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[ "The Redwoods National and State Parks are a group of parks with a total area of more than 130,000 acres located in Del Norte and Humboldt Counties along the coast of Northern California." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "The Giant Redwoods of California are the tallest and one of the most massive tree species on Earth. They can grow up to 380 feet (115m) in height and up to 26 feet (8m) in diameter. These trees can live up to 2,200 years. The Giant Redwoods are an evergreen tree only found in California. All are located along Highway 101 outside the Redwood National and State Parks. As you drive north on 101 the Chandelier tree is the first you’ll encounter in the town of Leggett. The Shrine Drive-Thru Tree is the next one and can be found off the Avenue of the Giants exit near the town Myer Flat.", "These trees are the tallest and one of the most massive tree species on Earth. In addition to the redwood forests, the parks preserve other indigenous flora, fauna, grassland prairie, cultural resources, portions of rivers and other streams, and 37 miles (60 km) of pristine coastline. It is estimated that old-growth redwood forest once covered close to 2,000,000 acres (8,100 km 2) of coastal northern California. 96% of all old-growth redwoods have been logged, and almost half (45%) of the redwoods remaining are found in Redwood National and State Parks.", "California’s Redwood Parks. Coast redwoods (Sequoia sempervirens) have inspired human beings since the dawn of time. Celebrated the world over, redwoods stretch from Humboldt County’s vast alluvial plains to the fog shrouded valleys of the Big Sur Coast. The mystique of these ancient forests will draw you in.", "The depth inland ranges from as small as 5 miles to 47 miles at the widest point. The Redwoods National and State Parks are a group of parks with a total area of more than 130,000 acres located in Del Norte and Humboldt Counties along the coast of Northern California. These parks protect 45% of the remaining Coastal Redwood old-growth forests. All are located along Highway 101 outside the Redwood National and State Parks. As you drive north on 101 the Chandelier tree is the first you’ll encounter in the town of Leggett. The Shrine Drive-Thru Tree is the next one and can be found off the Avenue of the Giants exit near the town Myer Flat.", "Average mature trees, several hundred years old, stand from 200 to 240 feet tall and have diameters of 10 to 15 feet, and some trees have been measured at more than 360 feet. The tallest tree in the world, The Stratosphere Giant located here at Humboldt Redwoods State Park, is just over 370 feet tall. In the most favorable parts of their range, Coast Redwoods can live more than two thousand years. Redwoods are named for the color of their bark and heartwood. ", "When you set out to take in the Giant redwood trees of California, pack your camera and head south to the park’s Mariposa Grove. Conveniently located near Yosemite’s south entrance, Mariposa Grove is home to the Grizzly Giant sequoia, a leisurely 0.8 mile walk from the main parking lot. ", "Among the places that preserve giant sequoias are Sequoia National Forest, Sequoia National Park, and Giant Sequoia National Monument. Redwoods. These tallest of trees reach heights of more than 350 feet (107 meters). The tallest tree in the world is named Hyperion, which reaches 379.7 feet (115.7 meters). Redwoods can achieve a diameter of 24 feet (7 meters), and 1.6 million pounds (725,700 kg). Giant sequoias can grow to be about 30 feet (9 meters) in diameter and more than 250 feet (76 meters) tall. The biggest of these behemoths is General Sherman, a giant sequoia in Sequoia National Park.", "Redwood National Park headquarters is located in Crescent City, California, with a service office located in Arcata and an operations center located in Orick, California. It is estimated that old-growth redwood forest once covered close to 2,000,000 acres (8,100 km 2) of coastal northern California. 96% of all old-growth redwoods have been logged, and almost half (45%) of the redwoods remaining are found in Redwood National and State Parks.", "Trees in the World. You have discovered the legendary California redwoods. At least once in your lifetime, you need to visit the magnificent coastal redwoods of Humboldt County—to walk, explore and soak up the silence and grandeur of forests unlike any others in the world.", "This list is in order from north to south. 1 Prairie Creek Redwoods State Park: Located between Crescent City and Eureka, this redwood forest park is also home to a herd of Roosevelt Elk. 2 Redwood National Park: Several redwood forest parks in one, it preserves almost half of the remaining old-growth redwood forests. Coastal redwoods (sequoia sempervirens) are the tallest living things on our planet, growing 300-350 feet tall and 16-18 feet across, with record specimens soaring to 360 feet. You can find them in redwood forests along the California coast from the northern border down to Big Sur." ], "url": [ "http://www.californiatravelcenter.com/vacation-spots/California+Giant+Redwoods.html", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Redwood_National_and_State_Parks", "http://www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=24723", "http://www.californiatravelcenter.com/vacation-spots/California+Giant+Redwoods.html", "http://www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=24200", "https://www.scenicwonders.com/california-redwood-trees", "http://www.livescience.com/39461-sequoias-redwood-trees.html", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Redwood_National_and_State_Parks", "http://www.redwoods.info/", "http://gocalifornia.about.com/od/caplaceslist/ss/Redwood-Forests-in-California.htm" ] }

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[ "£19,000" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1 ], "passage_text": [ "The NSW Police Force offers a very attractive salary and benefits package, which includes a starting salary of $ 65,000.00 (2014) plus six weeks annual leave. Family friendly policies ensure a supportive environment, which caters for maternity, carer's, sick and compassionate leave.", "Helping with Your Career. Police Oracle is committed to helping you get the career and training that you want. We work with Police Organisations across the country to bring you training manuals, OSPRE, Q&A, job listings, academic courses and careers advice to help you in your Police Career.", "The starting salary for police officers is $52,184 a year, effective October 1, 2014. After 18 months of service, most police officers can expect to earn a base salary of approximately $57,094 a year. Recruits begin earning their full salary upon entering the Academy.", "The starting salary for police constables in England and Wales is being cut by £4,000 to £19,000, the home secretary has confirmed.", "The Scottish Ministry of Justice tweeted: Home Office cuts to police starting salaries will not be imposed in Scotland.. Ex-rail regulator Tom Winsor, the review's author, was appointed last year as the Chief Inspector of Constabulary for England and Wales, the first non-policeman named to the post.", "The starting salary for police constables in England and Wales is being cut by £4,000 to £19,000, the home secretary has confirmed." ], "url": [ "http://www.police.nsw.gov.au/recruitment/the_lifestyle/general_duties/working_conditions", "https://www.policeoracle.com/pay_and_conditions/police_pay_scales.html", "http://mpdc.dc.gov/page/salary-and-benefits", "http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-21027176", "http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-21027176", "http://www.bbc.com/news/uk-21027176" ] }

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[ "United States county located in the Shenandoah Valley and on the central western border of the Commonwealth of Virginia." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1 ], "passage_text": [ "Emily, United Kingdom. Situated in central Bath, The County offers views over the city’s famous Recreation Ground, towards Bath Abbey. Offering free WiFi and free private parking, this property is ideal for exploring Bath’s ‘World Heritage Site’ attractions. In the mornings, The County serves full English breakfast. Guests can enjoy drinks in the well-stocked bar. The city centre of Bath is home to numerous restaurants, pubs, and shops, and the Bath Spa Railway Station is only 12 minutes' stroll from the hotel.", "Our Mission. It is our mission to enrich the quality of life for Bath County citizens and businesses alike. In meeting this commitment, the Board of Supervisors pledges to work in partnership with the citizens of Bath County to achieve the following: • Provide for the health, safety and welfare of the citizens;", "Bath (/ˈbaːθ/) is a city in the ceremonial county of Somerset, South West England, that is known for the curative Roman-built baths that still exist there. In 2011, its population was 88,859. Bath is located 97 miles (156 km) west of London and 11 miles (18 km) south-east of Bristol. The city, in the valley of the River Avon, became a World Heritage Site in 1987.", "Bath County, Virginia is named for the English resort city of Bath. Both communities are known for the abundance of healing springs that have attracted visitors to their locales. For over 270 years Bath County has been defined by its natural beauty and hospitality. Located along the western, central border with West Virginia, Bath County encompasses 540 square miles. Eighty-nine percent of Bath County is comprised of forest (51% national forest, 6% state park).", "Bath County was established on December 14, 1790 from sections of Augusta, Botetourt, and Greenbrier counties. Due to the many mineral springs found in the area, the county was named for the English spa and resort city of Bath. Bath's county seat is Warm Springs. Bath County was created in 1790 from parts of Augusta, Botetourt, and Greenbrier counties, and it was named for the English city of Bath. Like its namesake, Bath County's economy is focused on tourism and recreation, due to its many natural mineral springs found in the area", "Traditionally, Bath was in Somerset. In 1974 the government created the much hated Avon county, which was abolished in 1997 and replaced by a unitary authority. in north and north-east somerset. Bath is in the county of Somerset. the map coridnats of my bath room are 35,26,33,52. The city of Bath in the UK is in the county of Bath And North East Somerset. ", "Bath became part of the county of Avon in 1974, and, following Avon's abolition in 1996, has been the principal centre of Bath and North East Somerset. In 2011, its population was 88,859. Bath is located 97 miles (156 km) west of London and 11 miles (18 km) south-east of Bristol. The city, in the valley of the River Avon, became a World Heritage Site in 1987.", "Bath County is a United States county located in the Shenandoah Valley and on the central western border of the Commonwealth of Virginia. As of the 2010 census, the population was 4,731 in 2014, the population was estimated to be 4,771, making it the second-least populous county in Virginia. Bath's county seat is Warm Springs. Bath County was created in 1790 from parts of Augusta, Botetourt, and Greenbrier counties, and it was named for the English city of Bath. Like its namesake, Bath County's economy is focused on tourism and recreation, due to its many natural mineral springs found in the are" ], "url": [ "http://www.booking.com/hotel/gb/the-county-bath.html", "http://www.bathcountyva.org/", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bath,_Somerset", "http://www.virginia.org/Counties/Bath/", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bath_County,_Virginia", "http://www.answers.com/Q/Which_county_is_Bath_England_in", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bath,_Somerset", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bath_County,_Virginia" ] }

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[ "Take your dog to the vet and get a full check up to ensure they are in good health to start and keep them on the same diet but increase their exercise.Some people make the mistake of reducing food and increasing exercise." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "How to Keep Your Pit Bull at the Right Weight. The proper weight for your dog is unique to your dog. In other words, while my dogs are 65 lbs and 68lbs in peak condition their proper walking around weight is a few lbs heavier. You learn this information through trial and error. IMPORTANT: Two things you should do before you start getting your dog in shape. First, take your dog to the vet and get a full check up to ensure they are in good health to start. Second, keep them on the same diet but increase their exercise. Some people make the mistake of reducing food and increasing exercise.", "1. Offer your dog shelter. Most people with pet dogs chose to keep them in the house with the family. If you do keep your dog outside, provide an insulated dog house, warm bedding for cold climates, shade for warm climates, food, and water (that won't freeze or stagnate). Never chain your dog, since this could cause leg or neck injuries.", "Both you and your dog will benefit from the extra socialization. Pit Bulls are very active dogs that need a LOT of run around time and exercise, but are generally not compatable with off-leash dog parks. Don't get a young Pit Bull if you live your life in the slow lane. Pit Bulls Love Kids. Pit Bulls are Social Butterflies-Your dog will LOVE to go places with you to see the sights and visit with your friends, family, and strangers on the street. Over the last 20 years or so, the Pit Bull has fallen victim to the careless deeds of unethical breeders, irresponsible and even shady owners.", "You may also add water to dry dog food and offer it to the puppies at this time as well. Breast milk should be the only source of food after the pitbull pregnancy for your puppies until they are about three weeks old. It is best to start them on a food that is specially-designed for puppies. A litter of pit bull puppies from Kinneman Kennels (American Bully Pitbull breeders based in Pittsburgh, PA). A Pitbull pregnancy lasting for 72 days or longer is not normal. If you dog is past due, your vet will most likely give them shots to induce labor.", "Properly feeding your Pit Bull will not only keep them looking healthy but you will also help them avoid common health problems like joint problems. Pit Bulls are active dogs that need plenty of exercise. IMPORTANT: Two things you should do before you start getting your dog in shape. First, take your dog to the vet and get a full check up to ensure they are in good health to start. Second, keep them on the same diet but increase their exercise. Some people make the mistake of reducing food and increasing exercise.", "What you will learn in 11 Things You Must Do Right To Keep Your Dog Healthy and Happy. 1 The best foods for your dog – a complete feeding program – everything you need to know to feed your dog from puppyhood through old age. 2 The worst foods for your dog. 3 Which vaccinations your puppy or adult dog really needs. For your dog's well-being, you absolutely must know... 1 Over 20 products in your home that can cause itchy skin and allergies in dogs. ( 2 pages 80-94). 3 Dangerous toys that you'll probably find in your home right now. 4 Remember, just because a toy is sold at the pet store doesn't mean it's safe.", "The good news is that there are lots of things you can do to care for your dog. Learn how to maintain a good diet of high quality food, get preventative veterinary care, and do your best to provide a healthy, loving environment. Most people with pet dogs chose to keep them in the house with the family. If you do keep your dog outside, provide an insulated dog house, warm bedding for cold climates, shade for warm climates, food, and water (that won't freeze or stagnate). Never chain your dog, since this could cause leg or neck injuries.", "With a few exceptions, your lungs don’t get into trouble unless you get them into trouble, he says. However, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the fourth-leading cause of death in the U.S. after heart disease, cancer, and stroke. Here are 12 things you can do to keep your lungs healthy as you age. Next: Don’t smoke...anything.", "With a few exceptions, your lungs don't get into trouble unless you get them into trouble, he says. However, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the fourth-leading cause of death in the U.S. after heart disease, cancer and stroke. Here are 12 things you can do to keep your lungs healthy as you age. Close", "That's why I wrote this book.....to show you how to care for your dog so he lives a long, healthy life and seldom needs to visit the vet. There are 11 Things You Must Do Right To Keep Your Dog Healthy and Happy. For your dog's well-being, you absolutely must know... 1 Over 20 products in your home that can cause itchy skin and allergies in dogs. ( 2 pages 80-94). 3 Dangerous toys that you'll probably find in your home right now. 4 Remember, just because a toy is sold at the pet store doesn't mean it's safe." ], "url": [ "http://www.pitbulllovers.com/health-articles/feeding-your-pit-bull.html", "http://www.wikihow.com/Keep-a-Dog-in-Good-Health", "http://www.lanecounty.org/Departments/PW/Parks/LCAS/Pages/TipsforPitBullOwners.aspx", "https://vitaminsforpitbulls.com/pitbull-is-pregnant-having-puppies/", "http://www.pitbulllovers.com/health-articles/feeding-your-pit-bull.html", "http://www.yourpurebredpuppy.com/books/11T.html", "http://www.wikihow.com/Keep-a-Dog-in-Good-Health", "http://www.health.com/health/gallery/0,,20488696,00.html", "http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/05/22/healthy-lungs_n_865182.html", "http://www.yourpurebredpuppy.com/books/11T.html" ] }

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[ "$2,400" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 1, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "The following is my current fees and services agreement for all parole cases. The total fee is a fixed fee of $2,400. There is a non-refundable $400 interview fee. This fee will cover my interview with the client on the unit. The remaining balance in the case is $2,000. This $2,000 will be divided evenly between the written parole information ($1,000) and the oral presentation to the Parole Board Member that votes the case ($1,000).", "Here is a list of the average cost of a criminal defense lawyer you can expect to pay in San Antonio, Texas: Charged With Possession of Marijuana Less than 1 gram in Bexar County: You have no criminal history, no substantive defense to the crime (you were caught red handed).", "In rural areas and small towns, lawyers tend to charge less, and fees in the range of $100 to $200 an hour for an experienced attorney are probably the norm. In major metropolitan areas, the norm is probably closer to $200 to $400 an hour. Lawyers with expertise in specialized areas may charge much more.", "Charged With DWI, first offense in San Antonio: You have never been in trouble before. You require a trial to fight the charge. The average cost of a criminal defense lawyer in San Antonio is between $4,000 and $10,000. Charged With Assault Family Violence, Class A in San Antonio. You have a bit of criminal history." ], "url": [ "http://lawyertexasparole.com/lawoffice/feesstepsinparole.htm", "http://lawyerdefend.me/average-cost-of-criminal-defense-lawyer-in-san-antonio-texas/", "http://research.lawyers.com/how-and-how-much-do-lawyers-charge.html", "http://lawyerdefend.me/average-cost-of-criminal-defense-lawyer-in-san-antonio-texas/" ] }

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[ "Treating gallstones and liver conditions including jaundice, liver enlargement, hepatitis, and liver cirrhosis." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Mosses are small flowerless plants that usually grow in dense green clumps or mats, in damp or shady locations. The individual plants are usually composed of simple, one-cell thick leaves, covering a thin stem that supports them but does not conduct water and nutrients (nonvascular). Botanically, mosses are non-vascular plants in the land plant division Bryophyta. They are small (a few centimeters tall) herbaceous (non-woody) plants that absorb water and nutrients mainly through their leaves and harvest carbon dioxide and sunlight to create food by photosynthesis.", "1. any of numerous small green nonvascular plants of the class Hepaticopsida growing in wet places and resembling green seaweeds or leafy mosses. Familiarity information: LIVERWORT used as a noun is very rare. ", "Many other plants have rhizoids, but only in the liverwort is the rhizoid unicellular. One of the more than 100 species in the liverwort genus Riccia is the slender riccia (Riccia fluitans), which can be found floating in ponds, and is sometimes used in aquariums. It is sometimes called crystalwort. It is used in aquariums as a retreat for young fry and is used in live-bearing tanks. ", "Hence the word liverwort for a liver-like small plant. As well as the term liverwort you may also see the alternative term hepatic used and this comes from the Greek word hepatikos - meaning liver. Do not confuse the ordinary English word hepatic (meaning liverwort) with the genus name Hepatica. The spore capsule (possibly with a supporting stalk, or seta) is the sporophyte and this grows from the gametophyte stage. The aim of this page is simply to describe the features you can see in a liverwort. You will see much, but by no means all, of the variety to be found in the liverworts.", "1 My experience is that Roundup provides poor liverwort control (which of course can only be used on nursery floors, and not in containers). 2 Acetic acid (5%) provided excellent liverwort control, and can be used as long as you use products containing vinegar that are legally labeled for weed control.. ", "Mosses are commonly confused with lichens, hornworts, and liverworts. Lichens may superficially look like mosses, and have a common names that includes the word moss (e.g., reindeer moss or iceland moss ), but are not related to mosses. Mosses, hornworts, and liverworts are collectively called bryophytes . Botanically, mosses are non-vascular plants in the land plant division Bryophyta. They are small (a few centimeters tall) herbaceous (non-woody) plants that absorb water and nutrients mainly through their leaves and harvest carbon dioxide and sunlight to create food by photosynthesis.", "In a leafy liverwort the gametophyte consists of leaves on stems. In a thallose liverwort you'll see a flattish, green sheet-possibly wrinkled or lobed. Such a sheet is called a thallus and, in many cases, that's all there is to the gametophtyte. The spore capsule (possibly with a supporting stalk, or seta) is the sporophyte and this grows from the gametophyte stage. The aim of this page is simply to describe the features you can see in a liverwort. You will see much, but by no means all, of the variety to be found in the liverworts.", "LIVERWORT Overview Information. Liverwort is a plant. People make medicine out of the fresh or dried parts that grow above the ground. Despite serious safety concerns, liverwort is used for treating gallstones and liver conditions including jaundice, liver enlargement, hepatitis, and liver cirrhosis.", "Fresh liverwort is LIKELY UNSAFE when taken by mouth or applied to the skin. It can cause many side effects such as diarrhea, stomach irritation, and kidney and urinary tract irritation when taken by mouth. When applied directly to the skin, fresh liverwort can cause irritation, itching, and pus-filled blisters. It isn’t known if dried liverwort is safe or what the side effects might be. People make medicine out of the fresh or dried parts that grow above the ground. Despite serious safety concerns, liverwort is used for treating gallstones and liver conditions including jaundice, liver enlargement, hepatitis, and liver cirrhosis.", "Uses of mosses and liverworts. In the modern world the economic uses of mosses and liverworts are not immediately obvious. But they do have an important and subtle ecological role, both in water-retention and stabilising mobile surfaces like landslips, scree slopes and sand dunes." ], "url": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosses", "http://www.audioenglish.org/dictionary/liverwort.htm", "https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Adventist_Youth_Honors_Answer_Book/Nature/Lichens,_Liverworts_%26_Mosses", "http://www.anbg.gov.au/bryophyte/what-is-liverwort.html", "http://oregonstate.edu/dept/nursery-weeds/weedspeciespage/liverwort/liverwort_control.html", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosses", "http://www.anbg.gov.au/bryophyte/what-is-liverwort.html", "http://www.webmd.com/vitamins-supplements/ingredientmono-37-LIVERWORT.aspx?activeIngredientId=37&activeIngredientName=LIVERWORT", "http://www.webmd.com/vitamins-supplements/ingredientmono-37-LIVERWORT.aspx?activeIngredientId=37&activeIngredientName=LIVERWORT", "http://www.snh.org.uk/publications/on-line/NaturallyScottish/MossesLiverworts/usesof.asp" ] }

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[ "Noonan syndrome (NS) is a relatively common autosomal dominant congenital disorder that affects both males and females.", "It is a relatively common autosomal dominant congenital disorder that affects both males and females." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Noonan syndrome (NS) is a relatively common autosomal dominant congenital disorder that affects both males and females. It is referred to as the male version of Turner's syndrome (and is still sometimes described in this way); however, the genetic causes of Noonan syndrome and Turner syndrome are distinct. It is believed that between approximately 1 in 1,000 and 1 in 2,500 children worldwide are born with NS. It is one of the most common genetic syndromes associated with congenital heart disease, similar in frequency to Down syndrome. However, the range and severity of features can vary greatly in patients with NS.", "Most people with Noonan syndrome have a heart defect. The most common heart defect is a narrowing of the valve that controls blood flow from the heart to the lungs (pulmonary valve stenosis). Approximately 50 to 70 percent of individuals with Noonan syndrome have short stature. At birth, they are usually of normal length and weight, but growth slows over time. Abnormal levels of growth hormone may contribute to the slow growth.", "The most common features of Noonan syndrome are: 1 unusual facial features, such as a broad forehead, drooping eyelids and a wider-than-usual distance between the eyes. 2 short stature (restricted growth). 3 heart defects (congenital heart disease). Noonan syndrome is a genetic disorder that can cause a wide range of distinctive features and health problems. The condition is present from before birth, although milder cases may not be diagnosed until a child gets older.", "Most people with Noonan syndrome have a heart defect. The most common heart defect is a narrowing of the valve that controls blood flow from the heart to the lungs (pulmonary valve stenosis). People with Noonan syndrome have distinctive facial features such as a deep groove in the area between the nose and mouth (philtrum), widely spaced eyes that are usually pale blue or blue-green in color, and low-set ears that are rotated backward.", "1 Valve disorders. 2 Pulmonary valve stenosis is a narrowing of the pulmonary valve, the flap of tissue that separates the lower right chamber (ventricle) of your heart from the artery that supplies blood to the lungs (pulmonary artery). 3 It's the most common heart problem seen with Noonan syndrome. 1 People with Noonan syndrome often have structural defects of the heart. 2 The defects involve a hole in the wall that separates the two lower chambers of the heart (ventricular septal defect), or a condition that causes a narrowing of the arteries that carry blood to the lungs for oxygen (pulmonary artery stenosis).", "Noonan syndrome is a common genetic disorder that is typically evident at birth (congenital). The disorder is characterized by a wide spectrum of symptoms and physical features that vary greatly in range and severity. ", "Most cases of Noonan syndrome result from mutations in one of three genes, PTPN11, SOS1, or RAF1. PTPN11 gene mutations account for approximately 50 percent of all cases of Noonan syndrome. SOS1 gene mutations account for 10 to 15 percent and RAF1 gene mutations account for 5 to 10 percent of Noonan syndrome cases. About 2 percent of people with Noonan syndrome have mutations in the KRAS gene and usually have a more severe or atypical form of the disorder. It is not known how many cases are caused by mutations in the BRAF or NRAS genes, but it is likely a very small proportion.", "Noonan syndrome is a common inherited disorder of cell growth affecting both males and females and characterized by atypical facial features, short stature, heart defects, bleeding problems, chest wall abnormalities, and other signs and symptoms. People with Noonan syndrome have distinctive facial features such as a deep groove in the area between the nose and mouth (philtrum), widely spaced eyes that are usually pale blue or blue-green in color, and low-set ears that are rotated backward.", "Overview. Noonan syndrome is a genetic disorder that causes abnormal development of multiple parts of the body. Features of Noonan syndrome may include a distinctive facial appearance, short stature, a broad or webbed neck, congenital heart defects, bleeding problems, skeletal malformations, and developmental delay. ", "Noonan syndrome is a common genetic disorder that is typically evident at birth (congenital). The disorder is characterized by a wide spectrum of symptoms and physical features that vary greatly in range and severity. Noonan Syndrome. Important. It is possible that the main title of the report Noonan Syndrome is not the name you expected. Please check the synonyms listing to find the alternate name(s) and disorder subdivision(s) covered by this report." ], "url": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noonan_syndrome", "http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/condition/noonan-syndrome", "http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/Noonan-syndrome/Pages/Introduction.aspx", "http://www.medicinenet.com/noonan_syndrome/article.htm", "http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/noonan-syndrome/basics/symptoms/CON-20028908", "http://rarediseases.org/rare-diseases/noonan-syndrome/", "http://www.medicinenet.com/noonan_syndrome/page2.htm", "http://www.medicinenet.com/noonan_syndrome/article.htm", "https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/gard/10955/noonan-syndrome/resources/1", "http://www.webmd.com/children/noonan-syndrome-10902" ] }

[]

[ "blood test" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Hemoglobin A1c provides an average of your blood sugar control over the past 2 to 3 months and is used along with home blood sugar monitoring to make adjustments in your diabetes medicines. Hemoglobin is found in red blood cells, which carry oxygen throughout your body. For people without diabetes, the normal range for the hemoglobin A1c test is between 4% and 5.6%. Hemoglobin A1c levels between 5.7% and 6.4% indicate increased risk of diabetes, and levels of 6.5% or higher indicate diabetes.", "A1C and eAG. The A1C test gives you a picture of your average blood glucose (blood sugar) control for the past 2 to 3 months. The results give you a good idea of how well your diabetes treatment plan is working. Your health care provider may report your A1C test result as eAG, or average glucose, which directly correlates to your A1C. eAG may help you understand your A1C value because eAG is a unit similar to what you see regularly through self-monitoring on your meter.", "Glycated hemoglobin (hemoglobin A1c, HbA1c, A1C, or Hb1c; sometimes also HbA1c or HGBA1C) is a form of hemoglobin that is measured primarily to identify the average plasma glucose concentration over prolonged periods of time. ", "For people without diabetes, the normal range for the hemoglobin A1c test is between 4% and 5.6%. Hemoglobin A1c levels between 5.7% and 6.4% indicate increased risk of diabet … es, and levels of 6.5% or higher indicate diabetes. ", "1 As blood glucose levels rise, so does the percentage of glycated hemoglobin, so A1C is used to measure diabetes control. 2 The test is used for both monitoring and diagnosing diabetes, and results come from a blood sample given at the doctor's clinic. 1 Prediabetes, a risk factor for diabetes, is signaled by levels between 5.7-6.4%. 2 A result below 5.7% indicates a healthy blood sugar level. 3 The typical target for people with diabetes is to get their A1C below 7%, but there are different targets for different individuals and stages of the disease.", "The A1C test is a blood test used to measure the average level of glucose in the blood over the last two to three months, and is used as a means of checking how well blood sugar levels are being controlled for a person with diabetes. 1 Prediabetes, a risk factor for diabetes, is signaled by levels between 5.7-6.4%. 2 A result below 5.7% indicates a healthy blood sugar level. 3 The typical target for people with diabetes is to get their A1C below 7%, but there are different targets for different individuals and stages of the disease.", "A1c is a test that shows the average level of blood sugar over the past 2 to 3 months. People who have diabetes need to have this test done regularly to see whether their blood sugar levels have been staying within a target range. This test is also used to diagnose diabetes. A1c test results show your average blood sugar level over time. The result is reported as a percentage. Your goal is to keep your hemoglobin A1c level as close to your target level as possible. You and your doctor will work together to set your safe target level.", "Description: A Hemoglobin A1C test is used to measure glucose in the blood in the last 2-3 months. It can also be used to screen for or aid in the diagnosis of diabetes. Hemoglobin is a protein found in red blood cells that helps to carry oxygen from the lungs to other parts of the body. " ], "url": [ "http://www.webmd.com/diabetes/guide/glycated-hemoglobin-test-hba1c", "http://www.diabetes.org/living-with-diabetes/treatment-and-care/blood-glucose-control/a1c/", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glycated_hemoglobin", "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_is_Hemoglobin_A1C", "http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/265443.php", "http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/265443.php", "http://www.webmd.com/diabetes/tc/what-is-hemoglobin-a1c-topic-overview", "http://requestatest.com/hemoglobin-a1c-with-eag-testing" ] }

[]

[ "22nd June 1974" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Joseph Vijay Chandrasekhar was born on June 22, 1974, to film producer and director S. A. Chandrasekhar and Shoba Chandrasekhar, a classical and a playback singer. He had a sister named Vidhya Chandrasekhar who died at the age of two. Vijay went on to do Visual Communications at Loyola College, Chennai. ", "Personal Background. Joseph Vijay was born in Chennai, Tamil Nadu and his father SA Chandrasekhar is a noted producer and director in the Tamil film industry, while his mother Shobha Chandrasekhar is a playback singer. Height: 1.78 m. Personal Background. Joseph Vijay was born in Chennai, Tamil Nadu and his father SA Chandrasekhar is a noted producer and director in the Tamil film industry, while his mother Shobha Chandrasekhar is a playback singer. He studied visual communication at Loyola College in Chennai.", "Actor | Music Department | Soundtrack. Vijay was born to a famous Tamil film producer and director S. A. Chandrasekhar. His career geared up when he acted in Ghilli, one of the biggest blockbuster in Tamilnadu. He has won awards such as the Tamil Nadu State Film Award for Best Actor and Dinakaran Best Actor Award. ", "Joseph Vijay Chandrasekhar was born on June 22, 1974, to film producer and director S. A. Chandrasekhar and Shoba Chandrasekhar, a playback singer. ", "Vijay Photo Gallery | Vijay Latest News. Vijay is a famous Tamil film actor and playback singer. He is born as Joseph Vijay Chandrasekhar was born on June 22, 1974 in the family of leading film producer and director S. A. Chandrasekhar and Shoba Chandrasekhar, a playback singer. He did Visual Communications at Loyola College, Chennai", "Short biography. Vijay was born on 22nd June 1974 in Chennai, Tamil Nadu. He is an actor, singer and film producer. Vijay went on to do Visual Communications at Loyola College, Chennai. ", "Vijay. Joseph Vijay Chandrasekhar, born June 22, 1974, is an actor and playback singer. Actor Vijay was born to a director and producer SA. Chandrasekhar. He has acted as a child artist in his father’s films. Later he did a leading role in 1992 in film Naalaya Theerpu. He is married to Sangeeta Sornalingam and has two children named Jason Sanjay and Divya Saasha", "About Vijay Arora. Vijay Arora was born on December 27, 1946 and died in February 2, 2007.He was an actor in Hindi films and television serials, most famous for his roles in Yaadon Ki Baaraat and as Indrajit in the television serial Ramayan. He is not to be confused with another Vijay Arora, who is a cinematographer", "Vijay (born Joseph Vijay Chandrasekhar) is an Indian actor, playback singer and producer, who works in the Tamil film industry. " ], "url": [ "http://www.technicalsymposium.com/vijay-biography.html", "http://www.worldblaze.in/joseph-vijay-net-worth-and-biography/", "http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0897201/", "http://www.filmibeat.com/celebs/vijay-tamil-actor/biography.html", "http://www.thisismyindia.com/entertainment/film-stars/vijay.html", "http://celebritykick.com/tamil-actor/vijay-family", "http://tamilo.com/comedy-show-comedy-240/2488-tamil-comedy-vijay-.html", "http://www.india-forums.com/celebrity/905/vijay-arora/biography/", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vijay_(actor)" ] }

[]

[ "English baby name." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 1, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "The name Leanne is an American baby name. In American the meaning of the name Leanne is: A compound of Lee: wood, and Anne: grace, favour. Can also be a: downy, hairy. Can also be derived from Helen: Liight; beautiful woman, and a Youthful; bond.", "English Meaning: The name Leanne is an English baby name. In English the meaning of the name Leanne is: A compound of Lee: wood, and Anne: grace, favour. Can also be a: downy, hairy. Can also be derived from Helen: Liight; beautiful woman, and a Youthful; bond. American Meaning:", "Meaning of Leanne. English name. In English, the name Leanne means-gracious plum.The name Leanne originated as an English name. The name Leanne is most often used as a girl name or female name. English Name Meaning-gracious plum. Origin-England.", "Origin of the name Leanne: Modern name combining the names Lee (dweller by the wood or clearing) and Anne (gracious, full of grace). Alternatively, it is a variant spelling of Lianne (sun). From A World of Baby Names by Teresa Norman.", "The name Leanne is an English baby name. In English the meaning of the name Leanne is: A compound of Lee: wood, and Anne: grace, favour. Can also be a: downy, hairy. Can also be derived from Helen: Liight; beautiful woman, and a Youthful; bond. American Meaning:" ], "url": [ "http://www.sheknows.com/baby-names/name/leanne", "http://www.sheknows.com/baby-names/name/leanne", "http://www.meaning-of-names.com/english-names/leanne.asp", "http://www.babynamewizard.com/baby-name/girl/leann", "http://www.sheknows.com/baby-names/name/leanne" ] }

[]

[ "Yes" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "The meat tenderizer trick was our very first home remedy in the original edition of The People’s Pharmacy®.* We stumbled across it in the Journal of the American Medical Association.**.", "[Insect] venom is mostly protein, says Schultz, so the meat tenderizer works by breaking down the poison that's been injected.. A well-known treatment for jellyfish stings, meat tenderizer can be made into a paste with water, or applied directly to bites or stings. Photo from Amazon.com. The chemical properties in garlic are likely to kill off bacteria, but applying it to a mosquito bite might cause more discomfort before it relieves any.", "What To Do. Meat tenderizer contains enzymes, such as papain, that tenderize meat by breaking the chemical bonds that hold the muscle fibers together. Meat tenderizer is effective against insect stings and other types of venom because it breaks the proteins that cause a reaction.", "Haven't heard of it for bug bites yet it does help on jellyfish stings. The active ingredient that works is the papaine in the tenderizer. However, a jamaican lady advised me after I had a jellyfish sting and no tenderizer, to use papaya. This is Jah's natural meat", "Meat Tenderizer. Meat tenderizer contains papain, an enzyme found in papayas that breaks down the protein in meat. It also breaks down the protein in insect venom, which makes it effective in reducing pain, itching, and swelling in bites. Salt & Water.", "Meat tenderizer Make a paste of meat tenderizer and water and rub on the bite area. Good also for jellyfish stings. Tenderizer has papain, which helps break down the proteins present in insect venom.", "A. Meat tenderizer contains papain, an enzyme from the papaya that helps break down protein. Doctors have recommended applying it to stings for years so that the papain can break down the venom. Your reaction sounds exceptionally severe. It is unlikely that a cut onion will work so long after the sting." ], "url": [ "http://www.peoplespharmacy.com/2005/10/18/meat-tenderizer-and-vinegar-fo/", "http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/06/22/your-mosquito-bite-remedies_n_1619585.html", "http://chemistry.about.com/od/medicalhealth/tp/Mosquito-Bite-Home-Remedies.htm", "http://www.negril.com/discus/messages/196641/203333.html?1236294814", "http://www.miaminewtimes.com/restaurants/mosquito-season-is-here-tame-bites-with-vinegar-meat-tenderizer-and-tea-6601432", "http://www.health911.com/insect-stings-&-bites", "http://www.peoplespharmacy.com/2010/08/02/meat-tenderizer-for-pain-of-sting/" ] }

[]

[ "$62,310" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "An RN, or registered nurse, is a nurse that has studied in a nursing program for at least two years. Some also continue on to receive a four-year degree known a BSN which stands for Bachelors of Science in Nursing. RN jobs make up the largest number of jobs in healthcare.", "Missouri. As of May 2009, the average income for a RN in Missouri is $62,310, according to the BLS, with a range of $38,050 for the lower 10th percentile, upward to $79,260 for the highest 90th percentile. These differences vary due to education, experience and job location.", "Home health service RN’s earn an estimated $67,880 ($32.64 hourly). For nursing and residential care facilities, the average annually salary is around $62,440 or $28.28 per hour. Finally, in offices of physicians, a RN can earn an average of $58,420 ($30.02 per hour).", "How much do RNs make? According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics records for May 2012, the average registered nurse salary in the United States is $67,930, which is equivalent to a mean hourly wage of $32.66.", "RN Magazine reported in 2009 that starting pay for nurses was $23 per hour, or $44,343 per year, on average. Nurses who have put in 11 to 15 years of experience see their pay jump considerably to an average of $33 an hour, or $71,459 a year.", "The starting salary of a Registered Nurse can range from around $28,000-$50,000 per year on average. The starting hourly wage of an RN can range from $16.50-26.00 per hour. This salary will increase over time, as nurses gain experience, certifications, and specialize in a specific area." ], "url": [ "http://www.ehow.com/facts_7426273_much-rn-make-missouri_.html", "http://www.ehow.com/facts_7426273_much-rn-make-missouri_.html", "http://www.hospitaljobsinc.com/how-much-does-a-registered-nurse-make/", "http://www.access2knowledge.org/jobs-education/much-registered-nurses-make/", "http://work.chron.com/much-rn-make-bsn-11290.html", "http://www.registerednursern.com/registered-nurse-rn-salary-pay-wages-and-income-of-registered-nurses/" ] }

[]

[ "5%" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "First-time buyers now need £31,000 deposit - 77% higher than at the peak of the housing bubble in 2007. 1 Those who can afford to save £200 a month have to save for 13 years. 2 Mortgage experts warn too many will be frozen out of the market.", "In recent years first time buyers have typically used a 20% deposit to buy a house. But don’t despair if you’re struggling to save a large deposit there are still many mortgages out there for first time buyers.", "Money: A typical first-time buyer last year put down a deposit of £43,300 on a property which cost £173,200. This is more money than would have been needed to buy a home in the capital in 1998 - but will soon just cover a small deposit on the same property.", "You can find typical first time buyer mortgage rates. The number of 90% and 95% mortgages on the market is on the increase so provided you meet lenders’ affordability criteria if you have a 10% or 5% deposit it may be possible for you to get a mortgage.", "In the current mortgage market you’ll need a deposit of at least 5% of a property’s value to get a mortgage. A lender would then lend you 95% of the property’s value. So, if you wanted to buy a £150,000 property you would need to save up at least £7,500 and borrow £142,500.", "1 First time buyers (never purchased a home before in Ireland or elsewhere) deposit is 10% of the purchase price up to €220,000 and 20% on the excess.", "Options: By 2020, the report says a first-time buyer who puts down a 25 per cent deposit will need £61,300 to buy the average young person's home which will cost £245,165. ‘By 2020, the average deposit required for a first home will be more than £60,000 - and in London it will top £100,000.", "Before starting to look at properties, you need to start saving for a deposit. Generally, you need to try to save at least 5% to 20% of the cost of the home you would like, so if you want to buy a home costing £150,000, you’ll need to save at least £7,500.", "The cheapest mortgage deals on the market will typically require you to have a 40% deposit or more, so on a £150,000 property this would mean a deposit of £60,000. However, saving up a 40% deposit is unrealistic for many people.", "So for a £200,000 house you would need to have £20,000 in savings for a 90% mortgage or £10,000 in savings for a 95% mortgage. However 100% mortgages, where you don’t need any deposit, are virtually non-existent unless you have additional financial help from your family." ], "url": [ "http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2533588/First-time-buyers-need-31-000-deposit-77-higher-peak-housing-bubble-2007.html", "https://mortgageadvisers.which.co.uk/first-time-buyer/how-big-a-deposit-do-i-need/", "http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2267981/Housing-market-First-time-buyers-need-60-000-deposit-end-decade.html", "https://mortgageadvisers.which.co.uk/first-time-buyer/how-big-a-deposit-do-i-need/", "http://www.which.co.uk/money/mortgages-and-property/guides/mortgage-deposit-explained/how-much-deposit-do-i-need-for-a-mortgage/", "http://www.mortgages.ie/go/first_time_buyers/will_i_qualify_for_amortgage_", "http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2267981/Housing-market-First-time-buyers-need-60-000-deposit-end-decade.html", "https://www.moneyadviceservice.org.uk/en/articles/first-time-buyer-money-tips", "http://www.which.co.uk/money/mortgages-and-property/guides/mortgage-deposit-explained/how-much-deposit-do-i-need-for-a-mortgage/", "https://mortgageadvisers.which.co.uk/first-time-buyer/how-big-a-deposit-do-i-need/" ] }

[]

[ "Is a bacterial disease of the intestinal tract. Salmonella is a group of bacteria that cause typhoid fever, food poisoning, gastroenteritis, enteric fever and other illnesses." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Causes. Salmonella bacteria live in the intestines of people, animals and birds. Most people are infected with salmonella by eating foods that have been contaminated by feces. Commonly infected foods include: 1 Raw meat, poultry and seafood. 2 Feces may get onto raw meat and poultry during the butchering process. 3 Seafood may be contaminated if harvested from contaminated water", "Salmonella is bacteria that can cause a gastrointestinal infection known as salmonellosis. Usually salmonellosis is referred to as salmonella.. This infection can occur in humans and animals. Most people infected with salmonella are ill for four to seven days. The person may be ill enough to require hospitalization. Symptoms of salmonella usually start from 12 to 72 hours after the bacteria has been swallowed. The symptoms include abdominal cramps, headache, fever, and severe watery diarrhea. Nausea and vomiting may also occur. People infected with salmonella can have milder or no symptoms", "Salmonella. Salmonella is the name of a group of bacteria. In the United States, it is the most common cause of foodborne illness. Salmonella occurs in raw poultry, eggs, beef, and sometimes on unwashed fruit and vegetables. Symptoms include fever, diarrhea, abdominal cramps and headache. ", "Salmonella can be found in the digestive tracts of humans and animals, especially reptiles. Salmonella on the skin of reptiles or amphibians can be passed to people who handle the animals. Food and water can also be contaminated with the bacteria if it comes in contact with the feces of infected people or animals. There are two species of Salmonella, Salmonella bongori and Salmonella enterica. Salmonella enterica is further divided into six subspecies and over 2500 serovars.", "Salmonella /ˌsaelməˈnɛlə/ ˌsælməˈnɛlə is a genus of-rod (shaped) bacillus bacteria of The enterobacteriaceae. Family there are two species Of, Salmonella salmonella bongori And salmonella. enterica There are two species of Salmonella, Salmonella bongori and Salmonella enterica. Salmonella enterica is further divided into six subspecies and over 2500 serovars.", "Salmonella infection, or salmonellosis, is a bacterial disease of the intestinal tract. Salmonella is a group of bacteria that cause typhoid fever, food poisoning, gastroenteritis, enteric fever and other illnesses. People become infected mostly through contaminated water or foods, especially meat, poultry and eggs.", "1 Salmonella bacteria live in the intestines of humans and animals and are excreted in feces. 2 Salmonella infection occurs from consumption of raw meats and eggs, contaminated dairy foods such as unpasteurized (raw) milk, or fruits and vegetables contaminated by food handlers. Salmonella are a type of bacteria that have been known to cause illness for over 125 years. The organism is named for a scientist named Daniel Elmer Salmon, who discovered the bacteria. Salmonellosis is a food-borne infection typically caused by consumption of contaminated foods.", "Definition. Salmonella infection is a common bacterial disease that affects the intestinal tract. Salmonella bacteria typically live in animal and human intestines and are shed through feces. Humans become infected most frequently through contaminated water or food. Typically, people with salmonella infection have no symptoms." ], "url": [ "http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/salmonella/basics/causes/CON-20029017", "http://healthvermont.gov/prevent/salmonella/Salmonella.aspx", "http://www.hhs.gov/answers/public-health-and-safety/what-is-the-difference-between-salmonella-and-e-coli/index.html", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salmonella", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salmonella", "http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/160942.php", "http://www.medicinenet.com/salmonella_food_poisoning_salmonellosis/article.htm", "http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/salmonella/basics/definition/con-20029017" ] }

