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REFUTES | The Indian National Congress was founded in England. | Indian_National_Congress | The Indian National Congress -LRB- INC , often called Congress -RRB- is a broad-based political party in India . Founded in 1885 , the Congress led India to independence from Great Britain , and powerfully influenced other anti-colonial nationalist movements in the British Empire . After India 's independence in 1947 , the Congress formed the government at center in most instances , and also many regional state governments . The Congress is a secular , left-of-centre , party . Although it did not fare well in the last general elections in India in 2014 , it remains one of two major , nationwide , political parties in India , along with the right-wing , Hindu nationalist , Bhartiya Janata Party -LRB- BJP -RRB- . The Congress was the first modern nationalist movement to emerge in the British Empire in Asia and Africa . It was founded in Bombay in late December 1885 , during the British Raj in India . Its principal founders were , Allan Octavian Hume -LRB- a former administrator of Etawah district , North-Western Provinces , and pioneering ornithologist of India -RRB- , as well as William Wedderburn , Pherozeshah Mehta , Dadabhai Naoroji , Dinshaw Wacha , and others . From the late 19th-century , and especially after 1920 , under the leadership of Mahatma Gandhi , Congress became the principal leader of the Indian independence movement , with over 15 million members and over 70 million participants . After independence in 1947 , Congress became India 's dominant political party ; , in the 15 general elections since independence , it has won an outright majority on six occasions and has led the ruling coalition a further four times , heading the central government for 49 years . There have been seven Congress Prime Ministers , the first being Jawaharlal Nehru -LRB- 1947 -- 64 -RRB- , and the most recent Manmohan Singh -LRB- 2004 -- 14 -RRB- . The party 's social liberal platform is generally considered to be on the centre-left of Indian politics . From 2004 to 2014 , the Congress-led United Progressive Alliance , a coalition of several regional parties , formed the Indian government and was headed by Prime Minister Manmohan Singh . As of March 2017 , the party is in power in five states : Punjab , Himachal Pradesh , Karnataka , Meghalaya and Mizoram . In Bihar , it is a part of the ruling coalition . The Congress has previously directly ruled Andhra Pradesh , Tamil Nadu , Gujarat , Madhya Pradesh , Rajasthan , Uttar Pradesh and Goa . In the 2014 general election , the Congress had its poorest post-independence general election performance , winning only 44 seats of the 543-member house . The Congress ' social policy is based upon the Gandhian principle of Sarvodaya -- the lifting up of all sections of society -- which involves the improvement of the lives of economically underprivileged and socially marginalised people . The party primarily endorses social liberalism -- seeking to balance individual liberty and social justice , and secularism -- asserting the right to be free from religious rule and teachings . |
REFUTES | The Indian National Congress was founded in England. | Mumbai | Mumbai -LRB- -LSB- mʊmˈbaɪ -RSB- also known as Bombay , the official name until 1995 -RRB- is the capital city of the Indian state of Maharashtra . It is the most populous city in India and the ninth most populous agglomeration in the world , with an estimated city population of 18.4 million . Along with the neighbouring regions of the Mumbai Metropolitan Region , it is one of the most populous urban regions in the world and the second most populous metropolitan area in India , with a population of 20.7 million . Mumbai lies on the west coast of India and has a deep natural harbour . In 2008 , Mumbai was named an alpha world city . It is also the wealthiest city in India , and has the highest GDP of any city in South , West , or Central Asia . Mumbai has the highest number of billionaires and millionaires among all cities in India . The seven islands that came to constitute Mumbai were home to communities of fishing colonies . For centuries , the islands were under the control of successive indigenous empires before being ceded to the Portuguese and subsequently to the British East India Company when in 1661 King Charles II married the Portuguese Catherine of Braganza , and as part of her dowry Charles received the ports of Tangier and seven islands of Bombay . During the mid-18th century , Bombay was reshaped by the Hornby Vellard project , which undertook reclamation of the area between the seven islands from the sea . Along with construction of major roads and railways , the reclamation project , completed in 1845 , transformed Bombay into a major seaport on the Arabian Sea . Bombay in the 19th century was characterised by economic and educational development . During the early 20th century it became a strong base for the Indian independence movement . Upon India 's independence in 1947 the city was incorporated into Bombay State . In 1960 , following the Samyukta Maharashtra movement , a new state of Maharashtra was created with Bombay as the capital . Mumbai is the financial , commercial and entertainment capital of India . It is also one of the world 's top ten centres of commerce in terms of global financial flow , generating 6.16 % of India 's GDP and accounting for 25 % of industrial output , 70 % of maritime trade in India -LRB- Mumbai Port Trust and JNPT -RRB- , and 70 % of capital transactions to India 's economy . The city houses important financial institutions such as the Reserve Bank of India , the Bombay Stock Exchange , the National Stock Exchange of India , the SEBI and the corporate headquarters of numerous Indian companies and multinational corporations . It is also home to some of India 's premier scientific and nuclear institutes like BARC , NPCL , IREL , TIFR , AERB , AECI , and the Department of Atomic Energy . The city also houses India 's Hindi -LRB- Bollywood -RRB- and Marathi film and television industry . Mumbai 's business opportunities , as well as its potential to offer a higher standard of living , attract migrants from all over India , making the city a melting pot of many communities and cultures . |
REFUTES | The Paper was only released in 1894. | The_Paper_-LRB-film-RRB- | The Paper is a 1994 American comedy-drama film directed by Ron Howard and starring Michael Keaton , Glenn Close , Marisa Tomei , Randy Quaid and Robert Duvall . It received an Academy Award nomination for Best Original Song for `` Make Up Your Mind '' , which was written and performed by Randy Newman . The film depicts a hectic 24 hours in a newspaper editor 's professional and personal life . The main story of the day is the murder of a couple of visiting businessmen . The reporters discover evidence suggesting a police cover-up of evidence of the suspects ' innocence , and rush to scoop the story in the midst of professional , private and financial chaos . |
REFUTES | David Attenborough served as director of BBC Two. | David_Attenborough | Sir David Frederick Attenborough -LRB- -LSB- ˈætənb ər ə -RSB- born 8 May 1926 -RRB- is an English veteran broadcaster and naturalist . He is best known for writing and presenting the nine Life series , in conjunction with the BBC Natural History Unit , which collectively form a comprehensive survey of animal and plant life on the planet . He is also a former senior manager at the BBC , having served as controller of BBC Two and director of programming for BBC Television in the 1960s and 1970s . He is the only person to have won BAFTAs for programmes in each of black and white , colour , HD , and 3D . Attenborough is widely considered a national treasure in Britain , although he himself does not like the term . In 2002 he was named among the 100 Greatest Britons following a UK-wide poll for the BBC . He is the younger brother of the late director , producer and actor Richard Attenborough , and older brother of the late motor executive John Attenborough . |
NOT ENOUGH INFO | Mamata Banerjee was born on January 5th, 1955 in a log cabin. | Christina_Grand | Christina Grand -LRB- born February 17 -RRB- , in New Jersey |
REFUTES | On June 14th, 2009, The Last Song (film) began filming. | The_Last_Song_-LRB-film-RRB- | The Last Song is a 2010 American coming of age teen romantic drama film developed alongside Nicholas Sparks ' 2009 novel of the same name . The film was directed by Julie Anne Robinson in her feature film directorial debut and co-written by Sparks and Jeff Van Wie . The Last Song stars Miley Cyrus , Liam Hemsworth , and Greg Kinnear and follows a troubled teenager as she reconnects with her estranged father and falls in love during a summer in a quiet Southern United States beach town . Sparks was approached to write both the film 's screenplay and the novel . Sparks completed the screenplay in January 2009 , prior to the completion of the novel , making The Last Song his first script to be optioned for film . The setting , originally in North Carolina like the novel , relocated to Georgia after the states had campaigned for months to host production . Upon beginning production in Tybee Island , Georgia and nearby Savannah , The Last Song became the first movie to be both filmed and set in Tybee Island . Filming lasted from June 15 to August 18 , 2009 with much of it occurring on the island 's beach and pier . The Last Song was released by Touchstone Pictures on March 31 , 2010 . Upon release , the film received a negative response from critics , particularly towards its screenplay and casting . |
REFUTES | Psych (season 2) originally aired in the United Kingdom. | Psych_-LRB-season_2-RRB- | The second season of Psych originally aired in the United States on USA Network from July 13 , 2007 to February 15 , 2008 . It consisted of 16 episodes . James Roday , Dulé Hill , Timothy Omundson , Maggie Lawson , and Corbin Bernsen reprised their roles as the main characters , and Kirsten Nelson joined the main cast . James Roday portrayed Shawn Spencer , a fake psychic detective who periodically consults for the Santa Barbara police department . A DVD of the season was released on July 8 , 2008 . |
SUPPORTS | Andrea Pirlo is an Italian. | Andrea_Pirlo | Andrea Pirlo , Ufficiale OMRI -LRB- born 19 May 1979 -RRB- is an Italian professional footballer who plays for American club New York City FC and the Italy national team . Pirlo is usually deployed as a deep-lying playmaker in midfield for both his club and national sides , and he is widely regarded as one of the greatest ever exponents of this position , due to his vision , ball control , creativity and passing ability ; he is also a free-kick specialist . Pirlo began his club career as an attacking midfielder with his home-town side Brescia , where he later helped the team to win the Serie B title and obtain Serie A promotion in 1997 . His promising performances led to a move to Internazionale in 1998 , but he struggled to gain playing time at his new club , due to his lack of pace , as well as heavy competition with other players in his position , and was subsequently sent on loan in 1999 . Despite successful spells with Reggina , and Brescia once again , Pirlo was still unable to break into Inter 's starting line-up , and was sold to cross-city rivals Milan in 2001 . At Milan , manager Carlo Ancelotti decided to shift Pirlo in front of the defence as a deep-lying playmaker , which allowed him more time on the ball to orchestrate his team 's attacks . Pirlo excelled in his new role , and soon developed into a world-class midfielder , playing a key role in Milan 's subsequent successes , as he won two UEFA Champions Leagues -LRB- 2003 and 2007 -RRB- , two UEFA Super Cups -LRB- 2003 and 2007 -RRB- , two Serie A titles -LRB- 2004 and 2011 -RRB- , a FIFA Club World Cup -LRB- 2007 -RRB- , a Supercoppa Italiana -LRB- 2004 -RRB- , and a Coppa Italia -LRB- 2003 -RRB- with the club . After joining Juventus on a free transfer in 2011 , who had gone trophyless since 2003 , he added four more Serie A titles -LRB- 2012 , 2013 , 2014 , and 2015 -RRB- , which he won consecutively , as well as two Supercoppa Italiana titles -LRB- 2012 and 2013 -RRB- , and a Coppa Italia -LRB- 2015 -RRB- . After playing in Italy for over 20 seasons , Pirlo joined MLS expansion side New York City FC in 2015 , helping the team to reach the playoffs in his second season . At international level , Pirlo is the fourth-most capped player in the history of the Italian national team with 116 caps . He has played for the Italian youth teams at U15 , U18 and U21 level , captaining and leading the latter to victory in the 2000 UEFA European Under-21 Championship as the Golden Player and Top Scorer of the tournament . He joined the Italian senior side in September 2002 and captained the Olympic team to a bronze medal in the 2004 Olympics . Later , he was instrumental in their victory in the 2006 FIFA World Cup . He was named Man of the Match three times , including the final , more than any other player in the tournament , and ultimately won the Bronze Ball -LRB- awarded to the third best player of the tournament -RRB- also being elected to the Team of the Tournament . He was also elected as part of the UEFA Euro 2012 Team of the Tournament , after leading Italy to the final , winning three Man of the Match awards in the process , the most of any player along with Andrés Iniesta . He has also represented the Italian senior side at the 2004 and 2008 UEFA European Championships , the 2010 and 2014 FIFA World Cups , and the 2009 and 2013 FIFA Confederations Cups , finishing third in the latter edition in Brazil , where he was also elected to the Team of the Tournament . Pirlo came in third , second , fourth , and third twice more in the IFFHS World Playmaker of the Year awards in 2006 , 2007 , 2012 , 2013 , and 2015 , respectively . He placed fourth in the 2012 UEFA Best Player in Europe Award , and seventh in the 2015 edition . He placed 7th in the 2007 FIFA World Player , 5th in the 2007 Ballon d'Or and 7th in the 2012 FIFA Ballon d'Or award . He was also named as part of the 2006 FIFPro World XI and the 2012 UEFA Team of the Year . In 2012 , 2013 , and 2014 , Pirlo was also elected as Serie A Footballer of the Year , and was also named as part of the Serie A team of the Year . After helping Juventus to the 2015 UEFA Champions League Final , he was named to the squad of the season . In 2012 , Pirlo was named the eighth best footballer in the World by The Guardian , and in 2013 , Bloomberg ranked him the fifth best player in Europe . In 2015 , France Football rated him as one of the 10 best footballers in the world who are over the age of 36 . |
REFUTES | Dan Trachtenberg is a Canadian. | Dan_Trachtenberg | Dan Trachtenberg is an American filmmaker and podcast host . He directed the 2016 film 10 Cloverfield Lane . Trachtenberg was one of three hosts of The Totally Rad Show and a former co-host of Geekdrome . Both programs were hosted at Revision3 . Trachtenberg is also the director of the 2011 short film Portal : No Escape , an episode of Black Mirror entitled `` Playtest '' and the director of various television commercials and public service announcements . |
NOT ENOUGH INFO | Vatican City isn't a political entity. | Vatican_City | Vatican City -LRB- -LSB- ˈvætᵻkən_ˈsɪti -RSB- Città del Vaticano -LSB- tʃitˈta ddel vatiˈkaːno -RSB- Civitas Vaticana -RRB- , officially Vatican City State or the State of Vatican City -LRB- -LSB- Stato della Città del Vaticano , links = no -RSB- -LSB- Status Civitatis Vaticanae , links = no -RSB- -RRB- , is a walled enclave within the city of Rome . With an area of approximately 44 hectares -LRB- 110 acres -RRB- , and a population of 1,000 , it is the smallest state in the world by both area and population . However , formally it is not sovereign , with sovereignty being held by the Holy See , the only entity of public international law that has diplomatic relations with almost every country in the world . It is an ecclesiastical or sacerdotal-monarchical state -LRB- a type of theocracy -RRB- ruled by the Bishop of Rome -- the Pope . The highest state functionaries are all Catholic clergy of various national origins . Since the return of the Popes from Avignon in 1377 , they have generally resided at the Apostolic Palace within what is now Vatican City , although at times residing instead in the Quirinal Palace in Rome or elsewhere . Vatican City is distinct from the Holy See -LRB- -LSB- Sancta Sedes , links = no -RSB- -RRB- , which dates back to early Christianity and is the main episcopal see of 1.2 billion Latin and Eastern Catholic adherents around the globe . The independent city-state , on the other hand , came into existence in 1929 by the Lateran Treaty between the Holy See and Italy , which spoke of it as a new creation , not as a vestige of the much larger Papal States -LRB- 756 -- 1870 -RRB- , which had previously encompassed much of central Italy . According to the terms of the treaty , the Holy See has `` full ownership , exclusive dominion , and sovereign authority and jurisdiction '' over the city-state . Within Vatican City are religious and cultural sites such as St. Peter 's Basilica , the Sistine Chapel and the Vatican Museums . They feature some of the world 's most famous paintings and sculptures . The unique economy of Vatican City is supported financially by the sale of postage stamps and tourist mementos , fees for admission to museums , and the sale of publications . |
NOT ENOUGH INFO | Children get bubble gum from Trick-or-Treating. | Bubble_light | A bubble light is a decorative device consisting of a liquid-filled vial that is heated and lighted by an incandescent light bulb . Because of the liquid 's low boiling point , the modest heat generated by the lamp causes the liquid to boil and bubble up from the vial 's base thus creating a decorative effect . |
SUPPORTS | The world's second largest economy by GDP is China. | China | China , officially the People 's Republic of China -LRB- PRC -RRB- , is a unitary sovereign state in East Asia and the world 's most populous country , with a population of over 1.381 billion . Covering approximately 9.6 e6km2 , China is the world 's second-largest state by land area and third - or fourth-largest by total area . Governed by the Communist Party of China , it exercises jurisdiction over 22 provinces , five autonomous regions , four direct-controlled municipalities -LRB- Beijing , Tianjin , Shanghai and Chongqing -RRB- and the Special Administrative Regions Hong Kong and Macau , also claiming sovereignty over Taiwan . China is a great power and a major regional power within Asia , and has been characterized as a potential superpower . China emerged as one of the world 's earliest civilizations in the fertile basin of the Yellow River in the North China Plain . For millennia , China 's political system was based on hereditary monarchies , or dynasties , beginning with the legendary Xia dynasty . Since 221 , when the Qin dynasty conquered the other largest six states to form the first unified Chinese empire , China has then expanded , fractured and re-unified numerous times in the following millennia . In 1912 , the Republic of China -LRB- ROC -RRB- replaced the last dynasty and ruled the Chinese mainland until 1949 , when it was defeated by the communist People 's Liberation Army in the Chinese Civil War . The Communist Party established the People 's Republic of China in Beijing on 1 October 1949 , while the ROC government relocated to Taiwan with its present de facto temporary capital in Taipei . Both the ROC and PRC continue to claim to be the legitimate government of all China , though the latter has more recognition in the world and controls more territory . China has had the largest economy in the world for much of the last two thousand years , during which it has seen cycles of prosperity and decline . Since the introduction of economic reforms in 1978 , China has become one of the world 's fastest-growing major economies . , it is the world 's second-largest economy by nominal GDP and largest by purchasing power parity -LRB- PPP -RRB- . China is also the world 's largest exporter and second-largest importer of goods . China is a recognized nuclear weapons state and has the world 's largest standing army and second-largest defense budget . The PRC is a member of the United Nations , as it replaced the ROC as a permanent member of the U.N. Security Council in 1971 . China is also a member of numerous formal and informal multilateral organizations , including the WTO , APEC , BRICS , the Shanghai Cooperation Organization -LRB- SCO -RRB- , the BCIM and the G-20 . |
