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REFUTES | Dan Brown wrote his first novel in 2006. | Dan_Brown | Daniel Gerhard `` Dan '' Brown -LRB- born June 22 , 1964 -RRB- is an American author of thriller fiction who wrote the 2003 bestselling novel The Da Vinci Code . Brown 's novels are treasure hunts set in a 24-hour period , and feature the recurring themes of cryptography , keys , symbols , codes , and conspiracy theories . His books have been translated into 52 languages , and as of 2012 , sold over 200 million copies . Three of them , Angels & Demons -LRB- 2000 -RRB- , The Da Vinci Code -LRB- 2003 -RRB- , and Inferno -LRB- 2013 -RRB- , have been adapted into films . Brown 's novels that feature the lead character Robert Langdon also include historical themes and Christianity as motifs , and as a result , have generated controversy . Brown states on his website that his books are not anti-Christian , though he is on a ` constant spiritual journey ' himself , and says that his book The Da Vinci Code is simply `` an entertaining story that promotes spiritual discussion and debate '' and suggests that the book may be used `` as a positive catalyst for introspection and exploration of our faith . '' |
REFUTES | Dan Brown wrote his first novel in 2006. | Angels_&_Demons | Angels & Demons is a 2000 bestselling mystery-thriller novel written by American author Dan Brown and published by Pocket Books and then by Corgi Books . The novel introduces the character Robert Langdon , who is also the protagonist of Brown 's subsequent novels - The Da Vinci Code , The Lost Symbol , Inferno , and Origin . Angels & Demons shares many stylistic literary elements with its sequel , such as conspiracies of secret societies , a single-day time frame , and the Catholic Church . Ancient history , architecture , and symbolism are also heavily referenced throughout the book . A film adaptation was released on May 15 , 2009 . The Da Vinci Code film had been released in 2006 . |
REFUTES | Dan Brown wrote his first novel in 2006. | The_Da_Vinci_Code | The Da Vinci Code is a 2003 mystery-detective novel by Dan Brown . It follows symbologist Robert Langdon and cryptologist Sophie Neveu after a murder in the Louvre Museum in Paris , when they become involved in a battle between the Priory of Sion and Opus Dei over the possibility of Jesus Christ having been a companion to Mary Magdalene . The title of the novel refers , among other things , to the finding of the first murder victim in the Grand Gallery of the Louvre , naked and posed similar to Leonardo da Vinci 's famous drawing , the Vitruvian Man , with a cryptic message written beside his body and a pentacle drawn on his chest in his own blood . The novel explores an alternative religious history , whose central plot point is that the Merovingian kings of France were descended from the bloodline of Jesus Christ and Mary Magdalene , ideas derived from Clive Prince 's The Templar Revelation -LRB- 1997 -RRB- and books by Margaret Starbird . The book also refers to The Holy Blood and the Holy Grail -LRB- 1982 -RRB- though Dan Brown has stated that it was not used as research material . The Da Vinci Code provoked a popular interest in speculation concerning the Holy Grail legend and Mary Magdalene 's role in the history of Christianity . The book has , however , been extensively denounced by many Christian denominations as an attack on the Roman Catholic Church , and consistently criticized for its historical and scientific inaccuracies . The novel nonetheless became a worldwide bestseller that sold 80 million copies and has been translated into 44 languages . Combining the detective , thriller and conspiracy fiction genres , it is Brown 's second novel to include the character Robert Langdon : the first was his 2000 novel Angels & Demons . In November 2004 , Random House published a Special Illustrated Edition with 160 illustrations . In 2006 , a film adaptation was released by Columbia Pictures . |
NOT ENOUGH INFO | Internet access started in the United States of America. | Internet_access | Internet access is ability of individuals and organizations to connect to the Internet using computer terminals , computers , mobile devices ; and to access services such as email and the World Wide Web . Various technologies , at a wide range of speeds have been used by Internet service providers -LRB- ISPs -RRB- to provide this service . Internet access was once rare , but has grown rapidly . In 1995 , only .04 percent of the world 's population had access , with well over half of those living in the United States , and consumer use was through dial-up . By the first decade of the 21st century , many consumers in developed nations used faster broadband technology , and by 2014 , 41 percent of the world 's population had access , broadband was almost ubiquitous worldwide , and global average connection speeds exceeded 4 Mbit/s . |
REFUTES | Samsung never entered the electronics industry. | Samsung | Samsung Group -LRB- ; -LSB- sʰamsʰʌŋ -RSB- -RRB- is a South Korean multinational conglomerate headquartered in Samsung Town , Seoul . It comprises numerous affiliated businesses , most of them united under the Samsung brand , and is the largest South Korean chaebol -LRB- business conglomerate -RRB- . Samsung was founded by Lee Byung-chul in 1938 as a trading company . Over the next three decades , the group diversified into areas including food processing , textiles , insurance , securities and retail . Samsung entered the electronics industry in the late 1960s and the construction and shipbuilding industries in the mid-1970s ; these areas would drive its subsequent growth . Following Lee 's death in 1987 , Samsung was separated into four business groups -- Samsung Group , Shinsegae Group , CJ Group and Hansol Group . Since 1990 , Samsung has increasingly globalised its activities and electronics ; in particular , its mobile phones and semiconductors have become its most important source of income . Notable Samsung industrial affiliates include Samsung Electronics -LRB- the world 's 2nd largest information technology company measured by 2015 revenues , and 5th in market value -RRB- , Samsung Heavy Industries -LRB- the world 's 2nd largest shipbuilder measured by 2010 revenues -RRB- , and Samsung Engineering and Samsung C&T -LRB- respectively the world 's 13th and 36th largest construction companies -RRB- . Other notable subsidiaries include Samsung Life Insurance -LRB- the world 's 14th largest life insurance company -RRB- , Samsung Everland -LRB- operator of Everland Resort , the oldest theme park in South Korea -RRB- and Cheil Worldwide -LRB- the world 's 15th largest advertising agency measured by 2012 revenues -RRB- . Samsung has a powerful influence on South Korea 's economic development , politics , media and culture and has been a major driving force behind the `` Miracle on the Han River '' . Its affiliate companies produce around a fifth of South Korea 's total exports . Samsung 's revenue was equal to 17 % of South Korea 's $ 1,082 billion GDP . |
NOT ENOUGH INFO | Catherine Hardwicke is an only child. | Cat_Sandion | Catherine `` Cat '' Sandion is British television presenter . She has been presenting since 2008 , starting a TV career as a member of the first UK version of hit Australian Children 's TV show Hi-5 which was broadcast on Cartoonito , and CITV . Sandion has been presenting CBeebies since January 2013 . |
REFUTES | Sky UK is a company which serves only eastern Europe. | Sky_UK | Sky UK Limited -LRB- formerly British Sky Broadcasting and BSkyB -RRB- is a telecommunications company which serves the United Kingdom . Sky provides television and broadband internet services , fixed line and mobile telephone services to consumers and businesses in the United Kingdom . It is the UK 's largest pay-TV broadcaster with 11 million customers as of 2015 . It was the UK 's most popular digital TV service until it was overtaken by Freeview in April 2007 . Its corporate headquarters are in Isleworth . Formed in November 1990 by the equal merger of Sky Television and British Satellite Broadcasting , Sky became the UK 's largest digital subscription television company . Following Sky 's 2014 acquisition of Sky Italia and a majority 90.04 % interest in Sky Deutschland in November 2014 , its holding company British Sky Broadcasting Group plc changed its name to Sky plc. . The UK subsidiary 's name was changed from British Sky Broadcasting Limited to Sky UK Limited , and continues to trade as Sky . Sky UK Limited is a wholly owned subsidiary of Sky plc , with its current company directors being Andrew Griffith and Christopher Taylor . Griffith acts as the Chief Financial Officer -LRB- CFO -RRB- and the Managing Director for the commercial businesses division . |
REFUTES | Chinatown stars John Travolta only. | Chinatown_-LRB-1974_film-RRB- | Chinatown is a 1974 American neo-noir mystery film , directed by Roman Polanski from a screenplay by Robert Towne , starring Jack Nicholson and Faye Dunaway . The film was inspired by the California Water Wars , a series of disputes over southern California water at the beginning of the 20th century , by which Los Angeles interests secured water rights in the Owens Valley . The Robert Evans production , a Paramount Pictures release , was the director 's last film in the United States and features many elements of film noir , particularly a multi-layered story that is part mystery and part psychological drama . In 1991 , the film was selected by the Library of Congress for preservation in the United States National Film Registry as being `` culturally , historically or aesthetically significant '' and it is frequently listed as one of the greatest films of all-time . At the 47th Academy Awards , it was nominated for eleven Oscars , with Towne winning Best Original Screenplay . The Golden Globe Awards honored it for Best Drama , Best Director , Best Actor and Best Screenplay . The American Film Institute placed it second among mystery films in 2008 . A sequel , The Two Jakes , was released in 1990 , again starring Nicholson , who also directed , with Robert Towne returning to write the screenplay . The film failed to generate the acclaim of its predecessor . |
REFUTES | Alvin and the Chipmunks was made without a director. | Alvin_and_the_Chipmunks_-LRB-film-RRB- | Alvin and the Chipmunks is a 2007 American live-action/computer animated musical family comedy film directed by Tim Hill . Based on the characters of the same name created by Ross Bagdasarian , Sr. , the film stars Jason Lee , David Cross , and Cameron Richardson with the voices of Justin Long , Matthew Gray Gubler and Jesse McCartney . It was released worldwide on December 14 , 2007 by 20th Century Fox and produced by Fox 2000 Pictures , Regency Enterprises and Bagdasarian Company . Alvin and the Chipmunks grossed $ 217 million in North America and $ 361 million at the box office worldwide on a budget of $ 60 million and was the seventh-best-selling DVD of 2008 , earning over $ 101 million . The first film in the film series , Alvin and the Chipmunks was followed by three sequels : Alvin and the Chipmunks : The Squeakquel , released on December 23 , 2009 , Alvin and the Chipmunks : Chipwrecked , released on December 16 , 2011 and Alvin and the Chipmunks : The Road Chip , released on December 18 , 2015 . |
NOT ENOUGH INFO | The Times has been printed since at least 1785. | 1823_in_literature | This article presents lists of the literary events and publications in 1823 . |
REFUTES | Faye Resnick is not American. | Faye_Resnick | Faye Denise Resnick -LRB- born July 3 , 1957 -RRB- is an American television personality , author , and interior designer . She is best known for her involvement in the O. J. Simpson murder trial and for her appearance on the reality television series The Real Housewives of Beverly Hills . |
REFUTES | Babur was the third Mughal emperor. | Babur | Babur -LRB- -LSB- بابر , lit = Tiger , translit = Bābur -RSB- 14 February 148326 December 1530 -RRB- , born Ẓahīr-ud-Dīn Muḥammad -LRB- -LSB- ظهیرالدین محمد , translit = Ẓahīr ad-Dīn Muḥammad -RSB- -RRB- , was a conqueror from Central Asia who , following a series of setbacks , finally succeeded in laying the basis for the Mughal dynasty in the Indian subcontinent and became the first Mughal emperor . He was a direct descendant of Turco-Mongol conqueror Timur -LRB- Tamurlane -RRB- from the Barlas clan , through his father , and also a descendant of Genghis Khan through his mother . He was also influenced by the Persian culture and this affected both his own actions and those of his successors , giving rise to a significant expansion of the Persianate ethos in the Indian subcontinent . Babur was the eldest son of Umar Sheikh Mirza . He ascended the throne of Fergana in 1495 at the age of twelve and faced rebellion from his own relatives . He conquered Samarkand two years later , only to lose the city of Fergana soon after . In his attempt to reconquer Fergana , he lost control of Samarkand . In 1501 , his attempt to recapture both cities went in vain as he was defeated by Muhammad Shaybani Khan . In 1504 , he conquered Kabul , which was under the rule of the infant heir of Ulugh Begh . Babur formed a partnership with Safavid ruler Ismail I and reconquered parts of central Asia , including Samarkand , only to again lose it and the other newly conquered lands to the Uzbeks . After losing Samarkand for the third time , Babur turned his attention to creating his empire in north India . At that time , the Indo-Gangetic Plain of the northern Indian Subcontinent was ruled by Ibrahim Lodi of the Afghan Lodi dynasty , whereas Rajputana was ruled by a Hindu Rajput Confederacy , led by Rana Sanga of Mewar . In 1524 , Daulat Khan Lodi , a rebel of the Lodhi dynasty , invited Babur to overthrow Ibrahim and become ruler . Babur defeated Ibrahim Lodi at the First Battle of Panipat in 1526 and founded the Mughal empire . However , he again faced opposition , this time from Rana Sanga of Mewar who considered Babur a foreigner . The Rana was defeated at the Battle of Khanwa . Babur married several times . Notable among his sons are Humayun , Kamran Mirza and Hindal Mirza . Babur died in 1530 and was succeeded by Humayun . According to Babur 's wishes , he was buried in Bagh-e-Babur in Kabul , Afghanistan . Being a patrilineal descendant of Timur , Babur considered himself a Timurid and Turk , though Uzbek sources claim him as an ethnic Uzbek . He is considered a national hero in Uzbekistan and Kyrgyzstan . Many of his poems also have become popular folk songs . He wrote his autobiography , Baburnama , in Chaghatai Turkic and this was translated into Persian during Akbar 's reign . |