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[ "Cooking Equipment ,Heating ,Candles and Electrical Systems." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Kitchen fires. Kitchen fires are without doubt the most common cause of domestic fires. With electricity, fats, gas, wood and a number of chemicals to be found in your kitchen, you need to make sure you take every precaution possible to minimise the chances of a fire occurring.", "Every year, there are between 350,000 and 400,000 house fires in the U.S., according the National Fire Protection Association. Make sure your home is prepared in case of emergency. The best way to prevent house fires is to understand how they start. Here are the 5 leading causes and how you can prevent them: 1 Cooking: The majority of house fires are caused by cooking-related incidents, specifically, a person leaving a hot oven or stove unattended. 2 Ranges are the source of 58 percent of home cooking fires. 1 Cooking: The majority of house fires are caused by cooking-related incidents, specifically, a person leaving a hot oven or stove unattended. 2 Ranges are the source of 58 percent of home cooking fires. 3 Prevention tips: Keep an eye on cooking equipment while it’s in use.", "Best Answer: Top five causes of all home fires (in the United States)... 5. Electrical Systems-About 40,000 fires annually 4. Misc. household equipment, not catgorized elsewhere (say an iron, or a candle) - About 45,000 fires annually. 3. Arson-About 55,000 fires annually. 2. Heating Equipment-about 75,000 fire annually. 1. Cooking and cooking equipment-almost 100,000 fires annually. Now for some addtional interesting statistics... Top five causes of fires in the home that result in fatalities... 5.", "1 Electrical – speaking of electrical problems, they are another very common cause of house fires. 2 One of the leading culprits is the over-use of extension cords. 1 Kids playing with fire – Another very common cause of fires that we all hear of fairly frequently is kids playing with matches or a lighter and not fully comprehending the risks they are taking. 2 It’s really important to be sure to teach your kids about fire safety and the reasons why they should not play with fire.", "Previous Next 1 of 11. When a pot or pan overheats or splatters greases, it can take seconds to cause a fire. Stay in the kitchen when cooking, especially if using oil or high temperatures; most kitchen fires occur because people get distracted and leave their cooking unattended. Previous Next Photo: Thinkstock. Cooking Equipment When a pot or pan overheats or splatters greases, it can take seconds to cause a fire. Stay in the kitchen when cooking, especially if using oil or high temperatures; most kitchen fires occur because people get distracted and leave their cooking unattended.", "1 A related and more common cause of heating related fires are small space heaters (electrical or fueld-based). 2 These can lead to all kinds of possible problems including a short and/or electrical overload problem. 3 Electrical – speaking of electrical problems, they are another very common cause of house fires. 1 Kids playing with fire – Another very common cause of fires that we all hear of fairly frequently is kids playing with matches or a lighter and not fully comprehending the risks they are taking. 2 It’s really important to be sure to teach your kids about fire safety and the reasons why they should not play with fire.", "The cause of the fire, according to investigators, was a 16-foot tall Christmas tree that the owners left lit most of the time in the great room of the house. An electrical failure ignited the two-month-old tree, which swiftly fueled the fire in the rest of the house. ", "The STOVE TOP. According to the National Fire Prevention Association (NFPA) and the U.S. Fire Administration (USFA): * A kitchen fire occurs every 8 minutes in the United States * Unattended cooking is responsible for 70% of these fires * Over 53% of Americans admit to walking away from the kitchen while cooking. # Over the last decade, candle fires have almost tripled. In 1999 alone, an estimated 15,040 home fires started by candles were reported to fire departments. These fires resulted in 102 deaths, 1,473 injuries, and an estimated property loss of $278 million.", "10 Most Common Causes of House Fires. According to the NFPA, there are between 350,000 and 400,000 house fires in the U.S. every year and this results in almost $8 billion in annual damages. Those are some scary statistics especially for those of us with families to protect. 1 Kids playing with fire – Another very common cause of fires that we all hear of fairly frequently is kids playing with matches or a lighter and not fully comprehending the risks they are taking. 2 It’s really important to be sure to teach your kids about fire safety and the reasons why they should not play with fire." ], "url": [ "http://www.safelincs.co.uk/blog/2012/04/06/common-causes-of-domestic-fires/", "http://www.carraracompanies.com/5-most-common-causes-of-house-fires/", "https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20060726091411AArN5mu", "http://commissionerleonard.typepad.com/commissioner_randy_leonar/2011/03/10-most-common-causes-of-house-fires-.html", "http://www.readersdigest.ca/home-garden/cleaning/top-10-causes-house-fires/", "http://commissionerleonard.typepad.com/commissioner_randy_leonar/2011/03/10-most-common-causes-of-house-fires-.html", "http://www.propertycasualty360.com/2015/02/23/its-house-fire-season-here-are-the-8-most-common-f", "http://shareranks.com/3587,Most-common-causes-of-domestic-fires-in-the-Us", "http://commissionerleonard.typepad.com/commissioner_randy_leonar/2011/03/10-most-common-causes-of-house-fires-.html" ] }

[]

[ "$2,500 per acre" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "At $4,455 per ton for grapes and 4.5 tons per acre the gross returns is $20,000, giving $3,700 per acre net profit. Of course, a different yield or price per acre changes that calculation dramatically. At 3.5 tons per acre and $4,455 per ton, the grower would lose $450 per acre. At $5,805 per ton for grapes and the same yield, the grower would net almost $10,000, but few growers can expect both high prices and high yields.", "Producing vineyards. Once the vineyard is producing, total cash annual operating costs are about $5,600 (less interest), plus $2,000 for overhead and $8,600 in non-cash overhead (particularly recovering land and planting) for total costs of $16,300 per acre. Of course, a different yield or price per acre changes that calculation dramatically. At 3.5 tons per acre and $4,455 per ton, the grower would lose $450 per acre. At $5,805 per ton for grapes and the same yield, the grower would net almost $10,000, but few growers can expect both high prices and high yields.", "Yield is roughly 5 tons per acre, on mature vines (3-4 years old). The average price of Sonoma grapes is just under $2,000 per ton (higher in some areas, lower in others). Each acre should generate $10,000 + in revenue annually. After deducting the farming costs that leaves roughly $7,000 +/- $500 revenue. If you were to invest in a 10 acre farm the cost of the initial investment (excluding land price) would likely be $250,000. Add in the cost of land (at about $100,000 per acre) you are up to $1,250,000 initial investment. Assuming some mix of equity and loans 40/60 is typical you would be servicing about about $600,000 in debt over a 20 year period = $4500/month or $54,000/ year. Back to yields: If you plant a mix of grapes and can manage to yield $2,500 per acre you will generate about $125,000 per year in revenue.", "A common question every winery gets asked is how much it costs to plant an acre of grapes. The list below shows approximate prices to put in one acre of grapes. That's 15 rows, 90m in length, 3m apart and a vine every 2m. ", "Regional comparison. By comparison, a similar costs report in Napa County for 1,555 vines per acre yielding 4.5 tons per acre would result in total cash costs per acre of $31,983, $5,212 and $5,251 for the first three years, but the income would total $4,455 per acre (with 1 ton in the third year.). Sixty acres of vines being replanted are the basis of this study; the farm also has 135 acres of mature vineyards in production. Roads, irrigation systems, fencing and farmstead occupy 5 acres of the property. Land in this area costs $11,000-$30,000 per acre.", "The water needed by vines varies greatly with growing conditions, so judging how much water a new vineyard may require is difficult. Planting Costs. Contractors charge from $15,000 to $35,000 per acre to plant new vineyards on clear land. These costs include land preparation, an irrigation system, a trellis system and planting with grafted cuttings. Costs can be even higher when new vineyards require extensive grading, drilling wells, etc. Crop size depends on the grape variety, weather, soil conditions, vine density, water, etc. One to two tons per acre is usual for old, dry farmed vineyards planted in the cool coastal regions of California. Fruit from old vines often display concentrated flavors, and the intense flavors carry over into the wine.", "Old cultivations have 4000 -6000 grapevines/hectare or 1600 - 2400 grapevines/acre (1 hectare = 2,5 acres). It has been found that the ideal density of planting vines is at least 4000 grapevines per hectare (1600 grapevines per hectare). Some wine producers sow almost 5000 to 6000 grapevines per hectare (2000 to 2400 grapevines per acre). The greater the planting density, the greater the struggle for sustenance between every grapevine which tends to reduce the yield and weight of grapes considerably, and the harvest would get intensified.", "Production begins in year 3 with 1 ton of wine grapes per acre and increases to 3 tons at full production. Total variable costs are $11,235 in the first year with an additional $166 of cash fixed costs for a total cash cost of $11,401 per acre. A planting density of 1,245 grafted vines per acre (5' x 7') vine and row spacing with a productive life of 25 years, once full production of 3 ton per acre is reached. 3. The wine grape vineyard is trained to a vertically shoot positioned system. 4. Wine grape prices are $2,300 per ton", "Output Price Vineyard profitability is highly affected by the price of grapes. As shown in Table 13, a $150 per ton reduction in output price from $1,300 to $1,150 per ton reduced the investment return by nearly 50 percent ($13,586 to $6,891 per acre). " ], "url": [ "http://www.winesandvines.com/template.cfm?section=news&content=99785", "http://www.winesandvines.com/template.cfm?section=news&content=99785", "https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20070630211238AAVmbOk", "http://ezinearticles.com/?What-Does-it-Cost-to-Plant-1-Acre-of-Vines&id=1588223", "http://www.winesandvines.com/template.cfm?section=news&content=105157", "http://grangettosnews.com/news/12/01/grapes.html", "https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20101221015337AA6i7XW", "http://arec.oregonstate.edu/oaeb/files/pdf/EM8969-E.pdf", "http://coopext.colostate.edu/WR/costofgrowinggrapes.pdf" ] }

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[ "Premarket approval (PMA) is the FDA process of scientific and regulatory review to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of Class III medical devices." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Contrasted with the premarket notification process, the PMA (premarket approval) process is more rigorous because it requires a device sponsor to demonstrate that its device is safe and effective for its intended use, based on scientific evidence. Class III medical devices, or high-risk medical devices, are typically subject to the most stringent regulatory requirements, including the submission of a premarket approval application (“PMA”).", "A Premarket Approval (PMA) application is a scientific, regulatory documentation to FDA to demonstrate the safety and effectiveness of the class III device. There are administrative elements of a PMA application, but good science and scientific writing is a key to the approval of PMA application. If the regulation in the CFR states that “No effective date has been established of the requirement for premarket approval,” a Class III 510(k) should be submitted. Please note that PMA devices often involve new concepts and many are not of a type marketed prior to the Medical Device Amendments.", "Premarket Approval. The FDA regulates medical devices on a three-tier, risk-based approach. Class III medical devices, or high-risk medical devices, are typically subject to the most stringent regulatory requirements, including the submission of a premarket approval application (“PMA”).", "Premarket approval (PMA) is the FDA process of scientific and regulatory review to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of Class III medical devices. ", "Premarket Approval. Premarket approval (PMA) is the most stringent type of device marketing application required by the FDA and is required for new devices for which there is no existing equivalent or predicate (Class III devices). ", "The regulation governing premarket approval is located in Title 21 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) Part 814, Premarket Approval. A class III device that fails to meet PMA requirements is considered to be adulterated under section 501(f) of the FD&C Act and cannot be marketed. [ back to top ]. If the regulation in the CFR states that “No effective date has been established of the requirement for premarket approval,” a Class III 510(k) should be submitted. Please note that PMA devices often involve new concepts and many are not of a type marketed prior to the Medical Device Amendments.", "Therefore, these devices require a premarket approval (PMA) application under section 515 of the FD&C Act in order to obtain marketing clearance. Please note that some Class III preamendment devices may require a Class III 510(k). If the regulation in the CFR states that “No effective date has been established of the requirement for premarket approval,” a Class III 510(k) should be submitted. Please note that PMA devices often involve new concepts and many are not of a type marketed prior to the Medical Device Amendments.", "The FDA PMA approval process is more complex and time-consuming than 510(k) premarket notification, and requires considerable preparation and resources. There are five general components to the FDA PMA approval process for medical devices: 1 Pre-Submission (pre-sub). 2 Investigational Device Exemption (IDE). 3 Premarket Approval.", "Devices marketed for such purposes require premarket approval, which the manufacturers know they could not obtain. FDA regulatory officials are aware of the illegal marketing and have issued a few warning letters [5]. However, the agency has not made a systematic effort to drive them from the marketplace. Because of the nature of the laws underlying this process, a successful submission is deemed to be “cleared.” Clearance of a Premarket Notification submission by CDRH confers permission to market the new device. By legal definition, it is NOT an “approval” process.", "premarket approval (PMA). [-mar′kit]. permission given by the federal government to equipment manufacturers to sell their devices to the medical profession. Medical devices A scientific and regulatory review by the FDA to ensure the safety and effectiveness of a Class III device, before its approval for marketing. " ], "url": [ "http://giannamore-law.com/our-services/premarket-approval-pma/", "http://www.fda.gov/MedicalDevices/DeviceRegulationandGuidance/HowtoMarketYourDevice/PremarketSubmissions/PremarketApprovalPMA/default.htm", "http://giannamore-law.com/our-services/premarket-approval-pma/", "http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfPMA/pma.cfm", "http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/807243_2", "http://www.fda.gov/MedicalDevices/DeviceRegulationandGuidance/HowtoMarketYourDevice/PremarketSubmissions/PremarketApprovalPMA/default.htm", "http://www.fda.gov/MedicalDevices/DeviceRegulationandGuidance/HowtoMarketYourDevice/PremarketSubmissions/PremarketApprovalPMA/default.htm", "http://www.emergogroup.com/services/united-states/fda-premarket-approval", "http://devicewatch.org/reg/510k.shtml", "http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Premarket+Approval" ] }

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[ "The telencephalon (or cerebrum) consists of two cerebral hemispheres plus a small mid-line component called lamina terminalis." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "diencephalon. 1. the posterior part of the prosencephalon, consisting of the hypothalamus, thalamus, metathalamus, and epithalamus; the subthalamus is often considered to be a distinct division. See also brainstem. 2. the posterior of the two brain vesicles formed by specialization of the prosencephalon in the developing embryo. Etymology: Gk, di + enkephalon, brain. the portion of the brain between the cerebrum and the mesencephalon. It consists of the hypothalamus, thalamus, metathalamus, and the epithalamus and includes most of the third ventricle. , pl.", "The metencephalon is the embryonic part of the hindbrain that differentiates into the pons and the cerebellum. It contains a portion of the fourth ventricle and the trigeminal nerve (CN V), abducens nerve (CN VI), facial nerve (CN VII), and a portion of the vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII). ", "Telencephalon. The telencephalon (or cerebrum) consists of two cerebral hemispheres plus a small mid-line component called lamina terminalis. The lamina terminalis forms the rostral wall of the third ventricle and contains the rostral commissure. Cerebral white matter contains fibers that connect neighboring or distant gyri, fibers that communicate between hemispheres, and fibers that connect the hemisphere with the brainstem. The corpus callosum is a mass of fibers that connect right and left cerebral hemispheres.", "Prosencephalon, Forebrain. The forebrain controls nearly all processes in the Central Nervous System. It consists of the Cerebrum (Telencephalon) and the Diencephalon. Some scientists use the terms Prosencephalon (Forebrain) and Telencephalon synonymously; normally 'Telencephalon' is only used for the Cerebrum without the Diencephalon. Source: Project HOPES, Standford University (edited).", "The supratentorial contents can be divided into the posterior part called diencephalon, and the anterior part called telencephalon, or cerebrum. Furthermore, the telencephalon consists of the cerebral hemispheres, white matter under the cortices, and the basal ganglia. Knowledge of the parts of the telencephalon is important for neurologists and neurosurgeons because the manifestations of diseases differ according to what region is affected. The telencephalon is more commonly known as the cerebrum. A horizontal membrane called the telencephalon divides the lower posterior fossa and upper supratentorial levels of the brain.", "diencephalon. 1. the posterior part of the forebrain, consisting of the hypothalamus, thalamus, metathalamus, and epithalamus; the subthalamus is often recognized as a distinct division. Etymology: Gk, di + enkephalon, brain. the portion of the brain between the cerebrum and the mesencephalon. It consists of the hypothalamus, thalamus, metathalamus, and the epithalamus and includes most of the third ventricle. , pl.", "1 Introduction: the telencephalon is the most rostral part of the brain vesicle and consists of 2 lateral outpocketings, the cerebral hemispheres, and a median part, the lamina terminalis. ", "Superficial gray matter of the cerebral hemisphere is called cerebral cortex (most of the cortex is neocortex, in contrast to old paleocortex of the piriform lobe). The cortical surface features sulci (grooves) and gyri (ridges). Cerebral white matter contains fibers that connect neighboring or distant gyri, fibers that communicate between hemispheres, and fibers that connect the hemisphere with the brainstem. The corpus callosum is a mass of fibers that connect right and left cerebral hemispheres.", "The cerebrum is a large part of the brain containing the cerebral cortex (of the two cerebral hemispheres), as well as several subcortical structures, including the hippocampus, basal ganglia, and olfactory bulb. In humans, the cerebrum is the superior-most region of the central nervous system. The telencephalon is the embryonic structure from which the cerebrum develops prenatally. In mammals, the dorsal telencephalon, or pallium, develops into the cerebral cortex, and the ventral telencephalon, or subpallium, becomes the basal ganglia. The cerebrum is made up of the two cerebral hemispheres and their cortices, (the outer layers of gray matter), and the underlying regions of white matter." ], "url": [ "http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/diencephalon", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metencephalon", "http://vanat.cvm.umn.edu/neurLab3/telenceph.html", "http://brain-maps.com/forebrain-prosencephalon.html", "http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-the-telencephalon.htm", "http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/diencephalon", "http://discovery.lifemapsc.com/library/review-of-medical-embryology/chapter-155-the-brain-the-telencephalon-first-vesicle", "http://vanat.cvm.umn.edu/neurLab3/telenceph.html", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerebrum" ] }

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[ "Athens, Greece" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Early life. Plato was born in Athens, Greece, the son of Ariston and Perictione, both of Athenian noble backgrounds. He lived his whole life in Athens, although he traveled to Sicily and southern Italy on several occasions. One story says he traveled to Egypt. ", "Plato was born around 428 B.C., during the final years of the Golden Age of Pericles’ Athens. He was of noble Athenian lineage on both sides. His father Ariston died when he was a child. His mother Perictione remarried the politician Pyrilampes. The Athenian philosopher Plato (c.428-347 B.C.) is one of the most important figures of the Ancient Greek world and the entire history of Western thought. In his written dialogues he conveyed and expanded on the ideas and techniques of his teacher Socrates.", "Biography: Plato was a classical Greek philosopher born 428-7 B.C.E and died in 348-7 B.C.E at the age of 80-81. The trio of Plato, Socrates (his teacher) and Aristotle (his student) they laid the fundamentals of Western philosophy. According to Diogenes' Plato's birth was a result of Ariston's rape of Perictione. He had two older brothers Glaucon and Adeimantus, and a sister, Potone. Plato also had a half brother, Antiphon when his mother remarried after his father died.", "Best Answer: Plato, the Greek philosopher who was also the student of Socrates and the teacher of Aristotle. Born in Athens, Greece about 428BC. · just now. Report Abuse. Plato was born in Athens in 427/428 b.c. and when Socrates was Forty-two and the day he was really born was the day he met Socrates.", "Socrates was born first. According to most people, Plato wrote about Socrates and his encounters, but in his later years started to write his own philosophy as if Socrat … es had said it. Aristotle was a student of Plato, and was very critical of his thinking. 6 people found this useful. ", "Born circa 428 B.C.E., ancient Greek philosopher Plato was a student of Socrates and a teacher of Aristotle. His writings explored justice, beauty and equality, and also contained discussions in aesthetics, political philosophy, theology, cosmology, epistemology and the philosophy of language. Traditional history estimates Plato's birth was around 428 B.C.E., but more modern scholars, tracing later events in his life, believe he was born between 424 and 423 B.C.E. Both of his parents came from the Greek aristocracy. Plato's father, Ariston, descended from the kings of Athens and Messenia", "Plato was born Dana Michelle Strain on November 7, 1964 in Maywood, California, to Linda Strain, an unwed teenager who was already caring for an 18-month-old child. Seven months after her birth, in June 1965, she was adopted by Dean Plato, who owned a trucking company, and his wife Florine Kay Plato. ", "Diogenes' claim that Plato was born the year Pericles died would put his birth in 429. Later (at 3.6), Diogenes says that Plato was twenty-eight when Socrates was put to death (in 399), which would, again, put his year of birth at 427. Plato (427—347 B.C.E.). Plato is one of the world's best known and most widely read and studied philosophers. He was the student of Socrates and the teacher of Aristotle, and he wrote in the middle of the fourth century B.C.E. in ancient Greece." ], "url": [ "http://www.notablebiographies.com/Pe-Pu/Plato.html", "http://www.history.com/topics/ancient-history/plato", "http://www.ancientgreece.com/s/People/Plato/", "https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20061003053910AAlkHvd", "http://www.answers.com/Q/Where_and_when_was_Plato_born", "http://www.biography.com/people/plato-9442588", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dana_Plato", "http://www.iep.utm.edu/plato/" ] }

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[ "The residential schools was the education, integration, assimilation and “Christianization” of Aboriginal children into mainstream Canadian society." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "A boarding school is a school where some or all pupils study and live during the school year with their fellow students and possibly teachers or principals. The word 'boarding' is used in the sense of bed and board, i.e., lodging and meals. In the United States, boarding schools for students below the age of 13 are called junior boarding schools, and are not as common and not as encouraged as in the United Kingdom and India. The oldest junior boarding school in the United States is the Fay School in Southborough, Massachusetts.", "The boarding school experience for Indian children began in 1860 when the Bureau of Indian Affairs established the first Indian boarding school on the Yakima Indian Reservation in the state of Washington. For Col. Richard Henry Pratt, the goal was complete assimilation. In 1879, he established the most well known of the off-reservation boarding schools, the Carlisle Indian School in Carlisle, Pennsylvania.", "Two primary objectives of the residential school system were to remove and isolate children from the influence of their homes, families, traditions and cultures, and to assimilate them into the dominant culture. In the 1880s, in conjunction with other federal assimilation policies, the government began to establish residential schools across Canada. Authorities would frequently take children to schools far from their home communities, part of a strategy to alienate them from their families and familiar surroundings.", "Living conditions at the residential schools. The purpose of the residential schools was to eliminate all aspects of Aboriginal culture. Students had their hair cut short, they were dressed in uniforms, and their days were strictly regimented by timetables. Boys and girls were kept separate, and even siblings rarely interacted, further weakening family ties. In the 1880s, in conjunction with other federal assimilation policies, the government began to establish residential schools across Canada. Authorities would frequently take children to schools far from their home communities, part of a strategy to alienate them from their families and familiar surroundings.", "It is generally thought that residential schools were around from somewhere along 1870-1910. However, there are ma … ny sources that suggest some were still in effect well into the 1980s. The last one closed in 1996. Initially, residential schools were used for the purpose of assimilation of Aboriginal Children. The concept was to cure them of their Aboriginal customs and heritage. By 1920, it was compulsory for ALL Aboriginal children aged 7-15 to attend residential schools. They were forcibly taken from their homes. ", "Residential Schools. The purpose of the residential schools was the education, integration, assimilation and “Christianization” of Aboriginal children into mainstream Canadian society. The government removed Aboriginal children from their homes and home communities, and transported them to residential schools which were often long distances away. The residential school system predates Confederation and in part grew out of Canada’s missionary experience with various religious organizations.", "Compensation called Common Experience Payments was made available to residential schools students who were alive as of May 30, 2005. Former residential school students are eligible for $10,000 for the first year or part of a year they attended school, plus $3,000 for each subsequent year. The government felt children were easier to mold than adults, and the concept of a boarding school was the best way to prepare them for life in mainstream society. Residential schools were federally run, under the Department of Indian Affairs. Attendance was mandatory.", "One of the most acrimonious issues to result from the Treaty process is the dark legacy of the residential school system. The purpose of the residential schools in Canada was to educate and civilize or westernize the First Nation peoples in order that they adopt a more western-that is European-lifestyle. The schools first appeared in Western Canada in 1883-84, with schools opened in Qu'Appelle, High River and Battleford. By 1898, there were 54 schools nation-wide, which increased to 74 schools in 1920. In the same year, the Department of Indian Affairs decided to make school mandatory for children aged 7 to 15." ], "url": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boarding_school", "http://www.nrcprograms.org/site/PageServer?pagename=airc_hist_boardingschools", "http://indigenousfoundations.arts.ubc.ca/home/government-policy/the-residential-school-system.html", "http://indigenousfoundations.arts.ubc.ca/home/government-policy/the-residential-school-system.html", "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_was_the_purpose_of_residential_schools", "http://esask.uregina.ca/entry/residential_schools.html", "http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/a-history-of-residential-schools-in-canada-1.702280", "http://wayback.archive-it.org/2217/20101208174512/http:/www.albertasource.ca/treaty8/eng/1899_and_After/Implications_and_Contentions/residential_schools.html" ] }

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[ "Handsome" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Meaning & History. Anglicized form of both COINNEACH and CINAED. Cináed this name was borne by The scottish King (Kenneth) cinaed Cináed, mac alpin who United the Scots and picts in the. 9th century it was popularized Outside of Scotland By Sir, walter scott who used it for the hero in 'His Novel' (the). talisman 1825", "Kenneth /ken-neth/ [2 sylls.] as a boys' name is pronounced KEN-eth. It is of Irish and Gaelic origin, and the meaning of Kenneth is fire born; good-looking. Art historian Kenneth Clark; actor Kenneth Branagh. Kreatif forms: Keeneth, Kerneth, Kinneth. Kenneth is a very prominent first name for men (#17 out of 1220, Top 1%) and also a very prominent last name for both adults and children (#33090 out of 150436, Top 22%). (2000 U.S. Census). Displayed below is the baby name popularity of Kenneth for boys.", "Meaning of Kenneth. English name. In English, the name Kenneth means-Royal obligation; Good-looking; fair.. Other origins for the name Kenneth include-English, Irish, Celtic, Scottish.The name Kenneth is most often used as a boy name or male name. English Name Meaning-Royal obligation; Good-looking; fair", "Origin of the name Kenneth: Of Scottish origin, Kenneth is the Anglicized form of the Gaelic Cinaed and Cionaed (born of fire), and Coinneach and Caoineach (comely, handsome). Short: Ken. Pet: Kenny. From A World of Baby Names by Teresa Norman. ", "The name Kenneth is an American baby name. In American the meaning of the name Kenneth is: Handsome. Scottish Meaning: The name Kenneth is a Scottish baby name. In Scottish the meaning of the name Kenneth is: Handsome. Root of the surname MacKenzie. Famous Bearer: Kenneth Grahame (1859- 1932), author of The Wind in the Willows. English Meaning: The name Kenneth is an English baby name. ", "The name Ken is an English baby name. In English the meaning of the name Ken is: Royal obligation. Abbreviation of names beginning with 'Ken-'. Japanese Meaning: The name Ken is a Japanese baby name. In Japanese the meaning of the name Ken is: Strong; physically healthy. Scottish Meaning: The name Ken is a Scottish baby name. In Scottish the meaning of the name Ken is: Handsome. Root of the surname MacKenzie. Famous Bearer: Kenneth Grahame (1859- 1932), author of The Wind in the Willows. ", "[ 2 syll. ken-net(h) , ke-nne-th ] The baby boy name Kenneth is pronounced as K EH NNeh-TH †. Kenneth is primarily used in English, Gaelic, and Scottish, and it is of Celtic origin. Kenneth's meaning is fair and fiery. It is derived from the element 'caomh' which is of the meaning fair, comely, gentle. ", "Kenneth is an English given name and surname. The name is an Anglicised form of two entirely different Gaelic personal names: Cainnech and Cinaed. The modern Gaelic form of Cainnech is Coinneach; the name was derived from a byname meaning handsome, comely. The name Cinaed is partly derived from the Celtic *aidhu, meaning fire. A short form of Kenneth is Ken. A pet form of Kenneth is Kenny" ], "url": [ "http://www.behindthename.com/name/kenneth", "http://www.thinkbabynames.com/meaning/1/Kenneth", "http://meaning-of-names.com/english-names/kenneth.asp", "http://www.babynamewizard.com/baby-name/boy/kenneth", "http://www.sheknows.com/baby-names/name/kenneth", "http://www.sheknows.com/baby-names/name/ken", "http://www.babynamespedia.com/meaning/Kenneth", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenneth" ] }

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[ "The word mascara derives from the Italian maschera, which means mask from Middle Latin masca or Arabic Maskhara or from Old Occitan masco." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Have you ever wondered where mascara comes from or how it was invented? The first commercially produced mascara was invented by Eugene Rimmel (I’m assuming there’s a Rimmel Cosmetics connection there) in the 19th century. The word “rimmel” means mascara in several languages. Modern mascara was first invented in 1913. It consisted of coal dust and Vaseline petroleum jelly. The chemist who came up with the idea was T.L. Williams. He was trying to find a solution for his sister, Mabel’s sparse lashes. William’s invention was a hit thus spawning Maybelline. For years mascara came in a cake form. Max Factor was the first company to put mascara into a tube with a wand applicator. Today there are millions of tubes of mascara sold yearly in the United States.", "Report Abuse. The first mascara product was invented by Eugene Rimmel in the 19th century. The word rimmel still means mascara in several languages, including French and Italian. The word mascara derives from the Spanish word mascara máscara or The italian, maschera which means. mask Best Answer: Eugene Rimmel in the 19th century invented the mascara. The word rimmel still means mascara in several languages, including French and Italian. you can go to http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mascara for more detailed info............", "Mascara is a cosmetic commonly used to enhance the eyes. It may darken, thicken, lengthen, and/or define the eyelashes. Normally in one of three forms—liquid, cake, or cream—the modern mascara product has various formulas; however, most contain the same basic components of pigments, oils, waxes, and preservatives.", "Lash of the Mohicans. Claim: Maybelline, the first commercial mascara, was named for a real person. Origins: Lash-darkening products have been part of the feminine. arsenal for thousands of years, but it took the primping sister of a entrepreneurial brother to bring mascara to market in modern times. Ancient Greek women brushed black incense into their eyebrows and eyelashes", "The Collins English Dictionary defines mascara as a cosmetic substance for darkening, lengthening, curling, coloring, and thickening the eyelashes, applied with a brush or rod.. The Oxford English Dictionary (OED) adds that mascara is occasionally used on the eyebrows as well. It may darken, thicken, lengthen, and/or define the eyelashes. Normally in one of three forms—liquid, cake, or cream—the modern mascara product has various formulas; however, most contain the same basic components of pigments, oils, waxes, and preservatives.", "Eugene Rimmel invented the first mascara in the late 19th century. A more modern mascara was invented by T.L. Williams in 1913, and it was a cake like substance. The mas … cara that we see today was invented by Helena Rubenstein. ", "Eugene Rimmel invented the first mascara in the late 19th century. A more modern mascara was invented by T.L. Williams in 1913, and it was a cake like substance. The mas … cara that we see today was invented by Helena Rubenstein. The word mascara derives from the Italian maschera, which means mask from Middle Latin masca or Arabic Maskhara or from Old Occitan masco. Source: ht … tp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mascara.", "Today, mascara is known as a beauty product, but the history of mascara proves mascara originated to ward off evil spirits and ill-wishers. Ancient Egyptians play a large part of the rich history of mascara. Dating as far as 3400-30 B.C., Egyptians used bone and ivory as mascara applicators, and blended kohl with crocodile dung, water and honey to create the first mascara. Egyptians lined their eyes with kohl and used the mascara to deepen their lashes." ], "url": [ "https://whatsonherface.wordpress.com/2010/02/01/where-does-mascara-come-from/", "https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20061126201154AAInV02", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mascara", "http://www.snopes.com/business/names/mascara.asp", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mascara", "http://www.answers.com/Q/Where_does_mascara_come_from", "http://www.answers.com/Q/Where_did_mascara_originate_from", "http://makeup.lovetoknow.com/History_of_Mascara" ] }

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[ "Rapeseed, alfalfa, barley, canola, flax, rye, and oats are other popularly grown grain crops.Wheat is a staple crop from Canada." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "The United States is a market leader in many of the world's major crops. Understanding where and when major US crops are grown can help Canadian farmers market their crops. Reports on US seeded acreage, growing conditions, weather forecasts, production reports, and harvest progress are all relevant for Canadian farmers. The second largest crop grown in the US is soybeans. As with corn, soybeans are primarily grown in the Midwestern states. The US barley crop is of most interest to Canadian malt barley growers. US barley is grown over a wide area geographically and the US produces about 60 per cent as much barley as Canada", "Saskatchewan is Canada's leading producer of wheat. Over 54 percent of Canada's wheat comes from Saskatchewan. One third of the province is cultivated land. The province is also a major producer of cattle and hogs. Saskatchewan ranks second as a producer of beef cattle. (Alberta ranks first). Most of the ranches are in southwestern part of the province. ", "Answer by Joan McHale. Confidence votes 3.0K. Wheat, hay, barley, canola, oats, corn and soybeans are grown in Canada. Canada is the second largest country in the world and is sparsely populated so there is lots of land for farming. Along with the crops already listed, peas, lentils, beans, mustard seed and even Canary seed is also produced", "The nation's main crops are wheat, barley, corn, potatoes, soybeans, rice, and sugar beets. The dominant crop is wheat. In 1998 Canada produced 24,076,300 tons of wheat. However, there is less wheat under cultivation in Canada than at any time in the 20th century. This is the result of increased diversification and low worldwide wheat prices. The number-two crop was barley and the country harvested some 12,708,700 tons of it. Total crop output in 1998 was 53,701,500 tons", "The list goes on! Agriculture also has a major impact on the economy. Canola-now the oil of choice for millions around the world-was developed by Canadian scientists and planted by Canadian farmers. In 2013, Canada contributed 33% to global canola exports. As you might expect, AAFC helps farmers and industry feed our country, but this is just the tip of the iceberg lettuce! We are working to grow Canada's exports, while providing leadership in the growth and development of a competitive, innovative and sustainable Canadian agriculture and agri-food industry.", "In 1925, Saskatchewan produced over half of the wheat in the Dominion of Canada, threshing in excess of 240,000,000 bushels (6,500,000 metric tons) of wheat. Rapeseed, alfalfa, barley, canola, flax, rye, and oats are other popularly grown grain crops. Wheat is a staple crop from Canada. The Canada Agriculture Museum preserves Canadian agricultural history. In 2015, there are approximately 20,000 farms in B.C. that are involved in agricultural activity, such as dairy, livestock, fruit and vegetable farming.", "Major Crops in the United States. Corn, wheat, soybeans, cotton, and hay account for 90% of harvested acreage in the United States. Corn, wheat, and soybeans are grown for both animal feed and human consumption. Cotton is used to make clothing and other products." ], "url": [ "http://www1.agric.gov.ab.ca/$department/deptdocs.nsf/all/sis5219", "http://www.aitc.sk.ca/saskschools/sask/farm.html", "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_crops_are_grown_in_Canada", "http://www.nationsencyclopedia.com/economies/Americas/Canada-AGRICULTURE.html", "http://www.agr.gc.ca/eng/about-us/publications/we-grow-a-lot-more-than-you-may-think/?id=1251899760841", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agriculture_in_Canada", "http://crosscurrents.hawaii.edu/content.aspx?lang=eng&site=us&theme=food&subtheme=CROPS&unit=USFOOD012" ] }

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[ "$470 million" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Tom Cruise net worth is estimated at $480 million. Born Thomas Cruise Mapother IV is a 3 time Oscar nominated American actor and a multi-millionaire film producer. Tom Cruise net worth came from his works as an actor and as film producer but majority of his wealth came from his box office movies.", "Tom Cruise net worth: $470 Million. Tom Cruise Net Worth: Tom Cruise is an American actor and producer who has a net worth of $470 million. Over the last three decades, Tom Cruise has starred in dozens of major blockbuster movies and is generally considered one of the biggest stars in Hollywood.", "American film actor and producer, Tom Cruise has an estimated net worth of $480 million. Tom Cruise made a strong impression in the teen comedy Risky Business (1983) and then had his first box-office smash as the fighter jock Maverick in Top Gun (1986).", "Tom Cruise is an American producer, director and actor. Tom Cruise net worth is estimated about 450 million USD. Tom has starred in dozens of big blockbuster films, in the last three decades. He is considered one the most famous and biggest celebrity in the world of entertainment especially in Hollywood.", "Tom Cruise's net worth may significantly change as he sells his Colorado estate for $59 million, the home he shared with ex-wife Katie Holmes. The award-winning actor is definitely one of the most in demand stars in the Hollywood as well as the busiest.", "Tom Cruise Net Worth: Tom Cruise is an American actor and producer who has a net worth of $470 million. Over the last three decades, Tom Cruise has starred in dozens of major blockbuster movies and is generally considered one of the biggest stars in Hollywood.", "Tom Cruise is an actor and producer. He has been nominated for three Academy Awards and has won three Golden Globe Awards. Tom Cruise started his career at age 19 in the 1981 film Taps. His first leading role was in Risky Business, released in August 1983." ], "url": [ "http://www.bornrich.com/tom-cruise.html", "http://www.celebritynetworth.com/richest-celebrities/actors/tom-cruise-net-worth/", "http://www.therichest.com/celebnetworth/celeb/actors/tom-cruise-net-worth/", "http://celebritypost.net/tom-cruise-net-worth/", "http://www.travelerstoday.com/articles/13820/20141106/tom,cruises,net,worth,may,significantly,change,as,he,sells,his,colorado,estate,for,59,million,the,home,he,shared,with,ex,wife,katie,holmes.htm", "http://www.celebritynetworth.com/dl/tom-cruise-net-worth/", "http://www.celebritiesnetworth.org/tom-cruise/" ] }

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[ "About 2 weeks later." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "The most common early menstrual irregularity noticed in the perimenopause is a shortening of cycle length. Women with prior 28 day cycles will commonly describe 24 to 26 day cycles during the early perimenopause. Eventually, the cycle length widens and skipping menses typically occurs. ", "During a normal menstrual cycle, the levels of the hormones estrogen and progesterone increase and decrease in a regular pattern. Ovulation occurs in the middle of the cycle, and menstruation occurs about 2 weeks later. During perimenopause, hormone levels may not follow this regular pattern. Menopause is defined as the absence of menstrual periods for 1 year. The average age of menopause is 51 years, but the normal range is 45 years to 55 years. The years leading up to this point are called perimenopause.", "As menopause approaches, women's hormones become imbalanced, and because the menstrual cycle is entirely dependent upon hormones, irregular periods often occur. Keep reading to learn more about irregular periods and their symptoms, common causes, and treatment options. It is also responsible for controlling the intensity and duration of menstrual bleeding. When it declines in menopause, it can lead to irregular periods. During anovulation, which is common with irregular periods in menopause, progesterone is not produced. This can lead to estrogen build-up.", "Perimenopause, which means around menopause , refers to the 2 to 8 years of changing hormone levels and related symptoms that lead up to menopause. The most common sign of perimenopause is longer, often irregular menstrual cycles that are caused by hormonal ups and downs. See a doctor for menstrual bleeding that lasts longer than 7 days or for cycles that are shorter than 21 days or longer than 35 days. For more information, see the topics: 1 Abnormal Uterine Bleeding. 2 Menopause and Perimenopause.", "Menopause is the point in time when a woman's menstrual periods stop. Menopause happens because the ovaries stop producing the hormones estrogen and progesterone. Once you have gone through menopause, you can't get pregnant anymore. Some changes that might start in the years around menopause include: 1 Irregular periods. 2 Your periods can come more often or less, last more days or fewer, and be lighter or heavier. 3 Do not assume that missing a couple of periods means you are beginning the menopausal transition.", "On average, a menstrual cycle lasts about 28 days, but anywhere between 21 and 35 days may be considered normal. One of the first signs of changing hormone levels is a change in the pattern of your monthly period. As your body transitions to menopause you may experience a range of symptoms that include changes in: ", "In general, irregular periods are very common during the perimenopause. The most common early menstrual irregularity noticed in the perimenopause is a shortening of cycle length. Women with prior 28 day cycles will commonly describe 24 to 26 day cycles during the early perimenopause. Eventually, the cycle length widens and skipping menses typically occurs. During the perimenopausal period, the most likely explanation for your irregular cycles is menopause. Perimenopause refers to the time before menopause when hormone levels, particularly estrogen, begin fluctuating. Perimenopause occurs, on average, about four years before actual", "For the first few years after menstruation begins, longer cycles are common. A woman's cycle tends to shorten and become more regular with age. Most of the time, periods will be in the range of 21 to 35 days apart. When you menstruate, your body sheds the lining of the uterus (womb). Menstrual blood flows from the uterus through the small opening in the cervix and passes out of the body through the vagina (see how the menstrual cycle works below). Most menstrual periods last from 3 to 5 days.", "It also prepares your body for pregnancy each month. A cycle is counted from the first day of 1 period to the first day of the next period. The average menstrual cycle is 28 days long. Cycles can range anywhere from 21 to 35 days in adults and from 21 to 45 days in young teens. The rise and fall of levels of hormones during the month control the menstrual cycle. When you menstruate, your body sheds the lining of the uterus (womb). Menstrual blood flows from the uterus through the small opening in the cervix and passes out of the body through the vagina (see how the menstrual cycle works below). Most menstrual periods last from 3 to 5 days." ], "url": [ "http://www.menopauserx.com/library/explained.htm", "http://www.acog.org/Patients/FAQs/Perimenopausal-Bleeding-and-Bleeding-After-Menopause", "http://www.34-menopause-symptoms.com/irregular-periods.htm", "http://www.webmd.com/women/tc/normal-menstrual-cycle-perimenopausal-menstrual-cycle", "http://www.womenshealth.gov/menopause/menopause-basics/", "http://www.webmd.boots.com/menopause/guide/heavy-periods-menopause", "http://menopause-aid.blogspot.com/2011/03/irregular-periods-during-menopause.html", "http://www.womenshealth.gov/publications/our-publications/fact-sheet/menstruation.html", "http://www.womenshealth.gov/publications/our-publications/fact-sheet/menstruation.html" ] }

