microsoft/wiki_qa · Datasets at Hugging Face

question_id stringlengths 2 5	question stringlengths 11 120	document_title stringlengths 2 81	answer stringlengths 2 1.08k	label class label 2 classes
Q1652	who made hubble telescope	Hubble Space Telescope	A aperture telescope in low Earth orbit , Hubble's four main instruments observe in the near ultraviolet , visible , and near infrared .	00
Q1652	who made hubble telescope	Hubble Space Telescope	The telescope is named after the astronomer Edwin Hubble .	00
Q1652	who made hubble telescope	Hubble Space Telescope	Hubble's orbit outside the distortion of Earth's atmosphere allows it to take extremely sharp images with almost no background light.	00
Q1652	who made hubble telescope	Hubble Space Telescope	Hubble's Deep Field have been some of the most detailed visible-light images ever, allowing a deep view into space and time.	00
Q1652	who made hubble telescope	Hubble Space Telescope	Many Hubble observations have led to breakthroughs in astrophysics , such as accurately determining the rate of expansion of the universe .	00
Q1652	who made hubble telescope	Hubble Space Telescope	Although not the first space telescope, Hubble is one of the largest and most versatile, and is well known as both a vital research tool and a public relations boon for astronomy .	00
Q1652	who made hubble telescope	Hubble Space Telescope	The HST was built by the United States space agency NASA , with contributions from the European Space Agency , and is operated by the Space Telescope Science Institute .	11
Q1652	who made hubble telescope	Hubble Space Telescope	The HST is one of NASA's Great Observatories , along with the Compton Gamma Ray Observatory , the Chandra X-ray Observatory , and the Spitzer Space Telescope .	00
Q1652	who made hubble telescope	Hubble Space Telescope	Space telescopes were proposed as early as 1923.	00
Q1652	who made hubble telescope	Hubble Space Telescope	Hubble was funded in the 1970s, with a proposed launch in 1983, but the project was beset by technical delays, budget problems, and the Challenger disaster .	00
Q1652	who made hubble telescope	Hubble Space Telescope	When finally launched in 1990, scientists found that the main mirror had been ground incorrectly, compromising the telescope's capabilities.	00
Q1652	who made hubble telescope	Hubble Space Telescope	The telescope was restored to its intended quality by a servicing mission in 1993.	00
Q1652	who made hubble telescope	Hubble Space Telescope	Hubble is the only telescope designed to be serviced in space by astronauts.	00
Q1652	who made hubble telescope	Hubble Space Telescope	Between 1993 and 2002, four missions repaired, upgraded, and replaced systems on the telescope; a fifth mission was canceled on safety grounds following the Columbia disaster .	00
Q1652	who made hubble telescope	Hubble Space Telescope	However, after spirited public discussion, NASA administrator Mike Griffin approved one final servicing mission , completed in 2009 by Space Shuttle Atlantis .	00
Q1652	who made hubble telescope	Hubble Space Telescope	The telescope is now expected to function until at least 2013.	00
Q1652	who made hubble telescope	Hubble Space Telescope	Its scientific successor, the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), is to be launched in 2018 or possibly later.	00
Q1653	what are anti inflammatories	Anti-inflammatory	Anti-inflammatory refers to the property of a substance or treatment that reduces inflammation .	11
Q1653	what are anti inflammatories	Anti-inflammatory	Anti-inflammatory drugs make up about half of analgesics , remedying pain by reducing inflammation as opposed to opioids , which affect the central nervous system .	00
Q1654	when tonight show first started in 1962 everyone did this on camera	The Tonight Show	The Tonight Show is a US late-night talk show that has aired on NBC since 1954.	00
Q1654	when tonight show first started in 1962 everyone did this on camera	The Tonight Show	It is the longest currently running regularly scheduled entertainment program in the US and the third longest-running show on NBC after Meet the Press and Today .	00