REFUTES | Mamata Banerjee is a Australian politician. | Mamata_Banerjee | Mamata Banerjee -LRB- -LSB- mɔmɔt̪a bɔnd̪d̪oˈpad̪ʱˈae̯ -RSB- -LRB- Bengali - মমতা বন্দপাধ্যায় -RRB- also known as Didi was born 5 January 1955 -RRB- is an Indian politician who has been Chief Minister of West Bengal since 2011 . She is the first woman to hold the office . Banerjee founded the party All India Trinamool Congress -LRB- AITMC or TMC -RRB- in 1997 and became its chairperson , after separating from the Indian National Congress . She is often referred to as Didi -LRB- meaning elder sister in Hindi and Bengali -RRB- . Banerjee previously served as the Minister of Railways twice and is also the first woman Railway Minister of India , Minister of Coal , and Minister of State for Human Resource Development , Department of Youth Affairs and Sports and Women and Child Development in the cabinet of the Indian government . She rose to prominence after opposing the erstwhile land acquisition policies for industrialisation by the Communist government in West Bengal for Special Economic Zones at the cost of agriculturalists and farmers at Singur . In 2011 Banerjee pulled off a landslide victory for the TMC Congress alliance in West Bengal , defeating the 34-year-old Communist Party of India -LRB- Marxist -RRB- - led Left Front government , the world 's longest-serving democratically elected communist government in the process . In 2012 , Time magazine named her one of the `` 100 Most influential People in the World '' . In September 2012 Bloomberg Markets magazine listed her among the 50 most influential people in the world of finance . The TMC leader was voted in May 2013 as India 's most honest politician in an internal poll by members of India Against Corruption , India 's largest anti-corruption coalition . |
NOT ENOUGH INFO | Acetylcholine causes neuromodulation. | Neuromodulation | Neuromodulation is the physiological process by which a given neuron uses one or more chemicals to regulate diverse populations of neurons . This is in contrast to classical synaptic transmission , in which one presynaptic neuron directly influences a single postsynaptic partner . Neuromodulators secreted by a small group of neurons diffuse through large areas of the nervous system , affecting multiple neurons . Major neuromodulators in the central nervous system include dopamine , serotonin , acetylcholine , histamine , and norepinephrine . Neuromodulation can be conceptualized as a neurotransmitter that is not reabsorbed by the pre-synaptic neuron or broken down into a metabolite . Such neuromodulators end up spending a significant amount of time in the cerebrospinal fluid -LRB- CSF -RRB- , influencing -LRB- or `` modulating '' -RRB- the activity of several other neurons in the brain . For this reason , some neurotransmitters are also considered to be neuromodulators , such as serotonin and acetylcholine . Neuromodulation is often contrasted with classical fast synaptic transmission . In both cases the transmitter acts on local postsynaptic receptors , but in neuromodulation , the receptors are typically G-protein coupled receptors while in classical chemical neurotransmission , they are ligand-gated ion channels . Neurotransmission that involves metabotropic receptors -LRB- like G-protein linked receptors -RRB- often also involves voltage-gated ion channels , and is relatively slow . Conversely , neurotransmission that involves exclusively ligand-gated ion channels is much faster . A related distinction is also sometimes drawn between modulator and driver synaptic inputs to a neuron , but here the emphasis is on modulating ongoing neuronal spiking versus causing that spiking . |
NOT ENOUGH INFO | Absinthe is a liquor. | Absinthe | Absinthe -LRB- -LSB- ˈæbsɪnθ -RSB- or -LSB- ˈæbsænθ -RSB- French : -LSB- apsɛ̃t -RSB- -RRB- is historically described as a distilled , highly alcoholic -LRB- 45 -- 74 % ABV / 90 -- 148 U.S. proof -RRB- beverage . It is an anise-flavoured spirit derived from botanicals , including the flowers and leaves of Artemisia absinthium -LRB- `` grand wormwood '' -RRB- , together with green anise , sweet fennel , and other medicinal and culinary herbs . Absinthe traditionally has a natural green colour but may also be colourless . It is commonly referred to in historical literature as `` la fée verte '' -LRB- the green fairy -RRB- . Although it is sometimes mistakenly referred to as a liqueur , absinthe is not traditionally bottled with added sugar ; it is therefore classified as a spirit . Absinthe is traditionally bottled at a high level of alcohol by volume , but it is normally diluted with water prior to being consumed . Absinthe originated in the canton of Neuchâtel in Switzerland in the late 18th century . It rose to great popularity as an alcoholic drink in late 19th - and early 20th-century France , particularly among Parisian artists and writers . Owing in part to its association with bohemian culture , the consumption of absinthe was opposed by social conservatives and prohibitionists . Ernest Hemingway , James Joyce , Charles Baudelaire , Paul Verlaine , Arthur Rimbaud , Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec , Amedeo Modigliani , Pablo Picasso , Vincent van Gogh , Oscar Wilde , Marcel Proust , Aleister Crowley , Erik Satie , Edgar Allan Poe , Lord Byron and Alfred Jarry were all known absinthe drinkers . Absinthe has often been portrayed as a dangerously addictive psychoactive drug and hallucinogen . The chemical compound thujone , although present in the spirit in only trace amounts , was blamed for its alleged harmful effects . By 1915 , absinthe had been banned in the United States and in much of Europe , including France , the Netherlands , Belgium , Switzerland and Austria-Hungary . Although absinthe was vilified , it has not been demonstrated to be any more dangerous than ordinary spirits . Recent studies have shown that absinthe 's psychoactive properties -LRB- apart from that of the alcohol -RRB- have been exaggerated . A revival of absinthe began in the 1990s , following the adoption of modern European Union food and beverage laws that removed longstanding barriers to its production and sale . By the early 21st century , nearly 200 brands of absinthe were being produced in a dozen countries , most notably in France , Switzerland , Australia , Spain , and the Czech Republic . |
SUPPORTS | Honeymoon is Lana Del Rey's third major-label record. | Honeymoon_-LRB-Lana_Del_Rey_album-RRB- | Honeymoon is the fourth studio album and third major-label record by American singer and songwriter Lana Del Rey . It was released on September 18 , 2015 , by Polydor Records and Interscope Records , and was produced by Del Rey alongside longtime collaborators Rick Nowels and Kieron Menzies . The album is , stylistically , described as a departure from the rock-oriented music of Del Rey 's previous album Ultraviolence and a return to the baroque pop of Born to Die and Paradise . Lyrically , the album touches on themes of tortured romance , bitterness , lust , escapism , and violence . Upon release , Honeymoon received positive reviews from music critics , appearing on the 2015 best albums lists of many publications . Many critics consider the album Del Rey 's best album to date . The album debuted at number two on the US Billboard 200 , selling 116,000 units in first week , and peaking at number one in Australia , Greece and Ireland . The album was supported by the release of two singles : `` High by the Beach '' , and `` Music to Watch Boys To '' . |
REFUTES | Bob Ross had no role in the creation of The Joy of Painting. | Bob_Ross | Robert Norman Ross -LRB- October 29 , 1942 -- July 4 , 1995 -RRB- was an American painter , art instructor , and television host . He was the creator and host of The Joy of Painting , an instructional television program that aired from 1983 to 1994 on PBS in the United States , and also aired in Canada , Latin America , and Europe . With a soft voice and a permed afro , Ross went from being a television personality in the 1980s and 1990s to an Internet celebrity popular with fans on YouTube and many other websites . |
NOT ENOUGH INFO | Baloch people are a Japonic people. | Baloch_people | The Baloch or Baluch -LRB- Balochi : -RRB- are a people who live mainly in the Balochistan region of the southeastern-most edge of the Iranian plateau in Pakistan , Iran , and Afghanistan , as well as in the Arabian Peninsula . They mainly speak the Balochi language , a branch of Northwestern Iranian languages , and are an Iranic people . About 50 % of the total Baloch population live in Balochistan , a western province of Pakistan ; 40 % of Baloch are settled in Sindh ; and a significant number of Baloch people in Punjab of Pakistan . They make up nearly 3.6 % of the Pakistani population , about 2 % of Iran 's population -LRB- 1.5 million -RRB- and about 2 % of Afghanistan 's population . Baloch people co-inhabit desert and mountainous regions with Pashtuns , Baloch people practice Islam , are predominantly Sunni , and use Urdu as a lingua-franca to communicate with other ethnic groups , such as Pashtuns and Sindhis , similar to the rest of Pakistan . Prominent Baloch people in Pakistan include former Prime Minister Zafarullah Khan Jamali and former President Asif Ali Zardari who is an ethnic Baloch from Sindh . Iftikhar Muhammad Chaudhry born in Quetta , is the longest-serving Chief Justice of Pakistan is another prominent Baloch personality . The son of Benazir Bhutto , Bilawal Bhutto Zardari is the Chief of the Baloch Zardari tribe . Farooq Leghari was the first ever ethnic Baloch to be elected President , he was the tribal chief of the Leghari tribe . |
REFUTES | The creator of NXT Tag Team Championship is the Disney Channel. | NXT_Tag_Team_Championship | The NXT Tag Team Championship is a professional wrestling tag team championship created and promoted by the American professional wrestling promotion WWE on their developmental brand , NXT . Introduced on January 23 , 2013 , the inaugural champions were the British Ambition -LRB- Adrian Neville and Oliver Grey -RRB- . The current champions are The Authors of Pain -LRB- Akam and Rezar -RRB- , who are in their first reign , both as a team and individually . |
NOT ENOUGH INFO | General Motors had non-automotive products. | General_Motors | General Motors Company , commonly known as GM , is an American multinational corporation headquartered in Detroit , Michigan , that designs , manufactures , markets , and distributes vehicles and vehicle parts , and sells financial services . With global headquarters at the Renaissance Center in Detroit , Michigan , United States , GM manufactures cars and trucks in 35 countries . In 2008 , 8.35 million GM cars and trucks were sold globally under various brands . 10 million cars sold milestone was exceeded on 2016 . Current auto brands are Buick , Cadillac , Chevrolet , GMC , Holden , and Wuling . Former GM automotive brands include McLaughlin , Oakland , Oldsmobile , Pontiac , Hummer , Saab , Saturn , Vauxhall , and Opel . The company was founded by William C. Durant on September 16 , 1908 as a holding company . The company was the largest automobile manufacturer from 1931 through 2007 . In addition to brands selling assembled vehicles , GM has also had various automotive-component and non-automotive brands , many of which it divested in the 1980s through 2000s . These have included Euclid and Terex -LRB- earthmoving/construction/mining equipment & vehicles -RRB- ; Electro-Motive Diesel -LRB- locomotive , marine , and industrial diesel engines -RRB- ; Detroit Diesel -LRB- automotive and industrial diesel engines -RRB- ; Allison -LRB- Aircraft engines , transmissions , gas turbine engines -RRB- ; Frigidaire -LRB- Appliances including refrigeration and air conditioning -RRB- ; New Departure -LRB- bearings -RRB- ; Delco Electronics and ACDelco -LRB- electrical and electronic components -RRB- ; GMAC -LRB- finance -RRB- ; General Aviation and North American Aviation -LRB- airplanes -RRB- ; GM Defense -LRB- military vehicles -RRB- ; and Electronic Data Systems -LRB- information technology -RRB- . General Motors produces vehicles in 37 countries under twelve brands : Chevrolet , Buick , GMC , Cadillac , Holden , HSV , Opel , Vauxhall , Wuling , Baojun , Jie Fang , and Ravon . The current company , General Motors Company -LRB- `` new GM '' -RRB- , was formed in 2009 following the bankruptcy of General Motors Corporation -LRB- `` old GM '' -RRB- , which became Motors Liquidation Company . The new company purchased the majority of the assets of the old GM , including the brand `` General Motors '' . |
SUPPORTS | Chumlee is the stage name of Austin Lee Russell. | Chumlee | Austin Lee Russell -LRB- born September 8 , 1982 -RRB- , better known by his stage name of Chumlee , is an American actor , businessman and reality television personality , known as a cast member on the History Channel television show Pawn Stars , which depicts the daily business at the Gold and Silver Pawn Shop in Las Vegas where Russell works as an employee . Chumlee came to work at the pawn shop five years before filming of the first season , having been a childhood friend of Corey Harrison , whose father , Rick Harrison , and grandfather , Richard Benjamin Harrison , opened the shop in 1989 . On the show , he is often portrayed as the comic foil , but often appraises items in his area of expertise of pinball machines , sneakers and video games , and is considered the breakout character of the series . |
SUPPORTS | Petyr Baelish is nicknamed Littlefinger. | Petyr_Baelish | Petyr Baelish , nicknamed Littlefinger , is a fictional character created by American author George R. R. Martin . He is a prominent non-point of view character in Martin 's award-winning A Song of Ice and Fire series , and a main character in HBO 's adaptation of the series , Game of Thrones , where he is portrayed by Aidan Gillen . In A Storm of Swords , it is revealed that several major plot points have hinged on Baelish 's intrigues , including the framing of Tyrion Lannister for the attempt on Bran Stark 's life , the downfall of Lord Eddard Stark , the deaths of Lord Jon Arryn and King Joffrey Baratheon , and the War of the Five Kings . |