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[ "I am saddened to hear of your loss. My thoughts and prayers are with you. Extending heartfelt condolences at this time as we remember someone who was a hard worker, someone who stood on principles and a mentor to her co-workers. My deepest condolences on your passing.May his memories bring you comfort at this sad time." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Often, not knowing what to say, we put off writing the note and eventually don't say anything. The intention to write is there, but what to say isn't easy or obvious. I decided to write a blog post on writing a condolence letter. This is a list of suggestions. I know each loss is specific and personal in tiny ways and big ways, and that it is impossible to capture the specificity of loss in a template condolence letter. ", "I am saddened to hear of your loss. My thoughts and prayers are with you. Extending heartfelt condolences at this time as we remember someone who was a hard worker, someone who stood on principles and a mentor to her co-workers at _______. My deepest condolences on your _______'s passing. May his memories bring you comfort at this sad time.", "1 Sympathy Words and Sayings Examples-Say the right thing to express your sympathies correctly. 2 Letter Examples-Examples of what to write to someone that has recently lost someone. 3 Messages Examples-The etiquette of writing and saying sympathy messages to the bereaved. My thoughts and prayers are with you. Extending heartfelt condolences at this time as we remember someone who was a hard worker, someone who stood on principles and a mentor to her co-workers at _______. My deepest condolences on your _______'s passing. May his memories bring you comfort at this sad time.", "There are times when sending condolences by email is appropriate – if you are away and cannot contact them otherwise, or if you know the grieving person only casually and communicate mainly by email. Below, you will find examples of condolence emails to help you find the right words. My thoughts and prayers are with you. Extending heartfelt condolences at this time as we remember someone who was a hard worker, someone who stood on principles and a mentor to her co-workers at _______. My deepest condolences on your _______'s passing. May his memories bring you comfort at this sad time.", "Some words of comfort you can use to open your letter and express your sorrow are: 1 Our deepest condolences to you upon the passing of 2 _______. So sorry to hear of _______'s passing. 3 Please accept our heartfelt sympathies on the loss of your loved one. 4 Words can't express how saddened we are to hear of your loss. Definition: 1. Something you say or write to express sympathy when someone has died. 2. An expression of sympathy with someone who is grieving. Examples: 1. He carefully wrote his words of condolences in a card for his good friend. 2. Please accept my sincere condolences at the loss of your loved one", "Since you have already known the parts you may write in your letter, your writing of a condolence letter is now made easy. On the other hand, to get yourself acquainted with the terms and proper use of these terms you should include in your condolence letter, here are some sample condolences messages: Sample #1. • Loss. Click here for more words to use in a condolence message and condolence samples. Terms of Condolences within a Conversation. In case you can’t think of something very good to mention or if you are emotion uneasy, an effective “I feel remorseful for the loss” will work with almost all predicaments.", "------------------------------. I hope that my sample condolence thank you notes will help you with the task of writing notes when a loved one has passed away. If you don't feel up to the task, consider buying a pre-printed thank you card that only requires you to write one line and sign it. ", "I decided to write a blog post on writing a condolence letter. This is a list of suggestions. I know each loss is specific and personal in tiny ways and big ways, and that it is impossible to capture the specificity of loss in a template condolence letter. 4. I always end a condolence letter by telling the person that: My thoughts and prayers are with you and I wish you peace. 5.The last thing I do is write the address on an envelop, pick out a pretty stamp and mail th", "Condolence Letter Examples. Condolence letters are sent as a consolation to the family members of the deceased. Writing a good letter requires tact and proper etiquette. The tips and examples provided here will help you write one. Now, if you are writing your own letter, then you can use the following phrases. These can also be used if you are writing a condolence message in cases of less intimate relationships. ► Opening Lines. • I am very sorry to hear about your loss and wish to express my deepest sympathies to you and your family." ], "url": [ "http://www.huffingtonpost.com/kathleen-buckstaff/condolence-letter_b_4215557.html", "http://obituarieshelp.org/condolences_email.html", "http://obituarieshelp.org/condolences_email.html", "http://obituarieshelp.org/condolences_email.html", "http://obituarieshelp.org/words_of_condolences_hub.html", "http://condolences.blog.com/", "http://www.thank-you-note-examples-wording-ideas.com/condolence-thank-you.html", "http://kathleenbuckstaff.com/how-to-write-a-condolence-letter-5-suggestions/", "http://www.buzzle.com/articles/condolence-letter-examples.html" ] }

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[ "St. Lawrence in Canada to northeastern Florida in USA." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Landlocked salmon may be repeat spawners, but most fish observed on spawning runs are spawning for the first time. Salmon may spawn in consecutive or alternate years, some may spawn in consecutive years then skip a year, and some may skip 2 or 3 years between spawnings. In wild salmon populations, most males spawn first at ages 3 and 4, although a few spawn at ages 1 and 2. Females usually spawn first at ages 4 and 5. Spawning runs of wild salmon may be composed of fish ranging in age from 1 to 10, but 3, 4, and 5-year old individuals make up the bulk of most runs.", "The lifespan for Atlantic Silversides is short--two years at best. Most die after they spawn at about one year old. Atlantic Silversides can be found all along the Atlantic Coast of North America from the Gulf of the Saint Lawrence River to the northeast part of Florida. Still other species, like the mummichog, prey on Atlantic Silverside eggs and larvae. Commercially, the Silverside is of minor value, mainly used as bait or to spot larger sport fish. When pursued by bigger fish the Silverside tries to escape by making little leaps out of the water.", "Silversides are popular for catching flounder (fluke) and other saltwater fish. These brightly striped minnows are available frozen at saltwater tackle shops. In some areas silversides can be caught fresh, although harvesting silversides for bait can be very time consuming. ", "1 Atlantic Silverside (Menidia menidia) The Atlantic Silverside, also called a spearing, shiner or minnow, is one of the New York/New Jersey Harbor Estuary’s most common fish. It is an important source of food for the Estuary’s bigger game fish including Bluefish, Atlantic mackerel and Striped Bass. Still other species, like the mummichog, prey on Atlantic Silverside eggs and larvae. Commercially, the Silverside is of minor value, mainly used as bait or to spot larger sport fish. When pursued by bigger fish the Silverside tries to escape by making little leaps out of the water.", "Salmon /ˈsaemən/ ˈsæmən is the common name for several species of fish in the Family. Salmonidae other fish in the same family include, trout, char grayling and. Whitefish salmon are native to tributaries of The North (atlantic Genus) salmo And Pacific (ocean Genus). oncorhynchus ", "Atlantic silverside. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. The Atlantic silverside (Menidia menidia) also known as spearing in the north east of the United States, is a small species of fish from the West Atlantic, ranging from the Gulf of St. Lawrence in Canada to northeastern Florida in USA. It is one of the most common fish in the Chesapeake Bay and in the Barnegat Bay. The Atlantic silverside’s predators are larger predatory fish – striped bass, blue fish, Atlantic mackerel – and many shore birds, including egrets, terns, cormorants, and gulls. The abiotic factors the Atlantic silverside needs to survive varies for populations of fish based on their geographical location.", "(1981) described spawning behavior of Atlantic silver-sides in South Carolina. One-half to 1 hour prior to a spawn, a single large school or several smaller schools of adults appeared 10 to 30 m (33 to 98 ft) offshore, adjacent to the eventual spawning site. In the Mystic River Estuary, Connecticut, Atlantic silver-side larvae were found primarily in upper estuarine zones and marshes, where the salinity profile ranged from 2 ppt at the surface to 14 ppt at 2 m (6 ft) depth.", "Life History and Behavior. Atlantic silversides congregate in large schools that usually consist of similar-sized fish. They are found along the shore, often within a few feet of the shoreline. They are commonly found in brackish waters where streams and rivers meet the sea. They swim among submerged grasses." ], "url": [ "http://maine.gov/ifw/fishing/species/identification/landlockedsalmon.htm", "http://njseagrant.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/atlantic-silverside.pdf", "http://www.daybreakfishing.com/bait/silversides.html", "http://njseagrant.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/atlantic-silverside.pdf", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salmon", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlantic_silverside", "http://www.nwrc.usgs.gov/wdb/pub/species_profiles/82_11-010.pdf", "http://www.edc.uri.edu/restoration/html/gallery/fish/silver.htm" ] }

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[ "40 to 45 minutes" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "1 Cook the steaks in the oven for 40 to 45 minutes. 2 The steak will still look fairly uncooked when you remove it from the oven. 3 A thermometer inserted into the thickest part of the steak will reveal a cooking temperature five to ten degrees lower than the desired doneness. Now that you are no longer asking how long does it take to cook steak in the oven, you might want to give this oven-roasted steak recipe a try. It works best for very thick, tender cuts of steaks like baseball cut rib-eyes or thick-cut tenderloins. Choose a steak with a minimum one-inch thickness. 1 Preheat the oven to 275 degrees. 2 Season the steaks with sea salt and fresh-cracked black pepper. 3 Place steak on a rack placed over a rimmed baking sheet and put in the preheated oven. 4 Cook the steaks in the oven for 40 to 45 minute", "1 Return the steak flat in the pan. 2 Transfer the skillet to the oven and cook until an instant-read thermometer reads to desired doneness (oven cooking time will be anywhere from 5-15 minutes depending on the desired doneness of your steak --- for medium-rare 140-145 degrees and for medium 155-160 degrees. 1", "If you don't have access to a grill though: Heat olive oil in a pan until nearly smoking. Sear the steak on both sides until very brown. Transfer to an oven proof pan, add your mushrooms, place a pat of butter on top of the meat and bake at 425 for about 10 minutes to finish. This would be for a steak at least an inch thick. If it's less than that, then searing in the pan is really all you'll need to do. Cook it in a skillet on top of the stove on high so it will sear the juices in. Brown on each side then take out and let it rest. Then put your mushrooms in the skillet with the drippings and about a 1/2 to 1 cup of water and turn on medium heat and cook until done. Great to pour over mash potatoes or rice.", "To roast a steak: 1 Preheat the oven to 300 degrees. 2 Season the steak. 3 Sear steak in a hot skillet for just a minute on each side. 4 Transfer steak to a wire rack on a rimmed baking sheet and place in the preheated oven. 5 Roast for 20 to 25 minutes, until desired doneness is achieved. Now that you are no longer asking how long does it take to cook steak in the oven, you might want to give this oven-roasted steak recipe a try. It works best for very thick, tender cuts of steaks like baseball cut rib-eyes or thick-cut tenderloins. Choose a steak with a minimum one-inch thickness. 1 Preheat the oven to 275 degrees. 2 Season the steaks with sea salt and fresh-cracked black pepper. 3 Place steak on a rack placed over a rimmed baking sheet and put in the preheated oven. 4 Cook the steaks in the oven for 40 to 45 minutes", "Place a 10-to-12-inch cast-iron skillet in the oven and heat the oven to 500 degrees F. Bring the steak to room temperature. When the oven reaches temperature, remove the skillet and place on the range over high heat for 5 minutes. Coat the steak lightly with oil and sprinkle both sides with a generous pinch of salt. ", "1 Place a tablespoon of unsalted butter on each of the steaks and place the skillet directly in the oven. 2 Turn the heat down to 125 degrees Fahrenheit (51.6 degrees Celsius). 3 Cook the steaks in the oven for eight to 12 minutes. 4 Cut into one of the steaks to see if it's cooked to your taste. With a few simple ingredients and 20 minutes, you can pull a succulent steak from the oven. Read the steps listed below and learn about how to cook steak in the oven. Ingredients: 1 Four 2-inch (5-centimeter) thick filet mignons. 2 2 tablespoons vegetable oil. 3 2 tablespoons salt. 4 2 tablespoons coarsely ground black pepper.", "1 Season the steak. 2 Sear steak in a hot skillet for just a minute on each side. 3 Transfer steak to a wire rack on a rimmed baking sheet and place in the preheated oven. 4 Roast for 20 to 25 minutes, until desired doneness is achieved. Now that you are no longer asking how long does it take to cook steak in the oven, you might want to give this oven-roasted steak recipe a try. It works best for very thick, tender cuts of steaks like baseball cut rib-eyes or thick-cut tenderloins. Choose a steak with a minimum one-inch thickness. 1 Preheat the oven to 275 degrees. 2 Season the steaks with sea salt and fresh-cracked black pepper. 3 Place steak on a rack placed over a rimmed baking sheet and put in the preheated oven. 4 Cook the steaks in the oven for 40 to 45 minutes", "Broil the steak 4 to 6 minutes per side: Remove the steak from the marinade, shake off any excess, and place it in the middle of the broiler pan. Slide it directly under the broil. Cook for 4 to 6 minutes, flip it over, and broil for another 4 to 6 minutes (8 to 12 minutes total). Rub the marinade into the steak and flip the steak once or twice in the dish to coat. Marinate for 1 hour or up to 24 hours: Cover the dish and place the steak in the fridge for at least 1 hour or up to 24 hours. Flip the steak occasionally if you happen to think about it.", "1 Cook the steaks in the oven for eight to 12 minutes. 2 Cut into one of the steaks to see if it's cooked to your taste. 3 Remove the steaks from the oven and allow them to rest for 10 to 15 minutes to allow the juices to redistribute throughout the steak [source: Garten ]. With a few simple ingredients and 20 minutes, you can pull a succulent steak from the oven. Read the steps listed below and learn about how to cook steak in the oven. Ingredients: 1 Four 2-inch (5-centimeter) thick filet mignons. 2 2 tablespoons vegetable oil. 3 2 tablespoons salt. 4 2 tablespoons coarsely ground black pepper." ], "url": [ "http://cooking.lovetoknow.com/how-long-does-it-take-cook-steak-oven", "http://www.food.com/recipe/kittencals-pan-seared-steak-stove-top-to-oven-method-354979", "https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20080821123147AAy7Ii8", "http://cooking.lovetoknow.com/how-long-does-it-take-cook-steak-oven", "http://www.foodnetwork.com/recipes/alton-brown/pan-seared-rib-eye-recipe.html", "http://recipes.howstuffworks.com/tools-and-techniques/how-to-cook-steak-in-oven.htm", "http://cooking.lovetoknow.com/how-long-does-it-take-cook-steak-oven", "http://www.thekitchn.com/how-to-cook-flank-steak-in-the-oven-cooking-lessons-from-the-kitchn-219428", "http://recipes.howstuffworks.com/tools-and-techniques/how-to-cook-steak-in-oven.htm" ] }

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[ "10 days" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Store fresh mushrooms the right way, and they'll last up to a week. Here's how: Place whole, unwashed mushrooms in a brown paper bag, and fold the top of the bag over. Then, stick the bag in the main compartment of your refrigerator.", "Nine to 10 Days From Packaging Date. According to Mountain View Mushrooms, fresh mushrooms can be stored at 34 to 40 degrees F for up to 10 days from the date of packaging. If purchasing store-bought mushrooms, the packaging date will be printed on the storage container or plastic wrap. Artem Kononenko/Demand Media.", "Did you know that the length of time mushrooms should be kept for varies with the type? Whites and criminis should be used within 3-4 days, portabellas 5 days, shiitake and enoki 6 days, and oyster 5 days. These timelines are accurate only if kept in the proper conditions; in a brown paper bag in the fridge.", "There is no clear consensus. The conservative answer is that mushrooms should be eaten within two days of purchase. However, some experts maintain mushrooms will keep for up to a week after purchase, particularly if stored in cool, dry, and dark places. Pre-slicing mushrooms can shorten their shelf life. Once sliced, mushrooms quickly oxidate.", "According to Mountain View Mushrooms, fresh mushrooms can be stored at 34 to 40 degrees F for up to 10 days from the date of packaging. If purchasing store-bought mushrooms, the packaging date will be printed on the storage container or plastic wrap. Artem Kononenko/Demand Media.", "To keep mushrooms fresh in the refrigerator the mushrooms should be immediately removed from their packaging and separated from each other with a paper towel." ], "url": [ "http://frugalliving.about.com/od/storingfoods/qt/How-To-Store-Mushrooms.htm", "http://www.ehow.com/decision_6863370_long-keep-fresh-mushrooms-refrigerator_.html", "http://startcooking.com/mushrooms-washing-and-storing", "http://shelflifeadvice.com/content/how-long-after-purchase-will-raw-mushrooms-remain-good-eat", "http://www.ehow.com/decision_6863370_long-keep-fresh-mushrooms-refrigerator_.html", "http://www.professorshouse.com/food-beverage/topics/vegetables/articles/keeping-mushroom-fresh/" ] }

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[ "An optical fiber (or optical fibre) is a flexible, transparent fiber made by drawing glass (silica) or plastic to a diameter slightly thicker than that of a human hair." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Fiber Optics. Optical Fibers, or Fiber Optics, are often used in data transmission or light guide applications. Optical Fibers used in light guide applications transmit safe, no-heat light, which is ideal for medical, inspection, automotive, or display applications. A single Optical Fiber utilizes total internal reflection to transmit light, allowing bends along its path. ", "Light is kept in the core of the optical fiber by total internal reflection. This causes the fiber to act as a waveguide. Fibers which support many propagation paths or transverse modes are called multi-mode fibers (MMF), while those which can only support a single mode are called single-mode fibers (SMF). ", "Fiber-optic communication is a method of transmitting information from one place to another by sending pulses of light through an optical fiber. The light forms an electromagnetic carrier wave that is modulated to carry information. First developed in the 1970s, fiber-optic communication systems have revolutionized the telecommunications industry and have played a major role in the advent of the Information Age. Optical fiber is used by many telecommunications companies to transmit telephone signals, Internet communication, and cable television signals. Researchers at Bell Labs have reached internet speeds of over 100 petabit ×kilometer per second using fiber-optic communication.", "Optical fibres can carry information coded in light or infrared signals. Optical fibres can carry more information than an ordinary cable of the same diameter. Analogue signals vary continuously in amplitude [amplitude: The maximum height of a wave, measured from the mid-point of its vibration. Optical fibres can carry more information than an ordinary cable of the same thickness. The signals in optical fibres do not weaken as much over long distances as the signals in ordinary cables. Optical fibre. Page: 1 1. 2 2. 3 3. 4 Next.", "An optical fiber is a thin fiber of glass or plastic that can carry light from one end to the other. The study of optical fibers is called fiber optics, which is part of applied science and engineering. Optical fibers are mainly used in telecommunications, but they are also used for lighting, sensors, toys, and special cameras for seeing inside small spaces.", "LiveAction. Optical fiber (or fiber optic) refers to the medium and the technology associated with the transmission of information as light pulses along a glass or plastic strand or fiber. Optical fiber carries much more information than conventional copper wire and is in general not subject to electromagnetic interference and the need to retransmit signals. Most telephone company long-distance lines are now made of optical fiber.", "Optical fibers are used most often as a means to transmit light between the two ends of the fiber and find wide usage in fiber-optic communications, where they permit transmission over longer distances and at higher bandwidths (data rates) than wire cables. An optical fiber doped with certain rare earth elements such as erbium can be used as the gain medium of a laser or optical amplifier. Rare-earth-doped optical fibers can be used to provide signal amplification by splicing a short section of doped fiber into a regular (undoped) optical fiber line.", "Optical fibers typically include a transparent core surrounded by a transparent cladding material with a lower index of refraction. Light is kept in the core by the phenomenon of total internal reflection which causes the fiber to act as a waveguide. An optical fiber doped with certain rare earth elements such as erbium can be used as the gain medium of a laser or optical amplifier. Rare-earth-doped optical fibers can be used to provide signal amplification by splicing a short section of doped fiber into a regular (undoped) optical fiber line.", "An optical fiber (or optical fibre) is a flexible, transparent fiber made by drawing glass (silica) or plastic to a diameter slightly thicker than that of a human hair. An optical fiber doped with certain rare earth elements such as erbium can be used as the gain medium of a laser or optical amplifier. Rare-earth-doped optical fibers can be used to provide signal amplification by splicing a short section of doped fiber into a regular (undoped) optical fiber line.", "Optical fiber is also used in imaging optics. A coherent bundle of fibers is used, sometimes along with lenses, for a long, thin imaging device called an endoscope, which is used to view objects through a small hole. Medical endoscopes are used for minimally invasive exploratory or surgical procedures. An optical fiber doped with certain rare earth elements such as erbium can be used as the gain medium of a laser or optical amplifier. Rare-earth-doped optical fibers can be used to provide signal amplification by splicing a short section of doped fiber into a regular (undoped) optical fiber line." ], "url": [ "http://www.edmundoptics.com/optics/fiber-optics/#!", "http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aqazAcE19vw", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiber-optic_communication", "http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/science/aqa_pre_2011/radiation/sendingrev1.shtml", "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical_fiber", "http://searchtelecom.techtarget.com/definition/optical-fiber", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical_fiber", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical_fiber", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical_fiber", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical_fiber" ] }

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[ "Yes" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Q: If taking anti-HIV drugs has made your viral load undetectable (meaning that the virus isn't showing up on blood tests), can you still pass the virus to another person through sex?", "It’s important to remember that the amount of HIV in these bodily fluids differs. Research shows that HIV can sometimes be detected in semen even when viral load is undetectable in blood. Even if the viral load in your semen is at low levels, there may be chance that HIV can be transmitted to your partner.", "Viral load refers to the amount of HIV in the blood. An undetectable viral load is when the amount of HIV in the blood is so low that it can’t be measured. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) reduces viral load, ideally to an undetectable level, when taken consistently and correctly.", "Keep in mind that a viral load test measures the amount of HIV virus in your blood. But sexual partners are usually infected by virus in sexual fluids, such as semen or vaginal or anal secretions. Unfortunately, the viral load in these fluids can be high even when the viral load in blood is low. And factors like STDs (sexually transmitted infections) can increase the risk of HIV transmission.", "HIV viral load is the number of copies of HIV in the bodily fluids of someone living with HIV. It is measured as the number of copies of the virus in one millilitre of fluid (copies/ml). Viral load is measured in the blood to monitor the progression of HIV infection and the success of HIV treatment.", "Viral load refers to the amount of HIV in the blood. An undetectable viral load is when the amount of HIV in the blood is so low that it can’t be measured. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) reduces viral load, ideally to an undetectable level, when taken consistently and correctly.", "A person with HIV can still potentially transmit HIV to a partner even if they have an undetectable viral load, because. 1 HIV may still be found in genital fluids (e.g., semen, vaginal fluids). 2 The viral load test only measures virus in blood.", "1 Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) increase viral load in genital fluids. 2 This means that an HIV-positive person with an STD may be able to transmit HIV to sexual partners even if the blood viral load is undetectable." ], "url": [ "http://www.hiv.va.gov/patient/faqs/transmission-of-undetectable-virus.asp", "http://betablog.org/undetectable-burning-questions-answered/", "http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/basics/transmission.html", "http://www.hiv.va.gov/patient/faqs/transmission-of-undetectable-virus.asp", "http://www.catie.ca/en/fact-sheets/transmission/hiv-viral-load-hiv-treatment-and-sexual-hiv-transmission", "http://www.cdc.gov/actagainstaids/campaigns/starttalking/prevention.html", "http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/basics/transmission.html", "http://www.cdc.gov/actagainstaids/campaigns/starttalking/prevention.html" ] }

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[ "It is the northernmost arm of the Mediterranean Sea, extending from the Strait of Otranto to the northwest and the Po Valley." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1 ], "passage_text": [ "The Adriatic Sea is a part of the Mediterranean Sea. It is positioned between the eastern coastline of Italy and the coastline of countries of the Balkan Peninsula (Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro and Albania). The Adriatic coastline is by far Croatia’s most popular tourist region with around 11 million tourists each year.", "The Adriatic Sea or known as the Sea of Adrias in New Testament times was located between Italy on the West and Dalmatia, Macedonia and Achaia on the East, and on the South it extended into the central part of the Mediterranean Sea between the islands of Crete and Malta. Adriatic Sea in Smith's Bible Dictionary. Adria More properly A'drias the Adriatic Sea. Ac 27:27 The word seems to have been derived from the town of Adria, near the Po. In Paul's time it included the whole sea between Greece and Italy, reaching south from Crete to Sicily.", "Adriatic Sea (ādrēăˈtĭk) [ key ], arm of the Mediterranean Sea, between Italy and the Balkan Peninsula. Trieste, at the northern end of the sea, was once the chief Adriatic port. Slovenia, Croatia, Montenegro, and Albania border the irregular eastern shore; Rijeka and Split, Croatia, are the main ports.", "Adriatic Sea (ādrēă´tĬk) , arm of the Mediterranean Sea, between Italy and the Balkan Peninsula. It extends c.500 mi (800 km) from the Gulf of Venice, at its head, SE to the Strait of Otranto, which leads to the Ionian Sea. Adriatic Sea Shallow arm of the Mediterranean Sea, separated from the Ionian Sea by the Strait of Otranto, between Albania and the “heel” of Italy. Lobsters and sardines are the chief catches of local fisheries. Length: c. 800km (500mi). Max.", "Adriatic Sea. The Adriatic Sea is a part of the Mediterranean Sea positioned between the eastern coastline of Italy, and countries of the Balkan Peninsula, from Slovenia, south through Croatia. Montenegro, and on to Albania. The southern boundary of the sea ends in the Strait of Otranto between Albania and Italy's Salento Peninsul", "Adriatic Sea. Adriatic Sea (ādrēăˈtĭk) [ key ], arm of the Mediterranean Sea, between Italy and the Balkan Peninsula. It extends c.500 mi (800 km) from the Gulf of Venice, at its head, SE to the Strait of Otranto, which leads to the Ionian Sea. Trieste, at the northern end of the sea, was once the chief Adriatic port. Slovenia, Croatia, Montenegro, and Albania border the irregular eastern shore; Rijeka and Split, Croatia, are the main ports.", "Map of the Adriatic Sea showing border nations. The Adriatic Sea is part of the Mediterranean Sea separating the Italian Peninsula from the Balkan peninsula, and the system of the Apennine Mountains from the Dinaric Alps and adjacent ranges. It extends from the Gulf of Venice south to the Strait of Otranto, linking it to the Ionian Sea. The Adriatic Sea has served as a source of transportation, recreation, and sustenance throughout history. From the end of the twentieth century the Adriatic, long renowned for its pristine condition, began to show perilous signs of invasive species introduced by human influence.", "The Adriatic Sea /ˌeɪdriˈaetɨk/ ˌeɪdriˈætɨk is a body of water separating The Italian peninsula from The balkan peninsula and The Apennine mountains from The Dinaric alps and adjacent. ranges The Adriatic is the northernmost arm of the Mediterranean Sea, extending from the Strait of Otranto (where it connects to the Ionian Sea) to the northwest and the Po Valley. The countries with coasts on the Adriatic are Italy, Croatia, Albania, Montenegro, Bosnia-Herzegovina, and Slovenia.", "The Adriatic Sea is a semi-enclosed sea, bordered in the southwest by the Apennine or Italian Peninsula, in the northwest by the Italian regions of Veneto and Friuli-Venezia Giulia, and in the northeast by Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Montenegro, and Albania —the Balkan peninsula. The Adriatic is the northernmost arm of the Mediterranean Sea, extending from the Strait of Otranto (where it connects to the Ionian Sea) to the northwest and the Po Valley. The countries with coasts on the Adriatic are Italy, Croatia, Albania, Montenegro, Bosnia-Herzegovina, and Sloveni" ], "url": [ "http://www.studyincroatia.hr/about-croatia/geography/adriatic-sea", "http://www.bible-history.com/geography/maps/map_adriatic_sea.html", "http://www.infoplease.com/encyclopedia/world/adriatic-sea.html", "http://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/Adriatic_Sea.aspx", "http://www.worldatlas.com/aatlas/infopage/adriaticsea.htm", "http://www.infoplease.com/encyclopedia/world/adriatic-sea.html", "http://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Adriatic_Sea", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adriatic_Sea", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adriatic_Sea" ] }

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[ "As a result of conditions affecting any of the structures in the knuckle, including skin, nerves, muscles, joints, tendons, bones, ligaments, blood vessels, and connective tissue", "Trauma and osteoarthritis are common causes of knuckle pain." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1 ], "passage_text": [ "1 When the cartilage becomes damaged, it causes the knuckles to swell. 2 Arthritis is also a common cause of painful swollen, knuckles. 3 Arthritis is characterized by the swelling of the middle finger and the finger tip. Here are some causes of painful swollen knuckles: 1 Traumatic injury or accidents can be the cause of swollen, painful knuckles. 2 When the cartilage becomes damaged, it causes the knuckles to swell. 3 Arthritis is also a common cause of painful swollen, knuckles.", "Swollen, painful knuckles are not really a disease, but it is a symptom of other complications and other problems. The best way to treat swollen knuckles is to know what causes it, and find remedies for that problem. Anyhow, here are some remedies to reduce swollen knuckles pain that can be helpful: Here are some causes of painful swollen knuckles: 1 Traumatic injury or accidents can be the cause of swollen, painful knuckles. 2 When the cartilage becomes damaged, it causes the knuckles to swell. 3 Arthritis is also a common cause of painful swollen, knuckles.", "1 Traumatic injury or accidents can be the cause of swollen, painful knuckles. 2 When the cartilage becomes damaged, it causes the knuckles to swell. 3 Arthritis is also a common cause of painful swollen, knuckles. Here are some causes of painful swollen knuckles: 1 Traumatic injury or accidents can be the cause of swollen, painful knuckles. 2 When the cartilage becomes damaged, it causes the knuckles to swell. 3 Arthritis is also a common cause of painful swollen, knuckles.", "They provide support and help you move. Any damage to the joints from disease or injury can interfere with your movement and cause a lot of pain. Many different conditions can lead to painful joints, including osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, bursitis, gout, strains, sprains, and other injuries. Joint pain is extremely common.", "You may have: 1 Hand pain, finger pain, swelling, and stiffness. 2 Hand joints and finger joints that are warm and tender to the touch. 3 The same joints are affected on both sides of your body (both wrists, for instance). 4 Misshapen finger joints. 1 Hand pain, finger pain, swelling, and stiffness. 2 Hand joints and finger joints that are warm and tender to the touch. 3 The same joints are affected on both sides of your body (both wrists, for instance). 4 Misshapen finger joints. 5 Carpal tunnel symptoms such as numbness and tingling of the hands.", "Finger pain can be caused by disease or injury affecting any of the structures in the finger, including the bones, muscles, joints, tendons, blood vessels, or connective tissues. Joint pain is a feature of joint inflammation (arthritis) that may occur in the joints of the finger bones. This can sometimes be accompanied by redness, swelling, or warmth of the joints. Both osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) commonly affect joints of the fingers. Trauma or injury to the finger, such as bruises, dislocations, and fractures of bone are all common causes of finger pain. Tumors of the structures in the finger are a very rare cause of finger pain", "Knuckle pain may develop as a result of conditions affecting any of the structures in the knuckle, including skin, nerves, muscles, joints, tendons, bones, ligaments, blood vessels, and connective tissue. Injury from trauma and osteoarthritis are common causes of knuckle pain. In many cases, several knuckles may be affected. Inflammation within the knuckle causes swelling and pain. Further, rheumatoid arthritis, a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by joint inflammation, and other arthritis-related conditions are associated with knuckle pain, again due to inflammation and swelling." ], "url": [ "http://www.tandurust.com/bones-and-joints-disorders/reduce-knuckles-swelling.html", "http://www.tandurust.com/bones-and-joints-disorders/reduce-knuckles-swelling.html", "http://www.tandurust.com/bones-and-joints-disorders/reduce-knuckles-swelling.html", "http://www.webmd.com/pain-management/guide/joint-pain", "http://www.webmd.com/rheumatoid-arthritis/guide/hand-and-finger-ra", "http://www.medicinenet.com/finger_pain/symptoms.htm", "http://www.healthgrades.com/symptoms/knuckle-pain" ] }

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[ "The typical manager gets around $35,000 to $50,000 worth of annual basic salary. Depending on the experience the employee has, they get $35,000 to $60,000 annual salary.", "$61,986" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Making the world better, one answer at a time. An average Hy-Vee Store Director makes over $100,000 a year. Store Directors are paid quarterly after every inventory and their salaries are based off of sales. In other words, if their store does really well they will have a better salary. Under the new(er) bonus structure, unestablished stores pay the min bonus of $500 per month no matter who the manager is. A new store manager starts at around $70,000 a year with a small bonus. An Executive assistant manager is salaried about $55", "Well my mom is in trouble at her job there thinking of having a strike to raise to pay check and my mom is really worried that is have to stay home from work and make money for more than 4 months, so are there any jobs she can do maybe at night, how much does walmart or hyvee pay for an hour, please reply and she... If you are a cashier you are not going to get as much as you would for some of the other dept. If you are a dept manager it will depend on the dept you are over on how much you get paid. When I worked for Wal-Mart in Springville, Utah about 5 years ago, I started at 7.25 an hr. It has raised since then. By the time I quit I was a dept manager over Jewelry", "1 Salary: The typical manager gets around $35,000 to $50,000 worth of annual basic salary. 2 Bonuses: Bonuses could amount up to $ 4,992 and can start from $2,000. Assistant Manager Store Operations. 1 Salary: Depending on the experience the employee has, they get $35,000 to $60,000 annual salary. 2 Bonuses: The company does not provide cash bonus for employees holding this position. 3 Profit Sharing: Profit sharing is not an option given to employees.", "Manager. 1 Salary: The typical manager gets around $35,000 to $50,000 worth of annual basic salary. 2 Bonuses: Bonuses could amount up to $ 4,992 and can start from $2,000. 3 Profit Sharing: Profit sharing is a priority and employees can get up to $1,000 worth of shared profit. Assistant Manager Store Operations. 1 Salary: Depending on the experience the employee has, they get $35,000 to $60,000 annual salary. 2 Bonuses: The company does not provide cash bonus for employees holding this position. 3 Profit Sharing: Profit sharing is not an option given to employees.", "Minimum wage is $8.25 and i started at $8.50.... 0. 0. I just started working for the Wine & Spirits department at Hy-Vee part-time. In Illinois, minimum wage is $8.25 and I started at $8.50. This is part-time work, so hours can be whenever. There are strict guidelines for dress and customer service is a top priority, so don`t come to work with an attitude or you won`t last long there! (In my opinion, a great policy.). ", "Depends on where you work. Regular retail associates make in the $9 an hour range, supervisory retail roles in the $14 range. Money is at there distribution centers where i wo … rk. Depending on what your job is it ranges from $13.91-16.85 to start. the higher being for warehouse workers ie. fork lift operator and truck unload and load. Very tough work when you start loading trailers but @$16.85 an hour you cant beat it.", "Or you can set a time when you want to pick them up at the store. The new delivery service costs just $4.95 for your order or $2.95 for in-store pick up option, which includes an employee loading them up for you. The delivery and pick up fee is dropped for orders over $100. Hy-Vee food stores are adding delivery and in-store grocery pick up. WATCH VIDEO. The new Hy-Vee Aisles Online is being rolled out first at select stores. Here's how it works: You find the products you want in the online store and complete the order, next an employee walks the store and grabs the items you want." ], "url": [ "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_is_the_salary_of_a_Hy-Vee_store_manager", "https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20090805153128AAKZHPO", "http://www.myjobapps.com/hy-vee-manager-salary/", "http://www.myjobapps.com/hy-vee-manager-salary/", "http://www.xmms.org/qna/How_much_does_hyvee_pay_per_hour-qna586292.html", "http://www.answers.com/Q/How_much_does_Hy-vee_pay_their_employees", "http://www.kcci.com/news/hyvee-is-adding-grocery-delivery-instore-pick-up-options/32531936" ] }

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[ "Short for homeboy, which is a slang term for a male friend from your hometown." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "A homie is like a good friend, buddy, person. This term is mostly used by African-Americans. However, anyone can use this term...if you use it right. not being mean but i use the word homie a lot and I'm not African-American. A homie is also a homeless person.", "LINK / CITE ADD TO WORD LIST. noun. The definition of homie is short for homeboy, which is a slang term for a male friend from your hometown. An example of homie is what a young boy might call his most trusted friend.", "The term homie was started by Mexican-Americans, most commonly in East Los Angeles, though, of course, the credit givin for the term goes out mostly to African-Americans.", "Homie. Homie is an English language slang term found in American urban culture, whose origins etymologists generally trace to African American Vernacular English from the late 19th century, with the word homeboy meaning a male friend from back home.", "The definition of homie is short for homeboy, which is a slang term for a male friend from your hometown. An example of homie is what a young boy might call his most trusted friend.", "Homie (from homeboy ) is an English language slang term found in American urban culture, whose origins etymologists generally trace to Mexican American Spanglish from the late 19th century, with the word homeboy meaning a male friend from back home." ], "url": [ "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_is_a_homie", "http://www.yourdictionary.com/homie", "http://www.urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=homie&page=2", "http://www.definitions.net/definition/homie", "http://www.yourdictionary.com/homie", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homie" ] }

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[ "Iowa, Illinois, Minnesota, Indiana, Nebraska, Ohio, Missouri and South Dakota." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Corn is believed to have been introduced across what is now the United States-Mexico border a few thousand years ago. The original corn plant known as teosinte is still grown in Mexico and its size (ears of corn) has substantially increased due to efforts of American Indians and scientific research. Corn production (also maize production) plays a major role in the economy of the United States. The country is one of the worldwide corn leaders with 96,000,000 acres (39,000,000 ha) of land reserved for corn production. Corn growth is dominated by west/north central Iowa and east central Illinois", "Corn Geography. 1 Iowa, Illinois, Nebraska and Minnesota account for over 50 percent of the corn grown in the U.S. 2 Other major corn growing states are Indiana, Ohio, Wisconsin, South Dakota, Michigan, Missouri, Kansas and Kentucky. ", "12 states in the USA grow corn A different answer: Corn is grown somewhere in every state throughout the USA, including Hawaii, Alaska, Arizona, and Florida. Corn is not a m … ajor crop in every state, but it can be found in roadside markets and home gardens throughout the nation. The Corn Belt region in the United States is where the majority of the nation's corn is produced. It roughly covers western Indiana, Illinois, Iowa, Missouri, eastern Nebras … ka, and eastern Kansas, in which corn (maize) and soybeans are the dominant crops.", "CORN. Most of the corn grown in the United States is produced in the Corn Belt, which includes Iowa, Illinois, Minnesota, Indiana, Nebraska, Ohio, Missouri and South Dakota. Within the USA, Michigan sits at the NE extremities of the corn belt. The map below shows where the corn belt lies", "Corn is grown in most U.S. States, but production is concentrated in the Heartland region (including Illinois, Iowa, Indiana, eastern portions of South Dakota and Nebraska, western Kentucky and Ohio, and the northern two-thirds of Missouri). 1 The United States is a major player in the world corn trade market, with between 10 and 20 percent of the corn crop exported to other countries.", "As of 2008, the top four corn-producing states were Iowa, Illinois, Nebraska and Minnesota, together accounting for more than half of the corn grown in the United States. The Corn Belt also sometimes is defined to include parts of South Dakota, North Dakota, Indiana, Ohio, Wisconsin, Michigan, and Kentucky. By 1950, 99% of the corn was grown from hybrids. Most corn is fed to livestock, especially hogs and poultry. In recent decades soybeans have grown in importance. The U.S. produces 40% of the world crop.", "Corn is grown primarily in the states of Indiana, Kansas, Iowa, Illinois, Nebraska and Minnesota. You will also find corn growing in South Dakota, Michigan, Kentucky and Wisconsin. There is also a lot of corn grown in Missouri. The Corn Belt region in the United States is where the majority of the nation's corn is produced. It roughly covers western Indiana, Illinois, Iowa, Missouri, eastern Nebras … ka, and eastern Kansas, in which corn (maize) and soybeans are the dominant crops.", "The Corn Belt is a region of the Midwestern United States where corn (maize) has, since the 1850s, been the predominant crop, replacing the native tall grasses. By 1950, 99% of the corn was grown from hybrids. Most corn is fed to livestock, especially hogs and poultry. In recent decades soybeans have grown in importance. The U.S. produces 40% of the world crop." ], "url": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corn_production_in_the_United_States", "http://www.campsilos.org/mod3/students/index.shtml", "http://www.answers.com/Q/Which_states_in_the_US_grow_corn", "http://geo.msu.edu/geogmich/corn.html", "http://www.ers.usda.gov/topics/crops/corn/background.aspx", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corn_Belt", "http://www.answers.com/Q/Which_states_in_the_US_grow_corn", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corn_Belt" ] }

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[ "Lautner has Austrian, English, German, Swiss-German, French, Irish, and Dutch heritage, and has stated that he has distant Native American ancestry." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Taylor Lautner is not a what, he is a who. He is an actor who is most well known for his role as Jacob Black in the Twilight Series movies. He also played Sharkboy in Sharkboy … and Lavagirl, and Elliot Murtaugh in Cheaper by the Dozen 2. 28 people found this useful. ", "Taylor Daniel Lautner was born on February 11, 1992, in Grand Rapids, Michigan. He has one sibling: a sister named Makena. Lautner is best known as an actor in the role of Jacob Black in Stephenie Meyer's Twilight movie series. Synopsis. Taylor Lautner was born on February 11, 1992, in Grand Rapids, Michigan. He studied karate from a young age and won several championships. Lautner made his film debut in Robert Rodriguez's The Adventures of Sharkboy and Lavagirl.", "Lautner was born on February 11, 1992, in Grand Rapids, Michigan, to Deborah and Daniel Lautner. His mother works for a software development company, while his father is a Midwest Airlines pilot. He has one younger sister named Makena. Raised as a Roman Catholic, Lautner has Austrian, English, German, Swiss-German, French, Irish, and Dutch heritage, and has stated that he has distant Native American ancestry (specifically Ottawa and Potawatomi), through his mother. Taylor grew up in Hudsonville, Michigan, a town near Grand Rapids.", "Early life Edit. Taylor Daniel Lautner was born in Grand Rapids, Michigan to parents, Deborah, and Dan Lautner on February 11, 1992. When asked about playing Native American character Jacob Black in the 2008 film, Twilight, he revealed that he has some Native ancestry, specifically Ottawa and Potawatomi. Taylor Daniel Lautner (born February 11, 1992) appears in all movies of the series as Jacob Black, the best friend of Twilight 's protagonist, Bella Swan. Jacob is a human boy who turns into a werewolf in the film New Moon, where he becomes one of the main characters of the series", "Mini Bio (1). Taylor Daniel Lautner was born in Grand Rapids, Michigan to parents, Deborah, a software company worker, and Daniel Lautner, a pilot for Midwest Airlines. He, and younger sister Makena, were raised in a well-mannered, Roman Catholic household in Hudsonville, Michigan. Taylor's ancestry includes Austrian, English, German, Swiss-German, French, Irish, and Dutch. Taylor's patrilineal ancestry can be traced back to his great-great-great-grandfather, Edward M. Lautner, who was born in Austria, c. 1848, to Wenzel Lautner and Helen Quiezer.", "Taylor Lautner is an American actor, model, and martial artist. He starred in the 2008 film Twilight and its four sequels/follow-up films. Taylor’s documented ancestry includes Austrian, English, German, Swiss-German, French, and Dutch. A picture of Taylor with his parents and sister can be seen here. It is not clear if this Native ancestry has been publicly verified/confirmed. Taylor’s paternal grandfather was Loren Joseph Lautner (the son of LaVern Francis Lautner and Maxine W. Draper). Loren has Austrian, English, German, and Swiss-German ancestry." ], "url": [ "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_nationality_is_Taylor_Lautner", "http://www.biography.com/people/taylor-lautner-504528", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taylor_Lautner", "http://twilightsaga.wikia.com/wiki/Taylor_Lautner", "http://www.imdb.com/name/nm1210124/bio", "http://ethnicelebs.com/taylor-lautner" ] }

