistərn ənd ˈsɛntrəl ˈjʊrəp, hu hæd tɪ lɪv ˈəndər ðə ˈtɪrəni əv ðə communists.”*.” ˈɔlsoʊ ˈpreɪzɪŋ u.n*. spiʧ wɑz ə ˈfɔrmər juz. æmˈbæsədər tɪ ðə wərld ˈbɑdi, ʤɑn ˈboʊltən, hu dɪˈskraɪbd ɪt ɛz ðə bɛst əv hɪz ˈprɛzɪdənsi. ˈboʊltən toʊld ðə ˈgæðərɪŋ ðə juz. ʃʊd dɪˈklɛr ən əˈfɪʃəl ˈpɑləsi əv rəˈʒim ʧeɪnʤ. θɪŋk ðə wərld nidz tɪ hir ðɪs wɪθ ˈklɛrɪti, ənd aɪ θɪŋk ˈprɛzɪdənt trəmp leɪd ðə graʊnd wərk fər ðət əˈnaʊnsmɛnt ɪn hɪz spiʧ tɪ ðə ˈʤɛnərəl əˈsɛmbli ˈjɛstərˌdeɪ, wɪn hi strɛst ðət ðə praɪm ˈvɪktɪmz əv ðə rəˈʒim ɪn ˌteɪˈrɑn wər ðə ˈpipəl əv ˌɪˈrɑn themselves,”*,” hi sɛd. ɪz ə ˈkrɪtɪkəl ˈsteɪtmənt baɪ ðə ˈprɛzɪdənt bɪˈkəz ˈɛni rəˈʒim ɛz ˈmərdərəs ənd ˌtoʊˌtælɪˈtɛriən ɛz ðɪs wən ɪz ˈkænɑt ˈpɑsəbli hæv ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl legitimacy,”*,” ˈboʊltən sɛd. ˈoʊnli kəmz frəm ðə vɔɪs əv ðə ˈpipəl. wət ril ˈnæʃənəl ˈsɑvrənti means.”*.” əv ˈivəl ɪz nɑt ə ˈmɛtəfɔr; ə reality’*’ ˈboʊltən ˈsaɪtɪd ðə rɪsks poʊzd tɪ ðə wərld baɪ nɔrθ ˈnukliər ənd ˈmɪsəl ækˈtɪvɪtiz ənd ˈpɔɪntɪd aʊt ðət nɔrθ ˌkɔˈriə ənd ˌɪˈrɑn hæv bɪn koʊˈɑpərˌeɪtɪŋ ɪn ðoʊz fildz fər ˈmɛni jɪrz. əˈkɑmplɪʃmənts nɔrθ ˌkɔˈriə meɪks ɪn ðə ˈnukliər ənd bəˈlɪstɪk ˈmɪsəl fildz, ðə ˌaɪəˈtɑlɑz kən hæv ðə nɛkst deɪ baɪ, ˈraɪtɪŋ ə ʧɛk lɑrʤ enough,”*,” hi ˈɑrgjud. ə fri ˌɪˈrɑn ˈræli nɪr juˈnaɪtɪd ˈneɪʃənz ˈhɛdˌkɔrtərz ɪn nu jɔrk ˈwɛnzˌdeɪ ˈfiʧərd ˈfoʊˌtoʊz əv ˈnæʃənəl ˈkaʊnsəl əv rɪˈzɪstəns əv ˌɪˈrɑn ˈlidərz ənd. (ˈfoʊˌtoʊ: oaic*) ˈboʊltən sɛd ðə tu regimes’*’ ˈmɪsəl ˈproʊˌgræmz ʃɛr ðə seɪm əˈbʤɛktɪv: tɪ dɪˈlɪvər ˈnukliər ˈwɛpənz; nɑt tɪ lɔnʧ ˈwɛðər ər kəmˌjunəˈkeɪʃən satellites.”*.” hi sɛd ðə ˈprɑbləmz poʊzd baɪ nɔrθ ˌkɔˈriə ənd ˌɪˈrɑn wər nɑt ˈsɛpərˌeɪt. ər ˈbeɪsɪkli ðə seɪm problem,”*,” hi sɛd. əv evil’*’ ɪz nɑt ə ˈmɛtəfɔr, ə reality.”*.” ˈspikərz æt ðə ˈræli reɪzd ðə ˌɪˈrɑn ˈnukliər dil, ˈvɔɪsɪŋ hoʊp ðət trəmp hu ɪz rikˈwaɪərd baɪ lɔ tɪ ˈsərtəˌfaɪ baɪ kəmˈplaɪəns wɪθ ɪts kəˈmɪtmənts ˈəndər ðə əˈgrimənt wɪl nɑt du soʊ. ˈlibərmən sɛd u.n*. spiʧ geɪv ɪm hoʊp ðət ðə ˈprɛzɪdənt wɪl meɪk ðət ʧɔɪs. geɪv ˈjuˈɛs hoʊp tɪ bɪˈliv ðə ˈprɛzɪdənt dɪd wət aɪ θɪŋk wɪn wi mɛt hir læst jɪr æt ðɪs taɪm wi ˈnɛvər wʊd hæv ˌɪˈmæʤənd wɑz ˈpɑsəbəl: ðət ðə ˈprɛzɪdənt əv ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts meɪ wɛl sun diˈsərtəˌfaɪ ˌɪˈrɑn ɛˈsɛnʃəli ˈpʊlɪŋ ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts aʊt əv ðɪs bæd agreement,”*,” hi sɛd. ðət ɪz ən ˌɪnˈkrɛdəbli ˈpɑzətɪv tərn əv events.”*.” juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts ʃʊd ˈæbrəˌgeɪt ðə ˈnukliər deal,”*,” sɛd ˈboʊltən. ˈprɛzɪdənt ʤɪst diˈsərtəˌfaɪ ɪt, hi ʃʊd gɪt aʊt əv ɪt ənd kriˈeɪt ə nu ˌriˈæləˌti soʊ ðət wi kən teɪk ˌwəˈtɛvər stɛps ər ˈnɛsəˌsɛri tɪ prɪˈvɛnt ˌɪˈrɑn frəm əˈʧivɪŋ ðɪs ˈnukliər ˌkeɪpəˈbɪləti ðət ðə rəˈʒim həz sought.”*.” ðə ˈræli, əreɪnʤd baɪ ðə ˌɔrgənəˈzeɪʃən əv ˌɪˈrɑniən əˈmɛrɪkən kəmˈjunɪtiz, dru səˈpɔrtərz əv ðə ˈɛkˌsaɪld ˈnæʃənəl ˈkaʊnsəl əv rɪˈzɪstəns əv ˌɪˈrɑn (ncri*) ənd ˈfiʧərd ˈplækərdz ˈbɛrɪŋ ˈfoʊˌtoʊz əv ˈlidərz ənd. ɪn ə spiʧ rɛd aʊt ɔn hər bɪˈhæf, ˈkrɪtəˌsaɪzd ðə u.n*. fər ˈwɛlkəmɪŋ. du dɔrz kənˈtɪnju tɪ bi ˈoʊpənd tɪ ðə əˈfɪʃəlz əv ə rəˈʒim wɪʧ həz kɛpt ðɛr grɪp ɔn paʊər baɪ ˈʃɛdɪŋ ən ˈoʊʃən əv blood?”*?” ʃi æst. lɔŋ ɛz ðə ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl kəmˈjunɪti ənd ðə u.n*. ˈwɛlkəm ðə ˌɪˈrɑniən əˈprɛsərz, ðeɪ wɪl kənˈtɪnju tɪ ˈvaɪəleɪt ˈjumən raɪts ənd warmongering,”*,” sɛd. wɪl ˈɔlsoʊ ˌɛkˈsplɔɪt ðə u.n*. ˈpoʊdiəm tɪ dɪˈfɛnd ðɛr bɑrˈbɛrɪk theocracy.”*.” ɪn hɪz spiʧ ɪn nu jɔrk, pɔrˈtreɪd ˌɪˈrɑn ɛz ə ˈkəntri ðə əv ˈfaɪtɪŋ terror,”*,” dɪsˈmɪsɪŋ strɔŋ ˈkrɪtɪˌsɪzəm ə deɪ ˈərliər ɛz ““ignorant*, əbˈsərd ənd ˈheɪtfəl ˈrɛtərɪk, fɪld wɪθ rəˈdɪkjələsli ˈbeɪsləs allegations.”*.”
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a free iran rally near united nations headquarters in new york wednesday featured caricature puppets of iranian president hasan rouhani and supreme leader ayatollah ali khamenei. (photo: oiac)
(cnsnews.com) – former democratic sen. joe lieberman told a “free iran” rally in new york this week that while he doesn’t always see eye to eye with president trump, “when it comes to iran, the change from the last administration to this one is a change from night to day, from darkness to sunlight, from illusion to reality and realism.”
addressing iranian-americans and others protesting against president hasan rouhani’s presence at the nearby united nations headquarters wednesday, lieberman said trump has made that clear throughout his eight-month presidency, but never more so than in his “extraordinary” speech to the world body earlier this week.
he said the obama administration “felt that if it signed that [2015] nuclear agreement with iran, iran would change, become more moderate.”
“and the fact is, in the years and almost two years since the agreement was implemented, nothing about the atrocious, aggressive, extremist behavior of iran has changed. president trump sees that and speaks to it.”
lieberman drew attention in particular to one statement in trump’s speech, directed at the iranian people.
the president said, “oppressive regimes cannot endure forever, and the day will come when the iranian people will face a choice. will they continue down the path of poverty, bloodshed, and terror? or will the iranian people return to the nation’s proud roots as a center of civilization, culture, and wealth, where their people can be happy and prosperous once again?”
lieberman said the iranian people are already demonstrating that they have had enough of the regime, pointing to reports of an estimated 11,000 acts of anti-regime protest across the country over the past year.
he expressed the hope that trump will start supporting iranian opposition groups, much as the u.s. “did during the dark years for the people of eastern and central europe, who had to live under the tyranny of the communists.”
also praising trump’s u.n. speech was a former u.s. ambassador to the world body, john bolton, who described it as the best of his presidency.
bolton told the gathering the u.s. should declare an official policy of regime change.
“i think the world needs to hear this with clarity, and i think president trump laid the ground work for that announcement in his speech to the general assembly yesterday, when he stressed that the prime victims of the regime in tehran were the people of iran themselves,” he said.
“this is a critical statement by the president because any regime that’s as murderous and totalitarian as this one is cannot possibly have international legitimacy,” bolton said. “legitimacy only comes from the voice of the people. that’s what real national sovereignty means.”
‘axis of evil is not a metaphor; it’s a reality’
bolton cited the risks posed to the world by north korea’s nuclear and missile activities and pointed out that north korea and iran have been cooperating in those fields for many years.
“whatever accomplishments north korea makes in the nuclear and ballistic missile fields, the ayatollahs can have the next day by, writing a check that’s large enough,” he argued.
a free iran rally near united nations headquarters in new york wednesday featured photos of national council of resistance of iran leaders massoud rajavi and maryam rajavi. (photo: oaic)
bolton said the two regimes’ missile programs share the same objective: “they’re to deliver nuclear weapons; they’re not to launch weather or communication satellites.”
he said the problems posed by north korea and iran were not separate.
“they are basically the same problem,” he said. “the ‘axis of evil’ is not a metaphor, it’s a reality.”
speakers at the rally raised the iran nuclear deal, voicing hope that trump – who is required by law to certify by mid-october iran’s compliance with its commitments under the agreement – will not do so.
lieberman said trump’s u.n. speech gave him hope that the president will make that choice.
“he gave us hope to believe – the president did – what i think when we met here last year at this time we never would have imagined was possible: that the president of the united states may well soon decertify iran essentially pulling the united states out of this bad agreement,” he said. “and that is an incredibly positive turn of events.”
“the united states should abrogate the nuclear deal,” said bolton. “the president shouldn’t just decertify it, he should get out of it and create a new reality so that we can take whatever steps are necessary to prevent iran from achieving this nuclear capability that the regime has sought.”
the rally, arranged by the organization of iranian american communities, drew supporters of the exiled national council of resistance of iran (ncri) and featured placards bearing photos of ncri leaders massoud rajavi and maryam rajavi.
in a speech read out on her behalf, maryam rajavi criticized the u.n. for welcoming rouhani.
“why do u.n.’s doors continue to be opened to the officials of a regime which has kept their grip on power by shedding an ocean of blood?” she asked.
“so long as the international community and the u.n. welcome the iranian people’s oppressors, they will continue to violate human rights and warmongering,” rajavi said. “they will also exploit the u.n. podium to defend their barbaric theocracy.”
in his speech in new york, rouhani portrayed iran as a country “on the frontlines of fighting terror,” dismissing trump’s strong criticism a day earlier as “ignorant, absurd and hateful rhetoric, filled with ridiculously baseless allegations.”
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dræft ɪz ə ˈsɪriz əˈbaʊt ðə ɑrt ənd kræft əv ˈraɪtɪŋ. jɪrz əˈgoʊ, aɪ mɛt wəns ə wik, 9 a.m*. ʃɑrp, wɪθ ə ˈθɛrəpɪst hum aɪ wɪl kɔl ˈdɑktər. ˈmeɪsən. wi wʊd ˈsɛtəl ɪn ʧɛrz, ˈdɑktər. ˈmeɪsən, ə sˈlɛndər, ˈbɔldɪŋ ɪn ˈbleɪzər ənd straɪpt taɪ, ənd mi, ən ˈæŋʃəs ˌækəˈdɛmɪk ɪn ənd tweeds*. ˈsəmˌtaɪmz plənʤ ˈɪntu ˌwəˈtɛvər wɑz ɔn maɪ maɪnd, bət ˈəðər taɪmz wi wʊd sɪt ənd lʊk æt iʧ ˈəðər ɪn ˈsaɪləns ɛz aɪ ˈstrəgəld fər wərdz. bət ˈdɑktər. ˈmeɪsən hæd ə ˈsɪmpəl ˈmɛθəd əv ˈgɪtɪŋ mi tɪ bɪˈgɪn. hi wʊd lin sˈlaɪtli ˈfɔrwərd, ɔl ðə waɪl meɪnˈteɪnɪŋ aɪ ˈkɑnˌtækt ənd ðɛn wɪn hi gɑt maɪ əˈtɛnʃən, hi wʊd nɑd. aɪ wɪl ˈnɛvər fərˈgɛt ðət nɑd; ɪt wɑz ə ˈsɪgnəl ðət hi wɑz wɪθ mi ənd aɪ kʊd ˈseɪfli ɪkˈsprɛs ˌmaɪˈsɛlf əˈbaʊt ˌwəˈtɛvər wɑz ɔn maɪ maɪnd, bət aɪ ˈriəˌlaɪz naʊ ðət hi wɑz kənˈtroʊlɪŋ ðə ˌkɑnvərˈseɪʃən. ə ˈkərsəri nɑd ɪnˈkərəʤd. ɪˈlɔŋgeɪtəd əps ənd daʊnz, (ənd ðə ˈreɪzɪŋ əv ˈaɪˌbraʊz!) ˈsɪmbəˌlaɪzd əˈgrimənt. ənd ɪf aɪ gɑt ɔf kɔrs, hi wʊd əˈlərtli breɪk hɪz ˈsaɪləns ənd ˌridərˈɛkt mi. aɪ wɑz pleɪɪŋ ðə mˈjuzɪk, bət ˈdɑktər. ˈmeɪsən wɑz ðə kənˈdəktər. ðɪs ɪz ðə fərst ˈlɛsən fər ˈraɪtərz ər ˈɛniˌwən hu kənˈdəkts ˈɪntərvˌjuz: ɪf ju wɔnt ˈsəmˌwən tɪ tɔk, gɑt tɪ noʊ haʊ tɪ ˈlɪsən. ənd gʊd ˈlɪsənɪŋ ɪz ə səˈpraɪzɪŋli ˈæktɪv ˈprɔˌsɛs. ðə ˌɪntərvjuˈi ɪz jʊr ˈfoʊkɪs əv əˈtɛnʃən; ju ər ðɛr tɪ hir wət hi sɪz ənd θɪŋks, ɪkˈsklusɪvli. wɪn aɪ seɪ, ““interviewing,”*,” aɪ æm ˈtɔkɪŋ frəm ðə pərˈspɛktɪv əv ə ˈnɛrətɪv ər kriˈeɪtɪv nɑnˈfɪkʃən ˈraɪtər. ˈɪntərvˌjuɪŋ fər nuz ɪz ˈsəmˈwət ˈdɪfərənt; rɪˈpɔrtərz ˈjuʒəwəli noʊ, mɔr ər lɛs, ðə ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən ðeɪ nid tɪ əˈnərθ. ðə ˈraɪtər əv ˈnɛrətɪv, baɪ ˈkɑntræst, ɪz ˈɔfən ˈsikɪŋ ðə ənˈnoʊn ðə ˈstɔri bɪˈhaɪnd ðə fækts. ju ˈɔlˌweɪz noʊ ðə ˈstɔri ənˈtɪl ju hir ɪt; jʊr ʤɑb ɛz ən ˈɪntərvˌjuər, ˈɔfən, ɪz tɪ kip jʊr ˈsəbʤɪkt ˈtɔkɪŋ. ðɪs ɪz wɛr ˈɪntərvˌjuɪŋ ɪz nɑt soʊ ˈdɪfərənt frəm ˈθɛrəpi. ˈdɑktər. ˈmeɪsən gɑt mi tɪ tɔk ˈjuzɪŋ nɑdz, wɪŋks ənd ˈgrɪməsɪz. ɪn hɪz kwɛst tɪ ənˈkəvər ˈstɔriz, ʤɑn məkˈfi, ə ˈmæstər əv ðə fɔrm, ˈɔlsoʊ ɪmˈplɔɪz ə ˈsərtən əˈmaʊnt əv məˌnɪpjəˈleɪʃən, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ hɪz frɛnd ənd ˈkɑlig ˈwɪljəm ɛl. haʊɑrθ. ɪn hɪz ˌɪntrəˈdəkʃən tɪ ʤɑn məkˈfi reader,”*,” ˈmɪstər. haʊɑrθ raɪts əˈbaʊt ˈmɪstər. ˈɪntərvˌjuɪŋ tɛkˈniks. spiʧ sloʊz, hɪz braʊ nɪts wɪn rɪˈpitɪŋ ˈænsərz, hi soʊ ˈgɑrbəlz ðɛm ðət ə nu ˈænsər məst bi prəˈvaɪdɪd. səm ˌɪnˈfɔrmənts faɪnd hɪz ˈmænər rɪˈlæksɪŋ, ˈəðərz ər ɪgˈzæspərˌeɪtɪd; ɪn ˈiðər keɪs ðeɪ tɔk mɔr ˈfrili ənd ˈfʊli tɪ ɪm ðən ðeɪ wʊd tɪ ə reporter.”*.” məkˈfi, fər hɪz pɑrt, meɪnˈteɪnz ðət hɪz əv density”*” ɪz nɑt ˈpərpəsfəl, hi dɪz nɑt dɪˈnaɪ ɪts ˈjusfəl results.”*.” fər ðə kriˈeɪtɪv nɑnˈfɪkʃən ˈraɪtər, ðoʊz ˈjusfəl rɪˈzəlts ər ˈjuʒəwəli ˌənfərˈgɛtəbəl ˈstɔriz. fər maɪ bʊk, ˈjumən: ˈmeɪkɪŋ ˈroʊˌbəts think,”*,” aɪ ˈfɑloʊd ə tim əv hu bɪlt ə ˈroʊˌbət, zoë*ë, dɪˈzaɪnd tɪ dɪˈtɛkt saɪnz əv laɪf ɪˈvɛnʧəwəli, ðeɪ hoʊpt, ɔn mɑrz θru ðə juz əv ˌflʊˈrɛsənt daɪz ðət zoë*ë spreɪd ɔn ðə təreɪn. aɪˈdili, ɪf ɔl wɛnt wɛl, zoë*ë wʊd bi ˈkeɪpəbəl əv ɪgˈzæmɪnɪŋ sɔɪl ˈsæmpəlz ˈæftər spreɪɪŋ ðə daɪz ənd ðɛn sɛnd ˈsɪgnəlz bæk tɪ ə kəˈmænd poʊst wɪθ ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən əˈbaʊt ðə ˈkɑntɛnt əv ðə sɔɪl biɪŋ ˈtɛstɪd. aɪ tægd əˈlɔŋ wɪn ðə tʊk zoë*ë tɪ ðə ˈɑtɑˌkɑmɑ ˈdɛzərt ɪn ˈʧɪli, ðə pleɪs ɔn ərθ moʊst laɪk mɑrz, fər ən ˌɪˈnɪʃəl run-through*. bət æt ðə ˈaʊtˌsɛt, ðə daɪz feɪld tɪ ˈreɪdiˌeɪt ɪˈnəf ˈɛnərʤi tɪ ˈædəkwɪtli ˈpɛnəˌtreɪt ðə ˈsərfəs ənd ˈðɛrˌfɔr kəmˈplit ðə tɛsts. ðə wər ˈstaɪmid ənˈtɪl ðə ʧif ˈsaɪəntɪst, ˈdɑktər. ˈælən ˈwægənər, dɪˈtərmənd ðət zoë*ë ˈnidɪd tɪ spreɪ ðə təreɪn wɪθ ˈwɔtər praɪər tɪ ɪmˈplɔɪɪŋ ðə daɪz. ˈfoʊˌtoʊ wɪn aɪ ˈɪntərvˌjud ˈdɑktər. ˈwægənər wiks ˈleɪtər ɪn hɪz ˈɔfəs, aɪ æst haʊ hi dɪˈskəvərd ðət ə ““spritz”*” wɑz ðə ˈmɪsɪŋ lɪŋk, ənd ˈdɑktər. ˈwægənər, hu hæd dɪˈvɛləpt hɪz daɪz ˈæftər jɪrz əv ˈrisərʧ ənd ˈtɛstɪŋ, fərst bɪˈgæn baɪ prəˈvaɪdɪŋ ˈtɛknɪkəl ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən əˈbaʊt waɪ ðeɪ maɪt hæv feɪld ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪŋ stəf, bət ənˈnɛsəˌsɛri fər maɪ ˈpərpəsɪz. tɪ kip ɪm ɔn træk, aɪ ˈʧænəld boʊθ ˈmɪstər. məkˈfi ənd ˈdɑktər. ˈmeɪsən, ˈnɑdɪŋ, ɪnˈkərəʤɪŋ ənd wɪn ˈnɛsəˌsɛri rɪˈpitɪŋ maɪ kˈwɛsʧənz soʊ ðət aɪ kʊd kəmˈpoʊz ə səˈspɛnsfəl ənd kəmˈpɛlɪŋ sin ðət wʊd hɛlp maɪ ˈridərz lərn mɔr əˈbaʊt ðə saɪəns. ðɪs ɪz ə ki pɔɪnt tɪ rɪˈmɛmbər. ɪt ɪz faɪn ənd ˈɔfən dɪˈlaɪtfəli səˈpraɪzɪŋ tɪ ˈpərˌmɪt ˌɪntərvjuˈiz tɪ goʊ ɔf ɔn ˈtænʤənts ˈsəmˌtaɪmz ðeɪ ˌæbsəˈlutli nid tɪ tɛl ju ˈsəmθɪŋ, ənd ˈsəmˌtaɪmz wət ðeɪ tɛl ju wɪl bi ˈvæljəbəl məˈtɪriəl tɪ ˌsəpləˈmɛnt jʊr ˈstɔri. bət ju məst kip ðə ˈpraɪˌmɛri ˈnɛrətɪv ɪn maɪnd, ɛz aɪ dɪd wɪθ ˈdɑktər. ˈwægənər, ˈdɔgədli ˌridərˈɛktɪŋ ɪm tɪ ðə zoë*ë ˈstɔri, ˈproʊbɪŋ ɪn ə weɪ ðət wʊd əˈlaʊ ɪm tɪ ˌrikənˈstrəkt ɔl hi rɪˈmɛmbərd əˈbaʊt ðə deɪ, ðə ˈprɑbləm ənd ðə laɪt bəlb ˈmoʊmənt wɪn hi keɪm əˈpɑn ə səˈluʃən. dɪd ju du wɪn ju ræn aʊt əv ˈænsərz? hu dɪd ju tɔk tɪ? wət taɪm əv deɪ wɑz ɪt? wət wɑz ðə ˈwɛðər laɪk? wət wər ju wearing?”*?” ˈdɑktər. ˈwægənər rɪˈzɪstənt, bət ˌɪntərvjuˈiz ˈɔfən nid ˈgaɪdəns; ðeɪ wɔnt tɪ bi ˈhɛlpfəl, bət ˈsəmˌtaɪmz ðeɪ noʊ wət sɔrt əv ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən ðə ˈɪntərvˌjuər ɪz ˈsikɪŋ, əˈspɛʃəli wɪn ɪt rɪˈleɪts tɪ ˈnɛrətɪv. ˈdɑktər. ˈwægənər tərnd aʊt tɪ bi ə greɪt ˈstɔriˌtɛlər wɪθ ə θəroʊ ˌrɛkəˈlɛkʃən nɑt ˈoʊnli əv ðə ˈditeɪlz, bət ˈɔlsoʊ əv hɪz θɔts ənd ˌɪmˈprɛʃənz ðət deɪ. ˈraɪtɪŋ ɪt, aɪ ˈrɛkriˌeɪtɪd ˈdɑktər. ˌrɛkəˈlɛkʃənz θru hɪz oʊn aɪz, ə tɛkˈnik aɪ kɔl pɔɪnt əv view.”*.” ɪt bɪˈgɪnz wɪn ˈdɑktər. ˈwægənər, ˈfrəˌstreɪtəd ənd ɪgˈzæspərˌeɪtɪd, ˌdɪˈsaɪdz tɪ teɪk ə breɪk ənd drɑps daʊn ɔn ðə sænd tɪ næp ˌbiˈsaɪd zoë*ë ɪn ðə sən. hi slips ˈfɪtfəli ənˈtɪl ˈərli ˈivnɪŋ. ˈstrəgəlz tɪ hɪz fit. hi nidz tɪ θɪŋk wɪˈθaʊt ðə ˈʧætər əv hɪz ˈkɑligz ənd ðə ˈkræklɪŋ əv ðə ənd ˈɔlsoʊ wɪˈθaʊt ðə ˈlumɪŋ ˈprɛzəns əv zoë*ë, ˈhɔntɪŋ ɪm. hi ˈɔlsoʊ nidz tɪ rɪˈliv himself.”*.” hi wɛnt fər ə wɔk. ðɛn hi faʊnd hɪz səˈluʃən. ˈnoʊtɪst haʊ braɪt ðə rɑks gɑt ˈæftər aɪ pid ɔn them,”*,” ˈdɑktər. ˈwægənər toʊld mi. ˈwɔtər ˈæktɪˌveɪtɪd ðə ˈsərfəs soʊ ðət ðə daɪ kʊd ˈpɛnəˌtreɪt mɔr ˈizəli ənd deeply.”*.” (ɪˈvɛnʧəwəli, ˈvɪnəgər wɑz ˈædɪd tɪ ðə ˈwɔtər.) hɪz ˈstɔri, əmˈjuzɪŋ bət tru, wɑz tɪ ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnt wən əv ðə θimz əv maɪ bʊk ðət koʊˈɪnsɪdəns ənd gʊd lək wɑz ɛz ˈvæljəbəl ɪn ðə wərld əv ˌroʊˈbɑtɪks ɛz wɑz gʊd saɪəns. əv kɔrs, aɪ hæd əbˈzərvd ˈdɑktər. ˈwægənər ɪn ðə ˈɑtɑˌkɑmɑ, soʊ aɪ kʊd kənˈfərm hɪz dɪˈskrɪpʃən ər riˈmaɪnd ɪm əˈbaʊt ˈditeɪlz hi maɪt hæv fərˈgɑtən. ənd aɪ hæd ˈfərðər priˈpɛrd ˌmaɪˈsɛlf baɪ ˈtɔkɪŋ fərst wɪθ ˈdɑktər. ˈkɑligz boʊθ ɪn ðə ˈɑtɑˌkɑmɑ ənd ɪn hɪz ˌjunəˈvərsəti dɪˈpɑrtmənt. ˈɪntərvˌjuɪŋ ˈəðər əbˈzərvərz əˈlaʊz fər ˈrɛfərəns pɔɪnts (ɛz ɪn, æst ˈdɑktər. əˈbaʊt ðət ˈɪnsədənt ənd hi rɪˈmɛmbərz ənd ɪt ˈfərðər ɪˈstæblɪʃɪz jʊr əˈθɔrəti ənd prəˈfɛʃənəˌlɪzəm. səkˈsɛsfəl ˈɪntərvˌjuz ˈsəmˌtaɪm əˈkər ɔn ðə flaɪ, bət mɔr ˈɔfən ðən nɑt ɪt ɪz ˈæŋkərd baɪ ˌkɑnʃiˈɛnʃəs ˈgraʊndˌwərk. ˈæftər aɪ ˌrikənˈstrəktɪd ˈdɑktər. ˈstɔri, aɪ ˈɪntərvˌjud ɪm əˈgɛn tɪ meɪk ˈsərtən ðə ˈditeɪlz wər ˈækjərət boʊθ frəm ə ˈstɔri ənd ə saɪəns pɔɪnt əv vju staɪl ənd ˈsəbstəns. bət ɛz məʧ ɛz aɪ hæd bɪn ˈeɪbəl tɪ əbˈzərv, aɪ hæv ˈrɪtən ðə sin ðət weɪ wɪˈθaʊt ˈgɪtɪŋ ˈdɑktər. ˈwægənər tɪ tɛl hɪz ˈstɔri. kˈwɛsʧənɪŋ ɪm rɪˈpitɪdli laɪk ˈmɪstər. məkˈfi ənd ɪnˈkərəʤɪŋ ənd ˈgaɪdɪŋ ənd ˌridərˈɛktɪŋ ɪm ɔl əˈlɔŋ laɪk ˈdɑktər. ˈmeɪsən, ənd riˈlaɪɪŋ ɔn ðə ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən əˈnərθt ɪn maɪ ˌkɑnvərˈseɪʃənz wɪθ hɪz ˈkɑligz, aɪ kʊd ˌrikənˈstrəkt ənd ˈrɛkriˌeɪt ðə sin soʊ ðət maɪ ˈridərz kʊd lərn ənd ˌɛnˈʤɔɪ æt ðə seɪm taɪm wɪʧ ɪz ðə ˈʧælənʤ ənd goʊl əv ɔl hu raɪt ˈnɛrətɪv ər kriˈeɪtɪv nɑnˈfɪkʃən. li ɪz ˈfaʊndər ənd ˈɛdɪtər əv kriˈeɪtɪv nɑnˈfɪkʃən ˈmægəˌzin. hi ɪz dɪˈstɪŋgwɪʃt ɪn ðə kənˈsɔrʃjəm fər saɪəns, ˈpɑləsi ˈaʊtˌkəmz æt ˌɛrɪˈzoʊnə steɪt ˌjunəˈvərsəti ənd ə prəˈfɛsər ɪn ðə ju daʊnz skul əv ˈjumən kəmˌjunəˈkeɪʃən. hɪz nu bʊk ɪz meɪk ðɪs stəf əp: ðə kəmˈplit gaɪd tɪ ˈraɪtɪŋ kriˈeɪtɪv nɑnˈfɪkʃən frəm ˈmɛmˌwɑr tɪ ˈlɪtərˌɛri ˈʤərnəˌlɪzəm tɪ ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ ɪn between.”*.”
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draft is a series about the art and craft of writing.
years ago, i met once a week, 9 a.m. sharp, with a therapist whom i will call dr. mason. we would settle in well-worn chairs, dr. mason, a slender, balding middle-ager in blazer and striped tie, and me, an anxious academic in levi’s and tweeds. sometimes i’d plunge into whatever was on my mind, but other times we would sit and look at each other in silence as i struggled for words. but dr. mason had a simple method of getting me to begin. he would lean slightly forward, all the while maintaining eye contact and then when he got my attention, he would nod.
i will never forget that nod; it was a signal that he was with me and i could safely express myself about whatever was on my mind, but i realize now that he was controlling the conversation. a cursory nod encouraged. elongated ups and downs, (and the raising of eyebrows!) symbolized agreement. and if i got off course, he would alertly break his silence and redirect me. i was playing the music, but dr. mason was the conductor.
this is the first lesson for writers — or anyone — who conducts interviews: if you want someone to talk, you’ve got to know how to listen. and good listening is a surprisingly active process. the interviewee is your focus of attention; you are there to hear what he says and thinks, exclusively.
when i say, “interviewing,” i am talking from the perspective of a narrative or creative nonfiction writer. interviewing for news is somewhat different; reporters usually know, more or less, the information they need to unearth. the writer of narrative, by contrast, is often seeking the unknown — the story behind the facts. you won’t always know the story until you hear it; your job as an interviewer, often, is to keep your subject talking.
this is where interviewing is not so different from therapy. dr. mason got me to talk using nods, winks and grimaces. in his quest to uncover stories, john mcphee, a master of the form, also employs a certain amount of manipulation, according to his friend and colleague william l. howarth. in his introduction to “the john mcphee reader,” mr. howarth writes about mr. mcphee’s interviewing techniques. “his speech slows, his brow knits . . . when repeating answers, he so garbles them that a new answer must be provided. some informants find his manner relaxing, others are exasperated; in either case they talk more freely and fully to him than they would to a reporter.” mcphee, for his part, maintains that his “air of density” is not purposeful, “but he does not deny its useful results.” for the creative nonfiction writer, those useful results are usually unforgettable stories.
for my book, “almost human: making robots think,” i followed a team of roboticists who built a robot, zoë, designed to detect signs of life — eventually, they hoped, on mars — through the use of fluorescent dyes that zoë sprayed on the terrain. ideally, if all went well, zoë would be capable of examining soil samples after spraying the dyes and then send signals back to a command post with information about the content of the soil being tested.
i tagged along when the roboticists took zoë to the atacama desert in chile, the place on earth most like mars, for an initial run-through. but at the outset, the dyes failed to radiate enough energy to adequately penetrate the surface and therefore complete the tests. the roboticists were stymied until the chief scientist, dr. alan waggoner, determined that zoë needed to spray the terrain with water prior to employing the dyes.
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when i interviewed dr. waggoner weeks later in his office, i asked how he discovered that a “spritz” was the missing link, and dr. waggoner, who had developed his dyes after years of research and testing, first began by providing technical information about why they might have failed — interesting stuff, but unnecessary for my purposes. to keep him on track, i channeled both mr. mcphee and dr. mason, nodding, encouraging and when necessary repeating my questions so that i could compose a suspenseful and compelling scene that would help my readers learn more about the science.
this is a key point to remember. it is fine and often delightfully surprising to permit interviewees to go off on tangents — sometimes they absolutely need to tell you something, and sometimes what they tell you will be valuable material to supplement your story. but you must keep the primary narrative in mind, as i did with dr. waggoner, doggedly redirecting him to the zoë spritzing story, probing in a way that would allow him to reconstruct all he remembered about the day, the problem and the light bulb moment when he came upon a solution.
“what did you do when you ran out of answers? who did you talk to? what time of day was it? what was the weather like? what were you wearing?” dr. waggoner wasn’t resistant, but interviewees often need guidance; they want to be helpful, but sometimes they don’t know what sort of information the interviewer is seeking, especially when it relates to narrative.
dr. waggoner turned out to be a great storyteller with a thorough recollection not only of the details, but also of his thoughts and impressions that day. writing it, i recreated dr. waggoner’s recollections through his own eyes, a technique i call “inner point of view.” it begins when dr. waggoner, frustrated and exasperated, decides to take a break — and drops down on the sand to nap beside zoë in the sun. he sleeps fitfully until early evening.
“waggoner struggles to his feet. he needs to think without the chatter of his colleagues and the crackling of the walkie-talkie — and also without the looming presence of zoë, haunting him. he also needs to relieve himself.”
he went for a walk. then he found his solution.
“i noticed how bright the rocks got after i peed on them,” dr. waggoner told me. “the water activated the surface so that the dye could penetrate more easily and deeply.” (eventually, vinegar was added to the water.) his story, amusing but true, was to represent one of the themes of my book — that coincidence and good luck was as valuable in the world of robotics as was good science.
of course, i had observed dr. waggoner in the atacama, so i could confirm his description or remind him about details he might have forgotten. and i had further prepared myself by talking first with dr. waggoner’s colleagues both in the atacama and in his university department. interviewing other observers allows for reference points (as in, “i asked dr. so-and-so about that incident and he remembers . . .” ) and it further establishes your authority and professionalism. successful interviews sometime occur on the fly, but more often than not it is anchored by conscientious groundwork.
after i reconstructed dr. waggoner’s story, i interviewed him again to make certain the details were accurate — both from a story and a science point of view — style and substance.
but as much as i had been able to observe, i couldn’t have written the scene that way without getting dr. waggoner to tell his story. questioning him repeatedly like mr. mcphee and encouraging and guiding and redirecting him all along like dr. mason, and relying on the information unearthed in my pre-interview conversations with his colleagues, i could reconstruct and recreate the scene so that my nonscientist readers could learn and enjoy at the same time — which is the challenge and goal of all who write narrative or creative nonfiction.
lee gutkind is founder and editor of creative nonfiction magazine. he is distinguished writer-in-residence in the consortium for science, policy & outcomes at arizona state university and a professor in the hugh downs school of human communication. his new book is “you can’t make this stuff up: the complete guide to writing creative nonfiction from memoir to literary journalism to everything in between.”
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wɪn ɪt kəmz tɪ rɛd ˈrɑbɪn, ɪts ˈjuʒəwəli ðə ˈkæˌʧi, "rɛd ˈrɑbɪn, yummmmm*," kəˈmərʃəl ˈʤɪŋgəl ðət fərst pɑps ɪn wənz maɪnd. naʊ ðə ˈfeɪməs ˈbərgər ʧeɪn maɪt hæv ˈrizən tɪ ʧeɪnʤ ðɛr sˈloʊgən tɪ, "rɛd ˈrɑbɪn, awwwww*." ðə ʧeɪn əv mɔr ðən 400 ˈrɛˌstrɑnts ɪz ɪn ðə ˈhɛˌdlaɪnz fər ə gʊd səˈmɛrɪtən ækt baɪ wən əv ɪts ˈmænɪʤərz ðət, ɪt tərnz aʊt, ɪz nɑt ɔl ðət ənˈjuˌʒuəl. ə ˈmænɪʤər æt ðə rɛd ˈrɑbɪn ɪn ˈeɪˌpɛks, n.c*., peɪd ɪt ˈfɔrwərd baɪ ðə ˈdɪnər əv wən ˈvɛri ˈprɛgnənt ˈwʊmən ˈdaɪnɪŋ wɪθ hər ˈfæməli. ɛz fərst ˌriˈpɔrtəd baɪ kənˈsumərɪst, ðə ˈmænɪʤər ʤoʊkt wɪθ ðə ˈwʊmən, ˈæmi, ə ˈloʊkəl əˈtərni, əˈbaʊt hər rɛd ˈrɑbɪn ˈdɪnər ˈpɑsəbli biɪŋ hər læst mil ˌbiˈfɔr ˈgɪvɪŋ bərθ. wɪn ənd hər ˈhəzbənd, ˈʤeɪsən, ˈdaɪnɪŋ wɪθ ðɛr sən, gɑt ðə bɪl, mil hæd bɪn dɪˈdəktɪd frəm ðɛr ˈtoʊtəl, wɪθ ˈnəθɪŋ mɔr sɛd ðən ə "mɑm 2 bi gʊd luk" noʊt. "ðə ˈmænɪʤər sɛd ˈnəθɪŋ tɪ ˈjuˈɛs əˈbaʊt ɪt," ˈʤeɪsən toʊld. "wi wər ɔˈrɛdi ˈhæpi wɪθ ðə ˈsərvɪs soʊ ðət ˈækʃən ˈrɪli blu ˈjuˈɛs əˈweɪ. aɪ lʊkt æt maɪ waɪf ənd toʊld hər ðət aɪ gɛst wi wʊd bi ˈkəmɪŋ hir mɔr ˈɔfən." ðə ˈstɔri toʊld baɪ tɪ kənˈsumərɪst ˈoʊnli ɪn hoʊps ɪt wʊd "meɪk ˈbɪznɪsɪz si ðə ˈvælju əv biɪŋ mɔr ˈpərsənəbəl," hi toʊld ɪz ˈnəθɪŋ aʊt əv ðə ˈɔrdəˌnɛri fər rɛd ˈrɑbɪn tim ˈmɛmbərz. "ðiz kaɪnz əv ˈrændəm ækts əv ˈkaɪndnəs ɪn ɑr ˈrɛˌstrɑnts ər pɑrt əv ɑr ˈkəlʧər," sɛd ˈkɛvɪn ˈkɔlˌfild, ə rɛd ˈrɑbɪn ˈspoʊkspərsən. "ɑr tim ˈmɛmbərz, deɪ ɪn ənd deɪ aʊt, wɪl bɪˈstoʊ ðiz ˈrændəm ækts," hi sɛd. "ðɛr ɪmˈpaʊərd tɪ du ˈspɛʃəl θɪŋz fər ɑr gɛsts tɪ meɪk ðə ɪkˈspɪriəns ə greɪt wən fər ɑr gɛsts." ˈkɔlˌfild hu kənˈfərmd ðət ðɪs spɪˈsɪfɪk ˈrændəm ækt wɑz ˈkɛrid aʊt baɪ ˈmænɪʤər ˈʧɑrəlz væn, ə rɛd ˈrɑbɪn ɪmˈplɔɪi, ˈdʊrɪŋ ə ˈwiˌkɪnd ˈdɪnər ʃɪft sɪz ðə trəˈdɪʃən goʊz ɛz fɑr bæk ɛz ðə ˈkəmpəniz ˈfaʊndɪŋ ɪn 1969 ənd ɪz naʊ ʤɪst pɑrt əv ðə ˈkəlʧər, nɑt ˈsəmθɪŋ ðeɪ spəˈsɪfɪkli dɪˈmænd əv ðɛr mɔr ðən tim ˈmɛmbərz. "ɪt ʤɪst ɪˈvɑlvd ɛz pɑrt əv ðə rɛd ˈrɑbɪn ˈkəlʧər ənd brænd," hi sɛd. "ˈɛni nu tim ˈmɛmbər kˈwɪkli siz ðət bɪˈstoʊɪŋ ðiz ækts əv ˈkaɪndnəs ɪz ˈrɪli ˌɪnˈgreɪnd ɪn ðə ˈkəlʧər. ðeɪ si ðə aɪˈdiə ˈmænəˌfɛst ˈɛvəri deɪ ənd soʊ ɪt bɪˈkəmz pɑrt əv ðə weɪ ðət ðeɪ sərv ðə gɛsts ˈɛvəri deɪ." ðə ʧeɪn ˈivɪn həz ə ˈsɛkʃən ˈtaɪtəld "ənˈbraɪdəld ækts" ɔn ɪts ˈwɛbˌsaɪt dɪˈvoʊtɪd tɪ ðə ˈθaʊzənz əv iˈmeɪlz, foʊn kɔlz, ˈlɛtərz ənd ˈkɑmɛnts ðeɪ gɪt iʧ jɪr frəm ˈkəstəmərz ˈtɛlɪŋ ðə ˈkəmpəˌni əv ðɛr oʊn ˈpərsɪnəl ɪnˈkaʊnər wɪθ ə rɛd ˈrɑbɪn ˈrændəm ækt əv ˈkaɪndnəs. ðə θri ˈfiʧərd ɔn ðə ˈwɛbˌsaɪt naʊ ðɛr ˈroʊˌteɪtɪd ˈfrikwɛntli tɪ əˈkɑməˌdeɪt ɔl ðə ˈstɔriz ˈhaɪˌlaɪt rɛd ˈrɑbɪn ɪmˈplɔɪiz hu dəg θru træʃ tɪ faɪnd ə fərˈgɑtən keycard*, ɪmˈplɔɪiz hu puld təˈgɛðər 300 tɪ ˌriˈpleɪs ˈməni ˈstoʊlən frəm ə ˈwɔlət ənd ɪmˈplɔɪiz hu meɪd ə gərlz drimz kəm tru. "aɪ kænt seɪ ɪˈnəf ðət ɪts ʤɪst pɑrt əv ɑr ˈkəlʧər," ˈkɔlˌfild sɛd. "ˈɛniˌθɪŋ wi kən du tɪ meɪk ðə gɛst ɪkˈspɪriəns ˈɛkstrə ˈspɛʃəl ənd goʊ ðə ˈɛkstrə maɪl tɪ meɪk ʃʊr ðə gɛst ɪkˈspɪriəns ɪz ɛz ˈmɛmərəbəl ɛz ɪt kən bi." waɪl "ənˈbraɪdəld ækts" meɪ bi ən ˈɛvriˈdeɪ əˈkərəns fər rɛd ˈrɑbɪn ɪmˈplɔɪiz, ðə wər soʊ plizd wɪθ ðə ˈrɛˌstrɑnts ˌʤɛnərˈɑsəti ðət, ɛz prɪˈdɪktɪd, ðə ˈfæməli rɪˈtərnd tɪ seɪ θæŋks. "wi dɪd goʊ bæk tɪ ðət rɛd ˈrɑbɪn əˈbaʊt ə wik əˈgoʊ ənd tʊk ɑr nu ˈdɔtər ðɛr," ˈʤeɪsən sɛd. "ðə seɪm ˈmænɪʤər wɑz ɔn ˈduti, ənd wi meɪd ɪt ə pɔɪnt tɪ seɪ θæŋk ju tɪ ɪm ənd ˌɪntrəˈdus ɪm tɪ ɑr nu ˈdɔtər."
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when it comes to red robin, it's usually the catchy, "red robin, yummmmm," commercial jingle that first pops in one's mind.
now the famous burger chain might have reason to change their slogan to, "red robin, awwwww."
the colorado-based chain of more than 400 restaurants is in the headlines for a good samaritan act by one of its managers that, it turns out, is not all that unusual.
a manager at the red robin in apex, n.c., paid it forward by comping the dinner of one very pregnant woman dining with her family.
as first reported by consumerist, the manager joked with the woman, amie sivon, a local attorney, about her red robin dinner possibly being her last meal before giving birth. when sivon and her husband, jason, dining with their 2-year-old son, got the bill, sivon's $11.50 meal had been deducted from their total, with nothing more said than a "mom 2 bee good luc" note.
"the manager said nothing to us about it," jason sivon told abcnews.com. "we were already happy with the service so that action really blew us away. i looked at my wife and told her that i guessed we would be coming here more often."
the now-viral story - told by sivon to consumerist only in hopes it would "make businesses see the value of being more personable," he told abcnews.com - is nothing out of the ordinary for red robin team members.
"these kinds of random acts of kindness in our restaurants are part of our culture," said kevin caulfield, a red robin spokesperson.
"our team members, day in and day out, will bestow these random acts," he said. "they're empowered to do special things for our guests to make the experience a great one for our guests."
caulfield - who confirmed that this specific random act was carried out by manager charles vann, a 7-year red robin employee, during a weekend dinner shift - says the tradition goes as far back as the company's founding in 1969 and is now just part of the culture, not something they specifically demand of their more than 30,000 team members.
"it just evolved as part of the red robin culture and brand," he said. "any new team member quickly sees that bestowing these acts of kindness is really ingrained in the culture. they see the idea manifest every day and so it becomes part of the way that they serve the guests every day."
the chain even has a section titled "unbridled acts" on its website devoted to the thousands of emails, phone calls, letters and comments they get each year from customers telling the company of their own personal encounter with a red robin random act of kindness.
the three featured on the website now - they're rotated frequently to accommodate all the stories - highlight red robin employees who dug through trash to find a forgotten keycard, employees who pooled together $300 to replace money stolen from a left-behind wallet and employees who made a four-year-old girl's waitress-for-the-day dreams come true.
"i can't say enough that it's just part of our culture," caulfield said. "anything we can do to make the guest experience extra special and go the extra mile to make sure the guest experience is as memorable as it can be."
while "unbridled acts" may be an everyday occurrence for red robin employees, the sivons were so pleased with the restaurant's generosity that, as predicted, the newly-expanded family returned to say thanks.
"we did go back to that red robin about a week ago and took our new daughter there," jason sivon said. "the same manager was on duty, and we made it a point to say thank you to him and introduce him to our new daughter."
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ˌtɑˈrik ˈɑmɑd meɪks hɪz pɪʧ ənd ˌɪˈmiˌdiətli breɪks hɪz fərst rul əv ˈbɪznɪs: meɪk noʊ ˈprɑməsəz. ðə dɪˈrɛktər əv rɪˈkrutɪŋ ˌɑpərˈeɪʃənz fər ðə ˈrətgərz ˈfʊtˌbɔl ˈproʊˌgræm stɑrts ˈtɔkɪŋ tɪ pleɪərz əˈbaʊt ən ˌɑpərˈtunəti tɪ ˈvɪzɪt ən ɪgˈzɑtɪk loʊˈkæl wɛr ðeɪ kən meɪk ə ˈdɪfərəns. lɪv ɪn ˈprɪmɪtɪv kənˈdɪʃənz ənd spɛnd ɔl deɪ duɪŋ ˈfɪzɪkəli dɪˈmændɪŋ wərk. ənd ðə ˈprɑməs ɪt wɪl bi ə experience.”*.” kəm bæk ə ˈdɪfərənt person,”*,” sɪz krɪs ˈmələr, ə ˈstɑrtɪŋ əˈfɛnsɪv ˈlaɪnmən ɔn ðə ˈrətgərz ˈfʊtˌbɔl tim. noʊ aɪ dɪd. ju hir ə lɔt əv ðə gaɪz seɪ ðə seɪm thing.”*.” ˈɛvəri taɪm ˌtɑˈrik (prəˈnaʊnst tark*) ˈɑmɑd hirz ðət, hi smaɪlz. soʊ ðɪs mənθ, fər ðə θərd streɪt jɪr, ˈɑmɑd wɪl hɛd tɪ ˈheɪti wɪθ əˈbaʊt ə ˈdəzən ˈrətgərz pleɪərz tɪ hɛlp wɪθ ðə kənˈtɪnjuɪŋ ˈɛfərt tɪ riˈbɪld ðə ˈkəntri ˈfɑloʊɪŋ ðə ˈdɛvəˌsteɪtɪŋ ˈmægnəˌtud ˈərθkˌweɪk ðət rɑkt ðə ˈaɪlənd ɔn ʤæn. 12 2010 əv ðə goʊlz ɪz tɪ əˈsɪst ɪn ðə rɪˈkəvəri ˈɛfərts, tɪ hɛlp ˈpipəl hu ˈdɛspərətli nid help,”*,” hi sɪz. ˈəðər goʊl ɪz tɪ prəˈvaɪd ən ˌɑpərˈtunəti fər ɑr pleɪərz tɪ si wət əˈnəðər pɑrt əv ðə wərld ɪz laɪk, ə pɑrt əv ðə wərld wɛr ðeɪ kən hæv ən impact.”*.” soʊ fɑr, 18 ˈrətgərz pleɪərz hæv pɑrˈtɪsəˌpeɪtɪd ɪn ðə ˈprɑʤɛkt, wɪθ iʧ pleɪər ˈreɪzɪŋ ðə kɔst fər ðə trɪp θru doʊˈneɪʃənz. "wən əv ðə goʊlz ɪz tɪ əˈsɪst ɪn ðə rɪˈkəvəri ˈɛfərts ðə ˈəðər goʊl ɪz tɪ prəˈvaɪd ən ˌɑpərˈtunəti fər ɑr pleɪərz tɪ si wɛr ðeɪ kən hæv ən ˌɪmˈpækt." ˌtɑˈrik ˈɑmɑd, dɪˈrɛktər əv rɪˈkrutɪŋ ˌɑpərˈeɪʃənz fər ðə ˈrətgərz ˈfʊtˌbɔl ˈproʊˌgræm, ɔn ˈbrɪŋɪŋ pleɪərz tɪ ˈheɪti tɪ hɛlp wɪθ ðə riˈbɪldɪŋ ˈɛfərt ˈfɑloʊɪŋ ðə 2010 ˈərθkˌweɪk ˈʃɔrtli ˈæftər ðə ˈheɪti dɪˈzæstər, wɪʧ rɪˈzəltɪd ɪn ən ˈɛstəˌmeɪtɪd dɛθs ənd ˈbɪljən ɪn ˈdæmɪʤ, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl rɛd krɔs əˈkaʊnts, ˈɑmɑd nu hi hæd tɪ gɪt ˌɪnˈvɑlvd ɪn ðə rɪˈkəvəri ˈɛfərts. hɪz ˈməðər, kæθˈlin ˈɑmɑd, prəˈvaɪdɪd ðə ˈɪmpətəs, ˈhævɪŋ gɔn tɪ ˈheɪti ɔn ə ˌjuˌmænəˈtɛriən ˈmɪʃən ɪn 2008 ˈæftər ˈhərəˌkeɪnz ˈgʊstɑf kɔzd ˈwaɪdˈsprɛd dɪˈstrəkʃən tɪ wən əv ðə ˈwɛstərn ˈpurɪst ˈkəntriz. æt ðə taɪm, ʃi traɪd tɪ pərsˈweɪd hər sən tɪ goʊ wɪθ hər, bət ˈrətgərz ˈskɛʤʊl ˈɔfər ɪkˈstɛndɪd breɪks. sun ˈæftər ðə 2010 ˈərθkˌweɪk, ˌhaʊˈɛvər, hi sɪz, hi hæd tɪ ˈsəmˌhaʊ faɪnd taɪm. soʊ ˈɑmɑd keɪm əp wɪθ ðə aɪˈdiə əv ˈmeɪkɪŋ ðə trɪp ˈdʊrɪŋ spərɪŋ breɪk, əˈkəmpənid baɪ ɛz ˈmɛni ˈrətgərz ˈfʊtˌbɔl pleɪərz ɛz hi kʊd raʊnd əp. ɪt wɑz ˈprɑbəˌbli ðə bɛst rɪˈkrutɪŋ pɪʧ ˈɛvər meɪd, bɪˈkəz ˈjuʒəwəli ˈoʊnli tu θɪŋz ɔn players’*’ maɪndz wɪn breɪk taɪm kəmz fən ənd ˌrilækˈseɪʃən. ə ˈfʊtˌbɔl pleɪər, spərɪŋ breɪk ɪz ə bɪg dil. wi ˈrɪli gɪt məʧ taɪm ɔf ɔl jɪr, soʊ ə bɪg sacrifice,”*,” sɪz ˈbrændən ˈkoʊlmən, ə stɑr waɪd rɪˈsivər fər ðə ˈskɑrlət naɪts. ˈlɪtəl taɪm ju du gɪt ɔf, ju wɔnt tɪ teɪk ædˈvæntɪʤ əv ɪt ənd hæv səm fən. aɪ sɔ ðɪs ɛz ən ˌɑpərˈtunəti aɪ maɪt ˈnɛvər gɪt əˈgɛn. ənd wɪn aɪ wɑz ðɛr, aɪ nu aɪ meɪd ðə raɪt dɪˈsɪʒən bɪˈkəz ɪt fɛlt tɪ mi ðət ðɪs ɪz wət aɪ wɑz səˈpoʊzd tɪ bi doing.”*.” ðə pleɪərz spɛnt moʊst əv ðɛr fərst tu trɪps ɪn ˈmeɪsənri wərk, riˈbɪldɪŋ ˈʧərʧɪz ənd skulz ɪn ðə taʊnz əv ənd petit-goave*, waɪl ˈlɪvɪŋ ˈmɑdəstli, ɛz ðə ˈloʊkəlz du, wɪθ ˈoʊnli ðə bɛr ɛˈsɛnʃəlz. əp ɪn ˈkaʊnti, aɪ ˈnɛvər sɔ ˈɛniˌθɪŋ laɪk ðə kənˈdɪʃənz aɪ sɔ ɪn haiti,”*,” sɪz braɪən lɛˈoʊni, ən əˈfɛnsɪv ˈlaɪnmən frəm ˈflɛmɪŋtən hu ɪz ˈmeɪkɪŋ hɪz θərd trɪp tɪ ˈheɪti wɪθ ˈɑmɑd. ðə læk əv ˈbeɪsɪks ˈkloʊðɪŋ, fud, ˈbɑθˌrumz. ðeɪ stɪl hæv ə lɔt əv ðə θɪŋz wi teɪk fər granted.”*.” ˈmələr, frəm perkiomenville*, pɑ., sɪz ɪt wɑz ˈkəlʧər ʃɑk æt fərst. wət ɪz kənˈsɪdərd ˈnɔrməl ˈlɪvɪŋ fər ˈheɪʃənz ɪz ˈvɛri eye-opening*. ðeɪ wər ʤɪst soʊ ˈhæpi tɪ hæv ˈpipəl əraʊnd hu kɛrd ənd wər ˈwɪlɪŋ tɪ help,”*,” hi sɪz. fərst riˈækʃən wɪn aɪ sɔ ðə ˌdɛvəˈsteɪʃən wɑz ðət ðɛr wɑz ˈnəθɪŋ wi kʊd ˈpɑsəbli du ðət kʊd hɛlp. ɪt wɑz ˌoʊvərˈwɛlmɪŋ. bət ðə ˈpipəl wər soʊ ˈgreɪtfəl ʤɪst tɪ hæv ˈjuˈɛs ðɛr. aɪ keɪm bæk ənd aɪ rɪˈmɛmbər ˈθɪŋkɪŋ, ðeɪ hɛlpt ˈjuˈɛs məʧ mɔr ðən wi hɛlpt ðɛm. haʊ məʧ ðə ɪkˈspɪriəns mɛnt tɪ me.”*.” ˈɑmɑd steɪz ɪn təʧ wɪθ ˈsɛvərəl ˈpipəl hi həz kəm tɪ noʊ ɪn ˈheɪti, ˈhævɪŋ meɪd eɪt ˈəðər trɪps ðɛr baɪ hɪmˈsɛlf. hi sɪz hi traɪ tɪ priˈpɛr ðə pleɪərz fər wət ðeɪ wɪl si wɪn ðeɪ əraɪv. hi bɪˈlivz ˈbɛtər tɪ lɛt ðɛm ɪkˈspɪriəns ɪt first-hand*. ““essentially*, ɪt wɑz laɪk siɪŋ ə country,”*,” ˈɑmɑd sɪz əv ðə fərst tu trɪps. ˈmægnəˌtud əv ðə dɪˈstrəkʃən ənd ðə nid ɪz ʤɪst ˌoʊvərˈwɛlmɪŋ. ju bɪˈliv ˈɛniˌθɪŋ kən bi fɪkst. bət ˈæftər goʊɪŋ bæk ˈsɛvərəl taɪmz naʊ, ˈæftər fɔr ər faɪv mənθs bɪtˈwin trɪps, aɪ kən si ðɛr ɪz ˈprɑˌgrɛs biɪŋ made.”*.” ˈɑmɑd, 32 sɪz hi rɪˈmɛmbər hɪz laɪf wɪˈθaʊt biɪŋ ˌɪnˈvɑlvd ɪn səm sɔrt əv ˌvɑlənˈtɪr ˈprɑʤɛkt. frəm ən ˈərli eɪʤ, hɪz ˈpɛrənts ˌɪnˈstɪld ɪn ɪm ðə nid tɪ lɛnd ə hænd tɪ ˈəðərz. ˈməðər ɪz ə ˈfɑrmər frəm ˈəpˈsteɪt nu jɔrk. ˈkrɪsʧɪn. maɪ ˈfɑðər ɪz ə ˈməzlɪm frəm pakistan,”*,” sɪz ˈɑmɑd, hu gru əp ɪn ənd wɑz ə ˈstænˌdaʊt (ˈfʊtˌbɔl, ˈbæskətˌbɔl ənd træk) æt ˈɪθəkə ˈkɑlɪʤ. ˈvɛri ˈdɪfərənt ˈpipəl frəm ˈvɛri ˈdɪfərənt ˈbækˌgraʊndz, bət ðeɪ ʃɛr ðə ˈvælju əv ˈhɛlpɪŋ ˈəðərz ənd traɪɪŋ tɪ hɛlp ˈpipəl ɪn nid. ə ʧaɪld, aɪ rɪˈmɛmbər maɪ ˈfæməli ˈwərkɪŋ fər ˈhæbət fər juˈmænɪti ɪn ˈtrɛntən. wi dɪd ə trɪp ˈɛvəri jɪr wɛr wi wʊd hɛlp bɪld ə hoʊm ˈsəmˌwɛr ɪn ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts. wi dɪd ə lɔt əv ˈloʊkəl ˌvɑlənˈtɪr wərk. soʊ ðə nid tɪ hɛlp ˈəðərz həz ˈɔlˌweɪz bɪn pɑrt əv maɪ laɪf. ˈsəmθɪŋ ðət wɑz ˌɪnˈgreɪnd ɪn mi. maɪ parents’*’ influence.”*.” boʊθ əv ˈpɛrənts hæv ˈdɑktərəl dɪˈgriz hɪz ɪz ɪn ˌmæθəˈmætɪks, hɪz ˈfɑðər (zafar*) həz wən ɪn ˌsoʊsiˈɑləʤi. ˈɑmɑd ɔˈrɛdi həz ə ˈmæstərz dɪˈgri ɪn spɔrts saɪˈkɑləʤi; hi ɪz ˈwərkɪŋ təˈwɔrd ə ˈsɛkənd wən, ɪn ˌɛʤəˈkeɪʃən ædˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃən. æt səm pɔɪnt, pərˈhæps ɪn ðə nɛkst fju jɪrz, ˈɑmɑd sɪz, hɪz goʊl ɪz tɪ bi ən ədˈmɪnɪˌstreɪtər æt ən ˈɪnər ˈsɪti skul. bət ˈlaɪkli ˈrətgərz wɪl du ɔl ɪt kən tɪ pərsˈweɪd ɪm tɪ steɪ. hi ˈɔlsoʊ ˈhæpənz tɪ bi ˈvɛri gʊd æt hɪz ʤɑb. hi bɪˈkeɪm ðə dɪˈrɛktər əv rɪˈkrutɪŋ, ˈrətgərz həz hæd ə ˈkəpəl əv ðə bɛst rɪˈkrutɪŋ ˈklæsɪz ɪn skul history,”*,” sɪz braɪən dɑn, ðə ˈnæʃənəl rɪˈkrutɪŋ ˈænəlɪst fər scout.com*. rɪˈkruts, ðɛr ˈfæməliz, haɪ skul ˈkoʊʧɪz ˈɔlˌweɪz seɪ ən ˈizi gaɪ tɪ tɔk tɪ, ənd bɪˈkəz hi kən rɪˈleɪt tɪ ðɛm rəˈgɑrdləs əv ðɛr ˈbækˌgraʊnd ər upbringing.”*.” ˈɑmɑd ɪz ɛz səˈpraɪzd ɛz ˈɛniˌwən ðət hi həz əˈdæptɪd soʊ wɛl tɪ ə ˈkɑlɪʤ ˈfʊtˌbɔl rɪˈkrutɪŋ ʤɑb. dɪd nɑt θɪŋk aɪ wʊd fɪt ɪn ðɪs roʊl frəm ðə ˈstændˌpɔɪnt ðət aɪ du nɑt si ˌmaɪˈsɛlf ɛz ə salesman,”*,” hi sɪz. ˈrɪli ˌɛnˈʤɔɪ ðə riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪps ðət wi dɪˈvɛləp ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə rɪˈkrutɪŋ ˈprɔˌsɛs. maɪ ˈfeɪvərɪt pɑrt əv ðə ʤɑb. aɪ ləv ðə ˈprɔˌsɛs əv ˈmitɪŋ ˈdɪfərənt ˈpipəl, ˈlərnɪŋ əˈbaʊt ˈpipəl ənd ˈʃɛrɪŋ wət aɪ ləv əˈbaʊt ˈrətgərz ənd waɪ aɪ æm ɪn ˈgræʤəˌweɪt skul here.”*.” hɪz əˈbɪləˌti tɪ rɪˈleɪt əˈpɛrəntli həz noʊ ˈbaʊndəriz. ˈɑmɑd ˈɔlsoʊ spiks ˈheɪʃən ˈkrioʊl, wən əv ðə tu əˈfɪʃəl ˈlæŋgwɪʤɪz (frɛnʧ ɪz ðə ˈəðər) əv ə ˈkəntri hi həz spɛnt soʊ məʧ taɪm ɪn ðət ɪt həz ˈɔlˌmoʊst bɪˈkəm ə ˈsɛkənd hoʊm. bət ɪt ˈizi, ˌɪˈnɪʃəli, fər ˈɑmɑd tɪ kənˈvɪns ðə ˈpipəl hi dilz wɪθ ˈɛvəri deɪ ˈrətgərz ˈfʊtˌbɔl pleɪərz tɪ ʤɔɪn ɪm ɪn ðə rɪˈlif ˈɛfərt. ðɛn, ɛz wərd sprɛd θruaʊt ðə tim, wɪθ pleɪərz rɪˈleɪtɪŋ ðɛr ɪkˈspɪriənsɪz ˈfɑloʊɪŋ ðə fərst trɪp, ðɛr ˈsədənli wɑz noʊ ˈʃɔrtɪʤ əv ˌvɑlənˈtɪrz. hi naʊ həz mɔr ˌvɑlənˈtɪrz ðən ˈspeɪsɪz fər ðɛm. wɑz ˈnərvəs əˈbaʊt goʊɪŋ æt first,”*,” sɪz ˈkoʊlmən. aɪ θɪŋk əˈbaʊt ðə ˈpipəl aɪ mɛt ðɛr ənd wət ðət ɪkˈspɪriəns wɑz laɪk ɔl əv ðə taɪm. bɪn ˈoʊvər ə jɪr sɪns aɪ wɑz ðɛr. ɑr ˈprɑʤɛkt wɑz tɪ bɪld ðə faʊnˈdeɪʃən əv ə ʧərʧ. ðɛr məʧ ðɛr, ˈivɪn ˈæftər wi lɛft. ˌtɑˈrik ʃoʊd mi ə ˈpɪkʧər əv ðə ˈfɪnɪʃt ˈprɑdəkt nɑt lɔŋ əˈgoʊ ənd aɪ rɪˈmɛmbər ˈθɪŋkɪŋ `waʊ, aɪ hɛlpt bɪld that.’*.’ ə greɪt ˈfilɪŋ tɪ noʊ ju helped.”*.” bɪˈkəz ðeɪ ər ənˈskɪld ˈleɪbərərz, ðə pleɪərz ˈjuʒəwəli teɪk ɔn ʤɑbz səʧ ɛz ˈdɪgɪŋ faʊnˈdeɪʃənz ənd ˈsɪmələr wərk. ðə ˌvɑlənˈtɪrz slɛpt ɪn ˈtɛmpərˌɛri həts ˈkəvərd baɪ məˈskitoʊ nɛts, ˈraɪzɪŋ ˈərli tɪ wərk ɔn ðɛr riˈbɪldɪŋ ˈprɑʤɛkts. ðə ˈbæθˌrum ənd ˈwɔtər ˌsɪʧuˈeɪʃən? ðət wɑz əˈnəðər ˈstɔri. keɪm frəm ə wɛl wi hæd tɪ pəmp from,”*,” ˈkoʊlmən sɪz. ˈbæθˌrum wɑz ən ˈaʊˌthaʊs. bət wi ˈoʊnli hæd tɪ lɪv ðət weɪ fər ə wik. ðə ˈpipəl ðɛr lɪv ðət weɪ ɔl əv ðə taɪm. ɪt ˈrɪli meɪks ju əˈpriʃiˌeɪt wət ju have.”*.” ˈmələr sɪz hi stɪl həz ə ˈvɪvɪd ˈɪmɪʤ əv ðə ˈʧɪldrən, ˈgɪdi ənd skˈwilɪŋ, ˈlæfɪŋ ənd ˌɛnˈʤɔɪɪŋ ðɛmˈsɛlvz əraʊnd ðə ˈoʊvərˌsaɪzd ˈstreɪnʤərz frəm əˈmɛrɪkə. pleɪd wɪθ ðə kɪdz fər aʊərz ˈæftər wi wər dən working,”*,” hi sɪz. hæd soʊ məʧ fən wɪθ ðɛm. ðeɪ wɔnt ˈɛniˌθɪŋ ɪkˈsɛpt fər ˈpipəl tɪ gɪv ðɛm ə ˈlɪtəl əˈtɛnʃən. aɪ bɪˈgɪn tɪ tɛl ju haʊ məʧ ðət ˌɪmˈpæktɪd mi. tɪ hɛlp ˈsəmˌwən soʊ məʧ ɪn nid wɑz ðə ˈəltəmət ˌgrætəfəˈkeɪʃən fər me.”*.” ˈɑmɑd sɪz hi traɪ tɪ sɛl ðə pleɪərz ɔn ðə ˈvælju əv ˌvɑlənˈtɪr wərk. hi ʤɪst wɔnts ðɛm tɪ ɪkˈspɪriəns ɪt ənd ðɛn ˌdɪˈsaɪd. faʊnd ðət ən əˈmeɪzɪŋ ɪkˈspɪriəns tɪ hæv ðət kaɪnd əv ˌɪmˈpækt ɔn lɪvz. aɪ θɪŋk ðə pleɪərz fil ðə seɪm weɪ wɪn ðeɪ goʊ tɪ ˈheɪti ənd ðɛn kəm bæk. ɛz rɪˈwɔrdɪŋ ɛz ˈɛniˌθɪŋ ju kən du ɪn life.”*.” ənd ə ˈprɑməs.
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tariq ahmad makes his pitch and immediately breaks his first rule of business: make no promises.
the director of recruiting operations for the rutgers football program starts talking to players about an opportunity to visit an exotic locale where they can make a difference. they’ll live in primitive conditions and spend all day doing physically demanding work.
and — here’s the promise — it will be a “life-changing experience.”
“you come back a different person,” says chris muller, a starting offensive lineman on the rutgers football team. “i know i did. you hear a lot of the guys say the same thing.”
every time tariq (pronounced tark) ahmad hears that, he smiles.
so this month, for the third straight year, ahmad will head to haiti with about a dozen rutgers players to help with the continuing effort to rebuild the country following the devastating 7.0 magnitude earthquake that rocked the island on jan. 12, 2010.
“one of the goals is to assist in the recovery efforts, to help people who desperately need help,” he says. “the other goal is to provide an opportunity for our players to see what another part of the world is like, a part of the world where they can have an impact.”
so far, 18 rutgers players have participated in the project, with each player raising the $1,700 cost for the trip through donations.
"one of the goals is to assist in the recovery efforts . . . the other goal is to provide an opportunity for our players to see . . . where they can have an impact." tariq ahmad, director of recruiting operations for the rutgers football program, on bringing players to haiti
to help with the rebuilding effort
following the 2010 earthquake
shortly after the haiti disaster, which resulted in an estimated 272,000 deaths and $7.8 billion in damage, according to international red cross accounts, ahmad knew he had to get involved in the recovery efforts.
his mother, kathleen ahmad, provided the impetus, having gone to haiti on a humanitarian mission in 2008 after hurricane gustav caused widespread destruction to one of the western hemisphere’s poorest countries. at the time, she tried to persuade her son to go with her, but ahmad’s rutgers schedule didn’t offer extended breaks.
soon after the 2010 earthquake, however, he says, he had to somehow find time. so ahmad came up with the idea of making the trip during spring break, accompanied by as many rutgers football players as he could round up.
it was probably the best recruiting pitch he’s ever made, because there’s usually only two things on players’ minds when break time comes — fun and relaxation.
“as a football player, spring break is a big deal. we really don’t get much time off all year, so it’s a big sacrifice,” says brandon coleman, a star wide receiver for the scarlet knights. “the little time you do get off, you want to take advantage of it and have some fun.
“but i saw this as an opportunity i might never get again. and when i was there, i knew i made the right decision because it felt to me that this is what i was supposed to be doing.”
the players spent most of their first two trips knee-deep in masonry work, rebuilding churches and schools in the towns of mellier and petit-goave, while living modestly, as the locals do, with only the bare essentials.
“growing up in hunterdon county, i never saw anything like the conditions i saw in haiti,” says bryan leoni, an offensive lineman from flemington who is making his third trip to haiti with ahmad. “just the lack of basics — clothing, food, bathrooms. they still don’t have a lot of the things we take for granted.”
muller, from perkiomenville, pa., says it was culture shock at first.
“seeing what is considered normal living for haitians is very eye-opening. they were just so happy to have people around who cared and were willing to help,” he says. “my first reaction when i saw the devastation was that there was nothing we could possibly do that could help. it was overwhelming. but the people were so grateful just to have us there. i came back and i remember thinking, they helped us much more than we helped them. that’s how much the experience meant to me.”
ahmad stays in touch with several people he has come to know in haiti, having made eight other trips there by himself. he says he doesn’t try to prepare the players for what they will see when they arrive. he believes it’s better to let them experience it first-hand.
“essentially, it was like seeing a war-torn country,” ahmad says of the first two player-accompanied trips. “the magnitude of the destruction and the need is just overwhelming. you can’t believe anything can be fixed. but after going back several times now, after four or five months between trips, i can see there is progress being made.”
ahmad, 32, says he can’t remember his life without being involved in some sort of volunteer project. from an early age, his parents instilled in him the need to lend a hand to others.
“my mother is a farmer from upstate new york. she’s christian. my father is a muslim from pakistan,” says ahmad, who grew up in holmdel and was a three-sport standout (football, basketball and track) at ithaca college. “they’re very different people from very different backgrounds, but they share the value of helping others and trying to help people in need.
“as a child, i remember my family working for habit for humanity in trenton. we did a trip every year where we would help build a home somewhere in the united states. we did a lot of local volunteer work. so the need to help others has always been part of my life. it’s something that was ingrained in me. that’s my parents’ influence.”
both of ahmad’s parents have doctoral degrees — his mother’s is in mathematics, his father (zafar) has one in sociology. ahmad already has a master's degree in sports psychology; he is working toward a second one, in education administration.
at some point, perhaps in the next few years, ahmad says, his goal is to be an administrator at an inner city school. but it’s likely rutgers will do all it can to persuade him to stay. he also happens to be very good at his job.
“since he became the director of recruiting, rutgers has had a couple of the best recruiting classes in school history,” says brian dohn, the national recruiting analyst for
scout.com. “people — recruits, their families, high school coaches — always say he’s an easy guy to talk to, and that’s because he can relate to them regardless of their background or upbringing.”
ahmad is as surprised as anyone that he has adapted so well to a college football recruiting job.
“i did not think i would fit in this role from the standpoint that i do not see myself as a salesman,” he says. “i really enjoy the relationships that we develop during the recruiting process. that’s my favorite part of the job. i love the process of meeting different people, learning about people and sharing what i love about rutgers and why i am in graduate school here.”
his ability to relate apparently has no boundaries. ahmad also speaks haitian creole, one of the two official languages (french is the other) of a country he has spent so much time in that it has almost become a second home.
but it wasn’t easy, initially, for ahmad to convince the people he deals with every day — rutgers football players — to join him in the relief effort. then, as word spread throughout the team, with players relating their experiences following the first trip, there suddenly was no shortage of volunteers. he now has more volunteers than spaces for them.
“i was nervous about going at first,” says coleman. “now i think about the people i met there and what that experience was like all of the time. it’s been over a year since i was there. our project was to build the foundation of a church. there wasn’t much there, even after we left.
“but tariq showed me a picture of the finished product not long ago and i remember thinking `wow, i helped build that.’ it’s a great feeling to know you helped.”
because they are unskilled laborers, the players usually take on jobs such as digging foundations and similar work.
the volunteers slept in temporary huts covered by mosquito nets, rising early to work on their rebuilding projects.
the bathroom and water situation? that was another story.
“water came from a well we had to
pump from,” coleman says. “the bathroom was an outhouse. but we only had to live that way for a week. the people there live that way all of the time. it really makes you appreciate what you have.”
muller says he still has a vivid image of the children, giddy and squealing, laughing and enjoying themselves around the oversized strangers from america. “we played with the kids for hours after we were done working,” he says. “we had so much fun with them. they didn’t want anything except for people to give them a little attention. i can’t begin to tell you how much that impacted me. to help someone so much in need was the ultimate gratification for me.”
ahmad says he doesn’t try to sell the players on the value of volunteer work. he just wants them to experience it — and then decide.
“i’ve found that it’s an amazing experience to have that kind of impact on people’s lives. i think the players feel the same way when they go to haiti and then come back. it’s as rewarding as anything you can do in life.”
and that’s a promise.
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fər ðoʊz hu ˈɑrənt ɔˈrɛdi fəˈmɪljər, ðə ˈpæˌspɔrt ɪz ən ənd paʊərd baɪ kˈwɑlˌkɑmz sˈnæpˌdrægən flaɪt ˈplætˌfɔrm. ɪt kəmz wɪθ ə stɪl ˈkæmərə ðət kən ʃut ˈvɪdioʊ, ənd ðɛrz ə ɪnˈkloʊʒər fər ðə prəˈpɛlərz ðə droʊn ɪz əˈbaʊt ðə saɪz əv ə kəˈsɛt teɪp wɪn ˈfoʊldɪd, ɪf ju noʊ wət ðət ɪz. sɪns ðə ˈpæˌspɔrt ˈoʊnli weɪz 242 græmz (ɪt wɑz ərˈɪʤənəli ˈeɪmɪŋ fər 238 græmz), ɪt ɪz nɑt ˈsəbʤɪkt tɪ ðə ˈhɑbiɪst droʊn ˌrɛʤɪˈstreɪʃən. ðɛrz noʊ kənˈtroʊlər; jul ʤɪst bi ˈjuzɪŋ jʊr ˈænˌdrɔɪd foʊn ər ˈaɪˌfoʊn tɪ kənˈtroʊl ɪt ˈviə ˈwiˌfi wɪr toʊld tɪ ɪkˈspɛkt ə reɪnʤ ɔn ə kəˈnɛkʃən, pləs əp tɪ 10 ˈmɪnəts əv ˈhəvərɪŋ taɪm pər ʧɑrʤ wɪn ðɛrz noʊ wɪnd. fər ðə spid friks, ðɪs məˈʃin kən ˈtrævəl æt əp tɪ 8 ər əˈbaʊt 18 ˈɛmˈpiˈeɪʧ ˌhɔrɪˈzɑntəli, bət jul ˈɑbviəsli wɔnt tɪ kip ə spɛr ˈbætəri ˈhændi (ðə ˈstændərd ˈpækɪʤ kəmz wɪθ tu ˈbætəriz pləs ə ˈʧɑrʤər). waɪl 549 ˈɪzənt ɪgˈzæktli ʧip wɪn kəmˈpɛrd tɪ muv kənˈvɛnʃənəl ˈɔfərɪŋz, ðə ˈpæˌspɔrt dɪz kəm wɪθ səm ˈəðər ˈhændi ˈfiʧərz: ɪt kən ˌɔtəˈmætɪkli ˈfɑloʊ jʊr feɪs ər ˈbɑdi, ˈɔrbət əraʊnd ə ˈsəbʤɪkt waɪl ˈfɪlmɪŋ ɪt (ˈsɪmələr tɪ pɔɪnt əv ˈɪntəˌrɛst moʊd), ənd ʃut ə ˌpænərˈæmə ˈvɪdioʊ. ɛz ˌbiˈfɔr, ðə droʊn "teɪks ɔf" baɪ ˈsɪmpli ˈprɛsɪŋ ðə paʊər ˈbətən wəns waɪl ɔn ˈstændˈbaɪ, ənd ðɛn riˈlis ɪt ˌhɔrɪˈzɑntəli tɪ lɛt ɪt ˈhəvər raɪt əˈweɪ; ˈsɪmələrli, ʤɪst græb ɪt waɪl ɪts ɪn ənd ðɛn pɔɪnt ɪt ˈdaʊnwərd tɪ sloʊ daʊn ðə prəˈpɛlərz, ənd ðɛn ju kən prɛs ðə paʊər ˈbətən tɪ stɑp ɪt ɪnˈtaɪərli. ðiz ər ɔl meɪd ˈpɑsəbəl θæŋks tɪ ðə ˈpaʊərfəl ˈprɑˌsɛsər, ˈsoʊnɑr, ˈkæmərə pləs ˈəðər ˈsɛnsərz. fər ðoʊz hu ər ˈwɪlɪŋ tɪ gɪv ðə ˈpæˌspɔrt ə spɪn, ju kən pleɪs jʊr ˈɔrdər ɔn ðə əˈfɪʃəl ˈwɛbˌsaɪt ənd teɪk ædˈvæntɪʤ əv ðə 549 praɪs; ˈɪtəl goʊ əp tɪ 599 tu wiks ˈleɪtər. ˈminˌwaɪl, steɪ tund fər ɑr ˈəpˌkəmɪŋ ˌrivˈju.
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for those who aren't already familiar, the passport is an ultra-lightweight and ultra-compact quadcopter powered by qualcomm's snapdragon flight platform. it comes with a 13-megapixel still camera that can shoot 4k video, and there's a foldable carbon-fiber enclosure for the propellers -- the drone is about the size of a vhs cassette tape when folded, if you know what that is. since the passport only weighs 242 grams (it was originally aiming for 238 grams), it is not subject to the faa's hobbyist drone registration.
there's no controller; you'll just be using your android phone or iphone to control it via wifi -- we're told to expect a 20-meter range on a 5ghz connection, plus up to 10 minutes of hovering time per charge when there's no wind. for the speed freaks, this machine can travel at up to 8 m/s or about 18 mph horizontally, but you'll obviously want to keep a spare battery handy (the standard package comes with two batteries plus a dual-battery charger).
while $549 isn't exactly cheap when compared to move conventional offerings, the passport does come with some other handy features: it can automatically follow your face or body, orbit around a subject while filming it (similar to dji's point of interest mode), and shoot a 360-degree panorama video. as before, the drone "takes off" by simply pressing the power button once while on standby, and then release it horizontally to let it hover right away; similarly, just grab it while it's in mid-air and then point it downward to slow down the propellers, and then you can press the power button to stop it entirely. these are all made possible thanks to the passport's powerful processor, sonar, downward-facing camera plus other sensors.
for those who are willing to give the passport a spin, you can place your order on the official website and take advantage of the $549 early-bird price; it'll go up to $599 two weeks later. meanwhile, stay tuned for our upcoming review.
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ˈsaɪəntɪsts hæv kriˈeɪtɪd ə dɪˈvaɪs ðət kən riˈlis ə ˈsɪŋgəl, prɪˈsaɪsli ʃeɪpt ˈfoʊˌtɑn əv laɪt, ˈoʊpənɪŋ ðə weɪ tɪ ə sɪˈkjʊr internet”*” ðət ɪz ˌɪnˈkrɛdəbli ˈpaʊərfəl ənd ˌɪmˈpɛnətrəbəl tɪ ˈhækərz. ðə ˈvɪʒən ɪz əv ə fˈjuʧər ˈnɛtˌwərk əv kˈwɑntəm kəmˈpjutərz ðət kən wərk təˈgɛðər tɪ sɑlv ˈprɑbləmz bɪɔnd ðə ˌkeɪpəˈbɪlətiz əv ˈkɑrənt məˈʃinz. ðə ki tɪ dɪˈvɛləpɪŋ ə kˈwɑntəm ˈɪntərˌnɛt ɪz ðə əˈbɪləˌti tɪ ɛnˈkoʊd ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən ɔn ˈsɪŋgəl ˈfoʊˌtɑnz əv laɪt ðət kən bi prəˈdust ɔn dɪˈmænd. naʊ ˌɑnˈdreɪə fiˈɔri əv ˈaɪnˌdhoʊvən ˌjunəˈvərsəti əv tɛkˈnɑləʤi ənd ˈkɑligz hæv dɪˈvɛləpt ə dɪˈvaɪs ðət kən du ðɪs baɪ ““sculpting”*” ðə ʃeɪp əv ˌɪndəˈvɪʤəwəl ˈfoʊˌtɑnz. ɪz ə ˈvɛri ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt stɛp tɪ bi ˈeɪbəl tɪ ˈproʊdus ˈsɪŋgəl ˈfoʊˌtɑnz ɪgˈzæktli wɪn ju wɔnt them,”*,” sɛd krɪs ˈfɪlɪps frəm ˌɪmˈpɪriəl ˈkɑlɪʤ, ˈləndən, hu ˌɪnˈvɑlvd ɪn ðə ˈrisərʧ. kˈwɑntəm ˈnɛtˌwərks ər ˈhaɪli sɔt ˈæftər baɪ ˈgəvərnmənts əraʊnd ðə wərld bɪˈkəz ðeɪ kən meɪk kəmˌjunəˈkeɪʃən bɪtˈwin tu kəmˈpjutərz ˌɪmˈpɛnətrəbəl tɪ ˈhækərz. ɪf ˈsəmˌwən dɪz rɛd ðə ˈdætə waɪl biɪŋ trænzˈmɪtəd, ɪt ɪz ˌɔtəˈmætɪkli ʧeɪnʤd, ˈmeɪkɪŋ ðə hæk ˈizəli dɪˈtɛktəbəl. ðə ʃeɪp əv ə ˈfoʊˌtɑn ɪz dɪˈtərmənd baɪ haʊ sˈmuðli ðə ˈɛnərʤi ɪt kənˈteɪnz ɪz riˈlist. moʊst əv ðə ˈɛnərʤi ɪz riˈlist æt ðə stɑrt əv ðə ˈprɔˌsɛs, wɪθ ðə rɪˈmeɪndər ˈtreɪlɪŋ ɔf təˈwɔrdz ðə ɛnd. ˈivɪn ðoʊ ðə ɪˈmɪʃən teɪks ʤɪst ˈbɪljənθs əv ə ˈsɛkənd, ɪt gɪvz ðə ˈfoʊˌtɑn ə ˈlɑpˈsaɪdɪd ʃeɪp. ˈætəmz ˈnæʧərəli ɪˈmɪt ˈsɪŋgəl ˈfoʊˌtɑnz bət ðiz ər nɑt prɪˈsaɪs ɪˈnəf. fiˈɔri ənd ˈkɑligz faʊnd ðət ðeɪ kʊd ˈproʊdus ˈfoʊˌtɑnz wɪθ kənˈtroʊld ʃeɪps ˈjuzɪŋ ə kˈwɑntəm dɑt, ə pis əv ˌsɛmɪkənˈdəktər məˈtɪriəl ðət kən ɪˈmɪt ə ˈfoʊˌtɑn wɪn ˈtrɪgərd. tɪ skəlpt ðə ˈfoʊˌtɑn, ðeɪ pleɪst ðə kˈwɑntəm dɑt ˌɪnˈsaɪd ə ˈkrɪstəl, wɪʧ ˈæktɪd ɛz ə ˈfɪltər. ɪn ðɪs ˌsɪʧuˈeɪʃən, ðə ɪˈmɪʃən dɪˈpɛndz ɔn ðə ˈɛnərʤi əv ðə kˈwɑntəm dɑt ˈfoʊˌtɑn, wɪʧ kən bi kənˈtroʊld baɪ ən əˈplaɪd ˈvoʊltɪʤ. ðɪs ˈfɔrsɪz ðə laɪt tɪ ɪˈskeɪp æt ə ˈstɛdi peɪs. ðeɪ hæv ˌriˈpɔrtəd ðə ˌdɪˈskəvri ɪn ðə ˈʤərnəl ˈneɪʧər kəmˌjunəˈkeɪʃənz. kˈwɑntəm kəmˈpjutərz wɪʧ ər ˌθiərˈɛtɪkəli ˈpɑsəbəl bət hæv nɑt jɛt bɪn bɪlt səkˈsɛsfəli wərk baɪ ˈɛkˌsplɔɪtɪŋ ðə ˈwɪrdnəs əv kˈwɑntəm məˈkænɪks. trəˈdɪʃənəl kəmˈpjutərz hoʊld ðɛr ˈdætə ɪn bɪts ɛz ˈiðər 1 ər 0 ðiz ər məˈnɪpjəˌleɪtɪd baɪ ˈproʊˌgræmz əˈlaʊɪŋ ðə məˈʃin tɪ əraɪv æt ðə kərˈɛkt ˈænsər. kˈwɑntəm kəmˈpjutərz hoʊld ðɪs ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən ɪn kˈwɑntəm bɪts (qubits*) ðət kən bi 1 ənd 0 ˌsaɪməlˈteɪniəsli, ə fəˈnɑməˌnɑn noʊn ɛz superposition*. ðə ˌkælkjəˈleɪʃən ɪz ɛnˈkoʊdɪd ɪn ðə ˈsɛˌtəp əv ðə, wɪʧ kən ðɛn pərˈfɔrm ɔl ðə ˌkælkjəˈleɪʃənz ˌsaɪməlˈteɪniəsli ˈlidɪŋ tɪ ə drəˈmætɪk ɪn pərˈfɔrməns. ɪz ˈrædɪkli ˈdɪfərənt tɛkˈnɑləʤi ðən wi hæv today,”*,” sɛd ˈiən ˈwɔlmsli əv ðə ˌjunəˈvərsəti əv ˈɑksfərd. ɪt wɪl meɪk ˈsərtən ˌkɑmpjuˈteɪʃənəl ˈprɑbləmz, səʧ ɛz ˈfɔrˌkæstɪŋ ðə ˈwɛðər, məʧ ˈsɪmpələr tɪ pərˈfɔrm. æt ˈprɛzənt, səʧ ˌkælkjəˈleɪʃənz ər ˈkɛrid aʊt ɔn ˌsupərkəmˈpjutərz bət ðeɪ stɪl teɪk tu məʧ taɪm tɪ du prɪˈsaɪsli, soʊ əˌprɑksəˈmeɪʃənz hæv tɪ bi meɪd. ˈsɪmjəˌleɪtɪŋ ðə bɪˈheɪvjər əv ˈmɑləˌkjulz wʊd ˈɔlsoʊ bi ˈpɑsəbəl ɔn ə kˈwɑntəm kəmˈpjutər ənd ðɪs kʊd hɛlp ˌfɑrməˈsutɪkəl ˈkəmpəˌniz dɪˈzaɪn mɔr ˈifɛktɪv drəgz. ðə ˌɪnˌtɛrəˈgeɪʃən əv bɪg ˈdætəˌbeɪsɪz wʊd ˈɔlsoʊ bi drəˈmætɪkəli ˈspidɪd əp. ə kˈwɑntəm kəmˈpjutər meɪks ˌsaɪməlˈteɪniəs ˌkælkjəˈleɪʃənz baɪ ɪts ˈjuzɪŋ ə fəˈnɑməˌnɑn kɔld ɪnˈtæŋgəlmənt. ðɪs lɪŋks ðə kˈwɑntəm ˈprɑpərtiz əv ˈpɑrtɪkəlz ɪn ə weɪ ðət dɪˈfaɪz ðə ˈklæsɪkəl lɔz əv ˈfɪzɪks. fər ˈsərtən ɛnˈtæŋgəld steɪts, ˈmɛʒərɪŋ ən ɛnˈtæŋgəld ˈpɑrtɪkəl tɪ lərn ɪts ˈprɑpərtiz ˌɔtəˈmætɪkli ˈfɔrsɪz ɪts ˈpɑrtnər tɪ əˈsum ðə ˈɑpəzɪt ˌkɛrɪktərˈɪstɪks. ðɪs ˈhæpənz ˌɪnstənˈtæniəsli noʊ ˈmætər haʊ fɑr əˈpɑrt ðə tu ˈpɑrtɪkəlz hæv bɪn ˈsɛpərˌeɪtɪd ˈsəmθɪŋ ðət ˈaɪnstaɪn kɔld ˈækʃən æt ə distance”*”. ˈʃɛrɪŋ ɛnˈtæŋgəld kˈwɑntəm ˈdætə ɪz nɑt ˈpɑsəbəl wɪθ ˈkɑrənt tɛkˈnɑləʤi. fər trænzˈmɪʃən əˈkrɔs ˈɪntərˌnɛt, ðə ˈprɛʃəs wʊd hæv tɪ bi trænsˈfɔrmd ˈɪntu ˈɔrdəˌnɛri ˈdætə, dɪˈstrɔɪɪŋ ðɛr paʊər. meɪk ðə moʊst əv kˈwɑntəm kəmˈpjutərz ju wɪl nid ə kˈwɑntəm internet,”*,” sɪz fiˈɔri. hɪz nu dɪˈvaɪs ɪz ə stɛp təˈwɔrdz ˈʃɛrɪŋ ɛnˈtæŋgəld ˈpɑrtɪkəlz, ðəs ˈlɪŋkɪŋ kˈwɑntəm kəmˈpjutərz əˈkrɔs ðə wərld wəns ðeɪ hæv bɪn dɪˈvɛləpt. kən bi ˈɪnəˌgreɪtɪd ˈɪntu dɪˈvaɪsɪz ənd ʧɪps. ɪt ˈoʊpənz ðə weɪ tɪ ðə ɪˈfɪʃənt ɪksˈʧeɪnʤ əv ˈfoʊˌtɑnz bɪtˈwin kˈwɑntəm ʧɪps, wɪʧ kʊd bi juzd ɪn ə fˈjuʧər kˈwɑntəm network,”*,” sɛd fiˈɔri. ɪz ˈvɛri gʊd ˈəndərˌpɪnɪŋ technology,”*,” sɛd ˈwɔlmsli, kˈwɑntəm ˈɪntərˌnɛt ɪz ə ril ˌpɑsəˈbɪləˌti bət ɪt ɪz nɑt goʊɪŋ tɪ ˈhæpən nɛkst week.”*.” tɪ pʊʃ ðə dɪˈvɛləpmənt əv ðɪs tɛkˈnɑləʤi, ðə ˈgəvərnmənt ɪz ˌɪnˈvɛstɪŋ ɪn fɔr kˈwɑntəm tɛkˈnɑləʤi həbz. ɪn noʊˈvɛmbər, ðə ˌjunəˈvərsətiz æt ˈbərmɪŋˌhæm, ˈglæˌskoʊ, ˈɑksfərd ənd jɔrk wər əˈnaʊnst ɛz həb ˈlidərz baɪ ðə saɪəns ˈmɪnɪstər, grɛg klɑrk.
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scientists have created a device that can release a single, precisely shaped photon of light, opening the way to a secure “quantum internet” that is incredibly powerful and impenetrable to hackers.
the vision is of a future network of quantum computers that can work together to solve problems beyond the capabilities of current machines.
the key to developing a quantum internet is the ability to encode information on single photons of light that can be produced on demand. now prof andrea fiore of eindhoven university of technology and colleagues have developed a nanoscale device that can do this by “sculpting” the shape of individual photons.
“this is a very important step to be able to produce single photons exactly when you want them,” said prof chris phillips from imperial college, london, who wasn’t involved in the research.
quantum networks are highly sought after by governments around the world because they can make communication between two computers impenetrable to hackers. if someone does read the data while it’s being transmitted, it is automatically changed, making the hack easily detectable.
the shape of a photon is determined by how smoothly the energy it contains is released. most of the energy is released at the start of the process, with the remainder trailing off towards the end. even though the emission takes just billionths of a second, it gives the photon a lopsided shape.
atoms naturally emit single photons but these are not precise enough. fiore and colleagues found that they could produce photons with controlled shapes using a quantum dot, a piece of semiconductor material that can emit a photon when triggered.
to sculpt the photon, they placed the quantum dot inside a photonic crystal, which acted as a filter. in this situation, the emission depends on the energy of the quantum dot photon, which can be controlled by an applied voltage. this forces the light to escape at a steady pace. they have reported the discovery in the journal nature communications.
quantum computers – which are theoretically possible but have not yet been built successfully – work by exploiting the weirdness of quantum mechanics. traditional computers hold their data in bits as either 1 or 0. these are manipulated by programs allowing the machine to arrive at the correct answer.
quantum computers hold this information in quantum bits (qubits) that can be 1 and 0 simultaneously, a phenomenon known as superposition. the calculation is encoded in the set-up of the qubits, which can then perform all the calculations simultaneously leading to a dramatic speed-up in performance.
“this is radically different technology than we have today,” said prof ian walmsley of the university of oxford. it will make certain computational problems, such as forecasting the weather, much simpler to perform. at present, such calculations are carried out on supercomputers but they still take too much time to do precisely, so approximations have to be made.
simulating the behaviour of molecules would also be possible on a quantum computer and this could help pharmaceutical companies design more effective drugs. the interrogation of big databases would also be dramatically speeded up.
a quantum computer makes simultaneous calculations by synchronising its qubits using a phenomenon called entanglement. this links the quantum properties of particles in a way that defies the classical laws of physics.
for certain entangled states, measuring an entangled particle to learn its properties automatically forces its partner to assume the opposite characteristics. this happens instantaneously no matter how far apart the two particles have been separated – something that einstein called “spooky action at a distance”.
sharing entangled quantum data is not possible with current technology. for transmission across today’s internet, the precious qubits would have to be transformed into ordinary data, destroying their power.
“to make the most of quantum computers you will need a quantum internet,” says fiore. his new device is a step towards sharing entangled particles, thus linking quantum computers across the world – once they have been developed.
“these nanostructures can be integrated into devices and chips. it opens the way to the efficient exchange of photons between quantum chips, which could be used in a future quantum network,” said fiore.
“this is very good underpinning technology,” said walmsley, “a quantum internet is a real possibility but it is not going to happen next week.”
to push the development of this technology, the uk government is investing £120m in four quantum technology hubs. in november, the universities at birmingham, glasgow, oxford and york were announced as hub leaders by the science minister, greg clark.
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““hardcore”*” platformer*,, ˈkəmɪŋ tɪ geɪmz ənd ˈsɛkʃən ˈstudiˌoʊz hæv əˈnaʊnst ən ˈəpˌkəmɪŋ ““hardcore”*” platformer*,, wɪʧ wɪl bi ˈhɛdɪŋ tɪ ðə ˈpleɪˌsteɪʃən 4 ɪn ðə ˈsɛkənd hæf əv 2015 ˈsiˌiˈoʊ, ˈvilɑz tewari*, sɛd ðə geɪm dɪz nɑt ˈfiʧər ə ““jump”*” ˈbətən, ənd ˌɪnˈstɛd, gɪvz pleɪərz ˈrɑkət ˈlɔnʧərz wɪθ ˈɪnfənət ˈæˌmoʊ. ju laɪk ˈrɑkət ˈʤəmpɪŋ ənd ˈfɪzɪks, ɪn fər ə treat!”*!” hi ˈædɪd. əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ən əˈfɪʃəl dɪˈskrɪpʃən əv ðə geɪm: ɪz ə platformer*. ðə ˈlɛvəlz ɪn iʧ wərld ər ˈfɪzɪkəli kəˈnɛktɪd tɪ wən əˈnəðər ənd ræp əraʊnd laɪk ˈmeɪzɪz. dɪˈzaɪn ˈpɪlərz ər dɛpθ ənd ˈmæstəri. ðə geɪm wərldz ər ˈkræftɪd tɪ bi ˈʧælənʤɪŋ, jɛt ðeɪ hæv lɑts əv rum fər ˌkɑmpəˈtɪʃən θru spid ənd ˈklɛvər juz əv ˈrɑkəts. ɛz ju pleɪ θru ðə geɪm lərn tɪ kəˈnɛkt jʊr ˈrɑkət ʤəmps ənd ˈlɛvərɪʤ moʊˈmɛntəm tɪ goʊ ˈfæstər. jʊr spid ɪz ˈoʊnli ˈlɪmɪtɪd baɪ jʊr mæd skillz*! ɪkˈspɛkt ˌɪnˈtɛns ˈmoʊmənts ənd sˈwɛti kənˈtroʊlərz ɛz ju flaɪ θru ðə ɪnˈvaɪrənmənts ənd teɪk ɔn ʤaɪənt ˈroʊˌbət ˈbɔsɪz. wɪl bi æt ðə ˈpleɪˌsteɪʃən ɪkˈspɪriəns ɪˈvɛnt ðɪs dɪˈsɛmbər. [sɔrs: ˈpleɪˌsteɪʃən]
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“hardcore” platformer, tinertia, coming to ps4
candescent games and section studios have announced an upcoming “hardcore” platformer, tinertia, which will be heading to the playstation 4 in the second half of 2015.
candescent ceo, vilas tewari, said the game does not feature a “jump” button, and instead, gives players rocket launchers with infinite ammo. “if you like rocket jumping and physics, you’re in for a treat!” he added. according to an official description of the game:
tinertia is a 2.5d platformer. the levels in each world are physically connected to one another and wrap around like mazes. tinertia’s design pillars are depth and mastery. the game worlds are crafted to be challenging, yet they have lots of room for competition through speed and clever use of rockets. as you play through the game you’ll learn to connect your rocket jumps and leverage momentum to go faster. your speed is only limited by your mad skillz! expect intense moments and sweaty controllers as you fly through the environments and take on giant robot bosses.
tinertia will be playable at the playstation experience event this december.
[source: playstation]
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ʤɑn ˈlɛsɪn dɛˈwɪt (ˈʤænjuˌɛri 9 1880 ʤun 20 1962 wɑz ə ˈʤɛnərəl ɪn ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts ˈɑrmi, bɛst noʊn fər hɪz ˈvoʊkəl səˈpɔrt əv ðə ˌɪnˈtərnmənt əv ˈdʊrɪŋ wərld wɔr. ˈʤɛnərəl dɛˈwɪt bɪˈlivd ðət ˌʤæpəˈniz ənd ˌʤæpəˈniz əˈmɛrɪkənz ɪn ˌkæləˈfɔrnjə, ˈɔrəˌgɑn, ənd ˈwɔʃɪŋtən wər kənˈspaɪrɪŋ tɪ ˈsæbəˌtɑʒ ðə əˈmɛrɪkən wɔr ˈɛfərt, ənd ˌrɛkəˈmɛndɪd ðeɪ bi riˈmuvd frəm ˈkoʊstəl ˈɛriəz. ˈprɛzɪdənt ˈfræŋklɪn di. ˈruzəˌvɛlt əˈgrid wɪθ ˌrɛkəmənˈdeɪʃən ənd ˈɪʃud ɪgˈzɛkjətɪv ˈɔrdər 9066 ˈɔrdərɪŋ ðə ˌɪnˈtərnmənt. dɛˈwɪt juzd ðə əˈθɔrəti ˈgrænɪd tɪ ɪm tɪ ˈɪʃu ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri ˌprɑkləˈmeɪʃənz tɪ pleɪs moʊst əv ðə wɛst koʊst ɔf ˈlɪmɪts tɪ ˌʤæpəˈniz əˈmɛrɪkənz, ˌɪnˈkɑrsərˌeɪtɪŋ ˌʤæpəˈniz mɛn, ˈwɪmən ənd ˈʧɪldrən, moʊst əv hum wər əˈmɛrɪkən ˈsɪtɪzənz. ˌɔlˈðoʊ ðə rɪˈmuvəl əv ðə ˌʤæpəˈniz əˈmɛrɪkənz wɑz ˈtɛknɪkəli kɔld ən ɪˌvækjəˈweɪʃən, ɪt tərnd aʊt tɪ bi ˌɪnˈtərnmənt ɪn dɪˈtɛnʃən kæmps. ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri kərɪr ˈɛdət dɛˈwɪt wɑz bɔrn æt fɔrt ˈsɪdni, nəˈbræskə, ɔn ˈʤænjuˌɛri 9 1880 hi wɑz əv dəʧ ɔn ɑkˈtoʊbər 10 1898 hi wɑz əˈpɔɪntɪd ɛz ə ˈsɛkənd luˈtɛnənt wɪθ ðə juz. ˈɑrmi ˈɪnfəntri. hi wʊd ˈəltəmətli sərv ˈnɪrli ˈfɪfti jɪrz, frəm 1898 tɪ 1947 ɪn ðə ˈɑrmi. hɪz ˈərli əˈsaɪnmənts ˌɪnˈkludɪd ˈsərvɪs ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə ˈfɪləˌpin ˌɪnsərˈɛkʃən ənd ɪn ˈmɛksəkən ˈpjunətɪv ˌɛkspəˈdɪʃən. wərld wɔr aɪ ˈɛdət ɪn 1918 dɛˈwɪt ʃɪpt aʊt wɪθ ðə dɪˈvɪʒən tɪ ðə ˈbætəlˌfildz əv fræns ɛz ə kˈwɔrtərˌmæstər ɪn ðə dɪˈvɪʒən ˈhɛdˌkɔrtərz. ˈəðər ˈnoʊtˌwərði ˈmɛmbərz əv ðə dɪˈvɪʒən ˌɪnˈkludɪd ˈdəgləs məˈkɑrθər ənd ˈwɪljəm ʤeɪ. ˈdɑnəvən. ɪn ˌʤuˈlaɪ 1918 dɛˈwɪt wɑz prəˈmoʊtəd tɪ fʊl ˈkərnəl, ənd kənˈtɪnjud kˈwɔrtərˌmæstər ˈdutiz fər ðə fərst ˈɑrmi. hi rɪˈsivd ðə dɪˈstɪŋgwɪʃt ˈsərvɪs ˈmɛdəl æt ðə ɛnd əv wərld wɔr aɪ. jɪrz ˈɛdət bɪtˈwin 1919 ənd 1930 dɛˈwɪt sərvd ɪn ˈvɛriəs kˈwɔrtərˌmæstər pəˈzɪʃənz, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ əˈsɪstənt ˌkɑmənˈdɑnt əv ðə ˈʤɛnərəl stæf ˈkɑlɪʤ, ʧif əv ðə ˈstɔrɪʤ ənd ˈɪʃu brænʧ, ənd ðə səˈplaɪ dɪˈvɪʒən. ɪn 1930 hi wɑz prəˈmoʊtəd tɪ ˈmeɪʤər ˈʤɛnərəl ənd əˈsaɪnd ɛz kˈwɔrtərˌmæstər ˈʤɛnərəl əv ðə juz. ˈɑrmi. dɛˈwɪt ˈɔlsoʊ əˈsumd kənˈtroʊl əv ðə goʊld stɑr ˈməðərz' ˈpɪlgrəmɪʤ. ˈʤɛnərəl dɛˈwɪt wɑz riˈspɑnsəbəl fər ɔl ləˈʤɪstɪks ˌɪnˈvɑlvɪŋ ðɪs kənˈgrɛʃənəli əˈpruvd ɪˈvɛnt. ˈæftər rɪˈtərnɪŋ tɪ ðə ˈɪnfəntri, dɛˈwɪt əˈsumd kənˈtroʊl əv ðə ˈfɪləˌpin dɪˈvɪʒən. ɪn ˌʤuˈlaɪ 1937 hi bɪˈkeɪm ˌkɑmənˈdɑnt əv ðə ˈɑrmi wɔr ˈkɑlɪʤ. tu jɪrz ˈleɪtər, ɪn dɪˈsɛmbər 1939 hi wɑz prəˈmoʊtəd tɪ ðə ræŋk əv luˈtɛnənt ˈʤɛnərəl, ənd ðɛn əˈsumd kəˈmænd əv ðə fɔrθ ˈɑrmi ɛz wɛl ɛz ðə ˈwɛstərn dɪˈfɛns kəˈmænd əv ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts ˈɑrmi, wɪθ riˌspɑnsəˈbɪlətiz fər ðə prəˈtɛkʃən əv ðə wɛst koʊst ˈɛriə əv ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts frəm ˌɪnˈveɪʒən baɪ ðə ˌʤæpəˈniz. wərld wɔr ˈɛdət æt eɪʤ 62 dɛˈwɪt wʊd ˈproʊdus ðə "ˈfaɪnəl rɪˈpɔrt: ˌʤæpəˈniz ɪˌvækjəˈweɪʃən frəm ðə wɛst koʊst, 1942 wɪʧ ˈɑrgjud fər ðə rɪˈmuvəl ənd ˌɪnˈtərnmənt əv ˈsɪtɪzənz əv ˈænsɛstri taɪ tɪ ə pæst ər ˈprɛzənt ˈɪməgrənt əv æt ðə ɛnd əv ðə ˌɪnˈtərnmənt əv mɔr ðən ˈsɪtɪzənz, nɑt ə ˈsɪŋgəl keɪs əv ˈɛspiənɑʤ wɑz ˈnidɪd] frəm dɪˈsɛmbər 5 1939 tɪ ʤun 15 1943 dɛˈwɪt wɑz əˈsaɪnd kəˈmænd əv ðə kɔrz ˈɛriə ənd ɪts 1942 səkˈsɛsər, ðə ˈwɛstərn dɪˈfɛns kəˈmænd, boʊθ ˈhɛdˌkɔrtərd æt ðə prɪˈsɪdiˌoʊ əv sæn frænˈsɪskoʊ. dɛˈwɪt wɑz ɪn sæn frænˈsɪskoʊ ɔn ðə ˈivnɪŋ əv dɪˈsɛmbər 8 1941 wən deɪ ˈæftər ðə ˌʤæpəˈniz əˈtæk ɔn pərl ˈhɑrbər, wɪn ɛr reɪd ˈsaɪrənz wər ˈsaʊndɪd. ən ˈɛstəˌmeɪtɪd 35 ˌʤæpəˈniz ˈwɔrˌpleɪnz wər səˈpoʊzədli ˈsaɪtɪd əˈbəv sæn frænˈsɪskoʊ beɪ ɔn ə riˈkɑnəsəns ˈmɪʃən. dɛˈwɪt wɑz fˈjʊriəs æt ðə læk əv ˈblæˌkaʊt priˈkɔʃənz ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə ɛr reɪdz. hi ˈblæstɪd ˈsɪti ˈlidərz æt ə ˈsɪvəl dɪˈfɛns ˈkaʊnsəl ˈmitɪŋ ðə nɛkst deɪ, seɪɪŋ, "dɛθ ənd dɪˈstrəkʃən ər ˈlaɪkli tɪ kəm tɪ ðɪs ˈsɪti æt ˈɛni ˈmoʊmənt. ðə ˈpipəl əv sæn frænˈsɪskoʊ du nɑt sim tɪ əˈpriʃiˌeɪt ðət wi ər æt wɔr ɪn ˈɛvəri sɛns. aɪ hæv kəm hir bɪˈkəz wi wɔnt ˈækʃən ənd wi wɔnt ˈækʃən naʊ. ənˈlɛs ˈdɛfənət ənd stərn ˈækʃən ɪz ˈteɪkən tɪ kərˈɛkt læst naɪts dɪˈfɪʃənsiz, ə greɪt dil əv dɪˈstrəkʃən wɪl kəm. ðoʊz pleɪnz wər ˈoʊvər ɑr kəmˈjunɪti. ðeɪ wər ˈoʊvər ɑr kəmˈjunɪti fər ə ˈdɛfənət ˈpɪriəd. ðeɪ wər ˈɛnəmi pleɪnz. aɪ min ˌʤæpəˈniz pleɪnz. ðeɪ wər trækt aʊt tɪ si." æt ðə ˈsɪvəl dɪˈfɛns ˈkaʊnsəl ˈmitɪŋ, dɛˈwɪt səˈʤɛstɪd ðət ɪt maɪt hæv bɪn ə gʊd θɪŋ ɪf ðə pleɪnz hæd drɑpt bɑmz tɪ "əˈweɪkən ðɪs ˈsɪti." hi sɛd, "ɪf aɪ kænt nɑk ðiz fækts ˈɪntu jʊr hɛdz wɪθ wərdz, aɪ wɪl hæv tɪ tərn ju ˈoʊvər tɪ ðə pəˈlis ənd lɛt ðɛm nɑk ðɛm ˈɪntu ju wɪθ kləbz." dɛˈwɪt ækˈnɑlɪʤd ðət səm ˈpipəl hæd æst waɪ hi feɪld tɪ gɪv ˈɔrdərz tɪ faɪər ɔn ðə pleɪnz. "aɪ seɪ ɪts nən əv ðɛr dæm ˈbɪznɪs," hi rɪˈspɑndɪd. "sæn frænˈsɪskoʊ woʊk əp ðɪs ˈmɔrnɪŋ wɪˈθaʊt ə ˈsɪŋgəl dɛθ frəm bɑmz. ˈɪzənt ðət dɛˈwɪt ˌrɛkəˈmɛndɪd fər ðə 1942 roʊz boʊl ˈfʊtˌbɔl geɪm, ˈnɔrməli pleɪd ɪn ˌpæsəˈdinər, ˌkæləˈfɔrnjə, tɪ bi dɛˈwɪt fɪrd ðət ðə lɑrʤ kraʊd əv ˈspɛkteɪtərz wʊd bi tu ˈtɛmptɪŋ ə ˈtərgət fər ˌʤæpəˈniz ˈwɔrˌpleɪnz. fər ðə fərst ənd ˈoʊnli taɪm ɪn ɪts ˈhɪstəri, ðə 1942 roʊz boʊl geɪm wɑz muvd tɪ nɔrθ ˌkɛrəˈlaɪnə. ɔn dɪˈsɛmbər 19 1941 ˈʤɛnərəl dɛˈwɪt hæd ˌrɛkəˈmɛndɪd tɪ ðə ˈɑrmiz "ðət ˈækʃən bi ˌɪˈnɪʃiˌeɪtɪd æt ðə ˈərliəst ˈpræktəkəbəl deɪt tɪ kəˈlɛkt ɔl ˈeɪliən ˈsəbʤɪkts ˌfɔrˈtin jɪrz əv eɪʤ ənd ˈoʊvər, əv ˈɛnəmi ˈneɪʃənz ənd riˈmuv ðɛm tɪ ðə zoʊn əv ðə ˌɪnˈtɪriər." hi ˌɪˈnɪʃəli fɛlt ˈvɛri ˈdɪfərˈɛntli əˈbaʊt ðə nəˈsɛsɪti ənd ˌpræktɪˈkæləti əv ˈlɑkɪŋ əp ˈsɪtɪzənz ɛz wɛl, ɪn ə ˈtɛləˌfoʊn ˌkɑnvərˈseɪʃən wɪθ ˈmeɪʤər ˈʤɛnərəl ˈælən ˈdəbəlju. ˈgəljən ɔn dɪˈsɛmbər 26 rəˈgɑrdləs əv ðɪs, ˈfɑloʊɪŋ ðə ˈrɑbərts kəˈmɪʃən rɪˈpɔrt əv ˈʤænjuˌɛri 25 1942 əˈkjuzɪŋ ˈpərsənz əv ˌʤæpəˈniz ˈænsɛstri əv ˈwaɪdˈsprɛd ˈɛspiənɑʤ ɪn həˈwaɪˌi praɪər tɪ pərl ˈhɑrbər, əˈlɔŋ wɪθ hɪz pərˈsɛpʃən əv ˈpəblɪk əˈpɪnjən ɛz anti-japanese*, hi bɪˈkeɪm ə prəˈpoʊnənt əv ˌɪnˈtərnmənt əv ˌʤæpəˈniz ənd ˌɪˈnɪʃəli ˈʤərmən- ənd ˈpərsənz. hi fɛlt ðət ðə læk əv ˈsæbəˌtɑʒ ˈɛfərts ˈoʊnli mɛnt ðət ɪt wɑz biɪŋ ˈrɛdid fər ə ˈlɑrʤˌskeɪl ˈɛfərt. "ðə fækt ðət ˈnəθɪŋ həz ˈhæpənd soʊ fɑr ɪz mɔr ər lɛs ˈɑmənəs, ɪn ðət aɪ fil ðət ɪn vju əv ðə fækt ðət wi hæv hæd noʊ spərˈædɪk əˈtɛmpts æt ˈsæbəˌtɑʒ ðət ðɛr ɪz ə kənˈtroʊl biɪŋ ˈɛksərˌsaɪzd ənd wɪn wi hæv ɪt ɪt wɪl bi ɔn ə mæs ɪn ˈfɛbruˌɛri 1942 dɛˈwɪt ˌriˈpɔrtəd tɪ ˈfræŋklɪn ˈruzəˌvɛlt ðət noʊ ˈsæbəˌtɑʒ baɪ ˌʤæpəˈniz əˈmɛrɪkənz hæd jɛt bɪn kənˈfərmd, bət hi ˈkɑmɛntəd ðət ɪt ˈoʊnli pruvd "ə dɪˈstərbɪŋ ənd kənˈfərmɪŋ ˌɪndəˈkeɪʃən ðət səʧ ˈækʃən wɪl bi hi ˌrɛkəˈmɛndɪd ðə ɪˌvækjəˈweɪʃən əv ɔl ˌʤæpəˈniz frəm ðə ˈkoʊstəl ˈɛriəz əv ˌkæləˈfɔrnjə, ˈɔrəˌgɑn, ənd ˈwɔʃɪŋtən steɪt. ˈjuzɪŋ ɪgˈzɛkjətɪv ˈɔrdər 9066 dɛˈwɪt ðɛn bɪˈgæn ˈɪmpləˌmɛnɪŋ ə plæn fər ˈklæsəˌfaɪɪŋ, ˈraʊndɪŋ əp, ənd rɪˈmuvəl əv "undesirables*." ɔn mɑrʧ 2 1942 dɛˈwɪt ˈɪʃud "ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri ˌprɑkləˈmeɪʃən noʊ. 1 wɪʧ ˈdɛzɪgˌneɪtɪd ðə ˈwɛstərn pɑrts əv ˌkæləˈfɔrnjə, ˈɔrəˌgɑn ənd ˈwɔʃɪŋtən ɛz "ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri ˈɛriə noʊ. 1 ˈfərðər dɪˈvaɪdɪd ˈɪntu "proʊˈhɪbətəd zoʊn ənd "riˈstrɪktɪd zoʊn bi." ɪn ðə fərst feɪz əv ðə ˈɔrdər, ə prəˈvɪʒən wɑz ˌɪnˈkludɪd dɪˈrɛktɪŋ ðət "ˈɛni ˈpərsən əv ˌʤæpəˈniz ˈænsɛstri, naʊ ˈrɛzɪdənt ɪn ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri ˈɛriə noʊ. 1 hu ˈʧeɪnʤɪz hɪz pleɪs əv həˈbɪʧuəl ˈrɛzɪdəns məst faɪl ə 'ʧeɪnʤ əv ˈrɛzɪdəns ˈnoʊtɪs' æt hɪz ˈloʊkəl poʊst ˈɔfəs nɑt mɔr ðən faɪv deɪz nɔr lɛs ðən wən deɪ praɪər tɪ deɪz ˈleɪtər, dɛˈwɪt əˈnaʊnst ðət ðə ˈɑrmi hæd əkˈwaɪərd ˈeɪkərz 23 əv lænd nɪr, ˌkæləˈfɔrnjə, fər kənˈstrəkʃən əv ə "rɪˈsɛpʃən ˈsɛnər" wɪʧ hi sɛd wɑz "tɪ bi juzd ˈprɪnsɪpli ɛz ə ˈklɪrɪŋ haʊs fər ðə mɔr ˈpərmɑˌnɛnt riˈsɛtəlmənt ˈɛlsˌwɛr fər ˈpərsənz ɪkˈskludɪd frəm ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri rɪˈmuvəl bɪˈgæn ɔn mɑrʧ 23 1942 wɪθ ðə riˈsɛtəlmənt əv ˈsɪtɪzənz ˈlɪvɪŋ ɪn lɔs ˈænʤəlɪs. ɔn ðət deɪt, ˈʤɛnərəl dɛˈwɪt ˈɪʃud nu ˈɔrdərz əˈplaɪɪŋ tɪ, ˈsɛtɪŋ ən 8 p.m*. tɪ 6 a.m*. ˈkərfju ənd ˈbænɪŋ ˈoʊnərˌʃɪp əv ˈfaɪˌrɑrmz, ˈreɪdiˌoʊz, ˈkæmərəz, ənd ˈəðər ˈkɑntrəˌbænd. dɛˈwɪt ˈsteɪtɪd, "lɛt mi wɔrn ðə əˈfɛktɪd ˈeɪliənz ənd ðət ˈɛniˌθɪŋ bət strɪkt kəmˈplaɪəns wɪθ ðɪs prəˈvɪʒənz wɪl brɪŋ ˌɪˈmiˌdiət ˈnɔrðərn ˌkæləˈfɔrnjə ˈfɑloʊd ɪn ɛz dɛˈwɪt dɪˈklɛrd, "wi plæn tɪ ˌɪnˈkris ðə ˈtɛmˌpoʊ əv ðə ɪˌvækjəˈweɪʃən ɛz fæst ɛz ˈpɑsəbəl." ˈsɪtɪzənz ɪn spɪˈsɪfɪk ˈɛriəz wər rikˈwaɪərd tɪ rɪˈpɔrt tɪ ðɛr ˈdɛzɪgˌneɪtɪd "ˈsɪvəl kənˈtroʊl ˈsteɪʃən," wɛr ðeɪ wʊd ðɛn bi ˈteɪkən tɪ ən əˈsɛmbli ˈsɛnər fər ˌriˈloʊˈkeɪʃən. ɔl toʊld, dɛˈwɪt ˈɔrdərd ðə rɪˈmuvəl ənd ˌɪnˈtərnmənt əv mɛn, ˈwɪmən ənd ˈʧɪldrən əv ˌʤæpəˈniz ˈænsɛstri frəm ðɛr hoʊmz tɪ ˌɪnˈtərnmənt kæmps. əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ dɛˈwɪt, "ə ʤæp ɪz ə ˈwɛðər ə ˈjuˈɛs ˈsɪtɪzən ər nɑt. ə ˈfɛdərəl ʤəʤ, ʤeɪmz ˈælʤər fi əv ˈpɔrtlənd, ˈɔrəˌgɑn, ruld ɪn noʊˈvɛmbər, 1943 ðət əˈmɛrɪkən ˈsɪtɪzənz kʊd nɑt bi dɪˈteɪnd wɪˈθaʊt ə ˌprɑkləˈmeɪʃən əv ˈmɑrʃəl lɔ. rɪˈspɑns wɑz "ɔl ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri ˈɔrdərz ənd ˌprɑkləˈmeɪʃənz əv ðɪs ˈhɛdˌkɔrtərz rɪˈmeɪn ɪn fʊl fɔrs ənd ˈæftər ðə ˌriˈloʊˈkeɪʃən əv ˌʤæpəˈniz əˈmɛrɪkənz wɑz kəmˈplit, dɛˈwɪt ˈlɪftɪd ˈkərfju riˈstrɪkʃənz ɔn ɔn ɑkˈtoʊbər 19 ənd ɔn ɔn dɪˈsɛmbər 24 ˈtɛknɪkəli, ðə ˈkərfju wɑz "ˌɪˈnæplɪkəbəl tɪ ðə ˌʤæpəˈniz sɪns ɔl ˈmɛmbərz əv ðɪs grup wər riˈmuvd frəm ðə əˈfɛktɪd dɛˈwɪt hæd ə ˈpərsɪnəl vɛnˈdɛtə əˈgɛnst wən ˌɪˈtæljən ɪn ˌpɑˈtɪkjələr, ˈrɛmoʊ bosia*, wɪʧ ɪz dɪˈteɪld ɪn ˌɔtəbaɪˈɑgrəfi, ðə ˈʤɛnərəl ənd aɪ. dɛˈwɪt wɑz əˈpoʊzd tɪ wɔr ˌriˈloʊˈkeɪʃən əˈθɔrəti ˈɛfərts tɪ dɪˈstɪŋgwɪʃ lɔɪəl frəm dɪsˈlɔɪəl ˌʤæpəˈniz tɪ ðə kriˈeɪʃən əv ən ˈkɑmbæt ˈjunɪt. hi ˈtɛstɪˌfaɪd ˌbiˈfɔr ˈkɑŋgrəs, ɪn 1943 ðət hi wʊd "juz ˈɛvəri ˈprɑpər minz" æt hɪz dɪˈspoʊzəl tɪ stɑp ðə riˈsɛtəlmənt əv ˌʤæpəˈniz əˈmɛrɪkənz ˈaʊtˈsaɪd kæmp ənd ðɛr əˈvɛnʧuəl rɪˈtərn tɪ ðə wɛst koʊst ˈæftər ðə wɔr. hɪz ənd ˈkərnəl "ˈfaɪnəl rɪˈpɔrt" (ˈsərkjəˌleɪtɪd ənd ðɛn ˈheɪstəli rɪˈdæktɪd ɪn 1943 ənd 1944 ˈɔlsoʊ leɪd aʊt hɪz pəˈzɪʃən ðət ðɛr reɪs meɪd ɪt ˌɪmˈpɑsəbəl tɪ dɪˈtərmən ðɛr ˈlɔɪəlti, ðəs nəˈsɛsɪˌteɪtɪŋ ˌɪnˈtərnmənt. ðə ərˈɪʤənəl ˈvərʒən wɑz soʊ əˈfɛnsɪv, ˈivɪn ɪn ðə ˈætməsˌfɪr əv ðə ˈwɔrˌtaɪm ðət ˈɔrdərd ɔl ˈkɑpiz tɪ bi ˈɔrdərz ˈɔlsoʊ ˈrɛgjəˌleɪtɪd ˈəðər ˈɛriəz əv laɪf ɔn ðə wɛst koʊst. ə ˌprɑkləˈmeɪʃən proʊˈhɪbətəd dɪr ˈhəntɪŋ ənd ðə pleɪɪŋ əv ˈaʊtˌdɔr spɔrts æt ən əˈlæskə ˈtrævəl ˈɔfəs wɑz ɪˈstæblɪʃt tɪ ˈɪʃu ˈpərˌmɪts tɪ ˈɛniˌwən ˈsikɪŋ tɪ ˈtrævəl ˈɪntu ər aʊt əv ðə ˈtɛrɪˌtɔri əv lɛs noʊn ɪz roʊl ɪn ˈsupərˌvaɪzɪŋ ðə ˈkɑmbæt ˌɑpərˈeɪʃənz ɪn ðə əˈluʃən ˈaɪləndz, səm əv wɪʧ hæd bɪn ˌɪnˈveɪdɪd baɪ ˌʤæpəˈniz ˈfɔrsɪz. wɪn ˈhaʊsɪz əv ˌprɑstəˈtuʃən wər kloʊzd əˈkrɔs əˈmɛrɪkə, ˈʤɛnərəl dɛˈwɪt əˈlaʊd ˈsæli ˈstænfərd tɪ kənˈtɪnju tɪ ˈɔpərˌeɪt ə ˈbrɑθəl ɪn sæn æt ðə ɛnd əv hɪz ˈtɛnjər ɛz hɛd əv ˈwɛstərn dɪˈfɛns kəˈmænd, hi wɑz əˈpɔɪntɪd ɛz ðə ˌkɑmənˈdɑnt əv ðə ˈɑrmi ənd ˈneɪvi stæf ˈkɑlɪʤ ɪn hi rɪˈtaɪrd frəm ðə ˈɑrmi ɪn ʤun 1947 ɪn 1980 herzig-yoshinaga*, ˈɪnˌtərnd æt ˌkɑnsənˈtreɪʃən kæmp ɛz ə ˈtiˌneɪʤər, faʊnd ə ˈkɑpi əv ðə ərˈɪʤənəl ˈfaɪnəl rɪˈpɔrt ɪn ðə ˈnæʃənəl ˈɑrˌkaɪvz, əˈlɔŋ wɪθ noʊts ʃoʊɪŋ ðə ˈnumərəs ˈdɪfərənsɪz bɪtˈwin ðə ərˈɪʤənəl ənd rɪˈdæktɪd ðə ˈərliər, ˈreɪsɪst ənd ɪnˈflæməˌtɔri ˈvərʒən ɛz wɛl ɛz ðə ˈɛfˈbiˈaɪ ənd ˈɔfəs əv ˈneɪvəl ˌɪnˈtɛləʤəns (oni*) rɪˈpɔrts lɛd tɪ ðə ˈkɔˌræm ˈnoʊbɪs retrials*, wɪʧ ˈoʊvərˌtərnd ðə kənˈvɪkʃənz əv frɛd korematsu*, ˈgɔrdən hɪrəbaɪˈɑʃi ənd mɪˈnɔru yasui*, ɔn ɔl ˈʧɑrʤɪz rɪˈleɪtɪd tɪ ðɛr rɪfˈjuzəl tɪ səbˈmɪt tɪ ɪkˈskluʒən ənd ˌɪnˈtərnmənt. ðə kɔrts faʊnd ðət ðə ˈgəvərnmənt hæd ˌɪnˈtɛnʃənəli wɪθˈhɛld ðə rɪˈpɔrts ənd ˈəðər ˈkrɪtɪkəl ˈɛvədəns, æt traɪəlz ɔl ðə weɪ əp tɪ ðə səˈprim kɔrt, wɪʧ wʊd hæv pruvd ðət ðɛr wɑz noʊ ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri nəˈsɛsɪti fər ðə ɪkˈskluʒən ənd ˌɪnˈtərnmənt əv ˌʤæpəˈniz əˈmɛrɪkənz. ɪn ðə wərdz əv dɪˈpɑrtmənt əv ˈʤəstɪs əˈfɪʃəlz ˈraɪtɪŋ ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə wɔr, ðə ˌʤəstɪfɪˈkeɪʃənz wər beɪst ɔn "ˈwɪlfəl hɪˈstɔrɪkəl ˌɪˈnækjərˌæsiz ənd ˌɪnˈtɛnʃənəl ˈfælsˌhʊdz." leɪt kərɪr ˈɛdət ɪn 1943 dɛˈwɪt wɑz ˌriəˈsaɪnd ɛz ðə kəˈmændər əv ðə stæf ˈkɑlɪʤ (ˈprɛdəˌsɛsər əv ðə ˈnæʃənəl wɔr ˈkɑlɪʤ) æt fɔrt ˈlɛsli ʤeɪ. məkˈnɛr ɪn ˈwɔʃɪŋtən, d.c*. hi hɛld ðɪs pəˈzɪʃən ənˈtɪl hi rɪˈtaɪrd frəm ðə ˈɑrmi ɪn 1946 ɔn ˌʤuˈlaɪ 19 1954 dɛˈwɪt bɪˈkeɪm ə fʊl ˈʤɛnərəl baɪ ˈspɛʃəl ækt əv ˈkɑŋgrəs fər hɪz ˈsərvɪsɪz ɪn wərld wɔr. dɛˈwɪt daɪd ɪn ˈwɔʃɪŋtən, d.c*., ɔn ʤun 20 1962 əv ə hɑrt əˈtæk. hi ɪz ˈbɛrid ɪn ˈsɛkʃən 2 əv ˈɑrlɪŋtən ˈnæʃənəl ˈsɛmɪˌtɛri. ˈbɛrid ɪn ən əˈʤeɪsənt ˈgreɪvˌsaɪt ər hɪz sən, ʤɑn dɛˈwɪt, jr*. hu rɪˈtaɪrd ɛz ə luˈtɛnənt ˈkərnəl ɪn ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts ˈɑrmi; ənd ʤɑnz waɪf, ˈæni su dɛˈwɪt ˈnidɪd] əˈwɔrdz ˈɛdət 19 si ˈɔlsoʊ ˈɛdət
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john lesesne dewitt (january 9, 1880 june 20, 1962) was a general in the united states army, best known for his vocal support of the internment of japanese-americans during world war ii.
general dewitt believed that japanese and japanese americans in california, oregon, and washington were conspiring to sabotage the american war effort, and recommended they be removed from coastal areas. president franklin d. roosevelt agreed with dewitt's recommendation and issued executive order 9066, ordering the internment. dewitt used the authority granted to him to issue military proclamations to place most of the west coast off limits to japanese americans, incarcerating 110,000 japanese men, women and children, most of whom were american citizens. although the removal of the japanese americans was technically called an evacuation, it turned out to be internment in detention camps.
military career [ edit ]
dewitt was born at fort sidney, nebraska, on january 9, 1880. he was of dutch descent.[1] on october 10, 1898, he was appointed as a second lieutenant with the u.s. army infantry. he would ultimately serve nearly fifty years, from 1898 to 1947, in the army.
his early assignments included service during the philippine insurrection and in mexican punitive expedition.
world war i [ edit ]
in 1918, dewitt shipped out with the 42nd division to the battlefields of france as a quartermaster in the division headquarters. other noteworthy members of the division included douglas macarthur and william j. donovan. in july 1918, dewitt was promoted to full colonel, and continued quartermaster duties for the first army. he received the distinguished service medal at the end of world war i.
interwar years [ edit ]
between 1919 and 1930, dewitt served in various quartermaster positions, including assistant commandant of the general staff college, chief of the storage and issue branch, and the supply division. in 1930, he was promoted to major general and assigned as quartermaster general of the u.s. army. dewitt also assumed control of the gold star mothers' pilgrimage. general dewitt was responsible for all logistics involving this congressionally approved event.
after returning to the infantry, dewitt assumed control of the philippine division. in july 1937, he became commandant of the army war college. two years later, in december 1939, he was promoted to the rank of lieutenant general, and then assumed command of the fourth army as well as the western defense command of the united states army, with responsibilities for the protection of the west coast area of the united states from invasion by the japanese.
world war ii [ edit ]
at age 62, dewitt would produce the "final report: japanese evacuation from the west coast, 1942", which argued for the removal and internment of american-born citizens of ancestry tie to a past or present immigrant of japan.[2]
at the end of the internment of more than 100,000 japanese-american citizens, not a single case of espionage was uncovered.[citation needed]
from december 5, 1939, to june 15, 1943, dewitt was assigned command of the ix corps area and its 1942 successor, the western defense command, both headquartered at the presidio of san francisco.
dewitt was in san francisco on the evening of december 8, 1941, one day after the japanese attack on pearl harbor, when air raid sirens were sounded. an estimated 35 japanese warplanes were supposedly sighted above san francisco bay on a reconnaissance mission. dewitt was furious at the lack of blackout precautions during the air raids. he blasted city leaders at a civil defense council meeting the next day, saying, "death and destruction are likely to come to this city at any moment. ... the people of san francisco do not seem to appreciate that we are at war in every sense. i have come here because we want action and we want action now. unless definite and stern action is taken to correct last night's deficiencies, a great deal of destruction will come. those planes were over our community. they were over our community for a definite period. they were enemy planes. i mean japanese planes. they were tracked out to sea."
at the civil defense council meeting, dewitt suggested that it might have been a good thing if the planes had dropped bombs to "awaken this city." he said, "if i can't knock these facts into your heads with words, i will have to turn you over to the police and let them knock them into you with clubs." dewitt acknowledged that some people had asked why he failed to give orders to fire on the planes. "i say it's none of their damn business," he responded. "san francisco woke up this morning without a single death from bombs. isn't that enough?"[3]
dewitt recommended for the 1942 rose bowl football game, normally played in pasadena, california, to be moved.[4] dewitt feared that the large crowd of spectators would be too tempting a target for japanese warplanes. for the first and only time in its history, the 1942 rose bowl game was moved to north carolina.
on december 19, 1941, general dewitt had recommended to the army's ghq "that action be initiated at the earliest practicable date to collect all alien subjects fourteen years of age and over, of enemy nations and remove them to the zone of the interior." he initially felt very differently about the necessity and practicality of locking up citizens as well, in a telephone conversation with major general allen w. gullion on december 26. regardless of this, following the roberts commission report of january 25, 1942 accusing persons of japanese ancestry of widespread espionage in hawaii prior to pearl harbor, along with his perception of public opinion as anti-japanese, he became a proponent of internment of japanese and initially german- and italian-descended persons. he felt that the lack of sabotage efforts only meant that it was being readied for a large-scale effort. "the fact that nothing has happened so far is more or less . . . ominous, in that i feel that in view of the fact that we have had no sporadic attempts at sabotage that there is a control being exercised and when we have it it will be on a mass basis."[5]
in february 1942, dewitt reported to franklin roosevelt that no sabotage by japanese americans had yet been confirmed, but he commented that it only proved "a disturbing and confirming indication that such action will be taken."[6] he recommended the evacuation of all japanese from the coastal areas of california, oregon, and washington state. using executive order 9066, dewitt then began implementing a plan for classifying, rounding up, and removal of "undesirables."
on march 2, 1942, dewitt issued "military proclamation no. 1," which designated the western parts of california, oregon and washington as "military area no. 1," further divided into "prohibited zone a-1" and "restricted zone b." in the first phase of the order, a provision was included directing that "any person of japanese ancestry, now resident in military area no. 1, who changes his place of habitual residence must file a 'change of residence notice' at his local post office not more than five days nor less than one day prior to moving."[7] days later, dewitt announced that the army had acquired 5,800 acres (23 km2) of land near manzanar, california, for construction of a "reception center" which he said was "to be used principally as a clearing house for the more permanent resettlement elsewhere for persons excluded from military areas."[8]
removal began on march 23, 1942, with the resettlement of citizens living in los angeles. on that date, general dewitt issued new orders applying to japanese-americans, setting an 8 p.m. to 6 a.m. curfew and banning ownership of firearms, radios, cameras, and other contraband. dewitt stated, "let me warn the affected aliens and japanese-americans that anything but strict compliance with this proclamation's provisions will bring immediate punishment."[9] northern california followed in april,[10] as dewitt declared, "we plan to increase the tempo of the evacuation as fast as possible." citizens in specific areas were required to report to their designated "civil control station," where they would then be taken to an assembly center for relocation.
all told, dewitt ordered the removal and internment of 110,000 men, women and children of japanese ancestry from their homes to internment camps. according to dewitt, "a jap is a jap,"[6][11] whether a us citizen or not.
a federal judge, james alger fee of portland, oregon, ruled in november, 1943 that american citizens could not be detained without a proclamation of martial law. dewitt's response was "all military orders and proclamations of this headquarters remain in full force and effect."[12]
after the relocation of japanese americans was complete, dewitt lifted curfew restrictions on italian-americans on october 19 and on german-americans on december 24. technically, the curfew was "inapplicable to the japanese since all members of this group were removed from the affected zones."[13] dewitt had a personal vendetta against one italian in particular, remo bosia, which is detailed in bosia's autobiography, the general and i.
dewitt was opposed to war relocation authority efforts to distinguish loyal from disloyal japanese americans/and to the creation of an all-japanese combat unit. he testified before congress, in 1943, that he would "use every proper means" at his disposal to stop the resettlement of japanese americans outside camp and their eventual return to the west coast after the war. his and colonel bendetsen's "final report" (circulated and then hastily redacted in 1943 and 1944) also laid out his position that their race made it impossible to determine their loyalty, thus necessitating internment. the original version was so offensive, even in the atmosphere of the wartime 1940s that bendetsen ordered all copies to be destroyed.[2][14]
dewitt's orders also regulated other areas of life on the west coast. a proclamation prohibited deer hunting and the playing of outdoor sports at night.[15] an alaska travel office was established to issue permits to anyone seeking to travel into or out of the territory of alaska.[16]
less known is dewitt's role in supervising the combat operations in the aleutian islands, some of which had been invaded by japanese forces. when houses of prostitution were closed across america, general dewitt allowed sally stanford to continue to operate a high-class brothel in san francisco.[17] at the end of his tenure as head of western defense command, he was appointed as the commandant of the army and navy staff college in washington.[18] he retired from the army in june 1947.
in 1980, aiko herzig-yoshinaga, interned at manzanar concentration camp as a teenager, found a copy of the original final report in the national archives, along with notes showing the numerous differences between the original and redacted versions.[2] the earlier, racist and inflammatory version as well as the fbi and office of naval intelligence (oni) reports led to the coram nobis retrials, which overturned the convictions of fred korematsu, gordon hirabayashi and minoru yasui, on all charges related to their refusal to submit to exclusion and internment. the courts found that the government had intentionally withheld the reports and other critical evidence, at trials all the way up to the supreme court, which would have proved that there was no military necessity for the exclusion and internment of japanese americans. in the words of department of justice officials writing during the war, the justifications were based on "willful historical inaccuracies and intentional falsehoods."
late career [ edit ]
in 1943 dewitt was reassigned as the commander of the army-navy staff college (predecessor of the national war college) at fort lesley j. mcnair in washington, d.c. he held this position until he retired from the army in 1946.
on july 19, 1954, dewitt became a full general by special act of congress for his services in world war ii.
dewitt died in washington, d.c., on june 20, 1962, of a heart attack. he is buried in section 2 of arlington national cemetery. buried in an adjacent gravesite are his son, john lessesne dewitt, jr. (1904-1982), who retired as a lieutenant colonel in the united states army; and john's wife, annie sue dewitt (1907–1996).[citation needed]
awards [ edit ]
[19]
see also [ edit ]
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×* blu bɛl tɪ leɪ ɔf ˌwənˈθərd əv ˈwərkˌfɔrs, ˈfərloʊ ˈəðər ɪmˈplɔɪiz brenham*, ˈtɛksəs blu bɛl aɪs krim əˈnaʊnst ðət ɪt wɪl leɪ ɔf mɔr ðən ə θərd əv ɪts ɪmˈplɔɪiz. ɔn ˈfraɪˌdeɪ, blu bɛl ˈsiˌiˈoʊ ənd ˈprɛzɪdənt pɔl kruz əˈnaʊnst ˈægənaɪzɪŋ decision”*” ðət ðə ˈkəmpəˌni wɪl hæv tɪ rɪˈdus ðə saɪz əv ɪts ˈwərkˌfɔrs, ˈɪmpləmənt ˈsæləri rɪˈdəkʃənz ənd ˈfərloʊz. ˈægənaɪzɪŋ dɪˈsɪʒən tɪ leɪ ɔf ˈhənərdz əv ɑr greɪt ˈwərkərz ənd rɪˈdus aʊərz ənd peɪ fər ˈəðərz wɑz ðə moʊst ˈdɪfəkəlt wən aɪ hæv hæd tɪ meɪk ɪn maɪ taɪm ɛz blu ˈsiˌiˈoʊ ənd president,”*,” sɛd kruz. blu bɛl, ɑr ɪmˈplɔɪiz ər pɑrt əv ɑr ˈfæməli, ənd wi dɪd ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ wi kʊd tɪ kip ˈpipəl ɔn ɑr ˈpeɪˌroʊl fər ɛz lɔŋ ɛz ˈpɑsəbəl. æt ðə seɪm taɪm, wi hæv ən ˌɑbləˈgeɪʃən tɪ du wət ɪz ˈnɛsəˌsɛri tɪ brɪŋ blu bɛl bæk ənd ɪnˈʃʊr ɪts vaɪəˈbɪləti ɪn ðə fˈjuʧər. ðɪs ɪz ə sæd deɪ fər ɔl əv ˈjuˈɛs æt blu bɛl, ənd fər mi personally.”*.” ˈkəmpəˌni ɪmˈplɔɪiz seɪ ðə ˈklinɪŋ ˈprɔˌsɛs əv blu bɛl plænts ɪz goʊɪŋ tɪ teɪk ˈlɔŋgər ðən ðə ˈkəmpəˌni ˌɪˈnɪʃəli ænˈtɪsəˌpeɪtɪd. æt ðɪs pɔɪnt, ɪt həz nɑt bɪn əˈnaʊnst wɪn blu bɛl wɪl bɪˈgɪn ˈsɛlɪŋ aɪs krim əˈgɛn. ɪmˈplɔɪiz hu ər ɛˈsɛnʃəl tɪ ˈɔnˌgoʊɪŋ ˌɑpərˈeɪʃənz wɪl kənˈtɪnju tɪ wərk bət hæv ðɛr peɪ rɪˈdust. əˈprɑksəmətli ɪmˈplɔɪiz wɪl bi pleɪst ɔn ə ˈpɑrʃəli peɪd ˈfərloʊ. ˈɔlsoʊ, əˈprɑksəmətli 750 ˈfʊlˌtaɪm ənd 700 ˈpɑrtˈtaɪm ɪmˈplɔɪiz, ər 37 pərˈsɛnt əv blu ˈwərkˌfɔrs, wɪl bi leɪd ɔf. blu bɛl ˌdɪˈsaɪdɪd tɪ səˈspɛnd ˌɑpərˈeɪʃənz ənd leɪ ɔf ɪmˈplɔɪiz æt ðə ˈfɑloʊɪŋ ˈsɛnərz: ˈfinɪks, ariz*. ˈtuˌsɑn, ariz*. ˈdɛnvər, ˈkoʊloʊ. ˌɪndiəˈnæpəlɪs, ind*. ˈkænzəs ˈsɪti, kæn. ˈwɪʧəˌtɔ, kæn. ˈluiˌvɪl, ky*. ˈælbəkərki, n.m*. ˈɛˈleɪˈɛs ˈveɪgəs, nev*. ˈrɔli, n.c*. ˈʃɑrlət, n.c*. kəˈləmbiə, s.c*. ˈrɪʧmənd, va*. si ə mɪˈsteɪk? rɪˈpɔrt ə ˈtaɪpoʊ hir.
