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|---|---|---|---|---|
56e6d6556fe0821900b8ebb5 | Matter | All the objects from everyday life that we can knock into, touch or squeeze are composed of atoms. This atomic matter is in turn made up of interacting subatomic particles—usually a nucleus of protons and neutrons, and a cloud of orbiting electrons. Typically, science considers these composite particles matter because they have both rest mass and volume. By contrast, massless particles, such as photons, are not considered matter, because they have neither rest mass nor volume. However, not all particles with rest mass have a classical volume, since fundamental particles such as quarks and leptons (sometimes equated with matter) are considered "point particles" with no effective size or volume. Nevertheless, quarks and leptons together make up "ordinary matter", and their interactions contribute to the effective volume of the composite particles that make up ordinary matter. | What kind of particles are quarks and leptons? | {
"text": [
"point particles"
],
"answer_start": [
651
]
} |
56e6d6556fe0821900b8ebb6 | Matter | All the objects from everyday life that we can knock into, touch or squeeze are composed of atoms. This atomic matter is in turn made up of interacting subatomic particles—usually a nucleus of protons and neutrons, and a cloud of orbiting electrons. Typically, science considers these composite particles matter because they have both rest mass and volume. By contrast, massless particles, such as photons, are not considered matter, because they have neither rest mass nor volume. However, not all particles with rest mass have a classical volume, since fundamental particles such as quarks and leptons (sometimes equated with matter) are considered "point particles" with no effective size or volume. Nevertheless, quarks and leptons together make up "ordinary matter", and their interactions contribute to the effective volume of the composite particles that make up ordinary matter. | Despite not having size or volume themselves, quarks and leptons contribute to what measure of composite particles in matter? | {
"text": [
"volume"
],
"answer_start": [
348
]
} |
56e6d8836fe0821900b8ebd6 | Matter | Matter commonly exists in four states (or phases): solid, liquid and gas, and plasma. However, advances in experimental techniques have revealed other previously theoretic phases, such as Bose–Einstein condensates and fermionic condensates. A focus on an elementary-particle view of matter also leads to new phases of matter, such as the quark–gluon plasma. For much of the history of the natural sciences people have contemplated the exact nature of matter. The idea that matter was built of discrete building blocks, the so-called particulate theory of matter, was first put forward by the Greek philosophers Leucippus (~490 BC) and Democritus (~470–380 BC). | How many phases of matter are there? | {
"text": [
"four"
],
"answer_start": [
26
]
} |
56e6d8836fe0821900b8ebd7 | Matter | Matter commonly exists in four states (or phases): solid, liquid and gas, and plasma. However, advances in experimental techniques have revealed other previously theoretic phases, such as Bose–Einstein condensates and fermionic condensates. A focus on an elementary-particle view of matter also leads to new phases of matter, such as the quark–gluon plasma. For much of the history of the natural sciences people have contemplated the exact nature of matter. The idea that matter was built of discrete building blocks, the so-called particulate theory of matter, was first put forward by the Greek philosophers Leucippus (~490 BC) and Democritus (~470–380 BC). | What new phase of matter can be considered with a focus on elementary particles? | {
"text": [
"quark–gluon plasma"
],
"answer_start": [
340
]
} |
56e6d8836fe0821900b8ebd8 | Matter | Matter commonly exists in four states (or phases): solid, liquid and gas, and plasma. However, advances in experimental techniques have revealed other previously theoretic phases, such as Bose–Einstein condensates and fermionic condensates. A focus on an elementary-particle view of matter also leads to new phases of matter, such as the quark–gluon plasma. For much of the history of the natural sciences people have contemplated the exact nature of matter. The idea that matter was built of discrete building blocks, the so-called particulate theory of matter, was first put forward by the Greek philosophers Leucippus (~490 BC) and Democritus (~470–380 BC). | What is the theory that matter is made up of discrete building blocks called? | {
"text": [
"particulate theory of matter"
],
"answer_start": [
535
]
} |
56e6d8836fe0821900b8ebd9 | Matter | Matter commonly exists in four states (or phases): solid, liquid and gas, and plasma. However, advances in experimental techniques have revealed other previously theoretic phases, such as Bose–Einstein condensates and fermionic condensates. A focus on an elementary-particle view of matter also leads to new phases of matter, such as the quark–gluon plasma. For much of the history of the natural sciences people have contemplated the exact nature of matter. The idea that matter was built of discrete building blocks, the so-called particulate theory of matter, was first put forward by the Greek philosophers Leucippus (~490 BC) and Democritus (~470–380 BC). | What colleague of Democritus, also a Greek philosopher, helped him propose the particulate theory of matter? | {
"text": [
"Leucippus"
],
"answer_start": [
613
]
} |
56e6d8836fe0821900b8ebda | Matter | Matter commonly exists in four states (or phases): solid, liquid and gas, and plasma. However, advances in experimental techniques have revealed other previously theoretic phases, such as Bose–Einstein condensates and fermionic condensates. A focus on an elementary-particle view of matter also leads to new phases of matter, such as the quark–gluon plasma. For much of the history of the natural sciences people have contemplated the exact nature of matter. The idea that matter was built of discrete building blocks, the so-called particulate theory of matter, was first put forward by the Greek philosophers Leucippus (~490 BC) and Democritus (~470–380 BC). | People have been wondering about the nature of matter for the entire history of what branch of science? | {
"text": [
"natural sciences"
],
"answer_start": [
391
]
} |
56e6dc12de9d371400068094 | Matter | Matter should not exist confused with mass, as the two are not quite the same in modern physics. For example, mass is a conserved quantity, which means that its value is unchanging through time, within closed systems. However, matter is not conserved in such systems, although this is not obvious in ordinary conditions on Earth, where matter is approximately conserved. Still, special relativity shows that matter may disappear by conversion into energy, even inside closed systems, and it can also exist created from energy, within such systems. However, because mass (like energy) can neither exist created nor destroyed, the quantity of mass and the quantity of energy remain the same during a transformation of matter (which represents a certain amount of energy) into non-material (i.e., non-matter) energy. This is also true in the reverse transformation of energy into matter. | What similar term is often used interchangeably with matter, although the two differ slightly in modern physics? | {
"text": [
"mass"
],
"answer_start": [
35
]
} |
56e6dc12de9d371400068095 | Matter | Matter should not exist confused with mass, as the two are not quite the same in modern physics. For example, mass is a conserved quantity, which means that its value is unchanging through time, within closed systems. However, matter is not conserved in such systems, although this is not obvious in ordinary conditions on Earth, where matter is approximately conserved. Still, special relativity shows that matter may disappear by conversion into energy, even inside closed systems, and it can also exist created from energy, within such systems. However, because mass (like energy) can neither exist created nor destroyed, the quantity of mass and the quantity of energy remain the same during a transformation of matter (which represents a certain amount of energy) into non-material (i.e., non-matter) energy. This is also true in the reverse transformation of energy into matter. | Being a conserved quantity means that the value of mass doesn't ever change as long as it's in what kind of system? | {
"text": [
"closed"
],
"answer_start": [
199
]
} |
