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Science, Neuroscience, Neurotechnology, Brain, Paradigm.
Neuroscience biweekly vol. 34, 28th May — 11th June TL;DR Neurological disorders such as Parkinson’s disease and epilepsy have had some treatment success with deep brain stimulation, but those require surgical device implantation. A multidisciplinary team at Washington University in St. Louis has | medium | 4,182 |
Science, Neuroscience, Neurotechnology, Brain, Paradigm.
developed a new brain stimulation technique using focused ultrasound that is able to turn specific types of neurons in the brain on and off and precisely control motor activity without surgical device implantation. Researchers have developed a new technique that allows microscopic fluorescence | medium | 4,183 |
Science, Neuroscience, Neurotechnology, Brain, Paradigm.
imaging at four times the depth limit imposed by light diffusion. Fluorescence microscopy is often used to image molecular and cellular details of the brain in animal models of various diseases but, until now, has been limited to small volumes and highly invasive procedures due to intense light | medium | 4,184 |
Science, Neuroscience, Neurotechnology, Brain, Paradigm.
scattering by the skin and skull. Psychotic disorders come with a progressive decline in IQ. If current drug treatments are successful in containing psychotic symptoms, nothing can be done to prevent the deterioration of intellectual skills that leads to loss of autonomy. Researchers have | medium | 4,185 |
Science, Neuroscience, Neurotechnology, Brain, Paradigm.
discovered that prescription of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) in late childhood can reduce the deterioration of intellectual abilities and have a neuroprotective effect on some of the brain regions affected by the psychotic illness. Researchers have developed a technique that | medium | 4,186 |
Science, Neuroscience, Neurotechnology, Brain, Paradigm.
could allow deep brain stimulation devices to sense activity in the brain and adjust stimulation accordingly. A strange thing sometimes happens when we listen to a spoken phrase again and again: It begins to sound like a song. This phenomenon, called the “speech-to-song illusion,” can offer a | medium | 4,187 |
Science, Neuroscience, Neurotechnology, Brain, Paradigm.
window into how the mind operates and give insight into conditions that affect people’s ability to communicate, like aphasia and aging people’s decreased ability to recall words. Now, researchers from the University of Kansas have published a study in PLOS ONE examining if the speech-to-song | medium | 4,188 |
Science, Neuroscience, Neurotechnology, Brain, Paradigm.
illusion happens in adults who are 55 or older as powerfully as it does with younger people. A team of multiple sclerosis (MS) experts led a pilot randomized controlled trial of robotic-exoskeleton assisted exercise rehabilitation (REAER) effects on mobility, cognition, and brain connectivity in | medium | 4,189 |
Science, Neuroscience, Neurotechnology, Brain, Paradigm.
people with substantial MS-related disability. Their results showed that REAER is likely an effective intervention, and is a promising therapy for improving the lives of those with MS. How old is your brain compared to your chronological age? A new measure of brain health developed by researchers | medium | 4,190 |
Science, Neuroscience, Neurotechnology, Brain, Paradigm.
at Rush University Medical Center may offer a novel approach to identifying individuals at risk of memory and thinking problems, according to research results published in Alzheimer’s & Dementia: The Journal of the Alzheimer’s Association. Through the Abecedarian Project, an early education, | medium | 4,191 |
Science, Neuroscience, Neurotechnology, Brain, Paradigm.
randomized controlled trial that has followed children since 1971, researchers have discovered an enhanced learning environment during the first five years of life shapes the brain in ways that are apparent four decades later. Stroke survivors’ recovery of speech predicted by computer simulation: | medium | 4,192 |
Science, Neuroscience, Neurotechnology, Brain, Paradigm.
Researchers have developed new methods to predict a person’s ability to improve language skills even before they start therapy. Scientists have recorded blood oxygen levels in the hippocampus and provided experimental proof for why the area is vulnerable to damage and degeneration, a precursor to | medium | 4,193 |
Science, Neuroscience, Neurotechnology, Brain, Paradigm.