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× blue bell to lay off one-third of workforce, furlough other employees
brenham, texas – blue bell ice cream announced that it will lay off more than a third of its employees.
on friday, blue bell creameries ceo and president paul kruse announced “the agonizing decision” that the company will have to reduce the size of its workforce, implement salary reductions and furloughs.
“the agonizing decision to lay off hundreds of our great workers and reduce hours and pay for others was the most difficult one i have had to make in my time as blue bell’s ceo and president,” said kruse. “at blue bell, our employees are part of our family, and we did everything we could to keep people on our payroll for as long as possible. at the same time, we have an obligation to do what is necessary to bring blue bell back and ensure its viability in the future. this is a sad day for all of us at blue bell, and for me personally.”
company employees say the cleaning process of blue bell plants is going to take longer than the company initially anticipated.
at this point, it has not been announced when blue bell will begin selling ice cream again.
employees who are essential to ongoing operations will continue to work but have their pay reduced.
approximately 1,400 employees will be placed on a partially paid furlough.
also, approximately 750 full-time and 700 part-time employees, or 37 percent of blue bell’s workforce, will be laid off.
blue bell decided to suspend operations and lay off employees at the following centers:
phoenix, ariz.
tucson, ariz.
denver, colo.
indianapolis, ind.
kansas city, kan.
wichita, kan.
louisville, ky.
albuquerque, n.m.
las vegas, nev.
raleigh, n.c.
charlotte, n.c.
columbia, s.c.
richmond, va.
see a mistake? report a typo here.
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ðə weɪ ðə məˈkeɪn kæmp həz riˈæktɪd tɪ maɪ ˌrɛvəˈleɪʃən əˈbaʊt hɪz nɑt ˈvoʊtɪŋ fər bʊʃ ɪn 2000 ˌɪˈmiˌdiətli ˈmuvɪŋ ˈɪntu moʊd, ɪz ˈfərðər ˌkɑnfərˈmeɪʃən əv wət həz ˈhæpənd tɪ məˈkeɪn naʊ ˈwɪlɪŋ tɪ seɪ ər du ˈɛniˌθɪŋ, ər slɪŋ məd æt ˈɛniˌwən, tɪ ˈsætɪsˌfaɪ hɪz ˈhəŋgər fər ðə waɪt haʊs. ənd əm ˈkjʊriəs, æt ɪgˈzæktli wət pɔɪnt dɪd mɑrk ˈsɔltər ˌdɪˈsaɪd aɪ wɑz "ə fleɪk, ənd ə ˈpoʊzər, ənd ən əˈtɛnʃən ˈsikɪŋ ˈdivə"? wɑz ɪt ˌbiˈfɔr ər ˈæftər aɪ ˈhoʊstɪd ə bʊk ˈpɑrti æt maɪ hoʊm fər ðə bʊk hi wɪθ məˈkeɪn, feɪθ əv maɪ ˈfɑðərz? wɑz ɪt ˌbiˈfɔr ər ˈæftər ɑr ˈmɛni ˌkɑnvərˈseɪʃənz əˈbaʊt məˈkeɪn ˈgɪvɪŋ ðə ˈkiˌnoʊt ˈæˌdrɛs æt ðə 2000 ˈʃæˌdoʊ kənˈvɛnʃən aɪ ˈɔrgəˌnaɪzd ɪn ˌfɪləˈdɛlfiə tɪ ˈəndərˌlaɪn ðə ˈfeɪljər əv boʊθ pəˈlɪtɪkəl ˈpɑrtiz tɪ ˈæˌdrɛs ˈmeɪʤər ˈɪʃuz, laɪk kæmˈpeɪn ˈfaɪˌnæns rɪˈfɔrm? wɑz ɪt ˌbiˈfɔr əv ˈæftər hi toʊld mi ˈdʊrɪŋ wən əv ðiz ˌkɑnvərˈseɪʃənz ðət ʤɔrʤ bʊʃ hæd ˈpərsənəli æst məˈkeɪn tɪ pʊl aʊt əv ðə ˈʃæˌdoʊ kənˈvɛnʃən, bət ðət məˈkeɪn hæd ˌdɪˈsaɪdɪd tɪ du ɪt ˈɛniˌweɪ? wɑz ɪt ˌbiˈfɔr ər ˈæftər hi θæŋkt mi fər əkˈsɛptɪŋ məˈkeɪnz ˌɪnvɪˈteɪʃən tɪ ʤɔɪn ðə bɔrd əv ðə rɪˈfɔrm ˈɪnstɪˌtut məˈkeɪn ˈfaʊndɪd ɪn 2001 (ənd frəm wɪʧ hi rɪˈzaɪnd ɪn 2005 ˈæftər ɪt wɑz rɪˈvild ðət hi hæd səˈlɪsɪtɪd ɪn ˌkɑntrəˈbjuʃənz frəm ˈkeɪbəlˌvɪʒən fər ðə ˈɪnstɪˌtut ənd roʊt ə ˈlɛtər tɪ ðə səˈpɔrtɪŋ ˈkeɪbəlˌvɪʒənz ˈɪntərɪsts)? ɛz ju kən si frəm ðə ˈmɛni, ˈmɛni ˈnuzˌpeɪpər ˈkɑləmz aɪ roʊt ˈsɪŋɪŋ hɪz ˈpreɪzɪz, ʤɑn məˈkeɪn wɑz wən əv maɪ pəˈlɪtɪkəl ˈhɪroʊz. hɪrz wən ˈkɑləm wɛr aɪ kəmˈpɛrd ɪm tɪ ə ˈmɑdərn deɪ ˈglædiˌeɪtər, ˌɪnˈspaɪərd baɪ hɪz vaʊ "tɪ hæv bləd ɔl ˈoʊvər ðə flɔr əv ðə ˈsɛnɪt ənˈtɪl wi ækˈsid tɪ ðə dɪˈmændz əv ðə ˈpipəl" fər ˈminɪŋfəl rɪˈfɔrm. ɪn ðə ˈkɑləm, aɪ ˈkrɛdɪt ˈsɔltər ɛz məˈkeɪnz "ˈfɛloʊ ˈglædiˌeɪtər," ənd ˌɪnˈklud ə kwoʊt hi geɪv mi... ˌbiˈfɔr aɪ aʊt ɔn ɪm ənd ˈstɑrtɪd ˈpoʊzɪŋ ənd ˈsikɪŋ əˈtɛnʃən. bət daɪz hɑrd, wɪʧ ɪz waɪ ɪt tʊk soʊ lɔŋ fər mi tɪ si ðət ðə mæn hu hæd bɪn ˈwɪlɪŋ tɪ teɪk ɔn hɪz oʊn ˈpɑrti ənd ridɪˈfaɪn wət ɪt mɛnt tɪ bi ə "lɔɪəl rɪˈpəblɪkən," hu stʊd əp fər hɪz bɪˈlifs ɪn kæmˈpeɪn ˈfaɪˌnæns rɪˈfɔrm ənd hɪz ˌɑpəˈzɪʃən tɪ ənˈkɑnʃənəbəl tæks kəts ənd ˈivɪn mɔr ənˈkɑnʃənəbəl ˈtɔrʧər, wɑz noʊ mɔr. ɪts waɪ aɪ dɪˈskraɪbd hɪz fɔl ɛz ˌʃeɪkˈspɪriən (ənd, ˈspikɪŋ əv ðə bɑrd, ˈhirɪŋ ðə ˌɪnˈvɛktɪv spjuɪŋ frəm ðə məˈkeɪn kæmp ɪn rɪˈspɑns tɪ maɪ poʊst, "ðaʊ dɔθ ˈproʊˌtɛst tu məʧ, methinks*" lips tɪ maɪnd). ðɪs ˈɪzənt mɪt ˈrɑmni wɪr ˈtɔkɪŋ əˈbaʊt, foʊks ə mæn fər hum ˈpændərɪŋ ənd flɪp ˈflɑpɪŋ fɪt laɪk ə ˈpərfəktli ˈteɪlərd sut. ðɪs ɪz ʤɑn məˈkeɪn, ə mæn huz ˈpərsɪnəl ˈhɪstəri, ɪn ðə wərdz əv ˈnuzˌwik ɪn 2000 "meɪks ðə ˈəðər ˌprɛzɪˈdɛnʃəl ˈkænədɪts lʊk laɪk ˈpɪgmiz" ənd hu, æt wən taɪm, ˌbiˈfɔr hi hɛld ə faɪər seɪl ɔn hɪz ˈprɪnsəpəlz (ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ məst goʊ!), wɑz ɪˈnoʊbəld baɪ ðət ˈhɪstəri ənd hæd ðə ʧæns tɪ bɪˈkəm ðət ˈrɛrəst əv θɪŋz ə ril ˈlidər. ˈflæʃˌbæk: sˈleɪtər ˌɪnˈsəlts ˈstudənt ˈproʊˌtɛstər; ˈproʊˌtɛstər rɪˈspɑndz rɪˈmɛmbər ʤin roʊ, ðə ˈstudənt kəˈmɛnsmənt ˈspikər æt ðə nu skul hu, ɪn 2006 dɪˈskɑrdɪd hər ərˈɪʤənəli priˈpɛrd rɪˈmɑrks ənd ˌɪnˈstɛd dɪˈlɪvərd ə spiʧ ðət kˈwɛsʧənd ðə ˌjunəˈvərsətiz dɪˈsɪʒən tɪ ɪkˈstɛnd ən ˌɪnvɪˈteɪʃən tɪ məˈkeɪn tɪ dɪˈlɪvər ðət jɪrz kəˈmɛnsmənt ˈæˌdrɛs wɪθ məˈkeɪn ˈsɪtɪŋ raɪt bɪˈhaɪnd hər? ʃi əˈbaʊt hər dɪˈsɪʒən ɔn huffpost*, ˈprɑmptɪŋ ən ˈæŋgri riˈækʃən frəm mɑrk ˈsɔltər, ˈpoʊstɪd ɪn ðə ˈkɑmɛnt ˈsɛkʃən əv hər poʊst. hir ɪz ˈsɔltərz ˈkɑmɛnt, ənd hir ɪz rɪˈspɑns.
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the way the mccain camp has reacted to my revelation about his not voting for bush in 2000, immediately moving into kill-the-messenger mode, is further confirmation of what has happened to mccain -- now willing to say or do anything, or sling mud at anyone, to satisfy his hunger for the white house.
and i'm curious, at exactly what point did mark salter decide i was "a flake, and a poser, and an attention seeking diva"? was it before or after i hosted a book party at my home for the book he co-wrote with mccain, faith of my fathers?
was it before or after our many conversations about mccain giving the keynote address at the 2000 gop shadow convention i organized in philadelphia to underline the failure of both political parties to address major issues, like campaign finance reform?
was it before of after he told me during one of these conversations that george bush had personally asked mccain to pull out of keynoting the shadow convention, but that mccain had decided to do it anyway?
was it before or after he thanked me for accepting mccain's invitation to join the board of the reform institute mccain founded in 2001 (and from which he resigned in 2005, after it was revealed that he had solicited $200,000 in contributions from cablevision for the institute -- and wrote a letter to the fcc supporting cablevision's interests)?
as you can see from the many, many newspaper columns i wrote singing his praises, john mccain was one of my political heroes.
here's one column where i compared him to a modern day gladiator, inspired by his vow "to have blood all over the floor of the senate until we accede to the demands of the people" for meaningful reform. in the column, i credit salter as mccain's "fellow gladiator," and include a quote he gave me... before i flaked out on him and started posing and seeking attention.
but hero-worship dies hard, which is why it took so long for me to see that the man who had been willing to take on his own party and redefine what it meant to be a "loyal republican," who stood up for his beliefs in campaign finance reform and his opposition to unconscionable tax cuts and even more unconscionable torture, was no more.
it's why i described his fall as shakespearean (and, speaking of the bard, hearing the invective spewing from the mccain camp in response to my post, "thou doth protest too much, methinks" leaps to mind).
this isn't mitt romney we're talking about, folks -- a man for whom pandering and flip flopping fit like a perfectly tailored suit. this is john mccain, a man whose personal history, in the words of newsweek in 2000, "makes the other presidential candidates look like pygmies" -- and who, at one time, before he held a fire sale on his principles (everything must go!), was ennobled by that history and had the chance to become that rarest of things -- a real leader.
flashback:
slater insults student protester; protester responds
remember jean rohe, the student commencement speaker at the new school who, in 2006, discarded her originally prepared remarks and instead delivered a speech that questioned the university's decision to extend an invitation to mccain to deliver that year's commencement address -- with mccain sitting right behind her? she blogged about her decision on huffpost, prompting an angry reaction from mark salter, posted in the comment section of her post. here is salter's comment, and here is rohe's response.
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klɪk tɪ iˈmeɪl ðɪs tɪ ə frɛnd (ˈoʊpənz ɪn nu ˈwɪndoʊ) klɪk tɪ ʃɛr ɔn tˈwɪtər (ˈoʊpənz ɪn nu ˈwɪndoʊ) klɪk tɪ ʃɛr ɔn ˈfeɪsˌbʊk (ˈoʊpənz ɪn nu ˈwɪndoʊ) nɪks pɔɪnt gɑrd ˈreɪmənd ˈfɛltən ɪz biɪŋ dɪˈvɔrst baɪ hɪz waɪf, ˌɛriˈæn raymondo-felton*, ˈæftər lɛs ðən 19 mənθs əv ˈmɛrɪʤ, ɛz ˈrumərz flaɪ ðət ðə nɪks ər ˈɔlsoʊ ˈplænɪŋ tɪ treɪd ɪm. ˈbjutəfəl lɔ ˈstudənt ˌɛriˈæn, hu ˈmɛrid ˈfɛltən ɪn 2012 faɪld fər dɪˈvɔrs ˈtuzˌdeɪ ɪn mænˈhætən, peɪʤ sɪks kən ɪkˈsklusɪvli rɪˈvil. ə ˈsɛkənd sɔrs kənˈfərmd ˈfɛltən həz ˈpərsənəli bɪn sərvd wɪθ dɪˈvɔrs ˈpeɪpərz, ˌɔlˈðoʊ ðə graʊnz fər dɪˈvɔrs wər nɑt klɪr ˈtuzˌdeɪ naɪt. bruˈnɛt ˌɛriˈæn, ə kɔrˈnɛl ˈgræʤəˌweɪt ənd æt ˈkɔrpərət lɔ fərm ˈwɪlki fɑr ˈgæləgər, ɪz naʊ ə ˈstudənt æt ˈfɔrdəm ˌjunəˈvərsəti skul əv lɔ. ʃi rɪˈpɔrtədli ˈdeɪtɪd ˈfɛltən fər ə ˈnəmbər əv jɪrz ˌbiˈfɔr ðə ˈkəpəl taɪd ðə nɑt ɔn ˌʤuˈlaɪ 28 2012 ɪn weɪk ˈfɔrɪst, nc*. hi rɪˈpɔrtədli sɛd ɔn ðɛr ˈwɛdɪŋ ˈvɪdioʊ, ɛz ˈɛvər, frəm ðə fərst deɪ aɪ mɛt hər. goʊɪŋ tɪ teɪk kɛr əv hər. ju hæv maɪ wərd. aɪ ˈprɑməs ju. noʊ ˈmætər wət ɪt ɪz, ˈɔlˌweɪz ðɛr fər ju. aɪ ləv you.”*.” ðə ˈɛnˌbiˈeɪ stɑr ənd ˌɛriˈæn ʃɛrd ən əˈpɑrtmənt ɔn ðə ˈəpər ist saɪd ənd hæv noʊ children*. bət ˈfɛltən hæd ˈfɑðərd ə sən wɪθ əˈnəðər ˈwʊmən ˌbiˈfɔr hi ənd ˌɛriˈæn wər ˈmɛrid. saʊθ ˈfɛltən saɪnd ə θˈriˌjɪr, 10 ˈmɪljən ˈkɑnˌtrækt wɪθ ðə nɪks ɪn 2012 hi ˈpriviəsli pleɪd fər ðə ˈpɔrtlənd ˈtreɪlˌbleɪzərz ənd ðə ˈdɛnvər ˈnəgəts. bət hi həz hæd ə ˈhɔrəbəl ˈsizən wɪθ ðə nɪks ənd ɪz ˈkərəntli ðə ˈfoʊkɪs əv treɪd tɔks əˈhɛd əv ðə ˈɛnˌbiˈeɪ ˈdɛˌdlaɪn ɔn ˈθərzˌdeɪ. ðə nɪks ər sɛd tɪ bi kənˈsɪdərɪŋ æˈtlæntə hɔks pɔɪnt gɑrd ʤɛf tig ɪn ə treɪd fər ɪm. ˈfɛltən, hu wɑz wɪθ ðə tim ɪn ˈmɛmpfɪs ˈtuzˌdeɪ naɪt, ˈrisəntli sɛd hi kɛr əˈbaʊt ðə ˈkrɪtɪks: ˈjumən. goʊɪŋ tɪ hæv mɪˈsteɪks aɪ kɛr lɛs wət ˈpipəl seɪ. ə ˈpərsən. ðeɪ kən seɪ wət ðeɪ wɔnt, bət ðeɪ ˈdɪkˌteɪt maɪ life.”*.” ə rɛpriˈzɛtətɪv fər ðə nɪks dɪˈklaɪnd tɪ ˈkɑmɛnt.
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knicks point guard raymond felton is being divorced by his wife, ariane raymondo-felton, after less than 19 months of marriage, as rumors fly that the knicks are also planning to trade him.
beautiful 26-year-old law student ariane, who married 29-year-old felton in 2012, filed for divorce tuesday in manhattan, page six can exclusively reveal. a second source confirmed felton has personally been served with divorce papers, although the grounds for divorce were not clear tuesday night.
brunette ariane, a cornell graduate and former paralegal at corporate law firm willkie farr & gallagher, is now a first-year student at fordham university school of law.
she reportedly dated felton for a number of years before the couple tied the knot on july 28, 2012, in wake forest, nc.
he reportedly said on their wedding video, “beautiful as ever, from the first day i met her. i’m going to take care of her. you have my word. i promise you. no matter what it is, i’m always there for you. i love you.”
the nba star and ariane shared an apartment on the upper east side and have no children. but felton had fathered a son with another woman before he and ariane were married.
south carolina-born felton signed a three-year, $10 million contract with the knicks in 2012. he previously played for the portland trailblazers and the denver nuggets.
but he has had a horrible season with the knicks and is currently the focus of trade talks ahead of the nba deadline on thursday. the knicks are said to be considering atlanta hawks point guard jeff teague in a trade for him.
felton, who was with the team in memphis tuesday night, recently said he doesn’t care about the critics: “i’m human. i’m going to have mistakes . . . i couldn’t care less what people say. i’m a strong-minded person. they can say what they want, but they can’t dictate my life.”
a rep for the knicks declined to comment.
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wɪr ˈsɑri tɪ əˈnaʊns ðət ˈsərvɪsɪz ɔn ðə ˈkɑrdɪf ˈəndərˌgraʊnd hæv bɪn ˈhɔltɪd fər ðə taɪm biɪŋ. wid laɪk tɪ θæŋk ju fər jʊr ˈɪntəˌrɛst ɪn ðɪs ˈfænəsi ˌtrænspərˈteɪʃən ˈsɪstəm ðət sɔt tɪ brɪŋ ˈlæftər ənd ʤɔɪ tɪ ˈɛvriˌwɛr. wi hoʊp ðət ðə ˈkɑrdɪf ˈəndərˌgraʊnd meɪ si laɪt əv deɪ wəns əˈgɛn səm deɪ. ɪn ðə ˈminˌtaɪm, wɪl liv ju wɪθ ə poʊəm wi roʊt waɪlst stək ɪn ðə ɔn ðə laɪn ə waɪl bæk.... maɪnd ðə 'dɪf ɪf wi hæd ə treɪn ˈnɛtˌwərk ðət ˈtrævəld ˈəndərˌgraʊnd, ðət ˈrəmbəld ˈəndər ˈpeɪvmənts ənd meɪd ə ˈdɪstənt saʊnd, aɪ daʊt si mi məʧ, əˈpɑn ðə ˈsɪti strits ˈrəðər raɪd ðə treɪn bɪˈloʊ, maɪ fit əp ɔn ðə sits. ɪf wi hæd ðɪs ˈtrænspɔrt, dip wɪˈθɪn ðə graʊnd, ðət ˈtrəndəld frəm θru ˈdɑrknəs tɪ grangetown*, ˈtræfɪk ˈprɑbləmz wʊd ˈvænɪʃ ɪn ə flæʃ, ɪz ðət ˈroʊlɪŋ ˈθəndər? noʊ, ðə gɔn pæst. ɪf wi bɪlt ðɪs ˈsɪstəm kɔld ˈkɑrdɪf ˈəndərˌgraʊnd, ðət lɛt ju raɪd frəm ˈɛrˌpɔrt ənd pɑp əp wɪn ɪn taʊn, teɪk ðə blu laɪn əp tɪ roʊθ pɑrk leɪk. əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ səm foʊk ɪt meɪks ðɛr ˈhaʊsɪz ʃeɪk. ɪf wi kʊd kəmˈjut tɪ wərk, laɪk, ənd teɪk ɪt ɔn ðə ˈwiˌkɪnd wɪn ɔf aʊt fər ðə naɪt, ɔl steɪ ɔn tɪ hæv ðə ʧæt ənd ɪt wʊd gɪt tu ˈbɪzi: wi goʊz raʊnd ənd raʊnd ðə laɪn ənˈtɪl wi ɔl gɪts ˈdɪzi. aɪ drɛmt əˈbaʊt ə ˈnɛtˌwərk, righ*', bɪlt ɪn kleɪ, ðət lɛts ju raɪd frəm ˈilaɪ əˈlɔŋ reɪlz tɪ ðə beɪ, noʊ dɪˈleɪz frəm livz ər snoʊ ər ˈsəfərd daʊn ðiz hoʊlz, ðoʊ ðə ɪnˌvaɪrənˈmɛnəl ˈlɑbi wɔnt ˈzibrə ˈkrɔsɪŋz fər ðə moʊlz. ɪf ɑr ˈfəndɪŋ ˌæpləˈkeɪʃən tɪ ðə kəmz tɪ nowt*, ənd ðə ˈmɪdəl ist ˌɪnˈvɛstərz ˌdɪˈsaɪd tɪ ɔl pʊl aʊt, faɪnd maɪ hæt ðət hi lɛt mi kip, ənd bɪld ɪt ɔn ðə slaɪ æt naɪt, wɪn ɔl əsˈlip.
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we're sorry to announce that services on the cardiff underground have been halted for the time being. we'd like to thank you for your interest in this fantasy transportation system that sought to bring laughter and joy to cardiffians everywhere. we hope that the cardiff underground may see light of day once again some day. in the meantime, we'll leave you with a poem we wrote whilst stuck in the daark on the cwtch line a while back....
mind the 'diff
if we had a train network that travelled underground,
that rumbled under pavements and made a distant sound,
i doubt you’d see me much, upon the city streets -
i’d rather ride the train below, my feet up on the seats.
if we had this transport, deep within the ground,
that trundled from tremorfa through darkness to grangetown,
cardiff’s traffic problems would vanish in a flash,
is that rolling thunder? no, the ‘diffstrict train’s gone past.
if we built this system called cardiff underground,
that let you ride from rhoose airport and pop up when in town,
we’d take the blue gabalfa line up to roath park lake.
according to some maindy folk it makes their houses shake.
if we could commute to work, subterraneous like,
and take it on the weekend when off out for the night,
we’d all stay on to have the chat and it would get too busy:
we goes round and round the cwtch line until we all gets dizzy.
i dreamt about a network, righ', built in cardiff’s clay,
that lets you ride from ely along rails to the bay,
no delays from leaves or snow are suffered down these holes,
though the environmental lobby want zebra crossings for the moles.
if our funding application to the senedd comes to nowt,
and the middle east investors decide to all pull out,
i’ll find my grandad’s miner’s hat that he let me keep,
and we’ll build it on the sly at night, when all asleep.
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you’ve* ɔˈrɛdi bɪn səˈbʤɛktɪŋ jʊr frɛndz tɪ ðə traɪəlz ənd ˌtrɪbjəˈleɪʃənz əv jʊr ædˈvɛnʧərz ɪn ˈɔnˌlaɪn ˈdeɪtɪŋ ˈviə jʊr grup tɛkst, ðɛn ðə nɛkst ˈlɑʤɪkəl kəˈnɛkʃən ɪz ˌɪnˈvaɪtɪŋ ðɛm aʊt tɪ ˈsəfər wɪθ ju. ər æt list wət ˈtɪndər wɔnts ju tɪ du: ɪn ə blɔg poʊst ˈpəblɪʃt ɔn ˈwɛnzˌdeɪ, ðə ˈkəmpəˌni əˈnaʊnst ðət ðeɪ hæd lɔnʧt ˈtɪndər ˈsoʊʃəl, ə ˈfiʧər ðət wʊd əˈlaʊ ju ənd ə grup əv frɛndz tɪ mæʧ wɪθ ˈəðər grups əv frɛndz. ɪf ju ɑpt ˈɪntu ðə ˈtɪndər ˈsoʊʃəl ˈfiʧər wɪʧ ɪz ˈkərəntli əˈveɪləbəl ɪn ðə juz., ðə u.k*., ˈkænədə, ɔˈstreɪljə, nu ˈzilənd, ənd ˈɪndiə ju kən ðɛn ˌɪnˈvaɪt frɛndz hu hæv ˈɔlsoʊ ˈɑptɪd ɪn tɪ ʤɔɪn ə grup. (hɛdz əp: ɪf ju ɑpt ɪn, jʊr ˈfeɪsˌbʊk frɛndz hu hæv ˈɔlsoʊ ˈɑptɪd ɪn kən si ðət ɔn ˈtɪndər.) ðɛn, ɛz ə grup, ju kən ɔl swaɪp ənd mæʧ wɪθ ˈəðər grups, hæŋ aʊt, bɪˈkəm frɛndz, ənd waɪl ðə æp ɪz nɑt ˈstrɪktli mɛnt fər grup dating—*— ˈmeɪbi ˈivɪn du sɛks, ðoʊ ˈprɑbəˌbli nɑt ɔl æt ðə seɪm taɪm. ˈʧɛlsi ɪz ˌənɪnˈvaɪtɪd ɪf ˈɛniˌθɪŋ, ˈmeɪbi ðə ˈprɑspɛkt əv ə grup əv tɛn ˈpipəl wɪl kət daʊn ɔn ənˈwɔrəntɪd dɪk pics*.
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you’ve already been subjecting your friends to the trials and tribulations of your adventures in online dating via your group text, then the next logical connection is inviting them out to suffer with you. or at least that’s what tinder wants you to do: in a blog post published on wednesday, the company announced that they had launched tinder social, a feature that would allow you and a group of friends to match with other groups of friends.
if you opt into the tinder social feature — which is currently available in the u.s., the u.k., canada, australia, new zealand, and india — you can then invite friends who have also opted in to join a group. (heads up: if you opt in, your facebook friends who have also opted in can see that you’re on tinder.) then, as a group, you can all swipe and match with other groups, hang out, become friends, and — while the app is not strictly meant for group dating— maybe even do sex, though probably not all at the same time.
chelsea is uninvited
if anything, maybe the prospect of dming a group of ten people will cut down on unwarranted dick pics.
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nuz 2 ˈvɛnʤəns kəp 2 ˈvɛnʤəns kəp ənd ˈkɔrsɛr ər ɪkˈstrimli haɪpt tɪ ˈprɛzənt ðə ˈvɛnʤəns 2 kəp fər boʊθ ˈsəmər 2012 ənd ˈwɪntər 2012 ðə 2 ˈtʊrnəmənt æt wɪl bi wən əv ðə ˈæbsəˌlut ˈhaɪˌlaɪts əv boʊθ ˈfɛstɪvəlz wɪθ ə lɑrʤ ˈtʊrnəmənt ˈstɑrtɪŋ ɪn ðə ˈɛriə kənˈtɪnjuɪŋ tɪ ðə ˈtʊrnəmənt ˈɛriə wɪθ ˈfaɪnəlz ɪn frənt əv ə juʤ lɪv ˈɔdiəns. ˈvɛnʤəns 2 kəp wɪl hæv 400 000 praɪz pərs ˈdʊrɪŋ 2012 ənd ˈfiʧər səm əv ðə ˈvɛri bɛst timz ɪn ðə wərld. ˈvɛnʤəns 2 kəp wɪl bi ɔn ˈɪntərˌnɛt fər fri ɪn ɔn ˈbeɪtə kiz tɪ ˈɛvriˌbɑdi ðə geɪmz æt ɪz wən əv ðə ˈæbsəˌlut moʊst ˈpɑpjələr ˈʒɑnrəz ənd æt ˈsəmər 2012 wi ər ˈvɛri ˈhæpi tɪ əˈnaʊns ðət vælv ɪz ˈmeɪkɪŋ ʃʊr ðət ɔl əˈtɛnˈdiz wɪl rɪˈsiv ə ˈbeɪtə ki tɪ 2 ðə kiz wɪl bi dɪˈstrɪbjətəd wɪˈθɪn ðə nɪr fˈjuʧər ˈviə ðə ˈbʊkɪŋ ˈsɪstəm ɪn ˈɔrdər tɪ meɪk ɔl pleɪərz ˈeɪbəl tɪ stɑrt pleɪɪŋ wɛl ɪn ədˈvæns əv ðə ˈfɛstɪvəl tɪ ˌɪnˈʃʊr ˈɛvriˌwən ˈrɪli brɪŋz ðɛr ə geɪm tɪ jönköping*, sˈwidən. ˈkɔrsɛr ˈvɛnʤəns ˈgeɪmɪŋ ˈkɔrsɛr wəns əˈgɛn səˈpɔrtɪŋ 2 æt. 2 ɪz wən əv ðə ˈæbsəˌlut ˈhɑtəst geɪmz raɪt naʊ. ðə ˈvɛnʤəns 2 kəp wɪl bi wən əv ðə ˈæbsəˌlut ˈhaɪˌlaɪts əv boʊθ ˈfɛstɪvəlz wɪθ ə lɑrʤ ˈtʊrnəmənt ˈstɑrtɪŋ ɪn ðə ˈɛriə kənˈtɪnjuɪŋ tɪ ðə ˈtʊrnəmənt ˈɛriə wɪθ ˈfaɪnəlz ɪn frənt əv ə juʤ lɪv ˈɔdiəns. vengeance®*® ˈgeɪmɪŋ maɪs, ˈkiˌbɔrdz ənd ˈhɛdˌsɛts ˈkɑmbaɪn suˈpɪriər rɪˈspɑnsɪvnəs, prɪˈsaɪs ˈækjərəsi, ənd rɪˈlaɪəbəl kənˈtroʊlz tɪ əˈlaʊ ju tɪ pərˈfɔrm æt jʊr haɪəst ˈlɛvəl. æt ju ər ˈeɪbəl tɪ traɪ ðə fʊl reɪnʤ əv vengeance®*® ˈgeɪmɪŋ gɪr. ˈkɔrsɛr ɪz ə ˈgloʊbəl ˈkəmpəˌni ˈbrɪŋɪŋ ˈɪnəˌveɪtɪv, kəmˈpoʊnənts tɪ ðə ˈpiˈsi ˈgeɪmɪŋ ˈmɑrkɪt. ˈspɛʃəˌlaɪzɪŋ ɪn ˈvɛri haɪ pərˈfɔrməns ˈmɛməri, paʊər səˈplaɪz, ənd ˈəðər ki ˈsɪstəm kəmˈpoʊnənts, ɑr ˈprɑdəkts ər ðə ʧɔɪs əv overclockers*, ɛnˈθuziˌæsts, ənd ˈgeɪmərz ˈɛvriˌwɛr. fri lɪv strim ““tobiwankenobi”*” ˈdɔsən noʊn frəm ˈwɪntər 2011 ənd ðə ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl wɪl bi ɔn loʊˈkeɪʃən boʊθ ɔn ˈsəmər 2012 ənd ˈwɪntər 2012 duɪŋ lɪv strim ənd ɔn loʊˈkeɪʃən fər ðə bɛst ˈmæʧɪz. ɔl geɪmz wɪl bi strimd lɪv ɪn fər fri ɔn ˈtʊrnəmənt ˈsɪstəm ənd kˈwɑləˌfaɪərz ðə meɪn ˈtʊrnəmənt wɪl ˈfiʧər 16 timz wɛr 8 wɪl bi ˈgrænɪd ə dɪˈrɛkt ˌɪnˈvaɪt tɪ ðə pleɪ ɔfs. 4 slɑts wɪl bi ˈgɪvɪn tɪ ðə ˈwɪnərz əv ˈɔnˌlaɪn kˌwɑləfəˈkeɪʃənz ənd ðə læst 4 wɪl kəm frəm ðə kˌwɑləfəˈkeɪʃən æt loʊˈkeɪʃən æt ˈsəmər 2012 sits ˈnidɪd.) ðə pleɪ ɔfs wɪl bi pleɪd ɔn ˈtʊrnəmənt kəmˈpjutərz. ðə fərst ˌɪnˈvaɪtɪd timz wɪl bi pərˈzɛnəd təˈgɛðər wɪθ ðə ˈoʊpənɪŋ əv ðə fər ðə fərst ˈɔnˌlaɪn kˈwɑləˌfaɪərz ðɪs ˈfraɪˌdeɪ 13 ˈeɪprəl. ˈfɑloʊ ˈkɔrsɛr: wɛb: tˈwɪtər: ˈfeɪsˌbʊk: ˈjuˌtub: ˈfɑloʊ 2 tˈwɪtər: wɛb: ˈfeɪsˌbʊk: ˈfɑloʊ: tˈwɪtər: ˈfeɪsˌbʊk: ˈjuˌtub: wɛb: quakenet*: ˈflɪkər:
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news > esport > dreamhack dota 2 vengeance cup
dreamhack dota 2 vengeance cup
dreamhack and corsair are extremely hyped to present the dreamhack vengeance dota 2 cup for both summer 2012 and winter 2012. the dota 2 tournament at dreamhack will be one of the absolute highlights of both festivals with a large tournament starting in the byoc area continuing to the tournament area with finals in front of a huge live audience.
dreamhack vengeance dota 2 cup will have sek 400 000 prize purse during 2012 and feature some of the very best teams in the world. dreamhack vengeance dota 2 cup will be livestreamed on internet for free in hd on twitch.tv
beta keys to everybody
the dota-style games at dreamhack is one of the absolute most popular genres and at dreamhack summer 2012 we are very happy to announce that valve is making sure that all byoc attendees will receive a beta key to dota 2. the keys will be distributed within the near future via the dreamhack booking system in order to make all players able to start playing well in advance of the festival to insure everyone really brings their a game to jönköping, sweden.
corsair vengeance gaming
corsair once again supporting dota 2 at dreamhack. dota 2 is one of the absolute hottest esports games right now. the dreamhack vengeance dota 2 cup will be one of the absolute highlights of both festivals with a large tournament starting in the byoc area continuing to the tournament area with finals in front of a huge live audience.
vengeance® gaming mice, keyboards and headsets combine superior responsiveness, precise accuracy, and reliable controls to allow you to perform at your highest level. at dreamhack you are able to try the full range of vengeance® gaming gear. corsair is a global company bringing innovative, high-performance components to the pc gaming market. specializing in very high performance memory, ultra-efficient power supplies, and other key system components, our products are the choice of overclockers, enthusiasts, and gamers everywhere.
free hd live stream
tobi “tobiwankenobi” dawson known from dreamhack winter 2011, joindota and the international will be on location both on dreamhack summer 2012 and dreamhack winter 2012 doing live stream and commentating on location for the best matches. all games will be streamed live in hd for free on twitch.tv
tournament system and qualifiers
the main tournament will feature 16 teams where 8 will be granted a direct invite to the play offs. 4 slots will be given to the winners of online qualifications and the last 4 will come from the byoc qualification at location at dreamhack summer 2012 (byoc seats needed.)
the play offs will be played on tournament computers.
the first invited teams will be presented together with the opening of the signups for the first online qualifiers this friday 13 april.
follow corsair:
web: www.corsair.com
twitter: @corsairmemory
facebook: www.facebook.com/corsair
youtube: www.youtube.com/user/corsairmemoryinc
follow dota 2:
twitter: @dota2
web: www.dota2.com
facebook: www.facebook.com
follow dreamhack:
twitter: @dreamhack
facebook: facebook.com/dreamhackfestival
youtube: www.youtube.com/dreamhackmedia
web: www.dreamhack.se
quakenet: #dreamhack
flickr: www.flickr.com/dreamhack
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wɪn ðə likt ə prəˈpoʊzəl ɔn ðɛr ˈwɛbˌsaɪt ɪn ɑkˈtoʊbər, ðɛr ˈɔfər tɪ ðə ˌɪnˈkludɪd ə klɔz dɪˈzaɪnd tɪ ˈpənɪʃ timz hu hæd ˈteɪkən ædˈvæntɪʤ əv ɪn ðə ˈpriviəs, ənd saɪnd pleɪərz tɪ dilz (laɪk) wɪθ ˈkɑnˌtrækts ðət sərvd tɪ peɪ ðiz pleɪərz ə ˈsæləri wɛl əˈbəv ðɛr, ənd ɪn duɪŋ soʊ ˌsərkəmˈvɛnt ðə ˈsæləri kæp. ðɪs ˈpjunətɪv klɔz wɑz ˌɪˈnɪʃəli dəbd ðə klause*" bɪˈkəz tˈwɪtər həz ˈæmpəl əˌpriʃiˈeɪʃən fər əˈlɪtərˌeɪʃən, ənd ɪt ˈstɪpjəˌleɪtɪd ðət: ʃʊd ə pleɪər wɪθ ə ˈkɑnˌtrækt ˌriˈtaɪər ˈərli, ðət wʊd rɪˈvərt bæk tɪ ðə tim ðət saɪnd ðət pleɪər ərˈɪʤənəli, ˈivɪn ɪf ðət pleɪər hæd lɔŋ sɪns bɪn ˈtreɪdɪd. wi θɔt ðət ðə prəˈvɪʒən ɪf əˈdɑptəd ɪn ðə ˈfaɪnəl kʊd kənˈsivəbli bust baɪ ˈmɪtəˌgeɪtɪŋ ðə ˈlɔŋˈtərm rɪsk əv əkˈwaɪərɪŋ ˈkɑnˌtrækt tɪ ˈɛni pəˈtɛnʃəl ˈpɑrtnərz. wi əˈgɛn ˈmɛnʃənd ðɪs ˈpɑsəbəl klɔz ɛz ə bɪt əv ənˈsərtənti wɪn ˈlʊkɪŋ æt treɪd ˌpɑsəˈbɪlətiz ɔn ˈmənˌdeɪ ˈmɔrnɪŋ. ɔn ˈmənˌdeɪ ˈivnɪŋ ˌhaʊˈɛvər wi ˈlərnɪd frəm piɛr ˈlɛbrən ənd ˈfridmən, ðət ðə ˈkeɪnəks wɪl kæʧ ə təf breɪk ɔn ðɪs wən. ðə klɔz ɪn ðə prəˈpoʊzd həz bɪn riˈvæmpt, ənd ɪz naʊ riˈneɪmd "ðə luˈoʊŋgoʊ rul" ɪn teɪk. ˈrəðər ðən ˈsɪmpli ˈpənɪʃɪŋ ðə tim ðət saɪnd ðə ərˈɪʤənəl ˈsæləri kæp ˌsərkəmˈvɛntɪŋ dil ʃʊd ðət pleɪər ˌriˈtaɪər ˌbiˈfɔr ðə ˌɛkˈspaɪri əv ðɛr ˈkɑnˌtrækt, ðə klɔz wɪl naʊ hæv ə ˌɪmˈpækt ɔn ðə ˈsæləri kæp əv boʊθ ðə tim ðət ərˈɪʤənəli saɪnd ðə dil (ðə ˈkeɪnəks, ɪn keɪs) ənd wɪˈʧɛvər tim əkˈwaɪərz ðət ˈkɑnˌtrækt θru treɪd ʃʊd ðə pleɪər ˌriˈtaɪər. ðə riˈvæmpt klɔz ɪz sɪgˈnɪfɪkəntli lɛs ˈpjunətɪv fər ðə ˈkeɪnəks ˈoʊvər ðə ˈlɔŋˈtərm ðən ðə wən prəˈpoʊzd ɪn ɑkˈtoʊbər wʊd hæv bɪn. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, baɪ ˈpənɪʃɪŋ ðə tim ðət əkˈwaɪərz ðə ˈlɔŋˌtərm ˈkɑnˌtrækt ɛz wɛl ɛz ðə tim ðət ərˈɪʤənəli saɪnd ðə pleɪər, ðɪs klɔz wɪl prɪˈzuməbli hæv ə ˈsəmˈwət ˌdɛləˈtɪriəs ˌɪmˈpækt ɔn treɪd ˈvælju. rɛd ɔn pæst ðə ʤəmp fər mɔr. mæθ ɔn ˈkɑnˌtrækt ɪn ˌpɑˈtɪkjələr: tɪ wɪt: seɪ ðə ˈkeɪnəks treɪd luˈoʊŋgoʊ sun. luˈoʊŋgoʊ həz pleɪd tu jɪrz əv hɪz ˈkɑnˌtrækt, ðə ˈkeɪnəks peɪɪŋ ɪm ˈmɪljən ɪn ˈsæləri bət ˈoʊnli əbˈzɔrbɪŋ ə ˈmɪljən kæp hɪt iʧ jɪr. ə kæp ˈseɪvɪŋz əv ˈmɪljən ˈoʊvər tu jɪrz soʊ fɑr fər vænˈkuvər. ˈəndər ðɪs nu rul, ʃʊd ðə ˈkeɪnəks treɪd ɪm naʊ ənd hi rɪˈtaɪrz wɪθ θri jɪrz lɛft ɔn hɪz ˈkɑnˌtrækt, vænˈkuvər wʊd bi ʧɑrʤd ðət ˈmɪljən ɪn kæp ˈseɪvɪŋz ˈoʊvər ðə ˈfaɪnəl θri jɪrz lɛft ɔn hɪz dil frəm 2019 tɪ 2022 ˌhaʊˈɛvər, seɪ fər seɪk luˈoʊŋgoʊ gɪts ˈtreɪdɪd tɪ tərˈɑntoʊ, ðə ˈmeɪpəl lifs ˈɔlsoʊ wʊd bi ˈsəbʤɪkt tɪ kæp ˈpɛnəltiz ɪf luˈoʊŋgoʊ rɪˈtaɪrz ˌbiˈfɔr ðə ɛnd əv hɪz dil. tɪ wɪt, pɑrt 2 ɪf luˈoʊŋgoʊ wər tɪ pleɪ ðə nɛkst ˈsɛvən jɪrz əv hɪz dil ɪn tərˈɑntoʊ ˌbiˈfɔr rɪˈtaɪrɪŋ, ðə lifs wʊd bi peɪɪŋ ɪm ˈmɪljən ɪn ˈsæləri bət ˈoʊnli ˈkaʊntɪŋ ˈmɪljən əˈgɛnst ðə kæp ˈoʊvər ðoʊz ˈsɛvən jɪrz, ə kæp ˈseɪvɪŋz əv ˈmɪljən. soʊ ɪf luˈoʊŋgoʊ rɪˈtaɪrz wɪθ θri jɪrz lɛft ɔn hɪz dil (bɪˈkəz hɪz ˈsæləri fɔlz tɪ ˈmɪljən ɪn ðə jɪr ənd ðɛn 1 ˈmɪljən ɪn ðə læst tu jɪrz əv ðə dil), ðə lifs wʊd gɪt ʧɑrʤd ðət ˈmɪljən ɔn ðɛr kæp sprɛd ˈivənli ˈoʊvər ðə rɪˈmeɪnɪŋ θri jɪrz əv hɪz dil. ðət ˈlɛbrən pɪkt θri jɪrz ˌbiˈfɔr ˈkɑnˌtrækt ɪkˈspaɪərz ɛz hɪz "rɪˈtaɪərmənt ɪgˈzæmpəl" ɪz spɑt ɔn. pər ˈkɑnˌtrækt wɪl peɪ ɪm ɪn iʧ əv ðə nɛkst faɪv ˈsizənz ˈfɑloʊɪŋ ðə ˈʃɔrtənd 2013 ˈsizən. ˈæftər ðət, ˈsæləri drɑps tɪ ə ʃeɪd ˈəndər ˈmɪljən fər ðə ˈsizən ˌbiˈfɔr ˈhəvərɪŋ ʤɪst əˈbəv ˈmɪljən fər ənd ˈdrɑpɪŋ tɪ wən ˈmɪljən flæt fər tu ˈsizənz frəm ɪn ðoʊz ˈfaɪnəl θri ˈsizənz wɪʧ, luˈoʊŋgoʊ wɪl hæv dɪˈmɪnɪʃt ˌɪnˈsɛnɪv tɪ pɑrˈtɪsəˌpeɪt ɪn; stɑr wɪl bi 41 42 ənd 43 jɪrz əv age…*… ˈoʊvərˌɔl ðɪs klɔz ɪz gʊd nuz fər ðə 2019 ˈkeɪnəks, ənd bæd nuz fər ðə 2013 ˈkeɪnəks. stɑrt wɪθ ðə gʊd nuz. fərst əv ɔl, ðɪs nu ˌfɔrmjəˈleɪʃən əv "ðə luˈoʊŋgoʊ rul" wɪl seɪv ðə ˈkeɪnəks ˈmɪljən əˈgɛnst ðə kæp ɪn iʧ əv ˈfaɪnəl θri ˈsizənz (ʃʊd hi ˌriˈtaɪər ˈərli) wɪn ʤəʤd əˈgɛnst ðə ˈpriviəs ˌɪtəˈreɪʃən əv ðə klɔz ɪn ðə likt ɑkˈtoʊbər prəˈpoʊzəl. ˈsɛkəndli, ðə ˈsæləri kæp wɪl kənˈtɪnju tɪ ˌɪnˈkris ˈəndər ðə laɪf əv ðə nu. baɪ 2019 ʤeɪmz ˈmərtəl kənˈsərvətɪvli ˈɛstəˌmeɪts ðət ðə ˈsæləri kæp wʊd bi æt ˈmɪljən ˈdɔlərz. ɪn ðət sɔrt əv kæp ˈklaɪmɪt, ju kən ˈɑbviəsli plæn əraʊnd ə ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnɪŋ əv ðə ˈsæləri kæp. ðə bæd nuz ɪz ðət "ðə luˈoʊŋgoʊ rul" dɪz lɛs tɪ ˈmɪtəˌgeɪt ðə ˈlɔŋˈtərm rɪsk fər ˈɛni baɪər ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪd ɪn əkˈwaɪərɪŋ ˈvæljəbəl ˈsərvɪsɪz ənd ðə ˈhɛfti ˈkɑnˌtrækt ðoʊz ˈsərvɪsɪz ər əˈtæʧt tɪ. ðət sɛd, ðə "kæp ˈbɛnəfɪt" hɪt tɪ ˈsæləri kæp wər luˈoʊŋgoʊ tɪ ˌriˈtaɪər ˈfɑloʊɪŋ ðə 2019 kæmˈpeɪn wʊd bi ˈmænɪʤəbəl. nɑt tɪ ˈmɛnʃən ðət ɪt simz laɪk ˈsplɪtɪŋ ɛrz tɪ ˈwəri əˈbaʊt ə ˈrɛlətɪvli smɔl ɔlˈbiɪt ˈpjunətɪv "cap-benefit*" hɪt ɪn sɪks jɪrz taɪm, wɪn ðət "rɪsk" ɪz kəmˈplitli dwɔrft baɪ ðə rɪsk ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnɪd baɪ ðə ˌækwəˈzɪʃən əv ə 34 jɪr oʊld hu wɪl ərn ˈnɪrli ˈsɛvən ˈmɪljən ɪn ˈsæləri pər ˈsizən ənˈtɪl hi tərnz 39 wən mɔr θɪŋ ˈbrifli ˈmɛnʃən əˈbaʊt "ðə luˈoʊŋgoʊ rul" ɪz ðət ðɪs klɔz shouldn’t*, ənd ˈprɑbəˌbli won’t*, ʧeɪnʤ gillis’*’ ˌkælkjəˈleɪʃənz rɪˈgɑrdɪŋ ə ˈtaɪmlaɪn fər ə luˈoʊŋgoʊ treɪd. əˈsumɪŋ ðət luˈoʊŋgoʊ wɪl ˌriˈtaɪər ɪn 2019 ˈivɪn ɪf ðə ˈkeɪnəks wər tɪ hoʊld ˈɔntu luˈoʊŋgoʊ fər ðə ɪnˈtaɪərti əv ðə 2013 ˈsizən (ˈðɛrˈbaɪ əˈkruɪŋ ən ˈɛkstrə ɪn "cap-benefit*" ɔf əv hɪz ˈkɑnˌtrækt) ˌbiˈfɔr ˈdilɪŋ ɪm, ðə ˈænjuəl hɪt ðə ˈkeɪnəks wʊd dil wɪθ frəm wʊd stɪl bi ə ˈmɪljən ɪn iʧ əv ðoʊz θri ˈsizənz. əv kɔrs rulz ər mɛnt tɪ bi ˈbroʊkən, ənd ðə ˈkeɪnəks ər noʊ ˈstreɪnʤərz tɪ ˈpənʧɪŋ ˈkreɪtərz ɪn ðə ˈvɛriəs ˈsɛkʃənz ənd ˈklɔzɪz əv ðə kəˈlɛktɪv ˈbɑrgɪnɪŋ əˈgrimənts. ˈfridmən ˈnoʊtɪd ə ˈkəpəl əv ˈsərkəmˌstænsɪz wɪʧ kʊd ˈkʊʃən ðə pəˈtɛnʃəl bloʊ əv "ðə luˈoʊŋgoʊ rul" ɪn hɪz teɪk ɔn ðə "kæp ˈbɛnəfɪt hɪt" ɔn ˈmənˌdeɪ naɪt: fərst əv ɔl, wɪθ ðə ˈklɔzɪz əˈtæʧt tɪ ðə lɛŋθ əv ðə nu, noʊ ˌgɛrənˈti ðə rulz wɪl bi ðə seɪm baɪ ðə taɪm ðə ˈpɛnəltiz ər ˈskɛʤʊld tɪ teɪk ˈifɛkt. ˈsɛkənd, ðɛr meɪ ʤɪst bi ə ˈluˌphoʊl. frəm wət aɪ ˌəndərˈstænd, ˈlɔŋˈtərm ˈɪnʤəri rɪˈzərv stɪl ɪgˈzɪsts. (fər ɪgˈzæmpəl, ɪt əˈlaʊz krɪs ˈprɔngər tɪ kəm ɔf ðə ˌfɪləˈdɛlfiə kæp waɪl hi rɪˈkəvərz frəm kənˈkəʃənz). gɑd fərˈbɪd luˈoʊŋgoʊ (ər ˈɛniˌwən ɛls) goʊz θru ðət. bət hi wɪl bi 40 ɪn ðə ˈsəmər əv 2019 hu noʊz wət ˈhæpənz tɪ ə ˈbɑdi baɪ ðɛn? ˈmeɪbi hæd ɪˈnəf ənd ɪz ˈbætəlɪŋ səm ˈnægɪŋ grɔɪn ər hɪp ər ni ˈprɑbləm. hi goʊz ɔn ltir*, stɪl gɪts peɪd ənd ˈniðər tərˈɑntoʊ nɔr vænˈkuvər gɪts ˈɛni kaɪnd əv ˈpɛnəlti. kˈwɑləti rɪˈpɔrtɪŋ ɔn ðɪs prəˈvɪʒən frəm tu əv ðə bɛst ɪn ðə ˈbɪznɪs ɪn piɛr ˈlɛbrən ənd ˈfridmən. goʊ rɛd boʊθ teɪks ɪn fʊl hir (espn*) ənd hir (ˈsiˌbiˈsi). ˈəpˌdeɪt: aɪ ˌmɪsəndərˈstʊd ðɪs ɪn maɪ ˌɪˈnɪʃəl ˈrɛdɪŋ əv ˈlɛbrən ənd ˈfridmən, bət ðə "cap-benefit*" hɪt wɪl bi ʧɑrʤd tɪ ðə kləb ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə gæp bɪtˈwin wɪʧ luˈoʊŋgoʊ rɪˈtaɪrz, ənd wɪn hɪz ˈkɑnˌtrækt ɪkˈspaɪərz. soʊ, ɪf luˈoʊŋgoʊ ɪz ˈtreɪdɪd ðɪs ˈsizən ənd rɪˈtaɪrz ɪn 2019 ðə ˈmɪljən wʊd bi ʧɑrʤd tɪ ðə ˈkeɪnəks ˈoʊvər θri ˈsizənz (noʊ bɪg dil). ɪf luˈoʊŋgoʊ rɪˈtaɪrd ɪn 2021 ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ðə ˈkeɪnəks wʊd bi stək wɪθ ðət ˈmɪljən fər ðət ˈsizən. aɪ hæv tɪ seɪ, aɪ θɪŋk ə ˈprɪti stɪf ˈpɛnəlti fər ˈsaɪnɪŋ ə ˈkɑnˌtrækt ðət wɑz wɪˈθɪn ðə rulz əv ðə cba…*… ˈəpˌdeɪt ii*: ˈhævɪŋ slɛpt ɔn ɪt, ənd əbˈzərvd səm əv ðə ˌkɑnvərˈseɪʃənz goʊɪŋ ɔn əˈbaʊt ðə "əˈdɔrəbəl" luˈoʊŋgoʊ rul ɔn tˈwɪtər aɪ θɪŋk wi nid tɪ kˈwɑləˌfaɪ ðɪs poʊst ˈsəmˈwət. ɛz ʤeɪmz ˈmərtəl pɔɪnts aʊt, ðə weɪ ðə rul əˈpɪrz tɪ wərk æt ðə ˈmoʊmənt beɪst ɔn ðə ˈditeɪlz ðət hæv likt soʊ fɑr, ʤɪst meɪk ə lɔt əv sɛns: goʊɪŋ tɪ weɪt fər mɔr ˈditeɪlz ˌbiˈfɔr ˈraɪtɪŋ ɔn ðə kæp ˈbɛnəfɪt riˈkæpʧər rul. ˈkərəntli aʊt ðɛr meɪk sɛns. ʤeɪmz ˈmərtəl (@ˈmərtəl) ˈʤænjuˌɛri 8 2013 simz tɪ mi ðət ˈsəmθɪŋ ɪz ə mɪs, ənd ðət ˈkɔʃən ɔn ðɪs ˈsəbʤɪkt ɪz ɪˈnəf tɪ bi ˌɪnˈkludɪd ɪn ðɪs poʊst fər naʊ. ˈæftər ɔl, ˈsəmˌtaɪmz "dɪˈskrɛʃən ɪz ðə ˈbɛtər pɑrt əv valour*."
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when the nhl leaked a cba proposal on their website in october, their offer to the nhlpa included a clause designed to punish teams who had taken advantage of loops-holes in the previous cba, and signed players to life-time deals (like luongo’s) with back-diving contracts that served to pay these players a salary well above their cap-hit, and in doing so circumvent the salary cap.
this punitive clause was initially dubbed the "kovy klause" because twitter has ample appreciation for alliteration, and it stipulated that: should a player with a back-diving contract retire early, that player’s cap-hit would revert back to the team that signed that player originally, even if that player had long since been traded. we thought that the provision – if adopted in the final cba – could conceivably boost luongo’s trade-value by mitigating the long-term risk of acquiring luongo’s contract to any potential luongo-trade partners. we again mentioned this possible clause as a bit of uncertainty when looking at trade possibilities on monday morning.
on monday evening however we learned from pierre lebrun and elliotte freidman, that the canucks will catch a tough break on this one.
the clause in the proposed nhl cba has been revamped, and is now renamed "the luongo rule" in lebrun’s espn take. rather than simply punishing the team that signed the original salary cap circumventing deal should that player retire before the expiry of their contract, the clause will now have a punitory impact on the salary cap of both the team that originally signed the deal (the canucks, in luongo’s case) and whichever team acquires that contract through trade should the player retire.
the revamped clause is significantly less punitive for the canucks over the long-term than the one proposed in october would have been. however, by punishing the team that acquires the longterm contract as well as the team that originally signed the player, this clause will presumably have a somewhat deleterious impact on luongo’s trade value.
read on past the jump for more.
here’s lebrun’s math on luongo’s contract in particular:
to wit: let’s say the canucks trade luongo soon. luongo has played two years of his 12-year contract, the canucks paying him $16.716 million in salary but only absorbing a $5.33 million cap hit each year. that’s a cap savings of $6.056 million over two years so far for vancouver. under this new rule, should the canucks trade him now and he retires with three years left on his contract, vancouver would be charged that $6.056 million in cap savings over the final three years left on his deal from 2019 to 2022. however, let’s say for argument’s sake luongo gets traded to toronto, the maple leafs also would be subject to cap penalties if luongo retires before the end of his deal. to wit, part 2: if luongo were to play the next seven years of his deal in toronto before retiring, the leafs would be paying him $43.666 million in salary but only counting $37.31 million against the cap over those seven years, a cap savings of $6.356 million. so if luongo retires with three years left on his deal (because his salary falls to $1.618 million in the 10th year and then $1 million in the last two years of the deal), the leafs would get charged that $6.356 million on their cap spread evenly over the remaining three years of his deal.
that lebrun picked three years before luongo’s contract expires as his "retirement example" is spot on. per capgeek luongo’s contract will pay him 6,714,000 in each of the next five seasons following the shortened 2013 season. after that, luongo’s salary drops to a shade under 3.5 million for the 2018-19 season before hovering just above 1.5 million for 2019-20, and dropping to one million flat for two seasons from 2020-2022. in those final three seasons which, luongo will have diminished incentive to participate in; vancouver’s star goaltender will be 41, 42 and 43 years of age…
overall this clause is good news for the 2019 canucks, and bad news for the 2013 canucks. let’s start with the good news.
first of all, this new formulation of "the luongo rule" will save the 2019-2022 canucks ~3.33 million against the cap in each of luongo’s final three seasons (should he retire early) when judged against the previous iteration of the clause in the nhl’s leaked october proposal. secondly, the salary cap will continue to increase under the life of the new nhl cba. by 2019, james mirtle conservatively estimates that the nhl salary cap would be at 78.6 million dollars. in that sort of cap climate, you can obviously plan around a dead-space cap-hit representing 2.5% of the salary cap.
the bad news is that "the luongo rule" does less to mitigate the long-term risk for any buyer interested in acquiring luongo’s valuable services and the hefty contract those services are attached to. that said, the "cap benefit" hit to toronto’s salary cap were luongo to retire following the 2019 campaign would be manageable. not to mention that it seems like splitting airs to worry about a relatively small albeit punitive "cap-benefit" hit in six years time, when that "risk" is completely dwarfed by the risk represented by the acquisition of a soon-to-be 34 year old goaltender who will earn nearly seven million in salary per season until he turns 39.
one more thing i’ll briefly mention about "the luongo rule" is that this clause shouldn’t, and probably won’t, change gillis’ calculations regarding a timeline for a luongo trade. assuming that luongo will retire in 2019, even if the canucks were to hold onto luongo for the entirety of the 2013 season (thereby accruing an extra $1,382,667 in "cap-benefit" off of his contract) before dealing him, the annual hit the canucks would deal with from 2019-2022 would still be a managable $2.479 million in each of those three seasons.
of course rules are meant to be broken, and the canucks are no strangers to punching craters in the various sections and clauses of the nhl’s collective bargaining agreements. elliotte friedman noted a couple of circumstances which could cushion the potential blow of "the luongo rule" in his take on the "cap benefit hit" on monday night:
first of all, with the opt-out clauses attached to the length of the new cba, there’s no guarantee the rules will be the same by the time the penalties are scheduled to take effect. second, there may just be a loophole. from what i understand, long-term injury reserve still exists. (for example, it allows chris pronger to come off the philadelphia cap while he recovers from concussions). god forbid luongo (or anyone else) goes through that. but he will be 40 in the summer of 2019. who knows what happens to a goalie’s body by then? maybe he’s had enough and is battling some nagging groin or hip or knee problem. he goes on ltir, still gets paid and neither toronto nor vancouver gets any kind of penalty.
quality reporting on this cba provision from two of the best in the business in pierre lebrun and elliotte friedman. go read both takes in full here (espn) and here (cbc).
update: i misunderstood this in my initial reading of lebrun and freidman, but the "cap-benefit" hit will be charged to the club during the gap between which luongo retires, and when his contract expires. so, if luongo is traded this season and retires in 2019, the 6.056 million would be charged to the canucks over three seasons (no big deal). if luongo retired in 2021, however, the canucks would be stuck with that 6.056 million cap-hit for that season.
i have to say, i think that’s a pretty stiff penalty for signing a contract that was within the rules of the 2005-2012 cba…
update: having slept on it, and observed some of the conversations going on about the "adorable" luongo rule on twitter – i think we need to qualify this post somewhat. as james mirtle points out, the way the rule appears to work at the moment based on the details that have leaked so far, just doesn’t make a lot of sense:
i’m going to wait for more details before writing on the cap benefit recapture rule. what’s currently out there doesn’t make sense. james mirtle (@mirtle) january 8, 2013
seems to me that something is a miss, and that mirtle’s caution on this subject is well-founded enough to be included in this post for now. after all, sometimes "discretion is the better part of valour."
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ʤæk ˈʃɔlər, ˈoʊnər əv pəmp, həz daɪd æt ðə eɪʤ əv 92 vju fʊl ˈkæpʃən ˈkɔrə ˈbrɪʤˌpɔrt ə ˈbrɪʤˌpɔrt ˈmeɪnˌsteɪ ənd ðə ˈoʊnər əv ðə ˈneɪbərˌhʊdz ənd wən əv ðə ˈsɪtiz ˈoʊldəst bɑr həz pæst əˈweɪ. ʤæk ˈʃɔlər, ˈoʊnər əv pəmp, 3714 ɛs. ˈhælstɪd st*., həz daɪd, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ʤɑn pi. ˈdeɪli, ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnətɪv ɔn ðə kʊk ˈkaʊnti bɔrd. ˈʃɔlər wɑz 92 hi tʊk ˈoʊvər hɪz ˈfæməliz bɪˈləvəd bɑr ənd ˈrɛˌstrɑnt ɪn 1966 ˈʃɔlər sərvd ɪn ðə ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri ˈdʊrɪŋ wərld wɔr ənd wərkt æt ðə bɑr ˈæftər hɪz ˈsərvɪs ˈɛndɪd. rɛd: ʤæk ˈʃɔlər, ˈlɛʤənˌdɛri ˈtævərn ˈoʊnər, hɪts 90 wɪθ ən ˈɑnər ənd ə smaɪl, wɪʧ bɪlz ˌɪtˈsɛlf ɛz ðə ˈoʊldəst ˈlɪkər ˈlaɪsənst ɪˈstæblɪʃmənt ɪn ðə ˈsɪti, wɑz ˈoʊpənd baɪ ʤæks ˈgrænˌfɑðər ɪn 1881 ðə ˈneɪbərˌhʊd ˈsɛləˌbreɪtɪd əˈkɑmplɪʃmənts ɪn 2014 wɪn hi ˈsɛləˌbreɪtɪd hɪz ˈbərθˌdeɪ. ˈdeɪli, ə kloʊz frɛnd əv, æt ðət taɪm ˈɔθərˌaɪzd ə ˌrɛzəˈluʃən ˌɪntrəˈdust tɪ ðə ˈkəntri bɔrd "ˈwɪʃɪŋ ɪm stɪl mɔr jɪrz əv gʊd hɛlθ ənd ˈrɪʧli dɪˈzərvd ˈhæpinəs." ˈʃɔlər daɪd ə ˈlɪtəl ˈoʊvər tu jɪrz ˈfɑloʊɪŋ ðət ˌrɛzəˈluʃən. "aɪ æm ˈdipli ˈsædənd tɪ lərn əv ðə ˈpæsɪŋ əv ˈlɔŋˌtaɪm ˈbrɪʤˌpɔrt ˈrɛzɪdənt ənd ˈlɛʤənˌdɛri ˈtævərn ˈoʊnər ʤæk ˈʃɔlər," ˈdeɪli sɛd ɪn ə ˈsteɪtmənt. "hi wɑz ə ˈdɛdəkeɪtəd ˈfæməli mæn, ə ˈlaɪˈflɔŋ waɪt sɑks fæn ənd ə ˈtrɛʒər tɪ hɪz bɪˈləvəd ˈneɪbərˌhʊd əv brideport*." ɪz əˈbaʊt ɛz trəˈdɪʃənəli ʃəˈkɑˌgoʊ ɛz ˈɛni ˈəðər ɪˈstæblɪʃmənt ɪn ðə ˈsɪti. ɪts ˈdeɪkɔr ˈmæʧɪz ðə ˈhɑrti bət ʧip milz. ˈʃɔlər wɑz ˈproʊˌfaɪld baɪ ɔn ðə kəsp əv hɪz ˈbərθˌdeɪ ˌsɛləˈbreɪʃən. æt ðət taɪm, hi hæd bɪn 25 jɪrz ˈsoʊbər ənd ˈhædənt smoʊkt ɪn 15 ənd kənˈsɪdərd hɪmˈsɛlf ɪn gʊd hɛlθ. hi sɛd ˈbrɪʤˌpɔrt wɑz ˈʧeɪnʤɪŋ "fər ðə ˈbɛtər," bət sɛd ðə staɪl əv wʊd ˈnɛvər ʧeɪnʤ. fər mɔr ˈneɪbərˌhʊd nuz, ˈlɪsən tɪ ˈreɪdiˌoʊ hir:
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jack schaller, owner of schaller's pump, has died at the age of 92. view full caption dnainfo/casey cora
bridgeport — a bridgeport mainstay and the owner of the neighborhood's — and one of the city's — oldest bar has passed away.
jack schaller, owner of schaller's pump, 3714 s. halsted st., has died, according to john p. daley, bridgeport's representative on the cook county board.
schaller was 92.
he took over his family's beloved bar and restaurant in 1966. schaller served in the military during world war ii and worked at the bar after his service ended.
read: jack schaller, legendary tavern owner, hits 90 with an honor and a smile
schaller's, which bills itself as the oldest liquor licensed establishment in the city, was opened by jack's grandfather in 1881.
the neighborhood celebrated schaller's accomplishments in 2014, when he celebrated his 90th birthday. daley, a close friend of schaller's, at that time authorized a resolution introduced to the country board "wishing him still more years of good health and richly deserved happiness."
schaller died a little over two years following that resolution.
"i am deeply saddened to learn of the passing of longtime bridgeport resident and legendary tavern owner jack schaller," daley said in a statement. "he was a dedicated family man, a lifelong white sox fan and a treasure to his beloved neighborhood of brideport."
schaller's is about as traditionally chicago as any other establishment in the city. its unfussy decor matches the hearty but cheap meals.
schaller was profiled by dnainfo on the cusp of his 90th birthday celebration. at that time, he had been 25 years sober and hadn't smoked in 15, and considered himself in good health.
he said bridgeport was changing "for the better," but said the no-frills style of schaller's would never change.
for more neighborhood news, listen to dnainfo radio here:
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maɪ frɛnd, ˈjusɛf əˈnərθt ðɪs rɪˈmɑrkəbli ˈprɛsiənt ˈlɛtər frəm 1919 əˈhɛd əv ðə pis ˈkɑnfərəns. ɪt wɑz ˈpəblɪʃt ɪn fʊl baɪ ðə taɪmz, ɪn ðə weɪk əv ɪts ˈhævɪŋ bɪn pərˈzɛnəd tɪ ˈprɛzɪdənt ˈwʊˌdroʊ ˈwɪlsən. ɪt wɑz brɔt tɪ ˈwɪlsən baɪ ˈʤuljəs kɑn, ə ʤuɪʃ ˈkɑŋgrəsmən frəm sæn frænˈsɪskoʊ. ðə əˈbʤɛkʃənz reɪzd tɪ ðə ˈzaɪənɪst ˈɛnərˌpraɪz ənd ðə dɪsəˈgrimənt wɪθ ðə ˈrisəntli pərˈzɛnəd ˈbælfɔr ˌdɛklərˈeɪʃən ər ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪŋ. ðeɪ ər, praɪˈmɛrəli, ˈrutɪd ɪn kənˈsərn fər ðə ˈwɛlˌfɛr əv ʤuɪʃ ˈpipəl əraʊnd ðə gloʊb, ˌɔlˈðoʊ du kənˌsɪdərˈeɪʃən ɪz ˈgɪvɪn tɪ ðə ˌpælɪˈstɪniən ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃən. ðə keɪs ðeɪ meɪd wɑz ə ˈprɪti ˈpaʊərfəl wən, ðoʊ ɪt dɪd nɑt sweɪ ˈwɪlsən ər ðə ˈəðər wərld ˈlidərz əv ðə deɪ, hu, ɛz ˈhɪstəri həz wɛl ˈnoʊtɪd, wər ˈtænəˌlaɪzd baɪ ðə aɪˈdiəz əv fʊlˈfɪlɪŋ ˈbɪblɪkəl ˈprɑfəsi wɪθ ðə ʤuɪʃ rɪˈtərn tɪ zaɪən, ˈhævɪŋ ə ˈpərmɑˌnɛnt ˌjʊrəˈpiən ˈprɛzəns ɪn wət wɑz kˈwɪkli bɪˈkəmɪŋ ðə moʊst ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt ˈriʤən əv ðə ““oriental”*” wərld, ənd ˈrɪdɪŋ ðɛr oʊn ˈkəntriz əv ʤuz. ɪt ɪz wərθ ˈspɛkjəˌleɪtɪŋ ɔn wət ðiz mɛn (rɪˈmɛmbər, ðɪs ɪz 1919 ənd dɪˈspaɪt oʊn ˈrəðər ˌfɔrˈmɪdəbəl waɪf hu wʊd teɪk ˈoʊvər hɪz sit ɪn ˈkɑŋgrəs ənd hoʊld ɪt fər 12 jɪrz, mɛn stɪl ˈdɑməˌneɪtəd ˈlidərˌʃɪp) maɪt hæv meɪd əv ðə ˈɛnsuɪŋ jɪrz. noʊ daʊt, ɛz ˈfæˌʃɪzəm roʊz ɪn ˈjʊrəp, ə lɔt əv ðɛm wʊd hæv θɔt kwaɪt ˈdɪfərˈɛntli. ɪn 1943 ənd fər ðə jɪrz ˈæftər ðə wɔr, ˈmɛni ʤuz hu hæd nɑt səˈpɔrtɪd ðə kriˈeɪʃən əv ə ʤuɪʃ steɪt ʧeɪnʤd ðɛr maɪndz, kwaɪt ˌəndərˈstændəbli. bət ˈɔlsoʊ nɑt ənˈriznəbəl tɪ θɪŋk ðət æt list ə fju əv ðiz gaɪz wʊd hæv sin ðə raɪz əv ˈfæʃɪst ɛz fʊlˈfɪlɪŋ ðɛr ˈɑrgjəmənt ðət ðoʊz ʤuz hu rɪˈmeɪnd ɪn ˈjʊrəp ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə ˈzaɪənɪst steɪt ˈbɪldɪŋ ˈɛnərˌpraɪz wʊd bi æt ˈgreɪtər ˈpɛrəl. ðət ɪz ə ˈmeɪʤər ˈɑrgjəmənt pʊt fɔrθ ɪn ðɪs ˈlɛtər. əˈnəðər ɪz ðət səʧ ən ˈɛntɪti ɪz ˌɪnˈhɛrəntli ˌəndɛməˈkrætɪk ənd ˈkænɑt bi ˈəðərˌwaɪz ənd ðət ə steɪt wʊd ðə mɔr ˈvaɪələnt ˈrulərz əv ðət ənd ˈəðər lændz ɛz ə nu ˌʤəstəfəˈkeɪʃən fər əˈdɪʃənəl riˈprɛsɪv legislation.”*.” ˌhaʊˈɛvər məʧ ðə authors’*’ vjuz maɪt hæv ʧeɪnʤd ɪn ðə weɪk əv ðə ˈhɔləˌkɔst, hɑrd nɑt tɪ si ðoʊz vjuz ˈkəmɪŋ fʊl ˈsərkəl ɪn laɪt əv bɪˈheɪvjər təˈdeɪ. ˈjusɛf, ˈɔlˌweɪz ə fɑnt əv greɪt məˈtɪriəl, hæd ˈərliər ʃɛrd wɪθ mi ə kwoʊt frəm ˈhænə ˈɛrɪnt: faʊnˈdeɪʃənz əv ˈzaɪəˌnɪzəm wər leɪd ˈdʊrɪŋ ə taɪm wɪn ˈnoʊˌbɑˌdi kʊd ˌɪˈmæʤən ˈɛni ˈəðər səˈluʃən əv məˈnɔrəti ər ˌnæʃəˈnælɪti ˈprɑbləmz ðən ðə ɔˈtɑnəməs ˈnæʃənəl steɪt wɪθ ə ˌhoʊməˈʤiniəs ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃən; ˈzaɪənɪsts ər əˈfreɪd ðə hoʊl ˈbɪldɪŋ maɪt kræk ɪf ðeɪ əˈbændən ðɛr oʊld aɪˈdiəz. ðə ˈkɑntrɛri ɪz tru: ðə ˈbɪldɪŋ wɪl kəˈlæps ɪf wi əˈdæpt ɑr maɪndz ənd ɑr aɪˈdiəz tɪ nu fækts ənd nu developments.”*.” aɪ θɪŋk ðə ˈɔθərz wʊd hæv faʊnd ˈkɑmən kɔz wɪθ ˈɛrɪnt ənd ɔl əv ðɛm wʊd bi dɪˈprɛst tɪ si haʊ raɪt ðeɪ wər ɪn ðɛr ˈwɔrnɪŋz. hir ɪz ðə ˈlɛtər, ɪn ˈfɔrˌmæt, ɛz ˈprɪnɪd ɪn ðə nu jɔrk taɪmz ˈɔlˌmoʊst 95 jɪrz əˈgoʊ. ə ˈproʊˌtɛst tɪ ˈprɛzɪdənt ˈwʊˌdroʊ ˈwɪlsən əˈgɛnst ə ˈzaɪənɪst steɪt ˈædvərˌtaɪzmənts
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my friend, yousef munayyer unearthed this remarkably prescient letter from 1919, ahead of the post-wwi peace conference. it was published in full by the times, in the wake of its having been presented to president woodrow wilson. it was brought to wilson by julius kahn, a jewish congressman from san francisco.
the objections raised to the zionist enterprise and the disagreement with the recently presented balfour declaration are interesting. they are, primarily, rooted in concern for the welfare of jewish people around the globe, although due consideration is given to the palestinian population. the case they made was a pretty powerful one, though it did not sway wilson or the other world leaders of the day, who, as history has well noted, were tantalized by the ideas of fulfilling biblical prophecy with the jewish return to zion, having a permanent european presence in what was quickly becoming the most important region of the “oriental” world, and ridding their own countries of jews.
it is worth speculating on what these men (remember, this is 1919, and despite kahn’s own rather formidable wife who would take over his seat in congress and hold it for 12 years, men still dominated leadership) might have made of the ensuing years. no doubt, as fascism rose in europe, a lot of them would have thought quite differently. in 1943, and for the years after the war, many jews who had not supported the creation of a jewish state changed their minds, quite understandably.
but also not unreasonable to think that at least a few of these guys would have seen the rise of fascist anti-semitism as fulfilling their argument that those jews who remained in europe during the zionist state building enterprise would be at greater peril. that is a major argument put forth in this letter. another is that such an entity is inherently undemocratic and cannot be otherwise and that a state would “…serve the more violent rulers of that and other lands as a new justification for additional repressive legislation.”
however much the authors’ views might have changed in the wake of the holocaust, hard not to see those views coming full circle in light of israel’s behavior today. yousef, always a font of great material, had earlier shared with me a quote from hannah arendt: “the foundations of zionism were laid during a time when nobody could imagine any other solution of minority or nationality problems than the autonomous national state with a homogeneous population; zionists are afraid the whole building might crack if they abandon their old ideas. the contrary is true: the building will collapse if we adapt our minds and our ideas to new facts and new developments.”
i think the authors would have found common cause with arendt and all of them would be depressed to see how right they were in their warnings. here is the letter, in pdf format, as printed in the new york times almost 95 years ago.
a protest to president woodrow wilson against a zionist state
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nɛkst 32 ˈtæmpə beɪ ˌbəkəˈnirz ðə bəks wər ðə wərst tim ɪn ˈfʊtˌbɔl ɪn 2014 ənd ɪf wik wən ɪz ˈɛniˌθɪŋ tɪ goʊ baɪ, ðeɪ dən məʧ ˌɪmˈpruvɪŋ. ˈwɪnstən meɪ jɛt bi ðə əv ðə ˈfrænˌʧaɪz, bət hi həz ə lɔŋ weɪ tɪ goʊ. hɪz fərst ˈɛˌnɛˈfɛl pæs əˈtɛmpt? ə pɪk sɪks. ˈpriviəs nɛkst 31 ˈoʊklənd ˈreɪdərz ðə ˈreɪdərz ˈrɑstər həz pəˈtɛnʃəl, noʊ kˈwɛʃən, bət ðeɪ hæd ə ˈvɛri pur ˈaʊtɪŋ æt ðə ˌkɑləˈsiəm ɔn ˈsənˌdi. ðə ˈbɛŋgəlz ræn aʊt ˈwɪnərz, bət ɪn truθ, ðət skɔr laɪn ə fɛr ˌrɛpjəˈteɪʃən əv haʊ ðə geɪm pænd aʊt. tɪ meɪk ˈmætərz wərs, ˈdɛrɪk kɑr ɪz aʊt. təf stɑrt fər ˈoʊklənd. ˈpriviəs nɛkst 30 ˈʤæksənˌvɪl ˈʤægˌwɑrz ðə loʊəst ˈskɔrərz ɪn ðə ˈɛˌnɛˈfɛl ɔn ˈsənˌdi, wɪθ ˈoʊnli 9 pɔɪnts ɔn ðə bɔrd. ˈsɪmpli pʊt, hɑrd tɪ wɪn ˈfʊtˌbɔl geɪmz wɪn ju ˈbreɪkɪŋ ˈdəbəl ˈfɪgjərz. ðə ʤægz ər ˌɪnɛkˈspɪriənst ɔn əˈfɛns raɪt naʊ ənd nid ə spɑrk, ˈdɛspərətli. ˈpriviəs nɛkst 29 ˈklivlənd braʊnz θri θɪŋz tɪ seɪ əˈbaʊt pərˈfɔrməns ðɪs ˈwiˌkɪnd: ʤɑʃ məˈkaʊn ʃʊd θɪŋk ˌbiˈfɔr hi ækts. ˈʤɑni ˈsɪmpli dɪz nɑt hæv ðə əˈbɪləˌti tɪ pleɪ tɪ ə kənˈsɪstəntli gʊd ˈlɛvəl fər fɔr kˈwɔrtərz. ðə ʤɛts hæv ə greɪt əˈfɛns, jɛt ðeɪ paɪld ɔn 31 pɔɪnts. əˈlɑrm bɛlz. ˈpriviəs nɛkst 28 ˈhjustən ˈtɛksənz ðɪs meɪ bi hɑrʃ, bət waɪl ðə kˈwɔrtərˌbæk ˌsɪʧuˈeɪʃən (wɪʧ wi ɔl əˈsumd hæd ˈɛndɪd) ˈrəmbəlz ɔn æt ˈsteɪdiəm, ˈdɪfəkəlt tɪ teɪk ðə ˈtɛksənz ˈsɪriəsli, ˈivɪn wɪθ wɑt ənd ˈklaʊni ˈmeɪkɪŋ pleɪz ɔn di. pləs, ənd smɪθ ər stɪl ɪn maɪ bæd bʊks fər ˈkətɪŋ ˈʧɑrəlz ʤeɪmz. mæn, hi wɑz wərθ ɪt fər ðə sɑks əˈloʊn. ˈpriviəs nɛkst 27 ˈwɔʃɪŋtən ˈrɛdˌskɪnz ˈnoʊˌbɑˌdi laɪks ðə ˈrɛdˌskɪnz raɪt naʊ. nɑt ˈivɪn ðə ˈrɛdˌskɪnz ðɛmˈsɛlvz. bɪn ə lɔŋ taɪm sɪns ˈɛniˌθɪŋ ˈpɑzətɪv keɪm aʊt əv ˈfɛˈdɛks fild, ənd ə ˈoʊpənɪŋ ˈwiˌkɪnd lɔs tɪ ðə ˈdɑlfənz ɪz ən əˈdɪʃən tɪ ðə lɪst. ˈpriviəs nɛkst 26 ˌmɪnɪˈsoʊtə ˈvaɪkɪŋz ɪf ˈtɛdi ˈvaɪkɪŋz wər stɪl ˈraɪdɪŋ ðɛr haɪp weɪv frəm læst ˈsizən ɔn ˈmənˌdeɪ naɪt, fɛr tɪ ˌɪˈmæʤən ðət ʤɪst kəm daʊn tɪ ərθ wɪθ səm ril fɔrs. əˈgɛnst ðə 49ers*, ˌmɪnɪˈsoʊtə feɪld tɪ gɪt ˈɪntu ðə ɔl geɪm ənd meɪd ˈkɑrloʊs haɪd ðə tɔp ˈrənɪŋ bæk əv wik wən. ˈwɛlkəm bæk tɪ ˌriˈæləˌti, ˈfɛləs. ˈpriviəs nɛkst 25 ʃəˈkɑˌgoʊ bɛrz ɪn ˈfɛrnəs, ðə bɛrz pʊt əp ə ˈspɪrɪtəd pərˈfɔrməns əˈgɛnst ðə ˈpækərz ɔn ˈsənˌdi, wɪθ mæt ˈfɔrteɪ ˌɪmˈprɛsɪŋ. bət ðeɪ ʤɪst sim tɪ hɪt ðət ˈɛkstrə gɪr wɪn ˈnidɪd. ðeɪ læk ðə ˈkɪlər ˈɪnstɪŋkt ðət ðɛr wik wən əˈpoʊnənts hæv meɪd ðɛr ˈsteɪpəl. ʃəˈkɑˌgoʊ hæv naʊ lɔst 6 streɪt. ˈpriviəs nɛkst 24 ˌtɛnəˈsi ˈtaɪtənz aɪ ˈrɪli wɔnt tɪ pʊt ðə ˈtaɪtənz haɪər əp ðɪs lɪst, bət ðə dɪˈfɛnsɪv ˈfreɪltiz əv ˈtæmpə beɪ ər ˈstɑpɪŋ mi. ˈmɑrkəs wɑz fəˈnɑmənəl ɔn ˈdeɪbju, ənd ˈɑrgjuəbli ðə pleɪər əv ðə wik, ɪn ə bloʊaʊt wɪn fər ðə ˈnæʃvɪl ˈfrænˌʧaɪz. ɪf ðeɪ du ɪt əˈgɛn, wɪn pleɪɪŋ ˈsəmˌwən ə ˈlɪtəl ˈtəfər, ðɛn tɔk əˈbaʊt ə bɪg klaɪm. ˈpriviəs nɛkst 23 ˈdiˌtrɔɪt laɪənz oʊ, ˈdiˌtrɔɪt. ɪf ðə laɪənz foʊld ɔn ˈsənˌdi, ðɛn ðɪs pəˈzɪʃən wʊd lʊk ˈvæstli ˈdɪfərənt. hɛl, bi ˈnɑkɪŋ ɔn ðə dɔr əv ðə tɔp tɛn. əˈlæs, ðeɪ dɪd foʊld, ənd ðeɪ dɪd gɪv əp ən lɛd ɪn ə geɪm ðeɪ ʃʊd hæv ræpt əp. ˈɔlsoʊ, ðeɪ ˈbɑðər ˈkəvərɪŋ ˈkinən ˈælən. bæd muv mɔr ɔn ðət ˈleɪtər. ˈpriviəs nɛkst 22 nu ˌɔˈrlinz seɪnts ɛz ɪkˈspɛktɪd, dru briz pleɪd laɪk dru briz wɪn ðə seɪnts ˈvɪzɪtɪd ðə ˈdɛzərt ɔn ˈsənˌdi. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ðə seɪnts ˈhændəl ə rɪˈʤuvəˌneɪtɪd ˈkɑrzən ˈpɑmər ənd brus arians’*’ əˈgrɛsɪv play-calling*, ˈminɪŋ ðeɪ lɛft ˌɛrɪˈzoʊnə ˈɛmptiˈhændɪd. ˈpriviəs nɛkst 21 ˈbɔltəˌmɔr ˈreɪvənz aɪ noʊ, ə ˈʃɑkər, raɪt? ʤɪst hir mi aʊt. ðə ˈreɪvənz wər rɑk ˈbɑtəm ɪn ðə ˈɛˌnɛˈfɛl ɪn tərmz əv əˈfɛnsɪv jɑrdz ðɪs wik. ʤoʊ θru fər ˈʤəstɪn wɑz ʤɪst pleɪn ˈtɛrəbəl ənd ˈbɔltəˌmɔr ˈoʊnli hæd wən əˈpɪrəns ɔl geɪm. ðə ˈbɔltəˌmɔr dɪˈfɛns kɛpt ðɛm ɪn ə ˈkɑntɛst æt maɪl haɪ ˈsteɪdiəm, ənd ðə ki tɪ ðət ˈjunɪt ɪz naʊ daʊn wɪθ ə tɔrn əˈkɪliz. ðə rɛst əv ðə 2015 ˈsizən lʊks ˈɑmənəs. ˈpriviəs nɛkst 20 nu jɔrk ʤaɪənts məʧ laɪk ðə laɪənz, ðɪs kʊd hæv ʧeɪnʤd drəˈmætɪkəli, hæd ˈtoʊni ˈroʊmoʊ nɑt pleɪd aʊt əv hɪz skɪn ɪn ðə fɔrθ kˈwɔrtər əv fərst ˈsənˌdi naɪt ˈfʊtˌbɔl ˈɔfərɪŋ. dɪˈsɪʒənˌmeɪkɪŋ ɪz ðə ˈprɑbləm, ənd ðə ɪnˈtaɪər ˈɛˌnɛˈfɛl noʊz ɪt. ɪf ˈilaɪ ˈmænɪŋ teɪks ðə sæk, ðə klɑk rənz ənd ðə ʤaɪənts ˈlaɪkli græb ðə ˈdəbəlju. faɪn ˈmɑrʤənz. ˈpriviəs nɛkst 19 nu jɔrk ʤɛts nu jɔrk timz ər laɪk ˈbəsɪz, əˈpɛrəntli. tɑd bowles’*’ saɪd gɑt ɔf tɪ ə ˈwɪnɪŋ stɑrt əˈgɛnst ðə braʊnz ɔn ˈsənˌdi, dɪˈspaɪt biɪŋ ɪkˈstrimli rɪˈlaɪənt ɔn ðə rən. ðɪs ˈtæktɪk meɪ rip rɪˈwɔrdz əˈgɛnst ðə ˈlɛsər timz, bət nɑt soʊ məʧ wɪn ðeɪ kəm əp əˈgɛnst ðə dɪˈfɛnsɪv ˈjunɪts ðət naʊ praʊl ðə ist. ˈpriviəs nɛkst 18 ˌkɛrəˈlaɪnə ˈpænθərz təf tɪ ˈɑrgju wɪθ ə roʊd wɪn ɪn wik wən. ðə ˈpænθərz wər fɑr frəm ˈflæʃi ɪn ðə ɪkˈspænʧən boʊl əˈgɛnst ðə ˈʤægˌwɑrz, bət ðeɪ ˈmænɪʤd tɪ pæʧ 20 pɔɪnts təˈgɛðər tɪ gɪt ðə ˈvɪktəri. nɑt bæd kənˈsɪdərɪŋ ˈkɛlvɪn ˈbɛnʤəmən ɪz ˈæbsənt ənd luk ˈsəfərd ə kənˈkəʃən.
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next 32) tampa bay buccaneers the bucs were the worst team in football in 2014, and if week one is anything to go by, they haven’t done much improving. jameis winston may yet be the saviour of the franchise, but he has a long way to go. his first nfl pass attempt? a pick six.
previous next 31) oakland raiders the raiders roster has potential, no question, but they had a very poor outing at the coliseum on sunday. the bengals ran out 33-13 winners, but in truth, that score line isn’t a fair reputation of how the game panned out. to make matters worse, derek carr is out. tough start for oakland.
previous next 30) jacksonville jaguars the lowest scorers in the nfl on sunday, with only 9 points on the board. simply put, it’s hard to win football games when you aren’t breaking double figures. the jags are inexperienced on offense right now and need a spark, desperately.
previous next 29) cleveland browns three things to say about cleveland’s performance this weekend: – josh mccown should think before he acts. – johnny manziel simply does not have the ability to play to a consistently good level for four quarters. – the jets don’t have a great offense, yet they piled on 31 points. alarm bells.
previous next 28) houston texans this may be harsh, but while the quarterback situation (which we all assumed had ended) rumbles on at nrg stadium, it’s difficult to take the texans seriously, even with watt and clowney making plays on d. plus, o’brien and smith are still in my bad books for cutting charles james. man, he was worth it for the socks alone.
previous next 27) washington redskins nobody likes the redskins right now. not even the redskins themselves. it’s been a long time since anything positive came out of fedex field, and a 17-10 opening weekend loss to the dolphins is an addition to the list.
previous next 26) minnesota vikings if teddy bridgewater’s vikings were still riding their hype wave from last season on monday night, it’s fair to imagine that they’ve just come down to earth with some real force. against the unfancied 49ers, minnesota failed to get into the endzone all game and made carlos hyde the top running back of week one. welcome back to reality, fellas.
previous next 25) chicago bears in fairness, the bears put up a spirited performance against the packers on sunday, with matt forte impressing. but they just can’t seem to hit that extra gear when it’s needed. they lack the killer instinct that their week one opponents have made their staple. chicago have now lost 6 straight.
previous next 24) tennessee titans i really want to put the titans higher up this list, but the defensive frailties of tampa bay are stopping me. marcus mariota was phenomenal on debut, and arguably the player of the week, in a blowout win for the nashville franchise. if they do it again, when playing someone a little tougher, then we’ll talk about a big climb.
previous next 23) detroit lions oh, detroit. if the lions didn’t fold on sunday, then this position would look vastly different. hell, they’d be knocking on the door of the top ten. alas, they did fold, and they did give up an 18-point lead in a game they should have wrapped up. also, they didn’t bother covering keenan allen. bad move – more on that later.
previous next 22) new orleans saints as expected, drew brees played like drew brees when the saints visited the desert on sunday. however, the saints couldn’t handle a rejuvenated carson palmer and bruce arians’ aggressive play-calling, meaning they left arizona empty-handed.
previous next 21) baltimore ravens i know, a shocker, right? just hear me out. the ravens were rock bottom in the nfl in terms of offensive yards this week. joe flacco threw for sub-200, justin forsett was just plain terrible and baltimore only had one redzone appearance all game. the baltimore defense kept them in a contest at mile high stadium, and the key to that unit is now down with a torn achilles. the rest of the 2015 season looks ominous.
previous next 20) new york giants much like the lions, this could have changed dramatically, had tony romo not played out of his skin in the fourth quarter of 2015’s first sunday night football offering. decision-making is the problem, and the entire nfl knows it. if eli manning takes the sack, the clock runs and the giants likely grab the w. fine margins.
previous next 19) new york jets new york teams are like buses, apparently. todd bowles’ side got off to a winning start against the browns on sunday, despite being extremely reliant on the run. this tactic may reap rewards against the nfl’s lesser teams, but not so much when they come up against the defensive units that now prowl the afc east.
previous next 18) carolina panthers it’s tough to argue with a road win in week one. the panthers were far from flashy in the expansion bowl against the jaguars, but they managed to patch 20 points together to get the victory. not bad considering kelvin benjamin is absent and luke kuechly suffered a concussion.
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ˈfoʊˌtoʊ ə nu rɪˈpɔrt frəm ə nɑnˈpɑrtəzən ˌɔrgənəˈzeɪʃən ˈfoʊkɪst ɔn ˈgɪtɪŋ mɔr ənd lɑˈtinoʊs ɪˈlɛktɪd tɪ steɪt ənd ˈloʊkəl ˈɔfəsɪz faʊnd ðət ðə tu grups ər ˈfeɪsɪŋ ˈɑbstəkəlz ɛz ðeɪ sik tɪ əˈʧiv ˈgreɪtər ˌrɛprəzɛnˈteɪʃən tɪ mæʧ ðɛr ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃənz. ðə rɪˈpɔrt, baɪ ðə nu əˈmɛrɪkən ˈlidərz ˈprɑʤɛkt, faʊnd ðət ðə groups’*’ ˈnəmbərz hæv nɑt groʊn səbˈstænʃəli ɪn ðoʊz ˈɔfəsɪz fjuər ðən 2 pərˈsɛnt əv ðə sits ˈnæʃənəli ɪn steɪt ənd ˈloʊkəl ˈɔfəsɪz ər hɛld baɪ ər hɪˈspænɪks. ðoʊz ˈvoʊtərz meɪk əp mɔr ðən 20 pərˈsɛnt əv ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃən, ðə rɪˈpɔrt noʊts. boʊθ grups əv ˈvoʊtərz ər kənˈsɪdərd ki tɪ ðə ˈimərʤɪŋ ˌdɛməˈkrætɪk ˌkoʊəˈlɪʃən ɪn ˈnæʃənəl ˈreɪsɪz. əˈməŋ ðə ˈbɛriərz ˈmɛmbərz əv ðiz grups feɪst ɪz ðət ðeɪ wər lɛs ˈlaɪkli tɪ kəm əp wɪθ ðə aɪˈdiə əv ˈrənɪŋ fər ˈɔfəs ðɛmˈsɛlvz ˈjuʒəwəli ˈoʊnli duɪŋ soʊ ɪf ðə aɪˈdiə wɑz səˈʤɛstɪd baɪ əˈnəðər ˈpərsən. hɪˈspænɪk ˈwɪmən ˈɔlsoʊ wər ˈlaɪkliər tɪ rɪˈpɔrt biɪŋ dɪˈskərɪʤd ðɛr pəˈlɪtɪkəl ˈpɑrti mɔr ðən ˈɛni ˈəðər group,”*,” ðə rɪˈpɔrt ˈnoʊtɪd. ˈtiˈeɪʧ ˈkænədɪts ˈɔlsoʊ ˈtɛndɪd tɪ rɪˈlaɪ ˈstrɔŋli ɔn səˈpɔrt frəm ˈjunjənz ənd kəmˈjunɪti grups tɪ bi səkˈsɛsfəl, ənd ðeɪ faʊnd wən əv ðə moʊst ˈdɪfəkəlt ˈhərdəlz. ðət wɑz ˌpɑrˈtɪkjələrli tru əˈməŋ hɪˈspænɪk ˈwɪmən, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ðə rɪˈpɔrt. ðə rɪˈpɔrt ɪz sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt æt ə taɪm wɪn boʊθ ðə ˌdɛməˈkrætɪk ənd rɪˈpəblɪkən ˈpɑrtiz ər traɪɪŋ tɪ grum ˈkænədɪts fər tɔp ˈɔfəsɪz baɪ ˈhævɪŋ ðɛm ˈɛnər ˈpɑləˌtɪks θru loʊər pəˈzɪʃənz. ðə rɪˈpɔrt ˈsərˌveɪd rɪˈspɑnsɪz frəm 544 ɪˈlɛktɪd əˈfɪʃəlz əˈkrɔs ðə ˈkəntri, ənd faʊnd ðət ənd hɪˈspænɪks feɪst spɪˈsɪfɪk ˈhərdəlz ðət ˈəðər məˈnɔrəti grups dɪd nɑt. bhojwani*, ðə ˈprɛzɪdənt ənd ˈfaʊndər əv ðə nu əˈmɛrɪkən ˈlidərˌʃɪp ˈprɑʤɛkt, sɛd ðət ðɛr wər ˌnɛvərðəˈlɛs ɪnˈkərəʤɪŋ saɪnz ɪn ðə rɪˈpɔrt. wi si frəm ðɪs rɪˈpɔrt ɪz ðət ənd lɑˈtinoʊs feɪs ˈbɛriərz, jɛs, bət ðət dɪˈspaɪt ðɪs, ðeɪ rən ənd win,”*,” ʃi sɛd. ˌɪndəˈvɪʤəwəl ˈkænədɪt ˈmætərz tɪ ˈjuˈɛs, bɪˈkəz iʧ wən hɛlps tɪ kloʊz ðə ˌrɛprəzɛnˈteɪʃən gæp ənd faɪts fər hər kəmˈjunɪti. bət ðə ˈmuvmənt bɪˈhaɪnd ðə ˈkænədɪt ˈɔlsoʊ matters.”*.”
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a new report from a nonpartisan organization focused on getting more asian-american and latinos elected to state and local offices found that the two groups are facing obstacles as they seek to achieve greater representation to match their fast-growing populations.
the report, by the new american leaders project, found that the groups’ numbers have not grown substantially in those offices — fewer than 2 percent of the 500,000 seats nationally in state and local offices are held by asian-americans or hispanics. those voters make up more than 20 percent of the united states population, the report notes. both groups of voters are considered key to the emerging democratic coalition in national races.
among the barriers members of these groups faced is that they were less likely to come up with the idea of running for office themselves — usually only doing so if the idea was suggested by another person. hispanic women also were likelier to report being discouraged “by their political party more than any other group,” the report noted.
th candidates also tended to rely strongly on support from unions and community groups to be successful, and they found fund-raising one of the most difficult hurdles. that was particularly true among hispanic women, according to the report.
the report is significant at a time when both the democratic and republican parties are trying to groom candidates for top offices by having them enter politics through lower positions. the report surveyed responses from 544 elected officials across the country, and found that asian-americans and hispanics faced specific hurdles that other minority groups did not.
sayu bhojwani, the president and founder of the new american leadership project, said that there were nevertheless encouraging signs in the report.
“what we see from this report is that asian-americans and latinos face barriers, yes, but that despite this, they run and win,” she said. “every individual candidate matters to us, because each one helps to close the representation gap and fights for her community. but the movement behind the candidate also matters.”
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ʧaɪˈniz tim lidz fɪŋk ˈdɛzərt reɪs ʧɑrʤ ˈəpˌdeɪtɪd ə tim frəm wən əv ˈlɑrʤəst ˈreɪsɪŋ kləbz ɪn ˈʧaɪnə wɪl teɪk pɑrt ɪn ðə fɪŋk ˈdɛzərt reɪs ɪn ðə ˈnɔrðərn ˈtɛrɪˌtɔri ðɪs jɪr. reɪs ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnətɪvz ər flaɪɪŋ tɪ gˈwæŋˌzu ɪn ˈsəðərn ˈʧaɪnə ðɪs wik tɪ ðə ˈɛntri ˈditeɪlz. ɪˈvɛnt ˈprɛzɪdənt ˈæntəni sɪz ðət, wɪθ mɔr ðən ˈmɛmbərz, ðə wʊlf pæk ɔf roʊd kləb həz ðə pəˈtɛnʃəl tɪ gɪt ˈtʊˌrɪzəm ɪn ˈsɛntrəl ɔˈstreɪljə bæk ɔn træk. "ðə tim ðət wʊlf pæk ɪz ˈsɛndɪŋ aʊt ɪz biɪŋ əˈkəmpənid baɪ ə fɪlm kru ənd ðət ˈvɪʒən wɪl ðɛn bi sɛnt bæk tɪ ˈʧaɪnə," hi sɛd. "wi ər ˈrɪli ɪkˈsaɪtɪd əˈbaʊt ðə pəˈtɛnʃəl frəm ðət." ðə fɪŋk ˈdɛzərt reɪs ɪz wən əv ðə ˈbɪgəst ˈænjuəl ˈspɔrtɪŋ ɪˈvɛnts ɪn ðə ˈtɛrɪˌtɔri ənd ˈrɛkəgˌnaɪzd ɛz wən əv ðə ˈtəfəst ɪˈvɛnts ɪn ðə wərld. hɛld iʧ jɪr ɔn ðə kwinz ˈbərθˌdeɪ ˈhɑlɪˌdeɪ ˈwiˌkɪnd ɪn ʤun, əˈbaʊt 600 ˈmoʊtərˌsaɪkəl ˈraɪdərz ənd ˈbəgi ˈdraɪvərz teɪk pɑrt. ðə ˈtuˌdeɪ ɪˈvɛnt rənz θru ˈdɛzərt ˈkəntri bɪtˈwin ˈælɪs spərɪŋz ənd ðə smɔl (fɪŋk) kəmˈjunɪti ənd rɪˈtərn, ə ˈtoʊtəl əv 460 ˌkɪˈlɔˌmətərz. ˈmɪstər sɪz ðə pɑrˌtɪsəˈpeɪʃən əv ðə ʧaɪˈniz tim kʊd bi ðə fərst stɛp ɪn dɪˈvɛləpɪŋ ə nu dɪˈrɛkʃɪn fər ˈtʊˌrɪzəm ɪn ˈsɛntrəl ɔˈstreɪljə. "pərˈhæps ɪn 2013 ənd ˈɑnwərdz ðɛr wɪl bi səm ˈtʊˌrɪzəm əraʊnd ðə ɪˈvɛnt, wɪʧ wʊd bi greɪt fər ˈælɪs spərɪŋz ənd ˈsɛntrəl ɔˈstreɪljə," hi sɛd. ˈtɑpɪks: motor-sports*, ˈtʊˌrɪzəm, travel-and-tourism*, fərst ˈpoʊstɪd
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chinese team leads finke desert race charge
updated
a team from one of largest off-road racing clubs in china will take part in the finke desert race in the northern territory this year.
race representatives are flying to guangzhou in southern china this week to finalise the entry details.
event president antony yoffa says that, with more than 30,000 members, the wolf pack off road club has the potential to get tourism in central australia back on track.
"the team that wolf pack is sending out is being accompanied by a film crew and that vision will then be sent back to china," he said.
"we are really excited about the potential spin-offs from that."
the finke desert race is one of the biggest annual sporting events in the territory and recognised as one of the toughest off-road events in the world.
held each year on the queen's birthday holiday weekend in june, about 600 motorcycle riders and buggy drivers take part.
the two-day event runs through desert country between alice springs and the small aputala (finke) community and return, a total of 460 kilometres.
mr yoffa says the participation of the chinese team could be the first step in developing a new direction for tourism in central australia.
"perhaps in 2013 and onwards there will be some tourism around the event, which would be great for alice springs and central australia," he said.
topics: motor-sports, tourism, travel-and-tourism, alice-springs-0870, finke-0872, darwin-0800
first posted
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ˈprɑsɪˌkjutərz ˈfeɪlɪŋ tɪ goʊ ˈæftər ðoʊz riˈspɑnsəbəl fər ˈsoʊmə dɪˈzæstər, ˈlɔjərz seɪ kərt ˈæŋkərə ˈmaɪnərz weɪt ˈaʊtˈsaɪd ðə ˈɛntrəns əv ə koʊl maɪn ɪn ˈsoʊmə, ˈwɛstərn ˈtərki, ˈərli ˈθərzˌdeɪ, meɪ 15 ˌeɪˈpi ˈfoʊˌtoʊ ˈprɑsɪˌkjutərz ˌɪnˈvɛstəˌgeɪtɪŋ ðə ˈsərkəmˌstænsɪz əv ðə ˈsoʊmə maɪn dɪˈzæstər ər ˈfeɪlɪŋ tɪ muv əˈgɛnst ðə ril ˈkəlprɪts ɪn ðə keɪs, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ˈlɔjərz ˈfrəˌstreɪtəd baɪ ðə sloʊ peɪs əv ðə ə ˈmæsɪv dɪˈzæstər laɪk ðɪs, ðə ˌprɑsəˈkjuʃən məst ˌɪˈmiˌdiətli teɪk ðə ˈkəmpəˌni ˈoʊnər ənd ˌhaɪˈlɛvəl ˈmænɪʤərz ˈɪntu ˈkəstədi ˌɪˈmiˌdiətli ˈfɑloʊɪŋ ðə incident,”*,” sɛd ˈɛrəl, hu ɪz ɔn ðə bɔrd əv dɪˈrɛktərz əv ðə ˈæŋkərə bɑr əˌsoʊʃiˈeɪʃən, ˈædɪŋ ðət ðə ˈsinjər əˈfɪʃəlz ʃʊd bi dɪˈteɪnd æt list ənˈtɪl ən ˈɛkspərt rɪˈpɔrt ɪz priˈpɛrd tɪ prɪˈvɛnt ˈɛni ˈtæmpərɪŋ wɪθ ɪz ə scandal”*” ðət noʊ wən həz jɛt bɪn dɪˈteɪnd, sɛd. ˈkəmpəˌni ˈmænɪʤərz, hu kʊd bi ˈsəˌspɛkts ɪn ðə ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃən, ər ˈvɪzɪtɪŋ ðə maɪn ɑrm ɪn ɑrm wɪθ ˈpəblɪk fɑr ɛz wi kən si, ðə ˈprɑsɪˌkjutərz noʊ ˈɛniˌθɪŋ mɔr ðən ðə ˈævərɪʤ citizen,”*,” sɛd ðə ˈɔlsoʊ ˈkrɪtəˌsaɪzd ðə ˈprɑsɪˌkjutər fər ˌɪˈmiˌdiətli seɪɪŋ ðət ðə ˌsupərˈvaɪzərz ðət ðeɪ plænd tɪ ərˈɛst hæd daɪd ɪn ðə ðə ˈmænɪʤmənt ɪz riˈspɑnsəbəl fər ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ ðət ɪz gʊd, fər ˈrɛvəˌnuz ənd groʊθ, tu pur ˌsupərˈvaɪzərz hu wərk ɪn ðə maɪn ˈkænɑt bi hɛld riˈspɑnsəbəl fər bæd θɪŋz ənd disasters,”*,” hi sɛd, ˈnoʊtɪŋ ðət ˈmænɪʤərz wər ˈsikɪŋ tɪ əbˈzɑlv ðɛmˈsɛlvz əv bleɪm baɪ trænsˈfərɪŋ riˌspɑnsəˈbɪlətiz ɔn ˈpeɪpər tɪ ˌsupərˈvaɪzərz hu ˈæˌkʧuəli wərk ɪn ðə maɪn. ˈprɑsɪˌkjutər məst peɪ noʊ hid tɪ ðɪs ənd goʊ ənd dɪˈrɛkli dɪˈteɪn ðə ˈkəmpəˌni bɔs ənd ðə ˌhaɪˈlɛvəl officials.”*.”
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prosecutors failing to go after those responsible for soma disaster, lawyers say
nurettin kurt ankara / hürriyet
miners wait outside the entrance of a coal mine in soma, western turkey, early thursday, may 15. ap photo
prosecutors investigating the circumstances of the soma mine disaster are failing to move against the real culprits in the case, according to lawyers frustrated by the slow pace of the investigation.“in a massive disaster like this, the prosecution must immediately take the company owner and high-level managers into custody immediately following the incident,” said erol aras, who is on the board of directors of the ankara bar association, adding that the senior officials should be detained at least until an expert report is prepared to prevent any tampering with evidence.it is a “legal scandal” that no one has yet been detained, aras said. “the company managers, who could be suspects in the investigation, are visiting the mine arm in arm with public officials.”“as far as we can see, the prosecutors don’t know anything more than the average citizen,” said the lawyer.aras also criticized the prosecutor for immediately saying that the supervisors that they planned to arrest had died in the disaster.“when the company’s management is responsible for everything that is good, for revenues and growth, two poor supervisors who work in the mine cannot be held responsible for bad things and disasters,” he said, noting that managers were seeking to absolve themselves of blame by transferring responsibilities on paper to supervisors who actually work in the mine. “the prosecutor must pay no heed to this and go and directly detain the company boss and the high-level officials.”
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ɛs ɪkˈspænd ə ˈprɪti blɑnd mɑb ˈprɪnsɛs, baʊnd ənd gægd, ɪz ˈteɪkən ˈkɪkɪŋ ənd ˈskrimɪŋ ˈkərsɪz aʊt əv ðə trəŋk əv ðə pleɪərz kɑr. taɪd tɪ ə ʧɛr ɪn ðə ˈhaɪˌdaʊt əv ðə ˈgæŋstərz hu hoʊld hər ˈhɑstɪʤ, ðə pleɪərz æst tɪ snæp ə ˈfoʊˌtoʊ tɪ sɛnd tɪ hər ˈmɑfiə ˈfɑðər. pi ʃi skrimz ˈməfəld ˈproʊˌtɛsts θru ðə ræg bɪtˈwin hər lɪps, ðə ˈɪmɪʤ ɔn ðə ˈkæmərə foʊn skrin rɪˈflɛktɪŋ hər ˈtɔrˌmɛntɪd, ˈtɛrəˌfaɪd aɪz. ɛz ðə pleɪər ˈsɛnərz hər feɪs ɪn ðə freɪm, ʃi ˈɔfərz ə ˈdɛspərɪt moʊn, ə rækt sɑb. pi "smaɪl fər ˈdædi," ðə pleɪər tɛlz hər. pi klɪk. pi ɪz grænd θɛft ˈɔtoʊ ən ɪkˈsprɛʃən əv heɪt təˈwɔrdz ˈwɪmən? ər ðoʊz hu ˌɛnˈʤɔɪ ɪt ˈmɪzəʤɪnɪsts? pi ˈfɛmənɪst ˈɪntəˌrɛst blɔg pi ˈfɛmənɪst ˈɪntəˌrɛst blɔg ˈsərtənli θɪŋks soʊ ðoʊ nɑt bɪˈkəz əv ðɪs ˈmɪʃən sin frəm ˈleɪtər ɪn ðə geɪm. æt ðə taɪm əv lɔnʧ, ˈpoʊstər keɪm əˈkrɔs ə ˈvɪdioʊ kɔld "ˈleɪdiz əv ˈlɪbərˌti ˈsɪti: ˈvɛri bæd θɪŋz," kriˈeɪtɪd baɪ. ðə ˈvɪdioʊ ˈfiʧərd ˈsikwənsɪz əv ðə geɪm ˈɛdɪtɪd təˈgɛðər baɪ, ənd ɔl əv ðiz ˈsikwənsɪz dɪˈpɪktɪd ˈvaɪələns, wɪθ ˈsɛkʃuəl ˈoʊvərˌtoʊnz, təˈwɔrd ðə ˈprɑstəˌtuts ənd ˈstrɪpərz ɪn ðə geɪm səʧ ɛz səˈlɪsətɪŋ ə ˈprɑstəˌtut ənd ðɛn ˈrənɪŋ hər ˈoʊvər wɪθ jʊr kɑr tɪ gɪt jʊr ˈməni bæk. wɑz əˈfɛndɪd, ənd pi wɑz əˈfɛndɪd, ənd ɛkˈskɔriˌeɪtɪd ðə geɪm fər wət ʃi kɔld ɪts "ˈbleɪtənt ˈvaɪələns ənd ˈmɪzəʤɪni dɪˈspleɪd təˈwɔrdz ˈwɪmən." ˌbiˈfɔr wi ˈæˌdrɛs ən ˈɑrgjəmənt tɪ hər ˈsteɪtmənt, ɪts ˈnɛsəˌsɛri fərst tɪ pɪk aʊt ə fju ˈsɪriəs flɔz ɪn hər əˈpɪnjən əv ðə geɪm. pi θæŋks, pi fərst, ʃi rɪˈfərd tɪ ˈvɪdioʊ ɛz ə "ˈtreɪlər" fər ðə geɪm, wɪʧ ɪt wɑz nɑt, əv kɔrs, biɪŋ ðət ɪt wɑz ˈniðər prəˈdust, ˈpəblɪˌsaɪzd ər ˈsæŋkʃənd baɪ ðə dɪˈvɛləpər, rockstar*, ənd wɑz nɑt ˌɪnˈtɛndɪd tɪ bi juzd ɛz ˌædvərˈtaɪzmənt nɔr ˌrɛprəzɛnˈteɪʃən əv ðə geɪm. ðə dɪˈvɛləpmənt əv ðət ˈvɪdioʊ wɑz ɪnˈtaɪərli ðə duɪŋ əv, hu wɪn kˈwɛsʧənd baɪ ˈɛmˈtiˈvi ˈstivən totilo*, pi fərst, ʃi rɪˈfərd tɪ ˈvɪdioʊ ɛz ə "ˈtreɪlər" fər ðə geɪm, wɪʧ ɪt wɑz nɑt, əv kɔrs, biɪŋ ðət ɪt wɑz ˈniðər prəˈdust, ˈpəblɪˌsaɪzd ər ˈsæŋkʃənd baɪ ðə dɪˈvɛləpər, rockstar*, ənd wɑz nɑt ˌɪnˈtɛndɪd tɪ bi juzd ɛz ˌædvərˈtaɪzmənt nɔr ˌrɛprəzɛnˈteɪʃən əv ðə geɪm. ðə dɪˈvɛləpmənt əv ðət ˈvɪdioʊ wɑz ɪnˈtaɪərli ðə duɪŋ əv, hu wɪn kˈwɛsʧənd baɪ ˈɛmˈtiˈvi ˈstivən totilo*, ədˈmɪtəd ɪt "mɛst əp," ənd riˈmuvd ðə ˈvɪdioʊ, huz ˈkæpʃən hæd rɛd: "græb ə kəp əv hɑt ˈkɔfi ənd ˌɛnˈʤɔɪ ðə ˈwərkɪŋ gərlz əv ðə ˈsɪti." ɪf əv wɑz ˌənəˈwɛr ɪˈnəf əv ðə geɪm ˈɪndəstri tɪ noʊ ðə ˈdɪfərəns bɪtˈwin ə geɪmz ˈtreɪlər ənd ɪts əˈfɪʃəl pərˈmoʊʃən, wən kʊd ˈsərtənli ˈɑrgju ðət ʃi wɑz ənkˈwɑlɪˌfaɪd tɪ ˈkrɪtɪˌsaɪz ðə geɪm. ənˈfɔrʧənətli, ðoʊ, ˈoʊnli ə ˈvɛri smɔl pərˈsɛnɪʤ əv ðə wərld ɪz əˈspɛʃəli ˈɛʤəˌkeɪtɪd ɔn ˈvɪdioʊ geɪmz, ənd ðə məˈʤɔrəti əv əˈtæks ɔn ðə ˈmidiəm kəm frəm ðə ˈaʊtˈsaɪd ˈlʊkɪŋ ɪn. wɪθ ðət ɪn maɪnd, ə ˈhɑrti ˈpɔrʃən əv ðə bleɪm fər ðɪs ˌmɪsəndərˈstændɪŋ ɪz skˈwɛrli ɔn ðə ˈʃoʊldərz əv, hu ʃʊd hæv noʊn ˈbɛtər, tɪ seɪ ðə ˈvɛri list. pi huz ˈreɪzɪŋ ɑr kɪdz? pi bɪˈgɪnɪŋ wɪθ ðɪs mɪskənˈsɛpʃən,, hu ˈhædənt pleɪd ðə geɪm, ɪkˈsprɛst kənˈsərn ðət jəŋ mɛn maɪt bi ˈhævɪŋ ðɛr fərst ˈsɛkʃuəl ɪkˈspɪriənsɪz wɪθ ˈwɪmən ɪn 'ɛs prostitute-populated*, ˈvaɪələnt ˈsɪti strits ənd strɪp kləbz. pi bɪˈkəz ðə ˈmɑdərn skul ˈsɪstəm ɪnˈkərəʤəz ˈmɛmərˌaɪzɪŋ ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən tɪ ˌrɪˈgərʤəˌteɪt ɪt, dɪˈskərɪʤɪŋ kriˈeɪtɪv æˈnælɪsɪs, ˈɑrgjud ðət jəŋ bɔɪz pleɪɪŋ wʊd nɑt ˈoʊnli bi ˌɪntrəˈdust tɪ ˈnɛgətɪv ˈstɛrioʊˌtaɪps əv ˈfiˌmeɪl ˌsɛkʃuˈæləti θru ðə geɪm, bət wʊd ˈɔlsoʊ læk ðə ˈkrɪtɪkəl ˈθɪŋkɪŋ skɪlz tɪ ˌəndərˈstænd ðət ðeɪ wər nɑt biɪŋ "treɪnd" ɪn ə ˈvælju ˈsɪstəm. pi ʃi roʊt: pi "ɪt kən bi ˈɑrgjud ðət ðeɪ ər biɪŋ fɔrs fɛd ˈhɛvəli ˈmɑrkətɪd ˈvaɪələnt ˈɪmɪʤɪz (ðət ˈɔfən rɪˈflɛkt ðə ˈvaɪələns ɪn ðə ˈmidiə, ˈmuviz, ˈgəvərnmənt ˈpɑləsi ənd ɪn ðɛr oʊn kəmˈjunɪtiz) ðət bɪˈkəm ˈnɔrməˌlaɪzd. ənd nɑt ˈoʊnli ˈnɔrməˌlaɪzd, bət ˈgɪvɪn ðə ˈpɑpjələr ˈneɪʧər əv, ɪt ɪz kul tɪ bi ˈvaɪələnt ənd kɪl ˈprɑstəˌtuts." pi ɪts ə ˈkɑmən pəˈzɪʃən, ənd ˈivɪn ə ˈvaɪəbəl wən, ðət ˈmidiə təˈdeɪ ənd ðə ˈrɛdi ˈækˌsɛs tɪ ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən meɪ dɪˈsɛnsəˌtaɪz nɑt ˈoʊnli jəŋ ˈpipəl, bət ˈædəlts əv ɔl ˈeɪʤɪz ənd kridz tɪ ˈhɛvi ˈvaɪələns ənd ˈsɛkʃuəl θimz. bət ər ˈʧɪldrən ˈrɪli "force-fed*" ˈɛni sɔrt əv ˌɛnərˈteɪnmənt, ˌɪmˈplaɪɪŋ ðət ðɛr ɪz noʊ ʧɔɪs? ɪf ˈmidiə ˈrɪli ɪz ðə soʊl əv ˈʧɪldrənz ˈvæljuz, əm əˈfreɪd wiv gɑt ə ˈbɪgər ˈprɑbləm ðən ə ˈvaɪələnt ˈvɪdioʊ geɪm. pi dɪz səˈʤɛst ðət ˈpɛrənts hæv noʊ paʊər tɪ kriˈeɪt wəts "ˈnɔrməˌlaɪzd" fər ðɛr ˈʧɪldrən? əˈsumɪŋ səʧ ə læk əv ˈɪnfluəns ɔn ðə pɑrt əv ˈməðərz ɪz æt list ɛz ɛz ˈɛni ˌɛnərˈteɪnmənt ˈmidiəm. pi ənd ˈivɪn soʊ lɛts priˈtɛnd ə ˈmoʊmənt ðət ɪts ˈpɑsəbəl fər ˈmidiə tɪ ruɪn ɑr juθ. ˈivɪn ðɛn, haʊ kən pleɪs bleɪm ɔn ə ˈtaɪtəl ðət, æt ðə taɪm ʃi ˈlɛvəld hər krɪˈtik, hæd bɪn ɔn stɔr ʃɛlvz fər ə ˈsɪŋgəl deɪ? wən ðət ʃi ˈnɛvər ˈivɪn pleɪd? pi əv kɔrs, ɪz nɪˈglɛktɪŋ ðə moʊst ɛˈsɛnʃəl pɔɪnt əv ɔl grænd θɛft ˈɔtoʊ ɪz nɑt ə geɪm fər ˈʧɪldrən, ˈpɪriəd. pi ðoʊz ˈvərʤɪn aɪz pi ˈæftər biɪŋ ɪˈvæljuˌeɪtəd baɪ ˈsɛvərəl ˈreɪtɪŋz ˌɔrgənəˈzeɪʃənz ˈwərldˈwaɪd, ðə geɪm wɑz əˈsaɪnd ə "məˈʧʊr" ˈreɪtɪŋ ðɪs ɪz 17 ɪn ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts ənd 18 ɪn ˈjʊrəp ənd ðə juˈnaɪtɪd ˈkɪŋdəm. mɔˈroʊvər, ðə həz rɪˈpitɪdli ərʤd kənˈsumərz tɪ juz ðə ˈreɪtɪŋz ɛz ə gaɪd, ənd ðət ðə wərd "məˈʧʊr" ɪn ðə ˈreɪtɪŋz ɪz ˈikwəli ɛz ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt ɛz ðə ˈnəmbər. pi ɪn ˈəðər wərdz, ðɪs geɪm ɪz nɑt ˌɪnˈtɛndɪd tɪ bi pleɪd baɪ ˈkjʊriəs juθ əˈbaʊt tɪ gɪt ðɛr fərst lʊk æt ə pɛr əv bubz,. pi aɪˈrɑnɪkli, baɪ ðə weɪ, juzd ðə ɔˈstreɪljən bɑks ʃɑt əv ðət ˈriʤənz ˈvərʒən əv wɪθ ðə 15 ˈreɪtɪŋ ˈstɪkər klɪr ɪn ðə ˈɪmɪʤ. pi ˌtɛknɪˈkælətiz əˈsaɪd, poʊst wɛnt ɔn tɪ ˈwəndər waɪ "ə geɪm ðət dɪˈpɪkts səʧ ˈvaɪələns təˈwɔrdz ˈwɪmən [ɪz] soʊ ˈpɑpjələr," ənd æst, "haʊ ɪz ðət əkˈsɛptəbəl?" pi gɪlt ˈɪʃu pi tɪ bi fɛr, ðɪs ɪz ə mɔr ˈʧælənʤɪŋ kˈwɛʃən. ɪn ɪts ˈigərnəs tɪ dɪˈfɛnd ˈgeɪmɪŋ, ðə geɪm kəmˈjunɪti həz rɪˈpitɪdli strɛst ðət ˈniðər ˈfɔrsɪz nɔr ɪkˈsplɪsətli rɪˈwɔrdz ju fər ɪnˈgeɪʤɪŋ ɪn ˌprɑstəˈtuʃən, ˈvaɪələns təˈwɔrdz ˈwɪmən, ər ˈrændəm ækts əv bruˈtælɪti. bət ɪt wʊd bi ənˈtruθfəl ɔn ɑr pɑrt tɪ seɪ ðət ˈɛniˌwən pleɪz praɪˈmɛrəli fər ɪts ɪnˈgroʊsɪŋ ˈstɔri, ɪts ˈflɔləs ˈdraɪvɪŋ məˈkænɪks ər ɪts ˈwɔtərˌtaɪt ˈgeɪmˌpleɪ. pi wi pleɪ ɪt tɪ rik ˈmeɪˌhɛm, soʊ lɛts ʤɪst ədˈmɪt ɪt. ˈmeɪbi ðɛn, wi kən ˈfaɪnəli stɑp ˈfilɪŋ ˈgɪlti. pi æt ɪts kɔr, ɪz nɑt ə ˈvaɪələns ˈsɪmjəˌleɪtər, nɔr ə ˈgrɪpɪŋ ˈtɛləˌvɪʒən ˈdrɑmə, nɔr ə kæmp ˈkɑmədi ˈrəðər, ɪts ɔl əv ðiz, pərˈzɛnəd ɛz ən ˈɛˌseɪ ɔn ˈfridəm əv bɪˈheɪvjər, ə ˈfænəsi wərld wɛr ˌmɔˈræləˌti ɪz səˈspɛndɪd, səˈbʤɛktɪv ər səˈlɛktɪv. wət wi du ɪn ðət ˈfænəsi wərld sɪz ˈsəmθɪŋ əˈbaʊt ˈjuˈɛs ɛz ə soʊˈsaɪɪti, əˈbaʊt ðə steɪt əv ðə ril wərld, ˈrəðər ðən biɪŋ ə ˈbleɪtənt ˌædvərˈtaɪzmənt fər ðə ˌɪˈneɪt ˌɪmərˈælɪti əv ˌɛnərˈteɪnmənt. pi dæn ˈhaʊzər ˈrisəntli pi dæn ˈhaʊzər ˈrisəntli toʊld ˈpleɪˌbɔɪ ɪn ən ˈɪntərvˌju "wɪr traɪɪŋ tɪ gɪv ˈgeɪmərz ˈfridəm. ɪt bɔɪlz daʊn tɪ ˈkrɪtɪks nɑt ˈlaɪkɪŋ ðə fækt ðət ˈpipəl kən ʧuz tɪ du 'bæd' θɪŋz ɪn ə ˈfænəsi wərld wɪʧ tɪ mi ɪz ˈsɪli." pi ˈivɪn ədˈmɪts ðət ˈvaɪələnt ˈmidiə ɪz ˈmɪrli ə rɪˈflɛkʃən əv ə ˈvaɪələnt wərld. ɪn ðət rɪˈspɛkt, ɪz ˈmɪrli ˈtruθfəl, ən ənˈwɪlɪŋnɪs tɪ əˈvɔɪd ðə ˈəgliəst ˈæˌspɛkts əv soʊˈsaɪɪti. ˌɪnˈstɛd əv əˈvɔɪdɪŋ ðɛm, ɪt ɛmˈbreɪsɪz ðɛm, ə ˈpɔɪnjənt ˈsæˌtaɪər əv ðoʊz truθs. waɪ ɪz soʊ ˈɪnˌsɛnst ðət pleɪərz ɪn ðə geɪm kən ˈvɪzɪt ˈsidi, ənd ˈveɪgli groʊs strɪp kləbz, wɪn ðoʊz θɪŋz ər ˈæˌkʧuəli ˈplɛnɪfəl ɪn ˌriˈæləˌti? pi ənd ɪn ril wərld strɪp kləbz, ðə ˈwɪmən ʧuz tɪ pʊt ðɛr flɛʃ ɔn dɪˈspleɪ. ju kən əˈsum, ðɛn, ðət ðə ˈdɪʤɪtəl ˈwɪmən hæv ɪˈlɛktɪd tɪ bi ðɛr, ˈɔlsoʊ. ˌɔlˈðoʊ nɑt ˈɛvriˌwən ˈɔlˌweɪz meɪks aɪˈdil ˈʧɔɪsɪz fər ðɛr lɪvz, ənd ˈmɛni ˈwɪmən bɪˈkəm sɛks ˈwərkərz aʊt əv ˈdɛspərɪt ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk ˈsərkəmˌstænsɪz, stɪl mɔr əˈpriʃiˌeɪt bərˈlɛsk ɛz ən ɑrt ənd ɪmˈbreɪs ðə wərk ðeɪ du. pi ənd tɪ kˌwɪntɪˈsɛnʃəl ˈɑrgjəmənt ðət ə geɪm ðət meɪks ðɪs bɪˈheɪvjər ˈpɑsəbəl ɪz "misogynistic*"? pi ˈfridəm ənd ɪkˈwɑləti fər ɔl pi ɛz ə ˈmɪrər əv soʊˈsaɪɪti æt ɪts wərst, noʊ wən ɪz spɛrd ðə hɑrʃ lɛnz ɪn ðə geɪm. ˈrɛrli ər ˈɛni əv ðə geɪmz ˈkɛrɪktərz pɔrˈtreɪd ɪn ə ˈfeɪvərəbəl laɪt, ənd ɪt ˈprɛzənts ɪn fækt ə ˈlɛvəl pleɪɪŋ fild ðə mɛn ər ɛz mæd fər ðɛr əˈdɪkʃənz ənd ɛz ðə ˈwɪmən ər. ənd ɪf ˈɛni əv ðə ˈkɛrɪktərz ər ˈlaɪkəbəl, ɪts bɪˈkəz əv ˈɛmpəθi ər ˈpɪti fər ðə ˈneɪʧər əv ðɛr ˈjumən ˈfeɪlɪŋz. pi ɪn fækt, wən əv ðə geɪmz mɔr ˈpaʊərfəl drəg ˈbɛrənz ɪz ðə full-figured*, fɪrs ənd fɪrd elizabeta*, huz ˈtritmənt ɪz noʊ mɔr ər lɛs ˈʤɛnəl ðən hər meɪl ˈkaʊntərˌpɑrts. ɪkˈwɑləti əˈbaʊndz. jɛs, ɪz ˈhɑstəl tɪ ˈwɪmən. ɪts ˈhɑstəl tɪ ˈɛvriˌwən pi tɪ kɔl ˈmɪzəʤɪni hir ɪz dɪˈvaɪsɪv, ˈæˌkʧuəli, ˌɪmˈplaɪɪŋ ðət ðə ˈtritmənt əv ˈwɪmən nidz tɪ bi ˈɛləˌveɪtɪd əˈbəv ðə ˈtritmənt əv ˈɛni ˈəðər grup ɛz ɪf "ˈwʊmən" wər ə ˈsɛpərˌeɪt, ˈspɛʃəl "reɪs" wɪθ ə ˈjunəˌfaɪd maɪnd. wi ˈɑrənt, θæŋk ju. pi ɪn fækt, wɪθ ɔl du rɪˈspɛkt fər ðə ˈfɛmənɪst kəmˈjunɪti, dɪˈmænd fər ðət sɔrt əv ˈfeɪvərɪˌtɪzəm simz tɪ brid rɪˈzɛntmənt pərˈhæps ˈivɪn ðə ˈvɛri rɪˈzɛntmənt ðət prəˈvaɪdz ðə ˈfreɪmˌwərk tɪ ɪkˈsplɔr. ʤɪst hu ər ðoʊz pi ɪn fækt, wɪθ ɔl du rɪˈspɛkt fər ðə ˈfɛmənɪst kəmˈjunɪti, dɪˈmænd fər ðət sɔrt əv ˈfeɪvərɪˌtɪzəm simz tɪ brid rɪˈzɛntmənt pərˈhæps ˈivɪn ðə ˈvɛri rɪˈzɛntmənt ðə ˈfreɪmˌwərk tɪ ɪkˈsplɔr. ʤɪst hu ər ðoʊz ˈloʊgoʊ ˌsɪləˈwɛts ɔn ˈwɛbˌsaɪt səˈpoʊzd tɪ bi ˈgɪvɪŋ ðə ˈmɪdəl ˈfɪŋgər tɪ, ˈɛniˌweɪ? ðə ˈɪmɪʤri əv ðə blɑnd ˈmɑfiə ˈprɪnsɛs hɛld ˈhɑstɪʤ ɪz dɪˈstərbɪŋ bət noʊ mɔr soʊ ðən ðə sinz frəm fɪlm, ˈtɛləˌvɪʒən ənd ˈnɑvəlz wɪθ wɪʧ ˈhjumənˌkaɪnd həz bɪn ˈfæsəˌneɪtɪd fər ˈsɛnʧəriz, ˈdeɪtɪŋ ˈivɪn ˈfərðər bæk ðən ðə drəˈmætɪk wərks əv ðə ˈeɪnʧənt griks. ðiz θɪŋz doʊnt bɪˈgɪn wɪθ nɑt baɪ ə lɔŋ ʃɑt. ənd tɪ ˈɑrgju ðət ˈmænˈkaɪnd (ənd nɑt ˈmɪrli "mɛn") hæv noʊ raɪt tɪ ðə dɑrk ˈfænəsiz ðə geɪm əˈlaʊz ˈjuˈɛs tɪ ɪgˈzæmɪn ɪz ˈpeɪnfəli naïve*. pi ənd ərnz preɪz əˈbəv ɔl fər dɪˈlɪvərɪŋ ðət ˈpleɪˌgraʊnd ɪn wɪʧ tɪ ɪkˈsplɔr ənd rɪˈflɛkt ɔn ɑr ˈbeɪsər aɪˈdiəz, ˈivɪn ðoʊz wi doʊnt ˌnɛsəˈsɛrəli ɪmˈbreɪs ɪn ɑr ril lɪvz. ɪt dɪz əˈpil tɪ ˈmɪzəʤɪnɪsts, hu wʊd hæv ɪˈspaʊzd ðoʊz fəˈlɑsəfiz wɪθ ər wɪˈθaʊt ə ˈvɪdioʊ geɪm, ənd tɪ ðoʊz hu ʧuz tɪ ˈfoʊkɪs ˈoʊnli ɔn ðə ˈɛləmənts. ɪn pi preɪz əˈbəv ɔl fər dɪˈlɪvərɪŋ ðət ˈpleɪˌgraʊnd ɪn wɪʧ tɪ ɪkˈsplɔr ənd rɪˈflɛkt ɔn ɑr ˈbeɪsər aɪˈdiəz, ˈivɪn ðoʊz wi doʊnt ˌnɛsəˈsɛrəli ɪmˈbreɪs ɪn ɑr ril lɪvz. ɪt dɪz əˈpil tɪ ˈmɪzəʤɪnɪsts, hu wʊd hæv ɪˈspaʊzd ðoʊz fəˈlɑsəfiz wɪθ ər wɪˈθaʊt ə ˈvɪdioʊ geɪm, ənd tɪ ðoʊz hu ʧuz tɪ ˈfoʊkɪs ˈoʊnli ɔn ðə ˈɛləmənts. ɪn ˈflɪpənt dɪˈfɛns əv ðə "ˈleɪdiz əv ˈlɪbərˌti ˈsɪti" ˈvɪdioʊ, hi roʊt: geɪmz, ˈəltəmətli, wɔnt pleɪərz tɪ ʃut ˈɪnəsənt ˈpipəl. ɪts wən əv ðə kɔr ˈtɛnənts əv ðə geɪm dɪˈzaɪn. ɪn fækt, geɪmz feɪl ɪn ɪnˈtaɪərti ɪf ju traɪ tɪ pleɪ ðɛm wɪˈθaʊt səm dɪˈgri əv ˈmɔrəl dɪˈprævəti." pi
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a pretty blonde mob princess, bound and gagged, is taken kicking and screaming raw-throated curses out of the trunk of the player's car. tied to a chair in the hideout of the gangsters who hold her hostage, the player's asked to snap a photo to send to her mafia father. p
she screams muffled protests through the rag between her lips, the image on the camera phone screen reflecting her tormented, terrified eyes. as the player centers her face in the frame, she offers a desperate moan, a wracked sob. p
"smile for daddy," the player tells her. p
click. p
is grand theft auto iv an expression of hate towards women? are those who enjoy it misogynists? p
feminist interest blog p feminist interest blog feministing certainly thinks so – though not because of this mission scene from later in the game. at the time of gta iv's launch, feministing poster samhita came across a video called "ladies of liberty city: very bad things," created by ign. the video featured sequences of the game edited together by ign, and all of these sequences depicted violence, with sexual overtones, toward the prostitutes and strippers in the game – such as soliciting a prostitute and then running her over with your car to get your money back.
feministing's samhita was offended, and p feministing's samhita was offended, and excoriated the game for what she called its "blatant violence and misogyny displayed towards women."
before we address an argument to her statement, it's necessary first to pick out a few serious flaws in her opinion of the game. p
thanks, ign p
first, she referred to ign's video as a "trailer" for the game, which it was not, of course, being that it was neither produced, publicized or sanctioned by the title's developer, rockstar, and was not intended to be used as advertisement nor representation of the game. the development of that video was entirely the doing of ign, who when questioned by mtv multiplayer's stephen totilo, p first, she referred to ign's video as a "trailer" for the game, which it was not, of course, being that it was neither produced, publicized or sanctioned by the title's developer, rockstar, and was not intended to be used as advertisement nor representation of the game. the development of that video was entirely the doing of ign, who when questioned by mtv multiplayer's stephen totilo, admitted it "messed up," and removed the video, whose caption had read: "grab a cup of hot coffee and enjoy the working girls of the city."
if samhita of feministing was unaware enough of the game industry to know the difference between a game's trailer and its official promotion, one could certainly argue that she was unqualified to criticize the game. unfortunately, though, only a very small percentage of the world is especially educated on video games, and the majority of attacks on the medium come from the outside looking in. with that in mind, a hearty portion of the blame for this misunderstanding is squarely on the shoulders of ign, who should have known better, to say the very least. p
who's raising our kids? p
beginning with this misconception, samhita, who hadn't played the game, expressed concern that young men might be having their first sexual experiences with women in gta iv 's prostitute-populated, violent city streets and strip clubs. p
because the modern school system encourages memorizing information to regurgitate it, discouraging creative analysis, samhita argued that young boys playing gta iv would not only be introduced to negative stereotypes of female sexuality through the game, but would also lack the critical thinking skills to understand that they were not being "trained" in a value system. p
she wrote: p
"it can be argued that they are being force fed heavily marketed violent images (that often reflect the violence in the media, movies, government policy and in their own communities) that become normalized. and not only normalized, but given the popular nature of gta, it is cool to be violent and kill prostitutes." p
it's a common position, and even a viable one, that media today and the ready access to information may desensitize not only young people, but adults of all ages and creeds to heavy violence and sexual themes. but are children really "force-fed" any sort of entertainment, implying that there is no choice? if media really is the sole determiner of children's values, i'm afraid we've got a bigger problem than a violent video game. p
does samhita suggest that parents have no power to create what's "normalized" for their children? assuming such a lack of influence on the part of mothers is at least as misogynistic as any entertainment medium. p
and even so – let's pretend a moment that it's possible for media to single-handedly ruin our youth. even then, how can samhita place blame on a title that, at the time she leveled her critique, had been on store shelves for a single day? one that she never even played? p
of course, samhita is neglecting the most essential point of all - grand theft auto iv is not a game for children, period. p
those virgin eyes p
after being evaluated by several ratings organizations worldwide, the game was assigned a "mature" rating - this is 17+ in the united states and 18 in europe and the united kingdom. moreover, the esrb has repeatedly urged consumers to use the ratings as a guide, and that the word "mature" in the ratings is equally as important as the number. p
in other words, this game is not intended to be played by curious youth about to get their first look at a pair of boobs, samhita. p
ironically, by the way, feministing used the australian box shot of that region's heavily-edited version of gta iv - with the "15+" rating sticker clear in the image. p
technicalities aside, samhita's post went on to wonder why "a game that depicts such violence towards women [is] so popular," and asked, "how is that acceptable?" p
guilt issue p
to be fair, this is a more challenging question. in its eagerness to defend gaming, the game community has repeatedly stressed that gta iv neither forces nor explicitly rewards you for engaging in prostitution, violence towards women, or random acts of brutality. but it would be untruthful on our part to say that anyone plays gta iv primarily for its engrossing story, its flawless driving mechanics or its watertight gameplay. p
we play it to wreak mayhem, so let's just admit it. maybe then, we can finally stop feeling guilty. p
gta iv , at its core, is not a violence simulator, nor a gripping television drama, nor a camp comedy – rather, it's all of these, presented as an essay on freedom of behavior, a fantasy world where morality is suspended, subjective or selective. what we do in that fantasy world says something about us as a society, about the state of the real world, rather than being a blatant advertisement for the innate immorality of entertainment. p
rockstar's dan houser recently p rockstar's dan houser recently told playboy in an interview
"we're trying to give gamers freedom. it boils down to critics not liking the fact that people can choose to do 'bad' things in a fantasy world - which to me is silly." p
even samhita admits that violent media is merely a reflection of a violent world. in that respect, gta iv is merely truthful, an unwillingness to avoid the ugliest aspects of society. instead of avoiding them, it embraces them, a poignant satire of those truths. why is samhita so incensed that players in the game can visit seedy, low-lit and vaguely gross strip clubs, when those things are actually plentiful in reality? p
and in real world strip clubs, the women choose to put their flesh on display. you can assume, then, that the digital women have elected to be there, also. although not everyone always makes ideal choices for their lives, and many women become sex workers out of desperate economic circumstances, still more appreciate burlesque as an art and embrace the work they do. p
and to samhita's quintessential argument – that a game that makes this behavior possible is "misogynistic"? p
freedom and equality for all p
as a mirror of society at its worst, no one is spared the harsh lens in the game. rarely are any of the game's characters portrayed in a favorable light, and it presents in fact a level playing field – the men are as mad for their addictions and bloodlust as the women are. and if any of the characters are likeable, it's because of empathy – or pity – for the nature of their human failings. p
in fact, one of the game's more powerful drug barons is the full-figured, fierce and feared elizabeta, whose treatment is no more or less gentle than her male counterparts. equality abounds. yes, gta iv is hostile to women. it's hostile to everyone . p
to call misogyny here is divisive, actually, implying that the treatment of women needs to be elevated above the treatment of any other group – as if "woman" were a separate, special "race" with a unified mind. we aren't, thank you. p
in fact, with all due respect for the feminist community, demand for that sort of favoritism seems to breed resentment – perhaps even the very resentment that gta iv provides the framework to explore. just who are those p in fact, with all due respect for the feminist community, demand for that sort of favoritism seems to breed resentment – perhaps even the very resentment thatprovides the framework to explore. just who are those large-breasted logo silhouettes on feministing's website supposed to be giving the middle finger to, anyway?
the imagery of the blond mafia princess held hostage is disturbing – but no more so than the scenes from film, television and novels with which humankind has been fascinated for centuries, dating even further back than the dramatic works of the ancient greeks. these things don't begin with gta iv , not by a long shot. and to argue that mankind (and not merely "men") have no right to the dark fantasies the game allows us to examine is painfully naïve. p
and gta iv earns praise above all for delivering that playground in which to explore and reflect on our baser ideas, even those we don't necessarily embrace in our real lives. it does appeal to misogynists, who would have espoused those philosophies with or without a video game, and to those who choose to focus only on the grossest elements. in ign's "citizenmike"'s p andearns praise above all for delivering that playground in which to explore and reflect on our baser ideas, even those we don't necessarily embrace in our real lives. it does appeal to misogynists, who would have espoused those philosophies with or without a video game, and to those who choose to focus only on the grossest elements. in ign's "citizenmike"'s flippant defense of the ign "ladies of liberty city" video, he wrote:
"gta games, ultimately, want players to shoot innocent people. it's one of the core tenants of the game design. in fact, gta games fail in entirety if you try to play them without some degree of moral depravity." p
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aɪ hæd ə fænˈtæstɪk taɪm fər ˈmɛni ˈrizənz. aɪ flu tɪ ˈkænzəs ˈsɪti ɔn ðə seɪm flaɪt ɛz ˈtimˌmeɪts ““lightning”*” lɪz məˈkɑrθi ənd ʤɑn hiθ, ənd ˈleɪtər ˈʤeɪmi mɔɪl keɪm. ɔn ˈθərzˌdeɪ, koʊʧ ʤɑn əraɪvd ənd wi hæd ˈmidiə deɪ. aɪ drɛst əp laɪk frəm ˈmɔrtəl ˈkɑmbæt, ənd gɑt ʤɑn tɪ drɛs əp ɛz ˌsəbˈzɪroʊ. wi boʊθ rɑkt ɑr ˈkɑstumz ənd ɪt wɑz ʤɪst ɛz kul ɛz aɪ hæd hoʊpt. ˈɪmɪʤɪz ˈteɪkən baɪ skɑt hɪˈrɑnoʊ ənd ðə ˈəðər ˈfoʊˌtoʊ tim ˈmɛmbərz ˈsɪnθiə væns ənd ˈkeɪsi leydon*. aɪ wɛnt ɪn fər maɪ ˈvɪdioʊ ˈɪntərvˌju, ənd ðɛn ˈɪntərvˌjuər sɛd tɪ mi, ˈfaɪtɪŋ ə ˈʤuˌdoʊ ˈspɛʃəlɪst. wət du ju think?”*?” aɪ wɑz laɪk, ““huh?”*?” soʊ wɪn aɪ wɑz riˈsərʧɪŋ hər, aɪ kʊd ˈbɛrli faɪnd ˈɛniˌθɪŋ æt ɔl ɔn maɪ əˈpoʊnənt ˌmɑriˈænə məreɪ. aɪ noʊ frəm brəˈzɪl ənd spik ˈɪŋlɪʃ, bət aɪ ˈivɪn ˈʃaʊtɪd aʊt tɪ maɪ brəˈzɪljən frɛndz ənd traɪd tɪ ˈgugəl ɪn ˈpɔrʧəˌgiz bət faɪnd məʧ. aɪ faʊnd əv hər ˈleɪtəst faɪts ənd ˈwɑʧɪz ðoʊz ənd aɪ θɪŋk wi gɑt ə ˈprɪti gʊd aɪˈdiə əv hər ˈfaɪtɪŋ staɪl. ðɛr wɑz ˈnəθɪŋ ðɛr ðət ˈɪndəˌkeɪtɪd ˈʤuˌdoʊ. soo…..okay*. maɪ frɛnd səˈrinə flu ɪn frəm ˈfɪli ənd rɑb, frəm ˈwɔʃɪŋtən steɪt! ɪn ðə ˈivnɪŋ, aɪ hɪt mɪts ənd fɛlt əˈmeɪzɪŋ. ˈnəθɪŋ hərt. aɪ θɪŋk ðə fərst taɪm ɪn jɪrz noʊ ˈbɑdi pɑrt hərt! θæŋk ju soʊ məʧ tɪ maɪ ˈkaɪrəˌpræktər ˈdɑktər. ʤeɪk ˈstɛkəl ənd nu ˈtreɪnər luk ˈruni fər ˈtiʧɪŋ mi ˌriəˌbɪləˈteɪʃən ənd ˈstrɛŋθənɪŋ ˈɛksərˌsaɪzɪz, ənd ˈtritɪŋ mi. ˈnɛvər fɛlt soʊ gʊd! ðə weɪt kət wɛnt ˌɔˈlraɪt. aɪ fil laɪk aɪ ˈsəfərd ə ˈlɪtəl mɔr ðən ˈjuʒəwəl. aɪ θɔt ɪt wɑz bɪˈkəz aɪ eɪt ə ˈlɪtəl mɔr fər lənʧ ənd ˈbrɛkfəst ðə deɪ ˌbiˈfɔr, bət naʊ aɪ θɪŋk bɪˈkəz aɪ pʊt ɔn mɔr ˈməsəl sɪns maɪ læst faɪt. gʊd! aɪ hæd bɪn traɪɪŋ tɪ bəlk əp ə ˈlɪtəl mɔr. ˈweɪtɪŋ əraʊnd tɪ du ˈmɛdɪkəl ʧɛks, ˌɑnˈdreɪə geɪv mi ə gɪft! ə ˈjoʊdə bɑks! aɪ ləv ɪt! soʊ təʧt ʃi geɪv ɪt tɪ mi ənd aɪ ləv ˈjoʊdə soʊ jæ. aɪ ˈkɛrid ɪt wɪθ mi ɔn maɪ læp fər laɪk ən aʊər. lɔl ðə ðɛmˈsɛlvz wər əˈmeɪzɪŋ! ˈvərsəz li ɪn ðə bæk! aɪ kɛpt ˈdrɑpɪŋ maɪ fænz ɪn ˈpræktɪs bɪˈkəz aɪ fɛlt wik frəm ðə weɪt kət, soʊ aɪ wɑz ə ˈlɪtəl ˈwərid, bət aɪ! wɪn ðeɪ kɔld mi, wɔkt aʊt fərst tɪ sɛt ðə steɪʤ, ənd ðɛn aɪ dɪd. ˈæftər aɪ hæd tɪ rən tɪ maɪ rum tɪ gɪt ˈsəmθɪŋ, bət aɪ hæd tɪ bi bæk fər ðə rulz ˈmitɪŋ, soʊ aɪ blu baɪ ˈɛvriˌbɑdi traɪɪŋ tɪ tɔk tɪ ˈprɑmptli kəˈlaɪdɪd wɪθ ˈsəmˌwən ɪn ə ˈskɔrpiən ˈkɑstum?!? wɪθ bɪg ˈbʊʃi hɛr ðət lʊkt səˈspɪʃəsli laɪk serena’s*?! ənd ðɛn ˈsəmˌbɑdi ɪn ə blu ˈkɑstum aɪ ˈrɛkəgˌnaɪz, ənd ðɛn rɑb wɪθ ““johnny”*” ˈrɪtən ɪn ˈmɑrkər əˈkrɔs hɪz ðɛn aɪ ˈriəˌlaɪzd ɔl maɪ frɛndz əraɪvd ənd drɛst əp laɪk ˈmɔrtəl ˈkɑmbæt ˈkɛrɪktərz. omg*. ləv ənd wɔrmθ ɪkˈsploʊdɪd ənd floʊd ˈoʊvər mi ənd θru maɪ hɑrt laɪk swit ˈlɑvə. ðeɪ nɑt ˈoʊnli spɛnt ˈməni tɪ flaɪ ɪn ʤɪst tɪ si mi faɪt frəm ɔl ˈoʊvər ðə ˈkəntri, bət ðeɪ spɛnd wiks ɪn ˌprɛpərˈeɪʃən tɪ meɪk ˈkɑstumz tɪ səˈpɔrt mi??! waʊ!! wɪn aɪ gɑt bæk, wi ɔl gɑt ˈpɪkʧərz. (klɪk tɪ ˌɛnˈlɑrʤ!) ˈkændi meɪk bət ʃi priˈpɛrd ə ˈkɑstum! wət əˈmeɪzɪŋ frɛndz aɪ hæv. wi həŋ aʊt æt ˈdɪnər təˈgɛðər. faɪt deɪ wɑz faɪt deɪ. aɪ həŋ aʊt baɪ ˌmaɪˈsɛlf ə bɪt, wɪθ ˈʤeɪmi ə bɪt, mɛt ˈkændi ənd ləz hu flu ɪn ðət deɪ, wɛnt aʊt fər fud wɪθ ɑr ʤɑn ənd tɑm. traɪd nɑt tɪ gɪt ə ˈnərvəs ˈstəmək. ðə faɪt dɪd nɑt goʊ ɛz aɪ hæd ɪkˈspɛktɪd. ɪn ˈpriviəs ˈvɪdioʊz, ˌmɑriˈænə rəʃt æt hər əˈpoʊnənt ənd wɑz ˈvɛri əˈgrɛsɪv ˈfɔrwərd ənd θru ə lɔt əv straɪks. ənd ə lɔt əv kɪks ɪn ə roʊ. soʊ aɪ wɑz ˈplænɪŋ tɪ steɪ ʤɪst aʊt əv reɪnʤ əv kɪks, ər stɛp ɪn ənd ðɛn pʊl bæk tɪ drɔ aʊt hər kɪks. ðət wərkt, ˈæˌkʧuəli, ənd 90 əv hər kɪks mɪst mi. wən kɔt mi ɪn ðə hɛd bət maɪ hænd wɑz ðɛr soʊ ɪt fil tu bæd, ənd aɪ eɪt ə ˈkəpəl əv lɛg kɪks. aɪ wɑz ˈweɪtɪŋ fər hər tɪ rəʃ mi bət ʃi ˈnɛvər dɪd, soʊ aɪ ˈɛndɪd əp ˈpʊʃɪŋ ɪt. wɪn ʃi gɑt mi ɪn ən lɑk, aɪ θɔt ʃi wɑz duɪŋ tɪ du səm ˈʤuˌdoʊ θroʊ, bət aɪ dɪˈfɛndɪd ɪt ənd wɛnt fər ə θroʊ əv maɪ oʊn, ˈθɪŋkɪŋ, noʊ weɪ lɛt mi ˈʤuˌdoʊ θroʊ aɪ dɪd. ju θɪŋk əˈbaʊt ɪt, aɪ ˈstɑrtɪd teɪ kwɑn du wɪn aɪ wɑz 13 ənd ˈɔlˌmoʊst 33 naʊ. ðət minz bɪn duɪŋ ˈmɑrʃəl ɑrts fər 20 jɪrz. maɪ əˈpoʊnənt ɪz 20 soʊ ðət minz bɪn duɪŋ ˈmɑrʃəl ɑrts fər ɛz lɔŋ ɛz bɪn əˈlaɪv. bət ju ˈnɛvər noʊ! aɪ bit ˈʤɛnəfər haʊ wɪn aɪ wɑz ənd 21 jɪrz oʊld, ənd ʃi wɑz aɪ θɪŋk ˈərli ˈθərtiz ənd ðɪs gərl ˈklɑbərd mi. ˈʤuli sɛd ɛz ʃi commentated*, lʊks laɪk ˌrɑkˈsæn ɪz ˈməsəlɪŋ ˌmɑriˈænə əraʊnd! nɑt juzd tɪ siɪŋ hər bi ˈstrɔŋgər ðən ən opponent!”*!” ðət kʊd ˈɔlˌmoʊst bi ə dɪs ɪkˈsɛpt ˈtoʊtəli tru. ðət krækt mi ənd ʤɑn əp. tu əv hʊks meɪd mi si stɑrz, bət aɪ ˈsərkəld ənd rɪˈkəvərd. aɪ gɑt maʊnt ənd ɔl sɔrts əv tɔp pəˈzɪʃənz ənd traɪd tɪ ˈfɪnɪʃ ðə faɪt wɪθ ˈpənʧɪz ənd ˈɛlˌboʊz, bət ɪt simd laɪk ˈɛvəri taɪm aɪ wɑz ˈgɪtɪŋ ə gʊd ˈfləri goʊɪŋ, taɪ əp ə hænd ənd pɔz ðə ˈækʃən ənd bɪg ʤɑn məˈkɑrθi stɑp ɪt. aɪ wɑz ˈpənʧɪŋ ɛz hɑrd ɛz aɪ kʊd, bət aɪ ˈfɪnɪʃ ðə faɪt! maɪ raɪt ˈɛlˌboʊ ɪz sˈwoʊlən frəm sˈmæʃɪŋ ɪt ˈɪntu hər skəl. aɪ wɑz ˈθɪŋkɪŋ, məʧ du aɪ hæv tɪ hɪt ðɪs pur gərl ˌbiˈfɔr ðə faɪt ɪz stopped?”*?” aɪ wɑz ˈhɪtɪŋ hər ʤɪst nɑt ““hard”*” ɪˈnəf tɪ meɪk ɪt sim ˈdeɪnʤərəs? aɪ traɪd tɪ kət hər wɪθ ə sˈlaɪsɪŋ ˈɛlˌboʊ. ʃi wɑz dɪˈflɛktɪŋ ə lɔt. (ˈɛdət: aɪ θɪŋk naʊ bɪˈkəz ʃi kɛpt ˈfaɪtɪŋ bæk ənd ˈnɛvər fər ə ˈsɛkənd geɪv əp. ʃi ˈnɛvər tərnd əˈweɪ ənd stɑpt dɪˈfɛndɪŋ, soʊ waɪ ðə rɛf lɛt ɪt goʊ. soʊ təf! aɪ rɪˈspɛkt ðət.) soʊ aɪ heɪt ˈɔlˌweɪz dɪsˈlaɪkt ˈɛlˌboʊz. ˈrəðər gɪt ə səbˈmɪʃən. aɪ wɔnt tɪ du θɪŋz ðət kɔz peɪn tɪ maɪ əˈpoʊnənt ɪf aɪ hæv tɪ aɪ wɔnt tɪ meɪk ðɛm gɪv əp. ʤɪst maɪ bɪˈlif, ˌpərsəˈnælɪti, ənd staɪl ɛz ə ˈmɑrʃəl ˈɑrtɪst. bət ɪn maɪ læst faɪt əˈgɛnst ˈpɔrtoʊ, hər ˈpənʧɪz meɪd maɪ feɪs swɛl əp soʊ məʧ ðət aɪ wɔnt maɪ mɑm tɪ si maɪ ˈbəstɪd əp feɪs. aɪ lɪv wɪθ maɪ mɑm ənd aɪ nu ʃi wʊd fil peɪn ˈlʊkɪŋ æt mi. ɪt meɪd mi ˈæŋgri tɪ lʊk ɪn ðə ˈmɪrər. ˈæŋgri ðət maɪ mɑm hæd tɪ bi hərt bɪˈkəz ʃi ləvz mi ənd aɪ du ɪˈnəf ɪn ðə faɪt. soʊ aɪ meɪd ə ˈhɑrdənd ˌɪnˈsaɪd maɪ ʧɛst ðət aɪ wɑz goʊɪŋ tɪ ˈɛlˌboʊ ðə aʊt əv maɪ nɛkst əˈpoʊnənt. wɛl, aɪ hæd ðət ˌɑpərˈtunəti. wɪn ʃi tərnd ˈoʊvər ənd geɪv mi hər bæk, oʊld ˈrɑksi maɪt hæv wərkt fər ə səbˈmɪʃən, bət aɪ ʤɪst kɛpt ˈhɪtɪŋ hər. ənd aɪ θɔt ˈmeɪbi ɪf ˈstɑrtɪd ˈjɛlɪŋ, ðə rɛf wʊd stɑp ðə faɪt. ˈjɛlɪŋ meɪks ju ˈstrɔŋgər, ðoʊ! ɪn moʊst anime*, anyway…*… ˈfaɪnəli ɪn raʊnd 3 hi stɑpt ɪt ənd geɪv mi ðə ˈvɪktəri. ˈnɛvər wən ðət wɑz ˌbiˈfɔr ənd ɪt wɑz nis, bət aɪ wɪʃt aɪ hæv tɪ du ðət fər soʊ lɔŋ. aɪ wɔnt ə klin koʊ! ər səb. bət glæd ðət aɪ wɑz ˈeɪbəl tɪ ʃoʊ ðət aɪ kən bi ə ˈdɑmənənt ˈfaɪtər. aɪ wərkt ˈɛlˌboʊz ə lɔt ɪn ˈpræktɪs, ˈɔlsoʊ frəm gɑrd. soʊ ˈrɪli ˈhæpi ðət aɪ gɑt tɪ traɪ wət aɪ ˈpræktɪst. ˈɔlsoʊ ɪn ˈmuvɪŋ tɪ əˈvɔɪd kɪks, ənd gɑrd dɪd ə lɔt əv wət aɪ ˈpræktɪst. waɪ aɪ faɪt! ˈvɛri plizd wɪθ maɪ ˈvɪktəri. noʊ ˈmərsi. ɪn ðə faɪt ˈbɪznɪs, wi stɛp ɔn ˈəðər drimz tɪ riʧ ɑr oʊn. θæŋks tɪ koʊʧ ʤɑn wʊd ənd tim ˈsɪndɪkət səˈpɔrtɪŋ mi ənd ˈnərʧərɪŋ mi, tərnd maɪ kərɪr əraʊnd. maɪ ˈæftər ˈpɑrti wɑz ˈfɪfˈtin ˈpipəl! frɛndz keɪm frəm ɔl ˈoʊvər ðə ˈjuˈɛs tɪ səˈpɔrt mi! aɪ ləv ju gaɪz soʊ məʧ!! sæd maɪ ˈtimˌmeɪts ˈʤeɪmi ənd lɪz lɔst dɪˈsɪʒənz, bət ðeɪ fɔt wɔrz ənd wɪl ˈoʊnli gɪt ˈstrɔŋgər! aɪ weɪt tɪ treɪn təˈgɛðər əˈgɛn sun! ˈʤeɪmi gɑt faɪt əv ðə naɪt!
