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http://austinoutdoorliving.com/when-my-deck-get-stained/ | How often do I need to Restain my Deck ? by Geoff Frink | Mar 26 , 2010 | Blog Posts Uncategorized How often do I need to Refinish / Stain my wood deck ? Your wood deck will need to be refinished about every 1 1 / 2 to 2 years . . This will depend on many factors such as exposure to sun and the product that you choose for treatment . AOLG uses TWP and Cabot products . . Here is an article from decks . com All wood decks should be stained to protect the wood from ultraviolet sun damage and moisture damage . This will prevent your deck from weather damage including checking and cracking . Decks . com recommends that you use a high quality oil based stain such as WoodDefender . The oil in the stain will help preserve the wood and keep it from drying out . Do n โ t confuse a topical sealer for stain . Sealers only protect the wood from moisture . They do n โ t protect the wood from checking and cracking when the wood dries out . Many Decks . com readers ask us , when should I stain my deck ? For the best results you should stain cedar , redwood , exotic hardwoods , and clear pressure treated decks soon as possible after the deck is built and every Spring | [
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http://austintexas.gov/department/financial-services | Home Services Programs Divisions FAQ Financial Services Budget Office The Budget Office is responsible for monitoring the financial performance for all City departments . Contact : 512 - 974 - 2610 | 301 West Second Street , Third Floor , Austin , TX 78701 City Controller โ s Office The City Controller ' s Office provides financial information and support to employees and vendors for services provided . Contact : 512 - 974 - 2600 | 124 West Eighth Street , Suite 140 , Austin , TX 78701 Purchasing Office The Purchasing Office is responsible for managing the procurement of goods and services for the entire City . : 512 - 974 - 2500 | 124 West Eighth Street , Suite 308 , Austin , TX 78701 Treasury Office The Treasury Office is responsible for managing the City โ s cash resources , investments and debt . : 512 - 974 - 7890 | 700 Lavaca Street , Suite 940 , Austin , TX 78701 Unclaimed Property Every year , various departments of the City of Austin report unclaimed cash and valuables , from uncashed checks , deposits , refunds , overpayments or any other transactions creating a credit balance valued at $ 100 or less . : 512 - 974 - 7890 Austin Finance Online The City ' s Finance Department provides an online resource for all its financial documents and procedures . Visit Austin Finance Online to access these resources . Recent News September 21 , 2018 Rating agencies reaffirm highest bond rating for Austin | [
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http://austinurologyinstitute.com/procedures/bladder-tumor-resection/ | Bladder Tumor Resection Procedures Artificial Urinary Sphincter Bladder Tumor Resection CT Scan Cystoscopy da Vinci Prostatectomy da Vinci Pyeloplasty da Vinci Sacrocolpopexy da Vinci Partial Nephrectomy Hydrocelectomy Kidney Transplant Surgery & Kidney Failure Penile Prosthesis Prostate Biopsy Shaw Advanced Robotic Prostatectomy Shockwave Lithotripsy Single Incision Surgery Telemedicine TURP Ureteroscopy Urolift Vasectomy Book a Visit Print Page Many people are diagnosed with bladder cancer each year . We tell my patients that bladder tumor resection is often curative , but it also provides information and a diagnosis in terms of aggressiveness of the tumor , chances of cure and recurrence . Bladder Tumor Resection Information Transurethral Resection of Bladder Tumor Pre - Procedure Post Procedure Bowels Activity Catheter Diet and Fluid Expected Signs and Symptoms Follow - up Long Term Transurethral Resection of Bladder Tumor No incisions ! That โ s the good part . The entire procedure is done under general anesthesia ( asleep ) via the urethra ( penis ) . We now utilize state - of - the - art high definition cameras to visualize the bladder . We then use plasma - vaporization devices to basically remove the bladder tumor . The best way to think of a bladder tumor is that it is a weed . Just like weeds , there are weeds with superficial roots that you can pluck right out , and there are weeds with deep roots For superficial tumors , TURBT is often curative ( fully treated ) . For deeper tumors , further treatment is necessary . For some patients , at the conclusion of the case , we utilize a medicine such as Mitomycin - C ( I call it my version of weed - killer ) to reduce the chance of bladder tumor recurrence . TURBT is usually performed in the hospital or outpatient surgical center , and takes approximately 1 hour . Pre - Procedure It is critical that you stop any Aspirin , Coumadin , Plavix , or other blood thinners one week before TURBT . Please call our office should you have any questions about this . The night before your procedure , you may eat and drink as usual . However , do not take anything by mouth after 12 : 00 midnight the night before . Wear comfortable , loose - fitting clothing like a jogging suit on the day of your procedure . Bring a list of all the prescription and nonprescription medications that you take regularly with you on Please plan to arrive two hours prior to your treatment . The TURBT usually takes approximately 1 hour , and Dr . Shaw will come and speak to your family afterwards . Upon wakening from the procedure , you will have a catheter draining your bladder . I have yet to meet a person who likes having a catheter , but relax , the catheter typically will remain for 3 - 5 days and then removed in clinic . Because we have effectively removed a small part of the bladder with the tumor removal , this needs to heal , or seal back up . A catheter for a few days accomplishes this . It is common for the catheter to drain pink or red urine . Just as Kool - Aid can turn water red with just a small amount of coloring , just a small amount of blood turns the urine red . If there are clots , or more significant blood in the urine , Dr . Shaw may opt to keep you in the hospital overnight and discharge you in the morning . You will be given full instructions from our nurse on how to manage , and drain the foley catheter bag when it gets full . It is not unusual to have a sensation of wanting to urinate , or to have bladder spasms after surgery . This usually goes away within 1 - 2 days . You may occasionally notice a small amount of urine leak around the catheter , and this is normal . Post Procedure After the procedure , patients may have a variety of minor issues . Although many patients may do fine with no issues , some patients may experience minor , temporary issues such as noticing burning with urination , frequent urination , small clots , or pink / red colored urine , or occasional discomfort that radiates from the kidney to the bladder . Again , these usually tend to be minor issues , and resolve within 1 - 2 days after the procedure . Definitely rest up for a day or two after a TURBT . Drink at least 6 For pain , Advil ยฎ , Motrin ยฎ , or prescription Toradol ยฎ work great โ dependent upon your doctor โ s advice . Never take a medication without clearing it with your doctor first . These are non - narcotic , so you do n โ t get sleepy , constipated or have other issues ; however they are great anti - inflammatories . Take them on a regular basis the first 2 - 3 days after the procedure . For pain not relieved by these medications , use the prescription Tylenol with Codeine or Vicodin that was prescribed Bowels Do not strain when having a bowel movement . Expect irregular bowel habits until fully recovered . Increase fiber in your diet . You may need a stool softener or laxative . Do not take blood thinners or aspirin products for one week or as directed by your physician . Activity Take it easy for the first 48 hours after the procedure . Do not drive or operate dangerous equipment for 48 hours following anesthesia . You may be able to resume non - strenuous activities after 48 hours unless otherwise directed by your physician . Avoid strenuous exercise , heavy lifting greater than 20 pounds , bike riding , and yard work for two weeks , as the vibrations and movement may cause bleeding . No sexual activity for two weeks after surgery . Catheter You will need a catheter to drain your bladder , depending upon the extent of your surgery . Catheters generally are removed within a few days in the Urology Clinic . Wash around the catheter with soap and water and rinse well . You may shower , but avoid baths until the catheter is removed . Diet and Fluid Avoid coffee , tea , carbonated beverages , alcoholic beverages , citrus juices , spicy foods and smoking for the first month week following surgery . Increase your intake of fluids , particularly water โ at least 6 - 8 glasses of water are typically recommended during the first two weeks of your recovery . Expected Signs and Symptoms You may experience urinary urgency and / or frequency for the first month following surgery . This is normal . Talk to your doctor to discuss medications that may relieve this . You may have a small amount of bleeding with urination on occasion . This may be accompanied with small blood clots . This is normal , and should be relieved by increasing your fluid intake . You may experience some mild burning and discomfort during urination . This is normal and should subside in one to two to four weeks . Follow - up Usually , Dr . Shaw or his staff will communicate to you a desired followup time frame . Please call us the day after the procedure to verify a time to see us in the office , and to remove your catheter . Long Term The only problem with bladder tumors , is that just like weeds , they have a nasty habit of coming back . The problem is that the source of the bladder tumor , which 90 % of the time is associated with smoking , has affected the entire bladder . And those effects are long lasting . That means that we place each of our patients through a very rigorous , scientifically validated protocol for surveillance of tumor recurrence . The great news is that bladder cancer , when detected early , and managed properly , can be managed with | [
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http://australia-banks-info.com/bsb-numbers/bank-of-melbourne-bsb-numbers/193-879/ | BSB Number 193879 Details of BSB Number 193879 of Bank of Melbourne a Div of Westpac Banking Corp Financial Institute Name Bank of Melbourne a Div of Westpac Banking Corp Financial Institute Code BOM BSB Name Bank of Melbourne BSB Number 193879 BSB Address Level 8 530 Collins Street CitySuburbTown Melbourne State VIC Postcode 3000 Payment Systems PEH Map Directions Get driving directions to Bank of Melbourne of Bank of Melbourne a Div of Westpac Banking Corp in Melbourne VIC Get Driving Directions Bank of Melbourne a Div of Westpac Banking Corp MelbourneVIC List of Bank of Melbourne a Div of Westpac Banking Corp routing numbers in Melbourne VIC 193879 193901 193902 193907 193908 193911 193921 197907 197911 197921 553018 553030 553035 553041 553109 553127 553138 553139 553140 553142 553155 553182 553521 553540 553551 553552 553555 553612 553620 553621 553622 553625 553996 553998 553999 | [
"BSB",
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http://australia-sydney.net/index.html | Welcome to Sydney Australia Sydney , many people worldwide know the name and have the famous opera house in mind as shown above when thinking about it , but there is much more to see and to do as we will show you on this website . But before we go on with telling you more about this site just some general information about Sydney . Sydney , state capital of NSW , is with a population of approximately 4.4 million the largest city in Australia . The city is often called " the Harbour City " because the many boats that go for anchor at one of the city harbours . Sydney was the first British colony in Australia and was established in the year 1788 by Arthur Phillip , commodore of the 1st . British fleet at a location called Sydney Cove . The history of the Sydney region goes actually back in time for at least 30.000 years . The first indigenous Australians who lived there centuries ago in Sydney cove are the Cadigal people . These aboriginal Australians as Cadigal people are also called where living from the south or Port Jackson to Petersham region . The city is surrounded by many nature parks , beautiful bays with boats and rivers so it is a true paradise for nature lovers who like water sports like sailing , scuba diving , jet skying or water skying behind a motorboat . The famous Sydney Opera House with his unique shape and Harbour Bridge are just some of the city most recognisable structures that are shown on many Sydney tourist information sheets bought at local stores . Sydney is known for warm summers and cool winters and rainfall possibilities during all weather seasons . With January as the warmest month and average daily temperatures of 27 Degrees Celsius and July as the coldest month with average daily temperatures of 10 Degrees Celsius tourist can actually travel to Sydney when they find the temperature most convenient for them . There are many ways of transportation in Sydney . By car , as most residents do is probably the fastest way as the nine metro ads or primary road routes do bring you everywhere fast . Besides that Sydney does also offer also a very extensive train , bus or ferry network to get to any point of the city for a fair price . In case your in a hurry a Taxi might be the best solution as its faster then public transportation but more costly too . This website will show you a collection of pictures from Sydney and each picture comes with relevant information about what it is , where it is and the history of it . Especially for students this might be usefull but also for people who are planning to visit Sydney in the near future . We are not only showing you pictures of the city itself but also the area just outside the city like Balmoral Island , an island paradise just 10 Km drive from Sydney โ s business district or Botany bay a white sand beach near Sydney . Just check it out for yourself . | [
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http://australian-people-records.com/Mobile-Number-Search.php | Mobile Phone Number Directory Find a Mobile Number by Name in Australia Mobile phone number search is sometimes a required procedure especially when you know someone ' s name , but you have forgotten , lost , misplaced , did n ' t retrieve his or her phone number . For example , let ' s say that you met someone at a party , and you succeeded to get his or her name , but did n ' t get the person ' s phone number . Well , you should know that you have now all you need in order to give this person a call ! Most people do The only thing you ' ve left to do now is sit back , and run a simple and quick search query for Australian mobile numbers , and that in order to find the relevant information from a vast repository of records existing in the Australian people records database . It is important to understand that the Internet can compensate for absent - mindedness , and if you tried , but did n ' t get a phone number you wanted , at the club last night , for instance , the tools which are available today on the Internet can help you to track someone easily and in less than 60 seconds . Access Records By Phone Number The service of mobile phone number search which is available in several countries and websites around the world is a kind of way of accessing people ' s public records , this service provides a lot of benefits to people who want to know how to contact people or even friends that from their past that they forgot or never had the chance to exchange contact information with . These phone directories websites allow users to put in a name and run a quick search for a person ' s mobile phone number The service of a mobile phone number search is a new and innovative online application with which one can access one of the leading mobile phone numbers directory on centralized databases on specific Australian websites . If you think about it for a second , you ' ll find out that today most people are not aware that running an online phone number search query is such a simple task due to the fact that this is a service provided online ( which is completely legal ) , and one just need the most basic details , such as someone ' s first and last name in order to use this great online tool and retrieve the required information in less than two minutes from the moment you decided you need information . Please note that by running a simple and quick search query you will be able to easily track the desired information about a specific Australian individual , meaning you ' ll have the option to view the relevant file conveniently from your computer , tablet or mobile device ( without having to leave home or office ) . What Does a Public Record Include ? Public records are pieces of information collected over the years by local , state , and federal government agencies . These files are available to the public to search without the need to explain or tell a person what are the real reasons for running a specific search or why an individual is interested to get a query results . One of the most popular services available by using this unique website is the service called phone number search Australia which is a great way to find your mates , people you know from your past and much more , plus , people should know that there are some particularly great services ( in Australia ) which work with the Australian mobile phone registry . Australian mobile numbers are available for people to search through in many cases , and a specific mobile phone number search in an Australian database can help someone to find a lost friend , he or she met on their trip to Australia a few years back , or rather track an old school friend Sometimes , one may know a cousin or a relative , an old friend or an associate , or someone that he or she had a crush on back in the day , but the only way to access these people would be by running a search query for their mobile phone number . Easy & Quick Use The service which is being used by most of the Australian citizens is called " A mobile phone number directory Australia " , this service can be easily and efficiently used through a central access website . Researches show that you really do n ' t want to go looking into a mobile phone number directory on your own , or without using the medium of a cleverly designed website as a go - between . A mobile number search is best facilitated by an online website , thus most of the searches are being done online . The service called " mobile directory Australia " which is available and offered to the public online is cleanly and uniformly organized like any mobile directory , but there are several Australian websites that make it even easier to search for a person ' s mobile phone number by offering the possibility to run the search by the phone owner ' s name . So , what do you need to do now in order to start your search ? Well , all you have to do is to just enter a name in the search box above , and press the search button in order to find out how easy it is to search for someone ' s mobile phone number . | [
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http://australianfood.about.com/od/salads/r/QuinoaSalad.htm | Australian Food Seafood Mains Salads Tuna Recipes Citrus Recipes Quinoa , Tuna , and Chickpea Salad By Syrie Wongkaew Updated 03 / 12 / 19 Total : 40 mins Prep : 10 mins Cook : 30 mins Yield : 2 Portions ( 2 Servings ) 6 ratings Add a comment Nutritional Guidelines ( per serving ) 1082 Calories 30g Fat 145g Carbs 69g Protein See Full Nutritional Guidelines ( Nutrition information is calculated using an ingredient database and should be considered an estimate . ) This tasty quinoa , tuna , and chickpea salad recipe is a firm favorite in my household . Fluffy quinoa is tossed with canned tuna , chickpeas , baby spinach , cilantro , mint , celery , spring onions , and baby tomatoes . The dressing is a combination of extra - virgin olive oil , lemon juice , and garlic . The flavors are wonderful and with all of that protein , the salad easily makes a meal in itself . Ingredients For the Dressing : 1 medium clove garlic ( grated ) 2 tablespoons olive oil extra - virgin 2 tablespoons lemon juice ( freshly squeezed ) Pinch sea salt For the Salad : 1 / 2 cup quinoa 2 cups water ( divided ) 1 / 2 teaspoon sea salt 7 ounces / 200 milliliters water - packed tuna ( 1 can , drained ) 2 cups baby spinach ( loosely packed ) 14 ounces / 400 milliliters chickpeas ( 1 can , rinsed & drained ) 1 / 3 cup celery ( finely chopped ) 1 / 3 cup cilantro ( coriander leaves , chopped ) 1 / 3 cup mint ( chopped ) 2 spring onions ( finely sliced ) 8 cherry tomatoes ( or baby tomatoes , quartered ) Show Full Recipe | [
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http://australianmuseum.net.au/segmented-worms-the-polychaetes | Discover & Learn Animal factsheets Worms Segmented worms - The Polychaetes Segmented worms - The Polychaetes Updated 12 / 04 / 19 Read time 10 minutes On this page . . . Polychaetes What is a polychaete worm ? Polychaete evolution Classifying polychaetes Where do polychaetes live ? Protection and predation How do polychaetes reproduce ? How are polychaetes found and identified ? Polychaetes as marine pest Originally classified within the Phylum Annelida , together with the earth - worms ( Class Oligochaeta ) and the leeches ( Class Hirudinea ) , recent studies have failed to show that the annelids are a monophyletic group . This means that currently , the term โ polychaetes โ should be used , rather than โ Annelida โ . Polychaetes now include all the traditional polychaete families as well as the leeches , earthworms , and the siboglinids , sometimes known as โ beard worms โ . What is a polychaete worm ? Polychaete worms are segmented invertebrates that have bodies consisting of : two presegmental regions : the prostomium and peristomium ( the ' head ' region ) a segmented trunk ( the ' body ' ) a postsegmental pygidium ( the ' tail ' region ) The body wall consists of circular and longitudinal muscle layers enclosing a body coelom ( fluid - filled space ) . Usually , poychaetes have a well defined head with sensory and / or feeding appendages , followed by numerous body segments that may be divided into thoracic and abdominal regions . Typically , each segment has a pair of parapodia - ' feet ' - with chaetae ( bristles ) . Polychaete body shapes are as diverse as their lifestyles , and are adapted to the habitats that they live in . For example , species that burrow through sediments ( like the capitellids ) tend to have few , if any , sensory or feeding appendages and reduced parapodia ; in contrast , nereidids that crawl actively over the substrate ( bottom ) have well developed sensory appendages and parapodia . Polychaete evolution Traditionally , polychaetes consist of about 72 families and these are grouped into a series of clades . Clade is the preferred term to assigning them an actual taxonomic rank ( such as order ) as the relationships among clades , and in some cases even their exact composition , are still being debated . The lack of a good fossil record for polychaetes , because they are soft - bodied worms that do n ' t often leave useful fossils , means that evolutionary relationships can be hard to determine . However it is clear that they are an old group , with some fossil polychaetes known from the Ediacaran period ( around 580 โ 545 million years ago ) . Since that time , many polychaetes would have evolved and become extinct , making today โ s polychaetes the descendants of a very ancient lineage . Classifying polychaetes Many morphological ( external ) characters , while closely resembling each other , may not necessarily indicate that species are closely related ( i.e. are homologous structures - look the same , but arise from different origins ) . Instead , these features may have evolved over long periods of time in response to the similar environments in which the species live . So , while similar terms have been used across the families to describe particular traits , they may not represent homologous structures . This makes the coding of characters for phylogenetic ( relationships ) analysis difficult . Few polychaetes have common names , so it is more common , and more useful , to use scientific names when discussing families , genera and species . Closer to arthropods or molluscs ? Not only are the relationships within the polychaetes still being actively debated , but also the relationships of these segmented worms to other invertebrate groups . For many years , polychaetes were thought to be most closely related to the arthropods ( insects , spiders etc ) , based upon the presence of segmentation in both groups . Recently , however , it has been shown that they may be closer to molluscs ( snails , slugs , squid et . c . ) . Polychaetes remain one of the last large groups of invertebrates for which a widely accepted Where do polychaetes live ? Polychaetes occur throughout the world in all habitats from the supralittoral ( above the shore line ) to the deepest parts of the ocean . They are predominantly marine or estuarine but a few species occur in moist terrestrial environments . Most are free living although some are commensal or parasitic . Currently over 13 000 polychaete species have been described worldwide and many more remain to be described . They range from species a few millimetres or less in length with few segments to those many centimetres in length and hundreds of segments . Many benthic ( seafloor ) marine communities are dominated by polychaetes , not only in the overall number of species but also by the sheer number of individuals present . In estuarine environments with fluctuating salinity levels , the species diversity is lower , but individual worms may be abundant . On coral reefs such as the Great Barrier Reef , polychaetes are diverse and abundant in inter - reef sediments and also as borers or nestlers in dead coral substrate . Some polychaete families , such as the serpulids , always live in calcareous tubes that are firmly attached to hard substrates or to other organisms such as algae , seagrasses , molluscs or crab carapaces . The plankton around the reef contains pelagic ( free - living ) adults , as well as the larval stages of many species , are also found in the reefal plankton . In Ecosystem services Reef polychaetes are important at all levels of the ecosystem . Many of those living in the substratum are important because they play a major role in ' bioturbation ' , which is the breaking down of organic sedimentary matter as it passes through their bodies ; others also shred plant material , making it more available to other living things . Other polychaete species found on the reef are active carnivores , such as the large fire worms commonly found underneath boulders or rubble at the base of reefs . Polychaetes are also abundant in seagrass beds and mangrove areas , where large concentrations of organic matter accumulate from shed leaves . On intertidal reef flats , these soft - bodied worms are an important food source for wading birds at low tide , and for fish and crustaceans at high tide . The distribution of polychaetes is largely dependent on the type of substrate present . For example : the size and type of sediment for burrowers the presence of suitable reef substrate for the borers and nestlers hard substrates for the encrusting species to settle on suitable algal substrate for species that live in seaweed Additional factors such as exposure and water currents are important for filter - feeding organisms . Species living in sediments need to have stable sediments , so high energy beach environments are typically low in the number of species and individuals . Protection and predation As all polychaetes are soft - bodied , they need protection from predators . This is achieved either by secreting a tube into which they can rapidly retract or by living in habitats where they can burrow and avoid predators . A few species have developed additional anti - predator strategies . For example , the numerous spiny chaetae ( bristles ) of amphinomids may make them unpalatable to fish and other predators . However , fish and bird gut contents reveal that polychaetes are an important prey item for many species and , even when buried in sediments , polychaetes can be preyed upon , providing an easily digestible and abundant food source . How do polychaetes reproduce ? Polychaetes exhibit an amazing diversity of reproductive strategies , including both sexual and asexual reproduction . While most polychaetes are dioecious ( males and females separate ) , some species are hermaphrodites ( possess both male and female organs ) , and others may be males at particular times of their life and then become females later . Polychaetes may live for a few weeks or months to many years . Some breed continuously over several months , while others are restricted to spawning on a single day . Some species mate actively , with the male fertilising the eggs as they are laid and , in some cases , the fertilised eggs are then placed under the scales . In some tube - dwellers , the eggs are brooded within their tubes , or placed in the chamber below the operculum , while others lay their fertilised eggs in brood capsules that are then attached to the substrate where development occurs . In some cases , the developing embryos are cannibals , eating some of the other embryos , but in other cases the large yolky eggs have Other species are broadcast spawners with gametes being released into the water column where fertilisation occurs . The fertilised eggs develop into free swimming larvae , or trochophores , that spend from a few hours to many weeks in the plankton before settling and metamorphosing into adult worms . Some larvae feed while in the plankton while other species , which produce large yolky eggs , do not . Most of the terebellids , for example , produce large yolky eggs and the pelagic larval stage is almost non - existent . Instead , crawling bottom - dwelling larvae are How are polychaetes found and identified ? It is not easy to see many polychaetes while diving , but sometimes the tentacles of some species can be seen spread over the substrate , or the expanded branchial crowns of sabellids and serpulids . At night more tentacles can be seen spreading out over the substrate or outstretched , fishing , in the water column , but all can rapidly retract back into their burrows when disturbed . However , polychaete diversity is revealed when sediment samples are collected and sorted under the microscope , or when pieces of dead coral substrate are split open to reveal borers Polychaetes as marine pest Marine species are being transported accidently around the world via ballast water and as hull fouling organisms on ships . While some of the species introduced never become established in their new environment , some species prosper and become pests . A range of animals have become marine pests including several species of polychaetes and it is very difficult to eradicate such species once they have become established . Just think of how much time and money has been spent trying to eradicate rabbits or cane toads on the land , imagine how much more difficult it is to eliminate Pat Hutchings has been involved in various port surveys which have been conducted around Australia to identify introduced species . Correct identification of the fauna is critical and in many areas the native fauna is poorly documented . It is not always easy to distinguish between introduced species and undescribed native species , and some of the work which Pat and Maria Capa are undertaking is trying to resolve some of these questions and often requires using both morphological and molecular characters . worm worms Polychaetes | [
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http://australianpolitics.com/ | Women Members Of The House Of Representatives Since 1901 There have been 116 women elected to the House of Representatives since 1901 . Of these 116 members , 71 ( 61.20 % ) have been members of the ALP , whilst 37 ( 31.89 % ) have been from the United Australia Party or Liberal Party . The Nationals have had 3 ( 2.58 % ) members , including one Country Liberal member from the Northern Territory and one Liberal National member from Queensland who each sat with the Nationals . There have been three independent members , including one independent Labor member , and one representative of the Nick Xenophon Team . Of the 45 House of Representatives elections since 1901 , no women were elected in 25 ( 55.6 % ) . It was n โ t until the seventeenth election in 1943 that Dame Enid Lyons ( UAP / Lib ) became the first woman to be elected to the House . Concurrently , Dorothy Tangney ( ALP ) won election as the first female senator . Doris Blackburn ( Independent Labour ) was elected to the House in 1946 . There were no women elected to the House in the 1950s and just one each in the 1960s ( Kay Brownbill ) and 1970s ( Joan Child ) . The 1977 federal election was the last time no women were elected to the House . Nine were elected in the 1980s . In the 1990s , 41 women were elected for the first time , whilst another 25 joined the House in the 2000s . In the three elections from 2010 , including by - elections , another 37 women have been elected for the first time . Reflecting the recent increase in female representation , 46 ( 39.65 % ) of the 116 female members since Federation are currently serving . Only 8 ( 6.89 % ) of the 116 have died . Of the 71 former female members , 36 ( 50.7 % ) were defeated at an election . Sharryn Jackson was defeated , re - elected and defeated again . Joan Child Fran Bailey and Teresa Gambaro were each defeated , re - elected , and then retired . Of the 71 former female members , 33 ( 46.4 % ) ultimately chose their own time to retire . Four women left the House after losing a preselection or retiring in the face of a denial of preselection . One member ( Jackie Kelly ) was disqualified under Section 44 of the Constitution but was comfortably re - elected and went on to win four terms . Six of the 116 women have also served in the Senate , four before entering the House ( Kathy Sullivan / Martin , Bronwyn Bishop , Cheryl Kernot and Belinda Neal ) , and two after leaving the House ( Deborah O โ Neill Pauline Hanson ) . Six of the 116 women have served in state parliaments . Dr Carmen Lawrence ( WA ) and Jill Hall ( NSW ) served in the federal parliament after leaving state parliament , whilst Silvia Smith ( Tas ) , Michelle O โ Byrne ( Tas ) and Yvette D โ Ath ( Qld ) served first in the House . The ALP โ s Allanah MacTiernan ( WA ) served as a member and a minister at the state level before completing one term in the House and then returning as a member and minister at the state level . The oldest currently serving female is Jane Prentice ( Lib - Ryan ) , 65 . The youngest is Clare O โ Neil ( ALP - Hotham ) , 38 . The oldest former female member of the House is Jeannette McHugh ( ALP - Phillip / Grayndler ) , 84 . The youngest former members are Fiona Scott ( Lib - Lindsay ) , 42 , and Laura Smyth ( ALP - La Trobe ) , 42 . The most recent newly - elected woman is Dr Kerryn Phelps , who won the Wentworth by - election as an independent on October 20 , 2018 . Ged Kearney retained Batman for the ALP at a by - election on March 17 , 2018 . At by - elections on July 28 , 2018 , Justine Keay ( Braddon ) , Susan Lamb ( Longman ) and Rebekha Sharkie ( Mayo ) were re - elected , following their resignations due to breaches of Section 44 of the Constitution . The table below lists each woman by the date of her first election to the House . It also shows details of those who also served in the Senate or other parliaments . Where members have left the House , the reason for departure is shown . Women Senators Since 1901 Women in the 45th Parliament ( 2016 ) Women Members of the House of Representatives Since 1901 No . Name Party Seat Term Began Term Ended Reason Birth Death Age 1 . ( Dame ) Enid Lyons UAP / Lib Darwin ( Tas ) 21.08.1943 19.03.1951 retired 09.07.1897 02.09.1981 84 2 . Doris Blackburn Ind Lab Bourke ( Vic ) 28.09.1946 10.12.1949 defeated 18.09.1889 12.12.1970 81 3 . Kay Brownbill Lib Kingston ( SA ) 26.11.1966 25.10.1969 defeated 21.07.1914 03.02.2002 87 4 . ALP Henty ( Vic ) 18.05.1974 18.10.1980 13.12.1975 19.02.1990 retired 03.08.1921 23.02.2013 91 5 . Elaine Darling ALP Lilley ( Qld ) 18.10.1980 08.02.1993 retired 06.06.1936 82 6 . Ros Kelly Canberra ( ACT ) 18.10.1980 30.01.1995 25.01.1948 71 7 . Wendy Fatin Canning ( WA ) Brand ( WA ) 05.03.1983 01.12.1984 01.12.1984 29.01.1996 10.04.1941 78 8 . Jeannette McHugh Phillip ( NSW ) Grayndler ( NSW ) 05.03.1983 13.03.1993 13.03.1993 29.01.1996 18.12.1934 84 9 . Helen Mayer Chisholm ( Vic ) 11.07.1987 07.09.1932 07.02.2008 75 10 . Carolyn Jakobsen Cowan ( WA ) 01.12.1984 13.03.1993 11.09.1947 11 . Kathy Sullivan ( Martin ) Lib Senate ( Qld ) Moncrieff ( Qld ) 18.05.1974 01.12.1984 05.11.1984 08.10.2001 08.03.1942 77 12 . Mary Crawford Forde ( Qld ) 11.07.1987 02.03.1996 12.04.1947 72 13 . Elizabeth Harvey Hawker ( SA ) 24.03.1990 19.10.1946 72 14 . Fran Bailey McEwen ( Vic ) 24.03.1990 02.03.1996 19.07.2010 retired 21.05.1946 15 . Janice Crosio Prospect ( NSW ) 31.10.2004 03.01.1939 80 16 . Christine Gallus Hawker ( SA ) Hindmarsh ( SA ) 13.03.1993 31.08.2004 06.04.1943 76 17 . Maggie Deahm Macquarie ( NSW ) 02.03.1996 31.10.1938 28.12.2015 77 18 . Mary Easson Lowe ( NSW ) 16.06.1955 63 19 . Marjorie Henzell Capricornia ( Qld ) 21.09.1948 70 20 . Judi Moylan Pearce ( WA ) 05.08.2013 24.02.1944 75 21 . Silvia Smith Bass ( Tas ) MLC Windermere 1997 2003 22.12.1939 79 22 . Trish Worth Adelaide ( SA ) 09.10.2004 21.04.1946 23 . Dr Carmen Lawrence MLA East Melville MLA Subiaco MLA Glenalough Fremantle ( WA ) 1983 1986 1989 12.03.1994 1986 1989 1994 17.10.2007 new seat new seat resigned 02.03.1948 24 . Bronwyn Bishop Senate ( NSW ) Mackellar ( NSW ) 26.03.1994 24.02.1994 09.05.2016 resigned preselection 19.10.1942 76 25 . Trish Draper Makin ( SA ) 24.11.2007 02.04.1959 60 26 . Annette Ellis Namadgi ( ACT ) Canberra ( ACT ) 03.10.1998 03.10.1998 19.07.2010 13.10.1946 27 . Kay Elson Forde ( Qld ) 17.10.2007 25.01.1947 28 . Teresa Gambaro Petrie ( Qld ) Brisbane ( Qld ) 21.08.2010 24.11.2007 09.05.2016 29.11.1958 60 29 . Joanna Gash Gilmore ( NSW ) 05.08.2013 21.07.1944 74 30 . Elizabeth Grace Lilley ( Qld ) 03.10.1998 27.05.1940 78 31 . Pauline Hanson IND PHON Oxley ( Qld ) Senate ( Qld ) 02.07.2016 27.05.1954 64 32 . Susan Jeanes Kingston ( SA ) 24.02.1958 61 33 . Ricky Johnston Canning ( WA ) 29.10.1943 34 . De - Anne Kelly Nat Dawson ( Qld ) 21.03.1954 65 35 . Jackie Kelly Lindsay ( NSW ) 19.10.1996 11.09.1996 17.10.2007 disqualified 18.02.1964 55 36 . Jenny Macklin Jagajaga ( Vic ) 29.12.1953 65 37 . Dr Sharman Stone Murray ( Vic ) 09.05.2016 23.04.1951 67 38 . Danna Vale Hughes ( NSW ) 19.07.2010 14.11.1944 74 39 . Andrea West Bowman ( Qld ) 16.09.1952 20.04.2010 57 40 . Julie Bishop Curtin ( WA ) 17.07.1956 62 41 . Anna Burke Chisholm ( Vic ) 09.05.2016 01.01.1966 53 42 . Jane Gerick 10.11.2001 23.04.1963 25.12.2003 40 43 . Julia Gillard Lalor ( Vic ) 29.09.1961 57 44 . Jill Hall MLA Swansea Shortland ( NSW ) 25.03.1995 03.10.1998 01.09.1998 resigned 16.11.1949 69 45 . Kelly Hoare Charlton ( NSW ) 17.10.2007 01.07.1963 55 46 . Kay Hull Nat Riverina ( NSW ) 19.07.2010 03.02.1954 47 . Julia Irwin Fowler ( NSW ) 08.11.1951 67 48 . Cheryl Kernot Senate ( Qld ) Dickson ( Qld ) 01.07.1990 15.10.1997 10.11.2001 defeated 05.12.1948 70 49 . Kirsten Livermore Capricornia ( Qld ) 10.11.1969 49 50 . Margaret May McPherson ( Qld ) 30.06.1950 68 51 . Jann McFarlane Stirling ( WA ) 09.10.2004 22.05.1944 52 . Michelle O โ Byrne Bass ( Tas ) MHA Bass ( Tas ) 18.03.2006 06.03.1968 51 53 . Tanya Plibersek Sydney ( NSW ) 02.12.1969 49 54 . Nicola Roxon Gellibrand ( Vic ) 01.04.1967 52 55 . Ann Corcoran Isaacs ( Vic ) 12.08.2000 preselection 21.09.1951 56 . Leonie Short Ryan ( Qld ) 17.03.2001 10.11.2001 01.01.1956 63 57 . Jennie George Throsby ( NSW ) 28.08.1947 58 . Sharon Grierson Newcastle ( NSW ) 04.05.1951 59 . Sharryn Jackson Hasluck ( WA ) 24.11.2007 21.08.2010 defeated 12.02.1962 60 . Catherine King Ballarat ( Vic ) 02.06.1966 52 61 . Sussan Ley Farrer ( NSW ) 14.12.1961 62 . Sophie Panopoulos ( Mirabella ) Indi ( Vic ) 07.09.2013 27.10.1968 50 63 . Maria Vamvakinou Calwell ( Vic ) 04.01.1959 64 . Sharon Bird Cunningham ( NSW ) 15.11.1962 56 65 . Justine Elliot Richmond ( NSW ) 29.07.1967 51 66 . Kate Ellis Adelaide ( SA ) 22.09.1977 41 67 . Louise Markus Greenway ( NSW ) Macquarie ( NSW ) 21.08.2010 02.07.2016 06.09.1958 68 . Julie Owens Parramatta ( NSW ) 17.10.1958 69 . Jodie Campbell preselection 18.01.1972 47 70 . Julie Collins Franklin ( Tas ) 03.07.1971 47 71 . Yvette D โ Ath Petrie ( Qld ) MLA Redcliffe ( Qld ) 22.02.2014 07.09.2013 26.07.1970 48 72 . Nola Marino Forrest ( WA ) 18.02.1954 73 . Maxine McKew Bennelong ( NSW ) 21.08.2010 22.07.1953 74 . Belinda Neal Senate ( NSW ) Robertson ( NSW ) 08.03.1994 24.11.2007 03.09.1998 preselection 10.01.1963 56 75 . Melissa Parke Fremantle ( WA ) 11.08.1966 76 . Kerry Rea Bonner ( Qld ) 16.04.1963 77 . Amanda Rishworth 10.07.1978 40 78 . Janelle Saffin Page ( NSW ) 01.11.1954 64 79 . Kelly O โ Dwyer Higgins ( Vic ) 05.12.2009 31.03.1977 42 80 . Karen Andrews LNP / Lib McPherson ( Qld ) 23.08.1960 58 81 . Gai Brodtmann Canberra ( ACT ) 24.11.1963 82 . Natasha Griggs CLP / Lib Solomon ( NT ) 02.07.2016 24.01.1969 50 83 . Deborah O โ Neill Robertson ( NSW ) Senate ( NSW ) 13.11.2013 04.06.1961 84 . Jane Prentice LNP / Lib Ryan ( Qld ) 22.06.1953 85 . Michelle Rowland Greenway ( NSW ) 16.11.1971 86 . Laura Smyth La Trobe ( Vic ) 12.11.1976 42 87 . Lisa Chesters Bendigo ( Vic ) 11.02.1980 39 88 . Sharon Claydon Newcastle ( NSW ) 26.04.1964 54 89 . Sarah Henderson Corangamite ( Vic ) 04.04.1964 90 . Michelle Landry LNP / Nat 15.10.1962 91 . Alannah MacTiernan MLC East Metro MLA Armadale Perth ( WA ) MLC North Metro 06.02.1993 14.12.1996 07.09.2013 2017 14.12.1996 resigned 10.01.1953 66 92 . Cathy McGowan IND Indi ( Vic ) 29.11.1953 93 . Karen McNamara Dobell ( NSW ) 02.07.2016 23.04.1964 54 94 . Clare O โ Neil Hotham ( Vic ) 12.09.1980 38 95 . Melissa Price Durack ( WA ) 12.12.1963 96 . Joanne Ryan Lalor ( Vic ) 29.07.1961 97 . Fiona Scott Lindsay ( NSW ) 01.03.1977 98 . Ann Sudmalis Gilmore ( NSW ) 16.09.1955 99 . Lucy Wicks Robertson ( NSW ) 01.01.1973 46 100 . Terri Butler Griffith ( Qld ) 08.02.2014 28.11.1977 41 101 . Anne Aly Cowan ( WA ) 29.03.1967 102 . Julia Banks 18.09.1962 103 . Linda Burney Barton ( NSW ) 25.04.1957 61 104 . Nicolle Flint Boothby ( SA ) 15.07.1978 105 . Emma Husar 20.04.1980 38 106 . Justine Keay Braddon ( Tas ) 28.07.2018 10.05.2018 18.03.1975 44 107 . Madeleine King Brand ( WA ) 31.03.1973 108 . Susan Lamb Longman ( Qld ) 28.07.2018 10.05.2018 23.03.1972 109 . Emma McBride Dobell ( NSW ) 27.04.1975 43 110 . Cathy O โ Toole Herbert ( Qld ) 30.08.1956 62 111 . Rebekha Sharkie NXT Mayo ( SA ) 11.05.2018 24.08.1972 112 . Anne Stanley Werriwa ( NSW ) 06.10.1961 113 . Meryl Swanson Paterson ( NSW ) 03.09.1970 48 114 . Susan Templeman Macquarie ( NSW ) 30.07.1963 115 . Ged Kearney Batman ( Vic ) 17.03.2018 29.10.1963 116 . Dr Kerryn Phelps Ind Wentworth ( NSW ) 20.10.2018 14.12.1957 | [
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http://australiaplants.com/Banksia.htm | Error . Page can not be displayed . Please contact your service provider for more details . ( 25 ) | [
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http://authenticplasterfx.com/lime-based-stucco-plasters/ | Lime Based Stucco and Plasters Lime based internal and external plaster and stucco have been employed extensively in construction and design for centuries . The process and magnificence of these lime based plaster โ s depended predominantly around the knowledge and expertise from the local community artisan within respective regions , along with the character of the nearby resources . The Northeast witnessed robust north Western European influence while using lime based stucco on soft clay - based brick or natural stone , whilst in the Southwest Indigenous American and Spanish influences were melded , where lime based plaster and stucco have been and continue Up until the 1930s most external plaster applications which are stucco , have been lime and sand only . Portland cement was formerly restricted to concrete production nonetheless its utilization in exterior renders elevated with all the evolving construction styles from all brick and natural stone components to solid timber framework structures . the advantage and purpose of external plaster expanded from being specifically applied to substantial surface types of brick or natural stone providing simply a weather barrier , to one in which a level of flexural resistance is imparted towards the design . Incorporating cement improved both equally the value and speed of compressive strength progression that was required for the modern building design . Classic lime based stucco lime based stucco is commonly employed utilizing a 3 layer technique , the initial layer known as the base , scratch , spatter dash or bond coat , is applied on the substrate , which might vary from permeable adobe brick to cement masonry to EPS sheets covered with wire mesh . In such cases the initial coating covers the complete substrate and is keyed horizontally whilst damp to supply support for the second or brown coat and create a physical or mechanical key . This subsequent layer known as the Brown or leveling layer smooths out the bumps and hollows telegraphed from your substrate material , in addition to any developed by the 1st coat . should water permeate the final layer , this 2nd layer provides for a distinctive line of protection from water ingress . The 3rd or finish coat delivers the cosmetic qualities of finish in addition to offering safeguards from water penetration . It was designed to accept water and permit it to quickly wick away . Powdered or liquid Pigments are frequently combined with the final layer furnishing a long - lasting colour with decreased routine maintenance . In the event the finish layer does n โ t have integral colour it may be painted , one particular option of paint utilizes pigment and lime slurried with water into a milk like consistency . Basically lime putty with extra water added creating a lime paint or lime wash . Lime based plaster and stucco โฆ .Why ? Applied utilizing the 3 coat procedure lime based stucco is among the most durable and long lasting exterior wall surface finishes obtainable . employed mainly to protect such non - durable materials as Adobe and clay brick , concrete masonry , and timber framework , lime based stucco provides durability , flexibility , breath ability and fire protection , that many other materials are lacking . Additionally , lime based stucco can certainly cater to a range of attractive architectural designs , such as today โ s popular West Coast tudor , Mediterranean , Spanish , as well as the By incorporating lime into your stucco mix you enjoy numerous significant advantages , both equally when the stucco is wet , or in its plastic state , and after it โ s hardened Hardening Properties Lime naturally bonds with all of the aggregate during hardening contributing to the overall strength of the finish . lime based plaster and stucco hardens by transforming calcium hydroxide to calcium carbonate by reacting using the co2 in the air . Consequently the continuing conversion process heals fine cracks and fissures as it solidifies , in turn this reduces water penetration whilst improving the durability of the stucco finish . lime based stucco minimizes water penetration and enables what water vapor if present to escape easily , quickly , and efficiently These qualities avoid the degeneration in the substrate components whilst extending the valuable lifetime of the construction . lime based plaster and stucco are both noncombustible and non - toxic it possesses a natural thermal sink which slow down fire infiltration to flammable building components and supplies a margin of protection to building residents . the flexibility of lime based plaster and stucco withstands cracking from shrinkage and settling . More to follow in Part 2 ! | [
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http://autism.lovetoknow.com/autism-research-studies/can-mri-detect-autism | Can a MRI Detect Autism ? By Ella Rain Autism Author Source Can a MRI detect autism ? It is possible that brain scans are a breakthrough in diagnosing autism accurately . What Is MRI MRI ( magnetic resonance imaging ) is a medical test that is similar to an X - ray , but MRI uses radio frequency pulses and a magnetic field to produce images rather than radiation . The images appear on a computer monitor , and they can be printed , transmitted electronically or put on a compact disc . The imaging procedure has been used to identify brain damage and tumors , and it is a common tool in many autism studies as well . The imaging test may be the most promising approach to detecting autism early . Can a MRI Detect Autism ? Magnetic resonance imaging has been a staple for autism research for quite some time , and it stands to reason that the imaging test would be part of identifying autistic disorders . Signature Brain Activity A study by the Yale School of Medicine used functional magnetic resonance imaging ( fMRI ) to examine brain activity in children with autism , their unaffected siblings , and in normal children . The study found three important " neural signatures " : Reduced brain activity in both autistic children and their siblings Reduced brain activity exclusively in children with autistic disorders Increased activity found only in non - autistic siblings According to the Science Daily press release , the increased brain activity in siblings of children with autism may be the brain compensating for autistic tendencies . The compensatory activity may have prevented autism from developing , in spite of the genetic predisposition for autism . Right and Left Hemispheres The right and left hemispheres of the brain must work together for the brain to function properly . A brain MRI may detect autism by showing dysfunction in connectivity . Researchers from the University of Utah found that an MRI can find problems in communication between the hemispheres of the brain . Lange Study Nicholas Lange is the lead author of an exciting study from McLean Hospital , an affiliate of Harvard University that was able to detect autism using an MRI with 94 percent accuracy . The scans examine six areas of brain circuitry that involve emotional , language and social functioning . The imaging process used diffusion tensor imaging , which further refines magnetic resonance imaging . Impact of MRI Diagnosing Autism Can a MRI detect autism ? It appears to be a very promising strategy for accurate diagnosis of autistic disorders . This can have a profound impact on families and individuals affected by the spectrum . Early Identification Diagnosing autism can be very difficult because the process involves behavioral observation . Tests such as CARS are common approaches to detecting pervasive developmental disorders , but evaluators ca n ' t always make an accurate diagnosis until the child is at least 18 to 36 months old . Imagining scans are promising because they may be able to identify brain abnormalities before they manifest in the child ' s behavior and social interactions . Accurate Diagnosis of Autistic Disorders A brain scan autism diagnosis has great weight , which can lessen the skepticism about whether the disorder is over - diagnosed . Some people are quick to assume that children with behavior problems and poor social skills are products of their environment , as evidenced by Michael Savage ' s comments about autism . If MRI accurately detects autism , the diagnosis has scientific backing . In addition , it can rule out PDD if it is n ' t present . This ensures that the affected individual gets appropriate treatment . Autism Breakthrough : Brain Scans Detect Autism Early identification and intervention are extremely important in treating pervasive developmental disorders , and an objective medical test that detects them accurately is an exciting breakthrough . While the brain scans detect autism , more testing is necessary before the approach becomes clinical practice . In trials , the test shows great promise as MRI successfully detects autism , and this approach has a very promising future . Autistic Brain Games Best Practices for Toddlers with Autism 0 Write a comment | [
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http://autismcoach.com/lions-mane-for-neurological-support/ | Home Supplements by Health Issue Neurological Lions Mane for Neurological Support Lions Mane for Neurological Support 2100 SKU AC003 Weight 025 LBS Quantity Share Product Description Lions mane is an edible mushroom that has been used for centuries in traditional Asian cuisine and medicine Recent research indicates it may be of benefit for improving memory increasing alertness and promoting nervous system health One of the worlds leading mycologists mushroom biologists Paul Stamets is quoted as saying Lions Mane mushroom mycelium is natures nutrients for your neurons Because of studies indicating its ability to help repair damaged nerves Lions Mane is being tested and adapted for a variety of treatment areas that include neuropathy Parkinsons Disease and Alzheimers Preliminary research indicates Lions Mane may support growth and repair of neurons through stimulating the production of Nerve Growth Factor NGF a small protein that is crucial to the growth maintenance and survival of certain types of neurons Without NGF these neurons would undergo apoptosis cell death NFG therefore plays an essential role of keeping your whole nervous system alive and strong Not only does NGF keep neurons alive and stimulate the remylination of neurons but it is also shown to stimulate the production of new neurons in your central nervous system as well as in peripheral nervous system The bloodbrain barrier is a semipermeable membrane that works as a filtering mechanism carrying blood to the central nervous system The NGF protein happens to be too large to travel across this membrane though However Lions Mane has been shown to be exceptionally active in stimulating the synthesis of Nerve Growth Factor NGF It contains substances that stimulate NGF production and pass easily through the bloodbrain barrier One of these substances called hericenones actually stimulates the brain to produce more NGF The other even more powerful substance is called erinacines Erincacines is small enough to pass through the critical bloodbrain barrier and can therefore work within the brain to foster NGF production which in turn boosts the production of new neurons Understanding of this process is so critical that those who discovered it Rita LeviMontalcini and Stanly Cohen received the 1986 Nobel Prize for Medicine Lions Mane is well on its way to being a critical element of treatment options related to this process In a 2009 doubleblind study in Japan 5080 year old men and women diagnosed with mild cognitive impairment were given Lions Mane Those not given the placebo were given 1 gram of Lions Mane powder 3 times a day for 16 weeks At weeks 812 16 and of the trial group taking the Lions mane showed significantly increased scores on cognitive function compared with the placebo group but at week 4 after terminationof the 16 weeks score decreased significantly Laboratory testing showed no adverse effect of taking the Lions Mane The results obtained suggest that Lions Mane is effective in Click here for a link to the citation in pubmedorg In another small Japanese study with a randomized sample of 30 women ingesting lions mane showed that HE intake has the possibility to reduce depression and anxiety and these results suggest a different mechanism from NGFenhancing action of H erinaceus Nagano et al 2010 Recently mice were injected with neurotoxic peptides in an experiment to assess the effects of lions mane on the type of amyloid plaque formation seen in Alzheimers patients The mice were then challenged in a standard Y maze designed for testing memory Mice fed with a normal diet were compared to those supplemented with lions mane mushrooms As the peptideinduced plaque developed the mice lost the ability to memorize the maze When these memoryimpaired mice were fed a diet containing 5 percent dried lions mane mushrooms for 23 days the beta amyloid placques were significantly reduced and the mice performed The reduction of beta amyloid plaques in the brains of mushroomfed mice vs the mice not fed any mushrooms was remarkable The formation of amyloid plaques is what many researchers believe is a primary morphological biomarker associated with Alzheimers Plaques linked to beta amyloid peptide inflame brain tissue interfere with healthy neuron transmission and are indicated in nerve degeneration In 2008 Japans Tohoku University researched the stimulatory effects of different edible mushroom on NGF in a study reported in the Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin Their conclusion was that Lions Mane affects the production of enzymes that signal NGF to be released Another study in 2009 from the Mushroom Laboratory in Japan published in Phytotherapy Research also determined that it was an effective complimentary treatment for mild cognitive impairment and for best results recommended that it should be used regularly Here is a 2014 video presentation by micologist Paul Stamets on TEDTalks Supplement Facts Serving Size 2 Capsules Servings per bottle 30 Amount per serving Organic Lions Mane Hericium erinaceous 11 grams Daily value not established Activated mushroom mycellium and fruiting body Other ingredients Vegetarian capsules pullulen and organic mycellated rice These statements have not been reviewed by the FDA This product is not intended to diganose prevent treat or cure any disease References Kawagishi H Ando M Sakamoto H Yoshida S Ojima F Ishiguro Y Ukai N Fukukawa S 1991 Hericenone C D and E stimulators of nerve growth factor NGF synthesis from the mushroom Hericium erinaceum Tetrahedron Lett 32 45614564 Ma BingJi JinWen Shen HaiYou Yu Yuan Ruan TingTing Wu Xu Zhao 2010 Hericenones and erinacines stimulators of nerve growth factor NGF biosynthesis in Hericium erinaceus Mycology An International Journal on Fungal Biology 12 9298 Mori K Inatomi S Ouchi K Azumi Y and Tuchida T 2009 Improving effects of the mushroom Yamabushitake Hericium erinaceus on mild cognitive impairment a double blinded placebo controlled clinical trial Phytother Res 23367372 Mori K Obara Y Moriya T Inatomi S Nakahata N 2011 Effects of Hericium erinaceus on amyloid ฮฒ2535 peptideinduced learning and memory deficits in mice Biomed Res 3216772 Nagano M Shimizu K Kondo R Hayashi C Sato D Kitagawa K Ohnuki K 2010 Reduction of depression and anxiety by 4 weeks Hericium erinaceus intake Biomed Res 3142317 Stamets P Notes on nutritional properties of culinarymedicinal mushrooms International Journal of Medicinal Mushrooms 2005 7109116 Thal LJ Kantarci K Reiman EM Klunk WE Weiner MW Zetterberg H Galasko D Praticรฒ D Griffin S Schenk D Siemers E 2006 The role of biomarkers in clinical trials for Alzheimer disease 201615 Product Reviews Firefox Chrome Internet Explorer 11 Safari Customers also viewed | [
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http://autismhomesupport.com/prompt-hierarchy-education/ | Prompt Hierarchy Education by shelly andrews | Apr 3 , 2013 | blog 0 comments There are many prompting strategies in the world today , but the approach you will hear about most often in ABA therapy is the use of prompting hierarchies : most - to - least and least - to - most . A most - to - least prompting strategy is used when the student is learning a new skill for the very first time and has shown no signs of success in the past . The first attempt is prompted with the most intrusive prompt appropriate to help the student catch on to the new skill quickly . The first attempt is then followed by a second attempt , using a less intrusive prompt . The second successful , less prompted attempt is then reinforced . A least - to - most prompting strategy is used when the learner has shown signs of success with the skill in the past . In this case , the first attempt is prompted with the least intrusive prompt possible and reinforcement is provided . For example , say we want the child to initiate clapping his or her hands . Starting with the least intrusive prompt , this is what teaching a child to do so , while using the Prompt Hierarchy , would look like : Gesture : A gesture is simply a signal that prompts a response . This can be a motioning with our hands or an exaggerated look at the student โ s hands . This could also look like pointing to the child โ s hand to signal we want him or her to clap or even giving the sign for โ clap hands โ if the child โ s way to communicate is through basic sign language . Partial Physical Prompt : A partial physical prompt is usually done by starting to physically prompt the child to complete the task and suddenly backing off to allow them to complete the task before we have completely provided full assistance . With clapping , this could look like taking the child โ s wrist and placing them together and then letting go to see if they will continue the motions of clapping . Physical Prompt : In short , physical prompting is hand over hand assistance . While teaching the child to clap while using a physical prompt , straighten out the child โ s fingers and hold on to their wrists while assisting them to clap . Do this for the child for three claps and start the prompt hierarchy over again , this time ending at a partial physical prompt . If a full Physical Prompt is still required , keep practicing using the prompt hierarchy and make sure you provide positive praise to encourage least intrusive prompting . You can do this by Verbal Prompting : This prompt level is self - explanatory . Verbal prompting is just that โฆ verbally giving the child the instructions of what to do . With clapping , this would look like saying โ Clap your Hands โ or โ Clap โ . We want to avoid verbal prompting as much as possible if we want to encourage independence . The less effort we exert , the more the child is doing for themselves . If we are constantly providing verbal prompting , the child will always look for directions and instructions on what to do from you . If Going from prompt level to prompt level is referred to as โ prompt fading . โ The main goal is for the learner to eventually not need any prompts and become independent with the skill at hand . As the learner becomes successful at a particular prompt level , the prompt is then faded to a less intrusive prompt . This ensures that the learner does not become overly dependent on a particular prompt when learning a new skill . You will want to move as quickly as possible through the prompt levels , but not too quickly ! Moving Remember to provide a stronger means of reinforcement for each success with least intrusive prompting . This will encourage independence and give the learner a higher success rate . Typically , this means starting off with simple verbal praise at the most intrusive prompt level , and scaling our praise up a notch with each level of prompt mastery . Once you go from Verbal Prompting or Physical Prompting , you will most likely want to move into physical reinforcement , such as high fives or hugs . Leave the best reinforcement for independence to show the learner great things All of this may sound like things only an ABA Therapist should know about ; however , I strongly believe in Parent Trainings and Parent Education on what we do every day . Once you know our tricks and strategies , you may see more generalization with your child . This means they have the ability to perform tasks in a variety of settings . This also contributes to a more independent child and that โ s exactly what we all want for each of our clients and their families ! Michelle O โ Neill , AHSS Lead Skills Coach , and mother of a child with Autism , plus two ! Previous Post : Increasing Independence in the Home Setting Next Post : Panasonic ' s Electric Horse | [
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http://auto.howstuffworks.com/automatic-transmission8.htm | HowStuffWorks Auto Under the Hood Transmissions & Drivetrain How Automatic Transmissions Work by Karim Nice Overdrive Prev NEXT By definition , an overdrive has a faster output speed than input speed . It ' s a speed increase โ the opposite of a reduction . In this transmission , engaging the overdrive accomplishes two things at once . If you read How Torque Converters Work , you learned about lockup torque converters . In order to improve efficiency , some cars have a mechanism that locks up the torque converter so that the output of the engine goes straight to the transmission . In this transmission , when overdrive is engaged , a shaft that is attached to the housing of the torque converter ( which is bolted to the flywheel of the engine ) is connected by clutch to the planet carrier . The small sun gear freewheels , and the larger sun gear is held by the overdrive band . Nothing is connected to the turbine ; the only input comes from the converter housing . Let ' s go back to our chart again , this time with the planet carrier for input , the sun gear fixed and the Ratio = 1 / ( 1 + S / R ) = 1 / ( 1 + 36 / 72 ) = 0.67 : 1 So the output spins once for every two - thirds of a rotation of the engine . If the engine is turning at 2000 rotations per minute ( RPM ) , the output speed is 3000 RPM . This allows cars to drive at freeway speed while the engine speed stays nice and slow . Move the shift lever to see how power is transmitted through the transmission . 1 8 9 10 15 NEXT | [
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http://auto.howstuffworks.com/car-driving-safety/safety-regulatory-devices/question130.htm | HowStuffWorks Auto Driving & Safety Safety & Regulatory Devices How does an air bag work Up Next Air bags have saved thousands of lives since their introduction in the early 1980s . If you run into something , your air bag can inflate in less than a tenth of a second to protect you from the forces of a head - on collision . There are three parts to an air bag . First , there is the bag itself , which is made of thin , nylon fabric and folded into the steering wheel or the dash board . Then there is the sensor that tells the bag to inflate . It detects a collision force equal to running into a brick wall at 10 to 15 miles per hour ( 16 to 24 kph ) . Finally , there is the inflation system . Air bags are actually inflated by the equivalent of a solid rocket booster . Sodium azide ( NaN 3 ) and potassium nitrate ( KNO 3 ) react very quickly to produce a large pulse of hot nitrogen gas . This gas inflates the bag , which literally bursts out of the steering wheel or dashboard as it expands . About a second later , the bag is already deflating ( it has holes in it ) in order to get out of your way . Here are some interesting links : How Air Bags Work SaferCar . gov : Air Bags NHSTA : Children and Air Bags Gas Laws Save Lives : The Chemistry behind Airbags GM Goodwrench Videos | [
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http://auto.howstuffworks.com/diesel3.htm | HowStuffWorks Auto Under the Hood Engines Types of Engines How Diesel Engines Work by Marshall Brain Diesel Fuel Prev NEXT A sample of diesel fuel Staff / Getty Images Petroleum fuel starts off as crude oil that ' s naturally found in the Earth . When crude oil is processed at refineries , it can be separated into several different kinds of fuels , including gasoline , jet fuel , kerosene and , of course , diesel . If you have ever compared diesel fuel and gasoline , you know that they are different . They certainly smell different . Diesel fuel is heavier and oilier . It evaporates much more slowly than gasoline - - its boiling point is actually higher than the boiling point of water . You will often hear diesel fuel referred to as " diesel oil " because it ' s so oily . Diesel fuel evaporates more slowly because it is heavier . It contains more carbon atoms in longer chains than gasoline does ( gasoline is typically C9H20 , while diesel fuel is typically C14H30 ) . It takes less refining to create diesel fuel , which is why it used to be cheaper than gasoline . Since 2004 , however , demand for diesel has risen for several reasons , including increased industrialization and construction in China and the U.S. [ source : Energy Information Administration ] . Diesel fuel has a higher energy density than gasoline . On average , 1 gallon ( 3.8 L ) of diesel fuel contains approximately 155x10 6 joules ( 147,000 BTU ) , while 1 gallon of gasoline contains 132x10 6 joules ( 125,000 BTU ) . This , combined with the improved efficiency of diesel engines , explains why diesel engines get better mileage than equivalent gasoline engines . Diesel fuel is used to power a wide variety of vehicles and operations . It of course fuels the diesel trucks you see lumbering down the highway , but it also helps move boats , school buses , city buses , trains , cranes , farming equipment and various emergency response vehicles and power generators . Think about how important diesel is to the economy - - without its high efficiency , both the construction industry and farming businesses would suffer immensely from investments in fuels with low power and efficiency . About 94 percent of freight - - whether In terms of the environment , diesel has some pros and cons . The pros - - diesel emits very small amounts of carbon monoxide , hydrocarbons and carbon dioxide , emissions that lead to global warming . The cons - - high amounts of nitrogen compounds and particulate matter ( soot ) are released from burning diesel fuel , which lead to acid rain , smog and poor health conditions . On the next page we ' ll look at some recent improvements made in these areas . 1 3 4 5 NEXT | [
