updated test split
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agxqa-test-2024-06-11.jsonl
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{"id": "152", "category": "Irrigation", "context": "Average percent of fields by year fitting into the six categories. The dry years 2020, '21 and '22 are different than the other years. In 2017, out of 86 reports, 28% were ranked good, 10% were fair, 13% were wet late, 13% were wet early, 22% were wet all season, and 14% were very wet all season. ", "question": "In 2017 out of 86 reports, what percentage of Nebraska fields were ranked fair?", "answers": {"answer_start": [185], "text": ["10%"]}, "references": "Heeren, D., Barker, J. B., Lo, T. H., Melvin, S., Martin, D., & Luck, J. (2017). Considerations in Adopting Variable Rate Irrigation | UNL Water. https://water.unl.edu/article/agricultural-irrigation/considerations-adopting-variable-rate-irrigation"}
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{"id": "360", "category": "Irrigation", "context": "Pressure differences along the system can be attributed to elevation change and pipeline friction losses. When the sprinkler design flow rate varies by at least 10% for more than 15% of the system due to pressure differences, the use of pressure regulators is encouraged.", "question": "what are pressure changes along the system attributed to?", "answers": {"answer_start": [59], "text": ["elevation change and pipeline friction losses"]}, "references": "Rudnick, D. (2016). Sprinkler Irrigation System Maintenance for Improved Uniformity and Application Efficiency | CropWatch | University of Nebraska\u2013Lincoln. https://cropwatch.unl.edu/2016/sprinkler-irrigation-system-maintenance-improved-uniformity-and-application-efficiency"}
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{"id": "166", "category": "Irrigation", "context": "The top foot will go above field capacity (30cb) after every irrigation or heavy rain. However, if the second foot gets above 30 cb, it would indicate that over-irrigation is occurring. The data in the chart indicated that the field was this dry on a given day and not how many days the soil was drier than 70 cb. The 70 cb level is equal to about 70% of plant available water (PAW) and stress should not start until below 50% of PAW during the summer and 40% in late August and September. Soil types such as those with high sand or clay content would require different levels other than 30 and 70 cb. ", "question": "what is 70cb equivalent to in terms of plant available water?", "answers": {"answer_start": [348], "text": ["70% of plant available water (PAW)"]}, "references": "Melvin, S. (2023). Study Reviews Farmer Irrigation Scheduling Tendencies in Dry Years. UNL CropWatch. https://cropwatch.unl.edu/2023/study-reviews-farmer-irrigation-scheduling-tendencies-dry-years"}
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{"id": "481", "category": "Irrigation", "context":
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{"id": "181", "category": "Irrigation", "context": "The analysis focused on dividing the fields into one of six categories based on the soil water levels in the heart of the season (July and August) and on Sept. 15. The six categories were developed based on the readings from the Watermark sensors. The sensors generate data reported in centibars and have a range from 0 (wet) to 240 (dryer) centibars (cb). Centibar is a unit of measure that refers to the force required by the plant to pull the water out of the soil and into the plant. Typically, installations use a set of three sensors, with one sensor installed at six to 12 inches, one at 18-24 inches, and one at 30-36 inches. ", "question": "what unit is data generated from Watermark sensors reported in?", "answers": {"answer_start": [286], "text": ["centibars"]}, "references": "Melvin, S. (2023). Study Reviews Farmer Irrigation Scheduling Tendencies in Dry Years. UNL CropWatch. https://cropwatch.unl.edu/2023/study-reviews-farmer-irrigation-scheduling-tendencies-dry-years"}
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{"id": "98", "category": "Irrigation", "context": "Percent of fields that became wetter moving from August to Sept. 15. The dry years 2020, '21 and '22 fields are much drier than the other years in the fall. In 2017, 72% of fields with soil in the 15-25 in zone became wetter from August to Sept. 15, 75% of fields with soil in the 25-36 in zone became wetter from August to Sept. 15, and 66% of fields with soil in both zones became wetter moving from August to Sept. 15. ", "question": "what percentage of fields with soil in the 15-25 inch zone and 25-36 inch zone became wetter from August to Sept. 15 in 2017?", "answers": {"answer_start": [339], "text": ["66%"]}, "references": "Melvin, S. (2023). Study Reviews Farmer Irrigation Scheduling Tendencies in Dry Years. UNL CropWatch. https://cropwatch.unl.edu/2023/study-reviews-farmer-irrigation-scheduling-tendencies-dry-years"}
