microsoft/wiki_qa · Datasets at Hugging Face

question_id stringlengths 2 5	question stringlengths 11 120	document_title stringlengths 2 81	answer stringlengths 2 1.08k	label class label 2 classes
Q1372	who played batman in dark knight	The Dark Knight (film)	The Dark Knight was released on July 16, 2008 in Australia, on July 18, 2008 in North America, and on July 24, 2008 in the United Kingdom.	00
Q1372	who played batman in dark knight	The Dark Knight (film)	Considered one of the best films of the 2000s and one of the best superhero films ever made , the film received highly positive reviews and set numerous records during its theatrical run.	00
Q1372	who played batman in dark knight	The Dark Knight (film)	With over $1 billion in revenue worldwide, it is the 14th-highest-grossing film of all time, unadjusted for inflation.	00
Q1372	who played batman in dark knight	The Dark Knight (film)	The film received eight Academy Award nominations; it won the award for Best Sound Editing and Ledger was posthumously awarded Best Supporting Actor .	00
Q1372	who played batman in dark knight	The Dark Knight (film)	The Dark Knight Rises , the final part of the trilogy , was released on July 20, 2012.	00
Q1373	who discovered am and made the first successful amplitude-modulated transmission of voice?	Timeline of radio	The timeline of radio lists within the history of radio , the technology and events that produced instruments that use radio waves and activities that people undertook.	00
Q1373	who discovered am and made the first successful amplitude-modulated transmission of voice?	Timeline of radio	Later, the history is dominated by programming and contents, which is closer to general history .	00
Q1374	what people sung at sydney opera house	Sydney Opera House	The Sydney Opera House is a multi-venue performing arts centre in New South Wales , Australia .	00
Q1374	what people sung at sydney opera house	Sydney Opera House	It was conceived and largely built by Danish architect Jørn Utzon , opening in 1973 after a long gestation that began with his competition-winning design in 1957.	00
Q1374	what people sung at sydney opera house	Sydney Opera House	Joseph Cahill 's New South Wales Government gave the go-ahead for work to begin in 1958.	00
Q1374	what people sung at sydney opera house	Sydney Opera House	The government's bold decision to select Utzon's design is often overshadowed by the scandal that followed.	00
Q1374	what people sung at sydney opera house	Sydney Opera House	It is on Bennelong Point in Sydney Harbour , close to the Sydney Harbour Bridge .	00
Q1374	what people sung at sydney opera house	Sydney Opera House	It sits at the northeastern tip of the Sydney central business district (the CBD), surrounded on three sides by the harbour ( Sydney Cove and Farm Cove ) and inland by the Royal Botanic Gardens .	00
Q1374	what people sung at sydney opera house	Sydney Opera House	Contrary to its name, it houses multiple performance venues.	00
Q1374	what people sung at sydney opera house	Sydney Opera House	It is among the busiest performing arts centres in the world, hosting over 1,500 performances each year attended by some 1.2 million people.	00
Q1374	what people sung at sydney opera house	Sydney Opera House	It provides a venue for many performing-arts companies, including the four key resident companies Opera Australia , The Australian Ballet , the Sydney Theatre Company and the Sydney Symphony Orchestra , and presents a wide range of productions on its own account.	00
Q1374	what people sung at sydney opera house	Sydney Opera House	It is also one of the most popular visitor attractions in Australia, with more than seven million people visiting each year, 300,000 of whom take a guided tour.	00
Q1374	what people sung at sydney opera house	Sydney Opera House	It is administered by the Sydney Opera House Trust , under the New South Wales Ministry of the Arts.	00
Q1374	what people sung at sydney opera house	Sydney Opera House	On 28 June 2007, it was made a UNESCO World Heritage Site .	00
Q1374	what people sung at sydney opera house	Sydney Opera House	It is one of the 20th century's most distinctive buildings and one of the most famous performing arts centres in the world.	00