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http://auto.howstuffworks.com/fuel-efficiency/vehicles/electric-car-battery4.htm | HowStuffWorks Auto Fuel Efficiency Fuel - efficient Vehicles How Electric Car Batteries Work by Christopher Lampton The Lifecycle of an Electric Car Battery Prev Up Next How long will an electric car battery last ? The lithium - ion battery pack in the Tesla Roadster is projected to have a lifespan of about 5 years or 100,000 miles . At the end of that time the pack will need to be replaced , at a cost of approximately $ 10,000 . Sure , that ' s expensive , but the Roadster itself will cost almost $ 100,000 , which makes the cost of the battery pack seem affordable . Many , perhaps most , owners will no doubt prefer to replace the battery pack rather than buy a brand new Roadster . Justin Sullivan / Getty Images The 2009 Tesla Roadster is an all - electric , zero emissions vehicle capable of traveling nearly 250 miles on a single charge . Admittedly , battery maintenance costs will add to the expense of operating any EV . The battery packs that are used in EVs will be kept tightly contained , so you ' ll most likely need to take your EV to the dealership to have your battery serviced . Another point to consider is that at the present time , this is a relatively new technology . As EVs become more common on the roadways , some of the high prices associated with them will decrease . But right now , the Tesla Roadster ' s $ 10,000 battery is Electric Concept Cars Over the past several decades , a number of electric concept cars have been developed . Some , like the Electrovair II and the Electrovette , never made it to the showroom floor , while others on this list may have a fighting chance . Here ' s a short list of EV concept cars and the batteries that power them : 1966 Electrovair II ( General Motors ) silver - zinc batteries 1976 Electrovette ( General Motors ) lead - acid batteries 2005 Volvo 3CC ( Volvo ) lithium - ion batteries 2007 Chevy Volt lithium - ion batteries 2007 Nissan Mixim ( Nissan ) 2008 Continental DC ( Bentley Motors ) lead - acid batteries 2008 Subaru Stella ( Subaru ) 2008 Nissan Denki Cube ( Nissan ) Related HowStuffWorks Articles Quiz Corner : Batteries Quiz How Electric Cars Work How Batteries Work How Lithium - ion Batteries Work How Electricity Works How the Tesla Roadster Works How Electric Motors Work More Great Links EV World AC Propulsion Electric Auto Association Plug - In America Planet Green TreeHugger . com Sources Baker , David R . " Hyatt puts Tesla roadster recharging stations in 3 hotels . " SFGate . August 30 , 2007 . http : / / www . sfgate . com / cgi - bin / article . cgi ? f = / c / a / 2007 / 08 / 30 / BUKERRNPR . DTL Buchmann , Isidor . " Is lithium - ion the ideal battery ? " Battery University . November 2006 . http : / / www . batteryuniversity . com / partone - 5 . htm Buchmann , Isidor . " What ' s the best battery ? " Battery University . November 2006 . http : / / www . batteryuniversity . com / partone - 3 . htm Doggett , Scott . " Renault Nissan Alliance Getting Recharging Stations in Place for an EV World . " Green Car Advisor . July 10 , 2008 . http : / / blogs . edmunds . com / greencaradvisor / 2008 / 07 / renault - nissan - alliance - getting - recharging - stations - in - place - for - an - ev - world . html Elfalan , Jonathan . " First Drive : 2008 Tesla Roadster . " Road and Track . March 2008 . http : / / www . roadandtrack . com / article . asp ? section_id = 6&article_id = 6393 Fehrenbacher , Katie . " Epyon : 10 - Minute Electric Car Charging . " Earth2Tech . June 19th , 2008 . http : / / earth2tech . com / 2008 / 06 / 19 / epyon - 10 - minute - electric - car - charging / Rodriguez , Bob . " Alternate Fuel Technology - Battery Electric Vehicles . " ASE Blue Seal Tech News . June 28 , 2001 . http : / / www . asecert . org / Template . cfm ? Section = Clean_Fuels_Clean_Vehicle_ Technology1&Template = / ContentManagement / ContentDisplay . cfm&ContentFileID = 609 1 4 5 UP NEXT | [
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http://auto.howstuffworks.com/question259.htm | HowStuffWorks Auto Under the Hood Engines Engine Performance How does nitrous oxide help an engine perform better ? Up Next Y ou may have read our article about how sodium chlorate acts as a way to store oxygen . You release the oxygen in sodium chlorate by heating it . It turns out that nitro us oxide ( N20 ) works exactly the same way . When you heat nitrous oxide to about 570 degrees F ( ~ 300 C ) , it splits into oxygen and nitrogen . So the injection of nitrous oxide into an engine means that more oxygen is available during combustion . Because you have more oxygen , you can also inject more fuel , allowing the same engine to produce more power . Nitrous oxide is one of the simplest ways to provide a significant horsepower boost to any gasoline engine . Nitrous oxide has another effect that improves performance even more . When it vaporizes , nitrous oxide provides a significant cooling effect on the intake air . When you reduce the intake air temperature , you increase the air ' s density , and this provides even more oxygen inside the cylinder . The only problem with nitrous oxide is that it is fairly bulky , and the engine needs a lot of it . Like any gas , it takes up a fair amount of space even when compressed into a liquid . A 5 - liter engine running at 4,000 rotations per minute ( rpm ) consumes about 10,000 liters of air every minute ( compared to about 0.2 liters of gasoline ) , so it would take a tremendous amount of nitrous oxide to run a car continuously . Therefore , a car normally carries only a few minutes of nitrous oxide , and the driver uses it very selectively by pushing a button . For more car engine information , check out the links below . How Horsepower Works How Turbochargers Work How NASCAR Race Cars Work How Car Engines Work How does an oxygen canister on an airplane or spacecraft work ? Nitrous Oxide Engine Quiz Engine Performance Quiz More Great Links Car Craft Magazine : Nitrous | [
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http://auto.howstuffworks.com/under-the-hood/diagnosing-car-problems/mechanical/5-signs-transmission-trouble2.htm | HowStuffWorks Auto Under the Hood Diagnosing Car Problems Mechanical Auto Problems Top 10 Signs of Transmission Trouble by Akweli Parker Christopher Neiger Prev NEXT 9 Burning Smell Automatic transmission fluid should be bright red , clear and a little sweet - smelling . iStockphoto . com / Sergey Lemeshencko If you get a whiff of burning transmission fluid , be advised it is definitely not the sweet smell of success . That ' s because it may indicate your transmission is overheating . Transmission fluid not only keeps the transmission ' s many moving parts properly lubricated , but it prevents the unit from burning itself up , by providing much - needed cooling . In some vehicles , the transmission even has its own mini - radiator ( an oil cooler ) that circulates fluid to transport heat away from the transmission unit itself . Common causes include low or inadequate transmission fluid , which can in turn indicate a leak or dirty fluid that needs changing . If you thought your transmission was safe from wear at least while it was in neutral , the truth might surprise you . Look to the next page for the scoop on noises in neutral . NEXT | [
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http://auto.howstuffworks.com/under-the-hood/diagnosing-car-problems/mechanical/check-engine-light.htm | HowStuffWorks Auto Under the Hood Diagnosing Car Problems Mechanical Auto Problems What does the check engine light usually mean ? by Jessika Toothman Up Next Image Gallery : Car Safety An active check engine light can mean trouble . See more car safety pictures ยฉ iStockphoto . com / Trokantor It ' s a scenario that ' s befallen drivers everywhere : They turn on the car and start to fiddle with the radio and the air . They glance left and right over their shoulders while buckling up to check whether they ' re clear to back up . They put the car in gear , ease it down the driveway and go on their way . Then suddenly they glance down at the dash and notice with horror - - the check engine light is still on ! What does this mean ? Well , for starters probably a pretty annoying day . If your check engine light is illuminated , it ' s best to take it in for diagnostic testing , which can feel like a hassle . Because while the lights vary in appearance from vehicle to vehicle , all have the same basic meaning : There ' s a problem with the car ' s emissions system . The on - board diagnostics system and engine control unit are in charge of monitoring a bunch of different parameters , and if they get a reading that ' s a little out of whack , up pops the check engine light . The list of things that can trigger the check engine light is pretty lengthy . For example , anything from a loose gas cap to a faulty fuel injector can be to blame . Some other potential culprits that can cause that malevolent glow include : A wet engine A blown gasket head Faulty oxygen sensors Worn - out spark plugs or spark plug wires Loose or cracked hoses and manifolds Sticky exhaust gas recirculation valves Pinched or deteriorated fuel injector O - rings So first thing first : Check to make sure your gas cap is on and give it a few more clicks to tighten it up . If that does n ' t work , head to a mechanic or an auto parts store - - it ' s always a good idea to get a professional to diagnose the problem , and some will even perform this service for free . A few of the above items are inexpensive to fix . While others are more expensive , it ' s still important to get them taken care of . Whatever you do , do n ' t lazily slap a piece of black electrical tape over it and go about your business . Cars just need a little love from time to time to stay in good shape , and neglecting a minor issue could lead to bigger problems down the road . For more car - related content , cruise on over to the next page . Top 10 Everyday Car Technologies that Came from Racing How Car Computers Work How Driverless Cars Will Work How Hypercars Work How Auto Transport Works How Automotive Production Lines Work Can you assemble your own car ? What makes a digital car digital ? What ' s new in synthetic oil technology ? Will car repairs in the future financially cripple you ? Sources Bowman , Zach . " What Does My Check Engine Light Mean ? " DriveSide . com . ( 10 / 5 / 2009 ) http : / / www . driverside . com / auto - library / what_does_the_check_engine_light_mean - 27 " Check Engine Light : What Does It Mean . " MechanicAdvisor . com . ( 10 / 7 / 2009 ) http : / / www . mechanicadvisor . com / content / check - engine - light . aspx Davis , Austin . " What Does My Check Engine Light Mean ? " MyHonestMechanic . com . Nov . 22 , 2005 . ( 10 / 5 / 2009 ) http : / / www . myhonestmechanic . com / articles / check_engine_lights . shtml " On - Board Diagnostics . " U.S. Environmental Protection Agency . Aug . 14 , 2007 . ( 10 / 7 / 2009 ) http : / / www . epa . gov / otaq / regs / im / obd / index . htm Is your car telling you something ? " Road and Travel Magazine . ( 10 / 5 / 2009 ) http : / / www . roadandtravel . com / carcare / 2008 / check - engine - light . htm Kayne , R . " What Causes the Check Engine Light to Come On in a Car ? " Wisegeek . com . July 23 , 2009 . ( 10 / 7 / 2009 ) http : / / www . wisegeek . com / what - causes - the - check - engine - light - to - come - on - in - a - car . htm Keen , Judy . " Older cars ' emissions go unchecked . " USA Today . June 18 , 2007 . ( 10 / 7 / 2009 ) http : / / www . usatoday . com / news / nation / 2007 - 06 - 17 - emissions_N . htm " What Does the " Check Engine " Light Mean and How Does It Affect My Emissions Inspection ? " Georgia ' s Clean Air Force . ( 10 / 5 / 2009 ) http : / / www . cleanairforce . com / docs / checkenginelight . pdf " What to do if the " check engine " light goes on . " Consumer Reports . March 2009 . ( 10 / 5 / 2009 ) http : / / www . consumerreports . org / cro / cars / new - cars / news / 2005 / what - to - do - if - the - check - engine - light - goes - on / overview / index . htm | [
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http://auto.howstuffworks.com/under-the-hood/trends-innovations/question113.htm | HowStuffWorks Auto Under the Hood Car Trends & Innovations What does the computer in a car do ? Up Next All cars manufactured today contain at least one computer . It is in charge of monitoring engine emissions and adjusting the engine to keep emissions as low as possible . The computer receives information from a many different sensors , including : The oxygen sensor The air pressure sensor The air temperature sensor The engine temperature sensor The throttle position sensor The knock sensor The oxygen sensor Using the information from these sensors , the computer can control things like the fuel injectors , spark plugs and the idle speed to get the best performance possible from the engine while keeping emissions low . The computer can also sense when something has gone wrong and can inform the driver with the " Check Engine " light . A mechanic can read a diagnostic code from the computer and fix the problem . Depending on how expensive the car is , there can be all sorts of other computers . For example : There is probably a computer controlling the automatic transmission If the car has anti - lock brakes , there is a computer reading the wheel speed and controlling the brakes Many air bag systems have their own computers A car with keyless entry or a security system has a computer for these systems Advanced climate control systems often have computers Some cars now have motorized seats and mirrors that can remember the settings for multiple drivers , and these contain computers Any radio or CD player with a digital display contains a computer of its own Cruise control systems use computers In other words , a modern luxury car is a rolling computer network . It is amazing how many embedded controllers a car can have . So what was the deal about whether our cars would start on January 1 , 2000 ? Nothing . The computers in our cars have no idea what today ' s date is because it is irrelevant to their calculations . If you take the battery out of your car to replace it , all of the computers lose power . Your radio , for example , may forget its preset stations . However , you do n ' t have to reset the date on any of these embedded computers because none of them care . Here are some interesting links : How Car Computers Work How Car Engines Work How Manual Transmissions Work How Automatic Transmissions Work | [
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http://autodock.scripps.edu/downloads/download-instructions | Download Instructions by gillet last modified 20111004 1424 Contributors Sarigs Dallakyan Michael E Pique Ruth Huey Oleg Trott and Stefano Forli Instructions on how to download ADT AutoDock ADT AutoDock 4 and AutoDock Vina are distributed under different licenses so for AutoDock 42 Please fill out this registration form or proceed to download page AutoDock Vina Download here No registration required ADT Please follow these instructions PyRx Virtual Screening software for ComputerAided Drug Design Raccoon Graphical interface for preparing AutoDock virtual screenings AutoDock 40 Please fill out this registration form AutoDock 3 Dont forget to download the latest version of ADT version 145 or higher is recommended for AutoDock 4 This graphical user interface will really help you set up and analyse your dockings Check out the Frequently Asked Questions Howtos and Tutorials to help you get started If you find any bugs please use our Bugzilla system to report them Thanks Happy Docking | [
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http://autoforums.carjunky.com/Automotive_Repair_C1/Engine_Fault_Codes_F29/PO_446_Code_P68790/ | Automotive Repair Car Troubleshooting Topics Car Troubleshooting Engine Troubleshooting Engine Fault Codes Electrical and Wiring Transmission Problems Car Repair Topics Car Making Noises Car Stereo Repair Heating or AC Issues Motorcycles and ATVs Tricks of the Trade Truck Repair Advice Site Options : Login Sign up here PO 446 Code Sign up here Email This Post Auto Repair Home > > Automotive Repair > > Engine ODB2 Fault Codes mike93 User Mar 14 , 2010 , 1 : 28 PM Post # 1 of 2 ( 10705 views ) PO 446 Code Sign In Hi everyone I got a PO 446 code what is it and what do I need to do it ' s a 2000 buick park avenue 3.8 series II with 104200 miles on it thanks Hammer Time Ultimate Carjunky / Moderator Mar 14 , 2010 , 6 : 06 PM Post # 2 of 2 ( 10692 views ) Re : PO 446 Code Sign In SYSTEM DESCRIPTION The EVAP system includes the following components : The fuel tank . The EVAP vent valve . The fuel pipes and hoses . The fuel fill cap . The EVAP vapor pipes . The EVAP purge pipes . The EVAP canister . The EVAP canister purge valve . A RESTRICTED or BLOCKED EVAP VENT PATH is detected by monitoring fuel tank pressure during normal operation ( EVAP vent valve open , EVAP canister purge valve normal ) . With the EVAP vent valve open , vacuum level in the system should be very low unless the vent path is blocked . The following conditions will set DTC P0446 . Faulty EVAP vent valve ( stuck closed ) . Plugged kinked or pinched vent hose . Shorted EVAP vent valve driver circuit . Plugged EVAP canister . CONDITIONS FOR RUNNING THE DTC All conditions for P0440 and P0442 have been met and passed . CONDITIONS FOR SETTING THE DTC fuel tank pressure is less than - 10 in . H2O . The condition is present for up to 30 seconds . ACTION TAKEN WHEN THE DTC SETS The PCM will illuminate the Malfunction Indicator lamp Mil during the second consecutive trip in which the diagnostic test has been run and failed . The PCM will store conditions which were present when the DTC set as Freeze Frame / Failure Records data . CONDITIONS FOR CLEARING THE Mil / DTC The PCM will turn the MIL OFF during the third consecutive trip in witch the diagnostic has been run and passed . The history DTC will clear when the PCM turns OFF the Mil . The DTC can be cleared by using the scan tool . DIAGNOSTIC AIDS Check for the following conditions : Kinked , pinched or plugged vent hose . Reviewing the Fail Records vehicle mileage since the diagnostic test last failed may help determine how often the condition that caused the DTC to be set occurs . This may assist in diagnosing the condition . Inspect for charcoal release from the EVAP canister . TEST DESCRIPTION Number ( s ) below refer to the step number ( s ) on the Diagnostic Table : The Powertrain On Board Diagnosis ( OBD ) System Check promps you to the basic checks and store the Freeze Frame and Failure Records Data on the scan tool if applicable . Tests the EVAP canister purge valve for a small vacuum source during non purge . Tests the EVAP vent valve for a restriction or blockage . ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ We offer help in answering questions , clarifying things or giving advice but we are not a substitute for an on - site inspection by a professional . | [
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http://autoglassquotez.com/make/jeep | Login Add Shop for Free Need help ? ( 800 ) 881 - 5068 Replacement Repair Prices Companies Shops Quote Form Plugin Shops Review Badge Plugin Jeep Windshield Replacement or Repair - Get Local Jeep Auto Glass Prices Instantly ! Recent User Supplied Photos for Jeep Jeep Windshield Replacement Jeep General Information Jeep Model Pictures About Jeep Auto Glass Replacement History of Jeep Jeep General Information Jeep Corporate Website Jeep Wikipedia Page Company Type : Division of Chrysler Group LLC Years in operation : 1941 - Present Headquarters : Toledo , Ohio Locations : Global Jeep Auto Glass Original Equipment Manufacturer : Mopar Popular Jeep Models : Cherokee , Grand Cherokee , Comanche Pickup , Wagoneer , Wrangler , YJ , Commander , TJ , Liberty , Compass , Patriot Jeep Model Pictures About Jeep Auto Glass Replacement When you need a vehicle that is capable of traversing the roughest roads and most unfriendly terrain without faltering , Jeep is the brand that springs to mind . Whether it is a Wrangler or a Cherokee or any another model from this brand ' s impressive line up you will find the same resilience , excellent maneuverability , and ease of handling in the vehicle . Given the rough terrain and hardy conditions where these vehicles tend to be used , auto glass damage may occur frequently . If your Jeep does have cracked or broken auto glass , There is usually a difference in prices for front and rear door glass with the rear being more expensive . Your four door utility Jeep ' s auto glass replacement costs for front passenger door is likely to be nearly as much as that for a recent model Infiniti . A Hyundai Santa Fe replacement of the same part will cost you about half as much . A rear door for the same Jeep vehicle will cost you slightly less than the same replacement in a GMC Acadia and slightly more than a Ford Escort . Although all of these are designed as rough terrain vehicles easily capable of carrying a family , there are differences in design that also reflect in the auto glass needs of each . Significant variations may be seen in the auto glass used with different models . For example , the 2011 Compass is a roomy vehicle with front and rear , quarter glass , a windshield , and a back glass requiring a total of 8 auto glass parts . The Grand Cherokee sports a very similar design but the quarter glass is much larger in this model . The knowledge of little tips and tricks that ensure perfect auto glass replacement often make all the difference to the longevity of your car ' s replacement glass . An experienced technician will know that allowing enough time for the urethane to set properly after auto glass installation will actually save you money . If you forcefully shut the newly replaced door or liftgate too soon , you could end up with water leaks . Similarly , unless the urethane adhesives are applied in the correct manner , the structural integrity is impaired . By entrusting your Jeep to a Jeep Auto Glass Parts Always choose only OEM or OEE parts and glass for your Jeep to get the best possible life from these components . Since your Jeep will be traversing rough terrain , the auto glass replacement that you use has to fit in perfectly with the contours of the vehicle . Otherwise , the glass could be weakened during a bumpy jerky ride over a rocky road . OEM glass is designed with the right curvature to fit perfectly into your Jeep so that it does not get jarred during a bumpy ride . That is why picking up genuine parts The History of Jeep Jeep is the oldest sports utility vehicle as well as the first off - road vehicle and a registered trademark of Chrysler . The Jeep was originally designed as a four - wheel drive reconnaissance car for the United States Army Quartermaster Corps by The American Bantam Car Company . Because the company was bankrupt at the time there was no engineering staff so Karl Probst was hired to design the car . He worked without salary initially to develop the vehicle as the Army wanted a working prototype within 49 days . Probst began working on the design July In just two days , Probst had plans completely laid out for the prototype and had the total estimated cost of the vehicle by the next day . The blueprints for the Jeep as well as Bantam ' s bid were submitted on July 22 . Spicer supplied the custom four wheel drive train components but the remaining vehicle had to be assembled using off - the - shelf parts . Since those early days , the Jeep has become one of the most trusted names in off - road vehicles and SUVs . By Norman Newsome Jeep Most Recent Auto Glass & Windshield Costs Date Zipcode Year Make Model Part Price 04 16 2019 18 04 60073 2006 Jeep Commander Windshield $ 306.94 - $ 341.43 16 2019 17 33 80223 2001 Jeep Cherokee 4 Door Utility Windshield $ 250.13 - $ 274.62 40 46540 2005 Liberty $ 264.17 - $ 288.66 15 05 19966 2015 Grand Cherokee * I Ca n ' t Find My Part Pricing - N / A 14 25 47905 2005 Liberty $ 264.17 - $ 288.66 14 23 83101 2003 09 27 19966 2015 Grand Cherokee * I Ca n ' t Find My Part Pricing - N / A 09 63119 2007 $ 283.32 - $ 307.81 05 53 55130 2006 Windshield - Rain Sensor $ 327.99 - $ 352.48 15 40 78746 2013 Patriot $ 283.32 - $ 307.81 77479 13 41 49738 2000 Cherokee 4 Door Utility $ 250.13 - $ 274.62 08 52 48073 2016 Wrangler 4 Door Utility 07 16412 2010 21 50 85639 2012 10 45 33476 2000 $ 270.56 - $ 295.05 07 45 52172 2009 13 22 12 62673 Rear Passenger ' s Side Vent Glass $ 377.13 - $ 411.62 21 50 67550 2002 $ 270.56 - $ 295.05 19 70403 2014 Patriot 00 44135 2007 11 19 53504 53 02302 01 52 85364 1999 12 23 05679 2004 35 56258 18 37 16438 17 32 49770 2008 58 50211 Windshield - Rain Sensor $ 327.99 - $ 352.48 47 78259 2001 47 78259 93560 2003 $ 259.35 - $ 291.22 10 22 52403 Wrangler 4 Door Utility 06 54 80219 2002 11 36 66223 1997 53711 36 80218 2013 $ 280.66 - $ 305.15 43 92395 2010 $ 271.15 - $ 303.02 77536 $ 333.06 - $ 357.55 31 02360 08 07304 29526 2004 00 49 92124 Wrangler 2 Door Utility $ 253.45 - $ 285.32 02155 Wrangler 2 Door Utility $ 260.34 - $ 284.83 57 97404 07082 35 07082 60646 Back Glass $ 715.39 - $ 802.04 80123 1999 01 57572 02 95608 Front Passenger ' s Side Door Glass $ 261.71 - $ 293.58 79901 2011 $ 280.66 - $ 305.15 20 25427 80016 51 48130 2008 49 48130 55 21222 06 02 38469 77093 Rear Driver ' s Side Vent Glass $ 429.23 - $ 481.22 34 91911 $ 271.15 - $ 303.02 78666 44 85008 Commander $ 276.94 - $ 301.43 42104 32 72764 2012 Compass 75925 30116 28 81524 Rear Driver ' s Side Vent Glass $ 935.51 - $ 1048.82 77619 77619 51 91763 1998 $ 240.47 - $ 272.34 42 44139 $ 260.34 - $ 284.83 63090 1993 31 95205 31315 1980 Cherokee 2 Door Utility 44 87105 1991 $ 257.79 - $ 282.28 80634 28 68410 80122 $ 276.94 - $ 301.43 89512 33 22405 39 68410 38 03 27 49503 03 57 97206 55806 1998 80013 39 89128 $ 289.70 - $ 314.19 24 80013 34 11010 80550 20 64118 89701 1996 $ 257.79 - $ 282.28 41 53072 58 31792 2011 65340 38401 2016 Compass 50401 1995 Cherokee 2 Door Utility Front Driver ' s Side Door Glass 37924 Popular Cities Atlanta Austin Baltimore Boston Charlotte Chicago Cincinnati Cleveland Columbus Dallas Denver Detroit Fort Worth Houston Indianapolis Jacksonville Kansas City Las Vegas Los Angeles Miami Milwaukee Minneapolis Nashville New York Orlando Philadelphia Phoenix Pittsburgh Portland Providence Riverside Sacramento Saint Louis San Antonio San Diego San Francisco San Jose Seattle Tampa Virginia Beach Washington DC Testimonials Holli Sisk - I love using the website plugin that offers custom quoting to my customers 24 / 7 ! I have more business than ever before ! Thanks AGQZ ! Savannah Weaver - As a small business owner , making your business name stand out in the sea of Google can be depressing . I ' ve been using Auto Glass Quotez for about 2 months now and have had countless leads . I do n ' t know what I did before ! You ' re an idiot if you do n ' t want to use this great service you can only benefit from . Dario Zadro - I really enjoyed designing and developing this massive project ! The team at AGQZ has been awesome to work with , and they have put so much thought into the details for both the visitor and vendor when it comes to the UX for auto glass quotes . The back - end CRM has all the bells and whistles including charting , billing , and so much more ! I look forward to this site becoming the industry leader in the auto glass field . 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http://autoimmune.pathology.jhmi.edu/whatis_disease.cfm | Autoimmune Disease Research Center What is Autoimmunity ? About Contact Us FAQs Events Discussion Donate Questions about autoimmunity ? Email Dr . Caturegli What is Autoimmunity ? Definition of Autoimmunity Definition of Autoimmune Disease Broad Spectrum of Autoimmune Disease A Collective Approach Definition of autoimmune disease Autoimmunity is present in everyone to some extent . It is usually harmless and probably a universal phenomenon of vertebrate life . However , autoimmunity can be the cause of a broad spectrum of human illnesses , known as autoimmune diseases . This concept of autoimmunity as the cause of human illness is relatively new , and it was not accepted into the mainstream of medical thinking until the 1950s and 1960s . Autoimmune diseases are defined as diseases in which the progression from benign autoimmunity to pathogenic autoimmunity occurs . This progression is determined by both genetic influences and Direct evidence requires transmissibility of the characteristic lesions of the disease from human to human , or human to animal . In the real world , such evidence is attainable at this time only for diseases mediated by autoantibody , since we do not yet have the means for reliably studying T lymphocyte - mediated autoimmune diseases by transfer to animals . Examples of autoimmune diseases that fulfill the criteria of direct evidence are idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura ( in which deliberate human experimentation in the early 1950s showed that the platelet destruction is directly caused by an autoantibody ) Graves ' disease and myasthenia gravis ( in which there are temporary signs of disease in the infant due to transplacental transfer ) pemphigus vulgaris and bullous pemphigoid ( where the disease can be transmitted from humans to animals by autoantibody ) . Another , more feasible , way to demonstrate pathologic effect of autoantibody is to reproduce the functional defects characteristic of the disease in vitro ( in the laboratory ) . For example , inhibition of the fixation of vitamin B12 by intrinsic factor can be produced by autoantibodies from certain patients with pernicious anemia , and overproduction of thyroid hormones can be produced by autoantibodies from patients with Graves ' disease . Indirect evidence requires re - creation of the human disease in an animal model . The majority of autoimmune diseases fit in this category . For example , the autoimmune basis of is well accepted because of the availability of several genetically determined mouse models which , while not simulating lupus as seen in the clinic , do very closely replicate the serological features and some pathological features . Hashimoto ' s thyroiditis and multiple sclerosis can be reproduced by immunizing the animal with an antigen analogous to the putative autoantigen of the human disease . The development of animal models is increasing rapidly as methods of genetic and immunologic manipulation become commonplace . When direct and indirect evidence to define an autoimmune disease are not available , investigators are left with circumstantial evidence , that is , with listing " markers " descriptive of autoimmune disease . Examples of these markers are : positive family history for the same disease , or for other diseases known to be autoimmune presence in the same patient of other known autoimmune diseases presence of infiltrating mononuclear cells in the affected organ or tissue preferential usage of certain MHC class II allele high serum levels of IgG autoantibodies deposition of antigen - antibody complexes in the affected organ or tissue improvement of symptoms with the use of immunosuppressive drugs ( such as corticosteroids ) ยซ Back | Next ยป Our center is also affiliated with : Web site designed by Alberto Fenu and Patrizio Caturegli Questions about autoimmunity ? E - mail Dr . Caturegli | [
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"Definition"
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http://autoimmunediseaselist.com/a-to-z.php | GET OUR FREE UPDATES A Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis ( ADEM ) is a form of encephalitis with an autoimmune reaction where the body attacks the brain tissue usually days / weeks after a viral infection or vaccination . NIH Cleveland Clinic ADEM at NINDS Myelitis Associatio n Acute Hemorrhagic Leukoencephalitis Addison ' s disease - also called adrenal insufficiency or hypocortisolism , is chronic under - functioning of the adrenal glands and production of hormones affecting how the body uses carbohydrates , protein , fat and blood sugar . Symptoms include weight loss , muscle weakness , fatigue and low blood pressure . Medline niddk Addison ' s on this site Allergic granulomatosis and angiitis or Churg - Strauss syndrome CSS ) has 3 distinct phases - with symptoms depending on organs involved - Allergic with asthma , sinus pain , headache ; Eosinophilic phase with weight loss and sweats ; Vasculitic with pain , numbness & weakness in extremities . Medicine Net John Hopkins Vasculitis Center A lopecia or Alopecia Areata ( AA ) results in loss of hair on scalp or beard or the skin as the immune system attacks the hair follicles and slows down hair production . It can occur in men , women or children MedicineNet Treatment NIAMS Q & A National Alopecia Foundation Anklosing spondylitis characterized by arthritis , inflammation and stiffness of joints . Usually involves the spine and joints of the neck , back and pelvis . Also called Strรผmpell - Marie disease & spondyloarthritis . Virtual medical centre Arthritis Australia Anti - Glomerular Basement Membrane Disease or Anti - GBM / Anti - TBM nephritis antibodies attack the small blood vessels in the kidneys and the lungs Medscape UNC Kidney Center Vasculitis UK Anti - Neutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody - Associated Vasculitis Medscape Anti - N - Methyl - D - Aspartate Receptor Encephalitis Anti NMDA Receptor Encephalitis Foundation Antiphospholipid syndrome ( APS ) affects the proteins in the blood . NIH Mayo Clinic Autoimmune hemolytic anemia causes the premature destruction of red blood cells fatigue , pale skin , shortness of breath , dark urine . MedlinePlus NIH Autoimmune hepatitis ( AIH ) is a disease of the liver usually occuring by itself , but sometimes with other autoimmune diseases e.g. lupus or APL syndrome . Symptoms include joint pain , fatigue and abdominal discomfort . Previously called chronic active hepatitis ( CAH ) NDDIC American Liver Foundation British Liver Trust Autoimmune pancreatitis ( AIP ) symptoms usually include jaundice and sometimes recent onset of diabetes mellitus , weight loss , abdominal pain or itching . A multisystem disorder , it can affect other parts of the body , such as the bile ducts or salivary glands . MAYO CLINIC Autoimmune retinopathy ( AR ) see Retinopathy ScopeMed AMA Autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura or Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura ( ITP ) destroys platelets in the blood that are needed for prevention and control of bleeding . Symptoms include unexplained bruises or bleeding . eMedicine Better Health Channel Autoimmune neutropenia means there are too few neutrophils ( white blood cells ) to fight infection so the risk of infection rises . Most common in infants . Usually fever symptoms Neutropenia Support Association SCNIR Autoimmune Inner Ear Disease ( AIED ) causes hearing loss and ti nnitus AmericanHearing Research Foundation Autoimmune Lymphoproliferative Syndrome ( ALPS ) regulates the death of lymphocytes ( white blood cells ) . can lead to enlargement of liver and spleen and can cause anemia , low count of platelets and low count of neutrophils . MedicineNet B C D E F G H I J K LM N O P Q R S - Z Follow @ AutoimmuneList Do n ' t miss a thing : Get free updates by email Tweet The information on this site is not meant for diagnosis of a disease - please see your health care professional with your medical concerns . Glossary of words relating to autoimmune conditions Contact us Advertise on this site | [
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http://automagic.co.za/branches/pinetown/ | Pinetown Panel beaters Pinetown auto body repairs spray painting scratch dent repair Auto Magic Pinetown Panel beaters and auto body repairs in Pinetown We offer a range of panel beating auto body repairs part replacements spray painting scratch and dent repair services in the Pinetown area Franchisee Mr Tom Jonker Tel 031 700 1474 1659 Mobile 071 688 8100 Email pinetownautomagiccoza Fax 031 700 2086 Address 11 Monaco Place Westmead Pinetown Latitude S 29 48 59393 Longitude E 30 49 55027 Auto Magic Pinetown services At Auto Magic Pinetown our auto body repair services are industry leaders click on the links below to view our service offering in detail Services Overview Panel Beating Hail Damage Car Bumper Repair Paintless Dent Repair Glass Repairs Service Guarantee RADS Electronic Platform Auto Magic Pinetown Affordable guaranteed repairs with a quick turnaround All Auto Magic franchises provide a reliable and trusted repair service All franchises specialise in auto body repair panel beating fitment and spray painting All our work is guaranteed so you enjoy peace of mind when you leave our premises with your repaired vehicle At Auto Magic we recognise that our clients are the most important people on our premises and that we are reliant on them We are customer centric with quick turnaround at affordable rates Auto Magic is the preferred supplier of all the major Insurance companies with more than 190 000 vehicles repaired over 15 years | [
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http://automarketinc.com/viewinventorybytype.php?min=0&max=1000000&bhph=N&type=ALL&rsc=8-FiaNhPGeD | SHOW ALL MAKES Acura 1 BMW 12 Cadillac 1 Chevrolet 8 Chrysler 2 Dodge 2 Fiat 1 Ford 6 GMC 3 Honda 3 Infiniti 3 Jaguar 1 Jeep 1 Kia 1 Land_Rover 1 Lexus 5 Lincoln 4 MercedesBenz 28 Nissan 8 Porsche 1 Smart 1 Toyota 3 Volkswagen 3 Select Make To See Models This information is deemed reliable but not guaranteed and is subject to change Please contact the selling dealer for all information All prices TTL Thank you view viewing our inventory and come by and see us 6 Photos View Details Call Auto Market Inc 615 3536666 VIN 5J8TB18217A013638 Stock 013638 Miles Year 2007 Make ACURA RDX Trim 5SPD AT Auto Market Inc 615 3536666 LOT FINANCE DOWN PAYMENT IS 1500TAX DOWN OR MAKE A CASH OFFER 1500TAX DOWN 4 Photos View Details Call Auto Market Inc 615 3536666 VIN WBAWL13578PX22628 Stock X22628 Miles 188000 Year 2008 Make BMW Model 328I Trim 328I CONVERTIBLE Auto Market Inc 615 3536666 LOT FINANCE DOWN PAYMENT IS 1999 TAX OR MAKE A CASH OFFER 1999TAX 6 Photos View Details Call Auto Market Inc 615 3536666 VIN WBAPH7G5XBNN05287 Stock N05287 Miles Year 2011 Make BMW Model 328I Trim 328I SA Auto Market Inc 615 3536666 LOT FINANCE DOWN PAYMENT IS 1800TAX OR MAKE A CASH OFFER 1800TAX DOWN 6 Photos View Details Call Auto Market Inc 615 3536666 VIN WBADW3C52CE822828 Stock 822828 Miles Year 2012 Make BMW Model 328I CONV Trim 328I CONVERTIBLE Auto Market Inc 615 3536666 LOT FINANCE DOWN PAMENT IS 3500TAX DOWN OR MAKE A CASH OFFER 3500TAX DOWN 5 Photos View Details Call Auto Market Inc 615 3536666 VIN WBAWL1C57AP492546 Stock 492546 Miles 112000 Year 2010 Make BMW Model 328I CONVERTIBLE Trim 328I CONVERTIBLE Auto Market Inc 615 3536666 LOT FINANCE DOWN PAYMENT IS 3500TAX DOWN OR MAKE A CASH OFFER 3500TAX View Details Call Auto Market Inc 615 3536666 VIN WBXPC93487WF00154 Stock F00154 Miles 147948 Year 2007 Make BMW Model X3G Trim Auto Market Inc 615 3536666 LOT FINANCE DOWN PAYMENT IS 1500TAX OR MAKE A CASH OFFER 1500TAX DOWN 6 Photos View Details Call Auto Market Inc 615 3536666 VIN 5UXFE43528L020687 Stock 020687 Miles Year 2008 Make BMW Model X5 Trim 30SI Auto Market Inc 615 3536666 LOT FINANCE DOWN PAYMENT IS 2700TAX OR MAKE A CASH OFFER 2700TAX DOWN View Details Call Auto Market Inc 615 3536666 VIN 5UXFE43569L263498 Stock 263498 Miles 153000 Year 2009 Make BMW Model X5 Trim XDRIVE30I Auto Market Inc 615 3536666 LOT FINANCE DOWN PAYMENT IS 2500TAX OR MAKE A CASH OFFER 2500TAX DOWN 8 Photos View Details Call Auto Market Inc 615 3536666 VIN 5UXFE8C58AL311711 Stock 311711 Miles Year 2010 Make BMW Model X5 Trim XDRIVE48I Auto Market Inc 615 3536666 Make Any Cash Offer In Person 6900 DOWN 8 Photos View Details Call Auto Market Inc 615 3536666 VIN 5UXZV8C59BL417583 Stock 417583 Miles Year 2011 Make BMW Model X5 Trim XDRIVE50I Auto Market Inc 615 3536666 LOT FINANCE DOWN PAYMENT IS 3500TAX OR MAKE A CASH OFFER 3500TAX DOWN | [
"Auto Market Inc"
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http://automobiles.honda.com/events-and-sponsorships/little-league-sponsorship.aspx | 2015 Little League Baseball ยฎ World Series Honda welcomed a crowd of thousands to this year โ s Little League Baseball ยฎ World Series . Families enjoyed a host of amazing activities at Honda Dream Camp , like a dunk tank , baseball pit dive , and a fluorescent photo op . We gave everyone the chance to " Guess the Spokescrumb " before finally revealing Jelly the Gummy Bear as our newest mascot . We also gave away great prizes like ear buds , glow balls , and even a 2016 Pilot Elite . It was a great year to celebrate Little Leaguers ' big dreams with Honda ! Celebrating 20 Years of Little League Dreams Honda is proud to be a national sponsor of Little League Baseball and Softball for the 20th consecutive year . From perfectly pitched fastballs to great displays of sportsmanship , the kids who play Little League Baseball and Softball always bring their " A " game . Like their big league idols , Little Leaguers show everyone how sweat , determination , and teamwork can lead to success . But they also show us that , win or lose , the games are really about fun and fair play . So here ' s a big thanks to all the players , coaches , volunteers , parents and countless others who make Little League such a success . Your selfless dedication has made the baseball and softball diamonds great places to play , learn and grow . Rides to practice , made perfect Head to the field in style in the Honda Odyssey . Catch up on game footage using the available Ultrawide Rear Entertainment System [ 1 ] and cool off after the game with the tri - zone automatic climate control system ( EX and above ) . With available seating for up to eight , there ' s plenty of room for teammates as well as their gear . A 28 - mpg highway rating [ 2 ] means fewer stops along the way , and the available built - in HondaVAC ( SE and Touring Elite ) keeps the dirt out of the Odyssey and on the field where it belongs . Learn More > Sports season means lots of driving . Good thing the Honda Pilot is ready . Its flexible cargo management makes it easy to transport gear . Its available one - touch 2nd - row seats give passengers quick access to the rear . Your all - stars will love the entertainment options , including an available rear entertainment system [ 1 ] . Plus , the Pilot is a 2015 IIHS TOP SAFETY PICK + when equipped with Honda Sensing โข . Available safety features like the Collision Mitigation Braking System โข ( CMBS โข ) [ 3 ] and Lane Departure Warning ( LDW ) [ 4 ] help you and your team avoid hazards . Learn More > The Urban Initiative โ Everyone Wins In 1999 , the Urban Initiative program sprang to life . Designed to help communities with the dream , but without the resources , to play Little League Baseball and Softball , it has grown from just Los Angeles and Harlem to include over 250 leagues in 90 cities nationwide . The goal is to bring the benefits of the Little League program to children within urban communities across the United States by creating or renewing baseball and softball programs in these neighborhoods . The initiative โ s success is evident : Kids learn and build citizenship , discipline , teamwork , self - esteem and physical well - being . And beyond the mission and the success , at the heart of this program is providing every child with a chance to know the magic contact of the baseball bat hitting a ball , or the thrilling thud of the ball landing squarely in a mitt โ giving each kid a Donations from Honda this year help to improve playing fields . Better still , they improve the life of each kid who steps up to the plate on those very fields . You can make a difference , too . To find out more about the Urban Initiative , to see how you can help , and to find out if your local league may qualify , please visit the Urban Initiative website . | [
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http://autorepair.about.com/b/2009/02/08/is-idling-bad-for-your-car.htm | Arts , Music , and Recreation Cars & Motorcycles Is it Okay to Idle or Warm Up My Car ? by Matthew Wright Updated March 20 , 2017 To be honest , the question of whether it ' s good or bad to leave a car idling for an extended time has never crossed my mind . This letter from Deb made me think about it : As I read the comments about warming up your car , I keep looking to see if it is actually bad for your engine to leave your car idling too long . I ' ve been told that recently , and just wondered if it was true . Thanks for any help and advice you can give ! Deb So , is it bad ? I say no . An idling engine that is properly tuned is an efficient machine . If your engine is at operating temperature , your fuel injection is metering fuel correctly , and your exhaust pipe does n ' t have a banana in it , there ' s nothing to be harmed by letting it run . The Idling Myth So how did we end up with this longstanding myth that engine idling can be bad ? Myths come from all over , and some statements that I will clearly describe as myth others will swear are proven facts . But when it comes to engine idling , I ' m pretty firm in my beliefs . That said , I can certainly understand how and why people started to think that idling was bad . In fact , there probably are some cases in which you ' d be better off shutting the engine down than idling it . For example , let ' s say you drive a car that is so highly tuned for speed that it ' s practically a race car . When idling , these engines are running at their least efficient . Some will barely run at all ! They ' re not fully burning the fuel that is coming into the engine ( usually through a carburetor ) and as a result they can stand to build up all sorts of gunk in the engine , especially around the valves . I ' d imagine a ' 60s Ferrari falls into this While we ' re asking questions about engine idling , we have to ask why are you letting your car idle for a long time in the first place ? I can understand a little morning warm - up in hideous weather , but try to do this as rarely as you can stand . It ' s bad for the environment to pump all those extra hydrocarbons into the atmosphere and you ' re wasting precious , not to mention expensive , gas . I do n ' t think you ' ll do your engine any harm , but why do it ? Give nature a break and turn it off . | [
"car idling",
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http://autorepair.about.com/od/enginetroubleshootin1/a/Figure-Out-Why-Your-Car-Is-Overheating.htm | Arts , Music , and Recreation Cars & Motorcycles Reasons Why Your Car Is Overheating Noel Hendrickson / Getty Images An overheating engine is more than an inconvenience , it can be an expensive engine killer . It may even leave you on the side of the road then on to the repair shop for a serious repair bill . If your car has been running hot , you know the feeling . You ' re sitting in traffic , the light turns green , and you hope that traffic breaks fast enough for you to get some air flowing through the radiator so the temperature needle will go down . It ' s beyond stressful , and there ' s no reason you should be forced to endure this . The fact is , there are usually a few culprits to look into when your engine is running hot . Your Engine Overheats on Short Trips If your engine is overheating shortly after you leave , or it heats up even on short trips , you should check the following possible causes and repair suggestions . Symptom : Engine quickly overheats . Engine runs fine but gets very hot shortly after you start it . This problem usually occurs after only five minutes or after traveling about a mile . You may or may not notice steam coming from the hood or smell coolant . Possible causes : Engine coolant level may be very low . The Fix : Refill the coolant to the proper level . Engine ' s drive belts may be broken or slipping . The Fix : Tighten or replace the belts . The electric cooling fan may not be coming on . Repair or replace the cooling fan . Repair wiring . Replace the cooling fan temp sensor . The ignition timing may be set wrong . Adjust ignition timing . There may be a vacuum leak . Check and replace vacuum lines as required . The engine may have mechanical problems . Check compression to determine the engine ' s condition . The engine ' s thermostat may be stuck closed . Replace the thermostat . There may be a leak in the cooling system . Repair the leak and refill coolant . Cylinder head gasket ( s ) may be bad . Replace any bad gaskets . Your Engine Overheats After Extended Driving In some cases , your engine may be running fine and the overheating problem only occurs on extended drives or long waits in traffic . If this is the case with your car or truck , check on the following possible issues . Symptom : Engine overheats . Engine runs fine but gets very hot while driving . This problem usually occurs after moderate to extended periods of driving . You may or may not notice steam coming from the hood or smell coolant . Possible causes : Any of the above causes for overheating on short trips . The car is overloaded or being driven too hard . Lighten the load and back off the gas . The radiator or block may be clogged . Reverse flush the cooling system and fill with fresh coolant . Fixing the Most Common Overheating Problems Some of those possible overheating causes apply to both situations and these are among the easiest repairs you can tackle in your own garage . Low Coolant By a large margin , the most common cause for engine overheating is simply a low coolant level . Your engine ' s cooling system relies on coolant to circulate and remove heat from the engine . If you do n ' t have enough coolant in there to do the job , heat will build up and your engine will overheat . No amount of running the heater in the summer will help if you do n ' t have enough coolant in the radiator to transfer the heat . By far , the first thing you should do if your engine seems to be running hot is check your coolant level Electric Cooling Fan Failure If you have an electric cooling fan that is n ' t coming on , this can cause your engine to overheat . This fan draws cooler air through your radiator when your car is n ' t going fast enough to do the job naturally . You can test this by letting your car idle long enough for the engine to heat up . If you have an overheating problem in traffic , keep an eye on your temperature gauge . When it starts creeping into the danger zone , look under the hood to see if your electric fan is running . If it ' s not , you ' ll need to figure out why . Typically , it comes down to one of two problems . Bad Electric Fan : Sometimes your fan motor will just burn out and your fan wo n ' t come on at all . To test this , find your radiator fan switch and disconnect the wiring harness . Get a jumper wire and insert it into both contacts , your fan should come on . Another way to test the fan is to turn on the air conditioning . The cooling fan is activated in most โ but not all โ cars when you turn the AC to either a medium or high speed . Bad Radiator Fan Switch : There is a switch that tells your cooling fan to come on when your coolant reaches a certain temperature . The easiest way to test this switch is to disconnect the wiring harness and run a jumper wire across the harness contacts . If the fan comes on , you need to replace the switch . Thermostat Is Stuck Shut The most common symptom of a failed thermostat is overheating at highway speeds . Your engine may be able to stay cool at low speeds because it ' s not working that hard , and therefore not creating as much heat . When you hit highway speeds , however , your engine needs a lot of coolant flowing through to keep it cool . If the thermostat does n ' t open , there is n ' t enough flow to keep things cool . In this situation , you may find yourself looking more like a steamship than a sedan going down the highway . Broken Fan Belt There are still many engines out there that have a fan belt to drive the engine cooling fan . If you see a belt attached to your fan , you ' re in this club . The good news is your repair will be cheaper than electric - driven fans and you can easily replace the fan belt yourself if it ' s broken . Clogged Radiator If your car has more than 50,000 miles on it , your radiator may begin to get gummed up . You can avoid this and other problems associated with old coolant by flushing your radiator once a year . Regular Maintenance Can Keep Engines Cool There ' s nothing good about an overheating problem . If your engine is running hot you should try to fix the problem as quickly as possible . A hot engine can do damage to itself , even if it is n ' t fully overheating . Regular maintenance can help with this issue . Beyond flushing your radiator , check your oil regularly to be sure you are providing adequate lubrication to your engine . Keep up with other maintenance as well because anything you can do to reduce heat buildup helps . Remember , it ' s important to keep an eye on your engine temperature . Many people mention that their engines are " running hot , " though they do n ' t seem too concerned . Fixing a cooling problem is usually fairly inexpensive , even if it involves a trip to the repair shop . On the other hand , engine damage due to a neglected cooling system and regular overheating can be expensive . You may even lead you to think about getting rid of the car altogether . Continue Reading | [
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http://autorepair.about.com/od/soundslike/qt/sounds_whlgrind.htm | Arts , Music , and Recreation Cars & Motorcycles Car Sounds : Grinding Brakes by Matthew Wright Updated October 01 , 2018 While some noises coming from your front disc brakes are no big deal , a grinding sound is usually bad news . At the very least , it signals a problem with the brake pads โ either the pads are too worn to smoothly stop the vehicle or the original brake pad was defective and is falling apart prematurely . Sometimes a grinding sound means that your pads are too far gone and a full replacement of the brakes themselves is in order . Noise From Below Your car ' s braking system is the most important safety feature on your vehicle , and it ' s worth learning a little bit about how it works . Depending on the age of your vehicle , you might have standard friction - type brakes that work by simply applying pressure to a pedal , or you might have more a sophisticated anti - locking system . Likewise , it helps to know if you have disc or drum brakes . Disc brakes are considered superior to drum brakes , and almost every car in the United States uses them on the front . But they are not immune to wear and tear . Early Warning Signs Every vehicle ' s brakes will emit a squeal and a whine when the pads get low . Brake pads are designed to get noisy when they are nearing their worn point , so even your basic , bare - bones model will give you this hint . Newer , advanced vehicles are equipped with sensors that measure how much brake pad is left and will actually alert you via a dashboard warning light if your pads need to be replaced soon . Those are the early warning signs . If your car is making a squealing sound when you apply the brakes , you should look into the matter quickly . Leaving disc brake repair until later can result in costly brake component replacement . There have even been cases of calipers needing to be replaced , and that will definitely up your repair costs . Always Inspect , Never Assume Front brakes usually need replacement far more often than rear brakes , so if you are hearing a grinding sound it ' s probably the front brakes . But never assume it ' s the simplest answer . Inspecting your brake pads will reveal the answer . Some things to look for include excessive brake dust , especially if it seems to be focused on one wheel . Metal shavings visible anywhere around the wheels are a serious indicator that your pads are beginning to eat into your brake discs , and this is a sure way to turn what Grinding is Bad News However , if your brakes are making a grinding sound when you come to a stop , you are at the very end of the life of your brake pads . At the very least you ' ll have to replace your brake pads , so be prepared to make this repair . A quick brake inspection will let you know whether you have damaged your brake discs . The good news is there are n ' t any other possibilities . Grinding , crunching , chewing metal sounds from your brakes always mean that you ' ve gone too long without replacing your pads . In some rare cases , a pad has failed and the friction surface leaves you all at once . Either way , the wheels are coming off and the brakes are coming out If your brakes reached the point of grinding , there ' s a lesson to be learned here . Maintenance that is deferred to this degree will almost never end well . Even if you do n ' t plan on keeping the vehicle much longer , you should keep up with regular maintenance like oil changes and brake pads . It can take very little time at all for an ignored maintenance issue to rear its head and turn into a serious money problem . Try selling a car that makes a grinding sound every time you touch the Continue Reading | [
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http://autoweek.com/article/blue-and-khaki-way-dress-pebble-beach | Wearing blue blazers paired with khaki pants , field crew members for the Pebble Beach Concours d ' Elegance provide a good example of how to dress for the event . Spectators can make the classic look their own by changing up the color combination or by wearing a stylish tie . Photo by COURTESY OF RALPH LAUREN Blue and khaki , the way to dress for Pebble Beach August 1 , 2010 Wondering what to wear to this year ' s Pebble Beach Concours d ' Elegance ? Just look to the field crew - - they lead by example . โ We have an official uniform for the field crew , โ said Kandace Hawkinson , director of media relations . โ We hope our spectators recognize [ that style of dress ] and mirror that in their own dress . โ Members of the field - operations team wear navy blue blazers , khaki slacks , comfortable shoes or loafers and a crisp , white shirt . Men wear ties and women wear scarves . And , depending on the role of the staffer , field crew members either wear a straw Panama Jack - style hat or a baseball cap . Ranging from dressy to casual , spectator attire should acknowledge the importance of the occasion . โ Participants in the show have prepared for not just days or months , but years , โ Hawkinson said . โ The day they ' re here is a special day . โ Spectators and participants should consider the venue when determining how to dress . Held on the 18th fairway of Pebble Beach Golf Links - - one of the longest - finishing holes in golf - - the concours requires comfortable clothing and shoes . For men , this translates into straw hats for sun protection . For women , heels might not be the most practical footwear , although it has been done . Hawkinson noted that for women ' s attire , โ it ' s very much about the hat , โ rather than the shoes . Of course , some participants forgo the traditional look completely , instead preferring a more authentic look . โ We do have owners who dress to match the era of their car , โ Hawkinson said . โ That ' s always fun for people to see . โ By Izzi Bendall READ THIS NEXT My Account Media Kit Content Licensing RSS Feed Privacy Policy and Terms of Use AdChoices Contact Us Send Us Your Tips All Content ยฉ 2017 Crain Communications , Inc . | [
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http://autoweek.com/article/car-news/first-volkswagen-beetle-america-looked | The first Volkswagen Beetle in America looked like this January 29 , 2014 On Jan . 17 , 1949 , the Holland America Line Westerdam pulled into New York Harbor from Rotterdam carrying the seed of an automotive empire . It had been only four years since Volkswagen resurrected operations in Wolfsburg , the factory heavily ruined by Allied forces and now under the command of Major Ivan Hirst . The Wolfsburg plant itself was nearly dismantled under war reparations until Hirst persuaded the British Army to use its product as light transport . Successfully bowled over , the British placed an order for 20,000 , the first of which went to occupying forces . 1,785 Type 1s were made that first year in 1945 . The Type 1 Beetle was a car that the British , in an official report , had deemed too ugly and noisy , " . . .quite unattractive to the average motorcar buyer . " Hell , the Brits had tried to unload Volkswagen to Ford - - for free . The response from a Mr . Ernest Breech , chairman of the Ford board , was : " I do n ' t think what we ' re being offered here is worth a damn ! " Oh , how they laugh now . Max Hoffman , importer of all Europe ' s glamour , was the first official Volkswagen dealer in America . He , of course , is both famous and infamous in the automotive business , and his thriving showroom on Park Avenue would become legend . But there remains another figure much less known who was instrumental in bringing Volkswagen to America : Ben Pon , a former race - car driver from the Netherlands who was the first man to bring Volkswagens out of Germany . On a wintry day in January 1949 , Pon actually beat Hoffman to the chase . The entire operation was nearly derailed from the start . Pon held a press conference on the Westerdam to a small group of assembled journalists , who , in their trademark snark and smarm , derided the goofy Beetle as " Hitler ' s car . " In a footnote all too familiar to us today , Pon called the VW the " Victory Wagon . " We did win , after all ! Pon peddled the car up and down the East Coast , hoping to strike a deal with any interested dealers . The Volkswagen was successful in his native Rotterdam ; why would n ' t it be here ? Three weeks later , he gave up . He hastily unloaded one Beetle , for exactly $ 800 , just to settle his bill at the Roosevelt Hotel . 1949 ended with exactly two Beetles sold . The next year , Hoffman showed up and became the official importer . He sold 157 Beetles Sixty - five years later , Volkswagen has announced plans to celebrate the car that , in essence , beat the odds . From 1949 to 1977 , precisely 21,529,464 Beetles rolled out of dealer showrooms around the world . And so has the company expanded with it - - from the humble Beetle , Volkswagen has become the monolithic empire we know it to be today - - 11 models of Volkswagen and 10 brands within Volkswagen Group , the second largest automotive empire in the world . " Since its arrival in the United States 65 years ago , the Volkswagen Beetle has preserved its reputation of being more than just a car but a symbol of uniqueness and freedom , " said Michael Horn , the newly appointed president and CEO of Volkswagen in America ( who has a big job ahead of him ) . " The Beetle has become part of the cultural fabric in America , and we are proud that its rich heritage continues to live with fans around the States . " A 1949 Volkswagen Beetle , looking forlorn in the corner . Photo by Volkswagen Rare photos of that first Beetle are shown above - - similar to this dark blue split - window , whose sales on both continents boomed under the efforts of former Opel manager Heinz Nordhoff . By 1955 , the same year Volkswagen established a base of operations in Englewood Cliffs , N.J. , the Wolfsburg plant had already churned out one million cars . ( " If Beetles drove in three rows , " proclaimed a German commercial in 1955 , " They would form an uninterrupted row from Prince Edward Island to Gibraltar . " ) Like the Citroรซn 2CV and the Fiat 500 , Volkswagen was smart enough never to underestimate the demand for cheap , affordable postwar transportation . As the fourth most influential car in history , the Beetle proved it . It ' s worth noting that on this anniversary of the Beetle , Volkswagen mourned a loss of its own . The last Type 2 Kombi bus ever made rolled into permanent storage in Germany , as the final chapter of Volkswagen ' s second influential car - - a story that lasted from the roots of the Beetle all the way to Brazil . Pon , again , makes a notable appearance here : In 1947 he sketched what would later become the Type 2 van , an act that would neatly make up for his initial failure selling the Beetle . By Blake Z . Rong See more by this author READ THIS NEXT | [
"VOLKSWAGEN"
] |
http://autumnlakehcalicemanor.com/ | Subacute Rehab Pulmonary Care Wound Care A SETTING SO COMFORTABLE YOULL FEEL RIGHT AT HOME Our highly rated communitybased center delivers a recovery experience that will be remembered for the warmth we exude and the clinical excellence we provide A HAVEN OF HEALING COMFORT Autumn Lake Healthcare at Alice Manor is proud to offer Baltimore City a comprehensive continuum of subacute rehab skilled nursing and longterm care in a warm and comfortable setting We focus on reducing our patients length of stay via individualized care plans minimizing hospital readmissions and assuring a quick and safe return home | [
"Autumn Lake",
"Alice Manor",
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http://av1611.com/kjbp/kjv-dictionary/dog.html | KJV Dictionary Definition : dog dog DOG , n . 1 . A species of quadrupeds , belonging to the genus Canis , of many varieties , as the mastiff , the hound , the spaniel , the shepherds dog , the terrier , the harrier , the bloodhound , &c . 2 . It is used for male , when applied to several other animals ; as a dog - fox ; a dog - otter ; dog - ape . It is prefixed to other words , denoting what is mean , degenerate or worthless ; as dog - rose . 3 . An andiron , so named from the figure of a dogs head on the top . 4 . A term of reproach or contempt given to a man . 5 . A constellation called Sirius or Canicula . See Dog - day . 6 . An iron hook or bar with a sharp fang , used by seamen . 7 . An iron used by sawyers to fasten a log of timber in a saw - pit . 8 . A gay young man ; a buck . Not in use . To give or throw to the dogs , is to throw away , as useless . To go to the dogs , is to be ruined . DOG , v.t. To hunt ; to follow insidiously or indefatigably ; to follow close ; to urge ; to worry with importunity . I have been pursued , dogged and way - laid . dogged DOGGED , pp . 1 . Pursued closely ; urged frequently and importunately . 2 . a . Sullen ; sour ; morose ; surly ; severe . dogging DOGGING , ppr . from dog . Hunting ; pursuing incessantly or importunately . | [
"dog",
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http://av1611.com/kjbp/kjv-dictionary/earth.html | KJV Dictionary Definition : earth earth EARTH , n . erth . 1 . Earth , in its primary sense , signifies the particles which compose the mass of the globe , but more particularly the particles which form the fine mold on the surface of the globe ; or it denotes any indefinite mass or portion of that matter . We throw up earth with a spade or plow ; we fill a pit or ditch with earth ; we form a rampart with earth . This substance being considered , by ancient philosophers , as simple , was called an element ; and in popular language , we still hear 2 . In chimistry , the term earth was , till lately , employed to denote a simple elementary body or substance , tasteless , inodorous , uninflammable and infusible . But it has also been applied to substances which have a very sensible alkaline taste , as lime . The primitive earths are reckoned ten in number , viz , silex , alumin , lime , magnesia , baryte , strontian , zircon , glucin , yttria and thorina . Recent experiments prove that most or all of them are compounds of oxygen with bases , some of which 3 . The terraqueous globe which we inhabit . The earth is nearly spherical , but a little flatted at the poles , and hence its figure is called an oblate spheroid . It is one of the primary planets , revolving round the sun in an orbit which is between those of Venus and Mars . It is nearly eight thousand miles in diameter , and twenty five thousand miles in circumference . Its distance from the sun is about ninety five millions of miles , and its annual revolution constitutes the year of 365 days , 5 hours 4 . The world , as opposed to other scenes of existence . 5 . The inhabitants of the globe . The whole earth was of one language . Gen . 11 . 6 . Dry land , opposed to the sea . God called the dry land earth . Gen . 1 . 7 . Country ; region ; a distinct part of the globe . In this sense , land or soil is more generally used . In scripture , earth is used for a part of the world . Ezra . 1.2 8 . The ground ; the surface of the earth . He fell to the earth . The ark was lifted above the earth . In the second month - - was the earth dried . Gen . 8 . 9 . In scripture , things on the earth , are carnal , sensual , temporary things ; opposed to heavenly , spiritual or divine things . 10 . Figuratively , a low condition . Rev . 12 . 11 . from ear , L . aro , to plow . The act of turning up the ground in tillage . Not used . EARTH , v.t. To hide in the earth . The fox is earthed . 1 . To cover with earth or mold . EARTH , v.i. To retire under ground ; to burrow . Here foxes earthed . | [
"earth",
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http://av1611.com/kjbp/kjv-dictionary/footstool.html | KJV Dictionary F footstool ยซ footstep for ยป KJV Dictionary Definition : footstool footstool FOOT ' STOOL , n . A stool for the feet ; that which supports the feet of one when sitting . To make enemies a footstool , is to reduce them to entire subjection . Ps . 110 . Definitions from Webster ' s American Dictionary of the English Language , 1828 For a complete Scripture study system , try SwordSearcher Bible Software , which includes the unabridged version of this dictionary . Once you experience the swiftness and ease - of - use SwordSearcher gives you right on your own computer , combined with the most powerful search features available , you will never want to use the web to do online study again . Includes tens of thousands of topical , encyclopedic , dictionary , and commentary entries all linked to verses , fully searchable by topic or verse reference . More info Watch demo videos | [
"footstool",
"KJV Dictionary"