Alzheimer’s disease. Nature neuroscience June issue is now live. Neuroscience market The global neuroscience market size was valued at USD 28.4 billion in 2016 and it is expected to reach USD 38.9 billion by 2027. Latest news and researches Sonothermogenetics for noninvasive and cell-type specific | medium | 4,194 |
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deep brain neuromodulation by Yaoheng Yang, Christopher Pham Pacia, Dezhuang Ye, Lifei Zhu, Hongchae Baek, Yimei Yue, Jinyun Yuan, Mark J. Miller, Jianmin Cui, Joseph P. Culver, Michael R. Bruchas, Hong Chen in Brain Stimulation Neurological disorders such as Parkinson’s disease and epilepsy have | medium | 4,195 |
Science, Neuroscience, Neurotechnology, Brain, Paradigm.
had some treatment success with deep brain stimulation, but those require surgical device implantation. A multidisciplinary team at Washington University in St. Louis has developed a new brain stimulation technique using focused ultrasound that is able to turn specific types of neurons in the brain | medium | 4,196 |
Science, Neuroscience, Neurotechnology, Brain, Paradigm.
on and off and precisely control motor activity without surgical device implantation. The team, led by Hong Chen, assistant professor of biomedical engineering in the McKelvey School of Engineering and of radiation oncology at the School of Medicine, is the first to provide direct evidence showing | medium | 4,197 |
Science, Neuroscience, Neurotechnology, Brain, Paradigm.
noninvasive, cell-type-specific activation of neurons in the brain of mammal by combining ultrasound-induced heating effect and genetics, which they have named sonothermogenetics. It is also the first work to show that the ultrasound- genetics combination can robustly control behavior by | medium | 4,198 |
Science, Neuroscience, Neurotechnology, Brain, Paradigm.
stimulating a specific target deep in the brain. The senior research team included experts from both the McKelvey School of Engineering and the School of Medicine, including Jianmin Cui, professor of biomedical engineering; Joseph P. Culver, professor of radiology, of physics and of biomedical | medium | 4,199 |
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engineering; Mark J. Miller, associate professor of medicine in the Division of Infectious Diseases in the Department of Medicine; and Michael Bruchas, formerly of Washington University, now professor of anesthesiology and pharmacology at the University of Washington. “Our work provided evidence | medium | 4,200 |
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that sonothermogenetics evokes behavioral responses in freely moving mice while targeting a deep brain site,” Chen said. “Sonothermogenetics has the potential to transform our approaches for neuroscience research and uncover new methods to understand and treat human brain disorders.” Using a mouse | medium | 4,201 |
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model, Chen and the team delivered a viral construct containing TRPV1 ion channels to genetically-selected neurons. Then, they delivered small burst of heat via low-intensity focused ultrasound to the select neurons in the brain via a wearable device. The heat, only a few degrees warmer than body | medium | 4,202 |
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temperature, activated the TRPV1 ion channel, which acted as a switch to turn the neurons on or off. “We can move the ultrasound device worn on the head of free-moving mice around to target different locations in the whole brain,” said Yaoheng Yang, first author of the paper and a graduate student | medium | 4,203 |
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in biomedical engineering. “Because it is noninvasive, this technique has the potential to be scaled up to large animals and potentially humans in the future.” The work builds on research conducted in Cui’s lab that was published in Scientific Reports in 2016. Cui and his team found for the first | medium | 4,204 |
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time that ultrasound alone can influence ion channel activity and could lead to new and noninvasive ways to control the activity of specific cells. In their work, they found that focused ultrasound modulated the currents flowing through the ion channels on average by up to 23%, depending on channel | medium | 4,205 |
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and stimulus intensity. Following this work, researchers found close to 10 ion channels with this capability, but all of them are mechanosensitive, not thermosensitive. The work also builds on the concept of optogenetics, the combination of the targeted expression of light-sensitive ion channels | medium | 4,206 |
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and the precise delivery of light to stimulate neurons deep in the brain. While optogenetics has increased discovery of new neural circuits, it is limited in penetration depth due to light scattering and requires surgical implantation of optical fibers. Sonothermogenetics has the promise to target | medium | 4,207 |
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any location in the mouse brain with millimeter-scale resolution without causing any damage to the brain, Chen said. She and the team continue to optimize the technique and further validate their findings. Diffuse optical localization imaging for noninvasive deep brain microangiography in the | medium | 4,208 |
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NIR-II window by Quanyu Zhou, Zhenyue Chen, Justine Robin, Xosé-Luís Deán-Ben, Daniel Razansky in Optica Researchers have developed a new technique that allows microscopic fluorescence imaging at four times the depth limit imposed by light diffusion. Fluorescence microscopy is often used to image | medium | 4,209 |
Science, Neuroscience, Neurotechnology, Brain, Paradigm.
