microsoft/wiki_qa · Datasets at Hugging Face

question_id stringlengths 2 5	question stringlengths 11 120	document_title stringlengths 2 81	answer stringlengths 2 1.08k	label class label 2 classes
Q623	What did the Supreme Court determine in Dred Scott v. Sandford?	Dred Scott v. Sandford	The decision was 7–2, and every Justice besides Taney wrote a separate concurrence or dissent.	00
Q623	What did the Supreme Court determine in Dred Scott v. Sandford?	Dred Scott v. Sandford	For the first time since Marbury v. Madison , the Court held an Act of Congress to be unconstitutional.	00
Q623	What did the Supreme Court determine in Dred Scott v. Sandford?	Dred Scott v. Sandford	Dred Scott , an African-American slave, had asked a United States Circuit Court to award him his freedom because he and his master had resided in a state ( Illinois ) and a territory ( Wisconsin Territory ) where slavery had been banned.	00
Q623	What did the Supreme Court determine in Dred Scott v. Sandford?	Dred Scott v. Sandford	Chief Justice Roger Taney , writing for the court, held that Scott, as a person of African ancestry, was not a citizen of the United States and therefore had no right to sue in federal court.	00
Q623	What did the Supreme Court determine in Dred Scott v. Sandford?	Dred Scott v. Sandford	This holding was contrary to the practice of numerous states at the time, particularly Free states , where free blacks did in fact enjoy the rights of citizens, such as the right to vote and hold public office.	00
Q623	What did the Supreme Court determine in Dred Scott v. Sandford?	Dred Scott v. Sandford	In what is sometimes considered mere obiter dictum , the Court went on to hold that Congress had no authority to prohibit slavery in federal territories because slaves are personal property and the Fifth Amendment to the Constitution protects property owners against deprivation of their property without due process of law .	00
Q623	What did the Supreme Court determine in Dred Scott v. Sandford?	Dred Scott v. Sandford	In reaching this decision, Taney had hoped to settle the growing controversy surrounding slavery in the United States, but it had the opposite effect.	00
Q623	What did the Supreme Court determine in Dred Scott v. Sandford?	Dred Scott v. Sandford	The decision was fiercely debated across the country, as perhaps best exemplified by the Lincoln–Douglas debates of 1858.	00
Q623	What did the Supreme Court determine in Dred Scott v. Sandford?	Dred Scott v. Sandford	Abraham Lincoln , the second-ever Republican nominee for President, was able to win the presidential election in 1860 ; the stopping of the further expansion of slavery was a key Republican party plank.	00
Q623	What did the Supreme Court determine in Dred Scott v. Sandford?	Dred Scott v. Sandford	The decision played an important role in the timing of state secession and the Civil War, although it is extreme to say the decision "caused" the war.	00
Q623	What did the Supreme Court determine in Dred Scott v. Sandford?	Dred Scott v. Sandford	The decision is acknowledged for the influential role it played in altering the national political landscape: it is credited with launching Abraham Lincoln’s national political career and ultimately allowing for his election.	00
Q623	What did the Supreme Court determine in Dred Scott v. Sandford?	Dred Scott v. Sandford	Although the Supreme Court has never explicitly overruled the Dred Scott case, the Court stated in the Slaughter-House Cases that at least one part of it had already been overruled by the Fourteenth Amendment in 1868, which begins by stating, "All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside."	00
Q623	What did the Supreme Court determine in Dred Scott v. Sandford?	Dred Scott v. Sandford	To which the Court noted:	00
Q623	What did the Supreme Court determine in Dred Scott v. Sandford?	Dred Scott v. Sandford	The first observation we have to make on this clause is, that it puts at rest both the questions which we stated to have been the subject of differences of opinion.	00
Q623	What did the Supreme Court determine in Dred Scott v. Sandford?	Dred Scott v. Sandford	It declares that persons may be citizens of the United States without regard to their citizenship of a particular State, and it overturns the Dred Scott decision by making all persons born within the United States and subject to its jurisdiction citizens of the United States.	00
Q624	what happened to the new condos built at st clair ave and mt vernon in columbus ohio	Neighborhoods in Columbus, Ohio	There are dozens of neighborhoods in Columbus, Ohio .	00
Q624	what happened to the new condos built at st clair ave and mt vernon in columbus ohio	Neighborhoods in Columbus, Ohio	Some are hard to define, as they encompass large areas developed at different times—often with sub-neighborhoods within them.	00
Q624	what happened to the new condos built at st clair ave and mt vernon in columbus ohio	Neighborhoods in Columbus, Ohio	Borders can also change based on popular understanding of the area, as well as the whims of the residents.	00
Q624	what happened to the new condos built at st clair ave and mt vernon in columbus ohio	Neighborhoods in Columbus, Ohio	This article uses data from the Datasourcecolumbus Web site, Spotcrime.com, HelloColumbus.com, as well as the various Columbus Area Commissions to define the various areas.	00
Q624	what happened to the new condos built at st clair ave and mt vernon in columbus ohio	Neighborhoods in Columbus, Ohio	Excerpts and border information are drawn directly from the main articles.	00