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http://av1611.com/kjbp/kjv-dictionary/holiness.html | KJV Dictionary Definition : holiness holiness HO ' LINESS , n . from holy . The state of being holy ; purity or integrity of moral character ; freedom from sin ; sanctity . Applied to the Supreme Being , holiness denotes perfect purity or integrity of moral character , one of his essential attributes . Who is like thee , glorious in holiness ? Ex . 15 . 1 . Applied to human beings , holiness is purity of heart or dispositions ; sanctified affections ; piety ; moral goodness , but not perfect . We see piety and holiness ridiculed as morose singularities . 2 . Sacredness ; the state of any thing hallowed , or consecrated to God or to his worship ; applied to churches or temples . 3 . That which is separated to the service of God . Israel was holiness unto the Lord . Jer . 2 . 4 . A title of the pope , and formerly of the Greek emperors . holy HO ' LY , a . 1 . Properly , whole , entire or perfect , in a moral sense . Hence , pure in heart , temper or dispositions ; free from sin and sinful affections . Applied to the Supreme Being , holy signifies perfectly pure , immaculate and complete in moral character ; and man is more or less holy , as his heart is more or less sanctified , or purified from evil dispositions . We call a man holy , when his heart is conformed in some degree to the image of God , and his life is regulated by the Be ye holy ; for I am holy . 1 pet . 1 . 2 . Hallowed ; consecrated or set apart to a sacred use , or to the service or worship of God ; a sense frequent in Scripture ; as the holy sabbath ; holy oil ; holy vessels ; a holy nation ; the holy temple ; a holy priesthood . 3 . Proceeding from pious principles , or directed to pious purposes ; as holy zeal . 4 . Perfectly just and good ; as the holy law of God . 5 . Sacred ; as a holy witness . Holy of holies , in Scripture , the innermost apartment of the Jewish tabernacle or temple , where the ark was kept , and where no person entered , except the high priest , once a year . Holy Ghost , or Holy Spirit , the Divine Spirit ; the third person in the Trinity ; the sanctifier of souls . Holy war , a war undertaken to rescue the holy land , the ancient Judea , from the infidels ; a crusade ; an expedition carried on by christians against the Saracens in the eleventh , twelfth and thirteenth centuries ; a war carried on in a most unholy manner . | [
"holiness",
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http://av1611.com/kjbp/kjv-dictionary/joy.html | KJV Dictionary Definition : joy joy JOY , n . 1 . The passion or emotion excited by the acquisition or expectation of good ; that excitement of pleasurable feelings which is caused by success , good fortune , the gratification of desire or some good possessed , or by a rational prospect of possessing what we love or desire ; gladness ; exultation ; exhilaration of spirits . Joy is a delight of the mind , from the consideration of the present or assured approaching possession of a good . Bring heavenly balm to heal my country ' s wounds , Joy to my soul and transport to my lay . 2 . Gayety ; mirth ; festivity . The roofs with joy resound . 3 . Happiness ; felicity . Her heavenly form beheld , all wished her joy . 4 . A glorious and triumphant state . - - Who for the joy that was set before him , endured the cross . Heb . 12 . 5 . The cause of joy or happiness . For ye are our glory and joy . 1 Thess 2 . 6 . A term of fondness ; the cause of you . JOY , v.i. To rejoice ; to be glad ; to exult . I will joy in the God of my salvation . Hab . 3 . JOY , v.t. To give joy to ; to congratulate ; to entertain kindly . 1 . To gladden ; to exhilarate . My soul was joyed in vain . 2 . To enjoy ; to have or possess with pleasure , or to have pleasure in the possession of . Little used . See Enjoy . joyed JOY ' ED , pp . Gladdened ; enjoyed . | [
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http://av1611.com/kjbp/kjv-dictionary/sorrow.html | KJV Dictionary Definition : sorrow sorrow SOR ' ROW , n . The uneasiness or pain of mind which is produced by the loss of any good . or of frustrated hopes of good , or expected loss of happiness ; to grieve ; to be sad . I rejoice not that ye were made sorry , but the ye sorrowed to repentance . I Cor . 7 . Sorrowing most of all for the words which be spoke , that they should see his face no more . Acts 20 . sorrowed SOR ' ROWED , pp . Accompanied with sorrow . Not in use . sorrowful SOR ' ROWFUL , A . 1 . Sad ; grieving for the loss of some good , or on account of some expected evil . 2 . Deeply serious ; depressed ; dejected . I Sam . 1 . 3 . Producing sorrow ; exciting grief ; mournful ; as a sorrowful accident . 4 . Expressing grief ; accompanied with grief ; as sorrowful meat . Job 6 . sorrowfulness SOR ' ROWFULNESS , n . State of being sorrowful ; grief . sorrowing SOR ' ROWING , ppr . Feeling sorrow , grief or regret . SOR ' ROWING , n . Expression of sorrow . | [
"sorrow",
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http://av1611.com/kjbp/kjv-dictionary/stagger.html | KJV Dictionary Definition : stagger stagger STAGGER , v.t . 1 . To reel ; to vacillate ; to move to one side and the other in standing or walking ; not to stand or walk with steadiness . Deep was the wound ; he staggerd with the blow . 2 . To fail ; to cease to stand firm ; to begin to give way . The enemy staggers . 3 . To hesitate ; to begin to doubt and waver in purpose ; to become less confident or determined . Abraham staggered not at the promise of God through unbelief . Romans 4 . staggered STAGGERED , pp . Made to reel ; made to doubt and waver . staggering STAGGERING , ppr . Causing to reel , to waver or to doubt . STAGGERING , n . 1 . The act of reeling . 2 . The cause of staggering . staggeringly STAGGERINGLY , adv . 1 . In a reeling manner . 2 . With hesitation or doubt . staggers STAGGERS , n . plu . 1 . A disease of horses and cattle , attended with reeling or giddiness ; also , a disease of sheep , which inclines them to turn about suddenly . 2 . Madness ; wild irregular conduct . Not in use . | [
"stagger",
"KJV Dictionary"
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http://av1611.com/kjbp/kjv-dictionary/strife.html | KJV Dictionary Definition : strife strife STRIFE , n . See Strive . 1 . Exertion or contention for superiority ; contest of emulation , either by intellectual or physical efforts . Strife may be carried on between students or between mechanics . Thus Gods contended , noble strife , who most should ease the wants of life . 2 . Contention in anger or enmity ; contest ; struggle for victory ; quarrel or war . I and my people were at great strife with the children of Ammon . Judges 12 . These vows thus granted , raisd a strife above betwixt the god of war and queen of love . 3 . Opposition ; contrariety ; contrast . Artificial strife lives in these touches livelier than life . 4 . The agitation produced by different qualities ; as the strife of acid and alkali . Little used . strifeful STRIFEFUL , a . Contentious ; discordant . The ape was strifeful and ambitious and the fox guileful and most covetous . | [
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http://avajava.com/tutorials/lessons/how-do-i-use-numberformat-to-format-currencies.html | How do I use NumberFormat to format currencies ? Author : Deron Eriksson Description : This Java tutorial describes how to use NumberFormat to format currencies . Tutorial created using : Windows XP | | JDK 1 . 5 . 0_09 | | Eclipse Web Tools Platform 2.0 ( Eclipse 3.3.0 ) To format a number according to a particular currency , we can call NumberFormat . getCurrencyInstance ( ) to get a format object . Calling format ( ) on this object with our number will format our number according to the currency of the default locale . To format a number for a different currency , we can pass the particular desired locale to NumberFormat . getCurrencyInstance ( ) , which will return a format object for that particular currency . The CurrencyFormatTest class demonstrates formatting a double in US dollars and in Swedish kronor . CurrencyFormatTest . java package test ; import java . text . NumberFormat ; import java . util . Locale ; public class CurrencyFormatTest { public static void main ( String [] args ) throws Exception { double num = 1323.526 ; NumberFormat defaultFormat = NumberFormat . getCurrencyInstance ( ) ; System . out . println ( " US : " + defaultFormat . format ( num ) ) ; Locale swedish = new Locale ( " sv " " SE " ) ; NumberFormat swedishFormat = NumberFormat . getCurrencyInstance ( swedish ) ; System . out . println ( " Swedish : " + swedishFormat . format ( num ) ) ; } } The output of CurrencyFormatTest is shown here : US : $ 1,323.53 Swedish : 1 ๏ฟฝ 323 , 53 kr | [
"NumberFormat to format currencies"
] |
http://avalon.edu/2013/04/remove-glued-hair-extensions/ | Home Programs & Enrollment Financial Aid Salon & Spa Services Request Info About Locations Student Life Blog April 3 , 2013 How to Remove Glued Hair Extensions For those who want to change their looks dramatically , hair extensions offer the perfect combination of versatility and length . Although sew - ins are a very popular method of attaching extensions , glued hair is another approach that many people have been experimenting with . Instead of having to contend with sewn closures or the temporariness of clip - ins , glue - ins allow individuals to apply extensions on a strand - by - strand level . It is not surprising that people have been turning to this option more often as of late . Pros of Glued Hair Extensions Versatility : The hair can be curly , straight , or wavy . It can also be made from human hair or it can be synthetic . You can even choose between different lengths and colors until you have the combination you are looking for . Polished Final Look : When installation is complete , it is very difficult for people to tell if your hair has extensions in it or not . Long Lasting : Glue - ins can be worn for up to 4 months . This makes them ideal for those who like their hair to be low maintenance . Cons of Glued Hair Extensions Heat : This technique involves the application of hot glue through a glue applicator . Beyond the risks of getting burned during the installation , heat damage to your hair is another legitimate concern . Potential Hair Loss : Most hair extensions come with a certain amount of risk when it comes to hair loss and damage . Since the glued hair adds weight to the hair and stresses the scalp , breakage and loss is another factor that needs to be taken into account . Price : Although glue - ins can be very cost - effective , the costs of removal and maintenance can add up quickly over time . Removing Hair Extensions Whether you are saving money , getting ready for a new installation , or both , it is important that the hair is taken out as safely as possible . Here are a few ways to do that : Using Oil to Removed Glued Hair Extensions One way that you can get the glue bonds out of your hair is with oil . You can choose between almond , olive , or baby oil depending on what you can get your hands on . After letting the oil sit on the extension for at least 15 minutes , you should be able to comb the loosened bond out of your hair . If it does not work out , you can repeat the process for as many times as necessary . Using Dish Soap Although the specifics of this one will largely depend on the type of glue you are using , dish soap is another effective means of removing glue bonds from your hair . Start by taking the dish soap and rubbing it around the glue . To start seeing the results of this method , you will have to let the soap sit for an hour or two . After that has been dealt with , you can start removing the bonds . In order to deal with the remaining soap , just wash your hair out . Hair Conditioner Believe it or not , conditioner is a great multi - use hair product . In order to use it for glue bond removal , however , you have to start with wet hair . After this first rinse , you need to place a generous amount of conditioner onto your hair and then let it sit under a towel for about 20 minutes . From there , you simply rinse the conditioner out and gently comb the remaining glue out of your hair . If it does not come out the first time , then simply repeat the process Peanut Butter If you are planning to remove your glue bonds without using a bought removal cream , peanut butter is an excellent substitute . Much like with the three previous methods mentioned , you use peanut butter by first applying it to your glue adherents and then letting it sit for 15 - 30 minutes . Over time , the glue bonds should loosen and allow you pull them off without too much trouble . The key here is making sure that the peanut butter is given enough time to work . As you can see , although glue hair bonds come with their advantages , there are certain precautions that need to be taken with them . Fortunately , there are a number of ways that glue - in hair extension wearers can affordably remove their bonds . Once you are able to get your glued extensions out , you can try some vintage hairstyles or holiday hairstyles Here at the Avalon Beauty School of Cosmetology , your hair is our first priority . Contact us to find out more about hair extensions or any of our other affordable services . beauty tips hair hair extensions Comments are closed . Programs Cosmetology When it comes to beauty schools , Avalon is among the best . Learn More Makeup Artistry Learn the fundamentals of modern beauty makeup , as well as skincare and color theory . Learn More Esthetics Our Esthetics courses can teach you the skills you โ ll need to know to become a skincare professional . Financial Aid to the Rescue Scholarships These days , money is tight for everyone . Luckily , with the help of financial aid you do n โ t have to wait for the economy to improve , or for your grandmother โ s lottery ticket to come through . Follow locations Aurora , CO 2231 S Peoria Street Aurora , CO 80014 303 - 752 - 1560 Layton , UT 1992 W Antelope Dr Layton , UT 84041 801 - 614 - 5040 Mesa , AZ 2111 S Alma School Rd Mesa , AZ 85210 480 - 897 - 1688 Phoenix , AZ 410 E . Bell Rd . Suite G100 Phoenix , AZ 85022 602 - 443 - 0076 Alameda , CA 2318 Central Ave Alameda , CA 94501 510 - 523 - 0560 | [
"GLUED HAIR EXTENSIONS",
"Versatility",
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http://avalon.law.yale.edu/17th_century/england.asp | English Bill of Rights 1689 An Act Declaring the Rights and Liberties of the Subject and Settling the Succession of the Crown Whereas the Lords Spiritual and Temporal and Commons assembled at Westminster , lawfully , fully and freely representing all the estates of the people of this realm , did upon the thirteenth day of February in the year of our Lord one thousand six hundred eighty - eight [ old style date ] present unto their Majesties , then called and known by the names and style of William and Mary , prince and princess of Orange , being present in their proper persons , a certain declaration in writing made by the said Lords and Commons in the words Whereas the late King James the Second , by the assistance of divers evil counsellors , judges and ministers employed by him , did endeavour to subvert and extirpate the Protestant religion and the laws and liberties of this kingdom ; By assuming and exercising a power of dispensing with and suspending of laws and the execution of laws without consent of Parliament ; By committing and prosecuting divers worthy prelates for humbly petitioning to be excused from concurring to the said assumed power ; By issuing and causing to be executed a commission under the great seal for erecting a court called the Court of Commissioners for Ecclesiastical Causes ; By levying money for and to the use of the Crown by pretence of prerogative for other time and in other manner than the same was granted by Parliament ; By raising and keeping a standing army within this kingdom in time of peace without consent of Parliament , and quartering soldiers contrary to law ; By causing several good subjects being Protestants to be disarmed at the same time when papists were both armed and employed contrary to law ; By violating the freedom of election of members to serve in Parliament ; By prosecutions in the Court of King ' s Bench for matters and causes cognizable only in Parliament , and by divers other arbitrary and illegal courses ; And whereas of late years partial corrupt and unqualified persons have been returned and served on juries in trials , and particularly divers jurors in trials for high treason which were not freeholders ; And excessive bail hath been required of persons committed in criminal cases to elude the benefit of the laws made for the liberty of the subjects ; And excessive fines have been imposed ; And illegal and cruel punishments inflicted ; And several grants and promises made of fines and forfeitures before any conviction or judgment against the persons upon whom the same were to be levied ; All which are utterly and directly contrary to the known laws and statutes and freedom of this realm ; And whereas the said late King James the Second having abdicated the government and the throne being thereby vacant , his Highness the prince of Orange ( whom it hath pleased Almighty God to make the glorious instrument of delivering this kingdom from popery and arbitrary power ) did ( by the advice of the Lords Spiritual and Temporal and divers principal persons of the Commons ) cause letters to be written to the Lords Spiritual and Temporal being Protestants , and other letters to the several counties , cities , universities , boroughs and cinque ports , for the choosing of such persons to represent them as were And thereupon the said Lords Spiritual and Temporal and Commons , pursuant to their respective letters and elections , being now assembled in a full and free representative of this nation , taking into their most serious consideration the best means for attaining the ends aforesaid , do in the first place ( as their ancestors in like case have usually done ) for the vindicating and asserting their ancient rights and liberties declare That the pretended power of suspending the laws or the execution of laws by regal authority without consent of Parliament is illegal ; That the pretended power of dispensing with laws or the execution of laws by regal authority , as it hath been assumed and exercised of late , is illegal ; That the commission for erecting the late Court of Commissioners for Ecclesiastical Causes , and all other commissions and courts of like nature , are illegal and pernicious ; That levying money for or to the use of the Crown by pretence of prerogative , without grant of Parliament , for longer time , or in other manner than the same is or shall be granted , is illegal ; That it is the right of the subjects to petition the king , and all commitments and prosecutions for such petitioning are illegal ; That the raising or keeping a standing army within the kingdom in time of peace , unless it be with consent of Parliament , is against law ; That the subjects which are Protestants may have arms for their defence suitable to their conditions and as allowed by law ; That election of members of Parliament ought to be free ; That the freedom of speech and debates or proceedings in Parliament ought not to be impeached or questioned in any court or place out of Parliament ; That excessive bail ought not to be required , nor excessive fines imposed , nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted ; That jurors ought to be duly impanelled and returned , and jurors which pass upon men in trials for high treason ought to be freeholders ; That all grants and promises of fines and forfeitures of particular persons before conviction are illegal and void ; And that for redress of all grievances , and for the amending , strengthening and preserving of the laws , Parliaments ought to be held frequently . And they do claim , demand and insist upon all and singular the premises as their undoubted rights and liberties , and that no declarations , judgments , doings or proceedings to the prejudice of the people in any of the said premises ought in any wise to be drawn hereafter into consequence or example ; to which demand of their rights they are particularly encouraged by the declaration of his Highness the prince of Orange as being the only means for obtaining a full redress and remedy therein . Having therefore an entire confidence that his said Highness the William and Mary , prince and princess of Orange , be and be declared king and queen of England , France and Ireland and the dominions thereunto belonging , to hold the crown and royal dignity of the said kingdoms and dominions to them , the said prince and princess , during their lives and the life of the survivor to them , and that the sole and full exercise of the regal power be only in and executed by the said prince of Orange in the names of the said prince and princess during their joint lives , and after their deceases And that the oaths hereafter mentioned be taken by all persons of whom the oaths have allegiance and supremacy might be required by law , instead of them ; and that the said oaths of allegiance and supremacy be abrogated . I , A.B. , do sincerely promise and swear that I will be faithful and bear true allegiance to their Majesties King William and Queen Mary . So help me God . I , A.B. , do swear that I do from my heart abhor , detest and abjure as impious and heretical this damnable doctrine and position , that princes excommunicated or deprived by the Pope or any authority of the see of Rome may be deposed or murdered by their subjects or any other whatsoever . And I do declare that no foreign prince , person , prelate , state or potentate hath or ought to have any jurisdiction , power , superiority , pre - eminence or authority , ecclesiastical or spiritual , within this realm . So help Upon which their said Majesties did accept the crown and royal dignity of the kingdoms of England , France and Ireland , and the dominions thereunto belonging , according to the resolution and desire of the said Lords and Commons contained in the said declaration . And thereupon their Majesties were pleased that the said Lords Spiritual and Temporal and Commons , being the two Houses of Parliament , should continue to sit , and with their Majesties ' royal concurrence make effectual provision for the settlement of the religion , laws and liberties of this kingdom , so that II . And be it further declared and enacted by the authority aforesaid , that from and after this present session of Parliament no dispensation by _non obstante_ of or to any statute or any part thereof shall be allowed , but that the same shall be held void and of no effect , except a dispensation be allowed of in such statute , and except in such cases as shall be specially provided for by one or more bill or bills to be passed during this present session of Parliament . III . Provided that no charter or grant or pardon granted before the three and twentieth day of October in the year of our Lord one thousand six hundred eighty - nine shall be any ways impeached or invalidated by this Act , but that the same shall be and remain of the same force and effect in law and no other than as if this Act had never been made . 17 th Century Page Constitution Page Avalon Home Document Collections Ancient 4000bce - 399 Medieval 400 - 1399 15 th Century 1400 - 1499 16 Century 1500 - 1599 17 1600 - 1699 18 1700 - 1799 19 1800 - 1899 20 1900 - 1999 21 st 2000 - | [
"English Bill of Rights 1689",
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http://avalon.law.yale.edu/18th_century/fed47.asp | The Federalist Papers : No . 47 Previous Document Contents Next Document The Particular Structure of the New Government and the Distribution of Power Among Its Different Parts From the New York Packet . Friday , February 1 , 1788 . MADISON To the People of the State of New York : HAVING reviewed the general form of the proposed government and the general mass of power allotted to it , I proceed to examine the particular structure of this government , and the distribution of this mass of power among its constituent parts . One of the principal objections inculcated by the more respectable adversaries to the Constitution , is its supposed violation of the political maxim , that the legislative , executive , and judiciary departments ought to be separate and distinct . In the structure of the federal government , no regard , it is said , seems to The accumulation of all powers , legislative , executive , and judiciary , in the same hands , whether of one , a few , or many , and whether hereditary , selfappointed , or elective , may justly be pronounced the very definition of tyranny . Were the federal Constitution , therefore , really chargeable with the accumulation of power , or with a mixture of powers , having a dangerous tendency to such an accumulation , no further arguments would be necessary to inspire a universal reprobation of the system . I persuade myself , however , that On the slightest view of the British Constitution , we must perceive that the legislative , executive , and judiciary departments are by no means totally separate and distinct from each other . The executive magistrate forms an integral part of the legislative authority . He alone has the prerogative of making treaties with foreign sovereigns , which , when made , have , under certain limitations , the force of legislative acts . All the members of the judiciary department are appointed by him , can be removed by him on the address of the two Houses of Parliament This , however , is not among the vices of that constitution . The magistrate in whom the whole executive power resides can not of himself make a law , though he can put a negative on every law ; nor administer justice in person , though he has the appointment of those who do administer it . The judges can exercise no executive prerogative , though they are shoots from the executive stock ; nor any legislative function , though they may be advised with by the legislative councils . The entire legislature can perform no judiciary act , If we look into the constitutions of the several States , we find that , notwithstanding the emphatical and , in some instances , the unqualified terms in which this axiom has been laid down , there is not a single instance in which the several departments of power have been kept absolutely separate and distinct . New Hampshire , whose constitution was the last formed , seems to have been fully aware of the impossibility and inexpediency of avoiding any mixture whatever of these departments , and has qualified the doctrine by declaring " that the legislative , executive As the appointment to offices , particularly executive offices , is in its nature an executive function , the compilers of the Constitution have , in this last point at least , violated the rule established by themselves . I pass over the constitutions of Rhode Island and Connecticut , because they were formed prior to the Revolution , and even before the principle under examination had become an object of political attention . The constitution of New York contains no declaration on this subject ; but appears very clearly to have been framed with an eye to the danger The constitution of New Jersey has blended the different powers of government more than any of the preceding . The governor , who is the executive magistrate , is appointed by the legislature ; is chancellor and ordinary , or surrogate of the State ; is a member of the Supreme Court of Appeals , and president , with a casting vote , of one of the legislative branches . The same legislative branch acts again as executive council of the governor , and with him constitutes the Court of Appeals . The members of the judiciary department are appointed Maryland has adopted the maxim in the most unqualified terms ; declaring that the legislative , executive , and judicial powers of government ought to be forever separate and distinct from each other . Her constitution , notwithstanding , makes the executive magistrate appointable by the legislative department ; and the members of the judiciary by the executive department . The language of Virginia is still more pointed on this subject . Her constitution declares , " that the legislative , executive , and judiciary departments shall be separate and distinct ; so that neither exercise the powers properly belonging The constitution of North Carolina , which declares " that the legislative , executive , and supreme judicial powers of government ought to be forever separate and distinct from each other , ' ' refers , at the same time , to the legislative department , the appointment not only of the executive chief , but all the principal officers within both that and the judiciary department . In South Carolina , the constitution makes the executive magistracy eligible by the legislative department . It gives to the latter , also , the appointment of the members of the judiciary PUBLIUS . 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http://avantgardtheschool.com/?p=404 | The Dangerous Effects of Ammonia in Hair Color By on April 16 , 2014 Non - Ammonia hair color is not a fad , it is not a passing trend that will be replaced by the โ Next Big Thing . โ Most name brand / household names in the beauty business either have , or are in the process of developing a non - ammonia line . Simple dollars and cents tells us that they are not investing millions in a technology that is n โ t here to stay . The question is , why ? Why is now the perfect time for this to be happening ? The answer is that Ammonia is one of the worst offenders found in the beauty business . Ammonia is put into hair color in order to bust through the hair cuticle to deposit color . A consequence of this action is damage to the hair cuticle that ultimately degrades the hair โ s structural integrity . The result overtime is dry , brittle , unhealthy looking hair . No one wants to pay good money for a service that , in the end , leaves your hair in worst shape than when you started . Another consideration is the negative health effects that you Effects of Ammonia include irritation to the : Nose Throat Respiratory System Eyes Skin ( In higher concentrations , ammonia can cause burns to the skin ) With the current technology available , there is no reason that you and your salon professional have to expose yourself to these harmful health effects . That is why Avant Gard the Salon and Avant Gard the School have chosen to exclusively use the 100 % Ammonia Free , Organic Color Systems Hair Color . They use only the highest quality certified organic ingredients in their production , while maintaining a full spectrum of vibrant colors to choose from . Our salon and school can offer unparalleled grey coverage with this line as well . Your well being is our Source : http : / / www . atsdr . cdc . gov / toxprofiles / tp126 . pdf | [
"AMMONIA IN HAIR COLOR",
"DANGEROUS EFFECTS",
"Respiratory System"
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http://avantyconstruction.com/wp/mold-mildew/ | Mold & Mildew โ Why are mold , mildew and moisture in my home ? โ โ How can these problems affect the sale of my home ? โ โ Can installing a radon mitigation system possibly correct these issues ? โ These are some of the questions I โ ve been asked by home owners during my 20 years of installing radon mitigation systems in Maryland . My answer surprises many people . I tell them that moisture in basements or crawlspaces can be greatly reduced with a properly installed radon system . This is something we in the radon industry have known about for years , and now there are studies to prove it ! An Environmental Protection Agency ( EPA ) study titled โ Exploratory Study of Basement Moisture during Operation of ASD Radon Control Systems โ http : / / www . epa . gov / radon / pdfs / moisturestudy . pdf ) states in it โ s abstract that : โ ASD ( active soil depressurization ) operation can produce significant moisture reductions in the basement air and walls โ . Simply put , a radon system installed to remove deadly gas from a person โ s home or business provides the added benefit of significantly lowering moisture levels that , in turn , reduce the presence of mold and mildew . The whole issue with mold or mildew is one thing โ WATER ! The mold can not exist without the presence of WATER . This fact is crucial because when a home has a leak , whether it is from plumbing pipes , hot water tanks , or that pesky wall in the basement that gets damp when it rains , these leaks can lead to mold and mildew issues . Even if you have no visible leaks , a significant amount of moisture could be entering your home though the foundation walls and from under the basement slab . So where do we go from here ? The first step is to know your home . This point is the most important ! Like your body will show you signs when you are starting to get sick , most homes will show signs of mold or have that musty smell . AVANTY โ S SUPER MONEY SAVING TIP ! If you are getting damp or wet basement walls most of the time the repair is simple and inexpensive to repair . Water proofing companies will tell you it will cost thousands of dollars to fix the problem and will tear up a large portion of your basement slab . The truth is if you walk around your home and really look , what is making the wall wet on the inside is usually bad gutters or downspouts , a sump ejector pipe pouring water back towards the home , or that the landscaping around the home does not slope So now you have checked for and corrected any obvious leaks in your home . If the basement is still damp and has an odor , this is where the Radon System comes in . A radon system creates a vacuum under the slab that pulls out the deadly gas and exhausts it outside the home where it can do no harm . In turn , the system also pulls out large quantities of moisture in the form of vapor and exhausts it outside of the home . It โ s the same effect as a when a fan dries โ But I have a dehumidifier in my basement to help remove excess moisture . โ EPA studies of a dehumidifier โ s performance vs . an active radon system are incredible . On average , a dehumidifier can remove up to 3.5 gallons of water per day from the air in your basement . That water is either collected in a pan which you need to carry around and drain into a sink somewhere or you have a hose draining the water into the sump pit . The problem with the latter is that you are just recycling the same water through the air in your basement and never getting it out of the home and allowing the basement to dry . A radon system can remove as much as 19 gallons of water per day from the air in your basement and deposits it outside your house . From a cost analysis , a new , efficient dehumidifier will be about $ 15 per month to run ; older models can be significantly higher than that . A radon system costs around $ 7 per month to run . SUMMARY and CONCLUSIONS Radon systems for Maryland homeowners that are installed by a licensed , experienced contractor offer a multitude of benefits : - Breeches that allow radon gas into the home are sealed . - Dangerous radon gas is expelled from the home . - As an added benefit , excess moisture is also removed from the home . - Removing moisture in your home reduces mold and mildew , helps to eliminate the water source for bugs and rodents , and can save you money on your electric bills in the summer by reducing the humidity load on your A / C unit . Radon systems save lives and when you include the extra benefits of dehumidification and saving electricity ; it is a no brainer to have one installed in your home now . Homes today are usually tested for radon gas as well as for the presence of mold during the inspection process of a real estate transaction . If test results show high levels of radon gas in the home , or evidence of a mold problem , the Seller almost always pays to install the mitigation system and fix the mold issue . Why not reap the benefits of the There are testing kits for both radon and mold that can be found in your local home improvement store . The EPA web site has a ton of great info on all aspects of mold and even how to clean it up . It is also the source of some of the information you have just read . Remember , solving mold issues is as simple as taking away the moisture it needs to survive . This process can take a few steps to achieve , but the installation of a radon system is an integral part of the indoor | [
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http://avatar-moving.com/faq/how-does-moving-insurance-work | How does moving insurance work ? Can you please inform me how moving insurance works for full service moving companies ? Chris Noblit Sat , 03 / 12 / 2016 - 21 : 07 Permalink Thank you for your great โฆ Thank you for your great question ! Let me start off by explaining that moving companies generally do not offer " insurance . " Rather , they offer tariff based loss / damage liability which moving companies call " valuation . " Although mover ' s " valuation " functions much the same as insurance it has many distinct differences and it is incorrect to refer to it as " insurance . " Here is an article about the difference between valuation and insurance which will help explain the differences to you . Now onto your question ! If you receive a moving cost estimate from a moving company and you ask " does this price include insurance " the mover will most likely say " yes . " However , you should ask " what type of insurance ? " because the mover has most likely included only the very basic tariff valuation of $ 0.60 per pound per article which - - if your shipment was to weigh 10,000 pounds ( which is a lot of stuff ! ) - - would provide you with $ 6,000 should your shipment suffer a catastrophic loss ( 10,000 Therefore , if your shipment experienced a total loss and you had selected the $ 0.60 per pound per article loss / damage valuation then you may be out up to $ 54,000 ( $ 54,000 being the $ 60,000 true replacement value less the $ 0.60 per pound valuation you selected ) . Such a loss would harm you greatly . You should be aware that most movers offer optional full replacement value loss / damage valuation which - - at our company ' s present rate structure - - would have the following costs for $ 60,000 of full replacement valuation . . . $ 560.00 ( with a $ 0.00 deductible ) $ 392.00 ( with a $ 250.00 deductible ) $ 322.00 ( with a $ 500.00 deductible ) It would certainly be wise of you to ask your mover " what kind of insurance is included in your price " and to inquire as to the additional cost of full replacement value coverage . At the very least , you should go into your relocation knowing exactly what you are covered for and what your potential loss might be if your shipment experiences a once in a million catastrophic loss . Further detail may be obtained by reading the article The ABC ' s of Moving Insurance . . .or by browsing all of our moving insurance ( valuation ) articles I hope this answered your question and please do n ' t hesitate to ask any other questions you may have ! Cost estimates and project consultations are provided free and without sales pressure or obligation : click here to complete our free web estimate form and we ' ll contact you in short order , or call us at ( 631 ) 775 - 9815 if you need to speak with us immediately ! | [
"moving insurance"
] |
http://avatar.wikia.com/wiki/Air_Nomad_Genocide | in Protected Featured articles Aclass articles Air Nomad Genocide English Share With Roku gone and the great comet returning the timing was perfect to change the world I knew the next Avatar would be born an Air Nomad so I wiped out the air temples But somehow the new Avatar eluded me I wasted the remainder of my life searching in vain I know hes hiding out there somewhere The Fire Nations greatest threat the last airbender Sozin narrating his memoirs regarding the genocide Air Nomad Genocide General information Previous Peasant Uprising in Ba Sing Se Next Unknown eventually Battle of Han Tui Date Late summer 0 AG Place Eastern Air Temple Northern Air Temple Southern Air Temple Western Air Temple Outcome Obliteration of Air Nomads Decisive Fire Nation victory Combatants Air Nomads Fire Nation Commanders Council of Elders Fire Lord Sozin Unknown Fire Nation Army commander Forces involved Airbenders Firebending soldiers Nonbending soldiers Casualties All except Avatar Aang Heavy Appearances First appearance The Avatar and the Fire Lord only appearance The Air Nomad Genocide was an enormous massacre committed by the Fire Nation that resulted in the near eradication of the Air Nomads and the fauna that lived in the air temples The only human survivor of the initial attack and its aftermath was Avatar Aang who was ironically the prime target The outrage over this cultural destruction compelled the Earth Kingdom and the Water Tribe to take up arms and declare war on the Fire Nation leading to the largescale war that continued for one hundred years Contents show History Prelude The Eastern Air Temple flourished before the genocide After Fire Lord Sozin left Avatar Roku to succumb to the toxic fumes he inhaled during the volcanic eruption on his island Sozin commenced to execute his plans to spread the Fire Nations state of peace and wealth to the rest of the world to bring forth a brighter future Sozin knew that Rokus successor would be reborn as an Air Nomad thus he planned an initial surprise attack against the Air Nomads The assault was timed to take place during the arrival of the Great Comet later dubbed Sozins Comet as it gave his firebenders an enormous power advantage Due to the threat of oncoming war the Council of Elders told Aang of his identity as the Avatar at the age of twelve when under normal circumstances the Avatar is told of his or her identity at the age of sixteen Despite this Gyatso believing Aang should have a normal childhood continued to engage him in fun and games This prompted a decision by Pasang and the rest of the Council of Elders to separate the two and send Aang to the Eastern Air Temple to complete his airbending training This conversation however was overheard by Aang who had been eavesdropping from a secret hiding place Unable to deal with the weight of his new status and the path the head monks had chosen for him he abandoned his home with Appa Caught in a storm shortly afterward Aang and Appa plunged into the ocean Deep underneath the surface the Avatar State was activated as a defense mechanism and utilizing both airbending and waterbending the Avatar Stateinduced Aang encased himself and Appa in a block of ice saving them both from the immediate threat of drowning and Sozins imminent assault against the Air Nomads Genocide Even though the Fire Nation eventually exterminated the Air Nomads their losses were heavy as well attested by the many corpses left in the air temples It is uncertain how the Fire Nations armies managed to reach the Air Nomad temples in the very highly elevated areas of mountain ranges as Aang stated that the only way to reach an air temple is with a flying bison Some temples such as the Eastern Air Temple appear to have suffered more damage than others unlike the still relatively intact Western Air Temple Despite being a pacifistic culture the Air Nomads fought back against their attackers with a fair amount of success as evidenced by the dozens of firebending corpses surrounding the skeleton of Monk Gyatso Ultimately however they were no match for the sheer numbers and firepower of their opponents A small number of Air Nomads escaped the initial attack on the temples and proved too elusive for the Fire Nation to hunt down Changing tactics Fire Lord Sozin removed relics from the temples and had a number of small residences high in the mountains furnished with them giving these places the appearance of being inhabited by other Air Nomad refugees Using spies to spread rumors about these safe houses throughout the Earth Kingdom population Sozin successfully lured the remaining airbenders into the hands of waiting Fire Nation soldiers and eliminated them Aftermath Immediate Aang was the sole survivor of the Air Nomad Genocide and its aftermath The only airbender known to have survived the genocide was the one that the Fire Nation sought to kill in its quest for world supremacy the Avatar Aang By running away from the temple ignorant of the imminent attacks against the Air Nomads he saved himself Aang however later felt guilty about fleeing and believed he could have defeated the invading Fire Nation forces and saved his people if he had stayed Sozin spent the last twenty years of his life looking for Aang who by that time had been frozen in a submerged iceberg for several years and eventually died at the age of 102 without ever finding him Sozins legacy to the world was a war that had begun with the Air Nomad Genocide and would last a hundred years General The Air Nomad Genocide was eventually followed by a propaganda campaign in the Fire Nation By 100 AG children were taught that Sozin battled the Air Nation Army completely omitting the fact that the Air Nomads were a peaceful people and did not have a formal army of their own Nevertheless this warped form of the history was generally considered correct by Fire Nation citizens The other nations meanwhile had lost most knowledge of the Air Nomads causing them as well as the flying bison to mostly be considered part of ancient myths and false legends Intellectuals and elders were those who generally knew most of the Air Nomads but even to them they were part of an ancient and virtually dead culture Gyatso s skeleton was found in the Southern Air Temple One hundred years after the genocide Katara and Sokka freed Aang and Appa from their frozen state Afterward Aang soon learned of the fate of the Air Nomads He revisited his former home the Southern Air Temple still hopeful that a few Air Nomads would have survived the attacks but he discovered countless Fire Nation corpses along with Gyatsos frail skeleton His absence during the genocide of his people would frequently plague him causing him many bouts of shame along with feelings of insurmountable grief However not all air temples were left alone and in ruins for one hundred years the Northern Air Temple was rediscovered by Earth Kingdom refugees around 90 AG Forced from their homes by a flood years before they stumbled upon the abandoned temple and made it their new home Their leader the mechanist strongly modified the temple with his inventions creating a safe haven for his people When Aang eventually arrived at the Northern temple during their journey the Avatar was angry at the new inhabitants for what he saw as vandalizing the home of his people However Aang relented after seeing Teo s airbender spirit and how the refugees defended their new home against the Fire Nation Aang stated that just like the hermit crab he saw earlier they had found a new shell to call home and allowed them to stay By 171 AG the air temples were restored to their former glory and maintained by the Air Acolytes who made them their home In order to preserve the Air Nomad culture Avatar Aang founded the Air Acolytes in 101 AG Part of an international group of monks and nuns they carry on the teachings culture and traditions of the Air Nomads through practice and have restored the air temples by 171 AG Though the airbender population is still crippled beyond sustainability the population has slowly begun rising with the birth of Aang and Kataras son Tenzin who in turn also has a family with three known airbenders Jinora Ikki and Meelo Following Harmonic Convergence in 171 AG airbending has resurfaced in a number of nonbending citizens across the world Appearances Avatar The Last Airbender Book Three Fire ็ซ 306 The Avatar and the Fire Lord flashback Trivia After the Air Nomad Genocide Aang found an island inhabited by a different species of flying bison and wingedlemurs These included ringtailed winged lemurs and sky bison with more stripes on their back The genocide was nearly completed by Sozins greatgranddaughter Azula when she killed Aang with a lightning strike during the Coup of Ba Sing Se The Air Nomad Genocide shares many similarities with the Great Jedi Purge from the Star Wars franchise In both a pacifist race is virtually annihilated when an aggressive and imperialist nation betrays them and invades their stronghold air templesJedi Temple annihilating them to near extinction All survivors were eventually hunted down and killed save for one AangLuke Skywalker who would eventually defeat the aggressive nation responsible for the genocide and restore their respective orders References 10 11 12 Ehasz Elizabeth Welch writer Spaulding Ethan director October 26 2007 The Avatar and the Fire Lord Avatar The Last Airbender Season 3 Episode 6 Nickelodeon 20 21 22 23 DiMartino Michael Dante writer MacMullan Lauren director February 25 2005 The Southern Air Temple Avatar The Last Airbender Season 1 Episode 3 Nickelodeon Throughout Avatar The Last Airbender 40 41 Ehasz Aaron writer MacMullan Lauren director June 3 2005 The Storm Avatar The Last Airbender Season 1 Episode 12 Nickelodeon Hamilton Joshua Matte Johane writer Matte Johane artist Kim HyeJung colorist Comicraft letterer Relics May 7 2011 Free Comic Book Day edition Nickelodeon OBryan John writer Dos Santos Joaquim director September 28 2007 The Headband Avatar The Last Airbender Season 3 Episode 2 Nickelodeon 70 71 DiMartino Michael Dante Konietzko Bryan writers Filoni Dave director February 21 2005 The Boy in the Iceberg Avatar The Last Airbender Season 1 Episode 1 Nickelodeon OBryan John writer Volpe Giancarlo director July 14 2006 The Library Avatar The Last Airbender Season 2 Episode 10 Nickelodeon From older Avatar The Last Airbender official site originally on Nickcom link No longer updated encyclopedia now broken though archived here Ehasz Elizabeth Welch writer Filoni Dave director November 4 2005 The Northern Air Temple Avatar The Last Airbender Season 1 Episode 17 Nickelodeon DiMartino Michael Dante Konietzko Bryan Yang Gene Luen writer Sasaki of Gurihiru penciling inking Kawano of Gurihiru colorist Heisler Michael Comicraft letterer The Promise Part Three September 26 2012 Dark Horse Comics Hamilton Joshua writer Heck Colin director November 1 2013 The Guide The Legend of Korra Season 1 Episode 21 Nickelodeon Exclusive Book Three premiere date announcement IGN June 20 2014 Retrieved on June 20 2014 San Diego ComicCon 2011 Ehasz Aaron writer DiMartino Michael Dante director December 1 2006 The Crossroads of Destiny Avatar The Last Airbender Season 2 Episode 20 Nickelodeon Start a Discussion Discussions about Air Nomad Genocide How did Sozin know that Aang survived 5 messages Snoke123 Id assume that killing the Avatar would trigger some kind of event in the temples similar to entering the Avatar state and that af 20181022T111640Z SS Aduka If Aang did die the Avatar Cycle wouldve continued and a Water Bender Avatar wouldve emerged But since one never did Sozin figu 20181124T052030Z a very big problem 23 messages Deist Zealot Yeah thats an advancement of the timeline A retcon would be declaring Malu 20180613T072855Z Neo Bahamut Im gonna go with Harmonic Convergence retcon Korra learning airbending no Because thats just like a future event we were implici 20180613T074831Z See more discussions Categories Protected Featured articles Aclass articles A to Z Battles Battles in the Air temples Events Hundred Year War Languages Deutsch Espaรฑol Suomi Franรงais Bahasa Melayu Nederlands Norsk bokmรฅl Polski Portuguรชs do Brasil ะ ัััะบะธะน | [
"Air Nomad Genocide",
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http://avatar.wikia.com/wiki/Sokka%27s_sword | in A to Z Equipment Objects Sokkas sword English Share Do you think we can make a sword out of a meteorite Well make a sword unlike any other in the world Sokka and Piandao Sokka first used his sword in a duel against Piandao Sokkas sword was a weapon crafted by the young Water Tribe warrior during his swordsmanship training with Piandao It was forged using ore from a recently fallen meteorite and Sokka later referred to it affectionately as his space sword due to the origin of its material The weapon is able to cut through various metals with little to moderate effort and has a distinctive dark hue that can be attributed to the material from which it was forged Sokka bonded with it in a similar fashion as had taken place with his boomerang Contents show History Sokka forged his sword from a fallen meteorite At the start of his training under Piandao Sokka hardly knew the proper way to hold a sword However he had a great natural talent and progressed quickly being able to beat the butler Fat after a single day Three days into his apprenticeship Sokka and Piandao began working on making his sword Sokka decided to make it out of a meteorite he and his friends had encountered earlier and spent days forging the sword After receiving this he blew his Fire Nation cover deliberately prompting Piandao to instigate a duel to the death albeit fake as a final test to make sure that Sokka had learned the necessary skills During this fight Sokka showed how much he had learned about the way of the sword in just a few days showing great resourcefulness and the ability to recognize and exploit every advantage Piandao eventually beat him but was greatly impressed by his progress and said that Sokka had the potential to one day be an even greater master than him Sokka left Piandaos tutelage to help Aang on his quest to save the world from Ozai and started putting his new skills to use shortly thereafter Sokka had no qualms about using his sword in untraditional ways such as to haul supplies on the end of it or poke people with the scabbard However he prized the sword very much second probably only to his boomerang his oldest weapon given to him by his father Hakoda He grew fearful when Toph used it as collateral in one of her scams without his permission The warrior later used the sword in combat during the invasion of the Fire Nation as well as in a friendly swordbending duel against Prince Zuko which he lost When Sozins Comet arrived Sokka along with Toph and Suki went to stop the Fire Nation airship fleet from burning the Earth Kingdom to the ground After commandeering and crashing one of the airships into the rest of the fleet Sokka and Toph were thrown off during their attempted escape but the former managed to halt their fall by burying his sword into the airships outer hull as a grapple hook Stranded and about to be attacked by firebenders Sokka sacrificed both his boomerang and his sword throwing them at the planks supporting their opponents This prevented their deaths just long enough for Suki to rescue them with the last airship but neither the sword nor the boomerang came back plummeting to the ground of the Wulong Forest Design Piandao agreed to forge a unique sword from meteorite ore Sokkas sword is a jian or straight sword The blades of such swords are approximately seventy centimeters long and four centimeters wide with the grip measuring about twenty centimeters long The black blade of the weapon originated with the swords composition of meteoric iron while the sheath is simple dark brown and straight adorned with a goldplate inlay about midway down its length The sheaths tip is rectangular and adorned with a stylized white lotus symbol made of gold filigree while another is etched into the end of the grip these marks identify the sword as the work of a member of the Order of the White Lotus Since the sword was made specifically for Sokka who also took part in its construction the sword is attuned to him suggesting an affinity between the two rather than any kind of mystical connection Finally the unusual material according to Piandao gives the sword unique properties namely its exceptional durability and keenness it is able to cut through thick layers of steel and other materials Real life connections Swords and other tools forged from meteorite iron have a long history both in the real world and in fiction It is believed that meteorite iron was the first iron ore used by humans before the development of mining to retrieve terrestrial iron King Tutankhamun was entombed with a meteoriteiron dagger on his breast and fragments from the Cape York meteorite were used by the Greenland Inuit people to fashion knife blades and harpoon heads In more contemporary times Japanese master swordsmith Yoshindo Yoshiwara made a katana called tentetsutou or Sword of Heaven the blade of which was forged from a fragment of the massive Gibeon iron meteorite that landed in Namibia in prehistoric times Trivia The concept art of Sokka s jian left and Master Piandao s blade right highlights several aspects of both swords Sokkas sword and sheath as well as Piandaos sword and sheath are designed based upon real swords owned by Sifu Kisu Kisu is the martial arts consultant for the shows creators and was also the character reference for Piandao Sokkas sword is made of the same material as Tophs bracelet Sokkas sword was seen cutting through over a foot of solid steel The concept of a sword being made out of a meteorite was derived from the ancient Mongolian legend of Timur A real life replica of Sokkas sword made from real meteorite was created by Tony Swatton of Man At Arms on the AWE Me YouTube channel References 10 11 12 13 Hedrick Tim writer Volpe Giancarlo director October 12 2007 Sokkas Master Avatar The Last Airbender Season 3 Episode 4 Nickelodeon From older Avatar The Last Airbender official site originally on Nickcom link No longer updated encyclopedia now broken though archived here Hedrick Tim writer Dos Santos Joaquim director November 9 2007 The Puppetmaster Avatar The Last Airbender Season 3 Episode 8 Nickelodeon OBryan John writer Volpe Giancarlo director July 15 2008 The Firebending Masters Avatar The Last Airbender Season 3 Episode 13 Nickelodeon Hamilton Joshua writer Volpe Giancarlo director November 2 2007 The Runaway Avatar The Last Airbender Season 3 Episode 7 Nickelodeon DiMartino Michael Dante writer Volpe Giancarlo director November 30 2007 The Day of Black Sun Part 1 The Invasion Avatar The Last Airbender Season 3 Episode 10 Nickelodeon Ehasz Aaron writer Dos Santos Joaquim director November 30 2007 The Day of Black Sun Part 2 The Eclipse Avatar The Last Airbender Season 3 Episode 11 Nickelodeon Wilgus Alison writer Ridge Justin artist Dzioba Wes colorist Comicraft letterer Swordbending 2009 Nickelodeon Comics Club DiMartino Michael Dante Konietzko Bryan writers Dos Santos Joaquim director July 19 2008 Sozins Comet Part 4 Avatar Aang Avatar The Last Airbender Season 3 Episode 21 Nickelodeon A Brief History of Steel tfunikielcom Woman Cape York exhibition text American Museum of National History THE SWORD OF HEAVEN TENTETSUTOU Tokyo Skytree Town campus AWE Me September 23 2013 Sokkas Meteor Sword Avatar The Last Airbender MAN AT ARMS YouTube Retrieved on November 16 2018 See also Avatar Wiki has 26 images related to Sokkas sword Sokkas weapons Weaponry in the World of Avatar External links Forging a reallife version of Sokkas sword Start a Discussion Discussions about Sokkas sword Return of Sokkas Sword 10 messages SorcererSupreme21 He already had a boomerang in The Promise As for a new sword thatd be really hard to replace not only because of its distinct 3 years ago Neo Bahamut Theres official art of the Gaang as adults Sokka has the same model of sword but no word on whether or not its the exact same one 3 years ago See more discussions Categories A to Z Equipment Objects Sokka Weapons Configure Reference Popups Languages Deutsch Espaรฑol Nederlands ะ ัััะบะธะน Recent Wiki Activity Society in the World of Avatar Fruipit 4 hours ago Fauna in the World of Avatar Gotlvr87 8 hours ago Jack Angel HammerOfThor 10 hours ago Azulon HammerOfThor 12 hours ago Help us grow Avatar Wiki Get Started | [
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http://avengedsevenfold.com/ | Breakdown : โ Save Me โ Part 1 . April 11 , 2019 / News Here โ s a weird left turn โฆ originally , the end of โ Save Me โ was supposed to be the chorus . Here โ s Part 1 of the Breakdown . Spirit Jerseys Available At A7X World . April 11 , 2019 / News Spirit Jerseys are now available at A7XWorld . com . Tori Kelly Rocks Out To Avenged Sevenfold For Pre - Show Warm - Up . April 5 , 2019 / Tori Kelly shared her โ super mellow preshow warmup โ where she rocks out and sings along to some Avenged Sevenfold tracks . our new super mellow preshow warmup . SEE YOU TONIGHT PHILLY ! ! pic . twitter . com / 1Yl8DvzYGh โ tori kelly ( @ torikelly ) โฆ Read More Breakdown : โ Beast And The Harlot โ Part 3 . April 4 , 2019 / We close out Breakdown : โ Beast and the Harlot โ with Part 3 where Brooks Wackerman analyzes The Rev โ s drumming and explains how he โ s able to execute it live . Dodgers โ Walker Buehler Using Avenged Sevenfold For Walk - Up Music . April 1 , 2019 / The Los Angeles Dodgers โ DJ posted walk - up songs for the 2019 Dodgers and Walk Buehler will be using Avenged Sevenfold โ s โ Hail To The King . โ Here you Go @ dodgers # WalkUp list and Pitchers Take the field โฆ Read More Breakdown : โ Beast And The Harlot โ Part 2 . March 28 , 2019 / There was only part of each song on โ City of Evil โ that was n โ t completed ahead of recording . Find out what that part was on Breakdown : โ Beast and the Harlot โ Part 2 . Breakdown : โ Beast And The Harlot . โ March 21 , 2019 / Brooks Wackerman and Synyster Gates sit down to tackle the beast of a song that is โ Beast and the Harlot โ on the new episode of Breakdown . Happy Hour At Johnny โ s House : St . Patrick โ s Day Edition . March 17 , 2019 / ๐ ๐ Happy St . Paddy โ s Day ! ๐ ๐ We thought we โ d drop a new fabulously fookin โ festive episode of โ Happy Hour โ on ya green clad cuties . Enjoy responsibly ! ๐ป 1 2 3 4 | [