Q1654	when tonight show first started in 1962 everyone did this on camera	The Tonight Show	The Tonight Show was hosted by Steve Allen (1954–1957), Jack Paar (1957–1962), Johnny Carson (1962–1992), Jay Leno (1992–2009, 2010–present), and Conan O'Brien (2009–2010).	00
Q1654	when tonight show first started in 1962 everyone did this on camera	The Tonight Show	Several guest hosts also appeared, particularly during the Paar and Carson eras.	00
Q1654	when tonight show first started in 1962 everyone did this on camera	The Tonight Show	The longest-serving host to date was Johnny Carson, who hosted The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson for 30 seasons from the fall of 1962 through the spring of 1992.	00
Q1654	when tonight show first started in 1962 everyone did this on camera	The Tonight Show	The current host of the show is Jay Leno, who had previously hosted the show from 1992 to 2009 and began his second tenure on March 1, 2010.	00
Q1654	when tonight show first started in 1962 everyone did this on camera	The Tonight Show	On April 3, 2013, NBC announced Jimmy Fallon would become the new host of The Tonight Show.	00
Q1654	when tonight show first started in 1962 everyone did this on camera	The Tonight Show	The Tonight Show with Jimmy Fallon will premiere February 24, 2014, the day after the closing ceremonies of the 2014 Winter Olympics .	00
Q1659	when did andrea doria sink	SS Andrea Doria	SS Andrea Doria .	00
Q1659	when did andrea doria sink	SS Andrea Doria	Pronounced was an ocean liner for the Italian Line (Società di navigazione Italia) home ported in Genoa , Italy, most famous for its sinking in 1956, when 52 people died (51 from immediate impact).	11
Q1659	when did andrea doria sink	SS Andrea Doria	Named after the 16th-century Genoese admiral Andrea Doria , the ship had a gross register tonnage of 29,100 and a capacity of about 1,200 passengers and 500 crew.	00
Q1659	when did andrea doria sink	SS Andrea Doria	For a country attempting to rebuild its economy and reputation after World War II , Andrea Doria was an icon of Italian national pride.	00
Q1659	when did andrea doria sink	SS Andrea Doria	Of all Italy's ships at the time, Andrea Doria was the largest, fastest and supposedly safest.	00
Q1659	when did andrea doria sink	SS Andrea Doria	Launched on 16 June 1951, the ship undertook its maiden voyage on 14 January 1953.	00
Q1659	when did andrea doria sink	SS Andrea Doria	On 25 July 1956, while the Andrea Doria was approaching the coast of Nantucket, Massachusetts , bound for New York City, the eastbound of the Swedish American Line collided with it in what became one of history's most infamous maritime disasters .	00
Q1659	when did andrea doria sink	SS Andrea Doria	Struck in the side, the top-heavy Andrea Doria immediately started to list severely to starboard, which left half of its lifeboats unusable.	00
Q1659	when did andrea doria sink	SS Andrea Doria	The consequent shortage of lifeboats might have resulted in significant loss of life, but the efficiency of the ship's technical design allowed it to stay afloat for over 11 hours after the ramming.	00
Q1659	when did andrea doria sink	SS Andrea Doria	The good behavior of the crew, improvements in communications and the rapid response of other ships averted a disaster similar in scale to that of the in 1912.	00
Q1659	when did andrea doria sink	SS Andrea Doria	1,660 passengers and crew were rescued and survived, while 46 people died as a consequence of the collision.	00
Q1659	when did andrea doria sink	SS Andrea Doria	The evacuated luxury liner capsized and sank the following morning.	00
Q1659	when did andrea doria sink	SS Andrea Doria	This accident remains the worst maritime disaster to occur in United States waters since the sinking of the in 1915.	00
Q1659	when did andrea doria sink	SS Andrea Doria	The incident and its aftermath were heavily covered by the news media.	00
Q1659	when did andrea doria sink	SS Andrea Doria	While the rescue efforts were both successful and commendable, the cause of the collision with the Stockholm and the loss of Andrea Doria generated much interest in the media and many lawsuits.	00
Q1659	when did andrea doria sink	SS Andrea Doria	Largely because of an out-of-court settlement agreement between the two shipping companies during hearings immediately after the disaster, no determination of the cause(s) was ever formally published.	00