REFUTES | SZA's music does not combine elements from different genres. | SZA_-LRB-singer-RRB- | Solána Rowe -LRB- born November 8 , 1990 -RRB- , better known by her stage name SZA -LRB- -LSB- ˈsɪzə -RSB- -RRB- , is an American singer-songwriter . She was born in St. Louis , Missouri , later relocating to Maplewood , New Jersey . In October 2012 , Rowe self-released an extended play -LRB- EP -RRB- titled See.SZA.Run , which she then followed up with her second EP , titled S , in October 2013 . In July 2013 , it was revealed that she had signed to the hip hop record label Top Dawg Entertainment , through which she released Z , her third EP and first retail release , in April 2014 . SZA is a Neo Soul singer whose music is described as Alternative R&B , with elements of soul , hip hop , minimalist R&B , cloud rap , ethereal R&B , witch house and chillwave . Rowe 's lyrics are described as `` unravelling '' , that revolve around themes of sexuality , nostalgia , and abandonment . Rowe cites a variety of artists as influences including Billie Holiday , Red Hot Chili Peppers , Björk , Jamiroquai , and Wu-Tang Clan . SZA also takes influence from non-musical artists including gymnasts , ice skaters , painters , and filmmakers , including Spike Lee . |
REFUTES | SZA's music does not combine elements from different genres. | Hip_hop | Hip hop is a subculture and art movement developed by African-Americans and Latinos from the South Bronx in New York City during the late 1970s . While people unfamiliar with hip hop culture often use the expression `` hip hop '' to refer exclusively to hip hop music -LRB- also called `` rap '' -RRB- , hip hop is characterized by anywhere from four to nine distinct elements or expressive realms , of which hip hop music is only one element . DJ Afrika Bambaataa of the hip hop collective Zulu Nation outlined the pillars of hip hop culture , coining the terms : `` rapping '' -LRB- also called MCing or emceeing -RRB- , a rhythmic vocal rhyming style -LRB- orality -RRB- ; DJing -LRB- and turntablism -RRB- , which is making music with record players and DJ mixers -LRB- aural/sound and music creation -RRB- ; b-boying/b-girling/breakdancing -LRB- movement/dance -RRB- ; and graffiti art , which he called `` aerosol writin ' '' -LRB- visual art -RRB- . Other elements of the hip hop subculture and arts movement beyond the main four are : hip hop culture and historical knowledge of the movement -LRB- intellectual/philosophical -RRB- ; beatboxing , a percussive vocal style ; street entrepreneurship ; African-American language and slang ; and hip hop fashion and style , among others . The South Bronx hip hop scene emerged in the 1970s from neighbourhood block parties thrown by the Ghetto Brothers , a Puerto Rican group that has been described as being a gang , a club , and a music group . Members of the scene plugged in the amplifiers for their instruments and PA speakers into the lampposts on 163rd Street and Prospect Avenue and used their live music events to break down racial barriers between African-Americans , Puerto Ricans and other ethnic groups . Jamaican immigrant DJ Kool Herc also played a key role in developing hip hop music . At 1520 Sedgwick Avenue , Herc mixed samples of existing records and DJed percussion `` breaks '' , mixing this music with his own Jamaican-style `` toasting '' -LRB- a style of chanting and boastful talking over a microphone -RRB- to rev up the crowd and dancers . Kool Herc is credited as the `` father '' of hip hop for developing the key DJ techniques that , along with rapping , founded the hip hop music style by creating rhythmic beats by looping `` breaks '' -LRB- small portions of songs emphasizing a percussive pattern -RRB- on two turntables . This was later accompanied by `` rapping '' or `` MCing '' , a rhythmic style of chanting or speaking poetry/lyrics , and beatboxing , a percussive vocal technique used to create beats to go along with an MC or rappers ' rhymes . An original form of dancing called breakdancing , which later became accompanied by popping , locking and other dance moves , which was done to the accompaniment of hip hop songs played on boom boxes and particular styles of hip hop dress and hair also developed . Art historian Robert Farris Thompson describes the youth from the South Bronx in the early 1970s as `` English-speaking blacks from Barbados '' like Grandmaster Flash , `` black Jamaicans '' like DJ Kool Herc who introduced the rhythms from Salsa -LRB- music -RRB- , as well as Afro conga and bongo drums , as well as many who emulated the sounds of Tito Puente and Willie Colón . These youths mixed these influences with existing musical styles associated with African Americans prior to the 1970s , from jazz to funk . Hip hop music became popular outside of the African-American community in the late 1980s , with the mainstream commercial success of gangsta rap . Critic Greg Tate described the hip hop movement as `` the only avant-garde still around , still delivering -LSB- a -RSB- shock '' of newness to the wealthy bourgeoisie . Ronald Savage , known by the nickname Bee-Stinger , who was a former member of the Zulu Nation , carved the term `` Six elements of the Hip Hop Movement '' . The `` Six Elements of the Hip Hop Movement '' are : Consciousness Awareness , Civil Rights Awareness , Activism Awareness , Justice , Political Awareness , and Community Awareness in music . Ronald Savage is known as the Son of The Hip Hop Movement . Hip Is The Culture and Hop is The Movement Hip hop culture has spread to both urban and suburban communities throughout the United States and subsequently the world . These elements were adapted and developed considerably , particularly as the art forms spread to new continents and merged with local styles in the 1990s and subsequent decades . Even as the movement continues to expand globally and explore myriad styles and art forms , including hip hop theater and hip hop film , the four foundational elements provide coherence and a strong foundation for hip hop culture . Hip hop is simultaneously a new and old phenomenon ; the importance of sampling tracks , beats and basslines from old records to the art form means that much of the culture has revolved around the idea of updating classic recordings , attitudes , and experiences for modern audiences . Sampling older culture and re-using it in a new context or a new format is called `` flipping '' in hip hop culture . Hip hop music follows in the footsteps of earlier African-American-rooted musical genres such as blues , jazz , rag-time , funk , and disco to become one of the most practiced genres worldwide . In the 2000s , with the rise of new media platforms and Web 2.0 , fans discovered and downloaded or streamed hip hop music through social networking sites -LRB- SNS -RRB- beginning with Myspace , as well as from websites like YouTube , Worldstarhiphop , SoundCloud , and Spotify . |
REFUTES | SZA's music does not combine elements from different genres. | Neo_soul | Neo soul is a genre of popular music . The term was coined by music industry entrepreneur Kedar Massenburg during the late 1990s to market and describe a style of music that emerged from soul and contemporary R&B . Heavily based in soul music , neo soul is distinguished by a less conventional sound than its contemporary R&B counterpart , with incorporated elements ranging from jazz , funk , and hip hop to pop , fusion , and African music . It has been noted by music writers for its traditional R&B influences , conscious-driven lyrics , and strong female presence . Neo soul developed during the 1980s and early 1990s , in the United States and United Kingdom , as a soul revival movement . It earned mainstream success during the 1990s , with the commercial and critical breakthroughs of several artists , including D'Angelo , Erykah Badu , Lauryn Hill , and Maxwell . Their music was marketed as an alternative to the producer-driven , digitally approached R&B of the time . Since its initial mainstream popularity and impact on the sound of contemporary R&B , neo soul has been expanded and diversified musically through the works of both African-American and international artists . Its mainstream presence declined during the 2000s , although newer artists emerged through more independent means of marketing their music . According to music journalist Mark Anthony Neal , `` neo-soul and its various incarnations has helped to redefine the boundaries and contours of black pop . '' |
REFUTES | SZA's music does not combine elements from different genres. | Soul_music | Soul music -LRB- often referred to simply as soul -RRB- is a popular music genre that originated in the United States in the late 1950s and early 1960s . It combines elements of African-American gospel music , rhythm and blues and jazz . Soul music became popular for dancing and listening in the United States , where record labels such as Motown , Atlantic and Stax were influential during the Civil Rights Movement . Soul also became popular around the world , directly influencing rock music and the music of Africa . According to the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame , soul is `` music that arose out of the black experience in America through the transmutation of gospel and rhythm & blues into a form of funky , secular testifying '' . Catchy rhythms , stressed by handclaps and extemporaneous body moves , are an important feature of soul music . Other characteristics are a call and response between the lead vocalist and the chorus and an especially tense vocal sound . The style also occasionally uses improvisational additions , twirls and auxiliary sounds . Soul music reflected the African-American identity and it stressed the importance of an African-American culture . The new-found African-American consciousness led to new styles of music , which boasted pride in being black . Soul music dominated the U.S. R&B chart in the 1960s , and many recordings crossed over into the pop charts in the U.S. , Britain and elsewhere . By 1968 , the soul music genre had begun to splinter . Some soul artists developed funk music , while other singers and groups developed slicker , more sophisticated , and in some cases more politically conscious varieties . By the early 1970s , soul music had been influenced by psychedelic rock and other genres , leading to psychedelic soul . The United States saw the development of neo soul around 1994 . There are also several other subgenres and offshoots of soul music . The key subgenres of soul include the Detroit -LRB- Motown -RRB- style , a rhythmic music influenced by gospel ; deep soul and southern soul , driving , energetic soul styles combining R&B with southern gospel music sounds ; Memphis soul , a shimmering , sultry style ; New Orleans soul , which came out of the rhythm and blues style ; Chicago soul , a lighter gospel-influenced sound ; Philadelphia soul , a lush orchestral sound with doo-wop-inspired vocals ; Psychedelic soul , a blend of psychedelic rock and soul music ; as well as categories such as Blue-eyed soul , which is soul music performed by white artists ; British soul ; and Northern soul , rare soul music played by DJs at nightclubs in Northern England . |
REFUTES | SZA's music does not combine elements from different genres. | Chillwave | Chillwave -LRB- originally called `` glo-fi '' or `` hypnagogic pop '' ; also `` dream-beat '' -RRB- is a style of music characterized by a faded or dreamy retro pop sound , mellow vocals , a low-to-moderate tempo , escapist lyrics about the beach or summertime , psychedelic or lo-fi textures , effects processing -LRB- reverb especially -RRB- , vintage synthesizers , and other attempts to loosely emulate 1980s electronic pop aesthetics as well as engage with notions of memory and nostalgia . Sometimes regarded as a `` made-up '' genre , the movement 's vanguard was represented by Neon Indian , Washed Out , and Toro y Moi , who gained critical attention through what was termed the 2009 `` Summer of Chillwave '' . Coinciding with the economic turmoil of the late 2000s and early 2010s recession , chillwave was one of the first music genres to develop by being linked and defined through various outlets on the Internet rather than geographic location . The style draws from elements in dream pop and shoegaze , as well as the work of artists such as Panda Bear , Animal Collective , and lo-fi musician Ariel Pink . The term `` hypnagogic pop '' was coined at virtually the same time as `` chillwave '' to describe similar artists . Other elements related to drug-induced mind states and idyllic summer fantasies were drawn from the Beach Boys ' Brian Wilson . Washed Out 's 2009 track `` Feel It All Around '' remains the genre 's definitive and best-known song . The term `` chillwave '' , which originated from the satirical blog Hipster Runoff in 2009 , was ultimately criticized for being nebulous and contrived . Some artists rejected the tag , while hundreds of others exploited the style 's low-budget simplicity , one of the major reasons for its decline . Media coverage usually derided the genre 's name , its reliance on nostalgia , and the ubiquitous mention of `` the summer '' in its writings . After chillwave was the subject of much discourse on websites like Gorilla vs. Bear and Pitchfork , the movement dissipated , and the style effectively fell out of vogue . The Internet-based microgenre vaporwave would be inspired by chillwave . |
REFUTES | SZA's music does not combine elements from different genres. | Witch_house_-LRB-music_genre-RRB- | Witch house -LRB- also known as drag or haunted house -RRB- is an occult-themed dark electronic music genre and visual aesthetic that emerged in the early 2010s . The music is heavily influenced by chopped and screwed hip-hop soundscapes , industrial and noise experimentation , and features use of synthesizers , drum machines , obscure samples , droning repetition and heavily altered , ethereal , indiscernible vocals . The witch house visual aesthetic includes occult , witchcraft , shamanism , terror and horror-inspired artworks , collages and photographs as well as significant use of typographic elements such as Unicode symbols and hidden messages . Many works by witch house visual artists incorporate themes from horror films such as The Blair Witch Project , the television series Twin Peaks , and mainstream pop culture celebrities . Common typographic elements in artist and track names include triangles , crosses , and other Unicode symbols , which are seen by some as a method of keeping the scene underground and harder to search for on the Internet as well as references to the television series Twin Peaks and Charmed . |