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http://avengersassemble.wikia.com/wiki/Black_Widow | in : Females Avengers Heroes Characters Black Widow Edit Share Black Widow Biographical information Real name Natalia Alianovna Romanova ( legally changed to Natasha Romanoff ) Alias Black Widow Widow Nat Physical description Gender Female Hair color Red Eye color Hazel Personal information Status Alive Relatives Unknown Equipment Widow Gauntlets Widow ' s Sting Gauntlets S.H.I.E.L.D. Issue Utility Belt Chronological and political information Profession Special Agent / Field Commander Avenger Position High - Ranking Member of S.H.I.E.L.D . Member / S.H.I.E.L.D. Liaison for The Avengers Affiliation Avengers S.H.I.E.L.D . First appearance The Avengers Protocol , Part 1 Voiced by Laura Bailey Black Widow ( real name Natalia Romanova , but legally Americanized into Natasha Romanoff ) is a founding member of the and a special agent / field commander of S.H.I.E.L.D . Contents show Biography Rejoining the Avengers Black Widow watched on as the Avengers ' Quinjet flew towards Red Skull ' s location , she called someone that they just reunited as a team , and is ordered to pursue them in her own vehicle , wanting to see if they really needed her . Once Black Widow arrived at the destination , she assisted the Avengers in their effort to defeat Red Skull and his HYDRA army . After supposedly defeating Red Skull , Black Widow witnessed as Red Skull managed to steal Iron Man ' s armor and arc reactor for his own purposes . Black Widow and the approached Tony , just as he was losing consciousness . Black Widow accompanied the Avengers to Avengers Mansion to revive Tony . After Tony Stark was able to recover , Black Widow and the rest of the Avengers were distraught to learn that Tony had no further use for them . Black Widow left the room to talk to Hawkeye . Soon , the pair were infected by M.O.D.O.K . ' s mind - control nanobots and proceeded to fight each other . After Iron Man was able to rid the team of M.O.D.O.K. ' s nanobots , they had encountered the Red Skull and defeated him . Red Skull managed to detonate the mansion ' s reactor , leading the Avengers to scatter . Now without a home , Iron Man welcomed the team to the Avengers Tower . Black Widow and the team were called to action after the Great Wall of China came to life , and flew to their next destination in the Aven - Jet Prime After Falcon moved into Avengers Tower , bringing cookies with him that Hulk convinced him to share the entirety of them with him , Black Widow swiped one from him and Hulk attempted to grab it back from her , him being restrained by Thor while Black Widow taunted him by placing the cookie in front of his face and waving it back and forth . Black Widow was soon afterward possessed by a Space Phantom , which took over her body while sending her into limbo with the other Avengers that had been possessed . The Avengers were able to see themselves or Space Phantom versions attacking Falcon , also being able to interact with the Space Phantoms in limbo with them who were trying to escape through the portals . Black Widow quickly pointed out that Iron Man ' s repulsor blasts had no effect on the Space Phantoms , the name of the phantoms being coined by Captain America which drew criticism from Hawkeye , though Black Widow retorted that his choice of dubbing them " creepy , ugly , space dudes " was not any better . The Space Phantom Avengers were transported through the dimensional bridge and into the realm of limbo by Falcon , allowing the actual Avengers to combat them . Black Widow was assisted by Iron Man , who held her arms as she kicked the Space Phantoms . She fought them on foot , doing alright until being attacked from behind the Space Phantom version of herself . While she was being held by the Space Phantom , Black Widow mentioned to Iron Man that energy blasts worked on their doubles , convincing him to fire . The Avengers returned to their dimension after destroying the dimensional bridge , fighting over the cookies again shortly thereafter . Black Widow traced Red Skull to Transylvania , where she was captured and converted into a vampire by Dracula . After the conversion , she led a squad of vampires to Avengers Tower , initially attacking Hawkeye and Captain America until Hawkeye signaled the others and they were overpowered , leading the Avengers to discover what they were and learn Black Widow ' s true identity as one of their allies turned rouge . Dracula sent a message through her , Black Widow afterward fighting against the Avengers and gaining access to Mjolnir by using it as transportation after Thor hit Hulk with it unintentionally . After Thor retracted the hammer , Black Widow used her legs in order to knock down both Iron Man and Falcon , running out of the room as well and into a mirror , through which she could not see her mirror before bumping into it and being rendered unconscious . The Avengers tried to find a cure for her while still occupying the Avengers Tower , though Jarvis shut down and Iron Man agreed with Captain America to go to Transylvania . While the Avengers traveled there , Dracula retrieved her comatose body . Once she became conscious again , Black Widow lured Falcon away from Captain America and Hawkeye by insisting that she needed him to save her , Falcon going to find her by himself and eventually coming in contact with her . After revealing herself to still be a vampire , Black Widow knocked a bell next to him with her leg , harming Falcon and causing him to fall to the ground as she Black Widow then claimed that she was being restrained by the powers of Dracula and it was causing her to act this way , Hawkeye encouraging her to fight it before being knocked out by Dracula from behind . Black Widow stood as Captain America tried to negotiate with Dracula , calling for him to release her from his control . After the Avengers defeated Dracula , he swore while sinking int the ground with the other vampires that Black Widow , who was laying on the ground unconscious , was his . Hawkeye took her comatose body and she A meteor descended onto Earth , which Iron Man , Hulk , and Thor had difficulty in trying to stop , Black Widow witnessing the entire ordeal including it being destroyed seemingly by them . The three returned to the ground , where Black Widow pointed out Hyperion as he stood away from them after Iron Man denied being responsible for stopping it . The Avengers researched him and Hawkeye considered approaching him for membership with the group , though Black Widow interjected herself by asking them what made the group so sure he wanted to join the Avengers and asked if any of them had thought about what motivated him . Though Black Widow agreed with Captain America ' s assertion that there should always be an ideal , but questioned who would be the person to say " No " to the man with superhuman abilities Black Widow learned that Molecule Man had returned and confronted Hawkeye during his day off about his reappearance , Black Widow opposing his choice to tell Iron Man , stating outright that it would go no farther than them and they would bring him in . Though Hawkeye ignored her orders and began walking away from her as he expressed that Iron Man needed to know , Black Widow stopped him in his tracks by knocking him down with her grapple and explaining that she was worried Iron Man would use the technology for his own purposes should he be informed . Hawkeye said that Iron The two started searching , Black Widow explaining to Hawkeye that S.H.I.E.L.D. had acquired leads on where Molecule Man was when asked how the two would find him , also warning him that she had no qualms searching by herself if he could not take the mission plan seriously . The two soon afterward watched who they thought was Molecule Man as he walked a street below them , Black Widow knocking Hawkeye ' s arrows away from him before pointing out that he could be carrying dangerous cargo , the individual they assumed as Molecule Man overhearing her and A.I.M . agents moved in on the individual , Molecule Kid who revealed himself to the be the son of Molecule Man . Molecule Kid defended himself from the A.I.M. agents by converting the molecules of objects around him , which included converting the building that Black Widow and Hawkeye were standing on into slime . Black Widow managed to escape with the aid of Hawkeye , the two then watching over Molecule Kid as he became stuck in the slime . Though Hawkeye argued Iron Man would make better use of the powers the boy possessed with the wand , Black Widow stressed that Nick Fury did not want the wand in the hands of a single person , calling Iron Man " Mr . Impulsive . " One of the A.I.M. agents was able to get close to Molecule Kid with the use of a hovercraft , Black Widow following suit and like the agent before her was made to fall into the mud by Molecule Kid after he used the wand on her hovercraft . Hawkeye tried to assist Black Widow stopped piloting the vehicle and directed Hawkeye to take her place before firing a shot at Molecule Kid with her gauntlets . When this failed to have an effect on him , she directed Hawkeye to maneuver around being hit by a block that he had made to appear , but it was too late and the pair were struck , their vehicle landing into a large screen and Molecule Kid confronting them there , where Black Widow ordered him to hand over the wand , before turning the screen into sand . The two Avengers plummeted into After saving Hawkeye who thanked her , she said , " Pozgaluista , " explaining to Hawkeye that it was Russian for " You ' re welcome . " Black Widow and Hawkeye chased him down to again , Molecule Kid sending cars their way after uttering his belief that the pair would send him away like they did his father , leading Hawkeye to believe he was more scared than just being a mere crazed super villain and requested to Black Widow that the pair " mommy talk " him , Black Widow retorting that he did not say Captain America questioned Black Widow ' s loyalty to the Avengers , her arguing that he was the one traditionally by the books and brought up the possibility of a world where Iron Man did not have to obey the laws of physics , also pinning the blame for Molecule Kid not being caught yet on Hawkeye as he did on her until seeing the Super - Adaptoid as it chased after Molecule Kid . Black Widow fought against the Super - Adaptoid with Hawkeye while Captain America tried to talk Molecule Kid into handing over the wand , the end result of the conversation escalating into Molecule Kid trapping Captain America with a bent street light . Black Widow and Hawkeye argued over which one of the two would help Captain America until Falcon appeared with the orders for the two to hold off the Super - Adaptoid while he called Iron Man , to which Black Widow ordered him not to . Black Widow saved Hawkeye from being sliced by an attack from Super - Adaptoid , which they learned was under the control of M.O.D.O.K. and lost some of her hair as a result . While Falcon fought Super - Adaptoid with difficulty and questioned how he was to fight an opponent who was constantly Hawkeye interjected himself , arguing that Black Widow ' s approach was not good enough though she also claimed the same of his and their arguing drove Molecule Kid to use the wand and distort the city , Black Widow then confirming to Hawkeye that Molecule Kid was stronger than his father . Iron Man entered the fray and gained the wand after knocking Molecule Kid down with a small blast , noting that he could do much with the wand and causing Black Widow to try reasoning with him to give it up and claim that the group did Black Widow was hit by Super - Adaptoid when he moved in to take the wand from Molecule Kid and in succeeding in doing so , started to wreak havoc with it . As directed by Iron Man , she and Hawkeye went for the legs of Super - Adaptoid , allowing Iron Man to unsuccessfully try destroying the suit by shooting at the heart , also M.O.D.O.K. ' s face . Molecule Kid moved in by using his wand on the suit which had its molecules destabilized . Black Widow and Hawkeye tried convincing Molecule Kid to assist them Black Widow and Nick Fury went on a mission together after this , fleeing from the A.I.M. agents who wanted to retrieve the memory drive that Fury was holding while they ran . The two surrendered to the agents who demanded it back while Black Widow questioned Fury ' s motives , knowing that he was more than capable of taking them out and admitted that she only returned his calls when she thought there would be a fight before asking what he wanted . After Nick Fury threw the memory drive into the air , Black Widow knocked down Personality and Traits Black Widow can be characterized as secretive , mysterious , and tough as nails . She is shown to show feelings and a trusting friendship with Hawkeye , as he was formerly her partner but still a close friend . She is shown to be quite protective of him too and likes to tease him , best seen when she kissed him on the cheek in Beneath The Surface while the two were pretending to be a couple . Black Widow is a true asset of the team ( and possibly , their only female member ) , she has shown to be the kind of person to keep the team together and remind them of their places . For example , she helped Iron Man realize that he is an effective leader of the . Although she is a fully - fledged and respected member of the Avengers , she is only literally with the team when it suits her and when it counts as Tony said he believes her more loyal to S.H.I.E.L.D . Despite her seriousness and maturity , she has a sardonic sense of humor which she directs mostly at Hawkeye and her enemies . When she was in the Hulk ' s body and fighting a robot she yelled ; " Widow smash ! , " indicating her funny for the sake of its side . Physical Appearance Black Widow in Season 1 . Natasha is a tall Caucasian woman in her prime who is considered very attractive with flowing red hair reaching her mid - back and hazel colored eyes . She has a very muscular yet voluptuous body with a toned stomach , long muscular yet shapely legs , buxom breasts , and ripped broad shoulders . She commonly is seen in a very form - fitting blue jumpsuit which highlights her body that is lined with yellow trim around the color and down the front to the pelvic area . Combined with this attire , she wears a utility belt to In the first season , Natasha ' s bangs above her face were cropped off and curved to the left temple . She would usually keep her uniform half zipped just below the collarbone and her belt was a link of red reflective plates with the middle one branded with her logo . In the episode Blood Feud when she was under Dracula ' s control , She wore a ninja outfit where she used her spy costume as leggings that she wore underneath the ninja suit . In the episode Hulked Out Heroes , she uses a very form - fitting yellow colored S.H.I.E.L.D issued costume ( that comes with a helmet ) to protect her from the gamma radiation that transformed the Avengers into gamma monsters . The costume highlighted body through certain sections of the suit . Black Widow in Season 2 . In season two , most of Natasha ' s bangs grew out to the same length as the rest of hair , which all becomes wavier , naturally hanging to the side of her face while slightly covering her eye . She also has single shorter strand still hanging from her eyes . Her uniform is now follow zipped up and her belt becomes a simple length of yellow with a single red plate in the front as a belt buckle . In Beneath the surface , Widow ( along with Hawkeye ) wears a very form - fitting aquatic version of her costume that allows for her to breathe underwater . In the Ultron Revolution , Black Widow gets a new form - fitting black - and - gray costume with a red - black widow hourglass emblem on the chest , and silver ones on the shoulders . Holsters on her thighs hold her new shock stick weapons . She gets new silver - and - red gauntlets that have extendable stinger blasters and grappling hook launchers . When she uses her weapons circuitry running between the black and gray section of her suit glow neon blue and able to use lightning . Relationships Teammate . Captain America As teammates , Captain America and Black widow seem to have a certain level of trust in each other . In " Blood Feud " Rogers expressed great concern when she nearly became a full - fledged vampire . As seen in " Adapting to Change " she trusts him enough to recruit him on a covert S.H.I.E.L.D. mission . In " Saving Captain Rogers " she has shown a level of concern for him . Hulk Though not much interaction , after the event of Hulked Out Heroes , Hulk says he trusts the device that can destroy him with Widow , who says it never existed . Also in the event of the Head to Head , Black Widow turns into Hulks body . Hulk and Widow begin to have a close and trusting friendship as seen in The Inhuman Condition and Seeing Double . In Seeing Double she and Hulk go out with each other and Hulk asks about Natasha ' s past . Thor As teammates , Natasha and Thor are teammates and do n ' t interact much . In Widow ' s Run , she and Thor tried to get rid of the Infinity Stones . When under the Stones control , she asks Thor to get rid of her by sending her away to the Dark Realm , even though his father ' s law forbids it . He eventually summons the portal to send her away , although he was quite reluctant to do so . Hawkeye Black Widow ' s ex - partner , she and Clint are good " friends " through an attraction between them is heavily implied . She seems to be the only one who can put up with his behavior , probably because she ' s known him the longest . Hawkeye trusts her intuition , while she knows how to work with him best . They also tease each other a lot and are quite protective of each other . Black Widow is quick to jump to his aid , as seen in Beneath The Surface , when Hawkeye gets Falcon Teammate . Nick Fury Father Figure and superior . Yelena Belova Enemy . Powers and Abilities Physical & Espionage Training : She has been rigorously trained to near - superhuman conditioning , most notably in the areas of speed , strength , agility , reflexes , intelligence , instincts and stamina . She is a highly trained martial artist , spy , and gymnast , making her a valuable asset on the battlefield . She is also a master of disguise and research / espionage . She utilizes all of her talents and much more when working for as a field commander / special - ops agent and as a member of The Avengers Expert Aviator / Vehicular Driver : She is capable of maneuvering large vehicles such as the Aven - jet and her personal flying car . Weapons Proficiency : Black Widow is capable of wielding multiple types of weapons expertly . As seen in " Avengers Last Stand " she is capable of using Captain America ' s shield with great skill . She is then seen in Season 3 being able to use a pair of batons expertly . Expert Stick Fighter : Since the beginning of Season 3 she has been seen wielding a pair of batons with amazing skills . Experienced Ballet Dancer : Sometime before she was initiated into the Red Room , Widow had a dream of being a ballet dancer . She can use her dance moves in sync with her fighting techniques . Weaknesses Brainwashing : During her time as a spy for the Red Room , they mentally programmed her with certain mental commands , which can bring her under control , should she ever turn rogue . This was used by Nighthawk to put Black Widow into a comatose state . Mortality : Since she generally lacks powers , her mortality is also considered a weakness . Formerly Nigh - Omnipotence : During the episode Widow ' s Run , she bonded with four of the infinity stones . These stones made her so powerful that she managed to overpower Dormammu , an archdemon , easily . Mjolnir : When equipped with Mjolnir although Thor was in her body when the Mind Stone swapped the minds of the Avengers , Black Widow was . Black Widow had agreed towards the fact that Hulk was much stronger than the rest of the Avengers , saying that they would all end up " smashed " if he went out of control and in leaving the scene , she promised Nick Fury that she would get him a contingency plan . Equipment Widow ' s Gauntlets Although her specific skill set is quite useful by itself , Romanoff usually carries an array of stealth gear and weapons . Her main weapon ( s ) include : Black Widow ' s Gauntlets Black Widow utilizes a pair of multifunctional gauntlets as her primary weapon . Widow ' s Sting Gauntlets : The upgraded version of the Widow Gauntlets , with Arc Blade and Blaster modes . Other weapons of choice include : Shock Sticks : Black Widow wields two electrically charged nightstick weapons . Thermal Explosives Flash Grenades Radiation Protection Suit Shoulder Fired Missile Launcher When the Mind Stone temporarily switched minds of the Avengers with Thor in Black Widow ' s body , she was able to use Mjolnir Appearances 101 . " The Avengers Protocol , Part 1 102 . " The Avengers Protocol , Part 2 103 . " Ghost of a Chance 105 . " Blood Feud 107 . " Hyperion 108 . " Molecule Kid 110 . " The Doomstroyer 111 . " 112 . " Avengers : Impossible 113 . " In Deep 115 . " Planet Doom 116 . " Bring on the Bad Guys 120 . " All - Father ' s Day 121 . " By the Numbers 124 . " Crime and Circuses 125 . " Exodus 126 . " The Final Showdown 201 . " The Arsenal 202 . " Thanos Rising 203 . " Valhalla Can Wait 204 . " Ghosts of the Past 205 . " Beneath the Surface 206 . " Nighthawk 207 . " The Age of Tony Stark 208 . " Head to Head 209 . " The Dark Avengers 210 . " Back to the Learning Hall 211 . " Downgraded 212 . " Widow ' s Run 213 . " Thanos Triumphant 214 . " Crack in the System 215 . " Avengers Disassembled 216 . " Small Time Heroes 217 . " Secret Avengers 218 . " The Ultron Outbreak 219 . " The New Guy 220 . " Terminal Velocity 221 . " Spectrums 222 . " Midgard Crisis 223 . " Avengers ' Second To Last Stand 224 . " Avengers Underground 225 . " New Frontiers 226 . " Avengers World 301 . " Adapting To Change 302 . " The Ultimates 303 . " Saving Captain Rogers 304 . " Under Siege 305 . " The Thunderbolts 306 . " Thunderbolts Revealed 308 . " Dehulked 310 . " The Inhuman Condition 312 313 314 315 316 318 319 320 . 321 . 322 . 324 . 325 . 326 . Gallery Black Widow in season one Black Widow ' s new costume charged up . References โ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 " . Man of Action ( writer ) & Eric Radomsky ( director ) . Marvel ' s Avengers Assemble Disney XD . May 26 , 2013 . No . 1 , season one โ The Avengers Protocol , Part 2 " . Man of Action ( writer ) & Eric Radomsky ( director ) . Marvel ' s Avengers Assemble Disney XD . May 26 , 2013 . No . 2 , season one โ Ghost of a Chance Paul Giacoppo ( writers ) & Jeff Allen . July 7 , 2013 . No . 3 , " . Kevin Burke and Chris " Doc " Wyatt ( writers ) & Jeff Allen . July 21 , 2013 . No . 5 , Jacob Semahn ( director . . August 4 , 2013 . No . 7 , Danielle Wolff Tim Eldred ( director ] ] . August 11 , 2013 . No . 8 , The Doomstroyer Tim Eldred . September 22 , 2013 . No . 10 , http : / / hulksmash . wikia . com / wiki / Black_Widow http : / / thedailybugle . wikia . com / wiki / Black_Widow Categories Females Heroes Characters | [
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http://aventalearning.com/content168staging/2007BiologyB/unit7/section4_3.html | Biology : Land Plants : Embryophyta : Part Three Land Plants : Embryophyta Embryophytes diverged from the charalean green algae ( Chlorophyta ) during the Ordovician period . The Charalean life cycle has an alternation between haploid and diploid generations ( respectively called gametophytes and sporophytes ) . The first embryophytes , however , had life cycles dominated by the gametophyte phase pf the plant . The sporophytes became small and dependent on the gametophyte for their entire brief life . Such plants are informally called ' bryophytes ' . They include three surviving groups : * Bryophyta ( mosses ) * Anthocerotophyta ( hornworts ) * Marchantiophyta ( liverworts ) All of the above ' bryophytes ' are relatively small and are usually confined to moist environments , relying on water to disperse their spores . Other plants , better adapted to terrestrial conditions , appeared during the Silurian period . During the Devonian period , they diversified and spread to many different land environments , becoming the vascular plants or Tracheophyta , These plants have vascular tissues or tracheids , which transport water throughout the plant , and an outer layer or cuticle that resists drying out . In most vascular plants , the sporophyte is the dominant individual Many vascular plants reproduce using spores . They include the following extant groups : Lycophyta ( clubmosses ) Sphenophyta ( horsetails ) Psilophyta ( whisk ferns ) Pteridophyta ( ferns ) Other groups , which first appeared towards the end of the Paleozoic era , reproduce using seeds . These groups are accordingly called spermatophytes ( seed plants ) . In these forms , the gametophyte is completely reduced to a few cells dependent on the sporophyte . The seed plant sporophyte begins life enclosed within the seed . Some seed plants may even survive in extremely arid conditions , unlike their more water - bound precursors . The seed plants include the following extant groups : Cycadophyta ( Cycads ) Ginkgophyta ( Ginkgo ) Pinophyta ( Conifers ) Gnetophyta ( Gnetae ) Magnoliophyta ( Flowering plants ) The first four groups are referred to as gymnosperms , since the embryonic sporophyte is not enclosed until after pollination . In contrast , among the flowering plants or angiosperms , the pollen has to grow a tube to penetrate the seed coat . Angiosperms were the last major group of plants to appear , developing from gymnosperms during the Jurassic period , and then spreading rapidly during the Cretaceous . They are the predominant group of plants in most terrestrial biomes today . Embryophyte cells remain similar to those of green algae . They are eukaryotic , with a cell wall composed of cellulose , and plastids surrounded by two membranes . These plastids usually are chloroplasts , the sites of photosynthesis . Embryophytes store food as starch . The presence of chlorophylls a and b giving this group a bright green color . They lack flagella and centrioles except in certain gametes . The Plant Life Cycle Plants have an alternation of generations : the diploid spore - producing plant ( sporophyte ) alternates with the haploid gamete - producing plant ( gametophyte ) . Animal life cycles have meiosis followed immediately by gametogenesis . Gametes are produced directly by meiosis . Male gametes are sperm . Female gametes are eggs or ova . Typical alternation of generations life cycle , such as occur in some protistans and plants . The plant life cycle has mitosis occurring in spores that were produced by meiosis . These spores germinate into the haploid gametophyte phase . Gametophyte size ranges from three cells ( in pollen ) to several million ( in a " lower plant " such as moss ) . Alternation of generations occurs in plants , where the sporophyte phase is succeeded by the gametophyte phase . The sporophyte phase produces spores by meiosis within a sporangium . The gametophyte phase produces gametes by mitosis within an antheridium ( producing sperm ) and / or archegonium ( producing eggs ) Plants have two further variations on their life cycles . Plants that produce bisexual gametophytes have those gametophytes germinate from isospores ( iso = same ) that are about all the same size . This state is referred to as homospory ( sometimes referred to as isospory ) . . Homosporous plants produce bisexual gametophytes . Ferns are a classic example of a homosporous plant . A typical homosporous life cycle . Note the production of a single type of bisexual gametophyte that will eventually produce the antheridia ( sperm bearing structures ) and archegonia ( egg bearing structures ) . Leanne : Need redrawn . Plants that produce separate male and female gametophytes have those gametophytes germinate from ( or within in the case of the more advanced plants ) spores of different sizes ( heterospores ; hetero = different ) . The male gametophyte produces sperm , and is associated with smaller or microspores . The female gametophyte is associated with the larger or megaspores . Botanists consider heterospory as a significant step toward the development of the seed . A generalized heterosporous life cycle is shown below . Typical heterosporous life cycle . Note the production of separate , unisexual male and female gametophytes . Now go on to the next part . ยฉ 2007 Aventa Learning . All rights reserved . | [
"Land Plants",
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http://aviationherald.org/2010/05/scope-in-travel-and-tourism-industry/ | Error . Page can not be displayed . Please contact your service provider for more details . ( 24 ) | [
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http://avidxchangemusicfactory.com/events-tickets/ | All Upcoming Events All Venues The Underground The Comedy Zone World Nightclub The Fillmore Charlotte Metro Credit Union Amphitheatre Steve Burton and Bradford Anderson 730pm The Comedy Zone Shuler King 800pm The Comedy Zone Lake Street Dive 800pm The Fillmore Enrage Against The Machine 800pm The Underground Listen Local Series 800pm The Underground Cherub 830pm The Fillmore Nick Thune Various Times The Comedy Zone Greta Van Fleet March of the Peaceful Army World Tour 800pm Charlotte Metro Credit Union Amphitheatre The 1975 with special guests No Rome 800pm Charlotte Metro Credit Union Amphitheatre Jon Bellion 700pm Charlotte Metro Credit Union Amphitheatre Weird Al Yankovic 800pm Charlotte Metro Credit Union Amphitheatre Papa Roach 800pm Charlotte Metro Credit Union Amphitheatre | [
"Events"
] |
http://avivaromm.com/5-safe-herbs-for-a-more-comfortable-pregnancy-and-better-birth | Natural Pregnancy 5 Safe Herbs for a More Comfortable Pregnancy and Better Birth 118 Comment October 2 , 2012 Favorite Print Page Like those of you who are pregnant , as a mom of 4 kids , I am no stranger to some of those miserable common symptoms that can plague pregnancy . For me it was awful first trimester nausea and then later , occasional insomnia . As a midwife and medical doctor I have been using herbs in my practice with pregnant women for over 25 years and have found them to be helpful in treating many of the symptoms we have during those nine months of growing our babies including nausea , insomnia , yeast infections , varicose veins , and hemorrhoids . They can even tone your uterus for labor . I want to introduce you to 5 of my favorite herbs known to be safe for use in pregnancy Are herbs safe during pregnancy ? Pregnant women commonly experience minor symptoms such as nausea , colds , and insomnia for which natural remedies can actually be gentler and safer than pharmaceuticals โ many of which lack proof of safety in pregnancy or are known to be harmful . While there is limited scientific research on the safe use of most herbs in pregnancy , there is good evidence of safety for several . Overall , most herbs that are traditionally used to support pregnancy are safe for use in moderation . There have been almost no reports of adverse outcomes in pregnant women , and when they have occurred , it has been from using herbs that are not considered safe in pregnancy , or from products that have been tainted with unsafe herbs or even pharmaceutical additives โ which has mostly been a problem with imported products from China and India . Using herbs during pregnancy The safest approach is to avoid using herbs during the first trimester of pregnancy unless necessary ( for example , ginger for treating morning sickness ) , to only use those herbs known to be safe in pregnancy , and to consult with an experienced midwife , herbalist , or MD on the safe use of herbs in pregnancy . There are many herbs whose use in pregnancy is definitely not safe for baby . A basic list of these can be found in the Mothering article . Beverage teas that are known to be safe in moderate amounts ( e.g. , red raspberry , spearmint , chamomile , lemon balm , nettles , rose hips ) , and ingestion of normal amounts of cooking spices are considered safe in pregnancy . Herbs considered safe in pregnancy These 5 herbs are known to be safe during pregnancy and can help with a variety of common discomforts and problems while helping prepare your body for a healthy birth . 1 . Ginger ( Zingiber officinalis ) for morning sickness I think I โ d rather go through natural labor without an epidural faster than I โ d repeat those horrible weeks of morning sickness I experienced ! I remember getting home from a particularly eventful car ride through the mountains during the early part of one of my pregnancies , laying flat on the living room floor , and telling my husband to just let me die now . I am sure I was green . Ginger is a spicy , aromatic herb with which many of you are familiar for cooking . Did you know it has been shown to be safe and effective in treating morning sickness ? There are several ways to use ginger in pregnancy . Tea and capsules are commonly recommended in books and other sources , but my experience is that drinking warm or even cool tea when you are already sick to your stomach is not fun , and may even make you hurl ! Ditto on capsules sitting in your stomach and the water or juice you need to take to chase them . Try these ginger products instead : Ginger candies and crystalized ginger : Reed โ s makes great ginger products . I learned to keep a small stash of ginger candies or pieces of crystalized ginger in my handbag at all times . It โ s not 100 % fool proof โ sometimes that nausea can outsmart even ginger โ but it really can cut the edge and ease your tummy . It can be nibbled in small amounts throughout the day ; large quantities are not needed and in fact , up to 1 gm of what would be equal to the dried powder is the Ginger Ale : while drinking soda is not ideal in pregnancy , treating nausea trumps and ginger ale is a great way to get in some ginger . The carbonation also helps many pregnant women with nausea symptoms . You can make your own ginger ale by grating 1 tablespoon of fresh ginger root and squeezing the juice into some carbonated water ( plain or lemon flavored ) , adding some honey , cane sugar , or maple syrup to sweeten it , or you can get a good quality ginger ale with real ginger . Reed โ s makes Note : persistent or repeated vomiting in pregnancy can be a medical problem . Consult your midwife or doctor if you experience anything beyond typical morning sickness symptoms . 2 . Red raspberry leaf ( Rubus idaeus ) for an easier labor This herb is a mineral rich tonic , traditionally used to support a healthy pregnancy and tone the uterus to help a woman prepare for birth . Some studies have shown that it can help to expedite labor and reduce complications and interventions associated with birth . Glass Teapot with Herbal Tea on white wooden surface Since it does n โ t have the most pleasant taste when taken as a tea by itself , I generally recommend mixing it with some spearmint and rose hips for a delicious tea that can be taken daily , 1 - 2 cups throughout the second and third trimesters . The recommended dose is from 1.5 โ 5 gm daily in tea . Pregnancy Tea : 2 tbsp red raspberry leaf + 2 tsp spearmint leaf + 2 tsp rose hips Mix together and place into a reusable tea bag . Steep in 8 oz of boiling water for 20 minutes , strain and drink 1 - 2 cups daily . 3 . Echinacea ( Echinacea spp . ) for colds Pregnant women get colds just like everyone else , and because natural hormonal changes in pregnancy already make your nose feel stuffy and a big belly can make it feel harder to breathe , colds and coughs can be extra miserable . Echinacea has been shown to reduce the length of colds and also prevent them from recurring . It can be used either during a cold or to prevent them . It does not actually help with cold symptoms , but our friend ginger does ! Ginger can reduce chills , coughing , and aching muscles when taken as a hot tea using 1 tablespoon of fresh grated ginger per cup of boiling water , 1 - 3 cups daily . Echinacea is best used in the form of a tincture , which does contain a small amount of alcohol , but this tiny amount is not considered dangerous when taken in the recommended dose of up to 5 mL of the tincture ( about 1 measured teaspoon ) up to twice daily . Capsules can also be used according to recommended package dosing for individual products , if you are uncomfortable with using a product containing alcohol during pregnancy . 4 . Cranberry ( Vaccinium Macrocarpon ) for UTI prevention Urinary tract infections ( UTIs ) are very common during pregnancy . Medically they are treated with antibiotics the first time , and if a second infection occurs , the medical recommendation is to place pregnant women on antibiotics for the entire pregnancy to prevent further infections . While cranberry should not be used to substitute for appropriate medical care , it has been shown in numerous studies to prevent UTIs . If you have a history of them , or have had one already during pregnancy , talk with your midwife or doctor about trying cranberry for prevention . While antibiotics are sometimes necessary , newer research is showing that exposure to antibiotics during pregnancy can have long - term consequences on our babies , including development of asthma and inflammatory bowel disease . Cranberry can be used in the form of cranberry juice ( even Ocean Spray has been shown to work , but I recommend less sugary types from the natural foods store or fresh juice made at home in a juicer using ยฝ cup of fresh frozen cranberries and 2 apples ) or cranberry capsules dosed as recommended on the product . Note : Untreated UTIs in pregnancy can cause serious problems ; if you suspect you have one , consult your midwife or doctor . 5 . Chamomile ( Matricaria recutita ) for better sleep Pregnancy is often a time of disturbed sleep whether from vivid dreams , new concerns over becoming a mom , or the discomfort of your growing belly making it hard to find just the right position . One of my favorite herbs for gently and safely promoting relaxation and sleep is chamomile . It is soothing for your tummy and tastes delicious , too . Chamomile can be taken up to several cupfuls daily if you are stressed , and taken before bed for sleep . I generally recommend 1 - 2 cups in the evening , but do not drink tea within an hour of going to sleep or you โ ll surely be up to pee ( though this happens in pregnancy anyway ! ) . To make chamomile tea steep 1 large or 2 small tea bags in 8 oz of boiling water for up to 10 minutes , or better yet , purchase organic chamomile blossoms from a company like Mountain Rose Herbs online and brew yourself a small teapot full using 1 tablespoon of the herb per 8 oz of water . Summary Herbs can provide substantial relief for common complaints and concerns that arise during pregnancy and childbirth . Nonetheless , like any medicines , they should be used with caution . Many herbs that have not been evaluated may nonetheless offer simple , safe , gentle , and effective solutions for common problems of pregnancy , ranging from anemia to yeast infections . | [
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http://avsrglobal.com/players/volleyball-at-universities-and-colleges | Home Playing & Studying in the USA Housing , Food and Travel Volleyball in the USA About AVSR Global History of Recruits Player of the Week Apply Publisher Bill Feldman Your Steps to a Scholarship Required Exams NCAA , NAIA , NJCAA , CCCAA University & College Info Advice from Players Like You NCAA Eligibility Center For Collegiate Coaches Contact Volleyball in the USA Teams , Divisions and Competitive Quality More than a thousand universities and colleges in the USA offer athletic scholarships to women volleyball players . Competitive quality is from high to low . Some teams are equal to the world โ s best professional teams . Most American teams are similar to secondary European leagues . There are five categories of American volleyball teams : โข NCAA Division I ( National Collegiate Athletic Association ) This includes 328 universities and colleges . The top Division I teams are nearly equal to the best professional teams in the world . โข NCAA Division II ( National Collegiate Athletic Association ) This includes 270 universities and colleges . The best Division II teams are stronger than many Division I teams . Most Division II schools have a smaller number of students than Division I schools . โข NCAA Division III These schools do not offer athletic scholarships . They can pay some of your expenses , but not all of them . Many Division III schools are elite in academics , but sports are a lower priority . โข NJCAA ( National Junior College Athletic Association ) Junior colleges are two - year schools that prepare students to advance to NCAA and NAIA universities . Most two - year schools have easier entry requirements . They can be excellent starting places for student - athletes from other countries . The volleyball teams range from strong to weak . โข NAIA ( National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics ) These schools include a variety of teams , scholarships and academic quality . Most are small colleges and universities . Some have a religious emphasis . Many NAIA schools are eager to recruit foreign students and have easier entry requirements . Yearly Calendar The life of a typical student - athlete in the USA follows this schedule : โข August : Train with your team and prepare for official matches . โข September - November : Study and attend classes . Train with your team and compete in official matches . โข Early December : Finish classes . Some teams compete in national championship tournaments . โข Middle December - Middle January : Holiday . Return to your home if you like . Many foreign students stay at the homes of friends from school . โข Middle January - Early April : Study and attend classes . Train with your team , and compete in friendly matches . โข Early April - Early May : Finish classes . Train with your team . โข Early May - Early August : Holiday . Return to your home . Some foreign students stay on campus or visit the homes of their friends . Professional and Amateur Rules Professional volleyball players in some countries can not be student - athletes in the USA . If you signed a contract and received money from a club , a scholarship might not be possible for you . However , rules about professional and amateur status are complex , and many professional players have scholarships at American universities . If you are not sure about your status , email your questions to AVSR . Volleyball Terms in the USA โข Athletic Scholarship : Contract between a student - athlete and a university or college . The student plays on a sport team and studies at the university . All major expenses are paid by the school . โข Coach : Combination of a trainer and manager . The head volleyball coach is the team โ s # 1 trainer and manager . โข College : Similar to a European university . Most colleges are smaller than universities and offer a narrower range of studies , but the quality of education may be excellent . โข Conference ( League ) : A group of university or college teams that compete against each other . โข High School : Secondary school ( final education level before university or college ) . โข Junior College : Two - year college that prepares students to advance to full universities and colleges . โข Student - Athlete : A student who plays on a sport team at her university or college . โข University : Similar to a European university . Most student - athletes earn a bachelor ' s degree in four or five years . Students can earn a master ' s degree in one or two more years . | [
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http://awarebse.com/exam.html | Breast Self Exam GENERAL GUIDELINES FOR BREAST SELF - EXAMINATION Knowledge of your body is key to good health . If you do n ' t know what you normally feel like , you wo n ' t be able to recognize signs of illness or infection . Breast self - exams help us to feel more comfortable with our bodies and gives us a baseline of how we look and feel when we ' re healthy . Self - exams also allow us to take action in protecting ourselves from cancer and cysts , since with regular self - exams we are more knowledgeable about our bodies than health Breast Self - Exams ( BSE ) Every women at age 20 should start conducting breast self - exams . BSEs should be performed once a month after your menstrual period , when breasts are n ' t tender or swollen . If you ' re not always regular , do it on the same day every month . If this is your first BSE , ask your health practitioner for detailed instructions and so that you can be sure that what you feel is normal and healthy . Do n ' t get upset if you feel some lumps or hardness ; that ' s natural . It is also normal if your breasts are not exactly the same size . Aware BSE Kit We are pleased to offer a Breast Self Examination Kit ( approved by the FDA ) , called Aware โข , that helps make BSE easy to do . This kit contains the Aware โข self - examination pad , along with an instructional DVD and educational materials that together will give you the confidence and the ease in which to do a monthly at home breast self - examination . The pad increases your sense of touch ( it ' s like using soap and water but you now do not need to be in the shower ) , For further product information , click on Aware โข now . For further information on the Breast Self Examination Kit , Aware โข and to place your order , select Aware โข now . Note : Aware is an aid to breast self - exams . However , there is no claim that all or any breast abnormalities will be found with its use . Aware should be used in conjunction with regular medical visits and periodic mammography . | [
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http://awautoparts.us/ | Ferrari Parts Ferrari Accessories Now at AWItaliancom Welcome to AW Imported Auto Parts We are your international Ferrari parts and Ferrari spares specialists At AW we offer a wide range of Ferrari parts and Ferrari original equipment We have been effectively importing OE and aftermarket Ferrari car parts and Ferrari accessories from Italy Germany and England for over 40 years As a warehouse distributor we can offer very competitive pricing for Ferrari spares from OEM brands such as Bosch ATE Brembo Borg and Beck and UFI Our helpful Ferrari sales force are very knowledgeable in Ferrari parts Ferrari accessories and Ferrari original equipment Most importantly our sales force are always here to help So go ahead and order your Ferrari parts or Ferrari accessories online or give us a call 800 6315589 and let us assist you with your purchase We know that you take pride in what you put into your Ferrari and so do we We offer only topmarket Ferrari car parts Your Ferrari is our passion | [
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http://awn.org/who/ | awn print awn digital awn news The Alternative Weekly Network ( AWN ) is comprised of more than 100 publications with circulation reaching 3 million and readership of more than 6 million adults . The majority of these publications are strongly independent , alternative publications that vary from market - to - market , while sharing certain core characteristics : edgy reporting , inventive graphic design and a definitive role as the local entertainment source . When using AWN , advertisers get the benefits of a national magazine buy while choosing national , regional or market specific targeting . Advertisers can work with AWN central office to facilitate a regional or national media buy and they will co - ordinate the placement delivering a single insertion order , and invoice . The AWN office provides comprehensive proposals detailing circulation , costs for various ad sizes and frequencies , logistical support and billing services . When you buy the alternative press , you ' re tapping the most effective way to reach the new generation . About AWN | Alternative audience | How to reach us | [
"Alternative Weekly Network",
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http://awoiaf.westeros.org/index.php/Azor_Ahai/Theories | Azor Ahai / Theories Theories may be removed if . . . Stated as questions or possibilities . More appropriate for another article . Illogical or previously disproven . Proven by canon source , and moved to main page . Speculative and lacking any evidence to support arguments . Responding to another theory ( use discussion page instead ) . This does not include responses that are also standalone theories . Usage of an indented bullet does not imply the statement is a response . According to the prophecy recounted by Melisandre , after a long summer , Azor Ahai will be reborn amidst smoke and salt wielding the flaming sword Lightbringer to defend the world from R ' hllor ' s nemesis , the Other . While Melisandre is certain Stannis Baratheon is Azor Ahai , others are not so sure . It seems very possible Dragonstone is the place Azor Ahai will be reborn as it is a volcanic island , thus providing both smoke from the mountain and salt from the sea . Contents hide 1 Azor Ahai reborn 2 Stannis Baratheon 3 Daenerys Targaryen 4 Jon Snow 5 Victarion Greyjoy 6 Aegon Targaryen 7 Rhaegar Targaryen 8 References Azor Ahai reborn According to the prophecy , as recounted by Melisandre , these are the indicators of the coming of Azor Ahai : After a long summer , when the stars bleed and the cold breath of darkness falls heavy on the world citation needed Variant : When the red star bleeds and the darkness gathers citation needed He shall be born again amidst smoke and salt He shall wake dragons out of stone He shall draw from the fire a burning sword , Lightbringer If Azor Ahai is the same as the prince that was promised He is born of the line of Aerys II and Rhaella , according to the woods witch His is the song of ice and fire , according to Rhaegar Targaryen According to Maester Aemon , the word used to describe the prince in the prophecy was a gender - neutral word . While all assumed that the prince must be male , Aemon recently came to believe the prophecy could point to a female as well . According to Benerro Azor Ahai was born amidst smoke and salt Azor Ahai will make the world anew Azor Ahai will triumph over darkness will bring a summer that will never end Death itself will bend its knee , and all those who die fighting in Azor Ahai ' s cause shall be reborn According to Melisandre , Stannis is Azor Ahai reborn . Stannis wields a magic sword that was forged by plunging a blade through a burning statue of the Maiden at the sept at Dragonstone . This ceremony is meant to be his ' rebirth ' as Azor Ahai . The burning statues of the Seven provide the smoke and the waves on the shores of Dragonstone provide the salt . Stannis was named the Lord of Dragonstone after Robert ' s Rebellion , Dragonstone being a place of smoke and salt . Stannis ' paternal grandmother was Rhaelle Targaryen , meaning that he has the Blood of the Dragon , which may or may not be a prerequisite . However , Stannis was n ' t born from the line of Mad Aerys and Rhaella . Maester Aemon also remarks that Stannis ' s sword , while shining brilliantly thanks to Melisandre ' s magic , gives off no heat and so could not possibly be Lightbringer . Daenerys Targaryen After Samwell Tarly tells Maester Aemon of the rumors about and her dragons , Aemon becomes certain that Daenerys is the prophesied leader . . He says to Sam : No one ever looked for a girl . .It was a prince that was promised , not a princess . Rhaegar I thought โฆ the smoke was from the fire that devoured Summerhall on the day of his birth , the salt from the tears shed for those who died . He shared my belief when he was young , but later he became persuaded that it was his own son who fulfilled the prophecy , for a comet had been seen above King โ s Landing on the night Aegon was conceived , and was certain the bleeding star had to be a comet . What fools we were , who thought ourselves so wise ! The error crept in from the translation . Dragons are neither male nor female , Barth saw the truth of that , but now one and now the other , as changeable as flame . The language misled us all for a thousand years . Daenerys is the one , born amidst salt and smoke . The dragons prove it . He subsequently bids Sam relate all their findings to the maesters in Oldtown and convince them to send a maester to Daenerys . The prophecy was originally made using the Valyrian word for " dragons " , who are neither male or female , meaning Azor Ahai reborn may not necessarily be a man . Daenerys was born on Dragonstone , an island in the narrow sea ( " amidst salt " ) , and reborn as the Mother of Dragons on Khal Drogo ' s burning funeral pyre ( " amidst smoke " ) . On that pyre her three petrified dragon eggs hatched ( " born amidst salt and smoke to wake dragons from stone " ) , and on that morning for the first time the Red Comet appeared in the sky ( " When the stars bleed . . . " ) . An additional prophecy from a woods witch prophesied that the Prince That Was Promised would be born from the line of Prince Aerys and Princess Rhaella . Daenerys is the daughter of Aerys and Rhaella . Benerro of Volantis proclaims that is Azor Ahai returned . Jon Snow Jon ' s wounds smoke while Bowen Marsh cries , providing the prophecised salt , and Ser Patrek ' s bloody , star laden heraldry is in the air above . When looks into her fires for Azor Ahai , she sees only things to do with Jon or snow , which he thinks must just be ash but she sees a possible connection to Jon . has a dream where he fights the Others with a red sword burning in his hand . If having the blood of the dragon is a prerequisite , if Jon ' s father is truly Rhaegar , Jon would satisfy that prerequisite . He would be the grandson of Aerys and Rhaella and thus come from their line . Jon chose his duty to the Night ' s Watch over his love for Ygritte . He indirectly caused her death by warning Castle Black of the incoming wildling raid . Similar to Azor Ahai sacrificing Nissa Nissa to complete Lightbringer . In the TV show adaptation , who ' s showrunners ' know from GRRM himself who Azor Ahai is , revealed in the tenth episode of Season 6 that Lyanna Stark is Jon ' s mother , and that Jon was born under a bleeding star . Edard Stark enters the Tower of Joy with a bloodied Dawn , the ancestral sword of House Dayne which was forged from a fallen star , therefore ensuring that in accordance with the prophecy Jon or Azor Ahai was born when stars bleed . Victarion Greyjoy While traveling to capture Daenerys , ' s likely mortal sword wound is healed by Moqorro , a red priest of R ' hllor . Afterward , his arm resembles roast pig and visibly smokes . The ritual was performed at sea , which provides the salt . Victarion ' s arm smokes afterward , which provides the smoke . Victarion was saved from death , which could be considered a form of rebirth . Moqorro says he sees a great future for Victarion in the service to R ' hllor . Victarion previously beat his wife to death , which is a possible Nissa Nissa connection . Aegon Targaryen Before his death , Rhaegar Targaryen believed his son to be the Prince that was Promised Aegon was born on , an island in the narrow sea ( " amidst salt " ) . The Dragonmont on Dragonstone is a smoking vulcano ( " admidst smoke " ) . On the night of his conception , a red comet was seen above King ' s Landing . A prophecy from a prophesied that the Prince That Was Promised would be born from the line of Aerys II Targaryen and Rhaella Targaryen . Aegon is their grandson . In his youth , and Maester thought Rhaegar was the Prince that was Promised , as Rhaegar was born during the Tragedy at Summerhall , amidst the smoke of the burning castle , with the salt coming from the tears shed for those who had died . A prophecy from a would be born from the line of Aerys II Targaryen Rhaella Targaryen . Rhaegar was their eldest child , and , until 276 AC , their only child . References โ A Clash of Kings Chapter 10 , Davos I . โ A Storm of Swords Chapter 63 , Davos VI . A Storm of Swords Chapter 78 , Samwell V . โ 4.0 4.1 A Feast for Crows Chapter 35 , Samwell IV . A Dance with Dragons Chapter 22 , Tyrion VI . A Dance with Dragons Chapter 69 , Jon XIII . Chapter 31 , Melisandre I . Chapter 58 , Jon XII . Chapter 56 , The Iron Suitor . A Clash of Kings Chapter 48 , Daenerys IV . Chapter 63 , Daenerys V . A Feast for Crows Chapter 34 , Cat Of The Canals . Categories Articles with unsourced statements Theories | [
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http://awoiaf.westeros.org/index.php/Castamere | Castamere Castamere The westerlands and the location of Castamere . is a ruined castle located south of the Crag and west of Ashemark in the northwestern westerlands also nearby is Tarbeck Hall The former seat of House Reyne , Castamere contains gold and silver mines . Contents hide 1 Layout 2 History 3 Recent Events 3.1 A Clash of Kings 3.2 A Storm of Swords 4 Quotes 5 References Layout Named after a nearby pool of blue water , Castamere began as a mine like Casterly Rock . After building curtain walls to guard the entrance with two stout towers , the Reynes constructed keeps and halls . As the gold and silver dried up , the mine below was widened and converted into halls , galleries , bedchambers , and a vast underground ballroom . While the surface fortifications resembled those of a minor lord or landed knight , nine - tenths of the castle was subterranean . History The drowning of Lord Roger Reyne , by Fuderiki The rich veins of gold and silver allowed House Reyne to become nearly as wealthy as House Lannister of Casterly Rock during the Age of Heroes Rhaena Targaryen and her dragon , Dreamfyre , briefly stayed at Castamere with the Reynes in 51 AC King Jaehaerys I Targaryen visited the castle in 55 AC Kevan Lannister , the second son of Lord Tytos Lannister , served as first page and then squire to Robert Reyne Lord of Castamere . Following the War of the Ninepenny Kings , tensions rose between the Reynes and Lannisters during the rule of Tytos . Castamere was where the opposing sides met to exchange hostages . Peace was short lived , however . During the ensuing Reyne - Tarbeck rebellion , the Reynes retreated to Castamere after the destruction of Tarbeck Hall . With Roger wounded and many of their men killed in battle , the Red Lion ' s brother , Ser Reynard , abandoned the surface castle for the safety of the mine ' s oak - and - iron gate . Tytos ' s heir , Ser Tywin Lannister , ignored Reynard ' s offers and had his miners bury Castamere ' s entrances beneath stone . The Lannisters then dammed the pool ' s stream and diverted it into a mine entrance , flooding the underground chambers of Castamere and drowning those trapped inside . Tywin also had the surface buildings put to the torch . The fate of the Reynes and Castamere is remembered in the song " The Rains of Castamere " . Recent Events A Clash of Kings During the War of the Five Kings , the gold mines of Castamere are seized by Lord Jon Umber after the Battle of Oxcross A Storm of Swords For their part in the downfall of House Stark during the War of the Five Kings House Spicer receives Castamere and Ser Rolph Spicer is named Lord of Castamere Quotes Tyrion : The Crag is not so far from and Castamere . You ' d think the Westerlings might have ridden past and seen the lesson there . Tyrion : Mayhaps they have . They are well aware of Castamere , I promise you . Tyrion Lannister and Tywin Lannister Every crow in the Seven Kingdoms should pay homage to you , Father . From Castamere to the Blackwater , you fed them well . โ thoughts of Jaime Lannister References โ 1.0 1.1 George R . R . Martin ' s A World of Ice and Fire , map of Westeros . โ George R . R . Martin ' s A World of Ice and Fire , Castamere . โ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Chapter 19 , Tyrion III . 4.0 4.1 Chapter 39 , Catelyn V . 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 The World of Ice & Fire , The Westerlands : House Lannister under the Dragons . โ Fire & Blood , A Time of Testing - The Realm Remade . Fire & Blood , Jaehaerys and Alysanne - Their Triumphs and Tragedies . Chapter 72 , Jaime IX . A Feast for Crows Chapter 8 , Jaime I . v d e Westerlands Settlements Ashemark Banefort Clegane ' s Keep Cornfield Crakehall Deep Den Faircastle Feastfires Golden Tooth Greenfield Hornvale Kayce Lannisport Oxcross Riverspring Sarsfield Silverhill Wyndhall Locations Blackwater Rush Fair Isle Goldroad Ironman ' s Bay Lann ' s Point Nunn ' s Deep Ocean Road Pendric Hills Red Fork River Road Straits of Fair Isle Sunset Sea Tumblestone Categories House Spicer Castles Lakes Places in the Westerlands | [
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"Age of Heroes"
] |
http://awoiaf.westeros.org/index.php/Daario_Naharis | Daario Naharis Daario Naharis Daario Naharis by Steamey ยฉ Title Captain Allegiance Stormcrows House Targaryen Culture Tyroshi Book ( s ) A Storm of Swords ( appears ) A Feast for Crows ( appendix ) A Dance with Dragons ( appears ) Played by Ed Skrein ~ Season 3 Michiel Huisman ~ Season 4 6 TV series Season 3 | Season 4 | Season 5 Season 6 Daario Naharis is a Tyroshi captain of the sellsword company , the Stormcrows Contents hide 1 Appearance and Character 2 Recent Events 2.1 A Storm of Swords 2.2 A Dance with Dragons 3 Quotes by Daario 4 Quotes about Daario 5 References 6 External Links Appearance and Character See also : Images of Daario Naharis Daario keeps his beard cut in three prongs , all dyed blue . His eyes are blue and his curly hair is dyed blue . His mustachios are painted gold and he has a large , curving nose . He is lithe , smooth skinned , has a golden tooth and dresses in loud colors and finery . He wears a Dothraki arakh on his left hip and a Myrish stiletto on his right hip . Their hilts are a matched pair of naked women made in gold . Daario is a capable warrior and like most sellswords is fickle , faithless and brutal . He is also quick to anger and reckless . He seems to have some genuine affection for Daenerys Targaryen Recent Events Daario with the heads of Prendahl and Sallor - by Amok ยฉ Daario Naharis , Captain of the and paramour of Daenerys Targaryen - by Sardag ยฉ Daario is part of the Stormcrows when they take on a contract to defend Yunkai from the forces of . Daario is one of the captains of the Stormcrows who attend the parley with Daenerys . She offers the captains gold and plunder if the Stormcrows come over to her side , but is rebuffed by Prendahl na Ghezn , one of the other captains . The Stormcrows are a company of freedmen , and therefore the question of breaking the contract with Yunkai would have to be put to each man . While that debate is going on in the camp , Daario , won over by Daenerys , kills Prendahl and his fellow captain , Sallor the Bald , and brings the Stormcrows over to Daenerys . Daenerys sends Daario as an ambassador to the Lhazareen with the mission of reopening the land trade routes between Lhazar and Meereen Daenerys and he eventually become lovers . Daario makes several suggestions on how to achieve peace , such as going ahead with the wedding of Dany to Hizdahr zo Loraq and then at the wedding feast , his sellswords slay all the Meereenese nobles whose loyalty to Dany is dubious . This plan โ quite similar to the Red Wedding โ horrifies Daenerys and she refuses to go along with it . Daario becomes bad tempered when Dany weds Hizdahr and he leaves her presence . He , along with Jhogo , Captain Groleo , and several others , are given as hostages to Yunkai to vouchsafe for Daenerys ' s good intentions for peace . When Daenerys disappears on dragonback , the Yunkai ' i refuse to release the hostages until the other two dragons are executed . As Daario remains a prisoner of the Yunkai ' i , command of the passes to the Widower Jokin Quotes by Daario I count no day as lived unless I have loved a woman , slain a foeman , and eaten a fine meal . . . My sword is yours . My life is yours . My love is yours . My blood , my body , my songs , you own them all . I live and die at your command , fair queen . โ Daario , to I trust all my men . Just as far as I can spit . Better the butcher than the meat . All kings are butchers . Are queens so different ? โ Daario , to Daenerys : You boasted that you ' d had a hundred women . Daario : A hundred ? I lied , sweet queen . It was a thousand . But never once a dragon Daenerys : Where are you going ? Daario : Out into your city , to drink a keg or two and pick a quarrel . It has been too long since I ' ve killed a man . Might be I should seek out your betrothed Quotes about Daario He has a sellsword ' s conscience , That is to say , none at all . ' s thoughts Daario . . . She loves Daario . He had seen it in her eyes when she looked at him , heard it in her voice when she spoke of him . Barristan Selmy Her love for Daario is poison . A slower poison than the locusts , but in the end as deadly . Barristan Selmy References โ Appendix โ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Chapter 42 , Daenerys IV . โ Chapter 2 , Daenerys I . โ 4.0 4.1 Chapter 36 , Daenerys VI . 5.0 5.1 Chapter 50 , Daenerys VIII . Chapter 52 , Daenerys IX . Chapter 70 , The Queen ' s Hand . 8.0 8.1 Chapter 23 , Daenerys IV . Chapter 43 , Daenerys VII . 10.0 10.1 Chapter 67 , The Kingbreaker . External Links on the Game of Thrones wiki Categories Characters from Tyrosh Courtiers and followers of Daenerys Targaryen Mercenaries Members of the Stormcrows Mistresses and paramours | [
"Daario Naharis",
"Tyroshi",
"sellsword"
] |
http://awoiaf.westeros.org/index.php/House_Tyrell | House Tyrell House Tyrell of Highgarden Coat of arms A golden rose , on a green field Vert , a rose or Words Growing Strong Seat Highgarden Lord Mace Tyrell Region The Reach Title High Steward of Highgarden ( pre - Conquest ) Lord of Highgarden Lord Paramount of the Mander Defender of the Marches High Marshal of the Reach Warden of the South Heir Willas Tyrell Overlord House Baratheon of King ' s Landing Cadet Branch House Tyrell of Brightwater Keep Founder Ser Alester Tyrell House Tyrell of Highgarden is one of the Great Houses of the Seven Kingdoms , being Lords Paramount of the Mander and the liege lords of the Reach . A large , wealthy house , its wealth is only surpassed among the Great Houses by House Lannister , and the Tyrells can field the greatest armies . Additionally , if they call the ships of the Redwyne fleet , the lords of the Shield Islands , and the coastal lords , they can command a navy that equals if not surpasses the royal fleet of King ' s Landing Highgarden is an ancient seat of rule and the heart of chivalry in the Seven Kingdoms ; the Tyrells style themselves ' Defenders of the Marches ' and ' High Marshals of the Reach ' , and traditionally , they have been Wardens of the South in addition to Lords Paramount of the Mander . Their sigil is a golden rose on a green field , and their words are " Growing Strong " . Members of the family tend to have curly brown hair and brown eyes . Contents hide 1 History 1.1 Kingdom of the Reach 1.2 Targaryen Era 2 Recent Events 2.1 A Game of Thrones 2.2 A Clash of Kings 2.3 A Storm of Swords 2.4 A Feast for Crows 2.5 A Dance with Dragons 3 House Tyrell at the end of the third century 3.1 Household 3.1.1 Margaery ' s companions and ladies - in - waiting : 3.1.2 At Highgarden : 3.1.3 Knights and sworn swords : 3.1.4 At King ' s Landing 4 Historical Members 5 Sworn Houses 6 Quotes 7 References History Kingdom of the Reach Unlike most other Great Houses , the Tyrells never ruled as kings . Instead , they trace their line of descent through the female line to the legendary Garth the Gardener , the mythical first King of the Reach reigning in the Age of Heroes , and the son of the equally mythic Garth Greenhand Members of House Gardener , the ruling house of the , periodically intermarried with lower ranking houses of the Reach such as House Tyrell . The Tyrells served as stewards to House Gardener Ser Alester Tyrell , the founder of the house , was an Andal knight and adventurer who showed such prowess at arms that he was named the champion and sworn shield of King Gwayne V Gardener , the last of the Three Sage Kings Ser Alester ' s eldest son also became a notable knight , but died in a tourney . Alester ' s second son , Gareth , was of a more bookish bent and never achieved knighthood , choosing instead to serve as a royal steward . He and his son Leo performed their duties so well , the Gardeners made the office of High Steward hereditary . It is from Gareth that today โ s Tyrells descend . During the minority of King Garland VI Gardener , a member of House Tyrell ruled the in his name as Regent When Lords Manderly and Peake instigated a civil war to see their respective wives , both daughters to the senile old King Garth X Gardener , succeed as Queen of the Reach , Ser Osmund Tyrell , the High Steward of Highgarden , led an alliance of twoscore houses to put down the rebels and reclaimed the ruins of which had been sacked by a Dornish king and his raiders . Ser Osmund placed a second cousin of the late Garth X , who has been killed by the raiders , upon the new throne as King Mern VI Gardener Relying on the able counsel of Ser Osmund , and later Osmund ' s son Ser Robert Tyrell , and finally Robert ' s son Lorent Tyrell , King Mern ruled well , rebuilding and doing much and more to restore the power of the and House Gardener . Mern VI was so pleased with them that he gave Ser Robert the hand of his youngest daughter in marriage , thereby allowing the following generations of Tyrells to claim decent from Garth Greenhand That was the first marriage between the two houses , and nine more unions followed in the passing centuries . Targaryen Era Highgarden Honor Guard by artist Tomasz Jedruszek . ยฉ Fantasy Flight Games Following the defeat and death of King Mern IX Gardener and his other kin at the Field of Fire during Aegon ' s Conquest Harlen Tyrell , hereditary high steward of the Reach , surrendered to Aegon the Conqueror . As a reward , Harlen was granted the castle along with dominion of the Reach as Lord Paramount of the Mander . As Wardens of the South they frequently warred with the Dornishmen , who remained independent . Harlen disappeared in the Dornish sands during the First Dornish War During the reign of King Jaehaerys I Targaryen , the Tyrells hosted the famed Tourney of the Field of Roses As the Dance of the Dragons began , Lord Lyonel Tyrell was an infant , and his regent mother was judged likely to align the Reach with the House ' s " overmighty " bannermen , the Hightowers , and the greens However , House Tyrell decided to take no part in the war . The Tyrell bannermen , on the other hand , were split during the war , with men of the Reach fighting on both sides . Later Ser Ulf the White would attempt to claim Highgarden for himself , as House Tyrell had taken no part in the Dance and he believed they should be considered traitors . When Daeron I Targaryen , the Young Dragon , attempted the conquest of Dorne , Lord Lyonel commanded the army that invaded via Prince ' s Pass . After the initial victory , Daeron appointed Lord Tyrell as governor of Dorne . Lord Tyrell liked Dornish women and one night he pulled the rope that would signal for a wench to come to his bed , and a hundred scorpions fell from the canopy instead . His death sparked new revolts , and the conquest was undone in a fortnight . Lord Leo " Longthorn " Tyrell participated in the tourney at Ashford Meadow , beginning the tourney as one of the champions . Both Prince Aegon Targaryen and Ser Duncan recognized him as a formidable opponent , one that Duncan would better avoid . During Robert ' s Rebellion , House Tyrell stayed loyal to King Aerys II Targaryen . Lord Mace Tyrell ' s forces achieved victory against Lord Robert Baratheon at the Battle of Ashford . Mace likes to take credit for the success , but it was the van under command of Lord Randyll Tarly that put Robert to flight . Mace ' s cousin , Ser Quentin Tyrell , died in the battle . Mace went on to besiege Storm ' s End for almost a year . He bent the knee to Lord Eddard Stark after King Aerys II Targaryen had been killed in the Sack of King ' s Landing The new King Robert I Baratheon accepted the Tyrells back into the king ' s peace . Recent Events A Game of Thrones by Zippo514 ยฉ . House Tyrell is among the houses that Viserys Targaryen believes will rise for him if he lands in Westeros Ser Loras Tyrell resides at King ' s Landing with his own retinue . Loras participates in the Hand ' s tourney , defeating Ser Gregor Clegane but yielding the final tilt to Sandor Clegane after the latter rescues him from Gregor ' s wrath . He asks the honor of taking the place of the injured Hand of the King , Lord Eddard Stark , in leading a force to bring Gregor to justice for pillaging the riverlands , but Eddard refuses him . When King Robert I Baratheon lays dying , Loras flees with Lord Renly Baratheon after Eddard rebuffs Renly ' s request for his aid in taking Robert ' s children into custody . After Robert ' s death , the new king , Joffrey I Baratheon , has Loras , Lord , his brothers ( of which he has none ) , uncles , and other two sons Willas and Garlan named among the nobles whom must swear fealty to him or be attainted as traitors . However , no Tyrell travels to King ' s Landing . Instead , Joffrey ' s uncle Renly claims the Iron Throne and marries Mace ' s daughter Margaery at A Clash of Kings Strength of Highgarden by Tomasz Jedruszek . ยฉ Fantasy Flight Games Ser Loras Tyrell is named the Lord Commander of Renly Baratheon ' s own bodyguards , the Rainbow Guard , while Lord is named Renly ' s Hand of the King Most of the Tyrell bannermen join them in supporting Renly , giving him the strongest army in the War of the Five Kings Mace Tyrell closes off the roseroad , resulting in famine in Renly is murdered at Storm ' s End . When he sees his lover ' s body , an enraged Loras kills three of Renly ' s guards , including Emmon Cuy Robar Royce , two knights of the Rainbow Guard . Loras returns to Bitterbridge , where Renly ' s remaining sixty thousand men are located , with some four thousand of Renly ' s knights . In King ' s Landing , the small council attempts to make an alliance with the Tyrells by offering to marry Joffrey I Baratheon to Lady Margaery Tyrell Petyr Baelish , representing Joffrey , travels to Bitterbridge and to negotiate the allegiance of the Tyrells . Riders are sent north to warn Lord Tywin Lannister of Stannis ' s threat to the capital . The new alliance between House Tyrell and House Lannister joins forces to battle Stannis Baratheon in the Battle of the Blackwater at . Mace and two sons , Garlan and Loras , await Lord Tywin Lannister and his army at Tumbler ' s Falls . From there , they float down the Blackwater Rush upon a fleet of barges , disembarking half a day ' s ride from King ' s Landing . They arrive at the city at dusk , taking Stannis ' s army from the rear . Lord Tyrell commands the left , and Ser Garlan the vanguard . The van plunges through Stannis ' s army , while Garlan dresses in the recognizable green armor of the deceased Renly Baratheon , which causes Renly ' s former supporters , convinced Renly has risen from the grave , to abandon Stannis . Mace is granted a seat on the small council as a reward for his participation in the battle . His son Loras is named to Joffrey ' s Kingsguard , and his daughter Margaery is betrothed to Joffrey . A Storm of Swords Servants of House Tyrell distribute food to the poor of , by Dimitri Bielak . ยฉ Fantasy Flight Games The Tyrells ' s lack of a royal history , unlike other great houses , causes them to seek more status and power . Prior to Margaery ' s arrival in , wagons of food are sent to the capital for the starving population in her name . When she arrives in the city , she is greeting by cheering crowds . Margaery and her grandmother , Lady Olenna , inquire with Sansa Stark about King ' s nature , and learn how both Joffrey and his mother Cersei have been treating the Stark girl . When Sansa expresses fear that Margaery will refuse the marriage due to the revelation , Margaery and Olenna confide in Sansa that Mace is determined to see Margaery become a queen , while simply calling Joffrey ' s nature " a pity " . Margaery and Olenna suggest to Sansa that she travel to after Margaery ' s wedding , secretly plotting to marry Sansa to Margaery ' s eldest brother , Willas Margaery and her ladies take Sansa in , taking her hawking , doing needlework with her , and other such pastimes . Garlan Tyrell is granted the titles , lands and incomes of House Florent , including lordship of Brightwater Keep Mace is named master of ships On the first day of 300 AC , Margaery marries King Joffrey at the Great Sept of Baelor in King ' s Landing . During the wedding feast , however , Joffrey dies from poison Lord Petyr Baelish later reveals to Sansa that Joffrey ' s death was arranged by himself and Lady Olenna . When Joffrey ' s uncle , Tyrion Lannister , is falsely accused of the king ' s murder , Mace serves as one of the judges at his trial . Mace , unaware of his mother Olenna ' s involvement in the poisoning , is convinced of Tyrion ' s guilt , and wants him dead , as Margaery had been drinking from the same cup of wine as Joffrey . Loras attempts to attack Brienne of Tarth , whom he holds responsible for Renly Baratheon ' s death , when she arrives in King ' s Landing . To protect her , Ser Jaime Lannister has her arrested . He later discusses Renly ' s death with Loras and commands Loras to speak with Brienne about what happened , which he does . After Joffrey ' s death , the Tyrells insist that Margaery is wed to his younger brother Tommen I , the new king . Lord suggests offering Jaime as a husband for Margaery instead , intending to have Jaime abdicate his place in the Kingsguard . Jaime refuses . Tywin eventually agrees to betroth Tommen to Margaery . A Feast for Crows House Tyrell bannermen โ by Tomasz Jedruszek . ยฉ Fantasy Flight Games After the death of Lord , Tommen ' s , Dowager Queen Cersei Lannister takes over the regency . Cersei is mistrustful of the Tyrells , feeling they overreach themselves . She suspects that they are trying to seize control of the kingdom , and her suspicion grows when Qyburn finds a Gardener coin in the cell where Tyrion Lannister had been held before his escape . Qyburn tells her that the coin is similar to the ones Lady Olenna Tyrell carries with her when traveling , causing Cersei to wrongfully suspect a Tyrell involvement in Tyrion ' s escape . Cersei commences a campaign of intrigue to remove Tyrells in from positions of influence and authority , including Margaery and her brother Loras , a knight of the Kingsguard Mace refuses to leave until Margaery and Tommen are wed . As such , Margaery marries King Tommen I Baratheon in a small ceremony in the Red Keep ' s royal sept , followed by a small feast . His daughter now wed , Mace leaves King ' s Landing with Lord Mathis Rowan and half of the Tyrell strength to take from Ser Gilbert Farring , while Ser takes the other half of the Tyrell forces back to the to claim Brightwater Keep Paxter Redwyne uses the Redwyne fleet to transport Lannister soldiers to Dragonstone , which is held by Rolland Storm Taena of Myr claims to the queen regent that Margaery is paying Cersei ' s maid Senelle to spy on Cersei for her . Cersei asks Margaery leave to take Taena on as her own companion , and uses Taena to feed Margaery only the information she wants her to know , with most of it being untrue . Additionally , Taena informs Cersei of everything Margaery does . Margaery begins to instruct Tommen on his kingship , telling him he should sit on the Iron Throne and attend the small council meetings , which earns her further hatred of Cersei , who plans to rule herself until Tommen comes of age Cersei becomes convinced that Margaery is attempting to steal Tommen from her . Meanwhile , Margaery does much to gain favor with the residents of King ' s Landing by visiting local markets to buy fresh fruits , bread , and fish , ordering dresses from local seamstresses , and making great public shows of charity . After the taking of the Shields by the ironborn , Margaery insists that her father and his forces be allowed to return to the Reach , thereby abandoning the siege of Storm ' s End , and is shocked when Cersei seems to lack understanding for the threat posed by the ironborn . Ser Loras asks permission to take command of the siege of Dragonstone from Lord Redwyne , so the Redwyne fleet is no longer needed at the island and can return to the Reach to face the ironborn . Although Loras is successful in taking Dragonstone , he is severely injured . In order to get rid of Margaery , Cersei attempts to frame her for adultery and treason . When Margaery does not respond to the advances of Cersei ' s agent , Ser Osney Kettleblack Cersei has him falsely confess to the High Sparrow that he had intercourse with Margaery and her cousins , Elinor Megga Tyrell Margaery and her cousins are subsequently arrested by the Faith and confined in the Great Sept . When Septa Moelle reports at court that Margaery ' s maidenhead has been broken , Grand Maester Pycelle reveals how he provided Margaery with moon tea on several occasions ( as per Cersei ' s instructions ) . While she is confined by the Faith , Margaery is visited by Cersei and scolds her for framing her . A mob forms in front of the Great Sept , calling out Margaery ' s name . When he learns about his daughter ' s arrest , Lord Mace abandons the siege of Storm ' s End and marches most of his force back to King ' s Landing . His bannerman , Lord Randyll Tarly , leaves Maidenpool with his own army to give Margaery his aid . A Dance with Dragons The evidence against Margaery and her cousins is weak . As such , the High Sparrow agrees to hand them over into the custody of Lord , who has arrived in arrives next with his force , and refuses to leave the city until Margaery ' s trial is over and she is declared innocent , despite the Golden Company having landed in the stormlands Margaery plans to let the Faith sit in judgement of her . Ser Kevan Lannister , King Tommen I Baratheon ' s new regent , names Mace the , while Mace ' s bannermen Paxter Redwyne are made masters of justiciar lord admiral , respectively . Kevan wonders why Mace insists on having his army present when Margaery faces her accusers , if she is as innocent as Mace would have them all believe . House Tyrell at the end of the third century Back row , left to right : Loras Margaery Front : Olenna Mace Alerie . Art by Cabepfir ยฉ . Growing Strong . ยฉ Fantasy Flight Games The known Tyrells during the timespan of the events described in A Song of Ice and Fire are : Lord Lord of Highgarden Defender of the Marches High Marshal of the Reach Warden of the South , and Lady Alerie Hightower , his wife . Willas Tyrell , his eldest son and heir . He has a crippled leg . Garlan Tyrell , his second son . Called Garlan the Gallant . Married to Leonette Fossoway . Titular Lord of , his third son . Called the Knight of Flowers . A brother of the Queen Margaery Tyrell , his daughter , Queen of the Seven Kingdoms . Widow of Renly I Joffrey I , now married to King Tommen I Lady Olenna Redwyne , his mother . She is known as the ' Queen of Thorns . ' Mina Tyrell , his sister . Married to Lord Janna Tyrell , his sister . Married to Ser Jon Fossoway Garth Tyrell , his uncle . Called ' Garth the Gross ' . Lord Seneschal of Highgarden Garse Flowers , Garth ' s bastard son . Garrett Flowers , Garth ' s bastard son . Moryn Tyrell , his uncle . Lord Commander of the City Watch of Oldtown Ser { Luthor Tyrell } , Moryn ' s eldest son . Married to Elyn Norridge Theodore Tyrell , Luthor ' s eldest son . Married to Lia Serry Elinor Tyrell , Theodore ' s daughter . Handmaiden to Queen Margaery . Luthor Tyrell , Theodore ' s son . A squire . Maester Medwick , Luthor ' s second son . A Maester Olene Tyrell , Luthor ' s daughter . Married to Ser Leo Blackbar Leo Tyrell , Moryn ' s second son . Called ' Leo the Lazy ' . Studying at the Citadel Maester Gormon , his uncle . A Maester . Distant relations of the main branch are : Ser { Quentin Tyrell } , a cousin of Lord Mace . Slain at the Battle of Ashford Olymer Tyrell , Quentin ' s son . Married to Lysa Meadows Raymund Tyrell , Olymer ' s eldest son . Rickard Tyrell , Olymer ' s second son . Megga Tyrell , Olymer ' s daughter . Handmaiden to Queen Margaery . Normund , a cousin of Lord Mace . He is in service at Blackcrown Victor Tyrell } , a cousin of Lord Mace . Slain by the Smiling Knight of the Kingswood Brotherhood Victaria Tyrell , Victor ' s daughter . Widow of Lord Jon Bulwer Alysanne Bulwer , Victaria ' s daughter . The Lady of Blackcrown Leo Tyrell , Victor ' s son . Married to Alys Beesbury Alla Tyrell , Leo ' s eldest daughter . Handmaiden to Queen Margaery . Leona Tyrell , Leo ' s second daughter . Lyonel Tyrell , Leo ' s eldest son . Lucas Tyrell , Leo ' s second son . Lorent Tyrell , Leo ' s third son . Luthor Olenna Redwyne Gormon Garth Moryn Mace Alerie Hightower Janna Jon Fossoway Mina Garse Flowers Garrett Flowers Luthor Elyn Norridge Leo " the Lazy " Leonette Fossoway Horas Redwyne Hobber Redwyne Desmera Redwyne Lia Serry Theodore Olene Leo Blackbar Medwick Joffrey Baratheon Elinor Tommen Baratheon Quentin Normund Victor Olymer Lysa Meadows Jon Bulwer Victaria Leo Alys Beesbury Raymund Rickard Megga Alysanne Bulwer Lyonel Alla Lucas Lorent Leona Household Margaery ' s companions and ladies - in - waiting : Megga Alla Elinor Tyrell , Margaery ' s cousins . Elinor ' s betrothed , Alyn Ambrose , a squire . , a girl , Meredyth Crane , called ' Merry ' , Lady Alyce Graceford , Lady Taena Merryweather , late of Myr and wife of Lord Orton Merryweather , Lady , wife of Lord Septa Nysterica , a sister of the Faith . At Highgarden : Lomys , counselor , healer , and tutor . Igon Vyrwel , captain of the guard . Vortimer Crane , master - at - arms . Butterbumps , fool and jester , hugely fat . Arryk Erryk , called ' Left ' and ' Right ' , twin guardsmen to Lady Olenna . Knights and sworn swords : Mark Mullendore , a knight . Crippled during the Battle of the Blackwater Willam Wythers , captain of Queen Margaery ' s guard in King ' s Landing . Bayard Norcross and Ser Hugh Clifton , household knights in King ' s Landing . At King ' s Landing The Blue Bard , whose real name is Wat , a singer . Gone mad from torture at the hands of Qyburn and , later , the Faith of the Seven Historical Members , founder of the House . An Andal knight and sworn shield to King Gwayne V Gardener Gareth Tyrell , Alester ' s second son . , Gareth ' s son . Osmund Tyrell , High Steward of Highgarden during the reign of King Garth X Gardener Robert Tyrell , his son , High Steward to King Mern VI Gardener , his grandson , High Steward to Mern VI Harlen Tyrell , first Tyrell Lord of Highgarden . Theo Tyrell , Harlen ' s son and successor . Consolidated Tyrell power over the Reach . Bertrand Tyrell , Lord of Highgarden at the beginning of King Jaehaerys I Targaryen ' s reign . Martyn Tyrell , Bertrand ' s son and successor , master of coin for Bastard sons , known to be unruly . Matthos Tyrell , Lord of Highgarden during the Great Council of 101 AC When Princess Rhaenyra Targaryen toured the south in 112 AC , she was courted by the son of Lord Tyrell , among many others . , Lord of Highgarden during the Dance of the Dragons and a major participant serving under King Daeron I in the conquest of Dorne , known as " Leo Longthorn " , a renowned jouster and participant in the Ashford tourney ; head of the House during the reigns of kings Daeron II Aerys I , father of . He rode off a cliff to his death while hawking . Sworn Houses House Ambrose House Appleton Appleton House Ashford Ashford House Ball House Blackbar Bandallon House Bridges House Bushy House Caswell Bitterbridge House Chester Greenshield House Cockshaw House Conklyn House Cordwayner Hammerhal House Crane Red Lake House Dunn House Durwell House Florent House Footly Tumbleton House Fossoway Cider Hall , the " red apple Fossoways " House Fossoway New Barrel , the " green apple Fossoways " House Graceford Holyhall House Graves House Grimm Grimston House Hastwyck House Hewett Hewett Castle House Hightower Hightower House Hutcheson House Inchfield House Kidwell Ivy Hall House Leygood House Lowther House Lyberr House Meadows Grassy Vale House Merryweather Longtable House Middlebury House Norcross House Norridge House Oakheart Old Oak House Oldflowers House Orme House Peake Starpike House Pommingham House Redding House Redwyne Arbor House Rhysling House Risley House Rowan Goldengrove House Roxton Ring House Serry House Shermer Smithyton House Sloane House Stackhouse House Tarly Horn Hill House Tyrell of Brightwater Keep House Uffering House Varner House Vyrwel Darkdell House Westbrook House Willum House Woodwright House Wythers House Yelshire Quotes My most leal servants . Gyles III Gardener If truth be told , even our claim to is a bit dodgy , just as those dreadful Florents are always whining . Olenna Tyrell Sansa Stark Tyrell swords will make me king . Stannis Baratheon The Tyrells were only stewards that the dragon - kings had upjumped far above their station . Their vanity was exceeded only by their ambition . โ thoughts of Cersei Lannister The more we give these Tyrells , the more they demand of us . โ thoughts of Kevan Lannister was beginning to understand why Cersei had grown so resentful of the Tyrells . Kevan Lannister References โ The World of Ice & Fire , The Reach . โ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Chapter 22 , Catelyn II . โ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Chapter 19 , Tyrion III . 