Q1659	when did andrea doria sink	SS Andrea Doria	Although greater blame appeared initially to fall on the Italian liner, more recent discoveries have indicated that a misreading of radar on the Swedish ship may have initiated the collision course, leading to errors on both ships.	00
Q1659	when did andrea doria sink	SS Andrea Doria	Andrea Doria was the last major transatlantic passenger vessel to sink before aircraft became the preferred method of travel.	00
Q1660	what are dialysis tubes	Dialysis tubing	Dialysis tubing	00
Q1660	what are dialysis tubes	Dialysis tubing	Dialysis tubing is a type of semi- or partially permeable membrane tubing made from regenerated cellulose or cellophane .	11
Q1660	what are dialysis tubes	Dialysis tubing	It can be used for diffusion with solutes or osmosis if used with water only.	00
Q1660	what are dialysis tubes	Dialysis tubing	Osmosis is when water passes through a semi-permeable layer to reach equilibrium.	00
Q1660	what are dialysis tubes	Dialysis tubing	Diffusion, on the other hand, allows the movement of molecules from high concentration to low concentration.	00
Q1660	what are dialysis tubes	Dialysis tubing	It will only allow molecules to pass through a semi-permeable membrane or layer if the molecule is small enough to fit through the membrane or a membrane's pore.	00
Q1660	what are dialysis tubes	Dialysis tubing	This usually results with the effects of diffusion through a membrane only really affects small molecules, and almost never larger molecules.	00
Q1660	what are dialysis tubes	Dialysis tubing	Dialysis tubing is used in clinical circumstances to ensure a filtered flow of molecules, preventing the flow of larger solute molecules.	00
Q1660	what are dialysis tubes	Dialysis tubing	Small molecules can be "washed" out of a solution which is pumped through the tubing into a solvent, usually water , which surrounds it and in which they can be flushed away.	00
Q1660	what are dialysis tubes	Dialysis tubing	In demonstrations of semi-permeable membranes, a solution containing several types of molecules, usually glucose and starch , is placed into a semi-permeable dialysis bag, such as a cellulose membrane with pores, and the bag is sealed with a knot or elastic band.	00
Q1660	what are dialysis tubes	Dialysis tubing	The sealed dialysis bag is placed in a container of a different solution, or water.	00
Q1660	what are dialysis tubes	Dialysis tubing	Molecules small enough to pass through the tubing (water, salts, monosaccharides , and other small molecules) tend to move into or out of the dialysis bag in the direction of decreasing concentration, therefore displaying diffusion.	00
Q1660	what are dialysis tubes	Dialysis tubing	Larger molecules (such as proteins , or polysaccharides ) that have dimensions significantly greater than the pore diameter are retained inside the dialysis bag.	00
Q1660	what are dialysis tubes	Dialysis tubing	The water and smaller solutes in a hypotonic solution (a solution that has a lesser solute concentration than the solution it is referenced to) will cross a semi-permeable membrane, like dialysis tubing, into a hypertonic solution (a solution that has a higher solute concentration than the solution it is referenced to) in an attempt to reach equilibrium, where the solute concentration of each solution is in equilibrium.	00
Q1663	who invented the thermometer	Thermometer	Mercury laboratory thermometer	00
Q1663	who invented the thermometer	Thermometer	A thermometer (from the Greek , thermos, meaning "hot" and μἐτρον, metron, "measure") is a device that measures temperature or temperature gradient using a variety of different principles.	00
Q1663	who invented the thermometer	Thermometer	A thermometer has two important elements: the temperature sensor (e.g. the bulb on a mercury-in-glass thermometer ) in which some physical change occurs with temperature, plus some means of converting this physical change into a numerical value (e.g. the visible scale that is marked on a mercury-in-glass thermometer).	00
Q1663	who invented the thermometer	Thermometer	There are many types and many uses for thermometers, as detailed below in sections of this article.	00