REFUTES | SZA's music does not combine elements from different genres. | Rhythm_and_blues | Rhythm and blues , often abbreviated as R&B or RnB , is a genre of popular African-American music that originated in the 1940s . The term was originally used by record companies to describe recordings marketed predominantly to urban African Americans , at a time when `` urbane , rocking , jazz based music with a heavy , insistent beat '' was becoming more popular . In the commercial rhythm and blues music typical of the 1950s through the 1970s , the bands usually consisted of piano , one or two guitars , bass , drums , saxophone , and sometimes background vocalists . R&B lyrical themes often encapsulate the African-American experience of pain and the quest for freedom and joy . The lyrics in this genre of music focus heavily on the themes of triumphs and failures in terms of relationships , freedom , economics , aspirations , and sex . The term rhythm and blues has undergone a number of shifts in meaning . In the early 1950s it was frequently applied to blues records . Starting in the mid-1950s , after this style of music contributed to the development of rock and roll , the term `` R&B '' became used to refer to music styles that developed from and incorporated electric blues , as well as gospel and soul music . In the 1960s , several British rock bands such as the Rolling Stones , The Who and The Animals were referred to and promoted as being RnB bands ; posters for The Who 's residency at the Marquee Club in 1964 contained the slogan , `` Maximum R&B '' . This tangent of RnB is now known as `` British rhythm and blues '' . By the 1970s , the term rhythm and blues changed again and was used as a blanket term for soul and funk . In the 1980s , a newer style of R&B developed , becoming known as `` Contemporary R&B '' . It combines elements of rhythm and blues , soul , funk , pop , hip hop and dance . Popular R&B vocalists at the end of the 20th century included Michael Jackson , R. Kelly , Stevie Wonder , Whitney Houston , and Mariah Carey . |
SUPPORTS | An island is part of the ABC Islands. | ABC_islands_-LRB-Lesser_Antilles-RRB- | The ABC islands are the three western-most islands of the Leeward Antilles in the Caribbean Sea that lie north of Falcón State , Venezuela . From west to east they are , in order Aruba , Curaçao , and Bonaire . All three islands are part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands , although they remain outside the European Union . Aruba and Curaçao are autonomous , self-governing constituent countries of the Kingdom of the Netherlands , while Bonaire is a special municipality of the Netherlands proper . |
REFUTES | The Paper was released in 1995. | The_Paper_-LRB-film-RRB- | The Paper is a 1994 American comedy-drama film directed by Ron Howard and starring Michael Keaton , Glenn Close , Marisa Tomei , Randy Quaid and Robert Duvall . It received an Academy Award nomination for Best Original Song for `` Make Up Your Mind '' , which was written and performed by Randy Newman . The film depicts a hectic 24 hours in a newspaper editor 's professional and personal life . The main story of the day is the murder of a couple of visiting businessmen . The reporters discover evidence suggesting a police cover-up of evidence of the suspects ' innocence , and rush to scoop the story in the midst of professional , private and financial chaos . |
SUPPORTS | Mom (TV series) has been nominated at the Critics' Choice Television Awards. | Mom_-LRB-TV_series-RRB- | Mom is an American sitcom that premiered on September 23 , 2013 , on CBS . The series was created by Chuck Lorre , Eddie Gorodetsky , and Gemma Baker and distributed by Warner Bros. . Television . It stars Anna Faris and Allison Janney in lead roles as dysfunctional mother/daughter duo Christy and Bonnie Plunkett . Sadie Calvano , Blake Garrett Rosenthal , Matt L. Jones , Spencer Daniels , Nate Corddry , French Stewart , William Fichtner , Beth Hall , Jaime Pressly and Mimi Kennedy appear in supporting roles . The series has received positive reviews throughout its run . Both Janney and Faris have garnered acclaim for their respective performances and have received numerous accolades with Janney having won the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series back to back in 2014 and 2015 . The show has also garnered multiple nominations at the Critics ' Choice Television Awards and the People 's Choice Awards during its run . The show has also received high ratings , which rose from the first to second season with an average viewership of 11.79 million . CBS renewed the series for a third season , which premiered on November 5 , 2015 . On March 25 , 2016 , the series was renewed for a fourth season , which premiered on October 27 , 2016 . On March 23 , 2017 , CBS renewed the series for a fifth season . |
REFUTES | Resident Evil is an unadapted video game. | Resident_Evil_-LRB-film-RRB- | Resident Evil is a 2002 German-British science fiction action horror film written and directed by Paul W. S. Anderson and produced by Bernd Eichinger . The film stars Milla Jovovich and Michelle Rodriguez . It is the first installment in the Resident Evil film series , which is loosely based on the Capcom survival horror video game series Resident Evil . Alongside Jovovich and Rodriguez , it also stars Eric Mabius , James Purefoy , Martin Crewes , and Colin Salmon . It is produced by Bernd Eichinger and by Anderson himself . Borrowing elements from the video games Resident Evil and Resident Evil 2 , the film follows amnesiac heroine Alice and a band of Umbrella Corporation commandos as they attempt to contain the outbreak of the T-virus at a secret underground facility . The film received mixed reviews from critics but some highly praised Jovovich and the cast performances as well as the action sequences and the zombies design . It was a box office success , grossing more than $ 100 million worldwide . |
SUPPORTS | Samsung entered the shipbuilding industries in the mid-1970's. | Samsung | Samsung Group -LRB- ; -LSB- sʰamsʰʌŋ -RSB- -RRB- is a South Korean multinational conglomerate headquartered in Samsung Town , Seoul . It comprises numerous affiliated businesses , most of them united under the Samsung brand , and is the largest South Korean chaebol -LRB- business conglomerate -RRB- . Samsung was founded by Lee Byung-chul in 1938 as a trading company . Over the next three decades , the group diversified into areas including food processing , textiles , insurance , securities and retail . Samsung entered the electronics industry in the late 1960s and the construction and shipbuilding industries in the mid-1970s ; these areas would drive its subsequent growth . Following Lee 's death in 1987 , Samsung was separated into four business groups -- Samsung Group , Shinsegae Group , CJ Group and Hansol Group . Since 1990 , Samsung has increasingly globalised its activities and electronics ; in particular , its mobile phones and semiconductors have become its most important source of income . Notable Samsung industrial affiliates include Samsung Electronics -LRB- the world 's 2nd largest information technology company measured by 2015 revenues , and 5th in market value -RRB- , Samsung Heavy Industries -LRB- the world 's 2nd largest shipbuilder measured by 2010 revenues -RRB- , and Samsung Engineering and Samsung C&T -LRB- respectively the world 's 13th and 36th largest construction companies -RRB- . Other notable subsidiaries include Samsung Life Insurance -LRB- the world 's 14th largest life insurance company -RRB- , Samsung Everland -LRB- operator of Everland Resort , the oldest theme park in South Korea -RRB- and Cheil Worldwide -LRB- the world 's 15th largest advertising agency measured by 2012 revenues -RRB- . Samsung has a powerful influence on South Korea 's economic development , politics , media and culture and has been a major driving force behind the `` Miracle on the Han River '' . Its affiliate companies produce around a fifth of South Korea 's total exports . Samsung 's revenue was equal to 17 % of South Korea 's $ 1,082 billion GDP . |
REFUTES | The End of Time is the Tenth Doctor's first adventure. | Tenth_Doctor | The Tenth Doctor is an incarnation of the Doctor , the protagonist of the BBC science fiction television programme Doctor Who , who is played by David Tennant in three series as well as nine specials . As with previous incarnations of the Doctor , the character has also appeared in other Doctor Who spin-offs . In the programme 's narrative , the Doctor is a centuries-old Time Lord alien from the planet Gallifrey who travels in time in his TARDIS , frequently with companions . When the Doctor is critically injured beyond medical repair , he can regenerate his body ; in doing so , his physical appearance and personality change , and a new actor assumes the role . Tennant 's portrayal of the Doctor is of an outwardly charismatic and charming adventurer whose likable and easygoing attitude can quickly turn to righteous fury when provoked . This incarnation 's companions include working class shop assistant Rose Tyler -LRB- Billie Piper -RRB- , medical student Martha Jones -LRB- Freema Agyeman -RRB- , and fiery temp worker Donna Noble -LRB- Catherine Tate -RRB- . He eventually parts ways with them all by the end of the 2008 series finale , `` Journey 's End '' , after which he attempts to travel alone for the duration of the 2008 -- 2010 specials before being accompanied by Donna Noble 's grandfather Wilfred Mott on his final adventure in The End of Time . In November 2013 , Tennant 's Doctor was voted `` The UK 's favourite Doctor '' in a survey held by the Radio Times magazine . |
SUPPORTS | The Romani people have migrated. | Romani_people | The Romani -LRB- also spelled Romany ; -LSB- ˈroʊməni -RSB- , -LSB- ˈrɒ - -RSB- -RRB- , or Roma , are a traditionally nomadic ethnic group , living mostly in Europe and the Americas and originating from the northern regions of the Indian subcontinent , apparently from the region that is currently occupied by the Indian states of Rajasthan , Haryana , and Punjab . The Romani are widely known among English-speaking people by the exonym `` Gypsies '' -LRB- or `` Gipsies '' -RRB- , which some people consider pejorative due to its connotations of illegality and irregularity . They are a dispersed people , but their most concentrated populations are located in Europe , especially Central , Eastern and Southern Europe -LRB- including Turkey , Spain and Southern France -RRB- . The Romani originated in Northern India and arrived in Mid-West Asia , and Europe soon thereafter , around 1,000 years ago , either separating from the Dom people or , at least , having a similar history . Specifically , the ancestors of both the Romani and the Dom left North India sometime between the sixth and eleventh century . Since the 19th century , some Romani have also migrated to the Americas . There are an estimated one million Roma in the United States ; and 800,000 in Brazil , most of whose ancestors emigrated in the nineteenth century from eastern Europe . Brazil also includes some Romani descended from people deported by the government of Portugal during the Inquisition in the colonial era . In migrations since the late nineteenth century , Romani have also moved to other countries in South America and to Canada . In February 2016 , during the International Roma Conference , the Indian Minister of External Affairs stated that the people of the Roma community were children of India . The conference ended with a recommendation to the Government of India to recognize the Roma community spread across 30 countries as a part of the Indian diaspora . The Romani language is divided into several dialects , which add up to an estimated number of speakers larger than two million . The total number of Romani people is at least twice as large -LRB- several times as large according to high estimates -RRB- . Many Romani are native speakers of the language current in their country of residence , or of mixed languages combining the two ; those varieties are sometimes called Para-Romani . |
SUPPORTS | The Romani people have migrated. | Romani_diaspora | The Roma people have a number of distinct populations , the largest being the Roma and the Iberian Calé or Caló , who reached Anatolia and the Balkans about the early 12th century , from a migration out of northwestern India beginning about 600 years earlier . They settled in present-day Turkey , Greece , Serbia , Romania , Moldova , Bulgaria , Macedonia , Hungary and Slovakia , by order of volume , and Spain . From the Balkans , they migrated throughout Europe and , in the nineteenth and later centuries , to the Americas . The Romani population in the United States is estimated at more than one million . There is no official or reliable count of the Romani populations worldwide . Many Romani refuse to register their ethnic identity in official censuses for fear of discrimination . Others are descendants of intermarriage with local populations and no longer identify only as Romani , or not at all . As of the early 2000s , an estimated 4 to 9 million Romani people lived in Europe and Asia Minor . although some Romani organizations estimate numbers as high as 14 million . Significant Romani populations are found in the Balkan peninsula , in some Central European states , in Spain , France , Russia , and Ukraine . The total number of Romani living outside Europe are primarily in the Middle East and North Africa and in the Americas , and are estimated in total at more than two million . Some countries do not collect data by ethnicity . The Romani people identify as distinct ethnicities based in part on territorial , cultural and dialectal differences , and self-designation . The main branches are : Roma , concentrated in Central and Eastern Europe and Italy , they emigrated -LRB- mostly from the 19th century onwards -RRB- to the rest of Europe , as well as the Americas ; Iberian Kale , mostly in Spain -LRB- see Romani people in Spain -RRB- , but also in Portugal -LRB- see Romani people in Portugal -RRB- , Southern France and Latin America ; Finnish Kale , in Finland , emigrated also in Sweden ; Welsh Kale , in Wales and the British Isles ; Romanichal , in the United Kingdom , some emigrated also to the United States , Canada and Australia ; Sinti , in German-speaking areas of Europe and some neighboring countries ; Manush , in French-speaking areas of Europe -LRB- in French : Manouche -RRB- ; and Romanisæl , in Norway and Sweden . The Romani have additional internal distinctions , with groups identified as Bashaldé ; Churari ; Luri ; Ungaritza ; Lovari -LRB- Lovara -RRB- from Hungary ; Machvaya -LRB- Machavaya , Machwaya , or Macwaia -RRB- from Serbia ; Romungro from Hungary and neighbouring Carpathian countries ; Erlides -LRB- also Yerlii or Arli -RRB- ; Xoraxai -LRB- Horahane -RRB- from Greece/Turkey ; Boyash -LRB- Lingurari , Ludar , Ludari , Rudari , or Zlătari -RRB- from Romanian/Moldovan miners ; Ursari from Romanian/Moldovan bear-trainers ; Argintari from silversmiths ; Aurari from goldsmiths ; Florari from florists ; and Lăutari from singers . |