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i had a fantastic time for many reasons.
i flew to kansas city on the same flight as teammates “lightning” liz mccarthy and john heath, and later jamie moyle came. on thursday, coach john arrived and we had media day. i dressed up like kitana from mortal kombat, and got john to dress up as subzero. we both rocked our costumes and it was just as cool as i had hoped.
images taken by scott hirano and the other photo team members cynthia vance and casey leydon.
i went in for my video interview, and then interviewer said to me, “so you’re fighting a judo specialist. what do you think?” i was like, “huh?”
so when i was researching her, i could barely find anything at all on my opponent mariana morais. i know she’s from brazil and doesn’t speak english, but i even shouted out to my brazilian friends and tried to google in portuguese but couldn’t find much. i found vidoes of her latest fights and watches those and i think we got a pretty good idea of her fighting style. there was nothing there that indicated judo. soo…..okay.
my friend serena flew in from philly and rob, from washington state!
in the evening, i hit mitts and felt amazing. nothing hurt. i think it’s the first time in years no body part hurt! thank you so much to my chiropractor dr. jake steckel and new trainer luke rooney for teaching me rehabilitation and strengthening exercises, and treating me. i’ve never felt so good!
the weight cut went alright. i feel like i suffered a little more than usual. i thought it was because i ate a little more for lunch and breakfast the day before, but now i think it’s because i put on more muscle since my last fight. that’s good! i had been trying to bulk up a little more.
waiting around to do medical checks, andrea gave me a gift! a yoda box! i love it! 😀 😀 so touched she gave it to me and i love yoda so yeah. i carried it with me on my lap for like an hour. lol
the weigh-ins themselves were amazing! 😀 😀 😀
roxy-kitana vs jinyufrey-chun li in the back!
i kept dropping my fans in practice because i felt weak from the weight cut, so i was a little worried, but i didn’t! 😀 when they called me, subzero-john walked out first to set the stage, and then i did.
after weigh-ins i had to run to my room to get something, but i had to be back for the rules meeting, so i blew by everybody trying to talk to me…and promptly collided with someone in a scorpion costume?!? with big bushy hair that looked suspiciously like serena’s?! and then somebody in a blue mortal-kombat-esque costume i didn’t recognize, and then shirtless rob with “johnny” written in marker across his chest…..and then i realized all my friends arrived and dressed up like mortal combat characters.
omg. love and warmth exploded and flowed over me and through my heart like sweet lava. they not only spent money to fly in just to see me fight from all over the country, but they spend weeks in preparation to make costumes to support me??! wow!!
when i got back, we all got pictures.
(click to enlarge!)
candy couldn’t make weigh-ins but she prepared a raiden costume!
what amazing friends i have.
we hung out at dinner together.
fight day was fight day. i hung out by myself a bit, with jamie a bit, met candy and luz who flew in that day, went out for food with our cornermen john and tom. tried not to get a nervous stomach.
the fight did not go as i had expected. in previous videos, mariana rushed at her opponent and was very aggressive forward and threw a lot of strikes. and a lot of kicks in a row. so i was planning to stay just out of range of kicks, or step in and then pull back to draw out her kicks. that worked, actually, and 90% of her kicks missed me. one caught me in the head but my hand was there so it didn’t feel too bad, and i ate a couple of leg kicks.
i was waiting for her to rush me but she never did, so i ended up pushing it. when she got me in an upperbody lock, i thought she was doing to do some judo throw, but i defended it and went for a throw of my own, thinking, there’s no way she’ll let me judo throw her….oops i did.
well…..if you think about it, i started tae kwon do when i was 13 and i’m almost 33 now. that means i’ve been doing martial arts for 20 years. my opponent is 20. so that means i’ve been doing martial arts for as long as she’s been alive. but you never know! i beat jennifer howe when i was 3-0 and 21 years old, and she was i think early thirties and 11-0. this girl coulda clobbered me.
julie said as she commentated, “it looks like roxanne is muscling mariana around! we’re not used to seeing her be stronger than an opponent!” hahahaha that could almost be a diss except it’s totally true. that cracked me and john up.
two of mariana’s hooks made me see stars, but i circled and recovered.
i got mount and all sorts of top positions and tried to finish the fight with punches and elbows, but it seemed like every time i was getting a good flurry going, she’d tie up a hand and pause the action and big john mccarthy wouldn’t stop it. i was punching as hard as i could, but i couldn’t finish the fight! ~_~
my right elbow is swollen from smashing it into her skull. i was thinking, “how much do i have to hit this poor girl before the fight is stopped?” i was hitting her just not “hard” enough to make it seem dangerous? wtf *sigh* i tried to cut her with a slicing elbow. she was deflecting a lot.
(edit: i think now it’s because she kept fighting back and never for a second gave up. she never turned away and stopped defending, so that’s why the ref let it go. she’s so tough! i respect that.)
so i hate that….i’ve always disliked elbows. i’d rather get a submission. i don’t want to do things that cause pain to my opponent if i don’t have to . i want to make them give up. that’s just my belief, personality, and style as a martial artist. but in my last fight against porto, her punches made my face swell up so much that i didn’t want my mom to see my busted up face. i live with my mom and i knew she would feel pain looking at me. it made me angry to look in the mirror. angry that my mom had to be hurt because she loves me and i couldn’t do enough in the fight. so i made a decision….something hardened inside my chest that i was going to elbow the sh*t out of my next opponent.
well, i had that opportunity. when she turned over and gave me her back, old roxy might have worked for a submission, but i just kept hitting her.
and i thought maybe if *i* started yelling, the ref would stop the fight. yelling makes you stronger, though! in most anime, anyway…
finally in round 3 he stopped it and gave me the tko victory.
i’ve never won that was before and it was nice, but i wished i didn’t have to do that for so long. 🙁 i want a clean ko! or sub. but i’m glad that i was able to show that i can be a dominant fighter. i worked elbows a lot in practice, also from guard. so i’m really happy that i got to try what i practiced. also in moving to avoid kicks, and guard work…..i did a lot of what i practiced. that’s why i fight! i’m very pleased with my victory. no mercy. in the fight business, we step on other people’s dreams to reach our own.
thanks to coach john wood and team syndicate supporting me and nurturing me, i’ve turned my career around.
my after party was fifteen people! friends came from all over the us to support me! i love you guys so much!!
i’m sad my teammates jamie and liz lost decisions, but they fought wars and will only get stronger! i can’t wait to train together again soon!
jamie got fight of the night!
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ˈrisərʧərz æt ˈhɑrvərd dɪd ə ˈklɛvər θɪŋ. ðeɪ kriˈeɪtɪd ə ʤaɪənt pleɪt ɔn wɪʧ tɪ groʊ bækˈtɪriə, ənd ˌɪnˈkludɪd ɪn ðə pleɪt ˌɪnˈkrisɪŋ ˌkɑnsənˈtreɪʃənz əv ən ˌæntibaɪˈɑtɪk ɛz ju muvd təˈwɔrd ðə ˈsɛnər. ðeɪ ðɛn ˈpleɪtɪd bækˈtɪriə ɔn ðə ˈaʊtər ˈɛʤɪz ənd meɪd ə ˈvɪdioʊ əv ðə bækˈtɪriə groʊɪŋ. ðə ɛnd rɪˈzəlt wɑz ə ˈvɪdioʊ ʃoʊɪŋ ðə ˌɛvəˈluʃən əv prəˈgrɛsɪv ˌæntibaɪˈɑtɪk rɪˈzɪstəns ɪn ðə bækˈtɪriə. ju kən ˈæˌkʧuəli si əˈdæptɪv ˌreɪdiˈeɪʃən, ɛz ðə bækˈtɪriə pʊʃ əp əˈgɛnst ðə ˈbaʊndəri tɪ ðə nɛkst haɪər ˌkɑnsənˈtreɪʃən əv ˌæntibaɪˈɑtɪks, ðɛn ˈməltəpəl loʊˈkeɪʃənz stɑrt tɪ spɔn nu ˈkɑləniz ˈsprɛdɪŋ ɪn ðə nɛkst zoʊn. ðə ˈrisərʧər meɪd səm mɔr nuɑnst ˌɑbzərˈveɪʃənz ɛz wɛl. fər ɪgˈzæmpəl, ðə bækˈtɪriəl groʊ sloʊd wɪθ nu mjuˈteɪʃənz, ˈminɪŋ ðeɪ ˈsækrəˌfaɪst ˈsəmθɪŋ wɪθ ðə rɪˈzɪstəns mjuˈteɪʃən, bət ðɛn ðeɪ spɛd əp əˈgɛn ɛz ðeɪ ˈfərðər ɪˈvɑlvd. ˈfərðər, ðə moʊst rɪˈzɪstənt bækˈtɪriə wər ˈɔfən nɑt æt ðə ˈlidɪŋ ɛʤ bət wər stək bɪˈhaɪnd lɛs rɪˈzɪstənt bækˈtɪriə. ðə ɪkˈspɛrəmənt rɪˈzəltɪd ɪn ən ˈɛksələnt ˌvɪʒwələˈzeɪʃən əv ˌɛvəˈluʃən ɪn ˈprɔˌsɛs. əv kɔrs, ðɪs wən pis əv ˈɛvədəns dɪz nɑt ““prove”*” ˈsəmθɪŋ ɛz ˈkɑmplɛks ənd fɑr ˈreɪnʤɪŋ ɛz ðə ˌɛvəˈluʃən əv laɪf ɔn ərθ. ɪt ɪz, ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ə nis ˌdɛmənˈstreɪʃən əv ˌɛvəˈluʃən æt wərk ɪn ə ˈlɪmɪtɪd ˈkɑntɛkst. ˈɛnər ðə ər ˌɛvəˈluʃən deniers*. ðeɪ dɪˈnaɪ, tɪ ˈvɛriɪŋ dɪˈgriz, ðə saɪəns əv ˌɛvəˈluʃən. æt ðə ɪkˈstrim ɛnd ər ðoʊz hu bɪˈliv ɪn ə ˈrisənt kriˈeɪʃən ənd ˈðɛrˌfɔr dɪˈnaɪ ˌɛvəˈluʃən kəmˈplitli. bət ðɛr ər ˈɔlsoʊ ðoʊz æt ðə ˈəðər ɛnd əv ðə ˈspɛktrəm hu ækˈnɑlɪʤ moʊst əv ˌɛvəˈluʃən bət rɪˈzərv wən ˈtaɪni slaɪs ðət rikˈwaɪərz dɪˈvaɪn ˌɪntərˈvɛnʃən. ɛz lɔŋ ɛz ðeɪ kən ˈdɛmənˌstreɪt ðət ðɛr ɪz wən ˈæˌspɛkt əv laɪf ðət ˌɛvəˈluʃən ˈkænɑt ɪkˈspleɪn, ðɛn ðeɪ hæv ˈpruvən gɑd ər ˌwəˈtɛvər ðeɪ ˌɪˈmæʤən ðə designer”*” tɪ bi. ˈmaɪkəl ˈɑkjəˌpaɪz ðɪs ˈlætər ɛnd əv ðə ˈspɛktrəm. ɪn hɪz ˈrisənt bʊk, ðə ɛʤ əv ˌɛvəˈluʃən, hi ækˈnɑlɪʤɪz ˈkɑmən dɪˈsɛnt, ə 4 ˈbɪljən jɪr ˈhɪstəri əv laɪf ɔn ərθ. ənd ˈivɪn mjuˈteɪʃənz ənd ˈnæʧərəl səˈlɛkʃən ɛz ðə ˈdraɪvərz əv ˌɛvəˈluʃən. bət, hi ˈɑrgjuz, səm ˌɛvəˈluʃəˌnɛri dɪˈvɛləpmənts wər tu ənˈlaɪkli tɪ ˈhæpən baɪ ʧæns ənd ˈðɛrˌfɔr rikˈwaɪərd ən ˌɪnˈtɛləʤənt dɪˈzaɪnər tɪ ɔˈkeɪʒənəˌli stɛp ɪn ənd meɪk spɪˈsɪfɪk mjuˈteɪʃənz ər ˌkɑmbəˈneɪʃənz əv mjuˈteɪʃənz ˈhæpən baɪ faɪæt. hi ɪz ɑˈbʤɛktɪvli rɔŋ, ənd həz bɪn kərˈɛktɪd ˈnumərəs taɪmz baɪ ˈsaɪəntɪsts, bət ðət stɑpt ɪm. ɪz naʊ ˈɑrgjuɪŋ ðət ðə ˈrisənt ˈhɑrvərd ˈstədi ɪz nɑt ˈɛvədəns fər ˌɛvəˈluʃən, bət ɪz ˈrəðər ““devolution”*” bɪˈkəz ðə əkˈwaɪərd mjuˈteɪʃənz du nɑt kriˈeɪt ˈɛniˌθɪŋ ðeɪ ʤɪst ““break”*” ɪgˈzɪstɪŋ ˈɛnˌzaɪmz. ɪz rɔŋ bɪˈkəz ðɛr ɪz noʊ səʧ θɪŋ ɛz ““devolution.”*.” ˌɛvəˈluʃən ɪz ˈsɪmpli ˈhɛrətəbəl ʧeɪnʤ, ˈɛni ʧeɪnʤ, ənd ðət ʧeɪnʤ kən kriˈeɪt mɔr kəmˈplɛksɪti ər mɔr sɪmˈplɪsɪti. ˈfərðər, ˈɔltərɪŋ ə ˈproʊˌtin dɪz nɑt ““degrade”*” ɪt ðət ˈnoʊʃən ɪz beɪst ɔn ðə fɔls ˈprɛmɪs ðət ðɛr ɪz ə ““correct”*” ˈsikwəns əv əˈminoʊ ˈæsədz ɪn ˈɛni ˌpɑˈtɪkjələr ˈproʊˌtin. ˌɛvəˈluʃən ʤɪst meɪks ˈproʊˌtinz ˈdɪfərənt. ˈproʊˌtinz pərˈfɔrm ““better”*” ər ““worse”*” ˈoʊnli ɪn soʊ məʧ ðət ðeɪ kənˈtrɪbjut tɪ ðə sərˈvaɪvəl ənd ˌriprəˈdəkʃən əv ðə ˌɪndəˈvɪʤəwəl. ɪf ɪt ɪz ˈbɛtər fər ðə sərˈvaɪvəl əv ðə ˈɔrgəˌnɪzəm fər ən ˈɛnˌzaɪm tɪ bi sloʊər, ðɛn ðə sloʊər ˈɛnˌzaɪm ɪz ˈbɛtər fər ðət ˈɔrgəˌnɪzəm. ðɪs ɪz ʤɪst wən əv ðə kənˈsɛpʧuəl mɪˈsteɪks ðət meɪks. kip ɪn maɪnd ðət həz ə ˈnɛrətɪv ˈpərpəs tɪ hɪz ˈmoʊtəˌveɪtəd ˈrizənɪŋ. hi wɔnts tɪ əraɪv æt ðə kənˈkluʒən ðət ˈrændəm mjuˈteɪʃənz ənd ˈnæʧərəl səˈlɛkʃən ər nɑt ˈkeɪpəbəl əv kriˈeɪtɪŋ laɪf ɛz wi si ɪt. ˈsəmθɪŋ ɛls ɪz rikˈwaɪərd. hir ɪz hɪz ˈlɑʤɪk (ɛz ˈdeɪvɪd ˈlɛvɪn ˈvɛri ˈnaɪsli hir): kriˈeɪtɪŋ ˈkɑmplɛks ˈstrəkʧərz ðət sərv ən əˈdæptɪv ˈpərpəs meɪ ˌrikˈwaɪər ˈməltəpəl ˌsaɪməlˈteɪniəs mjuˈteɪʃənz. ðə ˌprɑbəˈbɪləˌti əv ˈməltəpəl ˌsaɪməlˈteɪniəs mjuˈteɪʃənz ɪz smɔl, soʊ smɔl ðət ðeɪ ər ənˈlaɪkli tɪ əˈkər æt ˈɛni sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt reɪt ˈoʊvər ðə spæn əv laɪf ɔn ərθ. ðɪs ɪz ˈbeɪsɪkli hɪz kəmˈplɛksɪti ˈɑrgjəmənt. ɪt ɪz rɔŋ fər tu meɪn ˈrizənz. ðə fərst ɪz ˈbeɪsɪkli ðə ˈlɑtəri ˈfæləsi kənˈsɪdərɪŋ ðə ɑdz əv ʤɑn smɪθ ˈwɪnɪŋ ðə ˈlɑtəri baɪ ʧæns əˈloʊn ənd kənˈkludɪŋ ɪt kʊd nɑt hæv ˈhæpənd baɪ ʧæns. ˈrəðər, ju ʃʊd kənˈsɪdər ðə ɑdz ðət ˈɛniˌwən wʊd wɪn ðə ˈlɑtəri. ðɪs ɪz ˈæˌkʧuəli ˈprɪti gʊd. lʊks æt laɪf ɔn ərθ ənd æsks wət ər ðə ɑdz ðət ðɪs spɪˈsɪfɪk ˈpæθˌweɪ ər ˈproʊˌtin ər ˌwəˈtɛvər ɪˈvɑlvd baɪ ʧæns əˈloʊn. hi ɪz ˈfeɪlɪŋ tɪ kənˈsɪdər ðət ðɛr meɪ hæv bɪn ˈbɪljənz əv ˈpɑsəbəl səˈluʃənz ər ˈpæθˌweɪz daʊn wɪʧ ðət ˈænˌsɛstərz kʊd hæv ɪˈvɑlvd. ˈspiʃiz ðət feɪld tɪ əˈdæpt ˈiðər ˈmaɪˌgreɪtɪd tɪ ən ɪnˈvaɪrənmənt ɪn wɪʧ ðeɪ kʊd sərˈvaɪv, ər ðeɪ wɛnt ɪkˈstɪŋkt. ɪn ˈəðər wərdz, ʃʊd nɑt bi ˈæskɪŋ wət ðə ɑdz ər ðət ðɪs bɪt əv kəmˈplɛksɪti ɪˈvɑlvd, bət ˈrəðər wət ər ðə ɑdz ðət ˈɛni kəmˈplɛksɪti ɪˈvɑlvd. ɪt ɪz ˈdɪfəkəlt tɪ noʊ ðə ˈnəmbər əv pəˈtɛnʃəl kəmˈplɛksɪtiz ðət ˈnɛvər ɪˈvɑlvd ðət ˈnəmbər meɪ dwɔrf ðə ɑdz əv ˈɛni wən bɪt ɪˈvɑlvɪŋ. raɪt ðɛr ɪnˈtaɪər ˈprɛmɪs ɪz dɪˈmɑlɪʃt, bət hi meɪks ˈfərðər mɪˈsteɪks. ɪn hɪz bʊk hi ˈjuzɪz ɛz ə ˈkɔrnərˌstoʊn əv hɪz ˈɑrgjəmənt ðə ˌɛvəˈluʃən əv rɪˈzɪstəns ɪn ðə ˈpɛrəˌsaɪt ðət ˈkɔzɪz məˈlɛriə. hɪz bɪg ˈɑrgjəmənt ɪz ðət səʧ rɪˈzɪstəns rikˈwaɪərz ðə ˌsaɪməlˈteɪniəs əˈkərəns əv tu mjuˈteɪʃənz. waɪl ðɪs ɪz ˈvɛri ənˈlaɪkli, ðə ˈvɛri ʃɔrt laɪf ˈsaɪkəl ənd greɪt ˈnəmbərz əv ˈpɛrəˌsaɪts minz ðət ɪt wɪl ˈhæpən ɔˈkeɪʒənəˌli baɪ ʧæns. ˈvərtəˌbreɪts, ˌhaʊˈɛvər, hæv ə məʧ sloʊər laɪf ˈsaɪkəl ənd loʊər ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃən ˈnəmbərz. ˈðɛrˌfɔr (ənd ðɪs ɪz ˈbeɪsɪkli wət ðə ɪnˈtaɪər bʊk ɪz əˈbaʊt) ˈnəθɪŋ mɔr ˈkɑmplɛks ðən rɪˈzɪstəns kʊd hæv ɪˈvɑlvd θru ˌdɑrˈwɪniən ˈprɑsɛsəz əˈloʊn. ˈkeɪsi ˈləskɪn, ˈraɪtɪŋ fər ðə ˌprɑpəˈgændə blɔg ˌɛvəˈluʃən nuz ənd vjuz, proʊˈkleɪmz ðət həz bɪn ˈpruvən raɪt ɔl əˈlɔŋ bɪˈkəz ə ˈpeɪpər keɪm aʊt ʃoʊɪŋ ðət rɪˈzɪstəns dɪz ˌɪnˈdid ˌrikˈwaɪər tu mjuˈteɪʃənz, ˌɔlˈðoʊ ðɛr ər tu ˈpɑsəbəl fɔrmz əv ðə ˈsɛkənd mjuˈteɪʃən (soʊ hi wɑz ˈoʊnli raɪt). ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ðɪs ˈmɪsɪz ðə pɔɪnt ɪnˈtaɪərli, ɛz ˈləskɪn ɪz ˈfeɪməs fər duɪŋ. ðɛr ər æt list ə ˈkəpəl əv weɪz ɪn wɪʧ ˈfəŋkʃənz ðət ˌrikˈwaɪər ˈməltəpəl mjuˈteɪʃənz kən əˈkər θru ˈrændəm ˈprɑsɛsəz. ðə fərst ɪz wɪn iʧ mjuˈteɪʃən prəˈvaɪdz ə smɔl səkˈwɛnʃəl ædˈvæntɪʤ. ðɪs ɪz wət dɪˈstrɔɪd ɪgˈzæmpəlz əv kəmˈplɛksɪti, ɛz ˈsɪmpələr ˈvərʒənz əv ˈstrəkʧərz kən stɪl ˈfəŋkʃən wɛl ɪˈnəf tɪ prəˈvaɪd səm sərˈvaɪvəl ædˈvæntɪʤ. ðɛr ɪz ˈɔlsoʊ ðə fækt, ˌɔlˈðoʊ ˌənrɪˈleɪtɪd (ɛz fɑr ɛz wi noʊ) tɪ ðə ˈkɑrənt ɪgˈzæmpəl əv rɪˈzɪstəns, ðət ˈsɪmpələr ˈstrəkʧərz kʊd hæv sərvd əˈnəðər ˈpərpəs ɪnˈtaɪərli ənd ðɛn wər tɪ ðɛr ˈkɑrənt ˈfəŋkʃən. ˈsɪmpələr aɪz stɪl ˈfəŋkʃən ɛz laɪt rəˈsɛptərz, ənd ˈsɪmpələr wɪŋz kʊd hæv sərvd ɛz dɪˈspleɪz, ər fər ˈglaɪdɪŋ ər ˈtræpɪŋ preɪ. ðə ˈsɛkənd weɪ ɪn wɪʧ ˈlɑʤɪk feɪlz ðət ɪz dɪˈrɛkli rɪˈleɪtɪd tɪ ðə ˈkɑrənt ɪgˈzæmpəl ɪz ðət ˌɛvəˈluʃən ˌɪnˈvɑlvd mɔr ðən ˈnæʧərəl səˈlɛkʃən. ðɛr ɪz ˈsəmθɪŋ kɔld ʤəˈnɛtɪk drɪft mjuˈteɪʃənz ˈhæpən ənd sprɛd θruaʊt ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃənz wɪˈθaʊt ˈɛni səˈlɛktɪv ˈprɛʃər biɪŋ ˌɪnˈvɑlvd æt ɔl. ɪn fækt, ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃənz əv ˈpɛrəˌsaɪts wɪθ wən əv ðə ˈnidɪd mjuˈteɪʃənz hæv bɪn aɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪd. ðɛn, wɪˈθɪn ðoʊz subpopulations*, ʤɪst wən mɔr mjuˈteɪʃən ɪz ˈnidɪd tɪ kənˈfər rɪˈzɪstəns. ðɪs minz ðət wɑz ɑˈbʤɛktɪvli rɔŋ. ˈðɛrˌfɔr ju kən hæv səkˈwɛnʃəl mjuˈteɪʃən wɛˈnɛvər wən mjuˈteɪʃən kənˈfərz ˈɛni ædˈvæntɪʤ, ər ˈsɪmpli θru ʤəˈnɛtɪk drɪft. ðɛr ɪz, əv kɔrs, ˈɔlsoʊ ðə naʊ ˌaɪˈkɑnɪk ɪgˈzæmpəl əv bækˈtɪriə ðət ɪˈvɑlvd ˈoʊvər tɛnz əv ˈθaʊzənz əv ˌʤɛnərˈeɪʃənz tɪ məˈtæbəˌlaɪz ɛz ə fud sɔrs. ðɪs rikˈwaɪərd ˈməltəpəl səkˈwɛnʃəl mjuˈteɪʃənz ðət əˈkərd baɪ ʧæns ɪn səm əv ðə ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃənz. ðiz ər ril wərld ɪgˈzæmpəlz əv ˈməltəpəl mjuˈteɪʃənz əˈkərɪŋ rɪˈzəltɪŋ ɪn spɪˈsɪfɪk əˈdæptɪv ʧeɪnʤ. ðeɪ dɪˈspruv ˈθiˌsɪs. kənˈkluʒən ˌɛvəˈluʃəˌnɛri saɪəns ɪz ə roʊˈbəst ˈdɪsəplən wɪθ ˈmɛni ˈsaɪəntɪsts əraʊnd ðə wərld duɪŋ ˈrisərʧ ənd ɪnˈgeɪʤɪŋ wɪθ iʧ ˈəðər tɪ ˈfɪgjər aʊt ɔl ðə kəmˈplɛksɪtiz ənd ˈnuɑnsɪz əv wət ɪz ə ˈvɛri ˈkɑmplɛks ˈprɔˌsɛs ðət əˈkərd ˈoʊvər ˈbɪljənz əv jɪrz., ˈivɪn ðoʊz hu ər traɪɪŋ tɪ bi ˌsaɪənˈtɪfɪkəli rɪˈspɛktəbəl, laɪk, ər ˈsɪmpli nɑt ɪnˈgeɪʤɪŋ wɪθ ðə kəmˈjunɪti. ðeɪ ər ˈmeɪkɪŋ ˈɑrgjəmənts ðət ər ˈlɑʤɪkli ənd ˈfækʧuəli rɪfˈjutɪd, bət ðeɪ feɪl tɪ əˈdæpt tɪ ˈvælɪd ˈkrɪtɪˌsɪzəm. ðət ɪz bɪˈkəz ðeɪ ər nɑt ɪnˈgeɪʤd ɪn ˈʤɛnjuˌaɪn saɪəns, bət ɪn ˈmoʊtəˌveɪtəd ˈrizənɪŋ.
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researchers at harvard did a clever thing. they created a giant plate on which to grow bacteria, and included in the plate increasing concentrations of an antibiotic as you moved toward the center. they then plated bacteria on the outer edges and made a time-lapse video of the bacteria growing.
the end result was a video showing the evolution of progressive antibiotic resistance in the bacteria. you can actually see adaptive radiation, as the bacteria push up against the boundary to the next higher concentration of antibiotics, then multiple locations start to spawn new colonies spreading in the next zone.
the researcher made some more nuanced observations as well. for example, the bacterial grow slowed with new mutations, meaning they sacrificed something with the resistance mutation, but then they sped up again as they further evolved. further, the most resistant bacteria were often not at the leading edge but were stuck behind less resistant bacteria.
the experiment resulted in an excellent visualization of evolution in process. of course, this one piece of evidence does not “prove” something as complex and far ranging as the evolution of life on earth. it is, however, a nice demonstration of evolution at work in a limited context.
enter the creationists
creationists are evolution deniers. they deny, to varying degrees, the science of evolution. at the extreme end are those who believe in a recent creation and therefore deny evolution completely. but there are also those at the other end of the spectrum who acknowledge most of evolution but reserve one tiny slice that requires divine intervention. as long as they can demonstrate that there is one aspect of life that unguided evolution cannot explain, then they have proven god or whatever they imagine the “intelligent designer” to be.
michael behe occupies this latter end of the spectrum. in his recent book, the edge of evolution, he acknowledges common descent, a 4 billion year history of life on earth. and even mutations and natural selection as the drivers of evolution.
but, he argues, some evolutionary developments were too unlikely to happen by chance and therefore required an intelligent designer to occasionally step in and make specific mutations or combinations of mutations happen by fiat. he is objectively wrong, and has been corrected numerous times by scientists, but that hasn’t stopped him.
behe is now arguing that the recent harvard study is not evidence for evolution, but is rather “devolution” because the acquired mutations do not create anything they just “break” existing enzymes.
behe is wrong because there is no such thing as “devolution.” evolution is simply heritable change, any change, and that change can create more complexity or more simplicity. further, altering a protein does not “degrade” it – that notion is based on the false premise that there is a “correct” sequence of amino acids in any particular protein.
evolution just makes proteins different. proteins perform “better” or “worse” only in so much that they contribute to the survival and reproduction of the individual. if it is better for the survival of the organism for an enzyme to be slower, then the slower enzyme is better for that organism.
this is just one of the conceptual mistakes that behe makes. keep in mind that behe has a narrative purpose to his motivated reasoning. he wants to arrive at the conclusion that random mutations and natural selection are not capable of creating life as we see it. something else is required.
here is his logic (as david levin deconstructed very nicely here): creating complex structures that serve an adaptive purpose may require multiple simultaneous mutations. the probability of multiple simultaneous mutations is vanishingly small, so small that they are unlikely to occur at any significant rate over the span of life on earth.
this is basically his irreducible complexity argument. it is wrong for two main reasons. the first is basically the lottery fallacy – considering the odds of john smith winning the lottery by chance alone and concluding it could not have happened by chance. rather, you should consider the odds that anyone would win the lottery. this is actually pretty good.
behe looks at life on earth and asks – what are the odds that this specific pathway or protein or whatever evolved by chance alone. he is failing to consider that there may have been billions of possible solutions or pathways down which that creature’s ancestors could have evolved. species that failed to adapt either migrated to an environment in which they could survive, or they went extinct.
in other words, behe should not be asking what the odds are that this bit of complexity evolved, but rather what are the odds that any complexity evolved. it is difficult to know the number of potential complexities that never evolved – that number may dwarf the odds of any one bit evolving.
right there behe’s entire premise is demolished, but he makes further mistakes. in his book he uses as a cornerstone of his argument the evolution of chloroquine resistance in the parasite that causes malaria. his big argument is that such resistance requires the simultaneous occurrence of two mutations. while this is very unlikely, the very short life cycle and great numbers of parasites means that it will happen occasionally by chance. vertebrates, however, have a much slower life cycle and lower population numbers.
therefore (and this is basically what the entire book is about) nothing more complex than chloroquine resistance could have evolved through darwinian processes alone.
casey luskin, writing for the propaganda blog evolution news and views, proclaims that behe has been proven right all along because a paper came out showing that chloroquine resistance does indeed require two mutations, although there are two possible forms of the second mutation (so he was only sort-of right). however, this misses the point entirely, as luskin is famous for doing.
there are at least a couple of ways in which functions that require multiple mutations can occur through random processes. the first is when each mutation provides a small sequential advantage. this is what destroyed behe’s examples of irreducible complexity, as simpler versions of structures can still function well enough to provide some survival advantage.
there is also the fact, although unrelated (as far as we know) to the current example of chloroquine resistance, that simpler structures could have served another purpose entirely and then were coopted to their current function. simpler eyes still function as light receptors, and simpler wings could have served as displays, or for gliding or trapping prey.
the second way in which behe’s logic fails that is directly related to the current example is that evolution involved more than natural selection. there is something called genetic drift – mutations happen and spread throughout populations without any selective pressure being involved at all. in fact, populations of parasites with one of the needed mutations have been identified. then, within those subpopulations, just one more mutation is needed to confer resistance. this means that behe was objectively wrong.
therefore – you can have sequential mutation whenever one mutation confers any advantage, or simply through genetic drift.
there is, of course, also the now iconic example of lenski’s bacteria that evolved over tens of thousands of generations to metabolize citrate as a food source. this required multiple sequential mutations that occurred by chance in some of the populations.
these are real world examples of multiple mutations occurring resulting in specific adaptive change. they disprove behe’s thesis.
conclusion
evolutionary science is a robust discipline with many scientists around the world doing research and engaging with each other to figure out all the complexities and nuances of what is a very complex process that occurred over billions of years.
creationists, even those who are trying to be scientifically respectable, like behe, are simply not engaging with the community. they are making arguments that are logically and factually refuted, but they fail to adapt to valid criticism.
that is because they are not engaged in genuine science, but in motivated reasoning.
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ˈgɪtɪŋ ðə ˈdætə frəm dwɔrf ˈfɔrtrəs: ˈɛnər ˈlɛʤəndz moʊd. ɪf ju ər ɔˈrɛdi pleɪɪŋ ə fɔrt ər ədˈvɛnʧər ɔn ðə seɪv ju wɔnt tɪ juz, ju nid tɪ: 1 meɪk ə ˈkɑpi əv jʊr seɪv! 2 əˈbændən jʊr ɔn ðə ˈkɑpi 3 ˈɛnər ˈlɛʤəndz ɔn ðə ˈkɑpi 1 2 əˈbændən jʊr ɔn ðə ˈkɑpi 3 ˈɛnər ˈlɛʤəndz ɔn ðə ˈkɑpi ˈɛkspɔrt ðə ˌɛkˌsɛˈmɛl (ɛks). ˈɛkspɔrt ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən (pi). ˈɛkspɔrt dɪˈteɪld mæp (di) ˈstændərd mæp. ər juz ðə mæp ɪkˈspɔrtəd frəm stɛp 3 ər juz ðə mæp ɪkˈspɔrtəd frəm stɛp 3 (ˈɔpʃənəl) faɪlz (ˈɔpʃənəl) ˈɛkspɔrt əˈdɪʃənəl dɪˈteɪld mæps ˈoʊpənɪŋ ðə ˈdætə wɪθ ˈlɛʤəndz vjuər ˈjuzɪŋ ˈlɛʤəndz vjuər θɪŋz tɪ noʊt ˌɛkˌsɛˈmɛl dəmp ɪz ˌɪnkəmˈplit! ˈɛniˌwɛr ðət ðɛr ər ˈditeɪlz lɛft aʊt aɪ ˈnoʊtɪd wɪθ "ənˈnoʊn" ˌhaʊˈɛvər ɪf ju si "ˌɪnˈvæləd" ˈɛni ðɛn ɪts ə bəg ðət nidz tɪ bi fɪkst. ˈdupləˌkeɪt hɪˈstɔrɪkəl ˈfɪgjərz ˈɛntɪtiz ɪn ˈsəməri lɔg ˈɪndəˌkeɪt ðət riˈleɪʃənz fər ˈdjupləˌkeɪts meɪ nɑt bi ˈsɛˌtəp ˈprɑpərli ju wɪl hæv tɪ ʧɛk faɪlz tɪ vju ðiz riˈleɪʃənz. ˈbɪgər wərldz wɪl pərˈfɔrm sloʊər. səm ˈpeɪʤɪz wɪθ ə lɔt əv ækˈtɪvɪti kən teɪk ə fju ˈsɛkəndz tɪ loʊd. bi ˈkɛrfəl ɪn ðə ˈɪrə tæb wɪθ ɪˈvɛnts ənd ˈɪrə lɛŋθ, ɔl ɪˈvɛnts ər ˈfɪltərd aʊt baɪ dɪˈfɔlt. səˈlɛktɪŋ tu ˈmɛni ɪˈvɛnts ənd ə ˈlɛŋθi ˈɪrə kən rɪˈzəlt ɪn əv ˈmɛməri biɪŋ juzd ənd kən teɪk səm taɪm tɪ ˈʤɛnərˌeɪt ðə peɪʤ. rikˈwaɪərz .nɛt 4 (http://www.microsoft.com/downloads/en/details.aspx?familyid=9cfb2d51-5ff4-4491-b0e5-b386f32c0992&displaylang=en*) ˈɑrˌkaɪv səˈpɔrt ɪf ˈɪmɪʤɪz ˈɑrənt ʃoʊɪŋ əp ɪn ˈpeɪʤɪz ər ˈnævəˌgeɪtɪŋ ˈpeɪʤɪz ˈdəzənt wərk traɪ ˈəpˌdeɪtɪŋ ˈɪntərˌnɛt ɪkˈsplɔrər tɪ ðə nuəst ˈvərʒən. ɪf ju ˈɛrərz waɪl ˈloʊdɪŋ faɪlz, fərst traɪ riˈstɑrtɪŋ dwɔrf ˈfɔrtrəs ənd ɔl ðə faɪlz. ɪf ɪt stɪl ˈhæpənz ˈæftər ðət ju kən sɛnd mi jʊr faɪlz ər wərld ʤɛn pərˈæmətərz ənd aɪ wɪl lʊk ˈɪntu ɪt. gɪt ɪt hir: sɔrs: ˈrɛkriˌeɪts ˈlɛʤəndz moʊd frəm ɪkˈspɔrtəd ˈdætə. ˈbraʊzər laɪk ˌnævəˈgeɪʃən, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ tæbz, əˈlaʊz tɪ ˈizəli vju ˈəðər baɪ ʤɪst ˈklɪkɪŋ neɪmz ɪn ðə ɪˈvɛnt lɔgz ər sərʧ lɪsts, ˈoʊpənz ə nu ðə ˌɛkˌsɛˈmɛl ər ˈɑrˌkaɪv fərst baɪ ˈprɛsɪŋ ðə ˈbətən nɛkst tɪ ðə ˌɛkˌsɛˈmɛl ˈɑrˌkaɪv tɛkst vjuər wɪl əˈtɛmpt tɪ ˌɔtəˈmætɪkli faɪnd ðə rɪˈmeɪnɪŋ ðə vjuər wɑz əˈneɪbəl tɪ ˈloʊˌkeɪt ə faɪl ɪt wɪl ˈɪndəˌkeɪt wɪʧ faɪlz baɪ ˈtərnɪŋ ðə tɛkst bɑks rɛd. ju wɪl ðɛn hæv tɪ ˈmænjuəli səˈlɛkt ðoʊz faɪlz baɪ ˈprɛsɪŋ ðə ˈbətən fər iʧ faɪlz ˈnidɪd ər (wɪʧ wɪl bi dəmpt ɪn ðə rut dwɔrf ˈfɔrtrəs ˈɪmɪʤ faɪl: vju ðə fər ˈditeɪlz ɔn haʊ tɪ juz ðə ˈvɛriəs wɪθ hæv ðiz faɪlz ɪn ðə faɪl ˈɛndɪŋ wɪθ ənd ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃənz faɪl ˈɛndɪŋ wɪθ ˈɪmɪʤ faɪlz ˈəðər faɪlz ɪn ðə ˈɑrˌkaɪv wɪl bi ˌɪgˈnɔrd wɪˈθaʊt ˈɛrər.
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getting the data from dwarf fortress:
enter legends mode. if you are already playing a fort or adventure on the save you want to use, you need to:
1. make a copy of your save!
2. abandon your fort/adventure on the copy
3. enter legends on the copy
1. 2. abandon your fort/adventure on the copy 3. enter legends on the copy export the xml (x).
export map/gen information (p).
export detailed map (d) > standard biome+site map.
or
use the ascii/tile map exported from step 3.
or use the ascii/tile map exported from step 3. (optional) archive/compress files
(optional) export additional detailed maps
opening the data with legends viewer
using legends viewer
things to note
xml dump is incomplete! anywhere that there are details left out i noted with "unknown" however if you see "invalid" any then its a bug that needs to be fixed.
duplicate historical figures / entities in summary log indicate that relations for duplicates may not be setup properly you will have to check history/site files to view these relations.
bigger worlds will perform slower. some pages with a lot of activity can take a few seconds to load. be careful in the era tab with events and era length, all events are filtered out by default. selecting too many events and a lengthy era can result in gbs of memory being used and can take some time to generate the page.
requires .net 4 (http://www.microsoft.com/downloads/en/details.aspx?familyid=9cfb2d51-5ff4-4491-b0e5-b386f32c0992&displaylang=en)
archive support
troubleshooting
if images aren't showing up in pages or navigating pages doesn't work try updating internet explorer to the newest version.
if you encouter errors while loading files, first try restarting dwarf fortress and re-export all the files. if it still happens after that you can send me your files or world gen parameters and i will look into it.
get it here: http://dffd.wimbli.com/file.php?id=3556 source: https://github.com/parker147/legends-viewer recreates legends mode from exported data. browser like navigation, including tabs, allows to easily view other people/places/entities by just clicking names in the event logs or search lists, ctrl+click opens a new tab.select the xml or archive first by pressing the "..." button next to the xml / archive text box.legends viewer will attempt to automatically find the remaining files.if the viewer was unable to locate a file it will indicate which files by turning the text box red. you will then have to manually select those files by pressing the "..." button for each file.the files needed are (which will be dumped in the root dwarf fortress directory)"save"-legends.xml"save"-world_history.txt"save"-world_sites_and_pops.txtmap image file: view the readme for details on how to use the various tools.-tested with (zip/7zip/rar)-must have these files in the archive-xml file-history file ending with "-world_history.txt"-sites and populations file ending with "-world_sites_and_pops.txt"-map image files (bmp/png/jpg/jpeg)-any other files in the archive will be ignored without error.
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ˈɛvəri taɪm iˈeɪn pɑrk tɔks əˈbaʊt hɪz sən ʤɑʃ hi noʊz hiz ɪn fər ə sˈlipləs naɪt. ˈroʊlɪŋ ˈoʊvər ɪn hɪz maɪnd ər ðə kˈwɛsʧənz ðət, ˈivɪn ə jɪr ˈæftər hɪz ˈtiˌneɪʤ sən daɪd, stɪl rɪˈmeɪn ˌəˈnænsərd. ɛz ˈjɛstərˌdeɪ mɑrkt ðə ˌænəˈvərsəri əv dɛθ, ˈmɪstər pɑrk broʊk hɪz ˈsaɪləns, ˈædɪŋ ən ˈiˌmoʊʃənəl vɔɪs tɪ ˈmaʊntɪŋ kɔlz fər ðə ˈfɛdərəl ˈgəvərnmənt tɪ riˈlis ə rɪˈpɔrt ˈɪntu haʊ hɪz sən daɪd. "ðə rɪˈpɔrt woʊnt gɪv mi ˈkəmfərt ənd ˈkloʊʒər ɪn ˌmaɪˈsɛlf bɪˈkəz æt ðə ɛnd əv ðə deɪ aɪl ˈnɛvər gɪt ˈkloʊʒər," ˈmɪstər pɑrk sɛd. "ðə ˈsɪmpəl fækt ɪz ðət ɪt ˈʃʊdənt hæv ˈhæpənd ɪn ðə fərst pleɪs." ʤɑʃ ənd hɪz ˈməðər ˈʤɛni kənˈtrɪbjutɪd ʤɑʃ wɑz ɪn ə wərk fər ðə doʊl ˈproʊˌgræm æt ðə wɪn, ɔn ˈeɪprəl 19 læst jɪr, hi fɛl frəm ə ˈtræktər waɪl kəˈlɛktɪŋ bɪnz əraʊnd ðə graʊnz. hi ˈsəfərd ˈkrɪtɪkəl hɛd ˈɪnʤəriz ənd daɪd ɪn ˈhɑˌspɪtəl ə ʃɔrt taɪm ˈleɪtər. ˈmɪstər pɑrk sɛd wən əv ðə læst ˈmɛsɪʤɪz hi ˈɛvər rɪˈsivd frəm hɪz sən dɪˈteɪld hɪz kənˈsərnz əˈbaʊt ðə wərk ˈproʊˌgræm. "hi pæst səm dɪˈstərbɪŋ ˈkɑmɛnts tɪ mi əˈbaʊt (haʊ) hid ˈæˌkʧuəli ˈɪnʤərd hɪmˈsɛlf ˌbiˈfɔr," ˈmɪstər pɑrk sɛd. "hi toʊld mi ðət ˈvɛri ˈmɔrnɪŋ əˈbaʊt fɔr aʊərz ˌbiˈfɔr hi daɪd." >>haʊ ɪt ˈhæpənd: tin kɪld ɪn wərk fər doʊl ˈæksədənt ðə ˈfɛdərəl ˈgəvərnmənt lɔnʧt ən ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃən ˈɪntu dɛθ wɪʧ ɪz ˌəndərˈstʊd tɪ hæv bɪn kəmˈplitɪd wɪˈθɪn mənθs əv ðə ˈɪnsədənt. ɪt həz ˈnɛvər bɪn meɪd ˈpəblɪk dɪˈspaɪt ˈmaʊntɪŋ ˈprɛʃərz frəm ˈfɛdərəl ˌpɑləˈtɪʃənz ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ðə grinz ənd ə ˈmoʊʃən pʊt tɪ ðə ˈsɛnɪt ɪn mɑrʧ. ˌɑpəˈzɪʃən ˈspoʊksmən fər ɪmˈplɔɪmənt ənd ˈwərkˌpleɪs riˈleɪʃənz ˈbrɛndən oʊˈkɑnər sɛd ðə ˈfɛdərəl ˌɑpəˈzɪʃən hæd kɔld fər ðə rɪˈpɔrt tɪ bi meɪd ˈpəblɪk "ɔn 10 ɔˈkeɪʒənz". ðə ˈbɪgəst lɔs: iˈeɪn pɑrk tɔks əˈbaʊt ðə lɔs əv hɪz sən ʤɑʃ 12 mənθs əˈgoʊ. ˈwɛnzˌdeɪ 19 2017 ˈmædsən hi sɛd ðə ˈgəvərnmənt hæd feɪld tɪ ɪkˈspleɪn "tɪ ðə ˈpəblɪk wət ɪt həz dən tɪ ˌɪmˈpruv ˈwərkˌpleɪs ˈseɪfti" ɪn ðə ˈproʊˌgræm. "təˈdeɪ mɑrks wən jɪr sɪns ə jəŋ mæn ˈtræʤɪkli daɪd ɔn ə wərk fər ðə doʊl saɪt ɪn," ˈmɪstər oʊˈkɑnər sɛd ɪn ə ˈsteɪtmənt ˈjɛstərˌdeɪ. "wi æsk əˈgɛn ðə ˈtərnˌbʊl ˈgəvərnmənt tɪ riˈlis ðə rɪˈpɔrt ɛz ə ˈmætər əv ˈərʤənsi." ɔˈstreɪljən ˌənɛmˈplɔɪd ˈwərkərz ˈjunjən ˈprɛzɪdənt oʊən ˈbɛnɪt ˈjɛstərˌdeɪ dɪˈlɪvərd ən ˈoʊpən ˈlɛtər tɪ ˈfɛdərəl ɪmˈplɔɪmənt ˈmɪnɪstər kæʃ, ˈkɔlɪŋ fər ðə wərk fər ðə doʊl ˈproʊˌgræm tɪ bi skræpt. "wi kɔl ɔn ðə ˈtərnˌbʊl ˈgəvərnmənt tɪ riˈlis ðə rɪˈpɔrt ˈɪntu dɛθ ˈprɑmptli, ˈditeɪl ðə ˈækʃən ɪt ɪz ˈteɪkɪŋ tɪ ɪnˈʃʊr ðət ˈpipəlz hɛlθ ənd ˈseɪfti ər prəˈtɛktɪd ɪn ðɪs ˈproʊˌgræm, ənd əˈnaʊns ɪn ðə ˈbəʤɪt ðə rɪˈpleɪsmənt əv wərk fər ðə doʊl ənd ðə kəmˈjunɪti dɪˈvɛləpmənt ˈproʊˌgræm wɪθ ɪmˈplɔɪmənt skimz ðət meɪk ə ril ˈdɪfərəns tɪ ðə ʤɑb ˈprɑspɛkts əv ˌənɛmˈplɔɪd ˈpipəl," ðə ˈlɛtər rɛd. ðə ˈɔlsoʊ hɛld ˈræliz ɪn ˈmɛlbərn ənd ˈsɪdni ˈjɛstərˌdeɪ tɪ mɑrk ðə ˌænəˈvərsəri əv dɛθ. bət waɪl kɔlz tɪ skræp ðə ˈproʊˌgræm kənˈtɪnju, ˈfɑðər sɛd ɪt æt list ˈnidɪd tɪ bi rɪˈfɔrmd ənd rivˈjud tɪ prɪˈvɛnt ˈfərðər ˈtræʤədi. "ðɛrz noʊ ˈænsərz, noʊ rɪˈpɔrts tɪ seɪ wət wɑz ðə ˈlidɪŋ kɔz," ˈmɪstər pɑrk kænt si waɪ wi hæv tɪ si ðɪs rɪˈpɔrt wɪθˈhɛld ənd ðə truθ nɑt toʊld bɪˈkəz, æt ðə ɛnd əv ðə deɪ, wɪˈθaʊt ðə truθ, wɪr ˈnɛvər goʊɪŋ tɪ stɑp ðɪs. "aɪ ˈwʊdənt wɪʃ ðɪs ɔn maɪ wərst ˈɛnəmi." ə məˈmɔriəl ˈsərvɪs fər wɪl bi hɛld æt ˈnuˌtaʊn pɑrk ɪn frəm nun ɔn ˈsæˌtɪˌdeɪ. ˈjunjən kɔlz fər rɪˈpɔrt tɪ bi riˈlist ɔˈstreɪljən ˌənɛmˈplɔɪd ˈwərkərz ˈjunjən ˈprɛzɪdənt oʊən ˈbɛnɪt həz kɔld fər ðə wərk fər ðə doʊl ˈproʊˌgræm tɪ bi skræpt ɛz ðə ˈfɛdərəl ˈgəvərnmənt ɪz jɛt tɪ riˈlis ə rɪˈpɔrt ˈɪntu ˈtiˌneɪʤər ʤɑʃ dɛθ læst jɪr. æˈdrɛsɪŋ ə ˈpəblɪk ˈræli ˈjɛstərˌdeɪ, ˈmɪstər ˈbɛnɪt sɛd ðə wərks ˈproʊˌgræm, tɪ wɪʧ ðə ˈgəvərnmənt ˈərliər ðɪs mənθ sɛd ɪt wɑz kəˈmɪtɪd tɪ ˈfəndɪŋ ənd rɪˈteɪnɪŋ, wɑz "ˈdeɪnʤərəs ənd ˈpjunətɪv". "wərk fər ðə doʊl ɪz ə fɔrst ˈleɪbər ˈproʊˌgræm ðət dɪz nɑt hɛlp ˌənɛmˈplɔɪd ɔˈstreɪljənz ˈɪntu ˈdisənt ʤɑbz," hi sɛd. "wət ðiz ˈpipəl nid ɪz ˈgəvərnmənt ðət hɛlps ðɛm ˈɪntu ˈdisənt wərk, nɑt wən ðət ˈfɔrsɪz ðɛm tɪ wərk fər ˈnəθɪŋ. "wi dɪˈmænd ðət ðə ˈtərnˌbʊl ˈgəvərnmənt riˈlis ðə rɪˈpɔrt ˈɪntu dɛθ ənd ˌriˈpleɪs ðə ˈdeɪnʤərəs wərk fər ðə doʊl ənd kəmˈjunɪti dɪˈvɛləpmənt ˈproʊˌgræm wɪθ ˈækʃən ʤɑb kriˈeɪʃən ˈproʊˌgræmz." ən ˈɔnˌlaɪn pəˈtɪʃən ˈkɔlɪŋ fər ðə ˈgəvərnmənt tɪ riˈlis ðə rɪˈpɔrt ˈɪntu dɛθ həz geɪnd 970 ˈsɪgnəʧərz sɪns ɪt wɑz ˈstɑrtɪd ɪn mɑrʧ ðɪs jɪr.
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every time iain park talks about his son josh park-fing he knows he's in for a sleepless night.
rolling over in his mind are the questions that, even a year after his teenage son died, still remain unanswered.
as yesterday marked the 12-month anniversary of josh's death, mr park broke his silence, adding an emotional voice to mounting calls for the federal government to release a report into how his 18-year-old son died.
"the report won't give me comfort and closure in myself because at the end of the day i'll never get closure," mr park said.
"the simple fact is that it shouldn't have happened in the first place."
josh park-fing and his mother jenny fing contributed
josh was in a work for the dole program at the toowoomba showgrounds when, on april 19 last year, he fell from a tractor while collecting bins around the grounds.
he suffered critical head injuries and died in hospital a short time later.
mr park said one of the last messages he ever received from his son detailed his concerns about the work program.
"he passed some disturbing comments to me about (how) he'd actually injured himself before," mr park said.
"he told me that very morning ... about four hours before he died."
>>how it happened: teen killed in work for dole accident
the federal government launched an investigation into josh's death which is understood to have been completed within months of the incident.
it has never been made public despite mounting pressures from federal politicians including the greens and a motion put to the senate in march.
opposition spokesman for employment and workplace relations brendan o'connor said the federal opposition had called for the report to be made public "on 10 occasions".
the biggest loss: iain park talks about the loss of his son josh park-fing 12 months ago. wednesday apr 19, 2017. nev madsen
he said the government had failed to explain "to the public what it has done to improve workplace safety" in the program.
"today marks one year since a young man tragically died on a work for the dole site in toowoomba," mr o'connor said in a statement yesterday.
"we ask again the turnbull government to release the report as a matter of urgency."
australian unemployed workers union president owen bennett yesterday delivered an open letter to federal employment minister michaelia cash, calling for the work for the dole program to be scrapped.
"we call on the turnbull government to release the report into josh's death promptly, detail the action it is taking to ensure that people's health and safety are protected in this program, and announce in the budget the replacement of work for the dole and the community development program with employment schemes that make a real difference to the job prospects of unemployed people," the letter read.
the auwu also held rallies in melbourne and sydney yesterday to mark the anniversary of josh's death.
but while calls to scrap the program continue, josh's toowoomba-based father said it at least needed to be reformed and reviewed to prevent further tragedy.
"there's no answers, no reports to say what was the leading cause," mr park said."i can't see why we have to see this report withheld and the truth not told because, at the end of the day, without the truth, we're never going to stop this.
"i wouldn't wish this on my worst enemy."
a memorial service for will be held at newtown park in toowoomba from noon on saturday.
union calls for report to be released
australian unemployed workers union president owen bennett has called for the work for the dole program to be scrapped as the federal government is yet to release a report into toowoomba teenager josh park-fing's death last year.
addressing a public rally yesterday, mr bennett said the works program, to which the government earlier this month said it was committed to funding and retaining, was "dangerous and punitive".
"work for the dole is a forced labour program that does not help unemployed australians into decent jobs," he said.
"what these people need is government that helps them into decent work, not one that forces them to work for nothing.
"we demand that the turnbull government release the report into josh's death and replace the dangerous work for the dole and community development program with action job creation programs."
an online petition calling for the government to release the report into josh's death has gained 970 signatures since it was started in march this year.
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ðə ˈtaɪˌpeɪ əˈsæsənz hæv lɔŋ bɪn ðə tɔp dɔg ɪn ðə ˈtaɪwɑˈniz sin, soʊ ɪt ˈwəzənt ə səˈpraɪz wɪn ðeɪ wər ə ˈdɑmənənt fɔrs ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə fərst hæf əv ðə ˌɪˈnɔgərəl lig ˈmæstərz ˈsɪriz (lms*). waɪl ðeɪ fɛl twaɪs tɪ joʊ ˈæftər ðə mid-point*, ðə əˈsæsənz stɪl ˈɛnərd ðə pleɪɔfs wɪθ ə ˈrɛkərd, gʊd ɪˈnəf fər ˈsɛkənd pleɪs. ˈlidɪŋ ðə ʧɑrʤ həz bɪn ˈlɔŋˌtaɪm ˌsaʊˈθist ˈeɪʒə ˌɔlˈstɑr wɔŋ "chawy*" ʃɪŋ leɪ, hu tʊk ˈoʊvər ðɪs jɪr. aɪ gɑt ə ʧæns tɪ æsk ɪm əˈbaʊt hɪz rɪˈtərn tɪ ðə ˈstɑrtɪŋ ˈlaɪˌnəp, ðə, ənd hɪz hoʊps fər ðə pleɪɔfs. ɪn ˈeɪprəl wɪl bi jʊr fərst ˌænəˈvərsəri wɪθ ˈæftər ˈlivɪŋ ðə ˈsɪŋəˌpɔr ˈsɛntənəlz. waɪl wɪθ fər ðə ˈsəmər splɪt əv ðə ənd ðə wərld ˈʧæmpiənˌʃɪps, ju wər ə bɛnʧ pleɪər fər ðə moʊst pɑrt. haʊ dɪz ɪt fil tɪ rɪˈtərn tɪ ðə ˈstɑrtɪŋ ˈlaɪˌnəp?: əv kɔrs ɪt filz greɪt tɪ bi ɪn ðə ˈstɑrtɪŋ ˈlaɪˌnəp bɪˈkəz aɪ keɪm hir tɪ pleɪ, nɑt tɪ bi ə bɛnʧ ˈwɔrmər. (læfs) əv kɔrs ɪts greɪt tɪ bi ɪn ðə ˈstɑrtɪŋ ˈlaɪˌnəp bi ˈeɪbəl tɪ ˈʃoʊˌkeɪs maɪ skɪl ənd ʃoʊ ðə wərld wət əm ˈkeɪpəbəl əv. wən əv ðə ˈbɪgəst ˈʧeɪnʤɪz tɪ ðə ˈsizən 5 ɪn ˌsaʊˈθist ˈeɪʒə wɑz ðə pɑrˈtɪʃən əv ðə. ˈtaɪˈwɑn, hɔŋ kɔŋg, ənd məˈkaʊ muvd ˈoʊvər tɪ ðə wɪʧ tʊk ðə "ˈmeɪʤər" slɑt, waɪl ðə rɛst əv si rɪˈmeɪnz ɪn ðə. jʊr ɪn ə ˈrəðər juˈnik pəˈzɪʃən əv pleɪɪŋ ɔn boʊθ saɪdz əv ðə nu dɪˈvaɪd, du ju θɪŋk ðɪs ɪz ə gʊd ʧeɪnʤ fər boʊθ ˈriʤənz?: aɪ θɪŋk ðət ðɪs ʧeɪnʤ ɪz ˈæˌkʧuəli kwaɪt gʊd. ɛz wi kən si naʊ, ɪn ðə, ðɛr ər ə lɔt mɔr ˈstrɔŋgər timz kəmˈpɛrd tɪ læst [splɪt]. aɪ fil ðət kɔŋg hæv ə lɔt əv ˈtæləntɪd pleɪərz, bət ðeɪ wərənt ˈeɪbəl tɪ teɪk pɑrt ɪn ðə du tɪ ðə riˈstrɪkʃən əv ˈoʊnli tu ˈtaɪwɑˈniz timz ju gaɪz ər duɪŋ wɛl ɪn ðə, ˈɛndɪŋ əp ˈsɛkənd ɪn ðə ˈrɛgjələr ˈsizən bɪˈhaɪnd ðə joʊ flæʃ wʊlvz. ər ju səˈpraɪzd baɪ ˈɛni əv ðə rɪˈzəlts soʊ fɑr?: aɪ fil ðət wi ər nɑt duɪŋ ðət wɛl ɪf wi ər ˈgɪtɪŋ ˈsɛkənd ɪn ɑr ˈriʤən, bɪˈkəz ɑr eɪm ˈɛvər sɪns ðə ˈvɛri bɪˈgɪnɪŋ wɑz biɪŋ fərst ənd ˈhævɪŋ ˈivɪn ˈziroʊ ˈlɔsɪz. soʊ ˈæˌkʧuəli, əm kwaɪt səˈpraɪzd, bət joʊ flæʃ wʊlvz hæd ˌɪmˈpruvd ə lɔt, əˈspɛʃəli ˈæftər ðə ˈrɑstər ʧeɪnʤ. moʊst əv ðə ɪˈstæblɪʃt ˌɔrgənəˈzeɪʃənz ər ˈfaɪndɪŋ səkˈsɛs ɪn ðə, ðə θri ˈnuˌkəmərz æt ðə ˈbɑtəm. haʊ lɔŋ du ju θɪŋk ɪt wɪl teɪk ənˈtɪl ðə ˈbɑtəm əv ðə ˈteɪbəl ɪz ˈeɪbəl tɪ kəmˈpit wɪθ ðə oʊld gɑrd?: aɪ fil ðət ɪt maɪt teɪk æt list wən mɔr ˈsizən fər ðə ˈnuˌkəmərz tɪ ˈoʊvərˌteɪk ðə oʊld gɑrd, bɪˈkəz ðə oʊld gɑrd kənˈsɪsts əv pleɪərz hu hæv pleɪd ɪn ðə kəmˈpɛtɪtɪv sin fər ˈoʊvər ə jɪr, tu jɪrz, ˈmeɪbi θri jɪrz. soʊ ðə nu pleɪərz, ðɛr məˈkænɪks ər gʊd, bət ðeɪ doʊnt hæv ðə ˈnɑlɪʤ, əˈspɛʃəli ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə geɪm. ju gaɪz kˈwɑləˌfaɪd ɛz ðə fərst sid æt ˈtaɪˌpeɪ ənd hæd ə ˈprɪti səkˈsɛsfəl ˈtʊrnəmənt ənˈtɪl ðə ɛnd, wɛr ju fɛl ɪn ə təf fɔt ˈsɪriz tɪ ðə flæʃ wʊlvz. du ju gaɪz rɪˈgrɛt ˈgɪvɪŋ steɪk θri geɪmz ɪn ə roʊ?: wi du nɑt rɪˈgrɛt ˈgɪvɪŋ steɪk æt ɔl, bɪˈkəz wi lɔst bɪˈkəz wi ˈdɪdənt pleɪ tɪ wət wi ər ˈkeɪpəbəl əv. wi ˈæˌkʧuəli aʊt [ˈæftər] wi lɔst ðə fərst geɪm, bɪˈkəz ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə wik ˌbiˈfɔr wi hæd ˈziroʊ ˈlɔsɪz bi ɪt tim ˈtreɪnɪŋ ər ˈsoʊˌloʊ kju, soʊ ˈhævɪŋ ɑr fərst lɔs wɑz ˈæˌkʧuəli kwaɪt ə bɪg ˌɪmˈpækt tɪ ˈjuˈɛs. ɑr ˈkɔlərz ˈdɪdənt spik məʧ ðət deɪ, soʊ ɪt wɑz mɔr əv ɑr ˈprɑbləm ðɛn ðɛm pleɪɪŋ ˈvɛri wɛl ɔn ðɛr ˈʧæmpiənz. ɪts rəf tɪ luz ə ˈsɪriz laɪk ðət, bət dɪd ju gaɪz teɪk ˈɛni θɪŋ frəm ɪt fər ðə?: wi faʊnd aʊt kwaɪt ə fju θɪŋz, bɪˈkəz laɪk ˈmeɪbi ɑr ɪz oʊld ənd hi kænt pleɪ ə bɛst əv faɪv bɪˈkəz əv hɪz hɛlθ. soʊ hi hæd tɪ stɑrt ˈɛksərˌsaɪzɪŋ soʊ hi kən læst ˈlɔŋgər fər ðə bɛst əv faɪv. (læfs) ðə pleɪɔfs ər ˈkəmɪŋ əp jʊr ˈfeɪsɪŋ ðə ˈwɪnər əv hɔŋ kɔŋg ənd. hu du ju ɪkˈspɛkt tɪ kəm aʊt əv ðət mæʧ?: aɪ fil ðət hɔŋ kɔŋg wɪl wɪn ðɪs bɪˈkəz hɔŋ kɔŋg ɪz ə mɔr ˈsteɪbəˌlaɪzd tim. ðeɪ meɪk lɛs mɪˈsteɪks ðən. ənd kənˈsɪsts əv ˈrɪli, ˈrɪli strɔŋ pleɪərz bət ðeɪ pleɪ ðə geɪm laɪk ˈsoʊˌloʊ kju ənd ðeɪ meɪk tənz əv mɪˈsteɪks. ɪf ju gaɪz wɔnt tɪ gɪt tɪ ðə ˌɪnvəˈteɪʃənəl, ju nid tɪ bit joʊ, hu wɑz ðə ˈoʊnli tim tɪ hæv ə ˈwɪnɪŋ ˈrɛkərd əˈgɛnst ju ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə ˈsizən. wət du ju gaɪz nid tɪ du tɪ bit ðɛm?: aɪ fil tɪ bi ˈeɪbəl tɪ bit joʊ flæʃ wʊlvz wi ʤɪst nid ɔl əv ˈjuˈɛs tɪ bi æt ɑr pik ənd nɑt kræp aʊt ˈdʊrɪŋ ˈtərnəmənts. aɪ θɪŋk ɪts ðə strɛs wi pʊt ɔn ɑrˈsɛlvz ðət meɪd ˈjuˈɛs nɑt pleɪ tɪ ɑr pik wɪn ˈvərsəz ðɛm. ɪf ju dɪd gɪt tɪ ðə ˌɪnvəˈteɪʃənəl, wət timz wʊd ju laɪk tɪ feɪs?: aɪ wʊd laɪk tɪ feɪs, ɛz ɪz wən əv ðə ˈstrɔŋgəst timz ɪn ðə wərld naʊ ənd aɪ ˈrɪli wɔnt tɪ pleɪ əˈgɛnst bjergsen*. θæŋks fər ˈteɪkɪŋ ðə taɪm aʊt əv jʊr deɪ tɪ du ðɪs ˈɪntərvˌju, du ju hæv ˈɛni shout-outs*?: aɪ wɔnt tɪ θæŋk tim fər ˈhævɪŋ ðɪs ˈɪntərvˌju wɪθ mi ənd aɪ wɔnt tɪ θæŋk ɔl maɪ ˈoʊvərˈsiz fænz hu hæv ˈɔlˌweɪz səˈpɔrtɪd mi ˈɛvər sɪns aɪ ˈstɑrtɪd maɪ kərɪr. aɪd laɪk tɪ θæŋk əˈgɛn fər duɪŋ ðɪs ˈɪntərvˌju wɪθ mi, ənd aɪ wɪʃ ɪm lək ðɪs ˈwiˌkɪnd ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə spərɪŋ pleɪɔfs. ˈfɑloʊ ɔn ˈfeɪsˌbʊk ənd twɪʧ ənd ˈfɑloʊ mi ɔn tˈwɪtər fər mɔr ˈkɑntɛnt
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the taipei assassins have long been the top dog in the taiwanese scene, so it wasn't a surprise when they were a dominant force during the first half of the inaugural league masters series (lms). while they fell twice to yoe after the mid-point, the assassins still entered the playoffs with a 17-4 record, good enough for second place. leading the charge has been longtime southeast asia all-star wong "chawy" xing lei, who took over tpa's mid-lane this year. i got a chance to ask him about his return to the starting line-up, the lms, and his hopes for the playoffs.
in april will be your first anniversary with tpa after leaving the singapore sentinels. while with tpa for the summer split of the gpl and the world championships, you were a bench player for the most part. how does it feel to return to the starting line-up?
chawy: of course it feels great to be in the starting line-up because i came here to play, not to be a bench warmer. (laughs) of course it's great to be in the starting line-up be able to showcase my skill and show the world what i'm capable of.
one of the biggest changes to the season 5 in southeast asia was the partition of the gpl. taiwan, hong kong, and macau moved over to the lms which took the "major" slot, while the rest of sea remains in the gpl. you're in a rather unique position of playing on both sides of the new divide, do you think this is a good change for both regions?
chawy: i think that this change is actually quite good. as we can see now, in the lms, there are a lot more stronger teams compared to gpl last [split]. i feel that taiwan/macau/hong kong have a lot of talented players, but they weren't able to take part in the gpl due to the restriction of only two taiwanese teams
you guys are doing well in the lms, ending up second in the regular season behind the yoe flash wolves. are you surprised by any of the results so far?
chawy: i feel that we are not doing that well if we are getting second in our region, because our aim ever since the very beginning was being first and having even zero losses. so actually, i'm quite surprised, but yoe flash wolves had improved a lot, especially after the roster change.
most of the established organizations are finding success in the lms, the three newcomers at the bottom. how long do you think it will take until the bottom of the table is able to compete with the old guard?
chawy: i feel that it might take at least one more season for the newcomers to overtake the old guard, because the old guard consists of players who have played in the competitive scene for over a year, two years, maybe three years. so the new players, their mechanics are good, but they don't have the knowledge, especially during the mid-late game.
you guys qualified as the first seed at iem taipei and had a pretty successful tournament until the end, where you fell in a tough fought series to the flash wolves. do you guys regret giving steak gnar three games in a row?
chawy: we do not regret giving steak gnar at all, because we lost because we didn't play to what we are capable of. we actually crapped out [after] we lost the first game, because during the week before iem we had zero losses be it team training or solo queue, so having our first loss was actually quite a big impact to us. our callers didn't speak much that day, so it was more of our problem then them playing very well on their champions.
it's rough to lose a series like that, but did you guys take any thing from it for the lms?
chawy: we found out quite a few things, because like maybe our jungler is old and he can't play a best of five because of his health. so he had to start exercising so he can last longer for the best of five. (laughs)
the playoffs are coming up - you're facing the winner of hong kong esports and ahq. who do you expect to come out of that match?
chawy: i feel that hong kong esports will win this face-off because hong kong esports is a more stabilized team. they make less mistakes than ahq. and ahq consists of really, really strong players but they play the game like solo queue and they make tons of mistakes.
if you guys want to get to the mid-season invitational, you need to beat yoe, who was the only team to have a winning record against you during the season. what do you guys need to do to beat them?
chawy: i feel to be able to beat yoe flash wolves we just need all of us to be at our peak and not crap out during tournaments. i think it's the stress we put on ourselves that made us not play to our peak when versus them.
if you did get to the mid-season invitational, what teams would you like to face?
chawy: i would like to face tsm, as tsm is one of the strongest teams in the world now and i really want to play against bjergsen.
thanks for taking the time out of your day to do this interview, do you have any shout-outs?
chawy: i want to thank team dignitas for having this interview with me and i want to thank all my overseas fans who have always supported me ever since i started my esports career.
i'd like to thank chawy again for doing this interview with me, and i wish him luck this weekend during the lms spring playoffs. follow chawy on facebook and twitch and follow me on twitter for more esports content
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ˈbægdæd (ˈrɔɪtərz) ˌɪzˈlɑmɪk steɪt ˈmɪlətənts hæv kɪld æt list 25 ˈmɛmbərz əv ə ˈsuni ˈməzlɪm traɪb ɪn ə ˈvɪlɪʤ ɔn ðə ˈistərn ɛʤ əv ðə prəˈvɪnʃəl ˈkæpɪtəl, ˈloʊkəl əˈfɪʃəlz sɛd ɔn ˈsæˌtɪˌdeɪ, ɪn əˈpɛrənt riˈvɛnʤ fər ˈtraɪbəl ˌɑpəˈzɪʃən tɪ ðə ˈrædɪkəl ˈɪsləmɪsts. ðeɪ sɛd ðə ˈbɑdiz əv ðə mɛn frəm ðə fɑd traɪb wər dɪˈskəvərd baɪ ðə ˌɪˈræki ˈɑrmi wɪn ɪt lɔnʧt ə ɔn ˈsæˌtɪˌdeɪ əˈgɛnst ˌɪzˈlɑmɪk steɪt nɪr, ðə ˈkæpɪtəl əv ˈprɑvɪns. ðeɪ wər ˈkoʊmɪŋ ðə ˈtɛrəˌtɔriz ðeɪ ər ˈlɪˌbərˌeɪtɪŋ, sɪˈkjʊrəti ˈfɔrsɪz faʊnd 25 ˈkɔrpsɪz ɪn ðə area,”*,”, ə ˈmɛmbər əv ðə prəˈvɪnʃəl ˈkaʊnsəl, toʊld ˈrɔɪtərz. fɑd ˈtraɪbəl ˈlidər ʃik sɛd æt list 25 ˈbɑdiz hæd bɪn faʊnd ənd sɛd hi ɪkˈspɛktɪd ðə ˈtoʊtəl tɪ bi sɪgˈnɪfɪkəntli haɪər. hi sɛd ðə ˈbɑdiz wər faʊnd ˈskætərd əraʊnd wɪθ noʊ saɪnz əv ˈwɛpənz nɛkst tɪ ðɛm, səˈʤɛstɪŋ ðeɪ wər nɑt kɪld ˈdʊrɪŋ ˈfaɪtɪŋ. læst mənθ ˌɪzˈlɑmɪk steɪt ˈfaɪtərz kɪld ˈhənərdz əv ˈmɛmbərz əv ðə traɪb ɪn ɪn ən əˈtɛmpt tɪ breɪk ˈloʊkəl rɪˈzɪstəns tɪ ðɛr ədˈvænsɪz ɪn ðə ˈsuni ˈməzlɪm ˈprɑvɪns ðeɪ hæv ˈlɑrʤli kənˈtroʊld fər ˈnɪrli ə jɪr. ˌɪzˈlɑmɪk steɪt, wɪʧ həz sizd kənˈtroʊl əv lɑrʤ pɑrts əv ˈsɪriə ənd ˌɪˈrɑk, kənˈtɪnjuz tɪ geɪn ˈtɛrɪˌtɔri ɪn dɪˈspaɪt θri mənθs əv ɛr straɪks lɔnʧt əˈgɛnst ðə grup. ɔn ˈfraɪˌdeɪ ɪt lɔnʧt koʊˈɔrdəneɪtɪd əˈtæks ɪn ˈsɛntrəl ənd ˈaʊˌtlaɪɪŋ ˈɛriəz əv ɪn ən əˈtɛmpt tɪ teɪk fʊl kənˈtroʊl ˈoʊvər ə ˈsɪti wɪʧ ɪz ɔˈrɛdi ˈmoʊstli ɪn ɪts hænz. ðə roʊd frəm tɪ ðə ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri ɛr beɪs əv habbaniya*, əˈbaʊt 25 15 maɪəlz) tɪ ðə ist, rɪˈmeɪnd ˈəndər ˌɪzˈlɑmɪk steɪt kənˈtroʊl ɔn ˈsæˌtɪˌdeɪ, sɛd, prɪˈvɛnɪŋ ðə ˈɑrmi frəm ˌriɪnˈfɔrsɪŋ sɪˈkjʊrəti ˈfɔrsɪz ɪn ðə ˈsɪti. hi sɛd ˈtraɪbəl ˈfaɪtərz bækt baɪ ˈɑrmi tæŋks wər traɪɪŋ tɪ sɪˈkjʊr ðə roʊd tɪ əˈlaʊ ˈfɔrsɪz θru frəm habbaniya*. ˌɪzˈlɑmɪk ˈlaɪtnɪŋ əˈfɛnsɪv θru ˈnɔrðərn ˌɪˈrɑk ɪn ʤun plənʤd ðə ˈkəntri ˈɪntu ɪts ˈgrævəst sɪˈkjʊrəti ˈkraɪsəs sɪns ðə ˈoʊvərθˌroʊ əv ˈsɑdəm huˈseɪn ɪn 2003 ənd reɪzd kənˈsərnz ðət ɪts ˈrædɪkəl ˌaɪdiˈɑləʤi wɪl sprɛd. ɪn ˈnɔrðərn ˌɪˈrɑk, ə ˈfɑrmər nɪr ðə ˈsɪti əv ˈmoʊsəl dɪˈskəvərd əraʊnd 60 ˈbɑdiz bɪˈlivd tɪ bi ðoʊz əv ˈprɪzənərz kɪld baɪ ˌɪzˈlɑmɪk steɪt ˈfaɪtərz wɪn ðeɪ ˈoʊvərˈræn ðə ˈprɪzən ɔn ʤun 10 ˈwɪtnəsɪz sɛd ɔn ˈsæˌtɪˌdeɪ. ðə ˈbɑdiz wər faʊnd ˈæftər ˈhɛvi reɪn dɪˈstərbd ðɛr mæs greɪv. ðə juˈnaɪtɪd ˈneɪʃənz sɛd əp tɪ 670 ˈprɪzənərz frəm wər kɪld baɪ ˌɪzˈlɑmɪk steɪt faɪv mənθs əˈgoʊ.
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baghdad (reuters) - islamic state militants have killed at least 25 members of a sunni muslim tribe in a village on the eastern edge of the provincial capital ramadi, local officials said on saturday, in apparent revenge for tribal opposition to the radical islamists.
they said the bodies of the men from the albu fahd tribe were discovered by the iraqi army when it launched a counter-offensive on saturday against islamic state near ramadi, the capital of anbar province.
“while they were combing the territories they are liberating, security forces found 25 corpses in the shujariya area,” hathal al-fahdawi, a member of the anbar provincial council, told reuters.
albu fahd tribal leader sheikh rafie al-fahdawi said at least 25 bodies had been found and said he expected the total to be significantly higher. he said the bodies were found scattered around with no signs of weapons next to them, suggesting they were not killed during fighting.
last month islamic state fighters killed hundreds of members of the albu nimr tribe in anbar in an attempt to break local resistance to their advances in the sunni muslim province they have largely controlled for nearly a year.
islamic state, which has seized control of large parts of syria and iraq, continues to gain territory in anbar despite three months of u.s.-led air strikes launched against the group.
on friday it launched coordinated attacks in central and outlying areas of ramadi in an attempt to take full control over a city which is already mostly in its hands.
the road from ramadi to the military air base of habbaniya, about 25 km (15 miles) to the east, remained under islamic state control on saturday, hathal fahdawi said, preventing the army from reinforcing security forces in the city.
he said tribal fighters backed by army tanks were trying to secure the road to allow forces through from habbaniya.
islamic state’s lightning offensive through northern iraq in june plunged the country into its gravest security crisis since the u.s.-led overthrow of saddam hussein in 2003, and raised concerns that its radical ideology will spread.
in northern iraq, a farmer near the city of mosul discovered around 60 bodies believed to be those of prisoners killed by islamic state fighters when they overran the city’s badush prison on june 10, witnesses said on saturday.
the bodies were found after heavy rain disturbed their mass grave. the united nations said up to 670 prisoners from badush were killed by islamic state five months ago.
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kənˈvɪkʃən kʊd lænd kəˈmidiən ɪn ˈprɪzən fər laɪf ˈæftər keɪs siz ˈkloʊzɪŋ ˈɑrgjəmənts ɔn sɪksθ deɪ ðə ˈʤʊri æt bɪl traɪəl bɪˈgæn dɪˈlɪbərˌeɪtɪŋ ˈmənˌdeɪ ˈoʊvər ˈwɛðər hi drəgd ənd məˈlɛstɪd ə ˈwʊmən mɔr ðən ə ˈdɛkeɪd əˈgoʊ ɪn ə keɪs ðət həz ɔˈrɛdi hɛlpt dɪˈmɑlɪʃ ðə ˈɪmɪʤ. ə kənˈvɪkʃən kʊd sɛnd ˈkɔzbi tɪ ˈprɪzən fər ðə rɛst əv hɪz laɪf, kəmˈplitɪŋ ðə ˈstənɪŋ ˈdaʊnˌfɔl əv wən əv ðə moʊst bɪˈləvəd stɑrz ɪn ʃoʊ ˈbɪznɪs. ðə keɪs wɛnt tɪ ðə ˈʤʊri əv ˈsɛvən mɛn ənd faɪv ˈwɪmən ɔn deɪ sɪks əv ðə traɪəl ˈæftər ˈkloʊzɪŋ ˈɑrgjəmənts geɪv ˈdɪfərɪŋ pɔrˈtreɪəlz əv wət ˈhæpənd bɪtˈwin ˈkɔzbi ənd ˌɑnˈdreɪə æt hɪz səˈbərbən ˌfɪləˈdɛlfiə ɛˈsteɪt. bɪl ˈkɔzbi traɪəl: dɪˈfɛns traɪz tɪ pɔrˈtreɪ riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪp wɪθ ɪm ɛz roʊˈmæntɪk rɛd mɔr ðə dɪˈfɛns əˈtərni braɪən məkˈmɑnəgəl toʊld ðə ˈʤʊri ðət ˈkɔzbi ənd wər ˈləvərz hu hæd ˌɛnˈʤɔɪd ˈsikrɪt interludes”*” ənd ðət ðə 2004 ɪnˈkaʊnər wɑz kənˈsɛnʃuəl. məkˈmɑnəgəl sɛd ðət waɪl ðə kəˈmidiən hæd bɪn ənˈfeɪθfəl tɪ hɪz waɪf, hi kəˈmɪtɪd ə kraɪm. ˈprɑsɪˌkjutərz ˈkaʊnərd baɪ seɪɪŋ lawyering”*” seɪv ˈkɔzbi frəm hɪz oʊn wərdz ˈneɪmli, hɪz ədˈmɪʃən əˈbaʊt ˈgroʊpɪŋ ˈæftər ˈgɪvɪŋ hər pɪlz hi nu kʊd pʊt hər tɪ slip. ˈsəmˌbɑdi ənd ˈpʊtɪŋ ðɛm ɪn ə pəˈzɪʃən wɛr ju kən du wət ju wɔnt wɪθ ðɛm ɪz nɑt roʊˈmæntɪk. criminal,”*,” ðə ˈdɪstrɪkt əˈtərni ˈkɛvɪn stil sɛd. ˈæftər ðə ˌprɑsəˈkjuʃən tʊk faɪv deɪz tɪ ˈaʊˌtlaɪn ɪts saɪd, ðə dɪˈfɛns keɪs kənˈsɪstɪd əv ʤɪst wən ˈwɪtnəs ə dɪˈtɛktɪv ənd sɪks ˈmɪnəts əv ˈtɛstɪˌmoʊni ˈmənˌdeɪ. ˈkɔzbi dɪd nɑt teɪk ðə stænd, ˈɛndɪŋ deɪz əv səˈspɛns ˈoʊvər ˈwɛðər ðə ˈʤʊri wʊd hir dɪˈrɛkli frəm ɪm. ˈligəl ˈɛkspərts sɛd ˈtɛstɪˌfaɪɪŋ wʊd hæv bɪn ə ˈrɪski muv ðət kʊd hæv ˈoʊpənd ðə ˌtɛləˈvɪʒən stɑr tɪ ˈwɪðərɪŋ əˈbaʊt səm əv ðə 60 ər soʊ ˈəðər ˈwɪmən hu hæv əˈkjuzd ɪm əv ˈdrəgɪŋ ər məˈlɛstɪŋ ðɛm. hi ɪz ʧɑrʤd wɪθ θri kaʊnts əv ˈægrəˌveɪtɪd ˌɪnˈdisənt əˈsɔlt, iʧ wən ˈpənɪʃəbəl baɪ əp tɪ 10 jɪrz bɪˈhaɪnd bɑrz. ðə blæk kəˈmidiən wəns noʊn ɛz dæd fər hɪz pɔrˈtreɪəl əv ˈkaɪndli ˈdɑktər klɪf ˈhəkstəbəl ɔn ðə ˈkɔzbi ʃoʊ səˈʤɛstɪd ˈrisəntli ðət reɪs kʊd hæv pleɪd ə roʊl ɪn ðə keɪs əˈgɛnst ɪm. ðə ˈʤʊri ˌɪnˈkludɪd tu blæk ˈmɛmbərz. məkˈmɑnəgəl, ɪn hɪz ˈkloʊzɪŋ ˈɑrgjəmənt, traɪd tɪ soʊ daʊt əˈbaʊt ˈstɔri, seɪɪŋ ɪt hæd ɪˈvɑlvd ˈdʊrɪŋ hər ˈɪntərvˌjuz wɪθ pəˈlis. hi ˈɔlsoʊ ˈpɔɪntɪd aʊt ðət ˈtɛləˌfoʊnd ˈkɔzbi ˈdəzənz əv taɪmz ˈæftər ðə əˈlɛʤd əˈsɔlt. toʊld ðə ˈʤʊri ʃi wɑz ˈmɪrli rɪˈtərnɪŋ hɪz kɔlz əˈbaʊt ðə ˈbæskətˌbɔl skwɑd æt ˈtɛmpəl ˌjunəˈvərsəti, wɛr ʃi wɑz dɪˈrɛktər əv tim ˌɑpərˈeɪʃənz ənd hi wɑz ə ˈmɛmbər əv ðə bɔrd əv ˌtrəˈstiz. ˈtɔkɪŋ tɪ ə ˌtrəˈsti. ðɪs ɪz ˈtɔkɪŋ tɪ ə lover,”*,” məkˈmɑnəgəl sɛd əv wən kɔl ðət ˈlæstɪd 49 ˈmɪnəts. ər wi ˈrənɪŋ frəm ðə truθ əv ðɪs keɪs ðɪs riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪp? why?”*?” waɪf əv 53 jɪrz, kəˈmil, wɑz ɪn ðə ˈkɔrˌtrum fər ðə fərst taɪm ɪn ðə traɪəl. ʃi wɑz stoʊɪk ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə dɪˈfɛns ˈɑrgjəmənt bət lɛft wɪn ɪt wɑz ðə tərn. ʃi sæt ɪn ðə frənt roʊ, əˈkrɔs ðə aɪəl frəm, hu riækt tɪ ˈkloʊzɪŋ bət smaɪld æt ðə ɛnd əv ɪt., 44 ˈtɛstɪˌfaɪd læst wik ðət ˈkɔzbi hæd ˈgɪvɪn hər θri blu pɪlz ənd ðɛn ˈpɛnəˌtreɪtɪd hər wɪθ hɪz ˈfɪŋgərz əˈgɛnst hər wɪl ɛz ʃi leɪ ˈpɛrəˌlaɪzd ənd half-conscious*. ʃi dɪˈnaɪd ðeɪ hæd ə roʊˈmæntɪk riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪp ənd sɛd ʃi hæd rɪˈbəft ˈpriviəs ədˈvænsɪz frəm ɪm. ʃi sud ˈkɔzbi ˈæftər ˈprɑsɪˌkjutərz ɪn 2005 dɪˈklaɪnd tɪ prɛs ˈʧɑrʤɪz. ˈkɔzbi ˈtɛstɪˌfaɪd ˈoʊvər ə ˈdɛkeɪd əˈgoʊ ɛz pɑrt əv ðət ˈlɔˌsut, ɪˈvɛnʧəwəli ˈsɛtəlɪŋ wɪθ hər fər ən ˌəndɪˈskloʊzd səm. hɪz ˌdɛpəˈzɪʃən wɑz sild fər jɪrz ənˈtɪl ə ʤəʤ riˈlist pɑrts ɪn 2015 æt ðə rɪkˈwɛst əv ðə əˈsoʊʃiˌeɪtəd prɛs, ˈprɑmptɪŋ ə nu sɛt əv ˈprɑsɪˌkjutərz tɪ teɪk ə frɛʃ lʊk æt ðə keɪs ənd ʧɑrʤ ɪm. məkˈmɑnəgəl toʊld ðə ˈʤʊri ðət ˈfridəm wɑz æt steɪk naʊ, nɑt ʤɪst hɪz ˈfaɪˌnænsɪz. ɪz nɑt ə ˈsɪvəl keɪs əˈbaʊt ˈməni, ˈməni, ˈməni. ˈtɔkɪŋ əˈbaʊt ɔl ðə tomorrows,”*,” hi sɛd. ɪn ðə ˈkloʊzɪŋ ˈɑrgjəmənt, stil sɛd ðət ˈlʊrəd ˈsteɪtmənts frəm 2005 hɛlpt kərˈɑbərˌeɪt ˌæləˈgeɪʃənz. stil ˈɔlsoʊ riˈmaɪndɪd ˈʤʊrərz əˈbaʊt ə ˈtɛləˌfoʊn ˌkɑnvərˈseɪʃən ɪn wɪʧ ˈkɔzbi əˈpɑləˌʤaɪzd tɪ ˈməðər ənd dɪˈskraɪbd hɪmˈsɛlf ɛz ə man”*”. ɪz wɛr ɔl ðə ˈfænsi ˈlɔjərɪŋ gɪt ju əraʊnd jʊr oʊn words,”*,” stil sɛd. ɪn hɪz 2005 ˌdɛpəˈzɪʃən, ˈkɔzbi sɛd hi əbˈteɪnd ˈsɛvərəl prəˈskrɪpʃənz fər ɪn ðə ənd ˈɔfərd ðə tɪ ˈwɪmən hi ˈwɔntɪd tɪ hæv sɛks wɪθ. hi ˈɔlsoʊ sɛd hi geɪv θri əv ðə koʊld ənd ˈælərʤi ˈmɛdəsən ˌbiˈfɔr ðə ˈkɑnˌtækt bɪˈgæn. ˈprɑsɪˌkjutərz hæv səˈʤɛstɪd hi drəgd hər wɪθ ˈsəmθɪŋ ˈstrɔŋgər pərˈhæps. ðə əˈsoʊʃiˌeɪtəd prɛs dɪz nɑt ˈtɪpɪkəli aɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪ ˈpipəl hu seɪ ðeɪ ər ˈvɪktɪmz əv ˈsɛkʃuəl əˈsɔlt ənˈlɛs ðeɪ grænt pərˈmɪʃən, wɪʧ həz dən.
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conviction could land comedian in prison for life after fast-moving case sees closing arguments on sixth day
the jury at bill cosby’s trial began deliberating monday over whether he drugged and molested a woman more than a decade ago in a case that has already helped demolish the 79-year-old comedian’s good-guy image.
a conviction could send cosby to prison for the rest of his life, completing the stunning late-life downfall of one of the most beloved stars in show business.
the fast-moving case went to the jury of seven men and five women on day six of the trial after closing arguments gave differing portrayals of what happened between cosby and andrea constand at his suburban philadelphia estate.
bill cosby trial: defense tries to portray accuser's relationship with him as romantic read more
the defense attorney brian mcmonagle told the jury that cosby and constand were lovers who had enjoyed secret “romantic interludes” and that the 2004 encounter was consensual. mcmonagle said that while the comedian had been unfaithful to his wife, he hadn’t committed a crime.
prosecutors countered by saying “fancy lawyering” couldn’t save cosby from his own words – namely, his admission about groping constand after giving her pills he knew could put her to sleep.
“drugging somebody and putting them in a position where you can do what you want with them is not romantic. it’s criminal,” the district attorney kevin steele said.
after the prosecution took five days to outline its side, the defense case consisted of just one witness – a detective – and six minutes of testimony monday. cosby did not take the stand, ending days of suspense over whether the jury would hear directly from him.
legal experts said testifying would have been a risky move that could have opened the tv star to withering cross-examination about some of the 60 or so other women who have accused him of drugging or molesting them.
he is charged with three counts of aggravated indecent assault, each one punishable by up to 10 years behind bars.
the black comedian once known as america’s dad for his portrayal of kindly dr cliff huxtable on the cosby show suggested recently that race could have played a role in the case against him. the jury included two black members.
mcmonagle, in his closing argument, tried to sow doubt about constand’s story, saying it had evolved during her interviews with police. he also pointed out that constand telephoned cosby dozens of times after the alleged assault. constand told the jury she was merely returning his calls about the women’s basketball squad at temple university, where she was director of team operations and he was a member of the board of trustees.
“this isn’t talking to a trustee. this is talking to a lover,” mcmonagle said of one call that lasted 49 minutes. “why are we running from the truth of this case – this relationship? why?”
cosby’s wife of 53 years, camille, was in the courtroom for the first time in the trial. she was stoic during the defense argument but left when it was the prosecution’s turn. she sat in the front row, across the aisle from constand, who didn’t react to mcmonagle’s two-hour closing but smiled at the end of it.
constand, 44, testified last week that cosby had given her three blue pills and then penetrated her with his fingers against her will as she lay paralyzed and half-conscious. she denied they had a romantic relationship and said she had rebuffed previous advances from him.
she sued cosby after prosecutors in 2005 declined to press charges. cosby testified over a decade ago as part of that lawsuit, eventually settling with her for an undisclosed sum. his deposition was sealed for years until a judge released parts in 2015 at the request of the associated press, prompting a new set of prosecutors to take a fresh look at the case and charge him.
mcmonagle told the jury that cosby’s freedom was at stake now, not just his finances. “this is not a civil case about money, money, money. we’re talking about all the man’s tomorrows,” he said.
in the prosecution’s closing argument, steele said that cosby’s lurid statements from 2005 helped corroborate constand’s allegations. steele also reminded jurors about a telephone conversation in which cosby apologized to constand’s mother and described himself as a “sick man”.
“this is where all the fancy lawyering can’t get you around your own words,” steele said.
in his 2005 deposition, cosby said he obtained several prescriptions for quaaludes in the 1970s and offered the now-banned sedatives to women he wanted to have sex with.
he also said he gave constand three half-tablets of the cold and allergy medicine benadryl before the contact began. prosecutors have suggested he drugged her with something stronger – perhaps quaaludes.
the associated press does not typically identify people who say they are victims of sexual assault unless they grant permission, which constand has done.
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thorin's* tɔp 10 wərld ˈræŋkɪŋz ɪz ə ˈsɪriz əv ˌpiriˈɑdɪkəli riˈlist ˈɑrtɪkəlz, wɛr ˈænəlɪst ˈdəŋkən "thorin*" ʃildz prəˈvaɪdz hɪz ˈkɑrənt pərˈspɛktɪv ɔn wət hi bɪˈlivz ər ðə 10 bɛst: ˈgloʊbəl əˈfɛnsɪv timz ɪn ðə wərld. lɪst əv ˈɑrtɪkəlz ˈɛdət 2018 46 dɪˈsɛmbər 11 ˈɑrtɪkəl 45 noʊˈvɛmbər 21 ˈɑrtɪkəl 44 ɑkˈtoʊbər 18 ˈɑrtɪkəl 43 ˈɔgəst 9 ˈɑrtɪkəl 42 ˌʤuˈlaɪ 19 ˈɑrtɪkəl 2017 41 dɛk 11 ˈɑrtɪkəl 40 ɔkt 08 ˈɑrtɪkəl 39 ˌʤuˈlaɪ 27 ˈɑrtɪkəl 38 ˌʤuˈlaɪ 12 ˈɑrtɪkəl 37 ʤun 13 ˈɑrtɪkəl 36 meɪ 11 ˈɑrtɪkəl 35 ˈeɪprəl 21 ˈɑrtɪkəl 34 mɑr 06 ˈɑrtɪkəl 33 ˈfɛbjəˌwɛri 09 ˈɑrtɪkəl 2016 32 dɛk 15 ˈɑrtɪkəl 31 noʊv 21 ˈɑrtɪkəl 30 ɔkt 31 ˈɑrtɪkəl 29 ɔkt 07 ˈɑrtɪkəl 28 sɛpt 22 ˈɑrtɪkəl 27 ˌʤuˈlaɪ 20 ˈɑrtɪkəl 26 ʤun 27 ˈɑrtɪkəl 25 meɪ 23 ˈɑrtɪkəl 24 meɪ 02 ˈɑrtɪkəl 23 ˈeɪprəl 12 ˈɑrtɪkəl 22 mɑr 07 ˈɑrtɪkəl 21 ʤæn 27 ˈɑrtɪkəl 2015 20 dɛk 22 ˈɑrtɪkəl 19 ɔkt 26 ˈɑrtɪkəl 18 ɔkt 02 ˈɑrtɪkəl 17 sɛpt 14 ˈɑrtɪkəl 16 ˈɔgəst 24 ˈɑrtɪkəl 15 ˈɔgəst 04 ˈɑrtɪkəl 14 ˌʤuˈlaɪ 21 ˈɑrtɪkəl 13 ˌʤuˈlaɪ 16 ˈɑrtɪkəl 12 ˌʤuˈlaɪ 09 ˈɑrtɪkəl 11 ʤun 22 ˈɑrtɪkəl 10 ʤun 13 ˈɑrtɪkəl 9 meɪ 07 ˈɑrtɪkəl 8 ˈeɪprəl 30 ˈɑrtɪkəl 7 ˈeɪprəl 23 ˈɑrtɪkəl 6 mɑr 18 ˈɑrtɪkəl 5 ˈfɛbjəˌwɛri 12 ˈɑrtɪkəl 4 ˈfɛbjəˌwɛri 06 ˈɑrtɪkəl 2014 3 dɛk 13 ˈɑrtɪkəl 2 dɛk 02 ˈɑrtɪkəl 1 noʊv 12 ˈɑrtɪkəl ˈræŋkɪŋz ˈɛdət
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thorin's cs:go top 10 world rankings is a series of periodically released articles, where counter-strike analyst duncan "thorin" shields provides his current perspective on what he believes are the 10 best counter-strike: global offensive teams in the world.
list of articles [ edit ]
# 2018 46 december 11 article 45 november 21 article 44 october 18 article 43 august 9 article 42 july 19 article # 2017 41 dec 11 article 40 oct 08 article 39 july 27 article 38 july 12 article 37 june 13 article 36 may 11 article 35 april 21 article 34 mar 06 article 33 feb 09 article # 2016 32 dec 15 article 31 nov 21 article 30 oct 31 article 29 oct 07 article 28 sept 22 article 27 july 20 article 26 june 27 article 25 may 23 article 24 may 02 article 23 april 12 article 22 mar 07 article 21 jan 27 article # 2015 20 dec 22 article 19 oct 26 article 18 oct 02 article 17 sept 14 article 16 aug 24 article 15 aug 04 article 14 july 21 article 13 july 16 article 12 july 09 article 11 june 22 article 10 june 13 article 9 may 07 article 8 april 30 article 7 april 23 article 6 mar 18 article 5 feb 12 article 4 feb 06 article # 2014 3 dec 13 article 2 dec 02 article 1 nov 12 article
rankings [ edit ]
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waɪ praɪəs ˈoʊnərz draɪv laɪk ðət maɪ waɪfs 2012 praɪəs ˈmɑdəl. ɪt ˌriˈpleɪst ə 2002 toʊˈjoʊtə ˈhaɪˌlændər ðət gɑt əˈbaʊt 16 ˈɛmˈpiˈʤi ɪn ðə ˈsɪti. maɪ waɪfs 2012 praɪəs ˈmɑdəl. ɪt ˌriˈpleɪst ə 2002 toʊˈjoʊtə ˈhaɪˌlændər ðət gɑt əˈbaʊt 16 ˈɛmˈpiˈʤi ɪn ðə ˈsɪti. ˈɪmɪʤ 1 əv 4 ˈkæpʃən kloʊz waɪ praɪəs ˈoʊnərz draɪv laɪk ðət 1 4 bæk tɪ ˈgæləri maɪ kɑr ɪz ə 2001 fɔrd ˈməˌstæŋ sɪks ˈsɪləndərz wɪθ ə ˈstændərd ʃɪft. ɪt wɑz maɪ wɪn aɪ bɔt ɪt, ðoʊ ɪts ˈrɪli nɑt tu ˈkreɪzi, bɪˈkəz ˈivɪn 11 jɪrz əˈgoʊ aɪ ˈdɪdənt wɔnt ðə bæd gæs ˈmaɪlɪʤ ðət keɪm wɪθ ən 'stæŋ. aɪ doʊnt draɪv ɪt tu əˈgrɛsɪvli, bət aɪ du ˌɛnˈʤɔɪ ɪts əˈbɪləˌti tɪ gɪt ˈmuvɪŋ kˈwɪkli. ənd wɪn əm ɪn ðət mud, aɪ doʊnt ˌpɑrˈtɪkjələrli wɔnt ˈɛniˌwən sloʊər ɪn frənt əv mi. aɪ juzd tɪ gɪt ərkt wɪθ toʊˈjoʊtə praɪəs ˈoʊnərz. ðiz gaɪz ər noʊˈtɔriəs fər ˈdraɪvɪŋ bɪˈloʊ ˈpoʊstɪd spid ˈlɪmɪts, sloʊɪŋ tɪ ə stɑp fɑr aʊt frəm ə stɑp saɪn ər laɪt, ˈteɪkɪŋ ðɛr swit taɪm wɪn ðə laɪt tərnz grin ər ˈkripɪŋ θru ˈpɑrkɪŋ lɑts soʊ ˈsaɪləntli ðət ðeɪ ˈstɑrtəl pəˈdɛstriənz. ʃʊr, wɪθ maɪ ˈməˌstæŋ ˈævrɪʤɪŋ əˈbaʊt 15 ˈɛmˈpiˈʤi ɪn ˈsɪti ˈdraɪvɪŋ, aɪ ˈɛnvid praɪəs ˈoʊnərz' kleɪmz əv 50 ˈɛmˈpiˈʤi ənd ˈbɛtər, bət ˈrɪli du ðeɪ hæv tɪ bi soʊ ˈpoʊki waɪl duɪŋ ɪt? wɛl, naʊ ðət wi hæv ə toʊˈjoʊtə praɪəs ɪn ɑr ˈhaʊsˌhoʊld, aɪ noʊ ðət ðə ˈænsər ɪz jɛs! naʊ, əm wən əv ðoʊz əˈnɔɪɪŋ praɪəs ˈdraɪvərz. tɔp ˈhaɪbrədz: kənˈsumərz seɪ praɪəs ˈɪzənt tɔp ˈhaɪbrɪd "aɪ kænt bɪˈliv ju," maɪ ˈləvli waɪf sɛd tɪ mi ðə ˈəðər deɪ. "ju draɪv laɪk ən oʊld mæn." ˌɪnˈdid aɪ du. bət mæn, hæv aɪ gɑt səm ˈteɪsti ˈmaɪlɪʤ ˈnəmbərz tɪ ʃoʊ fər ɪt! ɪts hər praɪəs, bɔt ɪn ɑkˈtoʊbər ˈæftər hər 2002 toʊˈjoʊtə ˈhaɪˌlændər bɪˈgæn ˈrækɪŋ əp wən rɪˈpɛr bɪl ˈæftər əˈnəðər. ɪts ə 2012 ˈmɑdəl, ðə ˈpækɪʤ, wɪθ ə ˈsoʊlər sən rʊf, ˌnævəˈgeɪʃən ˈsɪstəm, ˈbluˌtuθ ˈɑdiˌoʊ. ɪts ˈreɪtɪd æt 51 ˈɛmˈpiˈʤi ɪn ðə ˈsɪti, ənd 48 ˈɛmˈpiˈʤi ɔn ðə roʊd. jɛs, ðæts ðə rɪˈvərs əv ðə weɪ ˈviɪkəlz ər ˈjuʒəwəli ˈreɪtɪd baɪ ðə epa*, bət ɪts ˈkɑmən fər ˈhaɪbrədz. hɪrz ðə ˈfəni θɪŋ: maɪ waɪf ˈdəzənt draɪv laɪk ə praɪəs ˈoʊnər. ʃi stɪl draɪvz ðə kɑr "ˈnɔrməli". bət mi? aɪv bɪˈkəm ðət gaɪ aɪ juzd tɪ heɪt, ənd aɪ bleɪm ɪt ɔn ðə ˈdætə. əm ə gik, ənd aɪ ləv ɛz məʧ ˈfidˌbæk ɛz aɪ kən gɪt frəm maɪ dɪˈvaɪsɪz. əm laɪk ðə prəˈvərbiəl kɪd ɪn ə ˈkændi stɔr wɪθ ðə praɪəs. ɪt tərnz ˈgɪtɪŋ greɪt fjuəl ˈmaɪlɪʤ ˈɪntu ə geɪm. fərst, ə ˈlɪtəl bɪt əˈbaʊt haʊ ðə praɪəs wərks. ðɛr ər tu ˈɛnʤənz ɪn ə ˈhaɪbrɪd ˈviɪkəl laɪk ðə praɪəs wən paʊərd baɪ ˈgæsəˌlin, ðə ˈəðər baɪ ɪˌlɛkˈtrɪsəti frəm ə ˈsɪriz əv ˈbætəriz. ˈsəmˌtaɪmz ðə ˈgæsəˌlin ˈɪnʤən ɪz juzd, ˈsəmˌtaɪmz ðə ɪˈlɛktrɪk ˈmoʊtər, ənd ˈsəmˌtaɪmz ðeɪ wərk ɪn ˈtændəm. ə kəmˈpjutər kənˈtroʊlz ðɪs, ðoʊ ju kən ˈoʊvərˌraɪd ɪt tɪ ə ˈsərtən ɪkˈstɛnt. ˈtɛzlə ˈvərsəz. nyt*: ˈtɛzlə ˈsiˌiˈoʊ kɔlz taɪmz ˌrivˈju feɪk ðə ɪˈlɛktrɪk ˈmoʊtər paʊərz ðə kɑr æt sloʊ spidz, ənd prəˈvaɪdz ən əˈsɪst wɪn ˈɛkstrə paʊər ɪz ˈnidɪd. ðə ˈgæsəˌlin ˈɪnʤən dɪz ðə ˈhɛvi ˈlɪftɪŋ, ˈmuvɪŋ ðə kɑr ˈdʊrɪŋ ˌækˌsɛlərˈeɪʃən ənd æt ˈkruzɪŋ spidz. bət ðɛr ər taɪmz wɪn ðə ˈgæsəˌlin ˈɪnʤən ˈɪzənt juzd ˈivɪn waɪl ðə kɑr ɪz ˈmuvɪŋ kˈwɪkli, ənd ðɪs ɪz ðə nɪrˈvɑnə tɪ wɪʧ praɪəs ˈoʊnərz əˈspaɪr. ju wɔnt ðə kɑr tɪ juz ɛz ˈlɪtəl ˈgæsəˌlin ɛz ˈpɑsəbəl, soʊ praɪəs ˈoʊnərz hu pleɪ ðə ˈmaɪlɪʤ geɪm straɪv fər ðɪs steɪt. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ðɛrz wən ˈkɑmpləˌkeɪtɪŋ ˈfæktər, ənd ðɪs ɪz wət meɪks ˈdraɪvɪŋ ə praɪəs mɔr gamelike*. nɑt ˈoʊnli du ju wɔnt tɪ kənˈsərv paʊər, bət ju ˈɔlsoʊ wɔnt tɪ meɪk ʃʊr ðə ˈbætəriz steɪ ʧɑrʤd ɪˈnəf soʊ ðə ɪˈlɛktrɪk ˈmoʊtər kən bi juzd. ɪf ðə ˈbætəri gɪts tu loʊ, ðə praɪəs ˈjuzɪz ðə ˈgæsəˌlin ˈɪnʤən tɪ ʧɑrʤ ɪt ə ˌsɪʧuˈeɪʃən ju wɔnt tɪ əˈvɔɪd. soʊ haʊ du ju kip ðə ˈbætəriz ʧɑrʤd? wɪn ju koʊst ər breɪk, ðə wilz ənd ðə ˈbreɪkɪŋ ˈsɪstəm tərn ˈɪntu ə ˈʤɛnərˌeɪtər, ˈfidɪŋ ˈkɑrənt bæk ˈɪntu ðə ˈbætəriz. ˈkoʊstɪŋ ər ˈbreɪkɪŋ ˈɔlsoʊ teɪks ðə ˈgæsəˌlin ˈɪnʤən aʊt əv ðə ɪkˈweɪʒən, rɪˈzəltɪŋ ɪn haɪ fjuəl ɪˈfɪʃənsi. ˈhɛlpɪŋ wɪθ ɔl ðɪs ər ə ˈsɪriz əv dɪˈspleɪz ðət ər əv ˈdætə. nɛkst tɪ ðə spiˈdɑmətər ɔn ðə ˈdɪʤɪtəl ˈdæʃˌbɔrd ɪz ə kərvd bɑr ʧɑrt ðət ʃoʊz jʊr ˈrilˌtaɪm fjuəl ɪˈfɪʃənsi ɪn maɪəlz pər ˈgælən. tɪ ðə raɪt əv ðət, ˈdraɪvərz kən ʧuz frəm dɪˈspleɪz ðət wɪʧ ˈɪnʤən ɪz ˈwərkɪŋ ənd ˈwɛðər ðə ˈbætəri ɪz ˈʧɑrʤɪŋ ər ˈdɪsˌʧɑrʤɪŋ; fjuəl kənˈsəmʃən ɪn ˈɪŋkrəˌmɛnts; əˈnəðər bɑr ʧɑrt ʃoʊɪŋ ˈwɛðər jʊr ˈdraɪvɪŋ ɪn ən ˈmænər. bɪˈkəz əm ˈfæsəˌneɪtɪd wɪθ ðə ˈbætəriz' ʧɑrʤ ˈlɛvəlz, aɪ juz ðə dɪˈspleɪ moʊst əv ðɪs taɪm. gʊd dil: ənˈjuˌʒuəl ˈrizən spɑrks ˈʧɛˌvi ˈmæləbu praɪs drɔp hɪrz haʊ ɔl ðɪs ˈtrænsˌleɪts ˈɪntu ˈdraɪvɪŋ ðət əˈnɔɪz ˈəðərz. praɪəs ˈoʊnərz ləv tɪ koʊst. ɔn ˈsərfəs strits, ðɪs trænzˈleɪt ɔn ˈkoʊstɪŋ tɪ stɑp saɪnz ənd ˈtræfɪk laɪts frəm ɛz fɑr aʊt ɛz ˈpɑsəbəl. aɪˈdili, jʊd ləv tɪ kəm tɪ ə stɑp raɪt æt ðə ˌɪntərˈsɛkʃən wɪˈθaʊt ˈtæpɪŋ ðə breɪk. aɪ ˈhævənt riʧt ðət skɪl ˈlɛvəl, bət əm ˈgɪtɪŋ ðɛr. ju ˈɔlsoʊ doʊnt wɔnt tɪ du ˈɛni ˈʤæˌkræbət stɑrts wɪn ðə laɪt tərnz grin. toʊˈjoʊtə ˌrɛkəˈmɛndz stɑrts frəm ˈstændɪŋ stɑps, bət ðɛrz əˈnəðər skul əv θɔt əˈməŋ ədˈvænst praɪəs ˈdraɪvərz. səm ˈɑrgju ju ʃʊd gɪt əp tɪ ˈkruzɪŋ spid ɛz sun ɛz ˈpɑsəbəl, soʊ ðə ˈgæsəˌlin ˈɪnʤən rənz fər ɛz ʃɔrt ə taɪm ɛz ˈpɑsəbəl. wəns ju hɪt ˈkruzɪŋ spid, traɪ tɪ gɪt ðə ɪˈlɛktrɪk ˈmoʊtər tɪ wərk moʊst əv ðə taɪm tɪ meɪnˈteɪn jʊr spid. ɔn ðə ˈfriˌweɪ, praɪəs ˈdraɪvərz traɪ tɪ "glaɪd", ə steɪt ɪn wɪʧ ðɛr stɪl ˈmuvɪŋ æt ˈhaɪˌweɪ spidz bət ˈjuzɪŋ noʊ ˈgæsəˌlin ˈɪnʤən æt ɔl. ðə praɪəs kən əˈʧiv ˈdisənt ˈmaɪlɪʤ æt 55 ˈɛmˈpiˈeɪʧ, bət ɛz ɪt goʊz, ˈfæstər ˈmaɪlɪʤ drɑps ˌpriˈsɪpɪtəsli. ðæts waɪ praɪəs ˈoʊnərz tɛnd tɪ bi ðə wənz ɪn ðə raɪt leɪn, ˈlɛtɪŋ ˈɛvriˌwən ɛls pæs ðɛm waɪl ˈspidɪŋ. (ənd ˈfɛloʊ praɪəs ˈoʊnərz, pliz steɪ aʊt əv ðə lɛft leɪn ɔn ðə ˈoʊpən roʊd, ˈoʊˈkeɪ?) ɪf jʊr nɑt ɔn əˈʧivɪŋ tɔp ˈmaɪlɪʤ ˈnəmbərz, ju kən du ˈprɪti gʊd ɪf ju ʤɪst juz ðə kruz kənˈtroʊl, wɪʧ meɪnˈteɪnz ə gʊd ˈbæləns. ɔn ə ˈrisənt trɪp tɪ məˈzʊri, aɪ ˈævrɪʤd 46 ˈɛmˈpiˈʤi, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ duɪŋ ðə spid ˈlɪmət ɪn ˈpleɪsɪz wɛr 75 ˈɛmˈpiˈeɪʧ wɑz ðə ˈligəl ˈmæksəməm. ðæts nɑt bæd æt ɔl. aɪ hæv tɪ ədˈmɪt, aɪ du fil ə ˈlɪtəl ˈgɪlti wɪn əm ˈpoʊkɪŋ əˈlɔŋ, ər ˈkoʊstɪŋ frəm əˈweɪ tɪ ə stɑp saɪn. aɪl lʊk bɪˈhaɪnd mi ənd ɪf ðɛr ər ˈəðər ˈviɪkəlz, aɪl θɪŋk twaɪs əˈbaʊt ɪt. əm moʊst ˈhæpi, ðoʊ, wɪn aɪ lʊk ɪn ðə ənd si əˈnəðər praɪəs. ˈʃʊrli, ðət ˈdraɪvər wɪl ˌəndərˈstænd. əv kɔrs, ðə weɪ ju draɪv ɪn ə praɪəs ɪz ˈæˌkʧuəli ðə weɪ jʊr səˈpoʊzd tɪ draɪv, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ˈɛvəri dɪˈfɛnsɪv ˈdraɪvɪŋ klæs aɪv bɪn fɔrst tɪ əˈtɛnd. wɪn aɪ wɔnt tɪ draɪv ðə weɪ moʊst ˈnɔrməl ˈpipəl du, aɪ hɑp ɪn maɪ ˈməˌstæŋ. bət naʊ maɪ ˈpoʊˌni kɑr ɪz ˈgɪtɪŋ lɔŋ ɪn ðə tuθ, ənd aɪl ɪkˈspɛkt aɪl bi rɪˈpleɪsɪŋ ɪt sun. wən əv ðə kɑz əm ˈlʊkɪŋ æt ɪz ə praɪəs si, ðə nu, sˈmɔlər praɪəs ðət gɪts ˈivɪn ˈbɛtər gæs ˈmaɪlɪʤ. ɪf aɪ du baɪ wən əv ðoʊz, aɪl bi ən əˈnɔɪɪŋ ˈdraɪvər ɔl ðə taɪm!
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why prius owners drive like that
my wife's 2012 prius model iii. it replaced a 2002 toyota highlander that got about 16 mpg in the city. my wife's 2012 prius model iii. it replaced a 2002 toyota highlander that got about 16 mpg in the city. image 1 of / 4 caption close why prius owners drive like that 1 / 4 back to gallery
my car is a 2001 ford mustang six cylinders with a 5-speed standard shift. it was my middle-aged-crazymobile when i bought it, though it's really not too crazy, because even 11 years ago i didn't want the bad gas mileage that came with an 8-cylinder 'stang.
i don't drive it too aggressively,t i do enjoy its ability to get moving quickly. and when i'm in that mood, i don't particularly want anyone slower in front of me.
i used to get irked with toyota prius owners. these guys are notorious for driving below posted speed limits, slowing to a stop far out from a stop sign or light, taking their sweet time when the light turns green or creeping through parking lots so silently that they startle pedestrians. sure, with my mustang averaging about 15 mpg in city driving, i envied prius owners' claims of 50 mpg and better,t really . . . do they have to be so pokey while doing it?
well, now that we have a toyota prius in our household, i know that the answer is . . . yes!
now, i'm one of those annoying prius drivers.
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"i can't believe you," my lovely wife said to me the other day. "you drive like an old man."
indeed i do.t man, have i got some tasty mileage numbers to show for it!
it's her prius, bought in october after her 2002 toyota highlander began racking up one repair bill after another. it's a 2012 model, the iii package, with a solar sun roof, navigation system, bluetooth audio. it's rated at 51 mpg in the city, and 48 mpg on the road. yes, that's the reverse of the way all-gasoline vehicles are usually rated by the epa,t it's common for electric-gasoline hybrids.
here's the funny thing: my wife doesn't drive like a prius owner. she still drives the car "normally".t me? i've become that guy i used to hate, and i blame it on the data.
i'm a geek, and i love as much feedback as i can get from my devices. i'm like the proverbial kid in a candy store with the prius. it turns getting great fuel mileage into a game.
first, a little bit about how the prius works.
there are two engines in a hybrid vehicle like the prius one powered by gasoline, the other by electricity from a series of batteries. sometimes the gasoline engine is used, sometimes the electric motor, and sometimes they work in tandem. a computer controls this, though you can override it to a certain extent.
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the electric motor powers the car at slow speeds, and provides an assist when extra power is needed. the gasoline engine does the heavy lifting, moving the car during acceleration and at cruising speeds.t there are times when the gasoline engine isn't used even while the car is moving quickly, and this is the nirvana to which prius owners aspire. you want the car to use as little gasoline as possible, so prius owners who play the mileage game strive for this state.
however, there's one complicating factor, and this is what makes driving a prius more gamelike. not only do you want to conserve power,t you also want to make sure the batteries stay charged enough so the electric motor can be used. if the battery gets too low, the prius uses the gasoline engine to charge it a situation you want to avoid.
so how do you keep the batteries charged? when you coast or brake, the wheels and the braking system turn into a generator, feeding current back into the batteries. coasting or braking also takes the gasoline engine out of the equation, resulting in high fuel efficiency.
helping with all this are a series of displays that are chock-full of data. next to the speedometer on the digital dashboard is a curved bar chart that shows your real-time fuel efficiency in miles per gallon. to the right of that, drivers can choose from displays that which engine is working and whether the battery is charging or discharging; fuel consumption in 5-minute increments; another bar chart showing whether you're driving in an eco-friendly manner. because i'm fascinated with the batteries' charge levels, i use the engine/battery display most of this time.
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here's how all this translates into driving that annoys others.
prius owners love to coast. on surface streets, this translate on coasting to stop signs and traffic lights from as far out as possible. ideally, you'd love to come to a stop right at the intersection without tapping the brake. i haven't reached that skill level,t i'm getting there.
you also don't want to do any jackrabbit starts when the light turns green. toyota recommends slow-and-steady starts from standing stops,t there's another school of thought among advanced prius drivers. some argue you should get up to cruising speed as soon as possible, so the gasoline engine runs for as short a time as possible. once you hit cruising speed, try to get the electric motor to work most of the time to maintain your speed.
on the freeway, prius drivers try to "glide", a state in which they're still moving at highway speedst using no gasoline engine at all. the prius can achieve decent mileage at 55 mph,t as it goes, faster mileage drops precipitously. that's why prius owners tend to be the ones in the right lane, letting everyone else pass them while speeding. (and fellow prius owners, please stay out of the left lane on the open road, ok?)
if you're not hell-bent on achieving top mileage numbers, you can do pretty good if you just use the cruise control, which maintains a good electric/gasoline balance. on a recent trip to missouri, i averaged 46 mpg, including doing the speed limit in places where 75 mph was the legal maximum. that's not bad at all.
i have to admit, i do feel a little guilty when i'm poking along, or coasting from half-a-block away to a stop sign. i'll look behind me and if there are other vehicles, i'll think twice about it. i'm most happy, though, when i look in the rear-view and see another prius. surely, that driver will understand.
of course, the way you drive in a prius is actually the way you're supposed to drive, according to every defensive driving class i've been forced to attend. when i want to drive the way most normal people do, i hop in my mustang.
but now my pony car is getting long in the tooth, and i'll expect i'll be replacing it soon. one of the cars i'm looking at is a prius c, the new, smaller prius that gets even better gas mileage. if i doy one of those, i'll be an annoying driver all the time!
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noʊt: ˈvɪdioʊz meɪ kənˈteɪn ˈɔθərɪŋ ˈɪʃuz ðət hæv bɪn fɪkst, ənd ər fər ˈprivˌju ˈpərpəsɪz ˈoʊnli. ˈvɪdioʊ rɪˈkɔrdɪŋ ˈkərtəsi əv lowlander*. ˈsiθˈri rɪˈlisɪz fər ˈeɪprəl 18 2014 nu! ðə pəˈlis (farottone*) ðə pəˈlis du du du, də ˈdiˈeɪ ˈdiˈeɪ da”*” ðə pəˈlis əv pain”*” ðə pəˈlis əraʊnd jʊr finger”*” nu! ˈsɪŋgəlz ˈɛroʊsˌmɪθ salty”*” ɛks ʤi ˈblədhaʊnd gæŋ ˈwɔtər burn”*” (lowlander*) (lowlander*) ““jordan”*” ɛm (ˈnaɪtˌmɛr ˈlaɪrə) (incl*. ˈrɪðəm gɪˈtɑr ˈvərʒən) (ˈnaɪtˌmɛr ˈlaɪrə) (incl*. ˈrɪðəm gɪˈtɑr ˈvərʒən) ˈmeɪˌhɛm ft*. rɪˈnɑrd mansion”*” (ˈnaɪtˌmɛr ˈlaɪrə) (ˈnaɪtˌmɛr ˈlaɪrə) sən goddess”*” ɛm (frin ɪn grin ˈfriˌlæns) (frin ɪn grin ˈfriˌlæns) ˈkævərn version)”*)” ɛm (frin ɪn grin ˈfriˌlæns) ə rɛd ɛks dɪˈnoʊts proʊ bæs ʧɑrts, ə blu ɛm dɪˈnoʊts fʊl multitracks*, ə blu keɪ dɪˈnoʊts ə ““karaoke”*” (ˈsɛpərˌeɪtɪd ˈvoʊkəlz), ənd ə ˈrəsti dɪˈnoʊts ðət ə bæs ˈpɛdəl ˈvərʒən ɪz ˈɔlsoʊ əˈveɪləbəl. ðɪs blu ʤi dɪˈnoʊts ˈsɛpərˌeɪtɪd gɪˈtɑr ənd bæs, wɪθ noʊ ˈəðər multitracks*. ɑr ˌænəˈvərsəri ɪz ˈoʊvər, bət ˈsiθˈri ˈplənʤɪz ˈɛvər ˈfɔrwərd ˈɪntu ə braɪt fˈjuʧər, ər səm ˈbʊlˌʃɪt laɪk ðət. ðɪs wik ɪz əˈnəðər əv ɑr ˈfeɪməs(?) vərˈaɪəti wiks, wɪθ ˈklæsɪk rɑk, ˈkreɪzi gɪˈtɑr lɪks, ɑr fərst ˈɛvər ““world”*” ˈʒɑnrə sɔŋ, gruvz, ənd dəm waɪt gaɪz. ðə pəˈlis ˈhɑrkənz bæk tɪ ðə ˈərli deɪz əv (wɛr ˈɛvəri ˈəðər wik simd laɪk ɪt hæd ðə pəˈlis ɪn ɪt) tɪ gɪv ju θri əv ðə læst fju ˈsɪŋgəlz wi hæv, ənd tɪ brɪŋ ˈjuˈɛs tɪ 14 pəˈlis sɔŋz. ðə ˈsɪŋgəlz ʃʊd bi ə bɪg hɪt ðɪs wik tu, wɪθ ˈklæsɪk ““jordan”*”, kənˈtɪnjud kæmˈpeɪn tɪ ˈɔθər ɔl əv tɔɪz ɪn ðə ˈætɪk, ənd ðə ˈsupər ˈfeɪməs nid noʊ ˈwɔtər lɛt ðə ˈməðərˌfəkər burn”*”, əˈməŋ ˈəðərz. ə fju əv ðɪs sɔŋz ər brɔt tɪ ju baɪ ˈvɛtərənz əv ˈɔθərɪŋ grup frin ɪn grin, hu hæv ˈkaɪndli stɛpt əp tɪ gɪv ˈjuˈɛs ðiz ““leftovers”*” ðət ər noʊ lɛs dɪˈlɪʃəs fər ˈhævɪŋ bɪn ɪn ðə frɪʤ fər tu jɪrz. θæŋks! (ənd θæŋks tɪ ˈnaɪtˌmɛr ˈlaɪrə fər ˈmeɪkɪŋ ɪt ˈpɑsəbəl.) waɪ ʃʊd ju ˈdaʊnˌloʊd ðiz sɔŋz? ðə pəˈlis ɑdz ər ˈvɛri gʊd hərd ɔl əv ðiz. ðə pəˈlis ʤɪst hæv ðət ˈmɛni ˈfeɪməs sɔŋz! ðə sɔft rɑk gruvz haɪd səm fən ˌɪnstrəˌmɛnˈteɪʃən, ənd ˈɛvriˌwən ˌɛnˈʤɔɪz ˈbɛltɪŋ aʊt ə gʊd stɪŋ. salty”*”: əˈnəðər tɔɪz ɪn ðə ˈætɪk riˈlis tɪ hɛlp ju flɛʃ aʊt ðə ˈælbəm! ðɪs sɔŋ ˈstɑrtɪd ɛz ə pɔrt, bət ðə ʧɑrts hæv bɪn riˈwərkt soʊ ˈhɛvəli ðət naʊ ə ˈkəstəm. ənd wən wɪθ proʊ! ˈwɔtər burn”*”: wən əv ɑr moʊst dɪˈfaɪnɪŋ dɪd wi nɑt gɪt ðɪs sɔŋ sooner?”*?” ˈmoʊmənts. ðɪs sɔŋ ənd bæd touch”*” dɪˈfaɪnd ðə fər ˈmɛni ˈpipəl, ənd naʊ ju kən sɪŋ əˈlɔŋ wɪθ ˈʤɪmi ˈlɪrɪks about…uh…stuff*. ““jordan”*”: aɪ kən pleɪ ɔn ˈɛkspərt moʊd! ˌbiˈfɔr ““ttfaf”*” ðɛr wɑz ““jordan”*”, ənd naʊ ðə ˈsərkəl ɪz kəmˈplit. moʊst əv ðə gɪˈtɑr ʧɑrt həz bɪn lɛft ˌɪnˈtækt fər jʊr nɔˈstælʤə ˈplɛʒər, bət wɪθ ˈplɛnti əv touch-ups*, ə fən drəmz ʧɑrt, ənd ə ʧɪl kiz pɑrt. mansion”*”: nɑt tɪ bi kənfˈjuzd wɪθ ðə ˈmɛtəl bænd ˈmeɪˌhɛm! ðɪs ˈsupər ˈəpˌbit ˈnəmbər ɪz ˈpərˌfɪkt fər hu wɔnt ən ˈɔsəm sɔŋ tɪ ʤæm tɪ. sən goddess”*”: ɑ jɛs, ðə ˈmɪθɪkəl wərld ˈʒɑnrə! ðɪs sɔŋ ˈdɛfənətli fɪts. ˌɪnˈspaɪərd baɪ ðə ˈɛksələnt ˈvɪdioʊ geɪm okami*, ðɪs ɪz mansion”*” pɑrt 2 wɪθ ˈplɛnti əv ˈʧælənʤɪŋ ˌɪnstrəˌmɛnˈteɪʃən. ˈkævərn version)”*)”: ðə rɪˈtərn əv ən sɔŋ wɪθ kiz, ˈhɑrməniz, ənd bæs ˈpɛdəl ˈækʃən, əˈlɔŋ wɪθ ˌɪmˈpruvmənts tɪ ɪgˈzɪstɪŋ ʧɑrts. mɔr fən! si ju nɛkst ˈfraɪˌdeɪ! nu! ðə pəˈlis nu! ˈsɪŋgəlz əˈdɪʃənəl ˈɔθərɪŋ ˈkrɛdɪt: proʊ ˈdaʊnˌloʊd bæs ˈpɛdəl ˈvərʒən ˈdaʊnˌloʊd ˈrɪðəm ˈvərʒən (ˈrɪðəm gɪˈtɑr ɔn bæs) ˈdaʊnˌloʊd ˈrɪðəm bæs ˈpɛdəl ˈvərʒən ˈdaʊnˌloʊd bæs ˈpɛdəl ˈvərʒən ˈdaʊnˌloʊd bæs ˈpɛdəl ˈvərʒən ˈædvərˌtaɪzmənts
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note: videos may contain authoring issues that have been fixed, and are for preview purposes only. video recording courtesy of lowlander.
c3 releases for april 18, 2014:
new! the police c01 3-pack (farottone)
the police – “de do do do, de da da da”
the police – “king of pain”
the police – “wrapped around your finger”
new! singles
aerosmith – “uncle salty” x g (ws54)
(ws54) bloodhound gang – “fire water burn” (lowlander)
(lowlander) buckethead – “jordan” m 2x (nightmare lyra) (incl. rhythm guitar version)
(nightmare lyra) (incl. rhythm guitar version) mayhem ft. renard – “west mansion” (nightmare lyra)
(nightmare lyra) wolfblur – “celestial sun goddess” m 2x (freen in green freelance)
(freen in green freelance) wolfblur – “frostbite cavern (rb3 version)” m 2x (freen in green freelance)
a red x denotes pro guitar/pro bass charts, a blue m denotes full multitracks, a blue k denotes a “karaoke” multitrack (separated vocals), and a rusty 2x denotes that a 2x bass pedal version is also available. this week’s blue g denotes separated guitar and bass, with no other multitracks.
our anniversary is over, but c3 plunges ever forward into a bright future, or some bullshit like that. this week is another of our famous(?) variety weeks, with classic rock, crazy guitar licks, our first ever “world” genre song, chiptune-y grooves, and dumb white guys. the police c01 hearkens back to the early days of rb1 (where every other week seemed like it had the police in it) to give you three of the last few singles we have, and to bring us to 14(!) police songs. the singles should be a big hit this week too, with gh2 classic “jordan”, ws54’s continued campaign to author all of toys in the attic, and the super famous “we need no water let the motherfucker burn”, among others.
a few of this week’s songs are brought to you by veterans of rbn authoring group freen in green, who have kindly stepped up to give us these “leftovers” that are no less delicious for having been in the fridge for two years. thanks! (and thanks to nightmare lyra for making it possible.)
why should you download these songs?
the police c01: odds are very good you’ve heard all of these. the police just have that many famous songs! the soft rock grooves hide some fun instrumentation, and everyone enjoys belting out a good sting.