Q625	what do biologists do	Biologist	A biologist is a scientist who studies living organisms and their relationship to their environment.	11
Q625	what do biologists do	Biologist	Biologists involved in basic research attempt to discover underlying mechanisms that govern how organisms work.	00
Q625	what do biologists do	Biologist	Biologists involved in applied research attempt to develop or improve medical, industrial or agricultural processes.	00
Q625	what do biologists do	Biologist	Martinus Willem Beijerinck , a botanist and microbiologist	00
Q626	what does base jumping stand for	BASE jumping	Base jumping from a cliff in a wingsuit .	00
Q626	what does base jumping stand for	BASE jumping	BASE jumping, also sometimes written as B.A.S.E. jumping, is an activity where participants jump from fixed objects and use a parachute to break their fall.	11
Q626	what does base jumping stand for	BASE jumping	"BASE" is an acronym that stands for four categories of fixed objects from which one can jump: buildings , antennas , spans ( bridges ), and earth ( cliffs ).	11
Q628	what kind of food does the british blue cat eat?	British Shorthair	The British Shorthair is a domesticated cat whose features make it a popular breed in cat shows.	00
Q628	what kind of food does the british blue cat eat?	British Shorthair	It has been the most popular breed of cat registered by the UK's Governing Council of the Cat Fancy (GCCF) since 2001, when it overtook the Persian breed.	00
Q629	how many gold medals usa won for basketball	United States men's national basketball team	The USA Basketball Men's Senior National Team, commonly known as the United States men's national basketball team, represents the United States of America in international men's basketball .	00
Q629	how many gold medals usa won for basketball	United States men's national basketball team	The USA is the most successful team in international competition, winning medals in all seventeen Olympic tournaments it has entered, coming away with fourteen golds.	00
Q629	how many gold medals usa won for basketball	United States men's national basketball team	Two of its gold medal-winning squads were inducted to the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame as teams in August 2010—the 1960 team, which featured six Hall of Famers (4 players, 2 coaches), and the 1992 "Dream Team" , featuring 14 Hall of Famers (11 players, 3 coaches).	00
Q629	how many gold medals usa won for basketball	United States men's national basketball team	The United States is currently ranked first in the FIBA World Rankings .	00
Q629	how many gold medals usa won for basketball	United States men's national basketball team	Traditionally composed of amateur players, a 1989 rule change by FIBA allowed USA Basketball to field teams with professional players.	00
Q629	how many gold medals usa won for basketball	United States men's national basketball team	The first such team, known as the "Dream Team", won the gold medal at the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona , Spain , playing in the final against Croatia .	00
Q629	how many gold medals usa won for basketball	United States men's national basketball team	With the introduction of professionals, the team was able to spark a second run of dominance after capturing only a bronze medal in 1988.	00
Q629	how many gold medals usa won for basketball	United States men's national basketball team	A team of professional players competed at the 1994 FIBA World Championship , finishing first.	00
Q629	how many gold medals usa won for basketball	United States men's national basketball team	In 1996 , 2000 , 2008 , and 2012 the USA again captured gold medals.	00
Q629	how many gold medals usa won for basketball	United States men's national basketball team	Facing increased competition, the USA failed to win a medal at the 2002 FIBA World Championship , finishing sixth.	00
Q629	how many gold medals usa won for basketball	United States men's national basketball team	The 2004 Summer Olympic team lost three games on its way to a bronze medal, a record that represented more losses in a single year than the country's Olympic teams had suffered in all previous Olympiads combined.	00
Q629	how many gold medals usa won for basketball	United States men's national basketball team	Determined to put an end to these failures, USA Basketball initiated a long-term project aimed at creating better, more cohesive teams.	00
Q629	how many gold medals usa won for basketball	United States men's national basketball team	The USA won its first seven games at the 2006 FIBA World Championship in Japan before losing against Greece in the semi-finals, ending the competition with the bronze medal.	00
Q629	how many gold medals usa won for basketball	United States men's national basketball team	The USA won gold two years later, though, at the 2008 Summer Olympics with a dominant performance.	00
Q629	how many gold medals usa won for basketball	United States men's national basketball team	This success was followed up at the 2010 FIBA World Championship , where despite fielding a roster featuring no players from the 2008 Olympic team, the USA did not lose a single game en route to defeating host Turkey for the gold medal.	00
Q629	how many gold medals usa won for basketball	United States men's national basketball team	The USA continued this streak of dominance by going undefeated and capturing gold once more at the 2012 Summer Olympics .	00