SUPPORTS | Phoenix, Arizona is a capital. | Phoenix,_Arizona | Phoenix -LRB- -LSB- ˈfiːnᵻks -RSB- -RRB- is the capital and most populous city of the U.S. state of Arizona . With 1,615,017 people , Phoenix is the fifth most populous city nationwide , the most populous state capital in the United States , and the only state capital with a population of more than one million residents . Phoenix is the anchor of the Phoenix metropolitan area , also known as the Valley of the Sun , which in turn is a part of the Salt River Valley . The metropolitan area is the 12th largest by population in the United States , with approximately 4.3 million people . In addition , Phoenix is the seat of Maricopa County and , at 517.9 square miles -LRB- 1,341 km2 -RRB- , it is the largest city in the state , more than twice the size of Tucson and one of the largest cities in the United States . Settled in 1867 as an agricultural community near the confluence of the Salt and Gila Rivers , Phoenix incorporated as a city in 1881 . Located in the northeastern reaches of the Sonoran Desert , Phoenix has a subtropical desert climate . Despite this , its canal system led to a thriving farming community , many of the original crops remaining important parts of the Phoenix economy for decades , such as alfalfa , cotton , citrus , and hay -LRB- which was important for the cattle industry -RRB- . In fact , the `` Five C 's '' -LRB- Cotton , Cattle , Citrus , Climate , and Copper -RRB- , remained the driving forces of Phoenix 's economy until after World War II , when high-tech industries began to move into the valley and air conditioning made residences much more comfortable in the very hot summers . The city averaged a four percent annual population growth rate over a 40-year period from the mid-1960s to the mid-2000s . This growth rate slowed during the Great Recession of 2007 -- 09 , and has rebounded slowly . Phoenix is the cultural center of the Valley of the Sun , as well as the entire state . |
SUPPORTS | Project Y's goal was to invent the first nukes. | Project_Y | The Los Alamos Laboratory , also known as Project Y , was a secret laboratory established by the Manhattan Project and operated by the University of California during World War II . Its mission was to design and build the first atomic bombs . Robert Oppenheimer was its first director , from 1943 to December 1945 , when he was succeeded by Norris Bradbury . For scientists freely to discuss their work while preserving security , the laboratory was located in a remote part of New Mexico . The wartime laboratory occupied buildings that had once been part of the Los Alamos Ranch School . The development effort initially concentrated on a gun-type fission weapon using plutonium called Thin Man . In April 1944 , the Los Alamos Laboratory determined that the rate of spontaneous fission in plutonium bred in a nuclear reactor was too great due to the presence of plutonium-240 and would cause a predetonation , a nuclear chain reaction before the core was fully assembled . Oppenheimer then reorganized the laboratory and orchestrated an all-out and ultimately successful effort on an alternative design proposed by John von Neumann , an implosion-type nuclear weapon , which was called Fat Man . A variant of the gun-type design known as Little Boy was developed using uranium-235 . Chemists at the Los Alamos Laboratory developed methods of purifying uranium and plutonium , the latter a metal that only existed in microscopic quantities when Project Y began . Its metallurgists found that plutonium had unexpected properties , but were nonetheless able to cast it into metal spheres . The laboratory built the Water Boiler , an aqueous homogeneous reactor , the third reactor in the world to become operational . It also researched the Super , a hydrogen bomb that would use a fission bomb to ignite a nuclear fusion reaction in deuterium and tritium . The Fat Man design was tested in the Trinity nuclear test in July 1945 . Project Y personnel formed pit crews and assembly teams for the bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki and participated in the bombing as weaponeers and observers . After the war ended , the laboratory supported the Operation Crossroads nuclear tests at Bikini Atoll . A new Z Division was created to control testing , stockpiling and bomb assembly activities , which were concentrated at Sandia Base . The Los Alamos Laboratory became Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory in 1947 . |
SUPPORTS | Project Y's goal was to invent the first nukes. | Nuclear_weapon | A nuclear weapon is an explosive device that derives its destructive force from nuclear reactions , either fission -LRB- fission bomb -RRB- or a combination of fission and fusion -LRB- thermonuclear weapon -RRB- . Both reactions release large quantities of energy from relatively small amounts of matter . The first test of a fission -LRB- `` atomic '' -RRB- bomb released the same amount of energy as approximately 20,000 tonTNT . The first thermonuclear -LRB- `` hydrogen '' -RRB- bomb test released the same amount of energy as approximately 10 e6tonTNT . A thermonuclear weapon weighing little more than 2400 lb can produce an explosive force comparable to the detonation of more than 1.2 e6tonTNT . A nuclear device no larger than traditional bombs can devastate an entire city by blast , fire , and radiation . Nuclear weapons are weapons of mass destruction , and their use and control have been a major focus of international relations policy since their debut . Nuclear weapons have been used twice in war , both times by the United States against Japan near the end of World War II . On August 6 , 1945 , the U.S. Army Air Forces detonated a uranium gun-type fission bomb nicknamed `` Little Boy '' over the Japanese city of Hiroshima ; three days later , on August 9 , the U.S. Army Air Forces detonated a plutonium implosion-type fission bomb codenamed `` Fat Man '' over the Japanese city of Nagasaki . The bombings resulted in the deaths of approximately 200,000 civilians and military personnel from acute injuries sustained from the explosions . The ethics of the bombings and their role in Japan 's surrender are subjects of debate . Since the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki , nuclear weapons have been detonated over two thousand times for testing and demonstration . Only a few nations possess such weapons or are suspected of seeking them . The only countries known to have detonated nuclear weapons -- and acknowledge possessing them -- are -LRB- chronologically by date of first test -RRB- the United States , the Soviet Union -LRB- succeeded as a nuclear power by Russia -RRB- , the United Kingdom , France , the People 's Republic of China , India , Pakistan , and North Korea . Israel is also believed to possess nuclear weapons , though , in a policy of deliberate ambiguity , it does not acknowledge having them . Germany , Italy , Turkey , Belgium and the Netherlands are nuclear weapons sharing states . South Africa is the only country to have independently developed and then renounced and dismantled its nuclear weapons . The Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons aims to reduce the spread of nuclear weapons , but its effectiveness has been questioned , and political tensions remained high in the 1970s and 1980s . Modernisation of weapons continues to occur . |
REFUTES | Temple Grandin was directed by Mick Jackson in 2008. | Temple_Grandin_-LRB-film-RRB- | Temple Grandin is a 2010 biopic directed by Mick Jackson and starring Claire Danes as Temple Grandin , an autistic woman who revolutionized practices for the humane handling of livestock on cattle ranches and slaughterhouses . |
REFUTES | A near-Earth object is not a small orbiting body. | Near-Earth_object | A near-Earth object -LRB- NEO -RRB- is any small Solar System body whose orbit brings it into proximity with Earth . By definition , a solar system body is a NEO if its closest approach to the Sun -LRB- perihelion -RRB- is less than 1.3 astronomical unit -LRB- AU -RRB- . NEOs include more than fourteen thousand near-Earth asteroids -LRB- NEAs -RRB- , more than one hundred near-Earth comets -LRB- NECs -RRB- , and a number of solar-orbiting spacecraft and meteoroids , large enough to be tracked in space before striking the Earth . It is now widely accepted that collisions in the past have had a significant role in shaping the geological and biological history of the Earth . NEOs have become of increased interest since the 1980s because of increased awareness of the potential danger some of the asteroids or comets pose , and mitigations are being researched . In January 2016 , NASA announced the Planetary Defense Coordination Office to track NEOs larger than 30 to 50 meters in diameter and coordinate an effective threat response and mitigation effort . NEAs have orbits that lie partly between 0.983 and 1.3 AU away from the Sun . When a NEA is detected it is submitted to the IAU 's Minor Planet Center for cataloging . Some NEAs orbits intersect that of Earth 's so they pose a collision danger . The United States , European Union , and other nations are currently scanning for NEOs in an effort called Spaceguard . In the United States and since 1998 , NASA has a congressional mandate to catalogue all NEOs that are at least 1 kilometer wide , as the impact of such an object would be globally catastrophic . In 2006 , it was estimated that 20 % of the mandated objects had not yet been found . In 2011 , largely as a result of NEOWISE , it was estimated that 93 % of the NEAs larger than 1 km had been found and that only about 70 remained to be discovered . , there have been 875 NEAs larger than 1 km discovered , of which 157 are potentially hazardous . The inventory is much less complete for smaller objects , which still have potential for large scale , though not global , damage . Potentially hazardous objects -LRB- PHOs -RRB- are currently defined based on parameters that measure the object 's potential to make threatening close approaches to the Earth . Mostly objects with an Earth minimum orbit intersection distance -LRB- MOID -RRB- of 0.05 AU or less and an absolute magnitude -LRB- H -RRB- of 22.0 or brighter -LRB- a rough indicator of large size -RRB- are considered PHOs . Objects that can not approach closer to the Earth -LRB- i.e. MOID -RRB- than 0.05 AU , or are smaller than about 150 m -LRB- 500 ft -RRB- in diameter -LRB- i.e. H = 22.0 with assumed albedo of 13 % -RRB- , are not considered PHOs . NASA 's catalog for near-Earth objects also includes the approach distances of asteroids and comets measured in lunar distances , and this usage has become a common unit of measure used by the news media in discussing these objects . Some NEOs are of special interest because they can be physically explored with lower mission velocity than for even the Moon , due to their combination of low velocity with respect to Earth -LRB- ΔV -RRB- and weak gravity , so they may present interesting scientific opportunities both for direct geochemical and astronomical investigation , and as potentially economical sources of extraterrestrial materials for human exploitation . This makes them an attractive target for exploration . As of 2016 , three near-Earth objects have been visited by spacecraft . |
REFUTES | Dawood Ibrahim was born in 1988. | Dawood_Ibrahim | Dawood Ibrahim -LRB- Marathi : दाऊद इब्राहीम कासकर , born Dawood Ibrahim Kaskar 26 December 1955 -RRB- , known as Dawood Bhai or simply Bhai is a gangster and terrorist originally from Dongri in Mumbai , India . The word `` Bhai '' means `` Big brother '' . In the lingo of the Mumbai underworld , the word `` Bhai '' is attributed to members of the underworld who hold considerable power . He heads the Indian organised crime syndicate D-Company founded in Mumbai . He is currently on the wanted list of Interpol for cheating , criminal conspiracy and running an organised crime syndicate . He was number three on the The World 's 10 Most Wanted . |
SUPPORTS | Adam Lambert was the first openly gay artist to top the album charts. | Adam_Lambert | Adam Mitchel Lambert -LRB- born January 29 , 1982 -RRB- is an American singer , songwriter and stage actor . Since 2009 , he has sold over 3 million albums and 5 million singles worldwide . Lambert rose to fame in 2009 after finishing as runner-up on the eighth season of American Idol . Later that year , he released his debut album , For Your Entertainment , which debuted at number three on the U.S. Billboard 200 . The album spawned several hit singles , including `` Whataya Want from Me '' , for which he received a Grammy nomination for `` Best Male Pop Vocal Performance '' . In 2012 , Lambert released his second studio album , Trespassing . The album premiered at number one on the U.S. Billboard 200 , making him the first openly gay artist to top the album charts . In 2015 , Lambert released his third album , The Original High , which debuted at number three on the U.S. Billboard 200 . Alongside his solo career , Lambert has collaborated with rock band Queen as lead vocalist for Queen + Adam Lambert since 2011 , culminating in a successful world-wide tour from 2014 to 2016 . |
REFUTES | Honeymoon is the second major-label record by Lana Del Rey. | Honeymoon_-LRB-Lana_Del_Rey_album-RRB- | Honeymoon is the fourth studio album and third major-label record by American singer and songwriter Lana Del Rey . It was released on September 18 , 2015 , by Polydor Records and Interscope Records , and was produced by Del Rey alongside longtime collaborators Rick Nowels and Kieron Menzies . The album is , stylistically , described as a departure from the rock-oriented music of Del Rey 's previous album Ultraviolence and a return to the baroque pop of Born to Die and Paradise . Lyrically , the album touches on themes of tortured romance , bitterness , lust , escapism , and violence . Upon release , Honeymoon received positive reviews from music critics , appearing on the 2015 best albums lists of many publications . Many critics consider the album Del Rey 's best album to date . The album debuted at number two on the US Billboard 200 , selling 116,000 units in first week , and peaking at number one in Australia , Greece and Ireland . The album was supported by the release of two singles : `` High by the Beach '' , and `` Music to Watch Boys To '' . |
NOT ENOUGH INFO | Innovation is often also viewed as the application of better solutions that meet new people. | Innovation | Innovation can be defined simply as a `` new idea , device or method '' . However , innovation is often also viewed as the application of better solutions that meet new requirements , unarticulated needs , or existing market needs . This is accomplished through more-effective products , processes , services , technologies , or business models that are readily available to markets , governments and society . The term `` innovation '' can be defined as something original and more effective and , as a consequence , new , that `` breaks into '' the market or society . It is related to , but not the same as , invention . Innovation is often manifested via the engineering process . The opposite of innovation is exnovation . While a novel device is often described as an innovation , in economics , management science , and other fields of practice and analysis , innovation is generally considered to be the result of a process that brings together various novel ideas in a way that they affect society . In industrial economics , innovations are created and found empirically from services to meet the growing consumer demand . |
REFUTES | Brie Larson and Destin Daniel refused to ever work with each other. | Brie_Larson | Brianne Sidonie Desaulniers -LRB- born October 1 , 1989 -RRB- , known professionally as Brie Larson , is an American actress , director , and singer . Born in Sacramento , California , Larson was home-schooled before she studied acting at the American Conservatory Theater . She began her acting career in television , appearing as a regular on the 2001 sitcom Raising Dad , for which she was nominated for a Young Artist Award . As a teenager , Larson had brief roles in the 2004 films 13 Going on 30 and Sleepover . Her performance in the comedy film Hoot -LRB- 2006 -RRB- was praised , and she subsequently played supporting roles in the films Greenberg -LRB- 2010 -RRB- , Scott Pilgrim vs. the World -LRB- 2010 -RRB- , 21 Jump Street -LRB- 2012 -RRB- , and Don Jon -LRB- 2013 -RRB- . From 2009 to 2011 , Larson featured as a rebellious teenager in the television series United States of Tara . Larson 's breakthrough role came with the independent drama Short Term 12 -LRB- 2013 -RRB- , for which she received critical acclaim . Further success came in 2015 when she starred in Room , an acclaimed drama based on Emma Donoghue 's novel of the same name . She won several awards for her portrayal of a troubled mother kidnap victim in the film , including the Academy Award , BAFTA Award , Critic 's Choice Award , Golden Globe Award , Screen Actors Guild Award and Canadian Screen Award for Best Actress . In 2017 , she starred as a war photographer in the adventure film Kong : Skull Island , her highest-grossing release . In 2016 , Larson was cast as Carol Danvers / Captain Marvel in the Marvel Cinematic Universe . |
REFUTES | Brie Larson and Destin Daniel refused to ever work with each other. | Short_Term_12 | Short Term 12 is a 2013 American drama film written and directed by Destin Daniel Cretton . The film is based on Cretton 's short film of the same name , produced in 2009 . It stars Brie Larson as Grace , the supervisor of a group home for troubled teenagers . Cretton was inspired to write Short Term 12 based on his own experience of working in a group facility for teenagers . He first wrote and produced a short film based on the idea and later adapted it into a feature-length screenplay . While Larson and John Gallagher , Jr. won their roles after auditioning through Skype , most of the children featured in the film were cast through open casting calls . Filming took place over 20 days in Los Angeles , California in September 2012 . Short Term 12 premiered on March 10 , 2013 at the South by Southwest film festival and was released in theaters on August 23 , 2013 . It grossed $ 2 million and was met with critical acclaim . Reviewers praised the film 's realism and intimacy , drawing particular attention to Larson 's performance and Cretton 's direction . The film won South by Southwest 's Grand Jury and Audience Awards for a Narrative Feature , as well as earning three Independent Spirit Award nominations . |