“uncle salty”: another toys in the attic release to help you flesh out the album! this song started as a gh:aerosmith port, but the g/b charts have been reworked so heavily that now a custom. and one with pro g/b!
“fire water burn”: one of our most defining “how did we not get this song sooner?” moments. this song and “the bad touch” defined the ’90s for many people, and now you can sing along with jimmy pop’s lyrics about…uh…stuff.
“jordan”: i can play buckethead on expert mode! before “ttfaf” there was “jordan”, and now the circle is complete. most of the guitar chart has been left intact for your gh2 nostalgia pleasure, but with plenty of touch-ups, a fun drums chart, and a chill keys part.
“west mansion”: not to be confused with the metal band mayhem! this super upbeat chiptune number is perfect for challenge-seekers who want an awesome song to jam to.
“celestial sun goddess”: ah yes, the mythical world genre! this song definitely fits. inspired by the excellent video game okami, this is “west mansion” part 2, with plenty of challenging instrumentation.
“frostbite cavern (rb3 version)”: the return of an rbn1 song with keys, harmonies, and 2x bass pedal action, along with improvements to existing charts. more multitrack fun!
see you next friday!
new! the police c01 3-pack
new! singles
additional authoring credit: pro g/b bu columbo777
download 2x bass pedal version
download rhythm version (rhythm guitar on bass)
download rhythm 2x bass pedal version
download 2x bass pedal version
download 2x bass pedal version
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baɪ ˈfoʊˌtoʊ voʊts ər biɪŋ ˌriˈkaʊntɪd æt ðə ˈoʊklənd ˈkaʊnti ˌɪnərˈmidiɪt skul ˈdɪstrɪkt ɪn ˈwɔtərfərd, mi ɔn ˈtuzˌdeɪ, dɪˈsɛmbər 6 2016 (ˈfoʊˌtoʊ: roʊˈmeɪn blanquart*, ˈdiˌtrɔɪt fri ˈfoʊˌtoʊ fɔr deɪz ˈæftər ðə ˈmɪʃɪgən səˈprim kɔrt dɪˈnaɪd ə ˈmoʊʃən tɪ riˈstɑrt ə ˌriˈkaʊnt əv ðə ˈnɪrli ˈmɪljən ˈbæləts kæst fər ˈprɛzɪdənt ɪn ðə steɪt, ðə bɔrd əv steɪt ˈkænvəsərz wɪl mit tɪ goʊ ˈoʊvər ðə ˈlɛsənz ˈlərnɪd frəm ðə ˈpɑrʃəl ˌriˈkaʊnt. wən əv ðə ʧif θɪŋz ˈlərnɪd frəm ðə θri deɪz əv ˌriˈkaʊntɪŋ ɪn 26 ˈkaʊntiz wɑz ðə ʃɪr ˈnəmbər əv ˈbæləts ðət ˈæˌkʧuəli bi ˌriˈkaʊntɪd bɪˈkəz əv mɪˈsteɪks ɪn ðə weɪ ðə ˈbæləts wər rɪˈkɔrdɪd ər ˈbælət kənˈteɪnərz ðət wər ˌɪmˈprɑpərli sɪˈkjʊrd. ɛz ə rɪˈzəlt, ðə steɪt ˈbjʊroʊ əv ɪˈlɛkʃənz wɪl bi ˈɑdətɪŋ 20 ˈpriˌsɪŋkts ɪn ˈdiˌtrɔɪt ðət bi ˌriˈkaʊntɪd. ðoʊz ˈbæləts wɪl bi brɔt tɪ ˈlænsɪŋ fər ðə ˈɔdɪt ðɪs wik ðət ʃʊd læst fər æt list θri wiks, sɛd krɪs ˈtɑməs, dɪˈrɛktər əv ɪˈlɛkʃənz fər ðə steɪt. hæv ˈɛni səˈspɪʃən əv frɔd. wi ˈʤɛnərəli əˈproʊʧ ðɪs ɛz ˈjumən ˈɛrər," ˈtɑməs sɛd. goʊɪŋ tɪ teɪk ə lʊk æt ðɛm tɪ meɪk ʃʊr nɑt ə nid fər ˈfərðər ˌɛkspləˈneɪʃənz. ənd wɪl bi ˈtɔkɪŋ wɪθ ˈdiˌtrɔɪt stæf ɛz wɛl goʊɪŋ ˈfɔrwərd." wən ˈpriˌsɪŋkt ɪn ˈdiˌtrɔɪt ˈpriˌsɪŋkt 152 brɔt ðə ˈprɑbləm tɪ laɪt wɪn 52 ˈbæləts wər dɪˈskəvərd ɪn ðə ˈbælət kənˈteɪnər, bət 307 voʊts hæd bɪn lɔgd ɪn ðə poʊl bʊk. ðə ˈəðər 19 ˈpriˌsɪŋkts ðət wɪl bi ˈɔdɪtɪd hæd ˈsɪmələr ˈprɑbləmz. wər toʊld baɪ ðə ˈdiˌtrɔɪt ɪˈlɛkʃənz ˈbjʊroʊ ðət ə ˈnəmbər əv ˈbæləts wər faʊnd ɪn ðə bɪn ənd trænˈspɔrtəd ðə weɪ ðeɪ wər səˈpoʊzd tɪ be,”*,” sɛd frɛd ˈwʊdhəmz, ˈspoʊksmən fər ˈsɛkrəˌtɛri əv steɪt ruθ ˈʤɑnsən. nɑt haʊ səˈpoʊzd tɪ wərk." moʊst əv ðə ˈmɪsˌhæps əˈkərd ɪn weɪn ˈkaʊnti wɛr 128 ˈpriˌsɪŋkts, praɪˈmɛrəli ɪn ˈdiˌtrɔɪt, bi ˌriˈkaʊntɪd bɪˈkəz ðə ˈnəmbər əv ˈbæləts ˈdɪdənt mæʧ ðə ˈnəmbər əv ˈvoʊtərz ɪn poʊl bʊks. wən ˈpriˌsɪŋkt frəm ʤɪˈbrɔltər ˈkʊdənt bi ˌriˈkaʊntɪd bɪˈkəz ðə ˈbælət kənˈteɪnər wɑz sild wɪθ dəkt teɪp ˈæftər ðə ˈzɪpər broʊk ənd ə rɪˈpleɪsmənt kənˈteɪnər ˈkʊdənt bi ˈloʊˌkeɪtəd. əˈkrɔs ðə 26 ˈkaʊntiz ðət hæd ˈbeɪgən ˌriˈkaʊntɪŋ ðə ˈbæləts, 322 ˈpriˌsɪŋkts bi ˌriˈkaʊntɪd. ðə ˈpɑrʃəl ˌriˈkaʊnt ʃoʊd ˈdɛməˌkræt ˈhɪləri ˈklɪntən ˈnɛroʊd hər lɔs tɪ rɪˈpəblɪkən ˈdɑnəld trəmp baɪ 102 voʊts ˈæftər əˈbaʊt ˈmɪljən voʊts wər ˌriˈkaʊntɪd. bət sɪns ɪt wɑz stɑpt ˌbiˈfɔr ɪt wɑz kəmˈplitɪd, ðə ɪˈlɛkʃən rɪˈzəlts ˈsərtəˌfaɪd baɪ ðə bɔrd əv ˈkænvəsərz ɔn noʊv. 28 wɪʧ ʃoʊd trəmp ˈwɪnɪŋ baɪ voʊts ˈoʊvər ˈhɪləri ˈklɪntən, stænd. ðə ˈɪʃuz ðət keɪm əp ɪn ðə ˌriˈkaʊnt wɪl rɪˈzəlt ɪn ðə steɪt ˈstɑrtɪŋ tɪ ˌɪnˈvɛstəˌgeɪtɪŋ ˈwɛðər mɔr səbˈstænʃəl ˈɑdəts, wɪʧ kʊd ˌɪnˈklud ˈkloʊzər lʊks æt ðə ˈbæləts, ər ˈnidɪd ɪn fˈjuʧər ɪˈlɛkʃənz. ˈkərəntli, ðə steɪt ˈɑdəts ə ˈsæmplɪŋ əv ˈpriˌsɪŋkts tɪ ʧɛk haʊ ˈækjərətli ˈbæləts wər rɪˈkɔrdɪd ənd ðə sɪˈkjʊrəti əv ˈbælət kənˈteɪnərz. ˈæftər ðə ˌriˈkaʊnt, ˈtɑməs sɛd, "wi ər goʊɪŋ tɪ teɪk ə ˈsɪriəs lʊk æt ɪkˈspændɪŋ ənd duɪŋ səm ˈɑdəts ɔn ˈvɛriəs ˈreɪsɪz." ðə ˌriˈkaʊnt wɑz rɪkˈwɛstɪd baɪ grin ˈpɑrti ˌprɛzɪˈdɛnʃəl ˈkænədɪt ʤɪl staɪn, hu ˈfɪnɪʃt fɔrθ ɪn ˈmɪʃɪgən ənd rɪˈsivd əv ðə sɛd ʃi ˈwɔntɪd tɪ ɪnˈʃʊr ðə ˌɪnˈtɛgrəti əv ðə ɪˈlɛkʃən ənd sɛd ðə ˈprɑbləmz dɪˈskəvərd ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə ˈpɑrʃəl ˌriˈkaʊnt ʃʊd hæv rɪˈzəltɪd ɪn ə fʊl ˌriˈkaʊnt, ɪf nɑt ə brɔd ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃən əv ˈvoʊtɪŋ ˈprɑbləmz ɪn ðə 2016 ɪˈlɛkʃən. əˈtərniz fər rɪˈpəblɪkən ˈdɑnəld trəmp, ðə ˈmɪʃɪgən rɪˈpəblɪkən ˈpɑrti ənd ˈmɪʃɪgən əˈtərni ˈʤɛnərəl bɪl skut faɪld ˈlɔˌsuts tɪ stɑp ðə ˌriˈkaʊnt. ˈæftər ˈhirɪŋz hɛld ɪn steɪt ənd ˈfɛdərəl kɔrt, ðə ˌriˈkaʊnt ˈstɑrtɪd dɛk. 5 ənd ˈlæstɪd fər θri deɪz ˌbiˈfɔr ɪt wɑz stɑpt ˈwɛnzˌdeɪ naɪt baɪ ðə juz. ˈdɪstrɪkt ʤəʤ mɑrk ˈgoʊldsˌmɪθ. ðə ˈmɪʃɪgən səˈprim kɔrt, əˈfɪʃəli pʊld ðə pləg ɔn hoʊp ðət ðə ˌriˈkaʊnt kʊd bi riˈstɑrtɪd, wɪn ɪt əˈphɛld ə ˈrulɪŋ baɪ ðə steɪt kɔrt əv əˈpilz ɔn ˈfraɪˌdeɪ naɪt ðət ðə ˌriˈkaʊnt ʃʊd ˈnɛvər hæv ˈstɑrtɪd ɪn ðə fərst pleɪs. ən ˈɔdɪt kʊd ʃɛd səm laɪt ɔn ðə kɔz əv ðə ˈprɑbləmz ɪn ˈpriˌsɪŋkts ðət bi ˌriˈkaʊntɪd. ɪt ˈɔlsoʊ kʊd gɪv ðə steɪt ˈivɪn mɔr ˈrizənz tɪ goʊ əˈhɛd wɪθ ə ˈpərʧəs əv nu ɪˈlɛkʃən ɪkˈwɪpmənt ðət ɪz ɪkˈspɛktɪd tɪ bi ˈrɛdi fər ðə nɛkst ˈsteɪtˌwaɪd ɪˈlɛkʃən ɪn 2018 ðə ˈkɑrənt ˈvoʊtɪŋ ˈsɪstəm ˈpeɪpər ˈbæləts rɛd baɪ ˈɑptɪkəl ˈskænɪŋ məˈʃinz wɑz ˈpərʧəst ɪn 2004 ənd 2005 wɪθ ˈfɛdərəl fəndz ˈɔθərˌaɪzd θru ðə hɛlp əˈmɛrɪkə voʊt ækt. ðə ˈsɛkrəˌtɛri əv steɪts ˈɔfəs ɪz ˈsərtəˌfaɪɪŋ ə nu ˌʤɛnərˈeɪʃən əv ˈvoʊtɪŋ ɪkˈwɪpmənt fər ˈmɪʃɪgən ðət wɪl stɪl juz ˈpeɪpər ˈbæləts ənd ˈɑptɪkəl ˈskænɪŋ ɪkˈwɪpmənt. ðə steɪt həz hɛld ɔn tɪ 30 ˈmɪljən əv ˈməni lɛft ˈoʊvər frəm ðə hɛlp əˈmɛrɪkə voʊt ækt, ənd ðə ˈmɪʃɪgən ˈlɛʤəsˌleɪʧər həz əˈproʊpriˌeɪtɪd əˈnəðər 10 ˈmɪljən. ɪt wɪl bi juzd tɪ ˌriˈpleɪs ə dɪˈtɪriərˌeɪtɪŋ ˈsɪstəm ðət həz riʧt ɪts ˈjusfəl ˈlaɪfˌspæn. ɔn ɪˈlɛkʃən deɪ 2016 mɔr ðən 80 ˈɑptɪkəl skæn ˈridərz broʊk daʊn ɪn ˈdiˌtrɔɪt, ˈkɑmpləˌkeɪtɪŋ ðə ərˈɪʤənəl kaʊnt. ˈkaʊntiz, əˈlɔŋ wɪθ ˈsɪtiz, ˈvɪlɪʤɪz ənd ˈtaʊnʃɪps, wɪl hæv tɪ ʃɛr ɪn ðə kɔst əv ðə nu ɪkˈwɪpmənt. ðə prɪˈsaɪs kɔsts woʊnt bi noʊn ənˈtɪl ðə ˈvɛndərz ər ˈsərtəˌfaɪd, ˈwʊdhəmz sɛd. ðə bɔrd əv ˈkænvəsərz wɪl mit æt a.m*. ˈtuzˌdeɪ ɪn rum 426 əv ðə steɪt ˈkæpɪtəl. ˈkɑnˌtækt kæθˈlin greɪ: ər ɔn tˈwɪtər @michpoligal*. stæf ˈraɪtər ʤɑn ˈwaɪzli kənˈtrɪbjutɪd tɪ ðɪs rɪˈpɔrt. rɛd ər ʃɛr ðɪs ˈstɔri:
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buy photo votes are being recounted at the oakland county intermediate school district in waterford, mi on tuesday, december 6, 2016. (photo: romain blanquart, detroit free press)buy photo
four days after the michigan supreme court denied a motion to restart a recount of the nearly 4.8 million ballots cast for president in the state, the board of state canvassers will meet to go over the lessons learned from the partial recount.
one of the chief things learned from the three days of recounting in 26 counties was the sheer number of ballots that couldn’t actually be recounted because of mistakes in the way the ballots were recorded or ballot containers that were improperly secured.
as a result, the state bureau of elections will be auditing 20 precincts in detroit that couldn’t be recounted. those ballots will be brought to lansing for the audit this week that should last for at least three weeks, said chris thomas, director of elections for the state.
“we don’t have any suspicion of fraud. we generally approach this as human error," thomas said. "we’re going to take a look at them to make sure there’s not a need for further explanations. and we'll be talking with detroit staff as well going forward."
one precinct in detroit — precinct 152 — brought the problem to light when 52 ballots were discovered in the ballot container, but 307 votes had been logged in the poll book. the other 19 precincts that will be audited had similar problems.
“we were told by the detroit elections bureau that a number of ballots were found in the tabulator bin and weren’t transported the way they were supposed to be,” said fred woodhams, spokesman for secretary of state ruth johnson. “that’s not how it’s supposed to work."
most of the mishaps occurred in wayne county where 128 precincts, primarily in detroit, couldn’t be recounted because the number of ballots didn't match the number of voters in poll books. one precinct from gibraltar couldn't be recounted because the ballot container was sealed with duct tape after the zipper broke and a replacement container couldn't be located.
across the 26 counties that had begun recounting the ballots, 322 precincts couldn’t be recounted. the partial recount showed democrat hillary clinton narrowed her loss to republican donald trump by 102 votes after about 2.1 million votes were recounted.
but since it was stopped before it was completed, the election results certified by the board of canvassers on nov. 28, which showed trump winning by 10,704 votes over hillary clinton, stand.
the issues that came up in the recount will result in the state starting to investigating whether more substantial audits, which could include closer looks at the ballots, are needed in future elections. currently, the state audits a sampling of precincts to check how accurately ballots were recorded and the security of ballot containers. after the recount, thomas said, "we are going to take a serious look at expanding and doing some audits on various races."
the recount was requested by green party presidential candidate jill stein, who finished fourth in michigan and received 1.07% of the votes.she said she wanted to ensure the integrity of the election and said the problems discovered during the partial recount should have resulted in a full recount, if not a broad investigation of voting problems in the 2016 election.
attorneys for republican president-elect donald trump, the michigan republican party and michigan attorney general bill schuette filed lawsuits to stop the recount.
after hearings held in state and federal court, the recount started dec. 5 and lasted for three days before it was stopped wednesday night by the u.s. district judge mark goldsmith. the michigan supreme court, officially pulled the plug on stein’s hope that the recount could be restarted, when it upheld a ruling by the state court of appeals on friday night that the recount should never have started in the first place.
an audit could shed some light on the cause of the problems in precincts that couldn’t be recounted. it also could give the state even more reasons to go ahead with a purchase of new election equipment that is expected to be ready for the next statewide election in 2018.
the state’s current voting system — paper ballots read by optical scanning machines — was purchased in 2004 and 2005 with federal funds authorized through the help america vote act. the secretary of state's office is certifying a new generation of voting equipment for michigan that will still use paper ballots and optical scanning equipment.
the state has held on to $30 million of money left over from the help america vote act, and the michigan legislature has appropriated another $10 million. it will be used to replace a deteriorating system that has reached its useful lifespan.
on election day 2016, more than 80 optical scan readers broke down in detroit, complicating the original count.
counties, along with cities, villages and townships, will have to share in the cost of the new equipment. the precise costs won't be known until the vendors are certified, woodhams said.
the board of canvassers will meet at 9:30 a.m. tuesday in room 426 of the state capitol.
contact kathleen gray: 313-223-4430, [email protected] or on twitter @michpoligal. staff writer john wisely contributed to this report.
read or share this story: http://on.freep.com/2hxjuni
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stɑr rɪˈkrut ˈkirən ˈfɔrən ɪz sɛt tɪ ʤɔɪn ən ˌɪˈləstriəs kləb baɪ biɪŋ neɪmd ɛz ðə eels’*’ nu ˈkæptən æt ðə ˈsizən lɔnʧ ɔn ˈwɛnzˌdeɪ. əˈpɔɪntmənt wɪl min ðə ˈkiwi tɛst ʤɔɪnz ən ɪˈlit lɪst əv blu ənd goʊld ˈlɛʤəndz tɪ hæv ðə ilz, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ stiv ɛʤ, reɪ praɪs, ˈpitər ˈstərlɪŋ ənd ˈneɪθən. rɪˈspɛktɪd prɑp tɪm wɪl rɪˈmeɪn ɛz kləb ˈkæptən, ˈminɪŋ ðə prɑp ˈfɔrwərd stɪl rɪˈteɪnz ə ˈlidərˌʃɪp roʊl wɪˈθɪn ðə ilz. ˈkirən ˈfɔrən ɪn ˈækʃən ˈdʊrɪŋ ə ˈtreɪnɪŋ ˈsɛʃən. sɔrs: nuz ˈkɔrpərˈeɪʃən ɔˈstreɪljə waɪl həz dən ə saʊnd ʤɑb sɪns rɪˈtaɪrd, ðə əˈpɔɪntmənt əv ˈfɔrən ɪz ɪkˈspɛktɪd tɪ bi ɪkˈstrimli baɪ ðə ˈliʤən əv blu ənd goʊld fænz. ðə ilz hæv naʊ əˈsɛmbəld wən əv ðə ˈstrɔŋgəst ˈrɑstərz wɪθ ðə əˈdɪʃənz əv ˈfɔrən, ˈmaɪkəl ˈʤɛnɪŋz, boʊ skɑt, ˈmaɪkəl ˈgɔrdən ənd klɪnt ˈædɪŋ trɪˈmɛndəs dɛpθ tɪ ðə kləb. ˈoʊnli ðə ˈmænli si ˈigəlz hæv rɪˈkrutɪd ɛz wɛl ɛz ˈoʊvər ðə kɔrs əv ðə læst 12 mənθs. tɪm wɪl rɪˈmeɪn ðə kləb ˈkæptən, ˈkipɪŋ hɪz ˈlidərˌʃɪp roʊl. sɔrs: nuz ˈkɔrpərˈeɪʃən ɔˈstreɪljə ilz ˈʧɛrmən stiv ʃɑrp həz ˈpriviəsli ˈleɪbəld ðə rɪˈkrutmənt əv ˈfɔrən ɛz ˈɑrgjuəbli ðə moʊst ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt ˈsaɪnɪŋ sɪns ðə ilz ˌɪnˈsɛpʃən ɪn 1947 ðə ˈoʊnli ˈpɑsəbəl rɛd flæg fər ðə ilz ɪz ðə ˈlumɪŋ θrɛt əv ˈdɑkɪŋ ðɛm fɔr ˌkɑmpəˈtɪʃən pɔɪnts tɪ stɑrt ðə ˈsizən ɪf ðə kləb feɪlz tɪ əˈdhɪr tɪ ə ræft əv ˈkɔrpərət ˈgəvərnəns ˈʧeɪnʤɪz ˌbiˈfɔr ˈfɛbruˌɛri 29 ðə θrɛt rɪˈmeɪnz ˈvɛri ril ɛz ðə kləb kənˈtɪnjuz tɪ əˈtɛmpt tɪ θræʃ aʊt səm ˈsæləri kæp ˈɪʃuz. waɪl ˈʧɛrmən ʃɑrp həz θˈrɛtənd tɪ teɪk ðə ɔl ðə weɪ tɪ ðə səˈprim kɔrt, fɑks spɔrts həz bɪn toʊld ðə ˈgəvərnɪŋ ˈbɑdi ɪz ɪn pəˈzɛʃən əv ə ræft əv ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən wɪʧ kʊd fɔrs ðə hænd ˈɪntu ˈmeɪkɪŋ ðə ˈnɛsəˌsɛri ˈʧeɪnʤɪz.
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star parramatta recruit kieran foran is set to join an illustrious club by being named as the eels’ new captain at the club’s season launch on wednesday.
foran’s appointment will mean the kiwi test playmaker joins an elite list of blue and gold legends to have captained the eels, including steve edge, ray price, peter sterling and nathan hindmarsh.
respected prop tim mannah will remain as club captain, meaning the prop forward still retains a leadership role within the eels.
kieran foran in action during a parramatta training session. source: news corp australia
while mannah has done a sound job since hindmarsh retired, the appointment of foran is expected to be extremely well-received by the legion of blue and gold fans.
the eels have now assembled one of the nrl’s strongest rosters with the additions of foran, michael jennings, beau scott, michael gordon and clint gutherson adding tremendous depth to the club.
only arch-rivals the manly sea eagles have recruited as well as parramatta over the course of the last 12 months.
tim mannah will remain the eel’s club captain, keeping his leadership role. source: news corp australia
eels chairman steve sharp has previously labelled the recruitment of foran as arguably the most important signing since the eels inception in 1947.
the only possible red flag for the eels is the nrl’s looming threat of docking them four competition points to start the season if the club fails to adhere to a raft of corporate governance changes before february 29.
the threat remains very real as the club continues to attempt to thrash out some long-standing salary cap issues.
while chairman sharp has threatened to take the nrl all the way to the supreme court, fox sports has been told the game’s governing body is in possession of a raft of information which could force the club’s hand into making the necessary changes.
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ˌeɪˈpi ə ˈjuˈɛs tin wɑz əˈməŋ faɪv ˈpipəl ʃɑt dɛd wɪn ə ˈgənmən ˈoʊpənd faɪər æt ə ˈmɛksəkən dæns mˈjuzɪk ˈfɛstɪvəl ɔn ˈsənˌdi naɪt, ðə ˈjuˈɛs ˈɛmbəsi ənd ə ˈfæməli ˈmɛmbər həz sɛd. ðə ˈɛmbəsiz əˈfɪʃəl tˈwɪtər əˈkaʊnt ˈpoʊstɪd ðət ˈmɛksəkən əˈθɔrətiz hæv kənˈfərmd ðə dɛθ əv ə ˈjuˈɛs ˈsɪtɪzən, aɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪd ɛz baɪ hər ˈbrəðər rəˈbɛrtoʊ mɑrˈtinɛz, hu spoʊk tɪ ˈɛnˌbiˈsi nuz ɔn ˈmənˌdeɪ naɪt. actualización*: hɑn lɑ də ˈjuˈɛn estadounidense*. vilɑnˈwɛvə, ə ˈkɑlɪʤ ˈstudənt frəm ˈdɛnvər, ənd fɔr ˈəðərz wər kɪld ˈæftər ə ˈʃutər ˈoʊpənd faɪər ɔn ə kləb ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə ˈkloʊzɪŋ naɪt əv ðə mˈjuzɪk ˈfɛstɪvəl ɪn plaɪə dɛl ˈkɑrmən. juz. ˈɛmbəsi kənˈfərmz ðət juz. ˈtiˌneɪʤər wɑz kɪld ɪn ˈmɛksəkən kləb ˈʃutɪŋ twɛlv ˈpipəl wər ˈɔlsoʊ ˈwundɪd, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ə ˈwʊmən frəm spoʊˈkæn, ˈwɔʃɪŋtən, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ˈɛnˌbiˈsi əˈfɪliˌeɪt khq*. ˈspikɪŋ ˈmənˌdeɪ, ðə əˈtərni ˈʤɛnərəl əv kwinˈtænə steɪt, mɪˈgɛl ˈeɪnʤəl pɛk, sɛd ðə dɛd ˌɪnˈkludɪd tu kəˈneɪdiənz, ən ˌɪˈtæljən, ənd ə kəˈləmbiən hu wər kɪld ˈæftər ə loʊn ˈgənmən ˈɛnərd ðə blu ˈpɛrət ˈnaɪtˌkləb əraʊnd a.m*. ˈloʊkəl taɪm ˈmənˌdeɪ ˈmɔrnɪŋ ənd ˈstɑrtɪd ɪksˈʧeɪnʤɪŋ faɪər wɪθ əˈnəðər ˈpərsən. pɛk sɛd sɪˈkjʊrəti ˌpərsəˈnɛl ðɛn ˌɪntərˈvind, bət keɪm ˈəndər faɪər, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ˌeɪˈpi. ənd əˈtɛnˈdiz dɪˈskraɪbd sinz əv ˈpænɪk, ənd ˈpoʊstɪd ˈɪmɪʤɪz əv ˈpipəl fliɪŋ ðə blu ˈpɛrət kləb ɔn ˈsoʊʃəl ˈmidiə. dɛl ɛn pɔr ɛn ɪn ə ˈsteɪtmənt ˈpoʊstɪd ɔn ɪts əˈfɪʃəl ˈfeɪsˌbʊk əˈkaʊnt, ˈfɛstɪvəl sɛd ðət æt list θri əv ðə dɛd wər ˈmɛmbərz əv ðə ɪˈvɛnts sɪˈkjʊrəti tim: ðə ˈvaɪələns bɪˈgæn ɔn strit ɪn frənt əv ðə kləb ənd θri ˈmɛmbərz əv ðə sɪˈkjʊrəti tim wər əˈməŋ ðoʊz huz lɪvz wər lɔst waɪl traɪɪŋ tɪ prəˈtɛkt ˈpeɪtrənz ˌɪnˈsaɪd ðə ˈvɛnju. ðə ˈfɛstɪvəl həz bɪn ˈwərkɪŋ ˈkloʊsli wɪθ ðə ˈloʊkəl əˈθɔrətiz turistica*) θruaʊt ðə ˈfɛstɪvəl tɪ ɪnˈʃʊr ˈpəblɪk ˈseɪfti ənd sɪˈkjʊrəti fər ɔl ˈvɪzɪtərz. wi ər ˈoʊvərˌkəm wɪθ grif ˈoʊvər ðɪs ˈsɛnsləs ækt əv ˈvaɪələns ənd wi ər koʊˈɑpərˌeɪtɪŋ ˈfʊli wɪθ ˈloʊkəl lɔ ɛnˈfɔrsmənt ənd ˈgəvərnmənt əˈfɪʃəlz ɛz ðeɪ kənˈtɪnju ðɛr ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃən. ɑr θɔts ənd prɛrz ər wɪθ ɔl ðə ˈvɪktɪmz ənd ðɛr ˈfæməliz ənd ɔl ðoʊz əˈfɛktɪd baɪ ðiz ˈtræʤɪk ɪˈvɛnts. ˌeɪˈpi ˈfoʊˌtoʊ rəˈbɛkə ˈblækˌwɛl ˌeɪˈpi ˈskɑtɪʃ jackmaster*, hu wɑz ˈhɛˌdlaɪnɪŋ ðə blu ˈpɛrət kləb ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə ˈkloʊzɪŋ ˈpɑrti, hæd ˈərliər ðət ðɛr hæd bɪn fəˈtælɪtiz ənd "ˈmɛni ˈwundɪd" ˈæftər ˈsəmˌwən keɪm ɪn ðə kləb ənd ˈoʊpənd faɪər. hi wɔrnd ˈpipəl æt ðə ˈfɛstɪvəl tɪ "steɪ ɪn ər hoʊˈtɛlz." ðɪs ɪz ə ˈvɛri ˈvɛri sæd ˌsɪʧuˈeɪʃən. gɪt maɪ hɛd əraʊnd ɪt stɪl. θɔts ənd kənˈdoʊlənsəz tɪ ɔl əˈfɛktɪd ˈvæləri li, ˈdɪʤɪtəl ˈɛdɪtər fər ðə ˈjuˈɛs ɪˈdɪʃən əv mixmag*, ˈɔlsoʊ ðət ʃi hæd ˈwɪtnəst ðə ˈʃutɪŋ. ðɛr wər ˌɪˈnɪʃəli rɪˈpɔrts əv ə ˈsɛkənd ˈʃutɪŋ æt ðə ˈʤəŋgəl ˈnaɪtˌkləb, wɪʧ pruvd tɪ bi fɔls. ʃɑts ˈhæpənd ˈmeɪbi əraʊnd ənd ˈbækˈsteɪʤ ˈstɑrtɪd ˈrənɪŋ. wi kraʊʧt bɪˈhaɪnd ə wɔl, ˈstɑrtɪd seɪɪŋ ɪt wɑz ˈfaɪrˌwərks
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/ ap
a us teen was among five people shot dead when a gunman opened fire at a mexican dance music festival on sunday night, the us embassy and a family member has said.
the embassy's official twitter account posted that mexican authorities have confirmed the death of a us citizen, identified as 18-year-old alejandra viilanueva by her brother roberto martinez, who spoke to nbc news on monday night.
actualización: autoridades mexicanas han confirmado la muerte de un ciudadano estadounidense.
villanueva, a college student from denver, and four others were killed after a shooter opened fire on a club during the closing night of the bpm music festival in playa del carmen.
u.s. embassy confirms that u.s. teenager was killed in mexican club shooting https://t.co/ivzc5nm3mx
twelve people were also wounded, including a 29-year-old woman from spokane, washington, according to nbc affiliate khq. speaking monday, the attorney general of quintana roo state, miguel angel pech, said the dead included two canadians, an italian, and a colombian who were killed after a lone gunman entered the blue parrot nightclub around 2:30 a.m. local time monday morning and started exchanging fire with another person. pech said security personnel then intervened, but came under fire, according to ap.
djs and attendees described scenes of panic, and posted images of people fleeing the blue parrot club on social media. momentos exactos del pánico en #bpmfestival por balacera en #blueparrot
in a statement posted on its official facebook account, bpm festival said that at least three of the dead were members of the event's security team: the violence began on 12th street in front of the club and three members of the bpm security team were among those whose lives were lost while trying to protect patrons inside the venue.
the bpm festival has been working closely with the local authorities (seguridad publica / policia turistica) throughout the festival to ensure public safety and security for all visitors. we are overcome with grief over this senseless act of violence and we are cooperating fully with local law enforcement and government officials as they continue their investigation.
our thoughts and prayers are with all the victims and their families and all those affected by these tragic events.
ap photo
rebecca blackwell / ap
scottish dj jackmaster, who was headlining the blue parrot club during the closing party, had earlier tweeted that there had been 4–5 fatalities and "many wounded" after someone came in the club and opened fire. he warned people at the festival to "stay in ur fuckin hotels."
this is a very very sad situation. tryna get my head around it still. thoughts and condolences to all affected ♥
valerie lee, digital editor for the us edition of mixmag, also tweeted that she had witnessed the shooting. there were initially reports of a second shooting at the jungle nightclub, which proved to be false.
4-5 shots happened maybe around 2:45-3am and ppl backstage started running. we crouched behind a wall, ppl started saying it was fireworks
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google’s* ˈvɪʒən ʤɑʃ ˈrɑlɪnz blɑkt ˈfɑloʊ ˈfɑloʊɪŋ noʊv 12 2017 ˈgugəl dɔg ənd ðə ˈæpəl ˈbælənsɪŋ ækt (ˈkrɛdɪt: ˈmeɪgən vɪkˈtɔriə ˈkrɛhən) lɛt mi bi klɪr. ðə ˈpɪksəl 2 ɪz ə greɪt foʊn. ɪt ɪz ðə fərst foʊn aɪ ˈɛvər pre-ordered*. ɛz sun ɛz aɪ wɔʧt ðə ˈkiˌnoʊt, aɪ nu ðət wɑz ɪt: aɪ faʊnd maɪ foʊn fər ðə nɛkst tu jɪrz. ðɛr wər ʤɔ drɑps, ðɛr wɑz drul, ənd ðɛr ə wɪŋk tɪ mi ɛz ə ˈprɑʤɛkt fi ˈkɑstumər. dɪˈspaɪt ɔl əv ðət, ɪt ɪgˈzæktli ləv æt fərst saɪt. ðə ˈpɪksəl 2 ɪz ˈdɛfənətli gʊd ɪˈnəf tɪ kip mi ˈhæpi fər ə lɔŋ taɪm, bət ðɪs ˈɔlˌmoʊst perfect!”*!” θɔrn æt maɪ saɪd. aɪ hæv tu waɪ, google?”*?” kˈwɛsʧənz ðət aɪ pʊt tɪ rɛst, ənd ˈivɪn ðoʊ boʊθ ˈtɑpɪks wər dɪˈskəst tɪ dɛθ, aɪ stɪl baɪ ɪt. hir ju goʊ: ðə praɪs tæg ðə ˈpɪksəl 2 ɪz stɪl ə ˈprɪti əˈfɔrdəbəl foʊn, əˈspɛʃəli wɪθ ɔl ðə dilz goʊɪŋ ɔn frəm ˌvɛˈraɪzən ənd ðə laɪk. aɪ ˌmaɪˈsɛlf ˈbɛnəˌfɪtɪd frəm ˈproʊˌgræm, ənd ˈɔlsoʊ ˈpɑsəbəl tɪ peɪ ə ˈmənθli fi ˌɪnˈstɛd əv ˈkɑfɪŋ aʊt 650 ɔl æt wəns. bət ðə ˈpɪksəl 2 ʤɪst bi semi-affordable*; ɪt ʃʊd hæv bɪn ðə foʊn ˈɛvriˌwən kʊd baɪ. ðə ˈpɪksəl 2 kʊd hæv bɪn tɪ ˈɛvəri ˈsɪŋgəl hoʊm əraʊnd ðə ˈkəntri, pərˈhæps ˈivɪn ðə wərld. ɪt ʃʊd hæv bɪn ðə ˈɑbviəs ʧɔɪs tɪ ðə dɪˈgri ðət wʊd ʃeɪk əp ˈsæmˌsəŋ ənd ˈæpəl. bət ɪt isn’t*. ˌɪnˈstɛd, stɪl ən ɪkˈspɛnsɪv foʊn ðət kəmˈpits wɪθ ˈəðər ˈtrəstɪd brændz, ˈfaɪtɪŋ fər mɔr graʊnd. ɛz səm əraʊnd ðə ˈɪntərˌnɛt ʃoʊ, ðə fərst ˌʤɛnərˈeɪʃən ˈpɪksəl kɔsts əraʊnd 300 tɪ meɪk. waɪl ðɪs ɪz ən ˈɛstəˌmeɪt, ənd noʊ ˈsɪmələr ˈpɪksəl 2 ɪz əˈveɪləbəl (ðət aɪ kʊd faɪnd), ɪt ɪz ˈprɑbəˌbli seɪf tɪ əˈsum ðət ˌmænjəˈfækʧərərz ʧɑrʤ æt list ˈdəbəl ðə kɔst əv wət ðə foʊn kɔsts tɪ ˈkəstəmərz. ɪn ðə keɪs əv ðə ˈaɪˌfoʊn ɛks, fər ɪgˈzæmpəl, ˈæpəl ɪz ˈmeɪkɪŋ əˈprɑksəmətli 600 ɔn ˈɛvəri ˈjunɪt soʊld. jɛs, 650 ɪz ˈkərəntli ə fɛr praɪs tæg fər ə ˈflægˌʃɪp foʊn laɪk ðə ˈpɪksəl, bət wət wʊd hæv ˈhæpənd ɪf ˈgugəl wɑz tɪ ʧɑrʤ 500 fər ðə dɪˈvaɪs? θɪŋk əˈbaʊt ɪt. haʊ ˈmɛni ˈpipəl wʊd gɪt ðə foʊn, ənd haʊ ˈmɛni mɔr wʊd kənˈtɪnju tɪ ˈpərʧəs ðə foʊn (ənd baɪ ˈɪntu brænd) ˈæftər ðə ˌɪˈnɪʃəl lɔnʧ? ə dɪˈvaɪs ðət ɪz ˈrɪli gɪrd fər ðə ˈmæsɪz. ˈgugəl kʊd ˈɔlsoʊ juz ˈʧipər məˈtɪriəlz, laɪk (gæsp!) ˈplæstɪk, wɪʧ kən bi meɪd tɪ lʊk gʊd ənd æt ðə seɪm taɪm, ɪz mɔr ˈdʊrəbəl ðən əˈlumənəm ər glæs. glass…*… wən əv ðə θɪŋz ˈnɛvər ˌəndərˈstænd ɪz ðə haɪp əraʊnd ˈprɪti ənd ˈfræʤəl məˈtɪriəlz ðət fɔrs ˈpipəl tɪ baɪ ə keɪs ðət lʊks laɪk ɪts ˌɪnˈtɛndɪd tɪ stɑp ˈbʊləts. bət aɪ daɪˈgrɛs. ðə pɔɪnt ɪz ðət ðə ˌɪnˈvɛstmənt wɪl peɪ ˈmɛni taɪmz ˈoʊvər. ə ˈfeɪməs trɪk frəm bʊk wɪʧ wərks wɛl. nɑt tɪ ˈmɛnʃən, wɪθ ˈæpəl ˈsɛlɪŋ ɪts ˈflægˌʃɪp fər ə grænd, ˈgugəl kʊd æd ɪt tɪ ðɛr ˈmɑrkətɪŋ kæmˈpeɪn. ðə ˈɪrˌfoʊn ʤæk ˈspikɪŋ əv ˈæpəl ˈɛnvi, tɪ mi, ðə ˈmɪsɪŋ ˈɪrˌfoʊn ʤæk ɪz ðə ˈbɪgəst ˌɪnˈsəlt ɪn ðə nu ˈpɪksəl. rɪˈmɛmbər læst ˈhɛdˌfoʊn ʤæk nɑt new”*” θɪŋ? fərst ˈpɪksəl foʊn wɑz ə ˈkɑpi əv ˈsɛlɪŋ ˈstrætəʤi (ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ praɪs), bət ˈpraʊdli, nɑt ðə ʤæk. ðɪs jɪr, ɪn ə ˈjuʒəwəl ˈgugəl ˈfæʃən, ðə ʤæk ɪz aʊt. ənd ɪt stɪŋz, nɑt soʊ məʧ bɪˈkəz aɪ nid ɪt soʊ ˈbædli (ju traɪ tɪ əraʊnd wɪθ ə waɪər waɪl ˈbælənsɪŋ ˈjɔrsɛlf ɪn ə ˈbɪzi ˈsəbˌweɪ kɑr, ər ɔn ðə ɪˈlɪptɪkəl æt ðə ʤɪm, ənd tɛl mi haʊ məʧ ju laɪk waɪərz) bət bɪˈkəz ɪt filz laɪk wərdz ər (əˈgɛn) ˈɛmti əv ˈɛni ˈlæstɪŋ ˈvælju. ənd ðət ˈfilɪŋ ɪz nɑt nu, ənˈfɔrʧənətli. ˈsɛnəmənts əˈsaɪd, θɪŋk əˈbaʊt wət ɪt wʊd min tɪ hæv ə ˈflægˌʃɪp foʊn frəm ˈgugəl ðət stɪl həz ə ʤæk. tɪ dɪˈfaɪ noʊ ʤæk ˈpɑləsi? ðɪs kʊd hæv bɪn juʤ. ɪt wʊd ʃeɪk fænz ˈwərldˈwaɪd, ɪn ə gʊd weɪ. ˌɪnˈstɛd, ˈgugəl ɪz ˈfɑloʊɪŋ lɛd laɪk ə ˈbitən dɔg: ““ok*, ˈoʊˈkeɪ, aɪ gɛs ðə wərld muvd ˈfɔrwərd ənd noʊ wən laɪks ðə ʤæk anyway…*… wət wɑz ðət, ʤɑn? hir ju, tu məʧ wæks ɪn maɪ ears.”*.” ðə ˈpɪksəl 2 ɪz mɛnt tɪ bi ˈjusfəl, nɑt ˈprɪti. ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ ˈgugəl: frəm ˈstrætəʤi ɪn duɪŋ θɪŋ, tɪ ðə ˈmɑrkətɪŋ, tɪ haʊ ˈgugəl ˈsərvɪsɪz wərk ənd haʊ ˈkəstəmərz juz ˈgugəl. ə dɪˈvaɪs ðət ɪz mɛnt (ər ʃʊd bi mɛnt) fər ðə ˈʤɛnərəl ˈpəblɪk, nɑt fər ən ˈərbən hu kən ʃɛl aʊt 1000 fər ə ˈfræʤəl glæs ʤuəl. ˌɪnˈstɛd əv ˈɪməˌteɪtɪŋ ˈæpəl jɛt əˈgɛn, ˈgugəl kʊd hæv traɪəmft ɪn ɪts oʊn geɪm: ənd praɪs. ˌɪnˈstɛd, wi hæv ə foʊn ðət ɪz ˈjusfəl ɪn ˈɛni ˈpɑsəbəl weɪ, ɪkˈsɛpt wɪn ju ˈæˌkʧuəli nid tɪ baɪ ɪt. ər ʧɑrʤ ɪt ənd ˈlɪsən tɪ ˈjuˌtub rɛd æt ðə seɪm taɪm. səʧ ə ˈkɑntræst tɪ ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ ɛls gʊd ɔn ðə foʊn, ənd ə dæm ʃeɪm.
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google’s pixilated vision
josh rollins blocked unblock follow following nov 12, 2017
google dog and the apple balancing act (credit: megan victoria crehan)
let me be clear. the pixel 2 is a great phone. it is the first phone i ever pre-ordered. as soon as i watched the keynote, i knew that was it: i found my phone for the next two years. there were jaw drops, there was drool, and there a wink to me as a project fi costumer.
despite all of that, it wasn’t exactly love at first sight. the pixel 2 is definitely good enough to keep me happy for a long time, but there’s this “it’s almost perfect!” thorn at my side. i have two “but why, google?” questions that i can’t put to rest, and even though both topics were discussed to death, i still don’t buy it. here you go:
the price tag
the pixel 2 is still a pretty affordable phone, especially with all the deals going on from verizon and the like. i myself benefited from google’s trade-in program, and it’s also possible to pay a monthly fee instead of coughing out $650 all at once. but the pixel 2 shouldn’t just be semi-affordable; it should have been the phone everyone could buy.
the pixel 2 could have been google’s re-entry to every single home around the country, perhaps even the world. it should have been the obvious choice to the degree that would shake up samsung and apple. but it isn’t. instead, it’s still an expensive phone that competes with other trusted brands, fighting for more ground.
as some teardowns around the internet show, the first generation pixel xl costs around $300 to make. while this is an estimate, and no similar pixel 2 teardown is available (that i could find), it is probably safe to assume that manufacturers charge at least double the cost of what the phone costs to customers. in the case of the iphone x, for example, apple is making approximately $600 on every unit sold.
yes, $650 is currently a fair price tag for a flagship phone like the pixel, but what would have happened if google was to charge $500 for the device? think about it. how many people would get the phone, and how many more would continue to purchase the phone (and buy into google’s brand) after the initial launch? a device that is really geared for the masses. google could also use cheaper materials, like (gasp!) plastic, which can be made to look good and at the same time, is more durable than aluminum or glass. glass… one of the things i’d never understand is the hype around pretty and fragile materials that force people to buy a case that looks like its intended to stop bullets. but i digress. the point is that the investment will pay many times over. it’s a famous trick from amazon’s book which works well. not to mention, with apple selling its flagship for a grand, google could add it to their anti-apple marketing campaign.
the earphone jack
speaking of apple envy, to me, the missing earphone jack is the biggest insult in the new pixel. remember last year’s “3.5 mm headphone jack satisfyingly not new” thing? google’s first pixel phone was a copy of apple’s selling strategy (including price), but proudly, not the jack. this year, in a usual ¯\_(ツ)_/¯ google fashion, the jack is out. and it stings, not so much because i need it so badly (you try to futz around with a wire while balancing yourself in a busy subway car, or on the elliptical at the gym, and tell me how much you like wires) but because it feels like google's words are (again) empty of any lasting value. and that feeling is not new, unfortunately.
sentiments aside, think about what it would mean to have a flagship phone from google that still has a jack. to defy apple’s no jack policy? this could have been huge. it would shake fans worldwide, in a good way. instead, google is following apple’s lead like a beaten dog: “ok, ok, i guess the world moved forward and no one likes the jack anyway… what was that, john? can’t hear you, too much wax in my ears.”
the pixel 2 is meant to be useful, not pretty. it’s everything google: from google’s strategy in doing thing, to the marketing, to how google services work and how customers use google. it’s a device that is meant (or should be meant) for the general public, not for an urban high-class who can shell out $1000 for a fragile glass jewel. instead of imitating apple yet again, google could have triumphed in its own game: usability and price. instead, we have a phone that is useful in any possible way, except when you actually need to buy it. or charge it and listen to youtube red at the same time. it’s such a contrast to everything else good on the phone, and it’s a damn shame.
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ðɛrz ə ˈrəðər bɪˈzɑr sin ɪn ˌkæləˈbɑsəs, ˈkælɪf., wɛr ˈtɛrəl oʊənz bɪˈgæn ə æt 2 p.m*. ɛt. ˈɛˌnɛˈfɛl ˈnɛtˌwərk ɪz ɔn ðə sin, ənd ˈlɪndzi ˈsoʊtoʊ rɪˈpɔrts noʊ ˈɛˌnɛˈfɛl timz ər ɪn əˈtɛndəns. wɪθ noʊ wən ɔn hænd tɪ wərk ðə ˈstɑpˌwɑʧ æt ˌkæləˈbɑsəs haɪ, ˈsoʊtoʊ sɪz t.o*. meɪ skɪp ðə dæʃ. ˈwərkɪŋ wɪθ ðə waɪd rɪˈsivər wɪl bi ˈkeɪsi ˈhænsən, ə ˈfɔrmər ˈnɔrfək steɪt kˈwɔrtərˌbæk hu ˈbrifli wɑz ɪn ə ˌfɪləˈdɛlfiə ˈigəlz ˈtreɪnɪŋ kæmp ɛz ən ənˈsaɪnd fri ˈeɪʤənt. ˈeɪʤənt dru ˈroʊzənˌhaʊs həz kənˈtɛndɪd ðə ˈtaɪtənz ər ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪd ɪn oʊənz, bət ˌtɛnəˈsi koʊʧ maɪk ˈdaʊnˌpleɪd ðət, ənd sɛd ðə tim hæd noʊ plænz tɪ sɛnd ə rɛpriˈzɛtətɪv tɪ ðə ˈwərˌkaʊt. oʊənz keɪm ɔn ðə fild æt əˈbaʊt ɛt. ˈɛˌnɛˈfɛl ˈnɛtˌwərk sɛd hi hæd bɪn ɪkˈspɛktɪd tɪ əraɪv ən aʊər ˌbiˈfɔr ðə ˈwərˌkaʊt ˈstɑrtɪd. ɪf ˈɛni tim ɪz ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪd ɪn ɪm ðə bɪg kˈwɛʃən wɪl bi ðə kənˈdɪʃən əv hɪz lɛft ni, wɪʧ hæd ˈsərʤəri ðɪs jɪr. ˈɛˌnɛˈfɛl ˈnɛtˌwərks kru həz meɪd ðə pɔɪnt ðə skaʊts maɪt bi steɪɪŋ əˈweɪ bɪˈkəz ðeɪ doʊnt wɔnt əˈpoʊnənts tɪ noʊ ðɛr ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪd, ənd ðət ðeɪ stɪl kən gɪt ə gʊd aɪˈdiə əv oʊənz' kənˈdɪʃən ˈviə ðə ˈtɛləˌvaɪzd ˈwərˌkaʊt. ˈəpˌdeɪt æt ˈtɛrəl ɪz ˈgɪtɪŋ ˈrɛdi tɪ rən səm pæs rʊts, ənd həz gɔn tɪ ðə lʊk, riˈmuvɪŋ hɪz ˈtiˌsərt. ðə ʃərt t.o*. wɑz ˈwɛrɪŋ hæd "aɪ æm" ˈrɪtən ɔn ðə frənt ənd "ˈrɛdi" ɔn ðə bæk. ˈəpˌdeɪt æt 3 p.m*.: oʊənz həz ˈfɪnɪʃt ðə ˈwərˌkaʊt, ənd ˈdɪdənt rən ə dæʃ. hi toʊld ˈɛˌnɛˈfɛl ˈnɛtˌwərk ðət hi wɑz ˈhæpi wɪθ haʊ ɪt wɛnt ənd ˈwəzənt ˌdɪsəˈpɔɪnɪd ðət noʊ timz sɛnt skaʊts. "aɪ ˈoʊnli nid wən tim," oʊənz sɛd. "aɪ ˈoʊnli nid wən ʧæns."
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there's a rather bizarre scene in calabasas, calif., where terrell owens began a workout/audition at 2 p.m. et.
nfl network is on the scene, and lindsay soto reports no nfl teams are in attendance.
with no one on hand to work the stopwatch at calabasas high, soto says t.o. may skip the 40-yard dash.
working with the 38-year-old wide receiver will be casey hansen, a former norfolk state quarterback who briefly was in a philadelphia eagles training camp as an unsigned free agent.
agent drew rosenhaus has contended the titans are interested in owens, but tennessee coach mike munchak downplayed that, and said the team had no plans to send a rep to the workout.
owens came on the field at about 1:45 et. nfl network said he had been expected to arrive an hour before the workout started. if any team is interested in him the big question will be the condition of his left knee, which had surgery this year.
nfl network's crew has made the point the scouts might be staying away because they don't want opponents to know they're interested, and that they still can get a good idea of owens' condition via the televised workout.
update at 2:35: terrell is getting ready to run some pass routes, and has gone to the bare-chested look, removing his t-shirt. the shirt t.o. was wearing had "i am" written on the front and "ready" on the back.
update at 3 p.m.: owens has finished the workout, and didn't run a 40-yard dash. he told nfl network that he was happy with how it went and wasn't disappointed that no teams sent scouts.
"i only need one team," owens said. "i only need one chance."
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ˈwɪli ˈnɛlsən pərˈfɔrmz æt fɑrm eɪd 2013 æt ðə ˌsɛrəˈtoʊgə pərˈfɔrmɪŋ ɑrts ˈsɛnər ɪn ˌsɛrəˈtoʊgə spərɪŋz, nu jɔrk ɔn sɛpt. 21 2013 θri əv ˈwɪli ˈnɛlsənz wər ˈhɑspɪtəˌlaɪzd ənd ˈnɛlsənz tʊr səˈspɛndɪd ˈæftər ðə bændz tʊr bəs kræʃt ɔn ˈsæˌtɪˌdeɪ ˈmɔrnɪŋ nɪr ˈsəlfər spərɪŋz, ˈtɛksəs. "ˈwɪli ˈnɛlsənz tim ˈɪʃud ə ˈsteɪtmənt əv ðɛr ˈwɛbˌsaɪt ənd ˈfeɪsˌbʊk ðɪs ˈmɔrnɪŋ seɪɪŋ ðət ˈaɪsi kənˈdɪʃənz wər tɪ bleɪm fər ðə ˈæksədənt, wɪʧ əˈkərd æt ɔn ə brɪʤ ɔf ˌɪntərˈsteɪt 30 əˈprɑksəmətli 80 maɪəlz ˌnɔrˈθist əv ˈdæləs. "ˈwɪli ˈnɛlsənz bænd bəs (nɑt ˈwɪliz bəs) wɑz ɪn ən ˈæksədənt ˈoʊvərˈnaɪt ɔn ˈaɪsi 3 ˈmɛmbərz əv ðə ˈfæməli wər ˈhɑspɪtəˌlaɪzd. əˈdɪʃənəl ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən wɪl bi riˈlist ɛz wi gɪt ɪt," ðə ˈsteɪtmənt sɛd. ə ˈspoʊksˌwʊmən wɪθ ˈtɛksəs dɪˈpɑrtmənt əv ˈpəblɪk ˈseɪfti kənˈfərmd ðət ˈwɪli ˈnɛlsən wɑz nɑt ɔn ðə bəs ənd ðət ðə ˈdraɪvər əv ðə bəs wɑz ˈstrəgəlɪŋ tɪ ˈnævəˌgeɪt θru ˈhɛvi reɪn ənd strɔŋ wɪndz ˌbiˈfɔr ðə ˈviɪkəl kræʃt ˈɪntu ə brɪʤ ˈpɪlər. ˈtrupər ˈsɪlviə ˈʤɛnɪŋz sɛd faɪv bænd ˈmɛmbərz ənd ˈdraɪvər wər ɔn bɔrd, bət ˈoʊnli θri wər ˈɪnʤərd ənd ˈteɪkən tɪ ˈhɑpkɪnz ˈkaʊnti məˈmɔriəl ˈhɑˌspɪtəl ˈʃɔrtli ˈæftər ðə ˈæksədənt. ˈdrəmər, ˈrɑbərt pɔl ˈɪŋlɪʃ səˈsteɪnd ðə moʊst ˈsɪriəs ˈɪnʤəriz, wɪθ ə ˈbroʊkən hɪp, waɪl ˈbɪli ʤin ˈɪŋlɪʃ ənd ˈtɑməs reɪ ˈhɔkɪnz rɪˈsivd ˈoʊnli ə fju bəmps ənd ˈbruzɪz, sɛd ˈʤɛnɪŋz. ˈnɛlsənz rɛpriˈzɛtətɪv kənˈfərmd ɔl θri hæv bɪn sɪns riˈlist frəm ðə ˈhɑˌspɪtəl. ðə feɪmd əˈmɛrɪkən ˈkəntri wɑz ˈskɛʤʊld tɪ pərˈfɔrm æt ðə ˈhɔrsˌʃu kəˈsinoʊ ɪn ˈtunɪkə, mɪs., ɔn ˈsæˌtɪˌdeɪ naɪt, bət ðə ˈkɑnsərt həz bɪn poʊstˈpoʊnd, əˈlɔŋ wɪθ ðə ˈnɛlsənz læst fɔr deɪts ɪn noʊˈvɛmbər. "ðɪs jɪrz ˈwɪli ˈnɛlsən tʊr həz bɪn səˈspɛndɪd ˌɪnˈdɛfənətli," ˈnɛlsənz rɛps roʊt. "wi wɪl poʊst mɔr wɪn ɪt bɪˈkəmz əˈveɪləbəl."
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willie nelson performs at farm aid 2013 at the saratoga performing arts center in saratoga springs, new york on sept. 21, 2013.
three of willie nelson's bandmates were hospitalized and nelson's tour suspended after the band's tour bus crashed on saturday morning near sulphur springs, texas.
"willie nelson's team issued a statement of their website and facebook this morning saying that icy conditions were to blame for the accident, which occurred at 3:30am on a bridge off interstate 30, approximately 80 miles northeast of dallas.
"willie nelson's band bus (not willie's bus) was in an accident overnight on icy i-30. 3 members of the family were hospitalized. additional information will be released as we get it," the statement said.
a spokeswoman with texas department of public safety confirmed that willie nelson was not on the bus and that the driver of the bus was struggling to navigate through heavy rain and strong winds before the vehicle crashed into a bridge pillar.
trooper sylvia jennings said five band members and driver were on board, but only three were injured and taken to hopkins county memorial hospital shortly after the accident.
drummer, robert paul english sustained the most serious injuries, with a broken hip, while bandmates billie jean english and thomas ray hawkins received only a few bumps and bruises, said jennings.
nelson's rep confirmed all three have been since released from the hospital.
the famed american country singer-songwriter was scheduled to perform at the horseshoe casino in tunica, miss., on saturday night, but the concert has been postponed, along with the nelson's last four dates in november.
"this year's willie nelson tour has been suspended indefinitely," nelson's reps wrote. "we will post more when it becomes available."
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kanye* wɛst həz bɪn lɛft soʊ baɪ hɪz waɪf kɪm ˈkɑdəˌʃeɪnz ˈbrutəl ˈrɑbəri ðət hi fɪrz hɪz laɪf ɪz naʊ ɪn ˈdeɪnʤər, hɪz həz kleɪmd. fər ðə fərst taɪm, hæl ˈkɑrˌmaɪkəl huz ˈməðər ˈʃɛrəl wɑz ˈmɛrid tɪ ˈfɑðər reɪ həz ˈbroʊkən ðə ˈsaɪləns ˈoʊvər hospitalisation*. hæl ˈkɑrˌmaɪkəl 8 hæl, ˈpɪkʧərd hir wɪθ hɪz, ˈbækˈsteɪʤ æt ə ˈkɑnsərt ˈspikɪŋ ɪkˈsklusɪvli tɪ ðə sən ˈɔnˌlaɪn, hæl sɪz: "noʊ wən θɔt ˈpɛrɪs wʊd ˈhæpən ɪn ə ˈmɪljən jɪrz ənd naʊ sin ɪt ˈhæpən tɪ kɪm, traumatising*. ɪz taɪərd, hərt, hi filz bɪˈtreɪd ənd ˈprɑbəˌbli ˈfilɪŋ dɪˈprɛst. laɪk hu kən hi trəst? ju trəst ˈɛniˌwən, ˈivɪn ðə ˈpipəl bɪn peɪɪŋ tɪ prəˈtɛkt ju. ðeɪ bɪn duɪŋ ðɛr ʤɑbz kərˈɛktli. θɪŋk gɑt tɪ ə pɔɪnt wɪn hi wɑz ˈfɪrɪŋ fər hɪz laɪf ənd fər hɪz ˈseɪfti bɪˈkəz əv wət wɛnt daʊn ɪn ˈpɛrɪs aɪ θɪŋk ɪt tʊk ə toʊl ɔn ɪm. ɛndz əp ˈwɔkɪŋ əˈbaʊt ˈwəriɪŋ ənd ˈθɪŋkɪŋ, goʊɪŋ tɪ du wət tɪ me?”*?” ˈgɛti ˈɪmɪʤɪz 8 hæl bɪˈlivz ˈstɑrtɪd tɪ breɪk daʊn ˈæftər hɪz waɪf kɪm ˈkɑdəˌʃeɪn wɑz rɑbd æt ˈgənˌpɔɪnt ɪn ˈpɛrɪs hæl ədˈmɪts ðə ˈfæməli wɑz stənd wɪn ðeɪ faʊnd aʊt ðə wɑz rəʃt tɪ ˈhɑˌspɪtəl ɔn noʊˈvɛmbər 21 ˈimərʤənsi ˈsərvɪsɪz wər kɔld tɪ hɪz ˈpərsɪnəl ˈtreɪnər, ˈhɑrli hoʊm ˈæftər ðə ˈræpər ˈsəfərd psychosis”*” ɛz ə rɪˈzəlt əv ɪgˈzɔsʧən. hæl ɪkˈspleɪnz: wɑz soʊ ˈʃɑkɪŋ wɪn aɪ faʊnd aʊt hi wɑz ɪn ˈhɑˌspɪtəl bət aɪ nu ɪn maɪ ˈstəmək waɪ ˈmɛnəli ɪgˈzɔstɪd bɪˈkəz hi wərks soʊ hɑrd. hi ˈstɑrtɪd aʊt ɪn ðə ˈbɪznɪs hi həz ˈnɛvər ˈteɪkən ə breɪk, ər stɑpt ˈwərkɪŋ. lɔst ɪt raɪt naʊ bɪˈkəz ˈoʊnli ˈjumən. rɪˈleɪtɪd ˈɑrtɪkəlz taɪm tɪ griv wɛst həz 'ˈsəfərd ə ˈnərvəs ˈbreɪkˌdaʊn ˈtrɪgərd baɪ ðə ˌænəˈvərsəri əv hɪz ˈməðərz fˈjunərəl' weɪ mɔr ˈsɪriəs wɛst 'ˈsəfərz ˈmeɪʤər ˈsɛtˌbæk ɪn hɪz rɪˈkəvəri' ɛz ˈdɑktərz ˈrɛfˌjuz tɪ riˈlis ɪm frəm ˈhɑˌspɪtəl rɪˈvild ˈspɪrɪˌʧuəl ˈhilɪŋ ˈʤɔrdən ˈɔfərz tɪ hɛlp wɛst faɪnd gɑd ˈdʊrɪŋ ˈmɛntəl ˈbreɪkˌdaʊn fər ˈbɛtər fər wərs kɪm ˈkɑdəˌʃeɪn 'pʊts oʊn ˈiˌmoʊʃənəl ˈnaɪtˌmɛr ɔn hoʊld' tɪ hɛlp ˈeɪlɪŋ ˈhəzbənd wɛst ˈvɪdioʊ ˈiˌmoʊʃənəl ˈtərˌmɔɪl kɪm ˈkɑdəˌʃeɪn ənd wɛsts haʊs ˈrɛnəˌveɪʃənz 'ə sɔrs əv ˈtɛnʃən' fər ðə pɛr ʃoʊz ˈoʊvər? ðə fˈjuʧər əv ˈkipɪŋ əp wɪθ ðə əp ɪn ɛr ɛz kɪm 'stɑps ˈfɪlmɪŋ' ˈæftər wɛsts 'ˈmɛltˌdaʊn' ˌɔlˈðoʊ hæl həz nɑt sin sɪns 2014 ðə ˈfæməliz rɪˈmeɪn kloʊz. hælz ˈməðər, ˈʃɛrəl, hu wɑz ˈmɛrid tɪ ˈfɑðər, ɪz stɪl ɪn kloʊz təʧ wɪθ ˈivɪn əˈtɛndɪŋ hɪz ˈlævɪʃ ˈwɛdɪŋ tɪ kɪm ɪn ˈɪtəli. hæl, hu naʊ lɪvz ɪn sæn ænˈtoʊnioʊ, ˈtɛksəs, ədˈmɪts, hiz bɪn preɪɪŋ fər ˈɛvəri deɪ ənd sɪz hi wɔnts tɪ sɛt ðə ˈrɛkərd streɪt ɔn ðə ˈstɔriz əˈbaʊt. ˈgɛti ˈɪmɪʤɪz 8 hæl sɪz ðə ləv kɪm ənd həz ɪz 'ril' ˈæftər hi wɑz ədˈmɪtəd tɪ ˈhɑˌspɪtəl, rɪˈpɔrts kleɪmd hæd bɪn pleɪst ɔn watch”*” bət, ˈspikɪŋ əˈbaʊt ðə ˌæləˈgeɪʃənz frəm hɪz hoʊm ɪn sæn ænˈtoʊnioʊ, hæl θɪŋk ðiz ər tru. hi ædz: θɪŋk hi wʊd hæv gɑt tɪ ðə pɔɪnt wɛr hi traɪd tɪ kɪl hɪmˈsɛlf. ɪgˈzɔstɪd frəm ˈwərkɪŋ ˈoʊvər ənd ˈoʊvər ənd ˈoʊvər ənd ˈbərnɪŋ aʊt. nɑt ˈmɛnəli əˈwɛr raɪt naʊ. ə strɔŋ mæn. hɪz dæd ɪz stɪl hir, hi həz hɪz waɪf ənd tu kɪdz tɪ θɪŋk əˈbaʊt. wʊd ˈnɛvər du ˈɛniˌθɪŋ tɪ hɪmˈsɛlf ðət maɪt əˈfɛkt ðə ˈpipəl hi loves.”*.” rɛks ˈfiʧərz 8 ɪz dɪˈvoʊtɪd tɪ hɪz tu ˈʧɪldrən, seɪnt, ˈpɪkʧərd hir, ənd nɔrθ ˈɔlsoʊ, ʤɪst aʊərz ˈæftər wɑz ədˈmɪtəd ˈɪntu ˈhɑˌspɪtəl ɪt wɑz ˈɔlsoʊ ˌriˈpɔrtəd əˈtækt ˈsəmˌwən ɪn ə ʤɪm ˈʃɔrtli ˌbiˈfɔr ðə ˈæmbjələns wɑz kɔld, ˈsəmθɪŋ hæl ˌɪnˈsɪsts ɪz aʊt əv ˈkɛrɪktər. hi sɪz: nɑt æt ɔl, nɑt ə ˈvaɪələnt ˈpərsən. ˈɔlˌweɪz bɪn ə mæn leɪd bæk ənd mellow.”*.” ˈgɛti ˈɪmɪʤɪz 8 kɪmz ˈtɛrəˌfaɪɪŋ ɔrˈdil ɪn ˈpɛrɪs həz lɛft ə juʤ mɑrk ɔn ʤɪst ˈsɛvən wiks ˌbiˈfɔr wɑz ədˈmɪtəd tɪ ˈhɑˌspɪtəl hɪz waɪf kɪm ˈkɑdəˌʃeɪn wɑz gægd ənd taɪd əp ɪn ə bæθ baɪ ɑrmd ˈgənˌmɛn hu ˈreɪdɪd ðə əˈpɑrtmənt ɪn ˈpɛrɪs ɔn 2 ɑkˈtoʊbər. tʊk ə breɪk frəm hɪz seɪnt ˈpɑbloʊ wərld tʊr tɪ bi wɪθ kɪm bət rɪˈtərnd tɪ ðə steɪʤ faɪv deɪz ˈleɪtər. kɪm ˈivɪn ʤɔɪnd ɪm æt ðə ˈfɔrəm ɪn lɔs ˈænʤəlɪs ɔn ɑkˈtoʊbər 27 ənd wɑz ˈspɑtɪd ˈwɑʧɪŋ hər ˈhəzbənd ɪn ðə kraʊd. 8 kɪm wɛnt tɪ wɔʧ ɪn ˈkɑnsərt ʤɪst wiks ˈæftər hər ˈtɛrəˌfaɪɪŋ ɔrˈdil bət ɛz ðə wiks wɛnt ɔn, ˈstɑrtɪd ˈæktɪŋ mɔr ɛˈrætɪkli ˈivɪn ˈræntɪŋ ɔn steɪʤ əˈbaʊt hɪz frɛnd ʤeɪ zi, ˈbɛgɪŋ ɪm tɪ kəm ənd ˈvɪzɪt ɪm. ˈleɪtər ɔn noʊˈvɛmbər 19 pleɪd hɪz læst gɪg ɪn ˌsækrəˈmɛntoʊ, ˌkæləˈfɔrnjə wɛr hi pleɪd ʤɪst θri sɔŋz ˌbiˈfɔr ˈwɔkɪŋ ɔf steɪʤ ˈæftər 30 ˈmɪnəts. gʊd frɛnd ʤɑn ˈlɛʤənd rɪˈvild hɪz kənˈsərnz fər ðə ˈʤizəs wɔks stɑr ʤɪst deɪz ˈæftər hi wɑz ədˈmɪtəd tɪ ˈhɑˌspɪtəl. ðə ˈræpər ɪz ˈkərəntli steɪɪŋ ɪn ðə ˈhɑˌspɪtəl ənd həz hæd hɪz waɪf kɪm æt hɪz ˈbɛdˌsaɪd. tˈwɪtər 8 həgz kɪd ˌbiˈfɔr hɪz ˈmɛltˌdaʊn æt ə gɪg ɪn ˌsækrəˈmɛntoʊ, ˌkæləˈfɔrnjə ˌɔlˈðoʊ ɪt wɑz kleɪmd wɑz du tɪ liv ˈhɑˌspɪtəl ɔn ˈmənˌdeɪ, hi həz bɪn kɛpt ɪn. ər naʊ rɪˈpɔrtɪŋ həz ˈsəfərd ə "fʊl ˈnərvəs ˈbreɪkˌdaʊn" ənd ɪt ɪz nɑt noʊn wɪn hi ɪz du tɪ bi ˈdɪsˌʧɑrʤd. ˌhaʊˈɛvər hæl θɪŋk ɪt wɪl bi lɔŋ ənˈtɪl bi bæk. hi ɪkˈspleɪnz: ɪz ə ˈsɛtˌbæk fər ə ˈmeɪʤər kəm bæk fər hæv kɪld hɪz kərɪr. lɪvz ɔf ˈkɑntrəˌvərsi anyway.”*.” hi sɛd ðət ʤɔrʤ bʊʃ laɪk blæk ˈpipəl, tɪ ðə ˈteɪlər swɪft rɪˈmɑrks. ˈgɛti ˈɪmɪʤɪz 8 ðə ˈɪnfəməs 2009 ˈgræmiz ˈmoʊmənt wɪn stɔrmd ðə steɪʤ ˈdʊrɪŋ ˈteɪlər swɪfts əkˈsɛptəns spiʧ noʊ, ðə ˈgræmiz fər ˈɪnstəns, ˈpipəl hu wɪn ən əˈwɔrd ˈpipəl wɪl fərˈgɛt hu wən ðə əˈwɔrd bət noʊ wən wɪl fərˈgɛt ðət wɛst moment.”*.” hi kənˈtɪnjuz: liv ðə ˈhɑˌspɪtəl ənd goʊ hoʊm, ˈmeɪbi goʊ aʊt əv ðə ˈkəntri fər ə ˈlɪtəl waɪl hi nidz səm frɛʃ ɛr ənd du ðə θɪŋz hi laɪks tɪ. wɪl gɪt ˈoʊvər ðɪs ənd hi wɪl gɪt θru ɪt. wɪl bi ðə seɪm jɛ wɪθ ə ˈdɪfərənt kaɪnd əv ˈglɔri ənd ə ˈdɪfərənt kaɪnd əv kraʊn ðɪs taɪm around.”*.” gɑt ə ˈstɔri? 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kanye west has been left so traumatised by his wife kim kardashian's brutal robbery that he fears his life is now in danger, his stepbrother has claimed.
for the first time, hal carmichael whose mother cheryl was married to kanye’s father ray has broken the family’s silence over kanye’s hospitalisation.
hal carmichael 8 hal, pictured here with his step-brother kanye, backstage at a concert
speaking exclusively to the sun online, hal says: "no one thought paris would happen in a million years and now seen it happen to kim, traumatising.
“ye is tired, hurt, he feels betrayed and probably feeling depressed.
“it’s like who can he trust? you trust anyone, even the people you’ve been paying to protect you. they haven’t been doing their jobs correctly.
“i think kanye got to a point when he was fearing for his life and for his family’s safety because of what went down in paris i think it took a toll on him.
“he ends up walking about worrying and thinking, who’s going to do what to me?”
getty images - wireimage 8 hal believes kanye started to break down after his wife kim kardashian was robbed at gunpoint in paris
hal admits the family was stunned when they found out the 39-year-old was rushed to hospital on november 21.
emergency services were called to his personal trainer, harley pasternak’s home after the rapper suffered “temporary psychosis” as a result of exhaustion.
hal explains: “it was so shocking when i found out he was in hospital but i knew in my stomach why mentally exhausted because he works so hard.
“since he started out in the business he has never taken a break, or stopped working. lost it right now because only human.
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although hal has not seen kanye since 2014, the families remain close.
hal's mother, cheryl, who was married to kanye's father, is still in close touch with kanye - even attending his lavish wedding to kim in italy.
hal, who now lives in san antonio, texas, admits, he's been praying for kanye every day and says he wants to set the record straight on the stories about kanye.
getty images - wireimage 8 hal says the love kim and kanye has is 'real'
after he was admitted to hospital, reports claimed kanye had been placed on “suicide watch” but, speaking about the allegations from his home in san antonio, hal doesn’t think these are true.
he adds: “i think he would have got to the point where he tried to kill himself.
“he’s exhausted from working over and over and over and burning out. not mentally aware right now.
“but a strong man. his dad is still here, he has his wife and two kids to think about. kanye would never do anything to himself that might affect the people he loves.”
rex features 8 kanye is devoted to his two children, saint, pictured here, and north
also, just hours after kanye was admitted into hospital it was also reported he’d attacked someone in a gym shortly before the ambulance was called, something hal insists is out of character.
he says: “that’s not kanye at all, not a violent person.
“he’s always been a man who’s laid back and mellow.”
getty images - wireimage 8 kim's terrifying ordeal in paris has left a huge mark on kanye
just seven weeks before kanye was admitted to hospital his wife kim kardashian was gagged and tied up in a bath by armed gunmen who raided the couple’s apartment in paris on 2 october.
kanye took a break from his saint pablo world tour to be with kim but returned to the stage five days later.
kim even joined him at the forum in los angeles on october 27 and was spotted watching her husband in the crowd.
xposure 8 kim went to watch kanye in concert just weeks after her terrifying ordeal
but as the weeks went on, kanye started acting more erratically even ranting on stage about his friend jay z, begging him to come and visit him.
later on november 19, kanye played his last gig in sacramento, california where he played just three songs before walking off stage after 30 minutes.
kanye’s good friend john legend revealed his concerns for the jesus walks star just days after he was admitted to hospital.
the rapper is currently staying in the ucla hospital and has had his wife kim at his bedside.
twitter / @joshua_hoover 8 kanye hugs kid cudi before his meltdown at a gig in sacramento, california
although it was claimed kanye was due to leave hospital on monday, he has been kept in.
tmz are now reporting kanye has suffered a "full nervous breakdown" and it is not known when he is due to be discharged.
however hal doesn’t think it will be long until kanye be back.
he explains: “this is a setback for a major come back for kanye
“this won’t have killed his career. kanye lives off controversy anyway.”
“when he said thatorge bush doesn’t like black people, to the taylor swift remarks.
getty images - filmmagic 8 the infamous 2009 grammy's moment when kanye stormed the stage during taylor swift's acceptance speech
“you know, the grammys for instance, people who win an award people will forget who won the award but no one will forget that kanye west moment.”
he continues: “he’ll leave the hospital and go home, maybe go out of the country for a little while he needs some fresh air and do the things he likes to.
“kanye willt over this and he willt through it.
“he will be the same ye with a different kind of glory and a different kind of crown this time around.”
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ɪt simz ðət əˈbaʊt wəns ə wik, aɪ gɪt ə ˈmɛsɪʤ laɪk ðɪs wən: ““so*, aɪ nid tɪ lərn əˈbaʊt ðɪs du aɪ start?”*?” ɪn ðə ˈɪntərɪsts əv nɑt ˈhævɪŋ tɪ kip ˈsɛndɪŋ ðə seɪm iˈmeɪl ˈoʊvər ənd ˈoʊvər əˈgɛn, aɪ θɔt aɪ wʊd kriˈeɪt ə ˈlɪtəl blɔg poʊst wɛr aɪ kəmˈpaɪl lɪŋks tɪ maɪ ˈfeɪvərɪt bʊks,, tɔks, ˌɛtˈsɛtərə, fər ˈizi re-use*. bi ˈædɪŋ tɪ ðɪs poʊst ˈoʊvər taɪm ɛz aɪ kəm əˈkrɔs nu stəf. ˈwɔrnɪŋ ðɪs poʊst ɪz ˈbeɪsɪkli ə əv ən iˈmeɪl aɪ kip ˈsɛndɪŋ, ənd ˈðɛrˌfɔr ɪz nɑt ˌkɑmpriˈhɛnsɪv, ənd ˈprɑbəˌbli ə bɪt mɔr ˌɛdəˈtɔriəˌlaɪzd ðət ɪt ʃʊd bi. fər naʊ, aɪ ˈwɔntɪd tɪ gɪt ɔl ðə lɪŋks əp, ənd dil wɪθ ðə proʊz ˈleɪtər. bʊks _ðə ˈfinɪks ˈprɑʤɛkt_ ðɪs ɪz jʊr ““why”*” fər, toʊld ɪn ðə fɔrm əv ə ˈnɑvəl. stɑp wət ju ər duɪŋ, rɛd ðɪs, ənd ðɛn kəm bæk. weɪt. kənˈtɪnjuəs dɪˈlɪvəri ɪn səm weɪz, ə dɪˈfɪnɪtɪv wərk fər. ju hæv tɪ du ˈsiˈdi tɪ du, bət ju ʃʊd rɛd ðɪs bʊk ˈɛniˌweɪ. _lin ˈɛnərˌpraɪz: əˈdɑptɪŋ kənˈtɪnjuəs dɪˈlɪvəri,, ənd lin ˈstɑrˌtəp æt skeɪl əˈnəðər bʊk baɪ ˈhəmbəl, ənd wərθ ˈrɛdɪŋ ɪf ju θɪŋk ɪz ʤɪst fər ˈstɑrˌtəps (ˈspɔɪlər əˈlərt: nɑt). ər ə greɪt weɪ tɪ lərn əˈbaʊt nu stəf, ənd aɪ ləv ðɛm. ðɪs ɪz nɑt ə ˌkɑmpriˈhɛnsɪv lɪst əv, baɪ ˈɛni minz ərˈɛstɪd aɪ ðɪs ˈpɔdˌkæst wɪθ ˈtrɛvər hɛs, ənd ɑr ˌɪnˈtɛnt ɪz tɪ bi ə ˌɪntrəˈdusɪŋ ˈkɑnsɛpts ənd dɪˈskəʃənz fər ˈsəmˌwən nu tɪ, ənd ðɛn ju kən ““graduate”*” ɔn tɪ ðə ˈhɑrdər stəf ˈlɪstɪd bɪˈloʊ. kəˈfeɪ ðiz djudz ər ˈhɑrdˈkɔr ənd haʊ aɪ ˈstɑrtɪd ˈlərnɪŋ əˈbaʊt. ˈprɪti ˌɪnˈtɛns ənd ju maɪt wɔnt tɪ ˈlɛvəl əp ɔn səm ˈəðər stəf ˌbiˈfɔr ju ˈlɪsən tɪ ðɛm bɪˈkəz ə lɔt əv ɪt wɪl nɑt meɪk sɛns wɪˈθaʊt ˈbækˌgraʊnd. aɪ stɪl ˈoʊnli ˌəndərˈstænd əˈbaʊt hæf əv wət ʤɑn ənd ˈdeɪmən ər ˈtɔkɪŋ əˈbaʊt. ðə ʃɪp ʃoʊ ˈprɪti brɔd ɪn ˈtɑpɪk, soʊ ju maɪt wɔnt tɪ ˈʧɛri pɪk θru ˈɛpɪˌsoʊdz fər ðə stəf. pɔl ɪz ə ˈrɪli gʊd ˈɪntərvˌjuər ənd wɪn ðeɪ hæv ɔn gʊd gɛsts aɪ ˈɔlˌweɪz lərn ə lɔt. əˈdu ˈɛpɪˌsoʊdz ɪn ˌpɑˈtɪkjələr ðiz ər θri ˈɛpɪˌsoʊdz əv maɪ ˈpɔdˌkæst ju ʃʊd ˈlɪsən tɪ ɪf ju ˈlɪsən tɪ ˈɛni ˈəðərz. haʊ tɪ əp æt etsy*: nɑt ə ˈjunɪˌkɔrn, ʤɪst ə ˈspɑrkli hɔrs tɔks ˈʤəstɪn ˈɑrbəkəl, ðə weɪl ɪn lɑrʤ enterprises”*” (ðɪs ɪz əˈbaʊt haʊ ˈʤəstɪn hɛlpt ˈɪmpləmənt æt ˈkæpɪtəl, ənd ɪz wən əv maɪ ˈfeɪvərɪt tɔks, ˈivɪn ɪf ə ˈlɪtəl wɪrd) 2014 ˈkiˌnoʊt baɪ ˈædəm ˈʤeɪkəb (ˈædəm tɔks əˈbaʊt ə lɔt əv θɪŋz wɪθ ˈbɪldɪŋ hjuˈmeɪn ˈsɪstəmz, ənd ɪz ə greɪt ˈspikər, ənd nɑt ʤɪst seɪɪŋ ðət bɪˈkəz ɑr ˈfaʊndər) 10 dɪˈplɔɪz pər deɪ: dɛv ənd ɑps kˌwɔpərˈeɪʃən æt ˈflɪkər (ðɪs wɑz frəm vəˈlɑsəti 2009 ənd ˈrɪli wɑz ə lɔt əv ðə ˈʤɛnəsəs əv) ˈhəmbəl, ˈkəlʧər ənd ˈpræktɪsɪz tɪ kriˈeɪt flow”*” ˈmaɪkəl goʊt ənd ðə silo”*” (slaɪdz ʤeɪ. pɔl rid θri dɪˈstrəktɪv mɪθs əv ˈmaɪkəl dɪˈstrɔɪɪŋ devops”*” beɪts ˈpɪksi dəst nɑt included”*” ˈhɛðər rɔs ˈklæntən æt target”*” ˈhɑrvi noʊ horseshit”*” (ðɪs ɪz ʤɪst ə fən ˈlɪtəl ˈvɪdioʊ) pit ˈʧɛslək tɪ feɪl æt wɪθ wən wɪrd trick”*” ˈændru kleɪ ˈʃeɪfər wən tru devops”*” (aɪ faɪnd ðə ˈvɪdioʊ əv ðɪs) blɔgz wət ɪz ðɪs θɪŋ ˈɛniˌweɪ? (ˈpætrɪk ɪz kaɪnd əv ðə ““godfather”*” əv ənd ðɪs ɪz ə blɔg poʊst əv hɪz frəm əˈbaʊt 4 jɪrz əˈgoʊ ðət ˈsəmərˌaɪzɪz səm əv ðə ˌɪˈnɪʃəl θɔts ɔn ɪt) ðə ˈtaɪtəl mæʧ (ðɪs ɪz ə blɔg poʊst baɪ ðət ˈɛvriˌwən ləvz kˈwoʊtɪŋ) ˈhɪpstər ˈhæpənz tɪ ðə bɛst əv ˈjuˈɛs (ˈoʊˈkeɪ, faɪn, aɪ roʊt ðɪs poʊst)
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it seems that about once a week, i get a message like this one:
“so, i need to learn about this devops thing…where do i start?”
in the interests of not having to keep sending the same email over and over again, i thought i would create a little blog post where i compile links to my favorite books, podcasts, talks, etc, for easy re-use. i’ll be adding to this post over time as i come across new stuff.
warning – this post is basically a copypasta of an email i keep sending, and therefore is not comprehensive, and probably a bit more editorialized that it should be. for now, i wanted to get all the links up, and i’ll deal with the prose later.
books
_the phoenix project_ – this is your “why” for devops, told in the form of a novel. stop what you are doing, read this, and then come back. we’ll wait.
continuous delivery – in some ways, a definitive work for devops. you don’t have to do cd to do devops, but you should read this book anyway.
_lean enterprise: adopting continuous delivery, devops, and lean startup at scale _– another book by jez humble, and worth reading if you think devops is just for startups (spoiler alert: it’s not).
podcasts
podcasts are a great way to learn about new stuff, and i love them. this is not a comprehensive list of devops podcasts, by any means
arrested devops – i co-host this podcast with trevor hess, and our intent is to be a “devops 101” – introducing concepts and discussions for someone new to devops, and then you can “graduate” on to the harder stuff listed below.
devops cafe – these dudes are hardcore and how i started learning about devops. pretty intense and you might want to level up on some other stuff before you listen to them because a lot of it will not make sense without background. i still only understand about half of what john and damon are talking about.
the ship show – pretty broad in topic, so you might want to cherry pick through episodes for the devops stuff. paul is a really good interviewer and when they have on good guests i always learn a lot.
ado episodes in particular
these are three episodes of my podcast you should listen to if you don’t listen to any others.
how to eff up devops
devops at etsy: not a unicorn, just a sparkly horse
devops mythbusters
talks
justin arbuckle, “hunting the devops whale in large enterprises” (this is about how justin helped implement devops at ge capital, and is one of my favorite talks, even if it’s a little weird)
chefconf 2014 keynote by adam jacob (adam talks about a lot of things with building humane systems, and is a great speaker, and i’m not just saying that because he’s our founder)
10+ deploys per day: dev and ops cooperation at flickr (this was from velocity 2009 and really was a lot of the genesis of devops)
jez humble, “devops culture and practices to create flow”
michael ducy “the goat and the silo” (slides
j. paul reed – three destructive myths of devops
michael ducy “why you’re destroying devops”
sascha bates “magic pixie dust not included”
heather mickman & ross clanton “devops at target”
nathen harvey “devops – no horseshit” (this is just a fun little video)
pete cheslock “how to fail at devops with one weird trick”
andrew clay shafer “no one true devops” (i can’t find the video of this)
blogs
what is this devops thing anyway? (patrick debois is kind of the “godfather” of devops and this is a blog post of his from about 4 years ago that summarizes some of the initial thoughts on it)
devops – the title match (this is a blog post by lusis that everyone loves quoting)
hipster devops happens to the best of us (ok, fine, i wrote this post)
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juz. ˈdɪstrɪkt kɔrt fər ðə ˈnɔrðərn ˈdɪstrɪkt əv ˈtɛksəs ʤəʤ rid ˈɪʃud ə prɪˈlɪməˌnɛri ˌɪnˈʤəŋʃən ˈsæˌtɪˌdeɪ, ˈblɑkɪŋ ðə ˈfɛdərəl ˈgəvərnmənt frəm ɛnˈfɔrsɪŋ ən ˌoʊˈbɑmə ædˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃən ˌrɛgjəˈleɪʃən dɪˈskrɪməˌneɪtɪŋ ɔn ðə ˈbeɪsɪs əv identity’*’ ənd əv pregnancy’”*’” ˈəndər obamacare*. ðə ˌrɛgjəˈleɪʃən wʊd hæv ˈteɪkən ˈifɛkt ɔn ˈʤænjuˌɛri 1 ðə ˈlɔˌsut wɑz brɔt baɪ ˈtɛksəs ənd ˈəðər steɪts, ənd səm rɪˈlɪʤəsli əˈfɪliˌeɪtɪd nɑnˈprɑfət ˈmɛdɪkəl grups. ðə ˈpleɪnɪfs kleɪmd ðə ˌɪnˌtərprɪˈteɪʃən əv sɛks dɪˌskrɪməˈneɪʃən ˈprɛʃərz ˈdɑktərz tɪ dɪˈlɪvər ˈhɛlθˌkɛr ɪn ə ˈmænər ðət ˈvaɪəleɪts ðɛr rɪˈlɪʤəs ˈfridəm, θwɔrts ðɛr ˌɪndɪˈpɛndənt ˈmɛdɪkəl ˈʤəʤmənt ənd wɪl ˌrikˈwaɪər ˈbərdənsəm ˈʧeɪnʤɪz tɪ ðɛr hɛlθ ˌɪnˈʃʊrəns plænz ɔn ˈʤænjuˌɛri 1 2017 ðeɪ ˈɔlsoʊ ˈɑrgjud ðət ðə ˌrɛgjəˈleɪʃən ˈvaɪəleɪts ðə ədˈmɪnɪˌstreɪtɪv prəˈsiʤər ækt (apa*) wɪʧ sɛts ðə rulz fər ˈfɛdərəl ˈgəvərnmənt ənd ðə rɪˈlɪʤəs ˈfridəm ˌrɛstərˈeɪʃən ækt (rfra*). ʤəʤ rid ˈsaɪdɪd wɪθ ðə ˈpleɪnɪfs hu ˈɑrgjud ðət ðə rul ˈvaɪəleɪtɪd rɪˈlɪʤəs ˈfridəm. ɪn hɪz dɪˈsɪʒən, ʤəʤ ˈɑrgjud ðət ðə ˈpleɪnɪfs hæd ʃoʊn ðət ðə ˌrɛgjəˈleɪʃən wʊd hɑrm ðɛm, ənd ðət ðə ˌoʊˈbɑmə ædˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃən lækt ə ˈbeɪsɪs fər ɪts ˌdɛfəˈnɪʃən əv ˈʤɛndər aɪˈdɛntəˌti: ðə ˈjusɪʤ əv ðə tərm sɛks ɪn ðə jɪrz sɪns ˈtaɪtəl ɛˈnæktmənt ˈboʊlstərz ðə kənˈkluʒən ðət ɪts ˈkɑmən ˈminɪŋ ɪn 1972 ənd 2010 rɪˈfərd tɪ ðə ˈbaɪnəˌri, ˌbaɪəˈlɑʤɪkəl ˈdɪfərənsɪz bɪtˈwin meɪlz ənd ˈfiˌmeɪlz. praɪər tɪ ðə ˈpæsɪʤ əv ðə ˈækə ɪn 2010 ənd fər mɔr ðən ˈfɔrti jɪrz ˈæftər ðə ˈpæsɪʤ əv ˈtaɪtəl ɪn 1972 noʊ ˈfɛdərəl kɔrt ər ˈeɪʤənsi hæd kənˈkludɪd sɛks ʃʊd bi dɪˈfaɪnd tɪ ˌɪnˈklud ˈʤɛndər aɪˈdɛntəˌti. waɪl ðə əˈfɔrdəbəl kɛr ækt dɪd nɑt ˌɪnˈklud ɪkˈspænsɪv ˈlæŋgwɪʤ əˈbaʊt ˈʤɛndər aɪˈdɛntəˌti, ðə ædˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃən həz, sɪns 2013 ˈɪʃud ə ˈsɪriz əv ˈrulɪŋz ˈmeɪkɪŋ ɪt ˈiziər fər ˈtrænzˈʤɛndər əˈmɛrɪkənz tɪ juz ˈgəvərnmənt ˈsərvɪsɪz ɪn əˈkɔrdəns wɪθ ðət aɪˈdɛntəˌti. bɪˈkəz ˈtaɪtəl ɪz ˈrɛfərənst ɛz prəˈvaɪdɪŋ ðə ˌɪnˌtərprɪˈteɪʃən əv sɛks dɪˌskrɪməˈneɪʃən bæn, faʊnd ðət ˌoʊˈbɑmə ɪkˈspændɪd ˌdɛfəˈnɪʃən əv sɛks dɪˌskrɪməˈneɪʃən ɪkˈsidz ðə [ˈtaɪtəl] graʊnz prəˈvaɪdɪd fər ɪn ðə ˈækə, ˈmeɪkɪŋ ðət prəˈvɪʒən ˈkɑntrɛri tɪ lɔ ənd ə vaɪəˈleɪʃən əv ðə apa*. ʤəʤ ˈɔlsoʊ faʊnd ðət ðə ˈfeɪljər tɪ ˌɪnˈklud ðə rɪˈlɪʤəs ɪgˈzɛmpʃənz faʊnd ɪn ˈtaɪtəl ɪt ˈkɑntrɛri tɪ law.”*.” ɪn əˈdɪʃən ðə ʤəʤ faʊnd ə likelihood”*” ðət ðə ˈpleɪnɪfs wʊd səkˈsid ɪn ðɛr rɪˈlɪʤəs ˈfridəm kleɪm bɪˈkəz ““numerous”*” ˈəðər ˈɔpʃənz wər əˈveɪləbəl tɪ ðə ˈgəvərnmənt fər ““expand[ing*] ˈækˌsɛs tɪ trænˈzɪʃən ənd əˈbɔrʃən procedures,”*,” ðə rul ɪz nɑt ðə riˈstrɪktɪv means”*” əv ədˈvænsɪŋ ðət ˈɪntəˌrɛst ɛz rikˈwaɪərd baɪ ðə rfra*. ðə dɪˈsɪʒən kən bi rɛd hir.
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u.s. district court for the northern district of texas judge reed o’connor issued a preliminary injunction saturday, blocking the federal government from enforcing an obama administration regulation which“forbids discriminating on the basis of ‘gender identity’ and ‘termination of pregnancy’” under obamacare. the regulation would have taken effect on january 1.
the lawsuit was brought by texas and other states, and some religiously affiliated nonprofit medical groups.
the plaintiffs claimed the regulation’s interpretation of sex discrimination pressures doctors to deliver healthcare in a manner that violates their religious freedom, thwarts their independent medical judgment and will require burdensome changes to their health insurance plans on january 1, 2017. they also argued that the regulation violates the administrative procedure act (apa) — which sets the rules for federal government rule-making — and the religious freedom restoration act (rfra).
judge reed o’connor sided with the plaintiffs who argued that the administration’s rule violated religious freedom. in his decision, judge o’connor argued that the plaintiffs had shown that the regulation would harm them, and that the obama administration lacked a basis for its definition of gender identity:
the government’s usage of the term sex in the years since title ix’s enactment bolsters the conclusion that its common meaning in 1972 and 2010 referred to the binary, biological differences between males and females. prior to the passage of the aca in 2010 and for more than forty years after the passage of title ix in 1972, no federal court or agency had concluded sex should be defined to include gender identity.
while the affordable care act did not include expansive language about gender identity, the administration has, since 2013, issued a series of rulings making it easier for transgender americans to use government services in accordance with that identity.
because title ix is referenced as providing the interpretation of obamacare’s sex discrimination ban, o’connor found that obama administration’s expanded definition of sex discrimination exceeds the [title ix] grounds provided for in the aca, making that provision contrary to law and a violation of the apa.
judge o’connor also found that the regulation’s failure to include the religious exemptions found in title ix “renders it contrary to law.” in addition the judge found a “substantial likelihood” that the plaintiffs would succeed in their religious freedom claim because “numerous” other options were available to the government for “expand[ing] access to transition and abortion procedures,” the rule is not the “least restrictive means” of advancing that interest — as required by the rfra.
the decision can be read here.
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əˈkrɔs fər ənd goʊld ənd tu sənz, məʧ əv ˈmɪstɪk brænd əv pɑp ˌɪnˈvɑlvd ə ˈtɛnʃən bɪtˈwin ˈsɪmpəθi ənd ˈsəmθɪŋ mɔr roʊg, hər ˈgaɪlləs vɔɪs ˈkipɪŋ ðə flaɪts əv ˈfænsi ʤɪst ɪˈnəf. ʃi wɔnts ðə nu ˈælbəm tɪ saʊnd laɪk ˌɪnˈvɛntər ˈlɪvɪŋ ɪn ə lighthouse”*” ˈsəmˌwɛr ɔn ðə ˈɪŋlɪʃ koʊst. twɪst jʊr ɪr ðə raɪt weɪ ənd ju kən sɔrt əv hir ɪt: ðət salt-washed*, ˈwɛðərd, məˈkænɪkəl, ˈaɪsəˌleɪtɪd, ˈmæʤɪkəl, ˈgaɪdɪŋ fil, ˈlʊkɪŋ tɪ ə mæn huz ˈpərpəs ɪz tɪ ˈʤɛnərˌeɪt bimz əv laɪt ɛz wɛl ɛz ˈmoʊmənts. kɑn roʊt ə sɔŋ əˈbaʊt ə ˈlaɪˌthaʊs ˈkipər əv sɔrts fər ðə ˈhɔntɪd mæn, ðoʊ ɪt meɪk ðə ˈfaɪnəl ˈrɛkərd. ˈhoʊpfəli riˈlis ɪt wən deɪ, ɛz ðə ˈkɑnsɛpt ɪz bewitching*: ʃi ˌɪˈmæʤənd biɪŋ ðə waɪf əv dəʧ ˈskəlptər ˈθioʊ ˈʤænsən, bɛst noʊn ɛz ðə kriˈeɪtər əv ɪˈnɔrmɪs, animal-like*, ˈmuvɪŋ ˈstrəkʧərz dəbd strandbeests*. ɪn ðə sɔŋ, kɑn həz tɪ kəmˈpit wɪθ ðə bists fər ðɛr ləv, ˈreɪsɪŋ wɪθ ðɛm ˈɛvəri deɪ ɪn ˈɔrdər tɪ wɪn hɪz əˈfɛkʃən. əˈbaʊt mɔr ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt: jʊr ˈpərsɪnəl laɪf, ər ðə ɑrt ðət ju meɪk. ɪn mɑrʧ 2010 nəˈtɑʃə kɑn rɪˈtərnd hoʊm frəm ˈtʊrɪŋ tu sənz ənd kloʊzd ðə dɔr tɪ hər flæt ɪn ˈbraɪtən, ɔn saʊθ koʊst. əˈloʊn. hər riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪp wɪθ ðə ˈbrʊklɪn mjuˈzɪʃən hu ˌɪnˈspaɪərd ðət ˈælbəm hæd ˈɛndɪd, ənd ʃi fɛlt ə væst ˈɛmtinəs ɪn hər oʊn hoʊm. ˈloʊnlinəs ənd kwaɪət ˈstɑrknɪs əv ðət ɪz overwhelming,”*,” ʃi sɪz ˈərliər ɪn ðə ˈsəmər, ɔn ən ənˈbɛrəbli hɑt ˌʤuˈlaɪ deɪ ɪn ə ˈləndən pəb ˈgɑrdən. traɪd tɪ ˌriəˈbɪləˌteɪt ˌmaɪˈsɛlf, riˈbɪldɪŋ səm sɛns əv hu aɪ æm wɪˈθaʊt ðə music.”*.” kɑn ʃət hərˈsɛlf əˈweɪ, əˈtɛmptɪŋ tɪ kjʊr ðə proʊˈfaʊnd blɑk ʃi wɑz ɪkˈspɪriənsɪŋ ɪn ˈɔrdər tɪ ˈrɛkənˌsaɪl hər sɛns əv sɛlf. ʃi hæd bɪn ˈraɪtɪŋ sɔŋz sɪns ðə eɪʤ əv 11 wɪn ʃi tʊk əp ðə piano—*— ˈlərnɪŋ θru hər oʊn ˌɪmprɑvɪˈzeɪʃən, ˈrəðər ðən ˈlɛsənz. wɑz ˈrɛdi tɪ gɪv əp mˈjuzɪk entirely,”*,” ʃi sɪz. fɛlt blɑkt ɪn ɔl sɔrts əv ˈɛriəz. ɪt wɑz əˈbaʊt biɪŋ ˈbrudi fər ˈiðər ˈʧɪldrən ər nu kriˈeɪtɪv aɪˈdiəz ər ən ɪˈpɪfəni. aɪ wɑz ʤɪst laɪɪŋ ɪn ə hɑt rum wɪθ noʊ- wən ˈkəmɪŋ, ˈnəθɪŋ ˈhæpənɪŋ, noʊ ideas.”*.” ʃi ræŋ tɑm fər ˈlæʃɪz ˈoʊpənd fər ɪn æsk, du ju du wɪn ju fil laɪk goʊɪŋ tɪ daɪ bɪˈkəz ju raɪt anything?”*?” hi toʊld hər tɪ drɔ. soʊ kɑn ɛnˈroʊld ɪn ə ˌɪləˈstreɪʃən kɔrs ənd ˈklæsɪz, ənd fɪld rimz əv ˈskɛʧˌbʊk ˈpeɪpər wɪθ hər imaginings*. ʃi ˈɔlsoʊ bɔt ə ˈkɪtən, bɪˈkeɪm ə dæb hænd æt groʊɪŋ dahlias*, sɔt kriˈeɪtɪv ˈsəkər frəm ə ˈfɔrmər ɑrt prəˈfɛsər, ənd ˈstɑrtɪd ˈteɪkɪŋ ˌɪnˈtɛnsɪv dæns ˈlɛsənz. ðə ˈdænsɪŋ, ɪn ˌpɑˈtɪkjələr, meɪd ən ˌɪmˈpækt. ðoʊ kɑn sɪz hər ˌɑnˈsteɪʤ ˈkɑnfədɛns ˈɔlˌweɪz haɪ, ˈwərkɪŋ wɪθ ˌkɔriˈɑgrəfərz ˈhɔrheɪ ənd ˈkeɪti ˈləsbi bækt əp hər ˈɪnstɪŋkts wɪθ ˌɪnˈtɛnʧən. hər ˈbɑdi spiks əv ðə kənˈvɪkʃən wɪθ wɪʧ ʃi əˈproʊʧt ðə ˈsɛʃənz; ɛz wi sɪt ˈaʊtˈsaɪd ðə ʧərʧ wɛr dɑl ɪz ˈbɛrid ɪn greɪt missenden*, kɑn græbz maɪ hænd ənd meɪks mi skwiz hər θaɪ. ðɛr ɪz noʊ skwiz. rɑk ˈsɑləd. kɑn dɪˈskraɪbz biɪŋ lɛd baɪ ɪz ˈkərəntli ˈstədiɪŋ fər ə ˈpiˌeɪʧˈdi ɪn haʊ tɪ ˈmɑdəˌfaɪ ə steɪt əv maɪnd θru hɪz ər hər ə ˈspɪnɪŋ ˈfrɛnzi, ˈbɪldɪŋ əp spid ənˈtɪl ðə ˈlɪkwɪd ɪn jʊr ɪrz stɑrts ˈwərlɪŋ, ənd ˈkələrz blər aʊt. meɪks ju kənˈsɪdər jʊr power,”*,” sɪz kɑn. ʤɪst stɑp bɪˈkəz fɔl ˈoʊvər ənd bi nɑt biɪŋ ˈeɪbəl tɪ stɑp ˈsəmθɪŋ ənd ˈhævɪŋ tɪ pʊt əp wɪθ ɪt ɪz ə ˈrɪli ˈiˌmoʊʃənəl experience.”*.” ɪˈvɛnʧəwəli, ðə sɔŋz ˈstɑrtɪd tɪ kəm, ˈɔfən ərˈaɪvɪŋ ˈfʊli fɔrmd, wɪˈθɪn ən aʊər. ɔn ɪn hər ˈlɪvɪŋ rum, ðeɪ wər ˈprɪmɪtɪv, bət ɪn hər hɛd, ðeɪ wər kəmˈplit wɪθ ˌɪnstrəˌmɛnˈteɪʃən ənd pərˈdəkʃən trills*. wən ˈivnɪŋ æt hoʊm ɪn ˈbraɪtən, kɑn wɑz ˈwɑʧɪŋ ˈdɔtər, ə 1970 fɪlm əˈbaʊt ə jəŋ ˈaɪrɪʃ ˈwʊmən hu həz bɪˈkəm dɪsɪnˈʧænɪd wɪθ hər ˈmɛrɪʤ ənd ˈsəbsəkwəntli həz ən əˈfɛr wɪθ ən ˈɪŋlɪʃ ˈsoʊlʤər. ə sin wɛr ðə ˈfiˌmeɪl ˈkɛrɪktər ɪz goʊɪŋ aʊt æt naɪt tɪ mit ðɪs soldier,”*,” kɑn ˈriˌkɔlz. dəsk, ðɛr ər ɔl ðiz ˈlɪliz, ənd ju kən si haʊ ˈhɛdi ənd ˈfreɪgrənt ðə ɛr ɪz. ɔl ðə ˈpɑlən ɪz bloʊɪŋ ɔn hər skərt, ənd ˈlʊkɪŋ æt ðɪs soʊ ˈsɛnʃəwəl ənd ɪkˈsaɪtɪŋ. bɪn soʊ ˈdɛθli bɔrd ənd træpt ɪn hər oʊn ɪgˈzɪstəns. ɪgˈzæktli haʊ aɪ felt.”*.”
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across 2006’s fur and gold and 2009’s two suns, much of khan’s mystic brand of pop involved a tension between open-hearted sympathy and something more rogue, her guileless voice keeping the flights of fancy just earthward enough. she wants the new album to sound like “an inventor living in a lighthouse” somewhere on the english coast. twist your ear the right way and you can sort of hear it: that salt-washed, weathered, mechanical, isolated, magical, guiding feel, looking to a man whose purpose is to generate beams of light as well as light-bulb moments.
khan wrote a song about a lighthouse keeper of sorts for the haunted man, though it didn’t make the final record. hopefully she’ll release it one day, as the concept is bewitching: she imagined being the wife of dutch sculptor theo jansen, best known as the creator of enormous, animal-like, moving structures dubbed strandbeests. in the song, khan has to compete with the beasts for their inventor’s love, racing with them every day in order to win his affection. it’s about what’s more important: your personal life, or the art that you make.
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in march 2010, natasha khan returned home from touring two suns and closed the door to her flat in brighton, on england’s south coast. alone. her relationship with the brooklyn musician who inspired that album had ended, and she felt a vast emptiness in her own home. “the loneliness and quiet starkness of that is overwhelming,” she says earlier in the summer, on an unbearably hot july day in a london pub garden. “i tried to rehabilitate myself, rebuilding some sense of who i am without the music.”
khan shut herself away, attempting to cure the profound writer’s block she was experiencing in order to reconcile her sense of self. she had been writing songs since the age of 11, when she took up the piano— learning through her own improvisation, rather than lessons. “i was ready to give up music entirely,” she says. “i felt blocked in all sorts of areas. it was about being broody for either children or new creative ideas or an epiphany. i was just lying in a hot room with no- one coming, nothing happening, no ideas.” she rang thom yorke—bat for lashes opened for radiohead in 2008—to ask, “what do you do when you feel like you’re going to die because you can’t write anything?” he told her to draw.
so khan enrolled in a children’s illustration course and life-drawing classes, and filled reams of sketchbook paper with her imaginings. she also bought a kitten, became a dab hand at growing dahlias, sought creative succor from a former art professor, and started taking intensive dance lessons. the dancing, in particular, made an impact. though khan says her onstage confidence wasn’t always high, working with choreographers jorge crecis and katie lusby backed up her instincts with intention. her body speaks of the conviction with which she approached the sessions; as we sit outside the church where dahl is buried in great missenden, khan grabs my hand and makes me squeeze her thigh. there is no squeeze. it’s rock solid.
khan describes being led by crecis—who is currently studying for a phd in how to modify a performer’s state of mind through his or her actions—in a spinning frenzy, building up speed until the liquid in your ears starts whirling, and colors blur out. “it makes you consider your power,” says khan. “you can’t just stop because you’d fall over and be sick—and not being able to stop something and having to put up with it is a really emotional experience.”
eventually, the songs started to come, often arriving fully formed, within an hour. on khan’s sequencer in her living room, they were primitive, but in her head, they were complete with instrumentation and production trills. one evening at home in brighton, khan was watching ryan’s daughter, a 1970 film about a young irish woman who has become disenchanted with her marriage and subsequently has an affair with an english soldier.
“there’s a scene where the female character is going out at night to meet this soldier,” khan recalls. “it’s dusk, there are all these lilies, and you can see how heady and fragrant the air is. all the pollen is blowing on her skirt, and she’s looking at this man—it’s so sensual and exciting. she’s been so deathly bored and trapped in her own existence. that’s exactly how i felt.”
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ə ˈpɛrəˌlaɪzd kæt wɪθ ə tˈwɪstɪd spɪn həz ˈlərnɪd tɪ rən wɪθ ə ˈlɪtəl hɛlp frəm ə haɪ skul ˌroʊˈbɑtɪks kləb. ˈflɪpər ðə ˈdæmɪʤd spaɪn ˈkɔzɪz ə bɪt əv ə ˈprɑbləm fər ðə ˈfiˌlaɪn. əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ˈsiˈɛˈnɛn, wən hæf əv ðə kæt muvz ɪn wən dɪˈrɛkʃɪn waɪl ðə ˈəðər traɪz tɪ muv ɪn əˈnəðər. ɪn əˈdɪʃən tɪ ˈsɪmpəl ˈmuvmənt, ˈstændɪŋ əp kən bi ˈdɪfəkəlt fər ˈflɪpər. ˈdɑktər. ˈhɛri ˈgərni əv ðə ˈæspən pɑrk vɛt ˈklɪnɪk sɛd ðət ðə ˈpɛrəˌlaɪzd kæt wɑz deɪz əˈweɪ frəm biɪŋ pʊt tɪ slip. ɪn ˈɔrdər tɪ seɪv hər laɪf, ˈgərni ˌɛnˈlɪstɪd ðə hɛlp əv səm ˈstudənts frəm ˈkɑnəfər haɪ skul. ðə ˌroʊˈbɑtɪks kləb sun sɛt tɪ wərk ˈmeɪkɪŋ ə ˈtɛmpərˌɛri sɛt əv lɛgz fər ðə ˈfiˌlaɪn. rɪˈpɔrts ðət ðə tˈwɪstɪd ˈspaɪnəl kɔrd pruvd tɪ bi ə juˈnik ˈʧælənʤ fər ðoʊz hu wər traɪɪŋ tɪ seɪv ðə ˈlɪtəl laɪf. ˈgərni ɪkˈspleɪnd: ˈprɑbləm wɑz ðə ˈspaɪnəl kɔrd wɑz tˈwɪstɪd məʧ laɪk ə ˈtɛləˌfoʊn ˈkeɪbəl ɪz tˈwɪstɪd, soʊ ðət waɪl hæf ðə ˈbɑdi wɑz goʊɪŋ ˈfɔrwərd ðə ˈəðər hæf əv ðə ˈbɑdi wɑz goʊɪŋ sideways.”*.” ðə ˌroʊˈbɑtɪks kləb sɛt aʊt tɪ dɪˈzaɪn ə ˈsoʊˈkɔld cart”*” ðət wʊd əˈlaʊ ˈflɪpər tɪ muv əraʊnd mɔr ˈfrili. ˈæftər ˈpʊtɪŋ təˈgɛðər ˈsɛvərəl ˈproʊtoʊˌtaɪps, ðə ˈstudənts faʊnd ə dɪˈzaɪn bɛst ˈsutɪd tɪ ðə ˈmɛdɪkəl kənˈdɪʃən. ðə ˈwɔkər, wɪʧ ɪz ɪkˈwɪpt wɪθ wilz, əˈlaʊz ðə kæt tɪ bɪld strɛŋθ ɪn ɪts lɛgz waɪl əˈtɛmptɪŋ tɪ streɪt aʊt ɪts spaɪn. vɛts hoʊp ðət ðeɪ kən ˈəltəmətli rɪˈstɔr kəmˌjunəˈkeɪʃən tɪ ðə spaɪn ɛz ɪt groʊz ˈoʊldər. fər naʊ, ˈflɪpər simz ˈkɑntɛnt wɪθ hɪz nu sɛt əv lɛgz. əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ kero-tv*, ðə kæt ˌɪˈmiˌdiətli bɪˈgæn ˈrənɪŋ əraʊnd ðə ˈklɪnɪk wəns ɪt hæd bɪn stræpt ˈɪntu ðə kɑrt. ˈvɪdioʊ əv ðə nu sɛt əv wilz həz bɪn ɛmˈbɛdɪd bɪˈloʊ. wət du ju θɪŋk əˈbaʊt ðə haɪ skul ˌroʊˈbɑtɪks kləb ðət bɪlt ə cart”*” fər ə ˈpɛrəˌlaɪzd ˈfiˌlaɪn neɪmd ˈflɪpər?
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a paralyzed cat with a twisted spin has learned to run with a little help from a high school robotics club.
flipper the cat’s damaged spine causes a bit of a problem for the feline. according to cnn, one half of the cat moves in one direction while the other tries to move in another. in addition to simple movement, standing up can be difficult for flipper.
dr. harry gurney of the aspen park vet clinic said that the paralyzed cat was days away from being put to sleep. in order to save her life, gurney enlisted the help of some students from conifer high school. the robotics club soon set to work making a temporary set of legs for the feline.
ktla reports that the cat’s twisted spinal cord proved to be a unique challenge for those who were trying to save the little guy’s life.
gurney explained:
“our problem was the spinal cord was twisted much like a telephone cable is twisted, so that while half the body was going forward the other half of the body was going sideways.”
the robotics club set out to design a so-called “cat cart” that would allow flipper to move around more freely. after putting together several prototypes, the students found a design best suited to the feline’s medical condition.
the walker, which is equipped with wheels, allows the cat to build strength in its legs while attempting to straight out its spine. vets hope that they can ultimately restore communication to the 9-month-old feline’s spine as it grows older.
for now, flipper seems content with his new set of legs. according to kero-tv, the cat immediately began running around the clinic once it had been strapped into the cart.
video of the cat’s new set of wheels has been embedded below.
what do you think about the high school robotics club that built a “cat cart” for a paralyzed feline named flipper?
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ˈɪmɪʤ ˈkɑpiˌraɪt ˈrɔɪtərz ˈɪmɪʤ ˈkæpʃən ˈsoʊlʤərz frəm ðə ˈbɛlʤən ˈɑrmi hæv ʤɔɪnd pəˈlis ˈɔfɪsərz ɔn pəˈtroʊlz ɪn ˈbrəsəlz ˈbrəsəlz wɪl steɪ ɔn ðə haɪəst ˈlɛvəl əv ˈtɛrər əˈlərt bɪˈkəz əv ðə "ˈsɪriəs ənd ˈɪmənənt" θrɛt əv əˈtæks, ˈbɛlʤəmz praɪm ˈmɪnɪstər sɪz. ˈʧɑrəlz ˈmɪʧəl ˈædɪd ðət ˌjunəˈvərsətiz, skulz ənd ðə ˈmɛˌtroʊ wʊd steɪ ʃət. ˈbrəsəlz həz bɪn ɔn ˈlɑkˌdaʊn ɔl ˈwiˌkɪnd, əˈmɪd ə ˈmænˌhənt fər səˈspɛktɪd ˈpɛrɪs əˈtækər ˈsælə. ˈminˌwaɪl, ðə ˌbibiˈsi ˌəndərˈstændz ðət ə ˈsuɪˌsaɪd ˈbɑmər ˈpɪkʧərd ɪn ə nu frɛnʧ pəˈlis əˈpil əraɪvd ɪn gris ˈəndər ðə neɪm əv ɛm al-mahmod*. ðə ˌbibiˈsis ɛd ˈtɑməs həz mæʧt ðə ˈɪmɪʤ riˈlist baɪ frɛnʧ pəˈlis wɪθ ə ˈfoʊˌtoʊ ɔn ðə ərˈaɪvəl ˈpeɪpərz əv ə mæn hu riʧt ðə grik ˈaɪlənd əv ɔn 3 ɑkˈtoʊbər. ˈɪmɪʤ ˈkɑpiˌraɪt ˈɪmɪʤ ˈkæpʃən pəˈlis hæv riˈlist ən ˈɪmɪʤ əv wən əv ðə əˈtækərz, ˈæskɪŋ fər mɔr ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən əˈbaʊt ɪm ðə mæn wɑz wɪθ ə grup əv ˈsɪriən ˈrɛfˌjuʤiz ənd wɪθ əˈnəðər əˈtækər hu wɑz ˈtrævəlɪŋ ˈəndər ðə neɪm əv ˈɑmɑd al-mohammed*. ˈfɑloʊ ðə ˈleɪtəst lɪv dɪˈvɛləpmənts ˈɪntərvˌju ˈtrænˌskrɪpt: 'maɪ ˈbrəðərz wər məˈnɪpjəˌleɪtɪd, nɑt radicalised*': ˈsəˌspɛkt 'mɛnt tɪ bloʊ hɪmˈsɛlf əp' ˈbrəsəlz ˈtɛrər θrɛt: 'ˈɛvriˌwən ɪz ɔn ɛʤ' ˈbɛlʤəmz ʤiˈhɑˌdɪst ˈnɛtˌwərks frɛnʧ pəˈlis hæv æst fər mɔr ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən əˈbaʊt ðə mæn, hum ðeɪ seɪ wɑz ðə θərd ˈsuɪˌsaɪd ˈbɑmər tɪ straɪk ðə steɪd də fræns ɔn 13 noʊˈvɛmbər. ˌɪzˈlɑmɪk steɪt ˈmɪlətənts, səm əv ðɛm frəm ˈbrəsəlz, kɪld 130 ˈpipəl ɪn ˈpɛrɪs ɔn 13 noʊˈvɛmbər. sɪˈkjʊrəti ˈfɔrsɪz kəmˈplitɪd ˈsɛvərəl ˌɑpərˈeɪʃənz ɪn ˈbrəsəlz ɔn ˈsənˌdi naɪt, ðə nuz ˈeɪʤənsi rɪˈpɔrts. ðə pəˈlis hæd ərʤd ðə ˈpəblɪk nɑt tɪ rɪˈpɔrt ɪts ˈmuvmənts ɔn ˈsoʊʃəl ˈmidiə. ˈərliər ɔn ˈsənˌdi, ðə ˈbɛlʤən praɪm ˈmɪnɪstər toʊld rɪˈpɔrtərz ɪn ˈbrəsəlz ðət ðə əˈθɔrətiz fɪr "ən əˈtæk ˈsɪmələr tɪ ðə wən ɪn ˈpɛrɪs, wɪθ ˈsɛvərəl ˌɪndəˈvɪʤəwəlz hu kʊd ˈɔlsoʊ ˈpɑsəbli lɔnʧ ˈsɛvərəl əˈtæks æt ðə seɪm taɪm ɪn ˈməltəpəl loʊˈkeɪʃənz". ˈmidiə ˈpleɪˌbæk ɪz ənsəˈpɔrtɪd ɔn jʊr dɪˈvaɪs ˈmidiə ˈkæpʃən praɪm ˈmɪnɪstər ˈʧɑrəlz ˈmɪʧəl: "ðɛr ɪz ə səˈsteɪnd, ˈsɪriəs ənd ˈɪmənənt θrɛt əˈgɛnst ðə ˈkæpɪtəl" ˈərliər, ˈbɛlʤən ˌɪnˈtɪriər ˈmɪnɪstər ʤæn sɛd ðə ˈdeɪnʤər tɪ ˈbɛlʤəm wɑz nɑt taɪd tɪ əˈloʊn. "ðə θrɛt ɪz ˈbrɔdər ðən ðə wən səˈspɛktɪd ˈtɛrərɪst," hi toʊld ˈflɛmɪʃ ˈbrɔdˌkæstər vrt*. ɪt wɑz nɑt klɪr ɪf ˈmɪstər wɑz rɪˈfərɪŋ tɪ ðoʊz ˌɪnˈvɑlvd ɪn ðə ˈpɛrɪs əˈtæks, ər ˈəðərz hu maɪt bi ˈplænɪŋ əˈtæks ɪn ˈbɛlʤəm. ˈsoʊlʤərz ʤɔɪnd pəˈlis ˈɔfɪsərz ɔn pəˈtroʊlz ɪn ˈbrəsəlz ˈoʊvər ðə ˈwiˌkɪnd. ˈmɛni ˈpəblɪk ˈspeɪsɪz ɪn ðə ˈjuʒəwəli ˈbəsəlɪŋ ˈkæpɪtəl wər dɪˈzərtɪd, ɛz ˈpipəl ˈhidɪd əˈfɪʃəl ˈwɔrnɪŋz tɪ əˈvɔɪd kraʊdz. ˈmidiə ˈpleɪˌbæk ɪz ənsəˈpɔrtɪd ɔn jʊr dɪˈvaɪs ˈmidiə ˈkæpʃən moʊˈhæmɪd, ˈspikɪŋ tɪ rtbf*: "wi wɔnt ˈsælə tɪ sərˈɛndər" ðə ˈbɛlʤən əˈθɔrətiz hæv soʊ fɑr ʧɑrʤd θri ˈpipəl wɪθ ˌɪnˈvɑlvmənt ɪn ðə ˈpɛrɪs əˈtæks, kleɪmd baɪ ˌɪzˈlɑmɪk steɪt ˈmɪlətənts. frɛnʧ ˈmidiə hæv ˌriˈpɔrtəd ðət naɪn ˈmɪlətənts ˈkɛrid aʊt ðə əˈtæks, ənd ˈsɛvən daɪd ɔn ˈfraɪˌdeɪ naɪt. wən əv ðə mɛn hu droʊv ˈsælə tɪ ˈbɛlʤəm toʊld hɪz ˈlɔjər ðət hi wɑz drɛst ɪn ə "bɪg ˈʤækɪt" ənd meɪ hæv hæd ə ˈsuɪˌsaɪd bɛlt. ðə ˈlɔjər, kɑˈrini couquelet*, toʊld frɛnʧ ˌtɛləˈvɪʒən ðɪs reɪzd kˈwɛsʧənz, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ðə ˌpɑsəˈbɪləˌti ðət ˈsælə meɪ hæv bɪn səˈpoʊzd tɪ bloʊ hɪmˈsɛlf əp ɪn ˈpɛrɪs bət hæd hæd ˈsɛkənd θɔts. ˈɪmɪʤ ˈkɑpiˌraɪt nuz ˈɪmɪʤ ˈkæpʃən ˈɪmɪʤɪz hæv ˈimərʤd frəm ˌɪnˈsaɪd ðə əˈpɑrtmənt ˈbɪldɪŋ ɪn wɛr ˈpɛrɪs əˈtæks ˈrɪŋˌlidər ənd əˈsoʊʃiˌeɪt daɪd ˈərliər ðɪs wik ˈmidiə ˈpleɪˌbæk ɪz ənsəˈpɔrtɪd ɔn jʊr dɪˈvaɪs ˈmidiə ˈkæpʃən ˈigəlz əv dɛθ ˈmɛtəl, ˈspikɪŋ tɪ vice.com*: 'ðeɪ kɪld ˈpipəl ɪn ɑr ˈdrɛsɪŋ rum' frɛndz əv toʊld ˈeɪˌbiˌsi nuz ðeɪ hæd ˈspoʊkən tɪ ɪm ɔn skaɪp ənd sɛd hi wɑz ˈhaɪdɪŋ ɪn ˈbrəsəlz ənd ˈdɛspərətli traɪɪŋ tɪ gɪt tɪ ˈsɪriə. ðeɪ sɛd hi wɑz kɔt bɪtˈwin ˌjʊrəˈpiən əˈθɔrətiz ˈhəntɪŋ ɪm ənd ɪz ˈmɛmbərz hu wər "ˈwɑʧɪŋ ɪm" ənd wər ənˈhæpi ðət hi hæd nɑt ˈdɛtəˌneɪtəd hɪz ˈsuɪˌsaɪd bɛlt. ˈigəlz əv dɛθ ˈmɛtəl dɪˈskraɪb gɪg ˈhɔrər ˈpɛrɪs əˈtæks kɔzd ˈɑrʧˈbɪʃəp 'daʊt' ˈpɛrɪs əˈtæks: ðə ˌəˈnænsərd kˈwɛsʧənz ˈspɛʃəl rɪˈpɔrt: ˈkəvərɪʤ əv ðə əˈtæks ənd ðɛr ˈæftərˌmæθ ˈminˌwaɪl ɔn ˈsæˌtɪˌdeɪ, ˈmɛmbərz əv ðə ˈjuˈɛs rɑk bænd ˈigəlz əv dɛθ ˈmɛtəl dɪˈskraɪbd ðə ˈhɔrər əv ðə ˈkɑnsərt hɔl ˈmæsəkər ɪn ðɛr fərst ˈɪntərvˌju sɪns ðə əˈtæk. lɛd ˈsɪŋər ˈʤɛsi juz sɛd ə grup əv fænz hu hɪd ɪn ðə bændz ˈdrɛsɪŋ rum wər faʊnd baɪ ðə ˈgənˌmɛn ənd kɪld ɪkˈsɛpt fər wən hu hɪd ˈəndər ˈjuzɪz ˈlɛðər ˈʤækɪt. ɪn ə klɪp frəm ðə ˈɪntərvˌju wɪθ vaɪs nuz tɪ bi riˈlist ɪn fʊl nɛkst wik, ən ˈiˌmoʊʃənəl juz sɛd: "ə greɪt ˈrizən waɪ soʊ ˈmɛni wər kɪld wɑz bɪˈkəz soʊ ˈmɛni ˈpipəl ˈwʊdənt liv ðɛr frɛndz. soʊ ˈmɛni ˈpipəl pʊt ðɛmˈsɛlvz ɪn frənt əv ˈpipəl." ər ju ɪn ˈbrəsəlz? haʊ hæv ju bɪn əˈfɛktɪd baɪ ðə reɪzd ˈtɛrər əˈlərt ˈlɛvəl ɪn ðə ˈkæpɪtəl? iˈmeɪl jʊr ɪkˈspɪriənsɪz tɪ [email protected]*. pliz ˌɪnˈklud ə ˈkɑnˌtækt ˈnəmbər ɪf ju ər ˈwɪlɪŋ tɪ spik tɪ ə ˌbibiˈsi ˈʤərnəlɪst təˈdeɪ. ju kən ˈɔlsoʊ ˈkɑnˌtækt ˈjuˈɛs ɪn ðə ˈfɑloʊɪŋ weɪz: whatsapp*: 44 7525 900971 twit: sɛnd tɪ ˈəˌploʊd jʊr hir tɛkst ən ˌɛˌsɛˈmɛs ər tɪ 61124 ər 44 7624 800100 rɛd ðə tərmz ənd kənˈdɪʃənz.
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image copyright reuters image caption soldiers from the belgian army have joined police officers on patrols in brussels
brussels will stay on the highest level of terror alert because of the "serious and imminent" threat of paris-style attacks, belgium's prime minister says.
charles michel added that universities, schools and the metro would stay shut.
brussels has been on lockdown all weekend, amid a manhunt for suspected paris attacker salah abdeslam.
meanwhile, the bbc understands that a suicide bomber - pictured in a new french police appeal - arrived in greece under the name of m al-mahmod.
the bbc's ed thomas has matched the image released by french police with a photo on the arrival papers of a man who reached the greek island of leros on 3 october.
image copyright epa image caption police have released an image of one of the attackers, asking for more information about him
the man was with a group of syrian refugees and with another attacker who was travelling under the name of ahmad al-mohammed.
follow the latest live developments
interview transcript: 'my brothers were manipulated, not radicalised'
abdeslam: suspect 'meant to blow himself up'
brussels terror threat: 'everyone is on edge'
belgium's jihadist networks
french police have asked for more information about the man, whom they say was the third suicide bomber to strike the stade de france on 13 november.
islamic state militants, some of them from brussels, killed 130 people in paris on 13 november.
security forces completed several operations in brussels on sunday night, the afp news agency reports. the police had urged the public not to report its movements on social media.
earlier on sunday, the belgian prime minister told reporters in brussels that the authorities fear "an attack similar to the one in paris, with several individuals who could also possibly launch several attacks at the same time in multiple locations".
media playback is unsupported on your device media caption prime minister charles michel: "there is a sustained, serious and imminent threat against the capital"
earlier, belgian interior minister jan jambon said the danger to belgium was not tied to abdeslam alone.
"the threat is broader than the one suspected terrorist," he told flemish broadcaster vrt.
it was not clear if mr jambon was referring to those involved in the paris attacks, or others who might be planning attacks in belgium.
soldiers joined police officers on patrols in brussels over the weekend. many public spaces in the usually bustling capital were deserted, as people heeded official warnings to avoid crowds.
media playback is unsupported on your device media caption mohammed abdeslam, speaking to rtbf: "we want salah to surrender"
the belgian authorities have so far charged three people with involvement in the paris attacks, claimed by islamic state militants.
french media have reported that nine militants carried out the attacks, and seven died on friday night.
one of the men who drove salah abdeslam to belgium told his lawyer that he was dressed in a "big jacket" and may have had a suicide belt.
the lawyer, carine couquelet, told french tv this raised questions, including the possibility that salah abdeslam may have been supposed to blow himself up in paris but had had second thoughts.
image copyright afp/itv news image caption images have emerged from inside the apartment building in saint-denis where paris attacks ringleader abdelhamid abaaoud and associate hasna ait boulahcen died earlier this week
media playback is unsupported on your device media caption eagles of death metal, speaking to vice.com: 'they killed people in our dressing room'
friends of abdeslam told abc news they had spoken to him on skype and said he was hiding in brussels and desperately trying to get to syria.
they said he was caught between european authorities hunting him and is members who were "watching him" and were unhappy that he had not detonated his suicide belt.
eagles of death metal describe gig horror
paris attacks caused archbishop 'doubt'
paris attacks: the unanswered questions
special report: in-depth coverage of the attacks and their aftermath
meanwhile on saturday, members of the us rock band eagles of death metal described the horror of the bataclan concert hall massacre in their first interview since the attack.
lead singer jesse hughes said a group of fans who hid in the band's dressing room were found by the gunmen and killed except for one who hid under hughes's leather jacket.
in a clip from the interview with vice news to be released in full next week, an emotional hughes said: "a great reason why so many were killed was because so many people wouldn't leave their friends. so many people put themselves in front of people."
are you in brussels? how have you been affected by the raised terror alert level in the capital? email your experiences to [email protected].
please include a contact number if you are willing to speak to a bbc journalist today. you can also contact us in the following ways:
whatsapp: +44 7525 900971
tweet: @bbc_haveyoursay
send pictures/video to [email protected]
upload your pictures/video here
text an sms or mms to 61124 or +44 7624 800100
read the terms and conditions.
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ˈɪndiə wɪl teɪk ˈækʃən əˈgɛnst ðə ˈjuˈɛs ˈəndər ðə wərld treɪd ˌɔrgənəˈzeɪʃən (wto*) rulz ɪn keɪs əv ˌjunəˈlætərəl ˈækʃən frəm ˈwɔʃɪŋtən, sɪz ðə ˈgəvərnmənt. ðə ˈɔfəs əv ˈjuˈɛs treɪd ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnətɪv ɪz ɪkˈspɛktɪd tɪ riˈlis ɪts ˈænjuəl ˌrivˈju rɪˈpɔrt, tərmd ˈspɛʃəl 301 baɪ ˈmɪdˌnaɪt əv ˈwɛnzˌdeɪ. ɪt ɪz ɪkˈspɛktɪd tɪ ˈleɪbəl ˈɪndiə praɪˈɔrəti ˈfɔrən ˈkəntri, ˈminɪŋ wən əv ðə wərldz wərst (ipr*) rəˈʒim, wən dɪˈzərvɪŋ əv treɪd ˈsæŋkʃənz. "wi maɪt æsk fər ə ˌkɑnsəlˈteɪʃən ˈəndər ðə ɪf ðə ˈjuˈɛs teɪks ˈɛni səʧ ˌjunəˈlætərəl ˈækʃən əˈgɛnst ˈjuˈɛs. ðɛr ˌæləˈgeɪʃənz ðət ɑr rəˈʒim ɪz wik ənd ɪz ˈbeɪsləs. ˈɪndiə ɪz kəmˈplaɪənt ˈəndər ðə əˈgrimənt əv wto*," ˈkɑmərs ˈsɛkrəˌtɛri toʊld ˈbɪznɪs ˈstændərd. ˌɔlˈðoʊ ðə treɪd rɪˈleɪtɪd ˈæˌspɛkts əv (trɪps) əˈgrimənt wɑz saɪnd ɪn 1994 ɪt tʊk ˈɔlˌmoʊst ə ˈdɛkeɪd fər ˈɪndiə tɪ pʊt ɪn pleɪs ə ˈgloʊbəli kəmˈplaɪənt ˈpætənt lɔ, ˈteɪkɪŋ ˈifɛkt frəm 2005 ðə pækt ɪz ə ˈmɪnəməm θˈrɛˌʃoʊld əˈgrimənt, wɛr ˈmɛmbər ˈkəntriz əv ðə teɪk məʧ lɛs kəˈmɪtmənts ðən ðeɪ kən ˈæˌkʧuəli teɪk, ɪkˈspleɪnd. ˈspɛʃəl 301 ɪz ə treɪd ənd ˈɪndəstri ˈpræktɪsɪz rɪˈpɔrt meɪnˈteɪnd baɪ ðə ˈɔfəs əv ðə ustr*. ɪn ðə rɪˈpɔrt, ˈkəntriz ər ˈdɛzɪgˌneɪtɪd ɛz praɪˈɔrəti ˈfɔrən ˈkəntri ənd praɪˈɔrəti ˈkəntri fər əˈfɛndərz. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ˈækʃən səʧ ɛz ˈsæŋkʃənz ɪz ənˈlaɪkli, sɪz ə tɔp əˈfɪʃəl, ɔn kənˈdɪʃən əv ˌænəˈnɪmɪti, hu ɪz ˌɪnˈvɑlvd ɪn tɔks wɪθ ðə ˈjuˈɛs tɪ ðə dɪˈsɪʒən. ðə əˈfɪʃəl noʊts ðə ˈʧeɪnʤɪz ɪn ˈgloʊbəl treɪd daɪˈnæmɪks sɪns ˈɪndiə wɑz ˈpriviəsli ˈgɪvɪn ðɪs ˈstætəs ˈəndər ðɛn ˈjuˈɛs ˈprɛzɪdənt bɪl ˈklɪntən; ˈsæŋkʃənz wər nɑt ˌɪmˈpoʊzd. ˈɪndiə həz, ˌhaʊˈɛvər, bɪn ɔn ðə praɪˈɔrəti ˈkəntri lɪst sɪns 1974 baɪˈlætərəl treɪd ɪn gʊdz ənd ˈsərvɪsɪz riʧt ˈɔlˌmoʊst 95 ˈbɪljən ɪn 2013 frəm 29 ˈbɪljən ɪn 2004 ən ˈænjuəl groʊθ əv 15 pər sɛnt ə jɪr.
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india will take action against the us under the world trade organization (wto) rules in case of unilateral action from washington, says the government.
the office of us trade representative is expected to release its annual review report, termed special 301, by midnight of wednesday. it is expected to label india priority foreign country, meaning one of the world's worst (ipr) regime, one deserving of trade sanctions.
"we might ask for a consultation under the if the us takes any such unilateral action against us. their allegations that our regime is weak and non-compliant is baseless. india is compliant under the agreement of wto," commerce secretary rajeev kher told business standard.
although the trade related aspects of (trips) agreement was signed in 1994, it took almost a decade for india to put in place a globally compliant patent law, taking effect from 2005. the pact is a minimum threshold agreement, where member countries of the take much less commitments than they can actually take, explained kher.
special 301 is a trade and industry practices report maintained by the office of the ustr. in the report, countries are designated as priority foreign country and priority country for offenders.
however, action such as sanctions is unlikely, says a top official, on condition of anonymity, who is involved in talks with the us to neutralise the decision. the official notes the changes in global trade dynamics since india was previously given this status under then us president bill clinton; sanctions were not imposed. india has, however, been on the priority country list since 1974.
bilateral trade in goods and services reached almost $95 billion in 2013 from $29 billion in 2004, an annual growth of 15 per cent a year.