Q1375	what is a good bmi	Body mass index	A graph of body mass index as a function of body mass and body height is shown above.	00
Q1375	what is a good bmi	Body mass index	The dashed lines represent subdivisions within a major class.	00
Q1375	what is a good bmi	Body mass index	For instance the "Underweight" classification is further divided into "severe", "moderate", and "mild" subclasses.	00
Q1375	what is a good bmi	Body mass index	The body mass index (BMI), or Quetelet index, is a measure for human body shape based on an individual's weight and height.	00
Q1375	what is a good bmi	Body mass index	It was devised between 1830 and 1850 by the Belgian polymath Adolphe Quetelet during the course of developing "social physics".	00
Q1375	what is a good bmi	Body mass index	Body mass index is defined as the individual's body mass divided by the square of their height.	00
Q1375	what is a good bmi	Body mass index	The formulae universally used in medicine produce a unit of measure of kg/m2.	00
Q1375	what is a good bmi	Body mass index	BMI can also be determined using a BMI chart, which displays BMI as a function of weight (horizontal axis) and height (vertical axis) using contour lines for different values of BMI or colors for different BMI categories.	00
Q1375	what is a good bmi	Body mass index	† The factor for UK/US units is more precisely 703.06957964, but that level of precision is not meaningful for this calculation.	00
Q1375	what is a good bmi	Body mass index	To work from stone and pounds first multiply the stone by 14 then add the pounds to give the whole mass in pounds; to work from feet and inches first multiply the feet by 12 then add the inches to give the whole height in inches.	00
Q1376	what kind of person was thomas paine	Thomas Paine	Thomas Paine (January 29, 1737 ( NS February 9, 1737) – June 8, 1809) was an English-American political activist, author, political theorist and revolutionary.	00
Q1376	what kind of person was thomas paine	Thomas Paine	As the author of two highly influential pamphlets at the start of the American Revolution , he inspired the Patriots in 1776 to declare independence from Britain.	00
Q1376	what kind of person was thomas paine	Thomas Paine	His ideas reflected Enlightenment era rhetoric of transnational human rights.	00
Q1376	what kind of person was thomas paine	Thomas Paine	He has been called "a corsetmaker by trade, a journalist by profession, and a propagandist by inclination."	00
Q1376	what kind of person was thomas paine	Thomas Paine	Born in Thetford , England, in the county of Norfolk , Paine emigrated to the British American colonies in 1774 with the help of Benjamin Franklin and he arrived in time to participate in the American Revolution.	00
Q1376	what kind of person was thomas paine	Thomas Paine	His principal contributions were the powerful, widely read pamphlet Common Sense (1776), the all-time best-selling American book that advocated colonial America's independence from the Kingdom of Great Britain , and The American Crisis (1776–83), a pro-revolutionary pamphlet series.	00
Q1376	what kind of person was thomas paine	Thomas Paine	Common Sense was so influential that John Adams said, "Without the pen of the author of Common Sense, the sword of Washington would have been raised in vain.”	00
Q1376	what kind of person was thomas paine	Thomas Paine	Paine lived in France for most of the 1790s, becoming deeply involved in the French Revolution .	00
Q1376	what kind of person was thomas paine	Thomas Paine	He wrote the Rights of Man (1791), in part a defence of the French Revolution against its critics.	00
Q1376	what kind of person was thomas paine	Thomas Paine	His attacks on British writer Edmund Burke led to a trial and conviction in absentia in 1792 for the crime of seditious libel .	00
Q1376	what kind of person was thomas paine	Thomas Paine	In 1792, despite not being able to speak French, he was elected to the French National Convention .	00
Q1376	what kind of person was thomas paine	Thomas Paine	The Girondists regarded him as an ally.	00
Q1376	what kind of person was thomas paine	Thomas Paine	Consequently, the Montagnards , especially Robespierre , regarded him as an enemy.	00
Q1376	what kind of person was thomas paine	Thomas Paine	In December 1793, he was arrested and imprisoned in Paris, then released in 1794.	00