SUPPORTS | Nicolas Roeg did the cinematography of Far from the Madding Crowd. | Far_from_the_Madding_Crowd_-LRB-1967_film-RRB- | Far from the Madding Crowd is a 1967 British epic drama film adapted from Thomas Hardy 's book of the same name . The film , starring Julie Christie , Alan Bates , Terence Stamp and Peter Finch , and directed by John Schlesinger , was Schlesinger 's fourth film -LRB- and his third collaboration with Christie -RRB- . It marked a stylistic shift away from his earlier works exploring contemporary urban mores . The cinematography was by Nicolas Roeg and the soundtrack was by Richard Rodney Bennett . He also used traditional folk songs in various scenes throughout the film . It was nominated for one Oscar for Best Original Music Score and two BAFTAs , Best British Cinematography -LRB- Colour -RRB- and Best British Costume -LRB- Colour -RRB- -LRB- Alan Barrett -RRB- . |
SUPPORTS | Aldous Huxley published writings. | Aldous_Huxley | Aldous Leonard Huxley -LRB- -LSB- ˈɔːldəs_ˈhʌksli -RSB- 26 July 1894 -- 22 November 1963 -RRB- was an English writer , novelist , philosopher , and prominent member of the Huxley family . He graduated from Balliol College at the University of Oxford with a first-class honours in English literature . He was best known for his novels including Brave New World , set in a dystopian future ; for non-fiction books , such as The Doors of Perception , which recalls experiences when taking a psychedelic drug ; and a wide-ranging output of essays . Early in his career Huxley edited the magazine Oxford Poetry and published short stories and poetry . Mid career and later , he published travel writing , film stories , and scripts . He spent the later part of his life in the United States , living in Los Angeles from 1937 until his death . In 1962 , a year before his death , he was elected Companion of Literature by the Royal Society of Literature . Huxley was a humanist , pacifist , and satirist . He later became interested in spiritual subjects such as parapsychology and philosophical mysticism , in particular universalism . By the end of his life , Huxley was widely acknowledged as one of the pre-eminent intellectuals of his time . He was nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature in seven different years . |
SUPPORTS | Bala has received recognition for his work in film. | Bala_-LRB-director-RRB- | Bala -LRB- born Bala Pazhanisaamy -RRB- is an Indian film director , screenwriter , and producer , working in Tamil cinema . Bala is widely acclaimed for `` revolutionizing Tamil cinema '' through his realistic , dark and disturbing depiction of the working class on celluloid screen . He has received several awards and recognition for his work , including the National Film Award for Best Director for his fourth feature film Naan Kadavul -LRB- 2009 -RRB- . |
SUPPORTS | Andrew Carnegie has a 1889 article proclaiming ``The Gospel of Wealth''. | Andrew_Carnegie | Andrew Carnegie -LRB- -LSB- kɑːrˈneɪɡi -RSB- , but commonly -LSB- ˈkɑːrnᵻɡi -RSB- or -LSB- kɑrˈnɛɡi -RSB- ; November 25 , 1835 -- August 11 , 1919 -RRB- was a Scottish-American industrialist who led the expansion of the American steel industry in the late 19th century , and is often identified as one of the richest people and Americans ever . He built a leadership role as a philanthropist for the United States and the British Empire . During the last 18 years of his life , he gave away to charities , foundations , and universities about $ 350 million -LRB- in 2015 share of GDP , $ 78.6 billion -RRB- -- almost 90 percent of his fortune . His 1889 article proclaiming `` The Gospel of Wealth '' called on the rich to use their wealth to improve society , and it stimulated a wave of philanthropy . Carnegie was born in Dunfermline , Scotland , and emigrated in 1848 to the United States with his parents . Carnegie started work as a telegrapher and by the 1860s had investments in railroads , railroad sleeping cars , bridges and oil derricks . He accumulated further wealth as a bond salesman raising money for American enterprise in Europe . He built Pittsburgh 's Carnegie Steel Company , which he sold to J.P. Morgan in 1901 for $ 480 million . It became the U.S. Steel Corporation . After selling Carnegie Steel , he surpassed John D. Rockefeller as the richest American for the next couple of years . Carnegie devoted the remainder of his life to large-scale philanthropy , with special emphasis on local libraries , world peace , education and scientific research . With the fortune he made from business , he built Carnegie Hall and the Peace Palace and founded the Carnegie Corporation of New York , Carnegie Endowment for International Peace , Carnegie Institution for Science , Carnegie Trust for the Universities of Scotland , Carnegie Hero Fund , Carnegie Mellon University and the Carnegie Museums of Pittsburgh , among others . |
SUPPORTS | Cars 3 will be directed by Pixar employee | Cars_3 | Cars 3 is an upcoming 2017 American 3D computer-animated comedy film produced by Pixar Animation Studios and scheduled to be released on June 16 , 2017 by Walt Disney Pictures . It is the eighteenth Pixar film , the third installment in the Cars franchise , a sequel to Cars 2 -LRB- 2011 -RRB- and a threequel to Cars -LRB- 2006 -RRB- . It is being directed by Brian Fee , a storyboard artist on Cars -LRB- 2006 -RRB- and Cars 2 -LRB- 2011 -RRB- . It will be the first film he has directed . |
SUPPORTS | Cars 3 will be directed by Pixar employee | Brian_Fee | Brian Fee is an American storyboard artist and director , working for Pixar . He made his directorial debut at the studio with the feature film Cars 3 in 2017 . |
SUPPORTS | Paris saw the Warcraft movie before America. | Warcraft_-LRB-film-RRB- | Warcraft -LRB- alternatively known as Warcraft : The Beginning -RRB- is a 2016 American action-fantasy film directed by Duncan Jones and written by Jones , Charles Leavitt , and Chris Metzen . It is based on the Warcraft video game series and novels set in the world of Azeroth . The film stars Travis Fimmel , Paula Patton , Ben Foster , Dominic Cooper , Toby Kebbell , Ben Schnetzer , Robert Kazinsky , Clancy Brown , and Daniel Wu . The film portrays the initial encounters between the humans and the orcs and takes place in a variety of locations established in the video game series . The film was first announced in 2006 as a project partnership between Legendary Pictures and the game 's developer , Blizzard Entertainment . Warcraft premiered in Paris on May 24 , 2016 , and was released by Universal Pictures in the United States on June 10 , 2016 . The film grossed $ 433 million worldwide and is the highest-grossing video game adaptation of all time , although it was still considered a mild financial disappointment due to its very large $ 160 million budget . The film made over $ 220 million in China alone , representing more than half of its global total box office . |
SUPPORTS | William Cohen is a politician. | William_Cohen | William Sebastian Cohen -LRB- born August 28 , 1940 -RRB- is an American politician and author from the U.S. state of Maine . A Republican , Cohen served as both a member of the United States House of Representatives and Senate , and as Secretary of Defense -LRB- 1997 -- 2001 -RRB- under Democratic President Bill Clinton . |
SUPPORTS | Kung Fu Panda made $60.2 million during its opening weekend. | Kung_Fu_Panda | Kung Fu Panda is a 2008 American computer-animated action comedy martial arts film produced by DreamWorks Animation and distributed by Paramount Pictures . It was directed by John Stevenson and Mark Osborne and produced by Melissa Cobb , and stars the voices of Jack Black , Dustin Hoffman , Angelina Jolie , Ian McShane , Seth Rogen , Lucy Liu , David Cross , Randall Duk Kim , James Hong , and Jackie Chan . Set in a version of ancient China populated by anthropomorphic talking animals , the plot revolves around a bumbling panda named Po who aspires to be a kung fu master . When an evil kung fu warrior is foretold to escape after twenty years in prison , Po is unwittingly named the chosen one destined to defeat him and bring peace to the land , much to the chagrin of the resident kung fu warriors . The idea for the film was conceived by Michael Lachance , a DreamWorks Animation executive . The film was originally intended to be a parody , but director Stevenson decided instead , to shoot an action comedy wuxia film that incorporates the hero 's journey narrative archetype for the lead character . The computer animation in the film was more complex than anything DreamWorks had done before . As with most DreamWorks animated films , Hans Zimmer -LRB- collaborating with John Powell this time -RRB- scored Kung Fu Panda . He visited China to absorb the culture and get to know the China National Symphony Orchestra as part of his preparation . A sequel , Kung Fu Panda 2 , was released on May 26 , 2011 , along with a television series , Kung Fu Panda : Legends of Awesomeness later that same year as a part of a franchise . A second sequel called Kung Fu Panda 3 was released on January 29 , 2016 . Kung Fu Panda premiered in the United States on June 6 , 2008 . The film received critical acclaim upon release . Kung Fu Panda opened in 4,114 theaters , grossing $ 20.3 million on its opening day and $ 60.2 million on its opening weekend , resulting in the number one position at the box office . The film became DreamWorks ' biggest opening for a non-sequel film , the highest grossing animated film of the year worldwide , and also had the fourth-largest opening weekend for a DreamWorks animated film at the American and Canadian box office , behind Shrek 2 , Shrek the Third , and Shrek Forever After . |
NOT ENOUGH INFO | Joni Mitchell released an album in India. | Vani_Harikrishna | Vani Harikrishna is an Indian film playback singer and music director , who works in South Indian films , primarily in Kannada cinema . She has composed , written and sung several devotional songs before entering into the film playback singing . She won Karnataka State Award for her rendition of `` Madhuvana Karedare '' song from the film Inthi Ninna Preethiya . Vani debuted as a film composer with the 2013 film Loosegalu . |
SUPPORTS | Yin and yang demonstrate a balance between opposed entities. | Yin_and_yang | In Chinese philosophy , yin and yang -LRB- also yin -- yang or yin yang , yīnyáng `` dark -- bright '' -RRB- describe how seemingly opposite or contrary forces may actually be complementary , interconnected , and interdependent in the natural world , and how they may give rise to each other as they interrelate to one another . Many tangible dualities -LRB- such as light and dark , fire and water , expanding and contracting -RRB- are thought of as physical manifestations of the duality symbolized by yin and yang . This duality lies at the origins of many branches of classical Chinese science and philosophy , as well as being a primary guideline of traditional Chinese medicine , and a central principle of different forms of Chinese martial arts and exercise , such as baguazhang , taijiquan -LRB- t ` ai chi -RRB- , and qigong -LRB- Chi Kung -RRB- , as well as appearing in the pages of the I Ching . Duality is found in many belief systems , but Yin and Yang are parts of a Oneness that is also equated with the Tao . A term has been coined dualistic-monism or dialectical monism . Yin and yang can be thought of as complementary -LRB- rather than opposing -RRB- forces that interact to form a dynamic system in which the whole is greater than the assembled parts . Everything has both yin and yang aspects -LRB- for instance , shadow can not exist without light -RRB- . Either of the two major aspects may manifest more strongly in a particular object , depending on the criterion of the observation . The yin yang -LRB- i.e. taijitu symbol -RRB- shows a balance between two opposites with a portion of the opposite element in each section . In Taoist metaphysics , distinctions between good and bad , along with other dichotomous moral judgments , are perceptual , not real ; so , the duality of yin and yang is an indivisible whole . In the ethics of Confucianism on the other hand , most notably in the philosophy of Dong Zhongshu -LRB- 2nd century BC -RRB- , a moral dimension is attached to the idea of yin and yang . |
REFUTES | Grease did not have a soundtrack. | Grease_-LRB-film-RRB- | Grease is a 1978 American musical romantic comedy film based on Jim Jacobs and Warren Casey 's musical of the same name . The film depicts the life of Rydell High School students Danny Zuko and Sandy Olsson in the late 1950s . Directed by Randal Kleiser and written by Bronte Woodard , the film stars John Travolta as Danny , Olivia Newton-John as Sandy and Stockard Channing as Betty Rizzo . Grease was successful both critically and commercially . Its soundtrack album ended 1978 as the second-best selling album of the year in the United States , behind the soundtrack of Saturday Night Fever . A sequel , Grease 2 , was released in 1982 , starring Maxwell Caulfield and Michelle Pfeiffer . Only a few of the original cast members reprised their roles . |
NOT ENOUGH INFO | Charles de Gaulle was a brigadier general. | Charles_de_Gaulle | Charles André Joseph Marie de Gaulle -LRB- -LSB- ʃaʁl də ɡol -RSB- ; 22 November 1890 -- 9 November 1970 -RRB- was a French general and statesman . He was the leader of Free France -LRB- 1940 -- 44 -RRB- and the head of the Provisional Government of the French Republic -LRB- 1944 -- 46 -RRB- . In 1958 , he founded the Fifth Republic and was elected as the President of France , a position he held until his resignation in 1969 . He was the dominant figure of France during the Cold War era and his memory continues to influence French politics . Born in Lille , he graduated from Saint-Cyr in 1912 . He was a decorated officer of the First World War , wounded several times , and later taken prisoner at Verdun . During the interwar period , he advocated mobile armoured divisions . During the German invasion of May 1940 , he led an armoured division which counterattacked the invaders ; he was then appointed Under-Secretary for War . Refusing to accept his government 's armistice with Nazi Germany , de Gaulle exhorted the French population to resist occupation and to continue the fight in his Appeal of 18 June . He led a government in exile and the Free French Forces against the Axis . Despite frosty relations with Britain and especially the United States , he emerged as the undisputed leader of the French resistance . He became Head of the Provisional Government of the French Republic in June 1944 , the interim government of France following its Liberation . As early as 1944 , de Gaulle introduced a dirigiste economic policy , which included substantial state-directed control over a capitalist economy which was followed by thirty years of unprecedented growth . Frustrated by the return of petty partisanship in the new Fourth Republic , he resigned in early 1946 but continued to be politically active as founder of the RPF party . He retired in the early 1950s and wrote his War Memoirs , which quickly became a classic of modern French literature . When the Algerian War was ripping apart the unstable Fourth Republic , the National Assembly brought him back to power during the May 1958 crisis . De Gaulle founded the Fifth Republic with a strong presidency , and he was elected in that role . He managed to keep France together while taking steps to end the war , much to the anger of the Pieds-Noirs -LRB- Frenchmen settled in Algeria -RRB- and the military ; both previously had supported his return to power to maintain colonial rule . He granted independence to Algeria and progressively to other French colonies . In the context of the Cold War , de Gaulle initiated his `` Politics of Grandeur '' , asserting that France as a major power should not rely on other countries , such as the US , for its national security and prosperity . To this end , de Gaulle pursued a policy of `` national independence '' which led him to withdraw from NATO 's military integrated command and to launch an independent nuclear development program that made France the fourth nuclear power . He restored cordial Franco-German relations to create a European counterweight between the Anglo-American and Soviet spheres of influence . However , he opposed any development of a supranational Europe , favouring a Europe of sovereign nations . De Gaulle openly criticised the US intervention in Vietnam and the `` exorbitant privilege '' of the US dollar . In his later years , his support for an independent Quebec and his two vetoes against Britain 's entry into the European Community generated considerable controversy . Although re-elected President in 1965 , in May 1968 he appeared likely to lose power amid widespread protests by students and workers but survived the crisis with backing from the Army and won an election with an increased majority in the Assembly . De Gaulle resigned in 1969 after losing a referendum in which he proposed more decentralization . He died a year later at his residence in Colombey-les-Deux-Églises , leaving his Presidential memoirs unfinished . Many French political parties and figures claim the Gaullist legacy . De Gaulle was ranked as `` Le Plus Grand Français de tous les temps '' -LRB- the Greatest Frenchman of All Time -RRB- . |
REFUTES | The only woman to compete in the Baja 1000 was Danica Patrick. | Baja_1000 | The SCORE Baja 1000 is an off-road race that takes place in Mexico 's Baja California Peninsula . The 2016 SCORE Baja 1000 is the final round of a four-race series , previous events are the SCORE Desert Challenge , the SCORE San Felipe 250 & the SCORE Baja 500 . The 2016 round will be the 49th SCORE Baja 1000 , occurring from November 16 -- 20 over an 800-mile loop both starting and ending in Ensenada , Baja California , Mexico . The Baja 1000 allows various types of vehicle classes to compete on the same course -- from such small and large bore motorcycles , stock Volkswagen , production vehicles , buggies , Trucks , and custom fabricated race vehicles . The course has remained relatively the same over the years , about every other being either a point-to-point race from Ensenada to La Paz , or a loop race starting and finishing in Ensenada . The name of the event can be misleading as the mileage varies for the type of event -LRB- `` Loop '' of 600 to 850 miles starting and finishing in Ensenada , or `` Point to Point '' also known as the 900 . The first official race started in Tijuana , Baja California , on October 31 , 1967 , and was named the NORRA Mexican 1000 Rally . The course length that year was 849 mi and ended in La Paz , Baja California Sur , with the overall winning time of 27 hours 38 minutes -LRB- 27:38 -RRB- set by Vic Wilson and Ted Mangels while driving a Meyers Manx buggy . From 1967 to 1972 , the race was organized by the National Off-Road Racing Association -LRB- NORRA -RRB- and grew in popularity with ABC 's `` Wide World of Sports '' sending Jim McKay to cover the 1968 event , and attracting new participants like the late Mickey Thompson , Indy 500 winner Parnelli Jones , movie actor James Garner , and Mary McGee , the first woman to compete in the event . By 1971 , major sponsors such as Olympia Brewing Company and Minolta Cameras began to support Parnelli Jones in his Dick Russell designed and Bill Stroppe prepared `` Big Oly '' Bronco and Larry Minor in a similar Stroppe prepared Bronco . In October 1973 , the price for a barrel of crude oil shot up 70 % overnight as the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries -LRB- OPEC -RRB- launched the Arab Oil Embargo . Fearful competitors would abandon the idea of competing and stay home , NORRA abandoned the race -- despite assurances from the Federal government run Petroleos Mexicanos -LRB- Pemex -RRB- fuel prices would remain stable -- and announced they would hold an event in the state of Arizona . It was at that time in history , Baja California governor Milton Castellanos handed over sanctioning of the event to a non-profit Mexican corporation called the `` Baja Sports Committee '' -LRB- BSC -RRB- . BSC renamed the event the `` Baja Mil '' -LRB- Baja 1000 -RRB- and scheduled the race to run on the original dates chosen by NORRA . Though NORRA held a competing event in the United States that same weekend , BSC successfully ran the race from Ensenada to La Paz like the years prior . Unaware of the challenges , BSC found promoting Baja races more difficult than anticipated . Instead of giving up the race , the Mexican government requested help from Southern California Off-Road Enterprises -LRB- SCORE -RRB- in hosting and promoting future Baja races . Through negotiations with Mickey Thompson and his SCORE organization , the Government agreed to give exclusive rights to SCORE to hold Baja races and also reluctantly allowed SCORE to cancel the event for 1974 -LRB- a year where motorsport was curtailed in the United States because of the oil crisis -RRB- . SCORE hired Sal Fish as president and took control of the Baja 1000 from that year on with the Baja 1000 race resuming under new control in 1975 . In 2012 , the racing organization was purchased by Roger Norman and continues to run under his presidency . |