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ˈʃɔrtli ˌbiˈfɔr ˈɛndɪŋ hər laɪf ɔn ˈwɛnzˌdeɪ ˈmɔrnɪŋ, ˈæʃli ˈhælstrəm əv ˈloʊgən, ˈjuˌtɔ, wɛnt tɪ hər ˈfeɪsˌbʊk peɪʤ tɪ liv wən ˈfaɪnəl poʊst. ə ˈvɛri jəŋ eɪʤ, aɪ wɑz toʊld ðət ˈpipəl laɪk mi ər friks ənd əˌbɑməˈneɪʃənz, ðət wi ər sɪk ɪn ðə hɛd ənd soʊˈsaɪɪti heɪts us,”*,” ðə roʊt əˈbaʊt hər ˈlaɪˈflɔŋ ˈstrəgəl wɪθ biɪŋ ˈtrænzˈʤɛndər. meɪd mi heɪt hu aɪ wɑz. aɪ traɪd soʊ hɑrd tɪ bi ʤɪst laɪk ˈɛvriˌwən ɛls bət ðɪs ˈsəmθɪŋ ju kən ʧeɪnʤ. aɪ stænd tɪ lɪv əˈnəðər deɪ, soʊ kəˈmɪtɪŋ ˈsuɪˌsaɪd. pliz ʃɛr maɪ ˈfaɪnəl wərdz. aɪ bɪˈliv maɪ læst wərdz kən hɛlp meɪk ðə ʧeɪnʤ ðət soʊˈsaɪɪti nidz tɪ meɪk soʊ wən deɪ ðɛr wɪl bi noʊ ˈəðərz laɪk me.”*.” ˈæftər ˈpoʊstɪŋ hər ˌgʊdˈbaɪ ˈmɛsɪʤ ənd ˈəˌploʊdɪŋ ə nu ˈproʊˌfaɪl ˈfoʊˌtoʊ, ˈhælstrəm ðɛn droʊv tɪ ə ˈnɪrˈbaɪ ˈhaɪˌweɪ, wɛr pəˈlis seɪ ʃi wɔkt ˈɪntu ˈtræfɪk ənd wɑz hɪt baɪ ə dəmp trək. ɪz bɪˈlivd ðə ækt wɑz intentional,”*,” ˈgɛri ˈʤɛnsən, ˈpəblɪk ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən ˈɔfɪsər fər ðə ˈloʊgən ˈsɪti pəˈlis dɪˈpɑrtmənt sɛd ɪn ə ˈsteɪtmənt əbˈteɪnd baɪ ˈpipəl. gɪvz ˈɛvəri ˌɪndəˈkeɪʃən ðə ˈdraɪvər əˈtɛmptəd tɪ swərv ənd breɪk tɪ əˈvɔɪd ðə collision.”*.” ˈsædənd baɪ dɪˈsɪʒən ənd ˈhoʊpɪŋ tɪ reɪz əˈwɛrnəs əˈbaʊt ðə ˌɪmˈpɔrtəns əv səˈpɔrtɪŋ ˈpipəl ˈdilɪŋ wɪθ ˈtrænzˈʤɛndər ˈɪʃuz, ˈsɛvərəl əv hər frɛndz ər ˈhoʊstɪŋ ə ˈkændəˌllaɪt ˈvɪʤəl fər hər ɔn ˈsæˌtɪˌdeɪ naɪt. ˈɔlsoʊ ˈstɑrtɪd ə peɪʤ tɪ hɛlp ˈfæməli peɪ fər fˈjunərəl ɪkˈspɛnsɪz. ɛz əv ðɪs ˈraɪtɪŋ, reɪzd ˈoʊvər əv ðɛr goʊl. wɑz ə ˈbjutəfəl ˈpərsən ˌɪnˈsaɪd ənd aʊt ðət ɪz ə tru fact,”*,” dɔn ˈblækli, wən əv hər ˈkloʊsəst frɛndz ɪn ˈloʊgən, toʊld ðə ˈhɛrəld ˈʤərnəl. wɪʃ ʃi kʊd hæv sin ɪt hərˈsɛlf. ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ simd tɪ bi gʊd. ʃi ˈnɛvər simd sæd ər hərt ər kənfˈjuzd. ðɪs hoʊl θɪŋ ɪz səʧ ə ʃɑk tɪ me.”*.” ɛz wərd əv dɛθ sprɛd ɔn ˈsoʊʃəl ˈmidiə, ˈæktɪvɪsts ɪn ˈjuˌtɔ sərʧt fər ˈænsərz. juθ nid ɑr ləv ənd support,”*,” trɔɪ ˈwɪljəmz, dɪˈrɛktər əv ɪkˈwɑləti ˈjuˌtɔ toʊld ˈpipəl. nid tɪ kriˈeɪt ə ˈkəlʧər wɛr ɔl juθ noʊ ðeɪ ər ˈvæljud ənd ðət ðeɪ hæv ˈbjutəfəl gɪfts tɪ ˈɔfər ðə wərld. ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt ðət juθ noʊ ðɛr ər ˈrisɔrsɪz laɪk ðə ˈtrɛvər ˈprɑʤɛkt əˈveɪləbəl ɪn taɪmz əv ˈkraɪsəs. ˈsædli, ˈrʊrəl kəmˈjunɪtiz ˈɔfən læk əˈfərmɪŋ ˈnɛtˌwərks. ˈklɪrli wi hæv ə lɔt əv wərk tɪ do.”*.” ˈfaɪnəl poʊst, wɪʧ həz bɪn ʃɛrd ˈɔlˌmoʊst taɪmz, ɪz ˈhɑrtˌbreɪkɪŋ ɪn ɪts sɪmˈplɪsɪti ənd ˈɑnəsti. ər goʊɪŋ tɪ bi maɪ ˈfaɪnəl wərdz. ðə ˈrizən waɪ ˌdɪˈsaɪdɪd tɪ du ðɪs ɪz bɪˈkəz transgender,”*,” ʃi roʊt. ənˈtɪl aɪ wɑz 20 ðət aɪ faʊnd aʊt aɪ əˈloʊn. aɪ hæd hoʊp ðət aɪ wʊd ˈfaɪnəli bi ˈeɪbəl tɪ lɪv ɛz ənd ləv hu aɪ æm. aɪ ˈfaɪnəli keɪm aʊt ɛz ˈtrænzˈʤɛndər ənd bɪˈgæn trænˈzɪʃənɪŋ. aɪ wɑz ˈʤɛnjuˌaɪnli happy.”*.” bət ðət ˈhæpinəs ɪˈnəf, ʃi sɛd, tɪ gɪt pæst ˈætəˌtudz təˈwɔrd ˈtrænzˈʤɛndər ˈpipəl. hæd ɔˈrɛdi bɪn ˈpɔɪzənd baɪ ə soʊˈsaɪɪti ðət ˌəndərˈstænd ˈjuˈɛs ənd, ˈivɪn wərs, wɔnt tɪ ˈivɪn try,”*,” roʊt ˈhælstrəm. sɔ ðə peɪn ɪt kɔzd tɪ ˈpipəl laɪk mi, ənd goʊɪŋ θru ðɪs seɪm hərt ˌmaɪˈsɛlf həz bɪˈkəm tu məʧ fər mi tɪ teɪk ˈɛni more.”*.” ˈraɪtɪŋ ɔl əv ðɪs bɪˈkəz aɪ nid maɪ ˈstɔri bi shared,”*,” ʃi ˈædɪd. wɔnt tɪ bi ʤɪst əˈnəðər ˈnəmbər əv ə ˈtræʤɪk stəˈtɪstɪk. ˈpipəl nid tɪ noʊ ðət nɑt ʤɪst əˈnəðər feɪs əv ˈsəmˌwən ðeɪ ˈnɛvər mɛt. aɪ wɑz əˈlaɪv. aɪ hæv ə ˈfæməli ənd frɛndz ðət aɪ ləv ˈvɛri məʧ ənd soʊ ˈsɑri tɪ ðɛm fər ðə hərt ðɪs wɪl kɔz ðɛm. aɪ ləvd biɪŋ əraʊnd ðoʊz ðət aɪ ləv. aɪ ləvd ˈlɪsənɪŋ tɪ mˈjuzɪk ənd ˈsɪŋɪŋ. aɪ ləvd goʊɪŋ aʊt tɪ it wɪθ frɛndz ənd ˌɛnˈʤɔɪɪŋ gʊd fud. aɪ wɑz ə ril person.”*.” stɪl wɔnt tɪ hɛlp ˈpipəl ənd aɪ bɪˈliv aɪ stɪl can,”*,” ʃi kənˈkludɪd. meɪ ˈnɛvər noʊ hu ˈhərtɪŋ ənˈtɪl tu leɪt. pliz hɛlp fɪks society.”*.” ə ˈfrikˌwɛnt ˈjuzər, ˈhælstrəm ɛz ˈrisəntli ɛz θri mənθs əˈgoʊ ˈplidɪd wɪθ əˈnəðər nɑt tɪ teɪk hər oʊn laɪf. tɔk tɪ ˈjuˈɛs. lʊk æt ɔl ðiz ˈpipəl hu ləv ju ənd wɪl mɪs you,”*,” ʃi roʊt ˈəndər ðə littlecolette*. ɔl wɔnt tɪ hɛlp ju. gɪv əp ɔn ˈjuˈɛs ənd aɪ ˈprɑməs wi gɪv əp ɔn you.”*.” ˈæftər ˈhælstrəm ˈpoʊstɪd hər oʊn ˈsuɪˌsaɪd noʊt, ˈsɛvərəl əv hər frɛndz əˈtɛmptəd tɪ riʧ hər ɔn ˈfeɪsˌbʊk, ˈplidɪŋ wɪθ hər nɑt tɪ goʊ θru wɪθ hər plæn., aɪ noʊ bɪn θru soʊ much,”*,” wən əv ðɛm roʊt. ju hæv frɛndz ðət kɛr əˈbaʊt ju ənd stænd wɪθ ju θru ðɪs. ju hæv bɪn θru wən əv ˈhɑrdəst ˈbərdənz, bət θɪŋk fər ə ˈsɛkənd ju bi missed.”*.” baɪ ðə taɪm ðə pliz wər ˈpoʊstɪd, ðoʊ, ɪt wɑz tu leɪt. ˈhælstrəm hæd ɔˈrɛdi stɛpt ɪn frənt əv ˈtræfɪk ɔn juz. ˈhaɪˌweɪ
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shortly before ending her life on wednesday morning, ashley hallstrom of logan, utah, went to her facebook page to leave one final post.
“from a very young age, i was told that people like me are freaks and abominations, that we are sick in the head and society hates us,” the 26-year-old wrote about her lifelongruggle with being transgender. “this made me hate who i was. i tried so hard to be just like everyone else but this isn’t something you can change. i can’tand to live another day, so i’m committing suicide. please share my final words. i believe my last words can help make the change that society needs to make so one day there will be no others like me.”
after posting her goodbye message and uploading a new profile photo, hallstrom then drove to a nearby highway, where police say she walked into traffic and was hit by a dump truck.
“it is believed the act was intentional,” gary jensen, public information officer for the logan city police department said in aatement obtained by people. “evidence gives every indication the driver attempted to swerve and brake to avoid the collision.”
saddened by hallstrom’s decision and hoping to raise awareness about the importance of supporting people dealing with transgender issues, several of her friends are hosting a candlelight vigil for her on saturday night. they’ve alsoarted a gofundme page to help hallstrom’s family pay for funeral expenses. as of this writing, they’ve raised over $2,700 of their $3,250 goal.
“ashley was a beautiful person inside and out – that is a true fact,” dawn blakley, one of her closest friends in logan, told the herald journal. “i wish she could have seen it herself. everything seemed to be good. she never seemed sad or hurt or confused. this whole thing is such a shock to me.”
as word of hallstrom’s death spread on social media, lgbt activists in utah searched for answers.
“lgbtq youth need our love and support,” troy williams, director of equality utah told people. “we need to create a culture where all youth know they are valued and that they have beautiful gifts to offer the world. important that youth know there are resources like the trevor project available in times of crisis. sadly, rural communities often lack affirming lgbtq networks. clearly we have a lot of work to do.”
hallstrom’s final post, which has been shared almost 1,600 times, is heartbreaking in its simplicity and honesty.
“these are going to be my final words. the reason why i’ve decided to do this is because i’m transgender,” she wrote. “it wasn’t until i was 20 that i found out i wasn’t alone. i had hope that i would finally be able to live as and love who i am. i finally came out as transgender and began transitioning. i was genuinely happy.”
but that happiness wasn’t enough, she said, to get past society’s attitudes toward transgender people.
“i had already been poisoned by a society that understand us and, even worse, want to even try,” wrote hallstrom. “i saw the pain it caused to people like me, and going through this same hurt myself has become too much for me to take any more.”
“i’m writing all of this because i need myory be shared,” she added. “i don’t want to be just another number of a tragicatistic. people need to know that i’m not just another face of someone they never met. i was alive. i have a family and friends that i love very much and i’m so sorry to them for the hurt this will cause them. i loved being around those that i love. i loved listening to music and singing. i loved going out to eat with friends and enjoying good food. i was a real person.”
“iill want to help people and i believe iill can,” she concluded. “you may never know who you’re hurting until too late. please help fix society.”
a frequent reddit user, hallstrom as recently as three months ago pleaded with another redditor not to take her own life. “please talk to us. look at all these people who love you and will miss you,” she wrote under the username littlecolette. “we all want to help you. don’t give up on us and i promise we give up on you.”
after hallstrom posted her own suicide note, several of her friends attempted to reach her on facebook, pleading with her not to go through with her plan.
“ashley, i know you’ve been through so much,” one of them wrote. “but you have friends that care about you andand with you through this. you have been through one of life’s hardest burdens, but don’t think for a second you wouldn’t be missed.”
by the time the pleas were posted, though, it was too late. hallstrom had alreadyepped in front of traffic on u.s. highway 89-91.
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st* fɪrz ðə wərst fər ˈimərʤɪŋ dɪˈfɛndər ju ˈgɑdərd, wɪθ ə ˈrəpʧərd əˈkɪliz ˈlaɪkli tɪ ɛnd hɪz 2016 ˈsizən. ˈgɑdərd əˈpɪrd tɪ pʊʃ ɔf hɪz lɛft lɛg ənd wəns goʊɪŋ tɪ graʊnd hi wɑz əˈneɪbəl tɪ muv. ðə tərnd ɔn ðə saints’*’ dɪˈfɛnsɪv 50 leɪt ɪn ðə ˈsɛkənd kˈwɔrtər ɔn ˈsənˌdi tɪ ʧeɪs ˈædəˌleɪd əˈpoʊnənt ʤɑʃ ˈʤɛŋkɪnz ənd ɪn ən ˌɪnˈkrɛdəbli ˌɪˈnɑkjuəs ˈɪnsədənt, fɛl wɪˈθaʊt ˈkɑnˌtækt ɪn ˈɑbviəs peɪn. fʊl mæʧ ˈkəvərɪʤ ənd stæts hi ɪˈvɛnʧəwəli lɛft ðə graʊnd ɔn ə ˈstrɛʧər ənd wɑz hɛlpt daʊn ˈɪntu ðə ʧeɪnʤ rumz, wɛr ˈfʊtɪʤ ʃoʊd hi wɑz stɪl əˈneɪbəl tɪ pʊt ˈɛni weɪt ɔn hɪz lɛft lɛg. hi wɑz ˈleɪtər ʃoʊn ˈwɛrɪŋ ə mun but ɔn ðə bɛnʧ. pɪk æt ðə 2014 næb dræft, ˈgɑdərd həz bɪn fɔrst tɪ wərk hɑrd fər ə pleɪs ɪn ðə saints’*’ saɪd. hi ˈmænɪʤd eɪt geɪmz læst jɪr bət ˈsənˌdi wɑz hɪz fərst geɪm ɪn ðə ˈsinjər saɪd ðɪs jɪr. ˈæftər ðə geɪm, koʊʧ ˈælən ˈrɪʧərdsən kənˈfərmd hi wɑz ˈlaɪkli tɪ spɛnd 12 mənθs aʊt əv ðə geɪm. wɔʧ: ˈælən ˈrɪʧərdsənz fʊl prɛs ˈkɑnfərəns nɑt ðə bɛst deɪ bət soʊ əˈpriʃjətɪv əv ɔl gʊd ˈwɪʃɪz.. naʊ tɪ stɑrt ðə rihæb ˈprɔˌsɛs tɪ gɪt bæk wɪθ ðə bɔɪz ʤun 5 2016 ə bæd wən. ˈrəpʧərd hɪz əˈkɪliz tendon,”*,” ˈrɪʧərdsən sɛd. ˈɔfən 12 mənθs. bi ˈhoʊpɪŋ fər ˈbɛtər nuz bət ðət lʊks laɪk goʊɪŋ tɪ bi əˈbaʊt ɪt. ˈrɪli disappointing.”*.” ˈpædi məˈkɑrtən wɑz ˈɔlsoʊ fɔrst frəm ðə fild ɔn ə ˈstrɛʧər ˈæftər kəˈlaɪdɪŋ hɛdz wɪθ ˈtiˌmeɪt ʤæk ənd ðɛn əˈpoʊnənt luk braʊn ɪn ðə seɪm ˈɪnsədənt. məˈkɑrtən fərst klæʃt hɛdz wɪθ bət ðɛn riˈbaʊndɪd ˈɪntu braʊn. braʊn wɑz ˈɔlsoʊ fɔrst frəm ðə fild wɪθ ə bləd noʊz ənd məˈkɑrtən wɑz ˈteɪkən tɪ ˈhɑˌspɪtəl. θæŋks fər ðə ˈmɛsɪʤɪz ˈɛvriˌwən. əm ɔl swit. ˈvɛri ˈləki tɪ hæv greɪt dɑks ənd ˈpipəl ˈlʊkɪŋ ˈæftər mi. wɪl baʊns bæk. ˈpædi məˈkɑrtən ʤun 5 2016 ɛz wɛl ɛz ðə fərst tu pɪks æt ðə 2014 næb dræft, ðə saints’*’ ˈskɪpər nɪk wɑz ˈɔlsoʊ ˈɪnʤərd ˈʤɑrɪŋ hɪz lɛft ni ˈərli ɪn ðə geɪm. ðə stɑr wɑz ˈeɪbəl tɪ faɪt ðə geɪm aʊt bət ˈrɪʧərdsən kənˈsidɪd hi wʊd bi ˈəndər ən ˈɪnʤəri klaʊd ðɪs wik. hu faɪərd fər jʊr kləb ɪn ðɪs ˈwiˌkɛndz steɪt ligz? ðə seɪnts wər əˈblɪtərˌeɪtɪd baɪ ə ˈfoʊkɪst ˈædəˌleɪd saɪd ənd wər ˈbitən ɪn ɔl ˈfæsəts əv ðə geɪm. ðə kroʊz ˈizəli wən ðə kənˈtɛstəd pəˈzɛʃən kaʊnt ənd meɪd ə ˈmɑkəri əv ðə seɪnts ɔn ðə ˈaʊtˈsaɪd, ˈwɪnɪŋ 326 ˌənkənˈtɛstɪd pəˈzɛʃənz tɪ 184 faɪv ˈtɔkɪŋ pɔɪnts: ˈædəˌleɪd vi ˈrɪʧərdsən wɑz lɛft ˈkluləs ɛz tɪ waɪ hɪz saɪd lækt bɪˈlif ˈæftər ˈɛnərɪŋ ðə geɪm wɪθ tu kənˈsɛkjətɪv wɪnz. gaɪz ʤɪst bɪˈliv ðeɪ kʊd wɪn ðət geɪm, ˈsərtənli ˈæftər ðə weɪ ðə kroʊz ˈstɑrtɪd ðə game,”*,” hi sɛd. wɑz ˈrɪli ˈkɑnfədənt əv ə strɔŋ pərˈfɔrməns. wi bɪn ˌaʊtˈstændɪŋ ðə læst ˈkəpəl əv wiks [bət] aɪ θɔt ðə weɪ wi pleɪd ɪn tərmz əv ˈprɛʃər ənd læst wik wɑz ˈrɪli ˈpɑzətɪv. kən sɛns ɪn ˈmitɪŋz ðət ril ˈklɛrɪti əraʊnd roʊl soʊ frəm ðət pɔɪnt əv vju ɪt wɑz səˈpraɪzɪŋ. ˌrivˈju ɪt ˈrɪli ˈstrɔŋli, wi ʤɪst swip ɪt ˈəndər ðə ˈkɑrpət ərn ɑr ˈməni ɛz ˈkoʊʧɪz wɪn wi kən faɪnd aʊt waɪ ɪt ˈhæpənd." naɪn θɪŋz wi ˈlərnɪd frəm raʊnd 11
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st kilda fears the worst for emerging defender hugh goddard, with a ruptured achilles likely to end his 2016 season.
goddard appeared to push off his left leg and once going to ground he was unable to move.
the 19-year-old turned on the saints’ defensive 50 late in the second quarter on sunday to chase adelaide opponent josh jenkins and in an incredibly innocuous incident, fell without contact in obvious pain.
full match coverage and stats
he eventually left the ground on a stretcher and was helped down into the club’s change rooms, where footage showed he was still unable to put any weight on his left leg. he was later shown wearing a moon boot on the bench.
pick no.21 at the 2014 nab afl draft, goddard has been forced to work hard for a place in the saints’ side. he managed eight games last year but sunday was his first game in the senior side this year.
after the game, coach alan richardson confirmed he was likely to spend 12 months out of the game.
watch: alan richardson's full post-match press conference
not the best day but so appreciative of all good wishes..
now to start the rehab process to get back with the boys #mightysaints hughgoddard23 (@hughgoddard23) june 5, 2016
“hughy’s - that’s a bad one. he’s ruptured his achilles tendon,” richardson said.
“they’re often 12 months.
“we’ll be hoping for better news but that looks like it’s going to be about it. really disappointing.”
paddy mccartin was also forced from the field on a stretcher after colliding heads with teammate jack newnes and then opponent luke brown in the same incident.
mccartin first clashed heads with newnes but then rebounded into brown.
brown was also forced from the field with a blood nose and mccartin was taken to hospital.
thanks for the messages everyone. i'm all sweet. very lucky to have great docs and people looking after me. we'll bounce back. #gosaints paddy mccartin (@paddymccartin11) june 5, 2016
as well as the club’s first two picks at the 2014 nab afl draft, the saints’ skipper nick riewoldt was also injured - jarring his left knee early in the game.
the star was able to fight the game out but richardson conceded he would be under an injury cloud this week.
• who fired for your club in this weekend's state leagues?
the saints were obliterated by a focused adelaide side and were beaten in all facets of the game.
the crows easily won the contested possession count (146-108) and made a mockery of the saints on the outside, winning 326 uncontested possessions to 184.
five talking points: adelaide v st kilda
richardson was left clueless as to why his side lacked belief after entering the game with two consecutive wins.
“our guys just didn’t believe they could win that game, certainly after the way the crows started the game,” he said.
“i was really confident of a strong performance. we haven’t been outstanding the last couple of weeks [but] i thought the way we played in terms of pressure and physicality last week was really positive.
“you can sense in meetings that there’s real clarity around everyone’s role … so from that point of view it was surprising.
“we’ll review it really strongly, we won’t just sweep it under the carpet … we’ll earn our money as coaches when we can find out why it happened."
• nine things we learned from round 11
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ˈfoʊˌtoʊ wɔl tɔp ˈrɛgjəˌleɪtər ɪz ˈkəmɪŋ ˈəndər nu ˈkrɪtɪˌsɪzəm fər ˈfeɪlɪŋ tɪ ˈædəkwɪtli pəˈlis ðə bæŋks ˈəndər ɪts ˌsupərˈvɪʒən, jɪrz ˈæftər ðə ˌfaɪˈnænʃəl ˈkraɪsəs. ˈlɔˌmeɪkərz ər ˈskrutəˌnaɪzɪŋ ˌæləˈgeɪʃənz ðət ðə ˈfɛdərəl rɪˈzərv bæŋk əv nu jɔrk wɛnt ˈizi ɔn wən əv ðə moʊst ˈprɑmənənt bæŋks ˈəndər ɪts wɔʧ, ˈgoʊldmən sɑks, dɪˈspaɪt kənˈsərnz vɔɪst baɪ ðoʊz ˌɪnˈsaɪd ðə fɛd ðət ə dil ˈgoʊldmən wɑz pərˈsuɪŋ wɑz ““legal*, bət shady.”*.” naʊ kəˈmɪtiz ɪn ðə ˈsɛnɪt ənd haʊs əv ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnətɪvz ər ˈlʊkɪŋ æt ˈwɛðər tɪ hoʊld ˈhirɪŋz ər ˈkɑndəkt mɔr ɪkˈstɛnsɪv ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃənz ˈɪntu ðə ˈoʊvərˌsaɪt əv ˈgoʊldmən ənd ˈəðər bæŋks. ðə rɪˈnud ˈɪntəˌrɛst ɪn ðə roʊl keɪm ˈæftər ðə riˈlis əv ˈsikrɪt rɪˈkɔrdɪŋz dɪˈteɪlɪŋ ˌɪnərˈækʃənz bɪtˈwin ɪmˈplɔɪiz əv ðə nu jɔrk fɛd ənd ˈgoʊldmən, wɪʧ wər meɪd ˈpəblɪk baɪ ðə ˌɪnˈvɛstəˌgeɪtɪv nuz ˌɔrgənəˈzeɪʃən ənd ðə ˈreɪdiˌoʊ ˈproʊˌgræm əˈmɛrɪkən life.”*.” ðə ˈfɔrmər fɛd ɪmˈplɔɪi, ˈkɑrmən ɛm. sɛˈgɑrə, hu meɪd ðə rɪˈkɔrdɪŋz hæd ˈpriviəsli sud ðə nu jɔrk fɛd, ˈɑrgjuɪŋ ðət ʃi hæd bɪn faɪərd fər biɪŋ tu hɑrd ɔn ˈgoʊldmən. waɪl mɪz. sut wɑz dɪsˈmɪst, ðə ˈnuli riˈlist rɪˈkɔrdɪŋz səˈʤɛst ðət hər ˈsupərˌvaɪzər æt ðə nu jɔrk fɛd wɛnt ˈizi ɔn ˈgoʊldmən, ˈivɪn ˈæftər seɪɪŋ hi ˈwɔntɪd pʊt ə bɪg ʃɑt əˈkrɔs ðɛr bow”*” ɔn ə dil ɪn wɪʧ ˈgoʊldmən wɑz səˈspɛktɪd əv ˈhɛlpɪŋ meɪk ˈbæŋkoʊ ˌsænˈtændər lʊk ˌfaɪˈnænʃəli ˈstrɔŋgər ðən ɪt wɑz. ˈfoʊˌtoʊ ðə ˈprɛʃər ɔn ðə nu jɔrk fɛd wɑz əˈpɛrənt ɔn ˈθərzˌdeɪ wɪn ðə hɛd əv ðə ˈeɪʤənsi, ˈwɪljəm si. ˈdədli, keɪm tɪ ðə dɪˈfɛns əv hɪz stæf, unprompted*, æt ðə ɛnd əv ə spiʧ æt nu jɔrk ˌjunəˈvərsəti. wɪl kənˈtɪnju ˈstraɪvɪŋ tɪ ˌɪmˈpruv, bət aɪ θɪŋk ˈɛniˌwən ʃʊd kˈwɛʃən ɑr ˈmoʊtɪvz ər wət wi ər əˈtɛmptɪŋ tɪ accomplish,”*,” ˈmɪstər. ˈdədli sɛd. sun ˈæftər ðə ˌfaɪˈnænʃəl ˈkraɪsəs, ə rɪˈpɔrt ɔn ðə nu jɔrk ˈpræktɪsɪz baɪ ə kəˈləmbiə ˌjunəˈvərsəti prəˈfɛsər, ˈdeɪvɪd baɪm, faʊnd ðət ðə ˈrɛgjəˌleɪtər ˈnidɪd tɪ bi tɪ stænd əp tɪ bæŋks ənd dɪˈmænd boʊθ ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən ənd action”*” ənd wɑz tɪ rɪˈspɑnd kˈwɪkli ənd ˈflɛksəbli tɪ nu challenges.”*.” ˈmɪstər. ˈdədli, ðə ˈkɑrənt ˈprɛzɪdənt əv ðə nu jɔrk fɛd, sɛd ɔn ˈθərzˌdeɪ ðət ˈæftər hi rɪˈsivd ðə baɪm rɪˈpɔrt ɪn 2009 ðə bæŋk ˌsupərˈvɪʒən ɑrm wɛnt θru ə reorganization.”*.” bət ðə ˈkɑndəkt dɪˈteɪld ɪn mɪz. rɪˈkɔrdɪŋz keɪm ˈleɪtər, ɪn 2012 ðɪs wik, θri ˌdɛməˈkrætɪk ˈmɛmbərz əv ðə haʊs kəˈmɪti ɔn ˌfaɪˈnænʃəl ˈsərvɪsɪz ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnətɪvz mækˈsin ˈwɔtərz əv ˌkæləˈfɔrnjə, æl grin əv ˈtɛksəs ənd kiθ ˈɛlɪsən əv ˌmɪnɪˈsoʊtə roʊt ə ˈlɛtər tɪ ðə ˈʧɛrmən ˈkɔlɪŋ fər ə ˈhirɪŋ ɔn ˈædəkˌweɪt ˈʧeɪnʤɪz ɪn ˈmænɪʤmənt ənd ˈwərkˌpleɪs ˈkəlʧər hæv ˈteɪkən place”*” æt ðə nu jɔrk fɛd. ˈsɛnətər ɪˈlɪzəbɪθ ˈwɔrən həz kɔld fər ə ˈsɛnɪt ˈbæŋkɪŋ kəˈmɪti ˈhirɪŋ ɛz wɛl, ənd ʃi sɛd mɔr ˈskrutəni əv ðə fɛd wɑz ˈwɔrəntɪd. teɪps rɪˈvil ə ˈbeɪsɪk ˈkəlʧərəl ˈɪʃu: ðə fɛd kən aɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪ ˈprɑbləmz, bət brɪŋ ˌɪtˈsɛlf tɪ meɪk ðə bæŋks fɪks ðoʊz problems,”*,” mɪz. ˈwɔrən sɛd ɪn ə ˈsteɪtmənt ɔn ˈθərzˌdeɪ. nid kənˈgrɛʃənəl ˈhirɪŋz tɪ dɪg ˈɪntu gɔn rɔŋ æt ðə fɛd, ənd wi nid tɪ du ɪt naʊ bɪˈkəz ɑr hoʊl ɪˈkɑnəmi ɪz ˈraɪdɪŋ ɔn ðə əˈbɪləˌti tɪ ˈsupərˌvaɪz ðə ˈbɪgəst banks.”*.” ðə ˈsɛnɪt ˈbæŋkɪŋ kəˈmɪti ɪz ˈstədiɪŋ ðə ˈɪʃu ənd dəˈbeɪtɪŋ haʊ ɪt wɪl pərˈsid, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ə ˈspoʊksmən fər ðə ˈʧɛrmən əv ðə kəˈmɪti, tɪm ˈʤɑnsən. ˈʤɑnsən səˈpɔrts ɪnˈʃʊrɪŋ ðət ˈrɛgjəˌleɪtərz ər ˈvɪʤələnt ɪn prəˈvaɪdɪŋ strɔŋ, ˌɪndɪˈpɛndənt ˈoʊvərˌsaɪt əv ˌfaɪˈnænʃəl institutions,”*,” hɪz ˈspoʊksmən sɛd. ðə kənˈsərn ˈoʊvər ˌfaɪˈnænʃəl ˈrɛgjəˌleɪtərz hu ər wɪˈθɪn ə ˈpæʧˌwərk əv ˈdɪfərənt ˈeɪʤənsiz ðət ˈoʊvərˌsi ðə bɪg bæŋks biɪŋ ““captured”*” baɪ, ər bɪˈkəmɪŋ tu ˌsɪmpəˈθɛtɪk wɪθ, ðə bæŋks ðeɪ ˈsupərˌvaɪz həz bɪn ə rɪˈkərɪŋ ˈtɑpɪk sɪns ðə ˌfaɪˈnænʃəl ˈkraɪsəs. səm ˈrɛgjəˌleɪtərz ˈfɪzɪkəli wərk ˌɪnˈsaɪd ðə bæŋks ðeɪ ˈsupərˌvaɪz. bət ðə nu jɔrk fɛd, wən əv 12 ˈriʤənəl ˈfɛdərəl rɪˈzərv bæŋks, həz ˈɔlˌweɪz hæd ənˈjuˌʒuəli strɔŋ taɪz tɪ wɔl strit. ɪt ɪz ɪn loʊər mænˈhætən ənd həz hæd wɔl strit ɪgˈzɛkjətɪvz ɔn ɪts bɔrd, ˈæktɪŋ ɛz ædˈvaɪzərz. sɪns ðə ˈkraɪsəs, ðə nu jɔrk fɛd həz ˈteɪkən ɔn ə məʧ ˈbrɔdər roʊl ɪn ˈrɛgjəˌleɪtɪŋ wɔl strit, ˈæftər fərmz laɪk ˈgoʊldmən sɑks ənd ˈmɔrgən ˈstænli wər tərnd ˈɪntu bæŋk ˈhoʊldɪŋ ˈkəmpəˌniz. ðə ˈgəvərnmənt əˈlaʊd ðə bæŋks tɪ ʧeɪnʤ ðɛr ˈstætəs ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə ˈkraɪsəs soʊ ðət ðeɪ kʊd geɪn fʊl ˈækˌsɛs tɪ fɛd əˈsɪstəns ənd ðəs əˈvɔɪd kəˈlæps. ˈmɪstər. ˈdədli wɑz ˈpriviəsli ən ɪˈkɑnəmɪst æt ˈgoʊldmən. æst ɪn ən ˈɪntərvˌju læst jɪr ɪf ðət meɪd ɪt ˈhɑrdər fər ɪm tɪ bi təf ɔn ðə bæŋks, hi sɛd, du nɑt fil ðət aɪ ɪn ˈɛni weɪ hoʊld ˈɛni əˈliʤəns ər ˈlɔɪəlti tɪ ðə ˌfaɪˈnænʃəl ˈɪndəstri whatsoever.”*.” ˈmɪstər. ˈdədli həz ˈteɪkən ˈsɛvərəl stɛps tɪ ˈboʊlstər ðə ˌrɛgjəˈleɪʃən əv ðə bæŋks. ðə ˈnəmbər əv ˌsupərˈvaɪzərz ˈoʊvərˌsiɪŋ ðə ˈlɑrʤəst bæŋks həz ˈdəbəld ɪn ˈrisənt jɪrz. ənd ˈmɪstər. ˈdədli sɛd ɔn ˈθərzˌdeɪ ðət ðə ˈeɪʤənsi dɪd nɑt lɛt ɪts ˈrɛgjəˌleɪtərz steɪ tu lɔŋ ɔn wən bæŋk. ˈsinjər əˈfɪʃəlz æt ðə nu jɔrk fɛd seɪ ðɛr ˈoʊvərˌsaɪt həz pleɪd ə ˈsɛntrəl roʊl ɪn ˈɛfərts tɪ meɪk bɪg bæŋks ˈseɪfər sɪns ðə ˈkraɪsəs. ðə fɛd hɛlps dɪˈvaɪz ˈsoʊˈkɔld strɛs tɛsts ðət bæŋks hæv tɪ ˌəndərˈgoʊ iʧ jɪr. ənd ɪt həz lɛd ðə ˈoʊvərˌhɔl əv ə væst ˈmɑrkɪt kɔld ðə ˈripoʊ ˈmɑrkɪt ðət fɛl əˈpɑrt ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə ˈkraɪsəs ənd stoʊkt ðə ˈpænɪk. ˈmɪstər. ˈdədli səˈpraɪzd səm ɔn wɔl strit wɪθ ə spiʧ læst jɪr ðət tʊk eɪm æt ˈrisənt ˈɛθɪkəl ˈlæpsɪz æt bæŋks, laɪk ðə ˈskændəlz ˌɪnˈvɑlvɪŋ ðə ˈrɪgɪŋ əv ˌfaɪˈnænʃəl ˈbɛnʧˌmɑrks. ɪz ˈɛvədəns əv ˈkəlʧərəl ənd ˈɛθɪkəl ˈfeɪljərz æt ˈmɛni lɑrʤ ˌfaɪˈnænʃəl institutions,”*,” hi sɛd. ˈgoʊldmən həz feɪst ˌpɑrˈtɪkjələrli kloʊz ˈskrutəni frəm ˈrɛgjəˌleɪtərz fər ðə weɪ ɪt həz ˈhændəld ˈkɑnflɪkts əv ˈɪntəˌrɛst ðət ɪgˈzɪst bɪtˈwin ðə bæŋk ənd ɪts ˈkəstəmərz. ðə sɪˈkjʊrətiz ənd ɪksˈʧeɪnʤ kəˈmɪʃən əˈkjuzd ðə bæŋk sun ˈæftər ðə ˈkraɪsəs əv ˈsɛlɪŋ ˌfaɪˈnænʃəl ˈprɑdəkts tɪ ˈkəstəmərz waɪl æt ðə seɪm taɪm ˈpleɪsɪŋ bɛts əˈgɛnst ðə seɪm ˈprɑdəkts. ˈgoʊldmən kənˈdəktəd ən ˌɪnˈtərnəl ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃən əv ɪts ˈpɑləsiz, wɪʧ rɪˈzəltɪd ɪn ə rɪˈpɔrt ɔn weɪz ðə bæŋk kʊd rɪˈfɔrm ɪts ˈpræktɪsɪz. bət ə jɪr ˈæftər ðə rɪˈpɔrt keɪm aʊt, ə ʤəʤ ʧæˈstaɪzd ðə ˈkəmpəˌni fər ædˈvaɪzɪŋ ə ˈkəmpəˌni ɪn nɪˌgoʊʃiˈeɪʃənz wɪθ əˈnəðər ˈkəmpəˌni ðət ˈgoʊldmən ˈpɑrtli oʊnd. mɔr, ə ˈgoʊldmən ɪmˈplɔɪi ˌɪnˈvɑlvd ɪn ðə dil dɪd nɑt dɪˈskloʊz ðət hi oʊnd ə lɑrʤ steɪk ɪn wən əv ðə ˈkəmpəˌniz. mɪz. sɛˈgɑrə, ðə nu jɔrk fɛd ˈrɛgjəˌleɪtər hu ˈɛndɪd əp biɪŋ faɪərd, kəmˈpleɪnd ðət ˈgoʊldmən dɪd nɑt hæv ə klɪr ɪˈnəf ˈpɑləsi ɔn ˈkɑnflɪkts əv ˈɪntəˌrɛst. ɔn ðə deɪ ðət ðə ˈɑrtɪkəl keɪm aʊt, ˈgoʊldmən əˈnaʊnst ˈʧeɪnʤɪz tɪ ɪts ˈpɑləsi ðət bɑrd ˌɪnˈvɛstmənt ˈbæŋkərz frəm ˈhoʊldɪŋ stɑk ɪn ˌɪndəˈvɪʤəwəl ˈkəmpəˌniz, əˈməŋ ˈəðər θɪŋz. ə ˈspoʊksmən fər ˈgoʊldmən sɛd ðə ˈtaɪmɪŋ əv ðə ˈʧeɪnʤɪz wɑz nɑt rɪˈleɪtɪd tɪ ðə pis. ðə ˈkəmpəˌni sɛd ɪn ə ˈsteɪtmənt ðət ɪt lɔŋ hæd ə ˌkɑmpriˈhɛnsɪv əˈproʊʧ fər æˈdrɛsɪŋ pəˈtɛnʃəl conflicts.”*.”
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wall street’s top regulator is coming under new criticism for failing to adequately police the banks under its supervision, years after the financial crisis.
lawmakers are scrutinizing allegations that the federal reserve bank of new york went easy on one of the most prominent banks under its watch, goldman sachs, despite concerns voiced by those inside the fed that a deal goldman was pursuing was “legal, but shady.”
now committees in the senate and house of representatives are looking at whether to hold hearings or conduct more extensive investigations into the fed’s oversight of goldman and other banks.
the renewed interest in the fed’s role came after the release of secret recordings detailing interactions between employees of the new york fed and goldman, which were made public by the investigative news organization propublica and the radio program “this american life.”
the former fed employee, carmen m. segarra, who made the recordings had previously sued the new york fed, arguing that she had been fired for being too hard on goldman. while ms. segarra’s suit was dismissed, the newly released recordings suggest that her supervisor at the new york fed went easy on goldman, even after saying he wanted “to put a big shot across their bow” on a deal in which goldman was suspected of helping make banco santander look financially stronger than it was.
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the pressure on the new york fed was apparent on thursday when the head of the agency, william c. dudley, came to the defense of his staff, unprompted, at the end of a speech at new york university.
“we will continue striving to improve, but i think anyone should question our motives or what we are attempting to accomplish,” mr. dudley said.
soon after the financial crisis, a report on the new york fed’s practices by a columbia university professor, david beim, found that the regulator needed to be “willing to stand up to banks and demand both information and action” and was “too risk-averse to respond quickly and flexibly to new challenges.”
mr. dudley, the current president of the new york fed, said on thursday that after he received the beim report in 2009, the agency’s bank supervision arm went through a “significant reorganization.”
but the conduct detailed in ms. segarra’s recordings came later, in 2012.
this week, three democratic members of the house committee on financial services — representatives maxine waters of california, al green of texas and keith ellison of minnesota — wrote a letter to the committee’s chairman calling for a hearing on “whether adequate changes in management and workplace culture have taken place” at the new york fed.
senator elizabeth warren has called for a senate banking committee hearing as well, and she said more scrutiny of the fed was warranted.
“the tapes reveal a basic cultural issue: the fed can identify problems, but can’t bring itself to make the banks fix those problems,” ms. warren said in a statement on thursday. “we need congressional hearings to dig into what’s gone wrong at the fed, and we need to do it now because our whole economy is riding on the fed’s ability to supervise the biggest banks.”
the senate banking committee is studying the issue and debating how it will proceed, according to a spokesman for the chairman of the committee, tim johnson.
“chairman johnson supports ensuring that regulators are vigilant in providing strong, independent oversight of financial institutions,” his spokesman said.
the concern over financial regulators — who are within a patchwork of different agencies that oversee the big banks — being “captured” by, or becoming too sympathetic with, the banks they supervise has been a recurring topic since the financial crisis. some regulators physically work inside the banks they supervise.
but the new york fed, one of 12 regional federal reserve banks, has always had unusually strong ties to wall street. it is in lower manhattan and has had wall street executives on its board, acting as advisers.
since the crisis, the new york fed has taken on a much broader role in regulating wall street, after firms like goldman sachs and morgan stanley were turned into bank holding companies. the government allowed the banks to change their status during the crisis so that they could gain full access to fed assistance and thus avoid collapse.
mr. dudley was previously an economist at goldman. asked in an interview last year if that made it harder for him to be tough on the banks, he said, “i do not feel that i in any way hold any allegiance or loyalty to the financial industry whatsoever.”
mr. dudley has taken several steps to bolster the agency’s regulation of the banks. the number of supervisors overseeing the largest banks has doubled in recent years. and mr. dudley said on thursday that the agency did not let its regulators stay too long on one bank.
senior officials at the new york fed say their oversight has played a central role in efforts to make big banks safer since the crisis. the fed helps devise so-called stress tests that banks have to undergo each year. and it has led the overhaul of a vast short-term-debt market — called the tri-party repo market — that fell apart during the crisis and stoked the panic.
mr. dudley surprised some on wall street with a speech last year that took aim at recent ethical lapses at banks, like the scandals involving the rigging of financial benchmarks. “there is evidence of deep-seated cultural and ethical failures at many large financial institutions,” he said.
goldman has faced particularly close scrutiny from regulators for the way it has handled conflicts of interest that exist between the bank and its customers. the securities and exchange commission accused the bank soon after the crisis of selling financial products to customers while at the same time placing bets against the same products.
goldman conducted an internal investigation of its policies, which resulted in a 63-page report on ways the bank could reform its practices. but a year after the report came out, a judge chastised the company for advising a company in negotiations with another company that goldman partly owned. what’s more, a goldman employee involved in the deal did not disclose that he owned a large stake in one of the companies.
ms. segarra, the new york fed regulator who ended up being fired, complained that goldman did not have a clear enough policy on conflicts of interest.
on the day that the propublica article came out, goldman announced changes to its conflict-of-interest policy that barred investment bankers from holding stock in individual companies, among other things.
a spokesman for goldman said the timing of the changes was not related to the propublica piece.
the company said in a statement that it “has long had a comprehensive approach for addressing potential conflicts.”
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brus ə. ˈʧædwɪk, brɛnt ɛl. tɔp, ənd ˈrɪʧərd ʤeɪ. məˈkleɪndən, purity,”*,” ɪn ʃild əv feɪθ: ðə paʊər əv rɪˈlɪʤən ɪn ðə lɪvz əv juθ ənd jəŋ ˈædəlts (ˈproʊvoʊ, ut*: rɪˈlɪʤəs ˈstədiz ˈsɛnər, ˈbrɪgəm jəŋ ˌjunəˈvərsəti; sɔlt leɪk ˈsɪti: ˌdɛzərˈeɪ bʊk, 2010 ˈsɛkʃuəl ˈpjʊrɪti ɪn ðə ˈərli deɪz əv ðə ʧərʧ əv ˈʤizəs kraɪst əv seɪnts, ðə ˈprɑfət ˈʤoʊzəf smɪθ ˈprɑfəˌsid ðət ˈmɛmbərz əv ðə ʧərʧ rɪˈsiv mɔr tɛmˈteɪʃənz, bi mɔr ˈbəˌfɪtɪd, ənd hæv ˈgreɪtər difficulty”*” wɪθ ˈsɛkʃuəl ˌɪmərˈælɪti ðən wɪθ ˈɛni ˈəðər ˈsɪŋgəl ˈʧælənʤ (ˈbrɪgəm jəŋ, 1860 ðət ˈprɑfəsi ɪz biɪŋ fʊlˈfɪld təˈdeɪ. ðə ˈsoʊˈkɔld ˈsɛkʃuəl ˌrɛvəˈluʃən ðət ˈstɑrtɪd ɪn ðə kənˈtɪnjuz tɪ ˌɪmˈpækt soʊˈsaɪɪti. jəŋ ənd oʊld əˈlaɪk ər bɑmˈbɑrdɪd wɪθ ˈɪmɪʤɪz əv ənd ˌɪmərˈælɪti. juθ ər ɪnˈgeɪʤɪŋ ɪn priˈmɛrətəl sɛks æt ˈərliər ənd ˈərliər ˈeɪʤɪz. ðət wɪʧ wɑz wəns kənˈsɪdərd ˈseɪkrɪd, ər æt list ˈpraɪvət, ɪz naʊ ˈspoʊkən əv ˈkæʒəwəli ənd wɪθ ˈlɪtəl ˈrɛvərəns. ðoʊz hu spik əp fər ˈmɔrəl ˈvæljuz ənd ˈædvəˌkeɪt ˈʧæstəti ˌbiˈfɔr ˈmɛrɪʤ ənd ˌfaɪˈdɛləti wɪˈθɪn ˈmɛrɪʤ ər ˈɔfən pʊt daʊn ɛz biɪŋ prəˈvɪnʃəl ənd ˌənsəˈfɪstɪˌkeɪtɪd. ənˈfɔrʧənətli, ˈmɛni ˈpɛrənts, skul əˈfɪʃəlz, ənd ˈgəvərnmənt ˈlidərz sim lɛs kənˈsərnd wɪθ ðə ˌɪmərˈælɪti əv priˈmɛrətəl ˈsɛkʃuəl bɪˈheɪvjər ðən wɪθ ðə ˈsoʊʃəl ɪlz ðət ˈɔfən kəm wɪθ ˈprɛgnənsiz, əˈbɔrʃən, ənd ˈsɛkʃuəli trænzˈmɪtəd dɪˈzizɪz. ˌɔlˈðoʊ ðiz ər ˈvɛri ˈsɪriəs ənd ˈdæmɪʤɪŋ ˌræməfəˈkeɪʃənz əv ə ˈsɛkʃuəli pərˈmɪsɪv soʊˈsaɪɪti, ðɛr ər jɛt ˈəðər ˈsoʊbərɪŋ ˈkɑnsəkˌwɛnsəz, səʧ ɛz ðə ˈnɛgətɪv ˈɪnfluəns ˈərli priˈmɛrətəl ˈsɛkʃuəl ækˈtɪvɪti həz ɔn ðə əˈbɪləˌti tɪ fɔrm ˈlɔŋˈtərm riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪps ˈleɪtər ɪn laɪf bʊʃ, 2008 ˈnumərəs ˈstədiz ˈkrɑnɪkəl ðɪs pərˈveɪsɪv ˈkəlʧər əv ˌsɛkʃuˈæləti ənd ðə ˈdæmɪʤɪŋ ˈifɛkts əv priˈmɛrətəl ˈsɛkʃuəl ækˈtɪvɪti əˈməŋ ˈtiˌneɪʤərz ənd jəŋ ˈædəlts. wən ˈstədi faʊnd ðət əˈməŋ 13 əv gərlz ənd 21 əv bɔɪz hæv ɪnˈgeɪʤd ɪn ˈsɛkʃuəl ˈɪnərˌkɔrs (abma*, mɑrˈtinɛz, ˈmoʊʒər, ˈdɔsən, 2004 ðə pərˈsɛnɪʤɪz ˈstɛdəli ˌɪnˈkris wɪθ eɪʤ, soʊ ðət 70 əv ənˈmɛrid gərlz wər ˈsɛkʃuəli ˈæktɪv. ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪŋli, fjuər bɔɪz 65 wər ˈsɛkʃuəli ɪkˈspɪriənst æt ðə seɪm eɪʤ. ə slaɪt ˈdiˌkris ɪn priˈmɛrətəl sɛks wɑz ˈnoʊtɪd ɪn ðə rɪˈpɔrt ˈdʊrɪŋ mɔr ˈrisənt jɪrz. ðə pərˈsɛnt əv ˈsɛkʃuəli ɪkˈspɪriənst ˈtiˌneɪʤ gərlz ˈeɪʤɪz 15 tɪ 19 drɑpt frəm 49 ɪn 1997 tɪ 46 ɪn 2002 ðə dɪˈklaɪn wɑz mɔr sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt fər bɔɪz, ˈdrɑpɪŋ frəm 55 ɪn 1997 tɪ 46 ɪn 2002 waɪl ðɪs ˈmɑdəst ʧeɪnʤ ɪz ˈwɛlkəm nuz, ˈpɛrənts ʃʊd nɑt hoʊld aʊt hoʊp ðət ðə ˈfrikwənsi əv tin sɛks wɪl dɪˈmɪnɪʃ. ðə ˈɛmfəsɪs ɔn ˌsɛkʃuˈæləti ɪn ˈʤɛnərəl soʊˈsaɪɪti ənd ɪn ðə ˈmidiə ˈmɛsɪʤɪz bɑmˈbɑrdɪŋ ˈtiˌneɪʤərz wɪl ɪnˈʃʊr ðət ðɛr ˈlɛvəl əv ˈsɛkʃuəl ækˈtɪvɪti wɪl rɪˈmeɪn haɪ (ˈlɛvɪn ˈkɪlbərn, 2008 ðiz ˈfraɪtənɪŋ trɛnz ˈʤɛnərˌeɪt kˈwɛsʧənz əˈbaʊt haʊ seɪnt tinz ər ˈfɛriŋ ɪn ðɪs ˈmɔrəli pəˈlutɪd ɪnˈvaɪrənmənt. wət ɪz ðɛr ˈlɛvəl əv pɑrˌtɪsəˈpeɪʃən ɪn priˈmɛrətəl ˈsɛkʃuəl ækˈtɪvɪtiz? wət ər ðə ˈfæktərz ðət dɪˈskərɪʤ ˈtiˌneɪʤ sɛks? wət, ɪf ˈɛniˌθɪŋ, kən bi dən tɪ hɛlp ˈstrɛŋθən juθ əˈgɛnst ðə ˈmɛni ˈɪnˌfluənsɪz ðət ˈkɑmprəˌmaɪz ˈpərsɪnəl ˈpjʊrɪti? ðɪs ˈʧæptər siks tɪ ˈænsər ðiz kˈwɛsʧənz. ɑr ˈstədi kəmˈpɛrz ðə priˈmɛrətəl ˈsɛkʃuəl bɪˈheɪvjər əv haɪ skul ˈstudənts tɪ ðət əv ˈəðər juθ ɪn ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts. tɪ prəˈvaɪd ˈminɪŋfəl ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən fər ˈpɛrənts, ʧərʧ ˈlidərz, ənd ˈəðər ˈædəlts, wi ˈtɛstɪd ðə ˌkɔrəˈleɪʃən bɪtˈwin priˈmɛrətəl sɛks əˈməŋ juθ ənd ðə ˈfæktərz əv frɛndz, rɪˈlɪʤən, ənd ˈfæməli. wi juzd ə ˈstrəkʧərəl ɪkˈweɪʒən ˈmɑdəl ðət ˌɪnˈkludɪd pɪr, ˈfæməli, ənd rɪˈlɪʤəs ˈfæktərz tɪ tɛst haʊ ðiz ˈfæktərz prɪˈdɪktɪd priˈmɛrətəl ˈsɛkʃuəl bɪˈheɪvjər. ðə ˈɪnfluəns əv frɛndz pɪr ˈprɛʃər ɪz ðə moʊst sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt prɪˈdɪktər əv dɪˈlɪŋkwənsi, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ˈərli ˈsɛkʃuəl ækˈtɪvɪti. ðə ɪkˈstɛnsɪv ˈlɪtərəʧər ˈlɪŋkɪŋ friends’*’ ˈætəˌtudz, ɪgˈzæmpəlz, ənd ˈprɛʃər tɪ ˈsɛkʃuəl bɪˈheɪvjər ɪz pərsˈweɪsɪv. ˈmɪlər ənd mʊr 1990 rivˈjud ðə ˈlɪtərəʧər əv ðə ˌænˈtɛsədənts əv priˈmɛrətəl sɛks əˈməŋ ˌædəˈlɛsənts fər ðə 1980s*. beɪst ɔn ˈsɛvən ˈstədiz, ðeɪ kənˈkludɪd ðət pɪr ˈɪnˌfluənsɪz wər ðə moʊst sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt prɪˈdɪktərz əv ˌædəˈlɛsənt ˈsɛkʃuəl bɪˈheɪvjər. ˈrisərʧ ɪn ðə kənˈtɪnjud tɪ səˈpɔrt ðə sɪgˈnɪfɪkəns əv friends’*’ ˈɪnfluəns ɪn ˌɪˈnɪʃiˌeɪtɪŋ (pɑrˈtɪsəˌpeɪtɪŋ ɪn fər ðə fərst taɪm) ˈsɛkʃuəl bɪˈheɪvjər. fər ɪgˈzæmpəl, ə ˈstədi əv ˈstudənts əˈtɛndɪŋ tɛn ˈpraɪvət haɪ skulz ˈskætərd əˈkrɔs ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts ˈtɛstɪd fɔr kəmˈpitɪŋ ˈθɪriz əv tin ˈsɛkʃuəl ækˈtɪvɪti (ˈbɛndə dɪˈblɑsiˌoʊ, 1991 ˌdɪfərˈɛnʃəl əˌsoʊʃiˈeɪʃən ˈθɪri, wən əv ðə fɔr ˈθɪriz, ˈfoʊkɪsɪz ˈlɑrʤli ɔn pɪr ˈprɛʃər. ðɪs əˈkaʊntɪd fər ˌtuˈθərdz əv ðə ˈvɛriəns ɪn ˈsɛkʃuəl ækˈtɪvɪti əˈməŋ ðiz jəŋ ˈpipəl. ðɪs ˈvɛriəns ɪz ˈvɛri haɪ fər ˈsoʊʃəl saɪəns ˈrisərʧ ənd prəˈvaɪdz ˈpaʊərfəl səˈpɔrt fər ðə ˌɪmˈpɔrtəns əv pɪrz. ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪŋli, ðə ˈɔθərz səˈʤɛstɪd ðət fˈjuʧər ˈrisərʧ ʃʊd ɪgˈzæmɪn ðə ˈifɛkts əv ˈfæməli ˌkɛrɪktərˈɪstɪks ɔn youths’*’ səˌsɛptəˈbɪləti tɪ pɪr ˈprɛʃər fər ˈsɛkʃuəl ˌɪnˈvɑlvmənt. ˈwɪtˌbɛk, ˈjoʊdər, ənd ˈkɔŋər 1993 əˈtɛmptəd tɪ ənˈrævəl ðə riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪp bɪtˈwin pɪr ənd ˈfæməli ˈɪnˌfluənsɪz ɔn ðə priˈmɛrətəl ˈsɛkʃuəl ækˈtɪvɪti əv ˌædəˈlɛsənt gərlz. ˈpænəl ˈdætə (kəˈlɛktəd frəm ðə seɪm ˈstudənts æt tu ˈdɪfərənt taɪmz) wər əbˈteɪnd frəm ə ˈsæmpəl əv 451 ˈfæməliz wɪθ ˈstudənts əˈtɛndɪŋ skulz ɪn ə mɪdˈwɛstərn steɪt. ðə ˌɪˈnɪʃəl ˈdætə wər kəˈlɛktəd ɪn 1989 ɪn əˈdɪʃən tɪ pɪr ˈprɛʃər, ðə ˈstədi ˈænəˌlaɪzd ðə ˈɪnfluəns əv ˈoʊldər ˈsɪstərz wɪˈθɪn fɔr jɪrz əv ðə respondents’*’ eɪʤ. ˈoʊldər ˈsɪstərz sərvd ɛz roʊl ˈmɑdəlz fər ə səbˈstænʃəl ˈnəmbər əv gərlz. ˈdætə ɔn ˈsɛkʃuəl ækˈtɪvɪti wɑz kəˈlɛktəd wən jɪr ˈæftər ðə ˌɪˈnɪʃəl ˈdætə kəˈlɛkʃən kənˈsərnɪŋ frɛndz ənd ˈsɪstərz. ðə ˈmɑdəl rɪˈvild ðət friends’*’ ˈsɛkʃuəl ɪkˈspɪriəns wɑz ðə ˈstrɔŋgəst prɪˈdɪktər əv girls’*’ ˈsɛkʃuəl ˌɪˌnɪʃiˈeɪʃən. rɪˈzəlts ˈɔlsoʊ ʃoʊd ðət gərlz wɪθ ə ˈsɛkʃuəli ˈæktɪv ˈoʊldər ˈsɪstər wər mɔr ˈlaɪkli tɪ ɪnˈgeɪʤ ɪn ˈsɛkʃuəl ækˈtɪvɪti ənd tɪ rɪˈspɑnd tɪ pɪr ˈprɛʃər tɪ hæv sɛks. ɪn ə ˈleɪtər ˈstədi, ˈwɪtˌbɛk, ˈsaɪmənz, ənd ˈgoʊldbərg 1996 əˈtɛmptəd tɪ aɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪ ðə ˈprɑsɛsəz wɛrˈbaɪ pɪr ˌkɛrɪktərˈɪstɪks ˈɪnfluəns ˌædəˈlɛsənt ˈsɛkʃuəl bɪˈheɪvjər. ðeɪ juzd ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən əbˈteɪnd frəm 499 gərlz ɪn ðə ˈaɪəwə juθ ənd ˈfæməliz ˈprɑʤɛkt ənd ðə ˈaɪəwə ˈsɪŋgəl ˈpɛrənt ˈprɑʤɛkt. ðeɪ ˌɪnˈkludɪd əˌsoʊʃiˈeɪʃən wɪθ ˈdiviənt pɪrz əˈlɔŋ wɪθ ˈsɛvərəl ˈmɛʒərz. ðeɪ faʊnd ðət gərlz hu əˈsoʊʃiˌeɪtəd wɪθ frɛndz hu wər ˈbreɪkɪŋ ðə lɔ, hu hæd bɪn ərˈɛstɪd, hu wər ˈfaɪtɪŋ wɪθ ðɛr ˈpɛrənts, ər hu wər nɑt duɪŋ wɛl ɪn skul wər sɪgˈnɪfɪkəntli mɔr ˈlaɪkli tɪ hæv ˌɪˈnɪʃiˌeɪtɪd ˈsɛkʃuəl ækˈtɪvɪti. ɪt əˈpɪrz ðət dɪˈlɪŋkwənt pɪrz ˌɪnˈkludɪd priˈmɛrətəl sɛks əˈməŋ ðɛr dɪˈlɪŋkwənt bɪˈheɪvjərz. ən ɛkəˈlɑʤɪkəl ˈmɑdəl wɑz ˈtɛstɪd baɪ ˈpərkɪnz, ˈləstər, villarruel*, ənd smɔl 1998 ðɪs ˈmɑdəl ˌɪnˈkludɪd ˈfæktərz ɪn ə ˈfæməli, ˈneɪbərˌhʊd, skul, ənd pɪr ɪnˈvaɪrənmənts ðət pʊt ɪm ər hər æt rɪsk fər ɪnˈgeɪʤɪŋ ɪn sɛks. ˈdætə wɑz kəˈlɛktəd frəm ə ˈsæmpəl əv ˈoʊvər juθ ˈeɪʤɪz 12 tɪ 17 ɪn ə lɑrʤ mɪdˈwɛstərn steɪt. ðə ˈmɑdəl ˌɪnˈkludɪd ə pɪr dɪˈlɪŋkwənsi skeɪl ðət æst ɪf ðə ˈkloʊsəst frɛndz drɪŋk, juz drəgz, ənd gɪt ˈɪntu ˈtrəbəl æt skul. əˌsoʊʃiˈeɪʃən wɪθ dɪˈlɪŋkwənt frɛndz wɑz ðə ˈstrɔŋgəst prɪˈdɪktər əv ˈsɛkʃuəl ɪkˈspɪriəns fər boʊθ bɔɪz ənd gərlz. ˈwɪtˌbɛk ənd hɪz əˈsoʊʃiˌeɪts 1999 ˈtɛstɪd ə ˈmɑdəl ðət ˌɪnˈkludɪd pɪr ˈɪnˌfluənsɪz, ˈfæməli ˈɪnˌfluənsɪz, ənd tɪ prɪˈdɪkt priˈmɛrətəl sɛks. ˈnɪrli 500 ˌædəˈlɛsənts ɪn ðə eɪθ ənd tɛnθ greɪdz pɑrˈtɪsəˌpeɪtɪd ɪn tu ˈpænəl ˈstədiz. ðə ˌɪˈnɪʃəl weɪv əv ˈdætə wɑz kəˈlɛktəd ɪn 1989 ənd ðə ˈsɛkənd weɪv ɪn 1993 ˈstɛdi ˈdeɪtɪŋ, ə fɔrm əv pɪr ˈɪnfluəns, ˌɪnˈkrist ðə ˈlaɪkliˌhʊd əv ˈhævɪŋ ˈsɛkʃuəl ˈɪnərˌkɔrs baɪ faɪv taɪmz. ðɪs ˈfaɪndɪŋ ˌəndərˈskɔrz prəˈfɛtɪk ˈkaʊnsəl fər juθ tɪ dɪˈleɪ ˈdeɪtɪŋ ənˈtɪl eɪʤ 16 ənd ðɛn tɪ əˈvɔɪd ˈstɛdi ˈdeɪtɪŋ. ɪn əˈdɪʃən, əˌsoʊʃiˈeɪʃən wɪθ dɪˈlɪŋkwənt frɛndz ˌɪnˈkrist ðə ˈʧænsɪz əv ˈsɛkʃuəl ækˈtɪvɪti baɪ wən ənd ə hæf taɪmz. ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪŋli, ˈʤɛnərəl dɪˈlɪŋkwənsi əv frɛndz wɑz mɔr sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt ðən friends’*’ ˈsɛkʃuəl ækˈtɪvɪti. ɪn 1994 ən ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪŋ ˈstədi ˈɪntərvˌjud jəŋ ˈpipəl hu wər ˈsɛkʃuəli ˌɪnɛkˈspɪriənst, ənd ðɛn ðiz jəŋ ˈpipəl wər ˈɪntərvˌjud əˈgɛn ɪn 1996 (ˈsɪvɪŋ, ˈaɪzənbərg, pettingell*, skay*, 2006 ðoʊz hu hæd ˌɪˈnɪʃiˌeɪtɪd sɛks ˈdʊrɪŋ ðɪs ˈpɪriəd bɪtˈwin ˈɪntərvˌjuz wər kəmˈpɛrd tɪ ðoʊz hu hæd rɪˈmeɪnd ˈvərʤənz. ðə ˈstrɔŋgəst ˈɪnˌfluənsɪz ɔn ɛnˈgeɪʤmənt ɪn priˈmɛrətəl sɛks wər ˈsɛkʃuəli ˈæktɪv pɪrz ənd frɛndz hu əˈpruvd, ɪnˈkərəʤd, ənd ˈlɔdɪd ˈsɛkʃuəl ˌɪnˈvɑlvmənt. fər ɪgˈzæmpəl, 42 əv ðoʊz hu hæd sɛks həŋ aʊt wɪθ ˈsɛkʃuəli ˈæktɪv frɛndz, waɪl ˈoʊnli 28 əv ðə ˈvərʤənz hæd ˈsɛkʃuəli ˌɪnˈvɑlvd frɛndz. wi kʊd æd ˈdəzənz əv ˈəðər ˈstədiz səˈpɔrtɪŋ ðə ˌɪmˈpɔrtəns əv frɛndz ɪn ðə ˌɪˌnɪʃiˈeɪʃən əv ˌædəˈlɛsənt ˈsɛkʃuəl ækˈtɪvɪti. ðə fju rivˈjud ɪn ðɪs ˈʧæptər ˈmɪrli ˈɪləˌstreɪt ðə ɪkˈstɛnsɪv ˈlɪtərəʧər ˈdɑkjəmənɪŋ ðə ˌɪmˈpɔrtəns əv pɪrz ɪn ˌəndərˈstændɪŋ waɪ tinz ɪnˈgeɪʤ ɪn priˈmɛrətəl ˈsɛkʃuəl bɪˈheɪvjər. ˈrisənt ˈstədiz hæv ˈfoʊkɪst ɔn ə ˌpɑrˈtɪkjələrli pərˈnɪʃəs taɪp əv ɪkˈstrim pɪr ˈfɪzɪkəl fɔrs. ɪn səʧ ˈkeɪsɪz jəŋ ˈwɪmən ər ˈlɪtərəli fɔrst tɪ ɪnˈgeɪʤ ɪn sɛks. ˈmɪlər, ˈmɑnsən, ənd ˈnɔrtən 1995 faʊnd ðət ˈnɪrli 10 əv jəŋ ˈwɪmən ˌɪnˈkludɪd ɪn ðə 1987 ˈnæʃənəl ˈsərˌveɪ əv ˈʧɪldrən hæd bɪn fɔrst tɪ hæv sɛks. sɪgˈnɪfɪkəntli, ðeɪ dɪˈskəvərd ðət ðə gərlz hu hæd bɪn fɔrst ˈɪntu sɛks hæd mɔr pərˈmɪsɪv ˈsɛkʃuəl ˈætəˌtudz ənd hæd ɪnˈgeɪʤd ɪn ˈvɑləntɛri sɛks æt ə ˈjəŋgər eɪʤ ðən ðoʊz gərlz hu hæd nɑt bɪn fɔrst. ðɪs səˈʤɛsts ðət wəns ˌɪˈnɪʃiˌeɪtɪd, ˈivɪn baɪ fɔrs, ðə gərlz bɪˈkəm mɔr əkˈsɛptɪŋ əv səʧ bɪˈheɪvjər. ɛt æl. 2004 ˈænəˌlaɪzd ˈdætə frəm ðə 2002 ˈnæʃənəl ˈsərˌveɪ əv ˈfæməli groʊθ. əv ðə gərlz ˈəndər eɪʤ 14 ˈɪndəˌkeɪtɪd ðət ðɛr fərst ˈɪnərˌkɔrs hæd bɪn ˌɪnˈvɑlənˌtɛri. əˈbaʊt 10 əv ðə 14 ənd gərlz ənd əˈbaʊt 5 əv ðə 16 tɪ gərlz ˌriˈpɔrtəd ðeɪ hæd bɪn fɔrst tɪ hæv sɛks. ðə jəŋ ˈwɪmən wər ˈɔlsoʊ æst tɪ reɪt frəm wən tɪ tɛn ðə ““wantedness”*” (ər dɪˈzaɪər) əv ðɛr fərst ˈɪnərˌkɔrs. ˈivɪn əˈməŋ jəŋ ˈwɪmən hu hæd ˈvɑləntɛri ˈɪnərˌkɔrs, əˈbaʊt hæf ˈreɪtɪd ðə dɪˈzaɪər ˈrəðər loʊ (ɪn ðə reɪnʤ) ˈrəðər ðən ɪn ðə ˈəpər ɛnd əv ðə skeɪl. ðeɪ ˈɔlsoʊ faʊnd ðət ðə ˈgreɪtər ðə eɪʤ ˈdɪfərəns bɪtˈwin ðə jəŋ gərl ənd hər ˈpɑrtnər, ðə haɪər ðə ˈlaɪkliˌhʊd ðət fɔrs hæd bɪn ˌɪnˈvɑlvd. wi ˈsəˌspɛkt ðət gərlz, bɪˈkəz əv ðɛr rɪˈlɪʤəs ˈvæljuz ənd ˈtreɪnɪŋ, ər mɔr ˈhɛzɪtənt tɪ ɪnˈgeɪʤ ɪn sɛks ənd soʊ ər æt rɪsk əv biɪŋ fɔrst æt ə reɪt haɪər ðən ðə ˈnæʃənəl ˈævərɪʤ. ɪn əˈdɪʃən, wi əbˈzərvd ðət gərlz hu deɪt ˈoʊldər jəŋ mɛn ər moʊst ˈlaɪkli æt ˈgreɪtər rɪsk əv biɪŋ fɔrst ˈɪntu ˈhævɪŋ sɛks. ˈmɛʒərɪŋ pɪr ˈprɛʃər beɪst ɔn ðɪs ˈlɪtərəʧər, wi ˌɪnˈklud faɪv ˈmɛʒərz əv pɪr ˈɪnfluəns ɪn ɑr ˈmɑdəl. fərst, wi ˌɪnˈklud ðə ɪgˈzæmpəl əv frɛndz hu hæv ɪkˈspɪriənst ˈsɛkʃuəl ækˈtɪvɪti. ðiz frɛndz meɪ nɑt ˈprɛʃər ðə juθ tɪ hæv sɛks, bət ðeɪ sərv ɛz ˈnɛgətɪv roʊl ˈmɑdəlz. ˈsɛkənd, wi ˌɪnˈkludɪd friends’*’ ˈprɛʃər tɪ pɑrˈtɪsəˌpeɪt ɪn priˈmɛrətəl sɛks. ðɪs wɑz ðə prəˈpɔrʃən əv frɛndz hu ɪnˈkərəʤd, tizd, ənd ˈprɛʃərd ðə tin tɪ hæv ˈsɛkʃuəl ækˈtɪvɪti. ðə θərd ˈmɛʒər əv pɪr ˈɪnfluəns wɑz friends’*’ ˈprɛʃər tɪ ɪnˈgeɪʤ ɪn ə reɪnʤ əv laɪt dɪˈlɪŋkwənt ækˈtɪvɪtiz səʧ ɛz ˈʧitɪŋ ɔn tɛsts, sˈmoʊkɪŋ, ˈdrɪŋkɪŋ, ənd ˈskɪpɪŋ skul. ɛz ˈnoʊtɪd ˈərliər, səm ˈrisərʧərz hæv ˌriˈpɔrtəd ðət pɪr ˈprɛʃər fər ˈʤɛnərəl dɪˈlɪŋkwənsi wɑz mɔr sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt ðən ˈprɛʃər spəˈsɪfɪkli ˈfoʊkɪst ɔn sɛks. wi ˈɔlsoʊ ˌɪnˈkludɪd ɪn ðə ˈmɑdəl ðə prəˈpɔrʃən əv frɛndz hu wər ˈfɛloʊ ˈmɛmbərz əv ðə ʧərʧ. ðə ˌræʃəˈnæl ɪz ðət ðoʊz wɪθ mɔr frɛndz rɪˈsiv loʊər ˈlɛvəlz əv ˈprɛʃər tɪ pɑrˈtɪsəˌpeɪt ɪn ˈsɛkʃuəl ækˈtɪvɪti. ˈhoʊpfəli ðə tinz ˈæˌkʧuəli rɪˈsiv ˈprɛʃər frəm ðɛr frɛndz tɪ əbˈsteɪn frəm səʧ bɪˈheɪvjər. ˈfaɪnəli, ˈgɪvɪn ðə ˈfaɪndɪŋ baɪ ənd hər əˈsoʊʃiˌeɪts 2004 əˈbaʊt koʊəˈrʃən, wi ˈædɪd ˈwɛðər ər nɑt tinz ˌriˈpɔrtəd ðət ðeɪ hæd bɪn fɔrst tɪ pɑrˈtɪsəˌpeɪt ɪn ˈsɛkʃuəl ækˈtɪvɪtiz. ðə ˈɪnfluəns əv feɪθ ˈkɑkrən ənd 1991 rivˈjud ə səbˈstænʃəl ˈnəmbər əv ˈstədiz ˈtɛstɪŋ ðə riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪp bɪtˈwin rɪˈlɪʤən ənd priˈmɛrətəl ˈsɛkʃuəl bɪˈheɪvjər. ðeɪ kənˈkludɪd ðət ˈɛvədəns əv dɪˈrɛkt ər ˌɪndərˈɛkt ˈifɛkts əv rɪˈlɪʤən rɪˌlɪʤiˈɑsəti ɔn ˈsɛkʃuəl ˈætəˌtudz ənd bɪˈheɪvjər kən bi faʊnd ɪn mɔr ðən 80 ˈstədiz kənˈdəktəd ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə pæst ˈsɛvərəl ˈdɛkeɪdz (pp*. ˈrisərʧ kənˈdəktəd sɪns ðɪs ˌrivˈju həz kənˈfərmd lɪŋk tɪ loʊər ˈlɛvəlz əv priˈmɛrətəl ˈsɛkʃuəl bɪˈheɪvjər. rɪˈlɪʤəs əˌfɪliˈeɪʃən ər ˈprɛfərəns həz ˈfrikwɛntli bɪn ˈnoʊtɪd ɛz ə sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt prɪˈdɪktər əv priˈmɛrətəl ˌsɛkʃuˈæləti. ðoʊz juθ bɪˈlɔŋɪŋ tɪ, ər aɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪɪŋ wɪθ, ə rɪˈlɪʤəs dɪˌnɔməˈneɪʃən rɪˈpɔrt loʊər reɪts əv sɛks ðən du ðə (bɛk, koʊl, ˈhæmənd, 1991 ˈkʊksi, rindfuss*, guilkey*, 1996 ˈbrustər, ˈkʊksi, guildey*, rindfuss*, 1998 smɪθ ˈdɛntən, 2005 ðiz seɪm ˈstədiz hæv ˈnoʊtɪd ðət ˈtiˌneɪʤərz bɪˈlɔŋɪŋ tɪ ˈkrɪsʧɪn ˌfəndəˈmɛnəlɪst dɪˌnɔməˈneɪʃənz pɑrˈtɪsəˌpeɪt ɪn lɛs priˈmɛrətəl sɛks ðən du ˈmɛmbərz əv mɔr ˈlɪˌbərəl dɪˌnɔməˈneɪʃənz (ˈkʊksi, rindfuss*, guilkey*, 1996 ˈbrustər, ˈkʊksi, guildey*, rindfuss*, 1998 smɪθ ˈdɛntən, 2005 ðɪs ɪz nɑt səˈpraɪzɪŋ, ɛz ˌfəndəˈmɛnəlɪst dɪˌnɔməˈneɪʃənz lʊk əˈpɑn ənˈwɛd ˈsɛkʃuəl ækˈtɪvɪti ɛz ə məʧ mɔr ˈsɪriəs sɪn ðən du ˈlɪˌbərəl dɪˌnɔməˈneɪʃənz. bɛk, koʊl, ənd ˈhæmənd 1991 ˈænəˌlaɪzd ˈdætə frəm ðə ˈnæʃənəl ˌlɑnʤəˈtudənəl ˈsərˌveɪz əv juθ kəˈlɛktəd ɪn 1979 ənd ɪn 1983 ðeɪ faʊnd ðət boʊθ jəŋ mɛn ənd jəŋ ˈwɪmən hu bɪˈlɔŋd tɪ ˌpɛntəˈkɔstəl, ˈmɔrmən, ənd ˈwɪtnəsɪz dɪˌnɔməˈneɪʃənz hæd loʊər reɪts əv priˈmɛrətəl sɛks ðən ˈmɛmbərz əv ˈmeɪnˌstrim dɪˌnɔməˈneɪʃənz. wi dɪd nɑt tɛst ðə riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪp bɪtˈwin dɪˌnɔməˈneɪʃənəl əˌfɪliˈeɪʃən ənd priˈmɛrətəl sɛks, bɪˈkəz wi kəˈlɛktəd ˈdætə frəm juθ ˈoʊnli. ɪf wi hæd ˈdætə frəm ˈəðər dɪˌnɔməˈneɪʃənz, wi ər ˈkɑnfədənt ðət tinz wʊd hæv ə loʊər reɪt, ɛz ʧərʧ ˈdɔktərɪn ˈɛmfəˌsaɪzɪz ðət sɛks ˌbiˈfɔr ˈmɛrɪʤ ɪz ə ˈsɪriəs sɪn. ɪn əˈdɪʃən, tɪ hɛlp juθ əˈvɔɪd ˈsɛkʃuəl pɑrˌtɪsəˈpeɪʃən æt ə jəŋ eɪʤ, juθ ər ɪnˈkərəʤd tɪ dɪˈleɪ ˈdeɪtɪŋ ənˈtɪl ðeɪ ər 16 ənd ˈivɪn ðɛn tɪ əˈvɔɪd ˈstɛdi ˈdeɪtɪŋ. wi du kəmˈpɛr ðə reɪts əv ˈsɛkʃuəl bɪˈheɪvjər əv ˈstudənts tɪ ˈnæʃənəl ˈævrɪʤɪz, ə kəmˈpɛrəsən wɪʧ prəˈvaɪdz səm ˈɛvədəns ðət juθ ər sɪgˈnɪfɪkəntli lɛs ˈsɛkʃuəli ˈæktɪv ðən ðɛr pɪrz. ʧərʧ əˈtɛndəns, ər ˈpəblɪk rɪˌlɪʤiˈɑsəti, həz bɪn faʊnd tɪ bi ə strɔŋ prɪˈdɪktər əv priˈmɛrətəl sɛks əˈməŋ ˈtiˌneɪʤərz (ˈstudər ˈθɔrntən, 1987 ˈθɔrntən ˈkæmˌbərn, 1989 ˈmɪlər mʊr, 1990 ˈpitərsən donnenwerth*, 1997 əˈtɛndəns æt rɪˈlɪʤəs ˈsərvɪsɪz ɪz əˈsumd tɪ bi ən ˈɪndəˌkeɪtər əv ðə ˌɪmˈpɔrtəns əv rɪˈlɪʤən ɪn ə laɪf ənd ðəs ɪz əˈsoʊʃiˌeɪtəd wɪθ loʊər priˈmɛrətəl ˌsɛkʃuˈæləti. deɪ 1992 ˈænəˌlaɪzd ˈdætə frəm ðə ˈnæʃənəl ˌlɑnʤəˈtudənəl ˈsərˌveɪ əv ˈleɪbər ˈmɑrkɪt ɪkˈspɪriəns əv juθ, wɪʧ wɑz kəˈlɛktəd ɪn 1979 ðɪs ˈsæmpəl ˌɪnˈkludɪd ˈoʊvər waɪt, blæk, ənd hɪˈspænɪk tinz. ðə ˈmɑdəl rɪˈvild ðət əˈtɛndəns æt ʧərʧ wɑz ə sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt prɪˈdɪktər əv loʊər priˈmɛrətəl sɛks fər ɔl θri ˈsæmpəlz əv jəŋ ˈwɪmən ənd fər waɪt jəŋ mɛn. ˈpərkɪnz ɛt æl. 1998 dɪˈskəvərd əˈməŋ ə lɑrʤ ˈsæmpəl əv ˌædəˈlɛsənts ˈlɪvɪŋ ɪn ə lɑrʤ mɪdˈwɛstərn steɪt ðət əˈtɛndəns æt ʧərʧ ˈsərvɪsɪz, əˈlɔŋ wɪθ ˌɪnˈvɑlvmənt ɪn ʧərʧ ækˈtɪvɪtiz ənd ˈfilɪŋz əv ðə ˌɪmˈpɔrtəns əv rɪˈlɪʤən, wɑz rɪˈleɪtɪd tɪ læk əv ˈsɛkʃuəl ɪkˈspɪriəns əˈməŋ waɪt, blæk, ənd hɪˈspænɪk ˈtiˌneɪʤərz. ˈpraɪvət rɪˌlɪʤiˈɑsəti, ɛz ˈɪndəˌkeɪtɪd baɪ ˈpərsɪnəl prɛr ənd ˈfilɪŋ ðət rɪˈlɪʤən ɪz ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt, ɪz ˈɔlsoʊ ə sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt prɪˈdɪktər əv loʊər ˌɪˌnɪʃiˈeɪʃən əv ˈsɛkʃuəl ækˈtɪvɪti. ʃˈroʊdər 1997 ˈænəˌlaɪzd ˈdætə frəm ðə tinz ɪn ðə ˈnæʃənəl ˈstədi əv ˌædəˈlɛsənt hɛlθ. hi faʊnd ðət ðoʊz jəŋ mɛn ənd ˈwɪmən hu ˌriˈpɔrtəd ðət ðeɪ preɪd ˈɔfən ənd ðət rɪˈlɪʤən wɑz ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt tɪ ðɛm wər lɛs ˈlaɪkli tɪ ɪnˈgeɪʤ ɪn priˈmɛrətəl ˈsɛkʃuəl bɪˈheɪvjər. ˈsɪmələr rɪˈzəlts ˈlɪŋkɪŋ ˈpraɪvət rɪˌlɪʤiˈɑsəti tɪ dɪˈleɪd ˈsɛkʃuəl bɪˈheɪvjər frəm ðə seɪm ˈdætə sɛt wər ˌriˈpɔrtəd baɪ ˈrɛznɪk ɛt æl. 1997 ðeɪ kəmˈbaɪnd əˌfɪliˈeɪʃən, ˈfrikwənsi əv prɛr, ənd ə rɪˈlɪʤəs ˈɪntu ə ˈvɛriəbəl ðeɪ ˈleɪbəld identity,”*,” ənd ðeɪ faʊnd ðət ɪt wɑz sɪgˈnɪfɪkəntli rɪˈleɪtɪd tɪ ə haɪər eɪʤ əv ˈsɛkʃuəl ˈdeɪbju. ðə ˈnæʃənəl ˈsərˌveɪ əv juθ ənd rɪˈlɪʤən kəˈlɛktəd ˈdætə frəm ə ˈnæʃənəl ˈsæmpəl əv ˈnɪrli juθ ˈeɪʤɪz 13 tɪ 17 (smɪθ ˈdɛntən, 2005 ðeɪ grupt ðə juθ ˈɪntu fɔr grups əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ðɛr rɪˌlɪʤiˈɑsəti: dɪˈvoʊtɪd, ˈrɛgjələr, spərˈædɪk, ənd dɪsɪnˈgeɪʤd. ðə ˈsɛkʃuəl ˈætəˌtudz ənd bɪˈheɪvjərz əv ðiz fɔr grups wər kəmˈpɛrd. ðə rɪˈzəlts rɪˈvild ðət rɪˈlɪʤən hæd ə ˈpaʊərfəl riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪp tɪ priˈmɛrətəl ˌsɛkʃuˈæləti. fər ɪgˈzæmpəl, 95 əv ðə dɪˈvoʊtɪd tinz plæn ɔn ˈseɪvɪŋ sɛks fər ˈmɛrɪʤ ɛz kəmˈpɛrd tɪ ˈoʊnli 24 əv ðə dɪsɪnˈgeɪʤd. əˈməŋ ðə dɪˈvoʊtɪd tinz, 18 hæd pɑrˈtɪsəˌpeɪtɪd ɪn ˈpɛtɪŋ, kəmˈpɛrd tɪ 43 əv ðə spərˈædɪk ənd dɪsɪnˈgeɪʤd tinz. ˈfaɪnəli, ˈoʊnli 9 əv ðə dɪˈvoʊtɪd tinz hæd ɪnˈgeɪʤd ɪn ˈsɛkʃuəl ˈɪnərˌkɔrs ɛz kəmˈpɛrd tɪ 23 əv ðə spərˈædɪk ənd 26 əv ðə dɪsɪnˈgeɪʤd. ðə ˈɔθərz ˈnoʊtɪd ðət ““again*, wi si əˈkrɔs ə vərˈaɪəti əv ˈsɛkʃuəl ˈaʊtˌkəm ˈmɛʒərz ˈnoʊtəsəbəl ˌkɔrəˈleɪʃənz bɪtˈwin ðə dɪˈgri əv tin rɪˈlɪʤəs ˈsɪriəsnəs ənd ˈkɔʃəs tin ˈsɛkʃuəl ˈætəˌtudz ənd behaviors”*” (smɪθ ˈdɛntən, 2005 pi. 235 ˈmɛʒərɪŋ rɪˌlɪʤiˈɑsəti əˈpɛndɪks ə dɪˈskraɪbz ɪn ˈditeɪl ðə ˌmɛθəˈdɑləʤi fər ˈdætə kəˈlɛkʃən ənd ðə kaɪnz əv kˈwɛsʧənz ðət wər ˌɪnˈkludɪd ɪn ðə ɪkˈstɛnsɪv kˌwɛsʧəˈnɛr ðət wɑz juzd ɪn ɑr ˈstədi. ɛz sin ɪn əˈpɛndɪks bi, wi ɪgˈzæmənd faɪv dɪˈmɛnʃənz əv rɪˌlɪʤiˈɑsəti ɪn ðə stəˈtɪstɪkəl ˈmɑdəl prɪˈdɪktɪŋ priˈmɛrətəl ˈsɛkʃuəl bɪˈheɪvjər. ðeɪ ər 1 rɪˈlɪʤəs bɪˈlifs, 2 ˈpəblɪk rɪˌlɪʤiˈɑsəti (ʧərʧ əˈtɛndəns), 3 ˌɪmˈpɔrtəns əv rɪˈlɪʤən, 4 ˈfæməli rɪˈlɪʤəs ækˈtɪvɪtiz (ˈfæməli prɛr, hoʊm ˈivnɪŋ, ənd ˈskrɪpʧər ˈrɛdɪŋ), ənd 5 əkˈsɛptəns ɪn ðɛr wɔrd baɪ ˈlidərz ənd wɔrd ˈmɛmbərz. ðə ˈɪnfluəns əv ˈfæməli ˈfæməli ˈstrəkʧər həz ˈfrikwɛntli bɪn lɪŋkt tɪ ˈərli ˈsɛkʃuəl bɪˈheɪvjər əv ˈtiˌneɪʤərz. moʊst əv ðə ˈstədiz hæv ˈfoʊkɪst ɔn ˈfæməliz. ðə ˈɑrgjəmənt ɪz ðət ə ˈsɪŋgəl ˈpɛrənt həz lɛs taɪm ənd ˈɛnərʤi ðən tu ˈpɛrənts tɪ dɪˈvoʊt tɪ ˈmɑnətərɪŋ teens’*’ bɪˈheɪvjər. ˈkɑnsəkˌwɛntli, tinz ˈlɪvɪŋ ɪn ˈfæməliz hæv mɔr ˌɑpərˈtunətiz fər ˈsɛkʃuəl ˌɛksplərˈeɪʃən. ə ˈsɛkənd ˈɑrgjəmənt ɪz ðət ðə ˈsɪŋgəl ˈpɛrənt meɪ bi ˌɪnˈvɑlvd ɪn ə ˈdeɪtɪŋ riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪp ənd ðəs meɪ bi ə roʊl ˈmɑdəl əv pərˈmɪsɪv ˈsɛkʃuəl ˈætəˌtudz ənd bɪˈheɪvjər. ˈmɪlər ənd mʊr 1990 ɪn ðɛr ˌrivˈju əv ðə ˈrisərʧ frəm ðə 1980s*, kənˈkludɪd ðət ɪn ˈfæməliz ər mɔr ˈlaɪkli tɪ bɪˈgɪn ˈsɛkʃuəl ˈɪnərˌkɔrs æt ˈjəŋgər ˈeɪʤɪz ðən ðɛr pɪrz frəm families”*” (pi. 1028 əˈdɪʃənəl səˈpɔrt fər ˈfæməli ˈstrəkʧər ɛz ən ˈɪnfluəns ɔn ˈsɛkʃuəl ækˈtɪvɪti həz bɪn faʊnd ɪn ə lɑrʤ ˈnəmbər əv ˈstədiz, səʧ ɛz heɪz 1987 ˈnuˌkəmər ənd 1984 ənd ˈhitən 1988 ˈmɪlər ənd ˈbɪŋgəm 1989 ˌfluˈɛlɪŋ ənd ˈbaʊmən 1990 deɪ 1992 ˈfɛldmən ənd braʊn 1993 smɔl ənd ˈləstər 1994 ənd ˈəˌpʧərʧ ɛt æl. 1999 rɪˈleɪtɪd ˈrisərʧ həz ˈɔlsoʊ rɪˈvild ðət juθ ˈlɪvɪŋ wɪθ ɪgˈzɪbɪt ˈgreɪtər priˈmɛrətəl ˈsɛkʃuəl bɪˈheɪvjər ðən ˈʧɪldrən ɪn ˈfæməliz, bət lɛs ðən juθ ɪn ˈfæməliz (ˈrɑʤərz, 1983 ˈθɔrntən ˈkæmˌbərn, 1987 ˈmɪlər ˈbɪŋgəm, 1989 ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪŋli, kɑˈpɑldi, ˈkrɔzbi, ənd 1996 ɪgˈzæmənd transitions”*” ˈrəðər ðən ˈsɪŋgəl ˈvərsəz ˈfæməliz. ə ˈtiˌneɪʤər ˈlɪvɪŋ wɪθ ə ˈsɪŋgəl ˈpɛrənt bɪˈkəz əv ə dɪˈvɔrs wɑz skɔrd transition,”*,” waɪl ˈlɪvɪŋ wɪθ ə ˈfɑloʊɪŋ dɪˈvɔrs wɑz skɔrd ɛz transitions.”*.” haɪər trænˈzɪʃən skɔrz wər əˈsaɪnd tɪ tinz huz ˈpɛrənts hæd ɪkˈspɪriənst ˈməltəpəl dɪˈvɔrsɪz ənd remarriages*. ðeɪ faʊnd ðət ðə ˈgreɪtər ðə ˈnəmbər əv trænˈzɪʃənz, ðə mɔr ˈfrikˌwɛnt ðə priˈmɛrətəl ˈsɛkʃuəl ækˈtɪvɪti əv ðə ˈtiˌneɪʤərz. ˈlɪmɪtɪd səˈpɔrt həz lɪŋkt məˈtərnəl ɪmˈplɔɪmənt tɪ ˈərli ˈsɛkʃuəl ækˈtɪvɪti əˈməŋ ˈtiˌneɪʤərz. ku, sonenstein*, ənd 1993 faʊnd əˈməŋ jəŋ mɛn ɪn ðə ˈnæʃənəl ˈsərˌveɪ əv ˌædəˈlɛsənt meɪlz ðət ðoʊz wɪˈθaʊt ə ˈməðər ˈprɛzənt ɪn ðə hoʊm ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə deɪ hæd ɪkˈspɪriənst ˈsɛkʃuəl ˈɪnərˌkɔrs æt ən ˈərliər eɪʤ ðən ðoʊz wɪθ ə ˈməðər. ˈbrustər, ˈbɪli, ənd ˈgreɪdi 1993 1994 ˌriˈpɔrtəd ðət ˌædəˈlɛsənt ˈsɛkʃuəl ækˈtɪvɪti wɑz haɪər ɪn ˈneɪbərˌhʊdz wɛr ə ˈrɛlətɪvli haɪ pərˈsɛnɪʤ əv ˈwɪmən wərkt fʊl taɪm. ðeɪ kənˈkludɪd ðət ˌædəˈlɛsənts læk ˈædəkˌweɪt ˈædəlt ˌsupərˈvɪʒən ɪn səʧ ˈneɪbərˌhʊdz ənd ðəs ər friər tɪ ɪnˈgeɪʤ ɪn ˈsɛkʃuəl ækˈtɪvɪti. ɔn ðə ˈəðər hænd, ˈθɔrntən ənd ˈkæmˌbərn 1987 faʊnd ðət ˈniðər pɑrt- nɔr ˈfʊlˌtaɪm ɪmˈplɔɪmənt əv ˈməðərz wɑz rɪˈleɪtɪd tɪ priˈmɛrətəl ˈsɛkʃuəl bɪˈheɪvjər. ˌɔlˈðoʊ ˈpriviəs rɪˈzəlts hæv bɪn ˌɪnkənˈsɪstənt, wi ˌɪnˈklud məˈtərnəl ɪmˈplɔɪmənt ɪn ɑr ˈmɑdəl. θri riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪps hæv bɪn lɪŋkt tɪ ˈərli ˌsɛkʃuˈæləti əˈməŋ ˌædəˈlɛsənts. ðə fərst ɪz ðə ˈfilɪŋ əv ˈkloʊsnɪs ər kəˈnɛkʃən bɪtˈwin ˈpɛrənts ənd ðɛr ˈtiˌneɪʤ ˈʧɪldrən. ðə ˈsɛkənd ɪz dɪˈgri tɪ wɪʧ ˈpɛrənts sɛt rulz əv ˈkɑndəkt fər tinz, ˈmɑnətər ðɛr kəmˈplaɪəns, ənd ˈdɪsəplən ˌdɪsəˈbidiəns. ðə θərd ˈprɔˌsɛs ɪz ðə juz əv ˌsaɪkəˈlɑʤɪkəl kənˈtroʊl ˈoʊvər ˌædəˈlɛsənts ˈrəðər ðən ɪnˈkərəʤɪŋ ðɛm tɪ dɪˈvɛləp ðɛr oʊn ˌsaɪkəˈlɑʤɪkəl əˈtɑnəmi. ˈwaɪnˌstin ənd ˈθɔrntən 1989 ˌriˈpɔrtəd ðət ˈʧɪldrən hu hæd ə kloʊz riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪp (kəˈnɛkʃən) wɪθ ðɛr ˈpɛrənts əˈdɑptəd ˈætəˌtudz ˈsɪmələr tɪ ðɛr parents’*’ ənd ðəs ɪnˈgeɪʤd ɪn ˈsɛkʃuəl bɪˈheɪvjər lɛs ˈfrikwɛntli ðən ˈʧɪldrən hu dɪd nɑt hæv ə kloʊz riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪp wɪθ ðɛr ˈpɛrənts. ˈrɛznɪk ɛt æl. 1997 ˈænəˌlaɪzd ðə ˈnæʃənəl ˌlɑnʤəˈtudənəl ˈstədi əv ˌædəˈlɛsənt hɛlθ, wɪʧ ˌɪnˈkludɪd ˈdætə frəm ˈoʊvər juθ ɪn ðə ˈsɛvənθ θru naɪnθ greɪdz. ðeɪ ˌriˈpɔrtəd ðət ˈfæməli kəˈnɛkʃən wɑz prəˈtɛktɪv əˈgɛnst ˈərli ˈsɛkʃuəl bɪˈheɪvjər. ˈwɪtˌbɛk, ˈkɔŋər, ənd keɪoʊ 1993 faʊnd baɪ ˈjuzɪŋ ˈpænəl ˈdætə ðət pərˈɛntəl səˈpɔrt (kəˈnɛkʃən) wɑz ˌɪndərˈɛkˌtli rɪˈleɪtɪd tɪ ˈleɪtər ˈsɛkʃuəl ækˈtɪvɪti θru ə affect.”*.” ə streɪnd riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪp bɪtˈwin ˈpɛrənts ənd tinz wɑz lɪŋkt tɪ dɪˈprɛʃən, wɪʧ ɪn tərn ˈɪnfluənst ðə teens’*’ ˈsɛkʃuəl ækˈtɪvɪti ənd ðɛr ˈlaɪkliˌhʊd tɪ hæv ˈsɛkʃuəli ˈæktɪv frɛndz. ˈfɛldmən ənd braʊn 1993 ˈɔlsoʊ ˈænəˌlaɪzd ˈpænəl ˈdætə tɪ tɛst ˈwɛðər wɑz ə ˈmidiˌeɪtɪŋ ˈvɛriəbəl bɪtˈwin ˈfæməli ˈkloʊsnɪs (kəˈnɛkʃən) ənd loʊər ˈsɛkʃuəl ækˈtɪvɪti. ðeɪ faʊnd ðət kəˈnɛkʃən wɑz boʊθ dɪˈrɛkli lɪŋkt tɪ loʊər ˈsɛkʃuəl bɪˈheɪvjər ənd ˌɪndərˈɛkˌtli θru. ɪn ðə ˈlætər, ˈdɪstəns bɪtˈwin ˈpɛrənts ənd tin lɛd tɪ læk əv, wɪʧ ɪn tərn lɛd tɪ ˈsɛkʃuəl ˌɪˌnɪʃiˈeɪʃən. ˈfæməli ˌrɛgjəˈleɪʃən ˌɪnˈkludz ˈsɛtɪŋ ˈfæməli rulz, ˈmɑnətərɪŋ teens’*’ kəmˈplaɪəns tɪ ðɛm, ənd ˈdɪsəplənɪŋ wɪn əˈproʊpriˌeɪt, ənd həz bɪn faʊnd tɪ bi əˈsoʊʃiˌeɪtəd wɪθ loʊər ˌædəˈlɛsənt ˈsɛkʃuəl ækˈtɪvɪti. mʊr, ˈpitərsən, ənd ˈfərstənbərg 1986 ˈænəˌlaɪzd ðə ˈnæʃənəl ˈsərˌveɪ əv ˈʧɪldrən, wɪʧ wɑz kəˈlɛktəd ɪn 1976 ðeɪ dɪˈskəvərd ðət ˌædəˈlɛsənts huz ˈpɛrənts nu ðɛr ˈtiˌneɪʤ frɛndz hæd ə loʊər reɪt əv ˈsɛkʃuəl bɪˈheɪvjər. wu ənd ˈmɑrtɪn 1993 ˈnoʊtɪd əˈməŋ jəŋ mɛn ˈstədid ɪn ðə ˈnæʃənəl ˈsərˌveɪ əv ˌædəˈlɛsənt meɪlz ðət strɪkt ˈfæməli rulz wər rɪˈleɪtɪd tɪ dɪˈleɪd ˈsɛkʃuəl ækˈtɪvɪti. ɛt æl. 1994 faʊnd ðət ˈfæməli rulz ˈgəvərnɪŋ ˈdeɪtɪŋ wər əˈsoʊʃiˌeɪtəd wɪθ loʊər ˈsɛkʃuəl bɪˈheɪvjər. ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪŋli, smɔl ənd kərnz 1993 dɪˈskəvərd ðət juθ huz ˈpɛrənts feɪld tɪ ˈmɑnətər ðɛr bɪˈheɪvjər wər mɔr ˈɔfən rɪˈsɪpiənts əv ənˈwɔntɪd ˈsɛkʃuəl əˈtɛnʃən. ˈstədiz baɪ smɔl ənd ˈləstər 1994 ənd ˈmɪlər, ˈfɔˌrhænd, ənd 1999 ˌriˈpɔrtəd ðət pərˈɛntəl ˈmɑnətərɪŋ əv adolescents’*’ ækˈtɪvɪtiz wɑz rɪˈleɪtɪd tɪ loʊər ˈsɛkʃuəl ækˈtɪvɪti. ˈhɛrɪs ɛt æl. 2006 ˈstədid ðə riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪp bɪtˈwin ˈæˌsɛts, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ˈpɑzətɪv roʊl ˈmɑdəlz, ˈfæməli kəmˌjunəˈkeɪʃən, skul kəˈnɛkʃən, kənˈstrəktɪv juz əv taɪm, ənd ˌæspərˈeɪʃənz fər ðə fˈjuʧər tɪ ˈsɛkʃuəl ɪkˈspɪriəns. ðeɪ ˈɪntərvˌjud ˈoʊvər pɛrz ɪn tu mɪdˈwɛstərn ˈsɪtiz. ðeɪ dɪˈskəvərd ðət juθ wɪθ pərˈɛntəl ˌsupərˈvɪʒən wər lɛs ˈlaɪkli tɪ hæv ɪnˈgeɪʤd ɪn ˈsɛkʃuəl bɪˈheɪvjər. ɪn əˈdɪʃən, ə ˈsɛkʃuəl ɪkˈspɪriəns wɑz sɪgˈnɪfɪkəntli rɪˈdust baɪ ˈækˌsɛs tɪ ðiz ˈæˌsɛts, əˈspɛʃəli ˌsupərˈvɪʒən baɪ ˈædəlts. ˈoʊvərˌɔl, ðə ˈɛvədəns səˈʤɛsts ˈrəðər ˈstrɔŋli ðət pərˈɛntəl ˌrɛgjəˈleɪʃən əv teens’*’ bɪˈheɪvjər ɪz ən ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt dɪˈtərrənt tɪ ˈərli ˈsɛkʃuəl ˌɪˌnɪʃiˈeɪʃən. ə groʊɪŋ ˈlɪtərəʧər ˈɛmfəˌsaɪzɪz ðə ˌɪmˈpɔrtəns əv ˌædəˈlɛsənts dɪˈvɛləpɪŋ ˌsaɪkəˈlɑʤɪkəl əˈtɑnəmi frəm ðɛr ˈpɛrənts ɪn ðə ˈprɔˌsɛs əv bɪˈkəmɪŋ ˈkɑmpətɪnt ˈædəlts (ˈbɑrbər, ˈoʊlsən, shagle*, 1994 əˈtɑnəmi ˈfɑstərz teens’*’ ˈkɑnfədɛns ɪn ðɛr oʊn aɪˈdiəz, ˈfilɪŋz, ənd pərˈsɛpʃənz. ðɪs ɪn tərn ɪˈneɪbəlz ðɛm tɪ meɪk mɔr ˈræʃənəl dɪˈsɪʒənz əˈbaʊt ðɛr ˌsɛkʃuˈæləti. smɔl ənd kərnz 1993 faʊnd ðət ˌsaɪkəˈlɑʤɪkəl (læk əv əˈtɑnəmi) baɪ ˈpɛrənts wɑz əˈsoʊʃiˌeɪtəd wɪθ ˈgreɪtər ənˈwɔntɪd ˈsɛkʃuəl ˈkɑnˌtækt. ˈəˌpʧərʧ, aneshensel*, sucoff*, ənd 1999 ˈɔlsoʊ faʊnd ðət juθ hu ɪkˈspɪriənst ɪkˈsɛsɪv ˌsaɪkəˈlɑʤɪkəl kənˈtroʊl frəm ðɛr ˈpɛrənts wər æt ˈgreɪtər rɪsk əv ˈsɛkʃuəl ækˈtɪvɪti. ˈmɛʒərɪŋ ˈfæməli ˈfæktərz beɪst ɔn ðɪs ˈlɪtərəʧər, wi ˌɪnˈkludɪd ˈfæməli ˈstrəkʧər, məˈtərnəl ɪmˈplɔɪmənt, pərˈɛntəl kəˈnɛkʃən, pərˈɛntəl ˌrɛgjəˈleɪʃən, ənd pərˈɛntəl ˈgrænɪŋ əv ˌsaɪkəˈlɑʤɪkəl əˈtɑnəmi tɪ ðɛr tinz ɪn ðə ˈmɑdəl prɪˈdɪktɪŋ priˈmɛrətəl ˈsɛkʃuəl bɪˈheɪvjər. ðə ˌθiərˈɛtɪkəl ˈmɑdəl prɪˈdɪktɪŋ priˈmɛrətəl sɛks ðət wɑz ˈtɛstɪd ɪn ɑr ˈstədi ɪz pərˈzɛnəd ɪn ˈfɪgjər 1 ɛz kən bi sin, wi ˌɪnˈkludɪd ˈsɛvərəl ˈmɛʒərz əv friends’*’ ˈɪnfluəns, rɪˌlɪʤiˈɑsəti, ənd ˈfæməli ˈfæktərz ðət kəmˈpitɪd tɪ ɪkˈspleɪn priˈmɛrətəl ˈsɛkʃuəl bɪˈheɪvjər. ˈfæməli ˈfæktərz wər pleɪst ɪn ðə ˈmɑdəl soʊ ɛz tɪ tɛst boʊθ dɪˈrɛkt ənd ˌɪndərˈɛkt ˈifɛkts ɔn ðə teens’*’ ˈsɛkʃuəl ækˈtɪvɪti. ˈmɛni əv ðə ˈstədiz əbˈzərvd ˈdɪfərənt ˈkɔzɪz əv ˈsɛkʃuəl ækˈtɪvɪti əˈməŋ jəŋ ˈwɪmən ɛz kəmˈpɛrd tɪ jəŋ mɛn. fər ɪgˈzæmpəl, ˈrɑʤərz 1999 ˈnoʊtɪd ðət ˈfæməli ˈprɑsɛsəz sim tɪ ˌɪmˈpækt gərlz mɔr ðən bɔɪz. ˈðɛrˌfɔr, wi ˈtɛstɪd ðə ˈmɑdəl fər jəŋ mɛn ənd jəŋ ˈwɪmən ˈsɛpərətli. ðə ˈdætə kəˈlɛkʃən prəˈsiʤərz ənd ðə rɪˈspɑns reɪts fər ðə ˈvɛriəs ˈsæmpəlz ər ˌriˈpɔrtəd ɪn əˈpɛndɪks ə. ɪn əˈdɪʃən tɪ ðə kˌwɛsʧəˈnɛr ðət wɑz kəmˈplitɪd baɪ ˈθaʊzənz əv juθ, wi ˈɪntərvˌjud 50 jəŋ ˈwɪmən ɪn ˈjuˌtɔ ˈkaʊnti hu wər ˈəndər ðə eɪʤ əv 20 ənd hu hæd ˈgɪvɪn bərθ tɪ ə ˈbeɪbi aʊt əv ˈwɛˌdlɑk. ðɪs sɔrs əv ˈdætə prəˈvaɪdz ə juˈnik ənd ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪŋ pərˈspɛktɪv. ˈrisərʧərz ər ˈvɛri kənˈsərnd əˈbaʊt ðə vəˈlɪdɪti, ər ˈtruθfəlnəs, əv ˈænsərz frəm tinz ɪn ə kˌwɛsʧəˈnɛr əˈbaʊt ðɛr ˈsɛkʃuəl ɪkˈspɪriənsɪz. ðə bərθ əv ə ʧaɪld praɪər tɪ ˈmɛrɪʤ wɑz ˈædəkˌweɪt ˈɛvədəns ðət ðiz jəŋ ˈwɪmən wər ˈsɛkʃuəli ɪkˈspɪriənst ˌbiˈfɔr ðeɪ ˈmɛrid. ðiz ˈɪntərvˌjuz prəˈvaɪd ˈvæljəbəl ˈɪnˌsaɪts ˈɪntu ðə ˈsɛkʃuəl ˌɪˌnɪʃiˈeɪʃən əv jəŋ ˈwɪmən. ˈmɛʒərɪŋ priˈmɛrətəl ˈsɛkʃuəl bɪˈheɪvjərz priˈmɛrətəl ˈsɛkʃuəl ækˈtɪvɪti wɑz ˈmɛʒərd baɪ ˈæskɪŋ ðə ˈstudənts ɪf ðeɪ hæd ˈɛvər rɛd ˌpɔrnəˈgræfɪk məˈtɪriəlz, wɔʧt ˌpɔrnəˈgræfɪk ˈmuviz ər ˈvɪdioʊz, pɑrˈtɪsəˌpeɪtɪd ɪn ˈhɛvi ˈpɛtɪŋ, ər ɪnˈgeɪʤd ɪn ˈsɛkʃuəl ˈɪnərˌkɔrs. ðoʊz hu ˈɪndəˌkeɪtɪd jɛs tɪ ˈɛni əv ðiz ækˈtɪvɪtiz wər æst haʊ ˈɔfən ðeɪ hæd ˈɛvər dən soʊ. sɪns juθ hæv ˈrəðər loʊ reɪts əv ðiz ˈsɛkʃuəl bɪˈheɪvjərz, ɪt wɑz ˈnɛsəˌsɛri tɪ æsk ɪf ðeɪ hæd ˈɛvər ɪnˈgeɪʤd ɪn ðə ækˈtɪvɪtiz ˈrəðər ðən ɪf ðeɪ hæd dən soʊ ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə ˈpriviəs jɪr. æt ðə taɪm wi wər ˈstədiɪŋ ðiz juθ, ˈɪntərˌnɛt pɔrˈnɑgrəfi hæd jɛt tɪ əˈpɪr, ənd pɔrˈnɑgrəfi wɑz praɪˈmɛrəli kənˈfaɪnd tɪ bʊks, ˈmægəˌzinz, ˈmuviz, ənd ˈvɪdioʊz. ðəs wi dɪd nɑt ˌɪnˈklud ə kˈwɛʃən əˈbaʊt ɪkˈspoʊʒər tɪ ðɪs pərˈveɪsɪv sɔrs əv pɔrˈnɑgrəfi. sɪns pɔrˈnɑgrəfi wɑz nɑt ˌɪnˈkludɪd ɛz pɑrt əv ðə ˈmɛʒər əv ˈsɛkʃuəl bɪˈheɪvjər, ənd sɪns ɪt ɪz səʧ ə ˈvɪzəbəl fɔrs ɪn soʊˈsaɪɪti, wi ˌɪnˈkludɪd ɪt ɪn ðə ˈmɑdəl ɛz ən ˌɪndɪˈpɛndənt ˈvɛriəbəl prɪˈdɪktɪŋ ˈsɛkʃuəl bɪˈheɪvjər. ðə ˈfæktər æˈnælɪsɪs ˈɔlsoʊ rɪˈvild ə ˈprɑbləm wɪθ teens’*’ riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪps wɪθ ðɛr ˈməðərz ənd ˈfɑðərz. ðə teens’*’ rɪˈpɔrts əv ðɛr kəˈnɛkʃən wɪθ ˈpɛrənts, ðə ˌrɛgjəˈleɪʃən əv ˈpɛrənts, ənd ˈpɛrənts ˈgrænɪŋ əv ˌsaɪkəˈlɑʤɪkəl əˈtɑnəmi wər ˈɔlˌmoʊst aɪˈdɛntɪkəl. wɪn boʊθ parents’*’ ˈdætə wər ˌɪnˈkludɪd, ðə ˈmɑdəl wʊd nɑt ˈspɛsəˌfaɪ ər ˈkælkjəˌleɪt. tɪ ɪˈlɪməˌneɪt ðɪs ˈprɑbləm, wi juzd ˈoʊnli ðə mothers’*’ kəˈnɛkʃən, ˌrɛgjəˈleɪʃən, ənd ˈgrænɪŋ əv əˈtɑnəmi ɪn ðə ˈmɑdəl prɪˈdɪktɪŋ priˈmɛrətəl sɛks. ˈfrikwənsi əv priˈmɛrətəl sɛks ðə pərˈsɛnt əv haɪ skul ˈstudənts hu hæv ˈɛvər hæd ˈsɛkʃuəl ˈɪnərˌkɔrs ɪz kəmˈpɛrd tɪ ðə pərˈsɛnt əv haɪ skul ˈstudənts ɪgˈzæmənd ɪn ə ˈvɛri lɑrʤ ˈnæʃənəl ˈstədi ɪn ˈteɪbəl 1 ðə ˈɪnfluəns əv əˌfɪliˈeɪʃən ɪn ðə ʧərʧ, wɪθ ɪts juˈnik ˈmɔrəl ˈvæljuz, ɪz ˈrɛdəli əˈpɛrənt ɪn ðə səbˈstænʃəli loʊər reɪts əv priˈmɛrətəl ˈsɛkʃuəl bɪˈheɪvjər fər boʊθ jəŋ mɛn ənd jəŋ ˈwɪmən. ðə ˈnæʃənəl reɪt fər jəŋ mɛn ɪn 1995 wɪʧ ɪz moʊst ˈkɑmprəbəl tɪ ðə juθ, ɪz sɪks taɪmz ˈlɑrʤər ðən ðə reɪt fər jəŋ mɛn. ðə gæp ɪz nɑt ɛz lɑrʤ fər jəŋ ˈwɪmən, bət ðə reɪt ɪz stɪl fɔr taɪmz loʊər ðən ðət əˈməŋ ðə jəŋ ˈwɪmən ɪn ðə ˈnæʃənəl ˈsæmpəl. ɪt ʃʊd bi ˈnoʊtɪd ðət ðə ˈnæʃənəl ˈsæmpəl ˌɪnˈkludz səm 19-year-olds*, wɪʧ ˈprɑbəˌbli ˌɪnˈfleɪts ɪts reɪt ə ˈlɪtəl. ˌnɛvərðəˈlɛs, ðə ˈdɪfərənsɪz ər əˈmeɪzɪŋ. ðə ˈsinjərz ənd ðə ɪn ðə ˈnæʃənəl ˈsæmpəl ər ə ˈvɛri drəˈmætɪk ˈkɑntræst. ðə pərˈsɛnɪʤɪz ər ˈgreɪtli ˈvərsəz 58 fər bɔɪz ənd 19 ˈvərsəz 59 fər jəŋ ˈwɪmən. ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪŋli, 2002 ɪz ðə fərst jɪr ðət ə haɪər pərˈsɛnɪʤ əv jəŋ ˈwɪmən ðən jəŋ mɛn ər ʃoʊn tɪ bi ˈsɛkʃuəli ɪkˈspɪriənst ɪn ə ˈsaɪzəbəl ˈnæʃənəl ˈsæmpəl. ðə ˈgreɪtər ˈsɛkʃuəl ɪkˈspɪriəns əv ˈwɪmən ɛz kəmˈpɛrd tɪ mɛn əˈpɪrd əˈməŋ ðə ˈstudənts məʧ ˈərliər. æt ðə taɪm əv ɑr ˈstədi, wi ˈspɛkjəˌleɪtɪd ðət səm jəŋ ˈwɪmən wər ˈfrikwɛntli ˈdeɪtɪŋ ˈoʊldər nɑnˈmɛmbər mɛn hu wər ˈsɛkʃuəli ɪkˈspɪriənst. ðəs, jəŋ ˈwɪmən wər æt ˈgreɪtər rɪsk əv biɪŋ əˈlʊrd ˈɪntu ˈsɛkʃuəl bɪˈheɪvjər ðən jəŋ mɛn. waɪl ðɪs ɪz ən ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪŋ trɛnd, ðə ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt pɔɪnt meɪd ɪn ðə ˈteɪbəl ɪz ðə ˈpaʊərfəl ˈɪnfluəns əv rɪˈlɪʤəs əˌfɪliˈeɪʃən ɪn rɪˈdusɪŋ ˈtiˌneɪʤ ˈsɛkʃuəl ækˈtɪvɪti. ðə ˈfrikwənsiz əv spɪˈsɪfɪk ˈsɛkʃuəl ˈpɛtɪŋ, ənd pərˈzɛnəd ɪn ˈteɪbəl 2 əˈbaʊt 20 əv ðə haɪ skul ˈstudənts hæv pɑrˈtɪsəˌpeɪtɪd ɪn ˈhɛvi ˈpɛtɪŋ bət hæv nɑt hæd ˈɪnərˌkɔrs. ˈoʊnli 8 əv ðə bɔɪz ənd 10 əv ðə gərlz hæd pɑrˈtɪsəˌpeɪtɪd ɪn ˈsɛkʃuəl ˈɪnərˌkɔrs. ɪn ɔl ˈkeɪsɪz, ðoʊz hu hæd ɪkˈspɪriənst ˈɪnərˌkɔrs hæd fərst ɪnˈgeɪʤd ɪn ˈpɛtɪŋ. ˌkɔrəˈleɪʃənz wɪθ priˈmɛrətəl sɛks ə ˌkɔrəˈleɪʃən ˈmɛʒərz ðə riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪp bɪtˈwin wən ˈvɛriəbəl, səʧ ɛz pɪr ˈprɛʃər, ənd priˈmɛrətəl sɛks, waɪl ˈhoʊldɪŋ ɔl ðə ˈəðər ˈvɛriəbəlz ˈkɑnstənt. ðə ˌkɔrəˈleɪʃənz bɪtˈwin ðə ˈvɛriəs ˈpərsɪnəl, pɪr, rɪˈlɪʤəs, ənd ˈfæməli ˈfæktərz wɪθ priˈmɛrətəl sɛks ər pərˈzɛnəd ɪn ˈteɪbəl 3 nɑt səˈpraɪzɪŋli, ˈprɛʃər frəm frɛndz tɪ ɪnˈgeɪʤ ɪn sɛks prəˈdust ðə ˈstrɔŋgəst ˌkɔrəˈleɪʃən wɪθ sɛks fər boʊθ jəŋ mɛn ənd jəŋ ˈwɪmən. ˈhævɪŋ frɛndz hu ər ˈsɛkʃuəli ˈæktɪv ˈɔlsoʊ ˈstrɔŋli ˈkɔrəˌleɪtəd wɪθ ˈsɛkʃuəl ækˈtɪvɪti. fər ðə jəŋ ˈwɪmən, biɪŋ fɔrst tɪ hæv sɛks wɑz ˈstrɔŋli rɪˈleɪtɪd tɪ priˈmɛrətəl sɛks. nɑt səˈpraɪzɪŋli, əˈməŋ jəŋ mɛn, ˈsɛkʃuəl koʊəˈrʃən wɑz ə ˈrɛlətɪvli ənɪmˈpɔrtənt ˈfæktər. ðə prəˈpɔrʃən əv frɛndz hu wər wɑz ˈoʊnli ˈwikli rɪˈleɪtɪd tɪ priˈmɛrətəl sɛks. ðɪs riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪp wɑz ɪkˈspɛktɪd tɪ bi ˈstrɔŋgər, bɪˈkəz ɪt ɪz əˈsumd ðət frɛndz du nɑt ˈprɛʃər ðə juθ ɛz ˈɔfən tɪ hæv sɛks ɛz frɛndz du. ðɪs ˈfaɪndɪŋ səˈʤɛsts ðət ɪt ɪz nɑt ðə rɪˈlɪʤəs əˌfɪliˈeɪʃən əv frɛndz ðət ɪz ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt; ˈrəðər ɪt ɪz ðə ˈmɔrəl ˈvæljuz əv frɛndz. boʊθ pɑrˌtɪsəˈpeɪʃən ɪn laɪt ˈdiviəns ənd ɪkˈspoʊʒər tɪ pɔrˈnɑgrəfi wər ˈstrɔŋli rɪˈleɪtɪd tɪ priˈmɛrətəl sɛks. ðoʊz juθ hu wər sˈmoʊkɪŋ, ˈdrɪŋkɪŋ, ənd ˈskɪpɪŋ skul ˈprɑbəˌbli hæd əˈdɑptəd ə ““hedonistic”*” ər ˈlaɪfˌstaɪl ðət ˌɪnˈkludɪd ˈsɛkʃuəl ækˈtɪvɪti. ɪn əˈdɪʃən, ðeɪ simd tɪ bi ɪn rɪˈbɛljən əˈgɛnst ˈpɛrənts, skul əˈfɪʃəlz, ənd ʧərʧ ˈlidərz. ɛz fər pɔrˈnɑgrəfi, ɪt ɪz səˈspɛktɪd ðət ɪt ˈhaɪtənz ˈsɛkʃuəl ərˈaʊzəl ənd ðəs ɛnˈhænsɪz ˌmoʊtəˈveɪʃən fər sɛks. ɔl ðə dɪˈmɛnʃənz əv rɪˌlɪʤiˈɑsəti ɪkˈsɛpt əkˈsɛptəns ɪn ðɛr ˌkɑŋgrəˈgeɪʃən wər ˌɪnˈvərsli rɪˈleɪtɪd tɪ priˈmɛrətəl sɛks. ðə ˌkɔrəˈleɪʃənz ɔl hæv ə ˈmaɪnəs saɪn, wɪʧ minz ðət ðə haɪər ðə rɪˌlɪʤiˈɑsəti, ðə loʊər ðə ˌprɑbəˈbɪləˌti əv ɪnˈgeɪʤɪŋ ɪn sɛks. ðə ˌkɔrəˈleɪʃən bɪtˈwin ðə ˌɪmˈpɔrtəns əv rɪˈlɪʤən ənd ˈsɛkʃuəl ækˈtɪvɪti ɪz strɔŋ fər boʊθ jəŋ mɛn ənd jəŋ ˈwɪmən. ˈpəblɪk rɪˌlɪʤiˈɑsəti (əˈtɛndəns) ɪz ˈɔlsoʊ ˈstrɔŋli rɪˈleɪtɪd tɪ səʧ bɪˈheɪvjər. ˈfæməli rɪˈlɪʤəs ækˈtɪvɪti həz ə ˈmɑdəst riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪp tɪ ðə ˈsɛkʃuəl ækˈtɪvɪti əv ˈtiˌneɪʤərz. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ˈfæməli ˈstrəkʧər ɪz sɪgˈnɪfɪkəntli rɪˈleɪtɪd tɪ ˈsɛkʃuəl bɪˈheɪvjər, ɛz juθ ˈlɪvɪŋ ɪn ˈfæməliz wər mɔr ˈsɛkʃuəli ɪkˈspɪriənst. ə ˈsɪmələr ˈmɑdəst riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪp wɑz əbˈzərvd bɪtˈwin ə ɪmˈplɔɪmənt ənd ˈsɛkʃuəl ækˈtɪvɪti. ˈfæməli ˈstrəkʧər ənd məˈtərnəl ɪmˈplɔɪmənt prəˈdust wik bət sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪps wɪθ ˌɪˌnɪʃiˈeɪʃən əv sɛks fər boʊθ jəŋ mɛn ənd jəŋ ˈwɪmən. əˈməŋ ðə riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪps, mothers’*’ ˌrɛgjəˈleɪʃən hæd ðə ˈstrɔŋgəst riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪp tɪ priˈmɛrətəl sɛks. ðə ˌkɔrəˈleɪʃənz fər boʊθ jəŋ ˈwɪmən ənd jəŋ mɛn wər ðə seɪm. ðoʊz ˈpɛrənts hu sɛt rulz, əbˈzərvd kəmˈplaɪəns, ənd ˈdɪsəplənd wɪn əˈproʊpriˌeɪt hæd ˈʧɪldrən hu ɪnˈgeɪʤd ɪn sɛks lɛs ˈɔfən ɛz kəmˈpɛrd tɪ ˈʧɪldrən reɪzd ɪn ˈfæməliz wɪθ ˈlɪmɪtɪd ˌrɛgjəˈleɪʃən. parents’*’ ˈgrænɪŋ ˌsaɪkəˈlɑʤɪkəl əˈtɑnəmi wɑz nɑt rɪˈleɪtɪd tɪ priˈmɛrətəl ˈsɛkʃuəl bɪˈheɪvjər. ðɪs ˈfaɪndɪŋ wɑz ˈsəmˈwət ænˈtɪsəˌpeɪtɪd, ɛz ˈərli ˈstədiz hæd ˌriˈpɔrtəd ðət læk əv əˈtɑnəmi ɪz mɔr ˈɔfən rɪˈleɪtɪd tɪ ˌɪnˈtərnəl steɪts əv maɪnd, səʧ ɛz dɪˈprɛʃən ənd θɔts əv ˈsuɪˌsaɪd ɛz kənˈtræstəd tɪ bɪˈheɪvjər (ˈbɑrbər ɛt æl., 1994 ˈmɑdəl prɪˈdɪktɪŋ priˈmɛrətəl ˈsɛkʃuəl bɪˈheɪvjərz ðə ˈstrəkʧərəl ˈmɑdəl ˈɪndɪˌkeɪts ðə strɛŋθ əv ðə riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪps bɪtˈwin ðə prɪˈdɪktər ˈvɛriəbəlz ənd priˈmɛrətəl ˈsɛkʃuəl bɪˈheɪvjər. ðə rɪˈzəlts fər ðə jəŋ mɛn ər pərˈzɛnəd ɪn ˈfɪgjər 2 wən ˈɪndəˌkeɪtər frəm iʧ əv ðə fɔr doʊˈmeɪnz əv pɪr ˈɪnˌfluənsɪz, ˈpərsɪnəl ˌkɛrɪktərˈɪstɪks, rɪˌlɪʤiˈɑsəti, ənd ˈfæməli ˈimərʤd ɛz sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt prɪˈdɪktərz ɪn ðə trɪmd ˈmɑdəl. ɛz ænˈtɪsəˌpeɪtɪd, pɪr ˈprɛʃər fər bɔɪz tɪ ɪnˈgeɪʤ ɪn priˈmɛrətəl sɛks wɑz baɪ fɑr ðə ˈstrɔŋgəst prɪˈdɪktər əv səʧ bɪˈheɪvjər. ənˈfɔrʧənətli, wi du nɑt noʊ haʊ məʧ əv ðə pɪr ˈprɛʃər tɪ hæv sɛks keɪm frəm ˈəðər jəŋ mɛn ənd haʊ məʧ keɪm frəm jəŋ ˈwɪmən. ɪt ɪz səˈspɛktɪd ðət moʊst əv ðə ˈprɛʃər keɪm frəm meɪl frɛndz, bət ɪt ɪz ˈlaɪkli ðət səm ˈprɛʃər keɪm frəm ðə gərlz wɪθ hum ðə bɔɪz əˈsoʊʃiˌeɪtəd ənd pərˈhæps ˈdeɪtɪd. ˈpəblɪk rɪˈlɪʤəs bɪˈheɪvjər həz ə sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt ˌɪnˈvərs riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪp tɪ priˈmɛrətəl sɛks. ðəs, ðə mɔr ˈɔfən jəŋ mɛn əˈtɛndəd ʧərʧ ənd pɑrˈtɪsəˌpeɪtɪd ɪn rɪˈlɪʤəs ækˈtɪvɪtiz, ðə lɛs ˈlaɪkli ðeɪ hæd ˌɪˈnɪʃiˌeɪtɪd sɛks. ɪn ðə ˈərliər ˈʧæptər ɔn dɪˈlɪŋkwənsi, ðə ˌɪmˈpɔrtəns əv rɪˈlɪʤən ɪn ə ˈpraɪvət laɪf meɪd ə ˈstrɔŋgər ˌkɑntrəˈbjuʃən ðən dɪd ʧərʧ əˈtɛndəns. pərˈhæps ðə ˈsoʊʃəl səˈpɔrt əˈgɛnst priˈmɛrətəl sɛks əbˈteɪnd ɪn ʧərʧ ˈmitɪŋz, ɛz wɛl ɛz ðə əˌsoʊʃiˈeɪʃən wɪθ ˈædəlt ˈlidərz ənd ˈəðər jəŋ ˈpipəl wɪθ ˈsɪmələr ˈvæljuz ənd bɪˈheɪvjər, wɑz mɔr ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt ɪn ɪkˈspleɪnɪŋ pɑrˌtɪsəˈpeɪʃən ɪn priˈmɛrətəl sɛks ðən wər rɪˈlɪʤəs ˈfilɪŋz. ɪt ɪz səˈspɛktɪd ðət ɛz juθ ˈstɑrtɪd tɪ pɑrˈtɪsəˌpeɪt ɪn ˌɪnəˈproʊpriɪt ˈsɛkʃuəl bɪˈheɪvjərz ðeɪ wɪθˈdru frəm ʧərʧ ˈfɛloʊˌʃɪp. ɛz wi ɔl noʊ, pɔrˈnɑgrəfi həz bɪˈkəm mɔr ˈrɛdəli əˈveɪləbəl tɪ tinz ɪn haɪ skul. ˈækˌsɛs tɪ ðə ˈɪntərˌnɛt ˈpleɪsɪz ˈhɑrdˈkɔr pɔrˈnɑgrəfi ˈɪntu ðə hænz əv juθ. ɪn əˈdɪʃən tɪ ðə ˈɪntərˌnɛt, juθ hæv ˈrɛdi ˈækˌsɛs tɪ sɔft pɔrˈnɑgrəfi ɪn ˈvɪdioʊz ənd ˈmuviz ɔn ˈkeɪbəl ər ˈsætəˌlaɪt. ɪt əˈpɪrz ðət jəŋ mɛn ˈstrəgəlɪŋ tɪ ˌəndərˈstænd ənd koʊp wɪθ ˈhɔrˌmoʊnəl ˈʧeɪnʤɪz əv ˈpjubərti ər ˈsɛkʃuəli əraʊzd baɪ pɔrˈnɑgrəfi tɪ pɑrˈtɪsəˌpeɪt ɪn ækˈtɪvɪtiz ˈkɑntrɛri tɪ ðɛr ˈvæljuz ənd bɪˈheɪvjərəl ˌɪnˈtɛnʧənz. ɪn ɑr ˈstədi, nən əv ðə ˈfæməli ˌkɛrɪktərˈɪstɪks hæd ə dɪˈrɛkt riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪp tɪ priˈmɛrətəl ˈsɛkʃuəl bɪˈheɪvjər. bət mothers’*’ ˌrɛgjəˈleɪʃən əv ðɛr sons’*’ bɪˈheɪvjər hæd ə ˈfɛrli strɔŋ ˌɪndərˈɛkt lɪŋk tɪ sɛks θru ðə ˈəðər θri ˈfæktərz ɪn ðə ˈmɑdəl. ˌrɛgjəˈleɪʃən, ɛz ɪkˈspleɪnd ˈərliər, ˌɪnˈvɑlvz ˈpɛrənts ˈsɛtɪŋ ˈfæməli rulz, ˈmɑnətərɪŋ kəmˈplaɪəns tɪ ðə rulz, ənd ˈdɪsəplənɪŋ ˌnɑnkəmˈplaɪəns. ˈɔlsoʊ, mothers’*’ ˌrɛgjəˈleɪʃən ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnts boʊθ mothers’*’ ənd fathers’*’ ˌrɛgjəˈleɪʃən əv ðɛr ˈtiˌneɪʤ ˈʧɪldrən. ðə ˈstrɔŋgəst ˌɪndərˈɛkt ˈifɛkt əv mothers’*’ ˌrɛgjəˈleɪʃən floʊz θru pɪr ˈprɛʃər. ðə mɔr ðət ˈməðərz ˈrɛgjəˌleɪtɪd ðɛr teens’*’ bɪˈheɪvjər, ðə loʊər ðə ˌɪmˈpækt əv pɪr ˈprɛʃər ɪn ðə teens’*’ lɪvz. mothers’*’ ˌrɛgjəˈleɪʃən ˈprɑbəˌbli ˈɪnfluənst ðə səˈlɛkʃən əv frɛndz ɛz wɛl ɛz ðɛr teens’*’ əˈbɪləˌti tɪ rɪˈzɪst pɪr ˈprɛʃər. mothers’*’ ˌrɛgjəˈleɪʃən ˈɔlsoʊ hæd ə strɔŋ ˌɪndərˈɛkt ˈifɛkt ɔn ˈsɛkʃuəl ækˈtɪvɪti θru ɪkˈspoʊʒər tɪ pɔrˈnɑgrəfi. ɪt ɪz ˈprɪti ˈɑbviəs haʊ ə ˈməðər ˈmɑnətərɪŋ ˈɪntərˌnɛt juz rɪˈdusɪz ˈækˌsɛs tɪ pɔrn. ˈfaɪnəli, mothers’*’ ˌrɛgjəˈleɪʃən hæd ə ˈmɑdəst ˌɪndərˈɛkt ˌɪmˈpækt əv ðɛr ˈsɛkʃuəl ækˈtɪvɪti θru ˈpəblɪk rɪˈlɪʤəs bɪˈheɪvjər. ɪn ðɪs keɪs, tinz huz ˈməðərz ɪnˈkərəʤd ənd ˈmɑnətərd ðɛr ʧərʧ əˈtɛndəns wər lɛs ˈlaɪkli tɪ hæv ˌɪˈnɪʃiˌeɪtɪd ˈsɛkʃuəl bɪˈheɪvjər. ðiz fɔr ˈfæktərz ɪkˈspleɪnd 58 əv ðə ˈvɛriəns ɪn priˈmɛrətəl ˈsɛkʃuəl ækˈtɪvɪti əˈməŋ jəŋ mɛn. ðɪs minz ðət ˈoʊvər hæf əv ðə ˈsɛkʃuəl ækˈtɪvɪti əv ðiz bɔɪz ɪz əˈkaʊntɪd fər baɪ ðiz fɔr ˈvɛriəbəlz. frɛndz wər ə ˈpaʊərfəl ˈsoʊʃəl ˈɪnfluəns ɪn ðə lɪvz əv jəŋ mɛn ənd ˈprɛʃərd səm əv ðɛm tɪ pɑrˈtɪsəˌpeɪt ɪn priˈmɛrətəl sɛks. ɔn ðə ˈəðər hænd, feɪθ, ɛz ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnɪd baɪ ʧərʧ əˈtɛndəns, wɑz ə ˈsoʊʃəl ˈɪnfluəns əˈgɛnst ˈərli ˈsɛkʃuəl ækˈtɪvɪti. pɑrˌtɪsəˈpeɪʃən ɪn pɔrˈnɑgrəfi hæd ən ˈɑbviəs ˌɪmˈpækt ɔn səʧ bɪˈheɪvjər. ˈfaɪnəli, parents’*’ ˌrɛgjəˈleɪʃən əv ðɛr ˈtiˌneɪʤ sənz dɪd hæv ə strɔŋ ˌɪndərˈɛkt ˈifɛkt θru pɪr ˈprɛʃər, ʧərʧ əˈtɛndəns, ənd ɪkˈspoʊʒər əv pɔrˈnɑgrəfi. ðə trɪmd ˈmɑdəl prɪˈdɪktɪŋ priˈmɛrətəl ˈsɛkʃuəl ækˈtɪvɪti əˈməŋ jəŋ ˈwɪmən ɪz pərˈzɛnəd ɪn ˈfɪgjər 3 ðə ˈmɑdəl ɪz ˈvɛri ˈsɪmələr tɪ ðət fər jəŋ mɛn, wɪθ ðə ɪkˈsɛpʃən ðət pɔrˈnɑgrəfi drɑpt aʊt əv ðə ˈmɑdəl. ðə rɪˈzəlts meɪk ɪt klɪr ðət jəŋ ˈwɪmən ˌɪˈnɪʃiˌeɪt ˈsɛkʃuəl bɪˈheɪvjər ɛz ə ˈkɑnsəkwəns əv ɪkˈstərnəl ˈprɛʃərz ˈrəðər ðən ˈpərsɪnəl dɪˈzaɪərz. ˈkɑmɛnts frəm θri ˈsɛkʃuəli ˈæktɪv jəŋ ˈwɪmən ˈɪləˌstreɪt ðə ˈɪnfluəns əv ˈprɛʃər. wɪn æst, dɪd ju ɪnˈgeɪʤ ɪn sɛks fər ðə fərst time?”*?” ðeɪ rɪˈplaɪd: aɪ hæd ə ˈbɔɪˌfrɛnd hu ˈprɛʃərd ɪt ɔn mi ə lɔt. ənd aɪ θɔt, ““well*, ˈmeɪbi aɪ should.”*.” aɪ ˈθɪŋkɪŋ raɪt. aɪ noʊ. ənd wən naɪt aɪ θɔt, ““well*, ˈmeɪbi aɪ wɔnt tɪ du this.”*.” bət aɪ ˈrɪli wɔnt tɪ. bət hi stɑp. hi ʤɪst kɛpt duɪŋ ɪt. aɪ wɑz laɪk, ““no,”*,” bət hi ʤɪst kɛpt duɪŋ ɪt. ˈɛvriˌwən ɛls wɑz duɪŋ ɪt. aɪ θɪŋk ðət ɪz waɪ aɪ dɪd ɪt. ˈɛvriˌwən wɑz laɪk, hæv, aɪ have!”*!” ɪt wɑz ʤɪst laɪk æt ðət ˈmoʊmənt, aɪ sɛd, ““okay.”*.” ɪt laɪk aɪ ˈivɪn θɔt əˈbaʊt ɪt. ɪt wɑz wɪn aɪ wɑz ˈfɪfˈtin. ˈrɪli aɪ ʤɪst fɛlt ˈprɛʃər. ˈmoʊstli ˈprɛʃər. aɪ ʤɪst wɛnt tɪ ə haʊs, ənd ʃi wɑz ˈhævɪŋ ə ˈpɑrti. ənd aɪ wɑz lɛft əˈloʊn wɪθ ðɪs gaɪ, ənd wən θɪŋ kaɪnd əv lɛd tɪ əˈnəðər. ðə læst ˈkɑmɛnt ˈɪləˌstreɪts ðə ˈkæʒəwəlnɛs əv səm əv ðə jəŋ fərst ˈsɛkʃuəl ækˈtɪvɪti. ðɪs jəŋ ˈwʊmən wɑz ˈprɛʃərd ˈɪntu ˈhævɪŋ sɛks baɪ guy”*” ʃi wɑz nɑt ˈivɪn ˈdeɪtɪŋ. ˌɪnˈvɑlvmənt ɪn ʧərʧ ækˈtɪvɪtiz hæd ə ˈmɑdəst ˌɪnˈhɪbətɪŋ ˈifɛkt. ɛz wɪθ ðə jəŋ mɛn, ɪt wɑz ˈpəblɪk rɪˈlɪʤəs bɪˈheɪvjər ˈrəðər ðən ˈpraɪvət rɪˈlɪʤəs bɪˈheɪvjər ðət wɑz moʊst sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt tɪ dɪˈleɪd ˈsɛkʃuəl ˌɪˌnɪʃiˈeɪʃən. ðɪs ɪz nɑt tɪ seɪ ðət ˈpərsɪnəl bɪˈlifs, prɛr, ənd ˈskrɪpʧər ˈrɛdɪŋ wər nɑt ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt. bət ɪn ðə ˈmɑdəl, ʧərʧ əˈtɛndəns ˈimərʤd ɛz ə ˈstrɔŋgər prɪˈdɪktər. ˈtɪpɪkəl ˈkɑmɛnts əˈbaʊt ʧərʧ ækˈtɪvɪtiz frəm ðə ənˈwɛd ˈməðərz rɪˈvild ðət səʧ bɪˈheɪvjər dɪˈklaɪnd ˌbiˈfɔr ðə ˌɪˌnɪʃiˈeɪʃən əv sɛks: aɪ wɑz ˈrɪli ˈæktɪv ɪn ðə ʧərʧ ənˈtɪl maɪ foʊks dɪˈvɔrst. maɪ dæd wɑz ɪn ðə bishopric*. aɪ bɪn sɪns ðeɪ broʊk əp. bət aɪ stɪl preɪ ˈɛvəri deɪ ənd θɪŋk ənd tɔk əˈbaʊt ðə ʧərʧ wɪθ ˈpipəl. aɪ ʤɪst goʊ tɪ ʧərʧ. maɪ mɑm ˈɔlˌweɪz fɔrst mi tɪ goʊ tɪ ʧərʧ.. aɪ wɑz ˈbæpˌtaɪzd ənd ɔl ðət. bət maɪ mɑm gɑt sɪk əv ˈfaɪtɪŋ mi, soʊ ðət ˈæftər ˈmeɪbi eɪʤ twɛlv, aɪ ʤɪst stɑpt goʊɪŋ ˈvɛri ˈɔfən. aɪ gru əp ˈmɔrmən, ənd aɪ kənˈsɪdər ˌmaɪˈsɛlf ˈmɔrmən raɪt naʊ. aɪ θɪŋk aɪ ˈstɑrtɪd traɪɪŋ tɪ ˈfɪgjər aʊt wət aɪ bɪˈlivd əraʊnd ˈθərˈtin ər ˌfɔrˈtin. ðət ˈɔlsoʊ hæd ə lɔt tɪ du wɪθ maɪ ˈpɛrənts biɪŋ ˈprɪti strɔŋ ˈmɔrmənz. ˈɔlˌweɪz preɪd. aɪ hæv maɪ ˈpərsɪnəl bɪˈlifs. aɪ ˈrɪli bɪˈliv ɪn ən ˈɔrgəˌnaɪzd rɪˈlɪʤən. mothers’*’ ˌrɛgjəˈleɪʃən həz ə strɔŋ ˌɪndərˈɛkt ˈifɛkt ɔn ðə daughters’*’ ˈsɛkʃuəl bɪˈheɪvjər θru boʊθ pɪr ˈprɛʃər ənd ʧərʧ əˈtɛndəns. ðɪs ɪz ˈsəmˈwət sˈmɔlər ðən ðət fər ðə jəŋ mɛn. ðə læk əv pərˈɛntəl ˌrɛgjəˈleɪʃən ənd ðə ˌɪnkənˈsɪstənsi bɪtˈwin ˈməðər ənd ˈfɑðər ər ˈɪləˌstreɪtɪd ɪn ðə ˈfɑloʊɪŋ ˈkɑmɛnts: ðə rulz dɪˈpɛndɪd ɔn ðə mud ðeɪ wər ɪn. ˈsəmˌtaɪmz kəm əp wɪθ ðɪs rul: ju hæv tɪ bi hoʊm æt eɪt ɔn ə skul night.”*.” ðət ˈnɛvər wərkt. hæv gɑt tɪ hæv ðə haʊs klin ˌbiˈfɔr ju leave.”*.” ðət ˈnɛvər wərkt. maɪ ˈməðər kʊd ˈnɛvər stɪk tɪ ðə rulz. ðeɪ traɪd tɪ hæv ə lɔt əv rulz. bət ˈæftər ə waɪl ðeɪ ʤɪst geɪv əp. ˈnɛvər ˈfɑloʊ ðɛm. ðeɪ traɪd. ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ du, kəm əp wɪθ ə nu rul. ðeɪ ˈfaɪnəli ʤɪst geɪv əp. maɪ dæd wʊd traɪ tɪ graʊnd mi, ənd ʤɪst faɪt ɪt. gɪt maɪ mɑm, ənd ɪt wɑz kaɪnd əv laɪk ðeɪ wər tu ˈsɛpərˌeɪt ˈpɛrənts. aɪ kʊd gɪt ðɛm tɪ dɪsəˈgri, wɪʧ hɛlpt mi. pɪr ˈprɛʃər, ˈpəblɪk rɪˈlɪʤəs bɪˈheɪvjər, ənd mothers’*’ ˌrɛgjəˈleɪʃən əˈkaʊntɪd fər 72 əv ðə ˈvɛriəns ɪn priˈmɛrətəl ˈsɛkʃuəl ækˈtɪvɪti əˈməŋ jəŋ ˈwɪmən. ðɪs minz ðət ˈnɪrli əv ðə ˈsɛkʃuəl ˌɪˌnɪʃiˈeɪʃən əv ðɪs ˈsæmpəl əv jəŋ ˈwɪmən ɪz əˈkaʊntɪd fər baɪ ðiz θri ˈvɛriəbəlz. jəŋ ˈwɪmən ɪnˈgeɪʤd ɪn sɛks bɪˈkəz ðɛr frɛndz ˈprɛʃərd ðɛm. ðɪs ˈprɛʃər keɪm frəm jəŋ mɛn ðeɪ wər ˈdeɪtɪŋ, frəm ðoʊz ðeɪ wər əˈsoʊsiˌeɪtɪŋ wɪθ, ənd ˈivɪn frəm ðɛr ˈgərlˌfrɛndz. ɛz ˈnoʊtɪd ˈərliər, ðə ˈɪntərvˌjuz wɪθ ðə jəŋ ənˈwɛd ˈməðərz ʃɛd səm ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪŋ ˈɪnˌsaɪts əˈbaʊt ðə paʊər əv ɪkˈstərnəl ˈprɛʃər tɪ ɪnˈgeɪʤ ɪn sɛks. ðə ˈrizənz ðeɪ geɪv ɪn rɪˈspɑns tɪ ðə kˈwɛʃən əv waɪ ðeɪ hæd sɛks fər ðə fərst taɪm ər pərˈzɛnəd ɪn ˈteɪbəl 4 ənd ˈɪləˌstreɪt ðɛr səˌsɛptəˈbɪləti tɪ ˈfɔrsɪz ðeɪ feɪst. wɪn æst waɪ ðeɪ hæd sɛks ðə fərst taɪm, hæf əv ðə ənˈwɛd ˈməðərz rɪˈplaɪd, know.”*.” wɪn prɛst baɪ ðə ˈɪntərvˌjuər fər ə mɔr ˈɪnˌsaɪtfəl ˈænsər, ðeɪ ˈvɛri ɛmˈfætɪkəli rɪˈplaɪd, know!”*!” tu jəŋ ˈwɪmən ɪkˈsprɛst ðɪs læk əv ˌəndərˈstændɪŋ. aɪ noʊ! ɪt ʤɪst ˈhæpənd! aɪ ˈrɪli æt ðə taɪm laɪk, aɪ ˈɔlˌweɪz toʊld ˌmaɪˈsɛlf ðət aɪ du ɪt ənˈtɪl aɪ wɑz ˈmɛrid. ənd wən naɪt ɪt ʤɪst ˈhæpənd. ɪt wɑz ˈɔlˌmoʊst laɪk aɪ dɪd nɑt kɛr ˌɛniˈmɔr, aɪ gɛs. wi ʤɪst dɪd ɪt. aɪ bɪˈkeɪm ˈsɛkʃuəli ˈæktɪv wɪn aɪ wɑz ˈsɪkˈstin. aɪ noʊ waɪ. ʤɪst ɔl əv ə ˈsədən aɪ ˌdɪˈsaɪdɪd. aɪ ˈivɪn noʊ waɪ ˌmaɪˈsɛlf. ə lɔt əv gaɪz hæd ˈwɔntɪd tɪ, ənd aɪ ˈɔlˌweɪz sɛd noʊ. ənd ðɛn ɔl əv ə ˈsədən aɪ ʤɪst dɪd ɪt. ɪt ɪz rɪˈmɑrkəbəl ðət hæf əv ðiz jəŋ ˈwɪmən ˌɪˈnɪʃiˌeɪtɪd ˈsɛkʃuəl ækˈtɪvɪti, wɪʧ həz hæd səʧ ə ˈdræstɪk ˈkɑnsəkwəns ɪn ðɛr lɪvz, fər ˈrizənz ðeɪ du nɑt ˌəndərˈstænd. ɪt ɪz ˈɑbviəs frəm ðiz tu ˈkɑmɛnts ðət ˈmɛni əv ðə gərlz hu dɪd nɑt ˌəndərˈstænd waɪ ðeɪ bɪˈkeɪm ˌɪnˈvɑlvd ɪn ˈɪntəməsi wər ˈprɛʃərd baɪ ˈbɔɪˌfrɛndz. ən əˈdɪʃənəl 25 ˈklɪrli ˌriˈpɔrtəd ðət ðeɪ hæd bɪn koʊərst tɪ hæv sɛks, ər ɪn ˈəðər wərdz, ðeɪ wər reɪpt. ðə jəŋ ˈwɪmən meɪd ɪt klɪr ðət ðeɪ wər nɑt ʤɪst ɪnˈkərəʤd baɪ ðɛr ˈpɑrtnərz, bət ðət ðeɪ wər ˈstrɔŋli ˈprɛʃərd ˈɪntu sɛks. ə səbˈstænʃəl ˈnəmbər əv gərlz, 17 ɪnˈgeɪʤd ɪn sɛks fər ðə fərst taɪm bɪˈkəz ðeɪ ˈwɔntɪd tɪ fil ækˈsɛptɪd ər tɪ hæv ə ˈbɔɪˌfrɛnd. ˈpɪfər 1994 ə ˈklɪnɪkəl saɪˈkɑləʤəst, ˈɑrgjud ðət əˈmɛrɪkən ˈkəlʧər ˈpɔɪzənz jəŋ ˈfilɪŋz əˈbaʊt ðɛmˈsɛlvz soʊ ðət ðɛr ˈoʊnli sɔrs əv ɪz əˈtæʧmənt tɪ ə ˈbɔɪˌfrɛnd. ðə ˈpaʊərfəl ðət ðeɪ hoʊpt tɪ geɪn frəm ˈhævɪŋ ə ˈbɔɪˌfrɛnd wɑz ˈɛvədənt ɪn ðɛr ˈkɑmɛnts. aɪ hæv ˈrɪli loʊ, bət ˈprɑbəˌbli ðə ˈfilɪŋ əv ˈhævɪŋ ə mæn, laɪk ðə riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪp ər ˌwəˈtɛvər, nɑt ˈwɑnɪŋ ɪm tɪ liv mi. soʊ aɪ θɔt ðət baɪ ˈgɪvɪŋ ɪm səm sɔrt əv ˈplɛʒər ˈmeɪbi hi wʊd steɪ əraʊnd ˈlɔŋgər. aɪ noʊ haʊ tɪ ɪkˈspleɪn ɪt, bət ˈprɑbəˌbli fər sɪˈkjʊrəti ˈrizənz aɪ gɛs. ɪf ðət meɪks ˈɛni sɛns. aɪ laɪk biɪŋ wɪθ ˈsəmˌwən. ju noʊ, ˈsəmˌwən ʤɪst tɪ bi wɪθ, tɪ hoʊld hænz. ənd ɪt wɑz ʤɪst ə kul θɪŋ, hæv ə boyfriend.”*.” əˈspɛʃəli ɪf hi ɪz kjut ənd ˈpɑpjələr. laɪk ˈdeɪtɪŋ soʊ ənd soʊ, ənd ðɪs ɪz ə kul thing.”*.” maɪ fərst ˈbɔɪˌfrɛnd wɑz ə ˈkaʊˌbɔɪ; hi roʊd bʊlz. ðət wɑz ril kul. aɪ laɪk ðə əˈtɛnʃən əv ə gaɪ. aɪ laɪk ˈgɪtɪŋ əˈtɛnʃən frəm gaɪz, bɪˈkəz aɪ ˈnɛvər hæd ˈɛni meɪl gɪv mi əˈtɛnʃən ɪn maɪ hoʊm bɪˈkəz aɪ dɪd nɑt hæv ə dæd. ɪt wɑz ʤɪst əˈtɛnʃən frəm gaɪz ðət aɪ laɪk ðət meɪd mi hæv sɛks. ˈfilɪŋ ækˈsɛptɪd. ðət ɪz waɪ aɪ dɪd ɪt. ˈɔlˌweɪz bɪn ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt tɪ mi. aɪ ˈɔlˌweɪz ˈwɔntɪd tɪ fil ækˈsɛptɪd baɪ bɔɪz. ˈsædli, ðiz gərlz kənfˈjuzd sɛks wɪθ əˈfɛkʃən, əkˈsɛptəns, ənd bɪˈlɔŋɪŋ. ðeɪ fɛlt ðət ˈgɪvɪŋ ə bɔɪ sɛks wʊd ˈsəmˌhaʊ kriˈeɪt ə ˈlæstɪŋ riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪp wɪθ ɪm. ənˈfɔrʧənətli, ðə gərlz dɪˈskəvərd ðət ðə ɪnˈdʊrɪŋ riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪps ðeɪ sɔt dɪd nɑt məˈtɪriəˌlaɪz frəm ðɛr ˈsɛkʃuəl ˌʤɛnərˈɑsəti. ðə ˈfaɪnəl 10 əv ðə ənˈwɛd ˈməðərz ˈsteɪtɪd ðət ðeɪ ɪnˈgeɪʤd ɪn sɛks ɛz ə weɪ tɪ ʃoʊ ðɛr ləv tɪ ðɛr ˈpɑrtnər. ˈsɛvərəl ˈsteɪtɪd ðɛr ““love”*” fər ðɛr ˈbɔɪˌfrɛnd ˈmoʊtəˌveɪtəd ðɛm tɪ gɪv ɪm ðɪs ˈspɛʃəl gɪft. ˈəðərz ˌriˈpɔrtəd ðət ðeɪ wər ˈplænɪŋ ɔn ˈmɛriɪŋ, ənd ðəs ɪt wɑz ˌoʊˈkeɪ tɪ hæv sɛks. ˈfaɪnəli, ˈoʊnli wən jəŋ ˈwʊmən ˌriˈpɔrtəd ðət ʃi pɑrˈtɪsəˌpeɪtɪd ɪn sɛks fər ðə fərst taɪm bɪˈkəz ʃi wɑz ˈsɛkʃuəli əraʊzd tɪ ðə pɔɪnt ðət ʃi ˈwɔntɪd tɪ ɪnˈgeɪʤ ɪn ˈsɛkʃuəl riˈleɪʃənz. əˈməŋ ðiz 45 ənˈwɛd ˈməðərz, ɔl bət wən ˌɪˈnɪʃiˌeɪtɪd ˈsɛkʃuəl ækˈtɪvɪti fər ˈrizənz ˈəðər ðən ðɛr oʊn ˈsɛkʃuəl ˈfilɪŋz. ðiz ˈfaɪndɪŋz du nɑt dɪˈnaɪ ðət jəŋ ˈwɪmən hæv ˈsɛkʃuəl dɪˈzaɪərz, bət ðət ɪn ˈmeɪkɪŋ ðə dɪˈsɪʒən tɪ hæv sɛks fər ðə fərst taɪm, səʧ ˈfilɪŋz ər ˈrɛlətɪvli ənɪmˈpɔrtənt. moʊst wər ˈprɛʃərd tɪ pɑrˈtɪsəˌpeɪt, waɪl ˈəðərz ˈwɔntɪd əkˈsɛptəns ənd dəraɪvd frəm ˈhævɪŋ ə ˈbɔɪˌfrɛnd. kənˈkluʒən ðɪs ˈstədi rɪˈvilz ðət ˌɪˌnɪʃiˈeɪʃən əv ˈsɛkʃuəl ækˈtɪvɪti əˈməŋ juθ ɪz ˈɪnfluənst baɪ ə vərˈaɪəti əv ˈsoʊʃəl, rɪˈlɪʤəs, ənd ˈpərsɪnəl ˌkɛrɪktərˈɪstɪks. ðə ˈsoʊʃəl ˈɪnfluəns əv frɛndz, nɑt səˈpraɪzɪŋli, əˈpɪrz tɪ bi ðə ˈstrɔŋgəst prɪˈdɪktər əv youths’*’ pɑrˌtɪsəˈpeɪʃən ɪn priˈmɛrətəl sɛks. ˌɔlˈðoʊ nɑt ɛz ˈpaʊərfəl ɛz pɪr ˈɪnˌfluənsɪz, rɪˈlɪʤən dɪz hæv ə dɪˈrɛkt ˈifɛkt. ðə æˈnælɪsɪs səˈʤɛsts ðət sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt rɪˈlɪʤəs ˈifɛkt ɪz mɔr ə ˈsoʊʃəl ˈifɛkt ðən ə ˈstrɪktli ˈpərsɪnəl ər ˈspɪrɪˌʧuəl ˈifɛkt. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ðə ˌkɔrəˈleɪʃənz du ˌɪnˈdid ʃoʊ ə strɔŋ ˌɪnˈvərs riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪp bɪtˈwin ðə ˈdɪfərənt dɪˈmɛnʃənz əv rɪˌlɪʤiˈɑsəti ənd ˌɪnˈvɑlvmənt ɪn priˈmɛrətəl sɛks. ɛz ə rɪˈzəlt, wi kən kənˈklud ðət ðə mɔr rɪˈlɪʤəs ən ˈtiˌneɪʤər ɪz, ðə lɛs ˈlaɪkli ðət hi ər ʃi wɪl ɪnˈgeɪʤ ɪn ˌɪˈmɔrəl bɪˈheɪvjərz. ˈfaɪnəli, ˌɔlˈðoʊ parents’*’ bɪˈheɪvjər dɪz nɑt hæv ə dɪˈrɛkt riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪp tɪ ðə ˈsɛkʃuəl bɪˈheɪvjər əv ðɛr ˈtiˌneɪʤərz, ˈpɛrənts du hæv ə strɔŋ ˌɪndərˈɛkt ˈifɛkt ɔn səʧ bɪˈheɪvjər. ðəs ˈpɛrənts kən əˈfɛkt ðə ʧɔɪs əv ðɛr ˌædəˈlɛsənt frɛndz ənd ˈpɑzətɪvli ˈɪnfluəns ðɛr rɪˈlɪʤəs ækˈtɪvɪti ənd ˈspɪrɪˌʧuəl dɪˈvɛləpmənt. ðə ˈmeɪʤər ˌɪmpləˈkeɪʃənz fər ˈpɛrənts frəm ðə æˈnælɪsɪs ɪn ðɪs ˈʧæptər əˈpɪrz tɪ fɔl ˈɪntu θri meɪn ˈɛriəz. fərst, ðɛr ɪz ə nid fər ˈpɛrənts, boʊθ ˈməðərz ənd ˈfɑðərz, tɪ bi ˈæktɪvli ˌɪnˈvɑlvd ɪn ðɛr teens’*’ lɪvz baɪ wət ðə ˈlɪtərəʧər rɪˈfərz tɪ ɛz regulation.”*.” ðɪs ˌɪnˈvɑlvz ˈsɛtɪŋ ˈfæməli rulz, səʧ ɛz haʊ leɪt ðə tinz kən steɪ aʊt æt naɪt; wɪn, hu, ənd wɛr ðeɪ kən deɪt; ənd haʊ məʧ ðeɪ kən bi əˈloʊn wɪθ ˈmɛmbərz əv ðə ˈɑpəzɪt sɛks. ˈikwəli ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt, ˈpɛrənts nid tɪ ˈmɑnətər ðɛr teens’*’ kəmˈplaɪəns tɪ ˈfæməli rulz. ˈsəmˌtaɪmz ə ˈkæʒəwəl wərd wɪθ ə ˈtiʧər ər ˈpɛrənt əv ə frɛnd əˈbaʊt haʊ θɪŋz ər goʊɪŋ wɪθ ðə sən ər ˈdɔtər ənd hɪz ər hər frɛndz wɪl ˈproʊdus ˌrɛvəˈleɪʃənz əˈbaʊt oʊˈbidiəns tɪ ˈfæməli rulz. wɪn rulz ər ˈvaɪəleɪtɪd, ˈpɛrənts məst stɛp ˈfɔrwərd ənd ˈdɪsəplən ðɛr tinz. ðɪs ˈpræktɪs ɪz ˈsəmˌtaɪmz hɑrd fər ˈpɛrənts tɪ du, bət ɛz ɑr ˈstədi dɪˈskəvərd, tinz ɪkˈspɛkt əˈproʊpriˌeɪt ˈdɪsəplən ənd fil ənˈləvd wɪn ɪt ɪz nɪˈglɛktɪd. ðə ˈsɛkənd ˈmeɪʤər ˌɪmpləˈkeɪʃən fər ˈpɛrənts ɪz ðət ðeɪ ʃʊd du ɔl ðeɪ kən tɪ ˌɪnˈvɑlv ðɛr tinz wɪθ frɛndz ənd pɪrz hu ʃɛr ˈsɪmələr ˈvæljuz ənd ˈstændərdz. ˈgrænɪd, tinz hæv ðɛr oʊn kraɪˈtɪriə fər ˈpɪkɪŋ frɛndz, bət ˈpɛrənts kən kriˈeɪt kənˈdɪʃənz ðət ˈmæksəˌmaɪz ðə səˈlɛkʃən əv gʊd wənz. ˈpɛrənts kən ɪnˈkərəʤ ðɛr tinz tɪ pɑrˈtɪsəˌpeɪt ɪn ˌɛkstrəkərˈɪkjələr ækˈtɪvɪtiz, səʧ ɛz dəˈbeɪt, ʧɛs kləb, bænd, ənd ˈəðər kləbz ər ˌɔrgənəˈzeɪʃənz. ˈʤɛnərəli, səʧ pɑrˌtɪsəˈpeɪʃən wɪl səraʊnd ə tin wɪθ pəˈtɛnʃəl frɛndz hu hæv ʃɛrd ˈvæljuz. ˈlæstli, ðə paʊər əv rɪˌlɪʤiˈɑsəti ˈkænɑt bi ˈoʊvərˌlʊkt. ˈpɛrənts kən ˈstrɛŋθən ðɛr ˈʧɪldrən ənd ˈmɪnəˌmaɪz ðə ˈnɛgətɪv ˈifɛkts əv pɪr ˈprɛʃər baɪ kriˈeɪtɪŋ ə hoʊm ɪnˈvaɪrənmənt wɛr juθ kən nɑt ˈoʊnli lərn ˈgɔspəl ˈprɪnsəpəlz bət ˈɔlsoʊ fil ðə ˈspɪrɪt ɪn ðɛr lɪvz. ˈfæməli rɪˌlɪʤiˈɑsəti ɪz ˈstrɛŋθənd θru ækˈtɪvɪtiz səʧ ɛz prɛr, ˈskrɪpʧər ˈstədi, ənd ˈfæməli hoʊm ˈivnɪŋ. waɪl ɪt ɪz ˌɪnˈdid ˈdɔntɪŋ tɪ reɪz ˈraɪʧəs ənd riˈspɑnsəbəl ˈtiˌneɪʤərz ɪn ðiz ˈʧælənʤɪŋ taɪmz, ɪt ɪz nɑt ˌɪmˈpɑsəbəl. ˌɔlˈðoʊ ðɛr wər səm dɪˈstərbɪŋ ˈfaɪndɪŋz ɪn ɑr ˈstədi, seɪnt juθ ˈʤɛnərəli ər fɑr lɛs ˌɪnˈvɑlvd ɪn ˌɪˈmɔrəl ækˈtɪvɪtiz ðən ðɛr pɪrz, ənd feɪθ ənd ˈfæməli wɪl kənˈtɪnju tɪ bi ˈpaʊərfəl ˈɪnˌfluənsɪz fər gʊd. ˈrɛfərənsɪz, ʤeɪ. si., mɑrˈtinɛz, ʤi. ɛm., ˈmoʊʒər, ˈdəbəlju. di., ˈdɔsən, bi. ɛs. 2004 ˈtiˌneɪʤərz ɪn ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts: ˈsɛkʃuəl ækˈtɪvɪti, ˌkɑntrəˈsɛptɪv juz, ənd ˈʧaɪldˌbɛrɪŋ, 2002 ˈnæʃənəl ˈsɛnər fər hɛlθ stəˈtɪstɪks, ˈvaɪtəl hɛlθ stəˈtɪstɪks, ˈbɑrbər, bi. keɪ., ˈoʊlsən, ʤeɪ. i., shagle*, ɛs. si. 1994 əˌsoʊʃiˈeɪʃənz bɪtˈwin pərˈɛntəl ˌsaɪkəˈlɑʤɪkəl ənd bɪˈheɪvjərəl kənˈtroʊl ənd juθ ˌɪnˈtərnəˌlaɪzd ənd bɪˈheɪvjərz. ʧaɪld dɪˈvɛləpmənt, 65 bɛk, ɛs. eɪʧ., koʊl, bi. ɛs., ˈhæmənd, ʤeɪ. ə. 1991 rɪˈlɪʤəs ˈhɛrɪtɪʤ ənd priˈmɛrətəl sɛks: ˈɛvədəns frəm ə ˈnæʃənəl ˈsæmpəl əv jəŋ ˈædəlts. ˈʤərnəl fər ðə ˌsaɪənˈtɪfɪk ˈstədi əv rɪˈlɪʤən, ˈbɛndə, vi. bi., dɪˈblɑsiˌoʊ ɛf. ə. 1991 kəmˈpɛrəsən əv fɔr ˈθɪriz əv ˌædəˈlɛsənt ˈsɛkʃuəl ˌɛksplərˈeɪʃən. ˈdiviənt bɪˈheɪvjər, 12 ˈbrustər, keɪ. ɛl., ˈbɪli, j.o.g*., ˈgreɪdi, ˈdəbəlju. ɑr. 1993 ˈsoʊʃəl ˈkɑntɛkst ənd ˌædəˈlɛsənt bɪˈheɪvjər: ðə ˌɪmˈpækt əv kəmˈjunɪti ɔn ðə trænˈzɪʃən tɪ ˈsɛkʃuəl ækˈtɪvɪti. ˈsoʊʃəl ˈfɔrsɪz, 71 ˈbrustər, keɪ. ɛl., ˈkʊksi, i. si., guilkey*, di. keɪ., rindfuss*, ɑr. ɑr. 1998 ðə ˈʧeɪnʤɪŋ ˌɪmˈpækt əv rɪˈlɪʤən ɔn ðə ˈsɛkʃuəl ənd ˌkɑntrəˈsɛptɪv bɪˈheɪvjər əv ˌædəˈlɛsənt ˈwɪmən ɪn ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts. ˈʤərnəl əv ˈmɛrɪʤ ənd ˈfæməli, 60(may*), kɑˈpɑldi, di., ˈkrɔzbi, ɛm. ɛl., stoolmiller*, ɛm. 1996 prɪˈdɪktɪŋ ðə ˈtaɪmɪŋ əv fərst ˈɪnərˌkɔrs fər ˌædəˈlɛsənt meɪlz. ʧaɪld dɪˈvɛləpmənt, 67 ˈkɑkrən, ʤeɪ. keɪ., , ɛl. 1991 ðə ˈɪnfluəns əv rɪˈlɪʤən ɔn ˈætəˌtudz təˈwɔrd ˌsɛkʃuˈæləti: ə prɪˈlɪməˌnɛri əˈsɛsmənt əv ˈrɛfərəns grup ˈθɪri. ˈʤərnəl fər ðə ˌsaɪənˈtɪfɪk ˈstədi əv rɪˈlɪʤən, ˈkʊksi, i. si., rindfuss*, ɑr. ɑr., guilkey*, di. keɪ. 1996 ðə ˌɪˌnɪʃiˈeɪʃən əv ˌædəˈlɛsənt ˈsɛkʃuəl ənd ˌkɑntrəˈsɛptɪv bɪˈheɪvjər ˈdʊrɪŋ ˈʧeɪnʤɪŋ taɪmz. ˈʤərnəl əv hɛlθ ənd ˈsoʊʃəl bɪˈheɪvjər, 37 (mɑrʧ), deɪ, ɑr. di. 1992 ðə trænˈzɪʃən tɪ fərst ˈɪnərˌkɔrs əˈməŋ ˈreɪʃəli ənd ˈkəlʧərəˌli dɪˈvərs juθ. ˈʤərnəl əv ˈmɛrɪʤ ənd ˈfæməli, 54 ˈfɛldmən, ɛs. ɛs., braʊn, ɛn. 1993 ˈfæməli ˈɪnˌfluənsɪz ɔn ˌædəˈlɛsənt meɪl ˌsɛkʃuˈæləti: ðə roʊl əv. ˈsoʊʃəl dɪˈvɛləpmənt, 2 ˌfluˈɛlɪŋ, ɑr. ɛl., ˈbaʊmən, keɪ. i. 1990 ˈfæməli ˈstrəkʧər ɛz ə prɪˈdɪktər əv ˌɪˈnɪʃəl ˈsəbstəns juz ənd ˈsɛkʃuəl ˈɪnərˌkɔrs ɪn ˈərli ˌædəˈlɛsəns. ˈʤərnəl əv ˈmɛrɪʤ ənd ˈfæməli, 52, ɑr., ˈhitən, ti. bi. 1988 ˌɪˌnɪʃiˈeɪʃən əv ˈsɛkʃuəl ækˈtɪvɪti əˈməŋ ˈfiˌmeɪl ˌædəˈlɛsənts. juθ ənd soʊˈsaɪɪti, 19 ˈhɛrɪs, ɛl., oʊˈmɑn, ɑr. ɑr., ˈvizli, ɛs. keɪ., tolma*, i. ɛl., aspy*, si. bi., roʊˈdini, ɛs., ˈmɑrʃəl, ɛl., flʊr, ʤeɪ. 2006 əˌsoʊʃiˈeɪʃənz bɪtˈwin juθ ˈæˌsɛts ənd ˈsɛkʃuəl ækˈtɪvɪti: dɪz ˈædəlt ˌsupərˈvɪʒən pleɪ ə roʊl? ʧaɪld: kɛr, hɛlθ ənd dɪˈvɛləpmənt, heɪz, si. 1987 ˌædəˈlɛsənt ˈprɛgnənsi ənd ˈʧaɪldˌbɛrɪŋ: ən ˈimərʤɪŋ ˈrisərʧ ˈfoʊkɪs. ɪn si. heɪz (ɛd.), ˈrɪskɪŋ ðə fˈjuʧər: ˌædəˈlɛsənt ˌsɛkʃuˈæləti, ˈprɛgnənsi, ənd ˈʧaɪldˌbɛrɪŋ, 2, ɛm., sipan*, si., ˈbləmbərg, i., ˈætkɪnz, si., ˈhɑfstɛtər, si. ɑr., ənd ˈkraɪtnər, ɛs. 1994 ˈfæməli ˈɪnˌfluənsɪz ɔn ləˈtinoʊ ənd ˈæŋgloʊ ˌædəˈlɛsənt ˈsɛkʃuəl bɪˈheɪvjər. ˈʤərnəl əv ˈmɛrɪʤ ənd ˈfæməli, 56 ku, ɛl., sonenstein*, ɛf. ɛl., , ʤeɪ. eɪʧ. 1993 ˈneɪbərˌhʊd, ˈfæməli ənd wərk: ˈɪnˌfluənsɪz ɔn ðə priˈmɛrətəl bɪˈheɪvjərz əv ˌædəˈlɛsənt meɪlz. ˈsoʊʃəl ˈfɔrsɪz, 72 ˈlɛvɪn, di. i., ˈkɪlbərn, ʤeɪ. 2008 soʊ ˈsɛksi, soʊ sun. nu jɔrk: ˈbælənˌtaɪn bʊks. mcilhaney*, ʤeɪ. ɛs., bʊʃ, ɛf. ɛm. 2008 hʊkt: nu saɪəns ɔn haʊ ˈkæʒəwəl sɛks ɪz əˈfɛktɪŋ ɑr ˈʧɪldrən. ʃəˈkɑˌgoʊ: ˈnɔrθˌfild ˈpəblɪʃɪŋ. ˈmɪlər, bi., ˈbɪŋgəm, si. 1989 ˈfæməli kənˌfɪgjərˈeɪʃən ɪn riˈleɪʃən tɪ ðə ˈsɛkʃuəl bɪˈheɪvjər əv ˈfiˌmeɪl ˌædəˈlɛsənts. ˈʤərnəl əv ˈmɛrɪʤ ənd ˈfæməli, 51 ˈmɪlər, bi., ˈmɑnsən, bi. eɪʧ., ˈnɔrtən, ɛm. si. 1995 ðə ˈifɛkts əv fɔrst ˈsɛkʃuəl ˈɪnərˌkɔrs ɔn waɪt ˈfiˌmeɪl ˌædəˈlɛsənts. ʧaɪld əˈbjuz ənd nɪˈglɛkt, 19 ˈmɪlər, bi., mʊr, keɪ. 1990 ˌædəˈlɛsənt ˈsɛkʃuəl bɪˈheɪvjər, ˈprɛgnənsi, ənd ˈpɛrəntɪŋ: ˈrisərʧ θru ðə 1980s*. ˈʤərnəl əv ˈmɛrɪʤ ənd ˈfæməli, 52 ˈmɪlər, keɪ. ɛs., ˈfɔˌrhænd, ɑr., , bi. ə. 1999 ˌædəˈlɛsənt ˈsɛkʃuəl bɪˈheɪvjər ɪn tu ˈɛθnɪk məˈnɔrəti ˈsæmpəlz: ðə roʊl əv ˈfæməli ˈvɛriəbəlz. ˈʤərnəl əv ˈmɛrɪʤ ənd ˈfæməli, 61 mʊr, keɪ. ə., ˈpitərsən, ʤeɪ. ɛl., ˈfərstənbərg, ɛf. ɛf. 1986 parents’*’ ˈætəˌtudz ənd ðə əˈkərəns əv ˈərli ˈsɛkʃuəl ækˈtɪvɪti. ˈʤərnəl əv ˈmɛrɪʤ ənd ˈfæməli, 48 ˈnuˌkəmər, ɛs. ɛf., , ʤeɪ. ɑr. 1984 mothers’*’ ˈɪnfluəns ɔn ðə ˈsɛkʃuəl bɪˈheɪvjər əv ðɛr ˈtiˌneɪʤ ˈʧɪldrən. ˈʤərnəl əv ˈmɛrɪʤ ənd ˈfæməli, ˈpitərsən, ɛl. ɑr., donnenwerth*, ʤi. vi. 1997 ənd ðə ˈɪnfluəns əv rɪˈlɪʤən ɔn bɪˈlifs əˈbaʊt priˈmɛrətəl sɛks. ˈsoʊʃəl fɔrs, ˈpərkɪnz, di. ɛf., ˈləstər, ti., villarruel*, ə., smɔl, ɛs. 1998 ən ɛkəˈlɑʤɪkəl, ɪgˌzæməˈneɪʃən əv adolescents’*’ ˈsɛkʃuəl ækˈtɪvɪti ɪn θri ˈɛθnɪk grups. ˈʤərnəl əv ˈmɛrɪʤ ənd ˈfæməli, 60 ˈpɪfər, ɛm. 1994 rɪˈvaɪvɪŋ əˈfiljə: ˈseɪvɪŋ ðə sɛlvz əv ˌædəˈlɛsənt gərlz. nu jɔrk: ˈbælənˌtaɪn bʊks. ˈrɛznɪk, ɛm. di., ˈbɛrmən, pi. ɛs., blum, ɑr. ˈdəbəlju., ˈbaʊmən, keɪ. i., ˈhɛrɪs, keɪ. ɛm., ʤoʊnz, ʤeɪ., ˈteɪbər, ʤeɪ., beuhring*, ti., ˈsɪvɪŋ, ɑr. i., ʃu, ɛm., ˈaɪərlənd, ɛm., bearinger*, ɛl. eɪʧ., , ʤeɪ. ɑr. 1997 prəˈtɛktɪŋ ˌædəˈlɛsənts frəm hɑrm: ˈfaɪndɪŋz frəm ðə ˈnæʃənəl ˌlɑnʤəˈtudənəl ˈstədi əv ˌædəˈlɛsənt hɛlθ. ˈʤərnəl əv ðə əˈmɛrɪkən ˈmɛdɪkəl əˌsoʊʃiˈeɪʃən, 278 ˈrɑʤərz, ʤeɪ. ɛl. 1983 ˈfæməli kənˌfɪgjərˈeɪʃən ənd ˌædəˈlɛsənt ˈsɛkʃuəl bɪˈheɪvjər. ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃən ənd ɪnˈvaɪrənmənt, 6 ˈrɑʤərz, keɪ. bi. 1999 pərˈɛntəl ˈprɑsɛsəz rɪˈleɪtɪd tɪ ˈsɛkʃuəl bɪˈheɪvjərz əv ˌædəˈlɛsənt meɪlz ənd ˈfiˌmeɪlz. ˈʤərnəl əv ˈmɛrɪʤ ənd ˈfæməli, 61 ʃˈroʊdər, keɪ. 1997 ˈpɛrənts pæk paʊər. ˌɛʤəˈkeɪʃənəl ˈdaɪʤɛst, ˈsɪvɪŋ, ɑr., ˈaɪzənbərg, ɛm. i., pettingell*, ɛs., skay*, si. 2004 friends’*’ ˈɪnfluəns ɔn adolescents’*’ fərst ˈsɛkʃuəl ˈɪnərˌkɔrs. pərˈspɛktɪvz ɔn ˈsɛkʃuəl ənd ˌriprəˈdəktɪv hɛlθ, 38(march*), 1 smɔl, ɛs. ə., kərnz, di. 1993 ənˈwɔntɪd ˈsɛkʃuəl ækˈtɪvɪti əˈməŋ pɪrz ˈdʊrɪŋ ˈərli ənd ˈmɪdəl ˌædəˈlɛsəns: ˈɪnsɪdəns ənd rɪsk ˈfæktərz. ˈʤərnəl əv ˈmɛrɪʤ ənd ˈfæməli, 55 smɔl, ɛs. ə., ˈləstər, ti. 1994 ˌædəˈlɛsənt ˈsɛkʃuəl ækˈtɪvɪti: ən ecologicial*, əˈproʊʧ. ˈʤərnəl əv ˈmɛrɪʤ ənd ˈfæməli, 56 smɪθ, si., ˈdɛntən, ɛm. ɛl. 2005 soʊl ˈsərʧɪŋ: ðə rɪˈlɪʤəs ənd ˈspɪrɪˌʧuəl lɪvz əv əˈmɛrɪkən ˈtiˌneɪʤərz. ˈɑksfərd: ˈɑksfərd ˌjunəˈvərsəti prɛs. ˈstudər, ɛm., ˈθɔrntən, ə. 1987 ˌædəˈlɛsənt rɪˌlɪʤiˈɑsəti ənd ˌkɑntrəˈsɛptɪv ˈjusɪʤ. ˈʤərnəl əv ˈmɛrɪʤ ənd ˈfæməli, 49 ˈθɔrntən, ə., ˈkæmˌbərn, di. 1987 ðə ˈɪnfluəns əv ðə ˈfæməli ɔn priˈmɛrətəl ˈsɛkʃuəl ˈætəˌtudz ənd bɪˈheɪvjərz. dɪˈmɑgrəfi, 24 ˈθɔrntən, ə., ˈkæmˌbərn, di. 1989 rɪˈlɪʤəs pɑrˌtɪsəˈpeɪʃən ənd ˌædəˈlɛsənt ˈsɛkʃuəl bɪˈheɪvjər ənd ˈvæljuz. ˈʤərnəl əv ˈmɛrɪʤ ənd ˈfæməli, 51 ˈəˌpʧərʧ, di. ɛm., aneshensel*, si. ə., sucoff*, si. ə., , ɛl. 1999 ˈneɪbərˌhʊd ənd ˈfæməli ˈkɑnˌtɛksts əv ˌædəˈlɛsənt ˈsɛkʃuəl ækˈtɪvɪti. ˈʤərnəl əv ˈmɛrɪʤ ənd ˈfæməli, 61 ˈwaɪnˌstin, ɛm., ˈθɔrntən, ə. 1989 riˈleɪʃənz ənd ˌædəˈlɛsənt ˈsɛkʃuəl ˈætəˌtudz ənd bɪˈheɪvjər. dɪˈmɑgrəfi, 26 ˈwɪtˌbɛk, ɛl. bi., ˈkɔŋər, ɑr., keɪoʊ, ɛm. 1993 ðə ˈɪnfluəns əv pərˈɛntəl səˈpɔrt, dɪˈprɛst əˈfɛkt, ənd ˈsɛkʃuəl ɪkˈspɪriənsɪz əˈməŋ ˌædəˈlɛsənts. ˈʤərnəl əv ˈfæməli ˈɪʃuz, ˈwɪtˌbɛk, ɛl. bi., ˈsaɪmənz, ɑr., ˈgoʊldbərg i. 1996 ˌædəˈlɛsənt ˈsɛkʃuəl ˈɪnərˌkɔrs. ɪn ɑr. ˈsaɪmənz ənd əˈsoʊʃiˌeɪts (eds*.), ˌəndərˈstændɪŋ ˈdɪfərənsɪz bɪtˈwin dɪˈvɔrst ənd ˌɪnˈtækt ˈfæməliz: strɛs, ˌɪnərˈækʃən, ənd ʧaɪld ˈaʊtˌkəm, ˈθaʊzənd oʊks, ˈsiˈeɪ: seɪʤ. ˈwɪtˌbɛk, ɛl. bi., ˈjoʊdər, keɪ. ə., ˈkɔŋər, ɑr. di. 1999 ˈərli ˌædəˈlɛsənt ˈsɛkʃuəl ækˈtɪvɪti: ə dɪˌvɛləpˈmɛnəl ˈstədi. ˈʤərnəl əv ˈmɛrɪʤ ənd ˈfæməli, 61 wu, ɛl., ˈmɑrtɪnsən, bi. si. 1993 ˈfæməli ˈstrəkʧər ənd ðə rɪsk əv ə priˈmɛrətəl bərθ. əˈmɛrɪkən ˌsoʊsiəˈlɑʤɪkəl ˌrivˈju, 58 jəŋ, bi. 1860 ɪn ˈʤərnəl əv ˈdɪskɔrsɪz. ˈləndən: saints’*’ bʊk ˈdipoʊ.