Q1376	what kind of person was thomas paine	Thomas Paine	He became notorious because of The Age of Reason (1793–94), his book that advocates deism , promotes reason and freethinking , and argues against institutionalized religion in general and Christian doctrine in particular.	00
Q1376	what kind of person was thomas paine	Thomas Paine	He also wrote the pamphlet Agrarian Justice (1795), discussing the origins of property , and introduced the concept of a guaranteed minimum income .	00
Q1376	what kind of person was thomas paine	Thomas Paine	In 1802, he returned to America where he died on June 8, 1809.	00
Q1376	what kind of person was thomas paine	Thomas Paine	Only six people attended his funeral as he had been ostracized for his ridicule of Christianity.	00
Q1377	what phase clinical trial new drug application	Clinical trial	Clinical trials are sets of tests in medical research and drug development that generate safety and efficacy data (or more specifically, information about adverse drug reactions and adverse effects of other treatments) for health interventions (e.g., drugs, diagnostics, devices, therapy protocols).	00
Q1377	what phase clinical trial new drug application	Clinical trial	They are conducted only after satisfactory information has been gathered on the quality of the non clinical safety, and health authority/ethics committee approval is granted in the country where approval of the drug or device is sought.	00
Q1377	what phase clinical trial new drug application	Clinical trial	Previously, many emerging countries did not require local trials for product approvals.	00
Q1377	what phase clinical trial new drug application	Clinical trial	Now, though emerging countries still accept data from U.S./Europe, they also require some local trials.	00
Q1377	what phase clinical trial new drug application	Clinical trial	Depending on the type of product and the stage of its development, investigators initially enroll volunteers and/or patients into small pilot studies , and subsequently conduct larger scale studies in patients that often compare the new product with others already approved for the affliction of interest.	00
Q1377	what phase clinical trial new drug application	Clinical trial	As positive safety and efficacy data are gathered, the number of patients is typically increased.	00
Q1377	what phase clinical trial new drug application	Clinical trial	Clinical trials can vary in size, and can involve a single research entity in one country or many such entities in multiple countries.	00
Q1377	what phase clinical trial new drug application	Clinical trial	A full series of trials may incur sizable costs, and the burden of paying for all the necessary people and services is usually borne by the sponsor, which may be a governmental organization or a pharmaceutical , biotechnology or medical device company.	00
Q1377	what phase clinical trial new drug application	Clinical trial	When the diversity of required support roles exceeds the resources of the sponsor, a clinical trial is managed by an outsourced partner, such as a contract research organization or a clinical trials unit in the academic sector.	00
Q1380	where did the nickname packers come from green bay	Green Bay Packers	The Green Bay Packers are an American football team based in Green Bay, Wisconsin .	00
Q1380	where did the nickname packers come from green bay	Green Bay Packers	They are members of the North Division of the National Football Conference (NFC) in the National Football League (NFL).	00
Q1380	where did the nickname packers come from green bay	Green Bay Packers	Green Bay is the third-oldest franchise in the NFL, having been organized and playing in 1919.	00
Q1380	where did the nickname packers come from green bay	Green Bay Packers	The Packers are the only non-profit, community-owned major league professional sports team in the United States.	00
Q1380	where did the nickname packers come from green bay	Green Bay Packers	The Packers are the last vestige of "small town teams" that were once common in the NFL during the 1920s and 1930s.	00