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{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Disclaimer. The information contained is this document is not considered a substitute for any provisions of the Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 (OSH Act) or the requirements of 29 CFR 1910.1030, Occupational Exposure to Bloodborne Pathogens. A29. Yes. OSHA requires that personal protective equipment be removed before leaving the work area. While work area must be determined on a case-by-case basis, a work area is generally considered to be an area where work involving occupational exposure occurs or where the contamination of surfaces may occur.", "A school or district must be certified under a general grant of access approved by the CHSB in order to obtain criminal record information. A new charter school or private school that is not currently certified must submit to the CHSB an original CORI Certification Application. Guidelines for Requesting CORI. In general, requests for CORI must be submitted to the CHSB by mail. The school or district requesting CORI by mail must forward the completed CORI Request Form(s), along with a self-addressed stamped envelope, to the CHSB.", "To obtain CORI for employees, volunteers, housing applicants, or licensees, you must register your organization. with the online iCORI Service. For step-by-step instructions on registering with the iCORI Service, please read the. Quick Reference Guide to Register as an Organization, available at: http://www.mass .... You can obtain a copy of your own Massachusetts CORI either by using the iCORI Service or by submitting a. request via U.S. Mail. To obtain a copy of your own CORI online via the iCORI Service, you must register for an iCORI account.", "The authority to obtain CORI and the scope of the criminal record information that may be obtained are different in each circumstance. Therefore, a school or district may not rely on a CORI check performed by another entity to fulfill its obligations under the law. Guidelines for Requesting CORI. In general, requests for CORI must be submitted to the CHSB by mail. The school or district requesting CORI by mail must forward the completed CORI Request Form(s), along with a self-addressed stamped envelope, to the CHSB.", "Effective safety training is an unofficial phrase used to describe the training materials designed to teach occupational safety and health standards developed by the United States government labor organization, Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). A job safety analysis and/or a job hazard analysis should be conducted with every employee so that it is understood what is needed to do the job safely and what hazards are associated with the job. A safety trainer may observe the worker in his/her environment to adequately assess the worker's training needs.", "register with the iCORI Service. To obtain a copy of your own CORI via U.S. Mail, you must complete a CORI Personal Request Form, which is. available at: http://www.mass.gov/eopss/docs/chsb/adult-personal-criminal-record-request-form.pdf. The form must then be mailed to the address listed on the form. You can obtain a copy of your own Massachusetts CORI either by using the iCORI Service or by submitting a. request via U.S. Mail. To obtain a copy of your own CORI online via the iCORI Service, you must register for an iCORI account.", "You may also submit information to the CHSB by using Web CORI, which is an Internet application that can be used by certified agencies to submit electronic certification applications and CORI requests. Web CORI also includes the ability to upload batch requests in the same manner as the existing disk process. Guidelines for Requesting CORI. In general, requests for CORI must be submitted to the CHSB by mail. The school or district requesting CORI by mail must forward the completed CORI Request Form(s), along with a self-addressed stamped envelope, to the CHSB.", "Why does our Diocese use a CORI process? Background checks are one of the mandates of the USCCB (United States Catholic Conference of Bishops) Charter for the Protection of Children and Youth. CORI checks are mandated in the Diocese of Springfield’s Policy for the Protection of Children and Youth. Every U.S. Roman Catholic Diocese and Eparchy is required to do background checks. In addition, background checks are frequently required by youth-serving organizations -- Scouts, youth soccer leagues and Little League baseball, for example." ], "url": [ "https://osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owadisp.show_document?p_table=INTERPRETATIONS&p_id=21010", "http://www.doe.mass.edu/lawsregs/advisory/cori.html", "http://www.mass.gov/eopss/agencies/dcjis/icori-frequently-asked-questions.html", "http://www.doe.mass.edu/lawsregs/advisory/cori.html", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Effective_safety_training", "http://www.mass.gov/eopss/agencies/dcjis/icori-frequently-asked-questions.html", "http://www.doe.mass.edu/lawsregs/advisory/cori.html", "http://campholycross.org/media/BACKGROUND$20CHECKS.pdf" ] }

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[ "$7,605 per year (in-state) or $11,990 (out-of-state)." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "The cost is about $160, although a discount is available for AICPA members. CPA certificate. Once you've passed the exam and met the other requirements for certification, you'll apply for a CPA certificate through the Minnesota Board of Accountancy. Your initial application fee is $165. CPA exam. Total exam cost varies based on jurisdiction, application, section and re-take fees. A future CPA in Minnesota applying for all four sections at one time can expect to spend about $1,000. An application fee is required each time you apply, so be mindful of your schedule to avoid additional fees", "If you want to become an accountant, one of the most important things you can do is take that final step towards certification and become a CPA (Certified Public Accountant). According to the American Institute of CPAs (AICPA), entry-level CPAs earn 10-15% more than non-CPAs. Over the course of their careers this disparity can grow as high as 41%. But becoming a CPA is challenging, both academically and financially. There is a separate ethics examination, which usually costs about $150. Obviously, this is a challenging examination and you will want to prepare for it carefully. Some applicants use a self-study package, with average costs of about $1,300. If you prefer a face-to-face tutorial, these programs average $3,000.", "Most states require aspiring CPAs to complete at least 150 semester hours of study to become licensed. Students generally accrue 120 hours via a traditional bachelor's degree program. To earn the required 150 hours, some schools offer the option of a combined 5-year bachelor's and master's degree program in accounting.", "1 A bachelor's degree in accounting is necessary to become a CPA. 2 According to the non-profit organization College Board, the average cost of attending a four-year public college is $7,605 per year (in-state) or $11,990 (out-of-state) for tuition and fees. 1 Requirements for becoming a CPA vary by the state in which the accountant applies. 2 According to the American Institute of CPAs, most states require a bachelor's degree plus two years of public accounting experience. 3 Other requirements vary, although all states use the same Uniform CPA Exam.", "1 In Florida, annual renewal costs of $105. 2 A bachelor's degree in accounting is necessary to become a CPA. 3 According to the non-profit organization College Board, the average cost of attending a four-year public college is $7,605 per year (in-state) or $11,990 (out-of-state) for tuition and fees. 1 Requirements for becoming a CPA vary by the state in which the accountant applies. 2 According to the American Institute of CPAs, most states require a bachelor's degree plus two years of public accounting experience. 3 Other requirements vary, although all states use the same Uniform CPA Exam.", "Note: In general you can expect the total CPA exam application fees (i.e. item 1 + 2) to cost you around $1,000. 3. CPA Exam Review Course Expenses. Very big range, from Wiley CPA books costing $30 at Amazon to a full Becker course at $3,000+. You can learn more about the CPA exam review courses here. 4. CPA Ethics Exam Fees. Most states required an ethics exam after the passing of the Uniform CPA exam. If you are to take the one administered by AICPA (chosen by most states), then you can expect to pay $131.25.", "One of the wisest investments you can make on your path to becoming a CPA is to choose a review course that works for you. Fees depend on provider and course type; self-study courses average $1,300 and live courses average $3,000. Select review course providers offer MNCPA group discounts (see details for eligibility). CPA exam. Total exam cost varies based on jurisdiction, application, section and re-take fees. A future CPA in Minnesota applying for all four sections at one time can expect to spend about $1,000. An application fee is required each time you apply, so be mindful of your schedule to avoid additional fees", "1 Review courses for the CPA exam typically cost $70-$200 for a self-study book or software course. 2 More expensive self-study or interactive college courses may cost $1,000-$4,000. 3 For example, the CPA Ready software by Bisk costs $100. 4 The self-study Becker CPA Review Course costs $3,245 for all four parts of the exam. 1 Requirements for becoming a CPA vary by the state in which the accountant applies. 2 According to the American Institute of CPAs, most states require a bachelor's degree plus two years of public accounting experience. 3 Other requirements vary, although all states use the same Uniform CPA Exam." ], "url": [ "http://www.mncpa.org/cpa-exam/costs-to-become-a-CPA.aspx", "http://bestaccountingdegrees.net/faq/how-much-does-it-cost-to-become-a-cpa/", "http://study.com/articles/Certified_Public_Accountant_How_to_Become_a_CPA.html", "http://education.costhelper.com/cpa-accountant.html", "http://education.costhelper.com/cpa-accountant.html", "http://ipassthecpaexam.com/cpa-exam-fees/", "http://www.mncpa.org/cpa-exam/costs-to-become-a-CPA.aspx", "http://education.costhelper.com/cpa-accountant.html" ] }

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[ "By the oxidation of the amino acid tyrosine, followed by polymerization.", "Function of skin pigment. Melanin is a naturally produced polymer found in a multitude of locations in the body, from the eye and ear, to the brain and skin." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "The melanin in the skin is produced by melanocytes, which are found in the basal layer of the epidermis. Although, in general, human beings possess a similar concentration of melanocytes in their skin, the melanocytes in some individuals and ethnic groups produce variable amounts of melanin. The most common type of melanin is eumelanin. There are two types of eumelanin—brown eumelanin and black eumelanin. Pheomelanin is a cysteine-containing red polymer of benzothiazine units largely responsible for red hair, among other pigmentation. Neuromelanin is found in the brain, though its function remains obscure.", "The pigment is produced in a specialized group of cells known as melanocytes. There are three basic types of melanin: eumelanin, pheomelanin, and neuromelanin. The most common type of melanin is eumelanin. There are two types of eumelanin—brown eumelanin and black eumelanin. Pheomelanin is a cysteine-containing red polymer of benzothiazine units largely responsible for red hair, among other pigmentation. Neuromelanin is found in the brain, though its function remains obscure.", "Melanin: The pigment that gives human skin, hair, and eyes their color. Dark-skinned people have more melanin in their skin than light-skinned people have. Melanin is produced by cells called melanocytes. It provides some protection again skin damage from the sun, and the melanocytes increase their production of melanin in response to sun exposure. Freckles, which occur in people of all races, are small, concentrated areas of increased melanin production. ", "Melanin /ˈmɛlənɪn/ (Greek: μέλας - melas, black, dark) is a broad term for a group of natural pigments found in most organisms (arachnids are one of the few groups in which it has not been detected). Melanin is produced by the oxidation of the amino acid tyrosine, followed by polymerization. The most common type of melanin is eumelanin. There are two types of eumelanin—brown eumelanin and black eumelanin. Pheomelanin is a cysteine-containing red polymer of benzothiazine units largely responsible for red hair, among other pigmentation. Neuromelanin is found in the brain, though its function remains obscure.", "Types of melanin. Some of the different types of melanin include eumelanin, pheomelanin and neuromelanin. Eumelanin is found in the hair, skin and dark areas around the nipples. It is particularly abundant among black populations and provides black and brown pigment to the hair, skin and eyes. ", "Production and Function. Melanin is a pigment that is produced by cells known as melanocytes in the skin of most animals, including humans. This pigment comes in different shades, depending on the genetic makeup of the individual. Melanin comes in two basic forms and can range from yellowish-red to dark brown. Melanin is a pigment produced in the skin of almost all animals on earth. Its role in animal survival is critical, and varies depending on the organism. This article addresses melanin function and expression in humans and other organisms, and its role in survival.", "Melanin, sometimes referred to as a chemical, is formed as part of the process of metabolizing an amino acid called tyrosine. In the skin, melanin is formed by cells called melanocytes. Certain medical conditions, such as albinism, are associated with the lack of melanin. Albinism is a condition marked by the absence of a normal amount of pigment in the body. Animals, humans, and even plants can have albinism.", "Melanin is a pigment that is produced by cells known as melanocytes in the skin of most animals. It comes in two basic forms: eumelanin (brownish color) and pheomelanin (reddish-brown color). The production of melanin is affected by UV exposure, genetic make-up, size of melanocytes, and disease conditions. Melanin is a pigment produced in the skin of almost all animals on earth. Its role in animal survival is critical, and varies depending on the organism. This article addresses melanin function and expression in humans and other organisms, and its role in survival.", "Function of skin pigment. Melanin is a naturally produced polymer found in a multitude of locations in the body, from the eye and ear, to the brain and skin. Each different location contains a different variety of melanin, such as neuromelanin in the brain, and eumelanin and pheomelanin in the skin. Where reference is made to melanin in the text, eumelanin is implied. It is known that the melanin in the skin acts as a pigment, but the importance of melanin in most of the other organs is not well understood.", "Also called pigment, melanin is a substance that gives the skin and hair its natural color. It also gives color to the iris of the eye, feathers, and scales. In humans, those with darker skin have higher amounts of melanin. By contrast, those with less pigment have lighter or more fair skin coloring. In the skin, melanin is formed by cells called melanocytes. Certain medical conditions, such as albinism, are associated with the lack of melanin. Albinism is a condition marked by the absence of a normal amount of pigment in the body. Animals, humans, and even plants can have albinism." ], "url": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melanin", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melanin", "http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=4340", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melanin", "http://www.news-medical.net/health/What-is-Melanin.aspx", "http://study.com/academy/lesson/what-is-melanin-definition-production-function.html", "http://www.wisegeek.org/what-is-melanin.htm", "http://study.com/academy/lesson/what-is-melanin-definition-production-function.html", "http://www.clinuvel.com/en/skin-science/function-of-skin-pigment", "http://www.wisegeek.org/what-is-melanin.htm" ] }

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[ "Located immediately north of the French capital Paris and the Ile de France." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Picardy (French: Picardie) is a historic region in northern France that is now within the departments of Aisne, Oise, Pas-de-Calais, and Somme. Amiens was the region's capital. On Picardy's fertile soils they grow wheat, sugar beets and fodder crops.", "The region sits just above Île-île-De france and Touches belgium to the-north, east Between-nord-pas-De calais and its eastern, Neighbour-Champagne. Ardenne’picardie s location means that it is within an’hour s reach Of, London paris And. brussels", "Picardie is located in Northern part of France. The capital of French Metropolitan Region of Picardie is Amiens. Present day region Picardie is larger in size than the historical province of Picardie. Picardie region is divided into three departements namely Aisne, Oise and Somme.", "Search. Submit search form. Picardie Province of France Facts on Picardy Land area: 19,399 km Population: estimated at 1,877,000 Area: 97/km (2005) Capital City: Amiens Picardie (English: Picardy) is one of the 26 regions of France, and is located in the northern part of France.", "Picardy (French: Picardie) [1] is a region in northern France, located immediately north of the French capital Paris and the Ile de France. Although largely inland, the region does border the English Channel near Abbeville.", "Picardie. Picardie is a region located north of Paris which we have only started to explore. The historical region was smaller than the current administrative one that comprises areas north of Paris where people certainly do not feel like Picards." ], "url": [ "http://www.placesinfrance.com/picardie_facts.html", "http://www.hunt-a-home.com/france-area-guide/picardie", "http://www.mapsofworld.com/france/regions/picardie/", "http://www.placesinfrance.com/picardie_facts.html", "http://wikitravel.org/en/Picardy", "http://www.france-in-photos.com/picardie/" ] }

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[ "$ 170 to $ 430" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "the average cost to hire a plumber ranges from $ 170 to $ 430 cost of hiring a plumber is usually calculated in one of 3 ways per hour rate usually with a 2 hour minimum or flat fee for service call hourly rate or flat fee per job often payable in increments for a large job $ 750 $ 1000 water heater install tankless $ 1500 $ 1850 cost breakdown the cost to hire a plumber includes labor confirm with your plumber how labor costs will be calculated by the hour or at a flat rate", "1 State licensing for plumbers costs $75-$300 and lasts 1-2 years. 2 Tennessee issues a two-year plumbing license for $75. 3 Georgia 's plumbing license fee is $30 for the application and a $75 renewal fee every two years, and Alaska's fee is a $50 application and $200 license fee every two years. 1 Additional costs for plumbing training range from $500-$10,000, and may include books, tools, uniforms and living costs. 2 AC/C Tech in Indianapolis estimates additional plumbing program costs as $328 for tools and $369 for books, uniforms and safety equipment.", "1 An online training program in plumbing costs $800-$1,000. 2 For example, Penn Foster offers a plumbing technology program for $868, and Ashworth College has similar coursework for about $800. 3 A certificate program in plumbing costs $1,250-$3,000. 1 Additional costs for plumbing training range from $500-$10,000, and may include books, tools, uniforms and living costs. 2 AC/C Tech in Indianapolis estimates additional plumbing program costs as $328 for tools and $369 for books, uniforms and safety equipment.", "1 A plumber typically charges $200-$500 to install a standard utility sink if the basic hook-ups and vents are already in place, or $500-$1,300 or more to add he basic hook-ups; the utility sink itself can cost another $50-$900 or more. 1 Most plumbers charge a two-hour minimum or a service call fee of $75 -$150, and some plumbers bill a flat fee per job instead of an hourly rate. 2 Either away, exact costs will depend on the complexity and type of work done.", "1 In some areas plumbers charge $45 -$75 an hour; in other regions the hourly rate can be $75 -$150. 2 Most plumbers charge a two-hour minimum or a service call fee of $75 -$150, and some plumbers bill a flat fee per job instead of an hourly rate. 3 Either away, exact costs will depend on the complexity and type of work done. 1 Most plumbers charge a two-hour minimum or a service call fee of $75 -$150, and some plumbers bill a flat fee per job instead of an hourly rate. 2 Either away, exact costs will depend on the complexity and type of work done.", "1 An associate's degree in plumbing technology costs $3,000-$23,000. 2 Southwestern Illinois College offers an associate's degree program for $6,080 for in-district students and $23,744 for out-of-state tuition. 1 Additional costs for plumbing training range from $500-$10,000, and may include books, tools, uniforms and living costs. 2 AC/C Tech in Indianapolis estimates additional plumbing program costs as $328 for tools and $369 for books, uniforms and safety equipment.", "1 Plumbers' rates vary significantly by location. 2 In some areas plumbers charge $45 -$75 an hour; in other regions the hourly rate can be $75 -$150. 3 Most plumbers charge a two-hour minimum or a service call fee of $75 -$150, and some plumbers bill a flat fee per job instead of an hourly rate. 1 Most plumbers charge a two-hour minimum or a service call fee of $75 -$150, and some plumbers bill a flat fee per job instead of an hourly rate. 2 Either away, exact costs will depend on the complexity and type of work done.", "Continue Reading. The cost of a plumber ranges from $160 to $430 for a typical job with the average cost per hour ranging from $45 to $150. This can include jobs like repairing faucets, toilets, sinks or bathtubs. Some plumbers may also charge a flat rate depending on the job. Plumbing Cost Guides. Rarely does somebody set out to upgrade their plumbing. The pipes transporting fresh water to your home and waste water from your home tend to do their jobs with the kind of anonymity reserved for theatrical stage hands.", "The average cost per hour for a plumber ranges from $45 to $150 per hour depending on the job, timing and location. Services may include drain cleaning, faucet replacement or installation, and toilet repair. According to project data from HomeAdvisor members, the average cost to hire a plumber ranges between $169 and $434." ], "url": [ "http://www.networx.com/cost-guide/hire-a-plumber", "http://education.costhelper.com/plumbing-school.html", "http://education.costhelper.com/plumbing-school.html", "http://home.costhelper.com/plumbers.html", "http://home.costhelper.com/plumbers.html", "http://education.costhelper.com/plumbing-school.html", "http://home.costhelper.com/plumbers.html", "http://www.homeadvisor.com/cost/plumbing/", "http://www.homeadvisor.com/cost/plumbing/hire-a-plumber/" ] }

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[ "Trypsin is produced in the pancreas as the inactive protease trypsinogen.", "An enzyme commonly found in the digestive tract, can be used to digest the proteins that facilitate adhesion to the container and between cells.his process of cell culture or tissue culture requires a method to dissociate the cells from the container and each other." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1 ], "passage_text": [ "Trypsin cuts the adhesion proteins in cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions (i don't remember the specific site), and EDTA is a calcium chelator, which integrins needs to interact with other proteins for cell adhesion-- no calcium, no cell adhesion. And that's why EDTA treatment is gentler than trypsin. ", "Function [edit]. In the duodenum, trypsin catalyzes the hydrolysis of peptide bonds, breaking down proteins into smaller peptides. The peptide products are then further hydrolyzed into amino acids via other proteases, rendering them available for absorption into the blood stream. Trypsin cleaves peptide chains mainly at the carboxyl side of the amino acids lysine or arginine, except when either is followed by proline.", "Trypsin is produced in the pancreas as the inactive protease trypsinogen. Trypsin cleaves peptide chains mainly at the carboxyl side of the amino acids lysine or arginine, except when either is followed by proline. It is used for numerous biotechnological processes", "Dissociating Enzymes: Trypsin. Trypsin is a pancreatic serine protease with a specificity for peptide bonds involving the carboxyl group of the basic amino acids, arginine and lysine. Trypsin is one of the most highly specific proteases known, although it also exhibits some esterase and amidase activity. ", "Components. Trypsin consists of a single chain polypeptide of 223 amino acid residues, produced by the removal of the N-terminal hexapeptide from trypsinogen which is cleaved at the Lys-lle peptide bond. The sequence of amino acids is cross-linked by 6 disulfide bridges. This is the native form of trypsin, beta-trypsin. ", "Specificity: Trypsin cleaves peptides on the C-terminal side of lysine and arginine amino acid residues. If a proline residue is on the carboxyl side of the cleavage site, the cleavage will not occur. If an acidic residue is on either side of the cleavage site, the rate of hydrolysis has been shown to be slower. Composition: ", "It cleaves peptides on the C-terminal side of Lysine or Arginine. Trypsin is by far the most commonly used enzyme in tissue culture to release the adherent cells from culture vessel surface and/or to disaggregate tissue into single cell suspension. ", "Trypsin consists of a single chain polypeptide of 223 amino acid residues, produced by the removal of the N-terminal hexapeptide from trypsinogen which is cleaved at the Lys-lle peptide bond. The sequence of amino acids is cross-linked by 6 disulfide bridges. ", "Trypsinization is the process of cell dissociation using trypsin, a proteolytic enzyme which breaks down proteins, to dissociate adherent cells from the vessel in which they are being cultured. When added to a cell culture, trypsin breaks down the proteins which enable the cells to adhere to the vessel. This process of cell culture or tissue culture requires a method to dissociate the cells from the container and each other. Trypsin, an enzyme commonly found in the digestive tract, can be used to digest the proteins that facilitate adhesion to the container and between cells." ], "url": [ "http://www.protocol-online.org/biology-forums/posts/21462.html", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trypsin", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trypsin", "http://www.worthington-biochem.com/tissuedissociation/trypsin.html", "http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/catalog/product/sigma/t4049?lang=en&region=US", "http://www.worthington-biochem.com/TRY/", "http://cytospring.com/pages/TrypsinEDTA.pdf", "http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/catalog/product/sigma/t3924?lang=en&region=US", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trypsinization" ] }

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[ "A sauce is liquid, cream, or semi-solid food." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1 ], "passage_text": [ "Full Definition of SAUCE. 1. : a condiment or relish for food; especially: a fluid dressing or topping. 2. : something that adds zest or piquancy. 3. : stewed fruit eaten with other food or as a dessert.", "If you're from the Midwest or Eastern seaboard of the United States, duck sauce is likely an orange jelly-like substance—similar to sweet-and-sour sauce but with a fruitier flavor—that comes in packets with your Chinese takeout. It's typically used for dipping crispy noodles, egg rolls, and other fried foods.", "A chef whisking a sauce. In cooking, a sauce is liquid, cream, or semi-solid food served on or used in preparing other foods. Sauces are not normally consumed by themselves; they add flavor, moisture, and visual appeal to another dish. Sauce is a French word taken from the Latin salsa, meaning salted.", "The sauce is a liquid or a cream or a semi-solid food. This food item is used when we are preparing food or when we are serving food. The sauce is not eaten by itself as a different dish. It is there to enhance the flavor of another dish. Since sauces are used in most types of food, naming all of them is impossible.", "Duck sauce is a sweet and sour sauce that has a long association as the perfect compliment to Chinese cuisine. It can be used as a glaze and an ingredient in recipes as well as being an ideal dipping sauce. It's made with dried fruit, sugar, and spices.", "Sauce. Def. 1-. (noun) a liquid or semi-liquid edible dressing or condiment served as an accompaniment to or an ingredient in a meat, dessert, or other food: pizza sauce, steak sauce, cranberry sauce, chocolate sauce, etc., or (verb) to add said sauce to something.", "In cooking, a sauce is liquid, cream, or semi-solid food served on or used in preparing other foods. Sauces are not normally consumed by themselves; they add flavor, moisture, and visual appeal to another dish. Sauce is a French word taken from the Latin salsa, meaning salted." ], "url": [ "http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/sauce", "http://www.smithsonianmag.com/arts-culture/what-is-duck-sauce-180953993/", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sauce", "http://www.differencebetween.com/difference-between-sauce-and-vs-gravy/", "http://www.wisegeek.org/what-is-duck-sauce.htm", "http://www.urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=Sauce", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sauce" ] }

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[ "The chorion is the outermost membrane around the embryo in mammals, birds and reptiles." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Making the world better, one answer at a time. The chorion is the outermost fetal membrane. It is formed by the fusion of the extraembryonic mesoderm with the inner surface of the trophoblasts. Its function is to aide in the production of the placenta", "The essential function of the chorion is to develop the villi and the placenta that will provide a pathway for exchange from the mother to the fetus, making it a pivotal part of the pregnancy. Function of the Chorion. While a fetus is developing inside the mother, it is totally dependent on her for nutrition and removal of wastes. As the chorion develops, the side that is facing the fetus becomes the placenta.", "From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. The chorion is the outermost membrane around the embryo in mammals, birds and reptiles. It develops from an outer fold on the surface of the yolk sac, which lies outside the vitteline envelope and is developed by the follicle cells while the egg is in the ovary. The chorion is one of the four extraembryonic membranes that make up the amniotic egg that provide for the nutrients and protection needed for the embryo's survival. It is located between the albumin, which is the white of the egg, and the eggshell. It encloses the embryo and the rest of the embryonic system.", "Amnion: A thin, tough, membranous sac that encloses the embryo. It is filled with a serous fluid in which the embryo is suspended. Chorion: The outer membrane enclosing the embryo in reptiles, birds, and mammals. In placental mammals it contributes to the development of the placenta. There are four fetal membranes—the amnion, chorion, yolk sac, and allantois. In the course of development, the chorion becomes the outermost, and the amnion the innermost, membrane surrounding the developing embryo.", "Definition of the Chorion. The chorion is a membrane that develops at the beginning of a pregnancy between the developing fetus and the mother and continues to grow throughout the pregnancy. The chorion is formed by two layers: embryonic mesoderm and a double layer of trophoblasts. Function of the Chorion. While a fetus is developing inside the mother, it is totally dependent on her for nutrition and removal of wastes. As the chorion develops, the side that is facing the fetus becomes the placenta.", "For the chorion in vertebrate eggs, see Chorion (egg). For the entertainment company see Chorion (company). In humans and most mammals, the chorion is one of the membranes that exist during pregnancy between the developing fetus and mother. It is formed by extraembryonic mesoderm and the two layers of trophoblast that surround the embryo and other membranes. ", "(Answer #1). The chorion is the outer membrane that encloses the embryo in reptiles, birds, and mammals. It is one of four fetal membranes which includes the allantois, amnion, chorion, and yolk sac. The function of the chorion is to contribute to the development of the placenta in placental mammals. The main function of the placenta is to move oxygenated blood into the bloodstream of the developing baby and in turn, move carbon dioxide out. It also ensures that nutrients are received, and wastes are taken away" ], "url": [ "http://www.answers.com/Q/The_Function_Of_Chorion", "http://study.com/academy/lesson/chorion-definition-function-quiz.html", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chorion_(egg)", "https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20070326220803AAfkVlP", "http://study.com/academy/lesson/chorion-definition-function-quiz.html", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chorion", "http://www.enotes.com/homework-help/what-functions-chorion-plancenta-174791" ] }

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[ "Female bearded dragons lay clutches a few times a year, averaging about 20 eggs in each clutch. When the hatchlings emerge two to three months later, they are about 4 inches long and weigh less than an ounce. Within two months, they are twice their birth size.earded dragons reach sexual maturity between the ages of 8 months and 18 months." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "How big does an adult bearded dragon get? The average adult bearded dragon gets 18 inches long (1 1/2 feet) . There are different species of bearded dragon that can get up to 24 inches (2 feet). ", "Juvenile bearded dragons. Before setting up a pair of bearded dragons for breeding, it is essential that the habitat is correct for the species. There should be a temperature gradient of 77 to 88 degrees Fahrenheit with a focal basking spot of 105 degrees. The beardies should be on a balanced diet with adequate calcium. Keep in mind that keeping your bearded dragons together is temporary. You will need two separate habitats in the long term as well as a suitable habitat for the hatchlings when the time comes. Full-spectrum lighting, including UVB, is necessary for proper calcium metabolism.", "It is recommended that the UVB light source should be less than 18 inches from where the Bearded Dragon spends most of its time; 10-12 inches is optimal. The areas illuminated by the incandescent basking light and the UV light should overlap. ", "Taming a bearded dragon Part I: The skittish baby. Case history #1 I got a bearded dragon because all the research I did showed me that bearded dragons were always calm and friendly. ", "Answers. Best Answer: It sure was nice of you to agree to take care of the Beardie. They usually stop growing completely once they reach a year and a half, and their growing is almost complete once they are a year old. Usually, they top out at 18-22 inches, although they can get up to 24 inches. ", "Bearded Dragon Hatchlings. Female bearded dragons lay clutches a few times a year, averaging about 20 eggs in each clutch. When the hatchlings emerge two to three months later, they are about 4 inches long and weigh less than an ounce. Within two months, they are twice their birth size. Bearded dragons reach sexual maturity between the ages of 8 months and 18 months. Determining the gender of your bearded dragon before maturity isn't easy. When grown, males are larger than females, with notably bigger heads.", "Insects. 1 There exists some golden rules on what do bearded dragons eat. 2 Don’t feed your bearded dragons with the insects that is longer than the width of the dragon eyes. 3 Avoid feeding it with the insects which have tough exoskeletons. As these bearded dragons can live up to 8 years in their natural environment, owners of these lizard pets can expect them to live at least for decade with proper care. Most of the pert owners used to have long term commitment with their pets.", "The length/ size of a Bearded Dragon depends on a few things; the species, the environment and their diet/ health. Typically the male will grow larger than the female. You can measure them in 2 ways, either by body length or from tip of the tail to the tip of their mouth – as done below. ", "theres acctually no way of knowing how large a beardie will get. for more info inbox me for more info. 1 Pets & Animals. 2 Standard YouTube License. " ], "url": [ "http://www.answers.com/Q/How_big_do_bearded_dragons_grow_to_be", "http://www.reptilesmagazine.com/Breeding-Lizards/Breeding-Bearded-Dragons-Wissman/", "http://www.peteducation.com/article.cfm?c=17+1796&aid=2730", "http://www.bio.miami.edu/tosney/file/BDtame1.html", "https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20071219211359AACS03B", "http://animals.mom.me/long-before-bearded-dragons-fully-grown-8850.html", "http://papre.com/how-long-do-bearded-dragons-live-what-do-bearded-dragons-eat/", "http://pogopogona.com/bearded-dragon-facts/how-big-do-bearded-dragons-get", "http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vsBqp_pELVM" ] }

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[ " 25, 11, 54, 13 and 39" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Powerball live results for $500 million jackpot (Feb. 11, 2015); Watch MLive, Michigan Lottery show. Previewing tonight's $500 million Powerball jackpot MLive's John Gonzalez and Jeff Holyfield of the Michigan Lottery preview tonight's $500 million Powerball jackpot. They will have a live show at 10:40 p.m.", "The $2 Powerball is bigger and better than ever! Jackpots start at $40 million and the second tier (Match 5 +0) prize is $1 Million! To play, choose five numbers from the first field of 69 numbers and one Powerball number from the second field of 26 numbers or simply ask your lottery retailer for a Quick Pick.", "Email. Winning tickets were sold in North Carolina, Texas and Puerto Rico in Wednesday's $564 million Powerball drawing, lottery officials confirmed today. The three tickets matched the numbers 25, 11, 54, 13 and 39, with a Powerball of 19.", "LANSING, MI -- Tonight's Powerball jackpot is $500 million, and MLive will have the winning numbers when they are revealed at 11 p.m. Once again I'll be joined by Jeff Holyfield of the Michigan Lottery, and we will have the winning Powerball numbers for tonight's drawing (Feb. 11, 2015). Join the live stream at 10:40 p.m. (Live stream player below.", "The drawing is at 10:59 p.m. The cash option for tonight's $500 million jackpot is $337 million. If no one wins tonight, the Powerball jackpot is projected to increase to $650 million for Saturday's drawing, Holyfield said. The cash option would be about $439 million.", "The Powerball results are announced at approximately 11 p.m. ET. Anxious ticket holders can watch the drawing live on any of these local TV stations. The winning numbers are: 11 – 13 – 25 – 39 – 54 and the Powerball is 19. Update: Winning tickets were sold in North Carolina, Puerto Rico and Texas. The three winners will split what turned out to be a $564.1 million Powerball jackpot." ], "url": [ "http://www.mlive.com/lansing-news/index.ssf/2015/02/powerball_live_results_for_500.html", "http://txlottery.org/export/sites/lottery/Games/Powerball/", "http://abcnews.go.com/US/numbers-drawn-564m-powerball-jackpot/story?id=28907520", "http://www.mlive.com/lansing-news/index.ssf/2015/02/powerball_live_results_for_500.html", "http://www.mlive.com/lansing-news/index.ssf/2015/02/powerball_live_results_for_500.html", "http://www.inquisitr.com/1833737/powerball-winning-numbers-results-february-11-are-you-the-500-million-jackpot-winner/" ] }

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[ "Writer" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "One such myth, although it’s rarely regarded as such, is that Shakespeare was the most famous playwright of his day. He wasn’t. While Shakespeare did belong to popular troupes — the Lord Chamberlain’s Men, and later the King’s Men — his success was not unrivaled, nor unparalleled.", "No Elizabethan documents support the claim that Shakespeare's plays and poems were written by someone else, or that the actor Shakespeare was not the author Shakespeare. There is also no evidence to suggest that the name used by this man who crafted the plays, sonnets, and poems was a pseudonym.", "Shakespeare’s current status is often described as “ bardolatry ,” an excessive veneration of the man marked by elaborate myths about who he was and what he really accomplished. One of the more popular myths involves Shakespeare’s “ wildly extensive ” vocabulary and ferocious knack for coining new words.", "Done to death by slanderous tongues. So wrote William Shakespeare in his play, Much Ado About Nothing. Or did he? Even people who have never actually read Shakespeare have heard the theories: Shakespeare's plays were written by Francis Bacon! Shakespeare's plays were written by the Earl of Oxford! Shakespeare's plays were written by anyone, anyone, but William Shakespeare! Lunacy, says Patrick Cheney, Distinguished Professor of English and Comparative Literature, gesturing to the early twentieth-century inventor of the Oxford theory, J. Thomas Looney.", "Most scholars accept that William Shakespeare was born in Stratford-upon-Avon, and spent time acting in London before returning to Stratford, where he lived until his death in 1616.", "For hundreds of years people were perfectly content to embrace the simple logic that William Shakespeare, respected actor, poet and dramatist, was, in fact, William Shakespeare.", "William Shakespeare is arguably the most famous writer of the English language, known for both his plays and sonnets. Though much about his life remains open to debate due to incomplete evidence, the following biography consolidates the most widely-accepted facts of Shakespeare's life and career.", "In 1585, Anne bore twins, baptized Hamnet and Judith Shakespeare. Hamnet died at the age of eleven, by which time William Shakespeare was already a successful playwright. Around 1589, Shakespeare wrote Henry VI, Part 1, which is considered to be his first play.", "William Shakespeare (26 April 1564 (baptised) – 23 April 1616) was an English author who wrote 37 plays and also 2 very long poems in his lifetime. He lived in Stratford-upon-Avon, in Warwickshire, England. His plays are still performed today. He is often quoted in modern writing." ], "url": [ "http://www.salon.com/2014/12/13/the_creation_of_william_shakespeare_how_the_bard_really_became_a_legend/", "http://www.shakespeare-online.com/faq/shakepeareauthorship.html", "http://www.salon.com/2014/12/13/the_creation_of_william_shakespeare_how_the_bard_really_became_a_legend/", "http://news.psu.edu/story/141315/2008/12/01/research/probing-question-did-shakespeare-really-write-all-those-plays", "http://www.history.com/news/ask-history/did-shakespeare-really-write-his-own-plays", "http://www.shakespeare-online.com/faq/shakepeareauthorship.html", "http://www.gradesaver.com/author/shakespeare/", "http://www.gradesaver.com/author/shakespeare/", "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Shakespeare" ] }

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[ "Uses ultrasound waves to examine the heart." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Echocardiogram. Guide. An echocardiogram (also called an echo) is a type of ultrasound test that uses high-pitched sound waves that are sent through a device called a transducer. The device picks up echoes of the sound waves as they bounce off the different parts of your heart. Transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE). This test is done to: 1 Look for the cause of abnormal heart sounds (murmurs or clicks), an enlarged heart, unexplained chest pain or pressure, shortness of breath, or irregular heartbeats. 2 Check the thickness and movement of the heart wall.", "An echocardiogram (echo) is a test that uses high frequency sound waves (ultrasound) to make pictures of your heart. The test is also called echocardiography or diagnostic cardiac ultrasound. Quick facts. 1 An echo uses sound waves to create pictures of your heart’s chambers, valves, walls and the blood vessels (aorta, arteries, veins) attached to your heart. 2 A probe called a transducer is passed over your chest. 1 If there is a tumor or infectious growth around your heart valves. 2 Problems with the outer lining of your heart (the pericardium). 3 Problems with the large blood vessels that enter and leave the heart. 4 Blood clots in the chambers of your heart. 5 Abnormal holes between the chambers of the heart. 6 An echo can’t harm you.", "This test helps your doctor diagnose heart rhythm problems and damage to your heart from a heart attack that may be underlying heart failure. Echocardiogram. An important test for diagnosing heart failure is the echocardiogram. ", "An echocardiogram uses sound waves to produce images of your heart. This commonly used test allows your doctor to see your heart beating and pumping blood. Your doctor can use the images from an echocardiogram to identify heart disease. Depending on what information your doctor needs, you may have one of several types of echocardiograms", "1 Echocardiography (echo) is a painless test that uses sound waves to create pictures of your heart. 2 This test gives your doctor information about the size and shape of your heart and how well your heart's chambers and valves are working. An echocardiogram (echo=sound + card=heart + gram=drawing) is an ultrasound test that can evaluate the structures of the heart, as well as the direction of blood flow within it.", "An echocardiogram is a test that uses ultrasound waves to examine the heart. Because it is a non-invasive test, it is a safe and painless way to help doctors diagnose a number of abnormalities of the heart. ", "Echocardiogram, often referred to as a cardiac echo or simply an echo, is a sonogram of the heart. (It is not abbreviated as ECG, an abbreviation for an electrocardiogram .) Echocardiography uses standard two-dimensional, three-dimensional, and Doppler ultrasound to create images of the heart. Not only can an echocardiogram create ultrasound images of heart structures, but it can also produce accurate assessment of the blood flowing through the heart by Doppler echocardiography, using pulsed or continuous wave Doppler ultrasound. This allows assessment of both normal and abnormal blood flow through", "Echocardiogram. An echocardiogram – also known as an echo – uses sound waves to build up a detailed picture of your heart. It is similar to the ultrasound scan used in pregnancy. ", "1 Stress echocardiogram: This is an echocardiogram that is performed while the person exercises on a treadmill or stationary bicycle. 2 This test can be used to visualize the motion of the heart's walls and pumping action when the heart is stressed. Your doctor will help determine which is best for you. 1 Transthoracic echocardiogram: This is the standard echocardiogram. 2 It is a painless test similar to X-ray, but without the radiation. 3 The procedure uses the same technology used to evaluate a baby's health before birth." ], "url": [ "http://www.webmd.com/heart-disease/echocardiogram", "http://www.heart.org/HEARTORG/Conditions/HeartAttack/SymptomsDiagnosisofHeartAttack/Echocardiogram---Echo_UCM_451485_Article.jsp", "http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/heart-failure/basics/tests-diagnosis/con-20029801", "http://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/echocardiogram/basics/definition/PRC-20013918", "http://www.medicinenet.com/echocardiogram/article.htm", "http://www.cardioconsult.com/DiagnosticTechniques/Echocardiogram.php", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Echocardiography", "https://www.bhf.org.uk/heart-health/tests/echocardiogram", "http://www.webmd.com/heart-disease/guide/diagnosing-echocardiogram" ] }