Q630	how pays for nfl super bowl rings	Super Bowl ring	The Steelers Super Bowl XL ring	00
Q630	how pays for nfl super bowl rings	Super Bowl ring	Joe Theismann's Super Bowl Ring (right)	00
Q630	how pays for nfl super bowl rings	Super Bowl ring	The Super Bowl ring is an award in the National Football League given to the winners of the league's annual World Championship game, the Super Bowl .	00
Q630	how pays for nfl super bowl rings	Super Bowl ring	Since only one Vince Lombardi Trophy is awarded to the team (ownership) itself, the Super Bowl ring offers a collectible memento for the actual players and team members to keep for themselves to symbolize the victory.	00
Q631	What country is the largest stalagmite	Stalagmite	Image showing the six most common speleothems with labels.	00
Q631	What country is the largest stalagmite	Stalagmite	to view labels.	00
Q631	What country is the largest stalagmite	Stalagmite	The Witch's Finger in the Carlsbad Caverns	00
Q631	What country is the largest stalagmite	Stalagmite	A stalagmite ( or ; from the Greek σταλαγμίτης - stalagmitês, from σταλαγμίας - stalagmias, "dropping, trickling") is a type of speleothem that rises from the floor of a limestone cave due to the dripping of mineralized solutions and the deposition of calcium carbonate .	00
Q631	What country is the largest stalagmite	Stalagmite	This stalagmite formation occurs only under certain pH conditions within the underground cavern.	00
Q631	What country is the largest stalagmite	Stalagmite	The corresponding formation on the ceiling of a cave is known as a stalactite .	00
Q631	What country is the largest stalagmite	Stalagmite	If these formations grow together, the result is known as a column.	00
Q631	What country is the largest stalagmite	Stalagmite	The Hall of Giants in the Carlsbad Caverns	00
Q631	What country is the largest stalagmite	Stalagmite	Stalagmites should normally not be touched, since the rock buildup is formed by minerals precipitating out of the water solution onto the old surface; skin oils can alter the surface where the mineral water will cling, thus affecting the growth of the formation.	00
Q631	What country is the largest stalagmite	Stalagmite	Oils and dirt from human contact can also stain the formation and change its color permanently.	00
Q631	What country is the largest stalagmite	Stalagmite	Similar structures can also form in lava tubes , associated with some types of lavacicles , although the mechanism of formation is very different.	00
Q631	What country is the largest stalagmite	Stalagmite	Stalactites and stalagmites can also form on concrete ceilings and floors, although they form much more rapidly there than in the natural cave environment.	00
Q631	What country is the largest stalagmite	Stalagmite	The largest stalagmite in the world is high and is located in the cave of Cueva Martin Infierno, Cuba.	11
Q631	What country is the largest stalagmite	Stalagmite	In the Zagros Mountains of south Iran, approximately from the ancient city of Bishapur , in the Shapur cave on the fourth of five terraces stands the 3rd century CE statue of Shapur I , second ruler of the Sassanid Empire .	00
Q631	What country is the largest stalagmite	Stalagmite	The statue, carved from one stalagmite, is nearly high.	00
Q632	what episode on how i met your mother is tantrum	List of How I Met Your Mother episodes	How I Met Your Mother is an American sitcom that premiered on CBS on September 19, 2005.	00
Q632	what episode on how i met your mother is tantrum	List of How I Met Your Mother episodes	The show was created by Craig Thomas and Carter Bays .	00
Q632	what episode on how i met your mother is tantrum	List of How I Met Your Mother episodes	How I Met Your Mother is framed by the year 2030, when Ted Mosby (voiced by Bob Saget ) gathers his daughter ( Lyndsy Fonseca ) and son ( David Henrie ) to tell them the story of how he met their mother.	00
Q632	what episode on how i met your mother is tantrum	List of How I Met Your Mother episodes	We flashback to where it begins in 2005 with Ted Mosby ( Josh Radnor ) as a single, 27-year-old architect living with his two best friends from Wesleyan University , Marshall Eriksen ( Jason Segel ), a law student, and Lily Aldrin ( Alyson Hannigan ), a kindergarten teacher, who have been dating for almost nine years when Marshall proposes.	00
Q632	what episode on how i met your mother is tantrum	List of How I Met Your Mother episodes	Their engagement causes Ted to think about finding his own soul mate, much to the disgust of his friend Barney Stinson ( Neil Patrick Harris ), a womanizer with an unnamed corporate job.	00
Q632	what episode on how i met your mother is tantrum	List of How I Met Your Mother episodes	And thus, Ted begins his search for his perfect mate, and meets Robin Scherbatsky ( Cobie Smulders ), whom he also befriends.	00
Q632	what episode on how i met your mother is tantrum	List of How I Met Your Mother episodes	The 100th episode of How I Met Your Mother aired on January 11, 2010.	00
Q632	what episode on how i met your mother is tantrum	List of How I Met Your Mother episodes	On December 21, 2012, the series was renewed for a ninth season.	00
Q632	what episode on how i met your mother is tantrum	List of How I Met Your Mother episodes	On January 30, 2013, it was announced that Season 9 will be its final season.	00
Q633	what does Gringo mean	Gringo	Gringo (, , ) is a slang Spanish and Portuguese word used in Ibero-America , to denote foreigners, often from the United States .	11