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 Chapter 67 , Jaime VIII . 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 Chapter 6 , Sansa I . โ The World of Ice & Fire , The Reach : Garth Greenhand . 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5 7.6 7.7 7.8 7.9 , The Reach : House Tyrell . 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 , The Reach : Andals in the Reach . , Dorne : Dorne Against the Dragons . , The Reach : Highgarden . 11.0 11.1 The Princess and the Queen , The Targaryen Kings : Aegon II . 13.0 13.1 13.2 Chapter 66 , Tyrion IX . The Hedge Knight Chapter 54 , Davos V . Chapter 78 , Samwell V . Appendix Prologue Chapter 39 , Eddard X . Chapter 3 , Daenerys I . Chapter 47 , Eddard XIII . Chapter 30 , Eddard VII . Chapter 43 , Eddard XI . Chapter 49 , Eddard XIV . Chapter 57 , Sansa V . Chapter 69 , Tyrion IX . Appendix Chapter 17 , Tyrion IV . 29.0 29.1 29.2 Chapter 36 , Tyrion VIII . 30.0 30.1 Chapter 68 , Sansa VI . 31.0 31.1 Chapter 14 , Catelyn II . Chapter 61 , Tyrion XIV . 33.0 33.1 Chapter 62 , Sansa VII . 34.0 34.1 Chapter 65 , Sansa VIII . Chapter 16 , Sansa II . 37.0 37.1 Chapter 60 , Tyrion VIII . 38.0 38.1 38.2 38.3 Chapter 62 , Jaime VII . 39.0 39.1 Chapter 72 , Jaime IX . 40.0 40.1 Chapter 3 , Cersei I . 41.0 41.1 Chapter 7 , Cersei II . 42.0 42.1 42.2 Chapter 16 , Jaime II . 43.0 43.1 43.2 Chapter 24 , Cersei V . Chapter 8 , Jaime I . 45.0 45.1 45.2 45.3 Chapter 12 , Cersei III . 46.0 46.1 Chapter 36 , Cersei VIII . 47.0 47.1 47.2 Chapter 28 , Cersei VI . Chapter 32 , Cersei VII . Chapter 17 , Cersei IV . Chapter 39 , Cersei IX . 51.0 51.1 Chapter 43 , Cersei X . 52.0 52.1 52.2 Chapter 54 , Cersei I . Chapter 65 , Cersei II . 54.0 54.1 Epilogue The Rogue Prince , House Tyrell . v d e Houses of the At the start of Great House Tyrell Noble Houses Ambrose Appleton Ashford Beesbury Blackbar Bulwer Caswell Cockshaw Cordwayner Costayne Crane Cuy Florent Fossoway of Cider Hall Hightower Meadows Merryweather Mullendore Oakheart Peake Redwyne Rowan Shermer Tarly Varner Vyrwel Shield Islands Chester Grimm Hewett Serry Other Houses Ball Bridges Bushy Cobb Conklyn Dunn Durwell Footly Graceford Graves Hastwyck Hunt Hutcheson Inchfield Kidwell Leygood Lowther Lyberr Middlebury Norcross Norridge Oldflowers Orme Pommingham Redding Rhysling Risley Roxton Sloane Stackhouse Uffering Webber Westbrook Willum Woodwright Wythers Yelshire Landed Knights Fossoway of New Barrel Osgrey of Standfast Exiled Houses Manderly Extinct Houses Gardener Osgrey of Leafy Lake At the end of Great House Tyrell of Highgarden Noble Houses Ambrose Beesbury Blackbar Bulwer Caswell Cockshaw Cordwayner Costayne Crane Cuy Fossoway of Cider Hall Meadows Merryweather Mullendore Oakheart Redwyne Rowan Shermer Tarly Tyrell of Brightwater Keep Varner Vyrwel Other Houses Ball Bridges Bushy Cobb Conklyn Dunn Durwell Footly Graceford Graves Hastwyck Hunt Hutcheson Inchfield Kidwell Leygood Lowther Lyberr Middlebury Norcross Norridge Oldflowers Orme Pommingham Redding Rhysling Risley Roxton Sloane Stackhouse Uffering Webber Westbrook Willum Woodwright Wythers Yelshire Landed Knights Fossoway of New Barrel Osgrey of Standfast Deposed Houses Chester Florent Grimm Hewett Serry Exiled Houses Extinct Houses Osgrey of Leafy Lake Categories Houses from the Reach Houses of Andal origin Noble houses | [
"House Tyrell",
"Great Houses of the Seven Kingdoms",
"Targaryen Era"
] |
http://awoiaf.westeros.org/index.php/Purple_eyes | Purple eyes Aerion Targaryen , the Lord of Dragonstone ยฉ Scherma Daenerys Targaryen ' s violet eyes - by Bella Bergolts ยฉ FFG Aegor Rivers was only half Targaryen , so he had purple eyes , but his hair was black . ยฉ Marc Simonetti Ashara Dayne had haunting violet eyes , by Bella Bergolts Purple eyes of different shades are exhibited by some characters in the world of George R . R . Martin โ s A Song of Ice and Fire The most well - known shade of purple eyes is violet . Two other shades are lilac and indigo . It is a rare and beautiful eye color , but is relatively common in the Targaryen family , who are descended from the dragonlords of the ancient Valyrian Freehold . In Westeros , few but the " blood of the dragon " have purple eyes . The blood of old Valyria is often manifested by eyes in shades of purple , and hair of silver - gold or platinum white . This coloring was typical among Valyrians , and is often held up as proof that Valyrians are not entirely of the same blood as other men . Contents hide 1 Westeros 1.1 House Targaryen 1.2 House Blackfyre 1.3 House Velaryon 1.4 House Dayne 2 The Free Cities 3 Animals 4 Characters stated to have purple eyes 5 Quotes 6 See also 7 References and Notes House Targaryen Striking lilac or indigo or violet eyes are typical Targaryen features , and a famous proclamation of their Valyrian heritage . Their practice of incest was kept in part to preserve their rare coloring . The famed Targaryen eye color can be revealing when a member of the family is trying to be incognito . Aegon V Targaryen , while serving as a squire to Duncan the Tall under the name " Egg " , shaved his head so that his silver - gold hair would not be recognized . But his deep purple eyes could not be disguised , though in dim light they looked black . Daemon II Blackfyre , incognito as the hedge knight " John the Fiddler " , wore blue clothing to help make his purple eyes look blue . Prince Rhaegar Targaryen ' s eyes were dark indigo , his brother Viserys ' s eyes were pale lilac , and their sister Daenerys ' s eyes are violet . Note that not all Targaryens have purple eyes : Queen Alysanne Targaryen ' s eyes were clear blue , and Prince Valarr Targaryen ' s eyes were also blue . Children of Targaryen / non - Targaryen marriages may also have eyes of a non - Valyrian color ; for example , the brown - eyed Prince Baelor , whose mother was a Martell But despite their mixed parentage , many Targaryen bastards may still have purple eyes , including Aegor Rivers ( though his hair was black ) and some dragonseeds House Blackfyre was founded by Daemon Blackfyre , the legitimized bastard son of King Aegon IV Targaryen . Among the traits passed on to the Blackfyres by the Targaryens were the platinum blond hair and purple eyes . House Velaryon of Driftmark is an ancient and proud house , with the blood of old Valyria in its veins . Velaryons , like the Targaryens , often have the Valyrian features of silver hair and purple eyes . House Dayne The trait for violet eyes runs in , even though it is an unusual eye colour for non - Valyrians in Ashara Dayne in particular was famous for her haunting violet eyes . Note that GRRM has stated that the Dayne purple eye color is not related to Targaryen ancestry . The Free Cities Where the blood of the old Valyrian Freehold runs strong , purple eyes and silver hair can still be found . In Lys , even the smallfolk and prostitutes often have the pale skin , silver - gold hair , and the purple , lilac , and pale blue eyes of the dragonlords Some Lyseni with purple eyes include Larra Rogare and Lysono Maar Animals The Forest of Qohor contains a species of lemur with silver fur and purple eyes . They are sometimes called Little Valyrians Characters stated to have purple eyes King Aegon I Targaryen Queen Visenya Targaryen King Aenys I Targaryen Queen Alyssa Velaryon Princess Alyssa Targaryen ( one violet and one green ) Princess Rhaenys Targaryen ( daughter of Aemon ) Aegon III Targaryen Daena Targaryen Elaena Targaryen Naerys Targaryen Maekar I Targaryen Prince Aerion Targaryen Aegon V Targaryen Jaehaerys II Targaryen Aerys II Targaryen Rhaegar Targaryen Viserys III Targaryen Aegon Targaryen Daenerys Targaryen Rhaego Ser Daemon I Blackfyre Ser Daemon II Blackfyre Laenor Velaryon Lady Larra Rogare Lady Gerold Dayne Lord Edric Dayne Lysono Maar Sweets Quotes Look at her . That silver - gold hair , those purple eyes . . . she is the blood of old Valyria , no doubt , no doubt . . . Illyrio Mopatis , discussing ' s Valyrian beauty with Viserys Targaryen He had only to close his eyes to see her , with her long dark hair tumbling about her shoulders and those haunting purple eyes . โ Ser Barristan Selmy , remembering Egg had big eyes , and somehow his shaven head made them look even larger . In the dimness of the lamplit cellar they looked black , but in better light their true colour could be seen : deep and dark and purple . Valyrian eyes . โ the thoughts of Duncan the Tall See also Images of Purple Eyes References and Notes โ The World of Ice & Fire , Ancient History : The Rise of Valyria . โ 2.0 2.1 The Sworn Sword โ 3.0 3.1 The Mystery Knight 4.0 4.1 A Clash of Kings Chapter 48 , Daenerys IV . 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 A Game of Thrones Chapter 3 , Daenerys I . โ So Spake Martin Good Queen Alysanne and Rhaenyra , June 18 , 2006 7.0 7.1 The Hedge Knight So Spake Martin The Great Bastards , ( December 26 , 2005 ) The Princess and the Queen More Targaryen Descriptions , December 24 , 2005 A Clash of Kings Chapter 10 , Davos I . 12.0 12.1 A Feast for Crows Chapter 12 , Cersei III . 13.0 13.1 A Game of Thrones Chapter 6 , Catelyn II . 14.0 14.1 A Dance with Dragons Chapter 67 , The Kingbreaker . Event Horizon Chat Transcript , March 18 , 1999 The World of Ice & Fire , The Free Cities : The Quarrelsome Daughters : Myr , Lys , and Tyrosh . Chapter 23 , Daenerys III . , The Free Cities : Qohor . Fire & Blood , The Sons of the Dragon . 20.0 20.1 Fire & Blood , The Long Reign - Jaehaerys and Alysanne : Policy , Progeny , and Pain . Chapter 68 , Daenerys IX . A Feast for Crows Chapter 21 , The Queenmaker . A Storm of Swords Chapter 34 , Arya VI . Categories Valyrians House Rogare | [
"Purple eyes",
"George R . R . Martin",
"Ice and Fire"
] |
http://awoiaf.westeros.org/index.php/Valyria | Valyria Valyria Ruined city Valyria illustrated by Ted Nasmith Location Valyrian peninsula Essos Government Dragonlords Valyrian Freehold ( freeborn landholders ) . Religion Mixed religions Founded At least five thousand years ago . Destroyed 114 BC , in the Doom of Valyria Slaver ' s Bay and the location of Valyria 1 : Ruined city 2 : Lands of the Long Summer 3 : Smoking Sea 4 : Oros 5 : Ruined city 6 : Tyria 7 : Ruined city 8 : Ruined city 9 : Summer Sea Topless towers of Valyria , from Game of Thrones , also called Old Valyria , is a ruined city in Essos . It is a long - dead city of wonderment , and was once the capital of a great empire called the Valyrian Freehold . It was destroyed by a cataclysmic event known as the Doom of Valyria a century before Aegon ' s Landing . It is the ancestral home of House Targaryen House Celtigar , and House Velaryon Contents hide 1 Location 2 Architecture 3 Culture 4 History 5 Recent Events 5.1 A Feast for Crows 6 Quotes 7 See also 8 References Valyria was located on a peninsula of the same name extending into the Summer Sea The shattered the peninsula , separating the city of Valyria from the Lands of the Long Summer by the Smoking Sea . The city of Valyria lies at the center of the largest surviving island , surrounded by cliffs where the island has broken away from the mainland . Valyria was connected by dragon roads to surrounding cities , such as Tyria Architecture Valyria is said to have had topless towers and used sphinxes as decorations . Culture A common racial characteristic among Valyrians appears to have been purple eyes and hair of silver - gold or platinum white . Valyria is said to still hold many treasures from before the Doom , such as Valyrian steel blades and items of magical power . It is said that the glass candles of Oldtown were brought there from Valyria a thousand years before the Doom . History Valyria was ruled by its dragonlords , led by two score rival houses that contested for power . House Targaryen , however , was not considered a powerful house . At times the lords freeholder elected archons for temporary leadership . The Valyrians were more than dragonlords . They practised blood magic and other dark arts , delving deep into the earth for secrets and twisting the flesh of beasts and men to fashion monstrous and unnatural chimeras . It is believed that for these sins the gods in their wroth struck Valyria down . The Valyrians ' empire , the , first conquered the Old Empire of Ghis to the east across Slaver ' s Bay , as well as the Ghiscari colonies in the Basilisk Isles and Sothoryos . Seeking slaves for Valyrian mines , they then conquered and established colonies to the west and north after defeating the Andals and the Rhoynar in Essos . Four hundred years ago , however , Valyria and its peninsula were shattered by the Doom The dragonlord Aurion declared himself Emperor of Valyria , but he and his host disappeared while trying to reclaim the city . In 55AC , Princess Aerea Targaryen claimed Balerion as her mount , and disappeared for more than a year , before reappearing in King ' s Landing in 56AC . Benifer and Barth found her to be infested with " horrors " which burned her from the inside out and killed her , erupting from her body as " worms with faces " , " snakes with hands " and other monstrosities . Balerion was also found to bear wounds and scars seemingly received during their absence . These observations led Barth to the conclusion that Balerion , uncontrollable by an inexperienced rider such as Aerea , flew her to his original home of Valyria , where he was born before the Doom and the flight of the Targaryens ; these " horrors Some years ago Gerion Lannister journeyed to Valyria to try to recover Brightroar , the lost Valyrian steel sword of House Lannister , and any other treasures that might have survived the Doom . He did not return and was presumed lost at sea . At some point the tigers , a political party in Volantis , sent a fleet to reclaim Valyria but the ships vanished in the Recent Events A Feast for Crows Euron Greyjoy claims to have visited Valyria and recovered the dragon horn Dragonbinder but Lord Rodrik Harlaw is skeptical of Euron ' s boasting . Quotes Petyr : Is there a man in your service that you trust utterly and completely ? Eddard : Yes . Petyr : In that case , I have a delightful palace in Valyria that I would dearly love to sell you . The wiser answer was no , my lord , but be that as it may . Petyr Baelish Eddard Stark Euron : I am the storm , my lord . The first storm , and the last . I have taken the Silence on longer voyages than this , and ones far more hazardous . Have you forgotten ? I have sailed the and seen Valyria . Rodrik : Have you ? Euron : Reader , you would do well to keep your nose in your books . Euron Greyjoy Rodrik Harlaw Moqorro : The sky is always red above Valyria , Hugor Hill . Tyrion : Are we close ? Moqorro : Closer than the crew would like . Do you know the stories , in your Sunset Kingdoms Tyrion : I know some sailors say that any man who lays eyes upon that coast is doomed . Tyrion Lannister At its apex Valyria was the greatest city in the known world , the center of civilization . Within its shining walls , twoscore rival houses vied for power and glory in court and council , rising and falling in an endless , subtle , oftsavage struggle for dominance . โ writings of Yandel It ' s safe to say that the Targaryens were the only nobles with dragons who escaped the destruction of Valyria George R . R . Martin See also Images of Valyria References โ A Game of Thrones Chapter 3 , Daenerys I . โ A Storm of Swords Map of Slaver ' s Bay A Game of Thrones Appendix The Lands of Ice and Fire Chapter 34 , Catelyn VI . Chapter 20 , Eddard IV . โ 7.0 7.1 The World of Ice & Fire , The Reign of the Dragons : The Conquest . The World of Ice & Fire , Ancient History : The Rise of Valyria . Fire & Blood , Jaehaerys and Alysanne - Their Triumphs and Tragedies . A Dance with Dragons Chapter 5 , Tyrion II . , Ancient History : The Doom of Valyria . Fire & Blood , Jaehaerys and Alysanne - Their Triumphs and Tragedies . A Storm of Swords Chapter 32 , Tyrion IV . A Dance with Dragons Chapter 14 , Tyrion IV . Chapter 19 , The Drowned Man . โ 16.0 16.1 Chapter 29 , The Reaver . Chapter 25 , Eddard V . Chapter 33 , Tyrion VIII . So Spake Martin Asshai . com Interview in Barcelona , July 28 , 2012 . This page uses content from the English Wikipedia . The original content was at Across the narrow sea . The list of authors can be seen in the page history of Across the narrow sea . As with A Wiki of Ice and Fire , the content of Wikipedia is available under the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike License v d e Cities and ruined cities in the Known World Westeros Gulltown King ' s Landing Lannisport Oldtown White Harbor The Free Cities Braavos Lorath Lys Myr Norvos Pentos Qohor Tyrosh Volantis The Rhoyne Ar Noy Chroyane Ghoyan Drohe Ny Sar Sar Mell Central Essos and the Dothraki Sea Lyber Mantarys Morosh Vaes Athjikhari Vaes Diaf Vaes Dothrak Vaes Efe Vaes Graddakh Vaes Jini Vaes Khadokh Vaes Khewo Vaes Leisi Vaes Leqse Vaes Mejhah Vojjor Samui Yalli Qamayi Ibben Ib Sar Ib Nor New Ibbish Vaes Aresak ( Ibbish ) Oros Rhyos Astapor Bhorash Elyria Ghozai Old Ghis Meereen New Ghis Tolos Velos Yunkai Lhazar Hesh Kosrak Lhazosh Red Waste Adakhakileki Port Yhos Qarkash Qarth Vaes Orvik Vaes Qosar Vaes Shirosi Vaes Tolorro Further East Asabhad Bayasabhad Jinqi Kayakayanaya Samyriana Si Qo Nefer Tiqui Trader Town Yin Shadow Lands Asshai Stygai Legendary cities of the Further East Bonetown Carcosa Cities of the Bloodless Men City of the Winged Men K ' Dath Sothoryos Gogossos Gorosh Yeen Zamettar Summer Islands Ebonhead Lotus Point Tall Trees Town Summer and Jade Seas Faros Leng Ma Leng Yi Port Moraq Turrani Vahar Zabhad Categories Ruined cities Places in Essos | [
"Valyria",
"cataclysmic event",
"Essos"
] |
http://awoiaf.westeros.org/index.php/Westeros | Westeros Westeros location on the map of the known world A map of Westeros with the internal borders Westeros is one of the four known continents in the known world , the others being Essos Sothoryos , and Ulthos . Most of the area of Westeros is covered by a political entity known as the Seven Kingdoms , while the far north beyond the Wall includes the free folk . The closest foreign nations to Westeros are the Free Cities , a collection of independent city - states across the narrow sea in western Essos . To the south of Westeros lie the Summer Isles Contents hide 1 Geography 1.1 Beyond the Wall 1.2 The North 1.3 The Iron Islands 1.4 The Riverlands 1.5 The Vale of Arryn 1.6 The Westerlands 1.7 The Crownlands 1.8 The Reach 1.9 The Stormlands 1.10 Dorne 2 Climate 2.1 Known seasons 3 Biology and Anthropology 3.1 Sentient species 3.2 Animals 4 History 5 References Geography See also : Seven Kingdoms Topographic Map by Tear ยฉ The continent of Westeros is long and relatively narrow , extending from Dorne in the south to the lands beyond the Wall . In the far north are the frozen Lands of Always Winter , where a large amount of land remains uncharted due to the extremely cold temperatures . According to semi - canon sources , Westeros is similar in size to South America Although no scale appears on the maps in the books themselves , George R . R . Martin has stated that the Wall is a hundred leagues long , or three hundred miles . Thus the continent stretches for about 3,000 miles from north to south and for some 900 miles at its widest point east to west . Westeros ' s eastern coast borders on the narrow sea ; across those waters lies the eastern continent of and the island chain known as the Stepstones . To the south is located the Summer Sea , and within it the Summer Isles The northern lands of Westeros are less densely populated than the south despite their roughly equivalent size . The five major cities of Westeros are , in order of size : King ' s Landing Oldtown Lannisport Gulltown , and White Harbor Westeros was divided into several independent kingdoms before the start of Aegon ' s Conquest . After this war and the eventual incorporation of Dorne , all the regions south of the Wall were united under the rule of House Targaryen into a nation known as the , which consists of nine provinces . Beyond the Wall Main article : The northernmost region of Westeros , the lands beyond the Wall stretch north to the lands past the edge of the known map , known as the Land of Always Winter . For the most part it is covered by the haunted forest and comprised of many lakes and rivers , and it shelters strange beasts among the mountains of the Frostfangs . The far north presents an extremely harsh climate , allowing only small numbers of free folk in small villages , in those primarily wild and uncharted lands . George R . R . Martin has stated that the lands beyond the Wall make up a large part of Westeros , being roughly as large as Canada The North Main article : North The north is the largest region , nearly as large as the rest of the regions combined . It is sparsely populated , with vast wilderness , forests , pine - covered hills and snowcapped mountains , although it also is home to one of the five Westerosi cities , White Harbor . The northern climate is cold and harsh in the winter , and occasionally it snows even in the summer . Its northern border is the Gift , the lands of the Night ' s Watch . Its southern frontier lies along the Neck , a marshy isthmus separating it from the southron kingdoms . The narrowness of the region and the difficulty of the terrain make it a natural border for the north , protecting it from invasion . It has been ruled by House Stark from Winterfell , first as Kings in the North and later as Wardens of the North , for thousands of years . It is colder and much less populated than the south part of Westeros . Most of its residents still follow the old gods , but some , mainly around the area of White Harbor , have taken the Faith of the Seven . Bastards in the north are given the surname Snow . The Iron Islands Iron Islands The Iron Islands are a group of islands lying off the western coast of Westeros in Ironman ' s Bay , the largest being Blacktyde Great Wyk Harlaw , the Lonely Light Old Wyk Orkmont Pyke Saltcliffe . The soil is infertile , but there are mines of several types , including iron and lead . The inhabitants of the harsh archipelago are known as ironmen in the rest of Westeros , and the ironborn among themselves . The Iron Islands are ruled by House Greyjoy of Pyke , chosen to rule the ironmen after House Hoare of Harrenhal was extinguished during the Conquest . Prior to the arrival of Aegon the Conqueror , the ironmen ruled over the riverlands and , thousands of years ago , over much of the western coast of Westeros . The ironmen are men of the sea , and their naval supremacy was once unmatched . The Faith of the Seven of the Andals find small favor with the ironborn , as their allegiance is given to their native Drowned God . Bastards in the Iron Islands are given the surname Pyke . The Riverlands Riverlands The riverlands , located south of the Neck , are the fertile areas between the Red Green Blue Forks of the Trident , as well as the Gods Eye and much of the Blackwater Rush . They are the domain of the Tullys Riverrun . At the time of the Conquest , the riverlands were ruled by House Hoare , the Kings of the Isles and the Rivers . The Tullys were never river kings , but were rebel river lords who left Harren the Black in favor of Aegon the Conqueror . Although the riverlands lack a city , they have many large towns , such as Maidenpool and Fairmarket . People of this region are often called " rivermen " . Bastards in the riverlands are given the surname Rivers . The Vale of Arryn Vale of Arryn The Vale lies to the east of the riverlands , surrounded almost completely by the Mountains of the Moon . It consists of vast mountain ranges with the people living in valleys between them , such as the Vale proper , and along the coast . The Vale ' s territory also includes the city of Gulltown Fingers , and numerous islands in the Bite and along the narrow sea The Vale is under the rule of House Arryn , one of the oldest lines of Andal nobility who once were Kings of Mountain and Vale . Their seat , the Eyrie , is a castle high in the mountains , small but unassailable . Due to the Vale ' s harsh winters , travel is only possible through the mountains during certain seasons . Rebellious mountain clans make travel even more dangerous . The people of the Vale are known as Valemen and those of the Three Sisters as Sistermen . Bastards born in the Vale are given the surname Stone . The Westerlands Westerlands The westerlands are the lands to the west of the riverlands and north of the Reach . It is a smaller region , but is home to some of the richest gold and silver mines on the continent . The westerlands are ruled by House Lannister Casterly Rock , formerly the Kings of the Rock . People of this region are often called " westermen " . Lannisport , lying near Casterly Rock , is the chief settlement of the region and one of the great ports and cities of Westeros . Bastards in the westerlands are given the surname Hill . The Crownlands Crownlands The crownlands are lands ruled directly by the Lord of the Seven Kingdoms . These lands include King ' s Landing and the surrounding areas , including Duskendale and Rosby . Going north , one finds Crackclaw Point and several islands in the narrow sea and Blackwater Bay , including Dragonstone Driftmark Claw Isle . The crownlands are south of the Vale , southeast of the riverlands , and northeast of the Reach , and north of the stormlands . Bastards in the crownlands are given the surname Waters . The Reach Reach The Reach is the largest region except for the north ; it encompasses a region of the most fertile part of Westeros and numerous well - populated villages and towns . The Reach is ruled by House Tyrell from Highgarden . The Tyrells were stewards to House Gardener Kings of the Reach before Aegon ' s Conquest . After Mern IX Gardener was killed on the Field of Fire , the Tyrells surrendered Highgarden to Aegon and were rewarded with both the castle and the position of Lord Paramount of the Mander . Bannermen of the Tyrells frequently fight with the Dornishmen of the south . The most prominent city in the Reach is Oldtown . It is the oldest city in Westeros , home to the maesters Citadel , and the Starry Sept , the previous seat of the Faith . Bastards in the Reach are given the surname Flowers . The Stormlands Stormlands The stormlands , located south of , stretch down to the Sea of Dorne and are bordered by Shipbreaker Bay in the east and the Reach in the west . It is one of the smaller regions of Westeros , a land of harsh mountains , stony shores , and verdant forests . Before Aegon ' s Conquest they were ruled by the Storm Kings , and afterwards by the Baratheons ; their founder , Orys Baratheon , was rumored to be a bastard relative of the Targaryens . The Dornish Marches are mostly located within the stormlands , having been ruled by the Storm Kings since time immemorial , and are ruled by marcher lords . The marches were common battlegrounds between the stormlands , the Reach , and Dorne until the last century , when Dorne joined the Seven Kingdoms . Bastards in the stormlands are given the surname Storm . Dorne is the southernmost region of Westeros . It stretches from the southern Red Mountains near the Dornish Marches to the southern coast of the continent . It is the hottest kingdom in Westeros and features the only desert on the continent . Dornishmen have a reputation for hot - bloodedness as well . They differ both culturally and ethnically from other Westerosi due to the historical migration of the Rhoynar on ten thousand ships . Their food , appearance , and architecture resemble those of Mediterranean cultures such as Greece and Turkey more than the Western European feel of the other kingdoms . They have adopted many Rhoynish customs as well , including equal primogeniture . Dorne was the only kingdom in Westeros to successfully resist Aegon ' s Conquest . It joined the Seven Kingdoms through marriage over a century after the First Dornish War . This accomplishment has allowed Dorne to retain a small measure of independence . The ruling Martells still style themselves " prince " and " princess " in the Rhoynish fashion rather than " lord " . Bastards in Dorne are given the surname Sand . Climate Ironborn raiders in wintertime . Art by artist Tomasz Jedruszek ยฉ Fantasy Flight Games Westeros ' s climate shifts from arid and dry desert climate in the furthest south to cold and harsh winters in the north and icy wasteland in the Lands of Always Winter in the farthest north . Westeros and both experience extremely long seasons of varying length , usually lasting at least a couple of years each . The maesters try to predict the length of the seasons , monitoring the temperature and days length , to advise on when to plant and when to harvest and how much food to store . However , given the random nature of the seasons , this is not something that can be relied on . At the beginning of A Game of Thrones Westeros has enjoyed an unusually long decade - long summer of peace and plenty and many fear that an equally long and harsh winter will follow . The end of the long summer comes at the outset of A Feast for Crows , with the arrival of the white ravens from the Citadel . The official announcement of winter comes at the end of A Dance with Dragons Days are longest in summer , shorter in other seasons , and shorter in the far north . Food can be grown in a glass garden in winter . has stated that the explanation for the world ' s unusual seasons is not scientific in nature and would be revealed by the end of the series . Known seasons Season Period Notes Autumn 3 AC > 4 AC > Unknown The First Dornish War began in 4 AC , during the second year of autumn . Winter was believed to be " close at hand " . Spring Unknown > 47 AC > Unknown King Maegor I Targaryen married his three " Black Brides " on a " warm spring day " in 47 AC Summer Unknown > 52 AC > 54 AC Although the people of the Seven Kingdoms greatly disliked the taxes of Rego Draz , put into place in 52 AC , " a long summer " helped " blunt the edge of discontent " . Summer " gave way to autumn " in 54 AC Autumn 56 AC Autumn began in lasted through 55 AC and ended with the start of winter in 56 AC Winter 57 AC Winter came to in Elissa Farman brought the Sun Chaser to Oldtown in the last days of autumn during 56 AC , and departed again by the fourth moon of that same year . Spring 57 AC - Unknown Prince Baelon Targaryen was born in . Two days after his birth , the Citadel announced the arrival of spring , and Baelon was subsequently dubbed the " Spring Prince " . Summer Unknown - 58 AC When Alysanne Targaryen visited the north in 58 AC , it was winter . 59 AC Autumn had begun before the tourney at King ' s Landing on the anniversary of the king ' s coronation . Autumn ended some time in 59 AC Winter 60 AC The winter of 59 to 60 AC was especially hard and cruel . Autumn was apparently very short , as it had been summer the year before in 58 AC . For that matter , spring and summer had been relatively short , as the last winter ended at most only two years before . As a result , not enough food stockpiles had been set aside from the harvests , and famine conditions set in across much of Westeros - followed by the devastating plague known as the Shivers 80 AC Princess Gael Targaryen is born during winter , and named the Winter Child . 99 AC Princess Gael Targaryen dies , supposedly of summer fever . 120 AC 120 AC is known as the Year of the Red Spring , due to the sudden deaths of several nobles of note . Unknown - 129 AC 130 AC When Jacaerys Lucerys Velaryon traveled as envoys for their mother in 129 AC , it was already autumn . By the time Jacaerys arrived at Winterfell , autumn was " well advanced " . Autumn ended with the announcement of winter on Maiden ' s Day in 130 AC 135 AC Winter began during the middle of the Dance of the Dragons , and was announced by the Citadel on Maiden ' s Day . The winter was cruel and long , lasting six years . 209 AC 210 AC During this season , the Great Spring Sickness spread across the realm . 210 AC 211 AC Summer followed the Great Spring Sickness , and contained a two year drought . 224 AC 225 AC 230 AC 231 AC During the reign of King Maekar I Targaryen 221 AC 233 AC ) , a seven - year summer takes place . It is followed by a short autumn and a terrible long winter . The winter started in 231 AC . The exact start of the summer is unknown . 230 AC The exact date of the start of this autumn is unknown . Winter began in 236 AC A terribly cruel winter , much like the winter during 135 AC 236 AC - Unknown is known as the Red Spring 253 AC The winter tourney at King ' s Landing takes place . 272 AC 274 AC Tyrion Lannister is born in the middle of a three year winter . By 298 AC , Tyrion had lived through eight or nine winters , including this one , though the exact time and duration of the following seven or eight is unknown . 280 AC 282 AC > Unknown The Year of the False Spring , 281 AC , in which the people in Westeros believed that spring had come , despite the fact that the Citadel had n ' t send out the white ravens yet . The False Spring lasted for less than two months , and towards the end of 281 AC , winter returned in full . On the last day of 281 AC , it began to snow in King ' s Landing , continuing for the best part of a fortnight , causing the Blackwater to freeze . 284 AC By the time of Princess Daenerys Targaryen ' s birth in 284 AC , summer had begun . 288 AC 299 AC The longest summer in living history , which lasted 10 years , 2 months and 16 days . 299 AC 300 AC 300 AC - Present By the time the white raven from the Citadel arrives , it is snowing in King ' s Landing . Biology and Anthropology Sentient species Humans - appear to be mostly equivalent to humans on Earth , although some noticeable differences exist . There is a propensity for families in noble houses to share a common trait ; for example , the Lannisters appear to have all been blondes for hundreds of years . Some physical features are unusual in our world : Targaryens often have platinum hair and violet eyes , while descendants of the Ghiscari often have both red and black hair . Also , humans in Westeros are often larger than would be expected in a medieval civilization : many men are over six feet tall , with abnormally large men standing seven feet or taller . The three major ethnic groups from which modern Westerosi descend are Andals First Men Rhoynar Giants - huge , shaggy humanoids of slightly below human intelligence , vaguely resembling bipedal apes . Giants are a dwindling species found only in the lands to the extreme north , . They ride mammoths into battle , wielding crude clubs that are little more than logs . They speak the Old Tongue of the First Men . Children of the forest - the original inhabitants of Westeros are frequently mentioned , but have not been seen in thousands of years . They are thought to be diminutive humanoid creatures ; dark and beautiful , with mysterious powers over dreams and nature . They are said to have used obsidian weapons and weirwood bows in battle . Little of their legacy exists at present beyond their worship of nameless nature gods still practiced by some in the north , and the remaining weirwoods . Others - a mysterious and apparently malevolent race of creatures found beyond the Wall . They have only been seen at night , and seem to bring unnatural cold with them . They appear as tall , gaunt humanoids with eyes of blue so deep it burns like fire . They wear armor that shifts in color with every step , and wield thin crystal swords that are so cold they can shatter iron . Others move silently , but their voices sound like cracking ice . Creatures they kill reanimate as wights , undead with glowing blue eyes . The Others exhibit a weakness to weapons made of dragonglass , which pierce their armor easily . In death , they seem to melt into a pool of extremely cold liquid . Animals Bestiary Some species of animals inhabiting the planet are very similar to Pleistocene megafauna of Earth or even historical animals . Aurochs - large relatives of the bull . They are frequently used as a symbol of size , strength , and stupidity . An aurochs was used as a mount by the mythical Clarence Crabb as a display of his prowess . Direwolves - relatives of the wolf , but more like their extinct real - world equivalent they are much larger and stronger than regular wolves , reaching the size of a pony when fully grown . They are almost never seen south of the Wall . Lizard - lions - massive , swamp - dwelling reptiles found in the Neck , these creatures are most likely large crocodilians . Mammoths - inhabitants of the far north and apparently the only pachyderm in Westeros . They are used as mounts by Giants . Other animals appear to be altered versions of contemporary animals or have no real - world equivalent . Krakens - huge squids said to be able to pull down whaling ships . They are largely considered a myth . Manticores - small creatures that look like scarabs when folded up . Their faces are malign and vaguely human . They have a poisonous sting that is fatal to humans . Manticores are probably from across the narrow sea Ravens - physically similar to common ravens of Earth , ravens in Westeros are used to carry messages between castles . The maester of each castle usually tends to its stock of ravens . Maesters raise a breed of large , white ravens at the that are said to be more intelligent . Ravens sometimes imitate human speech like parrots . Shadowcats - large predatory cats with black fur and white stripes who seem to be native to mountainous regions . Their pelts are prized . Zorses - black and white - striped horses , most likely similar to zebras , brought over and used as mounts by some foreigners in Westeros . Dragons - ferocious , magical creatures , dragons are not native to Westeros , but were brought to the continent by the Targaryens . They died out over one hundred years ago , and are thought to be extinct by the people of Westeros . Unicorns - large goatlike animals , with a long single horn on its head . History Timeline of major events References This page uses content from the English Wikipedia . The original content was at . The list of authors can be seen in the page history of Westeros . As with A Wiki of Ice and Fire , the content of Wikipedia is available under the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike License โ The World of Ice & Fire , Ancient History : The Long Night . โ So Spake Martin , February 07 , 1999 So Spake Martin To Be Continued ( Chicago , IL ; May 6 - 8 ) , May 06 , 2005 Size of Westeros , April 17 , 2008 Game of Thrones : Season 3 - Inside The Wildlings ( HBO ) The World of Ice & Fire , Ancient History : The Arrival of the Andals . , The Stormlands . โ 8.0 8.1 A Game of Thrones Chapter 21 , Tyrion III . A Storm of Swords Chapter 73 , Jon X . A Dance with Dragons Chapter 4 , Bran I . Chapter 35 , Jon VII . US Signing Tour ( Ann Arbor , MI ) , November 11 , 2005 Fire & Blood , Reign of the Dragon - The Wars of King Aegon I . Fire & Blood , The Sons of the Dragon . โ 15.0 15.1 15.2 , Birth , Death , and Betrayal Under King Jaehaerys I . 16.0 16.1 16.2 16.3 16.4 16.5 16.6 , Jaehaerys and Alysanne - Their Triumphs and Tragedies . , The Long Reign - Jaehaerys and Alysanne : Policy , Progeny , and Pain . The Rogue Prince 19.0 19.1 , The Dying of the Dragons - A Son for a Son . The Princess and the Queen A Storm of Swords Chapter 67 , Jaime VIII . In 281 AC , the winter had lasted close to 2 years . It would continue into 282 AC Chapter 3 , Daenerys I . A Clash of Kings Prologue Epilogue Chapter 18 , Samwell I . v d e Regions of the Known World Crownlands Iron Islands North Reach Riverlands Stormlands Vale of Arryn Westerlands Andalos Bones Dothraki sea Free Cities Ghiscar Grey Waste Ifequevron Jhogwin Jogos Nhai Lhazar Morn Mossovy Omber Red waste Sarnor Shadow Lands Shrykes Slaver ' s Bay Valyria Yi Ti Sothoryos Basilisk Point Basilisk Isles Green Hell Naath Wyvern Point Other Great Moraq Jade Sea Ibben Stepstones Ulthos Categories Continents | [
"Westeros",
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http://awoodrailing.com/products/curved-railing/ | Curved Railing Pictures and Building Instructions Curved Deck Railings Hawaii rails There are many straight handrails and guardrails offered by numerous companies but what if your home has a curved deck or curved balcony ? Well , we have a solution to this problem : beautifully designed curved handrails . When building a curved deck or a curved balcony following any kind of arc , the difficulty of the construction is increased dramatically . Curved handrails can be equally challenging to build , and there is no better masterwork than a curved deck railing from Mountain Laurel Handrails . This particular deck has two different curves which were faithfully replicated in our workshop . And on this page , you โ re going to get a peek at how we create a curved railing system that is shipped ready to install ! Awesome Railing Curved Balcony Railing Curved handrails do n โ t only have a place outside on your deck or balcony . For the interior of the home , a curved balcony railing makes a strong visual statement . It โ s unique and not often seen in homes these days . The curved shape itself is unique , but to add the beautiful and creative wood design of Mountain Laurel Handrails takes your design to an entirely new level . These small aspects of interior design are often overlooked in the cookie - cutter approach to home design and home building , but this Curved Balcony Handrail The curved balcony handrail , in this case , has opened up space . Even a small feature can add a great amount to the look and feel of the space , as well as giving it a subtle but dramatic update . This great room benefited from curved handrail made with cintricate twig work on the balcony , and the loft becomes a special place to look through the glass doors that open onto the deck and the lake beyond . This curved balcony really created another new way for the owners of this home to enjoy the space Handrail for Balcony Balcony Wood Railing The Wood Railing crew took a ride down to Atlanta recently to install a small project with some curved railings on a balcony . This is a beautifully rebuilt home on the lake with quite a bit of history . The current owner โ s father built a house on the property in the 1950s which had been outgrown and was in need of improvement . The contractor building the new home was just beginning his career as a carpenter and helped build the old house . Curved Balcony Handrail Here โ s what the homeowner had to say : People are oohing and ahhing over your handiwork . Thanks so much for sharing your skills with our family . My family is lucky enough to own this new lakehouse . All of the sub - contractors and craftsmen have incorporated their artistic skills and creativeness into what has turned out to be a most unique dwelling place . We adore our new house . The building process with our fantastic , โ attention to every little detail โ contractor , Dewane Pugh , has been a delightful experience . โ Missie These curved railings match the graceful arc of the balcony in this home . There โ s plenty of woodwork with timber rafters and tongue and groove paneling . The home also incorporates wood from the old home , with one room done completely in wormy chestnut paneling from the previous house . There โ s also an incredible , real masonry fireplace which are increasingly rare due to the demand for those select few masons with the required education , knowledge and skills . The view from below captures the arc of the balcony nicely . This simple radius helps to break up the straight lines of the timber and paneling , as do the Mountain Laurel Handrails . Additionally , the branches add visual excitement with their organic shapes . Curved Balcony Railing Handrail for Balcony How to Build Curved Railings In this section , we will take an in - depth look at the steps in how to make a curved handrail . Make a Curved Railing Building Plan We make curved railing systems that are easy to install . Like any good building project , it starts with a set of plans . The plans are made in a CAD program and are used for setting up both the bending jig and the building jig . Curved Wood Railing Plans Soak the Lumber The cedar 1 ร 4 lumber has to soak in a pool for a minimum of 48 full hours , preferably over the weekend . This is a temporary soaking pool made with a 2 ร 4 framework and a piece of black plastic . Heating attempts proved futile . Soaking Pool for Lumber Steam the Lumber People have asked how to curve wood , and the answer is simple : First , steam the boards and then bend them on a jig . This is how we built a steam chamber to curve wood . A steamer was constructed from a piece of 4 โณ PVC with a wallpaper steamer attached to a hole cut into the pipe . The hole is sealed with spray foam . For a gentle curve , it takes one tank , and strong curves take two . Steamer for Curved Lumber The temperature in the steam chamber . The lumber gets pretty hot also . As the lumber cools , I โ ve observed the lumber temperature drop below ambient temperature . I guess this is some kind of runaway reaction as the moisture evaporates into the atmosphere . Scientists , please leave comments explaining this phenomenon . Temperature in Steamer Build a Curved Wood Railing Bending Jig This is the first jig for the bending . It did n โ t work . The two jigs are too close together , and the spring clamps are garbage . Only bar clamps work . Jig Bend Railing System First Jigs for Curve Railing Final Jigs for Curved Railings This is the current system minus the spring clamps . They โ re useless . Even for one arc , two jigs are set up for production . Bend the Lumber This is a board that has been bent for a curved wood handrail system . Curved Board for Railing System Broken Board from Bending This is a board that has been broken . Breaking the boards by bending is not really predictable , not even by the knot locations , although they do break on the knots . We have not yet used any lumber except for the red cedar 1 ร 4 s4s1e pictured here . Perhaps clear cedar would bend nicer ? ? ? Building the Curved Handrail This is the building jig for the curved wood handrail . Lumber sits on the bending jig for 24 hours then goes to storage where it is still under pressure , usually from stacked concrete blocks and pieces of lumber . The building jigs go on the table , and the sticks help the railings hold their shape . Curved Porch Railing Construction Started Construction on this section of curved wood railing has begun . From here , it โ s just putting on sticks according to the 4 โณ sphere rule . Curved Railing Construction Started Admire Your Curved Railing System : ) This is an overhead picture of a section for a curved deck railing system that will be shipped directly to the job site . These sections are easy to install by cutting the ends of the lumber to fit the posts . With these instructions , it should be easy to know how to make a curved deck railing . Section of Curved Deck Railings This is a long angle view of a single section of curved deck handrail . Each section is custom built to actual measurements and carefully packaged for shipment . Curved Railing System In this picture , curved wood railing sections are collected prior to careful packaging for shipment nationwide . Curved Railing Sections The lumber to complete the outside of the top and bottom of the sections is provided . The picture below shows two different arcs that have been bent for a curved deck . The top 2x that caps the railing is not provided and must be installed on site . Lumber for Curved Railing System The finished results of installing Mountain Laurel Handrail โ s curved railing systems are clear as these pictures speak to their beauty . Contact today to start your project . Curved Balcony Railing Request a Product Guide and Pricing Info SEND | [
"Curved Railing",
"Building Instructions"
] |
http://axtricks.blogspot.com/2015/02/ax-2012-default-print-management.html | Dynamics AX Thursday 5 February 2015 AX 2012 default Print management settings using X job to Email First get the RECID of the Report for which you want to update the print management settings Just go to table PrintMgmtReportFormat and select the report for which you want to import settings Next get the RecID and replace it in the job below In my case the RecId is 5637144843 But you need to replace that with your respective RecID Next prepare your CSV file it should look like the following Finally use the following job to get the desired settings Please update the subject as desired You can also import the email subject from the file but that would require a developer to make the required changes in the job static void SOInvoice_SettingsArgs _args File CommaTextIo commaTextIo FileIOPermission permission container containFromRead Query query int x int cols int rowNum str CustomerEmail int DoneUnDone CustTable custTAble SRSPrintDestinationSettings destination PrintMgmtSettings settings1 PrintMgmtDocInstance instance SysDictEnum dictEnum int enumValue permission new FileIOPermissionCUsersBilalDesktopCustEmailcsvio_read permissionassert commaTextIo new CommaTextIOCUsersBilalDesktopCustEmailcsvR Enter your file path here rowNum 0 Done 0 UnDone 0 containFromRead commaTextIoread dictEnum new SysDictEnumenumNumLogisticsElectronicAddressMethodType WhilecontainFromRead ifrowNum0 Customer any2strconpeekcontainFromRead1 Email any2strconpeekcontainFromRead2 custTable CustTablefindCustomer ifcustTable destination new SRSPrintDestinationSettings destinationemailToEmail destinationprintMediumTypeSRSPrintMediumTypeEmail destinationnumberOfCopies1 destinationemailSubjectSales Invoice enter email subject here destinationemailAttachmentFileFormatSRSReportFileFormatPDF ttsBegin instance PrintMgmtDocInstancefindCustTableRecId CustTableTableId PrintMgmtNodeTypeCustTable PrintMgmtDocumentTypeSalesOrderInvoice 1 ifinstance instanceselectForUpdatetrue instanceDocumentType PrintMgmtDocumentTypeSalesOrderInvoice instanceNodeType PrintMgmtNodeTypeCustTable instancePrintType PrintMgmtDocInstanceTypeOriginal instancePriorityId 1 instanceReferencedTableId CustTableTableId instanceSuppress NoYesYes instanceReferencedRecId custTableRecId ifinstance instanceupdate else instanceinsert select firstOnly settings1 order by PriorityId desc where settings1ParentId instanceRecId query new QueryqueryStrCustInvoiceJour QuerydataSourceTabletableNumCustInvoiceJouraddRangefieldNumCustInvoiceJour InvoiceAccountvalueCustTableAccountNum Querypack settings1ParentId instanceRecId settings1ReportFormat 5637144843 enter the recid of the email format here settings1PrintJobSettings destinationpack settings1PriorityId settings1PriorityId 1 settings1NumberOfCopies 1 settings1Description strFmt1 2 CustTableAccountNum CustTablename settings1QueryPacked Querypack settings1insert ttsCommit Done else infoCustomer not found Customer UnDone containFromRead commaTextIoread rowNum commaTextIo null infostrFmtInserted 1 Not inserted 2 Done UnDone Posted by A Khan at 0857 Email This BlogThis Share to Twitter 2 comments Shawn dell 21 April 2016 at 0359 Thank you for such a fantastic blog and I have been on the lookout for such information print management services Hector G 14 September 2017 at 0745 Can you show how to export the Print management settings email Older Post Subscribe to Post Comments Atom Blog Archive 2015 9 October 1 August 1 July 1 June 1 May 1 April 1 March 1 February 1 AX 2012 default Print management settings using X January 1 2014 17 2013 8 About Me A Khan View my complete profile | [
"Dynamics AX"
] |
http://ayrshirescotland.com/shops/heathfield.html | Heathfield Retail Park / Ayr Ayr Shops List Heathfield Retail Park to the north of Ayr opened in 1994 . As the park was built in the southerly reaches of a former RAF station , it was originally marked by a replica Spitfire aircraft at the entrance . The Spitfire took off during a storm never to be seen again , only the propeller remains . This is an out of town shopping complex , with diners such as Costa , Greggs , Subway , KFC & Pizza Hut . Frankie & Bennys is just a few hundred yards further up the road . More stores at the Heatfield Industrial Estate are situated a few hundred yards west . Audi , Jaguar , Land Rover , Mercedes , Hyundai , Peugeot , Renault , Skoda , Subaru , Volvo and Volkswagon main dealers are also situated in this area . Google Map . Click on the Post Codes for Maps and Reviews . Marks & Spencer Foodhall The Marks & Spencer Foodhall offers a great selection of quality food and wine . Heathfield Retail Park Unit 17 Ayr KA8 9BF T : 01292 512 115 Website B&M Opened 18th November 2017 for Home & Furniture , Food , Accessories , Toys & Games . B&M Unit 18 Liberator Drive Ayr KA8 9BF T : bmstores . co . uk Tapi Carpets & Floors Ayr Our stores are comfortable and laid out to provide inspiration , showing what possibilities are available . Heathfield Retail Park Unit 19 Liberator Drive T : 01292 438 460 www . tapi . co . uk Homebase Homebase closed in June 2018 . Iceland frozen food and Home Bargains are suppossed to be sharing this property soon . T : 03456 407 544 homebase . co . uk Harveys Harveys stock a wide range of sofas , chairs , dining furniture , bedroom furniture and storage units . Unit 2A T : 01292 619 090 Website CarpetRight For a fantastic new look and a terrific choice of carpets , vinyl , laminate floorings and rugs , choose us to get it right . CarpetRight Heathfield Retail Park KA8 9DT T : 01292 857 989 carpetright . co . uk Poundland Reliable savings on top brands and quality products such as big name groceries , toiletries , cosmetics , pet care , DIY , toys , stationery & electricals . Unit 2B T : 01292 262 732 Bensons for Beds & Ponden Home We offer a huge range of styles and famous name UK branded beds from Silentnight , Sealy , Relyon , Rest Assured and Dorlux . At Ponden Home you are sure to find an unrivalled range of great value , modern soft furnishings and accessories for your home . Liberator Drive AYR KA8 9DJ T : 01292 618 293 Websites : bensonsforbeds pondenhome Oak Furniture Land Ayr Showroom Showcasing a wide choice of dining , bedroom and living room furniture in traditional , modern and contemporary oak furniture designs that will suit any home . Oak Furniture Land Ayr Heathfield Retail Park T : 01292 244 010 Halfords Halfords at Heathfield stock Car Audio , Satellite Navigation , FM Transmitters , Bikes , Cycle Accessories , Cycle Parts , Child Car Seats , Travel Systems , Travel Cots and more . T : 01292 619 502 halfords . com Wren Kitchens The largest and most diverse kitchen range in the UK , thousands of styles , unit sizes , and special features . Find the kitchen of your dreams - for all budgets . Unit 7 T : 01292 340 020 Currys / PC World Currys / PC World at Heathfield stock TVs , computing , sound systems , cameras , cam corders , cookers , fridges , washing machines and much more . 28 - 30 Liberator Dr T : 0844 561 0000 currys . co . uk DFS We ' ve been making high quality , comfy and stylish sofas for over 44 years , many right here in the UK . Unit 10 Liberator Dr T : 0333 999 9740 www . dfs . co . uk Dreams Beds Find the right bed , style , storage or convenience , we ' ve got a huge range of beds to suit everyone . Liberator Dr T : 01292 439 058 Asda Asda Ayr is open 24 hours 7 days a week . This store also offers an online sales and delivery service that is free for purchases over ยฃ 99 . Any online purchases between ยฃ 25 and ยฃ 99 have a delivery charge of about ยฃ 4 and ยฃ 6 . T : 01292 617 800 www . asda . co . uk B&Q B&Q Ayr is situated 200 yards south of Heathfield Retail Park on Sanquhar Farm Road . As well as an extensive stock of DIY products , B&Q Ayr stock a large range of Kitchens and Bathrooms . There is also a large garden centre within the store . Sanquhar Farm Road Heathfield KA8 9TB T : 01292 886 644 www . diy . com Ayr Shops List | [
"Heathfield Retail Park"
] |
