question_id
stringlengths 2
5
| question
stringlengths 11
120
| document_title
stringlengths 2
81
| answer
stringlengths 2
1.08k
| label
class label 2
classes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Q50 | how long was richard nixon a president | Richard Nixon | He waged an unsuccessful presidential campaign in 1960 , narrowly losing to John F. Kennedy , and lost a race for Governor of California in 1962 . | 00
|
Q50 | how long was richard nixon a president | Richard Nixon | In 1968, he ran again for the presidency and was elected . | 00
|
Q50 | how long was richard nixon a president | Richard Nixon | Although Nixon initially escalated America's involvement in the Vietnam War , he subsequently ended U.S. involvement in 1973. | 00
|
Q50 | how long was richard nixon a president | Richard Nixon | Nixon's visit to the People's Republic of China in 1972 opened diplomatic relations between the two nations, and he initiated détente and the Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty with the Soviet Union the same year. | 00
|
Q50 | how long was richard nixon a president | Richard Nixon | Domestically, his administration generally embraced policies that transferred power from Washington to the states. | 00
|
Q50 | how long was richard nixon a president | Richard Nixon | Among other things, he launched initiatives to fight cancer and illegal drugs , imposed wage and price controls, enforced desegregation of some Southern schools, and established the Environmental Protection Agency . | 00
|
Q50 | how long was richard nixon a president | Richard Nixon | Though he presided over the lunar landings beginning with Apollo 11 , he scaled back manned space exploration. | 00
|
Q50 | how long was richard nixon a president | Richard Nixon | He was re-elected by a landslide in 1972. | 00
|
Q50 | how long was richard nixon a president | Richard Nixon | Nixon's second term saw an Arab oil embargo , the resignation of his vice president, Spiro Agnew , and a continuing series of revelations about the Watergate scandal and other misconduct by members of the administration. | 00
|
Q50 | how long was richard nixon a president | Richard Nixon | The scandal escalated, costing Nixon much of his political support, and on August 9, 1974, he resigned in the face of almost certain impeachment and removal from office. | 00
|
Q50 | how long was richard nixon a president | Richard Nixon | After his resignation, he controversially received a pardon issued by his successor, Gerald Ford . | 00
|
Q50 | how long was richard nixon a president | Richard Nixon | In retirement, Nixon's work as an elder statesman , authoring several books and undertaking many foreign trips, helped to rehabilitate his public image. | 00
|
Q50 | how long was richard nixon a president | Richard Nixon | He suffered a debilitating stroke on April 18, 1994, and died four days later at the age of 81. | 00
|
Q51 | how did bleeding sumner lead to the civil war | Charles Sumner | {{Infobox Senator | 00
|
Q51 | how did bleeding sumner lead to the civil war | Charles Sumner | The Dominican Republic annexation treaty caused bitter contention between President Grant and Sen. Sumner. | 00
|
Q51 | how did bleeding sumner lead to the civil war | Charles Sumner | Brady 1869]] | 00
|
Q51 | how did bleeding sumner lead to the civil war | Charles Sumner | Sen. Sumner, opposed to American imperialism in the Caribbean and fearful that annexation would lead to the conquest of the neighboring black republic of Haiti, became convinced that corruption lay behind the treaty, and that men close to the president shared in the corruption. | 00
|
Q51 | how did bleeding sumner lead to the civil war | Charles Sumner | As chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, Sen. Sumner initially withheld his opinion on the treaty on January 18, 1870. | 00
|
Q51 | how did bleeding sumner lead to the civil war | Charles Sumner | Sen. Sumner had been leaked information from Assistant Secretary of State, Bancroft Davis , that U.S. Naval ships were being used to protect President Báez. | 00
|
Q51 | how did bleeding sumner lead to the civil war | Charles Sumner | Sen. Sumner's committee voted against annexation and at Sen. Sumner’s suggestion and quite possibly to save the party from an ugly fight or the president from embarrassment, the Senate held its debate of the treaty behind closed doors in executive session. | 00
|
Q51 | how did bleeding sumner lead to the civil war | Charles Sumner | President Grant persisted and sent messages to Congress in favor of annexation on March 14, 1870, and May 31, 1870. | 00
|
Q51 | how did bleeding sumner lead to the civil war | Charles Sumner | In closed session, Sen. Sumner spoke out against the treaty; warnng that there would be difficulty with the foreign nationals, noting the chronic rebellion that took place on the island, and the risk that the independence of Haiti, recognized by the United States in 1862, would be lost. | 00
|
Q51 | how did bleeding sumner lead to the civil war | Charles Sumner | Sumner stated that Grant's use of the U.S. Navy as a protectorate was a violation of International law and unconstitutional. | 00