REFUTES | Battle of the Bastards is a battle that occurred in World War I. | Battle_of_the_Bastards | `` Battle of the Bastards '' is the ninth episode of the sixth season of HBO 's fantasy television series Game of Thrones , and its 59th episode overall . It was written by series co-creators David Benioff and D. B. Weiss , and directed by Miguel Sapochnik . In the North , the armies of the eponymous bastards , Jon Snow -LRB- Kit Harington -RRB- and Ramsay Bolton -LRB- Iwan Rheon -RRB- , face off in a battle for control of Winterfell . The Bolton army defeats most of Jon 's forces , largely composed of Wildlings . However , Sansa Stark -LRB- Sophie Turner -RRB- arrives with Petyr Baelish -LRB- Aidan Gillen -RRB- and the Knights of the Vale and they defeat the remaining Bolton army . Ramsay retreats to Winterfell , where Jon beats him into the mud , locks him in the kennels and Sansa feeds him to his own hounds . In Meereen , Daenerys Targaryen -LRB- Emilia Clarke -RRB- refuses to surrender to the Masters , mounts Drogon and begins burning the Masters ' fleet ; this forces them to surrender . Yara -LRB- Gemma Whelan -RRB- and Theon Greyjoy -LRB- Alfie Allen -RRB- arrive in Meereen and offer their ships to Daenerys , swearing to help her take the Seven Kingdoms . `` Battle of the Bastards '' was praised as one of the series ' best episodes , with several reviewers hailing it as a `` masterpiece '' . Critics described the battle in the North as `` terrifying , gripping and exhilarating '' and Daenerys 's reunion with her dragons at the beginning of the episode as `` thrilling '' . Its eponymous battle took 25 days to film and required 500 extras , 600 crew members and 70 horses . In the United States , the episode had a viewership of 7.66 million in its initial broadcast . It earned Game of Thrones several Primetime Emmy Awards -LRB- including Outstanding Directing and Outstanding Writing -RRB- , and was Harington 's choice to support his nomination for the Outstanding Supporting Actor ; Sapochnik also won the Directors Guild of America Award for Outstanding Directing in a Drama Series for the episode . |
SUPPORTS | The Tracey Fragments had a premiere in September. | The_Tracey_Fragments_-LRB-film-RRB- | The Tracey Fragments is a 2007 drama film directed by Canadian Bruce McDonald and written by Maureen Medved , based on her novel of the same name . It stars Ellen Page in the title role , is produced by Sarah Timmins and executive produced by Paul Barkin . The film was selected to open the Panorama section of the 57th Berlin International Film Festival and had its world premiere February 8 , 2007 . It is being distributed in Canada by Odeon Films , with world sales being handled by Bavaria Films International . The film had its North American premiere at the 2007 Toronto International Film Festival on September 12 . Canadian theatrical release followed in October 2007 . The film was acquired for the United States by THINKFilm , and was released May 9 , 2008 . After a screening at the Possible Worlds 2007 Canadian Film Festival the film was acquired for DVD release in Australia and New Zealand by Siren Visual . The film was a low budget production , being made on only CAD$ 750,000 . |
REFUTES | Sledgehammer was first performed live in 2011. | Sledgehammer_-LRB-Fifth_Harmony_song-RRB- | `` Sledgehammer '' is a song recorded by American girl group Fifth Harmony . It was written by Jonas Jeberg , Meghan Trainor and Sean Douglas , and was produced by both Jeberg and Harvey Mason , Jr. . It was released on October 28 , 2014 as the second single from their debut studio album Reflection -LRB- 2015 -RRB- . Musically , `` Sledgehammer '' is a synthpop and electronic dance song with new wave influences , lyrically , its about strong feelings for someone that are hard to ignore . Commercially , the song peaked at number 40 on the US Billboard Hot 100 , making it their first top 40 entry . It also appeared on the US Mainstream Top 40 and Adult Pop Songs charts at numbers 21 and 36 respectively . It was certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America on June 26 , 2015 . In Canada , it reached a peak of number 63 on the Canadian Hot 100 . An accompanying music video for the song , choreographed and directed by Fatima Robinson , was released on the band 's Vevo page . They first performed the song live at the 2014 MTV Europe Music Awards pre-show and would make later appearances on Good Morning America , Access Hollywood Live , The Talk , the Today Show and The Ellen DeGeneres Show . |
SUPPORTS | Brie Larson was in a starring role in the movie Short Term 12. | Brie_Larson | Brianne Sidonie Desaulniers -LRB- born October 1 , 1989 -RRB- , known professionally as Brie Larson , is an American actress , director , and singer . Born in Sacramento , California , Larson was home-schooled before she studied acting at the American Conservatory Theater . She began her acting career in television , appearing as a regular on the 2001 sitcom Raising Dad , for which she was nominated for a Young Artist Award . As a teenager , Larson had brief roles in the 2004 films 13 Going on 30 and Sleepover . Her performance in the comedy film Hoot -LRB- 2006 -RRB- was praised , and she subsequently played supporting roles in the films Greenberg -LRB- 2010 -RRB- , Scott Pilgrim vs. the World -LRB- 2010 -RRB- , 21 Jump Street -LRB- 2012 -RRB- , and Don Jon -LRB- 2013 -RRB- . From 2009 to 2011 , Larson featured as a rebellious teenager in the television series United States of Tara . Larson 's breakthrough role came with the independent drama Short Term 12 -LRB- 2013 -RRB- , for which she received critical acclaim . Further success came in 2015 when she starred in Room , an acclaimed drama based on Emma Donoghue 's novel of the same name . She won several awards for her portrayal of a troubled mother kidnap victim in the film , including the Academy Award , BAFTA Award , Critic 's Choice Award , Golden Globe Award , Screen Actors Guild Award and Canadian Screen Award for Best Actress . In 2017 , she starred as a war photographer in the adventure film Kong : Skull Island , her highest-grossing release . In 2016 , Larson was cast as Carol Danvers / Captain Marvel in the Marvel Cinematic Universe . |
NOT ENOUGH INFO | South Island is separated from North Island by imaginary boundaries. | South_Island | The South Island or Te Waipounamu -LRB- Māori -RRB- is the larger of the two major islands of New Zealand , the other being the smaller but more populous North Island . It is bordered to the north by Cook Strait , to the west by the Tasman Sea , and to the south and east by the Pacific Ocean . The South Island covers 150437 km2 and has a temperate climate . It has a 32 percent larger landmass than the North Island so is sometimes referred to as the `` mainland '' of New Zealand , especially by South Island residents , but only 23 percent of New Zealand 's million inhabitants live there . In the early stages of European -LRB- Pākehā -RRB- settlement of the country , the South Island had the majority of the European population and wealth due to the 1860s gold rushes . The North Island population overtook the South in the early 20th century , with 56 percent of the population living in the North in 1911 , and the drift north of people and businesses continued throughout the century . In prose , the two main islands of New Zealand are called the North Island and the South Island , with the definite article . |
NOT ENOUGH INFO | John Goodman starred in an awards show. | Golden_Globe_Award_for_Best_Supporting_Actor | Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor may refer to : Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor -- Motion Picture or Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor -- Series , Miniseries , or Television Film |
SUPPORTS | Jenny McCarthy appeared as a model in Playboy magazine. | Jenny_McCarthy | Jennifer Ann McCarthy -LRB- born November 1 , 1972 -RRB- , credited as Jenny McCarthy and Jenny Wahlberg , is an American actress , model , television host , author , screenwriter , and anti-vaccine activist . She began her career in 1993 as a nude model for Playboy magazine and was later named their Playmate of the Year . McCarthy then parlayed her Playboy fame into a television and film acting career starting as a co-host on the MTV game show Singled Out , then some eponymous sitcoms , as well as films such as BASEketball , Diamonds , Scream 3 , and Santa Baby . She is a former co-host of the ABC talk show The View . McCarthy has written books about parenting and has become an activist promoting research into environmental causes and alternative medical treatments for autism . She has promoted the idea that vaccines cause autism and that chelation therapy helped cure her son of autism . Both claims are unsupported by medical consensus , and her son 's autism diagnosis has been questioned . McCarthy has been described as `` the nation 's most prominent purveyor of anti-vaxxer ideology '' , but she has denied the charge , stating : `` I am not anti-vaccine '' . |
NOT ENOUGH INFO | The Vandals established kingdoms in Madrid and Morocco. | Vandals | The Vandals were an East Germanic tribe , or group of tribes , who were first heard of in southern Poland , but later moved around Europe establishing kingdoms in Spain and later North Africa in the 5th century . The Vandals are believed to have migrated from southern Scandinavia to the area between the lower Oder and Vistula rivers during the 2nd century BC and to have settled in Silesia from around 120 BC . They are associated with the Przeworsk culture and were possibly the same people as the Lugii . Expanding into Dacia during the Marcomannic Wars and to Pannonia during the Crisis of the Third Century , the Vandals were confined to Pannonia by the Goths around 330 AD , where they received permission to settle by Constantine the Great . Around 400 , raids by the Huns forced many of the Germanic tribes like the Goths to migrate to the Roman Empire , and fearing that they might be targeted next , the Vandals were pushed westwards crossing the Rhine into Gaul along with other tribes in 406 . In 409 , the Vandals crossed the Pyrenees into the Iberian Peninsula , where their main groups , the Hasdingi and the Silingi , settled in Gallaecia -LRB- northwest -RRB- and Baetica -LRB- south central -RRB- respectively . After the Visigoths invaded Iberia , the Iranian Alans and Silingi Vandals voluntarily subjected to the rule of Hasdingian leader Gunderic , who was pushed from Gallaecia to Baetica by a Roman-Suebi coalition in 419 . In 429 , under king Genseric , the Vandals entered North Africa . By 439 they established a kingdom which included the Roman province of Africa as well as Sicily , Corsica , Sardinia , Malta and the Balearic Islands . They fended off several Roman attempts to recapture the African province , and sacked the city of Rome in 455 . Their kingdom collapsed in the Vandalic War of 533 -- 4 , in which Justinian I managed to reconquer the province for the Eastern Roman Empire . Renaissance and Early Modern writers characterized the Vandals as barbarians , `` sacking and looting '' Rome . This led to the use of the term `` vandalism '' to describe any senseless destruction , particularly the `` barbarian '' defacing of artwork . However , modern historians tend to regard the Vandals during the transitional period from Late Antiquity to the Early Middle Ages as perpetuators , not destroyers , of Roman culture . |
REFUTES | Georges Gilles de la Tourette failed to describe symptoms of Tourette's syndrome. | Georges_Gilles_de_la_Tourette | Georges Albert Édouard Brutus Gilles de la Tourette -LRB- 30 October 1857 -- 26 May 1904 -RRB- was a French physician and the namesake of Tourette 's syndrome , a neurological condition characterized by physical and verbal tics . He was born in the small town of Saint-Gervais-les-Trois-Clochers in the district of Châtellerault , near the city of Loudun . He could be retrospectively classified as a neurologist , but the field did not exist in his time . During 1873 Tourette began medical studies at Poitiers . He later relocated to Paris where he became a student , amanuensis , and house physician of his mentor , the influential contemporary neurologist Jean-Martin Charcot , director of the Salpêtrière Hospital . Charcot also helped him to advance in his academic career . Tourette studied and lectured in psychotherapy , hysteria and medical and legal ramifications of mesmerism -LRB- modern-day hypnosis -RRB- . Tourette described the symptoms of Tourette 's syndrome in nine patients in 1884 , using the name `` maladie des tics '' . Charcot renamed the syndrome `` Gilles de la Tourette 's illness '' in his honor . In 1893 , a former female patient shot Tourette in the head , claiming he had hypnotized her against her will . Both Tourette and many modern hypnologists state that this is impossible . His mentor , Charcot , had died recently , and his young son had also died recently . After these events , Tourette began to experience mood swings between depression and hypomania . Nevertheless , he organized public lectures in which he spoke about literacy , mesmerism and theatre . Tourette published an article on hysteria in the German Army , which angered Bismarck , and a further article about unhygienic conditions in the floating hospitals on the river Thames . With Gabriel Legué he analyzed abbess Jeanne des Anges ' account of her hysteria that was allegedly based on her unrequited love for a priest Urbain Grandier , who was later burned for witchcraft . Around 1902 , Tourette 's condition worsened and he was dismissed from his post . Gilles de la Tourette died on 26 May 1904 in a psychiatric hospital in Lausanne , Switzerland . |