Q1380	where did the nickname packers come from green bay	Green Bay Packers	Founded in 1919 by Earl "Curly" Lambeau (hence the name Lambeau Field on which the team plays) and George Whitney Calhoun , the Green Bay Packers can trace their lineage to other semi-professional teams in Green Bay dating back to 1896.	00
Q1380	where did the nickname packers come from green bay	Green Bay Packers	In 1919 and 1920 the Packers competed as a semi-professional football team against clubs from around Wisconsin and the Midwest.	00
Q1380	where did the nickname packers come from green bay	Green Bay Packers	They joined the American Professional Football Association (APFA) in 1921, the forerunner to what is known today as the National Football League (NFL).	00
Q1380	where did the nickname packers come from green bay	Green Bay Packers	Although Green Bay is the last NFL "small town" team, its local fan base and media extends into nearby Milwaukee ; the team also played selected home games there between 1933 and 1994.	00
Q1380	where did the nickname packers come from green bay	Green Bay Packers	The Green Bay Packers have won 13 league championships (more than any other team in the NFL), including nine NFL championships prior to the Super Bowl era and four Super Bowl victories —in 1967 ( Super Bowl I ), 1968 ( Super Bowl II ), 1997 ( Super Bowl XXXI ) and 2011 ( Super Bowl XLV ).	00
Q1380	where did the nickname packers come from green bay	Green Bay Packers	The Packers have long-standing, bitter rivalries with their NFC North (formerly the NFC Central) opponents, the Chicago Bears , Minnesota Vikings and the Detroit Lions .	00
Q1380	where did the nickname packers come from green bay	Green Bay Packers	The Bears-Packers rivalry is one of the oldest rivalries in NFL history, dating back to 1921.	00
Q1381	what part of the corn is used in ethanol production	Ethanol fuel	Ethanol fuel is ethanol (ethyl alcohol), the same type of alcohol found in alcoholic beverages .	00
Q1381	what part of the corn is used in ethanol production	Ethanol fuel	It is most often used as a motor fuel , mainly as a biofuel additive for gasoline .	00
Q1381	what part of the corn is used in ethanol production	Ethanol fuel	World ethanol production for transport fuel tripled between 2000 and 2007 from 17 billion to more than 52 billion liters.	00
Q1381	what part of the corn is used in ethanol production	Ethanol fuel	From 2007 to 2008, the share of ethanol in global gasoline type fuel use increased from 3.7% to 5.4%.	00
Q1381	what part of the corn is used in ethanol production	Ethanol fuel	In 2011 worldwide ethanol fuel production reached 22.36 billion U.S. liquid gallons (bg) (84.6 billion liters), with the United States as the top producer with 13.9 bg (52.6 billion liters), accounting for 62.2% of global production, followed by Brazil with 5.6 bg (21.1 billion liters).	00
Q1381	what part of the corn is used in ethanol production	Ethanol fuel	Ethanol fuel has a " gasoline gallon equivalency " (GGE) value of , which means 1.5 gallons of ethanol produce the energy of one gallon of gasoline.	00
Q1381	what part of the corn is used in ethanol production	Ethanol fuel	Ethanol fuel is widely used in Brazil and in the United States , and together both countries were responsible for 87.1% of the world's ethanol fuel production in 2011.	00
Q1381	what part of the corn is used in ethanol production	Ethanol fuel	Most cars on the road today in the U.S. can run on blends of up to 10% ethanol , and ethanol represented 10% of the U.S. gasoline fuel supply derived from domestic sources in 2011.	00
Q1381	what part of the corn is used in ethanol production	Ethanol fuel	Since 1976 the Brazilian government has made it mandatory to blend ethanol with gasoline, and since 2007 the legal blend is around 25% ethanol and 75% gasoline (E25).	00
Q1381	what part of the corn is used in ethanol production	Ethanol fuel	By December 2011 Brazil had a fleet of 14.8 million flex-fuel automobiles and light trucks and 1.5 million flex-fuel motorcycles that regularly use neat ethanol fuel (known as E100 ).	00
Q1381	what part of the corn is used in ethanol production	Ethanol fuel	Bioethanol is a form of renewable energy that can be produced from agricultural feedstocks .	00
Q1381	what part of the corn is used in ethanol production	Ethanol fuel	It can be made from very common crops such as sugar cane , potato , manioc and corn .	00