|
Q51 | how did bleeding sumner lead to the civil war | Charles Sumner | Finally, on June 30, 1870 the treaty was voted on by the Senate and failed to gain the required 2/3 majority for treaty passage. | 00
|
Q51 | how did bleeding sumner lead to the civil war | Charles Sumner | The following day, President Grant, feeling betrayed by Sen. Sumner, retaliated by ordering the dismissal of Sumner’s close friend J. Lothrop Motley , Ambassador to Britain. | 00
|
Q51 | how did bleeding sumner lead to the civil war | Charles Sumner | By autumn, Sumner's personal hostility to the president was public knowledge, and he blamed the Secretary of State for failing to have resigned, rather than let Grant have his way. | 00
|
Q51 | how did bleeding sumner lead to the civil war | Charles Sumner | The two men, friends until then, cooled into bitter enemies. | 00
|
Q51 | how did bleeding sumner lead to the civil war | Charles Sumner | In December, 1870, still fearful that Grant meant to acquire Santo Domingo somehow, Sumner gave a fiercely critical speech accusing the president of usurpation and Babcock of unethical conduct. | 00
|
Q51 | how did bleeding sumner lead to the civil war | Charles Sumner | Already, President Grant, supported by his Secretary of State Hamilton Fish , had initiated a campaign to depose Sumner from the chairmanship of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee. | 00
|
Q51 | how did bleeding sumner lead to the civil war | Charles Sumner | Although Sumner stated he was an "Administration man", in addition to having stopped Grant's Dominican Republic treaty attempt, Sumner had defeated Grant's full repeal of the Tenure of Office Act , blocked Grant's nomination of Alexander Stewart to U.S. Secretary of Treasury, and been a constant harassing force pushing Reconstruction policies faster than Grant had been willing to go. | 00
|
Q51 | how did bleeding sumner lead to the civil war | Charles Sumner | Grant resented Sumner's superiority of manner, as well. | 00
|
Q51 | how did bleeding sumner lead to the civil war | Charles Sumner | Told once that Sumner did not believe in the Bible, the president is supposed to have said that he was not surprised: "he didn't write it." | 00
|
Q51 | how did bleeding sumner lead to the civil war | Charles Sumner | As the rift between Grant and Sumner increased, Sumner’s health began to decline. | 00
|
Q51 | how did bleeding sumner lead to the civil war | Charles Sumner | When the 42nd U.S. Congress convened on March 4, 1871, Senators affiliated with President Grant, known as ‘’New Radicals’’ voted to oust Sen. Sumner from the Senate Foreign Relations Committee chairmanship. | 00
|
Q52 | how are business ethics different in Africa and United States | Business ethics | Business ethics (also corporate ethics) is a form of applied ethics or professional ethics that examines ethical principles and moral or ethical problems that arise in a business environment. | 00
|
Q52 | how are business ethics different in Africa and United States | Business ethics | It applies to all aspects of business conduct and is relevant to the conduct of individuals and entire organizations. | 00
|
Q52 | how are business ethics different in Africa and United States | Business ethics | Business ethics has both normative and descriptive dimensions. | 00
|
Q52 | how are business ethics different in Africa and United States | Business ethics | As a corporate practice and a career specialization, the field is primarily normative. | 00
|
Q52 | how are business ethics different in Africa and United States | Business ethics | Academics attempting to understand business behavior employ descriptive methods. | 00
|
Q52 | how are business ethics different in Africa and United States | Business ethics | The range and quantity of business ethical issues reflects the interaction of profit-maximizing behavior with non-economic concerns. | 00
|
Q52 | how are business ethics different in Africa and United States | Business ethics | Interest in business ethics accelerated dramatically during the 1980s and 1990s, both within major corporations and within academia. | 00
|
Q52 | how are business ethics different in Africa and United States | Business ethics | For example, today most major corporations promote their commitment to non-economic values under headings such as ethics codes and social responsibility charters. | 00
|
Q52 | how are business ethics different in Africa and United States | Business ethics | Adam Smith said, "People of the same trade seldom meet together, even for merriment and diversion, but the conversation ends in a conspiracy against the public, or in some contrivance to raise prices." | 00
|
Q52 | how are business ethics different in Africa and United States | Business ethics | Governments use laws and regulations to point business behavior in what they perceive to be beneficial directions. | 00
|
Q52 | how are business ethics different in Africa and United States | Business ethics | Ethics implicitly regulates areas and details of behavior that lie beyond governmental control. | 00