Q633	what does Gringo mean	Gringo	The term can be applied to someone who is actually a foreigner, or it can denote a strong association or assimilation into foreign (particularly US) society and culture.	11
Q633	what does Gringo mean	Gringo	In Spanish it does not have a negative connotation.	00
Q633	what does Gringo mean	Gringo	Roger Axtell, a travel etiquette expert, notes that "[t]he word gringo is not necessarily a bad word.	00
Q633	what does Gringo mean	Gringo	It is slang but is derogatory only in its use and context."	00
Q633	what does Gringo mean	Gringo	The word was used in Spain long before it crossed the Atlantic to denote foreign, non-native speakers of Spanish .	00
Q634	how many millions of years have great white sharks been around?	Great white shark	The great white shark, Carcharodon carcharias, also known as the great white, white pointer, white shark, or white death, is a species of large lamniform shark which can be found in the coastal surface waters of all the major oceans.	00
Q634	how many millions of years have great white sharks been around?	Great white shark	The great white shark is mainly known for its size, with the largest individuals known to have approached or exceeded in length, and in weight.	00
Q634	how many millions of years have great white sharks been around?	Great white shark	This shark reaches its maturity around 15 years of age and can have a life span of over 30 years.	00
Q634	how many millions of years have great white sharks been around?	Great white shark	The great white shark is arguably the world's largest known extant macropredatory fish, and is one of the primary predators of marine mammals .	00
Q634	how many millions of years have great white sharks been around?	Great white shark	It is also known to prey upon a variety of other marine animals, including fish and seabirds .	00
Q634	how many millions of years have great white sharks been around?	Great white shark	It is the only known surviving species of its genus Carcharodon , and is ranked first in having the most attacks on humans.	00
Q634	how many millions of years have great white sharks been around?	Great white shark	The IUCN list the great white shark as a vulnerable species , while it is included in Appendix II of CITES .	00
Q634	how many millions of years have great white sharks been around?	Great white shark	The bestselling novel Jaws by Peter Benchley and the subsequent blockbuster film by Steven Spielberg depicted the great white shark as a "ferocious man eater ".	00
Q634	how many millions of years have great white sharks been around?	Great white shark	In reality, humans are not the preferred prey of the great white shark.	00
Q637	how many men does the american military have in it	United States armed forces	The United States Armed Forces are the military forces of the United States of America .	00
Q637	how many men does the american military have in it	United States armed forces	They consist of the Army , Navy , Marine Corps , Air Force , and Coast Guard .	00
Q637	how many men does the american military have in it	United States armed forces	The U.S. has a strong tradition of civilian control of the military .	00
Q637	how many men does the american military have in it	United States armed forces	The President is the military's overall head, and helps form military policy with the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD), a federal executive department , acting as the principal organ by which military policy is carried out.	00
Q637	how many men does the american military have in it	United States armed forces	The DoD is headed by the Secretary of Defense , who is a civilian and Cabinet member.	00
Q637	how many men does the american military have in it	United States armed forces	The Defense Secretary is second in the military's chain of command , just below the President, and serves as the principal assistant to the President in all DoD-related matters.	00
Q637	how many men does the american military have in it	United States armed forces	To coordinate military action with diplomacy, the President has an advisory National Security Council headed by a National Security Advisor .	00
Q637	how many men does the american military have in it	United States armed forces	Both the President and Secretary of Defense are advised by a seven-member Joint Chiefs of Staff , which includes the head of each of the Defense Department's service branches as well as the chief of the National Guard Bureau .	00
Q637	how many men does the american military have in it	United States armed forces	Leadership is provided by the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff and the Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff .	00
Q637	how many men does the american military have in it	United States armed forces	The Commandant of the Coast Guard is not a member of the Joint Chiefs of Staff.	00
Q637	how many men does the american military have in it	United States armed forces	All of the branches work together during operations and joint missions, under the Unified Combatant Commands , under the authority of the Secretary of Defense with the exception of the Coast Guard.	00
Q637	how many men does the american military have in it	United States armed forces	The Coast Guard falls under the administration of the Department of Homeland Security and receives its operational orders from the Secretary of Homeland Security .	00