http://ayurvedicoils.com/tag/uses-of-camphor-oil | Tag Archives : Uses of Camphor oil Camphor Oil Posted on February 11 , 2019 โ Camphor increases prana , opens up senses and brings clarity to the mind , eases headache and awakens perception . It is a good stimulant and counter - irritant for joint and muscle pain โ , says Light Miller and Bryan Miller in their book Ayurveda and Aromatherapy . Botanically known as Cinnamomum camphora , Camphor is a member of the Lauraceae plant family and is extracted from the wood and bark of this evergreen tree . Prevalently called as Karpura in Ayurveda , this sacred and aromatic herb is used in Ayurvedic healing for more than thousands of years in the treatment of bronchitis , insomnia , asthma , hysteria , whooping cough , epilepsy , dysmennorhea , sinus headaches , nasal and pulmonary congestion , delirium and gout . No sacred or religious ritual in India gets fulfilled without Camphor and is also known in Ayurveda with other names like Chandra , Himavaluka , Ghanasara and Chandra Prabha . Purchase Camphor Essential Oil โ Retail โ 4 oz โ CLICK HERE Purchase Camphor Essential Oil โ Wholesale โ CLICK HERE Historical uses and importance of Camphor and its essential oil : Popularly called as โ the tree that does not sleep โ , Camphor has been an important natural remedy especially in the Traditional Chinese Medicine and Ayurveda for more than 4,000 years in the treatment of various illnesses including nervous afflictions and other psychosomatic problems . Indigenous to Formosa , Japan and China , this tree can grow up to a maximum height of 100 feet and the traditional Chinese used Camphor for its remedial uses and its wood was used in building temples and ships mainly due to its exuberant aroma and robustness . During the Tang dynasty ( C.E. 618 - 907 ) , Camphor was used in flavoring confectionery items like ice cream in China . Camphor is an important part of Indian prayers , especially the religious ceremonies of the Hindu community since the traditional times . Burning camphor in the Pooja plate for deities is a part of every prayer in temples as well as homes and this sacred flame is calmly touched and its warmth feeling is passed on to the eyes . It is a part of the biggest spiritual celebration of the Hindus known as Mahashivratri dedicated to Lord Shiva The ancient Egyptians , Babylonians , Greeks and Romans used Camphor as a fragrant wood , incense resin , flavoring agent and as fumigants for embalming . It was given as prestigious gifts by the Chinese emperors for other kingdoms including the Arabian treaties . Camphor was also used as a traditional remedy for plague in Iran and Persia . The strong aroma of Camphor makes it an excellent agent for protecting against snakes and other poisonous reptiles . It was also used as an insect repellant as it is trusted to be toxic to insects . Camphor was also used in tool chests to guard tools against rusting . Chemical constituents or Gas Chromatography Report ( GC ) of Camphor oil The Gas chromatography report witnesses Camphor oil with about 15 chemical constituents that contribute to its unique aroma , therapeutic values and consistency of this oil . Among which , 1 , 8 - Cineole is the key component with about 35.9 % of Camphor oil . Just click on : I believe that this information would certainly help you in having a clear picture about the primary chemical constituents of Camphor oil . The table crafted below explains the unique nature and therapeutic qualities of these biochemical constituents to the curative values of Camphor essential oil . Therapeutic properties of Camphor essential oil : The remedial properties of this oil are stimulant , expectorant , antiseptic , anti - rheumatic , antispasmodic , decongestant , nervine , anti - phlogistic , analgesic , anti - arthritic and bronchodilator . Ayurvedic health benefits of Camphor essential oil : Ayurveda is a holistic healing science known to the world for more than 5,000 years . The most prominent thing about Ayurveda is that its healing practices are recorded systematically in the form of literature . Among the 4 major sacred books of the Indian Mythology , Atharvana Veda records the Ayurvedic therapies and about 114 verses of this sacred book shares the symptoms and diagnostic techniques of numerous health disorders . Ayurveda is a holistic healing system that treats the individual instead of the symptoms and traces the root cause of an illness . By this way , this ancient common sense science focuses on prevention of illnesses leading through healthy aging process to longevity . Based on the Vedic references of Ayurveda , two ancient Ayurvedic texts were written by the legendary Ayurvedic physicians known as Charaka and Sushruta , who wrote Charaka Samhita and Sushruta Samhita . These Ayurvedic encyclopedias state that everything is a part of nature and the human body is a combination of the five elements known as Panchamaha Bhoothas , namely fire , water , earth , air and space . Every person is made up of a unique individual constitution that consists of three dynamic energies known as doshas ( vata - air & space , pitta - fire & water and kapha - water & earth ) , which are a combination of the elemental forces of nature . For a person to be hale and healthy , these doshas should always remain in a specific ration as set by nature and any change in the functioning or the balance between these doshas cause illnesses . Imbalance of these biological energies mainly occurs due to food habits ( mainly depending on the quality of the food taken ) , change in weather conditions and lifestyle changes . Ayurvedic remedies like plant essential oils , herbs , yoga , meditation , prayers , Abhyanga or the art of Ayurvedic massaging , Panchakarma or the detox technique and Ayurvedic routine are recommended based on the Prakriti or the unique individual constitution of a person and for correcting the imbalances of doshas . Camphor essential oil has the potent to reduce kapha and vata doshas and increase pitta dosha . The major Ayurvedic health benefits of Camphor essential oil are : 1 . Relieves severe pain , spasms and inflammation : Camphor essential oil has antispasmodic , analgesic and anti - inflammatory properties that render itself as a promising pain reliever . The stimulating and counter - irritant effects of this oil relieve even severe muscular and joint pains With its anti - rheumatic and anti - arthritic attributes , Camphor essential oil assists in promoting blood circulation , eliminating toxic deposits in the joints and the entire system through urine and sweat and supporting the functions of the circulatory system . Ayurveda states that rheumatic problems mainly occur due to excess of kapha dosha leading to surplus deposits of water , toxins , salt and uric acid in the system , especially in the joints . Camphor essential oil has the power to reduce kapha dosha and help in discharging ama or toxins in the system along with excess water content in the body . This oil works by anesthetizing the sensory nerves of peripheral nervous system , thus reducing inflammation Massaging the affected or painful parts with 2 drops of Camphor oil blended with 2 drops of Eucalyptus oil and 2 drops of Frankincense oil with 4 ml of coconut oil can be a great aid in reducing inflammation , swelling , painful muscles , redness and stiffness associated with rheumatism and arthritis . This massaging can also help in relieving cramps , abdominal spasms and stiff joints . Adding 2 drops of Camphor essential oil to bathing water can bring in a feeling of newness , coolness and tranquility , especially during the summer season and can also help in alleviating pain and inducing peaceful sleep at night by relaxing the muscles , calming the nerves and cooling the senses . 2 . Combats microbes and skin infections : The essential oil of Camphor oil has been a prominent ingredient in numerous ointments and medications for treating skin infections caused by bacteria , fungi and other microbes . This is attributed to the germicide , disinfectant , anti - microbial and insecticide properties of Camphor oil . 2 drops of Camphor oil mixed with 1 ml of coconut oil can be applied on minor burns , itches , wounds , rashes , insect bites , nail fungus , cold sores , eczema , acne , chapped lips , athlete โ s foot and ringworm . Camphor is an excellent cleanser that helps in disinfecting the system when added to the bath tub ( about 2 to 3 drops ) . 2 drops of Camphor oil with 2 drops of Rosemary oil added to your shampoo can help in treating dandruff and lice . This also helps in granting a cooling effect on the scalp and prevent unnecessary hair fall due to dandruff and lice . 3 . Supports digestive functions : Being a carminative , Camphor oil works wonders in relieving gas and flatulence . Gas in the intestines and stomach , when left unnoticed raises above slowly and causes sharp and severe pain in the chest , which may even lead to difficulty in breathing . Using Camphor oil assists in relieving gas and prevents the formation of gas Along with this , the diaphoretic effects of this oil aids in normalizing metabolic functions , enhancing circulation , improving sluggish digestion and controls the appetite . Mix 2 drops of Camphor oil with 2 drops of Juniper oil along with 2 ml of sesame oil and massage it gently on your abdomen for expelling gas and supporting the functions of the digestive system . 4 . Pacifies the nervous system : Camphor oil treats nervous afflictions and pain in the nervous system by causing numbness . This is attributed to its anesthetic effects . It is a proven remedy for treating neuralgia , which is a relentlessly painful condition caused due to the force on the Ninth Cranial nerve created by the swollen blood vessels surrounding it . Gently massaging the system with 2 drops of Camphor oil , 2 drops of Eucalyptus oil , 2 drops of Juniper oil and 2 drops of Wintergreen oil blended with 5 ml of almond oil can help in reducing inflammation and lessen the pressure on the Ninth Cranial nerve , thus treating neuralgia . This can also assist in lessening the negative effects of epileptic attacks , nervous convulsions , chronic anxiety and nervousness . 5 . Alleviates cold and other respiratory problems : Camphor essential oil has a sharp , strong and medicinal aroma that makes its presence vital in numerous decongestant ointments and vaporubs . Vicks vaporub , the most popular decongestant has Camphor as one among its therapeutic formula . Camphor oil has been in use since the traditional times mainly for its effectiveness in treating respiratory ailments . Excess kapha is the major reason behind the built up of mucus and phlegm deposits causing congestion and other respiratory problems . Camphor oil lessens kapha dosha and discharges mucus and phlegm in the respiratory and nasal passages . Massaging your chest , throat and back with 1 drop of Camphor oil mixed with 1 drop of Eucalyptus oil and 1 ml of olive oil along with 2 drops of Camphor oil added to steam inhalation assists in relieving congestion in the respiratory tract , nasal passages , bronchial tract , pharynx and larynx . Adding to 1 to 2 drops of Camphor oil to warm bathing water can also help in loosening the mucus and phlegm and clear the respiratory system . It is being used as an excellent cough suppressant since the primordial period . The powerful decongestant and bronchodilator properties of Camphor oil makes it an excellent remedy for treating asthma , sinusitis , pulmonary congestion , bronchitis , nasal congestion , whooping cough , common cold , chest congestion and cough . Disclaimer : This article is only for informational and educational purposes . It is not intended to replace any prescribed medication or professional medical advice or to cure , treat or prevent any illnesses . We are not medical professionals and this information is shared only with the idea of enlightening the mass with the traditional healing values of Ayurveda , the 5,000 year old medical system . Do not use essential oils internally unless it is prescribed by your medical professional . Dilute essential oils before using it for topical purposes as organic and pure essential oils are very concentrated liquids and may cause allergic reactions if used on the skin directly . Consult your Ayurvedic expert / healthcare professional before picking up the perfect essential oils for your health condition and unique individual constitution . Ensure that you use very less amount of Camphor oil as prescribed by your medical expert , as excess use of Camphor can act as a narcotic poison . The MSDS ( Material Safety Data Sheet ) of Camphor oil is readily available for your enhanced safety and better usage . Gas Chromatography Report ( GC analysis ) of Camphor oil Camphor Oil โ Possible Skin Issues : Greener Life Diamond โ Bio - Healthy Score = > 3 Possible Skin Issues : See = > http : / / www . essentialdepot . com / GreenerLifeDiamond . html Camphor oil has been acclaimed as lethal and highly toxic in various studies , when used in excess of the prescribed quantity . According to the safety report , the acute toxicity of Camphor oil is said to be exhibited by contact with the skin , eyes , inhaling and ingesting , however ingestion of Camphor oil should be avoided strictly mainly due to its chronic effects on the liver ( hepatotoxic โ toxic to the liver ) . The major chemical constituents in Camphor oil , responsible for its skin sensitization , allergic reactions , irritation and autoxidation are camphene , 1 , 8 - cineole ( abnormal respiration and CNS depression , epigastric pain and cold sweats ) , limonene and a - pinene . Oils with limonene and a - pinene are responsible for oxidation and oxidized oils cause sensitization and irritation of the skin . Using Camphor oil topically might also cause skin sensitization , irritation , skin allergies like hives , itching , rashes , swelling of the face and lip dryness . Camphor oil used as direct contact with the skin without any dilution in appropriate carrier oils is considered as a dangerous skin irritant . Never use Camphor oil on cuts , broken or peeled skin . It is highly recommended to avoid Camphor oil during pregnancy and breastfeeding , as it gets quickly absorbed by the placenta and may cause physical and neurological damage to the developing fetus and in nursing mothers there are possibilities of Camphor being absorbed through skin cracks and pass on to infants through milk ( might cause damage to the infants โ liver and central nervous system ) . Do not use Camphor oil on patients with bronchitis , asthma , epilepsy and Parkinson โ s disease , as it can cause convulsions , increase spasms , seizures ( by accounting to chemical disparity in the brain ) and worsen the situation . It is also not recommended for high blood pressure patients as it is frequently used in the treatment of low blood pressure . The safe level of use of Camphor is up to 3 % dilution in case of liniments . As per the Dutch Information Medicamentorum , the safe usage level of Camphor is 20 to 100 mg / g for chest rubs , 0.15 mg / ml for nasal sprays , 20 to 50 mg / g for nose ointments , 1 to 70 mg / g for pruritus lotion and 40 to 250 mg / g in oils for muscular pain . However 11 % is regarded as the maximum level of safe usage in all kinds of dermal applications Camphor , according to the Poisons Information Monograph , an International Programme on Chemical safety states that the major risks of ingestion of Camphor are renal damage , colic , anxiety , convulsions , nausea , delirium , gastric irritation , irritation of the mucous membrane , asystole , apnoea , chronic post - convulsive coma and difficulty in breathing occur after ingesting about 2 grams of Camphor ( acute toxicity level ) and 4 grams are possibly lethal for adults and 1 gram for children and may cause death . This report also denotes that the major target organs for Camphor damage are the upper respiratory tract , liver , kidneys and the central nervous system . Certain studies witness the immediate collapse in infants soon after the application of Camphor to their nostrils . Reference Links Substantiating Possible Skin Issues of Camphor Oil Hazardous Substance Fact Sheet of Camphor by New Jersey Department of Health and Senior Services Leung โ s Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients , used in Food , Drugs and Cosmetics by Ikhlas A . Khan and Ehab A . Abourashed Essential Oil Safety : A Guide for Health Care Professionals By Robert Tisserand , Rodney Young Toxicity Summary of Camphor by Toxnet , National Institutes of Health Camphor topical Side Effects in Detail by Drugs . com Camphor by the Poisons Information Monograph , an International Programme on Chemical safety Thought for the day : Nature is a mutable cloud which is always and never the same . - Ralph Waldo Emerson Suggested Reading : The Tree That Does Not Sleep : : Phytochemistry , Allelopathy and the Capability Attributes of Camphor Laurel ( Cinnamomum camphora ( L . ) Nees & Eberm . ) by John Schenk Camphor ; A Pharmaceutical and Pharmacognostical Study by U . S . Government Ayurveda & Aromatherapy : The Earth Essential Guide to Ancient Wisdom and Modern Healing by Dr . Light Miller , Dr . Bryan Miller Fragrance & Wellbeing : Plant Aromatics and Their Influence on the Psyche by Jennifer Peace Rhind The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Essential Oils : The Complete Guide to the Use of Oils in Aromatherapy & Herbalism by Julia Lawless Reference Links : Camphor by Wikipedia History of Camphor oil by eHow Health benefits of Camphor essential oil by Organic Facts Camphor by Bryan Miller and Light Miller in their book Ayurveda and Aromatherapy Camphor benefits โ A multipurpose plant by Greenchedy Your resource for quality Essential Oils . Every batch is GC tested to ensure purity and authenticity . Posted in Essential Oils - Learn About and Purchase | Tagged Ayurvedic health benefits of Camphor Ayurvedic oils for acne Ayurvedic oils for arthritis Ayurvedic oils for bronchitis Ayurvedic oils for cold Ayurvedic oils for congestion Ayurvedic oils for digestive problems Ayurvedic oils for eczema Ayurvedic oils for inflammation Ayurvedic oils for joint pain Ayurvedic oils for microbial infections Ayurvedic oils for muscular aches Ayurvedic oils for nail fungus Ayurvedic oils for neuralgia Ayurvedic oils for rheumatism Ayurvedic oils for sinusitis Ayurvedic oils for skin problems Ayurvedic oils for sluggish digestion Ayurvedic oils for swelling Ayurvedic oils for the nervous system Ayurvedic oils for whooping cough Ayurvedic remedies for flatulence Camphor in Ayurveda Chemical constituents of Camphor oil Cinnamomum camphora Gas Chromatography report of Camphor oil Greener life Diamond Bio - Healthy Score of Camphor oil Health benefits of Camphor oil MSDS report of Camphor oil Natural remedies for rheumatic pain Possible skin issues of Camphor oil Safety data sheet of Camphor oil Therapeutic properties of Camphor oil Uses of Camphor oil | [
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http://az529.gov/ | The Arizona Family College Savings Plan is a state sponsored 529 plan designed to provide a parent grandparent or future student an opportunity to save for educational expenses in a taxdeferred manner The State of Arizona also provides an annual Arizona state income tax deduction for 529 plan contributions of up to 2000 for individual tax filers and up to 4000 for married couples filing jointly How To Get Started Download the AZ Family College Savings Planner Review the approved AZ 529 providers listed here on right to determine your investment options Open an account you can start for as little as 15 month Contribute regularly Click here to download your free College Savings Planner Plan Benefits Taxfree withdrawals Low minimum investment required Professional money management Funds usable at most accredited colleges Taxdeferred earnings No income restrictions Wide array of investment choices Up to 4000 tax deduction Plan must be funded by Dec 31 2018 to be eligible for deductions on your 2018 taxes The Arizona Family College Savings Plan is not insured by the State of Arizona or any of the program providers Neither the principal deposited nor the investment return is guaranteed by the State of Arizona or the program providers Put money aside not college | [
"AZ 529",
"College Savings Planner"
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http://azactiveresorts.com/ | NEW Homes in the Rim Country PaysonPineStrawberry Arizona Rim Country Manufactured Homes Rim Country Park Models Resort Homes in the Sun City Area Sun City Manufactured Homes Sun City Park Models THIS WEEKS FEATURED Manufactured Home of the Week Park Model Home of the Week Rental of the Week Luxury Home of the Week Custom Deluxe Home of the Week RED HOT SALE OF THE WEEK SUMMER RETREATS Northern AZ Properties Moms and Pops of America An advocacy lobbyist group formed to represent your rights This is your opportunity to join in what is right What The Bleep Do Boomers Want A new article as seen in Mature Life Styles Magazine Fall 2004 Edition Read the full article now New Park Model Laws Effective July 31 2010 Read the full article now Offering an Active Retirement Lifestyle Golf dancing tennis computer classesclubs heated pools saunas beauty parlors restaurants entertainment bus tours hiking and much much more are offered in these popular communities Our full color brochures with photos and features of preowned park models and manufactured homes for rent or sale and web site photo gallery offers a variety of options for those 45 while exploring the freedom of this exciting lifestyle Nearby areas offer super mega shopping malls numerous factory outlets wonderful restaurants of every sort dozens of top rated golf courses Indian Gaming centers medical services and many more attractions including Biosphere II Boyce Thompson Arboretum the Arizona Science Center Kartchner Caverns Saguaro and Canyon Lakes and of course the beautiful Grand Canyon For Sale By OwnerAgent Sun CityPeoria Area Fully Furnished Park Models Manufactured Homes for Rent or Sale Consignments Welcome Full Service Property Management Advertise your business or property on this site Active Resort Properties 4802181112 or 18004783864 Email AZActiveResortsgmailcom | [
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http://azdot.gov/business/engineering-and-construction/traffic | Traffic Note : Many of these references are periodically updated and changed . It is the responsibility of users to make sure to use the most recent revision or edition . Guidelines and Processes The ADOT Traffic Engineering Guidelines and Processes ( TGP ) provide design and operational guidance and information on signing , markings , signals , and other items . Manual of Approved Signs The Manual of Approved Signs ( MOAS ) contains layouts and design details for standard regulatory , warning , guide , and marker signs for use on State highways in Arizona . Signing and Marking Standard Drawings The Signing and Marking Standard Drawings provide technical details and layouts for sign panels , sign posts , striping and pavement markers , delineators , object markers , and other commonly - used items . Signals and Lighting Standard Drawings The Signals and Lighting Standard Drawings provide technical details and layouts for traffic signal and lighting poles , signal faces , cabinets , hardware , and other commonly - used items . Traffic Engineering References Includes the Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices ( MUTCD ) , Arizona Supplement to the MUTCD , ADOT guidelines on temporary and work zone traffic control , school safety guidelines , and other useful references . CADD Standards Information on index sheets , plan sheet notes , CADD files , cell libraries and line styles , and other CADD - related references . Traffic Engineering FAQ Traffic engineering applies engineering principles that help solve transportation problems by considering the psychology and habits of the transportation system users . Traffic Staff Contact the teams in Traffic Group . | [
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http://azmemory.azlibrary.gov/cdm/collectiondirectory | Collection Directory All Anthropology Architecture Arts Communication Crime & Law Education Government History & Culture Maps Military Mining & Agriculture Native Americans Newspapers Oral Histories Organizations People Photographs Places Publications Science Transportation Adjutants General of Arizona The Arizona Adjutants General exhibit is comprised of photographs of Adjutants General in Arizona from territorial days to the present . An Adjutant General is the highest ranking officer of a state ' s militia or National Guard when it is not called into federal service . When called to federal service by order of the President for deployment in foreign wars or to support large scale civil disturbances , the Guard personnel are answerable to the federal military chain of command all the way up to the President . Adjutants General are state political appointees selected by their respective Contributed by Arizona Military Museum Alpine Area Family History Preservation Project This collection of oral histories portrays the lives of pioneers and early settlers in the closely - knit communities of Alpine , Blue , Nutrioso , Eagar , Springerville , and Luna , NM in the late 1800s and first half of the 1900s . Contributed by Alpine Public Library , Apache County Library District American Flag Ranch and Acadia Ranch - The Story of Oracle ' s Post Offices This collection is a collaboration between Oracle Historical Society and the Postal History Foundation . It includes photographs , postal documents , postcards , postmarks , and covers or cachets , which are envelopes with special illustrations on them . There were a number of different post office locations in the Oracle area during the territorial period , including the American Flag Ranch , Acadia Ranch , and the Mercantile Store . The history of the town of Oracle is , like many other towns in Arizona , deeply intertwined with mining and ranching . As the population grew , Oracle Historical Society & Acadia Ranch Museum APS Childs - Irving Collection The APS Childs - Irving hydroelectric power plant was located between Strawberry and Camp Verde , Arizona , and was constructed in 1908 , and first went online 21 June , 1909 . The plant was designed to harness Fossil Creek , which receives abundant water supply from Fossil Springs at the base of the Mogollon Rim . The springs boasted rates of output of 43 cubic feet per second . In its early days , the Childs - Irving plant was able to supply all of the power needs for Yavapai County . In fact , during the 1920s Sharlot Hall Museum , Library and Archives Architectural Drawings of Thornton Fitzhugh and Associates The Phoenix - based architectural firm of Fitzhugh and Byron ( Lee Mason Fitzhugh , 1877 - 1937 ; Lester A . Byron , 1889 - 1963 ) , designed commercial , residential , and community buildings in Phoenix and around the state of Arizona from the 1910s through the mid - 1930s . The Fitzhugh and Byron firm is recognized for designing some of the earliest examples of adobe revival architecture in Phoenix . Many examples of Fitzhugh and Byron ' s designs are now listed on the Phoenix Historic Property Register and the National Register of Historic Places Arizona Historical Society Library and Archives , Tempe Arizona Appellate Briefs Legal briefs submitted to the Arizona Court of Appeals , Division One , and the Arizona Supreme Court drawn from the Arizona Briefs Collection maintained by the Ross - Blakley Law Library at the Arizona State University . A statement of the issues presented for review , a summary of how pertinent laws affect the facts , and a statement of the relief being requested are essential elements of an appellate brief . Ross - Blakley Law Library , Sandra Day O ' Connor College of Law Arizona Attorney General Opinions Attorney General Opinions are issued when requested by the legislature ( or either house of the legislature ) , any public officer of the State , or a county attorney , on a question of law relating to their office . Arizona State Library , Archives and Public Records : State of Arizona Research Library Arizona Automobile Correspondence The Arizona Automobile Correspondence collection is comprised of advertising covers - mail that was originally sent by Arizona automotive dealers and other automotive - related companies . All are postmarked in Arizona , many of them in Tucson , and span the years 1924 to 1982 . The covers are a combination of envelopes and postcards . Postal History Foundation Arizona Aviation History - The Ruth Reinhold Collection Ruth Reinhold ( 1902 - 1985 ) , an aviation pioneer , was one of the first woman pilots in Arizona . She marked many milestones , from barnstorming to teaching pilots to fly four - engine bombers during World War II . These images were selected from the 1200 photographs researched and collected for her book Sky Pioneering . It is a remarkable survey of aerial landscapes , pilots , aircraft , airports , landing fields , and aviation events in Arizona dating from the early 1900s through the late 1970s . Arizona Historical Society Library and Archives , Tempe Arizona Bushmasters From Indian Wars in Arizona territory to the planned land invasion of Japan in WWII , the history , lineage , and exploits of General Douglas Mac Arthur ' s lead element in the Pacific are depicted in photos and documents . General Douglas MacArthur stated about the Bushmasters : " No greater fighting combat team has ever deployed for battle . " Bushmasters photos , documents , artifacts , and memorabilia can be seen at the Arizona Military Museum . Arizona Military Museum Arizona City and Business Directories The directories document the population and businesses of 19th century Arizona and are used on a daily basis by researchers . In addition to a list of residents and businesses , researchers can find occupations , if a woman was a widow or head of household , or whether the resident owned or rented the property . Many directories contain a history of the city , state and region , information on the climate , topography and natural resources of the area , and in some instances photographs . Arizona County and Local Publications Digital publications produced by and for Arizona counties and cities are available from this collection , which is updated on a continuing basis . Arizona State Library , Archives and Public Records : State of Arizona Research Library Arizona Executive Orders Executive Orders are issued by the Governor of Arizona to establish boards or commissions or to authorize the performance of other functions that are appropriate to the executive authority of the Governor . This listing is updated periodically . New Executive Orders are being issued as the Governor deems necessary which could amend or supersede any of the Executive Orders in the listing . Arizona Highways Online Arizona Highways magazine was born in the early 1920s . As automobiles emerged as the preferred mode of transportation in the U.S. , a handful of states throughout the country developed magazines to entice motorists to travel newly developed roads . Sponsored by the states ' departments of transportation , these magazines provide a unique resource for examining how the automobile changed the history of travel and helped to shape identities of place in America . Of these magazines , none date as far back or have featured the iconic photography that has made Arizona Highways a national treasure . Arizona Highways Arizona Historical Books and Periodicals Collection This collection of books and periodicals represents early Arizona history . The historic collection dates from territorial through statehood and in to the 1920s . Materials selected include territorial legislative acts , Arizona histories from the early days of statehood , and Arizona , The State Magazine , a publication spanning fifteen years of Arizona ' s early history . Within this collection , there are many great photographs , articles , and ads that share the story of Arizona ' s early years . Arizona State Library , Archives and Public Records : State of Arizona Research Library Arizona Latina Trailblazers Latina Americans have had a profound , yet often overlooked , impact throughout Arizona ' s history . This collection shines the spotlight on Latina pioneers in government , business , law , politics , music , and arts . Raul H . Castro Institute Arizona Latinos in Public Service Latinos have contributed greatly to Arizona ' s heritage and history . This collection includes a history of American Legion Post 41 and its members ' accomplishments in the military , politics and in the community ; a history of Arizona Latinos in the military from the 158th Bushmasters of World War II to the Army National Guard ' s tour of duty in Afghanistan to soldiers who fight today . Latino Perspectives Magazine Arizona Military Museum Images The Arizona Military Museum , an Arizona Centennial Legacy Project , contains exhibits of weapons , period uniforms , photos , and various other artifacts portraying the military history of Arizona and the service of Arizonans who served in the military . The displays represent periods and events relating to the Spanish - Mexican era , Civil War , American Indian Wars , Spanish - American War , On the Border , WW I , WW II , Korea , Viet Nam , Global War on Terrorism ( Desert Storm , Afghanistan , and Iraq ) , Women in the Arizona Mines The Mines Collection of the Arizona Geological Survey contains information on thousands of Arizona mines - - only a select few are displayed here . All told , the collection comprises more than 82 linear feet of files filled with old newspaper clippings , accounts of mine histories , geologic reports , mineral assessments , production reports , historic letters inquiries of ore reserves and economic viability , and to a lesser extent , maps , geologic cross - sections , assay reports , mine schematics , and photographs . Arizona Geological Survey Arizona Mines and Minerals - Federal Materials This federal collection , which represents the rich history of mining and mineral resources in Arizona , contains federal reports and studies about select Arizona mines , mineral assessments , and mining activities . Arizona State Library , Archives and Public Records : State of Arizona Research Library Arizona National Forest Maps 1907 - 1945 The Arizona State Archives Map Collection contains maps of all current and many former national forests in Arizona . The General Land Law Revision Act of 1891 allowed for setting aside forest reserves which later became the national forests . Presidential proclamations established the first forest reserves in Arizona and New Mexico in 1892 . The earliest maps in this collection date back to 1907 with several of the first national forests in the state created by presidential proclamation . The presidential proclamations accompany the 1907 - 1910 maps . Arizona State Library , Archives and Public Records : State Archives Arizona National Parks , Forests , and Other Public Lands - Federal Materials This federal collection of materials about Arizona โ s national parks , forests , wilderness lands , wildlife refuges , and national monuments provides a unique resource for examining Arizona โ s public lands . Arizona Photograph Company Collection - A Centennial Legacy Project This collection represents the photographs created by members of The Arizona Photograph Company from 1894 - 1909 . The photographer who took each of the individual photographs in unknown . This is not a complete collection of the company ' s photographs . ( Other photographs can be found at the Sharlot Hall Museum in Prescott , Arizona http : / / www . sharlot . org / ) All photographs are 8x10 gelatin silver glass plate negatives . The original condition of the plates varied from very poor and broken , to very good with minimal scratches , dirt Sharlot Hall Museum , Library and Archives Arizona Related Federal Publications The Arizona State Library , Archives and Public Records ' State of Arizona Research Library is the Regional Federal Depository Library for Arizona designated to receive U.S. Government Printing Office ( GPO ) publications distributed through the Federal Depository Library Program . This collection includes Congressional reports and federal publications related to Arizona . Arizona Session Laws , 1912 - 1996 The Arizona Session Laws are the first printing of legislation after it becomes law . The Session Laws are a useful resource for tracking how laws have changed over time and for determining the bill number for the legislation that initiated the changes . Arizona State Archives - State , County and Local Government Records Records in the Arizona State Archives were created by individuals or agencies within state or local government organizations . Agency records include those from boards , commissions and departments , as well as executive , legislative and judicial branches and date from 1863 to the early 1990s . Local records include those from county and city governments and date from 1863 to the 1940s . Arizona State Library , Archives and Public Records : State Archives Arizona State Archives Historic Photographs The photograph collections in the Arizona State Archives include images from state government as well as private collections . Archives ' photographs focus upon the unique cultural heritage of the state and territory of Arizona , beginning in 1863 . The principal focus within the collections are materials which predate World War II , some as early as the 1860s . The images presented in this collection represent a sample of the images at the Arizona State Archives . If you do n ' t find what you are looking for please contact the State Archives at 602.926.3720 . Arizona State Archives Legislative Oral History Project The Legislative Oral History Project documents the memories of former state legislators about their time in office . This online collection only features excerpts of these oral histories . Full versions are available for public viewing at the Arizona State Archives , located at the Polly Rosenbaum Archives and History building , 1901 W . Madison , Phoenix , Arizona . Arizona State Archives Manuscript Collections The manuscript collections at the Arizona State Archives contain information relating to the history , culture and businesses in Arizona . They document everyday life from territorial times forward . Arizona State Government Publications Publications produced by Arizona territorial and state agencies have been collected by the Library since territorial times and cover a wide variety of subjects including agriculture , mining , transportation , economics , education and government . Arizona state agency annual reports and Legislative Study Committee Reports are also present in this collection . Arizona State Library Historic Newsletters This collection of newsletters and news magazines documents the Arizona State Library , the Arizona State Library Association and Arizona government activities from the 1930s to the early 1990s . Included in these documents are articles by Mulford Winsor and others that cover topics like budgets , awards , scholarships , trainings , library architecture , public library programming , conferences , workshops , committees , and more . Arizona State Library , Archives and Public Records Arizona Territorial Post Offices This exhibit is a representative sample of items in the archives of the Postal History Foundation in Tucson . Each page contains , in philatelic terms , a " cover " - either an envelope or postcard with one or more adhesive postage stamps , or an envelope or postal card with a pre - stamped frank ( called postal stationery in philately ) . Each cover is postmarked at a post office in Arizona . Most of these images are from Arizona Territory before statehood in 1912 . Postal History Foundation Arizona Territory Session Laws Laws adopted by the Legislative Assemblies of the Territory of Arizona from 1864 - 1909 . Laws adopted by the Legislative Assemblies of the Territory of Arizona from 1864 - 1909 . These session laws are the compilation of legislation passed by the Legislative Assemblies of the Territory of Arizona prior to achieving statehood in 1912 . They are digitized from early print editions held in Special Collections at the Daniel F . Cracchiolo Law Library , James E . Rogers College of Law . Daniel F . Cracchiolo Law Library , James E . Rogers College of Law Arizona Women ' s Hall of Fame The Arizona Women ' s Hall of Fame posthumously commemorates Arizona women who have greatly contributed to their communities and state through hard work and leadership . Four to six Arizona women are inducted every two years . The exhibit features custom quilts , made by the Arizona Quilter ' s Guild and the Phoenix Area Quilters Association , of the women who were inducted by 2006 . The Arizona Women ' s Hall of Fame is helmed by the Archives division of the Arizona State Library , Archives and Public Records and housed at the Carnegie Center in Phoenix Arizona ' s Saints and Shady Ladies The women of the West were both saints and shady ladies . They did not and could not fit the Victorian models of womanhood . Those artificial standards were impossible to maintain in the newly settled West . Instead they lived practically and industriously . Famous or " unsung heroines , " their lives and works shaped the form and spirit of the state of Arizona . This selection of images found within our various photograph collections is in honor of both the saints and shady ladies of our state . The Art of Jay Datus The Pageant of Arizona Progress is a series of murals by Jay Datus ( 1914 - 1974 ) portraying the major phases of Arizona ' s history . The murals were painted in 1937 - 38 while the 1938 Arizona Capitol addition was being built . They can be seen on the third floor of the State of Arizona Research Library . Artifacts from the Holocaust and Nazi Germany Various items related to the history of Nazi Germany and the Holocaust were given over the years to the Martin - Springer Institute at Northern Arizona University , in most cases anonymously . The collection sheds light on select aspects of life in Germany before , during , and after the Nazi dictatorship . It includes everyday items like currency and chinaware , items that speak to the life under the conditions of World War II , and objects related to Nazi propaganda and the genocide against European Jews ( like the official stamp of the camp commander of the Martin - Springer Institute ASU Science Pioneers 1955 - 1970 Arizona State University ' s early research scientists were scholarly pioneers of earth , ice , animal , mineral , and space . In Arizona State ' s first days of transformation from a small college to a true university , these men of science were already leaders in their fields , asking tough questions and seeking elusive answers . Their work at ASU helped others to understand venomous animals , meteorites , genetics , rare earth oxides , frozen deserts , and local geology . Arizona State University Library Atchison , Topeka & Santa Fe Railway Company ( A . T . &S . F . Ry . Co . ) Collection Highlights This Arizona Memory Project on - line subset of the A . T . &S . F . Ry . Co . Collection contains over 700 records from the Santa Fe Railway ' s former Albuquerque Division . The Full A . T . &S . F . Ry . Co . Collection contains in excess of 50,000 engineering documents and records from the Santa Fe Railway ' s former Albuquerque Division , which had approximately 1,100 miles of track across northern New Mexico and Arizona . The former Albuquerque Division was , and remains so today , an important Arizona State Railroad Museum Foundation The Barry Goldwater Statue Project Commissioned by the Arizona House Joint Resolution from 2008 , the Senator Barry Goldwater statue was created to replace one of the existing statues dedicated to Arizona in the National Statuary Hall in Washington D.C. The bronze statue was created by Deborah Copenhaver Fellows and is 8 feet tall featuring Senator Goldwater gesturing as if speaking . This collection features photographs from the statue ' s beginning as a clay model to its unveiling and temporary placement within the rotunda of the Arizona State Capital Museum . Arizona Historical Advisory Commission ( AHAC ) Basketry from the Pueblo Grande Museum The baskets in this online collection date from the late 19th century to the present . The baskets in the Museum ' s collection come from private donations by collectors , from the basket weavers themselves , and from occasional purchases by their non - profit support group , the Pueblo Grande Museum Auxiliary . Pueblo Grande Museum The Bass Photo Collection - Grand Canyon and Colorado Plateau Lantern Slides Grand Canyon explorer , prospector and entrepreneur William Wallace Bass shaped the early 20th century understanding and use of the Grand Canyon . One of his chroniclers , photographer F.H. Maude , captured images of Bass and the Grand Canyon before it became part of the National Park System . This collection consists of 446 , hand - tinted , 3.25 " by 4 " lantern slides created by Maude which are from PC 181 Bass Family Photograph Collection , part of the Library and Archives collections at the Arizona Historical Society . Arizona Historical Society Library and Archives , Tucson Between the Tracks - The Story of the Old Vail Post Office This collection of photographs , documents , postal covers and oral histories tells the story of Vail , Arizona . It is often called the " Town Between the Tracks " because of its location between the east and west bound tracks of first , the Southern Pacific Railroad , and later the Union Pacific . Since 1908 the adobe post office has been a focal point for government , communication and commerce in Vail and the surrounding region . All other traces of Vail ' s railroad , mining and ranching roots are gone , erased by time , Vail Preservation Society CAMA International Museum Day Collection For many years , CAMA has urged its member institutions to celebrate International Museum Day ( IMD ) sponsored by the International Council of Museums . In 2011 , eleven CAMA museums joined the IMD May 18th celebration by offering free or reduced admissions , museum store discounts , and special performances . Visit CAMA online . CAMA - Central Arizona Museum Association Capturing Arizona ' s Stories Capturing Arizona Stories is a collection of oral histories contributed by public libraries across Arizona as part of the Capturing Arizona Stories project which encourages communities to take an active role in collecting their own histories by sharing and recording stories . The oral histories cover a range of topics and provide insights into local communities , their people , and events through the experiences of individuals . This project was funded by a Library Services and Technology Act grant . A Celebration of the Human Spirit - Japanese - American Relocation Camps in Arizona The Arizona Historical Society houses two collections pertaining to Arizona ' s two World War II Japanese Relocation Camps , Gila River and Poston . Wade Head served as director of the Poston camp from 1942 - 1944 , and his collection focuses on the administration and documentation of camp life . Frances & Mary Montgomery were teachers at Butte High School , located at the Gila River camp . The Montgomery collection contains student photographs and correspondence , yearbooks , and educational materials . This exhibition showcases original artwork , documents and photographs that illustrate the dichotomy of these Chris - Town Shopping Center - 24 Arizona Heritage Portraits The Arizona Heritage Commemorative Portrait Collection was generously donated to the Arizona State Capitol Museum in October 1982 by the Chris - Town Chamber of Commerce and the merchants of the Chris - Town Shopping Center . This collection was commissioned by the merchants of the Chris - Town Shopping Center for the enjoyment of all Arizonans . These 24 original oil - pencil portraits by Roger Whitney honor people who contributed to the growth and development of Arizona . Each picture reflects the person ' s major area of interest and influence on our state ' s heritage . Arizona Capitol Museum City of Glendale Council Minutes of 1910 - 1914 In celebration of Glendale ' s approaching 100 - year anniversary , this collection of City Council minutes dating from August 1st , 1910 to December 28th , 1914 has been compiled electronically for the first time . Minutes include roll calls of council members in attendance , agreements made with organizations outside of the city , calls of election and the canvassing of votes , and the adoption of ordinances and resolutions into law . City of Glendale Civilian Conservation Corps in Patagonia , Arizona This photo collection represents some of the most noteworthy Civilian Conservation Corps work in the Patagonia , Arizona area . Often overlooked , the CCC dam at the mouth of the CCC Canyon is a centerpiece for the history of the CCC in Patagonia . A nearby walking path provides a space for appreciating some of Patagonia ' s world - renowned beauty . This collection illustrates the long - lasting quality of some of the many projects completed by the CCC in the 1930s and 1940s . Patagonia Museum Cochise College 50th Anniversary Collection Cochise College first opened its doors for classes in 1964 and is proud to mark 50 years of service to Southeastern Arizona and the community it serves . The 50th Anniversary Collection was developed from the College Archives and presents a photographic history of the college . The Collection features photos of administrators , faculty , students and college events that span six decades . If any descriptive errors are observed in the images by the community , please contact the Cochise College Libraries and the errors will be corrected . Cochise College Library Cochise County Clerk of Superior Court - Bisbee Deportation Documents The Bisbee Deportation documents are comprised of about 1,600 court documents filed in 1919 and 1920 in Cochise County Superior Court , pertaining to Cochise County Case number 2725 , entitled , State of Arizona , Plaintiff , vs . Phelps Dodge Corporation , A Corporation , et als . , Defendants , . The Bisbee Deportation started as a labor dispute between some members of the International Mine , Mill and Smelter Workers Union and the three mining companies in early June of 1917 . The issues were focused on working rules , safety regulations and the requirement for Cochise County Clerk of the Superior Court Cochise County Historical & Archeological Collection History and culture of Southeastern Arizona from early archealogical digs to modern times are represented by images , documents and a video from the Cochise College Libraries . Cochise College Library Cochise County Rock Art This collection presents a brief introduction to the rock art of Cochise County , Arizona . A wide diversity of prehistoric and historic rock art is found in the county including petroglyphs and pictographs . Petroglyphs are carved rock designs and pictographs are painted rock designs . Five different cultures are represented in the collection images ; Apache , Hohokam , Mimbres and Mogollon . This collection is Cochise College Libraries effort toward its preservation . Cochise County Territorial Court Documents In May of 1881 , just three months after Cochise County was formed out of southeastern Pima County , district court sessions began in Tombstone , Arizona . The 652 page collection contains brief notations by the district court clerk of matters and proceedings taken up by the judge - in the order they were presented . Aficionados of Cochise County Territorial history will enjoy " seeing " the characters of the day make their appearance in court - and getting a sense of the cadence of court business procedures from a time long past . Cochise County Clerk of the Superior Court Cochise County Territorial Tax Roll Index This collection contains Cochise County , Arizona tax rolls from the Territorial Years ( 1886 - 1912 ) . Cochise County Treasurer ' s Office Colorado Plateau Digital Archives Selections The topics represented in this selection from Northern Arizona University Cline Library include : Colorado River running , surveying , and exploration ; Grand Canyon hiking and tourism ; railroad and timber ; landscape photography of Northern Arizona ; and Native American communities on the Colorado Plateau . Formats include photographs , textual materials , maps , oral histories , and moving images . To view the entire online collection , please visit the Colorado Plateau Digital Archives . Northern Arizona University , Cline Library Colossal Cave Mountain Park ' s Civilian Conservation Corps Image Collection This collection of photos depicts the work and lives of the men of the Civilian Conservation Corps ( CCC ) at Colossal Cave in Vail , AZ , 1934 - 1937 . The CCC was a federal government program designed to conserve our country ' s natural resources and to provide jobs and training to young , unmarried men . The men of the CCC made improvements inside Colossal Cave , constructed buildings , and built picnic areas under the supervision of State Park Service personnel . They lived in a camp supervised by U.S. Army personnel , where they Colossal Cave Mountain Park Congressman John Rhodes Collection The John J . Rhodes Papers consist of correspondence , reports , financial and travel records and printed matter . The collection documents Rhodes ' congressional career from 1953 1983 and significant portions of the collection concern the Central Arizona Project , Indians , water , campaign activities , legislation sponsored by Rhodes , energy policy , Watergate , and the Barry Goldwater presidential campaign . The collection has been divided into eighteen series . The first fifteen series concern each of the US Congresses from 1953 to 1983 . The final three series are Central Arizona Project , Campaign Arizona State University Library Curtis the Collector - Native American Baskets , Pottery and Miscellany Edward Curtis toured North America , photographing the American Indian , for some thirty years from 1895 - 1925 . During that time , Curtis collected baskets , pots and other items . The Arizona Capitol Museum believes these objects are too impressive to remain hidden in storage any longer . These digital images allow everyone to enjoy the artistry that Curtis photographed and collected . Arizona Capitol Museum David Swing Painting Collection David Swing ( 1864 - 1945 ) was both a musician and painter . He is best known as the painter of the Arizona State exhibit at the Golden Gate International Exposition , held at San Francisco , California in 1939 . This collection has 37 items and consists of images of the Golden Gate International Exposition paintings along with carved reliefs , letters and hand - drawn sketches . Day Family Collection The Day Family collection at the Museum of Northern Arizona is made up of images of the Day Family and their activities as traders and agents on the Navajo Reservation . This collection includes portraits and snapshots of Sam Day , Sr . , his wife Anna , and their children Sam Day , Jr . and Charlie Day . Most images were taken between 1890 and 1920 . Museum of Northern Arizona Day Family Records The Day Family were Anglo traders , on the Navajo Reservation in eastern Arizona . The collection includes the personal and business papers of Sam Day , Sr . ( 1845 - 1925 ) surveyor , Indian trader , legislator and United States Indian Commissioner ; Anna Day , Sam Sr . ' s wife ( 1872 - 1932 ) ; and of their children , Charles L . Day ( 1879 - 1918 ) , Samuel Day , Jr . ( 1889 - 1944 ) , United States deputy Marshall . The collection contains archaeological reports , Navajo land Northern Arizona University , Cline Library Earle Forrest Collection This collection consists of 541 richly detailed photographs by author , historian , cowboy and adventurer Earle Robert Forrest ( 1883 - 1969 ) . Photos relate to his life and travels through northern Arizona from 1900 - 1966 . Images are predominantly of cowboy life , Native American people and dwellings , archaeological sites and artifacts , as well as the general geography of the region . Descriptions are written by Forrest himself , either in a first or third - person narrative style . Museum of Northern Arizona Early Cave Creek , Arizona This collection documents the growth , activities and history of the Sonoran Desert Foothills spanning the time period of the 1870 ' s to the 1920 ' s . Within this time span military operations , mining activity , sheep herding , pioneering and dude ranches have a part at shaping the foothills area that brings us to our present day western flair town site offering small town hospitality . Cave Creek Museum Early Life in Taylor , Arizona 1878 - 1940 The artifacts and historic sites that are included in this collection not only serve as examples of daily pioneer living in Taylor , Arizona , but also provide insight into the changes which occurred as the citizens of Taylor adjusted to world , national and community development . Taylor / Shumway Heritage Foundation Early Publications of Yavapai College This collection captures what it was like to be a student at Yavapai College when it was a small , rural community college in the late 1960 ' s - early 1980 ' s . It includes the first published College Catalog , class schedule , and Student Handbook ( be sure to read the sections on the dress code and standards for women students ) . Also included are yearbooks and publications written by journalism students , which highlight college departments and campus activities during the early years . Yavapai College Early Southwest Archaeology at Point of Pines From 1946 to 1960 , in the remote pine country of east - central Arizona , the University of Arizona ' s Department of Anthropology , under the direction of Dr . Emil W . Haury , operated one of the first archaeological field schools in the nation where hundreds of students were trained in archaeological field work . The school was called the Point of Pines Field School because it was situated and surrounded by significant Mogollon pueblo ruins , the largest being Point of Pines Pueblo . This collection of 39 images from the Arizona State Museum ' Arizona State Museum Early Years of Sun City , Arizona Sun City is the first active retirement community in the United States . As late as a month before Sun City ' s grand opening , the development still did not have a name , however that was by design . More than 100,000 people came to see Sun City during its three - day weekend opening , which began on January 1 , 1960 . Del Webb , the owner of Webb Construction Company was featured on the cover of the Time magazine on August 3 , 1962 . Sun Cities Area Historical Society Father Augustine Schwarz Photograph Collection This collection reconstructs the thirty years of Father Augustine ' s service to his Church through his photographs . It contains 163 photographs taken between 1916 and 1940 documenting Franciscan chapels , missions and religious activities at numerous American Indian villages in Arizona . The majority of the images fall into three groups : the Pima people of Central Arizona ; the Tohono O ' odham of the south , and the Apache in the Whiteriver area of northern Arizona . St . John ' s Mission in the village of Komatke , some 14 miles southwest of Phoenix , Flagstaff , Arizona Historic Property Surveys This collection documents the property surveys that resulted from the strong interest among the Flagstaff community that emerged in the 1970s to document and preserve historical structures around the town . The Flagstaff Historic Sites Commission , the Arizona Historical Society - Northern Division / Northern Arizona Pioneers Historical Society , along with other notable institutions , in cooperation with the City of Flagstaff worked toward determining which properties in a given survey area would qualify for listing on the National Register of Historic Places . Arizona State Historic Property Inventory Forms were used to document these selections comprising over Flagstaff City - Coconino County Public Library Flagstaff Telephone and City Directories The Flagstaff Telephone Directories span the years of 1931 through 1981 ( some years are missing ) . They include various communities in north central Arizona , including Grand Canyon , Williams , Winslow , Ash Fork , Munds Park , Camp Verde , Clarkdale , Cottonwood , Sedona , Seligman , Page , Jerome , and more . The directories sometimes include community street maps . White and Yellow pages are included . Flagstaff City - Coconino County Public Library Forman Hanna - Selected Photographs from the Arizona State Museum Collection This exhibit of twenty - seven Forman Hanna photographs from the Arizona State Museum ' s collection showcases the tradition of pictorial photography as practiced in the early twentieth century by photographers in the American West . Native Americans , cowboys and scenic landscapes were some of Forman Hanna ' s favorite subjects . Arizona State Museum Frank Lloyd Wright in Arizona 1929 - 1959 The site for Taliesin West was purchased by Frank Lloyd Wright in 1937 and minor site work and temporary construction was done by Wright and the Fellowship before their return to Wisconsin for the summer . Work continued on the walls and terraces of the buildings during the summer of 1938 by local laborers , with occasional supervision by a Taliesin apprentice . Questions regarding construction issues , and progress on the site was communicated to Wright by telegram to Taliesin in Wisconsin . Images in this collection reflect the early years of Taliesin West . Frank Lloyd Wright Foundation From Friendship to Gratitude - The Merci Train Collection The Merci Train Collection contains a sampling of items from the 1949 Merci ( Gratitude ) Train . " Merci " means thank you in French . Each boxcar was filled with gifts from the people of France showing their gratitude to the American people for sending food and other supplies on the Friendship Train and for liberating France from the invading German army during World War II . The Merci Train Collection cared for by the Arizona Capitol Museum contains various objects , such as paper stars , photographs , clothing , tablecloths , pillows , toys , paintings From Lizard Acres to Lush Oasis - The Building of Sun City West , Arizona Newcomers to Sun City West are impressed with its gently curving streets , neat homes , lovely landscaping , lush golf courses and inviting recreation centers . Few of them realize that as recently as 1976 this was the home of the Circle One Livestock Company with its thousands of cattle - land that , according to one rancher , was " fit only for raising lizards . " Sun Cities Area Historical Society George Burr Etchings at the Arizona Capitol Museum George Burr , born in Monroe Falls , Ohio in 1859 , began sketching and painting by the time he was 8 . By age 11 he knew he wanted to be an artist . By 14 he experimented with etching . In 1877 he attended a business college in Oskaloosa , Iowa and then 1878 - 79 studied at the Chicago Academy of Design . This collection of 47 etchings is some of his best work and was donated to the Arizona Capitol Museum by the estate of Carolann Smurthwaite . Geronimo ! Revered and Reviled ( The Man Behind the Legend ) The Geronimo ! Revered and Reviled collection of photographs is based on the Charles B . Gatewood and Camillus Sidney ( C.S. ) Fly collections at Arizona Historical Society Library and Archives , Southern Division . Included are views of Geronimo , Chief Naiche , Gen . George Crook , Santiago McKinn , Indian scouts , and Apache men , women , and children . The C.S. Fly photographs taken at Caรฑon de los Embudos during the peace conference of March , 1886 represent the only known photographs documenting the meeting . Additionally , there is a copy of Geronimo Arizona Historical Society Library and Archives , Tucson GFWC Desert Jade Woman ' s Club In the early 1960s , ten young Asian - American women joined together to develop friendships and organized to provide community service as the Desert Jade Junior Woman ' s Club in Phoenix , Arizona . Within a year , club membership grew to 20 . Today the group is known as the GFWC ( General Federation of Women ' s Clubs ) Desert Jade Woman ' s Club . The many philanthropic and civic projects of the group have included donations of time , money , and energy to various local fire departments , veteran ' s groups , GFWC Desert Jade Woman ' s Club Gifts to the Governor Gifts to the Governor is a sampling of items that have been given to the State of Arizona over the last 100 years . The Arizona Revised Statutes declare that any item given to the Governor on behalf of the State belongs to the State of Arizona . Items in this collection date from the first Governor of Arizona , George W.P. Hunt , to Governor Janet Napolitano and include gifts from other states , foreign dignitaries , and the people of Arizona . See some of these items on display at the Arizona Capitol Museum . Gila County Maps Our collection is a gathering of historic maps of Gila County dating back over 100 years . Some of these maps include historic places , names and marking of the Territory of Arizona . Gila County Recorder Girl Scouts in Arizona 1920 - 1940 The Phoenix Girl Scouts were formed into the Maricopa Girl Scout Council in 1936 . By 1968 , the 50th Anniversary of Girl Scouting in Arizona , the Maricopa Girl Scout Council had grown into the Arizona Cactus - Pine Council ( GS - ACPC ) and covered the northern 2 / 3 of the state . In 1988 , Dorothy Canfield Foster compiled a history of the GS - ACPC , relying on the artifacts and memory of Jean Clark , leader of Girl Scout Troop 1 for 50 years . Barbara Anderson , a Council staff member , Girl Scouts - Arizona Cactus - Pine Council Historical Society Glendale Community College Archives This collection records GCC ' s founding and growth in its beginning years . Over time , the collection will provide an historical record of the physical campus as it expanded through the decades , along with representative images of instructional programs and student life . Glendale Community College John F . Prince Library Media Center Glendale Public Library History In 1937 a $ 6,000 bond issue and a Public Works Administration grant from the government enabled the city to construct a $ 12,000 library building in 1938 . The 2,200 sq . ft . building would serve a population of 3,500 . The Spanish - style mission library was located in the center of Murphy Park . It was built in the form of a " T " , with an arched entrance in the center which led to the reading rooms . It was considered one of the most attractive buildings in the city . Glendale Public Library Harvey Girls of the Winslow Harvey Houses Entrepreneur Fred Harvey opened a series of eating houses along the Santa Fe Railway that evolved into America ' s first restaurant chain , the Harvey Houses . The company , which operated from 1876 through the 1960s , introduced innovations such as the refinement of dining in the West and the widespread employment of women known as " Harvey Girls . " This collection offers images of Harvey Girls that worked at one of Winslow ' s three Harvey Houses , including La Posada Hotel . Old Trails Museum / Winslow Historical Society Highlights of the Catholic Diocese of Tucson Highlights of the Catholic Diocese of Tucson includes documents and letters from the time of Bishop Salpointe , from the late 1860s to the mid 1880s . Most of the documents are written by or addressed to Bishop Salpointe himself . The collection also includes the first baptismal register from St . Augustine , the mother church of the Diocese of Tucson , from 1861 - 1878 , as well as an alphabetical index . Archives of the Catholic Diocese of Tucson Historic Arizona County Road Maps This collection of historic Arizona county maps includes maps of each Arizona county , dating from the mid 1880s to 1937 . Most of the maps were produced by the County Engineer or County Surveyor and published by the county Board of Supervisors . The 1937 map set covers the entire state and was published by the Arizona State Highway Department . Historic Downtown Glendale This collection represents South 1st Avenue , now 58th Drive and Glendale Avenue , from around 1910 to 1950 . It depicts early development in downtown Glendale , Arizona . The collection also includes photos of the Sine Family , a pioneering family to Glendale , who were instrumental in the development of downtown Glendale . Most of the photos were collected by pioneering Glendale citizens and given to the Glendale Arizona Historical Society . The pictures depicting the Sine Family and their businesses were donated to the Society by Arthur Sine . Glendale Arizona Historical Society The History of Sedona The " History of Sedona " is a collection of historic images presented as a series of sub - collections divided by historical theme or context . Lacking a newspaper before the 1960s and a city government before 1988 , these photographs come from private collections of area pioneer families who have generously shared this wealth with the Sedona Historical Society . The images reflect the rich and unique history of Oak Creek Canyon and the greater Sedona area beginning in the 1870s with the arrival of the first permanent Euroamerican settler . Sedona Historical Society History of the Japanese American Citizens League in Arizona For more than 75 years , the Arizona Chapter of the Japanese American Citizens League has served as a means of support to the community in regard to social issues and activism . This collection features photographs from the collection of Mas Inoshita which range from a variety of social gatherings to include family photographs , citizenship ceremonies , organizational meetings , and others . Japanese American Citizens League , Arizona Chapter The History of the Powwow in Flagstaff In 1930 , the first Southwest All - Indian Pow - Wow came to Flagstaff . This event , centered around the Fourth of July , featured rodeos , parades , authentic ceremonials , and the sale of arts and crafts . It quickly became an occasion for celebration and attracted members of tribes from all over America . It was Flagstaff ' s primary festival for many years , but the size of the crowds became unmanageable for Flagstaff residents . In 1980 Flagstaff decided to cancel the Pow - Wow permanently . This collection of historic powwow programs The Hohokam of Pueblo Grande Pueblo Grande was a major Hohokam village on the north bank of the Salt River in what is now Phoenix , Arizona . Pueblo Grande was occupied for 1000 years , from about AD 500 - 1450 . In addition to dwellings , it contained public architecture , such as the platform mound , a stone reinforced adobe structure the size of a football field , and a multi - storey adobe " big house " like the one at Casa Grande Ruins National Monument . Pueblo Grande Museum Hopi Artists and the Museum of Northern Arizona This collection consists of images / portraits of Hopi Artists ( with their arts and crafts ) who contributed works to the Museum of Northern Arizona ' s yearly Hopi festival from 1956 - 1965 . This sampling of images represents only a small portion of the vast original images that exist in the Museum ' s vault . Images from the Edward Curtis Collection at the Arizona Capitol Museum " The North American Indian , " is Edward Curtis ' s grand attempt to represent the various cultures of the American Indians . The twenty volume set , with the twenty accompanying portfolios , contains over 1,500 photographic plates and vast descriptions of American Indian culture . These are the three volumes of " The North American Indian " which include most of the work Curtis did pertaining to the American Indians of Arizona . Images of the Catholic Diocese of Tucson The Images collection consists of photographs of bishops and priests who served Catholics of Arizona from as early as the 1860s . Most of the earliest priests and bishops came from France through the recruitment of Archbishop Salpointe and Archbishop Lamy , of Santa Fe . The collection includes some later priests , those ordained in the 1920s and 1930s , who , like Rev . Msgr . Don Hughes , were active in building and improving the Diocese as Arizona began to grow . Archives of the Catholic Diocese of Tucson Images of Tohono O ' odham Polychrome Pottery Making Study On June 2nd through 6th , 1980 , Helga Teiwes visited Hickiwan Village , Tohono O ' odham Indian Reservation , Arizona . It was there that she documented Rupert Angea creating several polychrome pots . The process was documented from the gathering of supplies for the actual pot to the gathering of the materials for the creation of the paint . The polychrome pots that were created were donated to the Arizona State Museum . Indigenous Peoples Near Winslow This collection offers images , some over 100 years old , of Native American life in and around Winslow , a border town to Hopi and Navajo tribal lands . Members of both nations have migrated between their lands and Winslow for trade , employment , education , public services , and entertainment . Winslow is also a second home to many Laguna families , whose men were employed by the Santa Fe Railway in exchange for the right to cross their Pueblo lands in New Mexico . Old Trails Museum / Winslow Historical Society Introduced Bills of the Arizona Territory The Introduced Bills of the Territory of Arizona collection consists of bills introduced to the territorial legislature between 1899 and 1909 . Bills introduced prior to 1899 can be found at the State Archives . Bills from 1912 โ present are available in print from the State Library of Arizona . Bills introduced after 1998 can be found online via the State Legislature . To see what ( if any ) changes were made to the proposed legislation before it was passed into law , please see the Arizona Territory Session Laws State of Arizona Research Library J.W. Hoover Lantern Slide Collection - A Centennial Legacy Project J.W. Hoover used this lantern slide collection in his class lectures , professional talks , and to illustrate his writings . It is a diverse collection of approximately 3,200 lantern slides representing geographical locations , people , illustrations and hand drawings . As such , this collection covers a wide range of topics including : Agriculture , Animals , Art , Buildings , Canals , Dams , Geology and Geography ; Oceans , Lakes , and Rivers ; People , Places , Vegetation and Transportation . Jane Karl Mid - Century Modern Architectural Renderings Jane Karl was born in Kansas City Missouri on October 10 , 1920 , and grew up in Washington DC . In 1940 , she moved to New York City to study commercial art at Columbia University . She married Walter Karl , and in 1956 , the couple and their three year old son relocated to Phoenix , Arizona . They established an architectural firm " Karl Visuals , " and provided architectural renderings for noted