molecular and cellular details of the brain in animal models of various diseases but, until now, has been limited to small volumes and highly invasive procedures due to intense light scattering by the skin and skull. “Visualization of biological dynamics in an unperturbed environment, deep in a | medium | 4,210 |
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living organism, is essential for understanding the complex biology of living organisms and progression of diseases,” said research team leader Daniel Razansky from the University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, both in Switzerland. “Our study represents the first time that 3D fluorescence microscopy has | medium | 4,211 |
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been performed fully noninvasively at capillary level resolution in an adult mouse brain, effectively covering a field of view of about 1 centimeter.” The researchers describe their new technique, which is called diffuse optical localization imaging (DOLI). It takes advantage of what is known as | medium | 4,212 |
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the second near-infrared (NIR-II) spectral window from 1000 to 1700 nanometers, which exhibits less scattering. “Enabling high-resolution optical observations in deep living tissues represents a long-standing goal in the biomedical imaging field,” said Razansky. “DOLI’s superb resolution for | medium | 4,213 |
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deep-tissue optical observations can provide functional insights into the brain, making it a promising platform for studying neural activity, microcirculation, neurovascular coupling and neurodegeneration.” Concept of diffuse optical localization imaging (DOLI) and characterization of | medium | 4,214 |
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microdroplets. (a) Layout of DOLI setup. A monochromatic laser beam illuminates fluorescent targets hidden behind the scattering media with backscattered fluorescence light detected by a SWIR camera. (b) WF image of microdroplets captured with a commercial bright-field microscope. © Histogram of | medium | 4,215 |
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microdroplet diameter distribution. (d) Localization and image formation workflow. (e) Experimental arrangement for measuring dependence of the PSF on the target depth in a scattering medium. (f) WF image of the microfluidic chip captured with the SWIR camera. (g) The recorded fluorescence spot | medium | 4,216 |
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size (FWHM of the line profiles) as a function of the target depth; both raw data and curve fitting are shown. For the new technique, the researchers intravenously inject a living mouse with fluorescent microdroplets at a concentration that creates a sparse distribution in the bloodstream. Tracking | medium | 4,217 |
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these flowing targets enables reconstruction of a high-resolution map of the deep cerebral microvasculature in the mouse brain. “The method eliminates background light scattering and is performed with the scalp and skull intact,” said Razansky. “Interestingly, we also observed strong dependence of | medium | 4,218 |
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the spot size recorded by the camera on microdroplet’s depth in the brain, which enabled depth-resolved imaging.” The new approach benefits from the recent introduction of highly efficient short-wave infrared cameras based on InGaAs sensors. Another key building block was the use of novel contrast | medium | 4,219 |
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agents exhibiting strong fluorescence responses in the NIR-II window, such as lead sulfide (PbS)-based quantum dots. The researchers first tested the new technique in synthetic models of tissue known as tissue phantoms that mimic average brain tissue properties, demonstrating that they could | medium | 4,220 |
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acquire microscopic resolution images at depths of up to 4 millimeters in optically opaque tissues. They then performed DOLI in living mice where cerebral microvasculature as well as blood flow velocity and direction could be visualized entirely noninvasively. The researchers are working to | medium | 4,221 |
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optimize precision in all three dimensions to improve DOLI’s resolution. They are also developing improved fluorescent agents that are smaller, have stronger fluorescence intensity and are more stable in vivo. This will significantly boost DOLI’s performance in terms of the achievable signal to | medium | 4,222 |
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noise and imaging depth. “We expect that DOLI will emerge as a powerful approach for fluorescence imaging of living organisms at previously inaccessible depth and resolution regimes,” said Razansky. “This will greatly enhance the in vivo applicability of fluorescence microscopy and tomography | medium | 4,223 |
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techniques.” Long-term effects of early treatment with SSRIs on cognition and brain development in individuals with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome by Valentina Mancini, Johanna Maeder, Karin Bortolin, Maude Schneider, Marie Schaer, Stephan Eliez in Translational Psychiatry One person in 2000 suffers | medium | 4,224 |
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from a microdeletion of chromosome 22 that can lead to the development of psychotic disorders, such as schizophrenia, in adolescence. In addition to symptoms such as hallucinations or delusions, psychotic disorders also come with a progressive decline in intelligence quotient (IQ). If current drug | medium | 4,225 |
Science, Neuroscience, Neurotechnology, Brain, Paradigm.