Q623

What did the Supreme Court determine in Dred Scott v. Sandford?

Dred Scott v. Sandford

The decision was 7–2, and every Justice besides Taney wrote a separate concurrence or dissent.

00

Q623

What did the Supreme Court determine in Dred Scott v. Sandford?

Dred Scott v. Sandford

For the first time since Marbury v. Madison , the Court held an Act of Congress to be unconstitutional.

00

Q623

What did the Supreme Court determine in Dred Scott v. Sandford?

Dred Scott v. Sandford

Dred Scott , an African-American slave, had asked a United States Circuit Court to award him his freedom because he and his master had resided in a state ( Illinois ) and a territory ( Wisconsin Territory ) where slavery had been banned.

00

Q623

What did the Supreme Court determine in Dred Scott v. Sandford?

Dred Scott v. Sandford

Chief Justice Roger Taney , writing for the court, held that Scott, as a person of African ancestry, was not a citizen of the United States and therefore had no right to sue in federal court.

00

Q623

What did the Supreme Court determine in Dred Scott v. Sandford?

Dred Scott v. Sandford

This holding was contrary to the practice of numerous states at the time, particularly Free states , where free blacks did in fact enjoy the rights of citizens, such as the right to vote and hold public office.

00

Q623

What did the Supreme Court determine in Dred Scott v. Sandford?

Dred Scott v. Sandford

In what is sometimes considered mere obiter dictum , the Court went on to hold that Congress had no authority to prohibit slavery in federal territories because slaves are personal property and the Fifth Amendment to the Constitution protects property owners against deprivation of their property without due process of law .

00

Q623

What did the Supreme Court determine in Dred Scott v. Sandford?

Dred Scott v. Sandford

In reaching this decision, Taney had hoped to settle the growing controversy surrounding slavery in the United States, but it had the opposite effect.

00

Q623

What did the Supreme Court determine in Dred Scott v. Sandford?

Dred Scott v. Sandford

The decision was fiercely debated across the country, as perhaps best exemplified by the Lincoln–Douglas debates of 1858.