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bruce a. chadwick, brent l. top, and richard j. mcclendon, “sexual purity,” in shield of faith: the power of religion in the lives of lds youth and young adults (provo, ut: religious studies center, brigham young university; salt lake city: deseret book, 2010), 186–218.
sexual purity
in the early days of the church of jesus christ of latter-day saints, the prophet joseph smith prophesied that members of the church “would receive more temptations, be more buffeted, and have greater difficulty” with sexual immorality than with any other single challenge (brigham young, 1860).
that prophecy is being fulfilled today. the so-called sexual revolution that started in the 1960s continues to impact society. young and old alike are bombarded with images of immodesty and immorality. youth are engaging in premarital sex at earlier and earlier ages. that which was once considered sacred, or at least private, is now spoken of casually and with little reverence. those who speak up for moral values and advocate chastity before marriage and fidelity within marriage are often put down as being provincial and unsophisticated.
unfortunately, many parents, school officials, and government leaders seem less concerned with the immorality of premarital sexual behavior than with the social ills that often come with it—teen pregnancies, abortion, and sexually transmitted diseases. although these are very serious and damaging ramifications of a sexually permissive society, there are yet other sobering consequences, such as the negative influence early premarital sexual activity has on the ability to form long-term relationships later in life (mcilhaney & bush, 2008).
numerous studies chronicle this pervasive culture of sexuality and the damaging effects of premarital sexual activity among teenagers and young adults. one study found that among 15-year-olds 13% of girls and 21% of boys have engaged in sexual intercourse (abma, martinez, mosher, & dawson, 2004). the percentages steadily increase with age, so that 70% of unmarried 19-year-old girls were sexually active. interestingly, fewer boys (65%) were sexually experienced at the same age.
a slight decrease in premarital sex was noted in the abma report during more recent years. the percent of sexually experienced teenage girls ages 15 to 19 dropped from 49% in 1997 to 46% in 2002. the decline was more significant for boys, dropping from 55% in 1997 to 46% in 2002. while this modest change is welcome news, parents should not hold out hope that the frequency of teen sex will diminish. the emphasis on sexuality in general society and in the media messages bombarding teenagers will ensure that their level of sexual activity will remain high (levin & kilbourne, 2008).
these frightening trends generate questions about how latter-day saint teens are faring in this morally polluted environment. what is their level of participation in premarital sexual activities? what are the factors that discourage teenage sex? what, if anything, can be done to help strengthen lds youth against the many influences that compromise personal purity? this chapter seeks to answer these questions.
our study compares the premarital sexual behavior of lds high school students to that of other youth in the united states. to provide meaningful information for parents, church leaders, and other adults, we tested the correlation between premarital sex among lds youth and the factors of friends, religion, and family. we used a structural equation model that included peer, family, and religious factors to test how these factors predicted premarital sexual behavior.
the influence of friends
peer pressure is the most significant predictor of delinquency, including early sexual activity. the extensive literature linking friends’ attitudes, examples, and pressure to sexual behavior is persuasive. miller and moore (1990) reviewed the literature of the antecedents of premarital sex among adolescents for the 1980s. based on seven studies, they concluded that peer influences were the most significant predictors of adolescent sexual behavior.
research in the 1990s continued to support the significance of friends’ influence in initiating (participating in for the first time) sexual behavior. for example, a study of 1,496 students attending ten private high schools scattered across the united states tested four competing theories of teen sexual activity (benda & diblasio, 1991). differential association theory, one of the four theories, focuses largely on peer pressure. this theory accounted for two-thirds of the variance in sexual activity among these young people. this variance is very high for social science research and provides powerful support for the importance of peers. interestingly, the authors suggested that future research should examine the effects of family characteristics on youths’ susceptibility to peer pressure for sexual involvement.
whitbeck, yoder, and conger (1993) attempted to unravel the relationship between peer and family influences on the premarital sexual activity of adolescent girls. panel data (collected from the same students at two different times) were obtained from a sample of 451 two-parent families with seventh-grade students attending schools in a midwestern state. the initial data were collected in 1989.
in addition to peer pressure, the study analyzed the influence of older sisters within four years of the respondents’ age. older sisters served as role models for a substantial number of girls. data on sexual activity was collected one year after the initial data collection concerning friends and sisters. the model revealed that friends’ sexual experience was the strongest predictor of girls’ sexual initiation. results also showed that girls with a sexually active older sister were more likely to engage in sexual activity and to respond to peer pressure to have sex.
in a later study, whitbeck, simons, and goldberg (1996) attempted to identify the processes whereby peer characteristics influence adolescent sexual behavior. they used information obtained from 499 girls in the iowa youth and families project and the iowa single parent project. they included association with deviant peers along with several family-related measures. they found that girls who associated with friends who were breaking the law, who had been arrested, who were fighting with their parents, or who were not doing well in school were significantly more likely to have initiated sexual activity. it appears that delinquent peers included premarital sex among their delinquent behaviors.
an ecological risk-factor model was tested by perkins, luster, villarruel, and small (1998). this model included factors in a youth’s family, neighborhood, school, and peer environments that put him or her at risk for engaging in sex. data was collected from a sample of over 15,000 youth ages 12 to 17 in a large midwestern state. the model included a three-item peer delinquency scale that asked if the teen’s closest friends drink, use drugs, and get into trouble at school. association with delinquent friends was the strongest predictor of sexual experience for both boys and girls.
whitbeck and his associates (1999) tested a multivariate model that included peer influences, family influences, and self-esteem to predict premarital sex. nearly 500 adolescents in the eighth and tenth grades participated in two panel studies. the initial wave of data was collected in 1989, and the second wave in 1993.
steady dating, a form of peer influence, increased the likelihood of having sexual intercourse by five times. this finding underscores prophetic counsel for youth to delay dating until age 16 and then to avoid steady dating. in addition, association with delinquent friends increased the chances of sexual activity by one and a half times. interestingly, general delinquency of friends was more significant than friends’ sexual activity.
in 1994, an interesting study interviewed 2,436 young people who were sexually inexperienced, and then these young people were interviewed again in 1996 (sieving, eisenberg, pettingell, & skay, 2006). those who had initiated sex during this two-year period between interviews were compared to those who had remained virgins. the strongest influences on engagement in premarital sex were sexually active peers and friends who approved, encouraged, and lauded sexual involvement. for example, 42% of those who had sex hung out with sexually active friends, while only 28% of the virgins had sexually involved friends.
we could add dozens of other studies supporting the importance of friends in the initiation of adolescent sexual activity. the few reviewed in this chapter merely illustrate the extensive literature documenting the importance of peers in understanding why teens engage in premarital sexual behavior.
recent studies have focused on a particularly pernicious type of extreme peer pressure—strong physical force. in such cases young women are literally forced to engage in sex. miller, monson, and norton (1995) found that nearly 10% of young women included in the 1987 national survey of children had been forced to have sex. significantly, they discovered that the girls who had been forced into sex had more permissive sexual attitudes and had engaged in voluntary sex at a younger age than those girls who had not been forced. this suggests that once initiated, even by force, the girls become more accepting of such behavior.
abma et al. (2004) analyzed data from the 2002 national survey of family growth. one-fourth of the girls under age 14 indicated that their first intercourse had been involuntary. about 10% of the 14- and 15-year-old girls and about 5% of the 16- to 18-year-old girls reported they had been forced to have sex.
the young women were also asked to rate from one to ten the “wantedness” (or desire) of their first intercourse. even among young women who had voluntary intercourse, about half rated the desire rather low (in the four-to-seven range) rather than in the upper end of the scale. they also found that the greater the age difference between the young girl and her partner, the higher the likelihood that force had been involved.
we suspect that lds girls, because of their religious values and training, are more hesitant to engage in sex and so are at risk of being forced at a rate higher than the national average. in addition, we observed that lds girls who date older non-lds young men are most likely at greater risk of being forced into having sex.
measuring peer pressure
based on this literature, we include five measures of peer influence in our model. first, we include the example of friends who have experienced sexual activity. these friends may not pressure the lds youth to have sex, but they serve as negative role models.
second, we included friends’ pressure to participate in premarital sex. this was the proportion of friends who encouraged, teased, and pressured the teen to have sexual activity.
the third measure of peer influence was friends’ pressure to engage in a range of light delinquent activities such as cheating on tests, smoking, drinking, and skipping school.
as noted earlier, some researchers have reported that peer pressure for general delinquency was more significant than pressure specifically focused on sex. we also included in the model the proportion of friends who were fellow members of the lds church. the rationale is that those with more lds friends receive lower levels of pressure to participate in sexual activity. hopefully the teens actually receive pressure from their lds friends to abstain from such behavior.
finally, given the finding by abma and her associates (2004) about coercion, we added whether or not lds teens reported that they had been forced to participate in sexual activities.
the influence of faith
cochran and beeghley (1991) reviewed a substantial number of studies testing the relationship between religion and premarital sexual behavior. they concluded that evidence of direct or indirect effects of religion and/or religiosity on nonmarital sexual attitudes and behavior can be found in more than 80 studies conducted during the past several decades (pp. 45–46). research conducted since this review has confirmed religion’s link to lower levels of premarital sexual behavior.
religious affiliation or preference has frequently been noted as a significant predictor of premarital sexuality. those youth belonging to, or identifying with, a religious denomination report lower rates of nonmarital sex than do the unchurched (beck, cole, & hammond, 1991; cooksey, rindfuss, & guilkey, 1996; brewster, cooksey, guildey, & rindfuss, 1998; smith & denton, 2005).
these same studies have noted that teenagers belonging to christian fundamentalist denominations participate in less premarital sex than do members of more liberal denominations (cooksey, rindfuss, & guilkey, 1996; brewster, cooksey, guildey, & rindfuss, 1998; smith & denton, 2005). this is not surprising, as fundamentalist denominations look upon unwed sexual activity as a much more serious sin than do liberal denominations.
beck, cole, and hammond (1991) analyzed data from the national longitudinal surveys of youth collected in 1979 and in 1983. they found that both young men and young women who belonged to pentecostal, mormon, and jehovah’s witnesses denominations had lower rates of premarital sex than members of mainstream denominations.
we did not test the relationship between denominational affiliation and premarital sex, because we collected data from lds youth only. if we had data from other denominations, we are confident that lds teens would have a lower rate, as church doctrine emphasizes that sex before marriage is a serious sin. in addition, to help lds youth avoid sexual participation at a young age, youth are encouraged to delay dating until they are 16 and even then to avoid steady dating. we do compare the rates of sexual behavior of lds students to national non-lds averages, a comparison which provides some evidence that lds youth are significantly less sexually active than their peers.
church attendance, or public religiosity, has been found to be a strong predictor of premarital sex among teenagers (studer & thornton, 1987; thornton & camburn, 1989; miller & moore, 1990; peterson & donnenwerth, 1997). attendance at religious services is assumed to be an indicator of the importance of religion in a teenager’s life and thus is associated with lower premarital sexuality.
day (1992) analyzed data from the national longitudinal survey of labor market experience of youth, which was collected in 1979. this sample included over 12,000 white, black, and hispanic teens. the model revealed that attendance at church was a significant predictor of lower premarital sex for all three samples of young women and for white young men. perkins et al. (1998) discovered among a large sample of 15,000 adolescents living in a large midwestern state that attendance at church services, along with involvement in church activities and feelings of the importance of religion, was related to lack of sexual experience among white, black, and hispanic teenagers.
private religiosity, as indicated by personal prayer and feeling that religion is important, is also a significant predictor of lower initiation of sexual activity. schroeder (1997) analyzed data from the 12,000 teens in the 1994–95 national study of adolescent health. he found that those young men and women who reported that they prayed often and that religion was important to them were less likely to engage in premarital sexual behavior.
similar results linking private religiosity to delayed sexual behavior from the same data set were reported by resnick et al. (1997). they combined affiliation, frequency of prayer, and a religious self-perception into a variable they labeled “religious identity,” and they found that it was significantly related to a higher age of sexual debut.
the national survey of youth and religion collected data from a national sample of nearly 3,300 youth ages 13 to 17 (smith & denton, 2005). they grouped the youth into four groups according to their religiosity: devoted, regular, sporadic, and disengaged. the sexual attitudes and behaviors of these four groups were compared. the results revealed that religion had a powerful relationship to premarital sexuality. for example, 95% of the devoted teens plan on saving sex for marriage as compared to only 24% of the disengaged. among the devoted teens, 18% had participated in petting, compared to 43% of the sporadic and disengaged teens. finally, only 9% of the devoted teens had engaged in sexual intercourse as compared to 23% of the sporadic and 26% of the disengaged.
the authors noted that “again, we see across a variety of sexual outcome measures noticeable correlations between the degree of teen religious seriousness and cautious teen sexual attitudes and behaviors” (smith & denton, 2005, p. 235).
measuring religiosity
appendix a describes in detail the methodology for data collection and the kinds of questions that were included in the extensive questionnaire that was used in our study.
as seen in appendix b, we examined five dimensions of religiosity in the statistical model predicting premarital sexual behavior. they are (1) religious beliefs, (2) public religiosity (church attendance), (3) importance of religion, (4) family religious activities (family prayer, home evening, and scripture reading), and (5) acceptance in their ward by leaders and ward members.
the influence of family
family structure has frequently been linked to early sexual behavior of teenagers. most of the studies have focused on single-parent families. the argument is that a single parent has less time and energy than two parents to devote to monitoring teens’ behavior. consequently, teens living in single-parent families have more opportunities for sexual exploration. a second argument is that the single parent may be involved in a dating relationship and thus may be a role model of permissive sexual attitudes and behavior.
miller and moore (1990), in their review of the research from the 1980s, concluded that “adolescents—daughters in particular—from single-parent families are more likely to begin sexual intercourse at younger ages than their peers from two-parent families” (p. 1028).
additional support for family structure as an influence on sexual activity has been found in a large number of studies, such as hayes (1987), newcomer and udry (1984), forste and heaton (1988), miller and bingham (1989), flewelling and bauman (1990), day (1992), feldman and brown (1993), small and luster (1994), and upchurch et al. (1999).
related research has also revealed that youth living with stepparents exhibit greater premarital sexual behavior than children in two-parent families, but less than youth in single-parent families (rodgers, 1983; thornton & camburn, 1987; miller & bingham, 1989).
interestingly, capaldi, crosby, and toolmiller (1996) examined “parental transitions” rather than single versus two-parent families. a teenager living with a single parent because of a divorce was scored “one transition,” while living with a stepparent following divorce was scored as “two transitions.” higher transition scores were assigned to teens whose parents had experienced multiple divorces and remarriages. they found that the greater the number of transitions, the more frequent the premarital sexual activity of the teenagers.
limited support has linked maternal employment to early sexual activity among teenagers. ku, sonenstein, and pleck (1993) found among 1,880 young men in the national survey of adolescent males that those without a mother present in the home during the day had experienced sexual intercourse at an earlier age than those with a stay-at-home mother.
brewster, billy, and grady (1993, 1994) reported that adolescent sexual activity was higher in neighborhoods where a relatively high percentage of women worked full time. they concluded that adolescents lack adequate adult supervision in such neighborhoods and thus are freer to engage in sexual activity.
on the other hand, thornton and camburn (1987) found that neither part- nor full-time employment of mothers was related to premarital sexual behavior. although previous results have been inconsistent, we include maternal employment in our model.
three parent-teenager relationships have been linked to early sexuality among adolescents. the first is the feeling of closeness or connection between parents and their teenage children. the second is regulation—the degree to which parents set rules of conduct for teens, monitor their compliance, and discipline disobedience. the third process is the use of psychological control over adolescents rather than encouraging them to develop their own psychological autonomy.
weinstein and thornton (1989) reported that children who had a close relationship (connection) with their parents adopted attitudes similar to their parents’ and thus engaged in sexual behavior less frequently than children who did not have a close relationship with their parents. resnick et al. (1997) analyzed the national longitudinal study of adolescent health, which included data from over 12,000 youth in the seventh through ninth grades. they reported that family connection was protective against early sexual behavior.
whitbeck, conger, and kao (1993) found by using panel data that parental support (connection) was indirectly related to later sexual activity through a “depressing affect.” a strained relationship between parents and teens was linked to depression, which in turn influenced the teens’ sexual activity and their likelihood to have sexually active friends.
feldman and brown (1993) also analyzed panel data to test whether self-restraint was a mediating variable between family closeness (connection) and lower sexual activity. they found that connection was both directly linked to lower sexual behavior and indirectly through self-restraint. in the latter, distance between parents and teen led to lack of self-restraint, which in turn led to sexual initiation.
family regulation includes setting family rules, monitoring teens’ compliance to them, and disciplining when appropriate, and has been found to be associated with lower adolescent sexual activity. moore, peterson, and furstenberg (1986) analyzed the national survey of children, which was collected in 1976. they discovered that adolescents whose parents knew their teenage children’s friends had a lower rate of sexual behavior. wu and martin (1993) noted among young men studied in the national survey of adolescent males that strict family rules were related to delayed sexual activity. hovell et al. (1994) found that family rules governing dating were associated with lower sexual behavior.
interestingly, small and kerns (1993) discovered that youth whose parents failed to monitor their behavior were more often recipients of unwanted sexual attention. studies by small and luster (1994) and miller, forehand, and kotchick (1999) reported that parental monitoring of adolescents’ activities was related to lower sexual activity.
harris et al. (2006) studied the relationship between assets, including positive role models, family communication, school connection, constructive use of time, and aspirations for the future to sexual experience. they interviewed over 1,000 parent/teenager pairs in two midwestern cities. they discovered that youth with parental supervision were less likely to have engaged in sexual behavior.
in addition, a self-care youth’s sexual experience was significantly reduced by access to these assets, especially supervision by adults. overall, the evidence suggests rather strongly that parental regulation of teens’ behavior is an important deterrent to early sexual initiation.
a growing literature emphasizes the importance of adolescents developing psychological autonomy from their parents in the process of becoming competent adults (barber, olsen, & shagle, 1994). autonomy fosters teens’ confidence in their own ideas, feelings, and perceptions. this in turn enables them to make more rational decisions about their sexuality. small and kerns (1993) found that psychological overcontrol (lack of autonomy) by parents was associated with greater unwanted sexual contact. upchurch, aneshensel, sucoff, and levy-storms (1999) also found that youth who experienced excessive psychological control from their parents were at greater risk of sexual activity.
measuring family factors
based on this literature, we included family structure, maternal employment, parental connection, parental regulation, and parental granting of psychological autonomy to their teens in the model predicting premarital sexual behavior. the theoretical model predicting premarital sex that was tested in our study is presented in figure 1. as can be seen, we included several measures of friends’ influence, religiosity, and family factors that competed to explain premarital sexual behavior. family factors were placed in the model so as to test both direct and indirect effects on the teens’ sexual activity.
many of the studies observed different causes of sexual activity among young women as compared to young men. for example, rodgers (1999) noted that family processes seem to impact girls more than boys. therefore, we tested the model for young men and young women separately.
the data collection procedures and the response rates for the various samples are reported in appendix a. in addition to the questionnaire that was completed by thousands of lds youth, we interviewed 50 young women in utah county who were under the age of 20 and who had given birth to a baby out of wedlock.
this source of data provides a unique and interesting perspective. researchers are very concerned about the validity, or truthfulness, of answers from teens in a questionnaire about their sexual experiences. the birth of a child prior to marriage was adequate evidence that these young women were sexually experienced before they married. these interviews provide valuable insights into the sexual initiation of lds young women.
measuring premarital sexual behaviors
premarital sexual activity was measured by asking the students if they had ever read pornographic materials, watched pornographic movies or videos, participated in heavy petting, or engaged in sexual intercourse. those who indicated yes to any of these activities were asked how often they had ever done so. since lds youth have rather low rates of these sexual behaviors, it was necessary to ask if they had ever engaged in the activities rather than if they had done so during the previous year.
at the time we were studying these lds youth, internet pornography had yet to appear, and pornography was primarily confined to books, magazines, movies, and videos. thus we did not include a question about exposure to this pervasive source of pornography. since pornography was not included as part of the measure of sexual behavior, and since it is such a visible force in society, we included it in the model as an independent variable predicting sexual behavior.
the factor analysis also revealed a problem with teens’ relationships with their mothers and fathers. the teens’ reports of their connection with parents, the regulation of parents, and parents granting of psychological autonomy were almost identical. when both parents’ data were included, the model would not specify or calculate. to eliminate this problem, we used only the mothers’ connection, regulation, and granting of autonomy in the model predicting premarital sex.
frequency of premarital sex
the percent of lds high school students who have ever had sexual intercourse is compared to the percent of high school students examined in a very large national study in table 1. the influence of affiliation in the lds church, with its unique moral values, is readily apparent in the substantially lower rates of premarital sexual behavior for both young men and young women. the national rate for young men in 1995, which is most comparable to the lds youth, is six times larger than the rate for lds young men. the gap is not as large for young women, but the lds rate is still four times lower than that among the young women in the national sample. it should be noted that the national sample includes some 19-year-olds, which probably inflates its rate a little. nevertheless, the differences are amazing.
the lds seniors and the 18-year-olds in the national sample are a very dramatic contrast. the percentages are greatly different—11% versus 58% for boys and 19% versus 59% for young women. interestingly, 2002 is the first year that a higher percentage of young women than young men are shown to be sexually experienced in a sizable national sample.
the greater sexual experience of women as compared to men appeared among the lds students much earlier. at the time of our study, we speculated that some lds young women were frequently dating older nonmember men who were sexually experienced. thus, lds young women were at greater risk of being allured into sexual behavior than lds young men. while this is an interesting trend, the important point made in the table is the powerful influence of religious affiliation in reducing teenage sexual activity.
the frequencies of specific sexual activities—heavy petting, and intercourse—are presented in table 2. about 20% of the lds high school students have participated in heavy petting but have not had intercourse. only 8% of the boys and 10% of the girls had participated in sexual intercourse. in all cases, those who had experienced intercourse had first engaged in petting.
bivariate correlations with premarital sex
a bivariate correlation measures the relationship between one variable, such as peer pressure, and premarital sex, while holding all the other variables constant. the bivariate correlations between the various personal, peer, religious, and family factors with premarital sex are presented in table 3. not surprisingly, pressure from friends to engage in sex produced the strongest bivariate correlation with sex for both young men and young women.
having friends who are sexually active also strongly correlated with sexual activity. for the young women, being forced to have sex was strongly related to premarital sex. not surprisingly, among young men, sexual coercion was a relatively unimportant factor.
the proportion of friends who were lds was only weakly related to premarital sex. this relationship was expected to be stronger, because it is assumed that lds friends do not pressure the youth as often to have sex as non-lds friends do. this finding suggests that it is not the religious affiliation of friends that is important; rather it is the moral values of friends.
both participation in light deviance and exposure to pornography were strongly related to premarital sex. those youth who were smoking, drinking, and skipping school probably had adopted a “hedonistic” or thrill-seeking lifestyle that included sexual activity. in addition, they seemed to be in rebellion against parents, school officials, and church leaders. as for pornography, it is suspected that it heightens sexual arousal and thus enhances motivation for sex.
all the dimensions of religiosity except acceptance in their congregation were inversely related to premarital sex. the correlations all have a minus sign, which means that the higher the religiosity, the lower the probability of engaging in sex. the correlation between the importance of religion and sexual activity is strong for both young men and young women. public religiosity (attendance) is also strongly related to such behavior. family religious activity has a modest relationship to the sexual activity of teenagers. however, family structure is significantly related to sexual behavior, as youth living in single-parent families were more sexually experienced. a similar modest relationship was observed between a mother’s employment and sexual activity.
family structure and maternal employment produced weak but significant relationships with initiation of sex for both young men and young women. among the parent/teenager relationships, mothers’ regulation had the strongest relationship to premarital sex. the correlations for both young women and young men were the same. those parents who set rules, observed compliance, and disciplined when appropriate had children who engaged in sex less often as compared to children raised in families with limited regulation.
parents’ granting psychological autonomy was not related to premarital sexual behavior. this finding was somewhat anticipated, as early studies had reported that lack of autonomy is more often related to internal states of mind, such as depression and thoughts of suicide as contrasted to behavior (barber et al., 1994).
model predicting premarital sexual behaviors
the structural model indicates the strength of the relationships between the predictor variables and premarital sexual behavior. the results for the young men are presented in figure 2. one indicator from each of the four domains of peer influences, personal characteristics, religiosity, and family emerged as significant predictors in the trimmed model.
as anticipated, peer pressure for boys to engage in premarital sex was by far the strongest predictor of such behavior. unfortunately, we do not know how much of the peer pressure to have sex came from other young men and how much came from young women. it is suspected that most of the pressure came from male friends, but it is likely that some pressure came from the girls with whom the boys associated and perhaps dated.
public religious behavior has a significant inverse relationship to premarital sex. thus, the more often young men attended church and participated in religious activities, the less likely they had initiated sex. in the earlier chapter on delinquency, the importance of religion in a boy’s private life made a stronger contribution than did church attendance. perhaps the social support against premarital sex obtained in church meetings, as well as the association with adult leaders and other young people with similar values and behavior, was more important in explaining participation in premarital sex than were religious feelings. it is suspected that as youth started to participate in inappropriate sexual behaviors they withdrew from church fellowship.
as we all know, pornography has become more readily available to teens in high school. access to the internet places hardcore pornography into the hands of youth. in addition to the internet, youth have ready access to soft pornography in videos and movies on cable or satellite. it appears that lds young men struggling to understand and cope with hormonal changes of puberty are sexually aroused by pornography to participate in activities contrary to their values and behavioral intentions.
in our study, none of the family characteristics had a direct relationship to premarital sexual behavior. but mothers’ regulation of their sons’ behavior had a fairly strong indirect link to sex through the other three factors in the model. regulation, as explained earlier, involves parents setting family rules, monitoring compliance to the rules, and disciplining noncompliance. also, mothers’ regulation represents both mothers’ and fathers’ regulation of their teenage children.
the strongest indirect effect of mothers’ regulation flows through peer pressure. the more that mothers regulated their teens’ behavior, the lower the impact of peer pressure in the teens’ lives. mothers’ regulation probably influenced the selection of friends as well as their teens’ ability to resist peer pressure. mothers’ regulation also had a strong indirect effect on sexual activity through exposure to pornography. it is pretty obvious how a mother monitoring internet use reduces access to porn. finally, mothers’ regulation had a modest indirect impact of their children’s sexual activity through public religious behavior. in this case, teens whose mothers encouraged and monitored their church attendance were less likely to have initiated sexual behavior.
these four factors explained 58% of the variance in premarital sexual activity among lds young men. this means that over half of the sexual activity of these boys is accounted for by these four variables. friends were a powerful social influence in the lives of young men and pressured some of them to participate in premarital sex. on the other hand, faith, as represented by church attendance, was a social influence against early sexual activity. participation in pornography had an obvious impact on such behavior. finally, parents’ regulation of their teenage sons did have a strong indirect effect through peer pressure, church attendance, and exposure of pornography.
the trimmed model predicting premarital sexual activity among lds young women is presented in figure 3. the model is very similar to that for young men, with the exception that pornography dropped out of the model. the results make it clear that young women initiate sexual behavior as a consequence of external pressures rather than personal desires.
comments from three sexually active lds young women illustrate the influence of pressure. when asked, “why did you engage in sex for the first time?” they replied:
i had a boyfriend who pressured it on me a lot. and i thought, “well, maybe i should.” i wasn’t thinking right. i don’t know. and one night i thought, “well, maybe i want to do this.” but i didn’t really want to. but he wouldn’t stop. he just kept doing it. i was like, “no,” but he just kept doing it.
’cause everyone else was doing it. i think that is why i did it. everyone was like, “i have, i have!” it was just like at that moment, i said, “okay.” it wasn’t like i even thought about it.
it was when i was fifteen. really i just felt pressure. mostly pressure. i just went to a friend’s house, and she was having a party. and i was left alone with this guy, and one thing kind of led to another.
the last comment illustrates the casualness of some of the young women’s first sexual activity. this young woman was pressured into having sex by “this guy” she was not even dating.
involvement in church activities had a modest inhibiting effect. as with the young men, it was public religious behavior rather than private religious behavior that was most significant to delayed sexual initiation. this is not to say that personal beliefs, prayer, and scripture reading were not important. but in the multivariate model, church attendance emerged as a stronger predictor. typical comments about church activities from the unwed mothers revealed that such behavior declined before the initiation of sex:
i was really active in the church until my folks divorced. my dad was in the bishopric. i haven’t been since they broke up. but i still pray every day and think and talk about the church with people. i just don’t go to church.
my mom always forced me to go to church. we’re lds. i was baptized and all that. but my mom got sick of fighting me, so that after maybe age twelve, i just stopped going very often.
i grew up mormon, and i don’t consider myself mormon right now. i think i started trying to figure out what i believed around thirteen or fourteen. that also had a lot to do with my parents being pretty strong mormons. i’ve always prayed. i have my personal beliefs. i don’t really believe in an organized religion.
mothers’ regulation has a strong indirect effect on the daughters’ sexual behavior through both peer pressure and church attendance. this is somewhat smaller than that for the young men. the lack of parental regulation and the inconsistency between mother and father are illustrated in the following comments:
the rules depended on the mood they were in. sometimes they’d come up with this rule: “now you have to be home at eight on a school night.” that never worked. “you have got to have the house clean before you leave.” that never worked. my mother could never stick to the rules.
they tried to have a lot of rules. but after a while they just gave up. ’cause i’d never follow them. they tried. everything i’d do, they’d come up with a new rule. they finally just gave up. my dad would try to ground me, and i’d just fight it. i’d get my mom, and it was kind of like they were two separate parents. i could get them to disagree, which helped me.
peer pressure, public religious behavior, and mothers’ regulation accounted for 72% of the variance in premarital sexual activity among lds young women. this means that nearly three-fourths of the sexual initiation of this sample of lds young women is accounted for by these three variables. lds young women engaged in sex because their friends pressured them. this pressure came from young men they were dating, from those they were associating with, and even from their girlfriends.
as noted earlier, the interviews with the young unwed mothers shed some interesting insights about the power of external pressure to engage in sex. the reasons they gave in response to the question of why they had sex for the first time are presented in table 4 and illustrate their susceptibility to forces they faced.
when asked why they had sex the first time, half of the unwed mothers replied, “i don’t know.” when pressed by the interviewer for a more insightful answer, they very emphatically replied, “i don’t know!” two young women expressed this lack of understanding.
i don’t know! it just happened! i didn’t really at the time . . . like, i always told myself that i wouldn’t do it until i was married. and one night it just happened. it was almost like i did not care anymore, i guess. we just did it.
i became sexually active when i was sixteen. i don’t know why. just all of a sudden i decided. i don’t even know why myself. a lot of guys had wanted to, and i always said no. and then all of a sudden i just did it.
it is remarkable that half of these young women initiated sexual activity, which has had such a drastic consequence in their lives, for reasons they do not understand.
it is obvious from these two comments that many of the girls who did not understand why they became involved in intimacy were pressured by boyfriends. an additional 25% clearly reported that they had been coerced to have sex, or in other words, they were raped. the young women made it clear that they were not just encouraged by their partners, but that they were strongly pressured into sex.
a substantial number of girls, 17%, engaged in sex for the first time because they wanted to feel accepted or to have a boyfriend. pipher (1994), a clinical psychologist, argued that american culture poisons young women’s feelings about themselves so that their only source of self-worth is attachment to a boyfriend. the powerful self-conformation that they hoped to gain from having a boyfriend was evident in their comments.
i don’t have really low self-esteem, but probably the feeling of having a man, like the relationship or whatever, not wanting him to leave me. so i thought that by giving him some sort of pleasure maybe he would stay around longer. i don’t know how to explain it, but probably for security reasons i guess. if that makes any sense.
i like being with someone. you know, someone just to be with, to hold hands. and it was just a cool thing, “i have a boyfriend.” especially if he is cute and popular. it’s like “i’m dating so and so, and this is a cool thing.” my first boyfriend was a cowboy; he rode bulls. that was real cool. i like the attention of a guy. i like getting attention from guys, because i never had any male give me attention in my home because i did not have a dad. it was just attention from guys that i like that made me have sex.
feeling accepted. that is why i did it. that’s always been important to me. i always wanted to feel accepted by boys.
sadly, these lds girls confused sex with affection, acceptance, and belonging. they felt that giving a boy sex would somehow create a lasting relationship with him. unfortunately, the girls discovered that the enduring relationships they sought did not materialize from their sexual generosity.
the final 10% of the unwed mothers stated that they engaged in sex as a way to show their love to their partner. several stated their “love” for their boyfriend motivated them to give him this special gift. others reported that they were planning on marrying, and thus it was okay to have sex. finally, only one young woman reported that she participated in sex for the first time because she was sexually aroused to the point that she wanted to engage in sexual relations.
among these 45 lds unwed mothers, all but one initiated sexual activity for reasons other than their own sexual feelings. these findings do not deny that young women have sexual desires, but that in making the decision to have sex for the first time, such feelings are relatively unimportant. most were pressured to participate, while others wanted acceptance and self-validation derived from having a boyfriend.
conclusion
this study reveals that initiation of sexual activity among lds youth is influenced by a variety of social, religious, and personal characteristics. the social influence of friends, not surprisingly, appears to be the strongest predictor of lds youths’ participation in premarital sex. although not as powerful as peer influences, religion does have a direct effect. the multivariate analysis suggests that significant religious effect is more a social effect than a strictly personal or spiritual effect.
however, the correlations do indeed show a strong inverse relationship between the different dimensions of religiosity and involvement in premarital sex. as a result, we can conclude that the more religious an lds teenager is, the less likely that he or she will engage in immoral behaviors.
finally, although parents’ behavior does not have a direct relationship to the sexual behavior of their teenagers, parents do have a strong indirect effect on such behavior. thus parents can affect the choice of their adolescent children’s friends and positively influence their religious activity and spiritual development.
the major implications for parents from the analysis in this chapter appears to fall into three main areas. first, there is a need for parents, both mothers and fathers, to be actively involved in their teens’ lives by what the literature refers to as “family regulation.” this involves setting family rules, such as how late the teens can stay out at night; when, who, and where they can date; and how much they can be alone with members of the opposite sex. equally important, parents need to monitor their teens’ compliance to family rules. sometimes a casual word with a teacher or parent of a friend about how things are going with the son or daughter and his or her friends will produce revelations about obedience to family rules. when rules are violated, parents must step forward and discipline their teens. this practice is sometimes hard for parents to do, but as our study discovered, teens expect appropriate discipline and feel unloved when it is neglected.
the second major implication for parents is that they should do all they can to involve their teens with friends and peers who share similar values and standards. granted, teens have their own criteria for picking friends, but parents can create conditions that maximize the selection of good ones. parents can encourage their teens to participate in extracurricular activities, such as debate, chess club, band, and other clubs or organizations. generally, such participation will surround a teen with potential friends who have shared values.
lastly, the power of religiosity cannot be overlooked. parents can strengthen their children and minimize the negative effects of peer pressure by creating a home environment where youth can not only learn gospel principles but also feel the spirit in their lives. family religiosity is strengthened through activities such as prayer, scripture study, and family home evening.
while it is indeed daunting to raise righteous and responsible teenagers in these challenging times, it is not impossible. although there were some disturbing findings in our study, latter-day saint youth generally are far less involved in immoral activities than their non-lds peers, and faith and family will continue to be powerful influences for good.
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ə faɪər həz rɪpt θru ə bɑrn æt ə fɑrm ɪn ðə ˈjuˈɛs steɪt əv nu ˈʤərzi ˈkɪlɪŋ 22 ʃoʊ ˈhɔrsɪz, iʧ wərθ tɛnz əv ˈθaʊzənz əv ˈdɔlərz. ðə faɪər dɪˈstrɔɪd ðə bɑrn æt ˈhɛrɪtɪʤ ˈeɪkərz fɑrm ɪn ˌlɑfiˈɛt ˈərli ɔn ˈsæˌtɪˌdeɪ, ˈkɪlɪŋ ðə ˈænəməlz ˌɪnˈsaɪd. fɑrm ˈoʊnər ˈbɛti hɑn toʊld ðə stɑr ˈlɛʤər ˈnuzˌpeɪpər ðət ðə ˈhɔrsɪz hæd əˈpɪrd ɪn ʃoʊz əˈkrɔs ðə ˈriʤən. "əm soʊ nəm ənd soʊ hərt ðət aɪ kænt kraɪ. ɪt wʊd ˈprɑbəˌbli fil ˈbɛtər ɪf aɪ kʊd," ʃi sɛd. ʃi toʊld ðə ˈpeɪpər ðət ðə ˈbɪldɪŋ wɑz nɑt ˌɪnˈʃʊrd, ənd sɛd ʃi wʊd ˈprɑbəˌbli naʊ sɛl ðə ˈprɑpərti. steɪt pəˈlis ˈsɑrʤənt braɪən pəˈlaɪt sɛd ðə bɑrn wɑz ɪnˈgəlft ɪn fleɪmz wɪn ˈimərʤənsi kruz əraɪvd æt əˈbaʊt gmt*). hi sɛd ðə faɪər wɑz kˈwɪkli pʊt aʊt, bət ɔl əv ðə ˈhɔrsɪz ˌɪnˈsaɪd wər kɪld. ˌɪnˈvɛstəˌgeɪtərz ər naʊ traɪɪŋ tɪ faɪnd aʊt haʊ ðə faɪər ˈstɑrtɪd, bət pəˈlis kˈwoʊtɪd ɪn ˈloʊkəl ˈmidiə sɛd ɪt əˈpɪrd tɪ bi ən ˈæksədənt.
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a fire has ripped through a barn at a farm in the us state of new jersey killing 22 show horses, each worth tens of thousands of dollars.
the fire destroyed the barn at heritage acres farm in lafayette early on saturday, killing the animals inside.
farm owner betty hahn told the star ledger newspaper that the horses had appeared in shows across the region.
"i'm so numb and so hurt that i can't cry. it would probably feel better if i could," she said.
she told the paper that the building was not insured, and said she would probably now sell the property.
state police sgt brian polite said the barn was engulfed in flames when emergency crews arrived at about 02:00 (07:00t).
he said the fire was quickly put out, but all of the horses inside were killed.
investigators are now trying to find out how the fire started, but police quoted in local media said it appeared to be an accident.
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əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ˈæləks əv fɑks spɔrts, ðə ˈklivlənd braʊnz hæv ən ˈɪntəˌrɛst ɪn ʧæn ˈgeɪli ˈfɪlɪŋ ðɛr ˈveɪkənt əˈfɛnsɪv koʊˈɔrdəˌneɪtər pəˈzɪʃən: sɔrs tɛlz ðət ʧæn ˈgeɪli ɔn @braʊnz ˈreɪˌdɑr ɛz pəˈtɛnʃəl oc*. ʤɔɪnz mɑrk trestman*, æl ˈsɔndərz ʤɑn ɛz ˈkænədɪts ˈæləks (@alexmarvez*) ˈʤænjuˌɛri 12 2015 ˈgeɪli ənd @braʊnz reɪ ˈfɑrmər ˈɔlsoʊ wər təˈgɛðər ɪn ˈkænzəs ˈsɪti ɪn 2008 soʊ reɪ kən spik tɪ ʧænz əˈbɪləˌti first-hand*. ˈæləks (@alexmarvez*) ˈʤænjuˌɛri 12 2015 ˈgeɪli həz ə lɔŋ ˈkoʊʧɪŋ ˈbækˌgraʊnd, bət moʊst ˈrisəntli, hi wɑz ðə hɛd koʊʧ əv ðə ˈbəfəˌloʊ bɪlz frəm 2010 tɪ 2012 hi wɛnt ə ˈmigər ɛz ðə bɪlz' hɛd koʊʧ. aɪ woʊnt prəˈfɛs tɪ bi ən ˈɛkspərt əv əˈfɛns, bət hi wʊd rɪˈpɔrtədli meɪnˈteɪn ðə skim ənd ˈɪmpləmənt ðə sprɛd əˈfɛns. hi həz bɪn aʊt əv ðə lig fər tu jɪrz, ðoʊ, soʊ hid hæv ə ˈlɪtəl bɪt əv ˈkæʧɪŋ əp tɪ du. ˈɔlsoʊ, doʊnt bi səˈpraɪzd ɪf wən əv ðə ˈkænədɪts ðə braʊnz ˈɪntərvˌjuz fər ðɛr əˈfɛnsɪv koʊˈɔrdəˌneɪtər pəˈzɪʃən ɛndz əp bɪˈkəmɪŋ ðɛr kˈwɔrtərˌbæks koʊʧ. aɪ ˈspɛkjəˌleɪtɪd ðət əˈbaʊt mæt ˈkævənɔ læst wik, ənd meɪd ðə seɪm pɔɪnt wɪθ ʤɑn dɪfiˈlipoʊ.
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according to alex marvez of fox sports, the cleveland browns have an interest in chan gailey filling their vacant offensive coordinator position:
source tells @nflonfox that chan gailey on @browns radar as potential oc. joins marc trestman, al saunders & john defillipo as candidates — alex marvez (@alexmarvez) january 12, 2015
gailey and @browns gm ray farmer also were together in kansas city in 2008 so ray can speak to chan's ability first-hand. — alex marvez (@alexmarvez) january 12, 2015
gailey has a long coaching background, but most recently, he was the head coach of the buffalo bills from 2010 to 2012. he went a meager 16-32 as the bills' head coach. i won't profess to be an expert of gailey's offense, but he would reportedly maintain the zone-blocking scheme and implement the spread offense. he has been out of the league for two years, though, so he'd have a little bit of catching up to do.
also, don't be surprised if one of the candidates the browns interviews for their offensive coordinator position ends up becoming their quarterbacks coach. i speculated that about matt cavanaugh last week, and marvez made the same point with john defilippo.
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haʊ dɪz ɪt goʊ? "ə lɔŋ taɪm əˈgoʊ, ɪn ə ˈgæləksi fɑr əˈweɪ...." ˈgrænɪd sprɪnt ˈɪzənt ə ˈgæləksi fɑr əˈweɪ bət ɪts bɪn səm taɪm sɪns wiv sin ə ˈwɪndoʊz foʊn ˈsɪtɪŋ ɪn ðə ˈwaɪrlɪs ˈkəmpəniz ˈlaɪˌnəp. wɪn sprɪnt drɑpt ðə əraɪv, ðɛr wər ˈɔlˌweɪz ˈrumərz ˈsərkjəˌleɪtɪŋ ɔn wət wʊd bi ðə sprɪnts nɛkst muv. ˈrumərd deɪts kɛpt ɔn ˈpæsɪŋ baɪ ənd ˈfaɪnəli ðə ˈlændɪd æt sprɪnt ɛz ðɛr fərst ˈwɪndoʊz foʊn 8 dɪˈvaɪs fər 2013 (ðə ˈsæmˌsəŋ ɛs ˈnioʊ ɪz du tɪ əraɪv ɪn ðə ˈkəmɪŋ wiks tɪ kip ɪt ˈkəmpəˌni). ðɛr wɑz ʤɔɪ ɪn əˈgɛn wɪθ ðə riˈlis əv ðə bət wʊd ɪt ˈsætɪsˌfaɪ ðə sprɪnt ˈkəstəmərz ˈjərnɪŋ fər ə nu ˈwɪndoʊz foʊn 8 ɪkˈspɪriəns? ðə meɪks ə ˈsɑləd fərst ˌɪmˈprɛʃən ənd ɪt ɪz ˈvɛri ˈsɪmələr (laɪk ə lɔŋ lɔst twɪn ˈbrəðər) tɪ. ðə ɪz ə kˈwɑləti ˈwɪndoʊz foʊn ɛz ɪz, bət ˈædɪd ə fju mɔr bɛlz ənd ˈwɪsəlz tɪ ðə tɪ gɪv ɪt ə ˈlɪtəl mɔr ˈgəˌstoʊ (ˈdætə sɛns, ˈkæmərə æp, slɑt,, ˌɛtˈsɛtərə.). ɪz ɪt ɪˈnəf tɪ rɪˈvaɪv ðə ˈwɪndoʊz foʊn ˈmɑrkɪt ˈoʊvər æt sprɪnt? jul hæv tɪ hɪt ðə breɪk tɪ si wət wi θɪŋk... ˈsɑləd bɪld kˈwɑləti, ˈdætə sɛns, kˈwɑləti ˈɑdiˌoʊ θru ənd, kɑrd slɑt ɪkˈspænʧən, ənd ən əˈpilɪŋ ˈkæmərə ðə ˈoʊnli ˈrɪli bæd θɪŋ əˈbaʊt ðə ɪz ðət ˈbætəri ˈkəvər ɪz təf tɪ riˈmuv tɪ ˈækˌsɛs ðə kɑrd slɑt. ˈəðər ðən ðət, ðɛr ɪz rum fər ˌɪmˈpruvmənt bət ˈnəθɪŋ ɪz tɪ ðə pɔɪnt əv biɪŋ ˈkrɪtɪkəl tɪ ðə ˈoʊvərˌɔl pərˈfɔrməns əv ðə. ˌɪnˈtərnəl ˈstɔrɪʤ meɪ bi tu loʊ fər ˈhɑrdˈkɔr ˈjuzərz. ɪts ˈizi tɪ kəmˈpɛr ðə sprɪnt tɪ ðə. ðeɪ ər kət frəm ðə seɪm klɔθ ənd ər boʊθ kˈwɑləti ˈwɪndoʊz foʊnz. waɪl ðə traɪz tɪ bɪld əˈpɑn ðə, ðɛr ɪz rum fər ˌɪmˈpruvmənt bət ˈnəθɪŋ ˌdɛtrəˈmɛnəl tɪ ðə ˈoʊvərˌɔl ɪkˈspɪriəns. ɪts strɛŋθ həz tɪ bi ðə ˈɑdiˌoʊ kˈwɑləti ənd ɪt kən hoʊld ɪts oʊn ɪn ˈəðər ˈɛriəz (ˈkæmərə pərˈfɔrməns, skrin kˈwɑləti, ˈbætəri laɪf, ˌɛtˈsɛtərə.). sprɪnt ˈkəstəmərz ʃʊd bi plizd wɪθ ðə. ðə dɪˈzaɪn ɪf juv ˈhændəld ðə, ðə ʃɛrz ðə seɪm fɪt ənd fil. ðɛr ər ə fju kɑzˈmɛtɪk ˈʧeɪnʤɪz tɪ gɪv ðə ə ˈlɪtəl mɔr ˌpɪˈzæz səʧ ɛz ðə ˈkələrd frənt ˈbətən ˈpænəl (ˈbɑˌroʊd frəm ðə 8s*) ənd ðə stil ˈkæmərə ˈhaʊzɪŋ. ðə ˈmɛʒərz ɛks ɛks 39 ˈɪnʧɪz ənd weɪz ɪn æt ˈaʊnsɪz ɛks 66 ɛks mm*, 140 græmz). ʤɪst ə ˈfrækʃən sˈmɔlər ənd ˈhɛviər ðən ðə ɛks ɛks 10.12mm*, 130 græmz). ðə ˈbətən leɪaʊt ɪz jʊr ˈbeɪsɪk ˈwɪndoʊz foʊn ˈpætərn wɪθ ðə paʊər ˈbətən əp tɔp wɪθ ðə ˈhɛdˌfoʊn ʤæk. əˈlɔŋ ðə raɪt saɪd ɪz jʊr ˈvɑljum ˈrɑkər ənd ˈkæmərə ˈbətən wɪθ ðə pɔrt æt ðə ˈbɑtəm əv ðə foʊn. ðə pɔrt ɪz raɪt əv ˈsɛnər æt ðə ˈbɑtəm əv ðə foʊn, ˈlaɪkli tɪ meɪk rum fər ðə duəl ˈspikərz. ju du hæv ə ˌnoʊtəfəˈkeɪʃən lɛd æt ðə tɔp əv ðə ðət lɛts ju noʊ ðə ˈʧɑrʤɪŋ ˈstætəs. wən ki dɪˈzaɪn ˈdɪfərəns wɪθ ðə ɪz ə rɪˈmuvəbəl ˈbætəri ˈkəvər. ɪn ˈθɪri ju ʃʊd bi ˈeɪbəl tɪ pʊʃ əp ɔn ðə bæk ənd riˈmuv ɪt tɪ ɪkˈspoʊz ðə ɛmˈbɛdɪd ˈbætəri, sɪm kɑrd ənd slɑt. aɪ seɪ "ɪn ˈθɪri" bɪˈkəz ɪt filz ɛz ɪf ðə ˈkəvər ɪz ˈwɛldɪd ˈɪntu pleɪs ənd ʃɔrt əv ˈbreɪkɪŋ aʊt ə ʤæk ˈhæmər, maɪ bæk ˈkəvər ˈɪzənt ˈbəʤɪŋ. wɛr ðə həz ðə ˈspikər ɔn ðə bæk əv ðə foʊn, ðə həz ə duəl ˈstɛriˌoʊ ˈspikər wɪθ. ðə bæk əv ðə ɪz sˈlaɪtli kərvd æt ðə ˈɛʤɪz tɪ gɪv ðə ˈwɪndoʊz foʊn ə ˈkəmfərtəbəl fɪt ɪn ðə hænd. ðə ˈfɪnɪʃ ɪz ə sˈlaɪtli ˈdɑrkər ʃeɪd əv blu ðən ðə ˌkæləˈfɔrnjə blu əv ðə bət ɪt həz ðə seɪm ˈrəbəri fil tɪ ɪt. ðə ˈfɪnɪʃ həz ə bɪt əv grɪp tɪ ɪt wɪʧ ɪz ˈnɛvər ə bæd θɪŋ. həz dɪˈzaɪnd səm ɪkˈsɛpʃənəli nis ˈwɪndoʊz foʊnz ɪn ðə pæst ənd waɪl ðə ʃɛrz ˌsɪməˈlɛrətiz wɪθ ðə, moʊst wɪl faɪnd ðə dɪˈzaɪn, fil ənd bɪld kˈwɑləti əˈpilɪŋ. ˈəndər ðə hʊd ðə ɪz paʊərd baɪ ən 1800 mɑ ˈbætəri ənd ɪz ˈdrɪvən baɪ ə duəl kɔr sˈnæpˌdrægən ˈprɑˌsɛsər ðət muvz θɪŋz əˈlɔŋ ˈrəðər ˈnaɪsli. ðə ɪz ˈfɪtɪd wɪθ əv ræm ənd əv ˌɪnˈtərnəl ˈstɔrɪʤ. ɪt wʊd hæv bɪn nis tɪ hæv sin fɪt ðə wɪθ əv ˈstɔrɪʤ bət wɪθ ðə kɑrd ɪkˈspænʧən ənd ɛz ən ˈɔpʃən, meɪ bi ˌoʊˈkeɪ fər laɪt ˈjuzərz. ˈəðər ˈfiʧərz ˈəndər ðə hʊd ɔn ðə ˌɪnˈkludz ə ˈdɪʤɪtəl ˈkəmpəs, ˈgipiˈɛs, ˈbluˌtuθ ˈwaɪˌfaɪ ənd səˈpɔrt. ðə dɪˈspleɪ ðə sprɪnt həz ə ˈsupər dɪˈspleɪ prəˈtɛktɪd baɪ ˈkɔrnɪŋ gərˈɪlə glæs 2 ðə skrin ɪz ˈnaɪsli rɪˈspɑnsɪv tɪ ðə təʧ ənd fər ðə moʊst pɑrt ɪt ɪz ə ˈsɑləd ˈlʊkɪŋ dɪˈspleɪ. ˈkələrz ər ˈvaɪbrənt wɪθ ə bɪt əv ˈkɑntræst. æt taɪmz ðoʊ, ðə skrin simd ə ˈlɪtəl ɔn ðə dɪm saɪd ɛz ɪf ðə laɪt ˈsɛnsər wɑz ˈteɪkɪŋ ə næp ənd fərˈgɑt tɪ ˈbraɪtən θɪŋz əp. ɪts nɑt ən ˈɪʃu tɪ haɪd ðə ˈwɪmən ənd ˈʧɪldrən frəm bət ɪt ɪz ˈnoʊtəsəbəl. ˈaʊtˈdɔrz... noʊ ril kəmˈpleɪnts ɔn ðə dɪˈspleɪ kˈwɑləti. ðə pərˈfɔrmz ɔn pɑr wɪθ ˈəðər ˈwɪndoʊz foʊnz wɪn juzd ˈaʊtˈdɔrz, ðoʊ ˈnoʊkiə stɪl gɪts ðə ɛʤ wɪθ ðɛr ˈsənˌlaɪt ˌridəˈbɪlɪti ˈfiʧər. ɔl ˈtoʊtəld, ðə skrin əv ðə pərˈfɔrmd ˈædmərəbli. ðə ˈsɔfˌwɛr əˈlɔŋ wɪθ ˈwɪndoʊz foʊn 8 2 (ˈvərʒən ˌɪnˈstɔld) ðə həz tu sprɪnt æps (sprɪnt mˈjuzɪk pləs ənd sprɪnt ˌtɛləˈvɪʒən ənd ˈmuviz) ənd ðə æps (ˈfoʊˌtoʊ ɛnˈhænsər, bərst, æp, ənd ˈkæmərə). ju ˈɔlsoʊ hæv meɪk mɔr speɪs wɪʧ ɪz ˈvɛri ˈsɪmələr tɪ ðə ˈstɔrɪʤ ʧɛk æp ɔn ˈnoʊkiə ˈlumiə ˈwɪndoʊz foʊnz ənd ˈdætə sɛns. ˈdætə sɛns ɪz ə ˈwəndərfəl æp ðət ˈɛvəri ˈwɪndoʊz foʊn ʃʊd hæv. ɪt əˈlaʊz ju tɪ ˈmɑnətər ənd ˈlɪmət jʊr ˈdætə ˈjusɪʤ. ðə həz jʊr ˈtɪpɪkəl ˈwɪndoʊz foʊn ˈsɛtɪŋz wɪθ ə ˈhændˌfʊl əv ˈsɛtɪŋz spɪˈsɪfɪk tɪ ðə ənd ˈwɪndoʊz foʊnz. ju hæv ðə bits ˈɑdiˌoʊ ˈsɛtɪŋ wɪʧ ɛnˈhænsɪz ˈɑdiˌoʊ ˈpleɪˌbæk fər mˈjuzɪk ənd ˈvɪdioʊ faɪlz ənd ðɛn ðɛrz fɛʧ. nɑt 100 ʃʊr wət fɛʧ ɪz bət ə meɪ 2013 ˈtreɪdˌmɑrk ˈfaɪlɪŋ baɪ dɪˈskraɪbz ɪt ɛz, "ˈpɔrtəbəl ˌɪˌlɛkˈtrɑnɪk ˈtrækɪŋ dɪˈvaɪs fər əˈsɪstəns ɪn ˈloʊˌkeɪtɪŋ ˈmoʊbəl foʊnz, smartphones*, ˈsɛljələr foʊnz, ˈpɔrtəbəl kəmˈpjutərz, ˈtæblət kəmˈpjutərz ənd ˈpərsɪnəl ˈdɪʤɪtəl əˈsɪstənts ənd ˈwaɪrlɪs ˈhænˈdhɛld ˈdɪʤɪtəl ˌɪˌlɛkˈtrɑnɪk dɪˈvaɪsɪz fər kəmˈjunəˌkeɪtɪŋ, rɪˈkɔrdɪŋ, ˈɔrgəˌnaɪzɪŋ, trænsˈmɪtɪŋ, məˈnɪpjəˌleɪtɪŋ, ˈstɔrɪŋ, ənd rivˈjuɪŋ tɛkst, ˈdætə, ˈɪmɪʤ, ənd ˈɑdiˌoʊ ənd ˈvɪdioʊ faɪlz; kəmˈpjutər ˈsɔfˌwɛr ənd ˈhɑrdˌwɛr fər ˈtrækɪŋ foʊnz; kəmˈpjutər ˈhɑrdˌwɛr ənd ˈsɔfˌwɛr fər əˈsɪstɪŋ ˈjuzərz ɪn ˈtrækɪŋ ənd ˈloʊˌkeɪtɪŋ ˈpipəl ənd ˈɑbʤɛkts." bɪɔnd ðət ðɛrz ə lɔt əv ˌspɛkjəˈleɪʃən bət ˈnəθɪŋ ˈkɑnkrit riˈlist ɔn fɛʧ. saʊnz ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪŋ ðoʊ. dɪz gɪv ə ˈlɪtəl mɔr tɪ ˈɑdiˌoʊ kˈwɑləti ənd ðə dɪz ˈprɑʤɛkt ˈbɛtər ðən jʊr ˈævərɪʤ ˈspikər. mˈjuzɪk ənd ˈvɪdioʊ ˈpleɪˌbæk ɪz ˈrəðər ˌɪmˈprɛsɪv ˈkəmɪŋ frəm səʧ ə smɔl ˈspikər. aʊt əv ðə bɑks ju hæv ʤɪst ˈoʊvər əv əˈveɪləbəl ˈstɔrɪʤ. sprɪnt dɪd ə gʊd ʤɑb əv ˈlɪmətɪŋ ðə ˈsɔfˌwɛr ənd wət ɪz ɪn pleɪs kən kəm ɪn ˈhændi. ʃʊd ju si θɪŋz ɪn ə ˈdɪfərənt laɪt, ju kən ˈɔlˌweɪz dɪˈlit ðiz æps tɪ fri əp ˈstɔrɪʤ speɪs. ðə ˈkæmərə wɪθ ðə raɪz ɪn ˌpɑpjəˈlɛrəti əv ˈʃɛrɪŋ ˈfoʊˌtoʊz ˈɔnˌlaɪn θru tˈwɪtər, ˈfeɪsˌbʊk, ənd ˈəðər ˈsoʊʃəl ˈnɛtˌwərkɪŋ saɪts, ðə ˈkæmərə həz bɪˈkəm ən ɛˈsɛnʃəl ˈɛləmənt əv smartphones*. ɪt prəˈvaɪdz ən ˈizi weɪ tɪ ˈkæpʧər ənd ʃɛr jʊr ˈfoʊˌtoʊz tɪ ðə pɔɪnt ɪt ɪz ə ˈvɛri ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt ˈsɛlɪŋ pɔɪnt fər ɑr ˈwɪndoʊz foʊn. ðə sprɪnt ˈkæmərə ɪz ə ˈsɑləd pərˈfɔrmər bət ɪt dɪz hæv səm rum fər ˌɪmˈpruvmənt. ðə ɪz ˈfɪtɪd wɪθ ən rɪr ˈkæmərə wɪθ ə ˌɪˈluməˌneɪtəd ˈsɛnsər (bsi*). ðə lɛnz 28mm*?) həz ə fɪkst ˈæpərʧər əv ənd wɪn kəmˈbaɪnd wɪθ ðə ˈsɛnsər, pərˈfɔrmz ˈrəðər ˈnaɪsli ɪn loʊ laɪt. ðə dɪz læk ˈɑptɪkəl ˈɪmɪʤ ˌsteɪbələˈzeɪʃən (ois*) laɪk ɔn ðə ˈlumiə ənd 1020 wɪʧ meɪ bi ðə wən ˈfiʧər ˈhoʊldɪŋ ðɪs ˈkæmərə bæk wɪθ fəˈtɑgrəfi du tɪ ðə sloʊər ˈʃətər spidz juzd. ðə frənt ˈfeɪsɪŋ ˈkæmərə ɪz ə wɪθ ə fɪkst ˈæpərʧər əv waɪl ðə həz ðə ˈstændərd ˈwɪndoʊz foʊn ˈkæmərə ˈsɔfˌwɛr, ɪt ˈɔlsoʊ həz ðə ˈkæmərə æp ˌɪnˈstɔld. ðə ˈkæmərə æp ɪz ə ˈkæmərə ɔlˈtərnətɪv ðət gɪvz ju ə fju mɔr ˈsɛtɪŋz kənˈtroʊlz ənd meɪks jʊr ˈifɛkts ˈfɪltərz mɔr ækˈsɛsəbəl θru ˈɑnˌskrin kənˈtroʊlz (ðɛr ˈɔlsoʊ "lɪv" ˈfɪltərz). ˈfɪltər ˈɑdli, ˌrɛzəˈluʃən ˈɪzənt ˈrɛfərənst baɪ bət ˌɪnˈstɛd baɪ krɑp wɪθ boʊθ ðə ˈneɪtɪv ˈkæmərə æp ənd ðə ˈkæmərə æp. ðə skwɛr krɑp ˈmɛʒərz 5.99mp*), ðə ˈrɛgjələr krɑp ˈmɛʒərz 7.99mp*) ənd ðə waɪd krɑp ˈmɛʒərz 6.37mp*). nɑt ʃʊr waɪ ˈɑptɪd tɪ muv əˈweɪ frəm ˈlɪstɪŋ ðə ˈækʧəwəl ˌrɛzəˈluʃən ˈɔpʃənz. ðə ˈneɪtɪv ˈwɪndoʊz foʊn æp ˈɔfərz ðə ˈfɑloʊɪŋ ˈsɛtɪŋz fər stɪl ˈɪmɪʤɪz. sin: ˈɔtoʊ, naɪt, ˈpɔrtrət, ˈlænˌskeɪp, ˈbæˌklaɪt, tɛkst ənd ˈmækroʊ. krɑp: waɪd, ˈrɛgjələr, skwɛr. ˈifɛkts:, ˈnɛgətɪv, ˈsipiə,. feɪs dɪˈtɛkʃən: ɔn ər ɔf. ˈkɑntræst: ˈnɔrməl, loʊəst, loʊər, haɪər ənd haɪəst. ˌsæʧərˈeɪʃən: ˈnɔrməl, loʊəst, loʊər, haɪər ənd haɪəst. ˈʃɑrpnəs: ˈnɔrməl, loʊəst, loʊər, haɪər ənd haɪəst. ɪkˈspoʊʒər: ˈnɔrməl, loʊəst, loʊər, haɪər ənd haɪəst. iso*: ˈɔtoʊ ər ˈmænjuəli sɛt 100 tɪ 1600 waɪt ˈbæləns: ˈɔtoʊ, ˈklaʊdi, ˈdeɪˌlaɪt, ˌɪnkənˈdɛsənt, florescent*. əˈsɪst ˈflæʃˌlaɪt: ˈɔtoʊ, ɔn, ɔf. ðə ˈkæmərə æp ðə ˈfɑloʊɪŋ: sinz: ˈɔtoʊ, naɪt,, ˌpænərˈæmə, anti-shake*. kənˈtɪnjuəs ˈʃutɪŋ: ɔf ər ˈlɪmɪtɪd tɪ 20 ər 60 freɪmz. sɛlf ˈtaɪmər: 2 5 ənd 10 ˈsɛkəndz. vˈjuˌfaɪndər grɪd: ɔn ər ɔf. təʧ tɪ ˈkæpʧər: ɔn ər ɔf. ˈʃətər saʊnd: ɔn ər ɔf. ju ˈɔlsoʊ hæv ðə ˈfɪltər ˈifɛkts (grayscale*, ˈnɛgətɪv, ənd ˈsipiə) bət ˌɪnˈstɛd əv ˈpʊlɪŋ əp ðə ˈsɛtɪŋz tɪ pʊt ðə ˈfɪltərz ˈɪntu pleɪ, ju hæv ə ˈfɪltər ˈbətən æt ðə ˈbɑtəm əv ðə skrin ðət wɪl pʊl əp ðə ˈʧɔɪsɪz. ˌpænərˈæmə ˈsæmpəl ðə ˌpænərˈæmə ˈɔpʃən ɪn ðə ˈkæmərə æp ɪz ˈvɛri ˈsɪmələr tɪ wət wɑz ɪn pleɪs ɪn ˈəðər ˈwɪndoʊz foʊnz. ju hæv ə hərˈaɪzən gaɪd ðət rənz ˈsɛnər skrin ənd ju ˈkæpʧər ˈɪmɪʤɪz lɛft tɪ raɪt. ˌɪnˈstɛd əv ˈhævɪŋ ðə gaɪd ˈbəbəlz, ju ˈsɪmpli pæn ðə ˈkæmərə tɪ ðə raɪt ənd ðə ˈɪmɪʤɪz ər ˈkæpʧərd ˌɔtəˈmætɪkli ɛz ju muv. ɛz ju kəˈlɛkt ˈɪmɪʤɪz, ə ˈθəmˌneɪl vju wɪl bɪˈgɪn tɪ ˈpɑpjəˌleɪt ðə ˈbɑtəm əv ðə skrin. ɪf ju pæn tu kˈwɪkli, ðə ˈθəmˌneɪl vju wɪl bi ˈhaɪˌlaɪtɪd ɪn rɛd. aɪv ˈɔlˌweɪz laɪk ðə pərˈfɔrməns əv ˌpænərˈæmə ˈsɔfˌwɛr ənd ðə dɪz ə ˈrɪli greɪt ʤɑb əv ˈstɪʧɪŋ ˌɪndəˈvɪʤəwəl ˈɪmɪʤɪz təˈgɛðər tɪ meɪk ðə grænd ˈɪmɪʤ. ðə ˈsɛtɪŋ ɪn ðə ˈkæmərə æp simz tɪ bi mɔr əv ə ˈfɪltər ˈifɛkt ðən ə trəˈdɪʃənəl ˌæpləˈkeɪʃən. wɪn əˈplaɪd, ðə ˈɪmɪʤɪz du æd ˈkɑntræst ənd ˈmɪnəˌmaɪz ˈʃædoʊɪŋ. ɪf ðə ˌæpləˈkeɪʃən dɪz teɪk ˈməltəpəl freɪmz æt ˈvɛriəs ɪkˈspoʊʒərz ənd ðɛn stæks ðɛm ˈɪntu wən ˈɪmɪʤ, ðə ˈkæmərə dɪz soʊ ˈɛfərtləsli. wɪʧ lidz ˈjuˈɛs tɪ bɪˈliv ðɪs ɪz mɔr əv ə ˈfɪltər ˈifɛkt. ˈfoʊˌtoʊ ˈsæmpəl ˈsæmpəl (lɛft) ənd ˈsæmpəl (raɪt) ðə ˈkæmərə æp dɪz ˈɔfər ə sˈlaɪtli ˈdɪfərənt ˈjuzər ˈɪnərˌfeɪs ənd ðə sin ˈɔpʃənz du ɪkˈstɛnd ðə ˈkæmrəz ˌkeɪpəˈbɪlətiz bət ðə ˈjuzər ˈɪnərˌfeɪs ɪz ə ˈlɪtəl ɔn ðə ˈkəmbərsəm saɪd. məʧ laɪk ðə ˈneɪtɪv ˈwɪndoʊz foʊn ˈkæmərə æp, ju stɪl hæv tɪ pʊl əp ə ˈsɛtɪŋz ˈmɛnju tɪ meɪk əˈʤəstmənts (ɛz əˈpoʊz tɪ ˈɑnˌskrin kənˈtroʊlz). ɪts nis bət ðɛr ər ˈplɛnti əv θərd ˈpɑrti ˈɔpʃənz aʊt ðɛr ðət ər ˈvæstli ˈbɛtər. waɪl ðə ˈkæmərə æp kʊd juz ə ˈlɪtəl faɪn ˈtunɪŋ, haʊz ðə ˈɪmɪʤ kˈwɑləti? ˈɪnˌdɔr ˈfoʊˌtoʊ ˈsæmpəl nɑt tu ˈʃæbi. ðə frənt ˈfeɪsɪŋ ˈkæmərə pərˈfɔrmd ɔn pɑr wɪθ moʊst ˈwɪndoʊz foʊn ˈkæmərəz. ðə rɪr ˈkæmərə ɪz ˈklɪrli ðə ˈwərˌkhɔrs ənd ˈɪmɪʤɪz wər ʃɑrp, ˈkələrz ˈdisənt bət ðɛr wər taɪmz ðə dɪˈfɔlt ˈsɛtɪŋz lɛft ˈɪmɪʤɪz ə ˈlɪtəl ˈəndər ˈsæʧərˌeɪtɪd. ˈnəθɪŋ ðət kænt bi fɪkst ɪn ðə ˈsɛtɪŋz ər θru ðoʊ. ˈkloʊˌsəp ˈmækroʊ ˈfoʊkɪsɪŋ pərˈfɔrmd rɪˈspɛktfəli wɪθ ə ˈmɪnəməm ˈfoʊkɪsɪŋ ˈdɪstəns əv əˈbaʊt sɪks ˈɪnʧɪz. ˈkloʊˌsəp ˈsæmpəl ˈaʊtˌdɔr ˈfoʊˌtoʊ ˈsæmpəl naɪt ˈfoʊˌtoʊ ˈsæmpəl noʊ kəmˈpleɪnts əˈbaʊt ðə pərˈfɔrməns. ðɛr wɑz ə ˈlɪtəl glɛr frəm laɪts, bət ˈnəθɪŋ tu bæd. ju du hæv tɪ bi ˈkɛrfəl wɪθ ˈmoʊʃən blər ðoʊ. wɪθ ðiz loʊ laɪt ˈfoʊˌtoʊz, ðə ˈjuzɪz ə sloʊər ˈʃətər spid ənd wɪˈθaʊt ˈɑptɪkəl ˌsteɪbələˈzeɪʃən, ðə sˈlaɪtəst ˈmuvmənt əv ðə ˈkæmərə wɪl kɔz blurriness*. naɪt ˈfoʊˌtoʊ ˈsæmpəl ˈspikɪŋ əv glɛr, aɪ faʊnd ðə frənt prəˈtɛktɪv ˈɛləmənt ɔn ðə tɪ bi ˈvɛri səˈsɛptəbəl tɪ smudges*. aɪ kɛpt siɪŋ heɪz ɔn səm əv ðə tɛst ˈfoʊˌtoʊz ənd ˈæftər ˈklinɪŋ ðə frənt glæs əv ðə ˈkæmərə ɔf wɪθ maɪ ʃərt teɪl, ˈɪmɪʤ kˈwɑləti ˌɪmˈpruvd drəˈmætɪkəli. ˈəðərˌwaɪz ju ɛnd əp wɪθ ˈɪmɪʤɪz laɪk ðɪs... naɪt ˈfoʊˌtoʊ ˈsæmpəl sməʤd lɛnz ðə lɛd "flæʃ" pərˈfɔrmd noʊ ˈdɪfərˈɛntli ðən wət wiv sin wɪθ ˈəðər lɛd laɪts. ɪt wɪl ʃɛd ə ˈlɪtəl laɪt ɔn jʊr ˈsəbʤɪkt bət ɪt ˈdəzənt ˈkɛri tu fɑr. aɪ ˈɔlsoʊ ˈnoʊtɪd ðət ˈivɪn wɪθ ə flæʃ, ðə daɪəlz daʊn ðə ˈʃətər spid wɛr ˈmoʊʃən blər ɪz ˈɛvədənt. flæʃ ˈsæmpəl lɛt ˈjuˈɛs nɑt fərˈgɛt əˈbaʊt ðə ˈvɪdioʊ ˌkeɪpəˈbɪlətiz əv ðə. ju kən ˈrɛkərd ˈvɪdioʊ ɪn fʊl hd*, hd*, vga*, ər qvga*. əˈgɛn, ˈɑptɪd tɪ goʊ ˈsɪmpəl wɪθ ˌrɛzəˈluʃən ˌtərmɪˈnɑləʤi. ðɪs meɪks ə ˈlɪtəl bɪt mɔr sɛns wɪθ ˈvɪdioʊ ˌrɛzəˈluʃənz ðən ˈfoʊˌtoʊ ˌrɛzəˈluʃənz. əˈdɪʃənəl ˈsɛtɪŋz frəm ðə ˈneɪtɪv ˈwɪndoʊz foʊn ˈkæmərə æp ˌɪnˈklud: ˈifɛkt:, ˈnɛgətɪv, ˈsipiə, ənd. ˈvɪdioʊ kˈwɑləti: fʊl hd*, hd*, vga*, qvga*. lɑk ˈfoʊkɪs ɪn ˈvɪdioʊ: ɔn ər ɔf. fæst hd*: ɔn ər ɔf. ˈvɪdioʊ ˌsteɪbələˈzeɪʃən: ɔn ər ɔf. ju ˈɔlsoʊ hæv ðə seɪm ˈneɪtɪv ˈsɛtɪŋz fər waɪt ˈbæləns, ɪkˈspoʊʒər, ˈʃɑrpnəs, ˌsæʧərˈeɪʃən, ənd ˈkɑntræst wɪθ ˈvɪdioʊ ɛz ju faɪnd wɪθ stɪl ˈɪmɪʤɪz. ðə ˈkæmərə ˈvɪdioʊ ˈsɛtɪŋz ər ðə seɪm wɪθ noʊ ˌvɛriˈeɪʃən. soʊ... haʊz ˈvɪdioʊ kˈwɑləti? nis, məʧ laɪk wiv sin wɪθ ðə bət ˈɑdiˌoʊ kˈwɑləti wɑz ˈbɛtər. ˈoʊvərˌɔl, ðə ˈkæmərə ɪz ə ˈsɑləd pərˈfɔrmər. ɪts nɑt fɛr tɪ kəmˈpɛr ɪt tɪ ðə ˈlumiə 1020 (ɪts ɪn ə ˈdɪfərənt lig) bət ðə ˈkæmərə filz tɪ bi wən ər tu ˈnɑʧɪz ˈbɛtər ðən ðə. ðə ˈʧælənʤ wɪl bi ˈkipɪŋ ðət frənt ˈɛləmənt klin. ɛz fɑr ɛz ˈkæmərə ˈsɔfˌwɛr ɪz kənˈsərnd, ðə ˈkæmərə æp ɪz ə ˈdisənt ɔlˈtərnətɪv bət ˈrɪli læks ˈɛni kəmˈpɛlɪŋ ˈrizən, ˈəðər ðən ˈpərsɪnəl ˈprɛfərəns, tɪ ʧuz ɪt ˈoʊvər ðə ˈneɪtɪv ˈkæmərə æp. wɛr ˈnoʊkiə geɪv ə lɔt əv θɔt ˈɪntu ðɛr proʊ kæm æp ɔn ðə ˈlumiə 1020 ɪt filz ɛz ðoʊ ʤɪst θru ˈsəmθɪŋ təˈgɛðər fər ðə. ðə ˈkæmərə æp həz pəˈtɛnʃəl ɪt ʤɪst həz ə weɪz tɪ goʊ ˌbiˈfɔr ɪt gɪts ðɛr. ˈsipiə ˈfɪltər ˈbɑtəm laɪn... ðə ˈkæmərə ˈɪzənt tu ˈʃæbi ənd ɪz ˈkeɪpəbəl əv ˈkæpʧərɪŋ kˈwɑləti stɪl ˈɪmɪʤɪz ənd ˈvɪdioʊz. ˈoʊvərˌɔl θɔts wɪn ju fərst ˈhændəl ðə ɪt ɪz ə ˈnæʧərəl ˈriflɛks tɪ kəmˈpɛr ɪt tɪ ðə. ðə tu foʊnz ər kət frəm ðə seɪm klɔθ wɪθ ˈkələrz, fɪt ənd fil, ˈkæmərə pərˈfɔrməns ənd kɔl kˈwɑləti ər ˈvərʧuəli aɪˈdɛntɪkəl. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ðɛrz ɪˈnəf ˈdɪfərənsɪz tɪ əˈlaʊ ðə tɪ stænd ɔn ɪts oʊn. frəm ðə ˈsətəl dɪˈzaɪn ˈʧeɪnʤɪz wɪθ ðə ˈkələrd ˈbətən ˈpænəl ənd stil ˈkæmərə ˈhaʊzɪŋ tɪ ðə ˈsɔfˌwɛr əˈdɪʃənz, ðə həz ɪts oʊn əˈpil. aɪ ˈwʊdənt kɔl ðə ən ˌɪmˈpruvd ˈvərʒən əv ðə bət ˈrəðər ə mɔr rɪˈfaɪnd ˈvərʒən əv ðə. ðə ˌɛnˈʤɔɪz ˈdætə sɛns, ənd, ɛz wɛl ɛz ɪkˈspænʧən. iʧ ˈædɪŋ tɪ ðə əˈtræktɪvnəs əv ðə. ðə skrin ɪz ə ˈlɪtəl ɔn ðə dɪm saɪd æt taɪmz. ɪts mɔr əv ə kwərk ðən ə dil ˈbreɪkər ðət sɪŋks ðə dɪˈvaɪs ɔl təˈgɛðər. ɪz ˈmeɪkɪŋ ˈprɑˌgrɛs wɪθ ðə ˈkæmərə. ðə ˈkæmərə wɑz ə ˈsɑləd pərˈfɔrmər ɪn ˈdeɪˌlaɪt ənd kənˈdɪʃənz. ðɛr ɪz ə slaɪt bət ˈnəθɪŋ ə twik əv ðə ˌɪnˈtərnəl ˈsɛtɪŋz woʊnt fɪks ənd ɛz lɔŋ ɛz ju kip ðə frənt ˈɛləmənt klin, ju ʃʊd bi plizd wɪθ ðə ˈfoʊˌtoʊz ənd ˈvɪdioʊz. ˈrɪli nidz tɪ riˈvɪzɪt ðə ˈkæmərə æp ðoʊ ənd gɪv ɪt səm ˈməsəl. aɪ laɪk ðə hd*, ˌpænərˈæmə, ənd kənˈtɪnjuəs ˈʃutɪŋ ˈfiʧərz bət ðɛr nidz tɪ bi ə mɔr ˌɪnˈtuətɪv ˈjuzər ˈɪnərˌfeɪs. kɔl kˈwɑləti ɪz gʊd, ˈspikər pərˈfɔrməns rɪˈspɛktəbəl, ˈbætəri laɪf rɪˈlaɪəbəl, ənd ˈoʊvərˌɔl ðə ɪz ən əˈtræktɪv ˈwɪndoʊz foʊn ðət wɪl pliz moʊst sprɪnt ˈjuzərz hu ər ˈsikɪŋ ə dɪˈvaɪs.
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how does it go? "a long time ago, in a galaxy far away...." granted sprint isn't a galaxy far away but it's been some time since we've seen a windows phone sitting in the wireless company's line-up. when sprint dropped the htc arrive, there were always rumors circulating on what would be the sprint's next move. rumored dates kept on passing by and finally the htc 8xt landed at sprint as their first windows phone 8 device for 2013 (the samsung ativ s neo is due to arrive in the coming weeks to keep it company). there was joy in mudville again with the release of the 8xt but would it satisfy the sprint customers yearning for a new windows phone 8 experience? the 8xt makes a solid first impression and it is very similar (like a long lost twin brother) to htc's 8x. the htc 8x is a quality windows phone as is, but htc added a few more bells and whistles to the 8xt to give it a little more gusto (data sense, htc's camera app, micro-sd slot, boomsound, etc.). is it enough to revive the windows phone market over at sprint? you'll have to hit the break to see what we think...
solid build quality, data sense, quality audio through beatsaudio and boomsound, micro-sd card slot expansion, and an appealing 8mp camera
the only really bad thing about the 8xt is that battery cover is tough to remove to access the micro-sd card slot. other than that, there is room for improvement but nothing is to the point of being critical to the overall performance of the 8xt. internal storage may be too low for hardcore users.
it's easy to compare the sprint htc 8xt to the htc 8x. they are cut from the same cloth and are both quality windows phones. while the 8xt tries to build upon the 8x, there is room for improvement but nothing detrimental to the overall experience. it's strength has to be the audio quality and it can hold it's own in other areas (camera performance, screen quality, battery life, etc.). sprint customers should be pleased with the 8xt.
the design
if you've handled the htc 8x, the 8xt shares the same fit and feel. there are a few cosmetic changes to give the 8xt a little more pizzazz such as the colored front button panel (borrowed from the htc 8s) and the steel camera housing. the 8xt measures 5.2 x 2.6 x .39 inches and weighs in at 4.9 ounces (132.1 x 66 x 9.9 mm, 140 grams). just a fraction smaller and heavier than the 8x (132.35 x 66.2 x 10.12mm, 130 grams).
the button layout is your basic htc windows phone pattern with the power button up top with the 3.5mm headphone jack. along the right side is your volume rocker and camera button with the micro-usb port at the bottom of the phone. the micro-usb port is right of center at the bottom of the phone, likely to make room for the dual speakers.
you do have a notification led at the top of the 8xt that let's you know the charging status.
one key design difference with the 8xt is a removable battery cover. in theory you should be able to push up on the back and remove it to expose the embedded battery, sim card and micro-sd slot. i say "in theory" because it feels as if the cover is welded into place and short of breaking out a jack hammer, my back cover isn't budging. where the 8x has the speakerphone speaker on the back of the phone, the 8xt has a dual front-facing stereo speaker with htc boomsound. the back of the 8xt is slightly curved at the edges to give the windows phone a comfortable fit in the hand. the 8xt's finish is a slightly darker shade of blue than the california blue of the 8x but it has the same rubbery feel to it. the finish has a bit of grip to it which is never a bad thing. htc has designed some exceptionally nice windows phones in the past and while the 8xt shares similarities with the 8x, most will find the design, feel and build quality appealing. under the hood the 8xt is powered by an 1800 mah battery and is driven by a 1.4ghz dual core snapdragon processor that moves things along rather nicely. the 8xt is fitted with 1gb of ram and 8gb of internal storage. it would have been nice to have seen htc fit the 8xt with 16gb of storage but with the micro-sd card expansion and skydrive as an option, 8gb's may be okay for light users. other features under the hood on the 8xt includes a digital compass, gps, bluetooth 3.0, wi-fi and nfc support. the display
the sprint htc 8xt has a 4.3" wvga (800x480) super lcd display protected by corning gorilla glass 2. the screen is nicely responsive to the touch and for the most part it is a solid looking display. colors are vibrant with a bit of contrast. at times though, the 8xt screen seemed a little on the dim side as if the light sensor was taking a nap and forgot to brighten things up. it's not an issue to hide the women and children from but it is noticeable. outdoors... no real complaints on the display quality. the 8xt performs on par with other windows phones when used outdoors, though nokia still gets the edge with their sunlight readability feature. all totaled, the 4.3" screen of the 8xt performed admirably. the software along with windows phone 8 gdr 2 (version 8.0.10327.77 installed) the 8xt has two sprint apps preloaded (sprint music plus and sprint tv and movies) and the htc apps (photo enhancer, htc burst, htc app, and htc camera).
you also have make more space which is very similar to the storage check app on nokia lumia windows phones and data sense. data sense is a wonderful app that every windows phone should have. it allows you to monitor and limit your data usage.
the 8xt has your typical windows phone settings with a handful of settings specific to the 8xt and htc windows phones. you have the beats audio setting which enhances audio playback for music and video files and then there's htc fetch. not 100% sure what fetch is but a may 2013 trademark filing by htc describes it as,
"portable multifunction electronic tracking device for assistance in locating mobile phones, smartphones, cellular phones, portable computers, tablet computers and personal digital assistants and wireless handheld digital electronic devices for communicating, recording, organizing, transmitting, manipulating, storing, and reviewing text, data, image, and audio and video files; computer software and hardware for tracking phones; computer hardware and software for assisting users in tracking and locating people and objects."
beyond that there's a lot of speculation but nothing concrete released on fetch. sounds interesting though.
beatsaudio does give a little more giddy-up to audio quality and the boomsound does project better than your average speaker. music and video playback is rather impressive coming from such a small speaker. out of the box you have just over 7gb of available storage. sprint did a good job of limiting the preloaded software and what is in place can come in handy. should you see things in a different light, you can always delete these apps to free up storage space. the camera
with the rise in popularity of sharing photos online through twitter, facebook, instagram and other social networking sites, the camera has become an essential element of smartphones. it provides an easy way to capture and share your photos to the point it is a very important selling point for our windows phone. the sprint htc 8xt's camera is a solid performer but it does have some room for improvement. the htc 8xt is fitted with an 8mp rear camera with a back-side illuminated sensor (bsi). the lens (28mm?) has a fixed aperture of f/2.0 and when combined with the bsi sensor, performs rather nicely in low light. the htc 8xt does lack optical image stabilization (ois) like on the lumia 92x and 1020, which may be the one feature holding this camera back with low-light photography due to the slower shutter speeds used. the front facing camera is a 1.6mp with a fixed aperture of f/2.2. while the 8xt has the standard windows phone camera software, it also has the htc camera app installed. the htc camera app is a camera alternative that gives you a few more settings controls and makes your effects filters more accessible through on-screen controls (they're also "live" filters).
htc 8xt grayscale filter
oddly, resolution isn't referenced by megapixels but instead by crop with both the native camera app and the htc camera app. the square crop measures 2448x2448 (5.99mp), the regular crop measures 3264x2448 (7.99mp) and the wide crop measures 3264x1952 (6.37mp). not sure why htc opted to move away from listing the actual resolution options.
the native windows phone app offers the following settings for still images. scene: auto, night, portrait, landscape, backlight, text and macro.
crop: wide, regular, square.
effects: grayscale, negative, sepia, solarize.
face detection: on or off.
contrast: normal, lowest, lower, higher and highest.
saturation: normal, lowest, lower, higher and highest.
sharpness: normal, lowest, lower, higher and highest.
exposure: normal, lowest, lower, higher and highest.
iso: auto or manually set (100 to 1600).
white balance: auto, cloudy, daylight, incandescent, florescent.
assist flashlight: auto, on, off.
the htc camera app adds/changes the following: scenes: auto, night, hdr, panorama, anti-shake.
continuous shooting: off or limited to 20 or 60 frames.
self timer: 2, 5, and 10 seconds.
viewfinder grid: on or off.
touch to capture: on or off.
shutter sound: on or off. you also have the filter effects (grayscale, negative, solarize and sepia) but instead of pulling up the settings to put the filters into play, you have a filter button at the bottom of the screen that will pull up the choices.
htc 8xt panorama sample
the panorama option in the htc camera app is very similar to what was in place in other htc windows phones. you have a horizon guide that runs center screen and you capture images left to right. instead of having the guide bubbles, you simply pan the camera to the right and the images are captured automatically as you move. as you collect images, a thumbnail view will begin to populate the bottom of the screen. if you pan too quickly, the thumbnail view will be highlighted in red. i've always like the performance of htc's panorama software and the 8xt does a really great job of stitching individual images together to make the grand image. the hdr setting in the htc camera app seems to be more of a filter effect than a traditional hdr application. when applied, the hdr images do add contrast and minimize shadowing. if the hdr application does take multiple frames at various exposures and then stacks them into one image, the camera does so effortlessly. which leads us to believe this is more of a filter effect.
htc 8xt hdr photo sample
htc 8xt hdr sample (left) and non-hdr sample (right)
the htc camera app does offer a slightly different user interface and the scene options do extend the camera's capabilities but the user interface is a little on the cumbersome side. much like the native windows phone camera app, you still have to pull up a settings menu to make adjustments (as oppose to on-screen controls). it's nice but there are plenty of third party options out there that are vastly better. while the htc camera app could use a little fine tuning, how's the image quality?
htc 8xt indoor photo sample
not too shabby. the front facing camera performed on par with most windows phone cameras. the rear camera is clearly the 8xt's workhorse and images were sharp, colors decent but there were times the default settings left images a little under saturated. nothing that can't be fixed in the settings or through post-processing though. close-up macro focusing performed respectfully with a minimum focusing distance of about six inches.
htc 8xt close-up sample
htc 8xt outdoor photo sample
htc 8xt night photo sample
no complaints about the 8xt's low-light performance. there was a little glare from lights, but nothing too bad. you do have to be careful with motion blur though. with these low light photos, the 8xt uses a slower shutter speed and without optical stabilization, the slightest movement of the camera will cause blurriness.
htc 8xt night photo sample
speaking of glare, i found the front protective element on the 8xt to be very susceptible to smudges. i kept seeing haze on some of the test photos and after cleaning the front glass of the camera off with my shirt tail, image quality improved dramatically. otherwise you end up with images like this...
htc 8xt night photo sample - smudged lens
the led "flash" performed no differently than what we've seen with other led lights. it will shed a little light on your subject but it doesn't carry too far. i also noted that even with a flash, the 8xt dials down the shutter speed where motion blur is evident.
htc 8xt flash sample
let us not forget about the video capabilities of the 8xt. you can record video in full hd, hd, vga, or qvga. again, htc opted to go simple with resolution terminology. this makes a little bit more sense with video resolutions than photo resolutions. additional settings from the native windows phone camera app include: effect: grayscale, negative, sepia, and solarize.
video quality: full hd, hd, vga, qvga.
lock focus in video: on or off.
fast hd: on or off.
video stabilization: on or off. you also have the same native settings for white balance, exposure, sharpness, saturation, and contrast with video as you find with still images. the htc camera app's video settings are the same with no variation. so... how's video quality? nice, much like we've seen with the 8x but audio quality was better. overall, the 8xt's camera is a solid performer. it's not fair to compare it to the lumia 1020 (it's in a different league) but the htc 8xt's camera feels to be one or two notches better than the 8x. the challenge will be keeping that front element clean. as far as camera software is concerned, the htc camera app is a decent alternative but really lacks any compelling reason, other than personal preference, to choose it over the native camera app. where nokia gave a lot of thought into their pro cam app on the lumia 1020, it feels as though htc just threw something together for the 8xt. the htc camera app has potential it just has a ways to go before it gets there.
htc 8xt sepia filter
bottom line... the 8xt's camera isn't too shabby and is capable of capturing quality still images and videos. overall thoughts
when you first handle the htc 8xt it is a natural reflex to compare it to the 8x. the two phones are cut from the same cloth with colors, fit and feel, camera performance and call quality are virtually identical. however, there's enough differences to allow the 8xt to stand on it's own. from the subtle design changes with the colored button panel and steel camera housing to the software additions, the 8xt has it's own appeal. i wouldn't call the 8xt an improved version of the 8x but rather a more refined version of the 8x. the 8xt enjoys data sense, beatsaudio and htc boomsound, as well as micro-sd expansion. each adding to the attractiveness of the 8xt. the 4.3" wvga screen is a little on the dim side at times. it's more of a quirk than a deal breaker that sinks the device all together. htc is making progress with the 8xt's camera. the camera was a solid performer in daylight and low-light conditions. there is a slight under-saturation but nothing a tweak of the internal settings won't fix and as long as you keep the front element clean, you should be pleased with the photos and videos. htc really needs to revisit the htc camera app though and give it some muscle. i like the hd, panorama, and continuous shooting features but there needs to be a more intuitive user interface. call quality is good, speaker performance respectable, battery life reliable, and overall the htc 8xt is an attractive windows phone that will please most sprint users who are seeking a mid-range device.
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braves’*’ sˈnɪtkər sɪz ˈʤɑnsən noʊ ˈlɔŋgər ˈpraɪˌmɛri ˈkloʊzər ʃɛr ˈhəntər ˈɪmɪʤɪz ʤɪm ˈʤɑnsən θroʊz ə pɪʧ ɪn ðə eɪθ ˈɪnɪŋ ˈdʊrɪŋ ˈsənˌdiz geɪm əˈgɛnst ðə ˈfɪliz. breɪvz ʤɪm ˈʤɑnsən noʊ ˈlɔŋgər ɪz ðə ˈpraɪˌmɛri ˈkloʊzər ˈæftər hɪz ˈrisənt ˈstrəgəlz ˈprɑmptɪd ˈmænɪʤər braɪən sˈnɪtkər tɪ traɪ ˈəðərz ɪn ðə roʊl. ˈʤɑnsən blu hɪz eɪθ seɪv ənd hɪz θərd ɪn hɪz læst ˈsɛvən ˈʧænsɪz ɔn ˈsæˌtɪˌdeɪ əˈgɛnst ðə ˈfɪliz. ðə nɛkst deɪ ˈʤɑnsən pɪʧt ðə eɪθ ˈɪnɪŋ wɪθ ðə skɔr taɪd, ənd sˈnɪtkər sɛd hi wɑz ˈhoʊldɪŋ bæk vizkɑˈinoʊ fər ə ˈpɑsəbəl seɪv ˌsɪʧuˈeɪʃən. ɪt kəm tɪ ðət bɪˈkəz ðə ˈfɪliz broʊk ðə taɪ wɪθ ˈfrɛdi galvis’*’ ˈsɪŋgəl ɪn ðə ˈbɑtəm əv ðə naɪnθ. bət sˈnɪtkər sɛd ðə nɛkst taɪm ðə breɪvz nid ə seɪv ɪt ˌnɛsəˈsɛrəli bi ˈʤɑnsən ˈteɪkɪŋ ðə maʊnd. mɪks ənd mæʧ ˈmeɪbi ənd si wɛr wi ər æt ɪn ðə (əˈpoʊzɪŋ) ˈlaɪˌnəps ənd θɪŋz laɪk ðət, ənd gɪv səm (ˈəðər) gaɪz ə chance,”*,” sˈnɪtkər sɛd. ˈʤɑnsən, 34 həz bɪn ðə ˈpraɪˌmɛri ˈkloʊzər fər æt list pɑrt əv ðə pæst θri ˈsizənz. hi muvd ˈɪntu ðə roʊl ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə ðə 2015 ˈsizən ˌbiˈfɔr ðə breɪvz ˈtreɪdɪd ɪm tɪ ðə ˈdɑʤərz. ðə breɪvz saɪnd ˈʤɑnsən tɪ ə ˈwənˌjɪr, ˈmɪljən ˈkɑnˌtrækt fər ðə 2016 ˈsizən ənd ə two-year*, 10 ˈmɪljən ɪkˈstɛnʃən læst ɑkˈtoʊbər. ɪn 2015 ˈʤɑnsən hæd naɪn seɪvz ɪn 13 ˈʧænsɪz fər ðə breɪvz wɪθ ən ˈoʊvərˌɔl ˈɪrə. hi tʊk ˈoʊvər ɛz ˈpraɪˌmɛri ˈkloʊzər læst ˈsizən ˈæftər vizkɑˈinoʊ wɛnt ɔn ðə dɪˈseɪbəld lɪst ənd hæd 20 seɪvz ɪn 23 ˈʧænsɪz wɪθ ə ˈɪrə ˈoʊvərˌɔl. ðɪs jɪr ˈʤɑnsən ɪz ɔn seɪvz wɪθ ə ˈɪrə ɪn ɔl ˌsɪʧuˈeɪʃənz. sˈnɪtkər sɛd hi ɪkˈspɛkts ðət ˈʤɑnsən wɪl bi ““fine”*” wɪθ ðə rɪˈdust roʊl. ə pro,”*,” sˈnɪtkər sɛd. ə gamer.”*.” vizkɑˈinoʊ, 26 tʊk ˈoʊvər ɛz ðə ˈpraɪˌmɛri breɪvz ˈkloʊzər ˈæftər ðə tim ˈtreɪdɪd ˈʤɑnsən ɪn 2015 ənd kənˈvərtɪd naɪn əv 10 seɪv ˈʧænsɪz. vizkɑˈinoʊ bɪˈgæn læst ˈsizən ɛz ðə ˈkloʊzər ənd kənˈvərtɪd 10 əv 13 seɪv ˌɑpərˈtunətiz ˌbiˈfɔr goʊɪŋ ɔn ðə dɪˈseɪbəld lɪst. həz ‘‘stuff’*’ tɪ du ðət role,”*,” sˈnɪtkər sɛd. wi ʤɪst kaɪnd əv mɪks ənd mæʧ ənd swɑp ɪt əraʊnd ənd si ˈrɛstɪd ənd ˈmeɪbi wɛr wi ər æt ɪn ðə ˈɔrdər ənd traɪ tɪ pis ðət θɪŋ təˈgɛðər ənd meɪk ɪt happen.”*.”
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Braves’ Snitker says Johnson no longer primary closer
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Hunter Martin/Getty Images Jim Johnson throws a pitch in the eighth inning during Sunday's game against the Phillies.
Braves right-hander Jim Johnson no longer is the team’s primary closer after his recent struggles prompted manager Brian Snitker to try others in the role.
Johnson blew his majors-high eighth save and his third in his last seven chances on Saturday against the Phillies. The next day Johnson pitched the eighth inning with the score tied, and Snitker said he was holding back right-hander Arodys Vizcaino for a possible save situation.
It didn’t come to that because the Phillies broke the tie with Freddy Galvis’ game-winning RBI single in the bottom of the ninth. But Snitker said the next time the Braves need a save it won’t necessarily be Johnson taking the mound.
“Probably mix and match maybe and see where we are at in the (opposing) lineups and things like that, and give some (other) guys a chance,” Snitker said.
Johnson, 34, has been the team’s primary closer for at least part of the past three seasons. He moved into the role during the the 2015 season before the Braves traded him to the Dodgers. The Braves signed Johnson to a one-year, $2.5 million contract for the 2016 season and a two-year, $10 million extension last October.
In 2015 Johnson had nine saves in 13 chances for the Braves with an overall 2.25 ERA. He took over as primary closer last season after Vizcaino went on the disabled list and had 20 saves in 23 chances with a 3.06 ERA overall. This year Johnson is 22-for-30 on saves with a 4.22 ERA in all situations.
Snitker said he expects that Johnson will be “fine” with the reduced role.
“He’s a pro,” Snitker said. “He’s a gamer.”
Vizcaino, 26, took over as the primary Braves closer after the team traded Johnson in 2015 and converted nine of 10 save chances. Vizcaino began last season as the closer and converted 10 of 13 save opportunities before going on the disabled list.
“He has ‘stuff’ to do that role,” Snitker said. “And we just kind of mix and match and swap it around and see who’s rested and maybe where we are at in the order and try to piece that thing together and make it happen.”
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wɪn jʊr hoʊm ɪn ˌsækrəˈmɛntoʊ ɪz ˌɪnˈfɛstɪd wɪθ pɛsts səʧ ɛz ˈkɑˌkroʊʧɪz, ˈbɛdbəgz, ænts ənd ˈəðərz ju hæv ðə ˈɔpʃən tɪ gɪt rɪd əv ðɛm baɪ ˈjɔrsɛlf ər haɪər ən ɪkˈstərməˌneɪtər tɪ du ðə wərk fər ju. ɪt ɪz gʊd tɪ noʊt ðət ˈgɪtɪŋ rɪd əv ðə pɛsts ɪz nɑt ən ˈizi ˈprɔˌsɛs, soʊ ˈhaɪrɪŋ ən ɪkˈstərməˌneɪtər ˌsækrəˈmɛntoʊ ɪz ðə bɛst ˈɔpʃən. dɪˈspaɪt ðət ju ˌɪnˈkər səm kɔsts baɪ ˈwərkɪŋ wɪθ ən ɪkˈstərməˌneɪtər; ðə ˈbɛnəfɪts ju gɪt ˈaʊtˌweɪ ðə kɔsts. bɪˈloʊ ər səm əv ðə ˈbɛnəfɪts əv ˈhaɪrɪŋ ðə prəˈfɛʃənəlz. kɔst ənd taɪm ˈifɛktɪvnəs wən əv ðə ˈmeɪʤər ædˈvæntɪʤɪz əv ˈhaɪrɪŋ ən ɪkˈstərməˌneɪtər ˌsækrəˈmɛntoʊ ɪz ðət ju ɛnd əp ˈseɪvɪŋ ə lɔt əv ˈməni ɪn ðə lɔŋ rən. ɪf ju traɪ tɪ ˈbætəl ðə pɛsts baɪ ˈjɔrsɛlf, ju baɪ ə lɔt ˈtritmənts, juz ðə rɔŋ tɛkˈniks, weɪst ə lɔt əv taɪm ɪn ðə ˈprɔˌsɛs ənd ju maɪt ɛnd əp ˈfeɪlɪŋ tɪ gɪt rɪd əv ðə pɛsts. ə ˈhaɪli kˈwɑləˌfaɪd ənd ɪkˈspɪriənst prəˈfɛʃənəl həz ðə ˈnɑlɪʤ ɔn ðə bɛst ˈtritmənts, juz greɪt tɛkˈniks ənd hæv ðə əˈbɪləˌti tɪ du ðə wərk wɪˈθɪn ə ˈvɛri ʃɔrt taɪm. ðeɪ ˈɔlsoʊ juz mɔr ˈifɛktɪv ənd ˈpaʊərfəl ˈpɛstəˌsaɪdz ju meɪ nɑt ˈækˌsɛs ər ðoʊz ðət ər tu ˈkɔstli fər ju tɪ baɪ. ɛnˈhæns ˈseɪfti ɪn jʊr hoʊm moʊst əv ðə ˈpɛstəˌsaɪdz ənd ˈtritmənts juzd ɪn ˈhaʊsˌhoʊld pɛst kənˈtroʊl ˈkɛri ˈsərtən rɪsks ənd hɛlθ ˈhæzərdz. ðeɪ nid tɪ bi juzd baɪ prəˈfɛʃənəlz hu noʊ haʊ tɪ əˈplaɪ ðɛm ˈprɑpərli. wɪθ ən ɪkˈstərməˌneɪtər, ju ɪˈlɪməˌneɪt ðə rɪsks əv ˈdæmɪʤ tɪ ˈprɑpərti, ɪl hɛlθ ˈifɛkts ənd ˈəðər ˈprɑbləmz ðət maɪt bi ˈkɔstli tɪ dil wɪθ. ɪkˈstərməˌneɪtərz ˈɔlsoʊ ˈkɛri ə ˌlaɪəˈbɪlɪti ˌɪnˈʃʊrəns ˈkəvər ðət prəˈtɛkts ju əˈgɛnst səʧ pəˈtɛnʃəl rɪsks ənd ˈdæmɪʤɪz. prəˈvaɪd mɔr səˈsteɪnəbəl rɪˈzəlts prəˈfɛʃənəlz juz ˈpɛstəˌsaɪdz ðət hæv lɔŋ ˈlæstɪŋ ˈifɛkts. wɪn ju haɪər ə ˈhaɪli kˈwɑləˌfaɪd ɪkˈstərməˌneɪtər ˌsækrəˈmɛntoʊ, ju kən bi əˈʃʊrd ðət ðə pɛst ˈprɑbləm wɪl bi ɪˈlɪməˌneɪtɪd kəmˈplitli. ðeɪ ˈkɛri aʊt θəroʊ əˈsɛsmənts ɪn ˈɔrdər tɪ aɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪ ðə pɛsts ðət hæv ˌɪnˈveɪdɪd jʊr hoʊm ənd kriˈeɪt ə ˈtritmənt ˈproʊˌgræm tɪ ˈtərgət ðə spɪˈsɪfɪk pɛsts ənd ðɛr sɔrs. ðə ɪkˈstərməˌneɪtər ðɛn ˈjuzɪz pɛst kənˈtroʊl ənd ɪˌlɪməˈneɪʃən tɛkˈniks ðət ɪnˈʃʊr jʊr hoʊm ɪz fri əv ðə pɛsts kəmˈplitli. ˌgɛrənˈti prəˈvaɪdɪd ə ˈrɛpjətəbəl ɪkˈstərməˌneɪtər wɪl gɪv ju ən ˈifɛktɪvnəs ˌgɛrənˈti əv ˈsərtən ˈdʊˈreɪʃən wɪˈθɪn wɪʧ ɪf ðə pɛsts ˌɪnˈveɪd jʊr hoʊm əˈgɛn, ðeɪ wɪl ˈɔfər ðə ˈtritmənt fər fri. ðɪs eɪmz tɪ əˈʃʊr ðət ðeɪ hæv juzd ˈifɛktɪv ˈtritmənt tɪ kip ðə pɛsts æt beɪ.
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when your home in sacramento is infested with pests such as cockroaches, bedbugs, ants and others you have the option to get rid of them by yourself or hire an exterminator to do the work for you. it is good to note that getting rid of the pests is not an easy process, so hiring an exterminator sacramento is the best option. despite that you incur some costs by working with an exterminator; the benefits you get outweigh the costs. below are some of the benefits of hiring the professionals.
cost and time effectiveness
one of the major advantages of hiring an exterminator sacramento is that you end up saving a lot of money in the long run. if you try to battle the pests by yourself, you buy a lot treatments, use the wrong techniques, waste a lot of time in the process and you might end up failing to get rid of the pests. a highly qualified and experienced professional has the knowledge on the best treatments, use great techniques and have the ability to do the work within a very short time. they also use more effective and powerful pesticides you may not access or those that are too costly for you to buy.
enhance safety in your home
most of the pesticides and treatments used in household pest control carry certain risks and health hazards. they need to be used by professionals who know how to apply them properly. with an exterminator, you eliminate the risks of damage to property, ill health effects and other problems that might be costly to deal with. exterminators also carry a liability insurance cover that protects you against such potential risks and damages.
provide more sustainable results
professionals use pesticides that have long lasting effects. when you hire a highly qualified exterminator sacramento, you can be assured that the pest problem will be eliminated completely. they carry out thorough assessments in order to identify the pests that have invaded your home and create a treatment program to target the specific pests and their source. the exterminator then uses pest control and elimination techniques that ensure your home is free of the pests completely.
guarantee provided
a reputable exterminator will give you an effectiveness guarantee of certain duration within which if the pests invade your home again, they will offer the treatment for free. this aims to assure that they have used effective treatment to keep the pests at bay.
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wi fərst ˈlərnɪd əv bruɪŋ wɪn səm əv bɪr ˈroʊˌbəts tˈwɪtər ˈfɑloʊərz səˈʤɛstɪd ðət bɪˈkəz hɪz goʊl ɪz wərld ˌdɑməˈneɪʃən, hi ʃʊd bi ˈsərvɪŋ ˈtoʊtəl ˌdɑməˈneɪʃən. ðɪs simd əˈproʊpriˌeɪt ənd læst mənθ wɪn, beɪst ɪn ˈjuʤin, bɪˈgæn dɪˈstrɪbjutɪŋ kɛgz ɪn sæn frænˈsɪskoʊ, bɪr ˈroʊˌbət wɑz ðə fərst tɪ rɪˈsiv ˈtoʊtəl ˌdɑməˈneɪʃən. soʊ waɪərd ˈstæfərz hæd ə hɛd stɑrt fər ˌɛnˈʤɔɪɪŋ ðɪs ˈɛksələnt bɪrz, bət wi wər ʤɔɪnd baɪ ə gʊd saɪzd kraʊd æt ðə hoʊˈtɛl ˈjuˌtɔ ˈwɛnzˌdeɪ naɪt wɛr ðə əˈtɛmptəd tɪ ˈdɑməˌneɪt bɪˈlivər ˈdəbəl rɛd eɪl. ðə ˈjuˌtɔ ɪz ə ˈpɑpjələr ˈdrɪŋkɪŋ ɪˈstæblɪʃmənt əˈməŋ ðə waɪərd ˈstæfərz, ənd nɑt ʤɪst bɪˈkəz ɪt ɪz raɪt əraʊnd ðə ˈkɔrnər frəm ɑr ˈhɛdˌkɔrtərz. ðə bɑr həz ˈkɛrɪktər, ɪts ˈbɑrˌtɛndərz hæv ˈkɛrɪktər, ɪts ˈʤukˌbɑks həz ˈkɛrɪktər ənd ɪts ˈrɛgjələrz ər ˈkɛrɪktərz. ɔl ðiz əˈtrɪˌbjuts meɪd ɪt ðə ˈpərˌfɪkt loʊˈkeɪʃən tɪ gɪv bɪrz ə traɪ. bət ɪf ju ˈdɪdənt meɪk ɪt tɪ ðə ɪˈvɛnt læst naɪt, lʊk fər æt beɪ ˈɛriə stɔrz ənd əraʊnd 25 bɑrz (ənd ˈkaʊntɪŋ) ɪn sæn frænˈsɪskoʊ. ðə loʊˈkeɪʃən: ðə hoʊˈtɛl ˈjuˌtɔ, ənd braɪənt, sæn frænˈsɪskoʊ ðə ˈbruəri: bruɪŋ ˈkəmpəˌni, ˈjuʤin, ˈɔrəˌgɑn ðə bɪr: ˈtoʊtəl ˌdɑməˈneɪʃən ənd bɪˈlivər ˈdəbəl rɛd eɪl __ðə ˈmɛθəd əv dɪˈspɛns: __hæf dræft paɪnts əv iʧ pɔrd ˈɪntu ʧɪld paɪnt ˈglæsɪz baɪ hoʊˈtɛl ˈjuˌtɔ ˌsupərˈstɑrz, kæt ənd ˈlɔrə. __haʊ ðeɪ fɛrd: __ɪt stændz tɪ ˈrizən ðət ə bɪr kɔld ˈtoʊtəl ˌdɑməˈneɪʃən wʊd stænd əp wɛl ɪn ˈɛni ˌkɑmpəˈtɪʃən. ənd ˈteɪstɪŋ ðɪs ˈdɛfənətli səˈpɔrts ðət aɪˈdiə. ɪts bɪg, ˈhɔpi ənd ˈvɛri, ˈvɛri ˈdrɪnkəbəl. fər ən, ðə hɑps ər ˈrɛlətɪvli smuð wɪˈθaʊt ˈgɪvɪŋ əp ˈɛni ˈfleɪvər ənd ˈkɑnsəkˌwɛntli ðə bɪr əˈpilz tɪ ˈləvərz ɛz wɛl ɛz ðoʊz hu maɪt ˈjuʒəwəli ʃaɪ əˈweɪ frəm ə bɪr ðət saʊnz laɪk ɪt maɪt ˈklɑbər ju. ˈmɛni əv ɑr ˈteɪstərz wər ˈdɛfənətli ˈɪntu biɪŋ ˈdɑməˌneɪtəd. "ɪt ˈdɑməˌneɪtəd maɪ teɪst bədz, wən ˈteɪstər sɛd. əˈnəðər toʊld ˈjuˈɛs ðət "ə ˈlɪtəl ˌdɑməˈneɪʃən goʊz ə lɔŋ weɪ." ɛz hoʊm bruər braɪən pʊt ɪt, ðə bɪr ɪz "ˈhɔpi, ˈbælənst, krɪsp, əˈmeɪzɪŋ!" bət ðə ˈtoʊtəl ˌdɑməˈneɪʃən keɪm əp əˈgɛnst ə ˈwərði əˈpoʊnənt læst naɪt, bɪˈlivər ˈdəbəl rɛd eɪl. ðɪs ˈkələrd bɪr həz ɪt ɔl: hɑps, mɔlt, kəmˈplɛksɪti, ˈkɛrɪktər, ˈbɑdi ənd drinkability*. ðɪs bɪr səˈpraɪzd ə lɔt əv ˈpipəl hu ˈhædənt ˈteɪstɪd ɪt ˌbiˈfɔr. ɪts ə ˈrɪli ˈsɑləd bɪr frəm stɑrt tɪ ˈfɪnɪʃ. səm ˈteɪstərz kɔld ɪt "fʊl ˈbɑdid" ənd ˈkiˌʃɔr ˈhɑri sɛd hi "ləvd ðə ˈfɪnɪʃ ɔn ðə rɛd. ˈhaɪli ˈdrɪnkəbəl." ɪt meɪ hæv bɪn ðɪs strɔŋ ˈkɑmˌboʊ ðət ˈəltəmətli əˈlaʊd ðə bɪˈlivər tɪ traɪəmf ənd muv ɔn ɪn ðə ˌkɑmpəˈtɪʃən. wəns əˈgɛn, ɛz wi hæv sin ˈoʊvər ənd ˈoʊvər ˈdʊrɪŋ ɑkˈtoʊbər ˈmædnəs, ðə ˈdɑrkər bɪr wən. ˈkəmɪŋ əp: ɑkˈtoʊbər 14 wɪl bi æt ðə ˌkæləˈfɔrnjə əˈkædəmi əv ˈsaɪənsɪz ɪn ˈgoʊldən geɪt pɑrk tɪ kɪk ɔf ðə ˈsɛkənd raʊnd əv ɑkˈtoʊbər ˈmædnəs ənd ˈsɛləˌbreɪt sharktoberfest*. ˈɪmɪʤɪz: deɪv steɪ tund tɪ ənd fər ˈəpˌdeɪts ɔn əˈtɛndɪŋ fˈjuʧər ɑkˈtoʊbər ˈmædnəs ɪˈvɛnts ɪn ðə beɪ ˈɛriə. ˈfɑloʊ ˈjuˈɛs ɔn tˈwɪtər æt ənd ənd ɔn ˈfeɪsˌbʊk. si ˈɔlsoʊ:
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we first learned of ninkasi brewing when some of beer robot's twitter followers suggested that because his goal is world domination, he should be serving total domination ipa. this seemed appropriate and last month when ninkasi, based in eugene, began distributing kegs in san francisco, beer robot was the first to receive total domination.
so wired staffers had a head start for enjoying this brewery's excellent beers, but we were joined by a good sized crowd at the hotel utah wednesday night where the ipa attempted to dominate ninkasi's believer double red ale. the utah is a popular drinking establishment among the wired staffers, and not just because it is right around the corner from our headquarters. the bar has character, its bartenders have character, its jukebox has character and its regulars are characters. all these attributes made it the perfect location to give ninkasi's beers a try.
but if you didn't make it to the event last night, look for ninkasi at bay area bevmo stores and around 25 bars (and counting) in san francisco.
the location: the hotel utah, 4th and bryant, san francisco
the brewery: ninkasi brewing company, eugene, oregon
the beer: total domination ipa and believer double red ale
__the method of dispense: __half draft pints of each poured into chilled pint glasses by hotel utah superstars, cat and laura.