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{"id": "309", "category": "Irrigation", "context":
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{"id": "536", "category": "Irrigation", "context": "The description of a speed control VRI system is that its application rate is varied by changing the speed of the pivot and that the irrigation management zones are pie slice shaped. Considerations for the speed control VRI system are that it is relatively inexpensive - many picot panels are capable without additional investment. It also needs no special hardware on the sprinklers. Example uses of it are if spatial variation lines up well with pie slices, varying application based on topography (e.g. reduced application on low spots) if it lines up pie slices, multiple crops or varieties under one pivot, and on-farm research. ", "question": "what are some example uses of speed control VRI systems?", "answers": {"answer_start": [408], "text": ["if spatial variation lines up well with pie slices, varying application based on topography (e.g. reduced application on low spots) if it lines up pie slices, multiple crops or varieties under one pivot, and on-farm research"]}, "references": "Yonts, C. D., Melvin, S., & Eisenhauer, D. E. (2008). Predicting the Last Irrigation of the Season. UNL Extension Publications. https://extensionpubs.unl.edu/publication/g1871/html/view"}
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{"id": "475", "category": "Irrigation", "context": "The last few irrigations of the season require some of the most important water management decisions of the year. An extra irrigation may mean wasting 1 to 3 inches of water and 2 to 5 gallons of diesel fuel per acre. Furrow irrigators may want to decide sooner due to the typical higher application amounts with flood, while pivot irrigators can delay the decision and take advantage of any rainfall that may occur. ", "question": "how many gallons of diesel fuel could be wasted per acre as a result from an extra irrigation late in the season?", "answers": {"answer_start": [178], "text": ["2 to 5 gallons"]}, "references": "Melvin, S. (2017). Predicting Late-Season Irrigation Needs. UNL Water. https://water.unl.edu/article/agricultural-irrigation/predicting-late-season-irrigation-needs"}
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{"id": "155", "category": "Irrigation", "context": "Average percent of fields by year fitting into the six categories. The dry years 2020, '21 and '22 are different than the other years. In 2017, out of 86 reports, 28% were ranked good, 10% were fair, 13% were wet late, 13% were wet early, 22% were wet all season, and 14% were very wet all season. ", "question": "In 2017 out of 86 reports, what percentage of Nebraska fields were considered wet all season?", "answers": {"answer_start": [239], "text": ["22%"]}, "references": "Heeren, D., Barker, J. B., Lo, T. H., Melvin, S., Martin, D., & Luck, J. (2017). Considerations in Adopting Variable Rate Irrigation | UNL Water. https://water.unl.edu/article/agricultural-irrigation/considerations-adopting-variable-rate-irrigation"}
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{"id": "152", "category": "Irrigation", "context": "Average percent of fields by year fitting into the six categories. The dry years 2020, '21 and '22 are different than the other years. In 2017, out of 86 reports, 28% were ranked good, 10% were fair, 13% were wet late, 13% were wet early, 22% were wet all season, and 14% were very wet all season. ", "question": "In 2017 out of 86 reports, what percentage of Nebraska fields were ranked fair?", "answers": {"answer_start": [185], "text": ["10%"]}, "references": "Heeren, D., Barker, J. B., Lo, T. H., Melvin, S., Martin, D., & Luck, J. (2017). Considerations in Adopting Variable Rate Irrigation | UNL Water. https://water.unl.edu/article/agricultural-irrigation/considerations-adopting-variable-rate-irrigation"}