56e6dc12de9d371400068096 | Matter | Matter should not exist confused with mass, as the two are not quite the same in modern physics. For example, mass is a conserved quantity, which means that its value is unchanging through time, within closed systems. However, matter is not conserved in such systems, although this is not obvious in ordinary conditions on Earth, where matter is approximately conserved. Still, special relativity shows that matter may disappear by conversion into energy, even inside closed systems, and it can also exist created from energy, within such systems. However, because mass (like energy) can neither exist created nor destroyed, the quantity of mass and the quantity of energy remain the same during a transformation of matter (which represents a certain amount of energy) into non-material (i.e., non-matter) energy. This is also true in the reverse transformation of energy into matter. | Special relativity says matter can disappear by conversion into what state? | {
"text": [
"energy"
],
"answer_start": [
445
]
} |
56e6dc12de9d371400068097 | Matter | Matter should not exist confused with mass, as the two are not quite the same in modern physics. For example, mass is a conserved quantity, which means that its value is unchanging through time, within closed systems. However, matter is not conserved in such systems, although this is not obvious in ordinary conditions on Earth, where matter is approximately conserved. Still, special relativity shows that matter may disappear by conversion into energy, even inside closed systems, and it can also exist created from energy, within such systems. However, because mass (like energy) can neither exist created nor destroyed, the quantity of mass and the quantity of energy remain the same during a transformation of matter (which represents a certain amount of energy) into non-material (i.e., non-matter) energy. This is also true in the reverse transformation of energy into matter. | What planet isn't a closed system but sometimes appears to be because of the approximate conservation of matter? | {
"text": [
"Earth"
],
"answer_start": [
320
]
} |
56e6de276fe0821900b8ec06 | Matter | different fields of science use the term matter in different, and sometimes incompatible, ways. Some of these ways are based on loose historical meanings, from a time when there was no reason to distinguish mass and matter. As such, there is no single universally agreed scientific meaning of the word "matter". Scientifically, the term "mass" is well-defined, but "matter" is not. Sometimes in the field of physics "matter" is simply equated with particles that exhibit rest mass (i.e., that cannot travel at the speed of light), such as quarks and leptons. However, in both physics and chemistry, matter exhibits both wave-like and particle-like properties, the so-called wave–particle duality. | What term does science not have a universally-accepted scientific definition for? | {
"text": [
"matter"
],
"answer_start": [
41
]
} |
56e6de276fe0821900b8ec07 | Matter | different fields of science use the term matter in different, and sometimes incompatible, ways. Some of these ways are based on loose historical meanings, from a time when there was no reason to distinguish mass and matter. As such, there is no single universally agreed scientific meaning of the word "matter". Scientifically, the term "mass" is well-defined, but "matter" is not. Sometimes in the field of physics "matter" is simply equated with particles that exhibit rest mass (i.e., that cannot travel at the speed of light), such as quarks and leptons. However, in both physics and chemistry, matter exhibits both wave-like and particle-like properties, the so-called wave–particle duality. | Sometimes scientific terms were historically considered in ways we know now aren't compatible because scientists didn't need to distinguish matter from what other term? | {
"text": [
"mass"
],
"answer_start": [
207
]
} |
56e6de276fe0821900b8ec08 | Matter | different fields of science use the term matter in different, and sometimes incompatible, ways. Some of these ways are based on loose historical meanings, from a time when there was no reason to distinguish mass and matter. As such, there is no single universally agreed scientific meaning of the word "matter". Scientifically, the term "mass" is well-defined, but "matter" is not. Sometimes in the field of physics "matter" is simply equated with particles that exhibit rest mass (i.e., that cannot travel at the speed of light), such as quarks and leptons. However, in both physics and chemistry, matter exhibits both wave-like and particle-like properties, the so-called wave–particle duality. | What word do physicists sometimes consider to be defined as particles exhibiting rest mass? | {
"text": [
"matter"
],
"answer_start": [
41
]
} |
56e6de276fe0821900b8ec09 | Matter | different fields of science use the term matter in different, and sometimes incompatible, ways. Some of these ways are based on loose historical meanings, from a time when there was no reason to distinguish mass and matter. As such, there is no single universally agreed scientific meaning of the word "matter". Scientifically, the term "mass" is well-defined, but "matter" is not. Sometimes in the field of physics "matter" is simply equated with particles that exhibit rest mass (i.e., that cannot travel at the speed of light), such as quarks and leptons. However, in both physics and chemistry, matter exhibits both wave-like and particle-like properties, the so-called wave–particle duality. | What duality describes the conflicting properties of matter in the fields of chemistry and physics? | {
"text": [
"wave–particle duality"
],
"answer_start": [
674
]
} |
56e6de276fe0821900b8ec0a | Matter | different fields of science use the term matter in different, and sometimes incompatible, ways. Some of these ways are based on loose historical meanings, from a time when there was no reason to distinguish mass and matter. As such, there is no single universally agreed scientific meaning of the word "matter". Scientifically, the term "mass" is well-defined, but "matter" is not. Sometimes in the field of physics "matter" is simply equated with particles that exhibit rest mass (i.e., that cannot travel at the speed of light), such as quarks and leptons. However, in both physics and chemistry, matter exhibits both wave-like and particle-like properties, the so-called wave–particle duality. | Quarks and leptons are sometimes considered matter because they can't travel at what speed? | {
"text": [
"the speed of light"
],
"answer_start": [
510
]
} |
56e6dcc16fe0821900b8ebfc | Westminster_Abbey | Westminster Abbey, formally titled the Collegiate Church of St Peter at Westminster, is a large, mainly Gothic abbey church in the City of Westminster, London, located just to the west of the Palace of Westminster. It is one of the most notable religious buildings in the United Kingdom and has been the traditional place of coronation and burial site for English and, later, British monarchs. Between 1540 and 1556 the abbey had the status of a cathedral. Since 1560, however, the building is no longer an abbey nor a cathedral, having instead the status of a Church of England "Royal Peculiar"—a church responsible directly to the sovereign. The building itself is the original abbey church. | What was Westminster Abbey's original name? | {
"text": [
"Collegiate Church of St Peter at Westminster"
],
"answer_start": [
39
]
} |
56e6dcc16fe0821900b8ebfd | Westminster_Abbey | Westminster Abbey, formally titled the Collegiate Church of St Peter at Westminster, is a large, mainly Gothic abbey church in the City of Westminster, London, located just to the west of the Palace of Westminster. It is one of the most notable religious buildings in the United Kingdom and has been the traditional place of coronation and burial site for English and, later, British monarchs. Between 1540 and 1556 the abbey had the status of a cathedral. Since 1560, however, the building is no longer an abbey nor a cathedral, having instead the status of a Church of England "Royal Peculiar"—a church responsible directly to the sovereign. The building itself is the original abbey church. | What style architecture is the Westminster Abbey considered? | {
"text": [
"Gothic"
],
"answer_start": [
104
]
} |
56e6dcc16fe0821900b8ebfe | Westminster_Abbey | Westminster Abbey, formally titled the Collegiate Church of St Peter at Westminster, is a large, mainly Gothic abbey church in the City of Westminster, London, located just to the west of the Palace of Westminster. It is one of the most notable religious buildings in the United Kingdom and has been the traditional place of coronation and burial site for English and, later, British monarchs. Between 1540 and 1556 the abbey had the status of a cathedral. Since 1560, however, the building is no longer an abbey nor a cathedral, having instead the status of a Church of England "Royal Peculiar"—a church responsible directly to the sovereign. The building itself is the original abbey church. | In what city is Westminster Abbey located? | {
"text": [
"City of Westminster, London"
],
"answer_start": [
131