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[ "$400 per hour" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "$400 per hour. Hourly fee charged by attorney to write a patent. “Once a patent lawyer has enough information about the invention, he or she files a patent application, which takes an average of 25 hours to write and costs about $10,000.” $10,000/25 hours = $400/hour. IP attorney fees. Hours per", "In terms of total patent attorney fees, you might pay approximately $5,000 to $10,000 for a simple invention, $10,000 to $15,000 for a moderately complex invention, and $15,000+ for a complex invention. For example, a professional patent search might run you around $500 to $1,500, while getting a patentability opinion from a lawyer would cost approximately $1,000 to $2,000.", "Patent lawyer cost varies based on your geographical location and the attorney s credentials. With that in mind, you can expect to pay somewhere around $100 to $500 or more per hour, with mean hourly costs being closer to $250 to $450. In major metropolitan hours, however, patent lawyer fees could be double this amount. For example, a professional patent search might run you around $500 to $1,500, while getting a patentability opinion from a lawyer would cost approximately $1,000 to $2,000.", "It s possible to handle the bulk of the patent application yourself and only consult an attorney on specific matters. For example, a professional patent search might run you around $500 to $1,500, while getting a patentability opinion from a lawyer would cost approximately $1,000 to $2,000.", "In addition to the actual patent attorney cost, you ll also need to pay patent filing fees (individually ranging from hundreds to thousands of dollars) and drawing fees (around $75 to $150 per patent drawing). For example, a professional patent search might run you around $500 to $1,500, while getting a patentability opinion from a lawyer would cost approximately $1,000 to $2,000.", "Costs. A small entity should expect a design patent application to cost about $1,500 through filing. The $1,500 includes attorney fees of $1,120 estimated filing costs for a small entity of $380 ($190 for a micro-entity and $760 for a large entity). Patent Lifetime. A design patent has a term of 14 years from grant. Effective for patents issued on or after 19-DEC-2013, the design patent term will be 15 years.", "25 hours. Average time it takes for an attorney to write a patent. “Once a patent lawyer has enough information about the invention, he or she files a patent application, which takes an average of 25 hours to write and costs about $10,000.” $10,000/25 hours = $400/hour. IP attorney fees. Hours per", "The filing fee is $130 for a small entity and drawings typically cost $100 to $125 per page, so a high quality provisional patent application for a mechanical or electrical device can typically be prepared and filed for $2,500 to $3,000. 1 Filing fee to the USPTO for provisional patent application = $130 (small entity). 2 Nonprovisional patent application based off provisional filing = $10,000 to $12,000. 3 Filing fee to the USPTO for nonprovisional patent application = $800 to $1,25", "The complexity of the invention is a large factor in determining how much work it will take–which corresponds to the cost–to prepare a utility patent application. Below provides a estimate of the costs to prepare a patent application depending on the complexity of the invention. 1 Very simple invention – $1,500 – $2,500. 2 Simple invention – $2,500 – $3,500. 3 Medium complexity invention – $3,500 – $7,500. 4 Complex invention – $7,500 and up. ", "1 Rates for patent attorneys to prepare a patent application and defend it during the approval process range from $3,500 to $25,000 or more, depending on the complexity. 2 Attorneys fees may be based on hourly rates of $150-$400, depending on the services provided. " ], "url": [ "http://www.inventionstatistics.com/Patent_Attorney_Lawyer_Fees.html", "http://costowl.com/legal/lawyer-patent-cost.html", "http://costowl.com/legal/lawyer-patent-cost.html", "http://costowl.com/legal/lawyer-patent-cost.html", "http://costowl.com/legal/lawyer-patent-cost.html", "http://www.lventre.com/detailsdesign.html", "http://www.inventionstatistics.com/Patent_Attorney_Lawyer_Fees.html", "http://www.ipwatchdog.com/2015/04/04/the-cost-of-obtaining-a-patent-in-the-us/id=56485/", "http://www.ericksonlawgroup.com/law/patents/patentfaq/how-much-does-a-patent-cost/", "http://smallbusiness.costhelper.com/patent.html" ] }

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[ "Ray of light or Sun Rays" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 1, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Name Rashmi generally means Ray of light or Sun Rays, is of Indian origin, Name Rashmi is a Unisex name, which means both Boy and Girl can have this name. Person with name Rashmi are mainly Hindu by religion. Name Rashmi belongs to rashi Tula (Libra) with dominant planet Venus (Shukra) and Nakshatra (stars) Hastha.", "Rashmi is a Sanskrit word which basically means 'ray of light'. Rashmi is a fitting name for someone who is fun-loving yet responsible, carefree yet caring when it comes to her loved ones and who is delightfully smart. Rashmi is someone who you can always count on to make you smile.", "Meaning of Rashmi. Indian name. In Indian, the name Rashmi means-a ray of light.The name Rashmi originated as an Indian name. The name Rashmi is most often used as a girl name or female name. Indian Name Meaning-a ray of light. Origin-India. Global Star Registery-Name a star after someone special!" ], "url": [ "http://www.indiachildnames.com/name.aspx?name=Rashmi", "http://www.urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=rashmi", "http://www.meaning-of-names.com/indian-names/rashmi.asp" ] }

[]

[ "Queens" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Confidence votes 45.0K. Queens is the largest borough, followed by Staten Island, Brooklyn, The Bronx, and Manhattan is the smallest. Note that the Wikipedia entry for New York City says that Brooklyn is the 2nd largest borough, and Staten Island is the 3rd largest.", "New York City is not in any one borough. Quite the opposite, in fact: the boroughs are in New York City. New York City is comprised of five boroughs: Manhattan, Queens, Brookl … yn, the Bronx, and Staten Island. The name New York City refers to all the boroughs combined.", "The Five Boroughs. New York City is made up of five boroughs: the Bronx, Brooklyn, Manhattan, Queens and Staten Island. Each one has enough attractions—and enough personality—to be a city all its own. Learn more about them with this guide.", "New York City is comprised of five boroughs: Manhattan, Queens, Brookl … yn, the Bronx, and Staten Island. The name New York City refers to all the boroughs combined. However, sometimes when people say New York City, they are speaking only about the borough of Manhattan.", "No New York City borough fits this description. Manhattan is the smallest borough in land size, but Brooklyn has the largest population (2.5 million residents). However, Manha … ttan is the most densely populated borough (over 71,000 people per square mile).", "No New York City borough fits this description. Manhattan is the smallest borough in land size, but Brooklyn has the largest population (2.5 million residents). However, Manha … ttan is the most densely populated borough (over 71,000 people per square mile).", "Downtown Brooklyn is New York City’s largest business district outside of Manhattan, and there are a number of other important economic centers in the borough, including the Brooklyn Navy Yard, Sunset Park, Williamsburg and Greenpoint." ], "url": [ "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_is_the_biggest_to_smallest_borough_in_New_York_City", "http://www.answers.com/Q/Which_is_the_largest_borough_in_New_york_city", "http://www.nycgo.com/neighborhoods", "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_is_the_biggest_to_smallest_borough_in_New_York_City", "http://www.answers.com/Q/Which_is_the_largest_borough_in_New_york_city", "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_is_the_biggest_to_smallest_borough_in_New_York_City", "http://www.osc.state.ny.us/osdc/rpt4-2015.pdf" ] }

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[ "It is a valve that relieves pressure and...ighten the lock nut with another wrench." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "How to Adjust the External Wastegate on a Turbo Turbo boost can be adjusted at the external wastegate valve. An engine turbo charger produces extra horsepower and performance in an automobile engine. It does this by pressurizing the intake air before it enters the engine for combustion. Tighten the lock nut with another wrench. Place the wastegate cover back on and install the cover retaining spring by compressing it and fitting back into the housing groove. Make sure it snaps back into position， 4，。. or pressure.", "Visited: 9614 Usability Rating: Coming Soon. Article: Below is what I recorded when I was research which wastegate I required for my T64 set-up. Contrary to popular belief, larger higher HP applications do not necessarily require the largest wastegate available. The lower the boost pressure you are gunning for the larger your wastegate needs to be.", "The Sprinter is a vehicle built by Daimler AG of Stuttgart, Germany as a van, chassis cab, minibus, and pickup truck. In the past the Sprinter has been sold under the Mercedes-Benz, Dodge, Freightliner, and Volkswagen nameplates. In the United States it is built from complete knock down (CKD) kits by Freightliner. They are now primarily marketed by Mercedes-Benz.", "An engine/turbo combination that is set to 25+psi has a smaller wastegate flow requirement than the same application set to 7 psi. This is because the wastegate is used to lower the boost not raise it, the lower the boost pressure is set the more flow the wastegate must allow. Contrary to popular belief, larger higher HP applications do not necessarily require the largest wastegate available. The lower the boost pressure you are gunning for the larger your wastegate needs to be.", "Pull the vacuum line loose and install a T-fitting to the hose， are a common way to increase efficiency and power in todays diesel powered vehicles. Most diesel vehicles produced in... How to Clean the Waste Gate of a 1999 Dodge Diesel One component that needs maintenance on a Dodge Diesel truck is the wastegate. A wastegate is a valve that relieves pressure and... Tighten the lock nut with another wrench. Place the wastegate cover back on and install the cover retaining spring by compressing it and fitting back into the housing groove. Make sure it snaps back into position， 4，。. or pressure.", "Description. The objective of a turbocharger is to improve the engine's volumetric efficiency by solving one of its cardinal limitations. A naturally aspirated automobile engine uses only the downward stroke of a piston to create an area of low pressure in order to draw air into the cylinder through the intake valves. The pressure in the atmosphere is no more than 1 atm (approximately 14.7 psi), so there ultimately will be a limit to the pressure difference across the intake valves and thus the amount of airflow entering the combustion chamber.", "Remove the actuator end link from the wastegate lever. If there is a turnbuckle with an adjusting link, do NOT adjust the piston guided actuator by turning the rod of the actuator. This will damage the rubber diaphragm inside the actuator. The knurled turnbuckle on the new end adjusting link must be used. Leave the setting pressure air supply connected to the wastegate capsule. Loosen the actuator end-link locknut. To reduce the possibility of breaking the wastegate pivot pin, use a wrench on the end link to support it while loosening and/or tightening", "A controllable butterfly valve in the exhaust pipe of a reciprocating engine equipped with a turbocharger. The valve controls the amount of exhaust gases that can be forced through the turbocharger. The valve gradually closes with height until it is rated at full-throttle or another selected value is reached when it is fully closed. At this time, all exhaust gases must pass through the turbocharger. See also butterfly valve", "An actuator is a type of motor that is responsible for moving or controlling a mechanism or system. It is operated by a source of energy, typically electric current, hydraulic fluid pressure, or pneumatic pressure, and converts that energy into motion. An actuator is the mechanism by which a control system acts upon an environment. The control system can be simple (a fixed mechanical or electronic system), software-based (e.g. a printer driver, robot control system), a human, or any other input" ], "url": [ "http://www.turbos95.com/parts/wastegate/201206/20/3562.html", "http://www.supras.com/06/techcenter/display.php?QID=77", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercedes-Benz_Sprinter", "http://www.supras.com/06/techcenter/display.php?QID=77", "http://www.turbos95.com/parts/wastegate/201206/20/3562.html", "http://www.ebay.com/itm/T04E-T3-T4-63-TURBO-TURBOCHARGER-COMPRESSOR-300-HP-W-INTERNAL-WASTEGATE-V-BAND-/170717412795", "http://www.justanswer.com/heavy-equipment/2gmhh-adjust-cummins-isx600-turbo-wastegate-specs.html", "http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Wastegate", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Actuator" ] }

[]

[ "April 16, 1862", "16 April" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Elsewhere in the United States, the emancipation of slaves is celebrated in Florida (May 20), Puerto Rico (March 22) and Texas (June 19). Select another year-range: Emancipation Day is a holiday in Washington DC to mark the anniversary of the signing of the Compensated Emancipation Act, which president Abraham Lincoln signed on April 16, 1862. It is annually held on April 16. Emancipation Day marks the signing of the Compensated Emancipation Act in 1862.", "Juneteenth, also known as Juneteenth Independence Day or Freedom Day, is a holiday that commemorates the announcement of the abolition of slavery in Texas in June 1865, and more generally the emancipation of African-American slaves throughout the Confederate South. ", "Emancipation Day is a holiday in Washington DC to mark the anniversary of the signing of the Compensated Emancipation Act, which president Abraham Lincoln signed on April 16, 1862. It is annually held on April 16. Select another year-range: Emancipation Day is a holiday in Washington DC to mark the anniversary of the signing of the Compensated Emancipation Act, which president Abraham Lincoln signed on April 16, 1862. It is annually held on April 16. Emancipation Day marks the signing of the Compensated Emancipation Act in 1862.", "In Columbus, Mississippi, Emancipation Day is celebrated on May 8, known locally as Eighth o' May. As in other southern states, the local celebration commemorates the date in 1865 when African Americans in eastern Mississippi learned of their freedom. Emancipation Day is widely observed in the British West Indies during the first week of August. In many Caribbean countries the Emancipation Day celebration is a part of Carnival, as the Caribbean Carnival takes place at this time.", "TX. Emancipation Day is a public holiday on 16 April each year that, in recent history, has been celebrated only since 2005. If the date falls on a weekend, the holiday is the nearest weekday, either Friday or Monday. Emancipation Day celebrates when President Abraham Lincoln signed the Compensated Emancipaton Act in 1862", "Emancipation Day has been observed annually since 1863 in Gallia County in south-eastern Ohio, so this celebration is most widely known and usually attracts more than 2000 visitors from Ohio and the rest of the United States. The Emancipation Proclamation went into effect on January 1, 1863. The abolishment of slavery in the United States is celebrated on different dates in other parts of the country.", "Juneteenth, celebrated on June 19, is the name given to emancipation day by African-Americans in Texas. On that day in 1865 Union Major-General Gordon Granger read General Orders, No.3 to the people of Galveston. It stated. ", "Join Yard Sign Campaign. From its Galveston, Texas origin in 1865, the observance of June 19th as the African American Emancipation Day has spread across the United States and beyond. Today Juneteenth commemorates African American freedom and emphasizes education and achievement. ", "Emancipation Day is celebrated in many former British colonies in the Caribbean and areas of the United States on various dates in observance of the emancipation of slaves of African descent. It is also observed in other areas in regard to the abolition of serfdom or other forms of servitude. Emancipation Day is widely observed in the British West Indies during the first week of August. In many Caribbean countries the Emancipation Day celebration is a part of Carnival, as the Caribbean Carnival takes place at this time." ], "url": [ "http://www.timeanddate.com/holidays/us/emancipation-day-dc", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juneteenth", "http://www.timeanddate.com/holidays/us/emancipation-day-dc", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emancipation_Day", "http://publicholidays.us/emancipation-day/", "http://www.timeanddate.com/holidays/us/emancipation-day-oh", "https://www.tsl.texas.gov/ref/abouttx/juneteenth.html", "http://juneteenth.com/", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emancipation_Day" ] }

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[ "It have to be cooked three separate times." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Directions: 1. Cut pork in 2-inch strips with the grain. Bring water to a boil add pork and cook, uncovered, 10 minutes. Drain, discarding liquid. Let meat cool, then cut against the grain in 1/4-inch slices. 2. Peel taro cut in l4-inch slices, then in 1 1/2-inch cubes. Stir-fry a few times. Add pork and stir-fry to heat through (about 1 minute). Stir in sherry until it evaporates. 5. Add red bean cheese mixture and stir-fry until pork is completely coated.", "Thrice cooked chips, however, have to be cooked three separate times. It cannot be one longer/hotter cook. Using Thrice is more descriptive, and in order to be completely understood, you should use thrice. If you want to sell chips, do some market surveys of your target audience and go with the majority.", "Twice cooked pork (simplified Chinese: 回锅肉; traditional Chinese: 回鍋肉; pinyin: Hui Huí Guō; Rou: ròu jyutping; wui4 wo1yuk6 literally return; pot meat also called double) cooked pork is-a Well-known Sichuan style. chinese dish The dish's ingredients include pork, which is simmered then sliced and stir fried, and commonly stir fried vegetables such as cabbage, bell peppers, onions, or scallions with a sauce that may include Shaoxing rice wine, Hoisin sauce, soy sauce, sugar, ginger, chili bean paste and tianmianjiang bean paste.", "Full Definition of RICE. : the starchy seeds of an annual southeast Asian cereal grass (Oryza sativa) that are cooked and used for food; also: this cereal grass that is widely cultivated in warm climates for its seeds and by-products — compare wild rice. See rice defined for English-language learners. See rice defined for kids. ADVERTISEMENT", "Thrice cooked is a bit archaic. Correct English would be Triply cooked in my opinion. Triple cooked cookies rather sounds like triple cookies rather than triply cooked. Using Thrice is more descriptive, and in order to be completely understood, you should use thrice. If you want to sell chips, do some market surveys of your target audience and go with the majority.", "Turkish coffee (Turkish: Tuerk türk, kahvesi Or armenian, coffee Or arabic, coffee Or greek, coffee Or cypriot) coffee is a method of preparing unfiltered. Coffee roasted and then finely ground coffee beans are boiled in a (pot), cezve usually with, sugar and served in a cup where the grounds are allowed to. settle It is called Arabic coffee (qahwa ‘arabiyya, قهوة عربية). Constructions such as Egyptian coffee, Syrian coffee, Lebanese coffee, and Iraqi coffee draw a distinction in the flavor, preparation, or presentation of different kinds of Turkish coffee.", "The process of cooking twice cooked pork involves first simmering pork belly steaks in water with spices, e.g. slices of ginger, cloves, star anise, jujubes and salt. After refrigeration to firm the meat, next it is then cut into thin slices. The dish's ingredients include pork, which is simmered then sliced and stir fried, and commonly stir fried vegetables such as cabbage, bell peppers, onions, or scallions with a sauce that may include Shaoxing rice wine, Hoisin sauce, soy sauce, sugar, ginger, chili bean paste and tianmianjiang bean paste." ], "url": [ "http://www.dvo.com/recipe_pages/china/Thrice-Cooked_Pork.php", "http://english.stackexchange.com/questions/186043/thrice-or-triple", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twice_cooked_pork", "http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/rice", "http://english.stackexchange.com/questions/186043/thrice-or-triple", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkish_coffee", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twice_cooked_pork" ] }

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[ "Neorealism or structural realism is a theory of international relations first outlined by Kenneth Waltz in his 1979 book Theory of International Politics." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "By Jo Jakobsen, NTNU. Neorealism – or structural realism – is the bedrock theory of International Relations. Starting from a simple set of assumptions, it seeks to explain how states, in particular the most powerful ones, behave, and how they interact with each other on the international arena. Neorealism – or structural realism – is a theory of international politics.", "This chapter examines Ontic Structural Realism (OSR) and its relationship with the philosophy of physics. OSR is the view that the world has an objective modal structure that is ontologically fundamental, in the sense of not supervening on the intrinsic properties of a set of individuals. ", "Neorealism or structural realism is a theory of international relations first outlined by Kenneth Waltz in his 1979 book Theory of International Politics. Neorealism emerged from the North American discipline of political science, and reformulates the classical realist tradition of E.H. Carr, Hans Morgenthau, and Reinhold Niebuhr. Realists in general argue that power is the most important factor in international relations.", "Neorealism is often called “structural realism,” which signifies that the theory primarily centers on the effects of the structure of the international system when it seeks to explain outcomes in international politics. Starting from a simple set of assumptions, it seeks to explain how states, in particular the most powerful ones, behave, and how they interact with each other on the international arena. Neorealism – or structural realism – is a theory of", "Structural Realism builds on Realism continuing Waltz's argument that the international system acts to regulate the behavior of states. Structural Realism says that the structure in which states exist determines behavior, and the world is structured in such a way that Realism applies. The key lesson that we can draw from Structural Realism is that institutions can be changed. Whether on a local, national, or international level institutions, governments, ect. are created by people in order to be tools.", "Structural realism is considered by many realists and antirealists alike as the most defensible form of scientific realism. There are now many forms of structural realism and an extensive literature about them. Ontic structural realists argue that what we have learned from contemporary physics is that the nature of space, time and matter are not compatible with standard metaphysical views about the ontological relationship between individuals, intrinsic properties and relations.", "Modified Structural Realism [edit]. Modified Structural Realism is the result of an effort by Robert O. Keohane to improve the theories of Classical and Structural Realism adding some basic assumptions from Idealist theories. Key assumptions: 1 Sovereign states are the principal actors in the international system. The Premises of Structural Realism [edit]. Structural Realism usually begins with the following assumptions: 1 that the international system is anarchic; that is, there is no credible power above the states that compromise the system. 2 that states cannot be certain of the intentions of other states.", "There is an analogy here with the theory of universals and the problem of exemplification. A similar complaint is made by Cao (2003a and 2003b). Esfeld (2013) uses this objection in the context of the interpretation of quantum mechanics to pose a dilemma for ontic structural realism. Ontic structural realists argue that what we have learned from contemporary physics is that the nature of space, time and matter are not compatible with standard metaphysical views about the ontological relationship between individuals, intrinsic properties and relations.", "Abstract. In recent years a doctrine known as ontic structural realism (OSR) has achieved a degree of notoriety, but many people remain confused as to what exactly the doctrine amounts. This is because, “following moderate structural realism, the relations and the objects that stand in the relations are on the same ontological footing and are also conceptually interdependent ” (Esfeld & Lam, 2008, p. 37, my emphasis).", "Structural realism is often characterised as the view that scientific theories tell us only about the form or structure of the unobservable world and not about its nature. This leaves open the question as to whether the natures of things are posited to be unknowable for some reason or eliminated altogether. Ontic structural realists argue that what we have learned from contemporary physics is that the nature of space, time and matter are not compatible with standard metaphysical views about the ontological relationship between individuals, intrinsic properties and relations." ], "url": [ "http://www.popularsocialscience.com/2013/11/06/neorealism-in-international-relations-kenneth-waltz/", "http://www.oxfordscholarship.com/view/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199276196.001.0001/acprof-9780199276196-chapter-3", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neorealism_(international_relations)", "http://www.popularsocialscience.com/2013/11/06/neorealism-in-international-relations-kenneth-waltz/", "http://www.lgillheeney.com/2013/02/test.html", "http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/structural-realism/", "https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Structural_realism", "http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/structural-realism/", "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1355219809000604", "http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/structural-realism/" ] }

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[ "1 To hold the position of authority; act as chairperson or president: presided over the department for a year. 2 To possess or exercise authority or control: preside at a meeting. 3 Music To be the featured instrumental performer: presided at the keyboard." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 1, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "verb officiate, chair, moderate, be chairperson He presided at the closing ceremony. preside over something or someone run, lead, head, control, manage, direct, conduct, govern, administer, supervise, be at the head of, be in authority The question of who should preside over the next full commission was being debated.", "Full Definition of PRESIDE. intransitive verb. 1. : to exercise guidance, direction, or control. 2. a: to occupy the place of authority: act as president, chairman, or moderator b: to occupy a position similar to that of a president or chairman. 3. — pre·sid·er noun. See preside defined for English-language learners.", "Full Definition of PRESIDENT. 1. : an official chosen to preside over a meeting or assembly. 2. : an appointed governor of a subordinate political unit. 3. : the chief officer of an organization (as a corporation or institution) usually entrusted with the direction and administration of its policies. 4.", "intransitive verb. 1 To hold the position of authority; act as chairperson or president: presided over the department for a year. 2 To possess or exercise authority or control: preside at a meeting. 3 Music To be the featured instrumental performer: presided at the keyboard.", "preside over something or someone run, lead, head, control, manage, direct, conduct, govern, administer, supervise, be at the head of, be in authority The question of who should preside over the next full commission was being debated." ], "url": [ "http://www.thefreedictionary.com/preside", "http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/preside", "http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/president", "http://www.yourdictionary.com/preside", "http://www.thefreedictionary.com/presided" ] }

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[ "Less than 200 is best" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "If you have known cardiovascular disease, optimal lipid management calls for your low-density lipoprotein (LDL) to be less than 100, total cholesterol less than 200, and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) greater than 40. Your goal -- the ideal cholesterol numbers -- are a bit of a moving target, but current medical guidelines call for total cholesterol of under 200. Good cholesterol (HDL) should be above 40 for men and above 50 for women. Bad cholesterol (LDL) needs to be as close to 70 as possible.", "Total cholesterol level. 1 Less than 200 is best. 2 200 to 239 is borderline high. 3 240 or more means you're at increased risk for heart disease. LDL cholesterol levels. 1 Below 100 is ideal for people who have a higher risk of heart disease. 2 100 to 129 is near optimal. 3 130 to 159 is borderline high. 4 160 or more means you're at a higher", "HDL (good) cholesterol protects against heart disease, so for HDL, higher numbers are better. A level less than 40 mg/dL is low and is considered a major risk factor because it increases your risk for developing heart disease. HDL levels of 60 mg/dL or more help to lower your risk for heart disease. ", "For example, if your total cholesterol level is high because of a high LDL level, you may be at higher risk of heart disease or stroke. But, if your total cholesterol level is high only because of a high HDL level, you're probably not at higher risk. LDL cholesterol levels. 1 Below 100 is ideal for people who have a higher risk of heart disease. 2 100 to 129 is near optimal. 3 130 to 159 is borderline high. 4 160 or more means you're at a higher risk for", "Total blood (or serum) cholesterol. Your total cholesterol score is calculated using the following equation: HDL + LDL + 20 percent of your triglyceride level. HDL (good) cholesterol. With HDL cholesterol, higher levels are better. Low HDL cholesterol puts you at higher risk for heart disease. Your total cholesterol and HDL (good) cholesterol are among numerous factors your doctor can use to predict your lifetime or 10-year risk for a heart attack or stroke. View an animation of cholesterol score. Your test report will show your cholesterol levels in milligrams per deciliter of blood (mg/dL).", "The American Heart Association recommends that your total cholesterol should be less than 200 mg/dL, but what they do not tell you is that total cholesterol level is just about worthless in determining your risk for heart disease, unless it is above 300. ", "Your total cholesterol level is Borderline High, but fortunately your level of bad LDL cholesterol is optimal. This could mean you have a high level of high-density lipoprotein, or good HDL cholesterol, which protects against heart disease. The HDL helps keep your LDL level in check. Ask your doctor for your HDL level. If your HDL is low, increasing your physical activity can increase it, which may help reduce your LDL level. Your total cholesterol level is in the Desirable range, but your level of bad LDL cholesterol is Very High.", "Your total cholesterol level is in the Desirable range, but your level of bad LDL cholesterol is Very High. This may mean that your level of high-density lipoprotein (HDL), or good cholesterol, is too low. If your LDL is 190 or more, it is considered very high. Your doctor will most likely recommend a statin in addition to making healthy lifestyle choices. Statins are medicines that can help lower cholesterol levels. You may also need to take a statin even though your LDL level is lower than 190.", "Your total cholesterol level is in the Desirable range, but your level of bad LDL cholesterol is High. This may mean that your level of high-density lipoprotein (HDL), or good cholesterol, is too low. It is best to have a high level of good HDL and a low level of bad LDL. If your LDL is 190 or more, it is considered very high. Your doctor will most likely recommend a statin in addition to making healthy lifestyle choices. Statins are medicines that can help lower cholesterol levels. You may also need to take a statin even though your LDL level is lower than 190.", "Cholesterol levels should be measured at least once every five years in everyone over age 20. The screening test that is usually performed is a blood test called a lipid profile. Experts recommend that men ages 35 and older and women ages 45 and older be more frequently screened for lipid disorders. If your LDL is 190 or more, it is considered very high. Your doctor will most likely recommend a statin in addition to making healthy lifestyle choices. Statins are medicines that can help lower cholesterol levels. You may also need to take a statin even though your LDL level is lower than 190." ], "url": [ "https://www.sharecare.com/health/cholesterol/what-should-my-total-cholesterol-level-be", "http://familydoctor.org/familydoctor/en/diseases-conditions/high-cholesterol.html", "http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/resources/heart/heart-cholesterol-hbc-what-html", "http://familydoctor.org/familydoctor/en/diseases-conditions/high-cholesterol.html", "http://www.heart.org/HEARTORG/Conditions/Cholesterol/AboutCholesterol/What-Your-Cholesterol-Levels-Mean_UCM_305562_Article.jsp", "http://articles.mercola.com/sites/articles/archive/2010/08/10/making-sense-of-your-cholesterol-numbers.aspx", "http://www.webmd.com/cholesterol-management/guide/understanding-numbers?page=2", "http://www.webmd.com/cholesterol-management/guide/understanding-numbers", "http://www.webmd.com/cholesterol-management/guide/understanding-numbers", "http://www.webmd.com/cholesterol-management/guide/understanding-numbers" ] }

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[ "Because he became a confidant of Kublai Khan." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Marco lived in China for many years and learned to speak the language. He traveled throughout China as a messenger and spy for Kublai Khan. He even traveled far to the south to where Myanmar and Vietnam are today. During these visits he learned about different cultures, foods, cities, and peoples. He saw many places and things that no one from Europe had ever seen before. Marco Polo was a merchant and explorer who traveled throughout the Far East and China for much of his life. His stories were the basis for what much of Europe knew about Ancient China for many years. He lived from 1254 to 1324.", "I googled “ Mongolian Empire ” and found one. Marco Polo arrives on the scene when Kublai Khan is in the midst of civil war with his brother, and while he is campaigning to conquer the Song Dynasty – the last walled stronghold in China. It’s kind of an exciting time to be in Mongolia. ", "Engraving of Marco Polo, who traveled from Venice to the court of the Mongol emperor Kublai Khan in Yuan China in the thirteenth century. ", "View full size image. Marco Polo was one of the first and most famous Europeans to travel to Asia during the Middle Ages. He traveled farther than any of his predecessors during his 24-year journey along the Silk Road, reaching China and Mongolia, where he became a confidant of Kublai Khan. The story of his journey is told in Il Milione (The Million), commonly called The Travels of Marco Polo.. Finally, the Polos reached Beijing and met Kublai Khan at the summer palace, Xanadu, a glorious marble and gold structure that enchanted young Marco. The Khan happily received the Polos. He invited them to stay and for Niccolo and Maffeo to become part of his court.", "While Marco and Kublai are discussing Marco's father's punishment, a poison dart comes out of nowhere and strikes the Khan in the neck. As he collapses and passes out, a group of black-masked assassins barge in and start a fight. Marco manages to defend the Khan until a warrior named Byamba and Hundred Eyes arrive. ", "[ˈmarko ˈpɔːlo] ; September 15, 1254 – January 8–9, 1324) was an Italian merchant traveller whose travels are recorded in Livres des merveilles du monde (Book of the Marvels of the World, also known as The Travels of Marco Polo, c. 1300), a book that introduced Europeans to Central Asia and China. He died in 1324 and was buried in the church of San Lorenzo in Venice. Marco Polo was not the first European to reach China (see Europeans in Medieval China), but he was the first to leave a detailed chronicle of his experience. This book inspired Christopher Columbus and many other travellers", "A few months before Marco Polo was born in 1254, his father Niccolo and uncle Maffeo left Italy on a trading excursion to Asia. The brothers returned to Venice in 1269, and it was only then that 15-year-old Marco finally met Niccolo, the father he never knew he had. ", "Italian Trader at the Court of Kublai Khan. At the height of the Mongol Empire, Marco Polo served Emperor Kublai Khan in China and returned to Venice to write an account of his experiences that would give Europeans some of their earliest information about China. ", "In 1251, Kublai's eldest brother Moengke möngke Became khan of The Mongol, empire And Khwarizmian Mahmud yalavach And kublai were sent To. China kublai received the viceroyalty Over North china and moved his ordo to Central Inner. mongolia Kublai was the fourth son of Tolui (his second son with Sorghaghtani Beki) and a grandson of Genghis Khan." ], "url": [ "http://www.ducksters.com/biography/marco_polo.php", "http://decider.com/2014/12/10/whats-marco-polo/", "http://asianhistory.about.com/od/china/p/Biography-of-Marco-Polo.htm", "http://www.livescience.com/27513-marco-polo.html", "http://www.fashionnstyle.com/articles/39490/20150107/marco-polo-2015-recap-traitor-kublais-court-marco-tries-save-khan-from-dreaded-hashshashin-ruler-survive-attack-spoilers.htm", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marco_Polo", "http://www.history.com/news/history-lists/11-things-you-may-not-know-about-marco-polo", "https://www.khanacademy.org/partner-content/big-history-project/expansion-interconnection/exploration-interconnection/a/marco-polo", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kublai_Khan" ] }

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[ "$500 per month" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "1 You can definitely get breakfast for well under $18 per person. 2 Check out these tips for saving money on breakfasts in Hawaii. 3 Lunch – average of $20 per person, which would be $40 per couple. 4 Again, this is basing the cost on resort hotel restaurant prices.", "As a rough round number, I think estimating $70 per person per day is doable without skimping too much or overdoing it. (See our tips for saving money on dining and meals in Hawaii .) That would be $15 for breakfast, $15 for lunch, and $40 for dinner.", "Average grocery expenses for me and my wife are around $350 a month. We eat meat once a week at most, so the bulk of the cost is in veges and fresh fruits. Add to it an average of $120 a month for eating out (about once a week).", "There is something definitely wrong with your food expenses if they are more than your rent. In my mind a budget of $500/month which is about $16/day for two or $8/day individually is something to shoot for. But I think that food expenses are food and beverage expenses.", "Accommodations. The cost of accommodations mostly vary based on the type of property – budget to luxury. (In our many trips to Hawaii, we’ve paid as little as $150 per night to as much as $525 or more.) For first quarter 2015, the statewide Hawaii hotel rate was $252 per night.", "1 Breakfast – average of $18 per person based on ordering breakfast in a resort from an a la carte breakfast menu. 2 So the total cost per couple would be $36. 3 You can definitely get breakfast for well under $18 per person. 4 Check out these tips for saving money on breakfasts in Hawaii.", "According to the latest hotel data, the average cost of a hotel room in Hawaii is $199 per night. For reference, we paid $150 per night for a nicely furnished, fully equipped, two-bedroom condo on the luxurious Kohala Coast of Hawaii’s Big Island less than two months ago." ], "url": [ "http://www.govisithawaii.com/2008/05/06/how-much-money-should-you-budget-for-a-hawaii-vacation/", "http://www.govisithawaii.com/2012/08/29/how-much-for-a-trip-to-hawaii-budget-calculator/", "http://www.yelp.com/topic/honolulu-how-much-do-you-spend-on-food-in-a-month", "http://www.yelp.com/topic/honolulu-how-much-do-you-spend-on-food-in-a-month", "http://www.govisithawaii.com/2012/08/29/how-much-for-a-trip-to-hawaii-budget-calculator/", "http://www.govisithawaii.com/2008/05/06/how-much-money-should-you-budget-for-a-hawaii-vacation/", "http://www.govisithawaii.com/2008/05/06/how-much-money-should-you-budget-for-a-hawaii-vacation/" ] }

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[ "Physical" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Physical properties are those that can be observed without changing the identity of the substance. The general properties of matter such as color, density, hardness, are examples of physical properties. Properties that describe how a substance changes into a completely different substance are called chem", "Density is a physical property and not a chemical property because density changes with respect to change in the states of matter. In Solid, Liquid and Gas respectively, t … he density changes. For example, water, ice and water vapour have different densities.", "A change in density may accompany a Physical change. When liquid water becomes solid water, the solid water FLOATS; (is less dense) on top of its liquid form. Density itself is a physical property, not a change.", "Chemical Change: A chemical change is a reaction that transforms (changes) a substance into a new substance or substances with different properties. Physical Change: No new su … bstances are made. It is fairly easy to reverse this kind of change. An example would be dissolving salt in water.", "A chemical property is a characteristic of a pure substance that describes its ability to change into different substances. For example, a chemical property of methane is that it can catch fire and burn in air. Physical properties can be observed or measured without changing the composition of matter.", "Split and merge into it. Answer by Christinalove12. Confidence votes 214. Density is classified as a physical property because the density of a substance can change when the substance changes state. Example: When water evaporates it is a physical change and the density changes. A chemical property is a property that describes its ability to react chemically with other substances and THEREFORE density is not a chemical property." ], "url": [ "https://www.nde-ed.org/EducationResources/CommunityCollege/Materials/Physical_Chemical/PhysicalProperties.htm", "http://www.answers.com/Q/Is_density_classified_as_a_chemical_property_or_a_physical_property", "http://www.answers.com/Q/Is_density_a_physical_change_or_chemical_change", "http://www.answers.com/Q/Is_density_a_physical_change_or_chemical_change", "http://www.answers.com/Q/Is_density_classified_as_a_chemical_property_or_a_physical_property", "http://www.answers.com/Q/Is_density_classified_as_a_chemical_property_or_a_physical_property" ] }

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[ "The part of the midbrain that link the remainder of the brainstem to the thalami and thereby, the cerebrum." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "The cerebral peduncles (also known as the cerebral crus) are the part of the midbrain that link the remainder of the brainstem to the thalami and thereby, the cerebrum. They are the most anterior structure in the midbrain and contain the large ascending and descending tracts that run to and from", "Thus, the inputs to the cerebellum are conveyed primarily through the inferior and middle cerebellar peduncles, whereas the outputs are conveyed primarily through the superior cerebellar peduncle. The inputs arise from the ipsilateral side of the body, and the outputs also go to the ipsilateral side of the body.", "Formerly called caudal cerebellar peduncle. middle cerebellar peduncle a large bundle of projection fibers originating in the contralateral pontine nuclei and entering the cerebellum, conveying impulses from the cerebral cortex to the neocerebellum. pineal peduncle habenula (def. 2).", "The cerebellum is connected to the brainstem by three cerebellar peduncles: 1) the inferior cerebellar peduncle (restiform body and juxtrarestiform body) 2) the middle cerebellar peduncle (brachium pontis), and 3) the superior peduncle (brachium conjunctivum) (1).", "A cerebellar peduncle is a nerve tract that permits communication between the cerebellum and the other parts of the central nervous system. Three pairs of cerebellar peduncles conduct this communication. The inferior peduncles bring sensory information about the actual position of body parts such as limbs and joints.", "A few enter via the superior cerebellar peduncle. Afferent fibers are far more numerous that efferent fibers by a ratio of 40:1 (3). The cortico-ponto-cerebellar pathway, composed of the corticopontine tract and the pontocerebellar tract, is major afferent fibers through the middle" ], "url": [ "http://radiopaedia.org/articles/cerebral-peduncles", "http://neuroscience.uth.tmc.edu/s3/chapter05.html", "http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/cerebral+peduncle", "http://www.asnr.org/neurographics/projects/ForReviewers/Moritani_Cereb_Peduncle/cereb_peduncle.doc", "http://www.innerbody.com/image_nerv02/nerv62-new.html", "http://www.asnr.org/neurographics/projects/ForReviewers/Moritani_Cereb_Peduncle/cereb_peduncle.doc" ] }

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[ "Galapagos Islands, far out in the Pacific Ocean, to the Pacific coast, to the snow-capped Andes Mountains and volcano alley, to the world's largest rainforest, the Amazon basin, Ecuador's natural beauty, diverse population, and fascinating history make it an incredible travel destination.Ecuador has it all." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "The Galapagos Galápagos islands and their surrounding waters form The Galapagos galápagos Province, of Ecuador The Galapagos, galápagos national Park And The. Galapagos galápagos marine reserve the principal language On. The islands is spanish the islands have a 25,000. of slightly over 25000 The Galapagos Galápagos islands first appeared on the, maps Of Gerardus mercator And Abraham, ortelius in about. 1570 the islands were Named insulae de Los (Galopegos islands of The) tortoises in reference to the giant tortoises found. there", "The Galapagos Galápagos & Islands. Ecuador ecuador puts new meaning behind the, “saying good things come in small.” Packages in terms of, flora fauna and opportunities for viewing unique local, wildlife This South american country runs the. gamut In Quito, Cotopaxi, and the Andes are amazing, and in Galapagos we saw erupting volcanoes, solid lava flows, beautiful islands, and turquoise waters. In Quito, the culture is extraordinary. It's also a great place to practice Spanish. In the market Otavalo, you can get something priced 25 dollars for only 12!", "The Galapagos Galápagos & Islands. Ecuador ecuador puts new meaning behind the, “saying good things come in small.” Packages in terms of, flora fauna and opportunities for viewing unique local, wildlife This South american country runs the. Gamut journey To quito for a taste Of ecuadorean culture And spanish colonial. history In Quito, Cotopaxi, and the Andes are amazing, and in Galapagos we saw erupting volcanoes, solid lava flows, beautiful islands, and turquoise waters. In Quito, the culture is extraordinary. It's also a great place to practice Spanish. In the market Otavalo, you can get something priced 25 dollars for only 12!", "The scenery in both Quito and Galapagos is absolutely stunning. In Quito, Cotopaxi, and the Andes are amazing, and in Galapagos we saw erupting volcanoes, solid lava flows, beautiful islands, and turquoise waters. In Quito, the culture is extraordinary. It's also a great place to practice Spanish. In the market Otavalo, you can get something priced 25 dollars for only 12!", "The Galapagos Galápagos islands and their surrounding waters form The Galapagos galápagos Province, of Ecuador The Galapagos, galápagos national Park And The. galapagos galápagos marine reserve The Galapagos Galápagos islands first appeared on the, maps Of Gerardus mercator And Abraham, ortelius in about. 1570 the islands were Named insulae de Los (Galopegos islands of The) tortoises in reference to the giant tortoises found. there", "The Galapagos Archipelago is also a province of Ecuador, whose capital is Puerto Baquerizo Moreno, on the island of San Cristobal. Puerto Ayora, on the island of Santa Cruz, is the city with the highest tourist activity. The islands total population including floating population is around 16,109 inhabitants. In 1892, the Galapagos are given their official name of Archipielago archipiélago De, colon colón reason for which some isles have at least two. Different names During The Second, world WAR the us leased the Islands from ecuador for the duration of the war and built a military Base in baltra where they remained. until 1948", "We invite you to explore our pre-designed Ecuador and Galapagos Holiday Adventures vacation packages and select your favorite. For a custom-designed one-of-a-kind vacation program call us, toll free: 888.601.8411, send us an Email, or fill the blanks in our Ecuador and Galapagos Islands Vacation Planner. Your next Ecuador and Galapagos Holiday Adventure awaits and we’ve made it simple for you: Choose the Galapagos vacation program that better suits your interests, likes, wants, and budget. Either way, a cruise or a hotel-based experiential journey in the Galapagos Islands will be a once-in-a-lifetime experience!", "Geography. The Galapagos Archipelago is located on both sides of the equatorial line approximately 970 km (600 miles) west from continental Ecuador. Local time is -6 GMT. It is formed by thirteen greater islands, six smaller islands, 42 islets and several rocks, which cover a total area of 7,850 km². In 1892, the Galapagos are given their official name of Archipielago archipiélago De, colon colón reason for which some isles have at least two. Different names During The Second, world WAR the us leased the Islands from ecuador for the duration of the war and built a military Base in baltra where they remained. until 1948", "From the Galapagos Islands, far out in the Pacific Ocean, to the Pacific coast, to the snow-capped Andes Mountains and volcano alley, to the world's largest rainforest, the Amazon basin, Ecuador's natural beauty, diverse population, and fascinating history make it an incredible travel destination. Ecuador has it all! Ecuador has it all! We invite you to join us in Ecuador and discover for yourself all the amazing opportunities Ecuador has to offer. Important things not to miss on your trip to Ecuador: Learn Spanish or Quichua, the language of Ecuador's largest indigenous group.", "Galapagos Islands-A Unique UNESCO World Biosphere Reserve. The beautiful, mysterious Galapagos Islands are situated a mere 600 miles west of the Ecuadorian Coast. The island group was declared a World Heritage Site in 1978 and subsequently a World Biosphere Reserve in 1985 by UNESCO. The Galapagos Islands flourish with a wide variety of amazing animals and different species. The Galapagos Islands originated from lava eruptions that came from the bottom of the ocean and rose as much as 2600 feet above sea level. Some of the younger islands still have active volcanoes." ], "url": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gal%C3%A1pagos_Islands", "http://www.goaheadtours.com/ecu/the-galapagos-islands-ecuador", "http://www.goaheadtours.com/ecu/the-galapagos-islands-ecuador", "http://www.goaheadtours.com/ecu/the-galapagos-islands-ecuador", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gal%C3%A1pagos_Islands", "http://galapagos-ecuador.com/galapagos-islands.html", "http://galapagosholidayadventures.com/", "http://galapagos-ecuador.com/galapagos-islands.html", "http://www.galapagosislands.com/ecuador-tours/ecuador-extention-tours.html", "http://www.ecuador.com/galapagos-islands/" ] }