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{"id": "360", "category": "Irrigation", "context": "Pressure differences along the system can be attributed to elevation change and pipeline friction losses. When the sprinkler design flow rate varies by at least 10% for more than 15% of the system due to pressure differences, the use of pressure regulators is encouraged.", "question": "what are pressure changes along the system attributed to?", "answers": {"answer_start": [59], "text": ["elevation change and pipeline friction losses"]}, "references": "Rudnick, D. (2016). Sprinkler Irrigation System Maintenance for Improved Uniformity and Application Efficiency | CropWatch | University of Nebraska\u2013Lincoln. https://cropwatch.unl.edu/2016/sprinkler-irrigation-system-maintenance-improved-uniformity-and-application-efficiency"}
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{"id": "166", "category": "Irrigation", "context": "The top foot will go above field capacity (30cb) after every irrigation or heavy rain. However, if the second foot gets above 30 cb, it would indicate that over-irrigation is occurring. The data in the chart indicated that the field was this dry on a given day and not how many days the soil was drier than 70 cb. The 70 cb level is equal to about 70% of plant available water (PAW) and stress should not start until below 50% of PAW during the summer and 40% in late August and September. Soil types such as those with high sand or clay content would require different levels other than 30 and 70 cb. ", "question": "what is 70cb equivalent to in terms of plant available water?", "answers": {"answer_start": [348], "text": ["70% of plant available water (PAW)"]}, "references": "Melvin, S. (2023). Study Reviews Farmer Irrigation Scheduling Tendencies in Dry Years. UNL CropWatch. https://cropwatch.unl.edu/2023/study-reviews-farmer-irrigation-scheduling-tendencies-dry-years"}
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{"id": "481", "category": "Irrigation", "context": "To learn more about the secondary aquifers of Nebraska, download the Conservation and Survey Division publication titled 'An Overview of Secondary Aquifers in Nebraska' available at http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/conservationsurvey/138. Questions regarding western Nebraska aquifers may be directed to xxxxx xxxxxx atxxxxxxxxxxxxx; questions regarding eastern Nebraska aquifers may be directed to xxxx xxxxxx atxxxxxxxxxxxxx. ", "question": "what is the link to the Conservation and Survey Division publication titled 'An Overview of Secondary Aquifers in Nebraska' ?", "answers": {"answer_start": [182], "text": ["xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx"]}, "references": "Divine, D. (2017). An Overview of Secondary Aquifers in Nebraska | UNL Water. https://water.unl.edu/article/agricultural-irrigation/overview-seondary-aquifers-nebraska"}
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{"id": "181", "category": "Irrigation", "context": "The analysis focused on dividing the fields into one of six categories based on the soil water levels in the heart of the season (July and August) and on Sept. 15. The six categories were developed based on the readings from the Watermark sensors. The sensors generate data reported in centibars and have a range from 0 (wet) to 240 (dryer) centibars (cb). Centibar is a unit of measure that refers to the force required by the plant to pull the water out of the soil and into the plant. Typically, installations use a set of three sensors, with one sensor installed at six to 12 inches, one at 18-24 inches, and one at 30-36 inches. ", "question": "what unit is data generated from Watermark sensors reported in?", "answers": {"answer_start": [286], "text": ["centibars"]}, "references": "Melvin, S. (2023). Study Reviews Farmer Irrigation Scheduling Tendencies in Dry Years. UNL CropWatch. https://cropwatch.unl.edu/2023/study-reviews-farmer-irrigation-scheduling-tendencies-dry-years"}
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{"id": "98", "category": "Irrigation", "context": "Percent of fields that became wetter moving from August to Sept. 15. The dry years 2020, '21 and '22 fields are much drier than the other years in the fall. In 2017, 72% of fields with soil in the 15-25 in zone became wetter from August to Sept. 15, 75% of fields with soil in the 25-36 in zone became wetter from August to Sept. 15, and 66% of fields with soil in both zones became wetter moving from August to Sept. 15. ", "question": "what percentage of fields with soil in the 15-25 inch zone and 25-36 inch zone became wetter from August to Sept. 15 in 2017?", "answers": {"answer_start": [339], "text": ["66%"]}, "references": "Melvin, S. (2023). Study Reviews Farmer Irrigation Scheduling Tendencies in Dry Years. UNL CropWatch. https://cropwatch.unl.edu/2023/study-reviews-farmer-irrigation-scheduling-tendencies-dry-years"}