Q1664	what are the names of the 7 dwarfs	Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937 film)	Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs is a 1937 American animated musical fantasy film produced by Walt Disney and released by RKO Radio Pictures .	00
Q1664	what are the names of the 7 dwarfs	Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937 film)	Based on the German fairy tale by the Brothers Grimm , it is the first full-length cel animated feature film and the earliest in the Walt Disney Animated Classics series.	00
Q1664	what are the names of the 7 dwarfs	Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937 film)	The story was adapted by storyboard artists Dorothy Ann Blank, Richard Creedon, Merrill De Maris , Otto Englander, Earl Hurd , Dick Rickard, Ted Sears and Webb Smith.	00
Q1664	what are the names of the 7 dwarfs	Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937 film)	David Hand was the supervising director, while William Cottrell, Wilfred Jackson , Larry Morey, Perce Pearce, and Ben Sharpsteen directed the film's individual sequences.	00
Q1664	what are the names of the 7 dwarfs	Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937 film)	Snow White premiered at the Carthay Circle Theatre on December 21, 1937, followed by a nationwide release on February 4, 1938, and with international earnings of $8 million during its initial release briefly assumed the record of highest grossing sound film at the time.	00
Q1664	what are the names of the 7 dwarfs	Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937 film)	The popularity of the film has led to it being re-released theatrically many times, until its home video release in the 1990s.	00
Q1664	what are the names of the 7 dwarfs	Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937 film)	Adjusted for inflation , it is one of the top ten performers at the North American box office .	00
Q1664	what are the names of the 7 dwarfs	Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937 film)	At the 11th Academy Awards , Walt Disney was awarded an honorary Oscar, and the film was nominated for Best Musical Score .	00
Q1664	what are the names of the 7 dwarfs	Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937 film)	It was added to the United States National Film Registry in 1989 and is ranked in the American Film Institute 's list of the 100 greatest American films , who also named the film as the greatest American animated film of all time in 2008.	00
Q1664	what are the names of the 7 dwarfs	Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937 film)	Disney's take on the fairy tale has had a big cultural impact, resulting in a popular theme park attraction, a video game , and a Broadway musical .	00
Q1666	what is a cervix childbirth	childbirth	Childbirth, labour, delivery, birth, partus, or parturition is the culmination of a pregnancy period with the expulsion of one or more newborn infants from a woman 's uterus .	00
Q1666	what is a cervix childbirth	childbirth	The process of normal childbirth is categorized in three stages of labour: the shortening and dilation of the cervix , descent and birth of the infant , and birth of the placenta .	00
Q1666	what is a cervix childbirth	childbirth	In many cases and with increasing frequency, childbirth is achieved through induction of labor or caesarean section , which is the removal of the neonate through a surgical incision in the abdomen , rather than through vaginal birth.	00
Q1666	what is a cervix childbirth	childbirth	Childbirth by C-Sections increased 50% in the U.S. from 1996 to 2006, and comprise nearly 32% of births in the U.S. and Canada.	00
Q1666	what is a cervix childbirth	childbirth	With respect to induced labor, more than 22% of women undergo induction of labour in the United States.	00
Q1666	what is a cervix childbirth	childbirth	Medical professional policy makers find that induced births and elective cesarean can be harmful to the fetus and neonate as well as harmful or without benefit to the mother, and have established strict guidelines for non-medically indicated induced births and elective cesarean before 39 weeks.	00
Q1668	What songs were used in the Viva La Bam episode Raab's Russian Mail Order Bride	List of Viva La Bam episodes	Viva La Bam was an MTV & Viva show which followed Bam Margera and his crew as they undertook challenges, performed stunts and traveled the world.	00