SUPPORTS | Catherine Hardwicke has done design work. | Catherine_Hardwicke | Catherine Hardwicke -LRB- born Helen Catherine Hardwicke ; -RRB- is an American film director , production designer and screenwriter . Her works include the Academy Award-nominated independent film Thirteen , which she co-wrote with Nikki Reed , the film 's co-star , the Biblically-themed The Nativity Story , the vampire film Twilight , the werewolf film Red Riding Hood , and the classic skateboarding film Lords of Dogtown . The opening weekend of Twilight was the biggest opening ever for a female director . |
SUPPORTS | In the highest-grossing Superman film of all time, Henry Cavill played the superhero. | Henry_Cavill | Henry William Dalgliesh Cavill -LRB- -LSB- ˈkævᵻl -RSB- born 5 May 1983 -RRB- is a British actor . Cavill began his career starring in the film adaptations of The Count of Monte Cristo -LRB- 2002 -RRB- and I Capture the Castle -LRB- 2003 -RRB- . He later appeared in minor and supporting roles in television shows such as BBC 's The Inspector Lynley Mysteries , ITV 's Midsomer Murders and Showtime 's The Tudors -LRB- 2007-10 -RRB- , then crossed to mainstream Hollywood films such as Tristan & Isolde -LRB- 2006 -RRB- , Stardust -LRB- 2007 -RRB- , Blood Creek -LRB- 2009 -RRB- and Immortals -LRB- 2011 -RRB- . Cavill starred as Charles Brandon , 1st Duke of Suffolk in the Showtime television series The Tudors ; and in 2008 became the official spokesman for the Dunhill fragrance collection for men . Cavill gained further prominence and international fame playing the titular superhero Superman in the DC Extended Universe starting with the 2013 reboot film Man of Steel , originally the highest-grossing Superman film of all time until it was surpassed by 2016 's Batman v Superman : Dawn of Justice , where he reprised his role as Superman ; making it his highest-grossing film to date . In 2015 , he co-starred with Armie Hammer in the spy film The Man from U.N.C.L.E. |
SUPPORTS | The Pakistan Movement was the result of a series of transformations in Pakistan. | Pakistan_Movement | The Pakistan Movement or Tehrik-e-Pakistan -LRB- -LSB- -- -RRB- was a religious political movement in the 1940s that aimed for and succeeded in the creation of Pakistan from the Muslim-majority areas of British Indian Empire . The movement progressed within India alongside the Indian independence movement , but the Pakistan Movement sought to establish a new nation-state that protected the religious identity and political interests of Muslims in South Asia . The first organised political movements were in Aligarh where another literary movement was led by Sir Syed Ahmad Khan that built the genesis of the Pakistan movement . An educational convention held in 1906 with joint efforts of Syed Ahmad Khan and Vikar-ul-Haq , the Muslim reformers took the movement to the political stage in the form of establishing the mainstream and then newly formed All-India Muslim League -LRB- AIML -RRB- , with prominent moderate leaders seeking to protect the basic rights of Muslims in the British Raj . During the initial stages of the movement , it adopted the vision of philosopher Iqbal after addressing at the convention of the AIML 's annual session . Muhammad Ali Jinnah 's constitutional struggle further helped gaining public support for the movement in the four provinces . Urdu poets such as Iqbal and Faiz used literature , poetry and speech as a powerful tool for political awareness . Feminists such as Sheila Pant and Fatima Jinnah championed the emancipation of Pakistan 's women and their participation in national politics . The Pakistan Movement was led by a large and diversified group of people whose struggle ultimately resulted in the British Empire announcing the Indian Independence Act 1947 , which created the independent dominions of India and Pakistan . The Pakistan Movement was the result of a series of social , political , and intellectual transformations in Pakistani society , government , and ways of thinking . Efforts and struggles of the Founding Fathers resulted in the creation of the democratic and independent government . In the following years , another nationally -- minded subset went on to established a strong government , followed by the military intervention in 1958 . Grievousness and unbalanced economic distribution caused an upheaval which led East Pakistan to declare independence as the People 's Republic of Bangladesh in 1971 . After a strong concessions and consents reached in 1973 , the new Constitution established a relatively strong government , institutions , national courts , a legislature that represented both states in the Senate and population in the National Assembly . Pakistan 's phase shift to republicanism , and the gradually increasing democracy , caused an upheaval of traditional social hierarchy and gave birth to the ethic that has formed a core of political values in Pakistan . |
REFUTES | Charles de Gaulle was Prime Minister of the Fifth French Republic. | Charles_de_Gaulle | Charles André Joseph Marie de Gaulle -LRB- -LSB- ʃaʁl də ɡol -RSB- ; 22 November 1890 -- 9 November 1970 -RRB- was a French general and statesman . He was the leader of Free France -LRB- 1940 -- 44 -RRB- and the head of the Provisional Government of the French Republic -LRB- 1944 -- 46 -RRB- . In 1958 , he founded the Fifth Republic and was elected as the President of France , a position he held until his resignation in 1969 . He was the dominant figure of France during the Cold War era and his memory continues to influence French politics . Born in Lille , he graduated from Saint-Cyr in 1912 . He was a decorated officer of the First World War , wounded several times , and later taken prisoner at Verdun . During the interwar period , he advocated mobile armoured divisions . During the German invasion of May 1940 , he led an armoured division which counterattacked the invaders ; he was then appointed Under-Secretary for War . Refusing to accept his government 's armistice with Nazi Germany , de Gaulle exhorted the French population to resist occupation and to continue the fight in his Appeal of 18 June . He led a government in exile and the Free French Forces against the Axis . Despite frosty relations with Britain and especially the United States , he emerged as the undisputed leader of the French resistance . He became Head of the Provisional Government of the French Republic in June 1944 , the interim government of France following its Liberation . As early as 1944 , de Gaulle introduced a dirigiste economic policy , which included substantial state-directed control over a capitalist economy which was followed by thirty years of unprecedented growth . Frustrated by the return of petty partisanship in the new Fourth Republic , he resigned in early 1946 but continued to be politically active as founder of the RPF party . He retired in the early 1950s and wrote his War Memoirs , which quickly became a classic of modern French literature . When the Algerian War was ripping apart the unstable Fourth Republic , the National Assembly brought him back to power during the May 1958 crisis . De Gaulle founded the Fifth Republic with a strong presidency , and he was elected in that role . He managed to keep France together while taking steps to end the war , much to the anger of the Pieds-Noirs -LRB- Frenchmen settled in Algeria -RRB- and the military ; both previously had supported his return to power to maintain colonial rule . He granted independence to Algeria and progressively to other French colonies . In the context of the Cold War , de Gaulle initiated his `` Politics of Grandeur '' , asserting that France as a major power should not rely on other countries , such as the US , for its national security and prosperity . To this end , de Gaulle pursued a policy of `` national independence '' which led him to withdraw from NATO 's military integrated command and to launch an independent nuclear development program that made France the fourth nuclear power . He restored cordial Franco-German relations to create a European counterweight between the Anglo-American and Soviet spheres of influence . However , he opposed any development of a supranational Europe , favouring a Europe of sovereign nations . De Gaulle openly criticised the US intervention in Vietnam and the `` exorbitant privilege '' of the US dollar . In his later years , his support for an independent Quebec and his two vetoes against Britain 's entry into the European Community generated considerable controversy . Although re-elected President in 1965 , in May 1968 he appeared likely to lose power amid widespread protests by students and workers but survived the crisis with backing from the Army and won an election with an increased majority in the Assembly . De Gaulle resigned in 1969 after losing a referendum in which he proposed more decentralization . He died a year later at his residence in Colombey-les-Deux-Églises , leaving his Presidential memoirs unfinished . Many French political parties and figures claim the Gaullist legacy . De Gaulle was ranked as `` Le Plus Grand Français de tous les temps '' -LRB- the Greatest Frenchman of All Time -RRB- . |
REFUTES | Charles de Gaulle was Prime Minister of the Fifth French Republic. | French_Fifth_Republic | The Fifth Republic , France 's current republican system of government , was established by Charles de Gaulle under the Constitution of the Fifth Republic on 4 October 1958 . The Fifth Republic emerged from the collapse of the Fourth Republic , replacing the former parliamentary republic with a semi-presidential , or dual-executive , system that split powers between a prime minister as head of government and a president as head of state . De Gaulle , who was the first president elected under the Fifth Republic in December 1958 , believed in a strong head of state , which he described as embodying l'esprit de la nation -LRB- `` the spirit of the nation '' -RRB- . The Fifth Republic is France 's third-longest political regime , after the hereditary and feudal monarchies of the -LRB- -- 1792 -RRB- and the parliamentary Third Republic -LRB- 1870 -- 1940 -RRB- . |
SUPPORTS | Lorelai Gilmore is related to a character played by Edward Herrmann. | Lorelai_Gilmore | Lorelai Victoria Gilmore is a fictional character in the WB/CW television series Gilmore Girls , portrayed by actress Lauren Graham . She is a key character throughout the series ' seven-year run from October 2000 until May 2007 , and the 2016 revival Gilmore Girls : A Year in the Life . Lorelai is a single mother of a teenage daughter , Rory -LRB- Alexis Bledel -RRB- . The dynamic of single parenthood and the tension between Lorelai and her wealthy parents , Richard -LRB- Edward Herrmann -RRB- and especially her controlling mother , Emily -LRB- Kelly Bishop -RRB- , form the main theme of the series story line . Subplots involve various financial difficulties , love interests and other domestic entanglements for both Lorelai and her daughter Rory . Besides an on-again , off-again relationship with Christopher Hayden , Lorelai 's had a few romantic relationships that included Max Medina -LRB- Scott Cohen -RRB- , a teacher at Chilton to whom she was briefly engaged . Alex Lesman -LRB- Billy Burke -RRB- , an outdoorsy coffee house entrepreneur ; Jason Stiles -LRB- Chris Eigeman -RRB- , a childhood acquaintance , and Luke Danes -LRB- Scott Patterson -RRB- , the owner of Luke 's Diner in Stars Hollow , with whom she always had a strong connection . Over the years , as she frequented Luke 's Diner , they became close friends and eventually fell in love . Luke and Lorelai marry in the `` Fall '' episode of the revival series `` A year in the life '' . Lorelai is often included on lists of top `` TV moms '' . Graham received widespread critical acclaim for her performance and has been nominated for several awards , winning two Teen Choice Awards . She was also nominated for two Screen Actors Guild Awards in 2000 and 2001 and for a Golden Globe Award in 2002 . |
SUPPORTS | Augutus Prew's mother was a fashion designer. | Augustus_Prew | Augustus Prew -LRB- born september 17 , 1987 -RRB- is an English film and television actor . He is known for his roles in the films The Secret of Moonacre -LRB- 2008 -RRB- , Charlie St. Cloud -LRB- 2010 -RRB- , The Borgias -LRB- 2011 -RRB- , Kick-Ass 2 -LRB- 2013 -RRB- , and in the miniseries Klondike -LRB- 2014 -RRB- . He also played Drew Jessup on the TV series 24Seven -LRB- 2001 -- 2002 -RRB- . Prew was born in Westminster , London , England and is the son of Wendy Dagworthy , a fashion designer , and Jonathan W. Prew , a photographer . |
NOT ENOUGH INFO | Ed Decter is illiterate. | Evil_Ed | Evil Ed is a 1995 Swedish Horror comedy film directed by Anders Jacobsson . The film is a satire towards the harsh censoring that the Swedish Statens biografbyrå -LRB- Cinemabureau of the state -RRB- ran from 1911 until halted in 1996 . The bureau was dismissed in 2011 , being the oldest film censoring organization in the world . The filmmakers were publicly ridiculed by the head of the Swedish Film Institute on national television . |
SUPPORTS | Paula Abdul was an American Idol (season 8) judge. | American_Idol_-LRB-season_8-RRB- | The eighth season of American Idol premiered on January 13 , 2009 , and concluded on May 20 , 2009 . Judges Simon Cowell , Paula Abdul , and Randy Jackson continued to judge the show 's contestants , along with Ryan Seacrest as host . The season introduced Kara DioGuardi as the fourth judge on the Idol panel . It was also Abdul 's final season as a judge . Kris Allen , a native of Conway , Arkansas , was announced the winner of the competition on May 20 , 2009 , defeating runner-up Adam Lambert after nearly 100 million votes . Kris Allen is the only married winner of the competition at the time of his victory . This was the second season where both of the final two contestants had been in the bottom three or two at least once before the finale , with the first being season three . The eighth season saw numerous changes to the format of the show . There were 36 semi-finalists instead of 24 , and thirteen finalists instead of twelve , nine contestants chosen by the public and four by the judges in a wild card round . Another addition was the `` save , '' which was used on the top seven results show to veto Matt Giraud 's elimination . Seven contestants from this season were signed to record deals . The signed artists are Kris Allen , who was then signed to 19 Entertainment/Jive Records . In addition to Allen , Adam Lambert , Danny Gokey , Allison Iraheta , Lil Rounds , Anoop Desai and Michael Sarver . |
NOT ENOUGH INFO | The Gettysburg Address was criticized by a politician. | Gettysburg_Address | The Gettysburg Address is a speech by U.S. President Abraham Lincoln , one of the best-known in American history . It was delivered by Lincoln during the American Civil War , on the afternoon of Thursday , November 19 , 1863 , at the dedication of the Soldiers ' National Cemetery in Gettysburg , Pennsylvania , four and a half months after the Union armies defeated those of the Confederacy at the Battle of Gettysburg . Abraham Lincoln 's carefully crafted address , secondary to other presentations that day , was one of the greatest and most influential statements of national purpose . In just over two minutes , Lincoln reiterated the principles of human equality espoused by the Declaration of Independence and proclaimed the Civil War as a struggle for the preservation of the Union sundered by the secession crisis , with `` a new birth of freedom '' that would bring true equality to all of its citizens . Lincoln also redefined the Civil War as a struggle not just for the Union , but also for the principle of human equality . Beginning with the now-iconic phrase `` Four score and seven years ago '' -- referring to the United States Declaration of Independence in 1776 -- Lincoln examined the founding principles of the United States as stated in the Declaration of Independence . In the context of the Civil War , Lincoln also memorialized the sacrifices of those who gave their lives at Gettysburg and extolled virtues for the listeners -LRB- and the nation -RRB- to ensure the survival of America 's representative democracy : that `` government of the people , by the people , for the people , shall not perish from the earth . '' Despite the speech 's prominent place in the history and popular culture of the United States , the exact wording and location of the speech are disputed . The five known manuscripts of the Gettysburg Address in Lincoln 's hand differ in a number of details , and also differ from contemporary newspaper reprints of the speech . Modern scholarship locates the speakers ' platform 40 yards -LRB- or more -RRB- away from the Traditional Site within Soldiers ' National Cemetery at the Soldiers ' National Monument and entirely within private , adjacent Evergreen Cemetery . |
REFUTES | Caesar is a 1937 adaptation of The Tempest. | Caesar_-LRB-Mercury_Theatre-RRB- | Caesar is the title of Orson Welles 's innovative 1937 adaptation of William Shakespeare 's Julius Caesar , a modern-dress bare-stage production that evoked comparison to contemporary Fascist Italy and Nazi Germany . Considered Welles 's highest achievement in the theatre , it premiered November 11 , 1937 , as the first production of the Mercury Theatre , an independent repertory theatre company that presented an acclaimed series of productions on Broadway through 1941 . |