Phoenix architects John Long , Del Webb , and others . After her husband ' s death in 1960 , Jane continued the Jerome Postal History This collection is a collaboration between Jerome Historical Society and the Postal History Foundation . It includes photographs , postal documents , postcards , postmarks , and covers or cachets , which are envelopes with special illustrations on them . Like many other towns in Arizona , the postal history of Jerome closely reflects the boom and bust of the mining industry . As the mining operations grew and the population soared , the post office also was established and expanded . Later , as fires swept through the town on multiple occasions , the post office also suffered . Jerome Historical Society Jewish Life in Arizona This collection presents selections from the archives of the Arizona Jewish Historical Society of over 50,000 photographs depicting aspects of Jewish life in Arizona . Photographs in this collection were donated to the Arizona Jewish Historical Society by a variety of sources , including photography studios , newspapers , local organizations , and private donors . Arizona Jewish Historical Society Jordan Family Clothing - One Family ' s Closet " One Family ' s Closet " features nine focus areas representing clothing from 1912 - 1962 . The display includes items that belonged to various members of one Arizona pioneer family . They include : Annie Bristow Jordan ( Sally ' s great - grandmother ) , Ruth Woolf Jordan ( her grandmother ) , Anne Jordan Jackson ( her mother , and the Jordan ' s eldest daughter ) , Helen Jordan ( her great - aunt ) , and other family members . Sedona Historical Society Journals of the Arizona House of Representatives The Journals of the Arizona House chronicle the proceedings of the Arizona House of Representatives . Journals of the Arizona Senate The Journals of the Arizona Senate chronicle the proceedings of the Arizona State Senate . Left for Interpretation - Petroglyphs & Artifacts The Hedgpeth Hills face east , towards the rising sun . At one time , the hills were next to a flowing creek that supported communities of people , plants and animals . Archaic , Hohokam , and Patayan peoples passed through the area and left their mark by pecking over 1,500 symbols into the basalt boulders . We do not know the reason they left the petroglyphs , or what story the markings tell . However , we do know that each generation plays a role in changing the land by communicating their traditions . Today , the Deer Deer Valley Petroglyph Preserve Legal and Court History of Cochise County The first submission to this collection is the recently rediscovered Coroner ' s Inquest of the October 26 , 1881 incident commonly referred to as " The Gunfight at the OK Corral . " On March 31 , 2010 , while reorganizing a records storage area in the old county jail , two deputy clerks discovered these long - missing documents . The OK Corral documents section of this collection includes typewritten versions created in the 1960s by deputy clerks . While there are a few errors in these transcriptions , they can be of help in deciphering the handwritten Lescher - Mahoney Architectural Drawings The architectural team of Lescher - Mahoney can be seen throughout Arizona in schools , hospitals , and churches as well as residential , commercial and government buildings . The images featured here are taken from 70 mm microfilm previously inaccessible due to reel size and chemical deterioration . Now 11 of the 25 microfilm rolls have been digitized using state - of - the - art camera and image - enhancing software . Listening to Glendale ' s Past Listening to Glendale ' s Past is a collection of oral and video histories , most with transcripts , of people connected with Glendale in a myriad of ways , reliving life from the early 1900s to the present . These histories are presented in a series of sub - collections divided by the organizations that collected them . Glendale Public Library Lon Megargee Paintings Lon Megargee ( 1883 - 1960 ) was successful as an artist , Megargee lived a wild cowboy lifestyle ; he is equally well known for his financial instability and for having been married at least seven times . This collection consists of 27 items including paintings commissioned by the Arizona State Capitol after statehood , Depression - era WPA paintings , A - 1 Beer advertisements and personal correspondences . The Many Personas of Stephen Shadegg The Shadegg Collection at Arizona State University is significant , not only for documenting a remarkably diverse career , but also for capturing the culture and commerce of modern day Phoenix . From 1932 when he first came to Phoenix until the 1980s , Shadegg pursued a wide range of occupations : mail order salesman ; newspaper columnist ; radio , film script , and pulp magazine writer ; historian , biographer and novelist ; actor and theatre director ; polygraph expert and sheriff ' s deputy ; insurance agent and a pharmaceutical company owner . He also operated a Maricopa County Land Ownership Maps 1903 - 1929 This map collection depicts land ownership in Maricopa County for 1903 , 1911 , 1914 , 1917 , 1923 , 1926 and 1929 . Each map sheet depicts one township and range and shows land owners in each square mile section . Note that only land ownership outside the city limits is shown . Individual lots within city limits are not shown . Maricopa Pottery ( Connell Collection ) The Connell Collection of Historic Maricopa Pottery consists of pots that were collected by Eliza Ann Connell and her daughter , Caroline , between 1895 and 1907 , in Phoenix . According to documents on file at both Pueblo Grande Museum and the Arizona State Museum , Burridge D . Butler purchased the collection from Caroline Connell Smurthwaite for $ 500 , at the urging of Emil Haury , on behalf of the Arizona State Museum in Tucson . The collection was given to the ASM , where it was cataloged , and , at the request of the donor Marshall Trimble On Arizona Marshall Trimble is considered the " dean of Arizona historians " and has taught Arizona history at Scottsdale Community College for 40 years . His first book was published in 1977 by Doubleday & Company , New York . Since then he ' s written more than twenty books on Arizona and the West . Trimble is one of the state ' s most popular speakers and performers . He ' s also an educator , lecturer , folk singer and stage performer . Scottsdale Community College Mecham Impeachment Hearings On January 20 , 1988 , the Arizona House of Representatives hearings on Governor Evan Mecham ' s for alleged illegal activities and on February 8th voted to impeach him . The impeachment trial commenced in the Arizona State Senate , with the Senate acting as the Court of Impeachment , on February 29 , 1988 and ended on April 8 of that same year with Mecham ' s conviction and subsequent impeachment for obstruction of justice and misuse of government funds . The Senate failed to muster the votes necessary to bar the ex - governor from holding elected Medallion Papers The Medallion Papers is a series of 39 publications issued between 1928 - 1950 by the Gila Pueblo Archaeological Foundation . Gila Pueblo , as it later became known , was one of the earliest Arizona institutions doing archaeological surveying and research in the Southwest . Men , Mines and Money These photos represent a small portion of the collection from Herbert V . Young who was engaged as secretary to the general manager of the United Verde Copper Company mine from 1912 - 1955 . Jerome Historical Society Mesa Community College - The Early Years The photographs in this collection depict the early years of Mesa Community College , daily student life , and faculty engagement . Mesa Community College Mexican Heritage Project This assortment of images was selected to share a broad sampling of the images collected as part of the Mexican Heritage Project . These photographs portray a wide range of subjects , including formal studio portraits of individuals and groups , street scenes , parades , wedding portraits , interiors , ranch scenes , musical groups , workers , theatrical productions , school class photos , and casual family snapshots . Minutes of the Pima County Medical Society 1904 - 1954 Spanning half a century , this collection begins during the Arizona Territorial period and continues through the era of the polio epidemic , the Korean War and the birth of television . The minutes of the Pima County Medical Society offer a detailed look into a broad range of medical , social , political and professional issues - - some of these at the local level and many at the national level . Any thorough study of the history of medicine in Arizona will benefit from a careful exploration of these documents . University of Arizona Health Sciences Library Mohave Museum - History of Transportation in Mohave County This collection of photographs , 1890 ' s through the 1940 ' s , provide a snapshot of the role transportation systems and vehicles played in the development of Mohave County . Subjects presented are : horses , mules , burros , railroads , stagecoaches , freight wagons , trucks , buses , hotels , motels , service stations , cafes , airplanes , boats , automobiles , and the people who were a part of that time in Arizona ' s history . Mohave Museum of History and Arts Mohave Museum - U.S. Presidents and the History of Arizona This digital collection , U.S. Presidents and the History of Arizona , provides a portrait and a brief biography of each President and First Lady with descriptions of major issues and historical events during the president ' s term in office . A concurrent time - line of Arizona and Mohave County history is included for reference and education . Mohave Museum of History and Arts Montezuma ' s Castle Historic Photo Archive The Montezuma Castle Historic Photo Archive collection represents the history of Montezuma Castle National Monument , from its time before National Park Service control in the late nineteenth century , through the 1960 ' s . These images chronicle not only early interest and exploration of the site , but also document efforts by the National Park Service to preserve and stabilize these prehistoric structures for the benefit of future generations . National Park Service Murder & Mayhem - The Strange Saga of Winnie Ruth Judd A selection of photographs and letters from around Arizona about the infamous " trunk murderess " ; Winnie Ruth Judd . She was tried and convicted of the murder and subsequent dismemberment of her two friends . In a strange turn of events , she was found insane and placed in the state mental hospital for almost forty years . This is her saga . Navajo County Historical Society Collection Highlights This collection showcases the art and artifacts that document the history of Navajo County . This items are currently on display at the Navajo County Historical Society , Holbook , Arizona branch . Navajo County Historical Society New Deal Art There are at least 482 works of art in the Pueblo Grande Museum ' s archive . Most can be traced to the Federal Art Project , during 1940 - 1941 . Prehistoric pottery designs are particularly well represented , with a series of silk screens and color drawings of sherds from the Museum ' s collection . Historic native cultures are well represented , with black - and - white as well as color drawings of Maricopa , Pima , Mohave , and Yuman objects ; especially numerous are examples of Pima baskets . There are detailed architectural drawings Northern Arizona Water History Documents This collection encompasses a variety of correspondence and agreements relating to the challenges of providing water for domestic and industrial purposes in the Flagstaff area , dating back to 1899 . The matter of water accessibility and storage was resolved upon the approval of the Lake Mary Water Project comprised of a treatment and pumping plant buildings and units along with a pipeline from Lake Mary to the treatment plant , and from the treatment plant to the city water distribution system . The documents in this collection cover Lake Mary , Mormon Lake and Anderson Mesa , proposed Switzer Old Trails Museum Collection Highlights These images provide a sampling of the Old Trails Museum ' s collections , which include objects , documents , photographs , textiles , and oral histories donated by current and former Winslow residents . Most of these items are on display at the museum , which interprets them through free exhibits and public programs that explore Winslow ' s diverse history . Oral Histories of Gila County Oral Histories of Gila County is a compilation of interviews , a part of the Arizona Memory Project , to commemorate Arizona ' s first 100 years of Statehood . It was made possible by partial funding by an LSTA Grant . The oral historian , Joyce McBride , began interviewing in September 2007 , choosing Gila County because it uniquely represents every aspect of Arizona ' s culturally diverse history . Gila County Historical Museum Oral Histories of Gila County Ranchers The Oral Histories of Gila County Ranchers captures 5 - 7 generations of stories from pioneers and early settlers in Arizona , some arriving shortly after the Civil War . Not only did these families come early , but they also remain in place , or nearby , to this very day . Their stories provide a unique and fluid account of how this segment of Arizona ' s culture has adapted to pressures and influences brought about by environmental and political events . Arizona Heritage Research Foundation Oral Histories of Globe High School , Globe , AZ This collection of oral histories is a small sample collected from alumni as a tribute to Globe High School . Gila County Historical Museum Oral Histories of Pinetop , Lakeside , McNary and Whiteriver , Arizona The Oral Histories of Pinetop - Lakeside , McNary and Whiteriver project captures the cultural history of SE Navajo County from before Arizona ' s statehood to the turn of the 21st Century . Each of their achievements helped make Arizona the great state it has become . Pinetop - Lakeside Historical Society Oral Histories of the White Mountains This audio collection consists of snippets from interviews with residents who lived in and around the White Mountains area . The 1977 interviews were part of a Northland Pioneer College project to document the history of the Northeastern Arizona region . Complete interviews can be obtained from the Show Low Historical Society Museum . Show Low Historical Society Museum Perspectives of the Past - Pima County Oral History Project To celebrate Arizona ' s centennial , Pima County Public Library interviewed longtime residents to gain perspective on how our area has changed over the last 100 years . These oral histories preserve the stories of Pima County and connect us with our past . Pima County Public Library Petrified Forest Historic Photographs Many years of southwestern history and culture are represented within Petrified Forest National Park and some have been captured in this collection of photographs . From prehistoric peoples to early explorers , from the Civilian Conservation Corps to Historic Route 66 , the park has many stories to tell . National Park Service Phoenix City Building Drawings , 1925 - 1991 This collection contains 81 sets of drawings of buildings in Phoenix and spans the years 1919 ( Heard Building ) to 1991 ( the Mercado ) . Included in this collection are hospitals , banks , shopping malls , the San Carlos Hotel , Maricopa County Courthouse , Phoenix Little Theatre , and the YMCA and YWCA buildings , just to name a few . Noted architectural firms including Lescher and Mahoney , Fitzhugh and Byron , and Trost and Trost are represented . Arizona Science Center Phoenix College - The Early Years This collection of photographs provides a feel for what Phoenix College was like during its first several decades . Images were selected to represent college life , as well as the architecture of the various campus locations . The photographs come from the Library and the Alumni Office ' s collections . Phoenix College Phoenix Jewish News Photographs Collection The Jewish News Photographic Collection consists of over 10,000 photographs and other documentation donated by the Jewish News of Greater Phoenix to the Arizona Jewish Historic Society in May 2007 . The Jewish News of Greater Phoenix is a privately owned weekly newspaper reporting on local , national and international stories of interest to the Jewish community of metropolitan Phoenix , Arizona . The newspaper has been published continuously since 1948 . The collection spans the six decades of the newspaper ' s existence with most of the material dating from the 1960 ' s and onwards . Arizona Jewish Historical Society Phoenix Sister Cities Taipei Sister Cities Committee Taipei is one of Phoenix ' s oldest sister city partners , and the Phoenix Sister Cities Taipei Sister Cities Committee plays an important role as a bridge to a connect the City of Phoenix , Arizona , and the City of Taipei , Taiwan through arts and culture , education , sports , technology , food , and business exchanges . This collection features photographs and documents that illustrate the work of the Phoenix Sister Cities Taipei Sister Cities Committee . Phoenix Sister Cities Taipei Sister Cities Committee Photographs of the Maricopa People by Daniel Boone Linderman As a missionary , teacher , and photographer , Daniel Boone Linderman documented the Pima and Maricopa during the early 20th century . His photographs center on Native American ethnography , particularly showcasing mission schools , group portraits of families and their homes , and farming . The Pictures We Took - Aguila in Photographs There was a time when the small town of Aguila , Arizona was n ' t such a nice place to be . After a few years of being plagued by crime , community members decided to make a change . They got the town ' s issues in the press , which set off a chain reaction of events that resulted in a local cultural shift . Within months , most of Aguila ' s problems faded into history . But then a new issue arose : even though the crime was down , the town ' s reputation Maricopa County Library District Portraits of Poets by LaVerne Harrell Clark LaVerne Harrell Clark , the first director of the University of Arizona Poetry Center , was also a writer of fiction and nonfiction , an expert on Southwestern folklore and mythology , and an accomplished photographer . During her tenure , and for many years after her retirement , Clark created photographic portraits of the poets who read at the Poetry Center . University of Arizona Poetry Center Postal Campaigns - Tucson AZ and Surrounding Areas This collection , consisting primarily of black and white photographs , covers seven different campaigns in Tucson and the surrounding areas from the 1950 ' s and 1960 ' s . These photographs and other materials document postal activity at the time and were used for marketing , education , increasing public awareness , improved service , and publicity related purposes . The collection includes the following topics : Mail Early for Christmas Campaign , Mail Early in the Day Campaign , Zip Code Campaign , Automation and Self - Service , Forest Conservation Stamp Campaign , Campaign against Obscene Powwow Photographs by Ann Leonard The Powwow Photographs by Ann Leonard collection consists of 69 color digital photographs by Arizona State University ' s Labriola National American Indian Data Center ' s Library Aid , Ann Leonard . Leonard documented the Tohono O ' odham ' s Wa : K Pow Wow , held at Tucson ' s San Xavier del Bac Mission in March of 2008 . The images feature multiple dance competitions , including shots of Fancy , Grass , Southern Straight , Jingle , and Shawl dancers . The images have been displayed at Labriola Center during the Spring and Summer of Prescott Granite Mountain Hotshots - Tribute Fence Preservation Project At mid - afternoon June 30 , 2013 early monsoon storms were brewing over the Bradshaw Mountains south of Prescott , Arizona . Four days prior , a minor brush fire had been sparked by a lightning strike near the small town of Yarnell . Little did anyone suspect the mergence of these two events would create a huge fire which would at 4 : 42 pm take the lives of 19 Prescott firefighters . Prescott Public Library , City of Prescott Prescription for Health , 1983 - 1997 , Pima County Medical Society Originally a radio program ( 1980 - 1990 ) , Prescription for Health also became a cable television program created by the Pima County Medical Society . This public access program focused on providing in - depth medical information on a broad range of topics of interest to the general public . At least 284 episodes ( and perhaps as many as 320 ) were produced from 1983 to 1997 . University of Arizona Health Sciences Library The Restoration of Heritage Square This collection documents the restoration of Phoenix ' s Block 14 . Located at the heart of downtown Phoenix , Block 14 is the only remaining residential block from the original Phoenix townsite . As the city grew over time , Block 14 and other residential areas were encompassed by commercial development . Over the years , many homes fell into disrepair and were demolished . Heritage Square Phoenix Richard Schaus Ranching Collection The Richard Schaus Ranching Collection is one of the Arizona Historical Society ' s premier research collections . Together with the Foundation ' s closely - related Arizona Cattle Growers Association Collection , the two sources offer abundant research material about the history of the ranching and cattle industry in Arizona . Robert Lenon Map Collection The Robert Lenon Map Collection consists of maps from the collection of Patagonia , Arizona - based mining engineer Robert Lenon . The majority of these maps depict ore and mineral mining in the Sonoran desert region of southern Arizona and northern Mexico , spanning the Arizona territorial period of the 1800s up to the 1960s . Additional selections include historical maps of the region , including an 1880 Nogales city block map by Henry Flipper , and maps drawn by Lenon tracing Father Eusebio Kino ' s route through Pimeria Alta in the 17th century . This digital collection Rosa Ronquillo Rhodes - The Life of the Redington Ranch Postmistress Rosa Ronquillo Rhodes ( 1894 - 1982 ) was the postmistress on a ranch in Redington , Arizona ( Pima County ) from 1922 to 1936 . Of Mexican descent , she was the first child in her family to become literate , and held a position that was central to the ranching community in which she lived . This collection of photographs , postcards , and postal documents portray her life as a postmistress , as well as offering a glimpse into ranch life in rural Arizona during that period . Sahuaro Ranch History This collection has two components . It features images from the last private owner of Sahuaro Ranch , Richard S . Smith , as well as photographs from the early administration of this historic site by the City of Glendale . These images show Sahuaro Ranch in the 1930s and 1940s , and the transformation of the ranch into a historic site and city park in the 1980s . Sahuaro Ranch Park Historic Area San Luis Takes Its Place in Arizona ' s History - The Migrant Worker Experience This collection of oral histories and photographs provides insight into a part of the history of Yuma County Arizona that has been overlooked . The interviewees are Mexicans and Anglo - Americans who settled in the southern towns of Yuma County , primarily in San Luis . They came to farm the land as Braceros , migrant field workers , and homesteaders and they stayed to play an important role in the history and development of Arizona . Yuma County Library District Scottsdale Remembers - Recollections of Our Past Many active community organizations worked to create the Scottsdale of today and some worked to preserve its past . This collection contains material from three Scottsdale repositories : the Scottsdale Historical Society , the Scottsdale Jaycees , and the Scottsdale Charros . Scottsdale Public Library Scottsdale ' s History in Images An essential portion of Scottsdale history is contained in a photograph collection located in the Scottsdale Room . This collection showcases the history and growth of what has changed from a small farming community into a world - class city . The collection ' s time period spans the late 1800s to the mid - twentieth century and beyond . Scottsdale Public Library Sedona - Oak Creek Interagency Study , 1976 - 1984 This collection comprises documents related to developing a land use plan for the Sedona Oak Creek area . Five agencies : Coconino County , NACOG ( Northern Arizona Council of Governments ) , Yavapai County , Coconino National Forest , and the State of Arizona , began meeting in 1976 to develop a comprehensive land use plan for the Sedona Oak Creek Unit , culminating in a proposed guide for future development within Oak Creek Canyon in 1984 . The study establishes policies regarding future development patterns for all private lands within the Canyon and policies designed to protect and Select Photos from Arizona Native Basketry Traditions On April 12 , 1973 , Helga Teiwes visited the Gila River Indian Reservation , near Bapchule , Arizona , to document Julia Francisco ' s basket making processes . She photographed the gathering , cleaning , drying , and stripping of basket making supplies , such as willow , devil ' s claw , and martynia , as well as the creation of a woven basket depicting a squash blossom design . Helga later returned on August 17 , 1973 to observe the Cattail Harvest at Stanfield Ditch , where she documented Julia Francisco cutting and collecting cattail , Selections from the Lowell Observatory Archives This collection highlights photographs , drawings and documents from the Lowell Observatory Archives . It includes images of people , buildings and telescopes from the institution ' s early days , drawings of Mars made by Percival Lowell , and documents from significant events in the observatory ' s history , such as the discovery of Pluto . There are also contemporary photographs of the Discovery Channel Telescope . Lowell Observatory Archives Selections from the Masterworks Arts and Artists Series This collection features a selection of art and archives from the Masterworks Arts and Artists Series of the Heard Museum . Images of artists ' work in the museum ' s collection are connected to documents related to the artists ' careers from various major collections in the Library and Archives . Heard Museum Selections from the Morris K . Udall Papers This digital collection contains photographic images and documents from the Morris K . Udall Collection at the University of Arizona Libraries , Special Collections . The photographic images and documents showcase Morris K . Udall ' s lifetime service and achievements in Arizona and the United States . University of Arizona Special Collections Selections from the Stewart L . Udall Papers This digital collection serves to highlight some of the images and text documents within the Stewart L . Udall Collection at the University of Arizona Libraries , Special Collections . The material in this exhibit will provide the user with an introduction to the manuscript collection , including selected photographic images documenting Stewart Udall ' s public career and private interests . The collection spans the course of Stewart Udall ' s life , including his time as Secretary of the Interior , under Presidents John F . Kennedy and Lyndon B . Johnson , 1961 - 1969 . University of Arizona Special Collections Selections of Photographs from Helga Teiwes ' Hopi Basket Weaving Project Prompted by her interest in Hopi arts and crafts , Helga Teiwes , photographer for the Arizona State Museum , documented Hopi basket weavers over the course of three years in the early 1990 ' s . She captured the three styles of basketry woven at Hopi : the wicker basketry of Third Mesa , the coiled basketry of Second Mesa and plaited basketry from all of the Mesas . In addition she documented the women who created these works of art and photographed the materials including sivaapi ( rabbitbrush ) , siwi ( dune broom ) suuvi ( sumac Selections of Rosamond Spicer ' s Tohono O ' odham Photographs Rosamond Spicer ( 1913 - 1999 ) received a bachelor ' s degree in archaeology from Northwestern University in 1934 and a Master ' s degree in anthropology from the University of Chicago in 1938 . She lived on the Tohono O ' odham Reservation , previously known as the Papago Reservation , from October , 1942 , to July , 1943 . The photos were taken as part of the Bureau of Indian Affairs ( BIA ) and the University of Chicago Committee on Human Development Indian Education and Research Project . The majority of the photos were taken Senator Barry M . Goldwater - An Arizona Legend These images ( some rare and rarely seen ) were selected from over 5,000 photographs found in the Personal and Political Papers of Senator Barry M . Goldwater ( 1909 - 1998 ) . They document his interests in aviation , Arizona history , photography and travel as well as his military , political , social and family life . Arizona legend and political icon , Barry Goldwater remains the quintessential Man of the West - rugged , independent , and fearless . Sharlot Hall Museum Audio Collection The Sharlot Hall Museum Oral History collection represents a cross - section of a larger collection of interviews , presentations , speeches and radio programs conducted mainly in Prescott , Arizona from 1939 to present . Sharlot Hall Museum Map Collection The Sharlot Hall Museum Map Collection consists of approximately 5,000 maps relating to Prescott , Arizona , Yavapai County , and Arizona and the west in general , 1850 - present . Sharlot Hall Museum Military Image Collection This collection of still images represent military activity in Arizona , specifically Yavapai County and Northern Arizona , 1864 - Present . Subjects included in the collection are Ft . Whipple , Camp Verde , Ft . Apache , Ft . Grant , San Carlos , Ft . McDowell , Camp Huachuca , Ft . Bowie , Camp Hualipai , the Rough Riders and general Arizona military history . Sharlot Hall Museum Mining Image Collection This collection of still images is related to mining activities in Yavapai County and Northern Arizona ( 1864 - 1975 ) . Gold , copper , iron , onyx , and silver mining are represented , as well as placer , hydraulic , underground , and open pit mining . Sharlot M . Hall - Arizona ' s Curator Sharlot M . Hall , the first woman to hold any salaried office in territorial Arizona , was a forward - thinking woman , a woman of vision and daring living during an era when most women did n ' t dare have any vision at all . Sharlot developed an intense fascination and love for Arizona and southwest frontier life and history and sought to conserve what she understood to be its vanishing heritage and traditions . The images , documents , letters , newspaper clippings , and ephemera ( some rare and rarely seen ) were selected from Show Low Historical Society Collection Highlights The Show Low Historical Society Museum has a varied collection of objects and photographs that document the history of the City of Show Low , including images from the Rodeo - Chediski fire . Show Low Historical Society Museum The Silva House at Heritage Square This collection consist of legal documents and photographs that express the history of the Silva House located in Phoenix ' s Block 14 , the only remaining residential block from the original Phoenix townsite . The house is named after Alejandro Silva , who purchased the house in 1906 from a Phoenix liquor dealer , A.K.C. Kirchoff . Although the family used the house as a rental property for approximately 20 years , renting to clerks , bookkeepers and saloon workers , the Silva family resided in the home for approximately 50 years , longer than any other resident . Heritage Square Phoenix Sonoran Heritage - A Learning Library Program The Sonoran Heritage Collection is a series of learning packets , materials and resources , media , and posters released in the late 1970s and early 1980s by the Tucson Public Library . This program was funded by the National Endowment for the Humanities , and was designed to explore the history , culture , and peoples of the Sonoran desert region of Arizona and Mexico . Topics include " Clothes and Costumers , " " Play , " " Power , " " Shelter , " " Family , " " Work , " " Genius , " and Pima County Public Library Southwest Airways and Thunderbird Field # 1 The site of Thunderbird School of Global Management has its origins as a primary flight training school during World War II . In the late 1930 ' s , with war looming on the horizon , General " Hap " Arnold , who authorized civilian training bases for World War II , recognized a need to train more pilots for combat . However , Congress disagreed , and only allowed the expansion of one training base , Randolph Field . Arnold circumvented Congress and sent out a call for civilian flight operators to gamble their dollars building training fields to Thunderbird School of Global Management Territorial and Early Statehood Arizona Postcards This collection includes postcards which represent Arizona subjects or were posted from Arizona post offices up until the year 1920 . They are a visual demonstration of how Arizona has changed since the territorial period and many of the cards show towns , buildings , and ways of life which no longer exist . Territorial Governor Portraits by William Besser The Arizona Territory was created in 1863 and existed until 1912 , when statehood was achieved . During that time 16 people served 17 terms as Territorial Governor . In 1913 the State of Arizona commissioned William Besser to paint portraits of each Territorial Governor . Besser painted all but three of the portraits from photographs ; Richard E . Sloan , Joseph H . Kibbey , and Louis Cameron Hughes still resided in Arizona and had sittings with the artist . Today these 16 portraits hang in the Arizona Capitol Museum . This Day in Arizona History This Day In Arizona History charts some of the memorable moments in our state ' s history spanning Arizona ' s Territorial Days to the late 20th century . This Memory Project collection shows the breadth of history from the political to the personal , noting the births and deaths of the famous and the infamous , the building of key Arizona landmarks , and the twists and turns of government , the economy , science and technology and society . The impact of Arizona ' s growth , the Great Depression , two World Wars and social revolutions in Thunderbird Classic Balloon Race The Thunderbird Balloon Race digital collection is a collection of photographs , ephemera and memorabilia that chronicles the history of the Thunderbird Classic Balloon Race . The race started in 1975 and was originally held on campus at the American Graduate School of International Management ( AGSIM ) . The event was organized by the Friends of Thunderbird to raise money for student scholarships . The race grew in the number of participants and spectators every year and was eventually moved to the Glendale Airport ( for two years ) and WestWorld in Scottsdale . By the early 2000 ' Thunderbird School of Global Management Thunderbird School of Global Management - Alumni Magazine Archive The alumni magazine archive is a collection of the school ' s main publication , originally known as The Thunderbird , and later , Thunderbird Magazine . Each issue of the magazine highlights the school ' s activities , targeting alumni but also featuring articles and photos of Thunderbird students , staff , faculty , and friends . Thunderbird School of Global Management - Historical Collections This collection depicts the story of Thunderbird Field I , a vital World War II air training base at which more than 10,000 pilots learned to fly . The collection then shows the early years of the school , known as American Institute for Foreign Trade . Thanks to the vision of retired Lt . General Barton Kyle Yount and his colleagues , the postwar property was transformed into a school that would become the world ' s leading international school of management . Thunderbird School of Global Management - Yearbooks The Thunderbird Yearbook Collection chronicles the history of the School . Each yearbook is a snapshot of life at Thunderbird with photos of students , administration , faculty and staff as well as campus scenery . The Yearbook Collection represents graduating classes from 1947 - 1998 . The collection begins with the first yearbook published in 1951 , as a tribute to the first five years of the American Institute for Foreign Trade and encompasses the first five graduating classes . The last yearbook published was in 1998 . Yearbooks are continually being digitized and added to the collection on Tohono O ' odham Collection 1970 - 1980 , Helga Teiwes Photographer This exhibit is composed of 109 photographs of the Tohono O ' odham people taken by Arizona State Museum photographer Helga Teiwes during the years 1970 - 1980 . The exhibit is arranged into eleven themes and covers arts and crafts , traditional practices , customs , and way of life . Town of Carefree , Arizona This collection documents the creation of the town of Carefree , the business lives of its founders ( K.T. Palmer and Tom Darlington ) , its battle for incorporation , and the everyday activities of its residents from inception to the present day . Cave Creek Museum Town of Marana History This is a collection of photos and oral histories that represent Marana from the 1930s to the present . The images represent the agricultural significance and community efforts that provided an exceptional quality of life . The oral histories describe cotton farming , the Marana Unified School District , and the 1977 incorporation , among many wonderful stories about growing up and raising a family in Marana . Town of Marana Trading Post Families of Winslow This collection offers images of the rugged individuals and families who operated trading posts on the remote tribal lands around Winslow . Starting in the 1880s , over a dozen families with ties to Winslow worked at nearly 30 locations throughout the region and established unique relationships with Navajo and Hopi artists and families . Tucson High School Memories 1906 - 1939 The Tucsonian annuals , 1906 - 1939 , are important to Tucson ' s history because THS was the city ' s only high school for 50 years ( 1906 - 1956 ) . The vast majority of schools in the Tucson Unified School District are named for Tucson High faculty and graduates from this era . The yearbooks provide insight into the community ' s cultural heritage . Tucson High Magnet School / Tucson High Badger Foundation Tucson Museum of Art Historic Block Homes - A Window on Bygone Days This archive consists of photographs and research into the 5 historic homes that comprise the block , and the families that lived in them : La Casa Cordova ( Gabino Ortega and Navarrete Cordova families ) , the Edward Nye Fish House , the Leonard Romero House ( Romero and Rambaud families ) , the Hiram Stevens House ( Stevens and Duffield families ) , and the J . Knox Corbett House . The archive was created in the 1970s and early 1980s by Museum Curator Bettina Lyons O ' Neill ; the documents here are a small selection of Tucson Museum of Art Research Library Tucson Museum of Art , A History - Posters , Print and Photographs from the Library Archives How did Tucson open itself up to the larger world of art ? When was the Tucson Museum of Art founded ? What exhibits did it show ? How did the public respond ? This collection contains publicity posters ( " broadsides " ) , photographs , exhibit invitations , and newspaper articles documenting the history of the Tucson Museum of Art . Tucson Museum of Art Research Library Tucson Territorial Pioneer Project This collection of over 100 images of early Tucson and Southern Arizona pioneers is the result of a collaborative effort by the Arizona Historical Society , the Arizona State Genealogical Society ( ASGS ) and the Afro - American Historical and Genealogical Society ( AAHAS ) Tucson Chapter . The three organizations teamed up for a Library Services Technology ACT ( LSTA ) grant in 2008 to encourage collaboration between the institutions and to improve access to genealogical resources . Tucson ' s January 8th Memorial Foundation - Remembering the Tucson Tragedy January 8 , 2011 is a day seared into memory of our community , our state and our nation . The shootings that occurred at U.S. Congresswoman Gabrielle Giffords ' " Congress on your Corner " event in Tucson wounded thirteen and killed six individuals who were participating in a fundamental act of democracy . On Saturday morning , Jan . 8 , 2011 , at 10 : 10 a.m. , a young man shot nineteen people who were gathered at the Safeway store on the corner of Ina and Oracle in northwest Tucson to talk with their congresswoman about Tucson ' s January 8th Memorial Foundation University of Arizona Poetry Center - Celebrating 50 Years This collection traces the story of the University of Arizona Poetry Center from its modest beginnings in two Highland Avenue cottages to its permanent home in the award - winning Helen S . Schaefer Building . As the Poetry Center celebrated its 50th anniversary , its current and former leaders looked back at the Center ' s history in a series of essays collected in The University of Arizona Poetry Center : Celebrating 50 Years . That volume is reproduced here , together with photographs and reproductions of artifacts from the Poetry Center ' s institutional archives . University of Arizona Poetry Center USS Arizona Silver Service Collection The Arizona Capitol Museum is home to the silver service that was donated to the USS Arizona by the citizens of this state in 1919 . This service is comprised of 59 distinct pieces on display at the Capitol Museum . Documents associated with the service are located in the Arizona State Archives . Video Histories of Arizona Jewish Residents The collection of Video Histories of Arizona Jewish Residents consists of short video interviews of notable Jewish residents in the Greater Phoenix area . Important subjects such as Anti - semitism , family life , business , religion , and the vitality of the Phoenix Jewish community are discussed in the interviews . Subjects share memories which span from Arizona ' s admittance to the Union up until the collection ' s creation in 2008 - 2009 . This collection was produced by the Arizona Jewish Historical Society with funding from the Jewish Community Foundation of Greater Phoenix . Additional Views of Old Morenci and Metcalf Old Morenci and Metcalf mining townsites were located on the eastern border of Arizona from 1870 - 1984 . Morenci was originally known as " Joy Camp " ( after Captain Miles Joy ) . In 1882 , " Joy Camp " was renamed " Morenci " by William Church , head of the Detroit Copper Company . Metcalf was named after Robert and James Metcalf , two pioneer copper miners . Through 1932 all mining was underground . Open pit mining began in 1937 when Morenci was moved to Plantsite . By 1983 , old Morenci was completely gone Greenlee County Historical Society Vintage Poetry Center Posters Throughout the 1960s and 1970s , University of Arizona visual art students collaborated with the Poetry Center to create silkscreen publicity posters for Poetry Center readings . Former Poetry Center Director Richard Shelton initiated a student competition to produce designs for these posters ; the winning design for each reading was selected by the Poetry Center staff , produced by a professional lithographer , and distributed widely . The resulting posters are colorful , exuberant , and frequently emblematic of the times . The Voices of the Cienega Watershed The Voices of the Cienega Watershed is a collection of oral histories and images of the people and places of the Cienega Watershed in southeastern Arizona . This collection showcases the Cienega Watershed , including the viewpoints of the individuals who work , live , or appreciate the special qualities . It is a collaborative effort of these individual partner institutions : Amerind Foundation ; Cienega Watershed Partnership ; Colossal Cave Mountain Park ; and the Empire Ranch Foundation . Cienega Watershed Partnership Walter Runke Collection 1901 - 1903 This collection contains images taken by Walter Runke at the short - lived Blue Canyon School when he was there from 1901 - 1903 . Images are of the physical buildings , students , school employees ( Runke , Nettie Morris , Laura Williams , others ) , school activities , Blue Canyon , Navajo and Hopi people , Hopi villages , and Navajo textiles . Watercolor Paintings of Maricopa Pottery from the Arizona State Museum These 102 watercolor paintings depict Maricopa pottery from the Arizona State Museum ' s Smurthwaite Collection . The watercolor paintings were completed by unknown artists employed by the Works Progress Administration in 1939 . The watercolors are on lightweight matboard . The pottery showcased in the paintings was purchased by the Arizona State Museum from Caroline Smurthwaite and Burridge D . Butler in March 1938 . Western Ways Features Company Photographs The Western Ways Features Company Photographs were selected from over 22,000 photographic prints and negatives contained within the Western Ways Feature Manuscript and Photograph Collection , ca . 1930 - 1970 . The images include localities and landscapes throughout Arizona and Northern Mexico . Why Arizona Why Arizona ? is an online collection of materials describing the history of migration to , from and within Arizona . Materials are derived from special collections of Arizona State University , the University of Arizona and Northern Arizona University . Why Arizona ? appears with the generous support of Institute of Museum and Library Services funds distributed by the Arizona State Library Archives and Public Records , and it is designated an official Arizona Centennial Legacy Project by the Arizona Historical Advisory Commission . Arizona Universities : Northern Arizona University , Arizona State University , and University of Arizona William P . Jones Collection The William P . Jones collection is a small series letters dating from 1860 to 1867 . William Jones was born to Porter Jones and Elizabeth Jenkins Pendleton in 1837 , and was listed in the Arizona census of 1864 . As a young man , Jones traveled first to Virginia , California , then to Aurora , Nevada Territory , and finally to the Hassayampa , Arizona Territory , where he worked in the mining industry . The letters home to his family in the east detail Jones ' travels , work , and day - to - day Williams , Arizona Historic Photo Collection This collection of photographs depicting the early days of Williams is a collaboration between the Williams Public Library and the Kaibab National Forest . It features photos of local ranching , logging , railroad activity , people and places of Williams . City of Williams Public Library Writers of the Purple Sage - Origins of a National Myth In 1983 the Tucson Public Library ( now the Pima County Public Library ) , in cooperation with the Arizona Historical Society and funded by a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities , produced Writers of the Purple Sage : Origins of a National Myth . The purpose of this project was to examine how the Southwest was viewed by popular writers between 1875 and 1925 , and investigate what effect the written portrayal of their perceptions may have had on the actual development of the region . The project produced four resource kits intended for use by Yavapai College Creative Arts Magazines Since 1979 Yavapai College has produced an annual publication which highlights the creative efforts of its students ' writings ( stories , poems , and essays ) , photography , paintings , illustrations , ceramics and sculptures . Yavapai College ' s student population covers a broad age group from teenagers to senior citizens . A variety of topics and themes are covered some of which include Arizona , Yavapai County , family , relationships , and more . Also included is a 1977 creative arts publication from the Verde Valley Campus , Clarkdale , Arizona . Yavapai College Year of Pluto This collection celebrates the Year of Pluto . Clyde Tombaugh discovered Pluto at Lowell Observatory in 1930 , and 2015 marks the flyby of NASA ' s New Horizons spacecraft . The collection contains letters , calculations , photographs and documents that illustrate the history of the search for Pluto , its discovery , and the subsequent public excitement and fascination . Lowell Observatory Archives Yuma Climate Records This collection contains PDF versions of daily weather reports of territorial Yuma from the mid - to late - 1880s . These entries were the work of the Signal Service U.S.A. United States Army Signal Corps , whose work was the precursor and foundation of the now National Weather Service ( NWS ) . These weather reports contain information on an array of topics ranging from natural phenomenon such as sunrises , sunsets , and weather ( wind , cloud , rain , sandstorms ) to effects of weather on transportation , information regarding station inspections , issues with cleaning | [
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http://azmoney.fun/ | Welcome to Paid advertising viewing system The AzMoneyfun company offers you to earn money on viewing ad units and attracting referrals Watch commercial advertising and we will credit up to 10 cents to your account for an ad unit display Attract referrals and get 50 from their earnings transferred to your account It seems to be the most profitable offer on the market of paid advertising at the time Your earnings are practically unlimited and depend on the time you spend in front of your PC Working on the average 35 hours a day you can get paid from 50 to 300 or even more to your account All earned funds are saved in the personal account of the employee and are paid to your bank card or electronic account upon the request in your account within 1 hour To get answers on frequently asked questions follow the link Also you can ask your questions and read the Feedback of our users TOP 50 on earnings for 06012019 Username Earned on viewing Earned on referrals Earnings for a day Status 1 Haidyhelal 31280 15405 46685 Paid out 2 mustafa3887 31600 15020 46620 Paid out 3 abd 31500 14905 46405 Paid out 4 dannikom 31570 14715 46285 Paid out 5 ryudan2 30670 15570 46240 Paid out 6 logo23 30440 15570 46010 Paid out 7 Zazy2001 30920 15055 45975 Paid out 8 Elyasri 30110 15475 45585 Paid out 9 prince40 31220 14315 45535 Paid out 10 NIMAGO 30600 14580 45180 Paid out 11 edward13 31490 13530 45020 Paid out 12 xjzikx 31560 13335 44895 Paid out 13 Amide10 31350 13490 44840 Paid out 14 maro12 30410 14130 44540 Paid out 15 fuadmifta 29030 15450 44480 Paid out 16 gemy22222 30080 14255 44335 Paid out 17 Mhamd55 28490 15705 44195 Paid out 18 khalladt 29380 14580 43960 Paid out 19 casas56 28890 14730 43620 Paid out 20 nordin45 28870 14710 43580 Paid out 21 Eman00908 28170 15380 43550 Paid out 22 Hghg 31830 11575 43405 Paid out 23 fdshi135775 30030 13335 43365 Paid out 24 TRESIN145 30580 12410 42990 Paid out 25 Alimabrouki 29590 13265 42855 Paid out 26 mariofabrice 30170 12495 42665 Paid out 27 Ayefi3 27540 15100 42640 Paid out 28 Kokoomar 30440 12120 42560 Paid out 29 mbare86 28810 13690 42500 Paid out 30 AUDREY42 27580 14910 42490 Paid out 31 cbnsdndu 31170 11295 42465 Paid out 32 Ahmedf 26850 15610 42460 Paid out 33 ssaaaxx 30710 11550 42260 Paid out 34 laamiem03 26520 15735 42255 Paid out 35 Ganna55 29640 12575 42215 Paid out 36 Alipe 26410 15740 42150 Paid out 37 handri 31810 10130 41940 Paid out 38 KEKEKE_5454 28570 13345 41915 Paid out 39 Faisal2014 28710 12700 41410 Paid out 40 Engy20172018 27390 14005 41395 Paid out 41 Abdalah4 26670 14705 41375 Paid out 42 Imane93 30630 10740 41370 Paid out 43 thman3000 29980 11335 41315 Paid out 44 Abdo_tarek 30990 10100 41090 Paid out 45 072310583j 30430 10510 40940 Paid out 46 Abdoua12 26770 14145 40915 Paid out 47 Tresor2010 31290 9620 40910 Paid out 48 0711788535 26950 13955 40905 Paid out 49 eelmahiba 27290 13475 40765 Paid out 50 abdoafaq 31060 9560 40620 Paid out Register and earn | [
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http://aztacos.com/ | Westaco , Inc . / Mas Bells , LLC is a franchisee of Taco Bell , the nation ' s leading Mexican - inspired quick service restaurant . Taco Bell was founded in 1962 by Glen Bell and has grown to nearly 7,000 restaurants in the U.S. and there are thousands more outside of the U.S. Taco Bell is one of the brands operating under YUM CORPORATION , a publicly traded company on the NY stock exchange . Based in Scottsdale , Arizona , Westaco Inc . / Mas Bells LLC owns and operates 47 Taco Bell restaurants . We are the second largest Taco Bell franchisee in the Phoenix metro area . We also have locations in Maricopa , Casa Grande , Gila Bend and Flagstaff . Several of our locations are multi - brand restaurants that combine Taco Bell with Pizza Hut or Long John Silvers . Westaco , Inc . / Mas Bells , LLC is owned by individuals who have worked in and operated Taco Bell restaurants for over 30 years . We value our employees and consider them vital to our success . If you are ready to start your career , we have training progams that are tailored just for you . We want you to start with us and stay with us , so if you are ready to grow your career , we offer advancement opportunities and career growth . We are always looking for individuals who want to deliver great food and outstanding customer service . With locations throughout the state , we should have just the right opportunity for you . You can search openings and here | [
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http://azto.org/faqs/ | FAQ Print this Page General Information Student Information Donor Information What is the Original Individual Private School Tuition Tax Credit ? What is the PLUS ( Private Learning Uplifting Students ) Credit ? What is a School Tuition Organization , STO ? Does the AZ Department of Revenue certify STOs ? What schools are eligible for tuition awards from AZTO ? May we recommend a school ? What is the Original Individual Private School Tuition Tax Credit ? The Original Individual Income Tax Credit Program encourages Arizona Income Taxpayers to be directly involved in improving education in Arizona by re - directing their state income tax to organizations like AZTO that provide educational scholarships to participating private school students . For tax year 2018 , individuals are entitled to a 100 % dollar - for - dollar credit against their Arizona income tax owed , up to $ 1,138 per married couple or $ 569 per individual . AZTO then disburses tuition awards to students at participating private schools in Arizona . This tax credit program , implemented Back to top What is the PLUS ( Private Learning Uplifting Students ) Credit ? In 2012 , Arizona implemented an additional education credit , the PLUS Credit . This credit is designed to help new students to attend private schools that may not have otherwise had this educational opportunity , uplifting students in Arizona . For the tax year 2019 , after the maximum donation ( $ 1,138 for married couples and $ 569 for individuals ) is met under the Original Tax Credit , all additional donations are automatically directed to the PLUS Tax Credit . You can donate an additional amount up to $ 1,131 for married couples and $ 566 for Tuition Tax Credits 2019 Original Credit Maximum 2019 PLUS Credit Maximum 2019 Tuition Credits Maximum Married Jointly $ 1,138 $ 1,131 $ 2,269 Individual $ 569 $ 566 $ 1,135 Tax Forms 323 / 301 348 / 301 323 / 348 / 301 Back to top What is a School Tuition Organization , STO ? Does the AZ Department of Revenue certify STOs ? A School Tuition Organization ( STO ) is one that is tax exempt under Section 501 ( c ) ( 3 ) of the Internal Revenue Code and allocates at least 90 % of its annual revenue to tuition awards and makes its tuition awards available to students from more than one qualified school . AZTO has historically allocated over 92 % of revenue received . AZTO is audited annually by an independent accounting firm and annually reports to the Arizona Department of Revenue ( AZDOR ) with statute required reports . The AZDOR certifies all school tuition organizations that What schools are eligible for tuition awards from AZTO ? May we recommend a school ? AZTO participates with the following schools : Northwest Christian School , Bethany Christian School , Flagstaff Christian School , Joy Christian School , North Valley Christian Academy , Paradise Valley Christian Preparatory , Scottsdale Christian Academy , and Trinity Christian School . You may recommend a specific student or you may recommend a school without having to choose a specific student . Donor recommendations are optional and are only one factor of several for award consideration . These questions and answers are not intended to provide individuals with tax or legal advice . Interested persons should consult the Arizona Department of Revenue , the IRS , or their tax advisor for specific guidance relative to their particular tax situation . Additional information may be obtained from the AZDOR | [
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http://azurrestaurant.com/ | Make a reservation Welcome to Azur Restaurant & Patio An innovative restaurant that offers truly unique cuisine , excellent service and European ambiance . We pride ourselves as being different by serving the freshest food with the highest quality ingredients ( local whenever possible ) . Our full service spirits center flows from the interior to the exterior , right into the patio . Our talented culinary team , led by Executive Chef Jeremy Ashby , creates the most innovative menus and our wait staff delivers exceptional service . The AZUR experience is not limited to the restaurant , we are able to handle your catered events as well MENU View our varied dishes and drinks RESERVATIONS Reserve your dining experience today ABOUT US Find out more about us Meet Our Chef Local celebrity Chef Jeremy Ashby is a native of Kentucky . He received his culinary degree from Johnson & Wales University in Charleston , South Carolina in 2000 . After pursuing additional training and experience ( including working with renowned chefs Donald Barickman and Norman Van Aken ) in Charleston and Miami , Executive Chef Ashby returned to his Kentucky roots . Read More Reviews โ My husband and I celebrated our 4 year wedding anniversary as this was recommended the place to do so . We were very happy with the accommodations as they put rose petals on our table to replicate our very first date . The service was wonderful , the live music was great , and the food was awesome ! My husband thought that his fillet was the best he had ever had in Lexington . He also thought the wine selection was impressive as well . I highly recommend Azur as a place to take guests from out of Urbanspoon More Urbanspoon Reviews โ Seriously , food orgasms are real . If you ' re not lactose intolerant and not worried about your cholesterol , may I recommend the lobster crepes with some white wine ? I also asked the waiter to add a little spring mix with balsamic on the side , which he happily agreed to , and I was in food heaven . Ridiculously delicious . โ Yelp More Yelp Reviews โ Executive Chef Jeremy Ashby prepares surprising and unique dishes using local ingredients and a wide range of influences . In addition to the standard menu , the specials are always worth checking out . The decor is simple and modern , and the staff is laid back , friendly and professional . The most exciting food in Lexington ! As an added bonus AZUR ' s patio is great in almost any weather ! Good music is a plus too . โ Zagat | [
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http://b-bops.com/ | New Location - Now Open Visit our newest location in the Jordan Creek area view this location New Location - Now Open Visit our newest location in the Jordan Creek area view this location Now B - Bop ' s is More Than Just Drive - Thru You may know B - Bop ' s as a drive - thru restaurant , but now we have multiple dine - in locations as well . At B - Bop ' s , you can either roll down your windows and enjoy the carefree music of an era gone by or sit in our retro dining area to be surrounded by a golden era . The wait is never very long at B - Bop ' s , so you probably wo n ' t even get to hear more than a song or two . We have drive We have indoor seating at our Fleur Mills Civic and Altoona locations . Learn More | [
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http://b-gay.com/chris-evans-gay/ | Gay Buzz Gay Video Is Chris Evans Gay ? Your browser does not currently recognize any of the video formats available . Click here to visit our frequently asked questions about HTML5 video . Chris Evans has been voguing and done โ Single Ladies โ on The Ellen Show . But is Chris Evans gay ? Well , this is our take on the issue . Seeing super sexy Chris Evans shirtless is a sight for straight women , gay men โ and probably quite a few others โ alike . The actor has starred in blockbuster movies like Captain America , The Avengers and the Fantastic Four . So obviously a lot of people are having questions about the sexuality of this perfect speciment of a man . So , is Chris Evans gay , or at least bi ? Related : Is James Franco Gay ? Sorry , guys . Unfortunately , Chris Evans is probably not gay . He seems like the kind of hottie that flirts with everyone , male or female , and does n โ t really care what anybody thinks . And the fact that he โ s so gay friendly is no coincidence , because he has confirmed that his brother Scott Evans is gay : โ Yes , I do have a gay brother . I โ m down with the gays . Mostly I โ m hanging out with him and his gay buddies , who are f * cking hilarious . They โ re the funniest people I know . They โ ve invited me out to gay bars before , and I said , โ Look , guys , I โ ve got to draw the line there . โ That โ s where a photo will get taken , it will run in magazines , and before you know it , scottevansgram 76k followers View Profile scottevansgram 429 posts ยท 76k followers View More on Instagram Comment Save 5,206 likes Add a comment . . . Instagram In a interview with The FIX , Chris Evans discussed how having a gay brother and sisters helped him โ cultivate compassion and understanding โ for people with identities that differ from his own . โ I โ ve never felt any sort of backlash or friction as a result of the stance I โ ve taken in my career in support of [ my brother ] or any other human rights โฆ hopefully , it stays that way going forward , โ said Evans . โ It โ s important to understand , whether it โ s growing up with women , whether it โ s growing up with other ethnic groups , it โ s important to experience anything different from what you know , โ he continued , โ to encourage and cultivate compassion and understanding . โ โ Growing up with women helped me , but growing up in the theater helped me , growing up in a progressive community helped me . I think it โ s really important to put faces to the situations that we โ re navigating as a society . โ Chris Evans went on The Ellen Show to promote his new film , Captain America : Civil War , and also managed to raise funds for charity by showing off his hot bod . And he โ s been more than happy to tease his audience with his close to perfect body at several occasions . Just take a look at this hot video compilation : Your browser does not currently recognize any of the video formats available . Click here to visit our frequently asked questions about HTML5 video . But does that make Chris Evans gay ? I would love to be wrong on this one , but I really do n โ t think so โฆ TAGS Captain America Chris Evans Fantastic Four Marvel Scott Evans 10 COMMENTS Rafaelea August 23 , 2016 at 10 : 14 pm It should be noted that like Chris Evans , Brad Pitt has been the subject of gay rumors for many years . Reply konkrypton October 21 , 2016 at 5 : 49 am Straight guys that are comfortable flirting and hanging with gay guys are so hot . Their comfort level and joking with us is the way things OUGHT to be . Reply Charles March 21 , 2018 at 12 : 22 am I woodlike to say He โ s Gay but he has to say it . i like what i see mmmmmm good AlanR May 8 , 2017 at 9 : 31 am I agree with konkrypton , having taken work colleagues to the Gay Village in Manchester . One guy , when I advised him to only take a half pint of lager , in a particular bar ( had a fuck swing in corner ) , was determined to have a pint . Then , when he saw other guys eyeing him and noticed the swing , started to feel a bit uncomfortable . But we just went on to another bar and he was perfectly happy . His name was Tony . Richard Saldana September 25 , 2017 at 9 : 28 am I would like to take his brother on a date ! Is he single ? Stan September 28 , 2017 at 10 : 11 am Yes , I think he is single : - D pscheck2 January 20 , 2018 at 6 : 12 pm I will concede that he is str8 , for IMHO ) , it seems improbable that two siblings would be gay in a family . Having said that , I kind of think his interview , regarding this question , was somewhat contrived . Why ? Well , I โ m gay and have been around the mile track , many times and his description of gays being hilarious and the funniest people alive is a tad over the top ! And not wanting to go to a gay bar for fear he will be tagged , gay is absurd Celtic_Warrior June 10 , 2018 at 5 : 58 pm I met a family years ago with THREE sons , each of whom turned out to be gay . christian March 5 , 2018 at 12 : 28 am I do n โ t have the slightness interest In his sexuality . I adore his everything โ s ! Celtic_Warrior June 10 , 2018 at 6 : 01 pm Chris is super HOTTTT . But , I do understand his reluctance to stay out of gay bars because of the paparazzi and how they would play with that one ( no pun intended ) . His brother Scott is equally as hot . Chris has all the right stuff in all the right places . Kudos , Chris ! | [