Q1668	What songs were used in the Viva La Bam episode Raab's Russian Mail Order Bride	List of Viva La Bam episodes	The show ran for 5 seasons between 2003 and 2005.	00
Q1669	when flushed away came out on dvd	Flushed Away	Flushed Away is a 2006 British/American computer animated action / adventure comedy film directed by David Bowers and Sam Fell .	00
Q1669	when flushed away came out on dvd	Flushed Away	It was made in the partnership between Aardman Animations and DreamWorks Animation , and is Aardman's first completely computer-animated feature as opposed to the usual stop-motion .	00
Q1669	when flushed away came out on dvd	Flushed Away	The film stars the voice talents of Hugh Jackman , Kate Winslet , Andy Serkis , Bill Nighy , Ian McKellen , Shane Richie and Jean Reno .	00
Q1669	when flushed away came out on dvd	Flushed Away	The story was by Sam Fell, Peter Lord , Dick Clement , and Ian La Frenais , and the screenplay was written by Dick Clement, Ian La Frenais, Christopher Lloyd , Joe Keenan, and William Davies .	00
Q1669	when flushed away came out on dvd	Flushed Away	The film was released in US on 3 November 2006, and in UK on December 1 2006, and was distributed by Paramount Pictures , except for Switzerland, Spain, and the Netherlands, which were handled by Universal Pictures .	00
Q1670	when did boston braves move	Atlanta Braves	The Atlanta Braves are a professional baseball team based in Atlanta .	00
Q1670	when did boston braves move	Atlanta Braves	The Braves are a member of the Eastern Division of Major League Baseball 's National League .	00
Q1670	when did boston braves move	Atlanta Braves	The Braves have played in Turner Field since 1997.	00
Q1670	when did boston braves move	Atlanta Braves	The "Braves" name, which was first used in 1912, originates from a term for a Native American warrior.	00
Q1670	when did boston braves move	Atlanta Braves	They are nicknamed "the Bravos", and often referred to as " America's Team " in reference to the team's games being broadcast on the nationally available TBS from the 1970s until 2007, gaining a wide fanbase.	00
Q1670	when did boston braves move	Atlanta Braves	From 1991 to 2005 the Braves were one of the most successful franchises in baseball, winning division titles an unprecedented 14 consecutive times in that period (omitting the strike-shortened 1994 season in which there were no official division champions).	00
Q1670	when did boston braves move	Atlanta Braves	The Braves won the NL West 1991–93 and the NL East 1995–2005, and returned to the playoffs as the National League Wild Card in 2010.	00
Q1670	when did boston braves move	Atlanta Braves	The Braves advanced to the World Series five times in the 1990s, winning the title in 1995.	00
Q1670	when did boston braves move	Atlanta Braves	Since their debut in the National League in 1876, the franchise has won 16 divisional titles, 17 National League pennants , as well as three World Series championships—in 1914 as the Boston Braves, in 1957 as the Milwaukee Braves, and in 1995 in Atlanta.	00
Q1670	when did boston braves move	Atlanta Braves	The Braves are the only MLB franchise to have won the World Series in three different home cities.	00
Q1670	when did boston braves move	Atlanta Braves	The club is one of the National League's two remaining charter franchises (the other being the Chicago Cubs ) and was founded in Boston, Massachusetts , in 1871 as the Boston Red Stockings (not to be confused with the American League's Boston Red Sox ).	00
Q1670	when did boston braves move	Atlanta Braves	They are considered "the oldest continuously playing team in major North American sports ."	00
Q1670	when did boston braves move	Atlanta Braves	There is an argument as to who is actually older because although the Cubs are a full season "older" (formed as the Chicago White Stockings in 1870) Chicago lost two seasons to the Great Chicago Fire , thus the Braves have played more consecutive seasons.	00
Q1670	when did boston braves move	Atlanta Braves	After various name changes (such as the Boston Beaneaters), the team operated as the Boston Braves for most of the first half of the 20th century.	00