SUPPORTS | The Danish language is spoken in North America. | Danish_language | Danish -LSB- ˈdeɪnᵻʃ -RSB- -LRB- dansk -LSB- ˈd̥anˀsɡ̊ -RSB- ; dansk sprog , -LSB- ˈd̥anˀsɡ̊ ˈsb̥ʁɔʊ̯ˀ -RSB- -RRB- is a North Germanic language spoken by around six million people , principally in Denmark and in the region of Southern Schleswig in northern Germany , where it has minority language status . There are also minor Danish-speaking communities in Norway , Sweden , Spain , the United States , Canada , Brazil and Argentina . Due to immigration and language shift in urban areas , around 15 -- 20 % of the population of Greenland speak Danish as their home language . Along with the other North Germanic languages , Danish is a descendant of Old Norse , the common language of the Germanic peoples that lived in Scandinavia during the Viking Era . Danish , together with Swedish , derives from the East Norse dialect group , while the Middle Norwegian language before the influence of Danish and Norwegian Bokmål are classified as West Norse along with Faroese and Icelandic . A more recent classification based on mutual intelligibility separates modern spoken Danish , Norwegian and Swedish as Mainland Scandinavian while Icelandic and Faroese are classified as Insular Scandinavian . Until the 16th century , Danish was a continuum of dialects spoken from Schleswig to Scania with no standard variety or spelling conventions . With the Protestant Reformation and the introduction of printing , a standard language was developed which was based on the educated Copenhagen dialect . It spread through use in the education system and administration though German and Latin continued to be the most important written languages well into the 17th century . Following the loss of territory to Germany and Sweden , a nationalist movement adopted the language as a token of Danish identity , and the language experienced a strong surge in use and popularity with major works of literature produced in the 18th and 19th centuries . Today , traditional Danish dialects have all but disappeared , though there are regional variants of the standard language . The main differences in language are between generations , with youth language being particularly innovative . Danish has a very large vowel inventory comprising 27 phonemically distinctive vowels , and its prosody is characterized by the distinctive phenomenon stød , a kind of laryngeal phonation type . Due to the many pronunciation differences that set apart Danish from its neighboring languages , particularly the vowels , difficult prosody and `` weakly '' pronounced consonants , it is sometimes considered to be a difficult language to learn and understand , and there is some evidence that small children are slower to acquire the phonological distinctions of Danish . The grammar is moderately inflective with strong -LRB- irregular -RRB- and weak -LRB- regular -RRB- conjugations and inflections . Nouns and demonstrative pronouns distinguish common and neutral gender . As in English , Danish only has remnants of a former case system , particularly in the pronouns , and it has lost all person marking on verbs . Its syntax is V2 , with the finite verb always occupying the second slot in the sentence . |
SUPPORTS | The Danish language is spoken in North America. | Canada | Canada -LRB- -LSB- ˈkænədə -RSB- -LSB- kanadɑ -RSB- -RRB- is a country in the northern part of North America . Its ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic to the Pacific and northward into the Arctic Ocean , covering 9.98 e6km2 , making it the world 's second-largest country by total area and the fourth-largest country by land area . Canada 's border with the United States is the world 's longest binational land border . The majority of the country has a cold or severely cold winter climate , but southerly areas are warm in summer . Canada is sparsely populated , the majority of its land territory being dominated by forest and tundra and the Rocky Mountains . It is highly urbanized with 82 per cent of the 35.15 million people concentrated in large and medium-sized cities , many near the southern border . One third of the population lives in the three largest cities : Toronto , Montreal and Vancouver . Its capital is Ottawa , and other major urban areas include Calgary , Edmonton , Quebec City , Winnipeg and Hamilton . Various aboriginal peoples had inhabited what is now Canada for thousands of years prior to European colonization . Beginning in the 16th century , British and French claims were made on the area , with the colony of Canada first being established by the French in 1535 during Jacques Cartier 's second voyage to New France . As a consequence of various conflicts , Great Britain gained and lost territories within British North America until it was left , in the late 18th century , with what mostly geographically comprises Canada today . Pursuant to the British North America Act , on July 1 , 1867 , the colonies of Canada , New Brunswick , and Nova Scotia joined to form the semi-autonomous federal Dominion of Canada . This began an accretion of provinces and territories to the mostly self-governing Dominion to the present ten provinces and three territories forming modern Canada . In 1931 , Canada achieved near total independence from the United Kingdom with the Statute of Westminster 1931 , but at the time , Canada decided to allow the British Parliament to temporarily retain the power to amend Canada 's constitution , on request from the Parliament of Canada . With the Constitution Act 1982 , Canada took over that authority -LRB- as the conclusion of Patriation -RRB- , removing the last remaining ties of legal dependence on the Parliament of the United Kingdom , giving the country full sovereignty . Canada is a federal parliamentary democracy and a constitutional monarchy , with Queen Elizabeth II being the head of state . The country is officially bilingual at the federal level . It is one of the world 's most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations , the product of large-scale immigration from many other countries . Its advanced economy is the eleventh largest in the world , relying chiefly upon its abundant natural resources and well-developed international trade networks . Canada 's long and complex relationship with the United States has had a significant impact on its economy and culture . Canada is a developed country and has the tenth highest nominal per capita income globally as well as the ninth highest ranking in the Human Development Index . It ranks among the highest in international measurements of government transparency , civil liberties , quality of life , economic freedom , and education . Canada is a Commonwealth realm member of the Commonwealth of Nations , a member of the Francophonie , and part of several major international and intergovernmental institutions or groupings including the United Nations , the North Atlantic Treaty Organization , the G8 , the Group of Ten , the G20 , the North American Free Trade Agreement and the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation forum . |
SUPPORTS | The Danish language is spoken in North America. | Greenland | Greenland -LRB- -LSB- ˈɡriːnlənd -RSB- Kalaallit Nunaat -LSB- kaˈlaːɬit ˈnunaːt -RSB- Grønland -LSB- ˈɡ̊ʁɶnˌlanˀ -RSB- -RRB- is an autonomous constituent country within the Kingdom of Denmark between the Arctic and Atlantic Oceans , east of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago . Though physiographically a part of the continent of North America , Greenland has been politically and culturally associated with Europe -LRB- specifically Norway and Denmark , the colonial powers , as well as the nearby island of Iceland -RRB- for more than a millennium . The majority of its residents are Inuit , whose ancestors began migrating from the Canadian mainland in the 13th century , gradually settling across the island . Greenland is the world 's largest island -LRB- Australia , although larger , is generally considered to be a continental landmass rather than an island -RRB- . Three-quarters of Greenland is covered by the only permanent ice sheet outside Antarctica . With a population of about 56,480 -LRB- 2013 -RRB- , it is the least densely populated country in the world . The Arctic Umiaq Line ferry acts as a lifeline for western Greenland , connecting the various cities and settlements . Greenland has been inhabited off and on for at least the last 4,500 years by Arctic peoples whose forebears migrated there from what is now Canada . Norsemen settled the uninhabited southern part of Greenland beginning in the 10th century , and Inuit peoples arrived in the 13th century . The Norse colonies disappeared in the late 15th century . Soon after their demise , beginning in 1499 , the Portuguese briefly explored and claimed the island , naming it Terra do Lavrador -LRB- later applied to Labrador in Canada -RRB- . In the early 18th century , Scandinavian explorers reached Greenland again . To strengthen trading and power , Denmark-Norway affirmed sovereignty over the island . Denmark -- Norway claimed Greenland for centuries . Greenland was settled by Vikings -LRB- of Norwegian origin -RRB- more than a thousand years ago , who had previously settled Iceland to escape persecution from the King of Norway and his central government . Vikings set sail from Greenland and Iceland , encountering North America nearly 500 years before Columbus reached the Caribbean islands . They attempted to colonize land . Though under continuous influence of Norway and Norwegians , Greenland was not formally under the Norwegian crown until 1262 . The Kingdom of Norway was extensive and a military power until the mid-14th century . Norway was dramatically hit with a larger death toll than Denmark by the Black Death , forcing Norway to accept a union in which the central government , university and other fundamental institutions were located in Copenhagen . Thus , the two kingdoms ' resources were directed at creating Copenhagen . Norway became the weaker part and lost sovereignty over Greenland in 1814 when the union was dissolved . Greenland became a Danish colony in 1814 , and was made a part of the Danish Realm in 1953 under the Constitution of Denmark . In 1973 , Greenland joined the European Economic Community with Denmark . However , in a referendum in 1982 , a majority of the population voted for Greenland to withdraw from the EEC which was effected in 1985 . Greenland contains the world 's largest and most northernly national park , Northeast Greenland National Park -LRB- Kalaallit Nunaanni nuna eqqissisimatitaq -RRB- . Established in 1974 and expanded to its present size in 1988 , it protects 972001 km2 of the interior and northeastern coast of Greenland and is bigger than all but twenty-nine countries in the world . Greenland is divided into four municipalities - Sermersooq , Kujalleq , Qaasuitsup , and Qeqqata . In 1979 , Denmark had granted home rule to Greenland , and in 2008 , Greenlanders voted in favour of the Self-Government Act , which transferred more power from the Danish royal government to the local Greenlandic government . Under the new structure , in effect since 21 June 2009 , Greenland can gradually assume responsibility for policing , judicial system , company law , accounting , and auditing ; mineral resource activities ; aviation ; law of legal capacity , family law and succession law ; aliens and border controls ; the working environment ; and financial regulation and supervision , while the Danish government retains control of foreign affairs and defence . It also retains control of monetary policy , providing an initial annual subsidy of DKK 3.4 billion , which is planned to diminish gradually over time . Greenland expects to grow its economy based on increased income from the extraction of natural resources . The capital , Nuuk , held the 2016 Arctic Winter Games . At 70 % , Greenland has one of the highest shares of renewable energy in the world , mostly coming from hydropower . |
NOT ENOUGH INFO | Uta Hagan is an American farmer. | Peter_S._Hellman | Peter S. Hellman is an American businessman . |
REFUTES | Planet Hollywood Las Vegas is operated by all entities except Caesars Entertainment Corporation. | Planet_Hollywood_Las_Vegas | Planet Hollywood Las Vegas -LRB- formerly Tally-Ho , King 's Crown and Aladdin -RRB- is a hotel and casino located on the Las Vegas Strip in Paradise , Nevada . It is owned and operated by Caesars Entertainment Corporation . Hilton Grand Vacations operates the timeshare portion of the property , known as Elara . In April 2010 , Total Rewards replaced the `` A-List '' Player rewards card at Planet Hollywood . |
REFUTES | The Cyclades are in the Red Sea. | Cyclades | The Cyclades -LRB- -LSB- ˈsɪklədiːz -RSB- Κυκλάδες , -LSB- cikˈlaðes -RSB- -RRB- are an island group in the Aegean Sea , southeast of mainland Greece and a former administrative prefecture of Greece . They are one of the island groups which constitute the Aegean archipelago . The name refers to the islands around the sacred island of Delos . The largest island of the Cyclades is Naxos . |
REFUTES | Andrew Carnegie has a 1889 award. | Andrew_Carnegie | Andrew Carnegie -LRB- -LSB- kɑːrˈneɪɡi -RSB- , but commonly -LSB- ˈkɑːrnᵻɡi -RSB- or -LSB- kɑrˈnɛɡi -RSB- ; November 25 , 1835 -- August 11 , 1919 -RRB- was a Scottish-American industrialist who led the expansion of the American steel industry in the late 19th century , and is often identified as one of the richest people and Americans ever . He built a leadership role as a philanthropist for the United States and the British Empire . During the last 18 years of his life , he gave away to charities , foundations , and universities about $ 350 million -LRB- in 2015 share of GDP , $ 78.6 billion -RRB- -- almost 90 percent of his fortune . His 1889 article proclaiming `` The Gospel of Wealth '' called on the rich to use their wealth to improve society , and it stimulated a wave of philanthropy . Carnegie was born in Dunfermline , Scotland , and emigrated in 1848 to the United States with his parents . Carnegie started work as a telegrapher and by the 1860s had investments in railroads , railroad sleeping cars , bridges and oil derricks . He accumulated further wealth as a bond salesman raising money for American enterprise in Europe . He built Pittsburgh 's Carnegie Steel Company , which he sold to J.P. Morgan in 1901 for $ 480 million . It became the U.S. Steel Corporation . After selling Carnegie Steel , he surpassed John D. Rockefeller as the richest American for the next couple of years . Carnegie devoted the remainder of his life to large-scale philanthropy , with special emphasis on local libraries , world peace , education and scientific research . With the fortune he made from business , he built Carnegie Hall and the Peace Palace and founded the Carnegie Corporation of New York , Carnegie Endowment for International Peace , Carnegie Institution for Science , Carnegie Trust for the Universities of Scotland , Carnegie Hero Fund , Carnegie Mellon University and the Carnegie Museums of Pittsburgh , among others . |
REFUTES | Atlanta metropolitan area had a population of 5.5 million people. | Atlanta_metropolitan_area | Metro Atlanta , designated by the United States Office of Management and Budget as the Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Roswell , GA Metropolitan Statistical Area , is the most populous metro area in the US state of Georgia and the ninth-largest metropolitan statistical area -LRB- MSA -RRB- in the United States . Its economic , cultural and demographic center is Atlanta , and it had a 2015 estimated population of 5.7 million people according to the U.S. Census Bureau . The metro area forms the core of a broader trading area , the Atlanta -- Athens-Clarke -- Sandy Springs Combined Statistical Area . The Combined Statistical Area spans up to 39 counties in north Georgia and had an estimated 2015 population of 6.3 million people . Atlanta is considered an `` alpha world city '' . It is the third largest metropolitan region in the Census Bureau 's Southeast region behind Greater Washington and South Florida . |
REFUTES | Balibo (film) involves zero journalist. | Balibo_-LRB-film-RRB- | Balibo is a 2009 Australian war film that follows the story of the Balibo Five , a group of journalists who were captured and killed while reporting on activities just prior to the Indonesian invasion of East Timor of 1975 . While historically accurate , the film is loosely based on the book Cover-Up by Jill Jolliffe , an Australian journalist who met the men before they were killed . The film follows dishevelled journalist Roger East , played by Anthony LaPaglia , who travels to East Timor in 1975 to investigate the deaths of the Balibo Five during the buildup to the Indonesian invasion of East Timor . Oscar Isaac plays the young José Ramos-Horta , who would later receive the Nobel Peace Prize and become the second President of East Timor , who joins East in the movie . Filming began on 30 June 2008 , in Dili , East Timor , and the film was released the following year . It was produced by Arenafilm in Australia with Robert Connolly as director , David Williamson as screenwriter , and Professor Clinton Fernandes as historical consultant . LaPaglia , also an Executive Producer , named East as `` probably the best role I 've ever had '' . |
NOT ENOUGH INFO | Tennessee was the last state to get a state bird. | Tennessee_Open | The Tennessee Open is the Tennessee state open golf tournament , open to both amateur and professional golfers . It is organized by the Tennessee Golf Association . It has been played annually since 1949 at a variety of courses around the state . |
NOT ENOUGH INFO | Carol Danvers appears in the American comic books The Amazing Spider-man and The X-men. | Carol_Danvers | Carol Danvers is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics . Created by writer Roy Thomas and designed by artist Gene Colan , Major Carol Danvers first appeared as a member of the United States Air Force in Marvel Super-Heroes # 13 -LRB- March 1968 -RRB- and debuted as the first incarnation of Ms. Marvel in Ms. Marvel # 1 -LRB- January 1977 -RRB- after a fusion of alien Kree and human genes gives her superhuman powers , which occurred in Captain Marvel # 18 -LRB- November 1969 -RRB- . Debuting in the Silver Age of comics , the character was featured in a self-titled series in the late 1970s before becoming associated with superhero teams the Avengers and the X-Men . The character has also been known as Binary , Warbird , and Captain Marvel at various points in her history , and has been featured in other Marvel licensed products including video games , animated television series , and merchandise such as trading cards . Due to her long history in Marvel Comics , Carol Danvers has been highly regarded . She has been labeled `` Marvel 's biggest female hero '' , a `` feminist icon '' , as `` quite possibly Marvel 's mightiest Avenger '' , She was ranked twenty-ninth in Comics Buyer 's Guides `` 100 Sexiest Women in Comics '' list , and was ranked # 11 on IGN 's `` Top 50 Avengers '' . Marvel Studios announced a live-action film featuring the character , titled Captain Marvel and starring Brie Larson , which is scheduled for release in 2019 . |
REFUTES | Edward Cullen was created outside of Stephenie Meyer's work. | Edward_Cullen | Edward Cullen -LRB- né Edward Anthony Masen -RRB- is a fictional character in Stephenie Meyer 's Twilight series . He is featured in the books Twilight , New Moon , Eclipse and Breaking Dawn , and their corresponding film adaptations , and the as yet unfinished novel Midnight Sun -- a re-telling of the events of Twilight from Edward 's perspective . Edward is a telepathic vampire who , over the course of the series , falls in love with , marries , and has a child with Bella Swan , a human teenager who later chooses to become a vampire as well . In the Twilight film series , Edward is played by actor Robert Pattinson . |