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http://b2evolution.net/web-hosting/top-quality-best-webhosting.php | Web hosting selection One of b2evolution ' s core principles is that you get full control over your website . This also means we recommend that you choose and use your own webhosting . This way , you also retain the freedom to move your site to a different place whenever you see fit . That being said , with hundreds of web hosting companies offering all kinds of hosting plans , it has become challenging to find balance between price features performance and support . On this page you will find a selection of well rounded hosting plans which we recommend for hosting b2evolution as well as any other web site including blogs , forums , galleries , CMS pages as well as e - commerce / shopping carts built with PHP + MySQL . We have collected a metric ton of data on all major web - hosting providers and we have carefully analyzed it . This lead to the following Top 10 . 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However , studies have shown that if your home page takes more than 10 seconds to load , visitors will start to abandon your site . On this top 10 , we restricted our selection to companies capable of delivering professional speed & quality hosting services . Our process for selecting , evaluating and ranking web hosting companies and their offers includes : Reputation . We have reviewed all well known web hosting companies as well as the ones suggested by our users . Please use our feedback form to submit your own suggestions . Popularity . We have reviewed all the web hosting companies frequently used by b2evolution powered sites . Speed . For our web hosting reviews , we set up private test sites in order to verify the specs beyond the ads . In many instances we also have public hosting test sites ( you ' ll find them in each review ) , where you can also check for yourself how responsive the host is while browsing through a typical modern blog / CMS site . Reliability & uptime . 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http://babayagafolkmagic.blogspot.com/2016/03/court-case-work.html | Baba Yaga Wednesday March 2 2016 Court Case Work There are many spiritual works that can be done to support a person through various court case issues and litigation It is possible to affect the outcome of a case in this way Many rituals are employed to sway the judge to rule in your favor sweeten or confuse a jury bind the tongues of witnesses slow down or postpone litigation inhibit the opposing attorney make him seem a bumbling fool enhance the abilities of your representing attorney make him convincing and charming make your own words eloquent and compelling attract empathy and compassion etc Each case is different and The Honey Jar The first thing to do when dealing with a court case is make a honey jar The names of the judge and your supporting attorneys basically anyone that could help you with your case should be placed in the honey jar This is a simple yet powerful way to influence and sweeten the key players in your case A honey jar is a small jar filled with honey and name papers It is kept in a safe place where candles can be burned directly on top of them on a daily or weekly basis Honey jars are a great tool for sweetening people and situations Herbs are sometimes added to the honey Jar depending on the circumstances To make a basic honey jar you will need 1 Small Jar baby food jars or jam jars pimento or caper jars work well A Name Paper specific instructions to follow below Honey to fill the jar Herbs are optional You will find a list of herbs to use for court case work below Candles to burn on top of the jar A tea light candle a white or brown 4 altar candle or a white or brown 6offeratoryhousehold candle are ideal choices Assemble the jar by placing the name papers inside the jar followed by the herbs if any then fill the jar with honey and place the lid tightly Keep the jar in a safe place where you can burn a candle on top of the lid regularly The Name Paper The name paper is a very powerful item for use in many spiritual works It has a strong influence on the person targeted and can be used to direct their actions maneuver situations and affect their attitude Heres how to make a basic name paper Start with a piece of brown paper bag or parchment Carefully crease and tear the paper into a square approximately 3x3 or 4x4 Make sure than none of the edges have been cut with scissors or machinery Using a pencil not a pen write the full name of the person you intend to influence Write the name 7 times making seven lines as if you are writing a list like this John William Doe John William Doe John William Doe John William Doe John William Doe John William Doe John William Doe Dont worry if you do not know the middle name but use it if you have it After that you will turn the paper a 14 turn to the right clockwise and write your own name 7 times across the previous name This forms a grid placing you on top of the other person Then you want to fold the paper in half Make sure to fold towards you not away from you as you are attratracting positive influence over this person Turn the paper a 14 turn to the right and fold again towards you Now the name paper There are many other applications for name papers In regards to court case issues please note the following uses A name paper can be placed in your left shoe prior to meetings hearings or any discussions even phone conversations you will be having with the target individual or groups of people Doing this puts you on top of the situation and the effects are dramatic A name paper can be made for yourself with your name as the primary name and a desirable word or phrase such as good luck and success or victory is mine can be written across your name to attract a positive outcome This paper can be placed in a small red flannel bag mojo and supplemented with appropriately selected herbs The making of a mojo and its many uses are the topic for subsequent articles But essentially you can place your name paper and herbs in a red flannel bag and carry it in your pocket for success A name paper can be used to stop someone from talking As in the case of witnesses or gossips The ritual is quite involved and utilizes a beef tongue This too is a topic for a subsequent article Name Papers can be frozen to halt people from taking action against you Read further to see how to freeze name papers in a freezer spell Freezer Spell Any time someone is working against you filing a lawsuit sending you to collections causing conflict stalking gossiping harassing etc You want to make your first defensive move with the freezer spell The freezer will essentially freeze your enemies and slow them down so you can buy some time to get on top of them To perform a simple freezer spell you will need A name paper as described above A zip lock baggie or ice cube tray Water A freezer When writing a name paper for the freezer you want to omit your own name Write the persons name that you want to freeze 7 times as instructed above But instead of writing your own name across it you will write a command such as Cease and desist or Freeze in your tracks This time when folding the paper you want to fold way from you Folding towards you attracts while folding away from you repells Turn the paper a 14 turn to the right clockwise and fold in half again away from you Place the folded name paper in Herbs Now you have 3 very simple yet powerful tools to help you through your troublesome times I will give you one more useful bit of information Below is a list of herbs that are notably useful in court case work Typically in spiritual works herbs are used in combinations of 3 5 7 9 or 11 For court case work I recommend 3 or 7 Calamus Root Calamus is used to put you in control of others It is a key ingredient in commanding and dominating spells I like to add it to my court case works to give my clients the upper hand It can be placed in a mojo with your name paper and carried with you on your person or prepared as a bath to be taken in the morning before a hearing Calendula Flowers These flowers of the marigold family are used to influence people in court case situations and win their favor Add these to your honey jar mojo or bath for luck in the court room Cascara Sagrada Is used to attract good luck in the court room Add it to your honey jar mojo or bath and burn the herb as a smudge the night before you appear in court Deers Tongue Leaf This herb is used to make a persons words eloquent and convincing Add some to the honey Jar for your lawyer or put some in your mojo or bath to sweeten your own tongue Licorice Root Licorice is often used in conjunction with Calamus root It is potent for influencing others by convincing and compelling them to change their minds in agreement with you Add this to your honey jar mojo or bath Little John Root Chewing John or Galanal If you can find fresh Galangal in the Asian supermarket buy it Take some pieces with you to your court appearance and chew on it as if it were gum Your words will be more convincing and the judge will look favorably upon you Some spiritual workers swear that if you spit a little on the court room floor you will win your case Mustard Seed Black These little black seeds are used to disrupt activities and cause chaos to the illintentions of meddling people Add some black mustard seeds to your mojo and to your freezer spell Poppy Seeds Poppy seeds can be employed to dominate and weaken your enemies while confusing a situation These may also be added to a mojo or the freezer spell Tobacco Tobacco is used to win court cases and influence people near and far Add tobacco to your honey jar mojo or bath Also burn some the night before you appear in court The making of mojos and spiritual baths are topics to for further discussion But I have laid out some basics here Please follow my blog for more indepth information on effective spiritual works I wish you the best of luck with your court case Posted by Baba Yaga at 206 PM Email This BlogThis Share to Twitter 2 comments LilSarah Starr August 1 2018 at 707 PM Wow this is great informationthank you Unknown September 23 2018 at 1042 AM What kind of tobacco Older Post Subscribe to Post Comments Atom About Me Baba Yaga I am Baba Yaga a Mayombe priestess spiritual consultant tarot reader palm reader and folk magic artist I offer divination services coupled with advice and effective spiritual solutions for the problems you are facing right now Whether you are experiencing troubles with Finances Employment BossCoWorkers LegalCourt System LoveMarriageRelationship Bad Luck GossipSlander SocialStatus Enemy Attack PsychicSpiritual Attack etc Baba Yaga will help you work your magic and turn your situation around Each consultation is tailored to your specific individual needs to provide Deep insight Counsel for positive change and wise decision making Hope for the future and Guidance with spiritual advice View my complete profile Blog Archive 2016 1 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http://baby2see.com/development/week12.html | Week Twelve : Fingernails and toenails appear You are 12 weeks pregnant . ( fetal age 10 weeks ) The fetus is now about 2 5 inches ( 6cm ) length and weighs about 0 7 ounce ( 20 g ) . The feet are almost half an inch ( 1cm ) long . The fetus starts moving spontaneously . The face is beginning to look like a baby ' s face . The pancreas is functioning and producing insulin . Fingernails and toenails appear . The baby can suck his thumb , and get hiccups . From this week you may well be able to hear the baby ' s heart beat through a doppler monitor on your tummy . You will notice that the rate is up to 160 a minute , double that of a normal adult . Your baby now has a chin and a nose and a facial profile . Vocal chords are complete , and the baby can and does sometimes cry silently . The brain is fully formed , and the baby can also feel pain . The fetus may even suck his thumb . The eyelids now cover the eyes , and will remain shut until the seventh month to protect the delicate optical nerve fibers . The hair is on the head and the fingers and toes have developed soft nails . The kidneys are developed and begin to secrete urine . Your browser does not support the video tag . The 12 weeks scan [ 10 weeks fetal age ] above shows a very active fetus . The mother who can not feel these movements ; belly laughs , as she looks at the screen and can see her tiny baby kicking out . The nuchal translucency ( NT ) 12 week scan is a routine ultrasound examination carried out at 10 to 14 weeks of gestation . Most NT ultrasound scans reveal a healthy and normal baby , or sometimes multiples . A standard prenatal ultrasound exam usually takes about 20 - 30 minutes . Your baby weighs between 0 5 and 0 7 ounce ( 14 to 20g ) , and crown - to - rump length is almost 2 5 inches ( 63mm ) . Your baby ' s size has almost doubled in the past 3 weeks . Week by week : First trimester ultrasound scan pictures : Week 12 < < < Week 11 | Month 3 | Month 4 Week 13 > > > Enjoy - First class FREE shipping anywhere in the world . Boy or Girl ? Gender prediction test Week By Week Pregnancy Calendar First Trimester Week 1 Week 2 Week 3 Week 4 Week 5 Week 6 Week 7 Week 8 Week 9 Week 10 Week 11 Week 12 Week 13 Second Trimester Week 14 Week 15 Week 16 Week 17 Week 18 Week 19 Week 20 Week 21 Week 22 Week 23 Week 24 Week 25 Week 26 Third Trimester Week 27 Week 28 Week 29 Week 30 Week 31 Week 32 Week 33 Week 34 Week 35 Week 36 Week 37 Week 38 Week 39 Week 40 โ Top โ Main Pages Home Ovulation Planner Duedate Calculator Fetal Development Pregnancy Timeline Baby Names Exercise in Pregnancy Boy or Girl ? Pregnancy Bookshelf Mother & Baby Stores Baby Extras Baby Names Baby Naming tips Baby Naming Trends Top World Names Top Names Search Decades Top Names Pregnancy Exercise Kegel Exercise : - - Pelvic floor Exercise Healthy Beginnings When am I fertile ? Pregnancy Weight Gain Months ? Weeks ? Days ? Trimesters ? Boy or Girl ? Gender Prediction Tool Names Search Enter a name or word that appear in its meaning : External Links Rainbow Arch Scripts | [
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http://babyandbump.momtastic.com/baby-club/317524-did-your-baby-discover-their-feet.html | When did your baby discover their feet Discussion in ' Baby Club ' started by Nickij Apr 25 , 2010 Nickij Mum of 2 Joined : Mar 9 , 2009 Messages : 1,512 Likes Received : 0 I was just wondering as several of Jack ' s " friends " most of which are younger than him , play and seem fascinated by their feet . JAck takes not notice of this except to make splashes in the bath . So I know its not a competition etc etc , but should he be playing with his feet ? # 1 Apr 25 , 2010 oct - bump Well - Known Member Joined : May 26 , 2009 Messages : 1,027 Likes Received : 0 I think Elle noticed them around 5 months . Before then , she did n ' t seem to notice them at all . One day I thought it was odd and played patty cake with her feet while changing her . That seemed to turn on a switch . She started playing with them immediately . Some babies are obsesed with feet , btw . My nephew used to take poeples socks off to chew on their feet . Some babies like feet more then others . I would n ' t worry about it . You could try sitting him on your lap with nothing on his feet and without any toys . See if he goes for his feet . # 2 oct - bump daniandbaby Pregnant - expecting Apr 12 , 2009 1,108 kye was about 4 - 5 months and he is one of the children that love feet he chases me around the house trying to bitie my toes laughing hystericlly lol # 3 daniandbaby Raven24 mum Mar 28 , 2009 2,322 will was about 4 months old he has never liked anything on his feet though and i think this made it easier for him to find them now he spends most of the day chewing on his feet lol maybe your lo isnt into his feet i guess they are not all the same # 4 Raven24 OmarsMum Well - Known Member Moderator Jan 4 , 2010 19,589 12 wks . He refuses to wear shoes as he loves to have his feet bare , to raise them up & look at them when he ' s moving his toes . He can take off his shoes & socks since he was 12 wks by rubbing his feet together until he succeeds to take them off . Now when he ' s taking a bath he catches his floating duck with his feet then bends his knees to bring it close to his hands edt : Omar has better control on his feet & legs than his hands . Babies r different . # 5 OmarsMum lorna84 mummy to Emilie : ) ) May 20 , 2009 1,965 Emilie started playing with her feet about a week ago # 6 lorna84 Vicks Dec 26 , 2008 2,892 Joe only found his about 3 weeks ago and now ca n ' t stop playing with them ! # 7 Vicks Cattia Jan 11 , 2009 8,208 nmwb78 said : โ 12 wks . He refuses to wear shoes as he loves to have his feet bare , to raise them up & look at them when he ' s moving his toes . He can take off his shoes & socks since he was 12 wks by rubbing his feet together until he succeeds to take them off . Now when he ' s taking a bath he catches his floating duck with his feet then bends his knees to bring it close to his hands edt : Omar has better control on his feet & legs than his hands . Babies r different . Click to expand . . . Abigail does this too , she has been obsessed with her feet for a couple of weeks but just like nmwb says , she is much more a ' legand foot ' baby than a hand and arm baby . She does n ' t have much upper arm strength with tummy time at all . I also wonder if the fact that she has incredibly long legs has anything to do with it , it ' s so easy for her to get hold of her feet when her legs are in the air ! # 8 Cattia Lucy Lu Nov 9 , 2008 1,524 our LO was between 4 and 5 months when he first noticed them and then just steadily kept getting more and more into playing with them until he can now bring both of them right up to his mouth ! - i would n ' t panic tho , they ' re all so different . our LO has only just learnt to roll all the way onto his front and he ' s only done that once as well ! plus he ' s not sitting up unaided yet but sure he will get there in the end ! # 9 Lucy Lu ( You must log in or sign up to post here . ) Share This Page Tweet | [
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http://babyandbump.momtastic.com/breastfeeding/1579445-can-keep-my-boobs-big-after-breastfeeding.html | Can I keep my boobs big after breastfeeding ? Discussion in ' Breastfeeding ' started by iphonebaby Dec 11 , 2012 iphonebaby Well - Known Member Joined : Nov 28 , 2012 Messages : 56 Likes Received : 0 Hi guys , 2 questions . # 1 . I want to breastfeed really bad , but I ' m worried about my boobs shrinking and sagging . . .I ' ve always been an A so I ' m pretty stoked about maybe going up a size . Is there anyway to keep what I gain ? What if I continue to pump even after the baby is off breastmilk ? I just have a feeling that ' ll be unhealthy after so long . . . # 2 . No breastfeeding related . I ca n ' t seem to view most recent posts very well . All the posts on this site last for like 2 days then new ones come up ? ? Am I missing something ? ? # 1 Dec 11 , 2012 socitycourty Guest I BF for 2 months , I was a 38DD before pregnancy so I was actually worried about being too big , but it really did n ' t happen . They were huge when the milk finally came in . Then after a couple weeks they seemed to regulate and only seemed huge if I was engorged like if she missed a feeding . I stopped BF after 2 months and I weaned her slowly over a week , I was engorged and uncomfortable for a couple days and then back to normal . I was n ' t really worried about my boobs after BF but I was just looking at myself yesterday and they look exactly like they did prepregnancy / BF . # 2 socitycourty armywife11 Mom to Two Joined : Mar 26 , 2011 Messages : 3,488 Likes Received : 0 Im under the understanding that the breast post baby is all genetics . I have friends who did n ' t breast feed and still had saggy boobs . My sister in law breast fed four babies and she still had perky boobs . I had a DD and I am still a DD they are bigger when I am full but I do n ' t stay full long due to nursing and my body regulating . When they are full they hurt like heck ! I have also know people who staid a bigger size and those who did n ' t . I have no clue about pumping post weaning . It could mess with your cycle but i do n ' t think its unhealthy . # 3 armywife11 AriBerri Well - Known Member Aug 21 , 2012 189 Pumping postpartum for however long should be fine health wise . Otherwise there would never have been wet nurses ! Everything else , I ca n ' t really help you with except to say I think I heard its all genetics too lol # 4 AriBerri kajastarlight Number 3 on the way ! Dec 5 , 2012 5,223 Yep genetics . And from what my lactation consultant told me your boobs grow while pregnant and in some people after their milk comes and goes the boobs will return to pre - preggers size and some wo n ' t , some will sag and some wo n ' t but it will happen regardless of breastfeeding . Lol about pumping forever to maintain a bigger size - I kicked around that very idea myself with DS1 ! So funny to know I am not the only one ! # 5 kajastarlight jd83 Mom to 2 beautiful boys ! Aug 28 , 2011 8,200 Its def different for everyone . I have some friends who had small boobs before kids , and ended up getting to keep the bigger boobs , and I also have friends who went back to normal size . I am kind of in between . After breastfeeding my first , they went down some , but not completely back to normal size . So I got to keep a little bit , which was nice # 6 jd83 ( You must log in or sign up to post here . ) | [
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http://babyandbump.momtastic.com/formula-feeding/1932225-difference-between-stage-1-2-a.html | what is the difference between stage 1 & 2 ? Discussion in ' Formula Feeding ' started by Clarabell543 Jul 20 , 2013 Clarabell543 Expecting # 2 Joined : Jan 30 , 2012 Messages : 1,220 Likes Received : 0 Hi ladies . . I am using stage one sma for my lo and was told stage one is fine for her to stay on and that stage two is n ' t necessary . . what is the difference with stage two ? Why do they reccomend to stay on stage one ? Thanks in advance x # 1 Jul 20 , 2013 Expecting # 2 Joined : Jan 30 , 2012 Messages : 1,220 Likes Received : 0 Bump ? # 2 Louisey80 Well - Known Member Jan 3 , 2012 803 I ' ve just changed to stage 2 sma , think its pretty similar , says on the tin stage 2 compliments a weaning diet ! But either is fine to use for however long you see fit # 3 Louisey80 Jul 21 , 2013 charlotteliz Well - Known Member Jan 20 , 2010 324 It ' s all a marketing ploy , v naughty really . Just up the ounces of 1st stage # 4 charlotteliz Sep 21 , 2013 ( You must log in or sign up to post here . ) Share This Page Tweet | [
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http://babyandbump.momtastic.com/labour-birth/1739865-ob-suggested-nipple-stimulation-induce-labor-questions.html | Ob suggested nipple stimulation to induce labor ? - Questions ! Discussion in ' Labour & Birth ' started by schneiderkm1 Feb 19 , 2013 schneiderkm1 Member Joined : Jan 28 , 2013 Messages : 16 Likes Received : 1 I am a day short of 36w , but if I do n ' t deliver by week 37 my OB wants to induce me . He suggested trying a few natural ways to induce labor until then . My OB suggested nipple stimulation , which he said to do for an hour every three hours . Said each time I do it I should spend 15 minutes on each side , and repeat until it ' s been an hour . I tried it for the first time last night , it was pretty effective in the sense that it made my uterus contract quite a bit during the hour I did it . The contractions were strong , they would start in my back and move along toward my sides and finally down toward the front , I ' m just not sure that my body is ready to go into labor in the first place , and I believe it will only work if the baby is ready . I have also been using Evening Primrose Oil since last night , since my OB believes it could ripen the cervix , making effacement easier for labor . I just feel so skeptical about the whole naturally inducing labor thing , but I guess it ca n ' t hurt to try as long as my OB okay ' d it , right ? 1 ) Do you feel that trying this helped jump start you into labor ? 2 ) How many days did it take before it actually started labor ? How far along were you ? 3 ) Did your uterus start contracting only 5 minutes into the first time you tried ? 4 ) Had your cervix been checked before you started trying it , and then again after you had tried a few days ? Had it helped progress your dilation / effacement at all ? # 1 Feb 19 , 2013 ccmummy Well - Known Member Joined : Feb 26 , 2012 Messages : 2,374 Likes Received : 0 can i ask why they wont you to go into labor befor 37wks ? ? # 2 ccmummy Feb 20 , 2013 Member Jan 28 , 2013 16 1 LO is already over 9 1 / 2 lbs ! They said no diabetes though so that ' s good # 3 Feb 21 , 2013 Well - Known Member Feb 26 , 2012 2,374 0 Wow thats big haha # 4 Feb 21 , 2013 lynnikins Dec 19 , 2009 16,090 that is just an estimated weight hun no scan measurements are 100 % accurate and often weight can be off by 1 / 2lb - 1lb either way , 9 1 / 2lb isnt so big anyway my smallest was still over that size # 5 lynnikins Feb 22 , 2013 i no what ur sayin but thats big to me haha as mine r only small babys haha # 6 Feb 22 , 2013 Clarabell543 Expecting # 2 Jan 30 , 2012 1,220 I tried allsorts when i was overdue . . bathing in lavendar and clary sage , nipple stimulation , bouncing on my birthing ball , staying active , spicy food , i had sweeps from midwife , everything that was safe i tried . . i ended up being induced at 42 weeks and even then it took three days and finally an emcs to get her out lol . She was just too comfy . I really thought these things would help and i used to get mild contractions but they did nothing . Now i really believe that # 7 Clarabell543 Feb 23 , 2013 NaturalMomma Dec 11 , 2010 2,612 There is no way they can tell you how big your baby is , that is actually a common scare tactic so they can induce early . Your baby could likely be 6 lbs , and is more likely around that at only 36 weeks especially without diabetes . Inducing at 37 weeks with the excuse of big baby is not recommended . Research shows that women should not be induce prior to 39 weeks , even in the case of a big baby due to gestational diabetes . You ' re not ready , which is why you ' re not in labor . Nipple stimulation can cause uterine exhaustion or hyperstimulation of the uterus because you ' re making it contract when it should n ' t be . I would highly recommend getting a second opinion because a 9 lber at 36 weeks is extremely rare . I would also decline an induction . If you had other children and they were small babies then saying you ' re having a 9 lber this time is probably way off . Also , your size does n ' t indicate how big of a baby you can push out . Many 5 feet petite women push out 10 + babies without even a tear . It is your pelvic size that matters , and your pelvis expands in childbirth . # 8 NaturalMomma Feb 23 , 2013 brunette&bubs Mommy to James Jul 22 , 2010 5,014 I agree with Natural Momma . Having a 9lb baby at 36 weeks is not common . Your baby would be like 13 lb at full term . Not normal ! I would wait on the nipple stimulation . Just take evening primrose oil like you have and let your body do the rest . You ' ve still got time hun Get a second opinion on that weight too # 9 brunette&bubs Sproglet Mar 14 , 2012 3,300 Hi , I successfully but accidentally induced myself using nipple stimulation - I was expressing colostrum for baby as I had gestational diabetes , and my waters broke . I do n ' t recommend it . Labour was extremely painful and slow - when I arrived at hospital 2 hours after my waters broke I was 1.5 cm dilated . After 4 hours of extremely painful labour ( I could n ' t walk or talk through contractions ) I made it to 2cm . Which is crazy when you think normally you are n ' t considered in # 10 Sproglet Butterfly89 Mama of 1 Jul 18 , 2011 1,617 I did it at 40w3d and started contractions about an hour later . I tried it at 38 weeks for 2 mins on , 3 off for about half an hour , nothing . But that time I did 3 mins on , 2 mins off for one hour . I would be cautious too . . I had a 36 hour labour with irregular , really painful contractions and a super fast progression after my water broke even though LO was stuck on my hip . I ca n ' t say 100 % it was what started it # 11 Butterfly89 Mar 8 , 2013 mo0nangel Cautiously expecting Jan 12 , 2013 333 Stimulating the nipple sends a message to your brain to release oxytocin ( oxytocin in its synthetic form called Pitocin is what doctors use to speed up labor / contractions ) which causes contractions and therefore could induce labor . # 12 mo0nangel Mar 9 , 2013 ( You must log in or sign up to post here . ) Share This Page Tweet | [
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http://babyandbump.momtastic.com/pregnancy-first-trimester/276844-fetal-movement-7-weeks.html | fetal movement at 7 weeks Discussion in ' Pregnancy - First Trimester ' started by julie1987 Feb 15 , 2010 julie1987 Well - Known Member Joined : Nov 8 , 2009 Messages : 362 Likes Received : 0 I knew the title would get people looking lol . . .I think im going mad , i was layin in bed last night just thinking as couldnt sleep and i felt a weird sensation in my belly i thought i was feeling things and yet again more so i put my hand on my tummy and i could feel something inside but not on my hand so i push my hand a bit firmer down and i felt summit . .Not kicks or anything but you know when the baby just moves about ? . .I know people will # 1 Feb 15 , 2010 lauralora Well - Known Member Joined : Jul 21 , 2009 Messages : 3,940 Likes Received : 0 sorry hun it deffo wouldnt be the baby . at the moment bubz is soo tiny . . . probably your uterus or something you felt , lots of weird things going off . . ! xx # 2 lauralora mmoon1 Nov 7 , 2008 217 You know what this is my 2nd baby and id bloody swear im feeling it already madness eh ? ? # 3 mmoon1 NickyT75 RIP Sophie my angel Jan 7 , 2008 17,839 You are probably just more aware of things ( such as muscle twitches ect . . . ) as you know you are pregnant hun but its not possible to be feeling your baby move yet as its so tiny and floating in the amniotic fluid so not even touching the sides of your womb I know I used to imagine I could feel little flickers early on but im guessing its just wishful thinking as we are so excited about our babies growing inside us ? xx # 4 NickyT75 Nov 8 , 2009 362 I kinda felt i was going insane as i know how tiny he / she is . . # 5 grundle Feb 4 , 2010 53 Lol maybe your growing a little superman ! Hes only the size of a pea but hes bashing around in there : O ) I ' m 7 weeks too . . . Wishing for my symptoms back . Crazy ! ! ! xxx # 6 grundle I got no sysmptoms really , odd ache and pain and feel horribly stuffed up , nose feels constantly blocked and cant sleep . .But no sickness ect . .I dont feel pregnant atall , i have to keep talking about it to make it seem kinda real . .I think OH thinks i go on too much lol # 7 Jul 21 , 2009 3,940 i hardly felt any symptoms in first tri . . . i started to feel abit sick around 8 weeks , nothing major though , i never threw up or anything xx # 8 Kaitybug Oct 4 , 2009 514 Well , I have been feeling twinges and thought it could be the baby , but my doctor dashed my hopes today and said it could n ' t be yet , but I say , you never know . Maybe you are feeling the baby . You know yourself better than anyone else # 9 Kaitybug Feb 16 , 2010 Kelly9 Mar 8 , 2009 34,492 Baby would only be involuntarily twitching at 7 weeks if even that . Sorry but def is n ' t baby yet . You ' re just super in tune to all the stretching maybe ? # 10 Kelly9 Feb 16 , 2010 trumpetbum 2 girls . .boy on the way . Dec 16 , 2009 3,396 It ' s too early just now for actual movement but i did read that at an early stage you may feel cramping and also twinging in pregnancy . # 11 trumpetbum ( You must log in or sign up to post here . ) | [
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http://babyandbump.momtastic.com/pregnancy-second-trimester/206014-much-do-babies-sleep-womb.html | How much do babies sleep in the womb ? Discussion in ' Pregnancy - Second Trimester ' started by Miss_Bump Oct 16 , 2009 Miss_Bump Well - Known Member Joined : Oct 14 , 2009 Messages : 7,435 Likes Received : 0 I was just wondering if anyone knows how much they sleep when in the womb ? im 13 weeks and just intrested Thanks xx # 1 Oct 16 , 2009 new mummy h First little princess ! ! ! ! Joined : May 23 , 2009 Messages : 2,521 Likes Received : 0 not sure , but when they do its only up to 40 mins at a time or sumthing ! lol x # 2 new mummy h EternalRose Well - Known Member Jun 30 , 2009 5,760 My midwife said its 40 mins asleep , 40 mins awake on a constant loop . .xx # 3 EternalRose pinkclaire Mummy to two under 2 Aug 21 , 2009 7,635 mine is 5 mins asleep , 55 mins awake on a loop ! lol . Although I just think my baby is a wriggler , probably wriggling in his or her sleep ! # 4 pinkclaire bekkie Mommy Due Sept 20 Aug 11 , 2009 4,469 feels like mine never sleeps - constantly kicking or rolling lol # 5 bekkie Embovstar Mummy to Isaac 23.04.10 Jul 3 , 2009 2,293 the sonographer said 20 mins at a time . . . . . Who knows Nicola xx # 6 Embovstar Beany1 Oct 5 , 2009 130 Ohh now I ' m doing a happy dance because I timed my little one and it ' s between 30 and 40 mins sleep and up to the same awake on and off , now I ' m feeling all clever and scientific , see and they say we ' re daft when preg lol # 7 Beany1 Mummy to Isaac 23.04.10 Jul 3 , 2009 2,293 hehe thats brilliant beany . . .how far along are you ? I ca n ' t wait to be able to feel my baby ! Nicola xx # 8 ( You must log in or sign up to post here . ) Share This Page Tweet | [
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http://babyandbump.momtastic.com/pregnancy-second-trimester/893705-can-kiss-my-baby-if-have-cold-sores.html | Can I kiss my baby if I have cold sores ? Discussion in ' Pregnancy - Second Trimester ' started by sparklythings Feb 28 , 2012 Page 1 of 3 1 2 3 Next > sparklythings Guest Hi I am sort of new to the forum . I read a lot of posts but rarely post myself . I started to try for a baby at the same time as my sistyer and last month I found out I was already 8 weeks along . I kept getting dark positve opks even after the day I thought I was ovulating and decided to test . Well now my sister is extrememly jealous I think . Today she has told me that I can not kiss my baby on the face or lips ever when its born because # 1 Feb 28 , 2012 Jslyn9996 Guest I wouldnt let other ppl with cold sores kiss your baby . . But my mom is the queen of coldsores and she wouldnt let them stop her from kissing me when I was a baby . . And to this day I dont get them . . Id ask your dr . as that would probably be the truest . But I honestly think she was trying rain on your parade . Idk im no expert but I thats my opinion # 2 Jslyn9996 vintagecat Mommy to Penelope ! Joined : Jan 11 , 2012 Messages : 2,102 Likes Received : 0 Your sister is weird , no offense . As with any person who is sick , as in has a cold , flu , or cold sore . . .Kissing your baby on the mouth will make your baby become sick . It ' s an infection and it ' s better to be safe than sorry . My mom did n ' t kiss me on the lips as a baby . It was always on the cheek or the top of the head . Another reason to not kiss on the mouth is due to the bacteria in your mouth . It can give your baby I think if you know your health well and take care of yourself , baby will be safe . Just using caution while the baby develops their immune system is probably for the best . That being said , I ' ll probably sneak a few kisses , but be kicking myself if he / she catches anything from me . http : / / www . babycentre . co . uk / baby / health / coldsores / http : / / www . selfgrowth . com / articles / dont_kiss_your_baby_on_the_mouth . html # 3 vintagecat daydreaming22 Well - Known Member Joined : Mar 11 , 2011 Messages : 1,680 Likes Received : 0 Its very rare for the virus to transmit when you do not have an active outbreak . It is possible to shed the virus without a sore . .but VERY rare . If you dont have a sore you will be fine , kiss away ! I would refrain while you are having an active outbreak though . If you have any questions ask your doc hun ! # 4 daydreaming22 scarlett_s Well - Known Member Jan 14 , 2012 186 Your sister is being mean and hurtful . I would avoid kissing the baby if you have an active cold sore as yes this can spread it to others but if you have no cold sores then go ahead and kiss your baby . My mom also gets cold sores but she never kisses us or my DS when she has them and neither me or my sister or any of the grandkids have coldsores . # 5 scarlett_s Thanks girls . Even though cold sores are not pleasant and I would never want to give them to my baby I am more worried about the way they could affect my baby ' s overall health . There are so many hororr stories online about what happens to babies kissed by those who have cold sores . Some kids die and other kids end up mentally disabled . I ' ve been crying all night at the idea that my child will grow up with no kisses from mommy . I do n ' t know if I ' # 6 socitycourty You can still show your baby love even without kissing them if you have a cold sore . Do n ' t let your sister get to you . It ' s better left as a question for your doctor . and congratulations ! # 7 socitycourty socitycourty thank you . Its just so hard to know that if I kiss my baby I could kill him or her or give them coldsores forever . Online it says I ca n ' t kiss my baby anywhere not even on the hands . What do other moms with coldsores do ? # 8 Avalanche Nov 29 , 2009 6,282 My Oh gets cold sores , just do n ' t kiss your LO when you have an active one . That ' s the only precaution you need to take , do n ' t worry . # 9 Avalanche Avalanche just looking at your avitar picture made me cry again . I do n ' t want to take the chance because what if I ' m a shedder ? That ' s how people get the virus is from other people who do n ' t know they have it because they shed and do n ' t have other symptoms of it . This is such a terrible virus . I ' m just so upest right now I can barely even breathe # 10 lilpeeps You CAN kill your baby if you have a cold sore and kiss your baby . It happened recently however as long as you dont kiss your baby when you have an outbreak you will be fine . Take lots of lysine ! # 11 lilpeeps Lilpeeps unfortunately what you and my sister say is correct . Its what I ' ve been reading online and I can pass it to my baby without an outbreak . It took me 11 months to get pregnant and the last thing I want to do is kill my baby with a kiss . Its going to be hard . I ' m just devasted hearing this news . # 12 Dont worry I get them too and Ive never passed it to my husband so if you ' re careful you will be ok . I seriously doubt you will pass it on if you kiss her when you dont have an outbreak . It sux I know how you feel but I take Lysine every day and havent had an outbreak for years . as you get older the outbreaks lessen as well . # 13 sapphire20 Olivia & Alex < 3 Aug 28 , 2008 1,485 It ' s highly unlikely to pass it to your baby when you dont have an active cold sore , if that was the case you would always be worrying and that ' s silly , my daughter did n ' t catch the cold sore virus as a baby but when she was two years old and no one we know has cold sores and she didnt go to nursery or a child minder so she picked it up from some other way than kissing ! All you can do is not kiss your baby when the cold sore # 14 sapphire20 Sapphire that ' s exactly what I mean . You can pass it to someone even if you do n ' t get outbreaks . Because how else did your little one get it ? That ' s how its passed around . From people who do n ' t know they have it because they do n ' t get outbreaks . You ladies are so kind . Lilpeeps thank you for being so sympathetic I really needed it I ' m such a mess right now . I wonder if I can wear those pads that cover them when I get one after LO is here . Funny that you said her because I think I ' m having a her too . # 15 Ran Feb 7 , 2012 434 Do n ' t kiss them when you actually have a cold sore , no , but if you do n ' t have one then it ' s fine . I ' ve never heard of not being able to kiss a baby ever . Do you have a link to this information ? A well - researched one , not just frightened people ? I read about a death in the papers where the mother kissed the baby with the remnants of what she thought was an old cold sore - it was n ' t . I ' ve never passed the virus to my husband in over ten years , nor my son . It is n ' t passed if your lips are fine and you do n ' t currently have an outbreak . # 16 Ran deafgal I would n ' t do it . if you have active cold sore , he could get it too . even if he have been exposed . doctors would recommend you not to touch your eyes and such after touching your cold sores nor pick at it because it can spread . same with kissing your child . some children ca n ' t tolerate cold sores very well . # 17 deafgal Tink84 Mummy to 1 Nov 14 , 2011 1,145 I agree with others do n ' t kiss your baby when you have an active outbreak . Not sure of the truth etc in it but I know lots of people who never kiss a baby on the lips . Not sure of the real reason but they ' ve often said it can spread germs etc to the baby . I too have only ever kissed babies on the cheek or forehead . Also rather than listen to your sister why do n ' t you seek medical advice on this and get the true facts . Also I would avoid google as you ' ll always get horror stories but they may just be that and not have the real truth and facts behind them # 18 Tink84 Just to let you know , because you have been exposed to cold sores or HSV - 1 before pregnancy and developed antibodies for it , it actually a good thing because the antibodies passed to your child give your child a better chance to fight it off if he was ever exposed to the virus ( at least for 6 months , I think ? ) . Beside a lot of people have been exposed to HSV - 1 and their child turn out fine . http : / / www . optiderma . com / en / they - talk - about - it / skin - articles / do - most - people - get - cold - sores . html http : / / health . nytimes . com / health / guides / disease / herpes - simplex / print . html http : / / emedicine . medscape . com / article / 964866 - overview Still , if you have active sores , I would avoid sharing and kissing . if your sores is inactive , it should be fine but I would still avoid kissing on the mouth or eyes or sharing utensils ( sp ? ) or food . as you never know you are about to have an outbreak ( first sign of tingling ) . Plus , other bacteria ( especially those that can speed up teeth decay and gum diseases ) and viruses you could share # 19 Mamie Mum of 2 Feb 24 , 2009 225 I am not trying to scare you , but I would consult your doctor . My cousins little baby was only 3 weeks old when someone with a coldsore kissed her . She ended up in intensive care for 6 weeks , very very ill with swelling in her brain due to the virus . I do n ' t have cold sores so I do n ' t know enough about it , but I do know that my little niece was incredibly ill . What others have said about ' active ' coldsores may be true . Your # 20 Mamie ( You must log in or sign up to post here . ) Page 1 of 3 1 2 3 Next > Share This Page Tweet | [
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http://babyandbump.momtastic.com/pregnancy-third-trimester/299212-does-3-5-engaged-actually-mean.html | what does 3 / 5 engaged actually mean ? ? Discussion in ' Pregnancy - Third Trimester ' started by Smiley Lou Mar 24 , 2010 Smiley Lou Well - Known Member Joined : Aug 31 , 2009 Messages : 768 Likes Received : 0 Hi All , The title says it all really . What does 3 / 5 ths actually mean ? I am 35 weeks on Friday and wondering if this is good , too early , doesnt matter . . . . etc thanks # 1 Mar 24 , 2010 Naya69 Well - Known Member Joined : Feb 14 , 2008 Messages : 3,812 Likes Received : 0 it means the midwife can only feel 3 / 5 of babys head so your nearly half way to being engaged which is good as my baby was engaged at 37 weeks x # 2 Naya69 muddles Mummy of 2 . Aug 17 , 2009 2,951 In my antenatal notes in the column where it says ' relation to brim ' my mw wrote NE ( not engaged ) at 28 and 32 week apps then on Monday at 34 week app she wrote 3 / 5 which she said means 2 / 5 engaged and that she could feel 3 / 5 of the head . So basically if your notes say 2 / 5 in the ' relation to brim ' column it means 3 / 5 of your baby ' s head is engaged and 2 / 5 is still free . I read in another post that baby ' s usually start to engage between 33 and 36 weeks but some do n ' t engage until labour actually starts . # 3 muddles ( You must log in or sign up to post here . ) Share This Page Tweet | [
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http://babyandbump.momtastic.com/pregnancy-third-trimester/430197-many-calories-do-you-eat-daily.html | how many calories do you eat daily ? Discussion in ' Pregnancy - Third Trimester ' started by spiritualbaby Oct 5 , 2010 spiritualbaby Well - Known Member Joined : Jun 23 , 2010 Messages : 135 Likes Received : 0 ive lost my appetite and also a pound force myself to eat at least 2000 calories a day . . .is that enough ? how much do you ladies eat ? # 1 Oct 5 , 2010 gemabee proud single mum to finn Joined : Jun 3 , 2010 Messages : 3,853 Likes Received : 0 have n ' t got a clue . . . i do n ' t really pay attention to calories sorry . xx # 2 gemabee Soos Mommy ! Mar 9 , 2010 1,425 i do n ' t count either , sorry . . . # 3 Soos kattsmiles : ) Apr 22 , 2010 1,384 I was eating around 1200 calories only before I got pregnant . I was overly health conscience and was trying to maintain my weight . Now it varies between 1700 - 2000 . Once in a while I will completely eat everything in sight though , probably when bubs is having a growth spurt . Do n ' t worry about it # 4 kattsmiles julietz Well - Known Member Apr 20 , 2010 1,596 Me neither i dnt rly care if i have more , as long as my baby is getting a good source of vitamins form the food i eat , and grows nicely . Il wry bout my weight afterwards lol # 5 julietz chocolate Oct 9 , 2009 2,006 he he , I bet some days I do 3000 lol . I think about 2000 would be a good amount for my size - 1700 for my pre - pregnancy size and then 300 needed in final trimester for bubs . # 6 chocolate Lotti1978 MC @ 7 weeks - Angel Oct09 May 27 , 2009 695 I dont know either . . . .some days Im hungry and others I can hardly bare to eat much and have to force myself . . . .been told baby will still take what she needs # 7 Lotti1978 Jun 23 , 2010 135 thanks for your help ladies . . i guess i am just worried because we have a doctor friend and when he found out that i was eating 2000 calories a day he was like . . . . ARE YOU NUTS YOUR BABY WILL NOT MAKE IT YOU NEED AT LEAST 2500 ! ! well the 2500 had me gaining about 8 pounds a month ! ! so i cut it down a bit and then started losing weight . . i guess i just have to find a happy median . . . # 8 SweetFramboiz Aug 28 , 2010 403 I used to count calories b4 i get pregnant but no more just trying to eat healthy . . . .If you start counting calories while pregnant its gonna drive you mad U should try having small quantities at many times during the day like fromage frais ( if you like it ) try soups ( nice and healthy ) Try having stuffs easy to eat . . . And if you just dont feel like eating dont force yourself i dont think it would be good for you or baby # 9 SweetFramboiz Mrs IKW Mar 6 , 2010 1,660 I used to try and stick to 1200 if trying to lose a bit of weight before I was pregnant and maybe 1400 if staying the same . . . Now I reckon I probably have 2,000 calories a day on an average day - if Im going out for dinner then its probably a bit more and then on other days if Im fancying lots of fruit etc then it might be less . . . To be honest Im not worrying about calories at the moment in the slightest - Ill be dieting / healthy eating once LO is safely here ! # 10 Mrs IKW xprincessx Mum to 4 beauties < 3 Feb 21 , 2010 12,922 im not sure what i eat really as i never count them and it varies by what i eat each day . I ' d say you ' re eating enough though hun x # 11 xprincessx you know what i think the prob is we are on a tight budget and so dont eat out maybe its not the food but all the work that comes along with it that is ruining my appetite ! ! # 12 Crannog Apr 27 , 2010 789 spiritualbaby said : โ thanks for your help ladies . . i guess i am just worried because we have a doctor friend and when he found out that i was eating 2000 calories a day he was like . . . . ARE YOU NUTS YOUR BABY WILL NOT MAKE IT YOU NEED AT LEAST 2500 ! ! well the 2500 had me gaining about 8 pounds a month ! ! so i cut it down a bit and then started losing weight . . i guess i just have to find a happy median . . . I would n ' t agree with your doc friend on this . Afterall women in famine stricken countries go on to have perfectly healthy weight babies , as their babies take everything they need from the mother ' s bodies . # 13 Crannog Sweetbabygirl Mom to 1 and pregnant 48 I see a dietitian for gestational diabetes and I am on a 2000 calorie diet . I do n ' t always eat 2000 I find it hard for me , I try though . # 14 Sweetbabygirl thanks sweetbabygirl that makes me feel better ! i think if we are ever lucky enough to have a second ill see a dietician too # 15 bubbywings Mar 17 , 2010 471 I do n ' t count them sorry hun . # 16 bubbywings Farie Mar 30 , 2008 9,841 No idea I ' m afraid , I ' m guessing it differs greatly day to day as some days I ' m hungry and eat like a horse and other days I pick like a sparrow and do n ' t want much . I try not to worry about it to be honest , my weight gain is in the normal ranges so i see no reason to stress . # 17 Farie ( You must log in or sign up to post here . ) Share This Page Tweet | [
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http://babyandbump.momtastic.com/pregnancy-third-trimester/729575-water-breaking-color.html | Water Breaking - what color ? Discussion in ' Pregnancy - Third Trimester ' started by heaven Sep 8 , 2011 heaven Mommy of 2 Beautiful Girl Joined : Feb 1 , 2011 Messages : 1,445 Likes Received : 0 What color is your water when it breaks ? ( have n ' t had nookie today , so I know its not from that ) I had milky liquid run down my leg earlier today and had braxton hicks strong all day . Too early for labor ( 25 wks . ) so I hope its ok . # 1 Sep 8 , 2011 tiggertiger Mum to four Joined : Apr 14 , 2011 Messages : 548 Likes Received : 0 it should be clear defo dont milky you might have an infection hun but i cant be sure maybe you should see doc just incase good luck hope your ok # 2 tiggertiger Samantha675 Maybe baby # 3 ? ! ? Sep 14 , 2007 8,121 Mine was clear and just the slightest tiny bit pink . # 3 Samantha675 Caezzybe Mummy to Logan & Jasmine Feb 11 , 2010 791 Samantha675 said : โ Mine was clear and just the slightest tiny bit pink . Me too , exactly the same . It did n ' t smell of anything either . Perhaps the milky liquid is discharge ? I remember I had to wear a panty liner in the later stages of pregnancy last time as I had quite a lot of it . It ' s possible to have quite a lot of it in pregnancy . If in doubt , get it checked out by your doctor or midwife . # 4 Caezzybe xBabyGoose Well - Known Member Jun 6 , 2011 1,094 Sounds like you had a big bout of discharge ! In my mid 20 weeks i had sooo much it soaked my liners ( soooo sorry tmi ! ! ) . But give m / w a ring just to b sure # 5 xBabyGoose sun Mum of 3 Apr 18 , 2009 14,283 I would call the MW and check with her just to be sure . My water was clear . xx # 6 sun NashiPear Well - Known Member Jun 13 , 2011 350 Mine was clear like water and at first it did have a slight pink tinge . Never milky coloured , but ring M / W if you are at all worried so they can put your mind at ease or check you out if they think they need to . # 7 NashiPear luvmyfam Apr 9 , 2011 1,692 I had the exact same thing around 25 weeks and they tested it to see if it was amniotic fluid and it was just watery discharge . My doctor said your waters will be clear - if it drips into the toilet and it looks whitish then it is discharge . And I still have it . # 8 luvmyfam Blah11 รข ยผ Mummy to Amelie รข ยผ May 8 , 2008 39,741 Agree with the others , amniotic fluid should be clear . # 9 Blah11 Mommy of 2 Beautiful Girl Feb 1 , 2011 1,445 Thanks to all . Got checked out and they said I am fine . Nurse checked my urine , but did n ' t do the same strip test that I got last preg . to rule out amniotic fluid . The doc said I would have a lot more of it if it was true water breaking , like I peed myself . Usually my discharge is thicker , not like a paste , but thicker than a watery consistancy , so that was diff . for me . I change my panties three times a day right now ! But this was a gush of watery fluid , so I was concerned only later when I was having contractions closer together . I thought the two together meant something could be going on . Glad I am ok . # 10 Scarletvixen Expecting baby number 6 Apr 29 , 2011 988 Normally waters are clearif not it can indicate and infection etc sounds more like discharge xx # 11 Scarletvixen ( You must log in or sign up to post here . ) | [
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http://babyandbump.momtastic.com/pregnancy-third-trimester/891032-heightened-sense-smell-1st-tri-gender-related.html | Is heightened sense of smell in 1st tri gender related ? Discussion in ' Pregnancy - Third Trimester ' started by arj Feb 24 , 2012 Did you get a strong sense of smell in 1st tri ? What is the gender of your baby ? Strong sense of smell - Girl baby Strong sense of smell - Boy baby No difference in sense of smell - Girl baby No difference in sense of smell - Boy baby Multiple votes are allowed . Results are only viewable after voting . arj Well - Known Member Joined : Dec 2 , 2011 Messages : 4,474 Likes Received : 0 OK so I had an intense sense of smell with my 1st pregnancy . . . Girl baby . Second time , nothing what so ever . . . . Boy baby Third time ( now ) I have fraternal twins and dont know the sex , but had the smell thing again ! Did you get the increased sense of smell in 1st tri and what is the sex of your baby ? And to mothers who already have kids . . . Did you get it with both sexes ? Neither ? Once with a boy and then not again with a second boy ? Or similar with girls ? # 1 Feb 24 , 2012 megangrohl Mama to Lily ! Joined : Aug 10 , 2011 Messages : 6,389 Likes Received : 0 I had a strong sense of smell and I ' m having a girl but I really do n ' t think that is anything to do with the gender . It ' s hormones , and nothing more . Try not to take too much stock into all these gender myths and old wives tales . # 2 megangrohl firsttimer1 Well - Known Member Mar 29 , 2011 7,297 i had no increase of smell . . . but am team . . . so will post bk here when i know ! # 3 firsttimer1 Maple Leaf Guest I had an increase in smell in my first DD , not in my DSs and again in this pregnancy - this time round is a carbon copy of DDs pregnancy with hyperemesis etc but nope I ' m having a boy ! ! I would have bet my life savings on it being a girl before I found out at nearly 30 weeks . # 4 Maple Leaf mrsbw Mummy to one Aug 1 , 2011 578 My best friend had heightened sense of smell - Girl baby I noticed no change at all - Boy baby So maybe . . .x x # 5 mrsbw disney doll Jul 6 , 2011 1,389 I ' ve had dog nose my whole pregnancy . . . .team blue x # 6 disney doll DollPosse May 25 , 2010 2,275 I smelled everything and with both my first kiddo and this baby and they are both girls . # 7 DollPosse Dec 2 , 2011 4,474 I ' ll just update this and say that Im having twin boys , so obviously the two boys hormones = one girls hormones ! ! ! ( luck Im not having twin girls , I would have been smelling things in China ! ) lol # 8 May 22 , 2012 Rhiannon SAHM to Rhys May 22 , 2009 2,821 ive had it all the way through with both pregnancies and both boys ! x # 9 Rhiannon May 22 , 2012 NickyNack Mum of 3 girls , soon 4 ! ! Sep 29 , 2010 2,128 I ' ve had it twice and not had it twice lol . All four were / are girls Anyway , jeeeez you like a poll to yourself arj ! ! Lol x # 10 NickyNack LovingLimes Oct 20 , 2011 623 My sense of smell was ridiculous . . .everything made me gag when I would smell it . It was way worse than any nausea I had # 11 LovingLimes May 23 , 2012 jessicatunnel Jan 8 , 2012 3,840 I ' m not sure as this is my first baby , but in first tri my sense of smell was definitely heightened . Not a good thing when everything you smell makes you want to vomit . : / And I ' m having a girl ! # 12 jessicatunnel May 23 , 2012 Arisa Mummy to Summer Rose Aug 16 , 2011 2,588 I had a potent sense of smell in the first trimester and am having a girl # 13 Arisa minnieb Jul 7 , 2009 120 Have had seriously strong sense of smells in both pregnancies and both girls x ca n ' t wait to see what u have ! # 14 minnieb M&S + Bump M & S + Baby Joe = Family Aug 14 , 2010 3,996 I ' ve had it twice and both are boys ! # 15 M&S + Bump jenmcn1 Expecting baby # 4 : ) Sep 7 , 2011 5,849 I had major heightened smell when I was preggers with my son . Same with this pregnancy BUT we are team yellow ( we think we ' re having a girl ) # 16 jenmcn1 polaris Mother of two Jan 23 , 2009 8,106 Very heightened sense of smell last time and I had a boy . No real change in sense of smell this time round , we ' re team yellow but I think it ' s another boy . # 17 polaris Lara + sam + bump Dec 9 , 2008 1,207 First pregnancy no change in sense of smell , second pregnancy , crazy heightened sense of smell . Both boys lol , just think every pregnancy is different xxx # 18 Lara + sam + bump ( You must log in or sign up to post here . ) Share This Page Tweet | [
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http://babyandbump.momtastic.com/second-trimester-losses/858303-test-says-im-ovulating-have-sex.html | Test says I ' m ovulating . .when to have sex ? Discussion in ' Second Trimester Losses ' started by amanda83 Jan 20 , 2012 Page 1 of 2 1 2 Next > amanda83 Well - Known Member Joined : Dec 28 , 2011 Messages : 78 Likes Received : 0 I might be a woman but up until I lost my baby I knew very little about the female body . The first preganancy we just had unprotected sex and after a year I got pregnant . This time around I am a little crazy about getting pregnant so " when it happens it happens " attitude just is n ' t going to cut it . I bought ovulation tests and last night it showed that I am ovulating . We had sex last night and again this morning , how often should I be doing it ? Is twice a day too much ? And for how many days does it really matter ? Advice would be very welcome , thank you # 1 Jan 20 , 2012 Bride2b Well - Known Member Joined : Mar 22 , 2011 Messages : 1,760 Likes Received : 0 I think your doing ok with trying by the sounds of it ! BDing too much i.e twice a day isnt so successful so I read ( it makes sense - the argument is the quality of the sperm ) . I plan to follow SMEP , this is the general idea ; Try " every other night starting Day 8 Buy 10 ovulation predictor kit sticks Begin ovulation testing on Day 10 When test is positive , " try " that night , plus two additional nights in a row Skip one night , then do one last " try " Thats from here : http : / / www . pregnancyloss . info / sperm_meets_egg_plan . htm So I would say if you got a positive today . . .try today as you have , then Sat then skip Sun & try Mon . I personally think if you OV today & they say it can be fertilised up to 72 hours after the egg is released . I also read other time frames about how long the egg can be fertilized and it was a case of a few hours - not sure what to believe ? ! Overall just BD over the next few days & you should have just as good a chance as before xxx Good Luck # 2 Bride2b Hellylou Mum to 3 and 1 Angel Sep 9 , 2011 1,040 Hi , as far as I know I do n ' t think there can be too many times or too much . Once it ' s all in there it stays for several days , and the sperm can survive for up to 5 days I think ? As long as it ' s in there ready for the release of the egg , you ' ve got a good chance , so I think the idea is to BD as soon as the positive shows , and then as much as possible til the surge is over - I was also aware that I was about to ovulate by the CM , which I ' d been more aware of somehow since my loss . I know I ovulated quite early last cycle as I happened to use an OPK for the first time out of curiosity and it showed an almost positive on the day we BD ' d , and by the next day it was completely negative . It was quite early in the cycle too , so I may have had a positive the day before that but just did n ' t test Good luck for this cycle # 3 Hellylou Mar 22 , 2011 1,760 Oh & you BD yesterday which is great ! ! ! ! xx # 4 kiki04 A girl can dream . . . . Apr 11 , 2011 2,875 OK I have to ask though when you say it says you are ovulating . . . what exactly are you seeing ? With OPK ' s there may almost always be 2 lines . The two lines are always negative , no ovulation occurring unless both lines are the same darkness . OPK ' s can be very deceiving at the start trying to figure out what is positive and what is not . . . If you are using a digital and a smiley face showed up . . . then you ovulate within 12 - 36 hours # 5 kiki04 Dec 28 , 2011 78 kiki04 said : โ OK I have to ask though when you say it says you are ovulating . . . what exactly are you seeing ? With OPK ' s there may almost always be 2 lines . The two lines are always negative , no ovulation occurring unless both lines are the same darkness . OPK ' s can be very deceiving at the start trying to figure out what is positive and what is not . . . If you are using a digital and a smiley face showed up . . . then you ovulate within 12 - 36 hours Click to expand . . . THANKS ladies ! This helps a lot I am using the ovulation test with the two lines ( I got them at the dollar store lol ) , next month I have a fancy digital one to use , I wanted to use that this month but it was too late when I bought it . I read to only start it on day 5 of your cycle , at that point I was day 8 , so I will save that for next month ( if need be . . ) . Since I lost my baby my cycles have been far longer than before , my cycles went from 28 days to 34 days ! So I ovulated today on day 20 . Yesterday the test showed a fairly dark line but this morning it showed the same deep purple as the other line on the test , so I understood that to be a positive . Fingers , eyes , and toes crossed Thanks for the help . # 6 A girl can dream . . . . Apr 11 , 2011 2,875 If you ovulated on cd20 with a 34 day cycle . . . that is bang on actually . Gives you a 14 day LP I have a 31 - 33 day cycle and ovulated between 17 - 19 . I have a 13 - 14 day LP so even though you ov late , as long as your cycle is longer then its fine And if the two lines look the same darkness to you . . . . then I would say it was for sure an ovulation day ! ! ! # 7 Andypanda6570 3 Boys and an Angel Ava Nov 22 , 2009 6,280 I use the OPK with the smiley face , cause I can never see if the lines on the other OPK are dark or light . So when I see the smiley face that means 24 to 36 hours i will ovulate . A little info : They say the best time to get pregnant and when you are really fertile is 2 to 3 days before ovulation . I mean it ca n ' t hurt to even DTD on ovulation and the day after , but they say 2 days before you are really fertile and sperm can last 3 to 5 days . I usually ovulate on day 14 so i would DTD on day 10 11 and 12 . Good Luck # 8 Andypanda6570 Andypanda6570 said : โ I use the OPK with the smiley face , cause I can never see if the lines on the other OPK are dark or light . So when I see the smiley face that means 24 to 36 hours i will ovulate . A little info : They say the best time to get pregnant and when you are really fertile is 2 to 3 days before ovulation . I mean it ca n ' t hurt to even DTD on ovulation and the day after , but they say 2 days before you are really fertile and sperm can last 3 to 5 days . I usually ovulate on day 14 so i would DTD on day 10 11 and 12 . Good Luck Click to expand . . . Good to know ! What does DTD mean ? I have a hard time with the appreviations ALSO , I am set to get a memory tattoo next week on the 26th for Jaxon , I ' m so afraid this will affect me in the change that I conceived or will conceive next month . . .what is all of your opinions on tattoos while TTC ? ? # 9 amanda83 said : Andypanda6570 said : I use the OPK with the smiley face , cause I can never see if the lines on the other OPK are dark or light . So when I see the smiley face that means 24 to 36 hours i will ovulate . Good to know ! What does DTD mean ? I have a hard time with the appreviations ALSO , I am set to get a memory tattoo next week on the 26th for Jaxon , I ' m so afraid this will affect me in the change that I conceived or will conceive next month . . .what is all of your opinions on tattoos while TTC ? ? DTD = doing the deed . BD = baby dance . . . .there are a few that take some getting used to ! I ' m not sure about tattos when ttc , I personally wouldnt do it if I was in the tww . I have no idea if its ok or not but I just wouldnt . I ' ve considered getting my babys footprint on my tummy in the position he was sat in ( I still find I lay my hand there at night ) . I thought about getting it done on his due date ( 21st April ) but I hope to be preggo by then ( Please God let me be preggers by then xx ) if so I wont do it . I ' m a big chicken anyway and am really scared . But its only going to be tiny & I ' m sure getting a tattoo isnt as painful as being in labour ! What design are you getting ? xx # 10 Jan 21 , 2012 3 Boys and an Angel Ava Nov 22 , 2009 6,280 Bride2b said : amanda83 said : ALSO , I am set to get a memory tattoo next week on the 26th for Jaxon , I ' m so afraid this will affect me in the change that I conceived or will conceive next month . . .what is all of your opinions on tattoos while TTC ? ? DTD = doing the deed . BD = baby dance . . . .there are a few that take some getting used to ! I ' m not sure about tattos when ttc , I personally wouldnt do it if I was in the tww . I have no idea if its ok or not but I just wouldnt . I ' ve considered getting my babys footprint on my tummy in the position he was sat in ( I still find I lay my hand there at night ) . I thought about getting it done on his due date ( 21st April ) but I hope to be preggo by then ( Please God let me be preggers by then xx ) if so I wont do it . I ' m a big chicken anyway and am really scared . But its only going to be tiny & I ' m sure getting a tattoo isnt as painful as being in labour ! What design are you getting ? xx LOL . . I am an idiot > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > I thought DTD was doing the dirty Thanks for clearing that up , ya think I would know what it meant by now . . # 11 Jan 21 , 2012 Andrea # 12 Bride2b said : ) if so I wont do it . I ' m a big chicken anyway and am really scared . But its only going to be tiny & I ' m sure getting a tattoo isnt as painful as being in labour ! What design are you getting ? xx DTD haha , got it ! Now I just have to remember all of these . I feel the same about the tattoo , I do n ' t want to get it then be freaking out for 9 months in the chance that I get pregnant . I do n ' t want / need anymore stress than I need going into this one , lord knows it will be stressful enough . I have the picture of the design attached . It will also say his name and date of birth . I ' m getting it on the side of my rib cage next to my heart I love the idea for your tattoo , that will be so beautiful Such a nice way to remember our LO ' s . Attached Files : baby_feet . jpg File size : 27 KB Views : 4 # 13 kiki04 said : Andrea LOL , I know I ca n ' t believe I thought that xoxo DTD haha , got it ! Now I just have to remember all of these . I feel the same about the tattoo , I do n ' t want to get it then be freaking out for 9 months in the chance that I get pregnant . I do n ' t want / need anymore stress than I need going into this one , lord knows it will be stressful enough . I have the picture of the design attached . It will also say his name and date of birth . I ' m getting it on the side of my rib cage next to my heart I love the idea for your tattoo , that will be so beautiful Such a nice way to remember our LO ' s . I love the idea also and that tattoo is beautiful . I want to get one on my wrist that says Ava 3 / 3 / 2011 . xoxoox # 14 dancareoi 2 DS 2 DD 3 Angels Jan 16 , 2012 3,041 with my first it was a case of see what happens and luckily it happened straight away . with the second we tried the same and after 4 months nothing had happened . I bought an ovulation test and it worked straight away . With my 3rd in May 09 I used an OV test and again straight away , sadly MMC in July 09 . Used OV test again sept 09 and pregnant straight away again . ( just lost 4th last week at 17 weeks , unplanned but devasted ) These are my tips that worked for me . ( some of it sounds a bit yucky but good to know ) About 3 - 4 days before you are due to ovulate you have a very thick discharge - like egg white , if you stretch it it will go quite long ( if you have had unprotected sex the semen that gets discharged can look the same but this wont stretch ) - after the discharge i did OV test every day . - had sex once a day from day of discharge to day after OV test said i had ovulated . - after sex stayed lying flat for approx 1 hours without moving and legs raised . this worked for me . I am now 40 and hope to try again if my husband agrees . If he does then this is the method i will follow again . i hope this helps . # 15 dancareoi dancareoi said : with my first it was a case of see what happens and luckily it happened straight away . with the second we tried the same and after 4 months nothing had happened . I bought an ovulation test and it worked straight away . With my 3rd in May 09 I used an OV test and again straight away , sadly MMC in July 09 . Used OV test again sept 09 and pregnant straight away again . ( just lost 4th last week at 17 weeks , unplanned but devasted ) These are my tips that worked for me . ( some of it sounds a bit yucky but good to know ) About 3 - 4 days before you are due to ovulate you have a very thick discharge - like egg white , if you stretch it it will go quite long ( if you have had unprotected sex the semen that gets discharged can look the same but this wont stretch ) - after the discharge i did OV test every day . - had sex once a day from day of discharge to day after OV test said i had ovulated . - after sex stayed lying flat for approx 1 hours without moving and legs raised . this worked for me . I am now 40 and hope to try again if my husband agrees . If he does then this is the method i will follow again . i hope this helps . thanks for the tips ! I usually only lay on the bed for 20 minutes after sex . . .I hope that ' s long enough . Good luck if you decide to try again # 16 2 DS 2 DD 3 Angels Jan 16 , 2012 3,041 Good luck and best wishes to you too . xxxx # 17 celticwoman Member Sep 10 , 2012 14 Hello Amanda : I was reading your post ' s and clearly these post are older I was just curious how it was going for you . . . I recently lost my son and when reading your post I feel the same way you did I also have gotten a memorie tattoo . . . I have started using ovulation test and I was wondering how it worked out for you . # 18 celticwoman Sep 10 , 2012 Member 14 I should also say I delivered full term he passed after delivery iam new to these type forms and I did n ' t know there was different forms I just was touched by the msg as iam feeling that way and thought someone who knew what i felt . # 19 Pink_Sparkle 1 Angel & 23 week preemie Jun 8 , 2009 1,307 Hi everyone , Sorry for all your loses . Its sad that we ' re all here but its a positive place with lot of support We lost Freya 3 weeks ago ( at 19 weeks ) , we miss her desperately and are keen to ttc asap . Ive not had my af yet but have pretty much stopped bleeding from delivering Freya . . .We ' re looking at trying the SMEP and lots of hoping , praying and begging to the heavens above for a sticky bean . I got a tattoo on my wrist 1 week after I had Freya . It has a pink heart , Freya and 21.08.2012 - I absolutely love it . Its comforting knowing that I ' ll have her name on me forever . My DH also got a tattoo on leg with Freya ' s hand and foot prints . xxx # 20 Pink_Sparkle ( You must log in or sign up to post here . ) Page 1 of 2 1 2 Next > Share This Page Tweet | [
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http://babyandbump.momtastic.com/trying-to-conceive/247947-can-implantation-bleeding-occur-day-after-intercourse.html | Can Implantation bleeding occur the day after intercourse ? Discussion in ' Trying To Conceive ' started by bubble27 Jan 2 , 2010 bubble27 Well - Known Member Joined : Nov 26 , 2009 Messages : 219 Likes Received : 0 Hi Guys , me and my partner have been trying to concieve and last night we had intercourse but when i went to the toilet this morning there was a small amount of blood when i wiped but it was a bit unusual as it was like very fine threads of blood ? sorry for the too much info but i have never been pregnant so its all new to me , lol , I finished my period about 6 days ago , but i checked the ovulation calander and i should be ovulating tomorrow ? but i know each cycle can be different ? Could i be pregnant ? x # 1 Jan 2 , 2010 lolly25 mum ~ DD , DS , DD and Angel x Joined : Nov 12 , 2009 Messages : 1,393 Likes Received : 0 Hi hun didnt want to read and run just wondered if this could be ovulation spotting maybe as u mentioned your due to ov ? ? # 2 lolly25 Well - Known Member Nov 26 , 2009 219 Hi , Thanks for your reply not sure if its ovulation bleeding . never had that before but i suppose it could be . Hopefully then if im ovulating a bit earlier then there is more chance i could of concieved last night , Fingers crossed , xx # 3 vaniilla Nov 10 , 2009 18,015 I ' m not sure that it can happen that fast , I hope its a I have no idea what it could be , some women get a bit of blood after bd ' ing so maybe that was it . good luck hun # 4 vaniilla goddess25 Jun 13 , 2008 11,696 It should not be implantation bleeding that early , it could be some bleeding from the intercourse or some women get a little spotting with ovulation . You dont normally get implantation bleeding till about 5 - 6 weeks pregnant . Good Luck # 5 goddess25 Mommy2Kian Kaden and Sian : ) Dec 13 , 2008 3,834 It wouldnt happen that quick hun , more than likely from # 6 Mommy2Kian Leilani Nov 8 , 2009 3,598 goddess25 said : โ It should not be implantation bleeding that early , it could be some bleeding from the intercourse or some women get a little spotting with ovulation . You dont normally get implantation bleeding till about 5 - 6 weeks pregnant . Good Luck Not sure this is correct ! ! # 7 Leilani ( You must log in or sign up to post here . ) Share This Page Tweet | [
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