Q1652

who made hubble telescope

Hubble Space Telescope

A aperture telescope in low Earth orbit , Hubble's four main instruments observe in the near ultraviolet , visible , and near infrared .

00

Q1652

who made hubble telescope

Hubble Space Telescope

The telescope is named after the astronomer Edwin Hubble .

00

Q1652

who made hubble telescope

Hubble Space Telescope

Hubble's orbit outside the distortion of Earth's atmosphere allows it to take extremely sharp images with almost no background light.

00

Q1652

who made hubble telescope

Hubble Space Telescope

Hubble's Deep Field have been some of the most detailed visible-light images ever, allowing a deep view into space and time.

00

Q1652

who made hubble telescope

Hubble Space Telescope

Many Hubble observations have led to breakthroughs in astrophysics , such as accurately determining the rate of expansion of the universe .

00

Q1652

who made hubble telescope

Hubble Space Telescope

Although not the first space telescope, Hubble is one of the largest and most versatile, and is well known as both a vital research tool and a public relations boon for astronomy .

00

Q1652

who made hubble telescope

Hubble Space Telescope

The HST was built by the United States space agency NASA , with contributions from the European Space Agency , and is operated by the Space Telescope Science Institute .

11

Q1652

who made hubble telescope

Hubble Space Telescope

The HST is one of NASA's Great Observatories , along with the Compton Gamma Ray Observatory , the Chandra X-ray Observatory , and the Spitzer Space Telescope .

00

Q1652

who made hubble telescope

Hubble Space Telescope

Space telescopes were proposed as early as 1923.

00

Q1652

who made hubble telescope

Hubble Space Telescope

Hubble was funded in the 1970s, with a proposed launch in 1983, but the project was beset by technical delays, budget problems, and the Challenger disaster .

00

Q1652

who made hubble telescope

Hubble Space Telescope

When finally launched in 1990, scientists found that the main mirror had been ground incorrectly, compromising the telescope's capabilities.

00

Q1652

who made hubble telescope

Hubble Space Telescope

The telescope was restored to its intended quality by a servicing mission in 1993.

00

Q1652

who made hubble telescope

Hubble Space Telescope

Hubble is the only telescope designed to be serviced in space by astronauts.

00

Q1652

who made hubble telescope

Hubble Space Telescope

Between 1993 and 2002, four missions repaired, upgraded, and replaced systems on the telescope; a fifth mission was canceled on safety grounds following the Columbia disaster .

00

Q1652

who made hubble telescope

Hubble Space Telescope

However, after spirited public discussion, NASA administrator Mike Griffin approved one final servicing mission , completed in 2009 by Space Shuttle Atlantis .

00

Q1652

who made hubble telescope

Hubble Space Telescope

The telescope is now expected to function until at least 2013.

00

Q1652

who made hubble telescope

Hubble Space Telescope

Its scientific successor, the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), is to be launched in 2018 or possibly later.

00

Q1653

what are anti inflammatories

Anti-inflammatory

Anti-inflammatory refers to the property of a substance or treatment that reduces inflammation .

11

Q1653

what are anti inflammatories

Anti-inflammatory

Anti-inflammatory drugs make up about half of analgesics , remedying pain by reducing inflammation as opposed to opioids , which affect the central nervous system .

00

Q1654

when tonight show first started in 1962 everyone did this on camera

The Tonight Show

The Tonight Show is a US late-night talk show that has aired on NBC since 1954.

00

Q1654

when tonight show first started in 1962 everyone did this on camera

The Tonight Show

It is the longest currently running regularly scheduled entertainment program in the US and the third longest-running show on NBC after Meet the Press and Today .

00

Q1654

when tonight show first started in 1962 everyone did this on camera

The Tonight Show

The Tonight Show was hosted by Steve Allen (1954–1957), Jack Paar (1957–1962), Johnny Carson (1962–1992), Jay Leno (1992–2009, 2010–present), and Conan O'Brien (2009–2010).