NOT ENOUGH INFO | Aristocracy is derived from the compound word for "rule of the best". | Aristocracy | Aristocracy -LRB- Greek ἀριστοκρατία aristokratía , from ἄριστος aristos `` excellent , '' and κράτος kratos `` power '' -RRB- is a form of government that places power in the hands of a small , privileged ruling class . The term derives from the Greek aristokratia , meaning `` rule of the best '' . At the time of the word 's origins in Ancient Greece , the Greeks conceived it as rule by the best qualified citizens -- and often contrasted it favourably with monarchy , rule by an individual . In later times , aristocracy was usually seen as rule by a privileged group , the aristocratic class , and was contrasted with democracy . |
NOT ENOUGH INFO | P.S I Love You (film) is a drama based television show. | P.S._I_Still_Love_You | P.S. I Still Love You is a 2015 novel by Jenny Han . This book is the sequel to To All the Boys I 've Loved Before , published in 2014 . |
SUPPORTS | Pattern recognition systems are trained from labeled "training" data. | Pattern_recognition | Pattern recognition is a branch of machine learning that focuses on the recognition of patterns and regularities in data , although it is in some cases considered to be nearly synonymous with machine learning . Pattern recognition systems are in many cases trained from labeled `` training '' data -LRB- supervised learning -RRB- , but when no labeled data are available other algorithms can be used to discover previously unknown patterns -LRB- unsupervised learning -RRB- . The terms pattern recognition , machine learning , data mining and knowledge discovery in databases -LRB- KDD -RRB- are hard to separate , as they largely overlap in their scope . Machine learning is the common term for supervised learning methods and originates from artificial intelligence , whereas KDD and data mining have a larger focus on unsupervised methods and stronger connection to business use . Pattern recognition has its origins in engineering , and the term is popular in the context of computer vision : a leading computer vision conference is named Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition . In pattern recognition , there may be a higher interest to formalize , explain and visualize the pattern , while machine learning traditionally focuses on maximizing the recognition rates . Yet , all of these domains have evolved substantially from their roots in artificial intelligence , engineering and statistics , and they 've become increasingly similar by integrating developments and ideas from each other . In machine learning , pattern recognition is the assignment of a label to a given input value . In statistics , discriminant analysis was introduced for this same purpose in 1936 . An example of pattern recognition is classification , which attempts to assign each input value to one of a given set of classes -LRB- for example , determine whether a given email is `` spam '' or `` non-spam '' -RRB- . However , pattern recognition is a more general problem that encompasses other types of output as well . Other examples are regression , which assigns a real-valued output to each input ; sequence labeling , which assigns a class to each member of a sequence of values -LRB- for example , part of speech tagging , which assigns a part of speech to each word in an input sentence -RRB- ; and parsing , which assigns a parse tree to an input sentence , describing the syntactic structure of the sentence . Pattern recognition algorithms generally aim to provide a reasonable answer for all possible inputs and to perform `` most likely '' matching of the inputs , taking into account their statistical variation . This is opposed to pattern matching algorithms , which look for exact matches in the input with pre-existing patterns . A common example of a pattern-matching algorithm is regular expression matching , which looks for patterns of a given sort in textual data and is included in the search capabilities of many text editors and word processors . In contrast to pattern recognition , pattern matching is generally not considered a type of machine learning , although pattern-matching algorithms -LRB- especially with fairly general , carefully tailored patterns -RRB- can sometimes succeed in providing similar-quality output of the sort provided by pattern-recognition algorithms . |
NOT ENOUGH INFO | Estelle Getty was a magician. | Estelle_Getty | Estelle Getty -LRB- née Scher ; also known as Estelle Gettleman ; July 25 , 1923 -- July 22 , 2008 -RRB- was an American actress and comedian , who appeared in film , television , and theatre . She was best known for her role as Sophia Petrillo on The Golden Girls from 1985 to 1992 , which won her an Emmy and a Golden Globe , on The Golden Palace from 1992 to 1993 , and on Empty Nest from 1993 to 1995 . In her later years , after retiring from acting , she battled Lewy body dementia . |
SUPPORTS | Key & Peele has won a Peabody Award. | Key_&_Peele | Key & Peele is an American sketch comedy television series created by Keegan-Michael Key and Jordan Peele for Comedy Central . Both Key and Peele previously worked on MADtv . Each episode of the show consists mainly of several pre-taped skits starring the two actors . The sketches cover a variety of societal topics , often with a focus on American popular culture , ethnic stereotypes , and race relations . Key & Peele premiered on January 31 , 2012 and ended on September 9 , 2015 , with a total of 53 episodes , over the course of five seasons . A special entitled `` Key & Peele 's Super Bowl Special '' aired on January 30 , 2015 . Key & Peele won a Peabody Award and two Primetime Emmy Awards and has been nominated for various other awards , including Writers Guild Award , NAACP Image Award and 16 additional Primetime Emmy Awards in various categories . |
NOT ENOUGH INFO | Truman Capote's lifelong friend was Ernest Hemingway. | Capote_-LRB-film-RRB- | Capote is a 2005 biographical film about Truman Capote , following the events during the writing of Capote 's non-fiction book In Cold Blood . Philip Seymour Hoffman won several awards , including the Academy Award for Best Actor , for his critically acclaimed portrayal of the title character . The film was based on Gerald Clarke 's biography Capote and was directed by Bennett Miller . It was filmed mostly in Manitoba in the autumn of 2004 . It was released September 30 , 2005 , to coincide with Truman Capote 's birthday . |
SUPPORTS | The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints has laws on chastity, health, and fasting. | The_Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saints | The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints -LRB- the LDS Church or , informally , the Mormon Church -RRB- is a Christian restorationist church that is considered by its members to be the restoration of the original church founded by Jesus Christ . The church is headquartered in Salt Lake City , Utah , and has established congregations and built temples worldwide . According to the church , it has over 70,000 missionaries and a membership of over 15 million . It is ranked by the National Council of Churches as the fourth-largest Christian denomination in the United States . It is the largest denomination in the Latter Day Saint movement founded by Joseph Smith during the period of religious revival known as the Second Great Awakening . Adherents , often referred to as `` Latter-day Saints '' , or , less formally , `` Mormons '' , view faith in Jesus Christ and his atonement as fundamental principles of their religion . LDS theology includes the Christian doctrine of salvation only through Jesus Christ , though LDS doctrines regarding the nature of God and the potential of mankind differ significantly from mainstream Christianity . The church has an open canon which includes four scriptural texts : the Bible -LRB- both Old and New Testaments -RRB- , the Book of Mormon , the Doctrine and Covenants , and the Pearl of Great Price . Other than the Bible , the majority of the LDS canon constitutes revelation spoken by Joseph Smith and recorded by his scribes which includes commentary and exegesis about the Bible , texts described as lost parts of the Bible , and other works believed to be written by ancient prophets . Because of some of the doctrinal differences , some Catholic , Orthodox , and Protestant churches consider the LDS Church to be distinct and separate from mainstream Christianity . Under the doctrine of continuing revelation , Latter-day Saints believe that the church president is a modern-day `` prophet , seer , and revelator '' and that Jesus Christ , under the direction of God the Father , leads the church by revealing his will to its president . The current president is Thomas S. Monson . Individual members of the church believe that they can also receive personal revelation from God in conducting their lives . The president heads a hierarchical structure with various levels reaching down to local congregations . Bishops , drawn from the laity , lead local congregations . Male members , after reaching age 12 , may be ordained to the priesthood , provided they are living the standards of the church . Women do not hold positions within the priesthood , but do occupy leadership roles in some church auxiliary organizations . Both men and women may serve as missionaries , and the church maintains a large missionary program which proselytizes and conducts humanitarian services worldwide . Faithful members adhere to church laws of sexual purity , health , fasting , and Sabbath observance , and contribute ten percent of their income to the church in tithing . In addition , the church teaches sacred ordinances through which adherents make covenants with God , including baptism , confirmation , the sacrament -LRB- holy communion -RRB- , endowment , and celestial marriage -LRB- marriage blessings which extend beyond mortality -RRB- -- all of which are of great significance to church members . |
SUPPORTS | The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints has laws on chastity, health, and fasting. | Law_of_chastity | The law of chastity is a moral code defined by The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints -LRB- LDS Church -RRB- . According to the church , chastity means that `` sexual relations are proper only between a man and a woman who are legally and lawfully wedded as husband and wife . '' Therefore , abstinence from sexual relations before marriage , and complete fidelity to one 's spouse during marriage , are required . As part of the law of chastity , the church teaches its members not only to abstain from adultery and fornication , but also to refrain from masturbation and to avoid sexually inappropriate thoughts . The law of chastity is taught to church members of all ages , and is especially emphasized to adolescents . |
SUPPORTS | Two and a Half Men is an US television sitcom. | Two_and_a_Half_Men | Two and a Half Men is an American television sitcom that originally aired on CBS for twelve seasons from September 22 , 2003 to February 19 , 2015 . Originally starring Charlie Sheen , Jon Cryer , and Angus T. Jones , the series was about a hedonistic jingle writer , Charlie Harper ; his uptight brother Alan ; and Alan 's troublesome son Jake . After Alan divorces , he moves with his son to share Charlie 's beachfront Malibu house and complicates Charlie 's freewheeling life . In 2010 , CBS and Warner Bros. . Television reached a multiyear broadcasting agreement for the series , renewing it through at least the 2011 -- 12 season . In February 2011 , however , CBS and Warner Bros. decided to end production for the rest of the eighth season after Sheen entered drug rehabilitation and made `` disparaging comments '' about the series ' creator and executive producer Chuck Lorre . Sheen 's contract was terminated the following month and he was confirmed not to be returning to the series . Ashton Kutcher was hired to replace him the following season as Walden Schmidt , a billionaire who buys Charlie 's house after his death . In April 2013 , CBS renewed the series for an eleventh season after closing one-year deals with Kutcher and Cryer . Jones , who was attending college , was relegated to recurring status for season 11 , but never made an appearance until the series finale . He was replaced by Jenny -LRB- Amber Tamblyn -RRB- , Charlie 's previously unknown daughter . In March 2014 , CBS renewed the series for a twelfth season , which was later announced to be the series ' last . The season began airing in October 2014 and concluded in February 2015 with the 40-minute series finale `` Of Course He 's Dead '' . The success of the series led to it being the fourth-highest revenue-generating program for 2012 , earning $ 3.24 million an episode . |
SUPPORTS | The Africa Cup of Nations is a football tournament. | Africa_Cup_of_Nations | The Africa Cup of Nations , officially CAN -LRB- Coupe d'Afrique des Nations -RRB- , also referred to as African Cup of Nations , or AFCON , is the main international association football competition in Africa . It is sanctioned by the Confederation of African Football -LRB- CAF -RRB- , and was first held in 1957 . Since 1968 , it has been held every two years . The title holders at the time of a FIFA Confederations Cup qualify for that competition . In 1957 there were only three participating nations : Egypt , Sudan and Ethiopia . South Africa was originally scheduled to compete , but were disqualified due to the apartheid policies of the government then in power . Since then , the tournament has grown greatly , making it necessary to hold a qualifying tournament . The number of participants in the final tournament reached 16 in 1998 -LRB- 16 teams were to compete in 1996 but Nigeria withdrew , reducing the field to 15 , and the same happened with Togo 's withdrawal in 2010 -RRB- , and since then , the format has been unchanged , with the sixteen teams being drawn into four groups of four teams each , with the top two teams of each group advancing to a `` knock-out '' stage . Egypt is the most successful nation in the cup 's history , winning the tournament a record of seven times -LRB- including when Egypt was known as the United Arab Republic between 1958 and 1961 -RRB- . Three different trophies have been awarded during the tournament 's history , with Ghana and Cameroon winning the first two versions to keep after each of them won a tournament three times . The current trophy was first awarded in 2002 and with Egypt winning it indefinitely after winning their unprecedented third consecutive title in 2010 . As of 2013 , the tournament was switched to being held in odd-numbered years so as not to clash with the FIFA World Cup . In July 2016 , Total has secured an eight-year sponsorship package from the Confederation of African Football -LRB- CAF -RRB- to support 10 of its principal competitions . Total will start with the Africa Cup of Nations to be held in Gabon therefore renaming it Total Africa cup of Nations . |
REFUTES | Yvonne Strahovski is a Latvian actress. | Yvonne_Strahovski | Yvonne Jaqueline Strzechowski -LRB- born 30 July 1982 -RRB- , known professionally as Yvonne Strahovski -LRB- -LSB- strəˈhɒvski -RSB- -RRB- , is an Australian actress . She is best known for her roles as CIA Agent Sarah Walker in the NBC series Chuck -LRB- 2007 -- 2012 -RRB- , Hannah McKay in the Showtime series Dexter -LRB- 2012 -- 2013 -RRB- and CIA Agent Kate Morgan in the Fox limited event television series 24 : Live Another Day -LRB- 2014 -RRB- . Strahovski 's other notable works include Lego : The Adventures of Clutch Powers -LRB- 2010 -RRB- , Killer Elite -LRB- 2011 -RRB- , I , Frankenstein -LRB- 2014 -RRB- , The Astronaut Wives Club -LRB- 2015 -RRB- , and Manhattan Night -LRB- 2016 -RRB- . She has also voiced Miranda Lawson in the Mass Effect video game series and Batwoman in the animated film Batman : Bad Blood -LRB- 2016 -RRB- . |
NOT ENOUGH INFO | Pocahontas became, in her lifetime, a kind of celebrity and was noted in the context and culture she lived in. | Pocahontas,_Missouri | Pocahontas is a village in Cape Girardeau County , Missouri , United States . The population was 114 at the 2010 census . It is part of the Cape Girardeau -- Jackson , MO-IL Metropolitan Statistical Area . |
REFUTES | Louie (season 1) was created by David Benioff. | Louie_-LRB-season_1-RRB- | The first season of the American television comedy series Louie premiered on June 29 , 2010 and concluded on September 7 , 2010 . It consisted of thirteen episodes , each running approximately 23 minutes in length . FX broadcast the first season on Tuesdays at 11:00 pm in the United States . The season was produced by 3 Arts Entertainment and the executive producers were Louis C.K. , Dave Becky and M. Blair Breard . The first season was released on DVD and Blu-ray in region 1 on June 21 , 2011 . Louie was created by Louis C.K. , who serves as the series ' sole writer and director . C.K. stars as a fictionalized version of himself , a comedian and newly divorced father raising his two daughters in New York City . The show has a loose format atypical for television comedy series , consisting of largely unconnected storylines and segments -LRB- described as `` extended vignettes '' -RRB- that revolve around Louie 's life , punctuated by live stand-up performances . The season received critical acclaim . |
NOT ENOUGH INFO | Leslie Alexander is a former Catholic. | Charles_Dundas_-LRB-priest-RRB- | Charles Leslie Dundas -LRB- 1 November 1847 - 17 March 1932 -RRB- was an eminent Anglican priest in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries . |
SUPPORTS | The Beverly Hillbillies is a show that lost the opportunity to appear on television. | The_Beverly_Hillbillies | The Beverly Hillbillies is an American sitcom originally broadcast on CBS for nine seasons , from September 26 , 1962 , to March 23 , 1971 . The show had an ensemble cast featuring Buddy Ebsen , Irene Ryan , Donna Douglas , and Max Baer Jr. as a poor backwoods family who move to Beverly Hills , California , after striking oil on their land . The show was produced by Filmways and was created by writer Paul Henning . It was followed by two other Henning-inspired country-cousin series on CBS : Petticoat Junction , and its spin-off Green Acres , which reversed the rags-to-riches , country-to-city model of The Beverly Hillbillies . The Beverly Hillbillies ranked among the top 20 most-watched programs on television for eight of its nine seasons , twice ranking as the number one series of the year , with a number of episodes that remain among the most-watched television episodes in history . It accumulated seven Emmy nominations during its run . The series remains in syndication on MeTV , and its ongoing popularity spawned a 1993 film remake by 20th Century Fox . |
NOT ENOUGH INFO | SpongeBob SquarePants is a political agenda. | SpongeBob_SquarePants_-LRB-character-RRB- | SpongeBob SquarePants is the titular character and protagonist of the American animated television series of the same name . He is voiced by actor and comedian Tom Kenny , and first appeared on television in the series ' pilot episode on May 1 , 1999 . SpongeBob SquarePants was created and designed by cartoonist and marine biologist Stephen Hillenburg shortly after the cancellation of Rocko 's Modern Life in 1996 . Hillenburg intended to create a series about an over-optimistic sponge that annoys other characters . Hillenburg compared the concept to Laurel and Hardy and Pee-wee Herman . As he drew the character , he decided that a `` squeaky-clean square '' -LRB- like a kitchen sponge -RRB- fit the concept . His name is derived from `` Bob the Sponge '' , the host of Hillenburg 's comic strip The Intertidal Zone that he originally drew in the 1980s while teaching marine biology to visitors of the Ocean Institute . SpongeBob is a naïve and goofy sea sponge who works as a fry cook in the fictional underwater town of Bikini Bottom . The character has received positive critical response from media critics and achieved popularity with both children and adults , though he has been involved in public controversy . SpongeBob appeared in a We Are Family Foundation video promoting tolerance , which was criticized by James Dobson of Focus on the Family because of the foundation 's link to homosexuality . |