treatments are successful in containing psychotic symptoms, nothing can be done to prevent the deterioration of intellectual skills that leads to loss of autonomy. Researchers at the University of Geneva (UNIGE), Switzerland, have discovered that prescription of selective serotonin reuptake | medium | 4,226 |
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inhibitors (SSRIs) — a class of drugs used to treat anxiety and depression -in late childhood can reduce the deterioration of intellectual abilities, and have a neuroprotective effect on some of the brain regions affected by the psychotic illness. This study, to be read in the journal Translational | medium | 4,227 |
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Psychiatry, opens up a new field of research and new hope for people affected by the microdeletion of chromosome 22. The average IQ is around 100 points. However, for people who may develop a psychotic illness, such as those with a microdeletion of chromosome 22, the average drops to 70–80 points. | medium | 4,228 |
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“The problem is that when a psychotic disorder occurs, such as schizophrenia, the brain frontal lobe and the hippocampus are particularly affected, which leads to the gradual deterioration of already below-average intellectual capacities,” explains Valentina Mancini, a researcher in the Department | medium | 4,229 |
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of Psychiatry at UNIGE Faculty of Medicine and first author of the study. From then on, the average IQ drops to around 65–70 points, leading to a loss of autonomy that requires a protected environment. “At present, drug treatments manage to contain psychotic symptoms, such as hallucinations, | medium | 4,230 |
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anxiety or distortion of reality, but there is no treatment that can reduce the deterioration of affected people’s intellectual capacities,” notes the Geneva researcher. The team of Stéphan Eliez, professor in the Department of Psychiatry at UNIGE Faculty of Medicine, has been following 200 | medium | 4,231 |
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patients affected by the microdeletion of chromosome 22 for the past 20 years. “30 to 40% of them developed schizophrenia psychotic disorder,” he explains. “Thanks to this cohort, we found that people suffering from this syndrome lost 7 to 8 IQ points from childhood to adulthood. This figure rises | medium | 4,232 |
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to 15 IQ points for those who developed psychotic disorders.” Yet the physicians noted that two to three teenagers a year are exceptions, and even gained IQ points. Why? “We made a comprehensive analysis of these patients’ medical data to find out any common feature in the treatments prescribed to | medium | 4,233 |
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them by their GP,” explains Valentina Mancini. Two observations caught their attention. The first is the prescription of small, regular doses of SSRIs — a drug that increases the levels of serotonin, a neurotransmitter involved in the regulation of behaviour — in late childhood and throughout | medium | 4,234 |
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adolescence. “These drugs increase neurogenesis and act on synaptic plasticity. They are prescribed today to reduce anxiety and depressive symptoms,” explains the Geneva researcher. And the younger the patients received this treatment, at around 10–12 years of age, the more the frontal lobe and the | medium | 4,235 |
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hippocampus — and therefore the intellectual capacities — were preserved from deterioration caused by the psychotic illness. The second observation is that a neuroleptic drug — prescribed in small doses to control psychotic symptoms such as hallucinations or delusions — also seems to have a | medium | 4,236 |
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positive effect if added to SSRIs during adolescence. “These two medications, especially when combined, have thus preserved the anatomical structure of the brain affected by the degradation responsible for the decline in intellectual capacity,” remarks Stéphan Eliez. This study provides for the | medium | 4,237 |
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first time an indication of a neuroprotective preventive treatment for the development and preservation of IQ. “It should be stressed that too great a deterioration of intellectual skills progressively leads to a very problematic psychosocial dependence. Here, we could succeed in protecting this | medium | 4,238 |
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population,” notes Stéphan Eliez. Once the results of this study are confirmed, the effect of SSRIs could be tested on other types of patients and possibly prescribed preventively to people at risk of intellectual deterioration, such as individuals with other genetic syndromes like Fragile X or | medium | 4,239 |