Q1381	what part of the corn is used in ethanol production	Ethanol fuel	There has been considerable debate about how useful bioethanol will be in replacing gasoline.	00
Q1381	what part of the corn is used in ethanol production	Ethanol fuel	Concerns about its production and use relate to increased food prices due to the large amount of arable land required for crops, as well as the energy and pollution balance of the whole cycle of ethanol production, especially from corn.	00
Q1381	what part of the corn is used in ethanol production	Ethanol fuel	Recent developments with cellulosic ethanol production and commercialization may allay some of these concerns.	00
Q1381	what part of the corn is used in ethanol production	Ethanol fuel	Cellulosic ethanol offers promise because cellulose fibers, a major and universal component in plant cells walls, can be used to produce ethanol.	00
Q1381	what part of the corn is used in ethanol production	Ethanol fuel	According to the International Energy Agency , cellulosic ethanol could allow ethanol fuels to play a much bigger role in the future than previously thought.	00
Q1381	what part of the corn is used in ethanol production	Ethanol fuel	Saab 9-3 SportCombi BioPower.	00
Q1381	what part of the corn is used in ethanol production	Ethanol fuel	The second E85 flexifuel model introduced by Saab in the Swedish market.	00
Q1382	who shot franz ferdinand	Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria	A plaque commemorating the location of the Sarajevo assassination and steps of Gavrilo Princip (image taken in 1987, before steps were removed in 1992 and plaque changed from Cyrillic to Latin script)	00
Q1382	who shot franz ferdinand	Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria	A plaque commemorating the location of the Sarajevo assassination (image taken in 2009)	00
Q1382	who shot franz ferdinand	Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria	On 28 June 1914, Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria , heir presumptive to the Austro-Hungarian throne, and his wife, Sophie, Duchess of Hohenberg , were shot dead in Sarajevo , by Gavrilo Princip , one of a group of six Bosnian Serb assassins coordinated by Danilo Ilić .	11
Q1382	who shot franz ferdinand	Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria	The political objective of the assassination was to break off Austria-Hungary's south-Slav provinces so they could be combined into a Greater Serbia or a Yugoslavia .	00
Q1382	who shot franz ferdinand	Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria	The assassins' motives were consistent with the movement that later became known as Young Bosnia .	00
Q1382	who shot franz ferdinand	Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria	Serbian military officers stood behind the attack.	00
Q1382	who shot franz ferdinand	Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria	At the top of these Serbian military conspirators was Chief of Serbian Military Intelligence Dragutin Dimitrijević , his righthand man Major Vojislav Tankosić, and Masterspy Rade Malobabić.	00
Q1382	who shot franz ferdinand	Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria	Major Tankosić armed the assassins with bombs and pistols and trained them.	00
Q1382	who shot franz ferdinand	Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria	The assassins were given access to the same clandestine tunnel of safe-houses and agents that Rade Malobabić used for the infiltration of weapons and operatives into Austria-Hungary.	00
Q1382	who shot franz ferdinand	Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria	The assassins, the key members of the clandestine tunnel, and the key Serbian military conspirators who were still alive were arrested, tried, convicted and punished.	00
Q1382	who shot franz ferdinand	Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria	Those who were arrested in Bosnia were tried in Sarajevo in October 1914.	00
Q1382	who shot franz ferdinand	Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria	The other conspirators were arrested and tried before a Serbian kangaroo court on the French-controlled Salonika Front in 1916–1917 on unrelated false charges; Serbia executed three of the top military conspirators.	00