]
} |
56e6dcc16fe0821900b8ebff | Westminster_Abbey | Westminster Abbey, formally titled the Collegiate Church of St Peter at Westminster, is a large, mainly Gothic abbey church in the City of Westminster, London, located just to the west of the Palace of Westminster. It is one of the most notable religious buildings in the United Kingdom and has been the traditional place of coronation and burial site for English and, later, British monarchs. Between 1540 and 1556 the abbey had the status of a cathedral. Since 1560, however, the building is no longer an abbey nor a cathedral, having instead the status of a Church of England "Royal Peculiar"—a church responsible directly to the sovereign. The building itself is the original abbey church. | In what years was the Abbey considered a cathedral? | {
"text": [
"Between 1540 and 1556"
],
"answer_start": [
394
]
} |
56e6dcc16fe0821900b8ec00 | Westminster_Abbey | Westminster Abbey, formally titled the Collegiate Church of St Peter at Westminster, is a large, mainly Gothic abbey church in the City of Westminster, London, located just to the west of the Palace of Westminster. It is one of the most notable religious buildings in the United Kingdom and has been the traditional place of coronation and burial site for English and, later, British monarchs. Between 1540 and 1556 the abbey had the status of a cathedral. Since 1560, however, the building is no longer an abbey nor a cathedral, having instead the status of a Church of England "Royal Peculiar"—a church responsible directly to the sovereign. The building itself is the original abbey church. | What type of building is the Abbey now considered? | {
"text": [
"Royal Peculiar"
],
"answer_start": [
580
]
} |
56e8ceee99e8941900975ea5 | Westminster_Abbey | Westminster Abbey, formally titled the Collegiate Church of St Peter at Westminster, is a large, mainly Gothic abbey church in the City of Westminster, London, located just to the west of the Palace of Westminster. It is one of the most notable religious buildings in the United Kingdom and has been the traditional place of coronation and burial site for English and, later, British monarchs. Between 1540 and 1556 the abbey had the status of a cathedral. Since 1560, however, the building is no longer an abbey nor a cathedral, having instead the status of a Church of England "Royal Peculiar"—a church responsible directly to the sovereign. The building itself is the original abbey church. | What is the formal name of Westminster Abbey? | {
"text": [
"the Collegiate Church of St Peter at Westminster"
],
"answer_start": [
35
]
} |
56e8ceee99e8941900975ea6 | Westminster_Abbey | Westminster Abbey, formally titled the Collegiate Church of St Peter at Westminster, is a large, mainly Gothic abbey church in the City of Westminster, London, located just to the west of the Palace of Westminster. It is one of the most notable religious buildings in the United Kingdom and has been the traditional place of coronation and burial site for English and, later, British monarchs. Between 1540 and 1556 the abbey had the status of a cathedral. Since 1560, however, the building is no longer an abbey nor a cathedral, having instead the status of a Church of England "Royal Peculiar"—a church responsible directly to the sovereign. The building itself is the original abbey church. | Where is Westminster Abbey located? | {
"text": [
"City of Westminster, London"
],
"answer_start": [
131
]
} |
56e8ceee99e8941900975ea8 | Westminster_Abbey | Westminster Abbey, formally titled the Collegiate Church of St Peter at Westminster, is a large, mainly Gothic abbey church in the City of Westminster, London, located just to the west of the Palace of Westminster. It is one of the most notable religious buildings in the United Kingdom and has been the traditional place of coronation and burial site for English and, later, British monarchs. Between 1540 and 1556 the abbey had the status of a cathedral. Since 1560, however, the building is no longer an abbey nor a cathedral, having instead the status of a Church of England "Royal Peculiar"—a church responsible directly to the sovereign. The building itself is the original abbey church. | When was Westminster Abbey a cathedral? | {
"text": [
"Between 1540 and 1556"
],
"answer_start": [
394
]
} |
56e8ceee99e8941900975ea9 | Westminster_Abbey | Westminster Abbey, formally titled the Collegiate Church of St Peter at Westminster, is a large, mainly Gothic abbey church in the City of Westminster, London, located just to the west of the Palace of Westminster. It is one of the most notable religious buildings in the United Kingdom and has been the traditional place of coronation and burial site for English and, later, British monarchs. Between 1540 and 1556 the abbey had the status of a cathedral. Since 1560, however, the building is no longer an abbey nor a cathedral, having instead the status of a Church of England "Royal Peculiar"—a church responsible directly to the sovereign. The building itself is the original abbey church. | What has been the status of Westminster Abbey since 1560? | {
"text": [
"Church of England \"Royal Peculiar\""
],
"answer_start": [
561
]
} |
56e6dde2de9d3714000680a8 | Westminster_Abbey | According to a tradition first reported by Sulcard in about 1080, a church was founded at the site (then known as Thorn Ey (Thorn Island)) in the 7th century, at the time of Mellitus, a Bishop of London. Construction of the present church began in 1245, on the orders of King Henry III. | What year did the construction of the church begin? | {
"text": [
"1245"
],
"answer_start": [
248
]
} |
56e6dde2de9d3714000680a9 | Westminster_Abbey | According to a tradition first reported by Sulcard in about 1080, a church was founded at the site (then known as Thorn Ey (Thorn Island)) in the 7th century, at the time of Mellitus, a Bishop of London. Construction of the present church began in 1245, on the orders of King Henry III. | Who commissioned the Abbey to be built? | {
"text": [
"King Henry III"
],
"answer_start": [
271
]
} |
56e6dde2de9d3714000680aa | Westminster_Abbey | According to a tradition first reported by Sulcard in about 1080, a church was founded at the site (then known as Thorn Ey (Thorn Island)) in the 7th century, at the time of Mellitus, a Bishop of London. Construction of the present church began in 1245, on the orders of King Henry III. | What was the area previously named? | {
"text": [
"Thorn Ey (Thorn Island)"
],
"answer_start": [
114
]
} |
56e6dde2de9d3714000680ab | Westminster_Abbey | According to a tradition first reported by Sulcard in about 1080, a church was founded at the site (then known as Thorn Ey (Thorn Island)) in the 7th century, at the time of Mellitus, a Bishop of London. Construction of the present church began in 1245, on the orders of King Henry III. | In what century was the church established at the location? | {
"text": [
"7th century"
],
"answer_start": [
146
]
} |
56e6dde2de9d3714000680ac | Westminster_Abbey | According to a tradition first reported by Sulcard in about 1080, a church was founded at the site (then known as Thorn Ey (Thorn Island)) in the 7th century, at the time of Mellitus, a Bishop of London. Construction of the present church began in 1245, on the orders of King Henry III. | Who was the Bishop in this time frame? | {
"text": [
"Mellitus, a Bishop of London"
],
"answer_start": [
174
]
} |
56e8cfd799e8941900975eaf | Westminster_Abbey | According to a tradition first reported by Sulcard in about 1080, a church was founded at the site (then known as Thorn Ey (Thorn Island)) in the 7th century, at the time of Mellitus, a Bishop of London. Construction of the present church began in 1245, on the orders of King Henry III. | What is the meaning of Thorn Ey? | {
"text": [
"Thorn Island"
],
"answer_start": [
124
]
} |
56e8cfd799e8941900975eb0 | Westminster_Abbey | According to a tradition first reported by Sulcard in about 1080, a church was founded at the site (then known as Thorn Ey (Thorn Island)) in the 7th century, at the time of Mellitus, a Bishop of London. Construction of the present church began in 1245, on the orders of King Henry III. | When was a church first founded at the site? | {
"text": [
"7th century"
],
"answer_start": [
146
]
} |
56e8cfd799e8941900975eb1 | Westminster_Abbey | According to a tradition first reported by Sulcard in about 1080, a church was founded at the site (then known as Thorn Ey (Thorn Island)) in the 7th century, at the time of Mellitus, a Bishop of London. Construction of the present church began in 1245, on the orders of King Henry III. | Who was Mellitus? | {
"text": [
"a Bishop of London"
],
"answer_start": [
184
]
} |
56e8cfd799e8941900975eb2 | Westminster_Abbey | According to a tradition first reported by Sulcard in about 1080, a church was founded at the site (then known as Thorn Ey (Thorn Island)) in the 7th century, at the time of Mellitus, a Bishop of London. Construction of the present church began in 1245, on the orders of King Henry III. | When was construction of the present church started? | {