00

Q1654

when tonight show first started in 1962 everyone did this on camera

The Tonight Show

Several guest hosts also appeared, particularly during the Paar and Carson eras.

00

Q1654

when tonight show first started in 1962 everyone did this on camera

The Tonight Show

The longest-serving host to date was Johnny Carson, who hosted The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson for 30 seasons from the fall of 1962 through the spring of 1992.

00

Q1654

when tonight show first started in 1962 everyone did this on camera

The Tonight Show

The current host of the show is Jay Leno, who had previously hosted the show from 1992 to 2009 and began his second tenure on March 1, 2010.

00

Q1654

when tonight show first started in 1962 everyone did this on camera

The Tonight Show

On April 3, 2013, NBC announced Jimmy Fallon would become the new host of The Tonight Show.

00

Q1654

when tonight show first started in 1962 everyone did this on camera

The Tonight Show

The Tonight Show with Jimmy Fallon will premiere February 24, 2014, the day after the closing ceremonies of the 2014 Winter Olympics .

00

Q1659

when did andrea doria sink

SS Andrea Doria

SS Andrea Doria .

00

Q1659

when did andrea doria sink

SS Andrea Doria

Pronounced was an ocean liner for the Italian Line (Società di navigazione Italia) home ported in Genoa , Italy, most famous for its sinking in 1956, when 52 people died (51 from immediate impact).

11

Q1659

when did andrea doria sink

SS Andrea Doria

Named after the 16th-century Genoese admiral Andrea Doria , the ship had a gross register tonnage of 29,100 and a capacity of about 1,200 passengers and 500 crew.

00

Q1659

when did andrea doria sink

SS Andrea Doria

For a country attempting to rebuild its economy and reputation after World War II , Andrea Doria was an icon of Italian national pride.

00

Q1659

when did andrea doria sink

SS Andrea Doria

Of all Italy's ships at the time, Andrea Doria was the largest, fastest and supposedly safest.

00

Q1659

when did andrea doria sink

SS Andrea Doria

Launched on 16 June 1951, the ship undertook its maiden voyage on 14 January 1953.

00

Q1659

when did andrea doria sink

SS Andrea Doria

On 25 July 1956, while the Andrea Doria was approaching the coast of Nantucket, Massachusetts , bound for New York City, the eastbound of the Swedish American Line collided with it in what became one of history's most infamous maritime disasters .

00

Q1659

when did andrea doria sink

SS Andrea Doria

Struck in the side, the top-heavy Andrea Doria immediately started to list severely to starboard, which left half of its lifeboats unusable.

00

Q1659

when did andrea doria sink

SS Andrea Doria

The consequent shortage of lifeboats might have resulted in significant loss of life, but the efficiency of the ship's technical design allowed it to stay afloat for over 11 hours after the ramming.

00

Q1659

when did andrea doria sink

SS Andrea Doria

The good behavior of the crew, improvements in communications and the rapid response of other ships averted a disaster similar in scale to that of the in 1912.

00

Q1659

when did andrea doria sink

SS Andrea Doria

1,660 passengers and crew were rescued and survived, while 46 people died as a consequence of the collision.

00

Q1659

when did andrea doria sink

SS Andrea Doria

The evacuated luxury liner capsized and sank the following morning.

00

Q1659

when did andrea doria sink

SS Andrea Doria

This accident remains the worst maritime disaster to occur in United States waters since the sinking of the in 1915.

00

Q1659

when did andrea doria sink

SS Andrea Doria

The incident and its aftermath were heavily covered by the news media.

00

Q1659

when did andrea doria sink

SS Andrea Doria

While the rescue efforts were both successful and commendable, the cause of the collision with the Stockholm and the loss of Andrea Doria generated much interest in the media and many lawsuits.

00

Q1659

when did andrea doria sink

SS Andrea Doria

Largely because of an out-of-court settlement agreement between the two shipping companies during hearings immediately after the disaster, no determination of the cause(s) was ever formally published.