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{"id": "309", "category": "Irrigation", "context": "Once you have your ETgage out, we hope that you will once again post your weekly readings to the NAWMN website at https://nawmn.unl.edu. As a reminder, once you are on the main screen, you can login to your site by entering your site name and password and clicking on 'Login'. Once you have logged in, you will be taken to your weekly data from past weeks, including last year. To enter your weekly data, click on the 'Add new ETgage reading' link which will take you to the data entry page where you can enter your growth stage, rainfall, and ETgage change. If you've forgotten your site name or password, please contact xxxxx xxxxxx at xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx orxxxxxxxxxxxxx. ", "question": "where should an irrigator post their weekly evapotranspiration readings using their ETgage?", "answers": {"answer_start": [96], "text": [" NAWMN website at https://nawmn.unl.edu"]}, "references": "Nygren, A. (2017). Value of Using Sensors to Manage Irrigation and Tips for Proper Installation | UNL Water. https://water.unl.edu/article/agricultural-irrigation/value-using-sensors-manage-irrigation-and-tips-proper-installation"}
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{"id": "536", "category": "Irrigation", "context": "The description of a speed control VRI system is that its application rate is varied by changing the speed of the pivot and that the irrigation management zones are pie slice shaped. Considerations for the speed control VRI system are that it is relatively inexpensive - many picot panels are capable without additional investment. It also needs no special hardware on the sprinklers. Example uses of it are if spatial variation lines up well with pie slices, varying application based on topography (e.g. reduced application on low spots) if it lines up pie slices, multiple crops or varieties under one pivot, and on-farm research. ", "question": "what are some example uses of speed control VRI systems?", "answers": {"answer_start": [408], "text": ["if spatial variation lines up well with pie slices, varying application based on topography (e.g. reduced application on low spots) if it lines up pie slices, multiple crops or varieties under one pivot, and on-farm research"]}, "references": "Yonts, C. D., Melvin, S., & Eisenhauer, D. E. (2008). Predicting the Last Irrigation of the Season. UNL Extension Publications. https://extensionpubs.unl.edu/publication/g1871/html/view"}
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{"id": "475", "category": "Irrigation", "context": "The last few irrigations of the season require some of the most important water management decisions of the year. An extra irrigation may mean wasting 1 to 3 inches of water and 2 to 5 gallons of diesel fuel per acre. Furrow irrigators may want to decide sooner due to the typical higher application amounts with flood, while pivot irrigators can delay the decision and take advantage of any rainfall that may occur. ", "question": "how many gallons of diesel fuel could be wasted per acre as a result from an extra irrigation late in the season?", "answers": {"answer_start": [178], "text": ["2 to 5 gallons"]}, "references": "Melvin, S. (2017). Predicting Late-Season Irrigation Needs. UNL Water. https://water.unl.edu/article/agricultural-irrigation/predicting-late-season-irrigation-needs"}
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{"id": "155", "category": "Irrigation", "context": "Average percent of fields by year fitting into the six categories. The dry years 2020, '21 and '22 are different than the other years. In 2017, out of 86 reports, 28% were ranked good, 10% were fair, 13% were wet late, 13% were wet early, 22% were wet all season, and 14% were very wet all season. ", "question": "In 2017 out of 86 reports, what percentage of Nebraska fields were considered wet all season?", "answers": {"answer_start": [239], "text": ["22%"]}, "references": "Heeren, D., Barker, J. B., Lo, T. H., Melvin, S., Martin, D., & Luck, J. (2017). Considerations in Adopting Variable Rate Irrigation | UNL Water. https://water.unl.edu/article/agricultural-irrigation/considerations-adopting-variable-rate-irrigation"}
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