|
Q52 | how are business ethics different in Africa and United States | Business ethics | The emergence of large corporations with limited relationships and sensitivity to the communities in which they operate accelerated the development of formal ethics regimes. | 00
|
Q53 | how bad burns go to burn center | Burn | A burn is a type of injury to flesh or skin caused by heat , electricity , chemicals , friction , or radiation . | 00
|
Q53 | how bad burns go to burn center | Burn | Most burns affect only the superficial skin (known as superficial or first degree) or extend into the deeper skin but do not involve the full thickness of the skin (known as partial thickness or second degree). | 00
|
Q53 | how bad burns go to burn center | Burn | Rarely all layers of the skin or deeper tissues, such as muscle or bone can be injured in which case the burn is either full thickness (third degree) or fourth degree. | 00
|
Q53 | how bad burns go to burn center | Burn | The treatment required depends on the severity of the burn. | 00
|
Q53 | how bad burns go to burn center | Burn | Superficial burns maybe managed with little more than simple pain killers while major burns may require prolonged treatment in specialized burn centers . | 00
|
Q53 | how bad burns go to burn center | Burn | Cooling with tap water may aid pain and decrease damage however if exposure is prolonged it may result in low body temperature . | 00
|
Q53 | how bad burns go to burn center | Burn | Partial thickness burns may require cleaning with soap and water followed by dressings. | 00
|
Q53 | how bad burns go to burn center | Burn | Blisters should typically be left unbroken. | 00
|
Q53 | how bad burns go to burn center | Burn | Full thickness burns usually require surgical treatments such as skin grafting and extensive burns often require large amount of intravenous fluids . | 00
|
Q53 | how bad burns go to burn center | Burn | The most common complications of burns are related to infection . | 00
|
Q53 | how bad burns go to burn center | Burn | While large burns can be fatal, modern treatments developed in the last 50 years have significantly improved the outcomes, especially in children and young adults. | 00
|
Q53 | how bad burns go to burn center | Burn | Globally about 11 million people seek medical treatment and 300,000 people die from burns. | 00
|
Q53 | how bad burns go to burn center | Burn | In the United States, of those admitted to a burn center , approximately 4% die from their injuries. | 00
|
Q53 | how bad burns go to burn center | Burn | The long term outcome is primarily related to the size of burn and the age of the person effected. | 00
|
Q55 | how deep is the atlantic ocean | Atlantic Ocean | The Atlantic Ocean, not including Arctic and Antarctic regions | 00
|
Q55 | how deep is the atlantic ocean | Atlantic Ocean | This video was taken by the crew of Expedition 29 on board the ISS . | 00
|
Q55 | how deep is the atlantic ocean | Atlantic Ocean | The pass starts from just north-east of the Island of Newfoundland over the North Atlantic Ocean to central Africa, over South Sudan. | 00
|
Q55 | how deep is the atlantic ocean | Atlantic Ocean | The Atlantic Ocean is the second-largest of the world's oceanic divisions. | 00
|
Q55 | how deep is the atlantic ocean | Atlantic Ocean | With a total area of about , it covers approximately 20 percent of the Earth 's surface and about 29 percent of its water surface area. | 00
|
Q55 | how deep is the atlantic ocean | Atlantic Ocean | The first part of its name refers to Atlas of Greek mythology , making the Atlantic the "Sea of Atlas". | 00
|
Q55 | how deep is the atlantic ocean | Atlantic Ocean | The oldest known mention of "Atlantic" is in The Histories of Herodotus around 450 BC (Hdt. 1.202.4): Atlantis thalassa (Greek: Ἀτλαντὶς θάλασσα; English: Sea of Atlas). | 00
|
Q55 | how deep is the atlantic ocean | Atlantic Ocean | The term Ethiopic Ocean, derived from Ethiopia , was applied to the southern Atlantic as late as the mid-19th century. | 00
|
Q55 | how deep is the atlantic ocean | Atlantic Ocean | Before Europeans discovered other oceans, the term "ocean" itself was synonymous with the waters beyond the Strait of Gibraltar that we now know as the Atlantic. | 00
|
Q55 | how deep is the atlantic ocean | Atlantic Ocean | The early Greeks believed this ocean to be a gigantic river encircling the world . | 00
|
Q55 | how deep is the atlantic ocean | Atlantic Ocean | The Atlantic Ocean occupies an elongated, S-shaped basin extending longitudinally between Eurasia and Africa to the east, and the Americas to the west. | 00
|
Q55 | how deep is the atlantic ocean | Atlantic Ocean | As one component of the interconnected global ocean , it is connected in the north to the Arctic Ocean (which is sometimes considered a sea of the Atlantic), to the Pacific Ocean in the southwest, the Indian Ocean in the southeast, and the Southern Ocean in the south. | 00
|
Q55 | how deep is the atlantic ocean | Atlantic Ocean | (Other definitions describe the Atlantic as extending southward to Antarctica .) | 00
|