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[ "The Arabic word illa is a negative word corresponding to the English except, only and but." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "The goal of this article is to make clear the correct meaning of “La ilaha illa Allah” so that the Muslim knows the meaning of the word of Tawheed, to abide by it and call others to it. - Al-Qurtubi (d. 671 H.) : His saying-Exalted be He-: {La ilaha illa Huwa} is negation and affirmation. Its first part is kufr (disbelief, saying La Ilaha only) and its last part is Iman. (belief, by completing the whole statement), and its meaning is 'none is worshiped except Allah'. (16).", "Origin of-ILLA. New Latin, alteration of Latin-ella. This word doesn't usually appear in our free dictionary, but the definition from our premium Unabridged Dictionary is offered here on a limited basis. Note that some information is displayed differently in the Unabridged. To access the complete Unabridged Dictionary, with an additional 300,000 words that aren't in our free dictionary, start a free trial", "Illa /il-la/ [2 sylls.] as a girls' name. Illa's root is Hebrew, and the meaning of Illa is tree. Illa is a version of Ilana (Hebrew). Illi is a common surname. Illa has 11 different forms via Ilana: Elana, Elanit, Eleana, Eleanna, Ilane, Ilania, Ilanit, Ileana, Ileanna, Iliana and Ilianna. Illa is a somewhat prominent first name for women (#3806 out of 4276, Top 89%) and an even more prominent surname for both adults and children (#65862 out of 150436, Top 44%). (2000 U.S. Census). Below is a charted analysis of the usage of the girl name Illa and corresponding names", "L'illa Diagonal, history of the shopping mall of Barcelona Diagonal. Due to its size, the complex of L'illa Diagonal was known at first as the Superblock: the extent of the area occupied and the impact on the city resulting from the construction of the complex, required an international consultation for ideas. The works began in 1990 and the existing buildings were demolished; on 1 December 1993 the complex was officially opened. L'illa Diagonal complex was the first of the half dozen office and commercial centres to be opened in Barcelona in the nineties. On November 2006 L'illa Diagonal enlarges its commercial area in 4.000m2 with 17 new shops and a new hotel with 308 rooms. Furthermore, this enlargement has enabled to open a new pedestrian entrance to the building through Deu i Mata street", "The 2012 ILLA Conference should be a relaxing and rejuvenating experience as we prepare to make a difference in the lives of those with whom we interact. The conference fee is $50 and will include 2 dinners, 2 breakfasts and one lunch. Dear friends, There is only one more week until the 2012 Idaho lifelong learning conference begins. Terry Yackley just completed the finalschedule for the conference (what a yeoman’s effort). There are many great presentations planned for this year’s conference, and I am excited to learnfrom my colleagues once again.", "The Arabic word illa is a negative word corresponding to the English except, only and but [1] . It is an often reacurring phrase in the Qur'an, often used to give strength to statements by first negating all possibilities, and then referring to a subject. For example, in the Islamic Creed (Arabic: Shahadah ‎): Arabic text: أشهد أن لا إله إلاَّ لله ، وأشهد أن محمد رسول الل", "Illa is a karma vendor at Skarti's Steading in Hoelbrak who sells tier 1 Norn cultural weapons for 9,800. The weapons have a required level of 40. ", "- It is the Word of Tawheed and Sincerity (Ikhlas) , which all the prophets have called to, from Adam to our Prophet Muhammad [Sallallahu Alayhi wa Sallam] , Allah Most High said-translation of the meaning-: {And We have sent not a messenger before you but We reveal to him La ilaha illa Ana so worship Me} [21: 25]. - Al-Qurtubi (d. 671 H.) : His saying-Exalted be He-: {La ilaha illa Huwa} is negation and affirmation. Its first part is kufr (disbelief, saying La Ilaha only) and its last part is Iman. (belief, by completing the whole statement), and its meaning is 'none is worshiped except Allah'. (16)." ], "url": [ "http://www.as-salaf.com/article.php?aid=53&lang=en", "http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/-illa", "http://www.thinkbabynames.com/meaning/0/Illa", "http://www.lilla.com/en/lilla/what-is-lilla-diagonal", "https://idlla.wordpress.com/", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illa_(Arabic)", "http://wiki.guildwars2.com/wiki/Illa", "http://www.as-salaf.com/article.php?aid=53&lang=en" ] }

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[ "The health,weight loss, hair growth,reduction of hair loss and body because of its high quantity of antioxidants", "Good for both the heart and respiratory system. Jalapeno peppers contain a compound known as ‘capsaicin’. Capsaicin is the compound that gives jalapeno peppers its distinctive hot flavor." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Jalapenos are excellent sources of vitamins A and C, and folate. These peppers are extremely hot and spicy because of capsaicin, a chemical that is known to give it this fiery flavor. Extremely good for the health, jalapeno peppers are also known for inducing weight loss. The jalapeno pepper has many health benefits because of its many healthy components. Not only is it great for hair growth and reduction of hair loss, it is also good for the body because of its high quantity of antioxidants. Antioxidants help reduce the free radicals that damage cells.", "Jalapeno peppers are more than a zesty bite of heat sitting on top of your taco or enchilada -- they are a small but potent nutritional powerhouse, providing a variety of essential vitamins and minerals in each serving. Jalapeno peppers are low-fat, low-calorie and contain no cholesterol or saturated fat. Every serving of jalapeno pepper is rich in a chemical compound that may help decrease the risk of medical problems ranging from chronic sinus infections to certain types of cancer. Capsaicin. Capsaicin is a chemical compound found in all hot peppers. It activates pain receptors in the mouth and produces the spicy heat associated with eating jalapeno peppers.", "Jalapeno peppers nutrition facts. Jalapeno peppers are one of the favored varieties of chili peppers used in the North American cuisine, especially in the Southern states, where Tex-Mex cuisine is popular. Just as in other chili peppers, jalapenos too originated in the Mexico. Fresh jalapeno peppers are rich source of vitamin-C. Ripe fruits have more of this vitamin than raw greens. 100 g provide about 118.6 µg or about 198% of RDA. Vitamin C is a potent water-soluble antioxidant. It is required for the collagen synthesis within the body.", "Jalapenos rich in capsaicin are also packed with healing properties. If you eat enough jalapenos, you may be able to keep your blood pressure under check. It is also great for cardiac health and can keep your heart fit. Jalapenos are believed to help in weight loss and can prevent the formation of blood clots. The jalapeno pepper has many health benefits because of its many healthy components. Not only is it great for hair growth and reduction of hair loss, it is also good for the body because of its high quantity of antioxidants. Antioxidants help reduce the free radicals that damage cells.", "Jalapenos are a variety of chili pepper. Although small in size at just 2 to 4 inches long, the jalapeno pepper packs a nutritional punch, with notable amounts of two important vitamins. Jalapenos are just one variety of chili pepper, a nightshade vegetable well known for a hot and pungent flavor. These little peppers derive their heat from a natural plant compound called capsaicin, which offers powerful health benefits. They also have less than a gram each of protein and fat and just 0.91 gram of carbohydrates in a serving, making them a good choice for low-carb diets. Like other peppers, jalapenos are a rich source of vitamin C, with almost 17 milligrams in a small pepper. That is equal to 18 percent of the recommended daily allowance for men and 23 percent for women", "Jalapeno peppers are very good for both the heart and respiratory system. Jalapeno peppers contain a compound known as ‘capsaicin’. Capsaicin is the compound that gives jalapeno peppers its distinctive hot flavor. Capsaicin protects the heart in many ways. The jalapeno pepper has many health benefits because of its many healthy components. Not only is it great for hair growth and reduction of hair loss, it is also good for the body because of its high quantity of antioxidants. Antioxidants help reduce the free radicals that damage cells.", "The Health Benefits of Chili Peppers-Especially Jalapeno Peppers! Chili peppers are extremely healthy for you, and should be included in your regular diet. Here's why. Chili Peppers Fight Migraine Headaches and Sinus Headaches. Studies show that chili peppers can provide pain relief for migraine and sinus headaches. Capsaicin, the chemical that makes chili peppers hot, is known to inhibit a key neuropeptide, Substance P, that is the key brain pain transmitter. ", "The amount of iron in a 90-gram serving of jalapeno peppers -- 0.22 milligrams -- supplies 4 percent of the amount of the mineral needed daily for optimum health. Capsaicin. Capsaicin is a chemical compound found in all hot peppers. It activates pain receptors in the mouth and produces the spicy heat associated with eating jalapeno peppers." ], "url": [ "http://www.diethealthclub.com/askquestion/7714/jalapeno-facts-is-jalapeno-fruit-or-vegetable-what.html", "http://healthyeating.sfgate.com/jalapeno-pepper-good-you-2237.html", "http://www.nutrition-and-you.com/jalapeno-peppers.html", "http://www.diethealthclub.com/askquestion/7714/jalapeno-facts-is-jalapeno-fruit-or-vegetable-what.html", "http://healthyeating.sfgate.com/health-benefits-jalapeno-peppers-4880.html", "http://www.diethealthclub.com/askquestion/7714/jalapeno-facts-is-jalapeno-fruit-or-vegetable-what.html", "http://www.jalapenomadness.com/chili-pepper-health-benefits.html", "http://healthyeating.sfgate.com/jalapeno-pepper-good-you-2237.html" ] }

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[ "Yes" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Chemical Peels and Your Skin. Chemical peels can improve the skin 's appearance. In this treatment, a chemical solution is applied to the skin, which makes it blister and eventually peel off. The new skin is usually smoother and less wrinkled than the old skin. Chemical peels can be done on the face, neck, or hands", "Report Abuse. First of all, when you get sunburned DO NOT peel it off. Make sure to put aloe on the burn(s) and let it take effect. Once the aloe has had enough time (I'm talking days here...apply three to four times a day!) to help the burn to heel, you should have a tan within about four to five days. Best Answer: When you peel off the top layer of skin, all you are doing is taking off the top dead layer of dried up skin, due to the sun.", "1 Use skin moisturizer. 2 Because your skin is dry, choose a cream or lotion with aloe to help soothe your skin. 3 Most moisturizers on the market accomplish the task of moisturizing your skin, so find one that feels luxurious rather than irritating. 4 Stay hydrated. 1 Use a cool or cold compress against your skin (press, don't rub). 2 When you shower or bathe, make the water temperature cool. 3 Also, pat yourself dry, don't rub, with the towel. 4 Sometimes, cool water can not only feel good, but will also help to soak away excess flakes. 5 Avoid the temptation to peel or pick at", "1. Hydrate your body. Drink plenty of water to keep your skin hydrated, moisturized, so your skin can adequately work on repairing itself. Sun exposure increases fluid loss and dehydration in skin, so it is important to replenish the lost fluids in your body after a sunburn. ", "Next. I received a really bad sunburn over the Memorial Day weekend, 2 days out in the sun without sunblock (yeah I know I'm stupid). My question is this: after you finished peeling, will the new layer of skin be darker than your natural skintone, or will you effectively peel the tan off, so that you... ", "1 Deep peels penetrate several layers of skin and cause a second-degree burn of the skin. 2 They are used only on the face. 3 A chemical called phenol is usually used for a deep peel. 4 Deep peels may not be used on darker skin types, because they tend to bleach the skin (hypopigmentation). Recovery time after a chemical peel depends on what kind of peel was done and how deep it was. With all types of peels, proper care of the skin after the peel is very important to speed healing, help results last longer, prevent infection, and avoid color changes in the treated area caused by sun exposure.", "Once you get out of the shower and dry your skin, apply a moisturizing lotion. Look for a moisturizer that is specifically designed to work on sunburn or peeling skin. Generally, the lotion should contain aloe vera, which will cool your skin, reduce inflammation and slow the peeling. At all costs, you should avoid scratching your skin when it's peeling. You can actually do permanent damage to your skin in the form of scars. If you get the urge to scratch, the best thing to do is to use ice to dull the sensation.", "1 Because your skin is dry, choose a cream or lotion with aloe to help soothe your skin. 2 Most moisturizers on the market accomplish the task of moisturizing your skin, so find one that feels luxurious rather than irritating. 3 Stay hydrated. 1 Use a cool or cold compress against your skin (press, don't rub). 2 When you shower or bathe, make the water temperature cool. 3 Also, pat yourself dry, don't rub, with the towel. 4 Sometimes, cool water can not only feel good, but will also help to soak away excess flakes. 5 Avoid the temptation to peel or pick at", "When skin is exposed to UV rays, skin cells in the outermost layer of skin are damaged, and die. Damaged DNA cells also die so as to prevent the formation of cancerous cells(known as apoptosis). The tanned skin peels off after a few days. On the one hand, skin peels to remove dead skin cells from the body. On the other, immature skin cells take over in the epidermis to make up for the skin that has been peeled off. When new, mature skin cells take over, they produce ceramide to retain moisture.", "Relevance. Rating Newest Oldest. Best Answer: When you peel off the top layer of skin, all you are doing is taking off the top dead layer of dried up skin, due to the sun. The skin underneath will still be very burnt, but it will tan.....usually takes about 4-5 days to start tanning after a burn" ], "url": [ "http://www.webmd.com/beauty/peels/cosmetic-procedures-chemical-peel-treatments", "https://uk.answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20060701124512AAfFV7y", "http://goaskalice.columbia.edu/answered-questions/peeling-skin-after-using-tanning-bed", "http://www.wikihow.com/Prevent-Skin-Peeling-After-Sunburn", "https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20080529124904AAONutG", "http://www.webmd.com/beauty/peels/chemical-peel", "http://www.sheknows.com/beauty-and-style/articles/804520/dealing-with-sunburned-peeling-skin", "http://goaskalice.columbia.edu/answered-questions/peeling-skin-after-using-tanning-bed", "http://www.kao.com/sg/binkanhada/uv_01_02.html", "https://uk.answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20060701124512AAfFV7y" ] }

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[ "Anaerobic A-Lactic (ATP-CP) Energy System" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1 ], "passage_text": [ "Aerobic Capacity. Your performance during any type of endurance event is directly related to your aerobic capacity. An endurance event is one that utilizes aerobic energy as the major energy source; this can be any event from a 2 mile run to an ultramarthon or ironman triathlon. Additionally, the anaerobic system does not produce energy as efficiently as the aerobic system. Aerobic energy is the energy that your body produces when the oxygen supply matches the energy requirements. This form of energy is produced utilizing glycogen and fat.", "Anaerobic Alactic Energy The 'First 10 Seconds' Energy The anaerobic alactic system is the one referred to as the stored or start up energy system. This system provides the majority of energy when our athletes do bursts of high speed or high resistance movements lasting up to 10 seconds. The stores of energy in the muscle which are used up in the intense burst of activity return to normal levels within 2 - 3 minutes of rest. ● Aerobic System The muscle energy system which requires oxygen. ● Anaerobic Alactic System The stored, start up system which does not require oxygen and does not produce lactic acid. ● Anaerobic Lactic System The system which does not require oxygen but produces", "The Endurance Energy System The aerobic system requires oxygen. This system is used in lower intensity exercise and is the basic system which provides the energy for most human activity from birth to death. As such it is also important in recovery from exercise of all intensities. ● Aerobic System The muscle energy system which requires oxygen. ● Anaerobic Alactic System The stored, start up system which does not require oxygen and does not produce lactic acid. ● Anaerobic Lactic System The system which does not require oxygen but produces", "During exercise, your body relies on three basic energy systems: the anaerobic a-lactic system, the anaerobic lactic system, and the aerobic system. Depending on the sports played, athletes rely on one system more than the others. Anaerobic A-Lactic (ATP-CP) Energy System. Athletes who compete in sports that require high amounts of short duration acceleration-shot-putters, weight lifters, American football linemen, gymnasts, or sprint-distance speed skaters use the anaerobic a-lactic system.", "The aerobic system provides nearly all the energy in an endurance event but much of this energy is unavailable because there is an interaction of the aerobic system with the anaerobic system. Thus, the anaerobic system must also be trained so as to let the body utilize the aerobic energy source to its optimal level. The aerobic system is by far the most important source for energy. The reason why the anaerobic system was introduced first is because it is important to understand the dual role of lactate: an output of the anaerobic system and the most important fuel for the aerobic system.", "3. Aerobic Energy System. In reality, most sports use a variety of energy systems, or at least the power (time to reach peak output) and the capacity (duration that peak output can be sustained) of the system. The only real exceptions are Olympic weight lifting and certain field events, such as hammer or shot put. Anaerobic A-Lactic (ATP-CP) Energy System. Athletes who compete in sports that require high amounts of short duration acceleration-shot-putters, weight lifters, American football linemen, gymnasts, or sprint-distance speed skaters use the anaerobic a-lactic system.", "The athlete's body is capable of using one or any combination of the three energy systems. Different events demand different types and amounts of muscle activity. Consequently, different energy systems predominate in the various events. ● Aerobic System The muscle energy system which requires oxygen. ● Anaerobic Alactic System The stored, start up system which does not require oxygen and does not produce lactic acid. ● Anaerobic Lactic System The system which does not require oxygen but produces", "Aerobic Energy. The answer to the question above is that the aerobic system provides nearly all the energy during an endurance event and the stronger it is for each discipline in the triathlon, the faster a triathlete or any endurance athlete will be during a race. The aerobic system is by far the most important source for energy. The reason why the anaerobic system was introduced first is because it is important to understand the dual role of lactate: an output of the anaerobic system and the most important fuel for the aerobic system.", "1. Anaerobic A-Lactic (ATP-CP) Energy System. Athletes who compete in sports that require high amounts of short duration acceleration-shot-putters, weight lifters, American football linemen, gymnasts, or sprint-distance speed skaters use the anaerobic a-lactic system." ], "url": [ "http://endurancedoc.com/Training/Training_aerobic_training.htm", "http://www.coachr.org/energy_systems.htm", "http://www.coachr.org/energy_systems.htm", "http://www.bodybuilding.com/fun/3-energy-systems-help-trainer.htm", "http://lactate.com/triathlon/lactate_triathlon_aerobic_energy.html", "http://www.bodybuilding.com/fun/3-energy-systems-help-trainer.htm", "http://www.coachr.org/energy_systems.htm", "http://lactate.com/triathlon/lactate_triathlon_aerobic_energy.html", "http://www.bodybuilding.com/fun/3-energy-systems-help-trainer.htm" ] }

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{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Parents. Put books and learning at the heart of your family's future. Browse our shop for hundreds of books and home-learning ideas that will inspire a lifelong love of reading in your child. Get children reading and earn free books for your school with our Book Clubs and Book Fairs. Inspire learning with our educational resources or give children the chance to be authors with We Are Writers.", "1 Cahokia Mounds – U.S. World Heritage Sites This website, administered by the National Park Service, is another place to stop for a quick run-down of the importance of the Cahokia Mounds. 2 There are great pictures, a map, and links to more information. Whether you’re a student, historian, or tourist, we hope you enjoy these 10 great resources about the Cahokia park, culture, and history. 1 Cahokia Mounds State Historic Site is the official web page of the state park.", "NEWS. A 700-year-old canoe discovered on a sandbar in Arkansas and painstakingly restored at Cahokia Mounds State Historic Site is the centerpiece of a new permanent exhibit opening Sunday at the site. New Cahokia Mounds Exhibit Features 700-Year-Old Canoe. A 700-year-old canoe discovered on a sandbar in Arkansas and painstakingly restored at Cahokia Mounds State Historic Site is the centerpiece of a new permanent exhibit opening Sunday at the site.", "Cahokia Mounds is now a state park in Collinsville, Illinois, but a thousand years ago it was a bustling city with 10,000-20,000 inhabitants, larger than any other contemporary European city. Whether you’re a student, historian, or tourist, we hope you enjoy these 10 great resources about the Cahokia park, culture, and history. 1 Cahokia Mounds State Historic Site is the official web page of the state park.", "The remains of the most sophisticated prehistoric native civilization north of Mexico are preserved at Cahokia Mounds State Historic Site. ", "Almost a thousand years ago, American Indians built a city along the Mississippi River in the middle of North America. Located opposite modern-day St. Louis, Missouri, this city is called Cahokia by archaeologists, and it was as large in its day as New York and Philadelphia before the mid-1700s. But Cahokia and its hinterlands continued to shrink. By 1200, the population of the city had probably fallen to less than 5,000 people; by 1250, that figure was probably no more than 2,000. In the countryside, many thousands of farmers had already left. No more than a few thousand remained by 1250.", "We’ve created this resource to compile the best resources on Cahokia Mounds available on the web. Whether you’re a student, historian, or tourist, we hope you enjoy these 10 great resources about the Cahokia park, culture, and history. 1 Cahokia Mounds State Historic Site is the official web page of the state park.", "Below you will find directions for administering the tests. Then turn to pages 20–23 for information on scoring the tests, and using the results. Directions for Administering Tests The Diagnostic Placement Test is designed to be administered to a group of students, in eitherone or more sittings. (10 Questions) Comprehension The last part of the test assesses children’s comprehension of reading selec-tions, both fiction and nonfiction. Children respond to comprehension questions based onfundamental grade-level skills. (15 Questions)All questions on the Diagnostic Placement Test are in multiple-choice format.", "Scholastic, the largest children’s book publisher, promotes literacy with books for kids of all ages and reading levels. " ], "url": [ "https://www.scholastic.co.uk/", "http://www.studentguide.org/cahokia-mounds-resources/", "http://cahokiamounds.org/", "http://www.studentguide.org/cahokia-mounds-resources/", "http://cahokiamounds.org/learn/", "http://www.gilderlehrman.org/history-by-era/american-indians/essays/cahokia-pre-columbian-american-city", "http://www.studentguide.org/cahokia-mounds-resources/", "http://knights3rd.wikispaces.com/file/view/3rd+Grade+Reading+Placement+Tests.pdf", "http://www.scholastic.com/home/" ] }

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[ "Erma Franklin", "Janis Joplin" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "This Site Might Help You. RE: Who sings the song "Take Another little piece of my heart"? I always thought it was Janis Joplin but.... Who sings the song "Take Another little piece of my heart"? I always thought it was Janis Joplin but I can't find any info associating it with her whatsoever. Who sings the song Take Another little piece of my heart? I always thought it was Janis Joplin but I can't find any info associating it with her whatsoever.", "Piece of My Heart is a romantic love song written by Jerry Ragovoy and Bert Berns and originally recorded by Erma Franklin in 1967. The song has since been remade by several singers, including hit versions by Faith Hill in 1994 and Melissa Etheridge in 2005. In 2004, the Big Brother and the Holding Company version of this song was ranked Number 353 on Rolling Stone' s list of the 500 Greatest Songs of All Time.", "This song is a cover of Piece Of My Heart by Erma Franklin. This song is available as a downloadable track for the video games Rock Band, Rock Band 2, Rock Band 3, Rock Band 4 and Rock Band Blitz. Janis Joplin This song is performed by Janis Joplin and appears on the album Cheap Thrills (1968) .", "Piece Of My Heart is track #5 on the album Hits. It was written by Acosta, John/james Russell. Piece Of My Heart is track #5 on the album Hits. It was written by Acosta, John/james Russell. Break another little piece of my heart now baby. 'Cause you know you got it, if it makes you feel good, so good. Each time I tell myself that I can't stand the pain. You hold me in your arms and I start singin' once again.", "Piece of My Heart is a song written by Jerry Ragovoy and Bert Berns and originally recorded by Erma Franklin in 1967. The song came to mainstream attention when Janis Joplin and Big Brother and the Holding Company performed the song in 1968 on their album Cheap Thrills. ", "The song came to greater mainstream attention when Big Brother and the Holding Company (featuring Janis Joplin on lead vocals) covered the song in 1968 and had a much bigger hit with it. The song has since been remade by several singers, including hit versions by Faith Hill in 1994 and Melissa Etheridge in 2005. In 2004, the Big Brother and the Holding Company version of this song was ranked Number 353 on Rolling Stone' s list of the 500 Greatest Songs of All Time. The song is also included among The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame's 500 Songs that Shaped Rock and Roll" ], "url": [ "https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=1006051118653", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piece_of_My_Heart", "http://lyrics.wikia.com/wiki/Janis_Joplin:Piece_Of_My_Heart", "http://www.metrolyrics.com/piece-of-my-heart-lyrics-faith-hill.html", "http://www.dailymotion.com/video/x19aeu_janis-joplin-piece-of-my-heart_music", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piece_of_My_Heart" ] }

[]

[ "Between $296,275 – $360,000." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "An average hourly wage for a radiation oncologist is around £58.5 per hour. Based on years of experience, the radiation oncologist’s salary is as follows: one with more than 3 years of work experience earns around more than £232,050 per year, which can gradually increase from between £250,250 and £301,140 per year. According to the United States Bureau of Labor Statistics, an average hourly wage for a radiation oncologist has been around $52.44 per hour and an average annual salary is around $339,738 per year. 1 Share on Facebook. 2 Share on Twitte", "The average annual income for a radiation oncologist in the United States ranges from between $242,900 to $518,991 per year. According to the Allied Physicians survey, it has been reported that the average income for radiation oncologist’s increases over time. According to the United States Bureau of Labor Statistics, an average hourly wage for a radiation oncologist has been around $52.44 per hour and an average annual salary is around $339,738 per year. 1 Share on Facebook. 2 Share on Twitter", "However, their salaries are usually grouped with those of other hematologist-oncologists in industry surveys. One exception is the annual salary survey performed by the Medical Group Management Association. In its 2011 survey, the MGMA reported an average salary of $477,807 per year for radiation oncologists. By contrast, medical staffing agency Jackson & Coker reports an average salary of $367,978 for oncologists as a group. Industry studies can reveal a number of factors aside from basic salary data. Other Specialties. Radiation oncologists also fare well in comparison to many other medical specialties. The MGMA survey placed them 20th among its highest-paid specialties in the 2011 survey. Some cardiology sub-specialties paid a higher average salary, such as electrophysiology at $601,111 per year.", "Oncologist Salary. The median oncologist salary is reported to be $266,000 per year. But how much they actually earn is dependent on many different factors. Factors such as geographical location, type of establishment, size of establishment and number of years of experience all play a part in determining their salary. Oncologist in Canada earn a median salary of about CA$42,000 to CA$240,000. How much you earn depends on years of experience and place of work. The average Oncologist salary in the United Kingdom (UK) is about £60", "An average starting annual salary for a radiation oncologist in the United States is around $189,000 per year, which gradually increases to about $256,000 per annum overtime. An average annual salary bonus of around $ 22,500 will be included and the total annual salary ranges from between $296,275 – $360,000. According to the United States Bureau of Labor Statistics, an average hourly wage for a radiation oncologist has been around $52.44 per hour and an average annual salary is around $339,738 per year. 1 Share on Facebook. 2 Share on Twitter", "According to the BLS, radiation therapists get a median salary of around $66,170 per year. Professionals who work in outpatient centers can earn much higher. However, the average salary of hospital-employed radiation therapist is less, averaging around $63,500 per year. Lowest income of radiation therapist is estimated around $51,720 per year. Top 10 percent therapists make more than $113,810 per year. So, the total salary of a radiation therapist in the US is around $84,558 per year. You are eligible for getting $51,210 during the beginning of your career. Average salary of a well-established professional is around $94,08", "The lowest 10th percentile earns a salary of about $165,000 and the highest 10th percentile earns about $412,000 on average per year. The middle 50% of people employed in this field earns about anywhere from $210,000 to $345,000. Oncologist in Canada earn a median salary of about CA$42,000 to CA$240,000. How much you earn depends on years of experience and place of work. The average Oncologist salary in the United Kingdom (UK) is about £60,000 per year.", "Radiation oncologist salary. There are several factors which affect the salary rate of radiation oncologists. These include work experience, work place, level of educational attainment, and location, among others. In the U.S, their average annual salary range is between USD 242,900 and 518,991. This is expected to increase with time. On the average, the starting salary of a radiation oncologist is roughly USD 201,000. After three years of practice, this can reach up to USD 354,000.", "Oncologist salary in USA. An Oncologist’s annual salary averages from between $200,000 and $335,000 and the highest paid oncologists receive about $685,000 per annum. Based on percentiles, the median salary for 90th percentile of oncologists has been around $414,305 per year. In the U.S, their average annual salary range is between USD 242,900 and 518,991. This is expected to increase with time. On the average, the starting salary of a radiation oncologist is roughly USD 201,000. After three years of practice, this can reach up to USD 354,000." ], "url": [ "http://www.healthcare-salaries.com/physicians/radiation-oncologist-salary", "http://www.healthcare-salaries.com/physicians/radiation-oncologist-salary", "http://work.chron.com/much-money-radiation-oncologist-make-annually-3203.html", "http://www.healthcareworkersalary.com/physicians/oncologist-salary/", "http://www.healthcare-salaries.com/physicians/radiation-oncologist-salary", "http://www.healthassistancepartnership.org/radiation-therapist-salary/", "http://www.healthcareworkersalary.com/physicians/oncologist-salary/", "http://www.healthcare-salaries.com/physicians/oncologist-salary", "http://www.healthcare-salaries.com/physicians/oncologist-salary" ] }

[]

[ "Arabian Sea is in Indian Ocean. Most of the trade between east and west is done through Indian Ocean. Pakistan through Arabian Sea is linked with the Muslims Countries of Persian Gulf." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "The Arabian Sea is a region of the northern Indian Ocean bounded on the north by Pakistan and Iran, on the west by northeastern Somalia and the Arabian Peninsula, and on the east by India. Arabian Sea from space. The Arabian Sea's surface area is about 3,862,000 km 2 (1,491,130 sq mi). The maximum width of the Sea is approximately 2,400 km (1,490 mi), and its maximum depth is 4,652 metres (15,262 ft).", "Gwadar is located on the shores of the Arabian Sea it is in Pakistan's western province of Balochistan. It is about 533 km from Karachi and 120 km from the Iranian border and 380 km (240 mi) km northeast of the nearest point in Oman across the Arabian Sea. Gwadar Port is a warm-water, deep-sea port situated on the Arabian Sea at Gwadar in Balochistan province of Pakistan. The port is a major destination in the China–Pakistan Economic Corridor.", "Confidence votes 15. Arabian Sea is in Indian Ocean. Most of the trade between east and west is done through Indian Ocean. Pakistan through Arabian Sea is linked with the Muslims Countries of Persian Gulf. All of them are rich in oil. In Karachi Bin Qasim and Gwader are important seaports of Pakistan.", "Kochi (colonial name Cochin) is a vibrant city situated on the south-west coast of the Indian peninsula in the breathtakingly scenic and prosperous state of Kerala, hailed as ' God's Own Country '. Its strategic importance over the centuries is underlined by the sobriquet Queen of the Arabian Sea. ", "The Strait of Hormuz is a strategically important strait or narrow strip of water that links the Persian Gulf with the Arabian Sea and the Gulf of Oman (map). The strait is only 21 to 60 miles (33 to 95 km) wide throughout its length. ", "The biggest river flowing into the Sea is the Indus River. The Arabian Sea has two important branches — the Gulf of Aden in the southwest, connecting with the Red Sea through the strait of Bab-el-Mandeb; and the Gulf of Oman to the northwest, connecting with the Persian Gulf. There are also the gulfs of Khambhat and Kutch on the Indian coast. Arabian Sea from space. The Arabian Sea's surface area is about 3,862,000 km 2 (1,491,130 sq mi). The maximum width of the Sea is approximately 2,400 km (1,490 mi), and its maximum depth is 4,652 metres (15,262 ft).", "For the river in Sudan, see Bahr al-Arab. The Arabian Sea is a region of the northern Indian Ocean bounded on the north by Pakistan and Iran, on the west by northeastern Somalia and the Arabian Peninsula, and on the east by India. An ancient name was the Erythraean Sea and Persian Sea. Arabian Sea from space. The Arabian Sea's surface area is about 3,862,000 km 2 (1,491,130 sq mi). The maximum width of the Sea is approximately 2,400 km (1,490 mi), and its maximum depth is 4,652 metres (15,262 ft).", "The Caspian Sea is a landlocked body of water between Europe and Asia. Five countries — Russia, Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, Iran and Azerbaijan — border the inland sea. The Caspian's strategic importance lies in its abundance of energy resources. The sea contains large volumes of oil and natural gas reserves both in offshore deposits and in onshore fields in the immediate region. " ], "url": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabian_Sea", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gwadar_Port", "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_is_the_importance_of_Arabian_Sea_for_Pakistan_from_strategic_n_economical_view", "http://www.cochin.org/", "http://geography.about.com/od/politicalgeography/a/Strait-Of-Hormuz.htm", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabian_Sea", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabian_Sea", "https://www.stratfor.com/video/strategic-importance-caspian-sea" ] }

[]

[ "$2.51 - $3.17 per square foot" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "There are some options when it comes to finishing a basement, and they all come with a cost. If you choose a basic do-it-yourself makeover, including adding moisture control, framing in walls and adding decor and furnishings, your cost will run between $10,000 and $27,000. A basement finishing system is another option, running $45,000 to $55,000. These out-of-the-box systems include everything from moisture-proof, insulated wall panels to ceilings to lighting.", "The cost of a basement is between 10 and 35 dollars per square feet. Let's say an average basement is 1,000 square feet of finished space. So the cost of a basement is between $10,000 and $35,000. 10k if you're doing most of the work yourself and up to $35,000 if you're hiring a contractor to finish your basement. Now. I’m not sure how much the water guard system will cost, not familiar with that system. But a 460 square foot finished basement, if you did most of the work yourself, should cost between 4,600 and 7,000. That’s if you do the framing, permits, electrical, plumbing, trim and doors, hire out the drywall.", "Turn your unfinished basement into beautiful, functional living space. Framing basement walls and ceilings is the core of any basement finishing project. Learn how to insulate and frame the walls and ceilings, build soffits, frame partition walls and frame around obstructions.", "What is the cost? If a typical foundation would be approximately 4 feet high, and a typical basement is 8 feet high how much more would it cost? Excavating for a crawl space foundation: If the ground is flat, for instance, an excavator would dig about 2 to 2 1/2 feet of depth. Footings: Cost for footings should be the same for a crawlspace or basement based on an average load bearing of the soil at 2000 psf (pounds per square foot). Walls: 4 foot high for crawlspace and 8 foot high for a basement.", "What is the going rate in the midwest (chicago area) for framing out a basement. i'm talking just studs, top/bottom plates, fire baffles, and door openings. about 1600 square feet, total of 300 feet of wall, 8 door openings and about 25 wall turns (inside, outside, perpendicular walls). ", "Our free calculator uses recent, trusted data to estimate costs for your Basement Wall Framing project. For a basic 125 square feet project in zip code 47474, the benchmark cost to Frame Basement Walls ranges between $2.51 - $3.17 per square foot* . To estimate costs for your project: 1. Set Project Zip Code Enter the Zip Code for the location where labor is hired and materials purchased", "1 Adding a basement to an existing house can cost $30,000-$70,000 or more, depending on the size of the existing crawlspace or half-basement or if the house is on a slab foundation, and how much of the work is do-it-yourself and how much is done by contractors. 1 A finished basement typically includes all of that plus flooring, walls, ceilings, drywall, windows, and additional waterproofing and more in order to provide the desired living space. 2 Overall, a basement adds about 3-4 weeks to the new-house construction schedule.", "1 A lot depends on how much is included and the quality of the final project. 2 Finishing a basement in a relatively new home can start around $20 -$35 a square foot, or $30,000 -$70,000 for 1,500-2,000 square feet -- but it can cost $100,000 or more to create a fully-finished space. 1", "Expect this type of basement to cost more at least $65,000. A basement finishing system is another option, running $45,000 to $55,000. These out-of-the-box systems include everything from moisture-proof, insulated wall panels to ceilings to lighting." ], "url": [ "http://www.hgtv.com/remodel/interior-remodel/basement-finishing-costs", "http://www.ifinishedmybasement.com/getting-started/cost-of-a-basement/", "http://www.familyhandyman.com/basement/how-to-finish-a-basement-framing-and-insulating/view-all", "http://buildblock.com/how-to-build/basements/", "http://ths.gardenweb.com/discussions/2250655/cost-of-straight-framing-out-a-basement", "http://www.homewyse.com/services/cost_to_frame_basement_walls.html", "http://home.costhelper.com/basement.html", "http://home.costhelper.com/basement-remodeling.html", "http://www.hgtv.com/remodel/interior-remodel/basement-finishing-costs" ] }

[]

[ "Is a property, something that is inherited, passed down from previous generations." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "noun. A group celebrates their German heritage. A group celebrates their German heritage. The definition of heritage is the background from which one comes, or any sort of inherited property or goods. 1 An example of heritage is a German ancestry. 2 An example of heritage is money left to a child in his parent's will. ", "Heritage. A person's heritage is made up of the practices and traditions that are passed on from parents to children. Heritage is also about what has been passed on from the family, community and place where people have been raised. For example a person may have grown up in a family of medical professionals or in a proudly Zulu family where the old customs are still followed. This is part of their heritage.", "heritage noun [U]. C2 ​features ​belonging to the ​culture of a ​particular ​society, such as ​traditions, ​languages, or ​buildings, that were ​created in the past and still have ​historical ​importance: These ​monuments are a ​vital ​part of the ​cultural heritage of ​South ​America. More examples. ", "her·i·tage. n. 1. Property that is or can be inherited; an inheritance. 2. Something that is passed down from preceding generations; a tradition. 3. The status acquired by a person through birth; a birthright: a heritage of affluence and social position. 4. 4. something that is reserved for a particular person or group or the outcome of an action, way of life, etc: the sea was their heritage; the heritage of violence. 5. (Law) law any property, esp land, that by law has descended or may descend to an heir. 6. (Judaism) Bible.", "Cultural heritage is the legacy of physical artifacts and intangible attributes of a group or society that are inherited from past generations, maintained in the present and bestowed for the benefit of future generations. ", "First of all, let’s have a look at the meaning of the words. “Heritage” is a property, something that is inherited, passed down from previous generations. In the case of “cultural heritage,” the heritage doesn’t consist of money or property, but of culture, values and traditions. ", "Full Definition of HERITAGE. 1. : property that descends to an heir. 2. a: something transmitted by or acquired from a predecessor: legacy, inheritance b: tradition. 3. See heritage defined for English-language learners. See heritage defined for kids. ADVERTISEMENT. ", "1 History, heritage refers to historical events or processes that have a special meaning in group memory. 2 National heritage site, a site having a value that has been registered by a governmental agency as being of national importance to the history of that nation. 1 Cultural heritage, the legacy of physical artifacts and intangible attributes of a group or society: man-made heritage. 2 World Heritage Site, As a certified by UNESCO. 3 List of destroyed heritage, The strike sites that have been destroyed.", "Heritage may refer to: 1 History, heritage refers to historical events or processes that have a special meaning in group memory. 2 National heritage site, a site having a value that has been registered by a governmental agency as being of national importance to the history of that nation. 1 Cultural heritage, the legacy of physical artifacts and intangible attributes of a group or society: man-made heritage. 2 World Heritage Site, As a certified by UNESCO. 3 List of destroyed heritage, The strike sites that have been destroyed.", "Cultural Heritage is an expression of the ways of living developed by a community and passed on from generation to generation, including customs, practices, places, objects, artistic expressions and values. Cultural Heritage is often expressed as either Intangible or Tangible Cultural Heritage (ICOMOS, 2002). As part of human activity Cultural Heritage produces tangible representations of the value systems, beliefs, traditions and lifestyles. As an essential part of culture as a whole, Cultural Heritage, contains these visible and tangible traces form antiquity to the recent past. Cultural Heritage is a wide concept." ], "url": [ "http://www.yourdictionary.com/heritage", "http://www.sahistory.org.za/topic/defining-culture-heritage-and-identity", "http://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/heritage", "http://www.thefreedictionary.com/heritage", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cultural_heritage", "https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/art-history-basics/beginners-art-history/a/what-is-cultural-heritage", "http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/heritage", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heritage", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heritage", "http://www.cultureindevelopment.nl/Cultural_Heritage/What_is_Cultural_Heritage" ] }

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[ "$600 – $900 " ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Costs vary depending on the provider and the state you’re buying the property in. Legal fees: Approx. $1,500–$3,000, depending on the complexity of the structure. For example, if you’re buying through a company or trust ownership, you could end up paying a lot more.", "Legal Fees. Legal fees will vary by state and by the legal professional you choose. You should factor into your budget such fees when buying a house and they will vary depending on the size and complexity of the purchase. In order to minimise conveyancing and legal costs there are websites available that help you quickly receive and compare conveyancing quotes.", "You will need a lawyer to complete the purchase of your house. Legal fees can vary but on average you should allow for $600 – $900 for legal fees and an additional $200 – $400 for disbursements, which include registering the mortgage, completing a tax certificate, and doing a title search on the property.", "Read on for an estimate of how much you should be able to budget for mortgage fees, legal fees, house surveys, stamp duty and home insurance. We've estimated how much you may have to put aside for additional costs when buying a house, such as mortgage fees, house surveys and legal fees.", "Without considering all the costs it is impossible to produce an accurate budget when buying a home, or whether it's actually viable to re-mortgage an existing property. Typical legal and solicitors fees. When buying a new home the Legal fees will typically include Stamp Duty, Solicitors Fees and Search Fees. These costs normally increase inline with property value and can vary depending on the property location itself. The table below will help you identify some of the most common legal costs.", "Deposit. This is the amount you put towards the cost of the property when you buy your home. On average, you need at least 5% to 20% of the purchase price (for example: £10,000 to £ 40,000 when buying a £200,000 home). Help to Buy and other housing schemes only require a 5% deposit." ], "url": [ "http://www.realestate.com.au/blog/hidden-costs-buying-home/", "http://moneybuddy.com.au/home-loans/costs-of-buying-a-house.html", "http://boomerandecho.com/4-hidden-costs-when-buying-and-selling-your-house/", "http://www.which.co.uk/money/mortgages-and-property/guides/buying-a-house/the-cost-of-buying-a-house/", "https://www.seemoney.co.uk/pages/offshore/expat-mortgages-fees.asp", "https://www.moneyadviceservice.org.uk/en/articles/estimate-your-overall-buying-and-moving-costs" ] }

[]