"text": [
"1245"
],
"answer_start": [
248
]
} |
56e8cfd799e8941900975eb3 | Westminster_Abbey | According to a tradition first reported by Sulcard in about 1080, a church was founded at the site (then known as Thorn Ey (Thorn Island)) in the 7th century, at the time of Mellitus, a Bishop of London. Construction of the present church began in 1245, on the orders of King Henry III. | Who ordered the construction of the church? | {
"text": [
"King Henry III"
],
"answer_start": [
271
]
} |
56e6e10f6fe0821900b8ec1a | Westminster_Abbey | The first reports of the abbey are based on a later tradition claiming that a young fisherman called Aldrich on the River Thames saw a vision of Saint Peter near the site. This seems to be quoted to justify the gifts of salmon from Thames fishermen that the abbey received in later years. In the present era, the Fishmonger's Company still gives a salmon every year. The proven origins are that in the 960s or early 970s, Saint Dunstan, assisted by King Edgar, installed a community of Benedictine monks here. | What was the name of the fisherman in lore that saw a vision of Saint Peter near the Abbey? | {
"text": [
"Aldrich"
],
"answer_start": [
100
]
} |
56e6e10f6fe0821900b8ec1b | Westminster_Abbey | The first reports of the abbey are based on a later tradition claiming that a young fisherman called Aldrich on the River Thames saw a vision of Saint Peter near the site. This seems to be quoted to justify the gifts of salmon from Thames fishermen that the abbey received in later years. In the present era, the Fishmonger's Company still gives a salmon every year. The proven origins are that in the 960s or early 970s, Saint Dunstan, assisted by King Edgar, installed a community of Benedictine monks here. | What type of fish did the Abbey receive from Thames fisherman? | {
"text": [
"salmon"
],
"answer_start": [
219
]
} |
56e6e10f6fe0821900b8ec1c | Westminster_Abbey | The first reports of the abbey are based on a later tradition claiming that a young fisherman called Aldrich on the River Thames saw a vision of Saint Peter near the site. This seems to be quoted to justify the gifts of salmon from Thames fishermen that the abbey received in later years. In the present era, the Fishmonger's Company still gives a salmon every year. The proven origins are that in the 960s or early 970s, Saint Dunstan, assisted by King Edgar, installed a community of Benedictine monks here. | What kind of monks lived at the Abbey? | {
"text": [
"Benedictine"
],
"answer_start": [
485
]
} |
56e6e10f6fe0821900b8ec1d | Westminster_Abbey | The first reports of the abbey are based on a later tradition claiming that a young fisherman called Aldrich on the River Thames saw a vision of Saint Peter near the site. This seems to be quoted to justify the gifts of salmon from Thames fishermen that the abbey received in later years. In the present era, the Fishmonger's Company still gives a salmon every year. The proven origins are that in the 960s or early 970s, Saint Dunstan, assisted by King Edgar, installed a community of Benedictine monks here. | Who, till this day still gives the Abbey a fish? | {
"text": [
"Fishmonger's Company"
],
"answer_start": [
312
]
} |
56e6e10f6fe0821900b8ec1e | Westminster_Abbey | The first reports of the abbey are based on a later tradition claiming that a young fisherman called Aldrich on the River Thames saw a vision of Saint Peter near the site. This seems to be quoted to justify the gifts of salmon from Thames fishermen that the abbey received in later years. In the present era, the Fishmonger's Company still gives a salmon every year. The proven origins are that in the 960s or early 970s, Saint Dunstan, assisted by King Edgar, installed a community of Benedictine monks here. | Who along with the King Edgar established the monks at the Abbey? | {
"text": [
"Saint Dunstan"
],
"answer_start": [
421
]
} |
56e8d4b899e8941900975eb9 | Westminster_Abbey | The first reports of the abbey are based on a later tradition claiming that a young fisherman called Aldrich on the River Thames saw a vision of Saint Peter near the site. This seems to be quoted to justify the gifts of salmon from Thames fishermen that the abbey received in later years. In the present era, the Fishmonger's Company still gives a salmon every year. The proven origins are that in the 960s or early 970s, Saint Dunstan, assisted by King Edgar, installed a community of Benedictine monks here. | Who supposedly had a vison of Saint Peter on the River Thames? | {
"text": [
"Aldrich"
],
"answer_start": [
100
]
} |
56e8d4b899e8941900975eba | Westminster_Abbey | The first reports of the abbey are based on a later tradition claiming that a young fisherman called Aldrich on the River Thames saw a vision of Saint Peter near the site. This seems to be quoted to justify the gifts of salmon from Thames fishermen that the abbey received in later years. In the present era, the Fishmonger's Company still gives a salmon every year. The proven origins are that in the 960s or early 970s, Saint Dunstan, assisted by King Edgar, installed a community of Benedictine monks here. | Who first gifted salmon to the abbey? | {
"text": [
"Thames fishermen"
],
"answer_start": [
231
]
} |
56e8d4b899e8941900975ebb | Westminster_Abbey | The first reports of the abbey are based on a later tradition claiming that a young fisherman called Aldrich on the River Thames saw a vision of Saint Peter near the site. This seems to be quoted to justify the gifts of salmon from Thames fishermen that the abbey received in later years. In the present era, the Fishmonger's Company still gives a salmon every year. The proven origins are that in the 960s or early 970s, Saint Dunstan, assisted by King Edgar, installed a community of Benedictine monks here. | Who still gives salmon to the abbey today? | {
"text": [
"Fishmonger's Company"
],
"answer_start": [
312
]
} |
56e8d4b899e8941900975ebd | Westminster_Abbey | The first reports of the abbey are based on a later tradition claiming that a young fisherman called Aldrich on the River Thames saw a vision of Saint Peter near the site. This seems to be quoted to justify the gifts of salmon from Thames fishermen that the abbey received in later years. In the present era, the Fishmonger's Company still gives a salmon every year. The proven origins are that in the 960s or early 970s, Saint Dunstan, assisted by King Edgar, installed a community of Benedictine monks here. | When was the monk community installed? | {
"text": [
"960s or early 970s"
],
"answer_start": [
401
]
} |
56e6ebc66fe0821900b8ec2e | Westminster_Abbey | Between 1042 and 1052 King Edward the Confessor began rebuilding St Peter's Abbey to supply himself with a royal burial church. It was the first church in England built in the Romanesque style. The building was not completed until around 1090 but was consecrated on 28 December 1065, only a week before Edward's death on 5 January 1066. A week later he was buried in the church, and nine years later his wife Edith was buried alongside him. His successor, Harold II, was probably crowned in the abbey, although the first documented coronation is that of William the Conqueror later the same year. | What architectural design was St Peter's abbey considered? | {
"text": [
"Romanesque style"
],
"answer_start": [
177
]
} |
56e6ebc66fe0821900b8ec2f | Westminster_Abbey | Between 1042 and 1052 King Edward the Confessor began rebuilding St Peter's Abbey to supply himself with a royal burial church. It was the first church in England built in the Romanesque style. The building was not completed until around 1090 but was consecrated on 28 December 1065, only a week before Edward's death on 5 January 1066. A week later he was buried in the church, and nine years later his wife Edith was buried alongside him. His successor, Harold II, was probably crowned in the abbey, although the first documented coronation is that of William the Conqueror later the same year. | What year was the building finished? | {
"text": [
"1090"
],
"answer_start": [
239
]
} |
56e6ebc66fe0821900b8ec30 | Westminster_Abbey | Between 1042 and 1052 King Edward the Confessor began rebuilding St Peter's Abbey to supply himself with a royal burial church. It was the first church in England built in the Romanesque style. The building was not completed until around 1090 but was consecrated on 28 December 1065, only a week before Edward's death on 5 January 1066. A week later he was buried in the church, and nine years later his wife Edith was buried alongside him. His successor, Harold II, was probably crowned in the abbey, although the first documented coronation is that of William the Conqueror later the same year. | What was the date of the Abbey's coronation? | {