Q1372

who played batman in dark knight

The Dark Knight (film)

The Dark Knight was released on July 16, 2008 in Australia, on July 18, 2008 in North America, and on July 24, 2008 in the United Kingdom.

00

Q1372

who played batman in dark knight

The Dark Knight (film)

Considered one of the best films of the 2000s and one of the best superhero films ever made , the film received highly positive reviews and set numerous records during its theatrical run.

00

Q1372

who played batman in dark knight

The Dark Knight (film)

With over $1 billion in revenue worldwide, it is the 14th-highest-grossing film of all time, unadjusted for inflation.

00

Q1372

who played batman in dark knight

The Dark Knight (film)

The film received eight Academy Award nominations; it won the award for Best Sound Editing and Ledger was posthumously awarded Best Supporting Actor .

00

Q1372

who played batman in dark knight

The Dark Knight (film)

The Dark Knight Rises , the final part of the trilogy , was released on July 20, 2012.

00

Q1373

who discovered am and made the first successful amplitude-modulated transmission of voice?

Timeline of radio

The timeline of radio lists within the history of radio , the technology and events that produced instruments that use radio waves and activities that people undertook.

00

Q1373

who discovered am and made the first successful amplitude-modulated transmission of voice?

Timeline of radio

Later, the history is dominated by programming and contents, which is closer to general history .

00

Q1374

what people sung at sydney opera house

Sydney Opera House

The Sydney Opera House is a multi-venue performing arts centre in New South Wales , Australia .

00

Q1374

what people sung at sydney opera house

Sydney Opera House

It was conceived and largely built by Danish architect Jørn Utzon , opening in 1973 after a long gestation that began with his competition-winning design in 1957.

00

Q1374

what people sung at sydney opera house

Sydney Opera House

Joseph Cahill 's New South Wales Government gave the go-ahead for work to begin in 1958.

00

Q1374

what people sung at sydney opera house

Sydney Opera House

The government's bold decision to select Utzon's design is often overshadowed by the scandal that followed.

00

Q1374

what people sung at sydney opera house

Sydney Opera House

It is on Bennelong Point in Sydney Harbour , close to the Sydney Harbour Bridge .

00

Q1374

what people sung at sydney opera house

Sydney Opera House

It sits at the northeastern tip of the Sydney central business district (the CBD), surrounded on three sides by the harbour ( Sydney Cove and Farm Cove ) and inland by the Royal Botanic Gardens .

00

Q1374

what people sung at sydney opera house

Sydney Opera House

Contrary to its name, it houses multiple performance venues.

00

Q1374

what people sung at sydney opera house

Sydney Opera House

It is among the busiest performing arts centres in the world, hosting over 1,500 performances each year attended by some 1.2 million people.

00

Q1374

what people sung at sydney opera house

Sydney Opera House

It provides a venue for many performing-arts companies, including the four key resident companies Opera Australia , The Australian Ballet , the Sydney Theatre Company and the Sydney Symphony Orchestra , and presents a wide range of productions on its own account.

00

Q1374

what people sung at sydney opera house

Sydney Opera House

It is also one of the most popular visitor attractions in Australia, with more than seven million people visiting each year, 300,000 of whom take a guided tour.

00

Q1374

what people sung at sydney opera house

Sydney Opera House

It is administered by the Sydney Opera House Trust , under the New South Wales Ministry of the Arts.

00

Q1374

what people sung at sydney opera house

Sydney Opera House

On 28 June 2007, it was made a UNESCO World Heritage Site .

00

Q1374

what people sung at sydney opera house

Sydney Opera House

It is one of the 20th century's most distinctive buildings and one of the most famous performing arts centres in the world.

00

Q1375

what is a good bmi

Body mass index

A graph of body mass index as a function of body mass and body height is shown above.

00

Q1375

what is a good bmi

Body mass index

The dashed lines represent subdivisions within a major class.

00

Q1375

what is a good bmi

Body mass index

For instance the "Underweight" classification is further divided into "severe", "moderate", and "mild" subclasses.

00

Q1375

what is a good bmi

Body mass index

The body mass index (BMI), or Quetelet index, is a measure for human body shape based on an individual's weight and height.

00

Q1375

what is a good bmi

Body mass index

It was devised between 1830 and 1850 by the Belgian polymath Adolphe Quetelet during the course of developing "social physics".

00

Q1375

what is a good bmi

Body mass index

Body mass index is defined as the individual's body mass divided by the square of their height.

00

Q1375

what is a good bmi

Body mass index

The formulae universally used in medicine produce a unit of measure of kg/m2.