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Down’s syndrome, or children of schizophrenic parents. “We also want to investigate whether the 3% to 4% of adolescents in the general population who develop psychotic symptoms would see this risk reduced by taking this drug,” continues Valentina Mancini. The Geneva team will now compare the | medium | 4,240 |
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results obtained from their research cohort with international databases in order to confirm the neuroprotective role induced by these treatments prescribed at the end of childhood, adolescence being the critical phase for the onset of psychotic diseases. Developmental trajectories of full-scale IQ | medium | 4,241 |
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(FSIQ), performance IQ (PIQ) and verbal IQ (VIQ) scores in deletion carriers with and without treatment with SSRIs (upper panel) and deletion carriers endorsing psychotic symptoms with and without treatment with SSRIs (lower panel)). Uncovering biomarkers during therapeutic neuromodulation with | medium | 4,242 |
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PARRM: Period-based Artifact Reconstruction and Removal Method by Evan M. Dastin-van Rijn, Nicole R. Provenza, Jonathan S. Calvert, Ro’ee Gilron, Anusha B. Allawala, Radu Darie, Sohail Syed, Evan Matteson, Gregory S. Vogt, Michelle Avendano-Ortega, Ana C. Vasquez, Nithya Ramakrishnan, Denise N. | medium | 4,243 |
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Oswalt, Kelly R. Bijanki, Robert Wilt, Philip A. Starr, Sameer A. Sheth, Wayne K. Goodman, Matthew T. Harrison, David A. Borton in Cell Reports Methods By delivering small electrical pulses directly to the brain, deep brain stimulation (DBS) can ease tremors associated with Parkinson’s disease or | medium | 4,244 |
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help relieve chronic pain. The technique works well for many patients, but researchers would like to make DBS devices that are a little smarter by adding the capability to sense activity in the brain and adapt stimulation accordingly. Now, a new algorithm developed by Brown University bioengineers | medium | 4,245 |
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could be an important step toward such adaptive DBS. The algorithm removes a key hurdle that makes it difficult for DBS systems to sense brain signals while simultaneously delivering stimulation. “We know that there are electrical signals in the brain associated with disease states, and we’d like | medium | 4,246 |
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to be able to record those signals and use them to adjust neuromodulation therapy automatically,” said David Borton, an assistant professor of biomedical engineering at Brown and corresponding author of a study describing the algorithm. “The problem is that stimulation creates electrical artifacts | medium | 4,247 |
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that corrupt the signals we’re trying to record. So we’ve developed a means of identifying and removing those artifacts, so all that’s left is the signal of interest from the brain.” The work was co-led by Nicole Provenza, a Ph.D. candidate working in Borton’s lab at Brown, and Evan Dastin-van | medium | 4,248 |
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Rijn, a Ph.D. student at the University of Minnesota who worked on the project while he was an undergraduate at Brown advised by Borton and Matthew Harrison, an associate professor of applied mathematics. Borton’s lab is affiliated the Brown’s Carney Institute for Brain Science. DBS systems | medium | 4,249 |
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typically consist of an electrode implanted in the brain that’s connected to a pacemaker-like device implanted in the chest. Electrical pulses are delivered at a consistent frequency, which is set by a doctor. The stimulation frequency can be adjusted as disease states change, but this has to be | medium | 4,250 |
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done manually by a physician. If devices could sense biomarkers of disease and respond automatically, it could lead to more effective DBS therapy with potentially fewer side effects. There are several factors that make it difficult to sense and stimulate at the same time, the researchers say. For | medium | 4,251 |
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one thing, the frequency signature of the stimulation artifact can sometimes overlap with that of the brain signal researchers want to detect. So merely cutting out swaths of frequency to eliminate artifacts might also remove important signals. To eliminate the artifact and leave other data intact, | medium | 4,252 |
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the exact waveform of the artifact needs to be identified, which presents another problem. Implanted brain sensors are generally designed to run on minimal power, so the rate at which sensors sample electrical signals makes for fairly low-resolution data. Accurately identifying the artifact | medium | 4,253 |