"text": [
"28 December 1065"
],
"answer_start": [
267
]
} |
56e6ebc66fe0821900b8ec31 | Westminster_Abbey | Between 1042 and 1052 King Edward the Confessor began rebuilding St Peter's Abbey to supply himself with a royal burial church. It was the first church in England built in the Romanesque style. The building was not completed until around 1090 but was consecrated on 28 December 1065, only a week before Edward's death on 5 January 1066. A week later he was buried in the church, and nine years later his wife Edith was buried alongside him. His successor, Harold II, was probably crowned in the abbey, although the first documented coronation is that of William the Conqueror later the same year. | Who was the first recorded coronation at the Abbey? | {
"text": [
"William the Conqueror"
],
"answer_start": [
555
]
} |
56e6ebc66fe0821900b8ec32 | Westminster_Abbey | Between 1042 and 1052 King Edward the Confessor began rebuilding St Peter's Abbey to supply himself with a royal burial church. It was the first church in England built in the Romanesque style. The building was not completed until around 1090 but was consecrated on 28 December 1065, only a week before Edward's death on 5 January 1066. A week later he was buried in the church, and nine years later his wife Edith was buried alongside him. His successor, Harold II, was probably crowned in the abbey, although the first documented coronation is that of William the Conqueror later the same year. | What King restored the Abbey in the years 1042 and 1052? | {
"text": [
"King Edward the Confessor"
],
"answer_start": [
22
]
} |
56e8d58c0b45c0140094cd01 | Westminster_Abbey | Between 1042 and 1052 King Edward the Confessor began rebuilding St Peter's Abbey to supply himself with a royal burial church. It was the first church in England built in the Romanesque style. The building was not completed until around 1090 but was consecrated on 28 December 1065, only a week before Edward's death on 5 January 1066. A week later he was buried in the church, and nine years later his wife Edith was buried alongside him. His successor, Harold II, was probably crowned in the abbey, although the first documented coronation is that of William the Conqueror later the same year. | Who rebuilt the abbey for a burial church? | {
"text": [
"King Edward the Confessor"
],
"answer_start": [
22
]
} |
56e8d58c0b45c0140094cd02 | Westminster_Abbey | Between 1042 and 1052 King Edward the Confessor began rebuilding St Peter's Abbey to supply himself with a royal burial church. It was the first church in England built in the Romanesque style. The building was not completed until around 1090 but was consecrated on 28 December 1065, only a week before Edward's death on 5 January 1066. A week later he was buried in the church, and nine years later his wife Edith was buried alongside him. His successor, Harold II, was probably crowned in the abbey, although the first documented coronation is that of William the Conqueror later the same year. | What style was the church rebuilt in? | {
"text": [
"Romanesque"
],
"answer_start": [
177
]
} |
56e8d58c0b45c0140094cd03 | Westminster_Abbey | Between 1042 and 1052 King Edward the Confessor began rebuilding St Peter's Abbey to supply himself with a royal burial church. It was the first church in England built in the Romanesque style. The building was not completed until around 1090 but was consecrated on 28 December 1065, only a week before Edward's death on 5 January 1066. A week later he was buried in the church, and nine years later his wife Edith was buried alongside him. His successor, Harold II, was probably crowned in the abbey, although the first documented coronation is that of William the Conqueror later the same year. | When was the building consecrated? | {
"text": [
"28 December 1065"
],
"answer_start": [
267
]
} |
56e8d58c0b45c0140094cd04 | Westminster_Abbey | Between 1042 and 1052 King Edward the Confessor began rebuilding St Peter's Abbey to supply himself with a royal burial church. It was the first church in England built in the Romanesque style. The building was not completed until around 1090 but was consecrated on 28 December 1065, only a week before Edward's death on 5 January 1066. A week later he was buried in the church, and nine years later his wife Edith was buried alongside him. His successor, Harold II, was probably crowned in the abbey, although the first documented coronation is that of William the Conqueror later the same year. | When did King Edward the Confessor die? | {
"text": [
"5 January 1066"
],
"answer_start": [
322
]
} |
56e8d58c0b45c0140094cd05 | Westminster_Abbey | Between 1042 and 1052 King Edward the Confessor began rebuilding St Peter's Abbey to supply himself with a royal burial church. It was the first church in England built in the Romanesque style. The building was not completed until around 1090 but was consecrated on 28 December 1065, only a week before Edward's death on 5 January 1066. A week later he was buried in the church, and nine years later his wife Edith was buried alongside him. His successor, Harold II, was probably crowned in the abbey, although the first documented coronation is that of William the Conqueror later the same year. | Who was the first documented coronation? | {
"text": [
"William the Conqueror"
],
"answer_start": [
555
]
} |
56e8d28e0b45c0140094ccf7 | Westminster_Abbey | Since 1066, when Harold Godwinson and William the Conqueror were crowned, the coronations of English and British monarchs have been held there. There have been at least 16 royal weddings at the abbey since 1100. Two were of reigning monarchs (Henry I and Richard II), although, before 1919, there had been none for some 500 years. | Who were the first monarchs crowned at Westminster Abbey? | {
"text": [
"Harold Godwinson and William the Conqueror"
],
"answer_start": [
17
]
} |
56e8d28e0b45c0140094ccf8 | Westminster_Abbey | Since 1066, when Harold Godwinson and William the Conqueror were crowned, the coronations of English and British monarchs have been held there. There have been at least 16 royal weddings at the abbey since 1100. Two were of reigning monarchs (Henry I and Richard II), although, before 1919, there had been none for some 500 years. | Since when have coronations been held at Westminster Abbey? | {
"text": [
"1066"
],
"answer_start": [
6
]
} |
56e8d28e0b45c0140094ccf9 | Westminster_Abbey | Since 1066, when Harold Godwinson and William the Conqueror were crowned, the coronations of English and British monarchs have been held there. There have been at least 16 royal weddings at the abbey since 1100. Two were of reigning monarchs (Henry I and Richard II), although, before 1919, there had been none for some 500 years. | How many royal weddings have occurred at the abbey? | {
"text": [
"16"
],
"answer_start": [
169
]
} |
56e8d28e0b45c0140094ccfa | Westminster_Abbey | Since 1066, when Harold Godwinson and William the Conqueror were crowned, the coronations of English and British monarchs have been held there. There have been at least 16 royal weddings at the abbey since 1100. Two were of reigning monarchs (Henry I and Richard II), although, before 1919, there had been none for some 500 years. | Which two reigning monarchs had weddings at the abbey? | {
"text": [
"Henry I and Richard II"
],
"answer_start": [
243
]
} |
56e8d28e0b45c0140094ccfb | Westminster_Abbey | Since 1066, when Harold Godwinson and William the Conqueror were crowned, the coronations of English and British monarchs have been held there. There have been at least 16 royal weddings at the abbey since 1100. Two were of reigning monarchs (Henry I and Richard II), although, before 1919, there had been none for some 500 years. | When did royal weddings begin at the church? | {
"text": [
"1100"
],
"answer_start": [
206
]
} |
56e8d6da99e8941900975ec3 | Westminster_Abbey | The only extant depiction of Edward's abbey, together with the adjacent Palace of Westminster, is in the Bayeux Tapestry. Some of the lower parts of the monastic dormitory, an extension of the South Transept, survive in the Norman undercroft of the Great School, including a door said to come_up from the previous Saxon abbey. Increased endowments supported a community increased from a dozen monks in Dunstan's original foundation, up to a maximum about eighty monks, although there was also a large community of lay brothers who supported the monastery's extensive property and activities. | Where is the only existant depiction of Edward's abbey? | {
"text": [
"Bayeux Tapestry"
],
"answer_start": [
105
]
} |