00

Q623

What did the Supreme Court determine in Dred Scott v. Sandford?

Dred Scott v. Sandford

Abraham Lincoln , the second-ever Republican nominee for President, was able to win the presidential election in 1860 ; the stopping of the further expansion of slavery was a key Republican party plank.

00

Q623

What did the Supreme Court determine in Dred Scott v. Sandford?

Dred Scott v. Sandford

The decision played an important role in the timing of state secession and the Civil War, although it is extreme to say the decision "caused" the war.

00

Q623

What did the Supreme Court determine in Dred Scott v. Sandford?

Dred Scott v. Sandford

The decision is acknowledged for the influential role it played in altering the national political landscape: it is credited with launching Abraham Lincoln’s national political career and ultimately allowing for his election.

00

Q623

What did the Supreme Court determine in Dred Scott v. Sandford?

Dred Scott v. Sandford

Although the Supreme Court has never explicitly overruled the Dred Scott case, the Court stated in the Slaughter-House Cases that at least one part of it had already been overruled by the Fourteenth Amendment in 1868, which begins by stating, "All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside."

00

Q623

What did the Supreme Court determine in Dred Scott v. Sandford?

Dred Scott v. Sandford

To which the Court noted:

00

Q623

What did the Supreme Court determine in Dred Scott v. Sandford?

Dred Scott v. Sandford

The first observation we have to make on this clause is, that it puts at rest both the questions which we stated to have been the subject of differences of opinion.

00

Q623

What did the Supreme Court determine in Dred Scott v. Sandford?

Dred Scott v. Sandford

It declares that persons may be citizens of the United States without regard to their citizenship of a particular State, and it overturns the Dred Scott decision by making all persons born within the United States and subject to its jurisdiction citizens of the United States.

00

Q624

what happened to the new condos built at st clair ave and mt vernon in columbus ohio

Neighborhoods in Columbus, Ohio

There are dozens of neighborhoods in Columbus, Ohio .

00

Q624

what happened to the new condos built at st clair ave and mt vernon in columbus ohio

Neighborhoods in Columbus, Ohio

Some are hard to define, as they encompass large areas developed at different times—often with sub-neighborhoods within them.

00

Q624

what happened to the new condos built at st clair ave and mt vernon in columbus ohio

Neighborhoods in Columbus, Ohio

Borders can also change based on popular understanding of the area, as well as the whims of the residents.

00

Q624

what happened to the new condos built at st clair ave and mt vernon in columbus ohio

Neighborhoods in Columbus, Ohio

This article uses data from the Datasourcecolumbus Web site, Spotcrime.com, HelloColumbus.com, as well as the various Columbus Area Commissions to define the various areas.

00

Q624

what happened to the new condos built at st clair ave and mt vernon in columbus ohio

Neighborhoods in Columbus, Ohio

Excerpts and border information are drawn directly from the main articles.

00

Q625

what do biologists do

Biologist

A biologist is a scientist who studies living organisms and their relationship to their environment.

11

Q625

what do biologists do

Biologist

Biologists involved in basic research attempt to discover underlying mechanisms that govern how organisms work.

00

Q625

what do biologists do

Biologist

Biologists involved in applied research attempt to develop or improve medical, industrial or agricultural processes.

00

Q625

what do biologists do

Biologist

Martinus Willem Beijerinck , a botanist and microbiologist

00

Q626

what does base jumping stand for

BASE jumping

Base jumping from a cliff in a wingsuit .

00

Q626

what does base jumping stand for

BASE jumping

BASE jumping, also sometimes written as B.A.S.E. jumping, is an activity where participants jump from fixed objects and use a parachute to break their fall.

11

Q626

what does base jumping stand for

BASE jumping

"BASE" is an acronym that stands for four categories of fixed objects from which one can jump: buildings , antennas , spans ( bridges ), and earth ( cliffs ).

11

Q628

what kind of food does the british blue cat eat?

British Shorthair

The British Shorthair is a domesticated cat whose features make it a popular breed in cat shows.

00

Q628

what kind of food does the british blue cat eat?

British Shorthair

It has been the most popular breed of cat registered by the UK's Governing Council of the Cat Fancy (GCCF) since 2001, when it overtook the Persian breed.

00

Q629