REFUTES | Charlotte, North Carolina is home to the west coast operations of Wells Fargo. | Charlotte,_North_Carolina | Charlotte -LSB- ˈʃɑrlət -RSB- is the largest city in the state of North Carolina . It is the county seat of Mecklenburg County and the second-largest city in the southeastern United States , just behind Jacksonville , Florida . Charlotte is the third-fastest growing major city in the United States . In 2014 the estimated population of Charlotte according to the U.S. Census Bureau was 809,958 , making it the 17th-largest city in the United States based on population . The Charlotte metropolitan area ranks 22nd-largest in the U.S. , and had a 2014 population of 2,380,314 . The Charlotte metropolitan area is part of a sixteen-county market region or combined statistical area with a 2014 U.S. Census population estimate of 2,537,990 . Residents of Charlotte are referred to as `` Charlotteans '' . It is listed as a `` gamma-plus '' global city by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network . Charlotte is home to the corporate headquarters of Bank of America and the east coast operations of Wells Fargo , which along with other financial institutions made it the second-largest banking center in the United States from 1995 to 2017 and the third-largest from 2017 to present . Among Charlotte 's many notable attractions , some of the most popular include the Carolina Panthers of the National Football League -LRB- NFL -RRB- , the Charlotte Hornets of the National Basketball Association -LRB- NBA -RRB- , the Charlotte Independence of the United Soccer League -LRB- USL -RRB- , two NASCAR Sprint Cup races and the NASCAR All-Star Race , the Wells Fargo Championship , the NASCAR Hall of Fame , the Charlotte Ballet , Carowinds amusement park , and the U.S. National Whitewater Center . Charlotte Douglas International Airport is a major international hub , and was ranked the 23rd-busiest airport in the world by passenger traffic in 2013 . Charlotte has a humid subtropical climate . The city is located several miles east of the Catawba River and southeast of Lake Norman , the largest man-made lake in North Carolina . Lake Wylie and Mountain Island Lake are two smaller man-made lakes located near the city . |
REFUTES | The Fly is mystery comedy drama novel. | The_Fly_-LRB-1986_film-RRB- | The Fly is a 1986 American science fiction horror film directed and co-written by David Cronenberg . Produced by Brooksfilms and distributed by 20th Century Fox , the film stars Jeff Goldblum , Geena Davis and John Getz . Loosely based on George Langelaan 's 1957 short story of the same name , the film tells of an eccentric scientist who , after one of his experiments goes wrong , slowly turns into a fly-hybrid creature . The score was composed by Howard Shore and the make-up effects were created by Chris Walas , along with makeup artist Stephan Dupuis . The film was released on August 15 , 1986 to massive acclaim by critics and audiences , with praise mainly regarding the special effects and Goldblum 's performance . It grossed $ 60.6 million at the box office against its nine-million-dollar budget , becoming the largest commercial success of Cronenberg 's career . Walas and Dupuis ' work on the film resulted in their winning an Academy Award for Best Makeup , the only film directed by Cronenberg to win an Oscar . A sequel , directed by Walas himself , was released in 1989 . |
SUPPORTS | The Big Country was based on a serialized magazine novel. | The_Big_Country | The Big Country is a 1958 American epic Western film directed by William Wyler and starring Gregory Peck , Jean Simmons , Carroll Baker , Charlton Heston and Burl Ives . The supporting cast features Charles Bickford and Chuck Connors . The picture was based on the serialized magazine novel Ambush at Blanco Canyon by Donald Hamilton . and was co-produced by Wyler and Peck . The opening title sequence was created by Saul Bass . The film is one of very few pictures in which Heston plays a major supporting role instead of the lead . Ives won the Academy Award as Best Supporting Actor for his performance as well as the Golden Globe Award . The film was also nominated for an Academy Award for the musical score by Jerome Moross . |
NOT ENOUGH INFO | Chris Mullin played with a professional basketball team in the 1990s. | Chris_Mullin_-LRB-basketball-RRB- | Christopher Paul Mullin -LRB- born July 30 , 1963 -RRB- is an American retired professional basketball player and current head coach of the St. John 's Red Storm . He previously served as special advisor for the Sacramento Kings and general manager of the Golden State Warriors . He is a two-time Olympic Gold medalist and a two-time Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame inductee -LRB- in 2010 as a member of the 1992 United States men 's Olympic basketball team -LRB- `` The Dream Team '' -RRB- , and in 2011 for his individual career -RRB- . Mullin played shooting guard and small forward in the NBA from 1985 to 2001 . During his playing time at St. John 's University , he was named Big East Player of the Year three times and was a member of the 1984 U.S. Men 's Olympic Basketball team , Mullin was chosen as the seventh pick by the Golden State Warriors in the first round of the 1985 NBA draft . He returned to the Olympics in 1992 as a member of the `` Dream Team '' , which was the first American Olympic basketball team to include professional players . He played with the Warriors from the 1985 -- 86 until the 1996 -- 97 season . Thereafter , Mullin played with the Indiana Pacers from 1997 until the 1999 -- 2000 season . He retired after the 2000 -- 01 season , playing for his original team , the Warriors . On March 30 , 2015 , he was named 20th head coach of the St. John 's University men 's basketball team , his alma mater . |
SUPPORTS | Firefox is a desktop browser. | Firefox | Mozilla Firefox -LRB- or simply Firefox -RRB- is a free and open-source web browser developed by the Mozilla Foundation and its subsidiary the Mozilla Corporation . Firefox is available for Windows , macOS and Linux operating systems , with its Firefox for Android available for Android -LRB- formerly Firefox for mobile , it also ran on the discontinued Firefox OS -RRB- ; where all of these versions use the Gecko layout engine to render web pages , which implements current and anticipated web standards . An additional version , Firefox for iOS , was released in late 2015 , but this version does not use Gecko due to Apple 's restrictions limiting third-party web browsers to the WebKit-based layout engine built into iOS . Firefox was created in 2002 under the name `` Phoenix '' by Mozilla community members who desired a standalone browser , rather than the Mozilla Application Suite bundle . Even during its beta phase , Firefox proved to be popular with its testers and was praised for its speed , security , and add-ons compared to Microsoft 's then-dominant Internet Explorer 6 . Firefox was released in November 2004 , and was highly successful with 60 million downloads within nine months , which was the first time that Internet Explorer 's dominance was challenged . Firefox is considered the spiritual successor of Netscape Navigator , as the Mozilla community was created by Netscape in 1998 before their acquisition by AOL . Firefox usage grew to a peak of 32 % at the end of 2009 , temporarily making version 3.5 the world 's most popular browser . Usage then declined in competition with Google Chrome . , Firefox has between 9 % and 16 % of worldwide usage as a `` desktop '' browser , making it the second most popular web browser . Firefox is still the most popular desktop browser in Cuba -LRB- even most popular overall -RRB- , Eritrea , and Germany , with 85.93 % , 79.39 % , and 37.01 % of the market share , respectively . It is also the most popular desktop browser in many other African countries . According to Mozilla , there were half a billion Firefox users around the world . |
SUPPORTS | University of Chicago Law School is ranked in the 2016 QS World University Rankings. | University_of_Chicago_Law_School | The University of Chicago Law School is the graduate school of law at the University of Chicago . It was founded in 1902 by a coalition of donors led by John D. Rockefeller . U.S. News & World Report ranks Chicago fourth among U.S. law schools , and it is noted for its influence on the economic analysis of law . The University of Chicago Law School was ranked third in the country by the 2015 Above The Law Rankings , which ranks law schools based on employment outcomes such as quality of jobs , federal clerkships , and alumni satisfaction . Chicago is ranked second by Brian Leiter of the University of Chicago Law School on the `` Top 15 Schools From Which the Most ` Prestigious ' Law Firms Hire New Lawyers , '' and first for `` Faculty quality based on American Academy of Arts and Sciences Membership . '' It is ranked 12th in the 2016 QS World University Rankings . The Law School has the third highest gross and third highest per capita placement of alumni in U.S. Supreme Court clerkships with approximately 15-25 % of each graduating class going on to a state or federal clerkship . The ABA disclosures indicate that 75 % of Chicago graduates earned starting salaries of $ 160,000 or greater upon graduation . The law school was ranked # 3 of all law schools nationwide by the National Law Journal in terms of sending the highest percentage of 2015 graduates to the largest 100 law firms in the US -LRB- 52.04 % -RRB- . |
SUPPORTS | Sands Hotel and Casino opened in Las Vegas in 1952. | Sands_Hotel_and_Casino | The Sands Hotel and Casino was a historic hotel and casino on the Las Vegas Strip in Nevada , United States , that operated from 1952 to 1996 . Designed by the architect Wayne McAllister , with a prominent 56 ft high sign , the Sands was the seventh resort to open on the Strip . During its heyday , the Sands was the center of entertainment and `` cool '' on the Strip , and hosted many famous entertainers of the day , most notably the Rat Pack . The hotel was established in 1952 by Texan oil tycoon Jake Freedman , who bought up the LaRue Restaurant , which had opened two years earlier . The hotel was opened on December 15 , 1952 as a casino with 200 rooms , and was established less than three months after the opening of another notable landmark , Sahara Hotel and Casino . The hotel rooms were divided into four two-story motel wings , each with fifty rooms , and named after famous race tracks . The opening was widely publicized , and every guest was given a Chamois bag with silver dollars . Crime bosses such as Meyer Lansky and Frank Costello acquired shares in the hotel and attracted Frank Sinatra , who made his performing debut at Sands in October 1953 . Sinatra later bought a share in the hotel himself . Sinatra and Sammy Davis , Jr. were instrumental throughout the late 1950s and early 1960s in bringing a change in racial policy in Sands , and after an incident in 1961 , it began employing blacks . In 1960 the classic caper film Ocean 's 11 was shot at the hotel , and it subsequently attained iconic status , with regular performances by Sinatra , Dean Martin , Sammy Davis . Jr. , Red Skelton and others , who performed regularly in the hotel 's world-renowned Copa Room . Much of the musical success of the Copa Room is credited to the room 's band leader and musical conductor Antonio Morelli , whose house orchestra performed in the recording of hundreds of albums over the years . In the mid 1960s , Sands and its adjacent properties were bought by the reclusive businessman Howard Hughes , who built a 500-room tower and modernized the hotel . After the 1970s it fell into decline until its final owner , Sheldon Adelson , made the decision to shut it down and to build a brand new resort . The last dice in the casino was rolled by Bob Stupak just after 6pm on June 30 , 1996 . On November 26 of that year , it was finally imploded and demolished , much to the dismay of longtime employees and sentimentalists . Today , The Venetian stands where the Sands once stood . |
SUPPORTS | The 2003 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament featured the top tier of intercollegiate players. | 2003_NCAA_Division_I_Men's_Basketball_Tournament | The 2003 NCAA Division I Men 's Basketball Tournament involved 65 schools playing in single-elimination play to determine the national champion of men 's NCAA Division I college basketball . It began on March 18 , 2003 , and ended with the championship game on April 7 in New Orleans , Louisiana at the Superdome . A total of 64 games were played . The Final Four consisted of Kansas , making their second straight appearance , Marquette , making their first appearance since they won the national championship in 1977 , Syracuse , making their first appearance since 1996 , and Texas , making their first appearance since 1947 . Texas was the only top seed to advance to the Final Four ; the other three -LRB- Arizona , Kentucky , and Oklahoma -RRB- advanced as far as the Elite Eight but fell . Syracuse won their first national championship in three tries under Jim Boeheim , defeating Kansas 81 -- 78 in what would be Roy Williams ' final game as head coach of the team ; he would depart to become the head coach at North Carolina , a position he still holds as of the 2016 -- 2017 season . Carmelo Anthony of Syracuse was named the tournament 's Most Outstanding Player . Syracuse beat four Big 12 teams on its way to the title : Oklahoma State , Oklahoma , Texas , and Kansas . Those victories helped earn Boeheim the national title that had eluded him in 1987 and 1996 . |