56e8d6da99e8941900975ec4 | Westminster_Abbey | The only extant depiction of Edward's abbey, together with the adjacent Palace of Westminster, is in the Bayeux Tapestry. Some of the lower parts of the monastic dormitory, an extension of the South Transept, survive in the Norman undercroft of the Great School, including a door said to come_up from the previous Saxon abbey. Increased endowments supported a community increased from a dozen monks in Dunstan's original foundation, up to a maximum about eighty monks, although there was also a large community of lay brothers who supported the monastery's extensive property and activities. | What was the original size of Dunstan's original monk community? | {
"text": [
"a dozen"
],
"answer_start": [
382
]
} |
56e8d6da99e8941900975ec6 | Westminster_Abbey | The only extant depiction of Edward's abbey, together with the adjacent Palace of Westminster, is in the Bayeux Tapestry. Some of the lower parts of the monastic dormitory, an extension of the South Transept, survive in the Norman undercroft of the Great School, including a door said to come_up from the previous Saxon abbey. Increased endowments supported a community increased from a dozen monks in Dunstan's original foundation, up to a maximum about eighty monks, although there was also a large community of lay brothers who supported the monastery's extensive property and activities. | How was the community able to increase? | {
"text": [
"endowments"
],
"answer_start": [
334
]
} |
56e8d6da99e8941900975ec7 | Westminster_Abbey | The only extant depiction of Edward's abbey, together with the adjacent Palace of Westminster, is in the Bayeux Tapestry. Some of the lower parts of the monastic dormitory, an extension of the South Transept, survive in the Norman undercroft of the Great School, including a door said to come_up from the previous Saxon abbey. Increased endowments supported a community increased from a dozen monks in Dunstan's original foundation, up to a maximum about eighty monks, although there was also a large community of lay brothers who supported the monastery's extensive property and activities. | What is adjacent the abbey? | {
"text": [
"Palace of Westminster"
],
"answer_start": [
72
]
} |
56e8d85b0b45c0140094cd0b | Westminster_Abbey | The abbot and monks, in proximity to the royal Palace of Westminster, the seat of government from the late 12th century, became a powerful force in the centuries after the Norman Conquest. The abbot often was employed on royal service and in due course took his place in the House of Lords as of right. Released from the burdens of spiritual leadership, which passed to the reformed Cluniac movement after the mid-10th century, and occupied with the administration of great landed properties, some of which lay far from Westminster, "the Benedictines achieved a remarkable degree of identification with the secular life of their times, and particularly with upper-class life", Barbara Harvey concludes, to the extent that her depiction of daily life provides a wider view of the concerns of the English gentry in the High and Late Middle Ages.[citation needed] | Who became a powerful force after the Norman Conquest? | {
"text": [
"The abbot and monks"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
56e8d85b0b45c0140094cd0c | Westminster_Abbey | The abbot and monks, in proximity to the royal Palace of Westminster, the seat of government from the late 12th century, became a powerful force in the centuries after the Norman Conquest. The abbot often was employed on royal service and in due course took his place in the House of Lords as of right. Released from the burdens of spiritual leadership, which passed to the reformed Cluniac movement after the mid-10th century, and occupied with the administration of great landed properties, some of which lay far from Westminster, "the Benedictines achieved a remarkable degree of identification with the secular life of their times, and particularly with upper-class life", Barbara Harvey concludes, to the extent that her depiction of daily life provides a wider view of the concerns of the English gentry in the High and Late Middle Ages.[citation needed] | The Palace of Westminster was the seat of what from the later 12th century? | {
"text": [
"government"
],
"answer_start": [
82
]
} |
56e8d85b0b45c0140094cd0d | Westminster_Abbey | The abbot and monks, in proximity to the royal Palace of Westminster, the seat of government from the late 12th century, became a powerful force in the centuries after the Norman Conquest. The abbot often was employed on royal service and in due course took his place in the House of Lords as of right. Released from the burdens of spiritual leadership, which passed to the reformed Cluniac movement after the mid-10th century, and occupied with the administration of great landed properties, some of which lay far from Westminster, "the Benedictines achieved a remarkable degree of identification with the secular life of their times, and particularly with upper-class life", Barbara Harvey concludes, to the extent that her depiction of daily life provides a wider view of the concerns of the English gentry in the High and Late Middle Ages.[citation needed] | Who was employed on royal service? | {
"text": [
"The abbot"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
56e8d85b0b45c0140094cd0e | Westminster_Abbey | The abbot and monks, in proximity to the royal Palace of Westminster, the seat of government from the late 12th century, became a powerful force in the centuries after the Norman Conquest. The abbot often was employed on royal service and in due course took his place in the House of Lords as of right. Released from the burdens of spiritual leadership, which passed to the reformed Cluniac movement after the mid-10th century, and occupied with the administration of great landed properties, some of which lay far from Westminster, "the Benedictines achieved a remarkable degree of identification with the secular life of their times, and particularly with upper-class life", Barbara Harvey concludes, to the extent that her depiction of daily life provides a wider view of the concerns of the English gentry in the High and Late Middle Ages.[citation needed] | With what kind of life were the Benedictines allowed to identify? | {
"text": [
"secular"
],
"answer_start": [
608
]
} |
56e8d85b0b45c0140094cd0f | Westminster_Abbey | The abbot and monks, in proximity to the royal Palace of Westminster, the seat of government from the late 12th century, became a powerful force in the centuries after the Norman Conquest. The abbot often was employed on royal service and in due course took his place in the House of Lords as of right. Released from the burdens of spiritual leadership, which passed to the reformed Cluniac movement after the mid-10th century, and occupied with the administration of great landed properties, some of which lay far from Westminster, "the Benedictines achieved a remarkable degree of identification with the secular life of their times, and particularly with upper-class life", Barbara Harvey concludes, to the extent that her depiction of daily life provides a wider view of the concerns of the English gentry in the High and Late Middle Ages.[citation needed] | To what movement was the task of spiritual leadership passed? | {
"text": [
"Cluniac"
],
"answer_start": [
384
]
} |
56e8d9ab99e8941900975ecd | Westminster_Abbey | The proximity of the Palace of Westminster did not widen to providing monks or abbots with high royal connections; in social origin the Benedictines of Westminster were as modest as most of the order. The abbot remained Lord of the Manor of Westminster as a town of two to three thousand persons grew around it: as a consumer and employer on a grand scale the monastery helped fuel the town economy, and relations with the town remained unusually cordial, but no enfranchising charter was issued during the Middle Ages. The abbey built shops and dwellings on the west side, encroaching upon the sanctuary.[citation needed] | What did the abbot remain as a town built around the abbey? | {
"text": [
"Lord of the Manor of Westminster"
],
"answer_start": [
221
]
} |
56e8d9ab99e8941900975ece | Westminster_Abbey | The proximity of the Palace of Westminster did not widen to providing monks or abbots with high royal connections; in social origin the Benedictines of Westminster were as modest as most of the order. The abbot remained Lord of the Manor of Westminster as a town of two to three thousand persons grew around it: as a consumer and employer on a grand scale the monastery helped fuel the town economy, and relations with the town remained unusually cordial, but no enfranchising charter was issued during the Middle Ages. The abbey built shops and dwellings on the west side, encroaching upon the sanctuary.[citation needed] | What did the monastery help fuel? | {
"text": [
"the town economy"
],
"answer_start": [
383
]
} |