SUPPORTS | Personality is affected by the development of social relationships. | Personality | Personality is a set of individual differences that are affected by the development of an individual : values , attitudes , personal memories , social relationships , habits , and skills . Different personality theorists present their own definitions of the word based on their theoretical positions . The term `` personality trait '' refers to enduring personal characteristics that are revealed in a particular pattern of behaviour in a variety of situations . |
NOT ENOUGH INFO | Dissociative identity disorder is caused by major depressive disorder. | Dissociative_identity_disorder | Dissociative identity disorder -LRB- DID -RRB- , also known as multiple personality disorder -LRB- MPD -RRB- , is a mental disorder characterized by at least two distinct and relatively enduring identities or dissociated personality states . These states alternately show in a person 's behavior , accompanied by memory impairment for important information not explained by ordinary forgetfulness . These symptoms are not accounted for by substance abuse , seizures , or other medical conditions , nor by imaginative play in children . Dissociative symptoms range from common lapses in attention , becoming distracted by something else , and daydreaming , to pathological dissociative disorders . Symptoms vary over time . Dissociative disorders , including DID , have been attributed to disruptions in memory caused by trauma or other forms of stress . Research on this hypothesis has been characterized by poor methodology . An alternative hypothesis is that DID is a by-product of techniques employed by some therapists , especially those using hypnosis , and disagreement between the two positions is characterized by intense debate . DID is one of the most controversial psychiatric disorders , with no clear consensus on diagnostic criteria or treatment . No systematic , empirically supported definition of `` dissociation '' exists . Diagnosis is often difficult , as the entity is frequently associated with other mental disorders . Differential diagnosis should consider malingering if the individual 's principal concern is with financial or forensic gain or with the avoidance of obligations ; and factitious disorder , if the individual 's principal concern is with assuming a patient role . It is generally believed that DID rarely resolves spontaneously . In general , the prognosis is poor , especially for those with comorbid disorders . There is little systematic data on rates of the condition . It is believed to affect between 1 % and 3 % of the general population , and between 1 % and 5 % in inpatient groups in Europe and North America . DID is diagnosed more frequently in North America than in the rest of the world , and is diagnosed three to nine times more often in females than in males . Rates of diagnoses increased greatly in the latter half of the 20th century , along with the number of identities -LRB- often referred to as `` alters '' -RRB- claimed by people -LRB- increasing from an average of two or three to approximately 16 -RRB- . DID is also controversial within the legal system , where it has been used as a rarely successful form of the insanity defense . The 1990s showed a parallel increase in the number of court cases involving the diagnosis . DID became a popular diagnosis in the 1970s , '80s , and '90s , but it is unclear whether the actual rate of the disorder increased , whether it was more recognized by health care providers , or whether sociocultural factors caused an increase in therapy-induced -LRB- iatrogenic -RRB- presentations . The unusual number of diagnoses after 1980 , clustered around a small number of clinicians , and the suggestibility characteristic of those with DID , support the hypothesis that DID is therapist-induced . The unusual clustering of diagnoses has also been explained as due to a lack of awareness and training among clinicians to recognize cases of DID . |
REFUTES | Bonaire was excluded from the Netherlands Antilles until the country's dissolution. | Bonaire | Bonaire -LRB- pronounced -LSB- bɔːˈnɛər -RSB- or -LSB- bɒnˈɛər -RSB- Bonaire , -LSB- boˈnɛːr -RSB- ; Papiamentu : Boneiru -RRB- is an island in the Leeward Antilles in the Caribbean Sea . Together with Aruba and Curaçao , it forms the group known as the ABC islands , located less than a hundred miles off the north coast of South America near the western part of Venezuela . Unlike much of the Caribbean region , the ABCs lie outside the hurricane belt . The islands have an arid climate , which helps tourism , as visitors to the islands can reliably expect warm , sunny weather . Bonaire is a popular destination for SCUBA divers , and it is also well known for easy access to its various reefs from the shore . Bonaire 's capital is Kralendijk . The island has a permanent population of 18,905 -LRB- as of 1 January 2015 -RRB- and an area of 294 km2 -LRB- together with nearby uninhabited Klein Bonaire -RRB- . Bonaire was part of the Netherlands Antilles until the country 's dissolution in 2010 , when the island became a special municipality within the country of the Netherlands . It is one of the three BES islands in the Caribbean ; the other two BES islands are Sint Eustatius and Saba . |
SUPPORTS | Eurotas (river) is one of the rivers of Greece. | Eurotas_-LRB-river-RRB- | The Eurotas or Evrotas -LRB- Greek : Ευρώτας -RRB- is the main river of Laconia and one of the major rivers of the Peloponnese , in Greece . The river 's springs are located just northwest of the border between Laconia and Arcadia , at Skortsinos . The river is also fed by underwater springs at Pellana and by tributaries coursing down from Mt. Taygetos and Mt. Parnon , which flank the Eurotas valley to the west and east , respectively . The river is 82 km long , flowing in a north-south direction and emptying into the Laconian Gulf . |
REFUTES | Alan White has no experience as an Ambassador. | Alan_White | Alan White may refer to : Alan White -LRB- English footballer -RRB- -LRB- born 1976 -RRB- , English footballer Alan White -LRB- Australian footballer -RRB- -LRB- born 1933 -RRB- , Australian rules footballer Alan White -LRB- novelist -RRB- -LRB- born 1924 -RRB- , English novelist , author of The Long Day 's Dying Alan White -LRB- RAF officer -RRB- -LRB- born 1932 -RRB- , British air marshal Alan White -LRB- Oasis drummer -RRB- -LRB- born 1972 -RRB- , English drummer in rock group Oasis Alan White -LRB- Yes drummer -RRB- -LRB- born 1949 -RRB- , English drummer in rock group Yes Alan White -LRB- disc jockey -RRB- -LRB- born 1941 -RRB- , American disc jockey Alan White -LRB- economist -RRB- , University of Toronto finance professor Alan White -LRB- actor -RRB- -LRB- born 1924 -RRB- , Australian actor Alan White , British Committee of 100 -LRB- United Kingdom -RRB- signatory Alan White -LRB- diplomat -RRB- , former British Ambassador to Bolivia and Chile 1985 -- 1987 |
REFUTES | Zoey Deutch did not portray Rosemarie Hathaway in Vampire Academy. | Zoey_Deutch | Zoey Francis Thompson Deutch -LRB- born November 10 , 1994 -RRB- is an American actress . She is known for portraying Rosemarie `` Rose '' Hathaway in Vampire Academy -LRB- 2014 -RRB- , Beverly in the Richard Linklater film Everybody Wants Some !! -LRB- 2016 -RRB- , Stephanie Fleming in Why Him ? -LRB- 2016 -RRB- , Samantha Kingston in Before I Fall -LRB- 2017 -RRB- and Erica Vandross in Flower -LRB- 2017 -RRB- . Her other film roles include Beautiful Creatures -LRB- 2013 -RRB- and Dirty Grandpa -LRB- 2016 -RRB- . |
SUPPORTS | Richard Dawson was a game show host in the United States. | Richard_Dawson | Richard Dawson -LRB- born Colin Lionel Emm ; 20 November 1932 -- 2 June 2012 -RRB- was a British-American actor and comedian , and a game show host and panellist in the United States . Dawson was well known for playing Corporal Peter Newkirk on Hogan 's Heroes , being the original host of the Family Feud game show from 1976 -- 85 , and from 1994 -- 95 , and a regular panellist on the 1970s version of Match Game on CBS from 1973 -- 78 . In 1984 , he became an American citizen while retaining his British citizenship . |
SUPPORTS | Ed and Lorraine Warren were Roman Catholic. | Ed_and_Lorraine_Warren | Edward Warren Miney -LRB- September 7 , 1926 -- August 23 , 2006 -RRB- and Lorraine Rita Warren -LRB- née Moran , born January 31 , 1927 -RRB- were a married Roman Catholic couple who were highly controversial American paranormal investigators and authors associated with prominent cases of hauntings . Edward was a World War II United States Navy veteran and former police officer who became a self-taught and self-professed demonologist , author , and lecturer . Lorraine professes to be clairvoyant and a light trance medium who worked closely with her husband . In 1952 , the Warrens founded the New England Society for Psychic Research , the oldest ghost hunting group in New England . They authored numerous books about the paranormal and about their private investigations into various reports of paranormal activity . They claimed to have investigated over 10,000 cases during their career . The Warrens were among the very first investigators in the controversial Amityville haunting . According to the Warrens , the N.E.S.P.R. utilizes a variety of individuals , including medical doctors , researchers , police officers , nurses , college students , and members of the clergy in its investigations . Stories of ghost hauntings popularized by the Warrens have been adapted as , or have indirectly inspired , dozens of films , television series and documentaries , including 17 films in the Amityville Horror series alone . Other adaptations include the 2013 movie The Conjuring , its prequel/spinoff from 2014 , Annabelle , and its sequel , The Conjuring 2 , released in 2016 . Skeptics Perry DeAngelis and Steve Novella have investigated the Warren 's evidence and found it all to be `` blarney '' . Skeptical investigators Joe Nickell and Ben Radford concluded that the more famous hauntings , Amityville and the Snedeker 's , did not happen and had been `` invented '' . |
REFUTES | Scandinavia does not include the three kingdoms of Denmark, Norway, and Sweden. | Scandinavia | Scandinavia -LSB- ˌskændɪˈneɪviə -RSB- is a historical and cultural region in Northern Europe characterized by a common ethnocultural North Germanic heritage and mutually intelligible North Germanic languages . The term Scandinavia always includes the three kingdoms of Denmark , Norway , and Sweden . The remote Norwegian islands of Svalbard and Jan Mayen are usually not seen as a part of Scandinavia , nor is Greenland , an overseas territory of Denmark . However , the Faroe Islands , also a Danish overseas territory , are sometimes included , as sometimes are Iceland , Finland , and the Finnish autonomous region of the Åland Islands , because of their historical association with the Scandinavian countries and the Scandinavian peoples and languages . This looser definition almost equates to that of the Nordic countries . In Nordic languages , only Denmark , Norway and Sweden are commonly included in the definition of Scandinavia . In English usage , Scandinavia sometimes refers to the geographical area , also known as the Scandinavian Peninsula . The name Scandinavia originally referred vaguely to the formerly Danish , now Swedish , region Scania . The terms Scandinavia and Scandinavian entered usage in the late 18th century as terms for Denmark , Norway and Sweden , their Germanic majority peoples and associated language and culture , the term being introduced by the early linguistic and cultural Scandinavist movement . The majority of the population of Scandinavia are descended from several -LRB- North -RRB- Germanic tribes who originally inhabited the southern part of Scandinavia and spoke a Germanic language that evolved into Old Norse . Icelanders and the Faroese are to a significant extent descended from the Norse , and are therefore often seen as Scandinavian . Finland is mainly populated by Finns , with a minority of approximately 5 % of Swedish speakers . A small minority of Sami people live in the extreme north of Scandinavia . The Danish , Norwegian and Swedish languages form a dialect continuum and are known as the Scandinavian languages -- all of which are considered mutually intelligible with one another . Faroese and Icelandic , sometimes referred to as insular Scandinavian languages , are intelligible in continental Scandinavian languages only to a limited extent . Finnish and Meänkieli are closely related to each other and more distantly to the Sami languages , but are entirely unrelated to the Scandinavian languages . Apart from these , German , Yiddish and Romani are recognized minority languages in Scandinavia . The southern and by far most populous regions of Scandinavia have a temperate climate . Scandinavia extends north of the Arctic Circle , but has relatively mild weather for its latitude due to the Gulf Stream . Much of the Scandinavian mountains have an alpine tundra climate . There are many lakes and moraines , legacies of the last glacial period , which ended about ten millennia ago . |
NOT ENOUGH INFO | Backing vocalists sing with the lead vocalist in a band. | Backing_vocalist | Backing vocalists are singers who provide vocal harmony with the lead vocalist or other backing vocalists . In some cases , a backing singer may sing alone as a lead-in to the main vocalist 's entry or to sing a counter-melody . Backing vocalists are used in a broad range of popular music , traditional music and world music styles . Solo artists may employ professional backing vocalists in studio recording sessions as well as during concerts . In many rock and metal bands -LRB- e.g. , the power trio -RRB- , the musicians doing backup vocals also play instruments , such as guitar , electric bass , drums , or keyboards . In Latin or Afro-Cuban groups , backup singers may play percussion instruments or shakers while singing . In some pop and hip-hop groups and in musical theater , the backup singers may be required to perform elaborately choreographed dance routines while they sing through headset microphones . The style of singing used by backup singers varies according to the type of song and the genre of music the band plays . In pop and country songs , backup vocalists may perform vocal harmony parts to support the lead vocalist . In hardcore punk or rockabilly , other band members who play instruments may sing or shout backup vocals during the chorus -LRB- refrain -RRB- section of the songs . |
REFUTES | Telephone consists of only verse-refrain. | Telephone_-LRB-song-RRB- | `` Telephone '' is a song recorded by American singer Lady Gaga for her third EP , The Fame Monster -LRB- 2009 -RRB- . The song features American singer Beyoncé . The song was written by Gaga , Rodney Jerkins , LaShawn Daniels , Lazonate Franklin and Beyoncé . Inspired by her fear of suffocation , Gaga explained that the lyrics preferring relaxing on the dance floor to answering her lover 's phone call are a metaphor , the phone calling her representing the fear of not having worked hard enough to succeed . Originally , Gaga wrote the song for Britney Spears , who recorded a demo . Musically , `` Telephone '' consists of an expanded bridge , verse-rap and a sampled voice of an operator announcing that the phone line is unreachable . Beyoncé appears in the middle of the song , singing the verses in a rapid-fire way , accompanied by double beats . The song received positive reviews from critics who frequently noted `` Telephone '' as a stand-out track from The Fame Monster . It was Grammy-nominated for Best Pop Collaboration with Vocals in 2011 . `` Telephone '' charted in a number of countries due to digital sales following the album 's release , namely in the United States , Australia , Canada , the Netherlands , New Zealand , Sweden and Hungary . The song was particularly successful in Europe where it reached the top of the charts in Belgium , Denmark , Hungary , Ireland , Norway and the United Kingdom . According to the International Federation of the Phonographic Industry , the single sold 7.4 million digital copies worldwide in 2010 , making it one of Gaga 's best-selling singles . The accompanying music video is a continuation of the video for her 2009 song , `` Paparazzi '' , and is also shot as a short film . After Gaga gets bailed out of prison by Beyoncé , they go to a diner and poison the guests having breakfast . After the homicide they escape and end up in a high-speed police chase . The video referenced Quentin Tarantino and his films Pulp Fiction -LRB- 1994 -RRB- and Kill Bill : Volume 1 -LRB- 2003 -RRB- . The video received generally positive reviews was nominated for three awards at the 2010 MTV Video Music Awards , including one for Video of the Year . In January 2015 Billboard named it the best video of the first half of the decade . In memory of Alexander McQueen , Gaga performed an acoustic rendition of `` Telephone '' mixed with `` Dance in the Dark '' at the 2010 BRIT Awards . It was also added to the set list of The Monster Ball Tour in 2010 , the Born This Way Ball in 2012 and ArtRave : The Artpop Ball in 2014 . |
SUPPORTS | Great white sharks have never killed people. | Great_white_shark | The great white shark -LRB- Carcharodon carcharias -RRB- , also known as the great white , white pointer , white shark , or white death , is a species of large mackerel shark which can be found in the coastal surface waters of all the major oceans . The great white shark is notable for its size , with mature female individuals growing up to 6.1 m in length and 1950 kg in weight . However most are smaller , males measuring 11 to and females 15 to on average . According to a 2014 study the lifespan of great white sharks is estimated to be as long as 70 years or more , well above previous estimates , making it one of the longest lived cartilaginous fish currently known . According to the same study , male great white sharks take 26 years to reach sexual maturity , while the females take 33 years to be ready to produce offspring . Great white sharks can accelerate to over 56 km/h for short bursts . The great white shark has no known natural predators other than the killer whale . The great white shark is arguably the world 's largest known extant macropredatory fish , and is one of the primary predators of marine mammals . It is also known to prey upon a variety of other marine animals , including fish and seabirds . It is the only known surviving species of its genus Carcharodon , and is ranked first in having the most recorded shark bite incidents on humans . The IUCN list the great white shark as a vulnerable species , while it is included in Appendix II of CITES . The novel Jaws by Peter Benchley and the subsequent film by Steven Spielberg depicted the great white shark as a `` ferocious man eater '' . Humans are not the preferred prey of the great white shark , but , nevertheless , the great white is responsible for the largest number of reported and identified fatal unprovoked shark attacks on humans . |