00

Q1659

when did andrea doria sink

SS Andrea Doria

Although greater blame appeared initially to fall on the Italian liner, more recent discoveries have indicated that a misreading of radar on the Swedish ship may have initiated the collision course, leading to errors on both ships.

00

Q1659

when did andrea doria sink

SS Andrea Doria

Andrea Doria was the last major transatlantic passenger vessel to sink before aircraft became the preferred method of travel.

00

Q1660

what are dialysis tubes

Dialysis tubing

00

Q1660

what are dialysis tubes

Dialysis tubing

Dialysis tubing is a type of semi- or partially permeable membrane tubing made from regenerated cellulose or cellophane .

11

Q1660

what are dialysis tubes

Dialysis tubing

It can be used for diffusion with solutes or osmosis if used with water only.

00

Q1660

what are dialysis tubes

Dialysis tubing

Osmosis is when water passes through a semi-permeable layer to reach equilibrium.

00

Q1660

what are dialysis tubes

Dialysis tubing

Diffusion, on the other hand, allows the movement of molecules from high concentration to low concentration.

00

Q1660

what are dialysis tubes

Dialysis tubing

It will only allow molecules to pass through a semi-permeable membrane or layer if the molecule is small enough to fit through the membrane or a membrane's pore.

00

Q1660

what are dialysis tubes

Dialysis tubing

This usually results with the effects of diffusion through a membrane only really affects small molecules, and almost never larger molecules.

00

Q1660

what are dialysis tubes

Dialysis tubing

Dialysis tubing is used in clinical circumstances to ensure a filtered flow of molecules, preventing the flow of larger solute molecules.

00

Q1660

what are dialysis tubes

Dialysis tubing

Small molecules can be "washed" out of a solution which is pumped through the tubing into a solvent, usually water , which surrounds it and in which they can be flushed away.

00

Q1660

what are dialysis tubes

Dialysis tubing

In demonstrations of semi-permeable membranes, a solution containing several types of molecules, usually glucose and starch , is placed into a semi-permeable dialysis bag, such as a cellulose membrane with pores, and the bag is sealed with a knot or elastic band.

00

Q1660

what are dialysis tubes

Dialysis tubing

The sealed dialysis bag is placed in a container of a different solution, or water.

00

Q1660

what are dialysis tubes

Dialysis tubing

Molecules small enough to pass through the tubing (water, salts, monosaccharides , and other small molecules) tend to move into or out of the dialysis bag in the direction of decreasing concentration, therefore displaying diffusion.

00

Q1660

what are dialysis tubes

Dialysis tubing

Larger molecules (such as proteins , or polysaccharides ) that have dimensions significantly greater than the pore diameter are retained inside the dialysis bag.

00

Q1660

what are dialysis tubes

Dialysis tubing

The water and smaller solutes in a hypotonic solution (a solution that has a lesser solute concentration than the solution it is referenced to) will cross a semi-permeable membrane, like dialysis tubing, into a hypertonic solution (a solution that has a higher solute concentration than the solution it is referenced to) in an attempt to reach equilibrium, where the solute concentration of each solution is in equilibrium.

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Q1663

who invented the thermometer

Thermometer

Mercury laboratory thermometer

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Q1663

who invented the thermometer

Thermometer

A thermometer (from the Greek , thermos, meaning "hot" and μἐτρον, metron, "measure") is a device that measures temperature or temperature gradient using a variety of different principles.

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Q1663

who invented the thermometer

Thermometer

A thermometer has two important elements: the temperature sensor (e.g. the bulb on a mercury-in-glass thermometer ) in which some physical change occurs with temperature, plus some means of converting this physical change into a numerical value (e.g. the visible scale that is marked on a mercury-in-glass thermometer).

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Q1663

who invented the thermometer

Thermometer

There are many types and many uses for thermometers, as detailed below in sections of this article.

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Q1664

what are the names of the 7 dwarfs