[ "$35-$55 a linear foot" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "1 Replacing aging, leaking or inadequate ductwork typically costs about $35-$55 a linear foot for labor and materials, or $1,000-$5,000 or more for a single-family home, depending on the length and type of ducts used (sheet metal, fiberduct or round flexible ductwork) and local rates. 1 If the home's layout makes installation particularly challenging, replacing existing ductwork or adding it to a house that never had ducts can cost $5,000-$15,000 or more.", "Air duct cleaning should take about 3 hours and cost between $300 and $500. Q: I'm looking to have my air ducts cleaned but I've seen prices vary from $99 to $800. Companies offering a super low price on air duct cleaning might do more harm and no good. The fact of the matter is this: The average air duct cleaning for most homes costs between $300 and $500, with factors like the size of the home, the number of ducts and their configuration affecting the price.", "Get an INSTANT estimate of the cost to Install Ductwork! Our free calculator uses recent, trusted data to estimate costs for your HVAC Ductwork Installation project. For a basic 60 linear feet project in zip code 47474, the benchmark cost to Install Ductwork ranges between $6.19 - $7.59 per linear foot. To estimate costs for your project: 1", "1 A proper home air duct cleaning costs anywhere from $400-$1,000, depending on the size of the system to be cleaned, the type of services offered, the regional climate and the level of use the ventilation system gets, the type of materials inside the ductwork and the amount of contaminants (dust, mold, etc.). A $99 special turned up hidden costs. $25 for service call, every duct after 10 was $20 per duct. Told them to get out of my house. The man became very vocal and yelled at me all the way back to his truck.", "NEXT STEP. Find out how much your project will cost. Provide a few details about your project and receive competitive quotes from local pros. The average national cost to clean ducts & vents is $333, with most homeowners spending between $238 and $429. This data is based on actual project costs as reported by HomeAdvisor member", "1 DIY materials can cost $100-$2,000 or more, depending on the type of materials and total length. 2 For example, DIYNetwork estimates it takes a weekend and $100-$250 to replace a section of ductwork with flexible ducting and install a return vent, rating the project difficulty at moderate to hard. 1 If the home's layout makes installation particularly challenging, replacing existing ductwork or adding it to a house that never had ducts can cost $5,000-$15,000 or more.", "$10.64. Get an INSTANT estimate of the cost to Install a Duct! Our free calculator uses recent, trusted data to estimate costs for your HVAC Duct Installation project. For a basic 60 linear feet project in zip code 47474, the benchmark cost to Install a Duct ranges between $6.95 - $10.64 per linear foot. To estimate costs for your project: 1.", "1 (Most air conditioning contractors will be aware of permit requirements and will obtain the proper paperwork). 2 For residential projects, permit fees are usually nominal ($10-$100), but can cost more depending on location and the size of the project. 1 If the home's layout makes installation particularly challenging, replacing existing ductwork or adding it to a house that never had ducts can cost $5,000-$15,000 or more.", "Duct Replacement Cost: Size. The size of your home, as well as the amount of stories your home has, will be a big factor in the cost to install ducts and vents. Larger homes need more ductwork, which increases the price.", "What should be included: Additional costs: 1 Poorly designed or inadequately installed ductwork can decrease the efficiency of the heating or cooling system by as much as 40%. 2 HGTV Pro explains duct system design and installation. 1 If the home's layout makes installation particularly challenging, replacing existing ductwork or adding it to a house that never had ducts can cost $5,000-$15,000 or more." ], "url": [ "http://home.costhelper.com/duct.html", "http://articles.courant.com/2013-03-29/business/hc-ls-air-duct-cleaning-20130323_1_duct-mold-equipment", "http://www.homewyse.com/services/cost_to_install_ductwork.html", "http://home.costhelper.com/duct-cleaning.html", "http://www.homeadvisor.com/cost/cleaning-services/clean-ducts-and-vents/", "http://home.costhelper.com/duct.html", "http://www.homewyse.com/services/cost_to_install_duct.html", "http://home.costhelper.com/duct.html", "http://ikesair.com/ductwork-replacement-cost-san-antonio/", "http://home.costhelper.com/duct.html" ] }

[]

[ "Latin word nitrum, Greek Nitron, native soda; and genes, forming. " ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 1 ], "passage_text": [ "History and Uses: Nitrogen was discovered by the Scottish physician Daniel Rutherford in 1772. It is the fifth most abundant element in the universe and makes up about 78% of the earth's atmosphere, which contains an estimated 4,000 trillion tons of the gas.", "01 Apr, 2008 Who discovered 0. Nitrogen is a chemical element with the symbol N and has an atomic number of 7. Nitrogen is a very important element for organisms and in industry. Nitrogen is a very important part of amino acids and nucleic acids (DNA and RNA).", "History of Nitrogen. In 1772, Daniel Rutherford, a chemist and physician, discovered nitrogen in the northern country of Scotland. He removed carbon dioxide and oxygen from air and showed that the residual substance did not support life.", "(L. nitrum, Gr. Nitron, native soda; genes, forming) Nitrogen was discovered by chemist and physician Daniel Rutherford in 1772. He removed oxygen and carbon dioxide from air and showed that the residual gas would not support combustion or living organisms.", "History. From the Latin word nitrum, Greek Nitron, native soda; and genes, forming. Nitrogen was discovered by chemist and physician Daniel Rutherford in 1772. He removed oxygen and carbon dioxide from air and showed that the residual gas would not support combustion or living organisms." ], "url": [ "http://education.jlab.org/itselemental/ele007.html", "http://wanttoknowit.com/who-discovered-nitrogen/", "http://www.buzzle.com/articles/nitrogen-the-element.html", "http://www.radiochemistry.org/periodictable/elements/7.html", "http://periodic.lanl.gov/7.shtml" ] }

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[ "8 to 15 percent moisture." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1 ], "passage_text": [ "Ideally, hay forage should have a moisture concentration between 15 percent and 18 percent during baling. Hay baled at higher moisture levels is subject to heat damage, dry-matter loss, mold spoilage, and hay fires.", "The 25% level is the average moisture in curing hay at which it is dry enough overall to avoid moulding or hot spots that occur with variations in moisture content that are usually at higher average moisture. Large square bales need to be baled at a lower moisture content than small square or round bales.", "Chances are if you baled your hay too wet (over 15% moisture) there is a risk of prolonged heating. Moisture levels above 20 percent allow the respiration process to continue and mould to develop, producing heat. When hay heats beyond 100 F (38 C), browning or carmalization occurs.", "The appropriate moisture level will depend on the type of baler you use. If you have a large hard-core round baler, 15% moisture is optimum. At this moisture level, the bales will keep for an extended period of time. See the chart below for other bale size-moisture contents.", "Some types of grass hay in dry weather conditions or on dry ground will be much too dry when baled as small bales using the 8% to 15% moisture as a guide. Some of this grass hay produces the best quality bales when baled at 24% to 30% moisture.", "The leaves contain most of the protein and nutrition, so if leaves are lost, the hay quality will be very low. Some types of grass hay, in dry weather conditions or on dry ground, will be much too dry when baled as small bales using the eight to 15 percent moisture (the traditional rule of thumb) as a guide. Some of this grass hay produces the best quality bales when baled at 24 to 30 percent moisture. This figure refers to external moisture, not stem moisture (the plant should have little or no stem moisture) and only applies to small bales." ], "url": [ "http://pubs.ext.vt.edu/442/442-106/442-106.html", "http://www.afia.org.au/index.php/fodder-care/hay-factsheets/making-quality-hay/144-guide-to-moisture-content-of-hay", "http://www1.agric.gov.ab.ca/$department/deptdocs.nsf/all/faq9923", "http://www1.agric.gov.ab.ca/$department/deptdocs.nsf/all/faq9757", "http://www.rockymountainrider.com/articles/2009/0809_determining_moisture_in_hay.htm", "http://www.tsln.com/article/20080606/TSLN01/766295741" ] }

[]

[ "$200" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "same day change fees on united airlines cost passengers $ 75 for changes to a ticket that extend beyond 24 hours of the original flight time passengers must pay a $ 150 flight change fee for domestic flights and $ 250 for international ", "for example say you bought non refundable delta domestic flight tickets for $ 650 but your plans changed when you are ready to purchase new flights the fare has increased to $ 700 your credit is $ 650 $ 200 change fee $ 450 so your out of pocket cost to buy the new ticket is $ 700 $ 450 $ 250 make sure to inform delta before departure that you will not be on the flight and request the travel credit if the fare is non refundable as most economy fares are and it s been longer than 24 hours since purchase the fee to change the ticket varies by ticket type from $ 200 for domestic flights to $ 300 $ 450 for international flights", "you can make changes to your flight time within three hours of departure for a $ 50 fee for example if you have a 10 a m flight and would like to leave at 7 a m and there is room on the flight you can change to the earlier flight any time after 4 a m for the $ 50 fee if you change your flight more than three hours before departure the standard rules and fees apply", "for travel outside the united states canada puerto rico and the u s virgin islands the change fee for delta marketed flights is typically $ 200 to $ 500 but can vary based on location and type of fare changes are usually permitted only to the return portion of an international itinerary based on the fare rules you may have to pay a service fee and or a difference in fare for travel within the 50 united states canada puerto rico and the u s virgin islands the fee is $ 200", "delta air lines also charges a $ 200 change fee for paid domestic flights including to the u s virgin islands and puerto rico and up to $ 450 for international flights same day confirmed and standby changes are permitted for delta skymiles medallion elite members but there s a $ 50 fee for silver medallion members american airlines has a whopping $ 200 change fee on paid fares other than full fare refundable tickets for domestic flights and up to $ 450 for international flights same day changes are $ 75 in economy and free for business and first class passengers", "a couple weeks ago i booked a one way domestic flight on delta com for $ 152 a week later my plans changed and i had to go a day earlier unfortunately that meant i would essentially lose out on all but $ 2 of my original ticket since delta charges a $ 150 change fee plus fare difference on domestic flights ", "email two more domestic carriers have increased the fee to change a flight matching a move initiated by united airlines last month and quickly matched by us airways delta and american airlines both increased their change fees this week upping the fee to change a domestic flight from $ 150 to $ 200", "the cost to change a flight depends greatly on the airline that you have purchased your ticket from airlines have penalty fees that can range from $ 0 to $ 400 00 yowza to make a change to your ticket for domestic flights most airlines charge around $ 200 but the penalty is not the whole story at the time you make the change the great $ 250 fare is gone and flights on the new dates are selling for $ 375 to switch to that flight delta would charge a $ 200 change fee plus another $ 125 for the fare difference $ 375 minus $ 250 so the change you want to make would cost $ 325 total", "for flights within the u s customers must fork over at least $ 200 up from $ 150 for changing tickets the carrier raised the change fee on certain international flights as well from $ 250 to $ 300 for many routes to south america in reality passengers can wind up paying much more to change a flight itinerary to switch to that flight united would charge a $ 200 change fee plus another $ 200 for the fare difference $ 500 minus $ 300 so the change would cost $ 400 overall or more than the original ticket cost and that s on top of the $ 300 spent on the initial booking" ], "url": [ "http://www.ifly.com/airline-change-fees", "https://www.theflightexpert.com/how-to-cancel-delta-air-lines-flights/", "http://traveltips.usatoday.com/change-delta-nonrefundable-ticket-61012.html", "http://www.delta.com/content/www/en_US/traveling-with-us/ticket-changes-refunds/ticket-changes.html", "http://thepointsguy.com/2014/10/airline-change-and-cancellation-fees-how-to-avoid-them/", "http://thepointsguy.com/2012/10/my-experience-getting-out-of-delta-flight-change-fees/", "http://abcnews.go.com/Travel/airlines-increase-change-fees/story?id=19100090", "https://www.cheapair.com/blog/travel-tips/ask-cheapair-how-much-does-it-cost-to-change-an-airline-ticket/", "http://business.time.com/2013/04/24/oof-airline-fees-rise-yet-again-at-least-200-to-change-a-flight/" ] }

[]

[ "The Nile is located in northwest Africa and flows through many different African countries including Egypt, Sudan, Ethiopia, Uganda, and Burundi.", "In africa" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "The mouth of the Nile River is located in the Northern Part of Egypt, Africa. The Nile River is located on the Continent of Africa it is 4,184 miles long.", "Check out these fun Nile River facts for kids. Learn about where the Nile River is located, its relationship to Ancient Egypt, how long it is, the agriculture it supports and more. Enjoy our range of interesting facts about the Nile River. The length of the Nile River is approximately 6650 kilometres (4132 miles). It is believed to be the longest river in the world. Located in Africa, the Nile River lies in the following countries: Kenya, Eritrea, Congo, Burundi, Uganda, Tanzania, Rwanda, Egypt, Sudan and Ethiopia. The Nile River has huge significance in regards to Ancient Egypt. ", "The Nile River. by Marie Parsons. The Nile is the longest river in the world, stretching north for approximately 4,000 miles from East Africa to the Mediterranean. Studies have shown that the River (Iteru, meaning, simply, River, as the Egyptians called it) gradually changed its location and size over millions of years. ", "About the Nile River. The Nile River is the longest river in the world. It is over 4,100 miles long! The Nile is located in northwest Africa and flows through many different African countries including Egypt, Sudan, Ethiopia, Uganda, and Burundi. There are two major tributaries that feed the Nile, the White Nile and the Blue Nile.", "The Nile River is located on the Continent of Africa it is 4,184 miles long. ", "For the Nile River in Egypt, this river ends in the Mediterranean Sea, and there is a delta located there. So, the Nile River's mouth is at the Mediterranean Sea. This is on the border of Egypt. The delta is located near Cairo, Egypt (the capital city of Egypt). The Nile Delta is approximately 240 km wide and 160 km long. It is one of the world's larget deltas. People actually live on the Nile Delta, with its largest city being Alexandria with a population of almost four million peopl", "The Nile is an international river as its water resources are shared by eleven countries, namely, Tanzania, Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi, Congo-Kinshasa, Kenya, Ethiopia, Eritrea, South Sudan, Sudan and Egypt. In particular, the Nile is the primary water source of Egypt and Sudan. The Blue Nile, however, is the source of most of the water and silt. The White Nile is longer and rises in the Great Lakes region of central Africa, with the most distant source still undetermined but located in either Rwanda or Burundi. It flows north through Tanzania, Lake Victoria, Uganda and South", "The world’s longest river, located in Egypt, the Nile flows 4,132 miles (6,650 kilometres) northward to the Mediterranean Sea (a very unusual direction for a river to take). The Nile flows from two separate sources: the White Nile from equatorial Africa and the Blue Nile from the Abyssinian highlands. " ], "url": [ "http://www.answers.com/Q/Where_is_the_Nile_River_located", "http://www.sciencekids.co.nz/sciencefacts/earth/nileriver.html", "http://www.touregypt.net/egypt-info/magazine-mag05012001-magf4a.htm", "http://www.ducksters.com/history/ancient_egypt/geography_nile_river.php", "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_is_the_location_of_the_river_Nile", "http://www.brighthubeducation.com/help-with-geography/90780-the-mouth-of-the-nile-river-and-other-facts/", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nile", "http://www.ancient.eu/nile/" ] }

[]

[ "1 Pre-heat your oven to 425 degrees. 2 Season the filet mignon with salt and pepper on both sides. 3 I use approximately 1/8 tsp. salt and pepper per side. 4 Heat a large oven-proof saute sauté (Pan i prefer a stainless steel; skillet'don t use a-non stick) pan over-medium high. 5 Heat add the olive oil and let it get." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "How to Broil or Bake Filet Mignon. 1 For cuts that are less than 1-1/2 inches thick, position the broiler rack so the steak will be 3 to 4 inches from the heat. 2 For cuts that are 1-1/2 inches thick, position the broiler rack so the steak will be 4 to 5 inches from the heat. 3 Preheat the broiler. 1 For cuts that are 1-1/2 inches thick, position the broiler rack so the steak will be 4 to 5 inches from the heat. 2 Preheat the broiler. 3 Place the beef filet mignon on the unheated rack of the broiler pan.", "1 Place the filet on the grill rack over the heat. 2 Cover the grill. 3 Use the following timings for grilling filet mignon, and turn once halfway through the grilling time: 4 For a 1-inch cut, grill 10 to 12 minutes for medium rare (145 degrees F) or 12 to 15 minutes for medium (160 degrees F). 1 For cuts that are 1-1/2 inches thick, position the broiler rack so the steak will be 4 to 5 inches from the heat. 2 Preheat the broiler. 3 Place the beef filet mignon on the unheated rack of the broiler pan.", "Instructions. Bring your steak to room temperature and season with salt and pepper. Add butter to your pan and heat over medium-high until melted. Add the steak and lower the heat to medium. Cook the steak on one side for three to five minutes -- closer to three minutes for rare and closer to five minutes for medium. Flip the steak using tongs or spatula. ", "1 Pre-heat your oven to 425 degrees. 2 Season the filet mignon with salt and pepper on both sides. 3 I use approximately 1/8 tsp. salt and pepper per side. 4 Heat a large oven-proof saute sauté (Pan i prefer a stainless steel; skillet'don t use a-non stick) pan over-medium high. 5 Heat add the olive oil and let it get. hot 1 Season the filet mignon with salt and pepper on both sides. 2 I use approximately 1/8 tsp. salt and pepper per side. 3 Heat a large oven-proof saute sauté (Pan i prefer a stainless steel; skillet'don t use a-non stick) pan over-medium high. heat", "1 Add the oil to the pan. 2 Once the pan is very hot, add the steaks to the pan and do not move them for 3 minutes. 3 Flip the steaks over and continue to cook them for three minutes. 4 Place the pan in the oven and let the steaks finish cooking for 4-6 minutes for a rare steak or 6-8 minutes for medium rare steaks. 1 Once the pan is very hot, add the steaks to the pan and do not move them for 3 minutes. 2 Flip the steaks over and continue to cook them for three minutes. 3", "Directions. Season the Filet Mignons with salt and pepper. Combine the butter and oil in a large saute pan over high heat. When the pan is hot and foam has subsided, add the beef. Sear for three minutes per side for rare. Transfer to a warm platter. ", "Best Answer: I use my cast iron skillet. If you don't have cast iron, use your heaviest one. I just melt a little butter to cover the bottom of the pan on high and then add my steak. Let it cook for about 3 minutes until it has a wonderful sear and then turn over and cook for another 2 or 3 minutes. ", "1 Place the beef filet mignon on the unheated rack of the broiler pan. 2 Using the following timings, broil the meat, turning once halfway through the broiling time: 3 For a 1-inch filet cut, broil 12 to 14 minutes for medium rare (145 degrees F) or 15 to 18 minutes for medium (160 degrees F). 1 For cuts that are 1-1/2 inches thick, position the broiler rack so the steak will be 4 to 5 inches from the heat. 2 Preheat the broiler. 3 ", "Preparation. 1. Sprinkle fillets with pepper and salt. 2. Melt butter with olive oil in a large stainless steel or cast-iron skillet over medium heat. Add fillets, and cook 5 to 7 minutes on each side or to desired degree of doneness. Let stand 5 minutes. Southern Living." ], "url": [ "http://www.bhg.com/recipes/how-to/cooking-basics/how-to-cook-filet-mignon/", "http://www.bhg.com/recipes/how-to/cooking-basics/how-to-cook-filet-mignon/", "http://www.ehow.com/how_8154210_cook-filet-mignon-pan.html", "http://www.floatingkitchen.net/how-to-cook-the-perfect-filet-mignon/", "http://cooking.lovetoknow.com/cooking-filet-mignon-oven", "http://www.foodnetwork.com/recipes/seared-filet-mignon-recipe.html", "https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20081110182003AAipqQd", "http://www.bhg.com/recipes/how-to/cooking-basics/how-to-cook-filet-mignon/", "http://www.myrecipes.com/recipe/pan-seared-filet-mignon" ] }

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[ "3- or 4-year" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Between 3 and 4 years of both on-the-job training and classroom instruction usually is needed to become a skilled carpenter. You progress from an apprentice, journeyman … and, finally, to master", "Basics. As of 2012, being a carpenter did not require certification, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics. Voluntary certifications, however, are available. Some carpenters learn their skills on the job while working under the supervision of more experienced workers.", "Population increase will drive much of the demand. As of May 2011, carpenters averaged $44,330 per year, or $21.31 per hour, with the highest paid 10 percent receiving a mean $71,890 yearly, or $34.56 hourly. Most worked in residential building construction and averaged an annual $41,310, or $19.86 per hour.", "Breaking in requires three to four years of apprenticeship and thousands of hours of training. However, that education offers a career that pays better than most, with a median annual income of $40,010 as of May 2011, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics.", "1. You usually need a high school diploma. 2. To gain trade certification as a carpenter, you usually need either a three-to four-year apprenticeship program, or a combination of over four years' work experience and some high school, college, or industry courses in carpentry.", "Training. Most carpenters learn their trade through a 3- or 4-year apprenticeship. For each year of the program, apprentices must complete at least 144 hours of technical training and 2,000 hours of paid on-the-job training.", "The lowest 10 percent earned less than $24,880, and the top 10 percent earned more than $72,580. The starting pay for apprentices usually is between 30 percent and 50 percent of what fully trained carpenters make. As apprentices learn to do more, they receive pay increases.", "Salary Outlook. According to the BLS, carpenters earned a median salary of $40,500 in 2013, or $19.47 per hour. During that period, the highest-paid carpenters earned about $73,100, while the lowest-paid earned $25,120. The motion picture and video industry pays the highest for carpentry work." ], "url": [ "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_training_do_you_need_to_be_a_carpenter", "http://work.chron.com/need-certification-carpenter-14947.html", "http://work.chron.com/need-certification-carpenter-14947.html", "http://work.chron.com/skills-required-carpenter-11775.html", "http://www.studentscholarships.org/careers_salary/195/education/carpenters.php", "http://www.bls.gov/ooh/Construction-and-Extraction/Carpenters.htm", "http://www.bls.gov/ooh/Construction-and-Extraction/Carpenters.htm", "http://money.usnews.com/careers/best-jobs/carpenter/salary" ] }

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[ "Necturus" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1 ], "passage_text": [ "The common name of the common mudpuppy is thought to either derive from the external gills, which are reminiscent of canine ears, or from the erroneous belief that this species makes vocalisations similar to those of a dog.", "Click here for complete documentation for this database. 1 This table contains a list of Genus/Species that are included in the CEE-TV database to aid in querying the Genus/Species field. 2 Copy and paste the Genus and Species from this page into the search form.", "Search. Enter a Genus (eg Ocimum) or genus and species (eg Ocimum basilicum). The Plant List is a working list of all known plant species. It aims to be comprehensive for species of Vascular plant (flowering plants, conifers, ferns and their allies) and of Bryophytes (mosses and liverworts).", "Make sure that when you are searching you put the genus name in the search box. from the species name. If you type Rosa rugosa into the genus or species field of a search, you will find nothing. Separating Rosa from rugosa into the proper fields of genus and species, you will net 24 matches.", "The common names “mudpuppy” and “waterdog” for salamander species in the genus Necturus are derived from the erroneous belief that these animals produce a noise similar to barking. The scientific name for the Alabama waterdog, Necturus alabamensis, is derived from the Greek word “ nektos ” meaning “swimming”.", "Completely aquatic and gilled throughout life. The mudpuppy is the largest member of the genus Necturus which also includes waterdogs. All mudpuppies and waterdogshave bushy external gills, two gill slits, a laterally compressed tail, and four toes on front and hind feet. Adult mudpuppies are 20-49 cm total length." ], "url": [ "http://www.arkive.org/common-mudpuppy/necturus-maculosus/", "http://www.pwrc.usgs.gov/ceetv/genussp.htm", "http://www.theplantlist.org/", "http://davesgarden.com/guides/articles/view/2071/", "http://www.edgeofexistence.org/amphibians/species_info.php?id=571", "http://amphibiaweb.org/cgi/amphib_query?where-genus=Necturus&where-species=maculosus&account=amphibiaweb" ] }

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[ "About 19 cm" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "The esophagus is a 25-cm long muscular tube that connects the pharynx to the stomach. The length of the esophagus at birth varies between 8 and 10 cm and measures about 19 cm at age 15 years.", "The esophagus is a long, thin, and muscular tube that connects the pharynx (throat) to the stomach. It forms an important piece of the gastrointestinal tract and functions as the conduit for food and liquids that have been swallowed into the pharynx to reach", "The esophagus is the food tube, or gullet, that carries food and liquid from the mouth to the stomach. The stomach churns the food and secretes a strong acid that aids in digestion. A specialized muscle, known as the lower esophageal sphincter (LES), is located at the end of the esophagus.", "The esophagus is a long tube, with an average length of 25 cm. The throat (or pharynx) is continuous with the esophagus, and although the two are indistinguishable, the esophagus is thought to start a few centimeters below the thyroid cartilage (Adam's apple).", "© 2014 WebMD, LLC. All rights reserved. The esophagus is a muscular tube connecting the throat (pharynx) with the stomach. The esophagus is about 8 inches long, and is lined by moist pink tissue called mucosa. The esophagus runs behind the windpipe (trachea) and heart, and in front of the spine.", "The esophagus is a muscular tube connecting the throat (pharynx) with the stomach. The esophagus is about 8 inches long, and is lined by moist pink tissue called mucosa.", "ANSWER The esophagus is the conduit between the mouth and the stomach. It contains a muscular wall that can contract rhythmically to propel food from the mouth on down, … a process called peristalsis. The esophagus is like a muscular tube about 25 cm long between the throat", "The esophagus is a muscular tube connecting the throat (pharynx) with the stomach. The esophagus is about 8 inches long, and is lined by moist pink tissue called mucosa. The esophagus runs behind the windpipe (trachea) and heart, and in front of the spine.", "Child's Esophagus. The esophagus is the muscular tube that connects the throat to the stomach. The muscles in the esophagus contract to move food and liquid from the mouth through the throat and down" ], "url": [ "http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1948973-overview", "http://www.innerbody.com/image_dige01/dige03-new2.html", "http://greenbeltendoscopy.com/esophagitis.php", "http://www.oncolink.org/types/article.cfm?c=133&id=9465", "http://www.webmd.com/digestive-disorders/picture-of-the-esophagus", "http://www.webmd.com/digestive-disorders/picture-of-the-esophagus", "http://www.answers.com/Q/How_wide_is_the_human_esophagus", "http://www.medicinenet.com/image-collection/esophagus_picture/picture.htm", "http://www.webmd.com/children/childs-esophagus" ] }

[]

[ "A single nucleotide change in the hemoglobin gene causes an amino acid substitution in the hemoglobin protein from glutamic acid to valine." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Sickle cell anemia, a common form of sickle cell disease, is caused by a particular mutation in the HBB gene. This mutation results in the production of an abnormal version of beta-globin called hemoglobin S or HbS. In this condition, hemoglobin S replaces both beta-globin subunits in hemoglobin. beta thalassemia-caused by mutations in the HBB gene. Nearly 400 mutations in the HBB gene have been found to cause beta thalassemia. Most of the mutations involve a change in a single DNA building block (nucleotide) within or near", "Sickle cell anemia is a genetic disease that affects hemoglobin. A single nucleotide change in the hemoglobin gene causes an amino acid substitution in the hemoglobin protein from glutamic acid to valine. The resulting proteins stick together to form long fibers and distort the shape of the red blood cells. Downloads", "Yes, a change in nucleotide bases in DNA can cause a disease. Diseases that occur from such changes are genetic diseases. These diseases are caused by mutations in DNA, which … are basically changes in the nucleotide base sequence in the DNA. Answered. In Elements and Compounds. By changing a gene's instructions for making a protein, a mutation can cause the protein to malfunction or to be missing entirely. When a mutation alters a protein that plays a critical role in the body, it can disrupt normal development or cause a medical condition.", "Of the mutations leading to qualitative alterations in hemoglobin, the missense mutation in the β-globin gene that causes sickle cell anemia is the most common. The mutation causing sickle cell anemia is a single nucleotide substitution (A to T) in the codon for amino acid 6. The change converts a glutamic acid codon (GAG) to a valine codon (GTG). The form of hemoglobin in persons with sickle cell anemia is referred to as HbS. ", "1 A silent mutation has no effect on the functioning of the protein. 2 A single nucleotide can change, but the new codon specifies the same amino acid, resulting in an unmutated protein. 3 This type of change is called synonymous change, since the old and new codon code for the same amino acid. 1 Silent mutations: Code for the same amino acid. 2 A silent mutation has no effect on the functioning of the protein. 3", "A point mutation, or single base modification, is a type of mutation that causes a single nucleotide base change, insertion, or deletion of the genetic material, DNA or RNA. The term frameshift mutation indicates the addition or deletion of a base pair. 1 Silent mutations: Code for the same amino acid. 2 A silent mutation has no effect on the functioning of the protein. 3 A single nucleotide can change, but the new codon specifies the same amino acid, resulting in an unmutated protein.", "There are two main forms of mutations associated with prion disease: point changes (i.e. single nucleotide substitutions or transversions) which cause an amino acid change (missense mutation) or less commonly cause the coding to prematurely terminate (stop or nonsense mutation). ", "Figure Detail. As mentioned, sickle-cell anemia is the result of a change in a single nucleotide, and it represents just one class of mutations called point mutations. Changes in the DNA sequence can also occur at the level of the chromosome, in which large segments of chromosomes are altered. A sickle-shaped red blood cell is shown among a group of healthy red blood cells. A change in a single amino acid in one of the hemoglobin proteins is responsible for causing the abnormal sickle shape of this red blood cell.", "Although the haploid human genome consists of 3 billion nucleotides, changes in even a single base pair can result in dramatic physiological malfunctions. For example, sickle-cell anemia is a disease caused by the smallest of genetic changes. A sickle-shaped red blood cell is shown among a group of healthy red blood cells. A change in a single amino acid in one of the hemoglobin proteins is responsible for causing the abnormal sickle shape of this red blood cell.", "Sickle Cell. These are the sickle-shaped blood cells of someone with sickle cell anemia, a genetic disease common among those of African descent. Sickle cell anemia is the result of a point mutation, a change in just one nucleotide in the gene for hemoglobin. This mutation causes the hemoglobin in red blood cells to distort to a sickle shape when deoxygenated. The sickle-shaped blood cells clog in the capillaries, cutting off circulation. But the mutations we hear about most often are the ones that cause disease. Some well-known inherited genetic disorders include cystic fibrosis, sickle cell anemia, Tay-Sachs disease, phenylketonuria and color-blindness, among many others. All of these disorders are caused by the mutation of a single gene." ], "url": [ "http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/gene/HBB", "http://www.hhmi.org/biointeractive/sickle-cell-anemia", "http://www.answers.com/Q/Can_changing_a_single_nucleotide_in_a_gene_cause_a_disease", "http://themedicalbiochemistrypage.org/sicklecellanemia.php", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Point_mutation", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Point_mutation", "http://www.federationofscientists.org/pmpanels/tse/priprogene.asp", "http://www.nature.com/scitable/topicpage/genetic-mutation-441", "http://www.nature.com/scitable/topicpage/genetic-mutation-441", "http://genetics.thetech.org/about-genetics/mutations-and-disease" ] }

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[ "1 It should be labeled 'fully cooked' or 'cook before eating.'. 2 Preheat the oven to 350°F. 3 If the ham is labeled 'fully cooked' (does not require heating), heat for 8 to 10 minutes per pound, or to an internal temperature of 140°F. 4 If the ham is labeled 'cook before eating,' heat to an internal temperature of 160°F." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "1 Cover and cook on low for 5-8 hours, until ham is thoroughly heated. 2 If you want to glaze the ham, place on a broiler pan and cover with glaze; broil 10 from the heat for 10-15 minutes, watching carefully, until glaze is cooked. 3 Oven Method. 1 Bake at 325°F for 18-20 minutes per pound, until a meat thermometer registers 140°F. 2 Unwrap the ham and apply the glaze; increase the heat to 400°F and bake for 15-20 minutes longer until the glaze is burnished. 3 Grill Method to Heat Ham.", "1 It should be labeled 'fully cooked' or 'cook before eating.'. 2 Preheat the oven to 350°F. 3 If the ham is labeled 'fully cooked' (does not require heating), heat for 8 to 10 minutes per pound, or to an internal temperature of 140°F. 4 If the ham is labeled 'cook before eating,' heat to an internal temperature of 160°F. The flavor of a 'fully cooked' ham is greatly improved by heating. Here are the basics. Difficulty: Easy. Time Required: varies. Here's How: 1 First, check the label for instructions. 2 It should be labeled 'fully cooked' or 'cook before eating.'. 3", "1 Preheat the oven to 325°F. Place the ham on a rack in a shallow roasting pan. 2 For a whole 10- to 15-pound ham, allow 18 to 20 minutes per pound; for a half--5 to 7 pounds--about 20 minutes per pound; or for a shank or butt portion weighing 3 to 4 pounds, about 35 minutes to the pound. 1 For a whole 10- to 15-pound ham, allow 18 to 20 minutes per pound; for a half--5 to 7 pounds--about 20 minutes per pound; or for a shank or butt portion weighing 3 to 4 pounds, about 35 minutes to the pound. 2 In all cases, cook uncovered until the internal temperature reaches 160°F", "A precooked ham does not have to be cooked, but will taste better if you heat it thoroughly to an internal temperature of 140°F (60°C) or so. Place the ham in a 325°F oven (163°C). It will take 12 to 15 minutes per pound for a whole or boneless ham and 18 to 20 minutes per pound for a half ham. You should also let it rest for 20 minutes or so out of the oven before you serve it.", "1 Preheat the oven to 325°F. 2 To heat the ham, place it on a rack in a shallow roasting pan, and bake uncovered. 3 For a whole ham, allow 15 to 18 minutes to the pound; for a half, 18 to 24 minutes per pound. 4 The ham will be ready when the internal temperature reaches 140°F. 1 For a whole 10- to 15-pound ham, allow 18 to 20 minutes per pound; for a half--5 to 7 pounds--about 20 minutes per pound; or for a shank or butt portion weighing 3 to 4 pounds, about 35 minutes to the pound. 2 In all cases, cook uncovered until the internal temperature reaches 16", "2 1/2 hours. Here's how: Preheat the oven to 325, place the ham on a rack in a baking dish with a little water in the bottom. Wrap in foil, bake for about 2 hours, or until th … e internal temperature is 135 - 140 degrees.", "1 Preheat the oven to 350°F. 2 If the ham is labeled 'fully cooked' (does not require heating), heat for 8 to 10 minutes per pound, or to an internal temperature of 140°F. 3 If the ham is labeled 'cook before eating,' heat to an internal temperature of 160°F. The flavor of a 'fully cooked' ham is greatly improved by heating. Here are the basics. Difficulty: Easy. Time Required: varies. Here's How: 1 First, check the label for instructions. 2 It should be labeled 'fully cooked' or 'cook before eating.'. 3 ", "1 Add water to the bottom of the pan and cover the whole thing tightly with foil. 2 Bake at 325°F for 18-20 minutes per pound, until a meat thermometer registers 140°F. 3 Unwrap the ham and apply the glaze; increase the heat to 400°F and bake for 15-20 minutes longer until the glaze is burnished. 1 Bake at 325°F for 18-20 minutes per pound, until a meat thermometer registers 140°F. 2 Unwrap the ham and apply the glaze; increase the heat to 400°F and bake for 15-20 minutes longer until the glaze is burnished. 3 Grill Method to Heat Ham." ], "url": [ "http://busycooks.about.com/od/howtocook/a/howtocookham.htm", "http://southernfood.about.com/cs/hamrecipes/ht/heat_ham.htm", "http://www.epicurious.com/recipes/food/views/baked-ham-360789", "http://ochef.com/473.htm", "http://www.epicurious.com/recipes/food/views/baked-ham-360789", "http://www.answers.com/Q/How_long_do_you_cook_a_precooked_or_smoked_ham", "http://southernfood.about.com/cs/hamrecipes/ht/heat_ham.htm", "http://busycooks.about.com/od/howtocook/a/howtocookham.htm" ] }

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[ "Is the highest heart rate achieved during maximal exercise one simple method to calculate your predicted maximum heart rate." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "use a watch with a second hand or look at a clock with a second hand count the beats you feel for 10 seconds multiply this number by six to get your heart rate pulse per minute usually this is when your exercise heart rate pulse is 60 to 80 percent of your maximum heart rate in some cases your health care provider may decrease your target heart rate zone to begin with 50 percent", "max heart rate 220 age when determining your heart rate limits you will want to use the max heart rate calculator to get an acceptable estimate of the rates that are right for your age there are some important things to consider aside from age that can affect maximum heart rates however for example consider the following typically a healthy adult cannot exceed their max heart rate you will usually only be able to exert the amount of energy that your body is capable of which in turn limits your heart rate to the number that you are able to achieve", "heart rate or heart pulse is the speed of the heartbeat measured by the number of contractions of the heart per unit of time typically beats per minute bpm the heart rate can vary according to the body s physical needs including the need to absorb oxygen and excrete carbon dioxide the maximum heart rate hr max is the highest heart rate an individual can achieve without severe problems through exercise stress and generally decreases with age since hr max varies by individual the most accurate way of measuring any single person s hr max is via a cardiac stress test", "the maximum heart rate is the highest heart rate achieved during maximal exercise one simple method to calculate your predicted maximum heart rate uses this formula 220 your age predicted maximum heart rate example a 40 year old s predicted maximum heart rate is 180 beats minute there are other formulas that take into account the variations in maximal heart rate with age and gender usually this is when your exercise heart rate pulse is 60 to 80 percent of your maximum heart rate in some cases your health care provider may decrease your target heart rate zone to begin with 50 percent", "here are some interesting facts about maximum heart rate maximum heart rate is not a trainable attribute this means as you become more or less fit your maximum heart rate does not change the more fit you become the more work you can do at your maximum heart rateis the highest beats per minute your heart can achieve it is not sustainable since it is an all out effort it is essential to know your personal maximum heart rate in order to calculate effective target heart rates to use during exerciseit is always amusing to me when a client comes in for an appointment and says whew i just finished that spinning class and i worked at my maximum heart rate for 30 minutes straight", "to find out if your are exercising in your target zone between 60 and 80 percent of your maximum heart rate stop exercising and check your 10 second pulse if your pulse is below your target zone increase your rate of exercise if your pulse is above your target zone decrease your rate of exercise usually this is when your exercise heart rate pulse is 60 to 80 percent of your maximum heart rate in some cases your health care provider may decrease your target heart rate zone to begin with 50 percent", "heart rate training zones are calculated by taking into consideration your maximum heart rate hr max and your resting heart rate hr rest within each training zone subtle physiological effects take place to enhance your fitness ", "athletes who use a heart rate monitor as a training aid need to identify their actual maximum heart rate in order to determine their appropriate training zones maximum heart rate hr max can be determined by undertaking a maximum heart rate stress test which although relatively short does require you to push your body and your heart to the very limit" ], "url": [ "http://my.clevelandclinic.org/services/heart/prevention/exercise/pulse-target-heart-rate", "http://www.calculatorpro.com/calculator/max-heart-rate-calculator/", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heart_rate", "http://my.clevelandclinic.org/services/heart/prevention/exercise/pulse-target-heart-rate", "http://www.active.com/fitness/articles/understanding-your-heart-rates-and-exercise", "http://my.clevelandclinic.org/services/heart/prevention/exercise/pulse-target-heart-rate", "http://www.brianmac.co.uk/hrm1.htm", "http://www.brianmac.co.uk/maxhr.htm" ] }

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[ "Cyanobacteria /saɪˌaenoʊbaekˈtɪəriə/ , saɪˌænoʊbækˈtɪəriə also known As, cyanophyta is a phylum of bacteria that obtain their energy through." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Cyanobacteria /saɪˌaenoʊbaekˈtɪəriə/ , saɪˌænoʊbækˈtɪəriə also known As, cyanophyta is a phylum of bacteria that obtain their energy through. Photosynthesis the name cyanobacteria comes from the color of the (Bacteria: greek (κυανός) = kyanos). kyanós blue Symbiogenesis argues that the chloroplasts found in plants and eukaryotic algae evolved from cyanobacterial ancestors via endosymbiosis. Cyanobacteria are arguably the most successful group of microorganisms on earth.", "Cyanobacteria are sometimes considered algae, but they are actually bacteria (prokaryotic), where the term algae is now reserved for eukaryotic organisms. They also derive their energy through photosynthesis, but lack a nucleus or membrane bound organelles, like chloroplasts. Actually, cyanobacteria may have evolved into the first chloroplasts, as evidenced by similar structural and genetic traits. Cyanobacteria have a unique set of pigments used in photosynthesis, called the phycobiliproteins (phycobilins), which can give some of them a blue-green color.", "Because they are photosynthetic and aquatic, cyanobacteria are often called blue-green algae. This name is convenient for talking about organisms in the water that make their own food, but does not reflect any relationship between the cyanobacteria and other organisms called algae. Many Proterozoic oil deposits are attributed to the activity of cyanobacteria. They are also important providers of nitrogen fertilizer in the cultivation of rice and beans. The cyanobacteria have also been tremendously important in shaping the course of evolution and ecological change throughout earth's history.", "Cyanobacteria, formerly called blue-green algae are relatively simple, primitive life forms closely related to bacteria. Typically much larger than bacteria, they photosynthesize like algae. Depending upon the species, cyanobacteria can occur as single cells, filaments of cells, or colonies. Cyanobacteria contain a characteristic pigment which gives the group their blue-green coloration. When cyanobacteria blooms begin to die and disintegrate, this pigment may color the water a distinctive bluish color", "Any of various photosynthetic bacteria of the phylum Cyanobacteria that are generally blue-green in color and are widespread in marine and freshwater environments, with some species capable of nitrogen fixation. Also called blue-green alga, blue-green bacterium. (ˌsaɪənəʊbaekˈtɪərɪə). ˌsaɪənəʊbækˈtɪərɪə ", "Architects of earth's atmosphere. Cyanobacteria are aquatic and photosynthetic, that is, they live in the water, and can manufacture their own food. Because they are bacteria, they are quite small and usually unicellular, though they often grow in colonies large enough to see. Many Proterozoic oil deposits are attributed to the activity of cyanobacteria. They are also important providers of nitrogen fertilizer in the cultivation of rice and beans. The cyanobacteria have also been tremendously important in shaping the course of evolution and ecological change throughout earth's history.", "Cyanobacteria /saɪˌaenoʊbaekˈtɪəriə/ , saɪˌænoʊbækˈtɪəriə also known As, cyanophyta is a phylum of bacteria that obtain their energy through. photosynthesis Symbiogenesis argues that the chloroplasts found in plants and eukaryotic algae evolved from cyanobacterial ancestors via endosymbiosis. Cyanobacteria are arguably the most successful group of microorganisms on earth.", "The name cyanobacteria comes from the color of the bacteria (Greek: κυανός (kyanos) = kyanós). Blue they are often called-blue green (algae but some consider that name a, misnomer as cyanobacteria are prokaryotic and algae should be, eukaryotic although other definitions of algae encompass prokaryotic). organisms Symbiogenesis argues that the chloroplasts found in plants and eukaryotic algae evolved from cyanobacterial ancestors via endosymbiosis. Cyanobacteria are arguably the most successful group of microorganisms on earth.", "Cyanobacteria (English pronunciation: /saɪˌaenoʊbaekˈtɪəriə/; saɪˌænoʊbækˈtɪəriə also known as-blue green, algae-blue green, bacteria And) cyanophyta is a phylum of bacteria that obtain their energy through. photosynthesis Many cyanobacteria are able to reduce nitrogen and carbon dioxide under aerobic conditions, a fact that may be responsible for their evolutionary and ecological success. The water-oxidizing photosynthesis is accomplished by coupling the activity of photosystem (PS) II and I (Z-scheme).", "– Stewart and Falconer. Cyanobacteria (English pronunciation: /saɪˌaenoʊbaekˈtɪəriə/; saɪˌænoʊbækˈtɪəriə also known as-blue green, algae-blue green, bacteria And) cyanophyta is a phylum of bacteria that obtain their energy through. Photosynthesis the name cyanobacteria comes from the color of the (Bacteria: greek (κυανός) = kyanos). kyanós blue Many cyanobacteria are able to reduce nitrogen and carbon dioxide under aerobic conditions, a fact that may be responsible for their evolutionary and ecological success. The water-oxidizing photosynthesis is accomplished by coupling the activity of photosystem (PS) II and I (Z-scheme)." ], "url": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyanobacteria", "http://www.greenwaterlab.com/algae-cyanobacteria.html", "http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/bacteria/cyanointro.html", "http://www.ecy.wa.gov/programs/wq/plants/algae/publichealth/GeneralCyanobacteria.html", "http://www.thefreedictionary.com/cyanobacteria", "http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/bacteria/cyanointro.html", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyanobacteria", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyanobacteria", "http://www.academicroom.com/topics/what-is-cyanobacteria", "http://www.academicroom.com/topics/what-is-cyanobacteria" ] }