56e8d9ab99e8941900975ecf | Westminster_Abbey | The proximity of the Palace of Westminster did not widen to providing monks or abbots with high royal connections; in social origin the Benedictines of Westminster were as modest as most of the order. The abbot remained Lord of the Manor of Westminster as a town of two to three thousand persons grew around it: as a consumer and employer on a grand scale the monastery helped fuel the town economy, and relations with the town remained unusually cordial, but no enfranchising charter was issued during the Middle Ages. The abbey built shops and dwellings on the west side, encroaching upon the sanctuary.[citation needed] | What did the abbey build on the west side? | {
"text": [
"shops and dwellings"
],
"answer_start": [
537
]
} |
56e8d9ab99e8941900975ed1 | Westminster_Abbey | The proximity of the Palace of Westminster did not widen to providing monks or abbots with high royal connections; in social origin the Benedictines of Westminster were as modest as most of the order. The abbot remained Lord of the Manor of Westminster as a town of two to three thousand persons grew around it: as a consumer and employer on a grand scale the monastery helped fuel the town economy, and relations with the town remained unusually cordial, but no enfranchising charter was issued during the Middle Ages. The abbey built shops and dwellings on the west side, encroaching upon the sanctuary.[citation needed] | What encroached upon the sanctuary? | {
"text": [
"shops and dwellings"
],
"answer_start": [
537
]
} |
56e8daed0b45c0140094cd17 | Westminster_Abbey | The abbey became the coronation site of Norman kings. None were buried there until Henry III, intensely devoted to the cult of the Confessor, rebuilt the abbey in Anglo-French Gothic style as a shrine to reverence King Edward the Confessor and as a suitably regal setting for Henry's own tomb, under the highest Gothic nave in England. The Confessor's shrine subsequently played a great part in his canonisation. The work continued between 1245 and 1517 and was largely finished by the architect Henry Yevele in the reign of Richard II. Henry III also commissioned unique Cosmati pavement in front of the High Altar (the pavement has recently undergone a major cleaning and conservation programme and was re-dedicated by the Dean at a service on 21 May 2010). | What was the abbey to Norman kings? | {
"text": [
"coronation site"
],
"answer_start": [
21
]
} |
56e8daed0b45c0140094cd18 | Westminster_Abbey | The abbey became the coronation site of Norman kings. None were buried there until Henry III, intensely devoted to the cult of the Confessor, rebuilt the abbey in Anglo-French Gothic style as a shrine to reverence King Edward the Confessor and as a suitably regal setting for Henry's own tomb, under the highest Gothic nave in England. The Confessor's shrine subsequently played a great part in his canonisation. The work continued between 1245 and 1517 and was largely finished by the architect Henry Yevele in the reign of Richard II. Henry III also commissioned unique Cosmati pavement in front of the High Altar (the pavement has recently undergone a major cleaning and conservation programme and was re-dedicated by the Dean at a service on 21 May 2010). | What architect continued work on the abbey? | {
"text": [
"Henry Yevele"
],
"answer_start": [
495
]
} |
56e8daed0b45c0140094cd19 | Westminster_Abbey | The abbey became the coronation site of Norman kings. None were buried there until Henry III, intensely devoted to the cult of the Confessor, rebuilt the abbey in Anglo-French Gothic style as a shrine to reverence King Edward the Confessor and as a suitably regal setting for Henry's own tomb, under the highest Gothic nave in England. The Confessor's shrine subsequently played a great part in his canonisation. The work continued between 1245 and 1517 and was largely finished by the architect Henry Yevele in the reign of Richard II. Henry III also commissioned unique Cosmati pavement in front of the High Altar (the pavement has recently undergone a major cleaning and conservation programme and was re-dedicated by the Dean at a service on 21 May 2010). | Who was reigning when Henry Yevele finished his work on the abbey? | {
"text": [
"Richard II"
],
"answer_start": [
524
]
} |
56e8daed0b45c0140094cd1a | Westminster_Abbey | The abbey became the coronation site of Norman kings. None were buried there until Henry III, intensely devoted to the cult of the Confessor, rebuilt the abbey in Anglo-French Gothic style as a shrine to reverence King Edward the Confessor and as a suitably regal setting for Henry's own tomb, under the highest Gothic nave in England. The Confessor's shrine subsequently played a great part in his canonisation. The work continued between 1245 and 1517 and was largely finished by the architect Henry Yevele in the reign of Richard II. Henry III also commissioned unique Cosmati pavement in front of the High Altar (the pavement has recently undergone a major cleaning and conservation programme and was re-dedicated by the Dean at a service on 21 May 2010). | What kind of pavement was commissioned for in front of the High Altar? | {
"text": [
"Cosmati"
],
"answer_start": [
571
]
} |
56e8daed0b45c0140094cd1b | Westminster_Abbey | The abbey became the coronation site of Norman kings. None were buried there until Henry III, intensely devoted to the cult of the Confessor, rebuilt the abbey in Anglo-French Gothic style as a shrine to reverence King Edward the Confessor and as a suitably regal setting for Henry's own tomb, under the highest Gothic nave in England. The Confessor's shrine subsequently played a great part in his canonisation. The work continued between 1245 and 1517 and was largely finished by the architect Henry Yevele in the reign of Richard II. Henry III also commissioned unique Cosmati pavement in front of the High Altar (the pavement has recently undergone a major cleaning and conservation programme and was re-dedicated by the Dean at a service on 21 May 2010). | What played a large role in King Edward the Confessor's canonisation? | {
"text": [
"The Confessor's shrine"
],
"answer_start": [
335
]
} |
56e8dbaa99e8941900975ed7 | Westminster_Abbey | Henry VII added a perpendicular style chapel dedicated to the Blessed Virgin Mary in 1503 (known as the Henry VII Chapel or the "Lady Chapel"). Much of the stone came from Caen, in France (Caen stone), the Isle of Portland (Portland stone) and the Loire Valley region of France (tuffeau limestone).[citation needed] | Who added a Perpendicular style chapel? | {
"text": [
"Henry VII"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
56e8dbaa99e8941900975ed8 | Westminster_Abbey | Henry VII added a perpendicular style chapel dedicated to the Blessed Virgin Mary in 1503 (known as the Henry VII Chapel or the "Lady Chapel"). Much of the stone came from Caen, in France (Caen stone), the Isle of Portland (Portland stone) and the Loire Valley region of France (tuffeau limestone).[citation needed] | Who was the Perpendicular style chapel dedicated to? | {
"text": [
"Blessed Virgin Mary"
],
"answer_start": [
62
]
} |
56e8dbaa99e8941900975ed9 | Westminster_Abbey | Henry VII added a perpendicular style chapel dedicated to the Blessed Virgin Mary in 1503 (known as the Henry VII Chapel or the "Lady Chapel"). Much of the stone came from Caen, in France (Caen stone), the Isle of Portland (Portland stone) and the Loire Valley region of France (tuffeau limestone).[citation needed] | What part of France did the Caen stone come from? | {
"text": [
"Caen"
],
"answer_start": [
172
]
} |
56e8dbaa99e8941900975eda | Westminster_Abbey | Henry VII added a perpendicular style chapel dedicated to the Blessed Virgin Mary in 1503 (known as the Henry VII Chapel or the "Lady Chapel"). Much of the stone came from Caen, in France (Caen stone), the Isle of Portland (Portland stone) and the Loire Valley region of France (tuffeau limestone).[citation needed] | Where did the Portland stone come from? | {
"text": [
"Isle of Portland"
],
"answer_start": [
206
]
} |
56e8dbaa99e8941900975edb | Westminster_Abbey | Henry VII added a perpendicular style chapel dedicated to the Blessed Virgin Mary in 1503 (known as the Henry VII Chapel or the "Lady Chapel"). Much of the stone came from Caen, in France (Caen stone), the Isle of Portland (Portland stone) and the Loire Valley region of France (tuffeau limestone).[citation needed] | When was the Lady Chapel added? | {
"text": [
"1503"
],
"answer_start": [
85
]
} |
56e8dca40b45c0140094cd21 | Westminster_Abbey | In 1535, the abbey's one-year income of £2400–2800[citation needed] (£1,310,000 to £1,530,000 as of 2016), during the assessment attendant on the Dissolution of the Monasteries rendered it second in wealth only to Glastonbury Abbey. | When was the abbey's annual income £2400–2800? | {
"text": [
"1535"
],
"answer_start": [
3
]
} |
56e8dca40b45c0140094cd22 | Westminster_Abbey | In 1535, the abbey's one-year income of £2400–2800[citation needed] (£1,310,000 to £1,530,000 as of 2016), during the assessment attendant on the Dissolution of the Monasteries rendered it second in wealth only to Glastonbury Abbey. | What was the abbey's annual income as of 2016? | {