SUPPORTS | The 2003 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament featured the top tier of intercollegiate players. | NCAA_Division_I | Division I -LRB- D-I -RRB- is the highest level of intercollegiate athletics sanctioned by the National Collegiate Athletic Association -LRB- NCAA -RRB- in the United States . D-I schools include the major collegiate athletic powers , with larger budgets , more elaborate facilities and more athletic scholarships than Divisions II and III as well as many smaller schools committed to the highest level of intercollegiate competition . This level was once called the University Division of the NCAA , in contrast to the lower level College Division ; these terms were replaced with numeric divisions in 1973 . The University Division was renamed Division I , while the College Division was split in two ; the College Division members that offered scholarships or wanted to compete against those who did became Division II , while those who did not want to offer scholarships became Division III . For football only , Division I was further subdivided in 1978 into Division I-A -LRB- the principal football schools -RRB- , Division I-AA -LRB- the other schools with football teams -RRB- , and Division I -LRB- those schools not sponsoring football -RRB- . In 2006 , Division I-A and I-AA were renamed `` Football Bowl Subdivision '' -LRB- FBS -RRB- and `` Football Championship Subdivision '' -LRB- FCS -RRB- , respectively . FBS teams are allowed a maximum of 85 players receiving athletically-based aid per year , with each player allowed to receive up to a full scholarship ; FCS teams have the same 85-player limit as FBS teams , but are only allowed to give aid equivalent to 63 full scholarships . FCS teams are allowed to award partial scholarships , a practice technically allowed but essentially never used at the FBS level . FBS teams also have to meet minimum attendance requirements -LRB- average 15,000 people in actual or paid attendance per home game -RRB- , while FCS teams do not need to meet minimum attendance requirements . Another difference is post season play . Since 1978 , FCS teams have played in a college football playoff system to determine a NCAA-sanctioned national champion ; the FBS teams play in bowl games where various polls rank the number one team after the conclusion of the bowl games . Starting with the 2014 postseason , a four-team playoff called the College Football Playoff , replaced the previous one game championship format . Even so , Division I FBS football is still the only NCAA sport in which a yearly champion is not determined by an NCAA-sanctioned championship event . For the 2014-15 school year , Division I contained 345 of the NCAA 's 1,066 member institutions , with 125 in FBS , 125 in FCS , and 95 non-football schools with six additional schools in transition from Division II to Division I . There was a moratorium on any additional movement up to D-I until 2012 , after which any school that wants to move to D-I must be accepted for membership by a conference and show the NCAA it has the financial ability to support a D-I program . All D-I schools must field teams in at least seven sports for men and seven for women or six for men and eight for women , with at least two team sports for each gender . Division I schools must meet minimum financial aid awards for their athletics program , and there are maximum financial aid awards for each sport that a Division I school can not exceed . Several other NCAA sanctioned minimums and differences that distinguish Division I from Divisions II and III . Each playing season has to be represented by each gender as well . There are contest and participant minimums for each sport , as well as scheduling criteria . For sports other than football and basketball , Division I schools must play 100 percent of the minimum number of contests against Division I opponents -- anything over the minimum number of games has to be 50 percent Division I. Men 's and women 's basketball teams have to play all but two games against Division I teams ; for men , they must play one-third of all their contests in the home arena . In addition to the schools that compete fully as D-I institutions , the NCAA allows D-II and D-III schools to classify one men 's and one women 's sport -LRB- other than football or basketball -RRB- as a D-I sport , as long as they sponsored those sports before the latest rules change in 2011 . Also , Division II schools are eligible to compete for Division I national championships in sports that do not have a Division II national championship , and in those sports may also operate under D-I rules and scholarship limits . |
SUPPORTS | Islamabad is a place. | Islamabad | Islamabad -LRB- -LSB- ɪzˈlɑːməˌbɑːd -RSB- -LSB- , , -LSB- ɪsˌlɑːmɑˈbɑːd̪ -RSB- -RRB- is the capital city of Pakistan located within the federal Islamabad Capital Territory . With a population of two million , it is the 10th largest city of Pakistan , while the larger Islamabad-Rawalpindi metropolitan area is the third largest in Pakistan with a population exceeding five million . The city is the political seat of Pakistan and is administered by the Islamabad Metropolitan Corporation , supported by the Capital Development Authority -LRB- CDA -RRB- . Islamabad is located in the Pothohar Plateau in the northeastern part of the country , between Rawalpindi District and the Margalla Hills National Park to the north . The region has historically been a part of the crossroads of Punjab and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa with the Margalla Pass acting as the gateway between the two regions . Islamabad was built during the 1960s to replace Karachi as Pakistan 's capital . The city 's master-plan divides the city into eight zones , including administrative , diplomatic enclave , residential areas , educational sectors , industrial sectors , commercial areas , and rural and green areas . The city is known for the presence of several parks and forests , including the Margalla Hills National Park and Shakarparian Park . The city is home to several landmarks , including the Faisal Mosque , the largest mosque in South Asia and the fourth largest in the world . Other landmarks include the Pakistan 's National Monument and Democracy Square . Islamabad is a beta - world city ; it is categorised as very high on the Human Development Index , the highest in the country . The city has the highest cost of living in Pakistan , and its population is dominated by middle and upper middle class citizens . The city is home to sixteen universities , including the Quaid-e-Azam University and NUST . The city is one of the safest in Pakistan , and has an expansive surveillance system with 1,900 CCTV cameras . |
REFUTES | A United Kingdom is a biographical romantic drama play. | A_United_Kingdom | A United Kingdom is a 2016 British biographical romantic drama film directed by Amma Asante and written by Guy Hibbert , based on the true-life romance between Sir Seretse Khama and his wife Ruth Williams Khama . David Oyelowo and Rosamund Pike portray Seretse and Ruth , respectively . It was screened at the 2016 Toronto International Film Festival , and was the opening film at the 60th London Film Festival , the second year in a row that a British film featured . |
REFUTES | Leslie Alexander doesn't know of the Houston Rockets. | Leslie_Alexander_-LRB-businessman-RRB- | Leslie L. Alexander -LRB- born 1944 -RRB- is an American attorney , businessman and financier . He is a former bond trader from New Jersey who owns the National Basketball Association -LRB- NBA -RRB- team Houston Rockets . |
REFUTES | The 2003 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament was double-elimination. | 2003_NCAA_Division_I_Men's_Basketball_Tournament | The 2003 NCAA Division I Men 's Basketball Tournament involved 65 schools playing in single-elimination play to determine the national champion of men 's NCAA Division I college basketball . It began on March 18 , 2003 , and ended with the championship game on April 7 in New Orleans , Louisiana at the Superdome . A total of 64 games were played . The Final Four consisted of Kansas , making their second straight appearance , Marquette , making their first appearance since they won the national championship in 1977 , Syracuse , making their first appearance since 1996 , and Texas , making their first appearance since 1947 . Texas was the only top seed to advance to the Final Four ; the other three -LRB- Arizona , Kentucky , and Oklahoma -RRB- advanced as far as the Elite Eight but fell . Syracuse won their first national championship in three tries under Jim Boeheim , defeating Kansas 81 -- 78 in what would be Roy Williams ' final game as head coach of the team ; he would depart to become the head coach at North Carolina , a position he still holds as of the 2016 -- 2017 season . Carmelo Anthony of Syracuse was named the tournament 's Most Outstanding Player . Syracuse beat four Big 12 teams on its way to the title : Oklahoma State , Oklahoma , Texas , and Kansas . Those victories helped earn Boeheim the national title that had eluded him in 1987 and 1996 . |
SUPPORTS | Quay premiered in New York City. | Quay_-LRB-film-RRB- | Quay is a 2015 British short documentary film composed , shot , edited , produced , and directed by Christopher Nolan about animators Stephen and Timothy Quay . The film premiered at the Film Forum theatre in New York City on 19 August 2015 . |
NOT ENOUGH INFO | Jonah Hill made $16 million dollars in 2012. | Jonah_Hill | Jonah Hill Feldstein -LRB- born December 20 , 1983 -RRB- , better known as Jonah Hill , is an American actor , producer , screenwriter and comedian . Hill is known for his comedic roles in films such as Accepted -LRB- 2006 -RRB- , Grandma 's Boy -LRB- 2006 -RRB- , Superbad -LRB- 2007 -RRB- , Knocked Up -LRB- 2007 -RRB- , Forgetting Sarah Marshall -LRB- 2008 -RRB- , Get Him to the Greek -LRB- 2010 -RRB- , 21 Jump Street -LRB- 2012 -RRB- , This Is the End -LRB- 2013 -RRB- , 22 Jump Street -LRB- 2014 -RRB- and War Dogs -LRB- 2016 -RRB- , as well as his performances in Moneyball -LRB- 2011 -RRB- and The Wolf of Wall Street -LRB- 2013 -RRB- , for which he received Academy Award nominations for Best Supporting Actor . Hill ranked 28th on Forbes magazine 's ranking of world 's highest paid actors from June 2014 to June 2015 , bringing in $ 16million . As a screenwriter , he contributed to the stories of 21 Jump Street , 22 Jump Street and Sausage Party -LRB- 2016 -RRB- , all of which he also starred in . |
NOT ENOUGH INFO | Joseph Merrick was the inspiration for The Elephant Man beer. | The_Elephant_Man_-LRB-film-RRB- | The Elephant Man is a 1980 American historical drama film about Joseph Merrick -LRB- whom the script calls John Merrick -RRB- , a severely deformed man in late 19th century London . The film was directed by David Lynch and stars John Hurt , Anthony Hopkins , Anne Bancroft , John Gielgud , Wendy Hiller , Michael Elphick , Hannah Gordon and Freddie Jones . It was produced by Jonathan Sanger and Mel Brooks , the latter of whom was intentionally left uncredited to avoid confusion from audiences who possibly would have expected a comedy . The screenplay was adapted by Lynch , Christopher De Vore and Eric Bergren from Frederick Treves 's The Elephant Man and Other Reminiscences -LRB- 1923 -RRB- and Ashley Montagu 's The Elephant Man : A Study in Human Dignity -LRB- 1971 -RRB- . It was shot in black-and-white and featured make-up work by Christopher Tucker . The Elephant Man was a critical and commercial success with eight Academy Award nominations , including Best Picture , Best Director , Best Adapted Screenplay and Best Actor . After receiving widespread criticism for failing to honor the film 's make-up effects , the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences was prompted to create the Academy Award for Best Makeup and Hairstyling the following year . The film also won the BAFTA Awards for Best Film , Best Actor and Best Production Design and was nominated for Golden Globe awards . It also won a French César Award for Best Foreign Film . |
NOT ENOUGH INFO | Foot Locker is a sports and football bar. | Foot_Locker | Foot Locker Retail , Inc. is an American sportswear and footwear retailer , with its headquarters in Midtown Manhattan , New York City , and operating in 28 countries worldwide . Although established in 1974 , and founded as a separate company in 1988 , Foot Locker is a successor corporation to the F. W. Woolworth Company -LRB- `` Woolworth 's '' -RRB- , as many of its freestanding stores were former Woolworth 's locations . The company operates the eponymous `` Foot Locker '' chain of athletic footwear retail outlets -LRB- along with `` Kids Foot Locker '' and `` Lady Foot Locker '' stores -RRB- , and other athletic-based divisions including Champs Sports , Footaction USA , House of Hoops , and Eastbay/Footlocker . com , which owns the rights to Final Score . The company is also famous for its employees ' uniforms at its flagship Foot Locker chain , resembling those of referees . According to the company 's filings with the SEC , as of January 28 , 2017 , Foot Locker , Inc. had 3,363 primarily mall-based stores in the United States , Canada , Europe , and Asia . |
SUPPORTS | Amancio Ortega is a businessman. | Amancio_Ortega | Amancio Ortega Gaona -LRB- -LSB- aˈmanθjo orˈteɣa ɣaˈona -RSB- ; born 28 March 1936 -RRB- is a Spanish business tycoon . He is the founder and former chairman of Inditex fashion group , best known for its chain of Zara clothing and accessories retail shops . According to Forbes Magazine , he is currently the richest person in Europe , and the second richest in the world with an estimated net worth of $ 85.7 billion . He is also the wealthiest retailer in the world . |
NOT ENOUGH INFO | Keith Stanfield's was born LaKeith Lee "Keith'' Stanfield on August 12, 1991. | Keith_Joseph_-LRB-American_football-RRB- | Keith Joseph -LRB- born February 23 , 1981 in Dallas , Texas -RRB- is a former professional American football running back in the NFL for the New Orleans Saints . |
REFUTES | The Quiet is a cat. | The_Quiet | The Quiet is a 2005 American drama thriller film directed by Jamie Babbit and starring Camilla Belle and Elisha Cuthbert . It focuses on a deaf-mute teenage girl , Dot -LRB- Camilla Belle -RRB- who goes to live with her godparents -LRB- played by Martin Donovan and Edie Falco -RRB- after her father dies , where she slowly learns the disturbing secrets of the family , primarily concerning their teenage daughter , Nina -LRB- Elisha Cuthbert -RRB- . The film was acquired by Destination Films , which released this film in the United States theatrically through Sony Pictures Classics on August 25 , 2006 , and marketed with the tagline : `` Is n't it time everyone hears your secrets ? '' . The film 's soundtrack features songs by Low , Cat Power , Le Tigre , and numerous Beethoven piano sonatas . Many reviewers complained that it was sleazy , exploitative and difficult to watch , and that it was too serious to be satire , yet too camp to be taken seriously . |