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[ "They are dried pieces of the celery stalk and leaves." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 1, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Celery Flakes, Coarse Cut. Categories: American, Celery, Herbs. These dehydrated celery flakes are twice as strong as the fresh vegetable, so use only about half as much in your recipe. Add celery flakes to chicken or vegetable soup, stews, stocks, poultry stuffing or anywhere else fresh celery flakes are called for.", "• Stir 2 to 3 tbsp. Celery Flakes into 4 cups of your favorite recipe for chicken, turkey or vegetable soup. • When preparing stuffing, use 2 tbsp. Celery Flakes for every 3 cups of bread cubes. • Use in barbecue, spaghetti and tomato-based sauces. • Substitute 1 tbsp.", "Celery Flakes. Celery flakes are dried pieces of the celery stalk and leaves. The plant is harvested, cleaned and set in a warm, dry area to remove any moisture. After the celery is dried, it is crumbled into small pieces, or flakes.", "Product Description. Celery Flakes add the bright, tangy flavor of raw celery to your dishes when you don't have the fresh ingredient on hand. Add Celery Flakes to dressings and sides to add a complex undertone to your dish. They're perfect for mixing into salad dressing mixes such as Great American Spice Co.'s Ranch Buttermilk Dressing.", "Chopped and dehydrated at the peak of the season, celery flakes are nice to have on hand when you only need a tablespoon or two of celery, or when your fresh celery seems to have wilted just when you are ready to use it. One tablespoon of celery flakes is equivalent to using one stalk of fresh celery." ], "url": [ "http://www.thespicehouse.com/spices/celery-flakes-coarse-and-fine-cut", "http://www.mccormick.com/spices-and-flavors/herbs-and-spices/spices/celery-flakes", "http://www.ehow.com/info_8598371_celery-flakes-vs-celery-seeds.html", "https://www.americanspice.com/celery-flakes/", "http://www.silvercloudestates.com/product/Celery-Flakes-148.aspx" ] }

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[ "$250,000 a year." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "1 Those whose incomes fall in the bottom 20% are considered poor. 2 Everyone else (the middle 60%) is middle class. 3 Income Range: There are some economists who say that anyone who makes between $25,000 and $100,000 a year is middle class. 4 That might be surprising to some, though. 1 In 2010, the Census Bureau reports that the median income in the United States was $49,445, so if you go a little lower or higher, you get a middle class range of between about $30,000 and $70,000 a year. 2 Tax Policies: Of course, if you look at tax policies, the middle class grows substantially", "Middle class a matter of income, attitude. CINCINNATI -- Strictly speaking, the median, or middle, household income in the United States today is $50,054. That's easy. The hard part is figuring out how far above or below the middle someone's income can go and still be considered middle class. There's a large difference between what our perception of a middle-class lifestyle is and what the statistics tell us the middle is..", "Middle class is a tricky concept. Depending on where you live, you can feel middle class earning as much as $250,000 a year — about five times the US median income of $52,250 from the same time period. In this analysis, Pew defined middle class households as those earning 67%-200% of a state's median income. So ... ", "Standard Definition: $25,000-$100,000 a year is what most would consider as a middle class income. The $75,000 spread accounts for the wide cost of living differential between places like New York City and Fargo, North Dakota. Everybody who lives in NYC or San Francisco will tell you that $25,000 a year is poor. ", "Middle class is a tricky concept. Depending on where you live, you can feel middle class earning as much as $250,000 a year — about five times the US median income of $52,250 from the same time period. In this analysis, Pew defined middle class households as those earning 67%-200% of a state's median income. So ...", "1 For many tax policies, the cutoff often discussed is $250,000 (even though the fiscal cliff deal used $400,000 as the point for higher taxes), suggesting that some think that you can be considered to have a middle class income as long as you make less than $250,000 a year. 1 In 2010, the Census Bureau reports that the median income in the United States was $49,445, so if you go a little lower or higher, you get a middle class range of between about $30,000 and $70,000 a year. 2 Tax Policies: Of course, if you look at tax policies, the middle class grows substantially", "You can see the full results below. In the left column, they list the median household income for each state. The middle column is the minimum you have to earn to be considered middle class, based on Pew’s definition. And the right column is the upper range of middle class. Head to Business Insider’s full link for more information. How much you have to earn to be considered middle class in every US state | Business Insider", "$100,000: Not rich, but middle class. After contributing $18,000 to your tax-exempt 401k, you are left with $82,000 a year in gross income, and ~$61,500 net income based on a 25% total effective tax rate. Notice there is no more $5,000 tax-exempt IRA contribution because you make over $68,000. ", "1 Income Range: There are some economists who say that anyone who makes between $25,000 and $100,000 a year is middle class. 2 That might be surprising to some, though. 3 Median Income: Others take a look at the median annual income, and then go $20,000 to either side. 1 In 2010, the Census Bureau reports that the median income in the United States was $49,445, so if you go a little lower or higher, you get a middle class range of between about $30,000 and $70,000 a year. 2 Tax Policies: Of course, if you look at tax policies, the middle class grows substantially" ], "url": [ "http://www.goodfinancialcents.com/what-is-considered-a-middle-class-income/", "http://www.usatoday.com/story/money/business/2013/04/14/middle-class-hard-define/2080565/", "http://www.businessinsider.com/middle-class-in-every-us-state-2015-4", "http://www.financialsamurai.com/definitions-of-a-middle-class-income-do-you-consider-yourself-middle-class/", "http://finance.yahoo.com/news/much-earn-considered-middle-class-170000901.html", "http://www.goodfinancialcents.com/what-is-considered-a-middle-class-income/", "http://twocents.lifehacker.com/the-salary-required-to-be-middle-class-in-every-state-1695393156", "http://www.financialsamurai.com/how-much-income-do-you-consider-to-be-rich/", "http://www.goodfinancialcents.com/what-is-considered-a-middle-class-income/" ] }

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[ "A small and simple diamond costs as little as £1,950, while a more impressive specimen can cost as much as £13,000." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "These diamonds, made from the ashes of animals, were created through the same process used to make diamonds from human remains. Diamonds are supposed to be a girl's best friend. Now, they might also be her mother, father or grandmother.", "Decide how much you can afford to spend. Having a single diamond created from cremation ashes can be expensive, depending on the size, quality and colour of your diamond. A small and simple diamond costs as little as £1,950, while a more impressive specimen can cost as much as £13,000.", "• A certified, high-quality diamond created from a lock of hair or the cremated ashes of your loved one as a memorial to their unique life. • A way to embrace your loved one's memory day by day. • The most beautiful and timeless memorial available for honoring", "Your very own LifeGem diamond(s) can be created from the carbon in cremation ashes, a lock of hair, or both. Of course, not only do we turn ashes into diamonds and hair into diamonds, we also have a full line of cremation jewelry, rings, and pendants to accent your beautiful LifeGem cremation diamond.", "Ordering your very own LifeGem diamond, either from a lock of hair, or the ashes of your loved one, is a simple three step process. 1. Print and complete this order form. If you have any questions, please call us and we'll be happy to walk you through the ordering process. You can also order online 24 hours a day.", "Turning ashes into diamonds was invented by LifeGem diamonds in 1999 and brought to the public in 2002. Since then, creating diamonds from ashes has become an accepted practice worldwide and considered by many to be the most prestigious way of memorializing a loved one to date.", "Sizes & Prices. We do not irradiate naturally grown coloured memorial diamonds, they grow from carbon extracted from the hair or cremation ashes of your loved one. Natural colours are Canary (light yellow), Free-Range Blue, and white with a slight blue hue. We may also be able to make pink (please enquire).", "The main difference, as you already know, is that diamonds from ashes are created from a very specific source of carbon-your loved one. It's all basic science really. Diamonds are carbon and humans are carbon. Any extremely pure carbon under massive amounts of pressure and heat crystallizes into diamond.", "Diamonds are beautiful stones, and the diamond that you create from your loved one's remains can be a treasure that you wear and pass on to your own children. Consider how you can turn cremation ashes into a gorgeous diamond that you will always remind you of someone that you loved." ], "url": [ "http://www.npr.org/2014/01/19/263128098/swiss-company-compresses-cremation-ashes-into-diamonds", "http://www.ehow.co.uk/how_5816136_make-diamonds-cremation-ashes.html", "http://www.lifegem-uk.com/", "http://lifegem.com/", "http://lifegem.com/", "http://www.ashestodiamond.com/index.aspx?BType=atd&BAg=atdt", "http://www.memorial-diamonds.com/prices-sizes-colours/", "http://www.ashestodiamond.com/index.aspx?BType=atd&BAg=atdt", "http://www.ehow.co.uk/how_5816136_make-diamonds-cremation-ashes.html" ] }

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[ "12701." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 1, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "this map shows all the monticello ny 5 digit zip code boundaries using clean practical map colors and styles to make our new york zip code map easier to read we color neighboring zip codes uniquely plus we highlight every zip code with its city name zip code boundaries county boundaries and highways", "monticello ny state zip code zip code of monticello ny is 12701 below you can find map of monticello or look up other zip codes in new york or other us states if monticello s zip code is duplicated and other places have same zip code number you can use our zip code searcher by number 12701 monticello have more then one zip code", "monticello zip code ny monticello is a village of sullivan new york in the mid atlantic region of the usa it is located about 84 miles southwest of ny s capital city of albany in the most recent us census the population of monticello was 6726 city zip code state" ], "url": [ "http://www.zip-codes.com/zip-code-maps-city/NY/ny-monticello-zip-code-map.asp", "http://monticello-ny.zip-codes.biz/", "http://monticello.zip-codez.com/zip-code/ny/sullivan/monticello" ] }

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[ "Chamorro is a Malayo-Polynesian language (Austronesian) spoken by about 47,000 people (about 35,000 people on Guam and about 12,000 in the Northern Mariana Islands)." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Keeping Cool: A Marianas Common Moorhen is spotted along the waters of the Fena Reservoir in Santa Rita Aug. 13, 2012. The Marianas Common Moorhen, also known as the Pulattat, is one of several endangered species of Guam’s declining bird population. U.S. Navy photo by Shaina Marie Santos/Released. ", "An endangered language is one that is likely to become extinct in the near future. Many languages are failing out of use and being replaced by others that are more widely used in the region or nation, such as English in the U.S. or Spanish in Mexico. ", "1 According to Clotilde C. Gould, early pioneer of the Chamorro Language commission. 2 Stated that the Chamorro language is dynamic, it adapts to new languages. 3 On Guam, there is a lot of Spanish in our language, due to the influence of the Spanish era. Delegate Robert Underwood, D-Guam the growth of the Guamanian or Chamorro population on the U.S. mainland grew by 20 percent in the last decade, from 1980-1990. (PDN, 07-01-01,p.3). 1 Teachers are having difficulty preparing lessons plans because of limited resources/ materials.", "At the time the Spanish rule over Guam ended, it is thought that Chamorro was a semi-creole language, with a substantial amount of the vocabulary being of Spanish origin and beginning to have a high level of mutual intelligibility with Spanish. In Guam, the language suffered additional suppression when the U.S. Government banned Chamorro language completely in schools in 1922, and collected and burned all Chamorro dictionaries (Skutnabb-Kangas 2000: 206; Muehlhaeusler mühlhäusler: 1996; 109 benton: 1981). 122", "Home News Alphabets Languages Search. A collection of useful phrases in the Guam dialect of Chamorro, an Austronesian langauge spoken mainly on the island of Guam, and also in the Marianas Islands. To see these phrases in many other languages click on the English versions. Useful Chamorro phrases. A collection of useful phrases in the Guam dialect of Chamorro, an Austronesian langauge spoken mainly on the island of Guam, and also in the Marianas Islands. To see these phrases in many other languages click on the English versions. Key to abbreviations: frm = formal, inf = informal", "Chamorro (Chamorro: Finu' Chamorro or Chamoru) is a Malayo-Polynesian language (Austronesian) spoken by about 47,000 people (about 35,000 people on Guam and about 12,000 in the Northern Mariana Islands). In Guam, the language suffered additional suppression when the U.S. Government banned Chamorro language completely in schools in 1922, and collected and burned all Chamorro dictionaries (Skutnabb-Kangas 2000: 206; Muehlhaeusler mühlhäusler: 1996; 109 benton: 1981). 122", "It is estimated that 75% of the population of Guam was literate in the Chamorro language around the time the United States captured the island during the Spanish–American War (similar language fluency estimates for other areas of the Mariana Islands during this time period do not exist). In Guam, the language suffered additional suppression when the U.S. Government banned Chamorro language completely in schools in 1922, and collected and burned all Chamorro dictionaries (Skutnabb-Kangas 2000: 206; Muehlhaeusler mühlhäusler: 1996; 109 benton: 1981). 122", "It is reported that even in the early 1920s Spanish was still reported to be a living language in Guam for commercial transactions, but the usage of both Spanish and Chamorro was rapidly declining as a result of the English pressure. In Guam, the language suffered additional suppression when the U.S. Government banned Chamorro language completely in schools in 1922, and collected and burned all Chamorro dictionaries (Skutnabb-Kangas 2000: 206; Muehlhaeusler mühlhäusler: 1996; 109 benton: 1981). 122" ], "url": [ "http://guam.stripes.com/travel/marianas-common-moorhen-endangered-species-guam", "http://www.linguisticsociety.org/content/what-endangered-language", "http://ns.gov.gu/survey.chamorro/index.html", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chamorro_language", "http://www.omniglot.com/language/phrases/chamorro.php", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chamorro_language", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chamorro_language", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chamorro_language" ] }

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[ "14 percent" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "The Sahara Desert covers most of North Africa. The Sahara Desert is the largest subtropical hot desert and third largest desert in the world, after Antarctica and the Arct … ic. The largest desert in the world is Antarctica which is not in northern Africa.", "The largest hot desert is the Sahara desert, in northern Africa, covering 9 million square kilometers. We’ve written many articles about deserts for Universe Today. Here’s an article about the Atacama desert, seen from space, and here’s an article about the largest desert in the world.", "(Answer #3). About a tenth of the Earth's surface is covered by deserts. A desert is defined as an area with less than 250 mm (10) of rainfall a year. This includes about 10% of the Earth's total surface.", "The percentage of true desert has increased in the last 125 years, from about 9% to 14%. According to the Gale School link cited below, True deserts cover about 14 percent of the world's land area, or about 8,000,000 square miles (20,800,000 square kilometers).", "(Answer #2). True deserts cover about 14 percent of the world's land area, or about 8,000,000 square miles (20,800,000 square kilometers). Another 15 percent of the Earth's land surface possesses some desertlike characteristics.", "The Sahara desert covers most of the North Africa. It is the hottest desert in the world and is also the third largest desert, about the size of China or the United States … .", "Deserts cover more than one fifth of the Earth's land, and they are found on every continent. A place that receives less than 10 inches (25 centimeters) of rain per year is considered a desert. Deserts are part of a wider classification of regions called drylands.." ], "url": [ "http://www.answers.com/Q/How_much_of_the_earth_is_covered_by_deserts", "http://www.universetoday.com/65639/what-percentage-of-the-earths-land-surface-is-desert/", "http://www.enotes.com/homework-help/what-percentage-land-earth-desert-57417", "http://www.enotes.com/homework-help/what-percentage-land-earth-desert-57417", "http://www.enotes.com/homework-help/what-percentage-land-earth-desert-57417", "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_percentage_of_Africa's_area_does_the_Sahara_Desert_cover", "http://environment.nationalgeographic.com/environment/habitats/desert-profile/" ] }

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[ "1 Japanese maple (Acer palmatum).2 Norway maple (Acer platonoides). 3 Sugar maple (Acer saccharum). 4 Paperbark maple (Acer griseum). 5 Red maple (Acer rubrum)." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1 ], "passage_text": [ "Red Maple Trees. The fall foliage of red maples, or swamp maple trees (Acer rubrum spp.), unfortunately sometimes makes a liar out of the trees' name. That's why it's best to stick with cultivars known for their fall color consistency, such as 'Autumn Blaze' ", "Red maple is one of the most abundant and widespread hardwood trees in North America (Figure 3.8). Probably no other species of forest tree, certainly no hardwood, can thrive on a wider variety of soil types and sites. Compared to sugar and black maple, red maple is a relatively short-lived tree, rarely living longer than 150 years. Mature trees commonly average between 20 and 30 inches in diameter and 60 and 90 feet tall. Like sugar and black maple, red maple is shade tolerant and is found in both even-aged and uneven-aged forests.", "One distinction between the two maple tree types is the rate of growth. Hard maples grow very slowly and live a long time. These trees are important to the lumber industry and include black maples and sugar maples, known for their superior quality syrup. All maples have leaves divided into three, five or seven lobes. Here are a few distinguishing characteristics of some of the more common types of Acer maple trees: Japanese Maple (Acer palmatum). 1 Highly ornamental trees, Japanese maples may only grow to 6 to 8 feet in cultivation but can reach heights of 40 to 50 feet in the wild.", "The blazing crimson of red maple leaves are stunning in the fall. The common red maple (Acer rubrum), a sprawling deciduous tree native to central and eastern North America, grows 40 to 70 feet high with a spreading canopy 30 to 50 feet wide. The red maple grows showy red or yellow blossoms in the spring and its orange-red leaves give a spectacular display in the fall. ", "In addition to bonsais, small types of maple trees can be used for ornamental landscaping. Maple is great for ornamental trees because they respond to trimming and can be cut and sculpted into any shape or form you desire. The best ornamental trees tend to be those that are smaller in stature. Different types of maple trees come in dwarf versions that do not over grow and take up little space in your yard. Dwarf trees are a great option for homes and yards with little space because they offer all the attributes of a regular sized plant in a smaller version.", "How to Identify Maple Trees. Here are a few distinguishing characteristics of some of the more common types of Acer maple trees: Japanese Maple (Acer palmatum). 1 Highly ornamental trees, Japanese maples may only grow to 6 to 8 feet in cultivation but can reach heights of 40 to 50 feet in the wild. 2 Brilliant fall color", "Acer /ˈeɪsər/ is a genus of trees or shrubs commonly known as maple. There are approximately 128 species, most of which are native to Asia, with a number also appearing in Europe, northern Africa, and North America. Only one species, Acer laurinum, extends to the Southern Hemisphere. ", "Many Types of Maple Trees. Maple trees belong to the genus Acer, and there are 125 species of maple trees. They grace the landscape throughout the world. Most are deciduous, meaning they lose their leaves each fall, but a few native to the warm climates of southern Asia do not shed their leaves. Most maple trees have green leaves, but some may have red or ruby-bronze colored leaves. With 125 species of maple, it would be nearly impossible to list them all. The types of maples gardeners are most likely to encounter in the average home and garden center include: 1 Japanese maple (Acer palmatum). 2 Norway maple (Acer platonoides). 3 Sugar maple (Acer saccharum). 4 Paperbark maple (Acer griseum). 5 Red maple (Acer rubrum)" ], "url": [ "http://landscaping.about.com/cs/fallfoliagetrees/a/fall_foliage7.htm", "http://www.maple-trees.com/pages/maple-tree-identification.php", "http://www.gardeningknowhow.com/ornamental/trees/maple/maple-tree-types.htm", "http://homeguides.sfgate.com/red-maple-tree-types-63650.html", "http://www.diyhomedesignideas.com/landscape/maple.php", "http://www.gardeningknowhow.com/ornamental/trees/maple/maple-tree-types.htm", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maple_tree", "http://garden.lovetoknow.com/wiki/Types_of_Maple_Trees" ] }

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[ "Yes" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Is ok or cruel to keep my cats in a cage during the night? i have a small cat and her 12 week old kitten. i also have a 2 year old daughter and am 34 weeks pregnant. during the night the cats run around the house and go in my daughters bedroom distubing her, cant shut them in the lounge as they pluck at the carpet (its a rented house and we will get chrged if the carpets...", "Coyotes aren't the only threat cats face when they go outside—there are far greater dangers. When you allow your cat to roam freely outdoors, even for short periods of time, you expose her to perils such as cars, dogs, diseases, coyotes, poisons, and cruel people. If you want your cat to be safe, keep her indoors. If given the opportunity, they will also make a meal of a cat, tame or feral. Dogs, especially smaller breeds, are also at risk, although attacks on them are more rare. The best way to protect your pets is to let them outside only when you are with them—especially at night—and to keep pet food and water inside.", "Comment number 97. I was amused at Chris's comment that keeping your cat in at night is a 'simple' solution to the problem. I heard about this advice six years ago when my previous cat was still alive. She had an established routine of going out at night-and hunting. ", "It's not at all cruel! In fact I keep my dog in her room at night... she has a little sofa in there, as well as her food and water.... I keep the door closed because I don't want her running around at night. However, if you are talking about keeping your cat in a room 24/7, that would be animal cruelty. u can but that isnt very fair to the cat. if u have more space maybe let him out at night abd keep him in the room during the day. if it is all day every day, u shouldnt.", "Location: London. Posts: 11,201. It's not at all cruel to keep a cat indoors. Make sure you have somewhere for the cat to climb and play and jump around, something to replicate a tree trunk to scratch, plenty of dangly toys etc. ", "I was extremely concerned to see that you listed outdoor roaming as a new-owner's mistake. Here in the UK we consider it cruel to keep a cat indoors, especially if it is kept alone, without another cat. Indeed, the Cats' Protection League will generally not rehome to flats or houses without gardens. Perhaps in America the situation is different to in the UK. ", "It's not cruel to let them out at night, but it is highly dangerous. A car could not see them as easily, and hit them. It could eat something and get poisoned. A night creature could attack them. It could not see a ditch or something like that, fall in and not be able to get out. If you live near a busy road or in a dangerous area for animals i would keep it inside. However if you cat loves to be outside at night and you live in a safe area, then no, it's not cruel :) Hope I helped xx. Source(s): Personal Experience.", "It's perfectly fine if only for short periods or at night and not much different to shutting them in a small room. As long as they have access to food water and a litter box then they will be fine. Some breeders keep their cats caged permanently although there is usually a large run attached. during the night the cats run around the house and go in my daughters bedroom distubing her, cant shut them in the lounge as they pluck at the carpet (its a rented house and we will get chrged if the carpets...", "Best Answer: Yes. All the vets & animal charities tell cat owners to keep their cats in at night. Far more cats are killed on the road at night, and more cats are stolen then. If you live near a busy road or in a dangerous area for animals i would keep it inside. However if you cat loves to be outside at night and you live in a safe area, then no, it's not cruel :) Hope I helped xx. Source(s): Personal Experience." ], "url": [ "https://uk.answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20100529153034AAUsUFx", "http://www.humanesociety.org/animals/coyotes/tips/coyotes_pets.html", "http://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/natureuk/2012/06/changes-for-cat-people.shtml", "https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20100326153910AArZ2HV", "http://forums.digitalspy.co.uk/showthread.php?t=862861", "http://cats.about.com/od/faqcatcare/f/ukoutdoors.htm", "https://uk.answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20090121104937AA7ZwTu", "https://uk.answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20100529153034AAUsUFx", "https://uk.answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20090121104937AA7ZwTu" ] }

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[ "$1,750" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1 ], "passage_text": [ "• $1,750 for one scan site. • $250 for additional scan sites. • $100 for emergency or STAT reads of the exam by the radiologist. Please call us at (860) 586-8610 if you have any questions or concerns about how much a dog MRI costs. We are committed to helping all our clients get the MRI scan they need for their dogs and will work with you as much as possible.", "And we have imaged ferrets, kangaroos, flamingos, rabbits, chimps, and even turtles! For any small animal, MRI scans at Companion MRI are typically $1,750 for one scan site. If an additional anatomical MRI scan site is needed, the cost will be $250 for the additional site. In an emergency situation, we may need to have the radiologist read the exam immediately and we will need to charge an additional $100 for STAT reads.", "Answers. it depends i was thinking you might look at this: The brain imaging tests, MRI or CT scan and CSF tap, must be performed in order for an actual diagnosis of idiopathic epilepsy to be given not merely a suspected or presumptive diagnosis. An MRI can cost up to $1500.00. A spinal tap usually runs around $600.00-$800.00. ", "Expert: Dr. Jamie replied 5 years ago. Hi, The cost will vary from one patient to the nexy and one facility to the next, but in your area of the country it will likely cost around $1800-2200. Here rea some link to hospitals with MRI services in your area. You can contact them for a more detailed quote: ", "What is the cost of an MRI? The cost of an MRI study can range from $300 to $10000. There is a huge difference in the cost of an MRI study across the country and even city to city. In addition to pricin … g being very different throughout a region, pricing is also affected by the MRI clinic that you decide to use. How much does an MRI Scan for the lower back cost? MRI scans of the lower back (aka the Lumbar Spine) range in price from $700-$3000 depending on where you get the scan done. Outpatient centers are relatively inexpensive versu … s their hospital counterparts. If the scan requires contrast (aka dye) the scan can cost an additional $100-$500", "In the Portland and Seattle, you can check out Sprig Health for the cost and description of MRI procedures at a few locations in town (https://www.sprighealth.com/site/all-services). Currently the prices seem to range from $485 to $1190 for MRI with and without Contrast. How much does an MRI Scan for the lower back cost? MRI scans of the lower back (aka the Lumbar Spine) range in price from $700-$3000 depending on where you get the scan done. Outpatient centers are relatively inexpensive versu … s their hospital counterparts. If the scan requires contrast (aka dye) the scan can cost an additional $100-$500", "A referral from your veterinarian is needed in order to set up the procedure at a specialty center. 2. An MRI is expensive, with costs often running $2,500 and up per scan. However, this cost, which includes the scan, anesthesia and monitoring, is covered by many pet insurance plans. 3. Another consideration (not necessarily a drawback) is that the dog can’t move during the scan", "The cost of an MRI study can range from $300 to $10000. There is a huge difference in the cost of an MRI study across the country and even city to city. How much does an MRI Scan for the lower back cost? MRI scans of the lower back (aka the Lumbar Spine) range in price from $700-$3000 depending on where you get the scan done. Outpatient centers are relatively inexpensive versu … s their hospital counterparts. If the scan requires contrast (aka dye) the scan can cost an additional $100-$500", "MRI scans for dogs at Companion MRI are typically $1,750 for one scan site. If an additional anatomical MRI scan site is needed, the cost will be $250 for the additional site. Please call us at (860) 586-8610 if you have any questions or concerns about how much a dog MRI costs. We are committed to helping all our clients get the MRI scan they need for their dogs and will work with you as much as possible." ], "url": [ "http://www.companionmri.com/dog-mri-cost.html", "http://www.companionmri.com/Animal-MRI-Cost.html", "http://www.dogster.com/answers/question/how_much_will_a_mri_scan_cost-22168", "http://www.justanswer.com/dog-health/308nj-does-mri-dog-usually-cost.html", "http://www.answers.com/Q/How_much_will_an_MRI_for_a_dog_cost", "http://www.answers.com/Q/How_much_will_an_MRI_for_a_dog_cost", "http://animalwellnessmagazine.com/does-he-need-an-mri/", "http://www.answers.com/Q/How_much_will_an_MRI_for_a_dog_cost", "http://www.companionmri.com/dog-mri-cost.html" ] }

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[ "Adenine,Thyamine,Cytosin and Guanine.", "Adenine, guanine, thymine and cytosine are the four nitrogenous bases that are attached to a sugar molecule on each side of the ladder." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "In this way a DNA molecule is similar in structure to a ladder in which the sugar and phosphate groups make the uprights and the nitrogen base groups the rungs. There are four types of nitrogen bases or base groups. 1 Adenine (A). 2 Thyamine (T). 3 Cytosine (C). 4 Guanine (G). The nucleotides in the DNA molecule are linked in series from one phosphate, to the next sugar, to the next phosphate and so on. The DNA molecule can be considered as a ladder with the phosphate and the sugar molecules making up the uprights and the bases making up", "Report Abuse. The structure of DNA is a double helix, much like a ladder that is twisted into a spiral shape. The nucleotide bases (A, T, C, G) that make up your genetic code are found in pairs in the middle of the helix. The base pairs that make up the rungs of the ladder are attached to the sugars in the sugar-phosphate chains that form the uprights of the ladder. Source(s): Nucleic Acids DNA and RNA by Anthony Carpi, Ph.D. at Vision Learning http://www.visionlearning.com/library/mo...", "The sides of the DNA latter consist of the sugar deoxyribose and phosphates. The bond between the latter and the nitrogen bases together is known a a nucleotide. Nucleotides a … re molecules that make up the structure of DNA and RNA. Answered. There are 4 nucleotides that make up the ladder: adenine and thymine, cytosine and guanine. There is a double bond between A and T, and a triple bond between C and G. The two … substances that make up the SIDES of the ladder are sugar and phosphate, known as a sugar-phosphate strand.", "· just now. Report Abuse. The structure of DNA is a double helix, much like a ladder that is twisted into a spiral shape. The nucleotide bases (A, T, C, G) that make up your genetic code are found in pairs in the middle of the helix. These base pairs make up the “rungs” or steps of the ladder. The base pairs that make up the rungs of the ladder are attached to the sugars in the sugar-phosphate chains that form the uprights of the ladder. Source(s): Nucleic Acids DNA and RNA by Anthony Carpi, Ph.D. at Vision Learning http://www.visionlearning.com/library/mo...", "The uprights are called the backbone and is made up of ribose (a pentose sugar) and phosphate. The rungs are the bases that are the actual coding bit of DNA. These are c … arbon and nitrogen-based molecules that attach to the backbone. The rungs are made up of four nitrogen bases called Guanine, Thymine, Adenine, and Cytosine. Adenine (A) always pairs up with Thymine(T). Guanine (G) always pairs up Cytosin … e(C). The object that connects them is a hydrogen base.", "Best Answer: The rungs are made by the nucleotide bases. The sugar base of the nucleotides is what binds them together within single string of DNA but they also bond with their complimentary nucleotide in the opposite string. These proteins are Thymine (T), Adenine (A), Guanine (G), Cytosine (C). They form the code of DNA. They bind in any order along the DNA strand, as long as they follow the base pair rule, which is that Adenine only binds with Thymine and Guanine only binds with Cytosine.", "Concept 19 The DNA molecule is shaped like a twisted ladder. Earlier work had shown that DNA is composed of building blocks called nucleotides consisting of a deoxyribose sugar, a phosphate group, and one of four nitrogen bases — adenine (A), thymine (T), guanine (G), and cytosine (C). X-ray crystallography provided the final clue that the DNA molecule is a double helix, shaped like a twisted ladder. In 1953, the race to determine how these pieces fit together in a three-dimensional structure was won by James Watson and Francis Crick at the Cavendish Laboratory in Cambridge, England. They showed that alternating deoxyribose and phosphate molecules form the twisted uprights of the DNA ladder. The rungs of the ladder are formed by complementary pairs of nitrogen bases — A always paired with T and G always paired with C", "DNA also includes sugars and phosphate groups that make the phosphate-deoxyribose backbone. If you think of the structure of DNA as a twisted ladder, the rungs of the ladder are made from the nitrogenous bases. These bases pair up to make each step of the ladder. They also only pair up in a specific way. ", "(A grouping like this of a phosphate, a sugar, and a base makes up a subunit of DNA called a nucleotide.) These bases make up the 'rungs' of the ladder, and are attached to the backbone where the deoxyribose (sugar) molecules are located. " ], "url": [ "http://www.passmyexams.co.uk/GCSE/biology/structure-of-dna-molecule.html", "https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20080708144838AAIauFK", "http://www.answers.com/Q/If_the_structure_of_DNA_resembles_a_twisted_ladder_what_makes_up_the_sides_of_the_ladder", "https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20080708144838AAIauFK", "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_are_the_'_uprights''of_the_DNA_ladder", "https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20091202075448AAYSoZV", "http://dnaftb.org/19/", "https://askabiologist.asu.edu/dna-shape-and-structure", "http://www.hometrainingtools.com/a/dna/" ] }

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[ "Help you secure patent protection for your invention by preparing and filing a patent application.", "It is representing clients in obtaining patents and acting in all matters and procedures relating to patent law and practice, such as filing an opposition." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Job Duties of a Patent Lawyer. A patent lawyer, also called a patent attorney or intellectual property lawyer, represents individuals seeking to obtain a patent (a set of exclusive rights awarded to an inventor). Patent lawyers' main responsibilities are to conduct patent litigation and handle copyright and trademark infringement cases.", "Patent law is a highly specialized area of law. To do good patent work, you must have good technical insight. However, not every patent lawyer who is also an engineer or scientist has the capacity to write, teach, explain and clarify. Weinzimmer says that many patent attorneys are very inarticulate and simply can’t explain what they know.", "The titles patent agent and patent lawyer are also used in some jurisdictions. In some jurisdictions the terms are interchangeable, while in others the latter is used only if the person qualified as a lawyer. Registration as a patent attorney in Australia is administered by the Professional Standards Board for Patents and Trade Marks Attorneys (the PSB).", "1 1. 2 What does a patent attorney do? 3 The primary role of most patent attorneys is to help you secure patent protection for your invention by preparing and filing a patent application. 1 When drafting a patent specification, the patent attorney always remembers that, one day, if the patent is the subject of litigation, every word and every feature of the specification will be examined in depth by the courts and by other patent attorneys trying to attack the validity or scope of the claimed invention.", "When you're seeking to patent your invention, you need a patent lawyer. Patent law is a highly specialized area of the law and a good patent lawyer will make sure that your invention is protected. To do good patent work, you must have good technical insight. However, not every patent lawyer who is also an engineer or scientist has the capacity to write, teach, explain and clarify. Weinzimmer says that many patent attorneys are very inarticulate and simply can’t explain what they know.", "25 hours. Average time it takes for an attorney to write a patent. “Once a patent lawyer has enough information about the invention, he or she files a patent application, which takes an average of 25 hours to write and costs about $10,000.” $10,000/25 hours = $400/hour. IP attorney fees. Hours to write patent. 20 hours. Time it takes for an experienced attorney to write a patent for a simple invention. “[ Francisco Rubio-Campos, founding partner at Eclipse Group, an intellectual property law firm in Los Angeles] estimates that an application for a simple invention can take an experienced attorney 20 hours to write.", "Google allows you to search every issued and pending patent at the patent office. Every issued patent or patent application lists the lawyer that wrote it and what firm the lawyer works at. Start searching for lawyers that write patents in the technical field of your invention. Look at the claims of the patent. ", "A patent attorney is an attorney who has the specialized qualifications necessary for representing clients in obtaining patents and acting in all matters and procedures relating to patent law and practice, such as filing an opposition. Registration as a patent attorney in Australia is administered by the Professional Standards Board for Patents and Trade Marks Attorneys (the PSB).", "According to Payscale.com, as of January 2014, the majority of all patent lawyers earned between $78,962 and $219,900 per year, and the median annual wage was $140,003. Annual income for a patent lawyer will vary depending on experience. Patent lawyers' main responsibilities are to conduct patent litigation and handle copyright and trademark infringement cases." ], "url": [ "http://learn.org/articles/What_Do_Patent_Lawyers_Do.html", "http://law.freeadvice.com/intellectual_property/patent_law/patent-lawyers.htm", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patent_attorney", "http://www.slideshare.net/SteveUnwin/what-does-a-patent-attorney-actually-do", "http://law.freeadvice.com/intellectual_property/patent_law/patent-lawyers.htm", "http://www.inventionstatistics.com/Patent_Attorney_Lawyer_Fees.html", "https://www.legalzoom.com/articles/do-i-need-a-patent-attorney", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patent_attorney", "http://learn.org/articles/What_Do_Patent_Lawyers_Do.html" ] }

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[ "Half an hour before breakfast and should not be taken with your calcium supplements which are best taken with meals." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Taking vitamins is an important way to boost your nutritional intake. The timing of when we take vitamins, though, can be as vital as the fact that we take them. To ensure that we get the most out of vitamins and supplements when is the best time to take them? We asked Melissa Dorval, R.D., to help us understand when the best time is to take vitamins and supplements. Q: What vitamins should be taken in the morning, before I've eaten? MD: We recommend that you take SAM-e on an empty stomach at least 30 minutes before you consume food. This is most convenient when you first wake up in the morning, as your stomach is most empty at this time.", "I have been taking Synthroid since 1988 after having half of my Thyroid removed due to 3 nodules on it. I was first on .25 then .50 then .75 now I am on .88. I always took it at 5:AM with 16 oz water and by the time I got my shower and got ready for work I could eat breakfast, then I retired. I just recently learned I’ve been taking it at the wrong time. I was taking it along with breakfast and coffee, not to mention vitamins, minerals, probiotics, Citrucel and other medications. I am totally confused about how to take it properly. A. Taking your thyroid medicine with coffee, mineral supplements (especially iron or calcium) or fiber such as bran cereal or Citrucel can interfere with its absorption (Thyroid, March, 2008). Using a calcium-fortified fruit juice to take the medication could severely limit how much gets into your bloodstream", "You'll need to take levothyroxine every day, most likely as a lifelong treatment. Certain foods, vitamins and chemical compounds can interfere with the absorption of levothyroxine, especially vitamin supplements high in iron and calcium. Conclusion. Any vitamin supplement that you and your doctor agree should be added to your diet can be taken with levothyroxine, provided that you don't take your vitamin or supplement within four hours of taking your thyroid replacement hormone.", "Levothyroxine replaces T4 hormone, one of two important hormones -- T3 and T4 -- that control metabolism. Your body can synthesize T3 hormones from levothyroxine even if you are hypothyroid, so there is rarely a need to supplement both T3 and T4 hormones. Conclusion. Any vitamin supplement that you and your doctor agree should be added to your diet can be taken with levothyroxine, provided that you don't take your vitamin or supplement within four hours of taking your thyroid replacement hormone.", "You will need to take thyroxine for life. The initial dose will be checked by your endocrinologist at 6 weeks and adjusted if necessary. Thyroxine is best taken half an hour before breakfast and should not be taken with your calcium supplements which are best taken with meals. ", "MD: If lunch is a more convenient time for you to take your vitamins, then go ahead and consume your multivitamin, B-complex, Vitamin E, Vitamin C or any other vitamins at this time. The most important point is that you consume your vitamins and supplements with food, to help with proper dissolution and absorption. Q: What vitamins should be taken in the morning, before I've eaten? MD: We recommend that you take SAM-e on an empty stomach at least 30 minutes before you consume food. This is most convenient when you first wake up in the morning, as your stomach is most empty at this time.", "Certain drugs and supplements can interact with thyroid medication as well, especially if you take them at the same time of day. These include aspirin, calcium, Coumadin and other blood thinners, estrogen, iron, psyllium and other fiber supplements, and certain antacids. I used to recommend Armour thyroid to treat an underactive thyroid. This product contains both T3 and T4, a combination of two hormones produced by the gland. I find that some patients respond better to the combination than to T4 (thyroxine) alone.", "MD: Calcium supplements can be taken with dinner, or hours after dinner before bed. Supplemental calcium is best in smaller, more frequent doses to enhance absorption. The form of calcium you are taking determines if you should take it with a meal or snack, or on an empty stomach. Q: What vitamins should be taken in the morning, before I've eaten? MD: We recommend that you take SAM-e on an empty stomach at least 30 minutes before you consume food. This is most convenient when you first wake up in the morning, as your stomach is most empty at this time." ], "url": [ "http://www.naturemade.com/resource-center/articles-and-videos/immune-health/timing-your-vitamins", "http://www.peoplespharmacy.com/2010/08/26/taking-thyroid-medicine-properly/", "http://www.livestrong.com/article/497890-levothyroxine-vitamin-supplements/", "http://www.livestrong.com/article/497890-levothyroxine-vitamin-supplements/", "http://www.thyroid.com.au/procedures/thyroid-surgery/total-thyroidectomy/", "http://www.naturemade.com/resource-center/articles-and-videos/immune-health/timing-your-vitamins", "http://www.drweil.com/drw/u/QAA400441/Best-Thyroid-Treatment.html", "http://www.naturemade.com/resource-center/articles-and-videos/immune-health/timing-your-vitamins" ] }

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[ "5 years" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Offenders may be charged with a misdemeanor or felony. Penalties for petit theft could include fines up to $400, imprisonment or both. The maximum sentence that can be given is 16 months’ jail time, which is usually only given to repeat offenders. When the merchandise is greater than $400, it is considered grand theft.", "Grand theft in the first degree results in a first degree felony charge, which can lead to a term of imprisonment for up to thirty years and a fine in an amount up to $10,000.", "The penalty for a third degree felony is a maximum of 5 years in jail and a $5,000 fine. If the property stolen is valued between $100 and $299, then the defendant will be charged with a 1st Degree Misdemeanor, which carries a maximum penalty of 1 year in jail and a $1000 fine.", "Theft of property valued between $300 and $20,000 qualifies as grand theft in the third degree. Property valued between $20,000 and $100,000 becomes grand theft in the second degree, while property valued over $100,000 results in a charge of grand theft in the first degree.", "Florida laws allow the prosecution of grand theft in the second degree as a second degree felony. A conviction for a second degree felony may be punished with a sentence of imprisonment for a term lasting up to fifteen years and a fine in an amount up to $10,000.", "First (1st) Degree Grand Theft. If the stolen property is valued at $100,000 or more, then the defendant will be charged with 1st Degree Grand Theft, which is a 1st Degree Felony. First degree felonies have a maximum penalty of 30 years in prison and fines of up to $10,000. If the stolen property is valued between $20,000 and $99,999, then the defendant will be charged with 2nd Degree Grand Theft, which is a 2nd Degree Felony. Second degree felonies have a maximum penalty of 15" ], "url": [ "http://www.south-floridaattorney.com/petit-theftgrand-theft/misdemeanor-vs-felony-shoplifting-in-florida/", "http://statelaws.findlaw.com/florida-law/florida-theft-laws.html", "http://www.myfloridadefenselawyer.com/ShopliftingTheftFL/", "http://statelaws.findlaw.com/florida-law/florida-theft-laws.html", "http://statelaws.findlaw.com/florida-law/florida-theft-laws.html", "http://www.myfloridadefenselawyer.com/ShopliftingTheftFL/" ] }

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