__how they fared: __it stands to reason that a beer called total domination would stand up well in any competition. and tasting this ipa definitely supports that idea. it's big, hoppy and very, very drinkable. for an ipa, the hops are relatively smooth without giving up any flavor and consequently the beer appeals to ipa lovers as well as those who might usually shy away from a beer that sounds like it might clobber you.
many of our tasters were definitely into being dominated. "it dominated my taste buds, " one taster said. another told us that "a little domination goes a long way." as home brewer bryan hermannsson put it, the beer is "hoppy, balanced, crisp, amazing!"
but the total domination came up against a worthy opponent last night, believer double red ale. this deep-red colored beer has it all: hops, malt, complexity, character, body and drinkability. this beer surprised a lot of people who hadn't tasted it before. it's a really solid beer from start to finish.
some tasters called it "full bodied" and kishore hari said he "loved the finish on the red. highly drinkable." it may have been this strong combo that ultimately allowed the believer to triumph and move on in the competition. once again, as we have seen over and over during october madness, the darker beer won.
coming up: october 14, we'll be at the california academy of sciences in golden gate park to kick off the second round of october madness and celebrate sharktoberfest.
images: dave mosher/wired.com
stay tuned to @wiredplaybook and @beerrobot for updates on attending future october madness events in the bay area. follow us on twitter at @betsymason and @wiredplaybook and on facebook.
see also:
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ðə ˈkɑrənt rən əv ˈspaɪdərmæn 2099 həz kəm tɪ ən ɛnd. ðə ˈstɔri əv ə mæn aʊt əv taɪm traɪɪŋ tɪ seɪv ðə fˈjuʧər tərnd ˈɪntu ðə ˈstɔri əv ə mæn ˈtrævəlɪŋ θru speɪs ənd taɪm tɪ seɪv ðə ˈoʊnli ˈpərsən hi ˈrɪli kɛrd əˈbaʊt ɪn 2015 ɪn ˈspaɪdərmæn 2099 12 ˈpitər ˈdeɪvɪd ənd wɪl sˈlɪni əˈbændənd səm əv ðə series’*’ ˈbɪgər θimz ənd ˈfoʊkɪst ɔn wən əv ˈpərsɪnəl riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪps. ɪt ʤɪst ˈhæpənd tɪ bi pleɪd aʊt ɛz ˈbætəld ə ˈjumən ˈspaɪdər wɑsp əˈkrɔs mænˈhætən. ˈərliər ɪn ðə ˈsɪriz, wən əv maɪ ˈbɪgəst ˈwɪʃɪz wɑz fər ðə ɑrt tim tɪ gɪt mɔr ˌɑpərˈtunətiz tɪ ˈʃoʊˌkeɪs nu jɔrk, ənd ðɪs ˈɪʃu pæks ɪn mɔr ˈsɪti sinz ðən ˈɛvər. ˈɑrtɪst wɪl sˈlɪni ənd ˈkələr ˈɑrtɪsts ænˈtoʊnioʊ fɑˈbɛlə ənd ˈɑndreɪz gɪv ðə ˈsɪti ə greɪt lʊk ənd gloʊ baɪ peɪɪŋ əˈtɛnʃən tɪ smɔl ˈditeɪlz. ðɛr ər θɪŋz laɪk ðə cars’*’ ˈhɛˌdlaɪts prɑˈʤɛktɪŋ ˈɔntu ðə strit ðət ˈrɪli brɪŋ ðə ˈsɪti tɪ laɪf. sˈlɪni gɪts ɪn əˈnəðər wən əv hɪz ˈtreɪdˌmɑrk ʃɑkt ˈfeɪsɪz ɪn ə greɪt ˈpænəl ðət həz ðə rɪˈflɛkʃən əv ðə ˈbætəl ˈvɪzəbəl ɪn ðə ˈwɪndˌʃild əv ə ˈhɛlɪˌkɑptər (ə greɪt ˈrənɪŋ gæg θruaʊt ðə ˈsɪriz). ðɛr meɪ hæv bɪn wən mɪst ˌɑpərˈtunəti ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə ˈbætəl sin tɪ ʃoʊ mɔr əv ə aɪ vju əv ðə ˌsɪʧuˈeɪʃən. sˈlɪni ɪkˈsɛlz wɪn hi pʊlz bæk ənd ʃoʊz ðə skeɪl əv ðə ˈsɛtɪŋ. ɪn ðɪs keɪs, ˈtɛmpəst teɪks mɪˈgɛl θru ə ˈwɪndoʊ ənd klaɪmz tɪ ən ˈæltəˌtud wɛr ˈpɑsəbəl tɪ slæm ɪm ˈɪntu ə ˈhɛlɪˌkɑptər. ðɛn mɪˈgɛl əˈkrɔs mænˈhætən ˈɪntu ˈsɛntrəl pɑrk æt spidz əv əˈbaʊt 100 ˈɛmˈpiˈeɪʧ. aɪ ləvd tɪ hæv sin æt list wən ˈwaɪdər ˈpænəl, laɪk wi sɔ ɪn ˈpriviəs ˈbætəlz wɪθ ðə ˈskɔrpiən ənd daemos*. ˈvɛri ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪŋ ðət ðɪs ˈsɪriz ɛndz wɪˈθaʊt ˈɛni ˈmɛnʃən əv ər stoʊn ɪn ðə ˈfaɪnəl ˈɪʃu ənd ˌɪnˈstɛd ˈfoʊkɪsɪz ɔn riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪp wɪθ ˈtɛmpəst. θruaʊt ðə ɪnˈtaɪər ˈsɪriz, hɪz ˈpərsɪnəl ˌɪnərˈækʃənz wər ˈprɑbəˌbli wən əv hɪz ˈwikəst kˈwɑlətiz! ˈnɛvər simd tɪ kɛr tu məʧ əˈbaʊt əˈnəðər ˈpərsən ˌbiˈfɔr. kənˈsɪdərd ˈkɪlɪŋ lɪz ˈælən ə ˈkəpəl əv taɪmz ənd hi bɑrkt æt ðə stim pəŋk ˈleɪdi ˈspaɪdər ɔl θruaʊt ““spider-verse.”*.” bət naʊ duɪŋ ˌwəˈtɛvər ɪt teɪks tɪ seɪv wən ˈwʊmən frəm 2015 (ˌɔlˈðoʊ hi ʃʊr wɑz ə ˈlɪtəl tu ˈkɑnfədənt ðət ˈməltəpəl ˈgənˌʃɑts wʊd nɑt kɪl hər). aɪ θɪŋk ðɪs ɪz ə ˈkɑnʃəs dɪˈsɪʒən ðət sɪz ɑr ˌɪndəˈvɪʤəwəl riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪps ər mɔr ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt ðən səm əv ðə ˈəðər θɪŋz ɪn ðə bɪg ˈpɪkʧər. ðə roʊl əv ðə pəˈlis ɪn ðɪs ˈɪʃu ɪz əv səm ˌɪmˈpɔrtəns. wɪθ ɔl ðə ˈrisənt ˈhɛˌdlaɪnz əˈkrɔs ðə ˈkəntri ˌɪnˈvɑlvɪŋ pəˈlis ˈproʊˌtɛsts, ˈɛni pɔrˈtreɪəl ɪn ðə ɑrts ɪz goʊɪŋ tɪ əˈtrækt ˈɛkstrə ˈskrutəni; ˈdeɪvɪd ˈivɪn həz mɪˈgɛl meɪk ˈrɛfərəns tɪ ðɪs ɪn ˈsɛntrəl pɑrk. ɪn ðɪs sin, ðə ˌɪndəˈvɪʤəwəl ˈɔfɪsər ɪz ˈeɪbəl tɪ ˌəndərˈstænd ðə ˈkɑntɛkst əv ðə ˌsɪʧuˈeɪʃən, bət wɪn ˈbæˌkəp əraɪvz, ðə fərst ˈɪnstɪŋkt ɪz tɪ pɔɪnt gənz æt mɪˈgɛl ənd dɪˈmænd sərˈɛndər. ðɪs kʊd bi ˌɪnˈtərprətəd ɛz ə ˌsɪmpəˈθɛtɪk pli fər ðə pəˈlis. sɪns ðɪs ɪz ðə ɛnd əv ðə ɛnd əv ðə ˈsɪriz, lʊk bæk æt ɑrk θruaʊt ðə bʊk. hɪz ˈmɪʃən wɑz tɪ ʧeɪnʤ ə ʤaɪənt ˌkɔrpərˈeɪʃən, frəm ðə ˌɪnˈsaɪd, ənd prɪˈvɛnt ɪt frəm bɪˈkəmɪŋ ðə ˈivəl bɪg ˈbrəðər əv 2099 dɪˈspaɪt ən ˈərli ˈvɪktəri ɪn ðə ˈsɪriz, hi ˈəltəmətli feɪld æt ðɪs tæsk. mɪˈgɛl wɑz əˈneɪbəl tɪ ʧeɪnʤ ðə feɪt əv ən ɪnˈtaɪər ˈsɪti. hi wɑz ˈoʊnli ˈeɪbəl tɪ ʧeɪnʤ ðə fˈjuʧər əv wən ˈwʊmən. ˈmeɪbi ðə ˈmɔrəl əv ðə ˈsɪriz: ðət wi ʧeɪnʤ ðə ɪnˈtaɪər wərld, bət wi kən ʧeɪnʤ ðə lɪvz əv ðə ˌɪndəˈvɪʤəwəlz əraʊnd ˈjuˈɛs. ɔn ðə ˈəðər hænd, ˈmeɪbi ˈstɔri dən ʤɪst jɛt. si ɪf hi rɪˈmeɪnz ə mæn aʊt əv taɪm wɪn wars”*” ɛndz. ˈdeɪvɪd livz ˈplɛnti əv ˈklɪfˌhæŋərz ənd lus ɛndz tɪ græb ɔn tɪ ɪf ðə ˈsɪriz ʤəmp stɑrts əˈgɛn. ənd bi ˈrɛdi tɪ ʤɔɪn ɪm fər ðə raɪd. pɪn 48 ʃɛrz ˈspaɪdərmæn 2099 12 ˌrivˈju kaɪl meɪ 17 2015 10 ˈpitər ˈdeɪvɪd meɪd ən ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪŋ ʧɔɪs baɪ ˈɛndɪŋ ðə ˈsɪriz wɪˈθaʊt ˈmɛnʃənɪŋ ðə bʊks ərˈɪʤənəl ˈkɑnsɛpt, ˌɪmˈplaɪɪŋ ðət ˌɪndəˈvɪʤəwəl riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪps ər mɔr ˈwərði əv ˈseɪvɪŋ ðən ðə fˈjuʧər. meɪ 17 2015
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the current run of spider-man 2099 has come to an end. the story of a man out of time trying to save the future turned into the story of a man traveling through space and time to save the only person he really cared about in 2015. in spider-man 2099 #12 peter david and will sliney abandoned some of the series’ bigger themes and focused on one of miguel’s personal relationships. it just happened to be played out as miggy battled a human spider wasp across manhattan.
earlier in the series, one of my biggest wishes was for the art team to get more opportunities to showcase new york, and this issue packs in more city scenes than ever. artist will sliney and color artists antonio fabela and andres mossa give the city a great look and glow by paying attention to small details. there are things like the cars’ headlights projecting onto the street that really bring the city to life. sliney gets in another one of his trademark shocked faces in a great panel that has the reflection of the battle visible in the windshield of a helicopter (a great running gag throughout the series).
there may have been one missed opportunity during the battle scene to show more of a bird’s eye view of the situation. sliney excels when he pulls back and shows the scale of the setting. in this case, tempest takes miguel through a window and climbs to an altitude where it’s possible to slam him into a helicopter. then miguel wing-glides across manhattan into central park at speeds of about 100 mph. i would’ve loved to have seen at least one wider panel, like we saw in previous battles with the scorpion and daemos.
it’s very interesting that this series ends without any mention of alchemax or tiberius stone in the final issue and instead focuses on miguel’s relationship with tempest. throughout the entire series, his personal interactions were probably one of his weakest qualities! he’s never seemed to care too much about another person before. he’s considered killing liz allan a couple of times and he barked at the steam punk lady spider all throughout “spider-verse.” but now he’s doing whatever it takes to save one woman from 2015 (although he sure was a little too confident that multiple gunshots would not kill her). i think this is a conscious decision that says our individual relationships are more important than some of the other things in the big picture.
the role of the police in this issue is of some importance. with all the recent headlines across the country involving police protests, any portrayal in the arts is going to attract extra scrutiny; david even has miguel make reference to this in central park. in this scene, the individual officer is able to understand the context of the situation, but when backup arrives, the group’s first instinct is to point guns at miguel and demand surrender. this could be interpreted as a sympathetic plea for the police.
since this is the end of the end of the series, let’s look back at miguel’s arc throughout the book. his mission was to change a giant corporation, from the inside, and prevent it from becoming the evil big brother of 2099. despite an early victory in the series, he ultimately failed at this task. miguel was unable to change the fate of an entire city. he was only able to change the future of one woman. maybe that’s the moral of the series: that we can’t change the entire world, but we can change the lives of the individuals around us.
on the other hand, maybe miguel’s story isn’t done just yet. we’ll see if he remains a man out of time when “secret wars” ends. david leaves plenty of cliffhangers and loose ends to grab on to if the series jump starts again. and i’ll be ready to join him for the ride.
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spider-man 2099 #12 – review kyle chrise may 17, 2015 7.5 / 10 peter david made an interesting choice by ending the series without mentioning the book's original concept, implying that individual relationships are more worthy of saving than the future. may 17, 2015
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ˈpoʊstɪd ˈmənˌdeɪ, 30 ʤun 2008 ðɪs ˈɑrtɪkəl sɔrs: ðə ˈfɑloʊɪŋ ɪz ən ˈɛksərpt frəm ˈkɑmənˌtɛri ðət ərˈɪʤənəli əˈpɪrd æt ˈtrɛʒər ʧɛsts fər ðə ˈbɛnəfɪt əv səbˈskraɪbərz ɔn ˈtuzˌdeɪ, ʤun 10th*, 2008 əˈbəv ðə lɔ wɛr ˌfaɪˈnænʃəl əˈθɔrətiz, pəˈlɪtɪˌkoʊz, ənd ˈbjʊrəˌkræts θɪŋk ðeɪ ər ə fɑrs ˈʤəstəˌfaɪd ɔn ðə ˈprɛmɪs ɪkˈstrim taɪmz ˈʤəstəˌfaɪ ɪkˈstrim ˈmɛʒərz. mɔˈroʊvər, ðeɪ ruˈtinli laɪ ənd ʧit ðə ˈpəblɪk aʊt ðɛr ˈseɪvɪŋz tɪ prəˈtɛkt ðɛr oʊn pəˈzɪʃənz, ɛz əˈpoʊzd tɪ ˈlɪvɪŋ əp tɪ əv ˈɔfəs ənd ˈsərvɪŋ ðə ˈɪntəˌrɛst. səm meɪ seɪ ðɪs həz ˈɔlˌweɪz bɪn tru, ənd pərˈhæps ðɪs ɪz ðə keɪs, ˈivɪn wɪˈθɪn ɑr ˈmɑdərn ˈɪrə əv ˌgloʊbəlɪˈzeɪʃən, ˌtɛknəˈlɑʤɪkəl ədˈvænsmənt, ənd ˈmɑdərn soʊˈsaɪɪti. ənd ɪf ju soʊ teɪk ə kloʊz lʊk æt ɪt, θɪŋz hæv bɪn ˈgɪtɪŋ wərs ɪn ðɪs rɪˈspɛkt sɪns ˈnɪksən drɑpt ðə goʊld ˈstændərd ɪn 1971 əˈlɔŋ wɪθ ə lɔs əv ˈfridəm ənd ˈlɪbərˌtiz. ju si ðə ˈθɪŋkɪŋ ɪz ˈwɛstərn soʊˈsaɪɪti həz bɪn kəmˈplitli kərˈəptɪd ɔn wən ˈlɛvəl (əˈfɪʃəldəm), ənd ɪz ɔn əˈnəðər (ðə ˈpəblɪk), ˈɛvɪdənst ɪn ðə əˈbɪləˌti tɪ nɑt peɪ ɪts ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl dɛts wɪθ ˈtænʤəbəl (non-depreciable*) ˈməni, əˈlɔŋ wɪθ ðə ˈbæŋkɪŋ əˈbɪləˌti tɪ stil jʊr ˈseɪvɪŋz ˈɛvəri deɪ wɪθ ðɪs seɪm dɪˌpriʃiˈeɪʃən. ənd tɪ ðɪs deɪ ˈwɛstərn ˈbæŋkərz kənˈtɪnju əˈtɛmptɪŋ tɪ pʊʃ ðɛr əˈʤɛndə ɔn ˌənsəˈspɛktɪŋ ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃənz ˈəndər ðə gaɪz əv ˌgloʊbəlɪˈzeɪʃən, ənd ər səkˈsɛsfəl æt ɪt. soʊ ðə kˈwɛʃən ðɛn ərˈaɪzɪz waɪ nɑt kip laɪɪŋ? ˌɪnˈdid waɪ nɑt ɛz paʊər kərəpts ənd ðeɪ du. waɪl tru ðiz ˈkɑnsɛpts maɪt bi tu kɔrs fər ðə ˈævərɪʤ mæn, nɑt ðət ðeɪ wʊd kɛr ɪf stɪl fæt, pərˈhæps ɪf pʊt ɪn ˈdɪfərənt tərmz, ənd ˈsərtənli wəns ðə ɪˈkɑnəmi bɪˈgɪnz tɪ ˈsəfər ɔn ə ˈbrɔdər ˈlɛvəl, ˈpipəl maɪt wəns əˈgɛn bɪˈgɪn tɪ kɛr mɔr əˈbaʊt prəˈtɛktɪŋ ðɛr ˈsɪvəl ˈlɪbərˌtiz, wɛlθ, ənd ˈseɪvɪŋz. ðɪs ɪz waɪ tɪ kənˈtɪnju ðɪs frɔd, goʊld (ənd ˈsɪlvər) məst bi kənˈteɪnd, soʊ ðət ðə ˈbɪgəst laɪ əv ɔl wɪn ɪt kəmz tɪ ðə ˈlɑrʤər ˌfaɪˈnænʃəl ˈsɪstəm, ənd ðə wɛlθ, ɪz nɑt ɪkˈspoʊzd. soʊ, ðɪs ɪz waɪ ðə bjʊˈrɑkrəsi wɪl boʊld feɪs laɪ ənˈtɪl ðeɪ ər blu, bɪˈkəz tɪ du ðə ˈɑpəzɪt wʊd ˈtrɪgər ə proʊˈfaʊnd ənˈrævəlɪŋ əv ðə ˌfaɪˈnænʃəl ˈsɪstəm ɔn ðɛr wɔʧ, wɪʧ wʊd bi pəˈlɪtɪkəl ˈsuɪˌsaɪd ɔn ˈməltəpəl ˈlɛvəlz. ðɪs minz ðət ɪf goʊld ənd ˈsɪlvər wər tɪ bɪˈgɪn ˈraɪzɪŋ ˈræpədli, ɛz sˈlipi ənd kənfˈjuzd ɛz ðeɪ meɪ bi ɔn səʧ ˈɪʃuz, ðə ˈpəblɪk wʊd sɛns ˈsəmθɪŋ big* ɪz rɔŋ, ənd meɪ nɑt ˈoʊnli bɪˈgɪn əˈtɛmptɪŋ tɪ seɪv wɛlθ ɛz əˈpoʊzd tɪ ˈspɛkjəˌleɪt ɪn ɪt, wɪθ ˈprɛʃəs ˈmɛtəlz ənˈdaʊtɪdli bɪˈkəmɪŋ ə mɔr ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt ˈɛləmənt wɪˈθɪn ðə pɔrtˈfoʊliˌoʊ baɪ ðə deɪ. ju si, goʊld ənd ˈsɪlvər ər ˈɑnəst ˈməni hɑrd ərnd ˈməni ðət məst bi maɪnd aʊt ðə graʊnd ɛz əˈpoʊzd tɪ bi kriˈeɪtɪd æt ðə wɪm əv ə ˈbæŋkər. ðɪs minz ju laɪ əˈbaʊt ðə ˈvælju əv goʊld ənd ˈsɪlvər fərˈɛvər, wɪʧ ɪz ðə keɪs æt ˈprɛzənt beɪst ɔn rɪˈlaɪəbəl ˈrɛlətɪv ˈmɛʒərz ðət wɪl bi dɪˈskəst ˈfərðər bɪˈloʊ. ju meɪ bi ˈæskɪŋ ˈjɔrsɛlf waɪ aɪ æm ˈbrɪŋɪŋ ɔl ðɪs əp raɪt naʊ ɪf bɪn wɪθ ˈjuˈɛs fər soʊ lɔŋ, ənd ˈnəθɪŋ ˈɛvər simz tɪ gɪt dən əˈbaʊt ɪt. waɪ ðɛn? ˌbiˈsaɪdz ðə ˈɑbviəs ɪn tərmz əv ðə ˈpəblɪk ˈnidɪŋ tɪ du mɔr əˈbaʊt prəˈtɛktɪŋ ɪts oʊn ˈlɪbərˌtiz, wɪʧ ɪz ˈlaɪkli ə lɔst kɔz ˈgɪvɪn ðə əˈmaʊnt əv breɪn ˈdæmɪʤ əˈpɛrənt, ɪt ɪz stɪl ˈpɑsəbəl fər kənˈsərnd ˌɪndəˈvɪʤəwəlz tɪ prəˈtɛkt ðɛmˈsɛlvz. ənd waɪ wi ər hir dɪr ˈridər, tɪ sərv jʊr bɛst ˈɪntərɪsts, soʊ rɛd ɔn, ɛz greɪt ˌɑpərˈtunəti ɪgˈzɪsts ɪn ðə ˈprɛʃəs ˈmɛtəlz market(s*) æt ˈprɛzənt. ɪn fækt, ɪf tɛd ˈbətlər ɪz raɪt, ənd məʧ laɪk ðə ˌsɪʧuˈeɪʃən ɪn krud ɔɪl æt ˈprɛzənt, ˈprɛʃəs ˈmɛtəlz, ənd mɔr spəˈsɪfɪkli ˈsɪlvər ɪz nɛkst ɪn laɪn tɪ bi baɪ ə ˈroʊlɪŋ ˈspɛkjələtɪv ˈmeɪniə ðət græbz hoʊld əv kəˈmɑdətiz wən baɪ wən ənd aʊt ðə bɛrz ɪn ə ʃɔrt skwiz. haʊ ˈmænɪk ˈbəbəl ˈpraɪsɪŋ ˈɛpɪˌsoʊdz əˈkər ju ʃʊd noʊ. hir, ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt tɪ ˌəndərˈstænd ðət ɛˈsɛnʃəl kəˈmɑdətiz laɪk krud ər nɑt ɪn ˌənsəˈsteɪnəbəl ˈbəbəlz wɪn ðɪs əˈkərz, ʤɪst ðət tɪ riʧ ˈpraɪsɪŋ kənˈsɪstənt wɪθ ˌfəndəˈmɛnəlz ɪn ðɪs keɪs (wɪʧ ðə keɪs wɪθ tɛk stɑks baɪ ðə weɪ), ˈɔfən, ɪn ðə ɛnd, ðə məˈʤɔrəti əv praɪs geɪnz ər pʊt ɔn ɛz ə rɪˈzəlt əv ə ʃɔrt skwiz. ðɪs ɪz wət ɪz ˈhæpənɪŋ ɪn ðə ˈɛnərʤiz. ənd wəns ˈtreɪdərz ər ˈfɪnɪʃt ˈpraɪsɪŋ hæf ðə ˈplænət aʊt əv ðə ˈɛnərʤi ˈmɑrkɪt ɪn əˈlaɪnɪŋ ˈpraɪsɪz tɪ ðə ˌfəndəˈmɛnəl ˈbækˌdrɑp, ðeɪ roʊl bæk ˈoʊvər tɪ ˈprɛʃəs ˈmɛtəlz tɪ kənˈtɪnju ðɪs ˈprɔˌsɛs ˈoʊvər ðɛr ɛz wɛl. ɔˈrɛdi ˈmɛni kʊd nɑt əˈfɔrd tɪ baɪ ən aʊns əv goʊld ɪf ðɛr lɪvz dɪˈpɛndɪd ɔn ɪt, wɪʧ ɪz waɪ gold*, ˈsɪlvər, bɪˈkəmz ˌɪnˈkrisɪŋ ˈpɑpjələr ɛz ˈpraɪsɪz kənˈtɪnju tɪ raɪz. soʊ, ɪf tɛd ˈbətlər ɪz raɪt ðɛn, wɪʧ ɪz ˈlaɪkli ðə keɪs, ðɛn wi ʃʊd ˈfaɪnəli bi kloʊz tɪ wət maɪt pruv tɪ bi ðə ˈgreɪtəst ʃɔrt skwiz ɪn ðə ˈhɪstəri əv ˌfaɪˈnænʃəl ˈmɑrkɪts, wɛr ˈprɛʃəs ˈmɛtəlz ˈpraɪsɪz sɔr, lɛd baɪ ˈsɪlvər. hir, ðə θɔt ˈprɔˌsɛs ɪz wɪθ ðə məˈʤɔrəti əv praɪs geɪnz ˈlaɪkli bɪˈhaɪnd ˈjuˈɛs ɔˈrɛdi, kəmˈbaɪnd wɪθ ðə fækt ˈmɑnəˌtɛri ˈægrəgət ˈmɛʒərz ər haɪər, wɪʧ ˌɪnˈkludz ðə ˈmɑnəˌtɛri beɪs, ˈroʊlɪŋ pulz əv hɛʤ fənd beɪst money* wɪl bi ˈlʊkɪŋ fər nu tɪ bubblize*. ənd ˈivɪn ɪf nɑt fər ðə raɪt ˈrizən (tɪ prəˈtɛkt wɛlθ), ɪf ðə hɑt ˈməni dɪz bɪˈgɪn tɪ floʊ ˈɪntu ðə ˈsɪlvər ˈmɑrkɪt, ɔl hɛl kʊd breɪk lus wɪθ ˈfɪzɪkəl səˈplaɪz ɪn səʧ ʃɔrt ˈɔrdər ɛz smɔl ˌɪnˈvɛstərz pɪk əˈweɪ æt ɪt. ɪn ðɪs rɪˈspɛkt ɪt ʃʊd bi ˈrɛkəgˌnaɪzd ðət æt ˈprɛzənt ðɛr əˈpɪrz tɪ bi ə groʊɪŋ ˈʃɔrtɪʤ əv ˈfɪzɪkəl səˈplaɪ ɔn ðə ˈmɑrkɪt ɛz ˈɛvɪdənst ɪn ðə ˈjuˈɛs mɪnt ˈhævɪŋ tɪ ˈdræstɪkli kət bæk ɔn pərˈdəkʃən dɪˈlɪvəri tɪ ˈdilərz. əv kɔrs wən wʊd θɪŋk ðət wɪθ ən əˈpɛrənt ˈfɪzɪkəl ˈʃɔrtɪʤ haɪər ˈpraɪsɪz ʃʊd bi ə brainer* raɪt? ðɪs ɪz ɪf ðə lɔz əv səˈplaɪ ənd dɪˈmænd ər ˈwərkɪŋ ˈprɑpərli ɪn ðə ˈsɪlvər ˈmɑrkɪt. fər ðoʊz hu ˌəndərˈstænd ðə ˈlɑrʤər ˌsɪʧuˈeɪʃən ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ju noʊ waɪ ðɪs həz nɑt bɪn ðə keɪs, nɑt wɪθ əˈtæʧmənt tɪ goʊld, ənd ðə dɪˈzaɪər əv ðə bjʊˈrɑkrəsi tɪ səˈprɛs ɪt səʧ ðət ðə ˈpəblɪk rɪˈmeɪnz əsˈlip, ənd dɪˈmænd rɪˈmeɪnz ˈrɛlətɪvli səbˈdud. haʊ ɪz ðɪs dən ɪf ðɛr ɪz mɔr dɪˈmænd fər ðə ˈfɪzɪkəl ˈmɛtəl ðən səˈplaɪ? ˈæftər ɔl, wi du lɪv ɪn ə ˈfɪzɪkəl wərld ɪn ðə ɛnd. ˈænsər: baɪ θroʊɪŋ ə ˈblɪzərd əv ˈneɪkəd ʃɔrt ˈɔrdərz æt ðə ˈpraɪˌmɛri ˈpeɪpər ˈpraɪsɪŋ ˈmɛkəˌnɪzəm ɔn ðə ˈkɑˌmɛks ˈmɑrkɪt fər wən θɪŋ, əˈlɔŋ wɪθ ˈhævɪŋ jʊr ˈeɪʤənts laɪ θru ðɛr tiθ (lɛst wi fərˈgɛt ðiz ˈʤoʊkərz θɪŋk ðeɪ ər əˈbəv ðə lɔ) əˈbaʊt ðə tru steɪt əv ðə ˈmɑrkɪt. ɛz ju wʊd noʊ frəm ˈrɛdɪŋ tɛd ˈrɛgjələr ˌrivˈju əv ˈsɪlvər ˈmɑrkɪt internals*, ðɪs həz bɪn ðə ˌsɪʧuˈeɪʃən fər səm taɪm naʊ. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, wɪθ ðə dɪˈspɛrəti bɪtˈwin ˈfɪzɪkəl ənd ˈpeɪpər ˈpraɪsɪŋ ˈmɛkəˌnɪzəmz bɪˈkəmɪŋ strɛʧt tɪ ðə ɪkˈstrim əv leɪt, ðɪs maɪt ˈfaɪnəli bi sɛt tɪ ʧeɪnʤ. hir ɪz ə ʧɑrt ˈbɑˌroʊd frəm ʤin ˈkɑləm ðɪs wik ʃoʊɪŋ ðət ðə nɛt ˈkɔnsənˌtreɪtɪd kəˈmərʃəl (bæŋks) ʃɔrt pəˈzɪʃən həz ˈnɛvər bɪn ˈgreɪtər ðən æt ˈprɛzənt. tu bæd wi hæv ˈækˌsɛs tɪ wɛl dɪˈlɪniˌeɪtɪd ənd mɔr ˈfrikˌwɛnt (otc*) ˈdætə bɪˈkəz ə ˈvɛri lɑrʤ nɛt ʃɔrt pəˈzɪʃən ɪgˈzɪsts hir tu. fər ðə ˈfaɪnəl əv læst jɪr ˌhaʊˈɛvər, wi du noʊ ˈkərtəsi əv ðə moʊst ˈrisənt bɪs dərˈɪvətɪvz ˈmɑrkɪt ækˈtɪvɪti rɪˈpɔrt ðət ˌkɑnsənˈtreɪʃənz əv ðɪs ˈpeɪpər ɪz groʊɪŋ ə ˈænjuwəˌlaɪzd klɪp ɪn ðə goʊld ˈmɑrkɪt, wɪʧ fɑr aʊtˈstrɪps ˈɛniˌθɪŋ ˈhæpənɪŋ ɔn ˈkɑˌmɛks. (si ˈfɪgjər 1 ˈfɪgjər 1 ənd ɛz əˈludəd tɪ əˈbəv, hir ɪz ə lʊk æt lɛs ˈkɔnsənˌtreɪtɪd, bət stɪl kəmˈpɛlɪŋ kəˈmɪtmənt əv ˈtreɪdərz (kɑt) ˈproʊˌfaɪl. (si ˈfɪgjər 2 ˈfɪgjər 2 haʊ kən ðɪs bi ðɛn, əˈspɛʃəli fər ən ɪkˈstɛndɪd ˈpɪriəd əv taɪm? wɛl, fər wən θɪŋ, ənd əˈgɛn, ɛz əˈludəd tɪ əˈbəv, wən məst ˌəndərˈstænd ðət goʊld, ənd ɪts ˈlɛsər ˈmɑnəˌtɛri ˈsɪstər ˈsərəˌgeɪt, ˈsɪlvər, ər pəˈlɪtɪkəl ˈmɛtəlz mɔr ðən ˈɛniˌθɪŋ ɛls. soʊ, noʊɪŋ ðɪs, ənd wɪθ ðə ˈsɪlvər ˈmɑrkɪt biɪŋ smɔl ənd ˈizəli kənˈtroʊld, æt list əp ənˈtɪl naʊ, ðə praɪs ˈmænɪʤmənt ˈeɪʤənts (ˈbʊljən bæŋks ˈæktɪŋ fər ðə fɛd) hæv ˈteɪkən ɪt əˈpɑn ðɛmˈsɛlvz tɪ ˈkɑnsənˌtreɪt ɔn ðɪs ˈmɑrkɪt ɪn ˈɔrdər tɪ kip boʊθ ˈbrəðər ənd ˈsɪstər kənˈteɪnd, wɛr ɪf ðə seɪm ˈɛksərˌsaɪz (ˌkɑnsənˈtreɪʃən) wər əˈtɛmptəd ɪn ðə ˈlɑrʤər goʊld ˈmɑrkɪt ˈsoʊəli, ˈfeɪljər maɪt hæv kəm lɔŋ əˈgoʊ. bi ðət ɛz ɪt meɪ ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ənd ɛz səˈʤɛstɪd ˈərliər, wi meɪ ˈfaɪnəli bi æt ðə ˈmoʊmənt əv truθ fər ˈsɪlvər, ənd ˌkɔrəˈspɑndɪŋli goʊld, bɪˈkəz ðə ˌkɑmbəˈneɪʃən əv ˈməʃˌrʊmɪŋ ənd ˌənkənˈtroʊləbəl ˈprɑbləmz ɪn ðə ˈlɑrʤər dərˈɪvətɪvz ˈmɑrkɪt, ənd ðə læk əv ˈfɪzɪkəl səˈplaɪz meɪ ˈfaɪnəli bi ɪˈnəf tɪ gɪt səm əv ðə ʃɔrts tɪ stɑrt ˈkəvərɪŋ ðɛr pəˈzɪʃənz. ənd ðɪs maɪt bi əˈspɛʃəli tru ɪf rɪˈleɪtɪd dərˈɪvətɪvz pəˈzɪʃənz ɪn ðə (ˈkərənsiz) market(s*) bɪˈgɪn tɪ ˈsəfər frəm ˈkaʊntər ˈpɑrti rɪsk. ʤɪst traɪ ənd ˌɪˈmæʤən wət wʊd ˈhæpən ɪf æt ðə seɪm ˈmoʊmənt, du tɪ ðə ˈhaɪli ˈɪnəˌgreɪtɪd ˈneɪʧər əv rɪsk, wi hæv ɪˈnəf bɪdz tɪ teɪk aʊt ɔl ɪgˈzɪstɪŋ ˈfɪzɪkəl səˈplaɪz əv boʊθ goʊld ənd ˈsɪlvər ɪn ten-minutes*. ðɪs ɪz ˈpɑsəbəl ju ʃʊd noʊ, bɪˈkəz ðɛr ɪz ˈhənərdz əv ˈtrɪljənz wərθ əv ˌwəˈtɛvər faɪæt ˈkərənsi ju wɪʃ tɪ tɔk əˈbaʊt ɪn ðə wərld ðət wɪl ɔl bi ˈlʊkɪŋ fər ə hoʊm æt ðə seɪm taɪm æt səm pɔɪnt ɪn ðə nɑt tu ˈdɪstənt fˈjuʧər. ˈəndər səʧ kənˈdɪʃənz ˈsɪlvər kʊd gæp haɪər baɪ 10 ɪn ə nu jɔrk ˈmɪnət. soʊ, ɪf ˈhɪstəri ɪz ə gʊd gaɪd ðɛn, wɛr wi hæv ə ˈvɛri gʊd ɪgˈzæmpəl æt ˈprɛzənt ɪn ðə ˈɛnərʤiz ˈmɑrkɪt, boʊθ ðə ˈbæŋkərz ɪn nu jɔrk ənd pəˈlɪtɪˌkoʊz ɪn ˈwɔʃɪŋtən ər goʊɪŋ tɪ faɪnd aʊt ðeɪ ər nɑt əˈbəv ðə lɔ. ənd ðɪs ˌɪnˈkludz nɑt ˈoʊnli ˈmænˈmeɪd lɔz, bət ðoʊz ɪn ˈneɪʧər ɛz wɛl. bɪˈkəz wəns wi ˈjumənz bɪˈgɪn tɪ ˈpænɪk, ˈkreɪzi θɪŋz bɪˈgɪn tɪ ˈhæpən, laɪk siɪŋ krud ɔɪl ˈmeɪkɪŋ ə fər 150 ər goʊld ˈʃutɪŋ pæst ɛz ɪf ðə ˈbɛriər ˈivɪn ɪgˈzɪst, ɪf wi meɪ tɔk əˈbaʊt ðə ˈmɛtəl əv kɪŋz fər ʤɪst ə ˈmoʊmənt. ðə bɪg ˈnəmbər ɪn keɪs ju hæv fərˈgɑtən smackeroos*. wəns goʊld gɪts pæst ðɪs ˈpraɪsɪŋ ˈhərdəl, wɪʧ ʃʊd bi noʊ ˈprɑbləm aʊns ə ˈpænɪk sɛts ˈɪntu ðə market(s*), ju wɪl noʊ ðə bɪg skwiz ɪz ɔn, wɪθ ə greɪt dil əv pəˈtɛnʃəl hir tɪ seɪ ðə list. ɔl wi nid fər ðɪs tɪ ˈhæpən ɪz fər ðə ɔlˈtərnətɪvz tɪ kənˈtɪnju draɪɪŋ əp, wɛr ɪn keɪs ju ˈnoʊtɪs ðɪs meɪ ˈfaɪnəli bi ðə ˌsɪʧuˈeɪʃən ɛz ɪt pərˈteɪnz tɪ ðə dɛt ˈmɑrkɪts. ˈsərtənli ˌɪnˈvɛstərz ər nɑt goʊɪŋ nɪr kənˈsumər dɛt, nɑt wɪθ ˈɛvəri ˈmɛʒər əv kənˈsumər ˈkrɛdɪt ˈkræʃɪŋ. ənd ɪf kənˈsumərz ər ˈkræʃɪŋ, ˌkɔrpərˈeɪʃənz ˈkænɑt bi fɑr bɪˈhaɪnd, wɛr ˈfaɪnəli, wɪθ pʊt kɔl ˈreɪʃiˌoʊz ɔn ˈjuˈɛs ˈɪndɛksɪz ˈtrɛndɪŋ loʊər (ˈminɪŋ ðə ʃɔrt skwiz ɪz ˈoʊvər), ˈpraɪsɪz ʃʊd bɪˈgɪn tɪ rɪˈflɛkt ə ˈkloʊzər əˌprɑksəˈmeɪʃən əv ˌriˈæləˌti sun hir tu. ðɪs ˈoʊnli livz ˈsɑvrən dɛt ɪn keɪs ju hæv nɑt bɪn ˈkipɪŋ træk, wɪʧ əv kɔrs həz ˈɔlsoʊ bɪn ˈæktɪŋ əp əv leɪt wɪθ kɔr ˌɪnˈfleɪʃən ˈmɛʒərz (kənˈtraɪvd ɛz ðeɪ meɪ bi), ˈstoʊkɪŋ ˌɪnˈfleɪʃən fɪrz. wən ʃʊd noʊt praɪs ˈmænɪʤərz kənˈtɪnju əˈtɛmptɪŋ tɪ kip ðə ˈpəblɪk kɑm wɪθ mɔr laɪz ɪn ðɪs rɪˈspɛkt, bət ðə laɪz ər ˈrənɪŋ θɪn ðiz deɪz wɪθ ˈpɑkət bʊks ˌɪnˈkrisɪŋgli taɪt du tɪ ðə ˌriˈæləˌti əv ðə ˌsɪʧuˈeɪʃən. ənd wət wi ər ˈtɔkɪŋ əˈbaʊt hir ɪn ðə ɛnd ˈæftər ɔl ðə ˌriˈæləˌti əv ðə ˌsɪʧuˈeɪʃən. əˈlɔŋ ðiz laɪnz ðɛn, sɪns ðɪs ɪz wət wi ər ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪd ɪn ˈmɛʒərɪŋ, teɪk ə lʊk æt ðə ʧɑrts tɪ si wɛr wi ər naʊ ðət wi noʊ ðət beɪst ɔn ðə əˈbəv, ˌfəndəˈmɛnəlz ər ˈpɑzətɪvli əˈlaɪnd fər goʊld ənd ˈsɪlvər. hir, ɪn meɪnˈteɪnɪŋ ɑr ˈfoʊkɪs, wi ər rɪˈtərnɪŋ tɪ ðə ˈsɪlvər ˈmɑrkɪt bɪˈkəz ɛz ju wɪl si bɪˈloʊ, ˈæftər wən mɔr ˈmaɪnər dɪˈgri kərˈɛktɪv ˈsikwəns ɪt wɪl bi sɛt tɪ rɑk ənd roʊl, ˈlidɪŋ ðə ɪnˈtaɪər ˈprɛʃəs ˈmɛtəlz ˈkɑmplɛks haɪər ɪn ˈifɛkt. mɔr, ðɪs wɪl səˈpraɪz ðə hɛk aʊt əv ə greɪt ˈmɛni ˌɪnˈvɛstərz ˈspɛkjəˌleɪtərz praɪs ˈmænɪʤərz, wɪʧ ɪz ən ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt ˈnɛsəˌsɛri ˌɪnˈgridiənt ɪn ˈɛni ʃɔrt skwiz. ðə ˈɛləmənt əv səˈpraɪz məst bi ðɛr ɪn ˈɔrdər tɪ gɪt ðə ʃɔrts tɪ ækt. ˈpriviəsli ɪf stɑks wər dɪˈklaɪnɪŋ ɪt wɑz ˈizi tɪ hoʊld ˈsɪlvər bæk bɪˈkəz həz bɪn vjud baɪ ˈbæŋkər ˈɪnfluənst orthodox* ˈtreɪdərz ɛz ən ˌɪnˈdəstriəl ˈmɛtəl. ɪf ðɪs riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪp wər tɪ bi ˈbroʊkən ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ðɛn ðə pərˈspɛktɪv əv ə træpt ʃɔrt ˈsɛlər wʊd bɪˈkəm ʤi aɪ ˈbɛtər ˈkəvər maɪ pəˈzɪʃən bɪˈkəz ðɪs stəf goʊz əp naʊ noʊ ˈmætər wət ðə stɑk ˈmɑrkɪt ɪz duɪŋ. ənˈfɔrʧənətli wi ˈkænɑt ˈkɛri ɔn pæst ðɪs pɔɪnt, ɛz ðə rɪˈmeɪndər əv ðɪs æˈnælɪsɪs ɪz rɪˈzərvd fər ɑr səbˈskraɪbərz. əv kɔrs ɪf ðə əˈbəv ɪz ðə kaɪnd əv æˈnælɪsɪs ju ər ˈlʊkɪŋ fər ðɪs ɪz ˈizəli ˈrɛmədid baɪ ˈvɪzɪtɪŋ ɑr ˈnuli ˌɪmˈpruvd wɛb saɪt tɪ dɪˈskəvər mɔr əˈbaʊt haʊ ɑr ˈsərvɪs kən hɛlp ju ɪn nɑt ˈoʊnli ðɪs rɪˈgɑrd, bət ˈɔlsoʊ ɪn əˈʧivɪŋ jʊr ˌfaɪˈnænʃəl goʊlz. fər jʊr ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən, ɑr ˈnuli ˌrikənˈstrəktɪd saɪt ˌɪnˈkludz səʧ ˌɪmˈpruvmənts ɛz ˈɔtəˌmeɪtɪd səbˈskrɪpʃənz, ˌɪmˈpruvmənts tɪ trɛnd aɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪɪŋ prəˈfɛʃənəli ˌænəˈteɪtɪd ʧɑrts, tɪ ðə mɔr dɪˈteɪld kwoʊt ˈpeɪʤɪz ɪkˈsklusɪvli dɪˈzaɪnd fər ˌɪndɪˈpɛndənt ˌɪnˈvɛstərz hu laɪk tɪ steɪ ɔn tɔp əv θɪŋz. hir, ɪn əˈdɪʃən tɪ ˌɪmˈpruvɪŋ ɑr ædˈvaɪzəri ˈsərvɪs, ɑr eɪm ɪz tɪ ˈɔlsoʊ prəˈvaɪd ə ˈrisɔrs ˈsɛnər, wən wɛr ju hæv ˈækˌsɛs tɪ wɛl pərˈzɛnəd key* ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən kənˈsərnɪŋ ðə ˈmɑrkɪts wi ˈkəvər. ɔn tɔp əv ðɪs, ənd ɪn riˈleɪʃən tɪ aɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪɪŋ ˈvælju beɪst ˌɑpərˈtunətiz ɪn ðə ˈɛnərʤi, beɪs ˈmɛtəlz, ənd ˈprɛʃəs ˈmɛtəlz ˈsɛktərz, ɔl əv wɪʧ ʃʊd ˈbɛnəfɪt ˈhænsəmli ɛz ˌɪnˈkrisɪŋ ˈnəmbərz əv ˌɪnˈvɛstərz ˈrɛkəgˌnaɪz ðɛr ˈprɛzənt ˌɪnˈvɛstmənts ər nɑt ˈkipɪŋ peɪs wɪθ ˈækʧəwəl ˌɪnˈfleɪʃən, wi ər ˈkərəntli ˈkəvərɪŋ 70 stɑks (ənd groʊɪŋ) wɪˈθɪn ɑr pɔrtˈfoʊliˌoʊz. ðɪs ɪz jɛt əˈnəðər gʊd ˈrizən tɪ drɔp baɪ ənd ʧɛk ˈjuˈɛs aʊt. ɛz ə side-note*, səm əv ju maɪt bi ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪd tɪ noʊ ju kən naʊ səbˈskraɪb tɪ ɑr ˈsərvɪs dɪˈrɛkli θru ˈvizə ənd ˈmæstərˌkɑrd baɪ ˈklɪkɪŋ hir. ənd ɪf ju hæv ˈɛni kˈwɛsʧənz, ˈkɑmɛnts, ər ˈkrɪtɪˌsɪzəmz rɪˈgɑrdɪŋ ðə əˈbəv, pliz fil fri tɪ drɔp ˈjuˈɛs ə laɪn. wi ˈvɛri məʧ ˌɛnˈʤɔɪ ˈhirɪŋ frəm ju ɔn ðiz ˈmætərz. gʊd ˌɪnˈvɛstɪŋ ɔl. ˈkæptən hʊk ˈtrɛʒər ʧɛsts ɪz ə ˈmɑrkɪt ˈtaɪmɪŋ ˈsərvɪs ˈspɛʃəˌlaɪzɪŋ ɪn pəˈzɪʃən ˈtreɪdɪŋ ɪn ðə ˈprɛʃəs ˈmɛtəlz ənd ˈɛkwəti ˈmɑrkɪts wɪθ ən ˌɔriɛnˈteɪʃən gɪrd tɪ aɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪɪŋ swɪŋ ˈtreɪdɪŋ ˌɑpərˈtunətiz. spɪˈsɪfɪk ˌɑpərˈtunətiz ər aɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪd ˈjutəˌlaɪzɪŋ ə ˌkɑmbəˈneɪʃən əv ˌfəndəˈmɛnəl, ˈtɛknɪkəl, ənd æˈnælɪsɪs. ðɪs staɪl əv ˌɪnˈvɛstɪŋ həz ˈpruvən ˈvɛri səkˈsɛsfəl fər ˈwɛlθi ənd səˈfɪstɪˌkeɪtəd ˌɪnˈvɛstərz, ɛz ɪt rɪˈdusɪz rɪsk ənd ɛnˈhænsɪz rɪˈtərnz wɪn ðə ˌmɛθəˈdɑləʤi ɪz əˈplaɪd ˈifɛktɪvli. ðoʊz ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪd ɪn dɪˈskəvərɪŋ mɔr əˈbaʊt haʊ ðə ˈstrætəʤiz dɪˈskraɪbd əˈbəv kən ɛnˈhæns jʊr wɛlθ ʃʊd ˈvɪzɪt ɑr wɛb saɪt æt ˈtrɛʒər ʧɛsts dɪˈskleɪmər: ðə əˈbəv ɪz ə ˈmætər əv əˈpɪnjən ənd ɪz nɑt ˌɪnˈtɛndɪd ɛz ˌɪnˈvɛstmənt ədˈvaɪs. ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən ənd æˈnælɪsɪs əˈbəv ər dəraɪvd frəm ˈsɔrsəz ənd ˈjutəˌlaɪzɪŋ ˈmɛθədz bɪˈlivd rɪˈlaɪəbəl, bət wi ˈkænɑt əkˈsɛpt riˌspɑnsəˈbɪləti fər ˈɛni ˈtreɪdɪŋ ˈlɔsɪz ju meɪ ˌɪnˈkər ɛz ə rɪˈzəlt əv ðɪs æˈnælɪsɪs. ˈkɑmɛnts wɪˈθɪn ðə tɛkst ʃʊd nɑt bi kənˈstrud ɛz spɪˈsɪfɪk ˌrɛkəmənˈdeɪʃənz tɪ baɪ ər sɛl sɪˈkjʊrətiz. ˌɪndəˈvɪʤəwəlz ʃʊd kənˈsəlt wɪθ ðɛr ˈbroʊkər ənd ˈpərsɪnəl ˌfaɪˈnænʃəl ædˈvaɪzərz ˌbiˈfɔr ɪnˈgeɪʤɪŋ ɪn ˈɛni ˈtreɪdɪŋ ækˈtɪvɪtiz, ɛz wi ər nɑt ˈrɛʤɪstərd ˈbroʊkərz ər ædˈvaɪzərz. ˈsərtən ˈsteɪtmənts ˌɪnˈkludɪd hɪˈrɪn meɪ ˈkɑnstəˌtut ˈsteɪtmənts" wɪθ ðə ˈminɪŋ əv ˈsərtən sɪˈkjʊrətiz ˈlɛʤəsˌleɪtɪv ˈmɛʒərz. səʧ ˈsteɪtmənts ˌɪnˈvɑlv noʊn ənd ənˈnoʊn rɪsks, ənˈsərtəntiz ənd ˈəðər ˈfæktərz ðət meɪ kɔz ðə ˈækʧəwəl rɪˈzəlts, pərˈfɔrməns ər əˈʧivmənts əv ðə əˈbəv ˈmɛnʃənd ˈkəmpəˌniz, ənd ər ˈɪndəstri rɪˈzəlts, tɪ bi məˈtɪriəli ˈdɪfərənt frəm ˈɛni fˈjuʧər rɪˈzəlts, pərˈfɔrməns ər əˈʧivmənts ɪkˈsprɛst ər ˌɪmˈplaɪd baɪ səʧ ˈsteɪtmənts. du jʊr oʊn du ˈdɪlɪʤəns. ˈkɑpiˌraɪt 2008 ɪŋk. ɔl raɪts rɪˈzərvd. ənˈlɛs ˈəðərˌwaɪz ˈɪndəˌkeɪtɪd, ɔl məˈtɪriəlz ɔn ðiz ˈpeɪʤɪz ər ˈkɑpiˌraɪtɪd baɪ ɪŋk. noʊ pɑrt əv ðiz ˈpeɪʤɪz, ˈiðər tɛkst ər ˈɪmɪʤ meɪ bi juzd fər ˈɛni ˈpərpəs ˈəðər ðən ˈpərsɪnəl juz. ˈðɛrˌfɔr, ˌriprəˈdəkʃən, ˌmɑdəfəˈkeɪʃən, ˈstɔrɪʤ ɪn ə rɪˈtrivəl ˈsɪstəm ər ˌritrænzˈmɪʃən, ɪn ˈɛni fɔrm ər baɪ ˈɛni minz, ˌɪˌlɛkˈtrɑnɪk, məˈkænɪkəl ər ˈəðərˌwaɪz, fər ˈrizənz ˈəðər ðən ˈpərsɪnəl juz, ɪz ˈstrɪktli proʊˈhɪbətəd wɪˈθaʊt praɪər ˈrɪtən pərˈmɪʃən. ˈpoʊstɪd ˈmənˌdeɪ, 30 ʤun 2008 ðɪs ˈɑrtɪkəl sɔrs: ˈpriviəs ˈɑrtɪkəlz baɪ
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-- posted monday, 30 june 2008 | digg this article | source: goldseek.com
the following is an excerpt from commentary that originally appeared at treasure chests for the benefit of subscribers on tuesday, june 10th, 2008. above the law thats where financial authorities, politicos, and bureaucrats think they are a farce justified on the premise extreme times justify extreme measures. moreover, they routinely lie and cheat the public out their savings to protect their own positions, as opposed to living up to oaths of office and serving the publics interest. some may say this has always been true, and perhaps this is the case, even within our modern era of globalization, technological advancement, and modern society. and if you so take a close look at it, things have been getting worse in this respect since nixon dropped the gold standard in 1971, along with a loss of freedom and liberties. you see the thinking is western society has been completely corrupted on one level (officialdom), and is brain-dead on another (the public), evidenced in the governments ability to not pay its international debts with tangible (non-depreciable) money, along with the banking communitys ability to steel your savings every day with this same depreciation. and to this day western bankers continue attempting to push their self-serving agenda on unsuspecting populations under the guise of globalization, and are successful at it. so the question then arises why not keep lying? indeed why not as power corrupts and they do. while its true these concepts might be too course for the average man, not that they would care if still fat, perhaps if put in different terms, and certainly once the economy begins to suffer on a broader level, people might once again begin to care more about protecting their civil liberties, wealth, and savings. this is why to continue this fraud, gold (and silver) must be contained, so that the biggest lie of all when it comes to the larger financial system, and the publics wealth, is not exposed. so, this is why the bureaucracy will bold face lie until they are blue, because to do the opposite would trigger a profound unraveling of the financial system on their watch, which would be political suicide on multiple levels. this means that if gold and silver were to begin rising rapidly, as sleepy and confused as they may be on such issues, the public would sense something big is wrong, and may not only begin attempting to save wealth as opposed to speculate in it, with precious metals undoubtedly becoming a more important element within the portfolio by the day. you see, gold and silver are honest money hard earned money that must be mined out the ground as opposed to be created at the whim of a banker. this means you cant lie about the value of gold and silver forever, which is the case at present based on reliable relative measures that will be discussed further below. you may be asking yourself why i am bringing all this up right now if its been with us for so long, and nothing ever seems to get done about it. why then? besides the obvious in terms of the public needing to do more about protecting its own liberties, which is likely a lost cause given the amount of brain damage apparent, it is still possible for concerned individuals to protect themselves. and why we are here dear reader, to serve your best interests, so read on, as great opportunity exists in the precious metals market(s) at present. in fact, if ted butler is right, and much like the situation in crude oil at present, precious metals, and more specifically silver is next in line to be bubblized by a rolling speculative mania that grabs hold of commodities one by one and wrings out the bears in a short squeeze. thats how manic / bubble pricing episodes occur you should know. here, its important to understand that essential commodities like crude are not in unsustainable bubbles when this occurs, its just that to reach pricing consistent with fundamentals in this case (which wasnt the case with tech stocks by the way), often, in the end, the majority of price gains are put on as a result of a short squeeze. this is what is happening in the energies. and once traders are finished pricing half the planet out of the energy market in aligning prices to the fundamental backdrop, they roll back over to precious metals to continue this process over there as well. already many could not afford to buy an ounce of gold if their lives depended on it, which is why poor mans gold, silver, becomes increasing popular as prices continue to rise. so, if ted butler is right then, which is likely the case, then we should finally be close to what might prove to be the greatest short squeeze in the history of financial markets, where precious metals prices soar, led by silver. here, the thought process is with the majority of crudes price gains likely behind us already, combined with the fact monetary aggregate measures are reaccelerating higher, which includes the monetary base, rolling pools of hedge fund based hot money will be looking for new markets to bubblize. and even if its not for the right reason (to protect wealth), if the hot money does begin to flow into the silver market, all hell could break loose with physical supplies in such short order as small investors pick away at it. in this respect it should be recognized that at present there appears to be a growing shortage of physical supply on the market as evidenced in the us mint having to drastically cut back on production / delivery to its dealers. of course one would think that with an apparent physical shortage higher prices should be a no brainer right? this is if the laws of supply and demand are working properly in the silver market. for those who understand the larger situation however, you know why this has not been the case, not with silvers attachment to gold, and the desire of the bureaucracy to suppress it such that the public remains asleep, and demand remains relatively subdued. how is this done if there is more demand for the physical metal than supply? after all, we do live in a physical world in the end. answer: by throwing a blizzard of naked short orders at the primary paper pricing mechanism on the comex market for one thing, along with having your agents lie through their teeth (lest we forget these jokers think they are above the law) about the true state of the market. as you would know from reading ted butlers regular review of silver market internals, this has been the situation for some time now. however, with the disparity between physical and paper pricing mechanisms becoming stretched to the extreme of late, this might finally be set to change. here is a chart borrowed from gene arensbergs column this week showing that the net concentrated commercial (banks) short position has never been greater than at present. its too bad we dont have access to well delineated and more frequent over-the-counter (otc) data because a very large net short position exists here too. for the final six-months of last year however, we do know courtesy of the most recent bis otc derivatives market activity report that concentrations of this paper is growing a 40-percent annualized clip in the gold market, which far outstrips anything happening on comex. (see figure 1) figure 1
and as alluded to above, here is a look at golds less concentrated, but still compelling commitment of traders (cot) profile. (see figure 2) figure 2
how can this be then, especially for an extended period of time? well, for one thing, and again, as alluded to above, one must understand that gold, and its lesser monetary sister surrogate, silver, are political metals more than anything else. so, knowing this, and with the silver market being small and easily controlled, at least up until now, the bureaucracys price management agents (bullion banks acting for the fed) have taken it upon themselves to concentrate on this market in order to keep both brother and sister contained, where if the same exercise (concentration) were attempted in the larger gold market solely, failure might have come long ago. be that as it may however, and as suggested earlier, we may finally be at the moment of truth for silver, and correspondingly gold, because the combination of mushrooming and uncontrollable problems in the larger derivatives market, and the lack of physical supplies may finally be enough to get some of the shorts to start covering their positions. and this might be especially true if related derivatives positions in the fx (currencies) market(s) begin to suffer from counter party risk. just try and imagine what would happen if at the same moment, due to the highly integrated nature of counter-party risk, we have enough bids to take out all existing physical supplies of both gold and silver in ten-minutes. this is possible you should know, because there is hundreds of trillions worth of whatever fiat currency you wish to talk about in the world that will all be looking for a home at the same time at some point in the not too distant future. under such conditions silver could gap higher by $10 in a new york minute. so, if history is a good guide then, where we have a very good example at present in the energies market, both the bankers in new york and politicos in washington are going to find out they are not above the law. and this includes not only manmade laws, but those in nature as well. because once we humans begin to panic, crazy things begin to happen, like seeing crude oil making a b-line for $150, or gold shooting past $1,000 as if the four-figure barrier didnt even exist, if we may talk about the metal of kings for just a moment. thats the big number in case you have forgotten $1,000 smackeroos. once gold gets past this pricing hurdle, which should be no problem ounce a panic sets into the market(s), you will know the big squeeze is on, with a great deal of blue-sky potential here to say the least. all we need for this to happen is for the alternatives to continue drying up, where in case you didnt notice this may finally be the situation as it pertains to the debt markets. certainly investors are not going near consumer debt, not with every measure of consumer credit crashing. and if consumers are crashing, corporations cannot be far behind, where finally, with put / call ratios on us indexes trending lower (meaning the short squeeze is over), prices should begin to reflect a closer approximation of reality soon here too. this only leaves sovereign debt in case you have not been keeping track, which of course has also been acting up of late with core inflation measures (contrived as they may be), stoking inflation fears. one should note price managers continue attempting to keep the public calm with more lies in this respect, but the lies are running thin these days with pocket books increasingly tight due to the reality of the situation. and thats what we are talking about here in the end after all the reality of the situation. along these lines then, since this is what we are interested in measuring, lets take a look at the charts to see where we are now that we know that based on the above, fundamentals are positively aligned for gold and silver. here, in maintaining our focus, we are returning to the silver market because as you will see below, after one more minor degree corrective sequence it will be set to rock and roll, leading the entire precious metals complex higher in effect. whats more, this will surprise the heck out of a great many investors / speculators / price managers, which is an important necessary ingredient in any short squeeze. the element of surprise must be there in order to get the shorts to act. previously if stocks were declining it was easy to hold silver back because has been viewed by banker influenced orthodox traders as an industrial metal. if this relationship were to be broken however, then the perspective of a trapped short seller would become gee i better cover my position because this stuff goes up now no matter what the stock market is doing. unfortunately we cannot carry on past this point, as the remainder of this analysis is reserved for our subscribers. of course if the above is the kind of analysis you are looking for this is easily remedied by visiting our newly improved web site to discover more about how our service can help you in not only this regard, but also in achieving your financial goals. for your information, our newly reconstructed site includes such improvements as automated subscriptions, improvements to trend identifying / professionally annotated charts, to the more detailed quote pages exclusively designed for independent investors who like to stay on top of things. here, in addition to improving our advisory service, our aim is to also provide a resource center, one where you have access to well presented key information concerning the markets we cover. on top of this, and in relation to identifying value based opportunities in the energy, base metals, and precious metals sectors, all of which should benefit handsomely as increasing numbers of investors recognize their present investments are not keeping pace with actual inflation, we are currently covering 70 stocks (and growing) within our portfolios. this is yet another good reason to drop by and check us out. as a side-note, some of you might be interested to know you can now subscribe to our service directly through visa and mastercard by clicking here. and if you have any questions, comments, or criticisms regarding the above, please feel free to drop us a line. we very much enjoy hearing from you on these matters. good investing all. captain hook treasure chests is a market timing service specializing in value-based position trading in the precious metals and equity markets with an orientation geared to identifying intermediate-term swing trading opportunities. specific opportunities are identified utilizing a combination of fundamental, technical, and inter-market analysis. this style of investing has proven very successful for wealthy and sophisticated investors, as it reduces risk and enhances returns when the methodology is applied effectively. those interested in discovering more about how the strategies described above can enhance your wealth should visit our web site at treasure chests disclaimer: the above is a matter of opinion and is not intended as investment advice. information and analysis above are derived from sources and utilizing methods believed reliable, but we cannot accept responsibility for any trading losses you may incur as a result of this analysis. comments within the text should not be construed as specific recommendations to buy or sell securities. individuals should consult with their broker and personal financial advisors before engaging in any trading activities, as we are not registered brokers or advisors. certain statements included herein may constitute "forward-looking statements" with the meaning of certain securities legislative measures. such forward-looking statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause the actual results, performance or achievements of the above mentioned companies, and / or industry results, to be materially different from any future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. do your own due diligence. copyright © 2008 treasurechests.info inc. all rights reserved. unless otherwise indicated, all materials on these pages are copyrighted by treasurechests.info inc. no part of these pages, either text or image may be used for any purpose other than personal use. therefore, reproduction, modification, storage in a retrieval system or retransmission, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical or otherwise, for reasons other than personal use, is strictly prohibited without prior written permission.
-- posted monday, 30 june 2008 | digg this article | source: goldseek.com
previous articles by captainhook
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ɪt ɪz ənˈklɪr ˈwɛðər tim ˈbænən ˈæˌkʧuəli ˌdɪsəˈvaʊd kənˈgrɛʃənəl ˈkænədɪt pɔl fər hɪz ənd taɪz tɪ ðə ““alt-right,”*,” ər ɪf ɪt kənˈsɪdərz hɪz ˌɪkˈstrɛmɪzəm rubbish”*” ɛz kənˈsərvətɪv ˈkɑmənˌteɪtərz ˈskrutəˌnaɪz kənˈgrɛʃənəl ˈkænədɪt pɔl ɪkˈsplɪsət ˈmɛsɪʤɪz ənd taɪz tɪ ðə ““alt-right,”*,” breitbart.com*, wɪʧ hæd pʊt ɪts fʊl səˈpɔrt bɪˈhaɪnd, ɪz əˈpɪrɪŋ tɪ ˌdɪsəˈvaʊ ˌɪkˈstrɛmɪzəm waɪl ˈɔlsoʊ kənˈtɪnjuɪŋ tɪ gɪv ɪm ə ˈplætˌfɔrm. ɪn ən əˈtɛmpt tɪ ədˈvæns ɪts ˌnæʃənəˈlɪstɪk wɔr əˈgɛnst ɔl θɪŋz ɪˈstæblɪʃmənt, wɛnt fər ə ˈkænədɪt hu hæd noʊ ʧæns əv ˈwɪnɪŋ ɪn ə 2016 ˈpraɪˌmɛri ɪˈlɛkʃən, ˈlɔnʧɪŋ ɪts kwɪkˈsɑtɪk kruˈseɪd tɪ ənˈsit ˈspikər əv ðə haʊs pɔl raɪən (r-wi*). prɪˈdɪktəbli, ənd dɪˈspaɪt səˈpɔrt (əp ənˈtɪl ðə ɪˈlɛkʃən, ðə ˈaʊˌtlɛt ˈpəblɪʃt kloʊz tɪ 30 ˈpisɪz əv ˈkɑntɛnt ˈʃɪlɪŋ fər ɪm), lɔst tɪ raɪən baɪ ə 85 tɪ 15 pərˈsɛnt ˈmɑrʤən. nɑt dɪˈskərɪʤd baɪ hɪz lɔs, kənˈtɪnjud tɪ reɪz hɪz ˈproʊˌfaɪl wɪθ ə proʊˈlɪfɪk ˈsoʊʃəl ˈmidiə ˈprɛzəns ənd, moʊst ˌɪmˈpɔrtəntli, səˈpɔrt. ɪgˈzɛkjətɪv ˈʧɛrmən stiv ˈbænən ˈhoʊstɪd ɪm ɔn hɪz ˈreɪdiˌoʊ ʃoʊ ə wik ˈæftər hɪz ɪmˈbɛrəsɪŋ lɔs, ˈtritɪŋ ɪm ə hero”*” ənd ˈlɪtərəli prəˈfɛsɪŋ hɪz ləv fər ɪm. ɪn ʤun, kloʊz tɪ ə jɪr ˈæftər hɪz hjuˈmɪliˌeɪtɪŋ dɪˈfit, əˈnaʊnst ə nu bɪd tɪ ənˈsit raɪən ɪn 2018 kənˈtɪnjud tɪ ʧərn aʊt ˈkɑntɛnt, ɛz wɛl ɛz prəˈvaɪd ɪm wɪθ ən ““exclusive”*” ˈplætˌfɔrm tɪ ˈɔθər hɪz oʊn əˈtæks ɔn ðə ˈspikər əv ðə haʊs. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ˈpɛnʧənt fər ˈbɪgətri ɔn ˈsoʊʃəl ˈmidiə ˈrisəntli dru ðə ˌkɑndəmˈneɪʃən əv ə kənˈsərvətɪv ˈkɑmənˌteɪtər wɪn hi ˈtɑrgətɪd əˈtərni ˈɑri koʊn wɪθ ən ˈmɛsɪʤ. ɛz ə rɪˈzəlt, ˈəðər ˈpəndɪts ɪn ðə ˈsɪmələrli kənˈdɛmd, wɪθ ˈrɛbəl ˌtɛləˈvɪʒən hoʊst ʤɑn ˌkɑrˈdɪloʊ ˈkleɪmɪŋ tɪ tim bannon”*” ənd wər ʃɑkt ənd disgusted”*”: dɪˈspaɪt ðə ˌriˈpɔrtəd ʃɑk əv hɪz lɔɪəl səˈpɔrtər, wɑz ˈɛniˌθɪŋ bət ˈsədən. hɪz taɪz tɪ waɪt ˈnæʃənəˌlɪzəm ənd ðə ““alt-right”*” hæd bɪn ɪkˈsplɪsətli dɪˈspleɪd ɪn hɪz ˈdɪʤɪtəl ˈfɪŋgərˌprɪnts, ɛz ˌriˈpɔrtəd baɪ ənd səˈlɑn. hɪz əˈtæks ɔn koʊn wər nɑt hɪz fərst dɪˈspleɪ əv, nɔr wər ðeɪ aʊt əv ðə ˈɔrdəˌnɛri ˈgɪvɪn hɪz ˈhæbət əv əˈgrɛsɪvli rɪˈspɑndɪŋ tɪ hɪz ˈkrɪtɪks ˈjuzɪŋ kəmˈpɛlɪŋ ˈɑrgjəmənts səʧ ɛz ə bullet”*” ər deport.”*.” hæd ˈɔlsoʊ prəˈmoʊtəd ə mim wɪθ taɪz tɪ ðə ““alt-right,”*,” ɛz wɛl ɛz ɛmˈbreɪst ““groyper,”*,” ə noʊn ““alt-right”*” ˈmæˌskɑt. hi həz ˈnɛvər ʃaɪd əˈweɪ frəm biɪŋ ɪn ɔn ðə (sɪk) vote.”*.” ˈæftər ˈstəmpɪŋ fər rɔɪ mʊr, ˈʧoʊzən (ənd dɪˈfitɪd) ˈkænədɪt ɪn ðə ˌæləˈbæmə ˌsɛnəˈtɔriəl ˈspɛʃəl ɪˈlɛkʃən, əˈpɪrd ɔn ðə paʊər ˈpɔdˌkæst ðə nation”*” ənd juzd ən ɪkˈsprɛʃən, ˈtɔkɪŋ əˈbaʊt hu wɔnt tɪ θroʊ ðɛr pərˈɛnθəˌsiz æt you,”*,” ə klɪr əˈluʒən tɪ ðə ““alt-right”*” ˈɛkoʊ mim. ˈkərəntli, rɪˈspɑndɪŋ tɪ hɪz ˈkrɪtɪks frəm ðə raɪt wɪθ ðə taɪp əv ˈtroʊlɪŋ ðət ɪz ˈtɪpɪkəl əv ˈmɛsɪʤ bɔrd ˈpoʊstərz, ˈkrudli kəmˈpɛrɪŋ ˈaʊtˌkraɪz tɪ screeching”*” (ə mim ˈɔfən juzd tɪ ˈsɪgnəl ˌɛnˈʤɔɪmənt frəm ˈtrɪgərɪŋ ðoʊz dimd ˌoʊvərˈsɛnsətɪv). ˈminˌwaɪl, ðə ˌkɑrˈdɪloʊ twit rɪˈmeɪnz ðə ˈoʊnli (ˈivɪn second-hand*) ˈɛvədəns ðət ɪz æt ɔl ˈbɑðərd baɪ ðə ɪkˈsplɪsət ˌɪkˈstrɛmɪzəm əv ðɛr ˈʧoʊzən ˈkænədɪt. ənd ɪn rɪˈspɑns tɪ ðə ˈɑrtɪkəl ðət kəmˈpaɪld ˈɛvədəns əv taɪz tɪ waɪt səˈprɛməsi, ˈɛdɪtər ənd tim ˈbænən ˈmɛmbər rəˈhim ðət ɪt wɑz rubbish:”*:” ɪn fækt, həz kənˈtɪnjud ˈgɪvɪŋ ə ˈplætˌfɔrm. ɛz ˈrisəntli ɛz dɪˈsɛmbər 18 meɪd ə gɛst əˈpɪrəns ɔn ðə ˈreɪdiˌoʊ ʃoʊ ˌwəˈtɛvər ɪt teɪks wɪθ kərt ˈʃɪlɪŋ. ɪf wət ˌkɑrˈdɪloʊ ɪz tru, ɪt ʃoʊz ðət ɪz traɪɪŋ tɪ hæv ɪt boʊθ weɪz əˈpiz kənˈsərvətɪv ˈkrɪtɪks wɪθ ə veɪg ˌriˈpɔrtəd ˌkɑndəmˈneɪʃən əv ˈbɪgətri, wɪˈθaʊt ˈɪʃuɪŋ ə ðət kʊd kɔz ðɛm tɪ luz ðə gæb ““alt-right”*” ˈɔdiəns. ðɪs ˈɔdiəns ləvz, ˈpruvɪŋ wəns əˈgɛn wəts bɪˈkəm mɔr ðən ˈɛvədənt ðɪs jɪr: ɪz ˈoʊˈkeɪ wɪθ pleɪɪŋ wɪθ ˈnɑtsiz. ˈəpˌdeɪt: ˈsiˈɛˈnɛn ˌriˈpɔrtəd ðət ən ædˈvaɪzər əv stiv ˈbænən, ˈɑrθər ʃwɔrts, sɛd ɪz dɛd tɪ ˈjuˈɛs" ɪn rɪˈspɑns tɪ ˌɪnˈkrisɪŋgli əˈfɛnsɪv tweets*.
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it is unclear whether team bannon actually disavowed congressional candidate paul nehlen for his anti-semitism and ties to the “alt-right,” or if it considers his extremism “hysterical rubbish”
as conservative commentators scrutinize congressional candidate paul nehlen’s explicit anti-semitic messages and ties to the “alt-right,” breitbart.com, which had put its full support behind nehlen, is appearing to disavow nehlen’s extremism while also continuing to give him a platform.
in an attempt to advance its nationalistic war against all things establishment, breitbart went all-in for nehlen -- a little-known candidate who had no chance of winning -- in a 2016 primary election, launching its quixotic crusade to unseat speaker of the house paul ryan (r-wi). predictably, and despite breitbart’s full-throated support (up until the election, the outlet published close to 30 pieces of content shilling for him), nehlen lost to ryan by a 85 to 15 percent margin. not discouraged by his loss, nehlen continued to raise his profile with a prolific social media presence and, most importantly, breitbart’s support. breitbart’s executive chairman steve bannon hosted him on his radio show a week after his embarrassing loss, treating him “like a hero” and literally professing his love for him.
in june, close to a year after his humiliating defeat, nehlen announced a new bid to unseat ryan in 2018. breitbart continued to churn out nehlen-related content, as well as provide him with an “exclusive” platform to author his own attacks on the speaker of the house. however, nehlen’s penchant for bigotry on social media recently drew the condemnation of a conservative commentator when he targeted attorney ari cohn with an anti-semitic message. as a result, other pundits in the magasphere similarly condemned nehlen’s anti-semitism, with rebel tv host john cardillo claiming he’d “spoken to team bannon” and “they were shocked and disgusted”:
despite the reported shock of his loyal supporter, nehlen’s anti-semitism was anything but sudden. his ties to white nationalism and the “alt-right” had been explicitly displayed in his digital fingerprints, as reported by huffpost and salon. his attacks on cohn were not his first display of anti-semitism, nor were they out of the ordinary given his habit of aggressively responding to his critics using compelling arguments such as “eat a bullet” or “self deport.” nehlen had also promoted a 4chan meme with ties to the “alt-right,” as well as embraced “groyper,” a known “alt-right” mascot. he has never shied away from being “all in on the altright (sic) vote.” after stumping for roy moore, breitbart’s chosen (and defeated) candidate in the alabama senatorial special election, nehlen appeared on the “white power podcast fash the nation” and used an anti-semitic expression, talking about “people who want to throw their parentheses at you,” a clear allusion to the “alt-right” echo meme. currently, he’s responding to his critics from the right with the type of trolling that is typical of message board posters, crudely comparing outcries to “autistic screeching” (a meme often used to signal enjoyment from triggering those deemed oversensitive).
meanwhile, the cardillo tweet remains the only (even second-hand) evidence that breitbart is at all bothered by the explicit extremism of their chosen candidate. and in response to the huffpost article that compiled evidence of nehlen’s ties to white supremacy, breitbart editor and team bannon member raheem kassam dismissively tweeted that it was “hysterical rubbish:”
in fact, breitbart has continued giving nehlen a platform. as recently as december 18, nehlen made a guest appearance on the breitbart radio show whatever it takes with curt schilling. if what cardillo tweeted is true, it shows that breitbart is trying to have it both ways -- appease conservative critics with a vague reported condemnation of nehlen’s bigotry, without issuing a full-throated disavowal that could cause them to lose the gab “alt-right” audience. this audience loves nehlen, proving once again what's become more than evident this year: breitbart is ok with playing footsie with nazis.
update: cnn reported that an adviser of steve bannon, arthur schwartz, said "nehlen is dead to us" in response to nehlen's increasingly offensive tweets.
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ˈtæmpə tu wiks əˈgoʊ, mɪt ˈrɑmni sɛd ðət fækt ˈʧɛkərz ʃʊd ˈdɪkˌteɪt wɪʧ ædz ðə ˌoʊˈbɑmə kæmˈpeɪn ɛrz ər dɪz nɑt. noʊ, ɪn ðə pæst, wɪn ˈpipəl ˈpɔɪntɪd aʊt ðət ˈsəmθɪŋ wɑz ˌɪˈnækjərət, waɪ, kæmˈpeɪnz pʊld ðə ad,”*,” ˈrɑmni sɛd. noʊ, ðə ˈvɛriəs fækt ˈʧɛkərz lʊk æt səm əv ðiz ˈʧɑrʤɪz ɪn ðə ˌoʊˈbɑmə ædz ənd ðeɪ seɪ ðət rɔŋ, ənd ˌɪˈnækjərət, ənd jɛt hi ʤɪst kips ɔn ˈrənɪŋ them.”*.” naʊ, ðə ˈrɑmni kæmˈpeɪn ɪz goʊɪŋ ɔl ɪn ɔn ˈwɛlˌfɛr rɪˈfɔrm ənd ðɛr ˌækjəˈzeɪʃən ðət ˈprɛzɪdənt ˌoʊˈbɑmə həz dɪsˈmænəld ɪts wərk prəˈvɪʒənz, dɪˈspaɪt ðə fækt ðət ɪts nɑt æt ɔl tru. rɪk sænˈtɔrəm wɪl dɪˈlɪvər ə ˈmeɪʤər spiʧ æt ðə rɪˈpəblɪkən ˈnæʃənəl kənˈvɛnʃən hir təˈdeɪ ðət ðə ˈrɑmni kæmˈpeɪn həz ˈtaʊtɪd, ˈnoʊtɪŋ ðət ðə ˈfɔrmər ˈsɛnətər wɑz ən ˈɔθər əv ðə 1996 ˈwɛlˌfɛr rɪˈfɔrm bɪl saɪnd baɪ bɪl ˈklɪntən. ənd æt ə ˈfɔrəm ˈhoʊstɪd baɪ ˈeɪˌbiˌsi ənd ˈjɑˌhu! ˈjɛstərˌdeɪ, ˈrɑmni ˈstrætɪʤɪst ˈæʃli oʊˈkɑnər sɛd ə ˈrisənt æd ɔn ˈwɛlˌfɛr wɑz ðə kæmˈpeɪnz "moʊst ˈifɛktɪv" wən jɛt. ˌædvərˈtaɪzmənt: əˈsaɪd frəm ðə ˈreɪʃəl ˌkɑmpləˈkeɪʃənz əv əˈtæks ɔn ˈwɛlˌfɛr, ðə æd həz ˈɔlsoʊ bɪn dɪˈtərmənd baɪ ˌɪndɪˈpɛndənt ˈmidiə fækt ˈʧɛkərz tɪ bi ˈpætəntli fɔls. ðə ˈwɔʃɪŋtən poʊsts fækt ˈʧɛkər əˈwɔrdɪd ˈrɑmniz æd "fɔr pinocchios*," geɪv ɪt ə ɔn fire,”*,” ənd ðə ˌeɪˈpi kɔld ɪt inaccurate.”*.” bət ðə ˈrɑmni kæmp dɪsˈmɪst ɔl ðɪs. "fækt ˈʧɛkərz kəm tɪ ðɪs wɪθ ðɛr oʊn sɛts əv θɔts ənd bɪˈlifs, ənd nɑt goʊɪŋ tɪ lɛt ɑr kæmˈpeɪn bi ˈdɪkˌteɪtɪd baɪ fækt ˈʧɛkərz," toʊld buzzfeed*. hɪrz ə ˈhɛlpfəl floʊ ʧɑrt tɪ dɪˈtərmən ɪf fækt ˈʧɛkərz ʃʊd bi ˈhidɪd ər nɑt: dɪz ðə æd kəm frəm ðə ˌoʊˈbɑmə kæmˈpeɪn? ðɛn jɛs. dɪz ðə æd kəm frəm ðə ˈrɑmni kæmˈpeɪn? ɪn ðət keɪs, ˈsərtənli nɑt.
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tampa -- two weeks ago, mitt romney said that fact checkers should dictate which ads the obama campaign airs or does not. “you know, in the past, when people pointed out that something was inaccurate, why, campaigns pulled the ad,” romney said. “you know, the various fact checkers look at some of these charges in the obama ads and they say that they’re wrong, and inaccurate, and yet he just keeps on running them.”
now, the romney campaign is going all in on welfare reform and their accusation that president obama has dismantled its work provisions, despite the fact that it's not at all true. rick santorum will deliver a major speech at the republican national convention here today that the romney campaign has touted, noting that the former senator was an author of the 1996 welfare reform bill signed by bill clinton. and at a forum hosted by abc and yahoo! yesterday, romney strategist ashley o'connor said a recent ad on welfare was the campaign's "most effective" one yet.
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aside from the racial complications of attacks on welfare, the ad has also been determined by independent media fact checkers to be patently false. the washington post's fact checker awarded romney's ad "four pinocchios," politifact gave it a “pants on fire,” and the ap called it “factually inaccurate.” but the romney camp dismissed all this. "fact checkers come to this with their own sets of thoughts and beliefs, and we’re not going to let our campaign be dictated by fact checkers," o’connor told buzzfeed.
here's a helpful flow chart to determine if fact checkers should be heeded or not: does the ad come from the obama campaign? then yes. does the ad come from the romney campaign? in that case, certainly not.
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23-12-2015* ٢٠٠٣ ٢٠١٤ 23 2015
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23-12-2015
اكد السيد رئيس مجلس الوزراء الدكتور العبادي ان العراق يملك قدرات اقتصادية هائلة وتنوع بشري وهو مهد الزراعة في ظل نهري دجلة والفرات ،وان نحو ثمانين بالمائة من مساحته امنة ومستقرة ومهيأة للاستثمار ، وان حجم التبادل التجاري بين العراق والصين حقق زيادة كبيرة بلغت نحو خمسين ضعفا منذ عام ٢٠٠٣ وحتى عام ٢٠١٤ ، وزيارتنا للصين اليوم تهدف لتوطيد علاقات التعاون الاقتصادي والتجاري بين بلدينا وشعبينا اللذان يملكان حضارتين عظيمتين .
جاء ذلك خلال كلمة القاها في منتدى التعاون الاقتصادي العراقي الصيني الذي افتتح في بكين صباح اليوم بمشاركة رؤساء كبريات الشركات الصينية المتخصصة في مجالات البناء والاعمار والخدمات والكهرباء والطرق والاتصالات والتسليح ، وعدد كبير من رجال الاعمال والمستثمرين ، الى جانب الوزراء من اعضاء الوفد العراقي.
وقال السيد رئيس مجلس الوزراء : صحيح ان العراق يخوض حربا بمواجهة عصابة داعش الارهابية الا اننا نجحنا بفضل قواتنا المسلحة ومتطوعي شعبنا الابطال من تحقيق الانتصارات وتطهير مساحات واسعة وان الخبر المفرح اليوم هو استعادة وتحرير مدينة الرمادي ونحن عازمون بعد ذلك على تحرير الموصل ، مشيرا الى ان معظم المحافظات العراقية امنة وتعمل بها الشركات الكبرى ، وان الحكومة تشجع عملية الاستثمار وجلب الشركات العالمية.
وتابع : اننا قمنا باطلاق حملة اصلاحات واسعة شملت محاربة الفساد والبيروقراطية ونعمل على ايجاد بيئة استثمارية جاذبة وتلبية احتياجاتنا في مجال السكن والخدمات والكهرباء والنفط وغيرها، الى جانب حاجتنا الملحة للتسليح وتنمية الصناعة العسكرية .
وجدد سيادته الدعوة للشركات الصينية للاستثمار في العراق ، واعدا بتقديم الدعم والتسهيلات لنجاح عملها في جميع المجالات.
واجاب السيد رئيس مجلس الوزراء خلال المنتدى على مداخلات رؤساء الشركات الصينية . المكتب الاعلامي لرئيس الوزراء 23 كانون الاول 2015
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ˌɛrɪˈzoʊnə steɪt ˌjunəˈvərsəti ˌɪnˈvaɪtɪd ˈprɛzɪdənt ˌoʊˈbɑmə tɪ spik æt ðɛr kəˈmɛnsmənt, bət ˈnoʊtəˌfaɪd ðə ˈlidər əv ðə fri wərld ðət hi bi ˈgɪtɪŋ ən ˈɑnərˌɛri dɪˈgri bɪˈkəz, wɛl, ju noʊ, greɪt ðət ðə fərst blæk ˈprɛzɪdənt ənd ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ (jɛs, ðeɪ ˈnoʊtɪd ðət blæk), bət ˈmeɪbi hi kʊd kəm bæk ˈæftər hi ˈfɪnɪʃɪz hɪz tərm, ənd ɪf əˈkɑmplɪʃt ˈɛniˌθɪŋ sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt baɪ ðɛn, ðə ˈprɛzɪdənt əv ðə ˈhɑrvərd əv ðə ˈdɛzərt wɪl bi ˈhæpi tɪ ˌrikənˈsɪdər ˈwɛðər ðə ˈprɛzɪdənt əv ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts əv əˈmɛrɪkə həz əˈkɑmplɪʃt ˈɛniˌθɪŋ sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt ɪn hɪz laɪf. naʊ, ˌbiˈfɔr ˈɛniˌwən θɪŋks ðɪs ɪz əˈbaʊt ˈreɪˌsɪzəm ər ˈɛniˌθɪŋ, ɪt ʃʊd bi ˈnoʊtɪd ðət ˌɛrɪˈzoʊnə steɪt ɪz ˈhæpi tɪ bɪˈstoʊ ˈɑnərˌɛri dɪˈgriz ɔn ˈəðər ˈpipəl əv ˈkələr (ər æt list ˈnɑnˈwaɪt ˈkələr) hu hæv əˈkɑmplɪʃt greɪt θɪŋz ɪn ðɛr lɪvz, laɪk ðə vaɪs ˈmɪnɪstər əv ˌɛʤəˈkeɪʃən əv ˈkɑmjənəst ˈʧaɪnə. hu ʃʊr ɪz ə ˈvɛri nis ˈwʊmən, wɪn nɑt ˈpɪmpɪŋ fər ə dɪkˈteɪtərˌʃɪp ðət əˈprɛsɪz ˈfɪfˈtin pərˈsɛnt əv ðə ɪnˈtaɪər ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃən.
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arizona state university invited president obama to speak at their commencement, but they’ve notified the leader of the free world that he won’t be getting an honorary degree because, well, you know, it’s great that he’s the first black president and everything (yes, they noted that he’s black), but maybe he could come back after he finishes his term, and if he’s accomplished anything significant by then, the president of the harvard of the desert will be happy to reconsider whether the president of the united states of america has accomplished anything significant in his life.
now, before anyone thinks this is about racism or anything, it should be noted that arizona state is happy to bestow honorary degrees on other people of color (or at least non-white color) who have accomplished great things in their lives, like the vice minister of education of communist china. who i’m sure is a very nice woman, when she’s not pimping for a dictatorship that oppresses fifteen percent of the world’s entire population.
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ðə grup noʊn ɛz əˈnɑnəməs həz ˈrisəntli kəm aʊt ɪn səˈpɔrt əv ðə ˈʤɛsɪkə ˈʧeɪmbərz ˈmərdər keɪs. ðə jəŋ gərl wɑz faʊnd bərnd əˈlaɪv nɪr hər ˈviɪkəl ɪn ˈrʊrəl ˌmɪsɪˈsɪpi. əˈnɑnəməs kleɪmz ðət ðə pəˈlis wər tɪ ˈhændəl səʧ ə ˌhaɪˈproʊfaɪl keɪs; ˈðɛrˌfɔr, ðə grup ˌdɪˈsaɪdɪd tɪ teɪk ðə keɪs ˈɪntu ðɛr oʊn hænz. ˈæftər ˈhækɪŋ ˈɪntu ˈsɛvərəl ˈsoʊʃəl ˈmidiə əˈkaʊnts əv ˈloʊkəl noʊn gæŋ ˈmɛmbərz, ðə grup wɑz ˈeɪbəl tɪ ənˈkəvər səm ˈstɑrtlɪŋ nu ˈɛvədəns. ðə əˈnɑnəməs ˈʤɛsɪkə ˈʧeɪmbərz kæmˈpeɪn ɪz biɪŋ tɪ tˈwɪtər ˈviə ðə ˈjuzər wɪʧ ɪz ˈleɪbəld ɛz. ðə fərst twit rɪˈgɑrdɪŋ əˈnɑnəməs ˈʤəmpɪŋ ɔn ðə ˈʤɛsɪkə chambers’*’ keɪs keɪm ɔn dɪˈsɛmbər 12 ənd ˈnoʊtɪd ðət ðə ˈhækərz bɪˈlivd ə gang”*” wɑz riˈspɑnsəbəl fər ðə ənˈtaɪmli dɛθ. ˈloʊkəl gæŋ riˈspɑnsəbəl ɪnˈgeɪʤd wi ər ˈliʤən wi du nɑt fərˈgɪv wi du nɑt fərˈgɛt dɪˈsɛmbər 12 2014 wi ər ˈdɪgɪŋ steɪ tund foʊks dɪˈsɛmbər 12 2014 ˈfɑloʊɪŋ ðə ˌɪˈnɪʃəl twit, θɪŋz simd tɪ hit əp fæst, ɛz ðə grup hækt ˈsɛvərəl gæŋ members’*’ ˈsoʊʃəl ˈmidiə əˈkaʊnts. əˈnɑnəməs ðɛn bɪˈgæn ə bərɑʒ əv ˈdæmɪŋ ˈfoʊˌtoʊz ənd ˌkɑnvərˈseɪʃənz geɪnd θru ðə ˈsaɪbər əˈtæk. ðə grup həz kleɪmd tɪ faɪnd lɪŋks bɪtˈwin ˈʤɛsɪkə chambers’*’ ənd noʊn gæŋ ˈmɛmbərz. ˈʤɛsɪkə həz ˈpriviəsli ˈdeɪtɪd æt list wən ˈmɛmbər əv ðə squad”*” gæŋ, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ðɛr ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃən, ənd noʊts ðət ðə gæs ˈsteɪʃən wɛr ˈʤɛsɪkə wɑz læst sin ɪz ə həb fər gæŋ ækˈtɪvɪti. ðə peɪnt ə ˈpɪkʧər əv ˈvaɪələns, drəgz, ənd ˈhɛvi gæŋ ækˈtɪvɪti ɪn ðə ˈkaʊnti ˈɛriə, wɛr ðə ˈbərnɪŋ tʊk pleɪs. ˈfoʊˌtoʊz əv gæŋ ˈmɛmbərz ˌɪnˈsaɪd əv ðə ˈkaʊnti ʤeɪl wɪθ drəgz ənd sɛl foʊnz wɑz juzd baɪ ðə tɪ ʃoʊ ðə kərˈəpʃən ðət meɪ ɪgˈzɪst wɪˈθɪn ðə pəˈlis dɪˈpɑrtmənt ˌɪtˈsɛlf. hir ər ʤɪst ə fju əv ðə ˈpisɪz əv ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən ənˈkəvərd baɪ ðə əˈnɑnəməs ˈhækɪŋ ˈɛfərts. gæŋ saɪnz flæʃt ɪn frəm əv ðə læst noʊn pleɪs ˈʤɛsɪkə wɑz sin #əˈnɑnəməs həz ə ˈfərðər riʧ dɪˈsɛmbər 12 2014 gæŋ ˈmɛmbər ˈbəˌgaɪ ˈteɪlər ˈnoʊtɪs ðə gæŋ saɪnz ɪn ˈɛvəri ˈfoʊˌtoʊ dɪˈsɛmbər 12 2014 noʊn gæŋ ˈmɛmbər ənd ɛks braɪən rəd wi sɛd wi wʊd stɑrt riˈlisɪŋ #əˈnɑnəməs breɪk ðə ˈsaɪləns dɪˈsɛmbər 12 2014 noʊn gæŋ ˈmɛmbər boʊ boʊ graɪndz gæŋz ˈfeɪvərɪt hæŋ aʊt wɑz ðə læst pleɪs ˈʤɛsɪkə wɑz sin əˈlaɪv dɪˈsɛmbər 12 2014 taʊn ˈmɛmbərz hæv ˈkɑnˌtæktɪd mi ðə fɪr əv ðɪs gæŋ ɪz ril wɪn naɪt fɔlz ðeɪ kənˈtroʊl ðə ˈɛriə wɛr ʃi wɑz faʊnd dɪˈsɛmbər 13 2014 kʊd ðə neɪm ˈdɛrɪk bi ðə wərd frəm ðə gərlz maʊθ? ˈdɛrɪk klɑrk? pæs ɪt ɔn!!!! ʃɛr!! dɪˈsɛmbər 13 2014 stɔr klərk ˈɑli ˈflæʃɪŋ gæŋ saɪnz wi ər ˈgɪtɪŋ fɛdz ˈnidɪd dɪˈsɛmbər 13 2014 ˈdɛrɪk hoʊmz fraɪnd əv ˈɑli ʤeɪld fər ˌɛkˌsplɔɪˈteɪʃən əv ˈwʊmən #əˈnɑnəməs dɪˈsɛmbər 13 2014 rɛd ðɪs gæŋ ˈbæŋərz poʊst frəm ˈpriviəs bɪʧ faɪts əˈbaʊt dɪˈsɛmbər 14 2014 ˈnoʊtɪs ðə drəgz ɪn ʤeɪl wən əv ðiz ɪz ðə ˈəðər ɛks əv ˈʤɛsɪkə ənd ɪn ʤeɪl wɪθ ˈbəˌgaɪ ˈteɪlər. dɪˈsɛmbər 14 2014 braɪən rəd ɪz ˈrənɪŋ drəgz fər ðə gæŋ ɪn ˈwɔtərˌlu, ˈaɪəwə kən ju seɪ ˈɔrgəˌnaɪzd kraɪm? dɪˈsɛmbər 14 2014 ðə kənˈsərvətɪv ˈɔlsoʊ dɪd səm ˈrisərʧ ɪn rɪˈgɑrdz tɪ ðə ˈʤɛsɪkə chambers’*’ keɪs. ðeɪ sim tɪ hæv kəm tɪ ðə seɪm kənˈkluʒən ɛz ðə əˈnɑnəməs grup, ənd ˈpoʊstɪd ə fʊl ˈtaɪmlaɪn əv ɪˈvɛnts ənd ɪkˈspleɪnd waɪ ðeɪ fil ˈloʊkəl gæŋz meɪ bi riˈspɑnsəbəl fər ðə ˌhɔˈrɛndəs kraɪm. fər ə fʊl lɪst əv hækt əˈkaʊnts,, kraɪm sin ˈfoʊˌtoʊz ənd ˈəpˌdeɪts frəm əˈnɑnəməs, ðə əˈkaʊnt ɪz ˈəpˌdeɪtɪd ˈfrikwɛntli. ðoʊ əˈnɑnəməs ɪz ˈmeɪkɪŋ səm ˈprɪti boʊld kleɪmz ɪn rɪˈgɑrdz tɪ ðɪs keɪs, ðə pəˈlis dɪˈpɑrtmənt həz rɪˈmeɪnd ˈsaɪlənt ɔn ðə gæŋ ˈmætər. ðə dɪˈpɑrtmənt sɪz ðət ðeɪ hæv ˈfɑloʊd ɔl lidz ənd keɪm əp ˈɛmti ˈhændɪd. wɪθ ðɪs ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən ˈrɛdəli əˈveɪləbəl ˈɔnˌlaɪn, wən kən ɪkˈspɛkt ðət ðə pəˈlis hæv ðə ˈfoʊˌtoʊz ənd ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən ɪn ðɛr pəˈzɛʃən. ˈðɛrˌfɔr, wɪˈθaʊt ˈprɑpər ˈækˌsɛs tɪ ðə pəˈlis faɪlz, wən kən nɑt bi ˈsərtən hu həz bɪn kˈwɛsʧənd ɪn rɪˈgɑrdz tɪ ðə ˈʤɛsɪkə ˈbərnɪŋ dɛθ. ɪt ɪz ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt tɪ noʊt ðət ðə ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən prəˈvaɪdɪd baɪ əˈnɑnəməs ɪz ʤɪst ə smɔl pis əv ðə ˈpəzəl. əˈnɑnəməs dɪz nɑt hæv ˈækˌsɛs tɪ ðə pəˈlis faɪlz, ənd ˈkænɑt bi ˈsərtən hu həz bɪn kˈwɛsʧənd ər wət ɪz biɪŋ dən wɪθ ðɪs ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən. ðə gæŋ meɪ ˈvɛri wɛl bi ˌɪnˈvɑlvd ɪn ðə dɛθ əv ˈʤɛsɪkə ˈʧeɪmbərz. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, əˈnɑnəməs həz nɑt bɪn ˈeɪbəl tɪ pruv kənˈklusɪvli ðət ðə gæŋ wɑz riˈspɑnsəbəl fər hər dɛθ. ɪf ðə gæŋ ɪz ˌɪnˈvɑlvd, pəˈlis ˈsərtənli hæv ðɪs ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən æt ðɛr dɪˈspoʊzəl. wət du ju θɪŋk əˈbaʊt əˈnɑnəməs ˈhækɪŋ ðə ˈloʊkəl gæŋ ˈsoʊʃəl ˈmidiə əˈkaʊnts? ɪz ðə ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən ˈhɛlpfəl tɪ ðə keɪs, ər ɪz ɪt ˈhərtɪŋ ðə pəˈlis ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃən?
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the hacktivist group known as anonymous has recently come out in support of the jessica chambers murder case. the young girl was found burned alive near her vehicle in rural mississippi. anonymous claims that the police were ill-prepared to handle such a high-profile case; therefore, the group decided to take the case into their own hands. after hacking into several social media accounts of local known gang members, the group was able to uncover some startling new evidence.
the anonymous jessica chambers campaign is being sourced to twitter via the user @0hour1, which is labeled as operationjessicac. the first tweet regarding anonymous jumping on the jessica chambers’ case came on december 12, and noted that the hackers believed a “local gang” was responsible for the girl’s untimely death.
local gang responsible #operationjessica engaged pic.twitter.com/vp0fz381hy #jessicachambers we are legion we do not forgive we do not forget operationjessicac (@0hour1) december 12, 2014
#jessicachambers we are digging stay tuned folks #operationjessicaengaged operationjessicac (@0hour1) december 12, 2014
following the initial tweet, things seemed to heat up fast, as the group hacked several gang members’ social media accounts. anonymous then began tweeting a barrage of damning photos and conversations gained through the cyber attack. the group has claimed to find links between jessica chambers’ and known gang members. jessica has previously dated at least one member of the “black squad” gang, according to their investigation, and notes that the gas station where jessica was last seen is a hub for gang activity.
the tweets paint a picture of violence, drugs, and heavy gang activity in the panola county area, where the burning took place. photos of gang members inside of the panola county jail with drugs and cell phones was used by the hacktivists to show the corruption that may exist within the police department itself.
here are just a few of the pieces of information uncovered by the anonymous group’s hacking efforts.
#jessicachambers gang signs flashed in from of the last known place jessica was seen #anonymous has a further reach pic.twitter.com/qdu7cumvff operationjessicac (@0hour1) december 12, 2014
#jessicachambers gang member bugeye taylor notice the gang signs in every photo #seekingjustice #justiceforjessica pic.twitter.com/cttonrkpho operationjessicac (@0hour1) december 12, 2014
#jessicachambers known gang member and ex bryan rudd we said we would start releasing #anonymous break the silence pic.twitter.com/g6p1esdkdm operationjessicac (@0hour1) december 12, 2014
#jessicachambers known gang member bo bo grinds gangs favorite hang out was the last place jessica was seen alive pic.twitter.com/t8ktgxfd5b operationjessicac (@0hour1) december 12, 2014
#jessicachambers town members have contacted me the fear of this gang is real when night falls they control the area where she was found operationjessicac (@0hour1) december 13, 2014
#jessicachambers could the name derrick be the word from the girls mouth? derrick clark? pass it on!!!! share!! pic.twitter.com/iaixauetpk operationjessicac (@0hour1) december 13, 2014
#jessicachambers store clerk ali alsanai flashing gang signs we are getting feds needed #justiceforjessica pic.twitter.com/z0qenparra operationjessicac (@0hour1) december 13, 2014
derrick holmes freind of ali asanai jailed for exploitation of woman #justiceforjessica http://t.co/dblizwmcrs #anonymous operationjessicac (@0hour1) december 13, 2014
#jessicachambers #justiceforjessica read this gang bangers gf post from previous bitch fights about bbqing bitchs pic.twitter.com/fpmbajeg3q operationjessicac (@0hour1) december 14, 2014
#justiceforjessica notice the drugs in jail one of these is the other ex of jessica and in jail with bugeye taylor. pic.twitter.com/7qzoshd6bh operationjessicac (@0hour1) december 14, 2014
#justiceforjessica bryan rudd is running drugs for the gang in waterloo, iowa can you say organized crime? pic.twitter.com/m5waieecyc operationjessicac (@0hour1) december 14, 2014
the conservative treehouse also did some research in regards to the jessica chambers’ case. they seem to have come to the same conclusion as the anonymous group, and posted a full timeline of events and explained why they feel local gangs may be responsible for the horrendous crime.
for a full list of hacked accounts, tweets, crime scene photos and updates from anonymous, the @0hour1 account is updated frequently.
though anonymous is making some pretty bold claims in regards to this case, the police department has remained silent on the gang matter. the department says that they have followed all leads and came up empty handed. with this information readily available online, one can expect that the police have the photos and information in their possession. therefore, without proper access to the police files, one can not be certain who has been questioned in regards to the jessica chamber’s burning death.
it is important to note that the information provided by anonymous is just a small piece of the puzzle. anonymous does not have access to the police files, and cannot be certain who has been questioned or what is being done with this information. the gang may very well be involved in the death of jessica chambers. however, anonymous has not been able to prove conclusively that the gang was responsible for her death.
if the gang is involved, police certainly have this information at their disposal. what do you think about anonymous hacking the local gang network’s social media accounts? is the information helpful to the case, or is it hurting the police investigation?
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ˈwɔʃɪŋtən (ˈrɔɪtərz) ə bʊʃ ædˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃən plæn tɪ lɛt juz. ˈeɪʤənsiz ˌdɪˈsaɪd fər ðɛmˈsɛlvz ˈwɛðər ðɛr ˈækʃənz pʊt ˈwaɪlˌdlaɪf æt rɪsk ɪz drɔɪŋ faɪər frəm ɪnˌvaɪrənˈmɛnəl grups, wɪʧ seɪ ðɪs ɪz laɪk ˈlɛtɪŋ ə fɑks gɑrd ə ˈhɛnˌhaʊs. ðə ˌɪnˈtɪriər dɪˈpɑrtmənt, wən əv tu ˈfɛdərəl ˈeɪʤənsiz ˈpʊʃɪŋ fər ðɪs ˈpɑləsi ʧeɪnʤ, ˈriʤɛkts ðə environmentalists’*’ krɪˈtik, seɪɪŋ ðə nu rul wʊd kət ˌbjʊrəˈkrætɪk rɛd teɪp ənd fri ˈgəvərnmənt ˈsaɪəntɪsts fər mɔr ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt wərk. bət ə ˌkoʊəˈlɪʃən əv ˌkɑnsərˈveɪʃən grups siz ðə muv ɛz ən əˈtɛmpt tɪ gət ðə ɪnˈdeɪnʤərd ˈspiʃiz ækt. ɪz ɪgˈzæktli ðə fɑks ˈgɑrdɪŋ ðə henhouse,”*,” ˈmaɪkəl ˈdɔltən əv ðə ˈnæʃənəl ˈɔdəbɑn soʊˈsaɪɪti sɛd. ə ˈskɛri ˌprɑpəˈzɪʃən tɪ θɪŋk əˈbaʊt ˈeɪʤənsiz wɪθ noʊ ˈwaɪlˌdlaɪf ˌɛkspərˈtiz æt ɔl ˈmeɪkɪŋ dɪˈsɪʒənz əˈbaʊt ðə feɪt əv ˈspiʃiz, pəˈtɛnʃəli ˈlidɪŋ tɪ extinction.”*.” ðə ɪnˈdeɪnʤərd ˈspiʃiz ækt ɪz mɛnt tɪ prəˈtɛkt θˈrɛtənd ˈwaɪlˌdlaɪf baɪ riˈlaɪɪŋ ɔn ðə bɛst əˈveɪləbəl saɪəns, ðə ɛnˈvaɪrənˌmɛnəlɪsts ˈnoʊtɪd. ˈgəvərnmənt ˈsaɪəntɪsts məst naʊ kənˈsəlt wɪθ ˈeɪʤənsiz ɔn ˈprɑʤɛkts ðət kʊd pʊt ˈspiʃiz æt rɪsk. ðə rulz ʧeɪnʤ kʊd teɪk ˈsaɪəntɪsts aʊt əv ðə ɪkˈweɪʒən, ðə ˌkɑnsərˈveɪʃən ˌkoʊəˈlɪʃən meɪnˈteɪnd. ˈɔdəbɑn, wɪʧ eɪmz tɪ prəˈtɛkt bərdz, wɑz əˈməŋ mɔr ðən 120 grups ðət ʤɔɪnd tɪ fləd ðə ˌɪnˈtɪriər fɪʃ ənd ˈwaɪlˌdlaɪf ˈsərvɪs wɪθ ˈnɛgətɪv ˈkɑmɛnts əˈbaʊt ðə plæn ɔn ˈfraɪˌdeɪ. ðɪs fləd əv ˈpeɪpər wɑz taɪmd tɪ ˌkoʊɪnˈsaɪd wɪθ ðə ɛnd əv ən əˈfɪʃəl comment”*” ˈpɪriəd ɔn ðə prəˈpoʊzd rul ʧeɪnʤ, wɪʧ ɛndz ɔn ˈtuzˌdeɪ. ˈæftər ðət, ɪt ɪz ənˈklɪr wɪn ər ˈwɛðər ðə rul wɪl bi əˈdɑptəd. ˈmɛri pass’*’ prəˈpoʊzd rul ʧeɪnʤ ɪz ˈɑbviəsli ə heɪl ˈmɛri pæs tɪ ˈɪndəstri frɛndz ɪn ðə ˈfaɪnəl deɪz əv ðə bʊʃ ædˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃən ənd ɪt wɪl fail,”*,” sɛd ʤəˈnɛt ˈbrɪmər, ə ˈlɔjər wɪθ earthjustice*. ə heɪl ˈmɛri pæs ɪz ə ˈdɛspərɪt ˌlæsˈmɪnət pleɪ ɪn əˈmɛrɪkən ˈfʊtˌbɔl. æt ðə hɑrt əv ðə ˈmætər ɪz ðə ˈnoʊʃən əv ˈdrɑpɪŋ ə rɪkˈwaɪrmənt fər juz. ˈeɪʤənsiz frəm ðə ˌtrænspərˈteɪʃən dɪˈpɑrtmənt tɪ ðə ˈɑrmi kɔrz əv ˈɛnʤəˈnɪrz tɪ kənˈsəlt wɪθ ˈsaɪəntɪsts ˌbiˈfɔr ðeɪ teɪk ɔn ˈprɑʤɛkts ðət kʊd θˈrɛtən ˈwaɪlˌdlaɪf ɔn ðə ɪnˈdeɪnʤərd ˈspiʃiz lɪst. ɛz ðə ˌɪnˈtɪriər ənd ˈkɑmərs dɪˈpɑrtmənts roʊt ɪn ðɛr plæn, riˈlist ɪn wɪθ ˈlɪtəl ˈfænˌfɛr: prəˈpoʊz tɪ æd ˈlæŋgwɪʤ ðət ˈækʃən ˈeɪʤənsiz ər nɑt rikˈwaɪərd tɪ kənˈsəlt ɔn ðoʊz ˈækʃənz fər wɪʧ ðeɪ dɪˈtərmən ðɛr ˈækʃən wɪl hæv effect’*’ ɔn ˈlɪstɪd ˈspiʃiz ər ˈkrɪtɪkəl habitat.”*.” ðiz tu ˈeɪʤənsiz sɛt ə ˈpəblɪk ˈkɑmɛnt ˈpɪriəd, wɪʧ wɑz ɪkˈstɛndɪd fər ən əˈdɪʃənəl 30 deɪz. ˌkɑnsərˈveɪʃən grups ərʤd ə ˈpɪriəd fər ˈkɑmɛnt frəm ðə ˈpəblɪk ənd ˈkɑŋgrəs, ənd sɛd ˈkɑmɛnts ʃʊd bi əˈlaʊd baɪ fæks ənd ˈiˌmeɪl ɪn əˈdɪʃən tɪ ˈpeɪpər ˈlɛtərz, ðə ˈoʊnli fɔrm naʊ ækˈsɛptɪd. əˈbriviˌeɪtɪd ˈtaɪmlaɪn ənd riˈstrɪktɪv ˈkɑmɛntɪŋ ˈɔpʃənz reɪz ˈsɪriəs kənˈsərnz ðət ðə dɪˈpɑrtmənt əv ðə ˌɪnˈtɪriər ɪz əˈtɛmptɪŋ tɪ ˈriˌraɪt ə ˈbɛˌdrɑk ɪnˌvaɪrənˈmɛnəl ˈstæʧut wɪˈθaʊt əˈlaʊɪŋ fər ˈɛniˌθɪŋ əˈproʊʧɪŋ ˈædəkˌweɪt ˈpəblɪk involvement,”*,” ðə ɪnˌvaɪrənˈmɛnəl grups sɛd ɪn ə ˈlɛtər tɪ ðə ˌɪnˈtɪriər fɪʃ ənd ˈwaɪlˌdlaɪf ˈsərvɪs. krɪs pɑoʊˈlinoʊ, ən ˌɪnˈtɪriər dɪˈpɑrtmənt ˈspoʊksmən, sɛd ˌsaɪənˈtɪfɪk ˌkɑnsəlˈteɪʃən əˈkərz ɪn ðə ˈplænɪŋ feɪz əv ˈfɛdərəl ˈprɑʤɛkts, ənd ðət ðiz ˈsaɪəntɪsts du nɑt ˈsɪmpli stamp”*” ˈgəvərnmənt ˈɛfərts. ðə eɪm əv ðə prəˈpoʊzd rul ʧeɪnʤ, pɑoʊˈlinoʊ sɛd baɪ ˈtɛləˌfoʊn, tɪ ˈstrimˌlaɪn ðə ˈprɔˌsɛs ə ˈlɪtəl bɪt, riˈmuv rɛd teɪp wɛr wi kən ənd riˈmuv ðə ˈbæˌklɔg əv ˌkɑnsəlˈteɪʃənz ðət hæd dɪˈvɛləpt ˈoʊvər ðə læst 30 jɪrz ənd əˈlaʊ fər ðoʊz ˈprɑʤɛkts wɛr ən ækˈsɛptɪd ˈnɛgətɪv impact’*’ tɪ ən ɪnˈdeɪnʤərd ˈspiʃiz tɪ muv forward.”*.” ðə bʊʃ ædˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃən həz bɪn ˈwaɪdli ˈkrɪtəˌsaɪzd fər ɪts ˈrɛkərd ɔn ɪnˈdeɪnʤərd ˈspiʃiz. sɪns ˈprɛzɪdənt ʤɔrʤ ˈdəbəlju. bʊʃ tʊk ˈɔfəs ɪn 2001 58 ˈspiʃiz hæv bɪn ˈædɪd tɪ ðə lɪst, kəmˈpɛrd wɪθ 522 ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə eɪt jɪrz əv ðə ˈklɪntən ædˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃən ənd 231 ɪn ðə ˌfɔˈrjɪr ˈprɛzɪdənsi əv ʤɔrʤ h.w*. bʊʃ, ðə ˈkɑrənt ˈfɑðər.
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washington (reuters) - a bush administration plan to let u.s. agencies decide for themselves whether their actions put wildlife at risk is drawing fire from environmental groups, which say this is like letting a fox guard a henhouse.
the interior department, one of two federal agencies pushing for this policy change, rejects the environmentalists’ critique, saying the new rule would cut bureaucratic red tape and free government scientists for more important work.
but a coalition of conservation groups sees the move as an attempt to gut the endangered species act.
“this is exactly the fox guarding the henhouse,” michael daulton of the national audubon society said. “it’s a scary proposition to think about agencies with no wildlife expertise at all making decisions about the fate of species, potentially leading to extinction.”
the 35-year-old endangered species act is meant to protect threatened wildlife by relying on the best available science, the environmentalists noted. government scientists must now consult with agencies on projects that could put species at risk.
the rules change could take scientists out of the equation, the conservation coalition maintained.
audubon, which aims to protect birds, was among more than 120 groups that joined to flood the interior department’s fish and wildlife service with 100,000 negative comments about the plan on friday.
this flood of paper was timed to coincide with the end of an official “public comment” period on the proposed rule change, which ends on tuesday. after that, it is unclear when or whether the rule will be adopted.
‘hail mary pass’
“this proposed rule change is obviously a hail mary pass to industry friends in the final days of the bush administration and it will fail,” said janette brimmer, a lawyer with earthjustice.
a hail mary pass is a desperate last-minute play in american football.
at the heart of the matter is the notion of dropping a requirement for u.s. agencies — from the transportation department to the army corps of engineers — to consult with scientists before they take on projects that could threaten wildlife on the endangered species list.
as the interior and commerce departments wrote in their plan, released in mid-august with little fanfare: “we propose to add language that action agencies are not required to consult on those actions for which they determine their action will have ‘no effect’ on listed species or critical habitat.”
these two agencies set a 30-day public comment period, which was extended for an additional 30 days. conservation groups urged a 120-day period for comment from the public and congress, and said comments should be allowed by fax and e-mail in addition to paper letters, the only form now accepted.
“the abbreviated timeline and restrictive commenting options raise serious concerns that the department of the interior is attempting to rewrite a bedrock environmental statute without allowing for anything approaching adequate public involvement,” the environmental groups said in a letter to the interior department’s fish and wildlife service.
chris paolino, an interior department spokesman, said scientific consultation occurs in the planning phase of federal projects, and that these scientists do not simply “rubber stamp” government efforts.
the aim of the proposed rule change, paolino said by telephone, “is to streamline the process a little bit, remove red tape where we can and remove the backlog of consultations that had developed over the last 30 years and allow for those projects where there’s an accepted ‘no negative impact’ to an endangered species to move forward.”
the bush administration has been widely criticized for its record on endangered species. since president george w. bush took office in 2001, 58 species have been added to the list, compared with 522 during the eight years of the clinton administration and 231 in the four-year presidency of george h.w. bush, the current president’s father.
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jasep* ˈsinjər ˈmɛmbər ˈrɛʤɪstərd: ʤən 2002 loʊˈkeɪʃən: ˈistərn pɑ, ˈjuˈɛˈseɪ ˌdɪstrəˈbjuʃən: ˌsaɪənˈtɪfɪk ˈlɪnəks ˈprɪti məʧ ɔl æt wən pɔɪnt... poʊsts: rɛpriˈzɛtətɪv: noʊt: ˈpleɪˌbæk ɪn kroʊm noʊ ˈlɔŋgər ˈwərkɪŋ. ðə ˈvərʒən əv kroʊm wɑz ðə ˈleɪtəst tu ˈvərʒənz dɪˈrɛkt frəm ˈgugəl, nɑt ðə ˈvərʒən ɪn ðə riˈpɑzəˌtɔriz. ɪt dɪd nɑt ˈmætər ɪf kroʊm hæd bɪn ˈəpˌdeɪtɪd ər nɑt. nɔr dɪd ɪt ˈmætər ɪf kroʊm wɑz juzd tɪ ənd sɪŋk wɪθ ə ˈgugəl əˈkaʊnt ər nɑt. ðə ˈɪʃu ɪz ˈprɪti ˈklɪrli ðə seɪm ɛz ðə ˈæməˌzɑn praɪm flæʃ ˈpleɪˌbæk wən (flæʃ rikˈwaɪərz hæl fər "sɪˈkjʊrəti" fər səm ˈrizən). ðə ˈoʊnli noʊn səˈluʃən, æt ðɪs taɪm, ɪz tɪ juz (əg), ənd ðə "ˈdəmi" hæl baɪ ˈmaɪkəl blennerhassett*, ɪn ðə seɪm weɪ ɛz tɪ ðə ˈæməˌzɑn praɪm ˈɪʃu. ðə ˈfɑloʊɪŋ ˈɑrtɪkəl ɪz ə nis ˌɛkspləˈneɪʃən əv ðə ˈprɑbləm ənd ðə səˈluʃən: http://www.howtogeek.com/204319/how-...ideo-on-linux*/ ɪt wʊd bi nis ɪf ˈlɪnəks ˈjuzərz, ˈəðər ðən ˌuˈbuˌtu ˈjuzərz, wʊd rɪˈpɔrt bæk ˈwɛðər ðɪs ˈɪʃu ɪgˈzɪsts ɪn ˈəðər. ɪts ˈpɑsəbəl, ˌhaʊˈɛvər ənˈlaɪkli, ðət ɪt ɪz spɪˈsɪfɪk tɪ ˌuˈbuˌtu ənd ˌuˈbuˌtu dərˈɪvətɪvz. əˈpɛrəntli, məst hæv haɪərd ðə seɪm hæk wɛb dɪˈvɛləpərz ðət ˈæməˌzɑn juzd fər ðɛr ˈæməˌzɑn praɪm ˈvɪdioʊ ˈsərvɪs. səm taɪm ˈoʊvər ðə læst hrs*., ˈpleɪˌbæk ɪn kroʊm (æt list ɪn ˌuˈbuˌtu) həz bɪn bɑʧt. əˈtɛmpts tɪ juz ə ˈpriviəsli ˈwərkɪŋ kroʊm ˈbraʊzər naʊ ˈʤɛnərˌeɪt ən "ˈɛrər 3336 rɪˈleɪtɪŋ tɪ riˈstrɪktɪd ˈkɑntɛnt (a/k/a*; drm*, ˈdɪʤɪtəl riˈstrɪkʃənz ˈvərʒən əv kroʊm wɑz ðə ˈleɪtəst tu ˈvərʒənz dɪˈrɛkt frəm ˈgugəl, nɑt ðə ˈvərʒən ɪn ðə riˈpɑzəˌtɔriz. ɪt dɪd nɑt ˈmætər ɪf kroʊm hæd bɪn ˈəpˌdeɪtɪd ər nɑt. nɔr dɪd ɪt ˈmætər ɪf kroʊm wɑz juzd tɪ ənd sɪŋk wɪθ ə ˈgugəl əˈkaʊnt ər nɑt. ðə ˈɪʃu ɪz ˈprɪti ˈklɪrli ðə seɪm ɛz ðə ˈæməˌzɑn praɪm flæʃ ˈpleɪˌbæk wən (flæʃ rikˈwaɪərz hæl fər "sɪˈkjʊrəti" fər səm ˈoʊnli noʊn səˈluʃən, æt ðɪs taɪm, ɪz tɪ juz (əg), ənd ðə "ˈdəmi" hæl baɪ ˈmaɪkəl blennerhassett*, ɪn ðə seɪm weɪ ɛz tɪ ðə ˈæməˌzɑn praɪm ˈɪʃu. ðə ˈfɑloʊɪŋ ˈɑrtɪkəl ɪz ə nis ˌɛkspləˈneɪʃən əv ðə ˈprɑbləm ənd ðə wʊd bi nis ɪf ˈlɪnəks ˈjuzərz, ˈəðər ðən ˌuˈbuˌtu ˈjuzərz, wʊd rɪˈpɔrt bæk ˈwɛðər ðɪs ˈɪʃu ɪgˈzɪsts ɪn ˈəðər. ɪts ˈpɑsəbəl, ˌhaʊˈɛvər ənˈlaɪkli, ðət ɪt ɪz spɪˈsɪfɪk tɪ ˌuˈbuˌtu ənd ˌuˈbuˌtu dərˈɪvətɪvz.
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jasep senior member
registered: jun 2002 location: eastern pa, usa distribution: k/ubuntu 18.04-14.04, scientific linux 6.3-6.4, android-x86, pretty much all distros at one point... posts: 1,802
rep:
note: hulu playback in chrome no longer working.
the version of chrome was the latest two versions direct from google, not the version in the repositories. it did not matter if chrome had been updated or not. nor did it matter if chrome was used to login and sync with a google account or not. the issue is pretty clearly the same as the amazon prime flash playback one (flash requires hal for "security" for some reason).
the only known solution, at this time, is to use firefox (ugh), and the "dummy" hal ppa by michael blennerhassett, in the same way as to work-around the amazon prime issue. the following article is a nice explanation of the problem and the solution:
http://www.howtogeek.com/204319/how-...ideo-on-linux/
it would be nice if linux users, other than ubuntu users, would report back whether this issue exists in other distros. it's possible, however unlikely, that it is specific to ubuntu and ubuntu derivatives. apparently, hulu must have hired the same hack web developers that amazon used for their amazon prime video service. some time over the last 24-36 hrs., hulu playback in chrome (at least in ubuntu) has been botched. attempts to use a previously working chrome browser now generate an "error 3336" relating to restricted content (a/k/a; drm, digital restrictions management).the version of chrome was the latest two versions direct from google, not the version in the repositories. it did not matter if chrome had been updated or not. nor did it matter if chrome was used to login and sync with a google account or not. the issue is pretty clearly the same as the amazon prime flash playback one (flash requires hal for "security" for some reason).the only known solution, at this time, is to use firefox (ugh), and the "dummy" hal ppa by michael blennerhassett, in the same way as to work-around the amazon prime issue. the following article is a nice explanation of the problem and the solution:it would be nice if linux users, other than ubuntu users, would report back whether this issue exists in other distros. it's possible, however unlikely, that it is specific to ubuntu and ubuntu derivatives.
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ˈlɪtərəʧər ˈpəblɪʃt baɪ a.a*. wərld ˈsərvɪsɪz, ɪŋk. ɪz ə ˈrisɔrs fər ðə rɪˈkəvərɪŋ ˌælkəˈhɑlɪk ənd fər ˈɛniˌwən hu wɔnts tɪ faɪnd aʊt əˈbaʊt ˌælkəˈhɑlɪks əˈnɑnəməs, ɪts ˈhɪstəri ənd haʊ ɪt wərks. ˈʤɛnərəl ˈsərvɪs ˈlɪtərəʧər rɪˈflɛkts ðə grup ˈkɑnʃəns əv ðə ˈfɛloʊˌʃɪp əv a.a*. ənd ˌɪnˈkludz ðə bʊk ˌælkəˈhɑlɪks əˈnɑnəməs (əˈfɛkʃənətli noʊn baɪ ˈmɛmbərz ɛz ðə bɪg bʊk); ˈdeɪli rɪˈflɛkʃənz, ə ˌkɑmpəˈleɪʃən əv ˈspɪrɪˌʧuəl rɪˈflɛkʃənz kənˈtrɪbjutɪd baɪ ˈmɛmbərz; bʊks ˈrɪtən baɪ wən əv (səʧ ɛz twɛlv stɛps ənd twɛlv trəˈdɪʃənz ənd ɛz bɪl siz ɪt); ənd ə waɪd vərˈaɪəti əv ˈpæmfləts ənd ˈbʊklɪts ðət dil wɪθ ðə θri ˈlɛgəsiz əv ˌælkəˈhɑlɪks əˈnɑnəməs: rɪˈkəvəri, ˈjunɪti ənd ˈsərvɪs. a.a.w.s*. ˈpəblɪʃɪz ˈlɪtərəʧər ɪn θri ˈlæŋgwɪʤɪz, ˈɪŋlɪʃ, ˈspænɪʃ ənd frɛnʧ, wɪʧ rɪˈflɛkt ðə θri ˈpraɪˌmɛri ˈlæŋgwɪʤɪz ˈspoʊkən ɪn ðə ˈʤɛnərəl ˈsərvɪs ˈkɑnfərəns ˈstrəkʧər əv ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts ənd ˈkænədə. wi ˈɔlsoʊ ˈpəblɪʃ ənd ˈlaɪsəns trænzˈleɪʃənz əv ðə bɪg bʊk ənd ˈəðər ˈlɪtərəʧər ɪn ˈlæŋgwɪʤɪz ənd ˈkəntriz əraʊnd ðə wərld, məʧ əv wɪʧ ɪz əˈveɪləbəl ɪn ðə ˈlɪtərəʧər ˈkætəlɔg ˈpəblɪʃt baɪ a.a*. wərld ˈsərvɪsɪz, ɪŋk.
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literature published by a.a. world services, inc. is a resource for the recovering alcoholic and for anyone who wants to find out about alcoholics anonymous, its history and how it works. general service conference-approved literature reflects the group conscience of the fellowship of a.a. and includes the book alcoholics anonymous (affectionately known by members as the big book); daily reflections, a compilation of spiritual reflections contributed by members; books written by one of a.a.’s co-founders (such as twelve steps and twelve traditions and as bill sees it); and a wide variety of pamphlets and booklets that deal with the three legacies of alcoholics anonymous: recovery, unity and service. a.a.w.s. publishes literature in three languages, english, spanish and french, which reflect the three primary languages spoken in the general service conference structure of the united states and canada. we also publish and license translations of the big book and other literature in languages and countries around the world, much of which is available in the literature catalog published by a.a. world services, inc.
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ˈwɔʃɪŋtən ðə ˈsɛnɪt ˌɪnˈtɛləʤəns kəˈmɪti ɔn ˈtuzˌdeɪ riˈlist ðə ˈhaɪli ænˈtɪsəˌpeɪtɪd ˈsəməri əv ɪts rɪˈpɔrt ɔn ðə ˈtɔrʧər ˈproʊˌgræm, prəˈvaɪdɪŋ ə ˈsoʊbərɪŋ glɪmps ˈɪntu wən əv ðə ˈdɑrkəst ˈʧæptərz ɪn ðə juz. ˈgəvərnmənts ˈhɪstəri. ɪn ðə rɪˈpɔrt, ə ˈprɑdəkt əv ə ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃən, ˈsɛnɪt ˌɪnˈvɛstəˌgeɪtərz rɪˈvil ˈsɔrdəd ˈditeɪlz əv ðə sɪˈstɛmɪk ənd ˌɪndəˈvɪʤəwəl ˈfeɪljərz baɪ ðə ˈeɪʤənsi ˌpərsəˈnɛl hu ræn ðə "ɛnˈhænst ˌɪnˌtɛrəˈgeɪʃən ˈproʊˌgræm" ðə ˈgəvərnmənts ˈjufəˌmɪzəm fər ˌsɪstəˈmætɪk ˈtɔrʧər ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə ʤɔrʤ ˈdəbəlju. bʊʃ ædˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃən. ðə ˈproʊˌgræm ˌɪnˈvɑlvd ˈkæpʧərɪŋ ˈtɛrəˌrɪzəm ˈsəˌspɛkts ənd ˈʃɪpɪŋ ðɛm tɪ ˈsikrɪt ˈoʊvərˈsiz ˈprɪzənz, wɛr ðeɪ wər səˈbʤɛktɪd tɪ tɛkˈniks səʧ ɛz. ðə ˈproʊˌgræm həz lɔŋ bɪn ˈkrɪtəˌsaɪzd ɛz ənd ə ˈʧɪlɪŋ dɪˈpɑrʧər frəm ðə ˈvæljuz. əˈpoʊnənts əˈlɛʤ ðət ɪt rɪˈzəltɪd ɪn groʊs əˈbjuzɪz ənd ˌɪnhjuˈmeɪn ˈtritmənt əv dɪˌteɪˈniz, səm əv hum wər ɪˈvɛnʧəwəli rɪˈvild nɑt tɪ hæv bɪn ˌɪnˈvɑlvd ɪn ˈtɛrər ˌɔrgənəˈzeɪʃənz. ðə rɪˈpɔrt meɪ bi ðə moʊst əˈfɪʃəl əˈkaʊnt tɪ deɪt əv ðə ˈproʊˌgræm, wɪʧ ðə ˈsɛnɪt ˌɪnˈvɛstəˌgeɪtərz seɪ wɑz mɪsˈmænɪʤd, ˈpurli kənˈdəktəd ənd ˈkɛrɪktərˌaɪzd baɪ əˈbjuzɪz fɑr mɔr ˈwaɪdˈsprɛd ðən ðə siaɪeɪ ˈpriviəsli kənˈveɪd tɪ ˈlɔˌmeɪkərz. ðə ˈnuli riˈlist ˈdɑkjəmɛnt tɪrz əˈpɑrt ðə pæst kleɪmz ðət ˈoʊnli ə smɔl ˈnəmbər əv dɪˌteɪˈniz wər səˈbʤɛktɪd tɪ ðə hɑrʃ ˌɪnˌtɛrəˈgeɪʃən tɛkˈniks. ðə ˈeɪʤənsi həz sɛd ɪt hɛld fjuər ðən 100 dɪˌteɪˈniz ənd səˈbʤɛktɪd fjuər ðən ˌwənˈθərd əv ðoʊz tɪ ˌkɑntrəˈvərʃəl ˈtæktɪks səʧ ɛz. bət ˈsɛnɪt ˌɪnˈvɛstəˌgeɪtərz faʊnd ðət ðə siaɪeɪ hæd ˈæˌkʧuəli kɛpt 119 dɪˌteɪˈniz ɪn ˈkəstədi, 26 əv hum wər ˌɪˈligəli hɛld. ənd dɪˈspaɪt siaɪeɪ ˌɪnˈsɪstəns ðət ðə ˈproʊˌgræm wɑz ˈlɪmɪtɪd ɪn skoʊp, ˈsɛnɪt ˌɪnˈvɛstəˌgeɪtərz kənˈklud ðət ðə juz əv ˈtɔrʧər wɑz məʧ mɔr ˈwaɪdˈsprɛd ðən ˈpriviəsli θɔt. ðə ˈstədi rɪˈvilz ˈsɛvərəl ˈgrusəm ˈɪnstənsɪz əv ˈtɔrʧər baɪ siaɪeɪ ˈɔfɪsərz hu pɑrˈtɪsəˌpeɪtɪd ɪn ðə ˈproʊˌgræm, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ θrɛts əv ˈsɛkʃuəl ˈvaɪələns ˈjuzɪŋ ə ˈbrumˌstɪk ənd ðə juz əv "ˈrɛktəl haɪˈdreɪʃən" ɪn ˈɪnstənsɪz əv hɑrʃ ˌɪnˌtɛrəˈgeɪʃənz ðət ˈlæstɪd fər deɪz ər wiks ɔn ɛnd. ənd, ˈkɑntrɛri tɪ ðə ˈeɪʤənsiz praɪər ˌɪnˈsɪstəns ðət ˈoʊnli θri dɪˌteɪˈniz wər ˈsəbʤɪkt tɪ, ðə ˈsɛnɪt rɪˈpɔrt səˈʤɛsts ɪt wɑz ˈlaɪkli juzd ɔn mɔr dɪˌteɪˈniz. ðə rɪˈpɔrt saɪts ðə ˈprɛzəns əv məˈtɪriəlz ˈtɪpɪkəli juzd fər biɪŋ ˈprɛzənt æt ˈsərtən "blacksites*," ər ˈsikrɪt ˈprɪzənz, wɛr ðə ˈeɪʤənsi hæd ˈpriviəsli sɛd wɑz nɑt juzd. ˈrəðər ðən ˈrɛsəlɪŋ wɪθ ðə ˌmɔˈræləˌti əv ðə ˈtɔrʧər ˈproʊˌgræm ər ðə ˌɑpərˈeɪʃənz ˈdæmɪʤɪŋ ˈifɛkt ɔn ðə u.s.’*.’ ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl ˌkrɛdəˈbɪlɪti, ˈsɛnɪt ˌɪnˈvɛstəˌgeɪtərz ˌɪnˈstɛd weɪd ˈwɛðər ðə ˈeɪʤənsiz ˈtæktɪks wər ˈifɛktɪv. θru ˈnɛrətɪv ɪgˌzæməˈneɪʃənz əv 20 ˈsɛpərˌeɪt ˌditeɪˈni ˈkeɪsɪz, ðə ˈpænəl əˈtɛmptəd tɪ meɪk ðə keɪs ðət ðə juz əv hɑrʃ ˌɪnˌtɛrəˈgeɪʃən tɛkˈniks səʧ ɛz dɪd nɑt jild ˈvæljəbəl ˌɪnˈtɛləʤəns. "ðə kəˈmɪti rivˈjud 20 əv ðə moʊst ˈfrikˌwɛnt ənd ˈprɑmənənt ɪgˈzæmpəlz əv pərˈpɔrtɪd ˈkaʊntərˌtɛrərˌɪzəm 'səkˈsɛsɪz' ðət ðə siaɪeɪ həz əˈtrɪbjətəd tɪ ðə juz əv ɪts ɛnˈhænst ˌɪnˌtɛrəˈgeɪʃən tɛkˈniks," sɛn. daɪæn ˈfaɪnˌstin (d-calif*.), ʧɛr əv ðə ˌɪnˈtɛləʤəns ˈpænəl, sɛd ɪn ə ˈsteɪtmənt ˈtuzˌdeɪ. "iʧ əv ðoʊz ɪgˈzæmpəlz wɑz faʊnd tɪ bi rɔŋ ɪn ˌfəndəˈmɛnəl rɪˈspɛkts." ɪn səm ˈɪnstənsɪz, ðə ˈstədi faɪndz, ðə ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən əkˈwaɪərd pruvd ˌɪˈrɛləvənt tɪ ˈstɑpɪŋ ˈtɛrər θrɛts. ɪn ˈəðərz, ðə juz əv ðə tɛkˈniks rɪˈzəltɪd ɪn dɪˌteɪˈniz prəˈvaɪdɪŋ ˈfæbrɪˌkeɪtɪd ər ˌɪˈnækjərət ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən, ənd ɪn stɪl ˈəðər ˈkeɪsɪz, ðə ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən əbˈteɪnd θru ˌɪnˈtɛrəˌgeɪtɪŋ ðə dɪˌteɪˈniz hæd ɔˈrɛdi bɪn əkˈwaɪərd θru ˈəðər tɛkˈniks. ˈgɪvɪn ðət ðə tɛkˈniks wər ˌɪnɪˈfɛktɪv, ðə ˈstədi sɪz, ðə ˈeɪʤənsi ruˈtinli mɪsˈlɛd ˈkɑŋgrəs ənd ðə waɪt haʊs wɪn ɪt kleɪmd ðət ðə juz əv ˈtɔrʧər dɪd ɪn fækt kənˈtrɪbjut tɪ ˌɪnˈtɛləʤəns ˈvɪktəriz. fər ˈɪnstəns, ðə ˈsɛnɪt rɪˈpɔrt ˈpʊʃɪz bæk əˈgɛnst ðə ˈɑrgjəmənt ðət ˈtɔrʧər prəˈvaɪdɪd ðə ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən əˈbaʊt oʊˈsɑmə bɪn ˈkəriər ðət hɛlpt ðə juz. kɪl ðə æl ˈlidər ɪn 2011 ɪn ə dɪˈskəʃən ɔn ðə ˈsəbʤɪkt, ˈsɛnɪt ˌɪnˈvɛstəˌgeɪtərz seɪ ðə ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən ðət lɛd ðə juz. tɪ bɪn ˈleɪdən wɑz əbˈteɪnd frəm ə ˌditeɪˈni waɪl hi wɑz ɪn ˈfɔrən ˈkəstədi, praɪər tɪ biɪŋ səˈbʤɛktɪd tɪ ˈtɔrʧər. ðə siaɪeɪ, ˌhaʊˈɛvər, rɪfˈjuts ðiz kənˈkluʒənz. ɪn ə ˈrəfli əˈfɪʃəl rɪˈspɑns riˈlist əˈlɔŋˈsaɪd ðə ˌɪnˈtɛləʤəns ˈsəməri, ðə ˈeɪʤənsi kənˈtɛndz ðət hɑrʃ ˌɪnˌtɛrəˈgeɪʃən tɛkˈniks wər ˈifɛktɪv. səm ˈtoʊtəl əv ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən prəˈvaɪdɪd frəm dɪˌteɪˈniz ɪn siaɪeɪ ˈkəstədi səbˈstænʃəli ədˈvænst ðə strəˈtiʤɪk ənd ˈtæktɪkəl ˌəndərˈstændɪŋ əv ðə ˈɛnəmi ɪn weɪz ðət kənˈtɪnju tɪ ˌɪnˈfɔrm ˈkaʊntərˌtɛrərˌɪzəm ˈɛfərts tɪ ðɪs deɪ," ðə ˈeɪʤənsi sɛd ɪn ɪts rɪˈbətəl. ðə rɪˈspɑns ˈɑrgjuz ðət ɪts nɑt klɪr ˈwɛðər ðə ˈvæljəbəl ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən kʊd hæv bɪn əkˈwaɪərd baɪ minz ˈəðər ðən hɑrʃ ˌɪnˌtɛrəˈgeɪʃən tɛkˈniks, ˌɔlˈðoʊ ðə ˈeɪʤənsi kənˈsidz ðət ɪts ˈpɑsəbəl. ɪz ˌɪmˈpɑsəbəl tɪ ˌɪˈmæʤən haʊ siaɪeɪ kʊd hæv əˈʧivd ðə seɪm rɪˈzəlts ɪn tərmz əv dɪsˈrəptɪŋ plɑts, ˈkæpʧərɪŋ ˈəðər ˈtɛrəˌrɪsts, ənd dɪˈgreɪdɪŋ wɪˈθaʊt ˈɛni ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən frəm dɪˌteɪˈniz, bət ɪt ɪz ənˈnoʊəbəl ˈwɛðər, wɪˈθaʊt ɛnˈhænst ˌɪnˌtɛrəˈgeɪʃən tɛkˈniks, siaɪeɪ ər ˌɪnˈtɛrəˌgeɪtərz kʊd hæv əkˈwaɪərd ðə seɪm ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən frəm ðoʊz dɪˌteɪˈniz," ðə rɪˈbətəl sɛd. stɪl, ðə siaɪeɪ ɪz nɑt ˈædvəˌkeɪtɪŋ ə rɪˈtərn tɪ ðə juz əv ˈtɔrʧər ˈdʊrɪŋ ˌɪnˌtɛrəˈgeɪʃənz. ˈrəðər, ɪt ɪz moʊst kənˈsərnd wɪθ dɪˈfɛndɪŋ ˌɪtˈsɛlf əˈgɛnst ˈʧɑrʤɪz ðət ɪt mɪsˈlɛd ˈkɑŋgrəs ənd ðə waɪt haʊs əˈbaʊt ðə ɪkˈstɛnt ənd ˈvælju əv ðə ˈproʊˌgræm. ðə əˈfɪʃəl rɪˈspɑns ˈviəməntli ˈʧælənʤɪz ðə ˈsɛnɪts ˌæləˈgeɪʃən ðət ðə spaɪz ˈæktɪd ˈaʊtˈsaɪd ðə ˈlɪmɪts əv wət ðə waɪt haʊs hæd əˈlaʊd ðə ˈeɪʤənsi tɪ du. ðə ˈeɪʤənsi həz sɛd ðət ðə ɛnˈhænst ˌɪnˌtɛrəˈgeɪʃənz wər pɑrt əv ə ˈproʊˌgræm ˈkɛrid aʊt ˈəndər ɪkˈsprɛs ˈɔrdərz frəm wɪˈθɪn ðə bʊʃ ædˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃən. "ðə ˈɪmɪʤ pɔrˈtreɪd ɪn ðə ˈstədi əv ən ˌɔrgənəˈzeɪʃən ən ˌɪnstɪˈtuʃənəl mɪsˈlɛd ənd ruˈtinli rɪˈzɪstɪd ˈoʊvərˌsaɪt frəm ðə waɪt haʊs, ðə ˈkɑŋgrəs, ðə dɪˈpɑrtmənt əv ˈʤəstɪs, ənd ɪts oʊn ˈsɪmpli dɪz nɑt kəmˈpɔrt wɪθ ðə record,“*,“ ðə ˈeɪʤənsiz rɪˈspɑns sɛd. əˈməŋ ðə ˈsɛnɪt 20 meɪn kənˈkluʒənz ər ðət ðə siaɪeɪ mɪsˈlɛd ˈkɑŋgrəs, ðə waɪt haʊs ənd ðə dɪˈpɑrtmənt əv ˈʤəstɪs, ðət ðə ˈeɪʤənsi ˌɪgˈnɔrd ˌɪnˈtərnəl krɪˈtiks əv ðə ˈproʊˌgræm, ənd ðət ðə juz əv ðə tɛkˈniks wɛnt fɑr bɪɔnd ðə ˈligəl əˈθɔrəti bɪˈstoʊd əˈpɑn ɪt baɪ ðə bʊʃ waɪt haʊs. ɪn ə ˈsteɪtmənt ˈtuzˌdeɪ, ˈprɛzɪdənt ˈbɑrək ˌoʊˈbɑmə sɛd, "ðə rɪˈpɔrt ˈdɑkjəmənts ə ˈtrəbəlɪŋ ˈproʊˌgræm ˌɪnˈvɑlvɪŋ ɛnˈhænst ˌɪnˌtɛrəˈgeɪʃən tɛkˈniks ɔn ˈtɛrəˌrɪzəm ˈsəˌspɛkts ɪn ˈsikrɪt fəˈsɪlɪtiz ˈaʊtˈsaɪd ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts, ənd ɪt ˌriɪnˈfɔrsɪz maɪ vju ðət ðiz hɑrʃ ˈmɛθədz wər nɑt ˈoʊnli ˌɪnkənˈsɪstənt wɪθ ɑr ˈvæljuz ɛz ˈneɪʃən, ðeɪ dɪd nɑt sərv ɑr ˈbrɔdər ˈkaʊntərˌtɛrərˌɪzəm ˈɛfərts ər ɑr ˈnæʃənəl sɪˈkjʊrəti ˈɪntərɪsts." "ðət ɪz waɪ aɪ wɪl kənˈtɪnju tɪ juz maɪ əˈθɔrəti ɛz ˈprɛzɪdənt tɪ meɪk ʃʊr wi ˈnɛvər rɪˈzɔrt tɪ ðoʊz ˈmɛθədz əˈgɛn," ˌoʊˈbɑmə ˈædɪd. "ɪn ˈkɛriɪŋ aʊt ðət ˈproʊˌgræm, wi dɪd nɑt ˈɔlˌweɪz lɪv əp tɪ ðə haɪ ˈstændərdz ðət wi sɛt fər ɑrˈsɛlvz ənd ðət ðə əˈmɛrɪkən ˈpipəl ɪkˈspɛkt əv ˈjuˈɛs," siaɪeɪ dɪˈrɛktər ʤɑn ˈbrɛnən sɛd ˈtuzˌdeɪ ɪn hɪz əˈfɪʃəl rɪˈspɑns. "ɛz ən ˈeɪʤənsi, wi hæv ˈlərnɪd frəm ðiz mɪˈsteɪks, wɪʧ ɪz waɪ maɪ ˈprɛdəˌsɛsərz ənd aɪ hæv ˈɪmpləˌmɛnəd ˈvɛriəs rɪˈmidiəl ˈmɛʒərz ˈoʊvər ðə jɪrz tɪ ˈæˌdrɛs ˌɪnstɪˈtuʃənəl dɪˈfɪʃənsiz." ðə ˈeɪʤənsi sɪz ɪt həz noʊ ˌɪnˈtɛnʧən əv riˈvæmpɪŋ ðə ˈkɑrənt ˈvərʒən əv ɪts ˌɪnˌtɛrəˈgeɪʃən ˈproʊˌgræm, wɪʧ wɑz kərbd ɛz ə rɪˈzəlt əv dɪˈrɛktɪvz frəm ˌoʊˈbɑmə. "ɪt ɪz dɪˈrɛktər ˈrɛzəˌlut ˌɪnˈtɛnʧən tɪ ɪnˈʃʊr ðət ˈeɪʤənsi ˈɔfɪsərz ˈskrupjələsli əˈdhɪr tɪ ðiz dɪˈrɛktɪvz, wɪʧ ðə dɪˈrɛktər ˈfʊli səˈpɔrts," ðə ˈsteɪtmənt kənˈtɪnjud. "siaɪeɪ həz oʊnd əp tɪ ðiz mɪˈsteɪks, ˈlərnɪd frəm ðɛm, ənd ˈteɪkən ˈnumərəs kərˈɛktɪv ˈækʃənz ˈoʊvər ðə jɪrz. ˈfərðər ˌɪmˈpruvmənts tɪ siaɪeɪ ˈpræktɪsɪz kənˈtɪnju tɪ bi meɪd təˈdeɪ ɛz ə rɪˈzəlt əv ɑr ˌrivˈju əv ðə ˈstədi," ðə ˈeɪʤənsiz rɪˈspɑns ˈnoʊtɪd, rɪˈfərɪŋ tɪ ðə ˈsɛnɪt səˈlɛkt kəˈmɪti ɔn ˌɪnˈtɛləʤəns, ðə ˌɪnˈtɛləʤəns ˈpænəlz fʊl neɪm. ðə riˈlis mɑrks ðə kənˈkluʒən əv ən ɪkˈsploʊsɪv, fjud ðət pleɪd aʊt bɪtˈwin ðə waɪt ʧif spaɪɪŋ ˈeɪʤənsi ənd ɪts ˈpaʊərfəl ˈsɛnɪt ˌoʊvərˈsiərz əˈbaʊt haʊ məʧ əv ðə rɪˈpɔrt tɪ riˈlis ˈpəblɪkli. ðə fjud riˈvɑlvd əraʊnd ðə ɪgˈzɛkjətɪv ˈbrænʧɪz ˌɪnˈsɪstəns ðət ðə kəˈmɪti rɪˈdækt ðə ˈsudəˌnɪmz juzd tɪ aɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪ ðə siaɪeɪ ˈɔfɪsərz ˌɪnˈvɑlvd ɪn ðə ˈproʊˌgræm. dɪˈspaɪt ə faɪt, ˈfaɪnˌstin wɑz ˈəltəmətli fɔrst tɪ rɪˈlɛnt ənd əˈlaʊ ðə ˈsudəˌnɪmz tɪ rɪˈmeɪn blækt aʊt ɪn ˈɔrdər tɪ gɪt hər ˈstədiz ˈsəməri aʊt ðə dɔr ˌbiˈfɔr ðə ˈpænəlz ˈɪnˌkəmɪŋ rɪˈpəblɪkən məˈʤɔrəti teɪks kənˈtroʊl əv ðə rɪˈpɔrt ɪn ˈʤænjuˌɛri. ðə ˈstədi, wɪʧ wɑz fərst kəˈmɪʃənd baɪ ˈfaɪnˌstin ɪn 2009 bɪˈgæn ɛz ə baɪˈpɑrtɪzən ˈɛfərt wɪθ ˈmɛmbər sɛn. kɪt bɑnd (r-mo*.). rɪˈpəblɪkənz ɔn ðə ˈpænəl, ðoʊ, wɪθˈdru frəm ðə ˈstədi ʤɪst mənθs ˈæftər ɪt wɑz kəˈmɪʃənd. ðə ˈdɑkjəmɛnt riˈlist ˈtuzˌdeɪ wɪl ˈvɛri ˈlaɪkli bi ðə ˈoʊnli ˈpɔrʃən ðə ˈpəblɪk siz əv ðə ˈsɛnɪt ˌɪnˈtɛləʤəns rɪˈpɔrt. ˌɔlˈðoʊ ˈfaɪnˌstin səˈʤɛstɪd ɪn ˈeɪprəl ðət ðə fʊl rɪˈpɔrt wʊd bi riˈlist æt ə ˈleɪtər deɪt, rɪˈpəblɪkənz ər nɑt ˈlaɪkli tɪ sik ˈfərðər wəns ðeɪ geɪn kənˈtroʊl əv ðə kəˈmɪti, ˈgɪvɪn ðɛr ˌɑpəˈzɪʃən tɪ ðə ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃən. ðə ˈstədi sɛt ðə steɪʤ fər ə drəˈmætɪk, dɪˈspjut bɪtˈwin ðə ˈeɪʤənsi ənd ˈfaɪnˌstin, wɪʧ rɪˈzəltɪd ɪn ˈdipli ˈpərsɪnəl ʤæbz ənd kəmˈpitɪŋ rɪˈfərəlz tɪ ðə ˈʤəstɪs dɪˈpɑrtmənt ˈæskɪŋ fər ˈkrɪmənəl ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃənz. ðə siaɪeɪ əˈkjuzd stæf ˈərli ðɪs jɪr əv ˈteɪkɪŋ ˈhaɪli ˈsɛnsɪtɪv məˈtɪriəl frəm ðə sɪˈkjʊr ˈeɪʤənsi fəˈsɪlɪti wɛr ðə ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃən wɑz kənˈdəktəd. ˈfaɪnˌstin, ˈminˌwaɪl, ˌɪnˈsɪstɪd ðə ˌɪnˈvɛstəˌgeɪtərz hæd ə raɪt tɪ ðə ˈdɑkjəmɛnt, ənd ˈfərðər əˈkjuzd ðə ˈeɪʤənsi əv ˌɪmˈprɑpərli ˈmɑnətərɪŋ ðə kəmˈpjutərz hər stæf juzd tɪ ˈkɑnstrəkt ðə ˈstədi. ðə dɪˈpɑrtmənt əv ˈʤəstɪs dɪˈklaɪnd tɪ ˌɪnˈvɛstəˌgeɪt ˈiðər ðə ər ˈfaɪnˌstinz ˌæləˈgeɪʃənz. ðə siaɪeɪ həz sɪns kənˈsidɪd ðət ɪt dɪd ˌɪmˈprɑpərli ˈmɑnətər ˈsɛnɪt investigators’*’ kəmˈpjutərz, ənd ɪz kənˈdəktɪŋ ən ˌɪndɪˈpɛndənt əˈkaʊntəˌbɪlɪti ˌrivˈju bɔrd tɪ dɪˈtərmən wət ˈkɑnsəkˌwɛnsəz, ɪf ˈɛni, ɪts ɪmˈplɔɪiz ʃʊd feɪs.