NOT ENOUGH INFO | Akon has had more than ten songs certified as gold. | Akon | Aliaume Damala Badara Akon Thiam -LRB- born April 16 , 1973 -RRB- , better known as Akon -LRB- pronounced -LSB- ˈeɪkɒn -RSB- -RRB- , is an American singer , rapper , songwriter , businessman , record producer and actor of Senegalese descent . He rose to prominence in 2004 following the release of `` Locked Up '' , the first single from his debut album Trouble . He has since founded two successful record labels , Konvict Muzik and Kon Live Distribution . His second album , Konvicted received three nominations for the Grammy Awards in two categories , Best Contemporary R&B Album for Konvicted album and Best Rap/Sung Collaboration for `` Smack That '' and `` I Wan na Love You '' . He is the first solo artist to hold both the number one and two spots simultaneously on the Billboard Hot 100 charts twice . Akon has had four songs certified as 3 × platinum , three songs certified as 2 × platinum , more than ten songs certified as 1 × platinum and more than ten songs certified as gold in digital sales . Akon has sung songs in other languages including Tamil , Hindi , and Spanish . He was listed by the Guinness Book of World Records as the # 1 selling artist for master ringtones in the world . Akon often provides vocals as a featured artist and is currently credited with over 300 guest appearances and more than 35 Billboard Hot 100 songs . He has worked with numerous performers such as Michael Jackson , Eminem , Snoop Dogg , Whitney Houston , Bone Thugs-N-Harmony , and Gwen Stefani . He has had five Grammy Awards nominations and has produced songs for artists such as Lady Gaga , Colby O'Donis , Kardinal Offishall , Leona Lewis , and T-Pain . Forbes ranked Akon 80th -LRB- Power Rank -RRB- in Forbes Celebrity 100 in 2010 and 5th in 40 Most Powerful Celebrities in Africa list , in 2011 . Billboard ranked Akon No. 6 on the list of Top Digital Songs Artists of the decade . |
REFUTES | Uta Hagan is incapable of having a middle name. | Uta_Hagen | Uta Thyra Hagen -LRB- 12 June 1919 -- 14 January 2004 -RRB- was an American actress and theatre practitioner . She originated the role of Martha in the 1962 Broadway premiere of Who 's Afraid of Virginia Woolf ? by Edward Albee -LRB- who called her `` a profoundly truthful actress '' -RRB- . Because Hagen was on the Hollywood blacklist , in part because of her association with Paul Robeson , her film opportunities dwindled and she focused her career on New York theatre . She later became a highly influential acting teacher at New York 's Herbert Berghof Studio and authored best-selling acting texts , Respect for Acting , with Haskel Frankel , and A Challenge for the Actor . Her most substantial contributions to theatre pedagogy were a series of `` object exercises '' that built on the work of Konstantin Stanislavski and Yevgeny Vakhtangov . She was elected to the American Theatre Hall of Fame in 1981 . She twice won the Tony Award for Best Actress in a Play and received a Special Tony Award for Lifetime Achievement in 1999 . |
SUPPORTS | Lois Lane's name was taken from Lola Lane's name. | Lois_Lane | Lois Lane is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics , commonly in association with the superhero Superman . Created by writer Jerry Siegel and artist Joe Shuster , she first appeared in Action Comics # 1 -LRB- June 1938 -RRB- . Lois is a reporter for the Metropolis newspaper , the Daily Planet , an award-winning journalist and the primary love interest of Superman . Her physical appearance was originally based on Joanne Carter , a model hired by Jerry Siegel and Joe Shuster , and Siegel 's future wife . For her character , Siegel was inspired by actress Glenda Farrell , the movie star who portrayed Torchy Blane -- a gutsy , beautiful headline-hunting reporter , starring in a series of 1930s films . Siegel took her name from actress Lola Lane . She was also influenced by the real-life journalist Nellie Bly . Depictions of the character have varied spanning the comics and other media adaptations . The original Golden Age version of Lois Lane , as well as versions of her from the 1970s onwards , portrays Lois as a tough-as-nails journalist and intellectually equal to Superman . During the Silver Age of Comics , she was the star of Superman 's Girl Friend , Lois Lane , a comic book series that had a light and humorous tone . Beginning in 2015 , she stars as the protagonist in the young adult novel series , Lois Lane , by writer Gwenda Bond . Lois is among the best-known female comic book characters . She has appeared in various Superman media adaptations . Actress Noel Neill first portrayed Lois Lane in the 1940s Superman film series and late reprise her role in the 1950s television series Adventures of Superman . Margot Kidder played the character in four Superman films in the 1970s and '80s . Teri Hatcher portrayed her in the 1990s television series Lois & Clark : The New Adventures of Superman and Erica Durance in the ' 00s series , Smallville . In the 2006 film Superman Returns , she was played by Kate Bosworth . The character was most recently portrayed by actress Amy Adams in the films Man of Steel -LRB- 2013 -RRB- and Batman v Superman : Dawn of Justice -LRB- 2016 -RRB- . |
SUPPORTS | Port of Spain is a city. | Port_of_Spain | Port of Spain is the capital city of the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago and the country 's third-largest municipality , after Chaguanas and San Fernando . The city has a municipal population of 37,074 -LRB- 2011 census -RRB- , a metropolitan population of 128,026 -LRB- 1990 unofficial estimate -RRB- and a transient daily population of 250,000 . It is located on the Gulf of Paria , on the northwest coast of the island of Trinidad and is part of a larger conurbation stretching from Chaguaramas in the west to Arima in the east with an estimated population of 600,000 . The city serves primarily as a retail and administrative centre and it has been the capital of the island since 1757 . It is also an important financial services centre for the Caribbean and is home to two of the largest banks in the region . Port of Spain was also the de facto capital of the short-lived West Indies Federation , which united the Caribbean . Caricom was established in Chaguaramas , west of Port of Spain . The city is also home to the largest container port on the island and is one of several shipping hubs of the Caribbean , exporting both agricultural products and manufactured goods . Bauxite from Guyana is trans-shipped via facilities at Chaguaramas , about 5 mi west of the city . The pre-lenten Carnival is the city 's main annual cultural festival and tourist attraction . Today , Port of Spain is a leading city in the Caribbean region . Trinidad and Tobago hosted the Fifth Summit of the Americas in 2009 whose guests included US President Barack Obama and US Secretary of State Hillary Clinton . Port of Spain is also home to the biggest and most successful stock exchange in the Caribbean , the Trinidad and Tobago Stock Exchange -LRB- TTSE -RRB- . The iconic Nicholas Tower , as well as other skyscrapers , are well known throughout the region . These buildings dominate the city 's skyline . Some of the tallest skyscrapers in the Caribbean are located in Port of Spain . |
SUPPORTS | A United Kingdom is a film. | A_United_Kingdom | A United Kingdom is a 2016 British biographical romantic drama film directed by Amma Asante and written by Guy Hibbert , based on the true-life romance between Sir Seretse Khama and his wife Ruth Williams Khama . David Oyelowo and Rosamund Pike portray Seretse and Ruth , respectively . It was screened at the 2016 Toronto International Film Festival , and was the opening film at the 60th London Film Festival , the second year in a row that a British film featured . |
NOT ENOUGH INFO | Jonah Hill starred in rabbit. | Jonah_Hill | Jonah Hill Feldstein -LRB- born December 20 , 1983 -RRB- , better known as Jonah Hill , is an American actor , producer , screenwriter and comedian . Hill is known for his comedic roles in films such as Accepted -LRB- 2006 -RRB- , Grandma 's Boy -LRB- 2006 -RRB- , Superbad -LRB- 2007 -RRB- , Knocked Up -LRB- 2007 -RRB- , Forgetting Sarah Marshall -LRB- 2008 -RRB- , Get Him to the Greek -LRB- 2010 -RRB- , 21 Jump Street -LRB- 2012 -RRB- , This Is the End -LRB- 2013 -RRB- , 22 Jump Street -LRB- 2014 -RRB- and War Dogs -LRB- 2016 -RRB- , as well as his performances in Moneyball -LRB- 2011 -RRB- and The Wolf of Wall Street -LRB- 2013 -RRB- , for which he received Academy Award nominations for Best Supporting Actor . Hill ranked 28th on Forbes magazine 's ranking of world 's highest paid actors from June 2014 to June 2015 , bringing in $ 16million . As a screenwriter , he contributed to the stories of 21 Jump Street , 22 Jump Street and Sausage Party -LRB- 2016 -RRB- , all of which he also starred in . |
SUPPORTS | The Burj Khalifa is in Asia. | Burj_Khalifa | The Burj Khalifa -LRB- برج خليفة , Arabic for `` Khalifa Tower '' ; pronounced -LSB- langˈbɝdʒ_kə ` li : fə -RSB- -RRB- , known as the Burj Dubai before its inauguration , is a megatall skyscraper in Dubai , United Arab Emirates . With a total height of 829.8 m including the antenna and a roof height of 828 m , the Burj Khalifa is currently the tallest structure in the world since topping out in late 2008 . Construction of the Burj Khalifa began in 2004 , with the exterior completed 5 years later in 2009 . The primary structure is reinforced concrete . The building was opened in 2010 as part of a new development called Downtown Dubai . It is designed to be the centrepiece of large-scale , mixed-use development . The decision to construct the building is reportedly based on the government 's decision to diversify from an oil-based economy , and for Dubai to gain international recognition . The building was named in honour of the ruler of Abu Dhabi and president of the United Arab Emirates , Khalifa bin Zayed Al Nahyan ; Abu Dhabi and the UAE government lent Dubai money to pay its debts . The building broke numerous height records , including its designation as the tallest tower in the world . Burj Khalifa was designed by Adrian Smith , then of Skidmore , Owings & Merrill -LRB- SOM -RRB- , whose firm designed the Willis Tower and One World Trade Center . Hyder Consulting was chosen to be the supervising engineer with NORR Group Consultants International Limited chosen to supervise the architecture of the project . The design is derived from the Islamic architecture of the region , such as in the Great Mosque of Samarra . The Y-shaped tripartite floor geometry is designed to optimize residential and hotel space . A buttressed central core and wings are used to support the height of the building . Although this design was derived from Tower Palace III , the Burj Khalifa 's central core houses all vertical transportation with the exception of egress stairs within each of the wings . The structure also features a cladding system which is designed to withstand Dubai 's hot summer temperatures . It contains a total of 57 elevators and 8 escalators . Critical reception to Burj Khalifa has been generally positive , and the building has received many awards . However , the labour issues during construction were controversial , since the building was built primarily by migrant workers from South Asia with several allegations of mistreatment . Poor working conditions are common , as the result of the lack of minimum wage laws in the United Arab Emirates . Several instances of suicides have been reported , which is not uncommon for migrant construction workers in Dubai despite safety precautions in place . |
SUPPORTS | The Burj Khalifa is in Asia. | United_Arab_Emirates | The United Arab Emirates -LRB- -LSB- juːˌnaɪtᵻd_ˌærəb_ˈɛmɪrᵻts -RSB- دولة الإمارات العربية المتحدة -RRB- , sometimes simply called the Emirates or the UAE , is a federal absolute monarchy in Western Asia at the southeast end of the Arabian Peninsula on the Persian Gulf , bordering Oman to the east and Saudi Arabia to the south , as well as sharing maritime borders with Qatar to the west and Iran to the north . In 2013 , the UAE 's population was 9.2 million , of which 1.4 million are Emirati citizens and 7.8 million are expatriates . The country is a federation of seven emirates , and was established on 2 December 1971 . The constituent emirates are Abu Dhabi -LRB- which serves as the capital -RRB- , Ajman , Dubai , Fujairah , Ras al-Khaimah , Sharjah and Umm al-Quwain . Each emirate is governed by an absolute monarch ; together , they jointly form the Federal Supreme Council . One of the monarchs is selected as the President of the United Arab Emirates . Islam is the official religion of the UAE and Arabic is the official language -LRB- although English and Indian-language dialects are widely spoken , with English being the language of business and education particularly in Abu Dhabi and Dubai -RRB- . The UAE 's oil reserves are the seventh-largest in the world while its natural gas reserves are the world 's seventeenth-largest . Sheikh Zayed , ruler of Abu Dhabi and the first President of the UAE , oversaw the development of the Emirates and steered oil revenues into healthcare , education and infrastructure . The UAE 's economy is the most diversified in the Gulf Cooperation Council , while its most populous city of Dubai is an important global city and an international aviation hub . Nevertheless , the country remains principally reliant on its export of petroleum and natural gas . The UAE is criticised for its human rights record , including the specific interpretations of Sharia used in its legal system . The UAE 's rising international profile has led some analysts to identify it as a regional and middle power . |
REFUTES | Catherine Keener was only a television actress. | Catherine_Keener | Catherine Ann Keener -LRB- born March 23 , 1959 -RRB- is an American actress . She has been twice nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for her roles as Maxine Lund in Being John Malkovich -LRB- 1999 -RRB- and Harper Lee in Capote -LRB- 2005 -RRB- . Keener also appeared in the films Into the Wild -LRB- 2007 -RRB- , Synecdoche , New York -LRB- 2008 -RRB- , and Get Out -LRB- 2017 -RRB- , which were well received by critics . Keener is the muse of director Nicole Holofcener , having appeared in every work of hers to date . |
REFUTES | Catherine Keener was only a television actress. | Capote_-LRB-film-RRB- | Capote is a 2005 biographical film about Truman Capote , following the events during the writing of Capote 's non-fiction book In Cold Blood . Philip Seymour Hoffman won several awards , including the Academy Award for Best Actor , for his critically acclaimed portrayal of the title character . The film was based on Gerald Clarke 's biography Capote and was directed by Bennett Miller . It was filmed mostly in Manitoba in the autumn of 2004 . It was released September 30 , 2005 , to coincide with Truman Capote 's birthday . |
REFUTES | Argentina's federal capital is not Buenos Aires. | Argentina | Argentina -LRB- -LSB- ɑrdʒənˈtiːnə -RSB- -LSB- aɾxenˈtina -RSB- -RRB- , officially the Argentine Republic -LRB- República Argentina -RRB- , is a federal republic in the southern portion of South America . Sharing the bulk of the Southern Cone with its neighbor Chile to the west , the country is also bordered by Bolivia and Paraguay to the north , Brazil to the northeast , Uruguay and the South Atlantic Ocean to the east , and the Drake Passage to the south . With a mainland area of 2780400 km2 , Argentina is the eighth-largest country in the world , the second largest in Latin America , and the largest Spanish-speaking one . The country is subdivided into twenty-three provinces -LRB- provincias , singular provincia -RRB- and one autonomous city -LRB- ciudad autónoma -RRB- , Buenos Aires , which is the federal capital of the nation -LRB- -LSB- Capital Federal , links = no -RSB- -RRB- as decided by Congress . The provinces and the capital have their own constitutions , but exist under a federal system . Argentina claims sovereignty over part of Antarctica , the Falkland Islands -LRB- -LSB- Islas Malvinas , links = no -RSB- -RRB- , and South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands . The earliest recorded human presence in the area of modern-day Argentina dates back to the Paleolithic period . The country has its roots in Spanish colonization of the region during the 16th century . Argentina rose as the successor state of the Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata , a Spanish overseas viceroyalty founded in 1776 . The declaration and fight for independence -LRB- 1810 -- 1818 -RRB- was followed by an extended civil war that lasted until 1861 , culminating in the country 's reorganization as a federation of provinces with Buenos Aires as its capital city . The country thereafter enjoyed relative peace and stability , with massive waves of European immigration radically reshaping its cultural and demographic outlook . The almost-unparalleled increase in prosperity led to Argentina becoming the seventh wealthiest developed nation in the world by the early 20th century . After 1930 , Argentina descended into political instability and periodic economic crises that pushed it back into underdevelopment , though it nevertheless remained among the fifteen richest countries until the mid-20th century . Argentina retains its historic status as a middle power in international affairs , and is a prominent regional power in the Southern Cone and Latin America . Argentina has the second largest economy in South America , the third-largest in Latin America and is a member of the G-15 and G-20 major economies . It is also a founding member of the United Nations , World Bank , World Trade Organization , Mercosur , Union of South American Nations , Community of Latin American and Caribbean States and the Organization of Ibero-American States . It is the country with the second highest Human Development Index in Latin America with a rating of `` very high '' . Because of its stability , market size and growing high-tech sector , Argentina is classified as a high-income economy . |
SUPPORTS | University of Chicago Law School is ranked second by Brain Leiter on the 2015 list of "Top 15 Schools From Which the Most `Prestigious' Law Firms Hire New Lawyers." | University_of_Chicago_Law_School | The University of Chicago Law School is the graduate school of law at the University of Chicago . It was founded in 1902 by a coalition of donors led by John D. Rockefeller . U.S. News & World Report ranks Chicago fourth among U.S. law schools , and it is noted for its influence on the economic analysis of law . The University of Chicago Law School was ranked third in the country by the 2015 Above The Law Rankings , which ranks law schools based on employment outcomes such as quality of jobs , federal clerkships , and alumni satisfaction . Chicago is ranked second by Brian Leiter of the University of Chicago Law School on the `` Top 15 Schools From Which the Most ` Prestigious ' Law Firms Hire New Lawyers , '' and first for `` Faculty quality based on American Academy of Arts and Sciences Membership . '' It is ranked 12th in the 2016 QS World University Rankings . The Law School has the third highest gross and third highest per capita placement of alumni in U.S. Supreme Court clerkships with approximately 15-25 % of each graduating class going on to a state or federal clerkship . The ABA disclosures indicate that 75 % of Chicago graduates earned starting salaries of $ 160,000 or greater upon graduation . The law school was ranked # 3 of all law schools nationwide by the National Law Journal in terms of sending the highest percentage of 2015 graduates to the largest 100 law firms in the US -LRB- 52.04 % -RRB- . |
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