"text": [
"£1,310,000 to £1,530,000"
],
"answer_start": [
67
]
} |
56e8dca40b45c0140094cd23 | Westminster_Abbey | In 1535, the abbey's one-year income of £2400–2800[citation needed] (£1,310,000 to £1,530,000 as of 2016), during the assessment attendant on the Dissolution of the Monasteries rendered it second in wealth only to Glastonbury Abbey. | To which other abbey was Westminster Abbey second in wealth? | {
"text": [
"Glastonbury Abbey"
],
"answer_start": [
212
]
} |
56e8dca40b45c0140094cd24 | Westminster_Abbey | In 1535, the abbey's one-year income of £2400–2800[citation needed] (£1,310,000 to £1,530,000 as of 2016), during the assessment attendant on the Dissolution of the Monasteries rendered it second in wealth only to Glastonbury Abbey. | During what was the abbey made second in wealth? | {
"text": [
"the assessment attendant on the Dissolution of the Monasteries"
],
"answer_start": [
112
]
} |
56e8dd8c0b45c0140094cd29 | Westminster_Abbey | Henry VIII assumed lineal royal control in 1539 and granted the abbey the status of a cathedral by charter in 1540, simultaneously issuing letters patent establishing the Diocese of Westminster. By granting the abbey cathedral status Henry VIII gained an excuse to spare it from the destruction or dissolution which he inflicted on most English abbeys during this period. | When did Henry VIII take direct royal control? | {
"text": [
"1539"
],
"answer_start": [
43
]
} |
56e8dd8c0b45c0140094cd2a | Westminster_Abbey | Henry VIII assumed lineal royal control in 1539 and granted the abbey the status of a cathedral by charter in 1540, simultaneously issuing letters patent establishing the Diocese of Westminster. By granting the abbey cathedral status Henry VIII gained an excuse to spare it from the destruction or dissolution which he inflicted on most English abbeys during this period. | Who gave the abbey status of a cathedral in 1540? | {
"text": [
"Henry VIII"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
56e8dd8c0b45c0140094cd2b | Westminster_Abbey | Henry VIII assumed lineal royal control in 1539 and granted the abbey the status of a cathedral by charter in 1540, simultaneously issuing letters patent establishing the Diocese of Westminster. By granting the abbey cathedral status Henry VIII gained an excuse to spare it from the destruction or dissolution which he inflicted on most English abbeys during this period. | What did the cathedral status save the abbey from? | {
"text": [
"destruction"
],
"answer_start": [
283
]
} |
56e8dd8c0b45c0140094cd2c | Westminster_Abbey | Henry VIII assumed lineal royal control in 1539 and granted the abbey the status of a cathedral by charter in 1540, simultaneously issuing letters patent establishing the Diocese of Westminster. By granting the abbey cathedral status Henry VIII gained an excuse to spare it from the destruction or dissolution which he inflicted on most English abbeys during this period. | What did changing the status of the abbey create? | {
"text": [
"the Diocese of Westminster"
],
"answer_start": [
167
]
} |
56e8de4b99e8941900975ee1 | Westminster_Abbey | Westminster diocese was dissolved in 1550, but the abbey was recognised (in 1552, retroactively to 1550) as a second cathedral of the Diocese of London until 1556. The already-old expression "robbing Peter to give Paul" may have been given a new lease of life when money meant for the abbey, which is dedicated to Saint Peter, was diverted to the treasury of St Paul's Cathedral. | When was Westminster Diocese dissolved? | {
"text": [
"1550"
],
"answer_start": [
37
]
} |
56e8de4b99e8941900975ee2 | Westminster_Abbey | Westminster diocese was dissolved in 1550, but the abbey was recognised (in 1552, retroactively to 1550) as a second cathedral of the Diocese of London until 1556. The already-old expression "robbing Peter to give Paul" may have been given a new lease of life when money meant for the abbey, which is dedicated to Saint Peter, was diverted to the treasury of St Paul's Cathedral. | The abbey was recognised as what until 1556? | {
"text": [
"a second cathedral of the Diocese of London"
],
"answer_start": [
108
]
} |
56e8de4b99e8941900975ee3 | Westminster_Abbey | Westminster diocese was dissolved in 1550, but the abbey was recognised (in 1552, retroactively to 1550) as a second cathedral of the Diocese of London until 1556. The already-old expression "robbing Peter to give Paul" may have been given a new lease of life when money meant for the abbey, which is dedicated to Saint Peter, was diverted to the treasury of St Paul's Cathedral. | Who is the abbey dedicated to? | {
"text": [
"Saint Peter"
],
"answer_start": [
313
]
} |
56e8df710b45c0140094cd31 | Westminster_Abbey | The abbey was restored to the Benedictines under the Catholic Mary I of England, but they were again ejected under Elizabeth I in 1559. In 1560, Elizabeth re-established Westminster as a "Royal Peculiar" – a church of the Church of England responsible directly to the Sovereign, rather than to a diocesan bishop – and made it the Collegiate Church of St Peter (that is, a non-cathedral church with an committed chapter of canons, headed by a dean.) The last of Mary's abbots was made the first dean. | The abbey was regiven to the Benedictines under whom? | {
"text": [
"Mary I of England"
],
"answer_start": [
62
]
} |
56e8df710b45c0140094cd32 | Westminster_Abbey | The abbey was restored to the Benedictines under the Catholic Mary I of England, but they were again ejected under Elizabeth I in 1559. In 1560, Elizabeth re-established Westminster as a "Royal Peculiar" – a church of the Church of England responsible directly to the Sovereign, rather than to a diocesan bishop – and made it the Collegiate Church of St Peter (that is, a non-cathedral church with an committed chapter of canons, headed by a dean.) The last of Mary's abbots was made the first dean. | Who ejected the Benedictines again in 1559? | {
"text": [
"Elizabeth I"
],
"answer_start": [
115
]
} |
56e8df710b45c0140094cd34 | Westminster_Abbey | The abbey was restored to the Benedictines under the Catholic Mary I of England, but they were again ejected under Elizabeth I in 1559. In 1560, Elizabeth re-established Westminster as a "Royal Peculiar" – a church of the Church of England responsible directly to the Sovereign, rather than to a diocesan bishop – and made it the Collegiate Church of St Peter (that is, a non-cathedral church with an committed chapter of canons, headed by a dean.) The last of Mary's abbots was made the first dean. | What was the new name of the abbey when Elizabeth I reestablished it? | {
"text": [
"Collegiate Church of St Peter"
],
"answer_start": [
330
]
} |
56e8df710b45c0140094cd35 | Westminster_Abbey | The abbey was restored to the Benedictines under the Catholic Mary I of England, but they were again ejected under Elizabeth I in 1559. In 1560, Elizabeth re-established Westminster as a "Royal Peculiar" – a church of the Church of England responsible directly to the Sovereign, rather than to a diocesan bishop – and made it the Collegiate Church of St Peter (that is, a non-cathedral church with an committed chapter of canons, headed by a dean.) The last of Mary's abbots was made the first dean. | Who was made the first dean of the new church? | {
"text": [
"The last of Mary's abbots"
],
"answer_start": [
448
]
} |
56e8e01299e8941900975ee9 | Westminster_Abbey | It suffered damage during the turbulent 1640s, when it was attacked by Puritan iconoclasts, but was again protected by its near ties to the state during the Commonwealth period. Oliver Cromwell was given an elaborate funeral there in 1658, only to be disinterred in January 1661 and posthumously hanged from a gibbet at Tyburn. | When did the abbey suffer damage? | {
"text": [
"1640s"
],
"answer_start": [
40
]
} |
56e8e01299e8941900975eea | Westminster_Abbey | It suffered damage during the turbulent 1640s, when it was attacked by Puritan iconoclasts, but was again protected by its near ties to the state during the Commonwealth period. Oliver Cromwell was given an elaborate funeral there in 1658, only to be disinterred in January 1661 and posthumously hanged from a gibbet at Tyburn. | Who attacked the abbey? | {
"text": [
"Puritan iconoclasts"
],
"answer_start": [
71
]
} |
56e8e01299e8941900975eeb | Westminster_Abbey | It suffered damage during the turbulent 1640s, when it was attacked by Puritan iconoclasts, but was again protected by its near ties to the state during the Commonwealth period. Oliver Cromwell was given an elaborate funeral there in 1658, only to be disinterred in January 1661 and posthumously hanged from a gibbet at Tyburn. | What protected the abbey? | {
"text": [
"ties to the state during the Commonwealth"
],
"answer_start": [
129
]
} |
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