00

Q1375

what is a good bmi

Body mass index

BMI can also be determined using a BMI chart, which displays BMI as a function of weight (horizontal axis) and height (vertical axis) using contour lines for different values of BMI or colors for different BMI categories.

00

Q1375

what is a good bmi

Body mass index

† The factor for UK/US units is more precisely 703.06957964, but that level of precision is not meaningful for this calculation.

00

Q1375

what is a good bmi

Body mass index

To work from stone and pounds first multiply the stone by 14 then add the pounds to give the whole mass in pounds; to work from feet and inches first multiply the feet by 12 then add the inches to give the whole height in inches.

00

Q1376

what kind of person was thomas paine

Thomas Paine

Thomas Paine (January 29, 1737 ( NS February 9, 1737) – June 8, 1809) was an English-American political activist, author, political theorist and revolutionary.

00

Q1376

what kind of person was thomas paine

Thomas Paine

As the author of two highly influential pamphlets at the start of the American Revolution , he inspired the Patriots in 1776 to declare independence from Britain.

00

Q1376

what kind of person was thomas paine

Thomas Paine

His ideas reflected Enlightenment era rhetoric of transnational human rights.

00

Q1376

what kind of person was thomas paine

Thomas Paine

He has been called "a corsetmaker by trade, a journalist by profession, and a propagandist by inclination."

00

Q1376

what kind of person was thomas paine

Thomas Paine

Born in Thetford , England, in the county of Norfolk , Paine emigrated to the British American colonies in 1774 with the help of Benjamin Franklin and he arrived in time to participate in the American Revolution.

00

Q1376

what kind of person was thomas paine

Thomas Paine

His principal contributions were the powerful, widely read pamphlet Common Sense (1776), the all-time best-selling American book that advocated colonial America's independence from the Kingdom of Great Britain , and The American Crisis (1776–83), a pro-revolutionary pamphlet series.

00

Q1376

what kind of person was thomas paine

Thomas Paine

Common Sense was so influential that John Adams said, "Without the pen of the author of Common Sense, the sword of Washington would have been raised in vain.”

00

Q1376

what kind of person was thomas paine

Thomas Paine

Paine lived in France for most of the 1790s, becoming deeply involved in the French Revolution .

00

Q1376

what kind of person was thomas paine

Thomas Paine

He wrote the Rights of Man (1791), in part a defence of the French Revolution against its critics.

00

Q1376

what kind of person was thomas paine

Thomas Paine

His attacks on British writer Edmund Burke led to a trial and conviction in absentia in 1792 for the crime of seditious libel .

00

Q1376

what kind of person was thomas paine

Thomas Paine

In 1792, despite not being able to speak French, he was elected to the French National Convention .

00

Q1376

what kind of person was thomas paine

Thomas Paine

The Girondists regarded him as an ally.

00

Q1376

what kind of person was thomas paine

Thomas Paine

Consequently, the Montagnards , especially Robespierre , regarded him as an enemy.

00

Q1376

what kind of person was thomas paine

Thomas Paine

In December 1793, he was arrested and imprisoned in Paris, then released in 1794.

00

Q1376

what kind of person was thomas paine

Thomas Paine

He became notorious because of The Age of Reason (1793–94), his book that advocates deism , promotes reason and freethinking , and argues against institutionalized religion in general and Christian doctrine in particular.

00

Q1376

what kind of person was thomas paine

Thomas Paine

He also wrote the pamphlet Agrarian Justice (1795), discussing the origins of property , and introduced the concept of a guaranteed minimum income .

00

Q1376

what kind of person was thomas paine

Thomas Paine

In 1802, he returned to America where he died on June 8, 1809.

00

Q1376

what kind of person was thomas paine

Thomas Paine

Only six people attended his funeral as he had been ostracized for his ridicule of Christianity.

00

Q1377

what phase clinical trial new drug application

Clinical trial

Clinical trials are sets of tests in medical research and drug development that generate safety and efficacy data (or more specifically, information about adverse drug reactions and adverse effects of other treatments) for health interventions (e.g., drugs, diagnostics, devices, therapy protocols).