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waveform with such low-resolution data is a challenge. To get around that problem, the researchers came up with a way to turn low-resolution data into a high-resolution picture of the waveform. Even though sensors don’t collect high-resolution data, they do collect a lot of data over time. Using | medium | 4,254 |
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some clever mathematics, the Brown team found a way to cobble bits of data together into a high-resolution picture of the artifact waveform. “We basically take an average of samples recorded at similar points along the artifact waveform,” Dastin-van Rijn said. “That allows us to predict the | medium | 4,255 |
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contribution of the artifact in those kinds of samples, and then remove it.” In a series of laboratory experiments and computer simulations, the team showed that their algorithm outperforms other techniques in its ability to separate signal from artifact. The team also used the algorithm on | medium | 4,256 |
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previously collected data from humans and animal models to show that they could accurately identify artifacts and remove them. “I think one big advantage to our method is that even when the signal of interest closely resembles the simulation artifact, our method can still tell the difference | medium | 4,257 |
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between the two,” Provenza said. “So that way we’re able to get rid of the artifact while leaving the signal intact.” Another advantage, the researchers say, is that the algorithm isn’t computationally expensive. It could potentially run in real time on current DBS devices. That opens the door to | medium | 4,258 |
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real-time artifact-filtering, which would enable simultaneous recording and stimulation. “That’s the key to an adaptive system,” Borton said. “Being able to get rid of the stimulation artifact while still recording important biomarkers is what will ultimately enable a closed-loop therapeutic | medium | 4,259 |
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system.” Does age affect perception of the Speech-to-Song Illusion? by Hollie A. C. Mullin, Evan A. Norkey, Anisha Kodwani, Michael S. Vitevitch, Nichol Castro in PLOS ONE A strange thing sometimes happens when we listen to a spoken phrase again and again: It begins to sound like a song. This | medium | 4,260 |
Science, Neuroscience, Neurotechnology, Brain, Paradigm.
phenomenon, called the “speech-to-song illusion,” can offer a window into how the mind operates and give insight into conditions that affect people’s ability to communicate, like aphasia and aging people’s decreased ability to recall words. Now, researchers from the University of Kansas have | medium | 4,261 |
Science, Neuroscience, Neurotechnology, Brain, Paradigm.
published a study in PLOS ONE examining if the speech-to-song illusion happens in adults who are 55 or older as powerfully as it does with younger people. The KU team recruited 199 participants electronically on Amazon’s Mechanical Turk (MTurk), a website used to conduct research in the field of | medium | 4,262 |
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psychology. The subjects listened to a sound file that exemplified the speech-to-song illusion, then completed surveys relating to three different studies. “In the first study, we just played them the canonical stimulus made by the researcher that discovered this illusion — if that can’t create the | medium | 4,263 |
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illusion, then nothing can,” said co-author Michael Vitevitch, professor of psychology at KU. “Then we simply asked people, ‘Did you experience the illusion or not?’ There was no difference in the age of the number of people that said yes or no.” While the researchers hypothesized fewer older | medium | 4,264 |
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people would perceive the illusion than younger people, the study showed no difference due to age. While older and younger people perceived the speech-to-song illusion at the same rates, in the second study investigators sought to discover if older people experienced it less powerfully. “We thought | medium | 4,265 |
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maybe ‘yes or no’ was too coarse of a measurement, so let’s try to use a five-point rating scale,” Vitevitch said. “Maybe older adults would rate it as being a little bit more speech-like and younger adults will rate it as being more song-like and you’ll see it on this five-point scale, maybe. But | medium | 4,266 |
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there was no difference in the numbers with the younger and older adults.” In the third study, Vitevitch wanted to see if older adults perhaps experience the illusion more slowly than younger people. “We thought maybe it’s not the strength of the illusion that’s different but maybe it’s when the | medium | 4,267 |