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washington -- the senate intelligence committee on tuesday released the highly anticipated 500-page summary of its report on the cia’s post-9/11 torture program, providing a sobering glimpse into one of the darkest chapters in the u.s. government's history.
in the report, a product of a 5-year investigation, senate investigators reveal sordid details of the systemic and individual failures by the agency personnel who ran the "enhanced interrogation program" -- the government's euphemism for systematic torture -- during the george w. bush administration. the program involved capturing terrorism suspects and shipping them to secret overseas prisons, where they were subjected to techniques such as waterboarding.
the cia's program has long been criticized as un-american and a chilling departure from the nation’s values. opponents allege that it resulted in gross abuses and inhumane treatment of detainees, some of whom were eventually revealed not to have been involved in terror organizations.
the 6,300-page report may be the most unsanitized official account to date of the agency’s program, which the senate investigators say was mismanaged, poorly conducted and characterized by abuses far more widespread than the cia previously conveyed to lawmakers.
the newly released document tears apart the cia's past claims that only a small number of detainees were subjected to the harsh interrogation techniques. the agency has said it held fewer than 100 detainees and subjected fewer than one-third of those to controversial tactics such as waterboarding. but senate investigators found that the cia had actually kept 119 detainees in custody, 26 of whom were illegally held. and despite cia insistence that the program was limited in scope, senate investigators conclude that the use of torture was much more widespread than previously thought.
the study reveals several gruesome instances of torture by mid-level cia officers who participated in the program, including threats of sexual violence using a broomstick and the use of "rectal hydration" in instances of harsh interrogations that lasted for days or weeks on end. and, contrary to the agency's prior insistence that only three detainees were subject to waterboarding, the senate report suggests it was likely used on more detainees.
the report cites the presence of materials typically used for waterboarding being present at certain "blacksites," or secret prisons, where the agency had previously said waterboarding was not used.
rather than wrestling with the morality of the agency’s torture program or the operation's damaging effect on the u.s.’ international credibility, senate investigators instead weighed whether the agency's tactics were effective. through narrative examinations of 20 separate detainee cases, the panel attempted to make the case that the use of harsh interrogation techniques such as waterboarding did not yield valuable intelligence.
"the committee reviewed 20 of the most frequent and prominent examples of purported counterterrorism 'successes' that the cia has attributed to the use of its enhanced interrogation techniques," sen. dianne feinstein (d-calif.), chair of the intelligence panel, said in a statement tuesday. "each of those examples was found to be wrong in fundamental respects."
in some instances, the study finds, the information acquired proved irrelevant to stopping terror threats. in others, the use of the techniques resulted in detainees providing fabricated or inaccurate information, and in still other cases, the information obtained through interrogating the detainees had already been acquired through other techniques.
given that the techniques were ineffective, the study says, the agency routinely misled congress and the white house when it claimed that the use of torture did in fact contribute to intelligence victories. for instance, the senate report pushes back against the cia's argument that torture provided the information about osama bin laden's courier that helped the u.s. kill the al qaeda leader in 2011. in a 10-page discussion on the subject, senate investigators say the information that led the u.s. to bin laden was obtained from a detainee while he was in foreign custody, prior to being subjected to torture.
the cia, however, refutes these conclusions. in a roughly 100-page official response released alongside the intelligence panel’s summary, the agency contends that harsh interrogation techniques were effective.
“the sum total of information provided from detainees in cia custody substantially advanced the agency’s strategic and tactical understanding of the enemy in ways that continue to inform counterterrorism efforts to this day," the agency said in its rebuttal.
the response argues that it's not clear whether the valuable information could have been acquired by means other than harsh interrogation techniques, although the agency concedes that it's possible.
“it is impossible to imagine how cia could have achieved the same results in terms of disrupting plots, capturing other terrorists, and degrading al-qa’ida without any information from detainees, but it is unknowable whether, without enhanced interrogation techniques, cia or non-cia interrogators could have acquired the same information from those detainees," the rebuttal said.
still, the cia is not advocating a return to the use of torture during interrogations. rather, it is most concerned with defending itself against charges that it misled congress and the white house about the extent and value of the program. the official response vehemently challenges the senate's allegation that the spies acted outside the limits of what the white house had allowed the agency to do. the agency has said that the enhanced interrogations were part of a government-approved program carried out under express orders from within the bush administration.
"the image portrayed in the study of an organization that—on an institutional scale—intentionally misled and routinely resisted oversight from the white house, the congress, the department of justice, and its own oig simply does not comport with the record,“ the agency's response said.
among the senate report’s 20 main conclusions are that the cia misled congress, the white house and the department of justice, that the agency ignored internal critiques of the program, and that the cia's use of the techniques went far beyond the legal authority bestowed upon it by the bush white house.
in a statement tuesday, president barack obama said, "the report documents a troubling program involving enhanced interrogation techniques on terrorism suspects in secret facilities outside the united states, and it reinforces my long-held view that these harsh methods were not only inconsistent with our values as nation, they did not serve our broader counterterrorism efforts or our national security interests."
"that is why i will continue to use my authority as president to make sure we never resort to those methods again," obama added.
"in carrying out that program, we did not always live up to the high standards that we set for ourselves and that the american people expect of us," cia director john brennan said tuesday in his official response. "as an agency, we have learned from these mistakes, which is why my predecessors and i have implemented various remedial measures over the years to address institutional deficiencies."
the agency says it has no intention of revamping the current version of its interrogation program, which was curbed as a result of directives from obama. "it is director brennan’s resolute intention to ensure that agency officers scrupulously adhere to these directives, which the director fully supports," the statement continued.
"cia has owned up to these mistakes, learned from them, and taken numerous corrective actions over the years. further improvements to cia practices continue to be made today as a result of our review of the ssci study," the agency's response noted, referring to the senate select committee on intelligence, the intelligence panel's full name.
the document’s release marks the conclusion of an explosive, high-stakes feud that played out between the white house’s chief spying agency and its powerful senate overseers about how much of the report to release publicly.
the feud revolved around the executive branch's insistence that the committee redact the pseudonyms used to identify the mid-level cia officers involved in the program. despite a monthslong fight, feinstein was ultimately forced to relent and allow the pseudonyms to remain blacked out in order to get her study's summary out the door before the panel's incoming republican majority takes control of the report in january.
the study, which was first commissioned by feinstein in 2009, began as a bipartisan effort with then-ranking member sen. kit bond (r-mo.). republicans on the panel, though, withdrew from the study just months after it was commissioned.
the document released tuesday will very likely be the only portion the public sees of the senate intelligence committee’s report. although feinstein suggested in april that the full report would be released at a later date, republicans are not likely to seek further declassification once they gain control of the committee, given their opposition to the investigation.
the study set the stage for a dramatic, closed-door dispute between the agency and feinstein, which resulted in deeply personal jabs and competing referrals to the justice department asking for criminal investigations. the cia accused feinstein’s staff early this year of taking highly sensitive material from the secure agency facility where the investigation was conducted. feinstein, meanwhile, insisted the investigators had a right to the document, and further accused the agency of improperly monitoring the computers her staff used to construct the study.
the department of justice declined to investigate either the cia's or feinstein's allegations. the cia has since conceded that it did improperly monitor senate investigators’ computers, and is conducting an independent accountability review board to determine what consequences, if any, its employees should face.
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ˈkɔrənər: kənˈvɪktəd ˈkɪlər ˈdænjəl ˈdeɪvɪs daɪz əv ˈhɛroʊən ˈoʊvərˌdoʊs ɪn ʤeɪl ˈdeɪvɪs wɑz ˈsɛntənst tɪ laɪf ɪn ˈprɪzən fər ðə dɛθ əv ʤɑn lɔk, 79 ɪn hɪz ist praɪs hɪl hoʊm ɪn ˈɔgəst 2012 ʃɛr ʃɛrz ˈkɑpi lɪŋk ˈkɑpi haɪd ˈtrænˌskrɪpt ʃoʊ ˈtrænˌskrɪpt wɪˈθɪn ðə nɛkst fju frɛnʧ ðə dɛθ dɪˈvɛləpmənts təˈnaɪt dɛθs əv nu ˈloʊkəl ɪn hɪz braʊn ənd ðə ˈəðər ɪn əv kˈwɛsʧənz ˈfaɪnəli hæv ˈænsərz hæv ˈlərnɪd ðət ˈdænjəl ˈdeɪvɪs ˈoʊvərˌdoʊs ə wik ˈsɛntənst tɪ laɪf wʊd ɪz lɪv raɪt naʊ ˈʤəstɪs ɪz ðə ˈsɛkənd ˈɪnˌmeɪt tɪ ən ˈoʊvərˌdoʊs bɪˈhaɪnd ˈʃɛrɪfs haʊ ˈhɛroʊən ɪz ðə ʤeɪl æt ðɪs taɪm dɪd tɛl mi ɪz ˈkərəntli tɪ ˈfɪgjər aʊt haʊ ˈgɪtɪŋ ˌɪnˈsaɪd ðə ɪz ðə ˈsɛkənd læst 18 moʊst ˈrisənt ɪz ˈdænjəl wɑz faʊnd ˌənriˈspɑnsɪv bɛd ɪn sɛpˈtɛmbər əv thisyear*, ə wik ˌbiˈfɔr hɪz wɑz pəroʊl fər ðə ˈmərdər seɪ ˈdeɪvɪs wɑz ə ənd kɪld lɔk ɪn praɪs hɪl hoʊm fər bæk ɪn 2013 ˈbɑrtən ˈɔlsoʊ daɪd frəm ˈoʊvərˌdoʊs hæd bɪn ɪn ʤeɪl fər fər θɛft ənd ɪn 2013 wɪn tɪ ðə ˈʃɛrɪfs ˈɔfəs ðət wɑz ˈlaɪkli sˈməgəld ɪn ʤɪst gɑt ɔf ðə foʊn wɪθ ˈʃɛrɪfs ʃi sɪz ðeɪ ər tɪ ˈfɪgjər aʊt haʊ ðɪs ishappening*, ər əˈnəðər weɪ, bət ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃən ðət ɪz ˈhæpənɪŋ.
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coroner: convicted killer daniel davis dies of heroin overdose in jail davis was sentenced to life in prison for the death of john lauck, 79, in his east price hill home in august 2012. share shares copy link copy
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webvtt within the next few days.if foundguilty french couldface the death penalty.new developments tonight inthe deaths of new local inmates,one founddead in his brown citycell and the other in hamiltoncounty.plenty of questions nowtonight.we finally have answers to.we have learned that convictedkiller daniel davis diedof aheroin overdose a week afterbeing sentenced to life inprison.emily wood is live right now atthe justice center.this is the second inmate to diefrom an overdose behind barsthere.it is.the sheriff's officehas notsaid how heroin is gettinginside the jail at this time butthey did tell me thatan activeinvestigation is currently inplace to figure out how heroinis getting inside the jail.this is the second heroinoverdose inthe last 18 months.the most recent is daniel davis,davis was found unresponsive inhis bed in september of thisyear, a week before his deathdavis was sentencedto lifewithout parole for the murder of76-year-old johnlauck.prosecutors say davis was a drugaddict and killed lauck in hiseast price hill home for drugmoney back in 2012.in aprilof 2013, 23-year-oldjames barton also died from anheroin overdose inthe hamiltoncounty jail.barton had been in jail for twomonths for theft and misuseofcredit cards.back in 2013 when wlwt reachedout to the sheriff's office forcomment theysaid that thatheroin was likely smuggled in byother inmates.i just got off the phone with amajor withthe sheriff's officeand she says they are stilltrying to figure out how this ishappening, whetherit's throughinmates or another way, but anactive investigation iscurrentlylooking intohow that is happening.
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ɪn ˈfɛbruˌɛri, ˈdɑnəld trəmp sɛd hi hoʊpt tɪ riˈlis hɪz tæks rɪˈtərnz ɪn [ər] fɔr months.”*.” ˈprɑˌgrɛs həz nɑt bɪn ˈfɔrθˈkəmɪŋ. hɪz ɪkˈskjuz fər ðə kənˈtɪnjud dɪˈleɪ ɪz ðət ðə ɪz ˈɑdətɪŋ ðə rɪˈtərnz, ənd ðət hɪz ˈlɔjərz seɪ hi ʃʊd kip hɪz ˈpeɪpərz ˈpraɪvət ɪn ðə ˈminˌtaɪm. ɪf ˈmɪstər trəmp dɪz nɑt riˈlis ˈɛni tæks rɪˈtərnz ˌbiˈfɔr noʊˈvɛmbər, hi wɪl bi ðə fərst ˈmeɪʤər ˈkænədɪt sɪns 1976 nɑt tɪ du soʊ. ðɛr ɪz noʊ ˈligəl ˈrizən ˈmɪstər trəmp ˈkænɑt riˈlis hɪz rɪˈtərnz waɪl ðeɪ ər ˈəndər ˈɔdɪt. pɔl ˈkrəgmən, ə nu jɔrk taɪmz ˈkɑləmnəst ənd ɪˈkɑnəmɪst, həz ˈɑrgjud ðət ðə ˈɔdɪt ʃʊd ɪn fækt meɪk ɪm mɔr ˈwɪlɪŋ tɪ goʊ noʊ ˈɔdɪt ˌəndərˈweɪ, hi maɪt fɪr ðət ˈnuzˌpeɪpər ˈhɛˌdlaɪnz wʊd ˈtrɪgər wən. ə ˈʤɛnərəs ˌɛkspləˈneɪʃən fər ˈmɪstər stæns ɪz ðət hɪz ˈlɔjərz θɪŋk ðət ə ˈɛfərt tɪ faɪnd ˈprɑbləmz wɪθ ˈmɪstər (noʊ daʊt ˈkɑmplɛks) tæks əˈfɛrz maɪt bi mɔr lɛs ðət əv ðə ˈaɪˌɑˈrɛs. ðɪs, ðoʊ, simz ə strɛʧ. ˈivɪn ɪf ɪt ɪz tru, ɪt minz ðət ðə rɪˈtərnz du kənˈteɪn ˈsəmθɪŋ ˈmɪstər trəmp wʊd ˈrəðər nɑt rɪˈvil. gɪt ɑr ˈdeɪli ˈnuzˌlɛtər ˈəpˈgreɪd jʊr ənd gɪt ɑr ˈdeɪli dɪˈspæʧ ənd ˈɛdɪtərz pɪks. ˈmɪstər ˈkrɪtɪks, moʊst ˈnoʊtəbli mɪt ˈrɑmni, hæv kɔld fər ɪm tɪ riˈlis pæst rɪˈtərnz ðət ðə ˈaɪˌɑˈrɛs həz ˈfɪnɪʃt scrutinising*. fər moʊst ˈpipəl, ˈaɪˌɑˈrɛs ˈɑdəts strɛʧ bæk noʊ ˈfərðər ðən sɪks jɪrz. ˈmɪstər trəmp həz sɛd ˈlɪtəl mɔr əˈbaʊt wət taɪm ˈpɪriəd ðə ˈɔdɪt rɪˈleɪts tɪ, ˈəðər ðən ɪt goʊz bæk ə waɪl ənd ðət hi həz bɪn ˈɔdɪtɪd kənˈtɪnjuəsli fər 12 jɪrz. ɪt ɪz ənˈklɪr wɛr ˈmɪstər ˌɪˈnɪʃəl ˈtaɪmlaɪn fər riˈlisɪŋ hɪz rɪˈtərnz keɪm frəm: ˈaɪˌɑˈrɛs ˈɑdəts kən bi time-consuming*, ˈsəmˌtaɪmz ˈteɪkɪŋ ˈoʊvər tu jɪrz frəm ðə deɪt ɔn wɪʧ teɪks wər faɪld. ðə ˈfɔrˌkæst əv [ər] fɔr months”*” meɪ hæv ʤɪst bɪn ə plɔɪ tɪ baɪ taɪm ənˈtɪl ˈmɪstər trəmp hæd ðə rɪˈpəblɪkən ˌnɑməˈneɪʃən sewn-up*. ðoʊ ˈhɪləri ˈklɪntən kən əˈtæk ˈmɪstər ˌfaɪˈnænʃəl ˈsikrətɪvnəs ɪn ðə ˈʤɛnərəl ɪˈlɛkʃən, ˈvoʊtərz pərˈsiv hər ɛz ˈkɑmprəˌbli ənˈtrəstˌwərði tɪ ˈmɪstər trəmp. ˈkəmɪŋ frəm hər, ən ˌæləˈgeɪʃən ðət ˈmɪstər trəmp həz ˈsəmθɪŋ tɪ haɪd ɪz lɛs ˈpoʊtənt. wət ɪz ˈmɪstər trəmp kin tɪ kip ˈsikrɪt? ɪt kʊd bi ðət hi ɪz lɛs rɪʧ ðən hi boʊsts. ər ɪt kʊd bi ðət hi peɪz ˈlɪtəl hi teɪks praɪd ɪn traɪɪŋ hɑrd tɪ peɪ ɛz ˈlɪtəl tæks ɛz possible”*”. ɪn ˈərli 2015 ˈmɪstər trəmp sɛd ðət wər hi tɪ rən fər ˈprɛzɪdənt, hi wʊd riˈlis hɪz tæks rɪˈtərnz, ənd hi wʊd ɪkˈspleɪn tɪ ˈpipəl ðət ɛz ə ˈpərsən ˈlʊkɪŋ tɪ meɪk ˈməni, ɪn ðə ˈbɪznɪs əv ˈmeɪkɪŋ money”*”, ˈhɪntɪŋ ðət ˈərli ɔn hi sɛnst ðə ˈpəblɪk maɪt bi əˈnizi əˈbaʊt ðə smɔl saɪz əv hɪz tæks bɪl. ər ðə rɪˈtərnz kʊd kənˈteɪn səm ˈəðər ɪmˈbɛrəsmənt, laɪk ˈmɪstər trəmp ˈsəmˌhaʊ ˈmeɪkɪŋ juz əv ðə tæks ˈluˌphoʊl, bɪˈləvəd əv ˈmænɪʤərz, ðət hi ˈprɑməsəz tɪ əˈbɑlɪʃ, ər ðət hi gɪvz ˈlɪtəl tɪ ˈʧɛrɪti. ɪn ˈɛni keɪs, ˈmɪstər trəmp, fər naʊ, rɪˈspɑndz tɪ kˈwɛsʧənz əˈbaʊt hɪz tæks reɪt baɪ seɪɪŋ ɪt ɪz əv jʊr business”*”. ˈgɪvɪn ˈmɪstər əˈbɪləˌti tɪ ˈaʊˌtreɪʤ æt hɪz bɪˈheɪvjər, ðət hi ɪz rɪˈzɪstɪŋ riˈlisɪŋ ðə rɪˈtərnz ɪz ə strɔŋ ˈsɪgnəl ðət ðeɪ kənˈteɪn səm ˈbɑmˌʃɛl. ˌtuˈθərdz əv ˈvoʊtərz θɪŋk hi ʃʊd riˈlis hɪz rɪˈtərnz, bət haʊ məʧ ðeɪ kɛr ɪz ənˈnoʊn (ðɛr ɪz səm ˈɛvədəns frəm ˈəðər ˈkəntriz ðət ˈvoʊtərz kɛr əˈbaʊt ˌfaɪˈnænʃəl trænˈspɛrənsi, wɪʧ wi ɪkˈsplɔrd ɪn ə ˈrisənt ˈɑrtɪkəl, ðoʊ ɪn ˈmɛni ˈkəntriz ˌpɑləˈtɪʃənz du nɑt ruˈtinli riˈlis ðɛr tæks rɪˈtərnz). ˈkipɪŋ ðə rɪˈtərnz ˈpraɪvət lidz tɪ kənˈtɪnjud ˈnɛgətɪv ˈkəvərɪʤ fər ˈmɪstər trəmp. bət ðət ɪz ˈprɑbəˌbli ˈbɛtər ðən ðə hit əv ə ˈskændəl.
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in february, donald trump said he hoped to release his tax returns in “three [or] four months.” progress has not been forthcoming. his excuse for the continued delay is that the taxman is auditing the returns, and that his lawyers say he should keep his papers private in the meantime. if mr trump does not release any tax returns before november, he will be the first major candidate since 1976 not to do so.
there is no legal reason mr trump cannot release his returns while they are under audit. paul krugman, a new york times columnist and economist, has argued that the audit should in fact make him more willing to go public—were no audit underway, he might fear that newspaper headlines would trigger one. a generous explanation for mr trump’s stance is that his lawyers think that a crowdsourced effort to find problems with mr trump’s (no doubt complex) tax affairs might be more effective—or less forgiving—than that of the chronically-underfunded irs. this, though, seems a stretch. even if it is true, it means that the returns do contain something mr trump would rather not reveal.
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mr trump’s critics, most notably mitt romney, have called for him to release past returns that the irs has finished scrutinising. for most people, irs audits stretch back no further than six years. mr trump has said little more about what time period the audit relates to, other than it goes back a while and that he has been audited continuously for 12 years.
it is unclear where mr trump’s initial timeline for releasing his returns came from: irs audits can be time-consuming, sometimes taking over two years from the date on which takes were filed. the forecast of “three [or] four months” may have just been a ploy to buy time until mr trump had the republican nomination sewn-up. though hillary clinton can attack mr trump’s financial secretiveness in the general election, voters perceive her as comparably untrustworthy to mr trump. coming from her, an allegation that mr trump has something to hide is less potent.
what is mr trump keen to keep secret? it could be that he is less rich than he boasts. or it could be that he pays little tax—although he takes pride in trying “very hard to pay as little tax as possible”. in early 2015 mr trump said that were he to run for president, he would release his tax returns, and he would “also explain to people that as a person that’s looking to make money, i’m in the business of making money”, hinting that early on he sensed the public might be uneasy about the small size of his tax bill. or the returns could contain some other embarrassment, like mr trump somehow making use of the carried-interest tax loophole, beloved of hedge-fund managers, that he promises to abolish, or that he gives little to charity.
in any case, mr trump, for now, responds to questions about his tax rate by saying it is “none of your business”. given mr trump’s ability to withstand—and capitalise on—public outrage at his behaviour, that he is resisting releasing the returns is a strong signal that they contain some bombshell. two-thirds of voters think he should release his returns, but how much they care is unknown (there is some evidence from other countries that voters care about financial transparency, which we explored in a recent article, though in many countries politicians do not routinely release their tax returns). keeping the returns private leads to continued negative coverage for mr trump. but that is probably better than the heat of a scandal.
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wɪθ wən wik ənˈtɪl ðə ˈsizən ˈoʊpənər, wɪŋ ˌnɪˈkitə rɪˈmeɪnz ɪn ˈrəʃə, ðə ənˈsaɪnd riˈstrɪktɪd fri ˈeɪʤənt ˈhoʊldɪŋ aʊt ənˈtɪl hi həz ə ˈkɑnˌtrækt. ɪts fɑr frəm ən aɪˈdil ˌsɪʧuˈeɪʃən fər ˈtæmpə beɪ, wɪʧ kʊd ræp əp ɪts ˌɛksəˈbɪʃən ˈskɛʤʊl ˈsæˌtɪˌdeɪ əˈgɛnst ˈnæʃvɪl wɪˈθaʊt ɪts ˈlidɪŋ ˈskɔrər frəm læst ˈsizən. bət teɪk ɪt frəm ˈfɔrmər ˈkæptən ˈvɪni, ɪts nɑt ˈizi ɔn ðə pleɪər, ˈiðər. hɛld aʊt ɛz ə riˈstrɪktɪd fri ˈeɪʤənt ɪn 2001 nɑt ˈsaɪnɪŋ ənˈtɪl ə deɪ ˌbiˈfɔr ðə fərst geɪm. "ju wɔnt tɪ pleɪ. ju doʊnt wɔnt tɪ bi ˈsɪtɪŋ æt hoʊm ənd nɑt biɪŋ wɪθ jʊr ˈtimˌmeɪts," sɛd ˈwɛnzˌdeɪ. "ɪts ðə ˈbɪznɪs pɑrt əv ɪt. ˈɛvriˌwən ˈwɪʃɪz ju gɑt jʊr ˈkɑnˌtrækt dən ˌbiˈfɔr. bət ðæts nɑt ðə weɪ ɪt ˈɔlˌweɪz ˈhæpənz. əm ʃʊr (kucherov*) ɪz ˈtreɪnɪŋ ənd ˈmeɪkɪŋ ʃʊr hiz ˈrɛdi, soʊ wɪn hi saɪnz, hil bi ˈrɛdi tɪ goʊ." ˈdʊrɪŋ hɪz ˈhoʊlˌdaʊt, wərkt aʊt æt hoʊm ɪn ˌməntriˈɔl, ˈskeɪtɪŋ wɪθ ˈkɑlɪʤ pleɪərz waɪl pərˈpɛrɪŋ fər kæmp. æt list pleɪd fər ˈrəʃə ɪn læst mənθs wərld kəp əv ˈhɑki, ən ɪkˈspɪriəns ðət ˌɪnˈkludɪd ə ˈtreɪnɪŋ kæmp ənd θri ˈhaɪli kəmˈpɛtɪtɪv ˈtʊrnəmənt geɪmz. rɛd mɔr: wʊd əˈnəðər tim meɪk ən ˈɔfər ʃit fər? ɛz ɪz, wɑz ˈkəmɪŋ ɔf ə ˈsizən ɪn wɪʧ hi ræŋkt ˈsɛkənd ɔn ðə tim ɪn goʊlz, jɛt wɑz ˈmeɪkɪŋ ə ˈbɑrgɪn ˈsæləri, meɪd læst ˈsizən, wɪn hi skɔrd 30 goʊlz, ˈsɛkənd ɔn ðə ˈlaɪtnɪŋ tɪ ˈstivən stamkos*' 36 kʊd kəˈmænd 6 ˈmɪljən ər mɔr pər ˈsizən. ðə ˈlaɪtnɪŋ həz bɪtˈwin 5 ˈmɪljən ənd ˈmɪljən əv ˈsæləri kæp rum lɛft. ˈʤɛnərəl ˈmænɪʤər stiv ɪz ˈhoʊpfəl əˈbaʊt ˈgɪtɪŋ ə dil dən, ðoʊ ˈnəθɪŋ əˈpɪrd ˈɪmənənt ˈwɛnzˌdeɪ. wɔnts tɪ steɪ wɪθ ðə ˈlaɪtnɪŋ. "boʊθ saɪdz hæv tɪ bi ˈhæpi tɪ gɪt ə dil dən," sɛd. ðə ˈlaɪtnɪŋ ˈdɪdənt hæv ə ˈsæləri kæp tɪ dil wɪθ ɪn 2001 ʤɪst ɪts ˈbəʤɪt, sɛd ʤeɪ ˈfistər, ðɛn ən əˈsɪstənt hu nɪˈgoʊʃiˌeɪtɪd ˈkɑnˌtrækts. ˈtæmpə beɪ ˈɔlsoʊ ˈwəzənt ðə ˈstænli kəp kənˈtɛndər ɪt ɪz təˈdeɪ, ˈhævɪŋ ˈfɪnɪʃt fɪθ ɪn ðə ˌsaʊˈθist dɪˈvɪʒən ɪn ˈfistər ˈɔlsoʊ ə ˈfɔrmər ˈlaɪtnɪŋ ənd ɪts ˈkɑrənt ɪgˈzɛkjətɪv dɪˈrɛktər əv kəmˈjunɪti ˈhɑki dɪˈvɛləpmənt sɛd hi nu ɪt wɑz ə dɪˈstɪŋkt ˌpɑsəˈbɪləˌti ˈhoʊlˌdaʊt kʊd lɛd tɪ ðə ˈkæptən ˈmɪsɪŋ ðə ˈoʊpənər. "ɪt ˈsərtənli ˈwəzənt ðə keɪs əv 'lɛts ʤɪst weɪt ɪm aʊt,' ˈfistər sɛd. "wi wər kəmˈjunəˌkeɪtɪŋ ˈkɑnstəntli ənd kənˈsɪstəntli traɪɪŋ tɪ ˈfɪgjər aʊt ə weɪ tɪ gɪt tɪ ə 'jɛs.' sɛd ðə ˈhoʊlˌdaʊt ˈdɪdənt kriˈeɪt hɑrd ˈfilɪŋz wɪθ ðə tim. hi wɑz strɪpt əv hɪz ˈərli ðət ˈsizən, bət ˈfistər sɛd ðət hæd "ˈnəθɪŋ tɪ du wɪθ ðə ˈhoʊlˌdaʊt" bət wɑz ən ˌɔrgənəˈzeɪʃənəl dɪˈsɪʒən meɪd tɪ teɪk ˈprɛʃər ɔf ðə fˈjuʧər feɪs əv ðə ˈfrænˌʧaɪz. treɪd rɪkˈwɛst ðət dɪˈsɛmbər hæd mɔr tɪ du wɪθ hɪz ˈkɑmpləˌkeɪtəd riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪp wɪθ ʤɑn tɔrtɔˈrɛlə, ðə tu ɪˈvɛnʧəwəli ənd ˈhɔɪstɪŋ ðə 2004 ˈstænli kəp. ˈfistər sɛd ðət frəm ə ˈmænɪʤmənt pərˈspɛktɪv, ɪts ˌəndərˈstʊd waɪ pleɪərz wɪˈθaʊt ə ˈkɑnˌtrækt steɪ əˈweɪ, ˈpɑrtli tɪ prəˈtɛkt ðɛmˈsɛlvz ənd spər nɪˌgoʊʃiˈeɪʃənz. ɪz wən əv ˈsɛvərəl ˈkɑrənt riˈstrɪktɪd fri ˈeɪʤənts ˈhoʊldɪŋ aʊt, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ˈkælgəri wɪŋ ˈʤɑni goʊˈdroʊ. "ɪts ə ˈbɪznɪs ˌriˈæləˌti," ˈfistər sɛd. "ðɛr wɑz ə ˈsərtən əˈmaʊnt əv ˈməni wi wər ˈeɪbəl tɪ spɛnd (ɪn 2001 ənd wi wər ˈmaɪndfəl əv ˈkɑnˌtrækts wi hæd ˈkəmɪŋ. ðə seɪm θɪŋ wɪθ pleɪərz. ʤɪst ɛz ðɛr meɪ bi ə ˈwɪndoʊ tɪ wɪn ðə kəp, ðɛrz ə ˈwɪndoʊ ə pleɪər həz tɪ ˈmæksəˌmaɪz hɪz ˈɪnˌkəm."
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with one week until the lightning's season opener, wing nikita kucherov remains in russia, the unsigned restricted free agent holding out until he has a contract.
it's far from an ideal situation for tampa bay, which could wrap up its exhibition schedule saturday against nashville without its 23-year-old leading scorer from last season.
but take it from former captain vinny lecavalier, it's not easy on the player, either. lecavalier held out as a 21-year-old restricted free agent in 2001, not signing until a day before the first regular-season game.
"you want to play. you don't want to be sitting at home and not being with your teammates," lecavalier said wednesday. "it's the business part of it. everyone wishes you got your contract done before. but that's not the way it always happens. … i'm sure (kucherov) is training and making sure he's ready, so when he signs, he'll be ready to go."
during his holdout, lecavalier worked out at home in montreal, skating with college players while preparing for camp. kucherov at least played for russia in last month's world cup of hockey, an experience that included a training camp and three highly competitive tournament games.
read more:
would another team make an offer sheet for kucherov?
as is kucherov, lecavalier was coming off a season in which he ranked second on the team in goals, yet was making a bargain entry-level salary, $975,000. kucherov made $700,000 last season, when he scored 30 goals, second on the lightning to steven stamkos' 36.
kucherov could command $6 million or more per season. the lightning has between $5 million and $5.5 million of salary cap room left. general manager steve yzerman is hopeful about getting a deal done, though nothing appeared imminent wednesday. kucherov wants to stay with the lightning.
"both sides have to be happy to get a deal done," lecavalier said.
the lightning didn't have a salary cap to deal with in 2001, just its budget, said jay feaster, then an assistant gm who negotiated contracts. tampa bay also wasn't the stanley cup contender it is today, having finished 24-47-6-5, fifth in the southeast division in 2000-01. feaster — also a former lightning gm and its current executive director of community hockey development — said he knew it was a distinct possibility lecavalier's holdout could lead to the captain missing the opener. "it certainly wasn't the case of 'let's just wait him out,' " feaster said. "we were communicating constantly and consistently trying to figure out a way to get to a 'yes.' "
lecavalier said the holdout didn't create hard feelings with the team. he was stripped of his captaincy early that season, but feaster said that had "nothing to do with the holdout" but was an organizational decision made to take pressure off the future face of the franchise. lecavalier's trade request that december had more to do with his complicated relationship with then-coach john tortorella, the two eventually gelling and hoisting the 2004 stanley cup.
feaster said that from a management perspective, it's understood why players without a contract stay away, partly to protect themselves and spur negotiations. kucherov is one of several current restricted free agents holding out, including calgary wing johnny gaudreau.
"it's a business reality," feaster said. "there was a certain amount of money we were able to spend (in 2001), and we were mindful of contracts we had coming. the same thing with players. just as there may be a window to win the cup, there's a window a player has to maximize his income."
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ðə ˈhɑləˌdeɪz ər əˈbaʊt tɪ gɪt ə hoʊl lɔt ˈfəniər! ˈsæˌtɪˌdeɪ naɪt lɪv həz ʤɪst əˈnaʊnst ðət ðɛr wɪl bi θri ˈhɑlɪˌdeɪ ˈspɛʃəlz ˈoʊvər ðə nɛkst fju mənθs. ɪn ə prɛs riˈlis sɛnt aʊt baɪ ˈɛnˌbiˈsi təˈdeɪ, ɪt wɑz əˈnaʊnst ðət ˈsæˌtɪˌdeɪ naɪt lɪv wɪl bi duɪŋ ˌhæləˈwin, ˌθæŋksˈgɪvɪŋ ənd ˈkrɪsməs ˈspɛʃəlz ðɪs jɪr. ˈtɪpɪkəli, ðə leɪt naɪt ˈkɑmədi ʃoʊ wʊd ˈproʊdus ɪts ˈænjuəl ˈkrɪsməs ˈspɛʃəl fər ɪts læst ʃoʊ əv ðə jɪr ˈɛvəri dɪˈsɛmbər. læst jɪr ˈmɑrtɪn ʃɔrt ˈhoʊstɪd wɪθ mˈjuzɪkəl gɛst pɔl məˈkɑrtni. halloween”*” wɪl ɛr ɔn ˌhæləˈwin naɪt, ɑkˈtoʊbər 31 æt waɪl thanksgiving”*” wɪl ɛr ˈwɛnzˌdeɪ, noʊˈvɛmbər 27 æt 10pm*. trəˈdɪʃənəl ˈkrɪsməs ˈspɛʃəl ˈtaɪtəld christmas”*” wɪl ɛr ˈwɛnzˌdeɪ, dɪˈsɛmbər 4 frəm ɛt. noʊ wərd ɔn ðə ˈfɔrˌmæt ər hu meɪ ər meɪ nɑt bi ˈhoʊstɪŋ ðiz ɪˈvɛnts ʤɪst jɛt. ˈsæˌtɪˌdeɪ naɪt lɪv rɪˈtərnz ɑkˈtoʊbər 26 wɪθ hoʊst ˈɛdwərd ˈnɔrtən ənd mˈjuzɪkəl gɛst ʒəˈnɛl monae*. ɔn noʊˈvɛmbər 2 ˈkɛri ˈwɔʃɪŋtən wɪl hoʊst wɪθ mˈjuzɪkəl gɛst eminem*. ˈɑrtɪkəl kənˈtɪnjuz bɪˈloʊ ˈsæˌtɪˌdeɪ naɪt lɪv həz hæd ə lɔŋ trəˈdɪʃən əv ˈmeɪkɪŋ ˈkrɪsməs ˈɛpɪˌsoʊdz ə ˈhaɪˌlaɪt əv iʧ ˈsizən. wɪθ ðə ɪkˈspænʧən əv ˈhɑlɪˌdeɪ ˈspɛʃəlz tɪ ˌhæləˈwin ənd ˌθæŋksˈgɪvɪŋ, fænz əv ðə ʃoʊ wɪl bi ɪn fər ə trit ənd ˈlaɪkli tənz əv ˈspɛʃəl gɛsts! wɪl ju bi ˈtunɪŋ ɪn tɪ iʧ əv ðə ˈhɑlɪˌdeɪ ˈspɛʃəlz θruaʊt ðə nɛkst fju mənθs?
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the holidays are about to get a whole lot funnier! saturday night live has just announced that there will be three holiday specials over the next few months.
in a press release sent out by nbc today, it was announced that saturday night live will be doing halloween, thanksgiving and christmas specials this year. typically, the late night comedy show would produce its annual christmas special for its last show of the year every december. last year martin short hosted with musical guest paul mccartney.
“snl halloween” will air on halloween night, october 31 at 8pm while “snl thanksgiving” will air wednesday, november 27 at 10pm.
snl’s traditional christmas special titled “snl christmas” will air wednesday, december 4 from 9-11pm et.
no word on the format or who may or may not be hosting these events just yet.
saturday night live returns october 26 with host edward norton and musical guest janelle monae. on november 2, scandal’s kerry washington will host with musical guest eminem.
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saturday night live has had a long tradition of making christmas episodes a highlight of each season. with the expansion of holiday specials to halloween and thanksgiving, fans of the long-running show will be in for a treat and likely tons of special guests!
will you be tuning in to each of the holiday specials throughout the next few months?
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wət ər ðə ɑdz? ʤɑʃ smɪθ ˈvərsəz. kaɪl ˈkɔrˌvər ənd θri pɔɪnt ˈʃutɪŋ ɪn ðə pleɪɔfs baɪ ˈkrɪʃnə ʃəˈkɑˌgoʊ bʊlz hɛd koʊʧ tɑm ˈθɪbədoʊ wʊd laɪk tɪ steɪ wɪθ tim ˈəndər raɪt ˈsərkəmˌstænsɪz tɑm ˈθɪbədoʊ ɪz stɪl ðə hɛd koʊʧ əv ðə ʃəˈkɑˌgoʊ bʊlz dɪˈspaɪt ðə nɪr ˌjunəˈvərsəl kənˈkluʒən ðət hi bi kəm ˈtreɪnɪŋ kæmp 2015 ə sɔrs kloʊz tɪ ðə tim sɪz ˈivɪn ðoʊ hɔrs ɪz aʊt əv ðə barn”*” ˈθɪbədoʊ wʊd bi ˈwɪlɪŋ tɪ rɪˈtərn tɪ ðə bʊlz ˈəndər raɪt circumstances.”*.” ˈθɪbədoʊ stɪl ləvz ʃəˈkɑˌgoʊ, həz ə greɪt ræˈpɔr wɪθ ˈdɛrɪk roʊz ənd bɪˈlivz ðə bʊlz ər ˈkeɪpəbəl əv ˈʧælənʤɪŋ fər ə ˈʧæmpiənˌʃɪp nɛkst ˈsizən. ðə sɔrs sɪz ðət ˈθɪbədoʊ wʊd bi ˈoʊpən tɪ ə mi ˈkəlpə ˈmitɪŋ wɛr boʊθ saɪdz kəm tɪ ən ˌəndərˈstændɪŋ bət bɪˈlivz wɪl ˈnɛvər happen.”*.” ðə bʊlz ˈsizən həz bɪn ˈoʊvər fər wən wik ənd ɔl ɪz stɪl kwaɪət ɔn ðə tɑm ˈθɪbədoʊ frənt. nu ˌɔˈrlinz meɪ bi ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪd, bət hæv rɪˈpɔrtədli mɛt wɪθ ˈgoʊldən steɪt əˈsɪstənt koʊʧ ˈælvɪn ˈʤɛntri. ɔˈrlænˌdoʊ ɪz ˈrɪli ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪd, priˈpɛrd tɪ ˈɔfər ˈθɪbədoʊ ə juʤ reɪz ənd mɔr kənˈtroʊl wɪθ pleɪər ˈpərsɪnəl dɪˈsɪʒənz. boʊθ əv ðoʊz ər pərˈhæps ˌɪnˈtrigɪŋ ˈɔpʃənz fər ˈθɪbədoʊ. ˈmɛni bɪˈliv ðə ˈfrɪkʃən bɪtˈwin ˈθɪbədoʊ ənd bʊlz ˈmænɪʤmənt ˈəltəmətli lɛd tɪ ðə ˈdaʊnˌfɔl əv ðə tim. ðɪs wɑz ˈɛvədənt ɪn ðɪs bʊlz geɪm 6 ˈkɑnfərəns ˌsɛmɪˈfaɪnəlz lɔs tɪ ðə ˈklivlənd ˌkævəˈlɪrz. daʊn 14 tɪ stɑrt ðə ˈsɛkənd hæf, ðə bʊlz ˈnɛvər ˈmaʊnɪd ə rən ənd lʊkt laɪk ðə ˈsplɪntərd tim ðeɪ wər. ˈæftər ðə geɪm, ˈθɪbədoʊ ˈpɔɪntɪd aʊt wəns əˈgɛn haʊ ˈlɪtəl ðə bʊlz ˈsteɪtərz hæd ˈæˌkʧuəli pleɪd təˈgɛðər boʊθ ɔn ənd ɔf ðə kɔrt, ˈstɑrtərz pleɪd ɪn 20 geɪmz ənd lɛs ˈpræktɪsɪz ðən ðət. ə ˈkrɛdɪt tɪ ðɛm ðət wi wər ˈeɪbəl tɪ du wət wi did.”*.” əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ðə sɔrs ðə bʊlz wər together”*” ðɪs ˈsizən. pleɪərz sɔ ˈhɛlθi pleɪərz ˈsɪtɪŋ aʊt boʊθ geɪmz ənd ˈpræktɪsɪz wɪʧ lɛd tɪ ðə tim fər ðɛmˈsɛlvz ənd nɑt fər iʧ other.”*.” mɔr ˌsərkəmˈstænʃəl ˈɛvədəns əv ðə tim waɪd ˈfrɪkʃən wɑz ɔn dɪˈspleɪ ɪn geɪm 6 wɪn roʊz wɑz nɑt əˈgrɛsɪv ənd ˈʤɪmi ˈbətlər lɛft ðə ˈlɑkər rum wɪˈθaʊt ˈtɔkɪŋ tɪ rɪˈpɔrtərz. ðɛr ɪz ə ˈfilɪŋ ðət ðə ˈimərʤɪŋ ˈbətlər meɪ naʊ vju hɪmˈsɛlf ɛz ə ˈnəmbər wən ˈɔpʃən mɔr soʊ ðən ə ˈrənɪŋ meɪt tɪ roʊz. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ðiz θɪŋz ər ˈkɑmən ɪn ðə ˈɛnˌbiˈeɪ ənd roʊz həz ˈɔlˌweɪz bɪn ə get-along*, pleɪ wɪθ anyone”*” gaɪ, soʊ fˈjuʧər ˌɪmˈpækt ʃʊd bi ˈmɪnəməl ɪf ˈɛniˌθɪŋ æt ɔl. ˌspɛkjəˈleɪʃən əˈbaʊt ˈθɪbədoʊ biɪŋ ˈtreɪdɪd ɪz ʤɪst ðət. ðɛr ɪz ə ˈfilɪŋ əˈməŋst ˌɪnˈsaɪdərz ðət ˈθɪbədoʊ wɪl əˈlaʊ hɪmˈsɛlf tɪ bi traded”*” tɪ hɛlp ðə bʊlz ənd wɪl weɪt tɪ bi faɪərd ˈivɪn ɪf ɪt minz ˈweɪtɪŋ ənd ˈmɪsɪŋ aʊt ɔn ðə ˈkɑrənt ˈoʊpənɪŋz. ˈmɛni ʤɑbz ər ɪkˈspɛktɪd tɪ bi ˈoʊpən ˈæftər nɛkst ˈsizən ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ðə lɔs ˈænʤəlɪs ˈleɪkərz, ˈʃɑrlət ˈhɔrnəts, ˈfinɪks sənz, ˈpɔrtlənd treɪl ˈbleɪzərz ənd ðə ˈdæləs ˈmævərɪks. ðə bʊlz ˈrɑstər ɪz ˈlaɪkli tɪ ˌəndərˈgoʊ ə ˌtrænsfərˈmeɪʃən. tɑʒ ˈgɪbsən kʊd bi ˈtreɪdɪd tɪ meɪk rum fər ˈnikoʊ mirotic*, waɪl maɪk ˈdunləvi meɪ nɑt bi tɪ ˈoʊpən ˈmɪnəts fər boʊθ ˈtoʊni snɛl ənd dəg məkˈdərmət. ðə bʊlz wər wɪn ˈdunləvi wɑz aʊt əv ðə ˈlaɪˌnəp læst jɪr. bʊlz ˈmænɪʤmənt həz lɔŋ bɪn ˈrumərd tɪ ˈkəvət ˈkɑrənt ˈaɪəwə steɪt hɛd koʊʧ ənd ˈfɔrmər bʊl frɛd. ðoʊ ʤɪst hæd ə hɑrt prəˈsiʤər ənd meɪ nɑt wɔnt tɪ liv ðə ˈkɑlɪʤ laɪf ənd hɪz eɪmz, ˈaɪəwə ˈfæməli ˈlaɪfˌstaɪl. ɔˈrlænˌdoʊ ɪz ˈɔlsoʊ rɪˈpɔrtədli ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪd. ɪf tərnz ðə bʊlz daʊn, wʊd bʊlz ˈmænɪʤmənt kənˈsɪdər ˌriuˈnaɪtɪŋ wɪθ ˈθɪbədoʊ? ˈhaɪli ənˈlaɪkli, bət ˈθɪbədoʊ dɪd seɪ ðeɪ tɛl mi nɑt, aɪ ɪkˈspɛkt tɪ bi here.”*.” ðə ˈdrɑmə kʊd pleɪ aʊt fər ə waɪl ˈlɔŋgər ɛz boʊθ saɪdz dɪg ɪn.
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what are the odds? josh smith vs. kyle korver and three point shooting in the playoffs by krishna narsu
chicago bulls head coach tom thibodeau would like to stay with team under right circumstances
tom thibodeau is still the head coach of the chicago bulls despite the near universal conclusion that he won’t be come training camp 2015. a source close to the team says even though “the horse is out of the barn” thibodeau would be willing to return to the bulls under “the right circumstances.” thibodeau still loves chicago, has a great rapport with derrick rose and believes the bulls are capable of challenging for a championship next season. the source says that thibodeau would be open to a mea culpa meeting where both sides come to an understanding but believes “that will never happen.”
the bulls season has been over for one week and all is still quiet on the tom thibodeau front. new orleans may be interested, but have reportedly met with golden state assistant coach alvin gentry. orlando is really interested, prepared to offer thibodeau a huge raise and more control with player personal decisions. both of those are perhaps intriguing options for thibodeau.
many believe the friction between thibodeau and bulls management ultimately led to the downfall of the team. this was evident in this year’s bulls game 6 conference semifinals loss to the cleveland cavaliers. down 14 to start the second half, the bulls never mounted a run and looked like the splintered team they were.
after the game, thibodeau pointed out once again how little the bulls staters had actually played together both on and off the court,
“our starters played in 20 games and less practices than that. it’s a credit to them that we were able to do what we did.”
according to the source the bulls were “never together” this season. players saw healthy players sitting out both games and practices which led to the team “playing for themselves and not for each other.” more circumstantial evidence of the team wide friction was on display in game 6 when rose was not aggressive and jimmy butler left the locker room without talking to reporters. there is a feeling that the emerging butler may now view himself as a number one option more so than a running mate to rose. however, these things are common in the nba and rose has always been a get-along, “can play with anyone” guy, so future impact should be minimal if anything at all.
speculation about thibodeau being traded is just that. there is a feeling amongst insiders that thibodeau will “not allow himself to be traded” to help the bulls and will wait to be fired even if it means waiting and missing out on the current openings. many jobs are expected to be open after next season including the los angeles lakers, charlotte hornets, phoenix suns, portland trail blazers and the dallas mavericks.
the bulls roster is likely to undergo a transformation. taj gibson could be traded to make room for niko mirotic, while mike dunleavy may not be re-signed to open minutes for both tony snell and doug mcdermott. the bulls were 9-10 when dunleavy was out of the line-up last year.
bulls management has long been rumored to covet current iowa state head coach and former bull fred hoiberg. hoiberg though just had a heart procedure and may not want to leave the college life and his ames, iowa family lifestyle. orlando is also reportedly interested.
if hoiberg turns the bulls down, would bulls management consider reuniting with thibodeau? highly unlikely, but thibodeau did say “until they tell me i’m not, i expect to be here.” the drama could play out for a while longer as both sides dig in.
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ðə prəˈvɪʒənəl ˈgəvərnmənt ðət tʊk ˈoʊvər əˈpɑn ˌæbdɪˈkeɪʃən əv zɑr ˈnɪkələs ɪn mɑrʧ 1917 dɪd nɑt ækt dɪˈsaɪsɪvli tɪ sɑlv ðə ˈprɑbləmz ðət hæd kəm tɪ ə hɛd. moʊst ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt əv ðiz wɑz haʊ tɪ sik pis ɪn wərld wɔr 1 ðɛn ɪn ɪts θərd jɪr, ə wɔr ɪn wɪʧ ðə ˈbækwərd ˈrəʃən ˈɛmpaɪər hæd lɔst mɔr ˈmɪljənz kɪld ənd ˈwundɪd ðən ˈɛni əv ɪts ˈælaɪz ər ɪts ˈɛnəmiz. nɛkst wɑz ðə dɪˈmænd əv ðə ˈpɛzənts, ɪn ðət ˌoʊvərˈwɛlmɪŋli ˌægrɪˈkəlʧərəl ˈkəntri, ðət landowners’*’ lænd bi tərnd ˈoʊvər tɪ ðoʊz hu wərkt ɪt. ə θərd wɑz ˈsɪmpli prəˈvaɪdɪŋ brɛd tɪ fid ə ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃən ˈstɑrvɪŋ ˈpɑrtli bɪˈkəz ðə ˈmigər ˈrisɔrsɪz hæd bɪn dɪˈvərtɪd tɪ ðə ˈɑrmi, bət ˌɪnˈkrisɪŋgli bɪˈkəz ðə ˈæbsəns əv mɛn ənd ˈhɔrsɪz frəm ðə fɑrmz mɛnt ðət pərˈdəkʃən kʊd nɑt bi kɛpt əp. ðə fɔrθ wɑz ðə dɪˈmænd fər ˌɪndɪˈpɛndəns ər ˌrɛstərˈeɪʃən əv raɪts baɪ ðə ˈkɑŋkərd ˈneɪʃənz wɪˈθɪn ðə ˈrəʃən ˈɛmpaɪər, ənd fər ˈikwəl raɪts baɪ məˈnɔrətiz dɪˈspərst ðɛˈrɪn. əv ðə juˈkreɪniənz, ˈlɛnɪn roʊt æt ðɪs taɪm: meɪd ðə ˌɛksəˈkjuʃənərz əv ðə juˈkreɪniən ˈpipəl, ənd ˈfoʊmɛntɪd ɪn ðɛm ə ˈheɪtrəd fər ðoʊz hu ˈivɪn fərˈbeɪd juˈkreɪniən ˈʧɪldrən tɪ spik ənd ˈstədi ɪn ðɛr ˈneɪtɪv tongue.”*.” wɪθ rɪˈspɛkt tɪ ðə ˈmæsɪv ˈstilɪŋ əv lænd, hi hæd ˈrɪtən: ɪz ə ˈtɪdˌbɪt əv kəˈloʊniəl ˈpɑləsi ðət wɪl stænd kəmˈpɛrəsən tɪ ˈɛni əv ðə fits pərˈfɔrmd ɪn africa.”*.” ðət ˌɪnˈdaɪtmənt ɪz bɔrn aʊt baɪ ðə fækt ðət ɪn səm ˈkaʊntiz ðə dɛθ reɪt riʧt ˈʤɛnəˌsaɪdəl ˈlɛvəlz. ðə juˈkreɪn ɪz ɔn ðə ˈwɛstərn frənˈtɪr. ɪz ɪn ðə ˈjʊrəl ˈmaʊntənz ˈsɛpərˌeɪtɪŋ ˈjʊrəp ənd ˈeɪʒə, dip ɪn ˈsɛntrəl ˈeɪʒə, ɔn ˈwɛstərnˌmoʊst ˈbɔrdər. ʤɪst ə jɪr ˌbiˈfɔr ðə ˈoʊvərθˌroʊ əv ðə zɑr, ðə ˈrəʃən ˈɑrmi hæd ˈteɪkən ˈhənərdz əv ˈθaʊzənz əv ʃip frəm ðə noʊˈmædɪk ˈkɪrgɪz, ənd peɪd ɪn ˈrubəlz. bət ɪn ðət səbˈsɪstəns ɪˈkɑnəmi, lɑrʤ səmz əv ˈməni wər ˈminɪŋləs: ðɛr wɑz ˈnəθɪŋ tɪ baɪ. wʊl prəˈvaɪdɪd ˈkloʊðɪŋ ənd ˈʃɛltər, mɪlk ənd mit wər fud, ˌɪnˈtɛstənz bɪˈkeɪm bægz, ðɛr sərvd ɛz kɔrd. wɪθ ðə ˌɪnɪˈfɪʃənsi əv ðət deɪ, əv ðət ˈkəntri, ənd əv ˈɑrmiz ɪn ˈʤɛnərəl, ðə ʃip hæd bɪn sˈlɔtərd baɪ ðə tɛnz əv ˈθaʊzənz ˌbiˈfɔr prəˈvɪʒən fər ˈstɔrɪʤ wɑz meɪd, ənd ðə ˈkɪrgɪz hæd sin ðɛm rɑt uselessly*, waɪl ðeɪ ðɛmˈsɛlvz hungered*. ɔn tɔp əv ðɪs keɪm ðə dɪˈkri ˈsɛntrəl ˈeɪʒənz fər əˈnɑrmd ˈleɪbər ˈsərvɪs æt ðə frənt, ˈθaʊzənz əv maɪəlz əˈweɪ. ə rɪˈbɛljən broʊk aʊt wɪʧ ðə fɔrm əv ən ˌɪndɪˈskrɪmənət sˈlɔtər əv ˈrəʃən peasants.”*.” ɛz ə ˈrəʃən ʤiˈɑləʤəst toʊld ˈænə luiz strɔŋ ɪn, ə ˈdəzən jɪrz ˈleɪtər, pərˈhæps wər waɪpt aʊt. ðə ˈrəʃən kəˈloʊniəl ˌɑkjəˈpeɪʃən ˈɑrmi, pləs dɪˈvɪʒənz muvd frəm ðə frənt, rɪˈspɑndɪd ˈruθləsli. əˈbaʊt ə ˈmɪljən əv ðə noʊˈmædɪk ˈkɪrgɪz ənd ˈkæzæks wən aʊt əv tɛn ˈpipəl ɪn ðə əˈfɛktɪd ˈɛriə taɪd tɪ ʧaɪˈniz turkestan*, wɛr ðeɪ wər soʊld ˈɪntu sˈleɪvəri. æt ðə ˈvɛri ˈɑpəzɪt ɛnd əv ðə ˈkəntri, nɔrθ əv ˈlɛnɪnˌgræd, ˈbɔrdərɪŋ finalnd*, lɪv ðə ““white”*” ˌjʊrəˈpiən karelians*. ðɛr ˈlæŋgwɪʤ rɪˈzɛmbəlz ˈfɪnɪʃ, bət sɛl ə ˈbaɪbəl ˈrɪtən ɪn ˈfɪnɪʃ wɑz ˈpənɪʃəbəl baɪ ˈɛkˌsaɪl. ˈʧɪldrən wər ˈpənɪʃt fər ˈspikɪŋ kərˈiliən ˈivɪn ɪn ðə schoolgrounds.”*.” (ˈneɪtɪv əˈmɛrɪkənz hæv hæd ðət ɪkˈspɪriəns ɪn ˈbjʊroʊ əv ˈɪndiən əˈfɛrz skulz, ənd ʧɪˈkɑnoʊz dɪd ənˈtɪl ˈvɛri ˈrisənt jɪrz.) ðoʊz kərˈiliən ˈʧɪldrən wər ˈləki ˈsɪmpli tɪ bi ɪn skul æt ɔl: ɪn, əv ˈʧɪldrən ɪn ˈsɛkənˌdɛri skulz ɪn 1910 ˈoʊnli tɛn hæd bɪn bashkirs*. ðɪs wɑz ðə ˌriˈæləˌti wɪn ðə zɑr wɑz ˌoʊvərθˈroʊn. ˈwɪljəm ɛm. ˈmændəl, ˈsoʊviˌɛt bət nɑt ˈrəʃən ˈædvərˌtaɪzmənts
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the provisional government that took over upon abdication of tsar nicholas ii in march 1917 did not act decisively to solve the problems that had come to a head. most important of these was how to seek peace in world war 1, then in its third year, a war in which the backward russian empire had lost more millions killed and wounded than any of its allies or its enemies. next was the demand of the peasants, in that overwhelmingly agricultural country, that landowners’ land be turned over to those who worked it. a third was simply providing bread to feed a population starving partly because the country’s meager resources had been diverted to the army, but increasingly because the absence of men and horses from the farms meant that production could not be kept up. the fourth was the demand for independence or restoration of rights by the conquered nations within the russian empire, and for equal rights by minorities dispersed therein.
of the ukrainians, lenin wrote at this time: “accursed tsarism made the great-russians executioners of the ukrainian people, and fomented in them a hatred for those who even forbade ukrainian children to speak and study in their native tongue.”
with respect to the massive stealing of bashkir land, he had written: “this is a tidbit of colonial policy that will stand comparison to any of the feats performed … in . . africa.” that indictment is borne out by the fact that in some counties the bashkir death rate reached genocidal levels.
the ukraine is on the western frontier. bashkiria is in the ural mountains separating europe and asia, kirgizia deep in central asia, on china’s westernmost border. just a year before the overthrow of the tsar, the russian army had taken hundreds of thousands of sheep from the nomadic kirgiz, and paid in rubles. but in that subsistence economy, large sums of money were meaningless: there was nothing to buy. sheep’s wool provided clothing and shelter, sheep’s milk and meat were food, sheep’s intestines became bags, their sinews served as cord. with the inefficiency of that day, of that country, and of armies in general, the sheep had been slaughtered by the tens of thousands before provision for storage was made, and the kirgiz had seen them rot uselessly, while they themselves hungered. on top of this came the decree conscripting central asians for unarmed labor service at the front, thousands of miles away. a rebellion broke out which “took the form of an indiscriminate slaughter of russian peasants.” as a russian geologist told anna louise strong in kirgizia, a dozen years later, perhaps 10,000 were wiped out. the russian colonial occupation army, plus divisions moved from the front, responded ruthlessly. about a million of the nomadic kirgiz and kazakhs one out of ten people in the affected area tied to chinese turkestan, where they were sold into slavery.
at the very opposite end of the country, north of leningrad, bordering finalnd, live the “white” european karelians. their language resembles finnish, but “to sell a bible written in finnish was punishable by exile. . . . children were punished for speaking karelian even in the schoolgrounds.” (native americans have had that experience in bureau of indian affairs schools, and chicanos did until very recent years.) those karelian children were lucky simply to be in school at all: in bashkiria, of 4,778 children in secondary schools in 1910, only ten had been bashkirs.
this was the reality when the tsar was overthrown.
william m. mandel, soviet but not russian
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ˈælɪsən ˈʊlrɪk plænz tɪ lɔnʧ ðə ˈlɛzbiən ˈdeɪtɪŋ æp ɪn ðə nɛkst fju wiks. vju fʊl ˈkæpʃən wɛst lup ə nu ˈdeɪtɪŋ æp kriˈeɪtɪd ɪn ʃəˈkɑˌgoʊ eɪmz tɪ kriˈeɪt ə "mind-blowing*" ɪkˈspɪriəns fər ˈlɛzbiənz. fjuəld baɪ hər frəˈstreɪʃən wɪθ ðə læk əv kˈwɑləti ˈlɛzbiən ˈdeɪtɪŋ æps ɔn ðə ˈmɑrkɪt, goʊld koʊst ˈrɛzɪdənt ˈælɪsən ˈʊlrɪk həz kriˈeɪtɪd ðə ˈmoʊbəl æp, ə ˈdeɪtɪŋ æp ðət ˈkeɪtərz ɪkˈsklusɪvli tɪ ˈlɛzbiən ˈwɪmən. ðə fri æp ɪz ɪkˈspɛktɪd tɪ bi əˈveɪləbəl fər ˈdaʊnˌloʊd ðɪs wik ər nɛkst. ɪz laɪk ðə geɪ ˈhʊˌkəp æp grindr*, "ˈoʊnli ˈklæsiər," ˈʊlrɪk sɛd. ˈʊlrɪk tɛlz ˈstɛfəni ðət ʃi wɔnts tɪ hɛlp ˈbɛtər kəˈnɛkt ðə ˈlɛzbiən kəmˈjunɪti ɪn ʃəˈkɑˌgoʊ: ðə aɪˈdiə fər ðə æp wɑz spɑrkt baɪ oʊn ɪkˈspɪriənsɪz ˈlɪvɪŋ ənd ˈdeɪtɪŋ ɪn ˈbɔstən. ˈæftər ˈɛndɪŋ ə riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪp, ʃi muvd tɪ ʃəˈkɑˌgoʊ jɪrz əˈgoʊ tɪ pərˈsu ə ʤɑb ɪn ðə ˈkɔrpərət ˈsɛktər. ə ˈbeɪtə ˈvərʒən əv ˈlɛzbiən ˈdeɪtɪŋ æp dɪˈzaɪnd baɪ wɛst ˈɔrə ˌɪnərˈæktɪv. vju fʊl ˈkæpʃən ɪn hər nu ˈsɪti, ˈʊlrɪk ˈnoʊtɪst ʃi ˈwəzənt ðə ˈoʊnli ˈlɛzbiən ˈwʊmən hu hæd ə ˈdɪfəkəlt taɪm ˈmitɪŋ ˈəðər ˈlɛzbiən ˈwɪmən tɪ deɪt. "aɪ θɪŋk wət spɔnd ðə aɪˈdiə wɑz laɪf ˌriˈæləˌti ənd ˌkɑnvərˈseɪʃənz aɪv hæd wɪθ maɪ frɛndz rɪˈgɑrdɪŋ riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪps ənd ˈwɪmən," sɛd ˈʊlrɪk, hu ɪz ðə ˈʤɛnərəl ˈmænɪʤər əv ˈbrʊklɪn ˈboʊldərz ʃəˈkɑˌgoʊ, ən ˈɪnˌdɔr ˈklaɪmɪŋ fəˈsɪlɪti ɪn ðə wɛst lup. ənˈlaɪk streɪt ˈpipəl, ʃi ˈkʊdənt ʤɪst wɔk əp tɪ ˈɛni ˈwʊmən ɪn ə ˈmeɪnˌstrim bɑr. ənd ənˈlaɪk ðə ˈwɛlˈnoʊn ɛˈstæblɪʃmənts ðət ˈkeɪtər tɪ geɪ mɛn ɪn ʃəˈkɑˌgoʊ, ˈʊlrɪk faʊnd ðət ðɛr ˈwəzənt ə ˈsɪmələr kəmˈjunɪti ðət əˈtræktəd ə ˈlɑrʤli ˈlɛzbiən ˌklaɪənˈtɛl. "ˈwɪmən hæv ðɪs kəˈnəndrəm əˈbaʊt ˈmitɪŋ ˈəðər ˈpipəl, bət noʊ wən wɑz ˈwərkɪŋ tɪ faɪnd ə səˈluʃən," ʃi sɛd. 'meɪk ˈwɪmən fil ˈwɛlkəm' waɪl ˈʊlrɪk wɑz bæk ɔn ðə ist koʊst wɪθ hər ˈlɔŋˌtaɪm frɛnd ˈædəm bɛk, ʃi kəmˈpleɪnd əˈbaʊt ðət ˈdeɪtɪŋ "kəˈnəndrəm." sun, bɛk wɑz ɪnˈkərəʤɪŋ ˈʊlrɪk tɪ dɪˈvɛləp ən æp tɪ sɑlv ðə nid ʃi sɔ. ˈʊlrɪk hæd ˈnɛvər kriˈeɪtɪd ən æp. ɪn ðə nɛkst fju mənθs, ˈʊlrɪk ənd bɛk, hu saɪnd ɔn tɪ ðə æp, riˈsərʧt ðə ˈmɑrkɪt tɪ dɪˈtərmən ɪf ə ˈvaɪəbəl ˈlɛzbiən ˈdeɪtɪŋ æp ɪgˈzɪstəd. "ˈivɪn ðoʊ aɪ hæd ðɪs frəˈstreɪʃən, aɪ hæd ˈnɛvər ˈpərsənəli ˈteɪkən ðə taɪm tɪ si ɪf ðɛr wɑz ən æp ðət aɪ kʊd juz," ʃi sɛd, ˈædɪŋ ðət ɪts nɑt ˈsəmθɪŋ hər frɛndz dɪˈskəst. "ˈnɔrməli, ɛz ə ˈlɛzbiən kəmˈjunɪti wid rɪˈlaɪ ɔn mæʧ ər ˈoʊˈkeɪ ˈkjupɪd." ðoʊz ˈstændərd ˌhɛtəroʊˈsɛkˌʃuəl saɪts ˈjildɪd ə smɔl pul əv ˈlɛzbiən ˈwɪmən, ʃi sɛd. pɪŋk ˈkjupɪd, ə ˈlɛzbiən ˈdeɪtɪŋ ˈwɛbˌsaɪt, pruvd ˌdɪsəˈpɔɪnɪŋ, tu, ˈʊlrɪk sɛd. ðə fju ˈlɛzbiən ˈdeɪtɪŋ æps ˈʊlrɪk dɪˈskəvərd wər dɪˈfəŋkt ər hæd nɑt bɪn ˈmɑrkətɪd ˈprɑpərli, ʃi sɛd. ˈəðər æps gɪrd təˈwɔrd ˈlɛzbiənz, lɔnʧt ɪn ˈʤərməni ənd ðə juˈnaɪtɪd ˈkɪŋdəm, wər geofenced*, ˈminɪŋ ðət ðɛr ˈgipiˈɛs ˈsɪstəm wʊd nɑt ˈrɛʤɪstər ɪn ˈəðər loʊˈkælz. wɪθ ðə hɛlp əv wɛst ˈɔrə ˌɪnərˈæktɪv, ˈʊlrɪk ənd bɛk spɛnt ðə nɛkst jɪr dɪˈvɛləpɪŋ ðə æp, dɪˈzaɪnɪŋ ənd ˈbrændɪŋ tɪ ɪnˈʃʊr ðə ˌæpləˈkeɪʃən wʊd "meɪk ˈwɪmən fil ˈwɛlkəm," ˈʊlrɪk sɛd. haʊ ɪt wərks ʤɪst laɪk grindr*, ðə æp tæps ˈɪntu ðə ˈgipiˈɛs ˈsɪstəm ɔn ðə ə ˈmoʊbəl dɪˈvaɪs tɪ dɪˈtərmən ðə ˈjuzərz loʊˈkeɪʃən ənd ˈəðər ˈjuzərz ˈnɪrˈbaɪ. ˈjuzərz wɪl bi ˈeɪbəl tɪ ˈmɛsɪʤ ˈəðər ˈmɛmbərz, ˈɪndəˌkeɪt ðət ðeɪ hæv ə "krəʃ" ɔn ðɛm ər æd ðɛm tɪ ðɛr ˈpraɪvət "wɪʃ lɪst." ˈwɪmən ˈɔlsoʊ wɪl bi ˈeɪbəl tɪ ˈɪndəˌkeɪt wət kaɪnd əv ˌɪnərˈækʃən ðeɪ ər ˈlʊkɪŋ fər, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ˈɔpʃənz fər ˈpipəl hu wɔnt ə ˈhʊˌkəp; ləv ənd riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪp; ˈnɛtˌwərkɪŋ; ənd ˈfrɛndʃɪp. ðə ˈjuzər ˈɔlsoʊ kən aɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪ hər ˈsɛkʃuəl aɪˈdɛntəˌti ɔn ðə æp ɛz ˈlɛzbiən, ˌbaɪˈsɛkʃuəl ər ˈkjʊriəs. ðə æp prɑmpts ˈwɪmən 18 ənd ˈoʊldər tɪ ˈəˌploʊd θri ˈfoʊˌtoʊz ənd raɪt ə baɪoʊ. ˈvərʒən waɪl ɪz ˈlɔnʧɪŋ ɛz ə ˈdeɪtɪŋ æp, ˈlɑrʤər goʊl ɪz tɪ bɪld ðə æp ˈɪntu ə ˈnɛtˌwərk ðət kəˈnɛkts ʃəˈkɑˌgoʊz ˈlɛzbiən kəmˈjunɪti, ɪˈvɛnʧəwəli ˈmeɪkɪŋ ɪt ˈiziər tɪ mit ˈəðər ˈlɛzbiənz ɪn ˈpərsən. ɪn ˈbɔstən, ˈʊlrɪk sɛd ʃi wɑz ˈfæsəˌneɪtɪd baɪ ðə ˌkoʊɪgˈzɪstɪŋ ˈlɛzbiən ˈsoʊʃəl ˈsərkəlz ənd haʊ ðeɪ ˌɪnərˈæktəd wɪθ iʧ ˈəðər. "aɪ heɪt seɪɪŋ ðɪs, bət ɪts ˈɔlˌmoʊst ɛz 'ðə ɛl wərd' pɔrˈtreɪz ɪt tɪ bi," ˈʊlrɪk sɛd əv ðə ˈʃoʊˌtaɪm ˈdrɑmə ðət dɪˈpɪktɪd ðə lɪvz əv ˈlɛzbiən ˈwɪmən ɪn wɛst ˈhɑliˌwʊd. "wəns ju noʊ ˈɛvriˌbɑdi, wən əv ðə θɪŋz maɪ frɛndz wʊd ˈɔlˌweɪz seɪ, ðɛrz ðə frəˈstreɪʃən əv wɛr du ju mit [ˈəðər ˈlɛzbiənz] ðət ju doʊnt noʊ ənd wɛr ɛls kən ju goʊ tɪ hæŋ aʊt, tɪ du θɪŋz ənd ˌɛnˈʤɔɪ θɪŋz ɛz ə ˈlɛzbiən," ʃi sɛd. dɪˈtərmənɪŋ ðə saɪz əv ðə juz. ˈlɛzbiən ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃən ɪz ˈdɪfəkəlt. fɔr ˈrisənt ˈsərˌveɪz kənˈdəktəd ɔn ˈsɛkʃuəl ˌɔriɛnˈteɪʃən ɪn əˈmɛrɪkə grupt ɔl ˈlɛzbiən, geɪ, ˌbaɪˈsɛkʃuəl ənd ˈtrænzˈʤɛndər rɪˈspɑndərz ɪn wən grup. ənd ˈivɪn wɪˈθɪn ðət lɑrʤ ˈkɑntɛkst, ðə ˈɛstəˌmeɪts ˈvɛrid ˈwaɪdli; ðə ˈsərˌveɪz dɪˈtərmənd ðət pərˈsɛnt tɪ 4 pərˈsɛnt əv ðə juz. ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃən aɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪz ɛz ˈlɛzbiən, geɪ, ˌbaɪˈsɛkʃuəl ər ˈtrænzˈʤɛndər. ˈjuzɪŋ ˈsɛnsəs ˈnəmbərz ənd ðə fɔr ˈsərˌveɪ ˈɛstəˌmeɪts, ðə ˈwɪljəmz ˈɪnstɪˌtut ˈɛstəˌmeɪts ðət ˈmɪljən tɪ ˈmɪljən ˈædəlts ɪn ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts aɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪ ɛz ˈlɛzbiən, geɪ, ˌbaɪˈsɛkʃuəl ər ˈtrænzˈʤɛndər. dɪˈspaɪt ðə læk əv ˈdætə, ˈʊlrɪk sɛd ʃi wɑz ˈkɑnfədənt ðət ðə ˈlɛzbiən ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃən ɪn ðə juz. ˈnəmbərz ɪn ðə ˈmɪljənz, ənd ðət ə lɑrʤ beɪs əv ˈwɪmən wʊd bi ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪd ɪn ˈjuzɪŋ ðə æp, ˈʊlrɪk sɛd. "wi wɔnt tɪ kəˈnɛkt ənd prəˈmoʊt ðoʊz ɪn ðə kəmˈjunɪti θru ɑr ˌɪndɪˈpɛndənt ər ʃɛrd ˈkəlʧərəl ˈɪntərɪsts," ʃi sɛd. fər mɔr ˈneɪbərˌhʊd nuz, ˈlɪsən tɪ ˈreɪdiˌoʊ hir:
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allison ullrich plans to launch the lesbian dating app scissr in the next few weeks. view full caption dnainfo/stephanie lulay
west loop a new geosocial dating app created in chicago aims to create a "mind-blowing" experience for lesbians.
fueled by her frustration with the lack of quality lesbian dating apps on the market, gold coast resident allison ullrich has created the mobile app scissr, a dating app that caters exclusively to lesbian women. the free app is expected to be available for download this week or next.
scissr is like the location-based gay hookup app grindr, "only classier," ullrich said.
ullrich tells stephanie lulay that she wants to help better connect the lesbian community in chicago:
the idea for the app was sparked by ullrich's own experiences living and dating in boston. after ending a relationship, she moved to chicago 1½ years ago to pursue a job in the corporate sector.
a beta version of lesbian dating app scissr designed by west loop-based ora interactive. view full caption dnainfo/stephanie lulay
in her new city, 36-year-old ullrich noticed she wasn't the only lesbian woman who had a difficult time meeting other lesbian women to date.
"i think what spawned the idea was life reality and conversations i've had with my friends regarding relationships and women," said ullrich, who is the general manager of brooklyn boulders chicago, an indoor climbing facility in the west loop.
unlike straight people, she couldn't just walk up to any woman in a mainstream bar. and unlike the well-known boystown establishments that cater to gay men in chicago, ullrich found that there wasn't a similar community that attracted a largely lesbian clientele.
"women have this conundrum about meeting other people, but no one was working to find a solution," she said.
'make women feel welcome'
while ullrich was back on the east coast with her longtime friend adam beck, she complained about that dating "conundrum." soon, beck was encouraging ullrich to develop an app to solve the need she saw.
ullrich had never created an app. in the next few months, ullrich and beck, who signed on to co-create the app, researched the market to determine if a viable lesbian dating app existed.
"even though i had this frustration, i had never personally taken the time to see if there was an app that i could use," she said, adding that it's not something her friends discussed. "normally, as a lesbian community we'd rely on match or ok cupid."
those standard heterosexual sites yielded a small pool of lesbian women, she said. pink cupid, a lesbian dating website, proved disappointing, too, ullrich said.
the few lesbian dating apps ullrich discovered were defunct or had not been marketed properly, she said. other apps geared toward lesbians, launched in germany and the united kingdom, were geofenced, meaning that their gps location-based system would not register in other locales.
with the help of west loop-based ora interactive, ullrich and beck spent the next year developing the scissr app, designing and branding scissr to ensure the application would "make women feel welcome," ullrich said.
how it works
just like grindr, the scissr app taps into the gps system on the a mobile device to determine the user's location and other users nearby.
scissr users will be able to message other members, indicate that they have a "crush" on them or add them to their private "wish list."
women also will be able to indicate what kind of interaction they are looking for, including options for people who want a hookup; love and relationship; networking; and friendship. the user also can identify her sexual identity on the app as lesbian, bisexual or curious.
the app prompts women 18 and older to upload three photos and write a 300-character bio.
version 2.0
while scissr is launching as a dating app, ullrich's larger goal is to build the app into a network that connects chicago's lesbian community, eventually making it easier to meet other lesbians in person.
in boston, ullrich said she was fascinated by the coexisting lesbian social circles and how they interacted with each other.
"i hate saying this, but it's almost as 'the l word' portrays it to be," ullrich said of the showtime drama that depicted the lives of lesbian women in west hollywood.
"once you know everybody, one of the things my friends would always say, there's the frustration of where do you meet [other lesbians] that you don't know and where else can you go to hang out, to do things and enjoy things as a lesbian," she said.
determining the size of the u.s. lesbian population is difficult. four recent surveys conducted on sexual orientation in america grouped all lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender responders in one group. and even within that large context, the estimates varied widely; the surveys determined that 2.2 percent to 4 percent of the u.s. population identifies as lesbian, gay, bisexual or transgender.
using census numbers and the four survey estimates, the ucla-based williams institute estimates that 5.2 million to 9.5 million adults in the united states identify as lesbian, gay, bisexual or transgender.
despite the lack of data, ullrich said she was confident that the lesbian population in the u.s. numbers in the millions, and that a large base of women would be interested in using the location-based app, ullrich said.
"we want to connect and promote those in the lgbt community through our independent or shared cultural interests," she said.
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ʤæk ˈwɔlən əˈplɔdz ðə ˈoʊpən ˈdɑkjəmɛnt ˈstændərdz ɪn ðɛr ˈmeɪʤər wɪn wɪθ ðə ˈgəvərnmənt. ðə dɔr həz bɪn ˈoʊpənd fər ˈsɪriəs ˈoʊpən sɔrs əkˈsɛptəns ənd əˈdɑpʃən. tɪ səm, ðɪs maɪt nɑt sim ðət bɪg əv ə dil. bət ɪf juv bɪn ˈfɑloʊɪŋ ðə ˈstændərdz wɔr bɪtˈwin ˈmaɪˌkroʊˈsɔft ənd ðə ˈoʊpənˌsɔrs kəmˈjunɪti, ju noʊ ðət ðɪs ɪz, wɪˈθaʊt ə daʊt, ə bɪg dil. ʤɪst wət ɪz ðɪs bɪg dil? ðə ˈgəvərnmənt dɪˈklɛrd ðət ɔl əˈfɪʃəl ˈɔfəs swits məst səˈpɔrt ˈoʊpən ˈdɑkjəmɛnt ˈfɔrˌmæt (odf*). waɪ dɪd ðɪs ˈhæpən? ðə ˈænsər tɪ ðət ɪz kwaɪt ˈsɪmpəl, bət ju hæv tɪ lʊk bɪɔnd jʊr oʊn skoʊp əv pərˈsɛpʃən ənd ˌriˈæləˌti: nɑt ˈɛvriˌwən ˈjuzɪz ˈmaɪˌkroʊˈsɔft ˈɔfəs. ðæts raɪt. ˈivɪn ðoʊ wi, ɪn ðə ˈjuˈɛs, tɛnd tɪ əˈsum ðət ˈɛvriˌwən ɔn ðə ˈplænət dɪz θɪŋz ɪgˈzæktli ðə weɪ wi du... ðeɪ doʊnt. ɪn fækt, teɪk ə lʊk æt ðɪs lɪst əv ˈɛntɪtiz ˈjuzɪŋ: ˈʤərmən ˈsɪti əv mˈjunɪk ˈspænɪʃ ɔˈtɑnəməs ˈriʤən əv vəˈlɛnsiə ˌɪˈtæljən ˈprɑvɪns əv saʊθ ðə ˈsɪti əv ˈlɑrgoʊ ˈspænɪʃ ˈsɪti əv ˈɛˈleɪˈɛs grik ˈsɪti əv ˈhɑˌspɪtəlz ɪn ˈkoʊpənˌhɑgən ðə ədˈmɪnɪˌstreɪtɪv əˈθɔrəti əv ðə ˈriʤən ðə ˈaɪrɪʃ ˈsɪti əv ˈlɪmərɪk frɛnʧ ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri pəˈlis ðə lɪst goʊz ɔn. bət naʊ, ə ˈmeɪʤər ˈgəvərnmənt paʊər həz meɪd ə ʃɪft ənd ə ˈsteɪtmənt. wɪθ ðɪs ʧeɪnʤ, ðə ˈgəvərnmənt wɪl seɪv ðə ˈoʊvər 2 ˈbɪljən ˈdɔlərz (ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə laɪf əv ðə ˈkɑrənt ˈpɑrləmɛnt). 2 ˈbɪljən ˈdɔlərz. lɛt ðət sɪŋk ɪn. baɪ ˈsɪmpli əˈlaʊɪŋ ˈjuzərz tɪ ɪmˈplɔɪ ˈoʊpənˌsɔrs ˈɔfəs swits, səʧ ɛz, ðə ˈgəvərnmənt wɪl seɪv 2 ˈbɪljən ˈdɔlərz. ðə ˈoʊpən ˈstændərd ɪz ˈsəmθɪŋ ðət kən noʊ ˈlɔŋgər bi ˌɪgˈnɔrd. fər ˈbɪznɪsɪz tɪ kleɪm ðə rɔɪ əv ˈjuzɪŋ ˈoʊpən ˈstændərdz dɪz ˈnəθɪŋ fər kɔst ˈifɛktɪvnəs ənd ˈseɪvɪŋz ɪz flæt aʊt rɔŋ. sˈwɪʧɪŋ frəm ˈmaɪˌkroʊˈsɔft ˈɔfəs tɪ ə swit səʧ ɛz seɪvz ˈməni. ˈpɪriəd. ənd ðɪs dɪˈsɪʒən baɪ ðə ˈgəvərnmənt wɪl hæv ə ˈmeɪʤər ˌɪmˈpækt ɔn dɪˈsɪʒənz meɪd baɪ ˈəðər lɑrʤ ˈɛntɪtiz əˈkrɔs ðə gloʊb. nɑt ˈoʊnli wɪl ˈəðər ˌɔrgənəˈzeɪʃənz ˈsɪriəsli kənˈsɪdər ðə swɪʧ tɪ ðə ˈfɔrˌmæt, bət ɔl ˈəðər ˈɔfəs swits. æt ðə ˈmoʊmənt, ˈgugəl dɑks dɪz ə ˈfɛrli gʊd ʤɑb əv səˈpɔrtɪŋ (ɪt kən ˈkɑnvərt ˈdɑkjəmənts ˈɪntu ðə ˈgugəl dɑk ˈfɔrˌmæt ənd ðɛn ˈɛkspɔrt tɪ). bət biɪŋ ˈeɪbəl tɪ ˈoʊpən ə ˈdɑkjəmɛnt ˈɪzənt ɪgˈzæktli ˈfʊli kəmˈplaɪɪŋ wɪθ ə ˈstændərd. ðɪs meɪ nɑt meɪk ə juʤ ˈdɪfərəns tɪ ðoʊz hu ɔˈrɛdi juz ˈoʊpənˌsɔrs ˈsɔfˌwɛr. ɪn ðə ɛnd, ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ɪt wɪl meɪk ə juʤ ˈdɪfərəns ɪn ðə grænd skim əv θɪŋz. ðɪs ˈɪzənt ʤɪst ə ˈwɛlkəm rɪˈsɛpʃən fər ˈoʊpənˌsɔrs ˈstændərdz ðɪs ɪz ən ˈoʊpənɪŋ əv ə ʤaɪənt ˈdɔrˌweɪ fər ˈoʊpən sɔrs ɛz ə hoʊl. ˈlɪnəks həz bɪn sˈloʊli ˈbɪldɪŋ stim fər səm taɪm naʊ. ˈhævɪŋ səʧ səˈpɔrt fər ðə ˈflægˌʃɪp ˈɔfəs swit wɪl goʊ ə lɔŋ weɪ tɪ kənˈtɪnju ˈpʊʃɪŋ ˈlɪnəks ˈɪntu ðə ˈspɑˌtlaɪt. əv kɔrs, ðɪs ˈdəzənt min ðət, ɔl əv ə ˈsədən, ˈgəvərnmənt ˈɛntɪtiz wɪl stɑrt əˈdɑptɪŋ ˈlɪnəks ˈhoʊlˌseɪl. ɪt dɪz, ˌhaʊˈɛvər, riˈmuv jɛt əˈnəðər ˈhərdəl tɪ əˈdɑpʃən. ðɪs əˈdɑpʃən ɪz mɔr ðən ˈbɪznɪs ənd ˈrioʊ. ðɪs ɪz əˈbaʊt ɛmˈbreɪsɪŋ, ˌɪnˈkluʒən, ənd ˈfridəm. ɪn ðə ˈjuˈɛs, ðɛrz ə ˈsɪriəs ˈprɑbləm wɪθ skulz ˌɪnˈsɪstɪŋ ðət ˈstudənts səbˈmɪt ðɛr ˈhoʊmˌwərk ɪn ə səˈpɔrtɪd ˈdɪʤɪtəl ˈfɔrˌmæt. ˈivɪn skul ˈsɪstəmz ˈsəfərɪŋ frəm ˈbəʤɪˌtɛri ˈɪʃuz (wɪθ ˈstudənts ˈlɪvɪŋ æt ər nɪr ðə ˈpɑvərti ˈlɛvəl) ˈɔfən ˌrikˈwaɪər ə ˈfɔrˌmæt ðæts ˈoʊnli əˈveɪləbəl ɪn ˈmaɪˌkroʊˈsɔft ˈɔfəs. ðɪs bɪˈkəmz ə ˈsɪriəs ˈɪʃu wɪn ə krɔs ˈsɛkʃən əv ðə ɛnˈroʊld ˈstudənts ˈkænɑt əˈfɔrd ðə tulz ˈnɛsəˌsɛri tɪ du ðɛr wərk. ðə dɪˈsɪʒən baɪ ðə ˈgəvərnmənt kʊd ˈizəli ˈoʊpən ðə dɔr tɪ ˈsɑlvɪŋ ðɪs ˈɪʃu. ðɪs dɪˈsɪʒən ɪz ɛz məʧ əˈbaʊt ɪmˈpaʊərɪŋ ˈsɪtɪzənz ɛz ɪt ɪz əˈbaʊt ˈseɪvɪŋ ˈməni. baɪ ɛmˈbreɪsɪŋ ðə ˈoʊpən ˈfɔrˌmæt, ˈɛniˌwən wɪθ ə kəmˈpjutər kən wərk wɪθ ə ˈdɑkjəmɛnt. ˈɛniˌwən. ju noʊ ˈlɔŋgər hæv tɪ bi kənˈsərnd əˈbaʊt ˈgɪtɪŋ jʊr hænz ɔn ə ˈkɑpi əv ˈmaɪˌkroʊˈsɔft ˈɔfəs... ʤɪst tɪ du jʊr ˈhoʊmˌwərk, kəˈlæbərˌeɪt wɪθ ə ˈgəvərnmənt ˈdɑkjəmɛnt, ər du jʊr ʤɑb. ˈɛni ˈsɔfˌwɛr ðət səˈpɔrts ðə ˈoʊpən ˈdɑkjəmɛnt ˈfɔrˌmæt ɪz gʊd tɪ goʊ ənd ju kən gɪt jʊr hænz ɔn səʧ ˈsɔfˌwɛr fər fri. wɪn. wɪn. ɪts bɪn ə lɔŋ roʊd fər ðə ˈoʊpən ˈdɑkjəmɛnt ˈstændərd, bət ɔl ðət wərk həz peɪd ɔf. tɪ ˈɛvriˌwən hu həz hæd ə hænd ɪn dɪˈvɛləpɪŋ ənd ˌɪmˈpruvɪŋ ðə ˈoʊpən ˈdɑkjəmɛnt ˈstændərd... aɪ əˈplɔd ənd θæŋk ju. həz jʊr ˈkəmpəˌni əˈdɑptəd ðə ˈoʊpən ˈdɑkjəmɛnt ˈstændərd? ɪf nɑt, wət prɪˈvɛnts ðɛm frəm ˈmeɪkɪŋ ðə swɪʧ? ʃɛr jʊr ɪkˈspɪriəns ənd θɔts ɪn ðə dɪˈskəʃən θrɛd bɪˈloʊ. kip əp wɪθ ðə ˈoʊpən sɔrs wərld baɪ ˌɔtəˈmætɪkli səbˈskraɪbɪŋ tɪ ˈlɪnəks ənd ˈoʊpən sɔrs ˈnuzˌlɛtər.
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jack wallen applauds the open document standards in their major win with the uk government. the door has been opened for serious open source acceptance and adoption.
to some, this might not seem that big of a deal. but if you've been following the standards war between microsoft and the open-source community, you know that this is, without a doubt, a big deal. just what is this big deal? the uk government declared that all official office suites must support open document format (odf). why did this happen? the answer to that is quite simple, but you have to look beyond your own scope of perception and reality:
not everyone uses microsoft office.
that's right. even though we, in the us, tend to assume that everyone on the planet does things exactly the way we do... they don't. in fact, take a look at this list of entities using libreoffice:
german city of munich
spanish autonomous region of valencia
italian province of south tyrol
the city of largo
spanish city of las palmas
greek city of pylaia-chortiatis
hospitals in copenhagen
the administrative authority of the île-de-france region
the irish city of limerick
french military police
the list goes on. but now, a major government power has made a shift and a statement. with this change, the government will save the uk over 2 billion dollars (during the life of the current parliament).
2 billion dollars.
let that sink in. by simply allowing users to employ open-source office suites, such as libreoffice, the government will save 2 billion dollars.
the open standard is something that can no longer be ignored. for businesses to claim the roi of using open standards does nothing for cost effectiveness and savings is flat out wrong. switching from microsoft office to a suite such as libreoffice saves money. period. and this decision by the uk government will have a major impact on decisions made by other large entities across the globe. not only will other organizations seriously consider the switch to the odf format, but all other office suites. at the moment, google docs does a fairly good job of supporting odf (it can convert .odt documents into the google doc format and then export to .odt). but being able to open a document isn't exactly fully complying with a standard.
this may not make a huge difference to those who already use open-source software. in the end, however, it will make a huge difference in the grand scheme of things. this isn't just a welcome reception for open-source standards — this is an opening of a giant doorway for open source as a whole.
linux has been slowly building steam for some time now. having such support for the flagship office suite will go a long way to continue pushing linux into the spotlight. of course, this doesn't mean that, all of a sudden, government entities will start adopting linux wholesale. it does, however, remove yet another hurdle to adoption.
this adoption is more than business and rio. this is about embracing, inclusion, and freedom. in the us, there's a serious problem with schools insisting that students submit their homework in a supported digital format. even school systems suffering from budgetary issues (with students living at or near the poverty level) often require a format that's only available in microsoft office. this becomes a serious issue when a cross section of the enrolled students cannot afford the tools necessary to do their work. the decision by the uk government could easily open the door to solving this issue.
this decision is as much about empowering citizens as it is about saving money. by embracing the open format, anyone with a computer can work with a document. anyone. you no longer have to be concerned about getting your hands on a copy of microsoft office... just to do your homework, collaborate with a government document, or do your job. any software that supports the open document format is good to go — and you can get your hands on such software for free.
win. win.
it's been a long road for the open document standard, but all that work has paid off. to everyone who has had a hand in developing and improving the open document standard... i applaud and thank you.
has your company adopted the open document standard? if not, what prevents them from making the switch? share your experience and thoughts in the discussion thread below.
keep up with the open source world by automatically subscribing to techrepublic's linux and open source newsletter.
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ðə trəmp ædˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃən ɪz ˈlɔnʧɪŋ ə ˌridɪˈzaɪnd ˈvərʒən əv ðə waɪt haʊs ˈwɛbˌsaɪt ɔn ˈfraɪˌdeɪ ðət ɪt kleɪmz wɪl seɪv ˈtækˌspeɪərz ˈmɪljənz əv ˈdɔlərz ˈɛvəri jɪr. ə waɪt haʊs əˈfɪʃəl toʊld ðə ˈwɔʃɪŋtən ɪgˈzæmənər ðət ˈʧeɪnʤɪz tɪ ðə ˈwɛbˌsaɪts sɪˈkjʊrəti ənd ˈmeɪntənəns prəˈsiʤərz kʊd ɛnd əp ˈseɪvɪŋ əˈmɛrɪkən ˈtækˌspeɪərz ɛz məʧ 3 ˈmɪljən ˈænjuəli. "ðə oʊld saɪt wɑz ə gʊd ˈtɛmpərˌɛri ˈmɛʒər ðət əˈlaʊd ˈjuˈɛs tɪ juz wət ðə ˈpriviəs ædˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃən hæd bɪlt, bət ɪt ˈwəzənt wɛr ɪt ˈnidɪd tɪ bi ɪn tərmz əv prəˈvaɪdɪŋ ˈpipəl wɪθ ˈkɑntɛnt ðeɪ kən ˈizəli ˈækˌsɛs," ðə əˈfɪʃəl, hu dɪˈklaɪnd tɪ bi neɪmd, sɛd. "wi wɪl seɪv ˈtækˌspeɪərz ˈɔlˌmoʊst 3 ˈmɪljən pər jɪr ɛz ə rɪˈzəlt əv ðə ˌridɪˈzaɪnd saɪt," ðə əˈfɪʃəl kənˈtɪnjud. "ðə ˈprɛzɪdənt ɪz ˈfoʊkɪst ɔn ˈmeɪkɪŋ smɑrt juz əv ˈtækˌspeɪər ˈdɔlərz ənd wi θɔt ðət ðə ˈpriviəs saɪt wɑz, ˈfræŋkli, ˈkɔstɪŋ fɑr tu məʧ." "[ðə nu saɪt] əˈdæpts ðə juz. wɛb dɪˈzaɪn ˈstændərdz ənd ˈjuzɪz ə staɪl ðət ɪz klin, ˈsɪmpəl ənd ˌprɛzɪˈdɛnʃəl," ðeɪ ˈædɪd. ðə nu ˈwɛbˌsaɪt wɪl bi "ˈklinər," əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ðə əˈfɪʃəl, ənd kənˈteɪn ˌɪmˈpruvd sərʧ ˈfəŋkʃənz ənd ˈpɑləsi ˈsɛkʃənz. ɪt wɪl ˈɔlsoʊ hæv ˈəpˌdeɪtɪd ˈfiʧərz mɛnt tɪ dɪˈtər ˈhækərz. ə waɪt haʊs ˈspoʊkspərsən ˈɛstəˌmeɪtɪd ðə ˈænjuəl kɔst əv ðə ˈkɑrənt waɪt haʊs ˈwɛbˌsaɪt æt ˈəpwərdz əv 6 ˈmɪljən. "wi ər naʊ ˈseɪvɪŋ mɔr ðən 60 pərˈsɛnt əv ðət ˈnəmbər pər jɪr," ðə ˈspoʊkspərsən sɛd. ɪn ˈʤænjuˌɛri, ðə trəmp ædˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃən feɪst ˈkrɪtɪˌsɪzəm wɪn ɪt dɪˈlitəd ðə ˈsɛkʃən əv ɪts ˈwɛbˌsaɪt. ɪn ˌʤuˈlaɪ, ðə waɪt haʊs sɛd ðət ˌɪmˈpruvɪŋ ðə ˈsɛkʃən wɑz ə praɪˈɔrəti. praɪˈɔrəti rɪˈmeɪnz tɪ ˌɪmˈpruv ðə ˈɪŋlɪʃ ˈlæŋgwɪʤ ˈwɛbˌsaɪt," waɪt haʊs dɪˈrɛktər əv ˈmidiə əˈfɛrz ˈhɛlən əgˈwɪreɪ ferré*é sɛd æt ðə taɪm. ðə waɪt haʊs dɪd nɑt ˌɪˈmiˌdiətli rɪˈspɑnd fər ə rɪkˈwɛst fər ˌklɛrəfəˈkeɪʃən ɛz tɪ ˈwɛðər ðə ˈsɛkʃən wʊd bi pɑrt əv ˈfraɪˌdeɪz riˈlɔnʧ.
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the trump administration is launching a redesigned version of the white house website on friday that it claims will save taxpayers millions of dollars every year.
a white house official told the washington examiner that changes to the website's security and maintenance procedures could end up saving american taxpayers as much $3 million annually.
"the old site was a good temporary measure that allowed us to use what the previous administration had built, but it wasn't where it needed to be in terms of providing people with content they can easily access," the official, who declined to be named, said.
"we will save taxpayers almost $3 million per year as a result of the redesigned site," the official continued. "the president is focused on making smart use of taxpayer dollars and we thought that the previous site was, frankly, costing far too much."
"[the new site] adapts the u.s. web design standards and uses a style that is clean, simple and presidential," they added.
the new website will be "cleaner," according to the official, and contain improved search functions and policy sections. it will also have updated cybersecurity features meant to deter hackers.
a white house spokesperson estimated the annual cost of the current white house website at upwards of $6 million.
"we are now saving more than 60 percent of that number per year," the spokesperson said.
in january, the trump administration faced criticism when it deleted the spanish-language section of its website. in july, the white house said that improving the english-language section was a priority.
“the priority remains to improve the english language website," white house director of media affairs helen aguirre ferré said at the time.
the white house did not immediately respond for a request for clarification as to whether the spanish-language section would be part of friday's relaunch.
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ɛm@ ə ˈləndən tub mæp ˈɛvəri taɪm ə nu əˈdɪʃən ɪz meɪd tɪ ðə tub mæp, ɪt gɪts ə ˈlɪtəl mɔr ˈkraʊdɪd. ðə klin laɪnz əv ˈhɛri bɛks ərˈɪʤənəl gɪt ə ˈlɪtəl mɔr kənfˈjuzɪŋ. wɛr wɪl wi bi 100 jɪrz frəm naʊ, wɪn əˈdɪʃənəl laɪnz, ˈsteɪʃənz, ˈkeɪbəl kɑz, ˈhəvər reɪlz ənd ər ˈædɪd tɪ ðə ˈdaɪəˌgræm? sˈlæpɪŋ ə θərd dɪˈmɛnʃən ˈɔntu ðə mæp kʊd bi wən səˈluʃən. ðə ˈɛkstrə dɛpθ əˈlaʊz fər ˈɛkstrə leɪərz əv ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən. wiv hæd ə fərst stæb æt ðə tub ˈnɛtˌwərk ɪn θri dɪˈmɛnʃənz, ˈjuzɪŋ ˈgugəl tɪ bɪld ðə ˈmɑdəl. laɪk ðə ərˈɪʤənəl mæp, ɪt bɛrz ˈlɪtəl rɪˈzɛmbləns tɪ ʤiˈɑgrəfi ənd ɪz ˈlɑrʤli skɪˈmætɪk. ə laɪnz dɛpθ ɪn ðə ˈmɑdəl dɪz nɑt ˈɪndəˌkeɪt ɪts dɛpθ ər dɪˈrɛkʃɪn ɪn ril laɪf. ˌɪnˈstɛd, ðɪs ɪz ˈsɪmpli ə əv haʊ ɔl ðə ˈsteɪʃənz lɪŋk təˈgɛðər. ɛz ɪn bɛks mæp, wiv juzd ˈsɪmpəl ənd ʤiˈɑmətriz tɪ kəˈnɛkt ˈsteɪʃənz. ˌhɔrəˈzɑntəl ənd ˈvərtɪkəl laɪnz ər ɔl əv ˈikwəl lɛŋθ, ɛz ər ɔl ðə daɪˈægənəlz. wɛr ˈməltəpəl laɪnz kəˈnɛkt tu ˈsteɪʃənz (e.g*. laɪnz), wiv ˈkələrd ðə saɪdz əv iʧ ˈrɛktæŋgəl tɪ rɪˈflɛkt ðɪs ˈroʊˌteɪt ðə mæp tɪ si ðɛm. ðə rɪˈzəlt? wɛl, ɪts ə kənfˈjuzɪŋ ˈtæŋgəl. ɛz ə ˌnævəˈgeɪʃənəl eɪd, ɪt feɪlz, ənd wi ˈɔfər ɪt ˈoʊnli ɛz ə ˌkɑnvərˈseɪʃən pis. bət, ˈmeɪbi wɪn wɪr ɔl ˈwɔkɪŋ raʊnd wɪθ ˈvərʧuəl ˌriˈæləˌti ˈgɑgəlz ər ˌɪnərˈæktɪŋ wɪθ ˌhɔloʊˈgræfɪk prɑˈʤɛkʃənz, ˈsəmˌwən wɪθ mɔr breɪnz ənd ˈbɛtər ˈsɔfˌwɛr kən faɪnd ə weɪ tɪ juz ðə θərd dɪˈmɛnʃən tɪ ædˈvæntɪʤ ˈrəðər ðən pərˈplɛksəti. haʊ tɪ vju ðə mæp ðə əˈbəv ˈoʊnli gɪv ə sˈnæpˌʃɑt əv ðə mæp, ənd ju maɪt wɔnt tɪ pleɪ wɪθ ɪt ˈjɔrsɛlf. ðə ˈiziəst weɪ ɪz tɪ gɪt ðə ˈgugəl ərθ fər ˈgugəl mæps, ɪn wɪʧ keɪs, jul bi ˈeɪbəl tɪ tˈwɪdəl wɪθ ðə ˈmɑdəl raɪt naʊ ɪn ðə ɛmˈbɛdɪd mæp bɪˈloʊ (ɪf ju doʊnt hæv ðə, jul ʤɪst si ˈgugəl mæps). ɔlˈtərnətɪvli, ju kən ˈdaʊnˌloʊd ðə faɪl frəm ˈwɛˌrhaʊs hir ənd loʊd ɪt ˈɪntu ˈgugəl, fri tɪ ˈdaʊnˌloʊd frəm hir (ənd fən tɪ pleɪ wɪθ, soʊ wərθ ˈgɪtɪŋ ˈɛniˌhaʊ). ðɪs gɪvz ə ˈklɪrər ənd ˈiziər tɪ ˈhændəl ˈmɑdəl, wɪʧ jul ˈɔlsoʊ bi ˈeɪbəl tɪ ˈɛdət.
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m@
a 3-d london tube map
every time a new addition is made to the tube map, it gets a little more crowded. the clean lines of harry beck's original get a little more confusing. where will we be 100 years from now, when additional lines, stations, cable cars, hover rails and levipads are added to the diagram?
slapping a third dimension onto the map could be one solution. the extra depth allows for extra layers of information.
we've had a first stab at visualising the tube network in three dimensions, using google sketchup to build the model. like the original 2-d map, it bears little resemblance to geography and is largely schematic. a line's depth in the model does not indicate its depth or direction in real life. instead, this is simply a visualisation of how all the stations link together.
as in beck's map, we've used simple and consistant geometries to connect stations. horizontal and vertical lines are all of equal length, as are all the diagonals. where multiple lines connect two stations (e.g. circle-district lines), we've coloured the sides of each rectangle to reflect this rotate the map to see them.
the result? well, it's a confusing tangle. as a navigational aid, it fails, and we offer it only as a conversation piece. but, maybe when we're all walking round with virtual reality goggles or interacting with holographic projections, someone with more brains and better software can find a way to use the third dimension to advantage rather than perplexity.
how to view the map
the screengrabs above only give a snapshot of the map, and you might want to play with it yourself. the easiest way is to get the google earth plugin for google maps, in which case, you'll be able to twiddle with the model right now in the embedded map below (if you don't have the plugin, you'll just see google maps).
alternatively, you can download the file from google's 3d warehouse here and load it into google sketchup, free to download from here (and fun to play with, so worth getting anyhow). this gives a clearer and easier to handle model, which you'll also be able to edit.
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ə fləd əv nu ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən ˈimərʤd ðɪs ˌæftərˈnun ɪn ˈfɛdərəl ˈpɑrləmɛnt əˈbaʊt ðə ˌkɑntrəˈvərʃəl ənd ˈsikrətɪv prəˈpoʊzəl baɪ ðə dɪˈpɑrtmənt (agd*) tɪ fɔrs ˈɪntərˌnɛt ˈsərvɪs prəˈvaɪdərz tɪ stɔr ə wɛlθ əv ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən pərˈteɪnɪŋ tɪ australians’*’ iˈmeɪlz ənd ˈtɛləˌfoʊn kɔlz. ðə prəˈpoʊzəl noʊn ˈpɑpjələrli ɛz ‘‘ozlog’*’ fərst keɪm tɪ laɪt ɪn ʤun ðɪs jɪr, wɪn kənˈfərmd ɪt hæd bɪn ɪgˈzæmɪnɪŋ ðə ˌjʊrəˈpiən dɪˈrɛktɪv ɔn ˈdætə riˈtɛnʃən (pdf*) tɪ kənˈsɪdər ˈwɛðər ɪt wʊd bi ˌbɛnəˈfɪʃəl fər ɔˈstreɪljə tɪ əˈdɑpt ə ˈsɪmələr rəˈʒim. ðə dɪˈrɛktɪv rikˈwaɪərz tɪ ˈrɛkərd ˈdætə səʧ ɛz ðə sɔrs, ˌdɛstɪˈneɪʃən ənd ˈtaɪmɪŋ əv ɔl iˈmeɪlz ənd ˈtɛləˌfoʊn kɔlz ˈivɪn ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ˈɪntərˌnɛt ˈtɛləˌfoʊni. ɪn ðə fərst deɪ əv ən ˌɪnkˈwaɪˌri ˈɪntu ˈɔnˌlaɪn ˈpraɪvəsi hɛld təˈdeɪ baɪ ðə ɪnˈvaɪrənmənt ənd kəmˌjunəˈkeɪʃənz ˈrɛfərənsɪz kəˈmɪti, ˈsinjər ˈpəblɪk ˈsərvənt ˈkæθərɪn smɪθ ədˈmɪtəd ʃi kʊd nɑt prɪˈsaɪsli rɪˈmɛmbər wɪn dɪˈskəʃənz əraʊnd ðə ˈɪʃu kəˈmɛnst. aɪ seɪ bɪn əraʊnd fər ə ˈvɛri lɔŋ taɪm aɪ rɪˈmɛmbər haʊ ɪt started,”*,” smɪθ sɛd. ðə ˈpəblɪk ˈsərvənt ɪz əˈsɪstənt ˈsɛkrəˌtɛri əv ˌtɛləkəmˌjunəˈkeɪʃənz ənd sərˈveɪləns lɔ brænʧ. ˈəndər səˈsteɪnd ˈprɛʃər frəm grinz ˈsɛnətər skɑt ˈlədləm, smɪθ ənd hər ˈkɑlig ˈwɛndi ˈkɛli dɪˈrɛktər əv ðə seɪm brænʧ sɛd ðə ˈɔrəʤɪnz əv ðə ˈprɑʤɛkt rɪˈleɪtɪd tɪ ðə weɪ ðət lɔ ɛnˈfɔrsmənt əˈθɔrətiz ənd ˈsərtən ˈbrænʧɪz əv ˈgəvərnmənt səʧ ɛz hæd bɪn ˈwərkɪŋ wɪθ ðə ˌtɛləkəmˌjunəˈkeɪʃənz ˈɪndəstri fər jɪrz ɔn ðə ˈɪʃu əv ˌtɛləkəmˌjunəˈkeɪʃənz ˌɪnərˈsɛpʃən tɪ eɪd ɪn crime-fighting*. ðə ˈɪndəstri, smɪθ sɛd, wɑz ɪn ðə ˈhæbət əv fɔrˈwɔrnɪŋ lɔ ɛnˈfɔrsmənt wɪn nu tɛkˈnɑləʤiz wʊd kəm ˈɪntu pleɪ ðət maɪt dɪˈmɪnɪʃ ðə əˈbɪləˌti tɪ ˌɪnˈvɛstəˌgeɪt kraɪm. ˈsəmˌtaɪmz ˈmɛʒərz tɪ dil wɪθ nu tɛkˈnɑləʤiz wʊd ɛnd əp bɪˈkəmɪŋ ˌlɛʤəsˈleɪʃən. smɪθ dɪˈskraɪbd ðə ˌlɛʤəsˈleɪʃən əraʊnd ˌtɛləkəmˌjunəˈkeɪʃənz ˌlɛʤəsˈleɪʃən ɛz biɪŋ ˈəndər review”*” du tɪ ðə ˌɪmˈpækt əv nu tɛkˈnɑləʤiz ə ˈprɔˌsɛs ðət ˈlədləm dɪˈskraɪbd ɛz ˈpɑrləmɛnt rɪˈsivɪŋ əˈmɛndmənts tɪ ðə ˌtɛləkəmˌjunəˈkeɪʃənz (ˌɪnərˈsɛpʃən ənd ˈækˌsɛs) ækt tˈwɛnti minutes”*”. ɔˈstreɪljən ˈfɛdərəl pəˈlis əˈsɪstənt kəˈmɪʃənər, nil gɔən ðə ˈnæʃənəl ˈmænɪʤər əv ðə haɪ tɛk kraɪm ˌɑpərˈeɪʃənz ˈsɛntər, sɛd ðə ˈdætə riˈtɛnʃən prəˈpoʊzəl ɪn ɪts ɛˈsɛnʃəl ˈneɪʧər wɑz ʤɪst lɔ ɛnˈfɔrsmənt ˈæskɪŋ fər ˈstætəs kwoʊ tɪ remain”*” ɪn tərmz əv ɪts əˈbɪləˌti tɪ ˈkɑndəkt ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃənz ˈjuzɪŋ ˌtɛləkəmˌjunəˈkeɪʃənz ˌɪnərˈsɛpʃən. riˈtɛnʃən wɪl nɑt gɪv ˈeɪʤənsiz nu paʊərz ɪt wɪl ɪnˈʃʊr ðət ɪgˈzɪstɪŋ ˌkeɪpəˈbɪlətiz rɪˈmeɪnz available,”*,” smɪθ əˈgrid. ɪgˈzæmpəlz juzd ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə ˈsɛʃən, fər ɪgˈzæmpəl, rɪˈleɪtɪd tɪ ðə weɪ ðət ðə ˈɔnˌsɛt əv ˈɪntərˌnɛt ˈtɛləˌfoʊni wɑz ˈmeɪkɪŋ ɪt hɑrd fər lɔ ɛnˈfɔrsmənt tɪ træk foʊn kɔlz ɪn ðə seɪm weɪ ðeɪ hæd wɪθ trəˈdɪʃənəl ˈænəˌlɔg ˈtɛləˌfoʊni. ˈkɛli dɪˈskraɪbd ðə ˈdætə riˈtɛnʃən prəˈpoʊzəl ɪn tərmz əv ðə ““dataset”*” əv ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən ðət lɔ ɛnˈfɔrsmənt ˈeɪʤənsiz kʊd kəˈlɛkt. ðə sɛt əv ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən fər ɪgˈzæmpəl, kɔl lɔgz ðət ðə ˈtɛlkoʊ ˈsɛktər wɑz kəˈlɛktɪŋ hæd ʧeɪnʤd, ənd ˈdɪfərənt ˈkəmpəˌniz wər ˈstɔrɪŋ ɪt fər ˈdɪfərənt ˈpɪriəd, ʃi sɛd ˈreɪnʤɪŋ frəm deɪz tɪ jɪrz. ˈsikɪŋ kənˈsɪstənsi əˈkrɔs ðə industry?”*?” æst ˈlədləm. ““correct,”*,” ʃi rɪˈplaɪd. ðə ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnətɪvz kəˈmɪtɪd tɪ prəˈvaɪdɪŋ ðə kəˈmɪti wɪʧ ˈɔlsoʊ ˌɪnˈkludz ˈlɪˌbərəl ˈsɛnətər ˈmɛri ʤoʊ ˈfɪʃər, fər ɪgˈzæmpəl, ənd ˈleɪbər ˈsɛnətər dəg ˈkæmərən wɪθ ə ˈpraɪvət ənd ˌkɑnfəˈdɛnʃəl ˈbrifɪŋ æt ə ˈleɪtər deɪt tɪ gɪv ɪt ə ˈbɛtər aɪˈdiə əv ðə ˈdætə biɪŋ kəˈlɛktəd. kənˈteɪnz ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən ðət kʊd bi ˌprɛʤəˈdɪʃəl tɪ lɔ ɛnˈfɔrsmənt ɪf ɪt wɑz released,”*,” sɛd smɪθ. gɔən geɪv ən ɪgˈzæmpəl əv ən ˌɑpərˈeɪʃən dəbd ‘‘centurion’*’ ðət ðə ˈkɛrid aʊt ɪn 2008 wɪʧ ɪt ˈnidɪd ðə sɔrt əv ˈdætə ðət wʊd bi kəˈlɛktəd ˈəndər ðə skim. ðə ˈeɪʤənsi ˈstɑrtɪd ɔf wɪθ ʤɪst addresses”*”, hi sɛd, bət ˈɛndɪd əp biɪŋ ˈeɪbəl tɪ ˈɛksəˌkjut səm 340 sərʧ ˈwɔrənts fər ʧaɪld ˌpɔrnəˈgræfɪk məˈtɪriəlz, ərˈɛstɪŋ 140 ˈpipəl ənd ˈkɑnfəˌskeɪtɪŋ ˌɪˈligəl ˈɪmɪʤɪz. ɪn əˈdɪʃən, hi sɛd, ðə ˌɑpərˈeɪʃən seɪvd fɔr ˈʧɪldrən hu wər pəˈtɛnʃəli æt rɪsk əv ʧaɪld əˈbjuz. ɪt həz ˈpriviəsli bɪn ənˈklɪr tɪ wət ɪkˈstɛnt hæd kənˈsəltɪd rɪˈgɑrdɪŋ ðə ˈdætə riˈtɛnʃən prəˈpoʊzəl wɪθ səm bɪˈlivd tɪ hæv bɪn swɔrn tɪ əˈgrimənts rɪˈgɑrdɪŋ ðə ˈmætər. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, təˈdeɪ smɪθ sɛd waɪd ˌkɑnsəlˈteɪʃən hæd bɪn ˈəndərˌteɪkən ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ənd ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnətɪv grups səʧ ɛz ðə kəmˌjunəˈkeɪʃənz əˈlaɪəns, ðə dɪˈpɑrtmənt əv praɪm ˈmɪnɪstər ənd ˈkæbənət ənd ðə ˈɔfəs əv ðə ˈpraɪvəsi kəˈmɪʃənər. ɪt wɑz ənˈklɪr, ˌhaʊˈɛvər, wət ðə nɛkst stɛps ɪn ðə dɪˈvɛləpmənt əv ðə prəˈpoʊzəl wɪl bi. smɪθ sɛd ðə dɪˈpɑrtmənt wɑz stɪl kənˈsɪdərɪŋ ðə ˈmɛrɪts əv ðə ˈdætə riˈtɛnʃən prəˈpoʊzəl. bɪn noʊ dɪˈsɪʒən ɔn wɛr ənd haʊ teɪk ðɪs forward,”*,” ʃi sɛd. hæv ˈɛni ˌɪnˈstrəkʃənz stɪl ˈgæðərɪŋ information.”*.” wɪn ˈprɛʃərd baɪ ˈlədləm ɔn ðə ˈmætər əv ˈpəblɪk ˌkɑnsəlˈteɪʃən, smɪθ sɛd ðət wʊd bi ə ˈmætər fər ðə ˈgəvərnmənt tɪ ˌdɪˈsaɪd. ər stɪl ˈlʊkɪŋ æt ðə ˈɔpʃənz tɪ teɪk ˈsəmθɪŋ ˈfɔrwərd tɪ ə ˈbrɔdər vju, bi appropriate,”*,” ʃi sɛd. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ðə ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnətɪvz dɪd gɪv ə nɑd təˈwɔrdz ˈɛrɪŋ ðə prəˈpoʊzəl ɪn ˈpəblɪk ˈsteɪtɪŋ ðeɪ wər kəˈmɪtɪd tɪ ˈoʊpən, trænˈspɛrənt ənd kənˈsəltətɪv process”*”. ˈɪmɪʤ ˈkrɛdɪt: ˈeɪdriən væn lin, ˈrɔɪəlti fri
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a flood of new information emerged this afternoon in federal parliament about the controversial and secretive proposal by the attorney-general’s department (agd) to force internet service providers to store a wealth of information pertaining to australians’ emails and telephone calls.
the proposal — known popularly as ‘ozlog’ — first came to light in june this year, when agd confirmed it had been examining the european directive on data retention (pdf) to consider whether it would be beneficial for australia to adopt a similar regime. the directive requires telcos to record data such as the source, destination and timing of all emails and telephone calls even including internet telephony.
in the first day of an inquiry into online privacy held today by the senate’s environment and communications references committee, senior agd public servant catherine smith admitted she could not precisely remember when discussions around the issue commenced.
“can i say been around for a very long time — i remember how it started,” smith said. the public servant is assistant secretary of agd’s telecommunications and surveillance law branch.
under sustained pressure from greens senator scott ludlam, smith and her colleague wendy kelly — director of the same branch — said the origins of the project related to the way that law enforcement authorities and certain branches of government such as agd had been working with the telecommunications industry for years on the issue of telecommunications interception to aid in crime-fighting.
the industry, smith said, was in the habit of forewarning law enforcement when new technologies would come into play that might diminish the ability to investigate crime.
sometimes measures to deal with new technologies would end up becoming legislation. smith described the legislation around telecommunications legislation as being “constantly under review” due to the impact of new technologies — a process that ludlam described as parliament receiving amendments to the telecommunications (interception and access) act “every twenty minutes”.
australian federal police assistant commissioner, neil gaughan — the national manager of the afp’s high tech crime operations centre, said the data retention proposal in its essential nature was just law enforcement asking for “the status quo to remain” in terms of its ability to conduct investigations using telecommunications interception.
“data retention will not give agencies new powers — it will ensure that existing capabilities remains available,” smith agreed.
examples used during the session, for example, related to the way that the onset of internet telephony was making it hard for law enforcement to track phone calls in the same way they had with traditional analogue telephony.
kelly described the data retention proposal in terms of the “dataset” of information that law enforcement agencies could collect. the set of information — for example, call logs — that the telco sector was collecting had changed, and different companies were storing it for different period, she said — ranging from days to years.
“you’re seeking consistency across the industry?” asked ludlam. “correct,” she replied.
the agd representatives committed to providing the committee — which also includes liberal senator mary jo fisher, for example, and labor senator doug cameron — with a private and confidential briefing at a later date to give it a better idea of the data being collected.
“it contains information that could be prejudicial to law enforcement if it was released,” said smith.
gaughan gave an example of an operation — dubbed ‘centurion’ — that the afp carried out in 2008 which it needed the sort of data that would be collected under the ozlog scheme. the agency started off with just “ip addresses”, he said, but ended up being able to execute some 340 search warrants for child pornographic materials, arresting 140 people and confiscating 100,000 illegal images.
in addition, he said, the operation saved four children who were potentially at risk of child abuse.
it has previously been unclear to what extent agd had consulted regarding the data retention proposal — with some isps believed to have been sworn to non-disclosure agreements regarding the matter. however, today smith said wide consultation had been undertaken — including isps and representative groups such as the communications alliance, the department of prime minister and cabinet and the office of the privacy commissioner.
it was unclear, however, what the next steps in the development of the proposal will be. smith said the department was still considering the merits of the data retention proposal. “there’s been no decision on where and how we’ll take this forward,” she said. “i don’t have any instructions — we’re still gathering information.”
when pressured by ludlam on the matter of public consultation, smith said that would be a matter for the government to decide. “we are still looking at the options — to take something forward to a broader view, wouldn’t be appropriate,” she said.
however, the agd representatives did give a nod towards airing the proposal in public — stating they were committed to “an open, transparent and consultative process”.
image credit: adrian van leen, royalty free
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ðə ˈʤəstɪs dɪˈpɑrtmənt sɛd ˈʤərmən lɔz ˈaʊˌtlɔɪŋ du nɑt ˈkɑnstəˌtut ˌpərsəˈkjuʃən ənd ðeɪ wɔnt ə ˈʤərmən ˈfæməli kɪkt aʊt əv ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ə ˈbrifɪŋ faɪld ɪn ə haɪ ˈproʊˌfaɪl əˈsaɪləm keɪs. goʊl ɪn ˈʤərməni ɪz fər ən ˈoʊpən, ˌplʊrəˈlɪstɪk society,”*,” ðə ˈʤəstɪs dɪˈpɑrtmənt brif steɪts ɪn ðɛr ˈbætəl əˈgɛnst ðə ˈfæməli. ˈtɑlərəns tɪ ˈʧɪldrən əv ɔl ˈbækˌgraʊndz hɛlps tɪ dɪˈvɛləp ðə əˈbɪləˌti tɪ ˌɪnərˈækt ɛz ə ˈfʊli ˈfəŋkʃənɪŋ ˈsɪtɪzən ɪn germany.”*.” ˈʤərməni həz ə ˈnæʃənəl lɔ rikˈwaɪərɪŋ ˈʧɪldrən tɪ ˈiðər əˈtɛnd ˈpəblɪk skul ər ə ˈpraɪvət skul. ðə hæd ɔˈrɛdi bɪn faɪnd ənd ˈʤərmən pəˈlis wəns ˈfɔrsəbli ɛˈskɔrtɪd ðɛr faɪv ˈʧɪldrən tɪ skul. ðeɪ wər ˈnoʊtəˌfaɪd ðət ðeɪ kʊd ˈəltəmətli luz ˈkəstədi ɪf ðeɪ kənˈtɪnjud tɪ hoʊm skul. ðə hoʊm skul ˈligəl dɪˈfɛns əˌsoʊʃiˈeɪʃən ɪz ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnɪŋ ðə ˈfæməli ɪn ðɛr ˈbætəl tɪ stɑrt ə nu laɪf ɪn ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts ˈivɪn ɛz ðə ˌoʊˈbɑmə ædˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃən siks tɪ hæv ðə ˌivænˈʤɛlɪkəl ˈkrɪsʧɪn ˈfæməli dɪˈpɔrtəd. ðə ˈfæməli wɑz ˌɪˈnɪʃəli ˈgrænɪd əˈsaɪləm, bət ðə dɪˈpɑrtmənt əv ˈʤəstɪs əˈbʤɛktəd ənd dɪˈmændɪd ðə ˈkrɪsʧɪn ˈfæməli bi dɪˈpɔrtəd. ˈʤɛnərəl ˈhoʊldər ɪz traɪɪŋ tɪ sik dɪsˈmɪsəl əv ðɪs keɪs bɪˈkəz hi bɪˈlivz ðət ˈtɑrgətɪŋ spɪˈsɪfɪk grups ɪn ðə neɪm əv ˈtɑlərəns ɪz wɪˈθɪn ðə ˈnɔrməl ləˈʤɪtəmət ˈfəŋkʃənz əv government,”*,” sɛd ˈmaɪkəl ˈfɛrɪs, ˈʧɛrmən əv ðə hoʊm skul ˈligəl dɪˈfɛns əˌsoʊʃiˈeɪʃən. ˈkænɑt bi ðə ˈəltəmət pəˈzɪʃən əv ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts wɪˈθaʊt dɪˈnaɪɪŋ ðə ˈɛsəns əv ɑr kəˈmɪtmənt tɪ liberty.”*.” ɪn ðɛr ˈleɪtəst kɔrt ˈbrifɪŋ, ðə ˈʤəstɪs dɪˈpɑrtmənt ˈrɛfərənst ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl kɔrt ˈrulɪŋz ðət hɛld kʊd nɑt ˈrɛfˌjuz ðə raɪt tɪ ˌɛʤəˈkeɪʃən əv ə ʧaɪld ɔn ðə ˈbeɪsɪs əv ðə parents’*’ kənˈvɪkʃənz, bɪˈkəz ðə ʧaɪld həz ən ˌɪndɪˈpɛndənt raɪt tɪ education.”*.” ðeɪ ˈɔlsoʊ ˈrɛfərənst ə ˈʤərmən kɔrt ˈrulɪŋ ðət steɪts ˈʤɛnərəl ˈpəblɪk həz ə ˈʤəstəˌfaɪd ˈɪntəˌrɛst ɪn ˌkaʊntərˈæktɪŋ ðə dɪˈvɛləpmənt əv rɪˈlɪʤəsli ər ˌfɪləˈsɑfɪkəli ˈmoʊtəˌveɪtəd societies’*’ ənd ɪn ˈɪnəˌgreɪtɪŋ məˈnɔrətiz ɪn ðɪs area.”*.” ˈfɛrɪs sɛd hi ˌəndərˈstænd waɪ ðə dɪˈpɑrtmənt əv ˈʤəstɪs wʊd θɪŋk əˈproʊpriˌeɪt tɪ ˈpənɪʃ ˈfæməliz hu hoʊm skul. traɪɪŋ tɪ prəˈvaɪd ə hoʊm fər ðɪs ˈfæməli hu wʊd ˈəðərˌwaɪz goʊ bæk tɪ ˈfeɪsɪŋ faɪnz, ʤeɪl taɪm ənd ˈfɔrsəbəl rɪˈmuvəl əv ðɛr ˈʧɪldrən bɪˈkəz əv ðɛr rɪˈlɪʤəs kənˈvɪkʃənz əˈbaʊt haʊ ðɛr ˈʧɪldrən ʃʊd bi educated,”*,” ˈfɛrɪs sɛd. ðɛr feɪt ɪz naʊ ɪn ðə hænz əv ðə juz. sɪksθ ˈsərkət kɔrt əv əˈpilz. ə dɪˈsɪʒən kʊd kəm æt ˈɛni taɪm.
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the justice department said german laws outlawing homeschooling do not constitute persecution and they want a german homeschooling family kicked out of the united states, according to a briefing filed in a high profile asylum case.
“the goal in germany is for an open, pluralistic society,” the justice department brief states in their battle against the romeike family. “teaching tolerance to children of all backgrounds helps to develop the ability to interact as a fully functioning citizen in germany.”
germany has a national law requiring children to either attend public school or a government-approved private school.
the romeikes had already been fined and german police once forcibly escorted their five children to school. they were notified that they could ultimately lose custody if they continued to home school.
the home school legal defense association is representing the family in their battle to start a new life in the united states – even as the obama administration seeks to have the evangelical christian family deported.
the family was initially granted asylum, but the department of justice objected and demanded the christian family be deported.
“attorney general holder is trying to seek dismissal of this case because he believes that targeting specific groups in the name of tolerance is within the normal legitimate functions of government,” said michael farris, chairman of the home school legal defense association. “this cannot be the ultimate position of the united states without denying the essence of our commitment to liberty.”
in their latest court briefing, the justice department referenced international court rulings that held “parents could not refuse the right to education of a child on the basis of the parents’ convictions, because the child has an independent right to education.”
they also referenced a german court ruling that states “the general public has a justified interest in counteracting the development of religiously or philosophically motivated ‘parallel societies’ and in integrating minorities in this area.”
farris said he can’t understand why the department of justice would think it’s appropriate to punish families who home school.
“we’re trying to provide a home for this family who would otherwise go back to facing fines, jail time and forcible removal of their children because of their religious convictions about how their children should be educated,” farris said.
their fate is now in the hands of the u.s. sixth circuit court of appeals. a decision could come at any time.
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ɛz ðə ˈvərʧuəl ˌriˈæləˌti (vr*) ˈɪndəstri groʊz, ən ˌɪnˈkrisɪŋ ˈnəmbər əv smɔl ər ˌɪndɪˈpɛndənt ˈstudiˌoʊz ər ɪkˈsplɔrɪŋ ðə ˌpɑsəˈbɪlətiz kriˈeɪtɪd baɪ ðə nu tɛkˈnɑləʤi. wən əv ðoʊz ɪz dɪˈvɛləpmənt ˈstudiˌoʊ, wɪʧ həz ʤɪst ənˈveɪld ɪts fərst ˈtaɪtəl, ˌsaɪˈfaɪ ədˈvɛnʧər ɪkˈspɪriəns fɑr hoʊm. fɑr hoʊm ɪz sɛt ɪn ðə fˈjuʧər əv 2300 wɛr pəˈluʃən ənd ˌoʊvərˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃən həz kriˈeɪtɪd sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt ˈprɑbləmz ɔn ərθ, ˈlivɪŋ ˈmɛni ˈjumən ˈsərʧɪŋ fər ə nu pleɪs tɪ kɔl hoʊm. pleɪərz wɪl ɪnˈgeɪʤ wɪθ ən ˈʃutər ədˈvɛnʧər, wɪθ ðə dɪˈvɛləpmənt tim ˈhoʊpɪŋ tɪ ˌɪntrəˈdus strɔŋ ˌkoʊˈɑˌpərətɪv ˈɛləmənts. pleɪərz wɪl bi ˈeɪbəl tɪ ʧuz frəm fɔr ˈvɛrid ˈkɛrɪktər ˈklæsɪz ənd ˈtrævəl tɪ faɪv ˈdɪfərənt ˈplænəts, ɛnˈkaʊnərɪŋ ˈeɪliən ˌɪnˈhæbɪtənts hu kən ˈiðər hɛlp ər ˈhɪndər pleɪərz ɪn ðɛr ˈmɪʃən. iʧ ˈplænət wɪl ˈfiʧər ɪts oʊn juˈnik ɪnˈvaɪrənmənt tɪ ɪkˈsplɔr, wɪθ ˈmɛni dɪˈstrəktəbəl ˈfiʧərz tɪ dɪˈstrɔɪ. ər ɪkˈstrimli praʊd tɪ əˈnaʊns ɑr geɪm, ˈsəmθɪŋ ðət bɪn ˈwərkɪŋ ɔn sɪns 2015 ɪt wɑz ə hɑrd dɪˈsɪʒən tɪ stɑrt ə ˈprɑʤɛkt, bət wi ər naʊ wən stɛp əˈweɪ frəm biɪŋ ˈeɪbəl tɪ ʃɛr ðə rɪˈzəlts əv ɑr hɑrd wərk, ənd wi sɪnˈsɪrli hoʊp ðə ˈgeɪmɪŋ wərld teɪks ən ˈɪntəˌrɛst ɪn ɑr project.”*.” sɛd ˌæləkˈsændər shevchenko*, ˈsiˌiˈoʊ. fɑr hoʊm ɪz ɪkˈspɛktɪd tɪ kəm tɪ stim ˈərli ˈækˌsɛs səm taɪm ɪn ˈʤænjuˌɛri 2018 fər ðə viv ənd rɪft, wɪθ ən ænˈtɪsəˌpeɪtɪd fʊl riˈlis ˈlɔnʧɪŋ ˌbiˈfɔr ðə ɛnd əv 2018 ðoʊ ə praɪs pɔɪnt həz nɑt jɛt bɪn kənˈfərmd. ðə dɪˈvɛləpmənt tim ər ˈkərəntli ˈwərkɪŋ ɔn kriˈeɪtɪŋ tulz wɪθ ðə eɪm əv ˈfərðər ɪkˈspændɪŋ ðə ˈvɪdioʊˌgeɪm ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə ˈərli ˈækˌsɛs ˈpɪriəd. wɪl brɪŋ ju ˈfərðər nuz ɔn fɑr hoʊm ɛz ɪt bɪˈkəmz əˈveɪləbəl.
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as the virtual reality (vr) industry grows, an increasing number of small or independent studios are exploring the possibilities created by the new technology. one of those is uk-based development studio devcubestudio, which has just unveiled its first vr title, sci-fi adventure experience far home.
far home is set in the future of 2300, where pollution and overpopulation has created significant problems on earth, leaving many human searching for a new place to call home. players will engage with an immersive first-person shooter adventure, with the development team hoping to introduce strong team-based co-operative elements.
players will be able to choose from four varied character classes and travel to five different planets, encountering alien inhabitants who can either help or hinder players in their mission. each planet will feature its own unique environment to explore, with many destructable features to destroy.
“we are extremely proud to announce our game, something that we’ve been working on since 2015. it was a hard decision to start a vr project, but we are now one step away from being able to share the results of our hard work, and we sincerely hope the gaming world takes an interest in our project.” said aleksander shevchenko, devcubestudio ceo.
far home is expected to come to steam early access some time in january 2018, for the htc vive and oculus rift, with an anticipated full release launching before the end of 2018, though a price point has not yet been confirmed. the development team are currently working on creating tools with the aim of further expanding the videogame during the early access period.
vrfocus will bring you further news on far home as it becomes available.
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soʊ wɪn aɪ wɑz æt wərk ˈsəmˌwən æst mi hu maɪ ˈfeɪvərɪt ʃɪpt pɛr wɑz frəm fim*? ənd aɪ wɑz ɔl laɪk, "gʊd kˈwɛʃən ˈtoʊtəli nɑn meɪd ˈrizən tɪ drɔ ðɪs ˈgɑrbɪʤ!" aɪ dru ðɪs bɪˈkəz aɪ ˈwɔntɪd tɪ si wət ˈkələrz wərk bɛst fər wɪʧ ɪz ə juʤ peɪn wɪn jʊr ˈoʊnli ˈwərkɪŋ ɪn aɪ dru ɪt bɪˈkəz aɪ laɪk ʃoʊz əv ðiz ˈkɛrɪktərz, aɪ ˈrɪli doʊnt du ðə hoʊl ˈʃɪpɪŋ θɪŋ soʊ aɪ θɔt aɪ ʤɪst gɪv ɪt ə ʃɑt fər ə ʧeɪnʤ. aɪ juz ðə aɪˈdiə fər spaɪks ˈɑrmər frəm maɪ læst drɔɪŋ əv ɛn ɔl) ənd ʤɪst ˈkɪndə pleɪd əraʊnd wɪθ drɛs wɪθ ə ril "raɪt lʊk" ɪn maɪnd. bət stɪl, aɪ hoʊp ju spaɪk ənd ˈrɛrɪti ənd spaɪk) fænz aʊt ðɛr ˌɛnˈʤɔɪ ðɪs
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