00

Q1377

what phase clinical trial new drug application

Clinical trial

They are conducted only after satisfactory information has been gathered on the quality of the non clinical safety, and health authority/ethics committee approval is granted in the country where approval of the drug or device is sought.

00

Q1377

what phase clinical trial new drug application

Clinical trial

Previously, many emerging countries did not require local trials for product approvals.

00

Q1377

what phase clinical trial new drug application

Clinical trial

Now, though emerging countries still accept data from U.S./Europe, they also require some local trials.

00

Q1377

what phase clinical trial new drug application

Clinical trial

Depending on the type of product and the stage of its development, investigators initially enroll volunteers and/or patients into small pilot studies , and subsequently conduct larger scale studies in patients that often compare the new product with others already approved for the affliction of interest.

00

Q1377

what phase clinical trial new drug application

Clinical trial

As positive safety and efficacy data are gathered, the number of patients is typically increased.

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what phase clinical trial new drug application

Clinical trial

Clinical trials can vary in size, and can involve a single research entity in one country or many such entities in multiple countries.

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what phase clinical trial new drug application

Clinical trial

A full series of trials may incur sizable costs, and the burden of paying for all the necessary people and services is usually borne by the sponsor, which may be a governmental organization or a pharmaceutical , biotechnology or medical device company.

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what phase clinical trial new drug application

Clinical trial

When the diversity of required support roles exceeds the resources of the sponsor, a clinical trial is managed by an outsourced partner, such as a contract research organization or a clinical trials unit in the academic sector.

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Q1380

where did the nickname packers come from green bay

Green Bay Packers

The Green Bay Packers are an American football team based in Green Bay, Wisconsin .

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where did the nickname packers come from green bay

Green Bay Packers

They are members of the North Division of the National Football Conference (NFC) in the National Football League (NFL).

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where did the nickname packers come from green bay

Green Bay Packers

Green Bay is the third-oldest franchise in the NFL, having been organized and playing in 1919.

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where did the nickname packers come from green bay

Green Bay Packers

The Packers are the only non-profit, community-owned major league professional sports team in the United States.

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Q1380

where did the nickname packers come from green bay

Green Bay Packers

The Packers are the last vestige of "small town teams" that were once common in the NFL during the 1920s and 1930s.

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where did the nickname packers come from green bay

Green Bay Packers

Founded in 1919 by Earl "Curly" Lambeau (hence the name Lambeau Field on which the team plays) and George Whitney Calhoun , the Green Bay Packers can trace their lineage to other semi-professional teams in Green Bay dating back to 1896.

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Q1380

where did the nickname packers come from green bay

Green Bay Packers

In 1919 and 1920 the Packers competed as a semi-professional football team against clubs from around Wisconsin and the Midwest.

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where did the nickname packers come from green bay

Green Bay Packers

They joined the American Professional Football Association (APFA) in 1921, the forerunner to what is known today as the National Football League (NFL).

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Q1380

where did the nickname packers come from green bay

Green Bay Packers

Although Green Bay is the last NFL "small town" team, its local fan base and media extends into nearby Milwaukee ; the team also played selected home games there between 1933 and 1994.

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where did the nickname packers come from green bay

Green Bay Packers

The Green Bay Packers have won 13 league championships (more than any other team in the NFL), including nine NFL championships prior to the Super Bowl era and four Super Bowl victories —in 1967 ( Super Bowl I ), 1968 ( Super Bowl II ), 1997 ( Super Bowl XXXI ) and 2011 ( Super Bowl XLV ).

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Q1380

where did the nickname packers come from green bay

Green Bay Packers

The Packers have long-standing, bitter rivalries with their NFC North (formerly the NFC Central) opponents, the Chicago Bears , Minnesota Vikings and the Detroit Lions .

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Q1380

where did the nickname packers come from green bay

Green Bay Packers

The Bears-Packers rivalry is one of the oldest rivalries in NFL history, dating back to 1921.

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