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illusion occurred,” he said. “So, we did a final study and asked people to click a button on the screen when their perception shifted from speech to song — we thought maybe older adults would need a few more repetitions for it to switch over. But we got the same number for both younger adults and | medium | 4,268 |
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older.” Nodes representing phonemes, syllables, and semantic information associated with the word frisbee as it might be represented in Node Structure Theory. Additional higher-level and lower-level nodes have been omitted to simplify the image. Vitevitch’s co-authors were KU undergraduate | medium | 4,269 |
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researchers Hollie Mullin, Evan Norkey and Anisha Kodwani, as well as Nichol Castro of the University of Buffalo. According to Vitevitch, the findings might translate to good news for older adults. “We have this common misconception that everything goes downhill cognitively as we age,” said the KU | medium | 4,270 |
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researcher. “That’s not the case. There are some things that do get worse with age, but there are some things that actually get better with age, and some things that stay consistent with age — in the case of this illusion, you’re going to get equally suckered whether you’re an older adult or a | medium | 4,271 |
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younger adult.” In another aspect of the research, the investigators found people with musical training experienced the speech-to-song illusion at similar rates as people with no background in music. “There’s a debate about whether musicians or musically trained people experienced the illusion more | medium | 4,272 |
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or less or sooner or more strongly,” Vitevitch said. “We looked at it and there was really no difference there either. Musicians and non-musically trained people experience this at about the same rates and have the same sort of experience. The amount of musical training didn’t matter. It was just | medium | 4,273 |
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amazingly consistent however we looked at it.” Not everybody experiences the speech-to-song illusion. The study found about 73% of participants heard spoken words become song-like after several repetitions. But the ability to perceive it didn’t correlate to age or musical training. A pilot | medium | 4,274 |
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randomized controlled trial of robotic exoskeleton-assisted exercise rehabilitation in multiple sclerosis by Ghaith J. Androwis, Brian M. Sandroff, Peter Niewrzol, Farris Fakhoury, Glenn R. Wylie, Guang Yue, John DeLuca in Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders A team of multiple sclerosis (MS) | medium | 4,275 |
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experts at Kessler Foundation led the first pilot randomized controlled trial of robotic-exoskeleton assisted exercise rehabilitation (REAER) effects on mobility, cognition, and brain connectivity in people with substantial MS-related disability. Their results showed that REAER is likely an | medium | 4,276 |
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effective intervention, and is a promising therapy for improving the lives of those with MS. It is common for people with MS to experience impairments in both mobility and cognition, and few therapies exist to manage the range of debilitating symptoms. This lack of treatment options is a major | medium | 4,277 |
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problem for people with MS, especially those with substantial MS-related neurological disability. Previous research shows that exercise rehabilitation, such as walking, is an effective approach to symptom management, with some research suggesting that even a single exercise rehabilitation | medium | 4,278 |
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intervention can improve both mobility and cognition. Yet there is a lack of efficacy of exercise rehabilitation on mobility and cognitive outcomes in people with MS who have substantial disability. Adaptive exercise rehabilitation approaches such as body-weight supported treadmill training and | medium | 4,279 |
Science, Neuroscience, Neurotechnology, Brain, Paradigm.
robot-assisted gait training have not demonstrated convincing results. Moreover, adaptive interventions lack key interactions between patients and therapists that may improve efficacy. In this pilot study of 10 participants with significant MS-related neurological disability, researchers explored | medium | 4,280 |
Science, Neuroscience, Neurotechnology, Brain, Paradigm.
the use of robotic exoskeletons to manage symptoms. Rehabilitation exercise using robotic exoskeletons is a relatively new approach that enables participants to walk over-ground in a progressive regimen that involves close engagement with a therapist. The Foundation has dedicated a Ekso NR to MS | medium | 4,281 |
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