Q55 | how deep is the atlantic ocean | Atlantic Ocean | The equator subdivides it into the North Atlantic Ocean and South Atlantic Ocean. | 00
|
Q56 | how are storm names determined? | Lists of tropical cyclone names | Due to their long-term persistence, and the need for a unique identifier in issuing forecasts and warnings, tropical cyclones and subtropical cyclones are given names according to policy (see Tropical cyclone naming ). | 00
|
Q56 | how are storm names determined? | Lists of tropical cyclone names | The following are lists from which these tropical and subtropical cyclone names are derived. | 00
|
Q58 | how big or small a visible light can get | Visible spectrum | White light is dispersed by a prism into the colors of the optical spectrum. | 00
|
Q58 | how big or small a visible light can get | Visible spectrum | The visible spectrum is the portion of the electromagnetic spectrum that is visible to (can be detected by) the human eye . | 00
|
Q58 | how big or small a visible light can get | Visible spectrum | Electromagnetic radiation in this range of wavelengths is called visible light or simply light . | 00
|
Q58 | how big or small a visible light can get | Visible spectrum | A typical human eye will respond to wavelengths from about 390 to 700 nm . | 00
|
Q58 | how big or small a visible light can get | Visible spectrum | In terms of frequency, this corresponds to a band in the vicinity of 430–790 THz . | 00
|
Q58 | how big or small a visible light can get | Visible spectrum | A light-adapted eye generally has its maximum sensitivity at around 555 nm (540 THz), in the green region of the optical spectrum (see: luminosity function ). | 00
|
Q58 | how big or small a visible light can get | Visible spectrum | The spectrum does not, however, contain all the colors that the human eyes and brain can distinguish. | 00
|
Q58 | how big or small a visible light can get | Visible spectrum | Unsaturated colors such as pink , or purple variations such as magenta , are absent, for example, because they can be made only by a mix of multiple wavelengths. | 00
|
Q58 | how big or small a visible light can get | Visible spectrum | Colors containing only one wavelength are also called pure colors . | 00
|
Q58 | how big or small a visible light can get | Visible spectrum | Visible wavelengths pass through the " optical window ", the region of the electromagnetic spectrum which allows wavelengths to pass largely unattenuated through the Earth's atmosphere . | 00
|
Q58 | how big or small a visible light can get | Visible spectrum | An example of this phenomenon is that clean air scatters blue light more than red wavelengths, and so the midday sky appears blue. | 00
|
Q58 | how big or small a visible light can get | Visible spectrum | The optical window is also called the visible window because it overlaps the human visible response spectrum. | 00
|
Q58 | how big or small a visible light can get | Visible spectrum | The near infrared (NIR) window lies just out of the human vision, as well as the Medium Wavelength IR (MWIR) window and the Long Wavelength or Far Infrared (LWIR or FIR) window though other animals may experience them. | 00
|
Q58 | how big or small a visible light can get | Visible spectrum | Many species can see light with frequencies outside the "visible spectrum," which is defined in terms of human vision. | 00
|
Q58 | how big or small a visible light can get | Visible spectrum | Bees and many other insects can detect ultraviolet light, which helps them find nectar in flowers. | 00
|
Q58 | how big or small a visible light can get | Visible spectrum | Plant species that depend on insect pollination may owe reproductive success to their appearance in ultraviolet light, rather than how colorful they appear to humans. | 00
|
Q58 | how big or small a visible light can get | Visible spectrum | Birds, too, can see into the ultraviolet (300–400 nm), and some have sex-dependent markings on their plumage that are visible only in the ultraviolet range. | 00
|
Q58 | how big or small a visible light can get | Visible spectrum | Many animals that can see into the ultraviolet range, however, cannot see red light or any other reddish wavelengths. | 00
|
Q58 | how big or small a visible light can get | Visible spectrum | Bees' visible spectrum ends at about 590nm, just before the orange wavelengths start. | 00
|
Q58 | how big or small a visible light can get | Visible spectrum | Birds, however, can see some red wavelengths, but not as many as humans. | 00
|
Q60 | how big are baby zebras when born | Zebra | Zebras ( or ) are several species of African equids (horse family) united by their distinctive black and white stripes. | 00
|
Q60 | how big are baby zebras when born | Zebra | Their stripes come in different patterns, unique to each individual. | 00
|
Q60 | how big are baby zebras when born | Zebra | They are generally social animals that live in small harems to large herds . | 00
|
Q60 | how big are baby zebras when born | Zebra | Unlike their closest relatives, horses and asses , zebras have never been truly domesticated . | 00
|
Subsets and Splits