REFUTES | Heaven Can Wait is an original work. | Heaven_Can_Wait_-LRB-1978_film-RRB- | Heaven Can Wait is a 1978 American fantasy-comedy film co-directed by Warren Beatty and Buck Henry . It was the second film adaptation of Harry Segall 's play of the same name , being preceded by Here Comes Mr. Jordan -LRB- 1941 -RRB- . The film was nominated for nine Academy Awards . The cast reunites Beatty and Julie Christie , who also starred together in the 1971 McCabe & Mrs. Miller and the 1975 Shampoo . A third film adaptation of the play was done in 2001 , titled Down to Earth . |
NOT ENOUGH INFO | Innovation is viewed as the application of better solutions that meet personal needs. | Innovation | Innovation can be defined simply as a `` new idea , device or method '' . However , innovation is often also viewed as the application of better solutions that meet new requirements , unarticulated needs , or existing market needs . This is accomplished through more-effective products , processes , services , technologies , or business models that are readily available to markets , governments and society . The term `` innovation '' can be defined as something original and more effective and , as a consequence , new , that `` breaks into '' the market or society . It is related to , but not the same as , invention . Innovation is often manifested via the engineering process . The opposite of innovation is exnovation . While a novel device is often described as an innovation , in economics , management science , and other fields of practice and analysis , innovation is generally considered to be the result of a process that brings together various novel ideas in a way that they affect society . In industrial economics , innovations are created and found empirically from services to meet the growing consumer demand . |
REFUTES | Alan Shepard was in a coma from 1963 until 1970. | Alan_Shepard | Rear Admiral Alan Bartlett Shepard Jr. -LRB- November 18 , 1923 -- July 21 , 1998 -RRB- was an American astronaut , naval aviator , test pilot , and businessman . A graduate of the United States Naval Academy at Annapolis , Shepard saw action with the surface navy during World War II . He became a naval aviator in 1946 , and a test pilot in 1950 . He was selected as one of the original NASA Mercury Seven astronauts in 1959 , and in May 1961 he made the first manned Project Mercury flight , MR-3 , in a spacecraft he named Freedom 7 . His craft entered space , but did not achieve orbit . He became the second person , and the first American , to travel into space , and the first person to manually control the orientation of his spacecraft . In the final stages of Project Mercury , Shepard was scheduled to pilot the Mercury-Atlas 10 -LRB- MA-10 -RRB- , which was planned as a three-day mission . He named Mercury Spacecraft 15B Freedom 7 II in honor of his first spacecraft , but the mission was cancelled . Shepard was designated as the commander of the first manned Project Gemini mission , but was grounded in 1963 due to Ménière 's disease , an inner-ear ailment that caused episodes of extreme dizziness and nausea . This was surgically corrected in 1969 , and in 1971 , Shepard commanded the Apollo 14 mission , piloting the Apollo Lunar Module Antares to the most accurate landing of the Apollo missions . At age 47 , he became the fifth and oldest person to walk on the Moon , and the only one of the Mercury Seven astronauts to do so . During the mission , he hit two golf balls on the lunar surface . He was Chief of the Astronaut Office from November 1963 to July 1969 -LRB- the approximate period of his grounding -RRB- , and from June 1971 until his retirement from the United States Navy and NASA on August 1 , 1974 . He was promoted to rear admiral on August 25 , 1971 , the first astronaut to reach that rank . |
NOT ENOUGH INFO | Birmingham is in a county. | West_Midlands_-LRB-county-RRB- | The West Midlands is a metropolitan county in western central England with a 2014 estimated population of 2,808,356 , making it the second most populous county in England . It came into existence as a metropolitan county in 1974 after the passage of the Local Government Act 1972 , formed from parts of Staffordshire , Worcestershire and Warwickshire . The county itself is a NUTS 2 region within the wider NUTS 1 region of the same name . The county consists of seven metropolitan boroughs : the City of Birmingham , the City of Coventry , and the City of Wolverhampton , as well as the boroughs of Dudley , Sandwell , Solihull , and Walsall . The metropolitan county exists in law and as a geographic frame of reference . and as a ceremonial county it has a Lord Lieutenant and a High Sheriff . Between 1974 and 1986 , the West Midlands County Council was the administrative body covering the county , this was abolished on 31 March 1986 , and the constituent metropolitan boroughs effectively became unitary authorities . A new administrative body for the county ; the West Midlands Combined Authority was created in June 2016 . Since May 2017 the authority has been headed by a directly elected Mayor of the West Midlands , a position currently held by Andy Street of the Conservative Party . Other county-wide bodies include the West Midlands Police , the West Midlands Fire Service and Transport for West Midlands . The county is sometimes described as the `` West Midlands metropolitan area '' or the `` West Midlands conurbation '' , although these have different , and less clearly defined , boundaries . The main conurbation , or urban area , does not include Coventry for example . The name `` West Midlands '' is also used for the much larger West Midlands region , which sometimes causes confusion , not surprising perhaps when geographically it is on the eastern side of the region , the western side comprising Shropshire and Herefordshire . |
REFUTES | Caleb McLaughlin finished college in 2001. | Caleb_McLaughlin | Caleb McLaughlin -LRB- born October 13 , 2001 -RRB- is an American actor . He began his career on the Broadway stage as Young Simba in the musical The Lion King . Since 2016 , he has portrayed Lucas Sinclair in the Netflix science fiction drama series Stranger Things . Industry reports have confirmed that he will return in Season 2 . In 2017 , McLaughlin appeared in the BET miniseries The New Edition Story as Ricky Bell . |
NOT ENOUGH INFO | Two and a Half Men season aired in 2014. | The_Americans_-LRB-season_3-RRB- | The third season of the American television drama series The Americans , consisting of 13 episodes , premiered on FX on January 28 , 2015 , and concluded on April 22 , 2015 . The series was renewed for the third season on April 16 , 2014 . |
REFUTES | The Silver Surfer is a fictional super villain. | Silver_Surfer | The Silver Surfer is a fictional superhero appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics . The character also appears in a number of movies , television , and video game adaptations . The character was created by Jack Kirby , and first appeared in the comic book Fantastic Four # 48 , published in 1966 . The Silver Surfer is a humanoid with metallic skin who can travel space with the aid of his surfboard-like craft . Originally a young astronomer named Norrin Radd on the planet Zenn-La , he saved his homeworld from the planet devourer , Galactus , by serving as his herald . Imbued in return with a tiny portion of Galactus 's Power Cosmic , Radd acquired vast power , a new body and a surfboard-like craft on which he could travel faster than light . Now known as the Silver Surfer , Radd roamed the cosmos searching for planets for Galactus to consume . When his travels took him to Earth , he met the Fantastic Four , a team of powerful superheroes who helped him rediscover his humanity and nobility of spirit . Betraying Galactus , the Surfer saved Earth but was exiled there as punishment . In 2011 , IGN ranked Silver Surfer 41st in its `` Top 100 Comic Heroes '' list . He was portrayed by Doug Jones and voiced by Laurence Fishburne in the 2007 film Fantastic Four : Rise of the Silver Surfer . |
NOT ENOUGH INFO | The Nobel Prize in Chemistry was awarded to a person from a forest. | Nobel_Prize_in_Chemistry | The Nobel Prize in Chemistry -LRB- Nobelpriset i kemi -RRB- is awarded annually by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences to scientists in the various fields of chemistry . It is one of the five Nobel Prizes established by the will of Alfred Nobel in 1895 , awarded for outstanding contributions in chemistry , physics , literature , peace , and physiology or medicine . This award is administered by the Nobel Foundation and awarded by Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences on proposal of the Nobel Committee for Chemistry which consists of five members elected by Academy . The award is presented in Stockholm at an annual ceremony on December 10 , the anniversary of Nobel 's death . The first Nobel Prize in Chemistry was awarded in 1901 to Jacobus Henricus van ' t Hoff , of the Netherlands , `` for his discovery of the laws of chemical dynamics and osmotic pressure in solutions . '' From 1901 to 2016 , the award has been bestowed on a total of 174 individuals , of which four have been women . |
SUPPORTS | Doug Petrie played a character in Dr. Horrible's Sing-Along Blog. | Doug_Petrie | Douglas `` Doug '' Petrie is an American screenwriter , director , and producer . Best known as a writer , director , and co-executive producer on Buffy the Vampire Slayer . He co-wrote the screenplays for the Fantastic Four film and Harriet the Spy . He has also written for the television shows Angel , The 4400 , Tru Calling and American Horror Story : Coven . He served as a co-executive producer and writer for two seasons on CSI : Crime Scene Investigation and as a consulting producer and writer on the second season of Pushing Daisies . He made a cameo on Joss Whedon 's web-based film , Dr. Horrible 's Sing-Along Blog , as `` Professor Normal '' . He served as co-executive producer on the first season of the Netflix show Daredevil , and took over as showrunner for its second season alongside Marco Ramirez . In April 2016 Petrie and Ramirez were announced as showrunners of The Defenders , a miniseries that crosses over Daredevil , Jessica Jones , Luke Cage , and Iron Fist . |
REFUTES | DodgeBall: A True Underdog Story is a 2004 novel. | DodgeBall-COLON-_A_True_Underdog_Story | DodgeBall : A True Underdog Story is a 2004 American sports comedy film written and directed by Rawson Marshall Thurber and starring Vince Vaughn and Ben Stiller . The film follows friends who enter a dodgeball tournament in order to win enough money to save their failing gym from being bought by a corporate fitness chain . DodgeBall received generally positive reviews , including a 70 % approval rating on Rotten Tomatoes , and grossed $ 167 million worldwide . |
REFUTES | DodgeBall: A True Underdog Story is a 2004 novel. | Rotten_Tomatoes | Rotten Tomatoes is an American review aggregator website for film and television . The company was launched in August 1998 by Senh Duong and since January 2010 has been owned by Flixster , which was , in turn , acquired in 2011 by Warner Bros. . In February 2016 , Rotten Tomatoes and its parent site Flixster were sold to Comcast 's Fandango . Warner Bros. retained a minority stake in the merged entities , including Fandango . Since 2007 , the website 's editor-in-chief has been Matt Atchity . The name , Rotten Tomatoes , derives from the practice of audiences ' throwing rotten tomatoes when disapproving of a poor stage performance . From early 2008 to September 2010 , Current Television aired the weekly The Rotten Tomatoes Show , featuring hosts and material from the website . A shorter segment was incorporated into the weekly show , InfoMania , which ended in 2011 . In September 2013 , the website introduced `` TV Zone '' , a section for reviewing scripted TV shows . |
SUPPORTS | The character Poe Dameron was portrayed by Oscar Isaac. | Oscar_Isaac | Oscar Isaac -LRB- born Óscar Isaac Hernández Estrada ; March 9 , 1979 -RRB- is a Guatemalan-American actor and musician . He is known for his lead film roles in the comedy-drama Inside Llewyn Davis -LRB- 2013 -RRB- , for which he received a Golden Globe Award nomination , the crime drama A Most Violent Year -LRB- 2014 -RRB- and the science fiction thriller Ex Machina -LRB- 2015 -RRB- , in which he played Nathan Hamlet Bateman . In 2006 , he portrayed Saint Joseph , husband of Mary , in The Nativity Story . He also portrayed José Ramos-Horta , former president of East Timor , in the Australian film Balibo for which he won the AACTA Award for Best Actor in a Supporting Role . He has portrayed characters of many different nationalities and ethnicities , such as mixed European , Egyptian , Polish , English , French , Mexican , East Timorese , Italian , Welsh , Indonesian , Greek , Cuban , Israeli , and Armenian . He appeared in Star Wars : The Force Awakens -LRB- 2015 -RRB- , as X-wing pilot Poe Dameron , and in X-Men : Apocalypse -LRB- 2016 -RRB- , as the titular mutant supervillain Apocalypse . He also headlined the HBO miniseries Show Me a Hero , as politician Nick Wasicsko in 2015 , which earned him the Golden Globe Award for Best Actor -- Miniseries or Television Film . In 2016 , Time named Isaac one of the 100 most influential people in the world on the annual Time 100 list . He also played the lead role of Mikael Boghosian in The Promise -LRB- 2016 -RRB- , a film based on the Armenian Genocide . |
REFUTES | Innovation is often also viewed as the application of a way to go around new requirements. | Innovation | Innovation can be defined simply as a `` new idea , device or method '' . However , innovation is often also viewed as the application of better solutions that meet new requirements , unarticulated needs , or existing market needs . This is accomplished through more-effective products , processes , services , technologies , or business models that are readily available to markets , governments and society . The term `` innovation '' can be defined as something original and more effective and , as a consequence , new , that `` breaks into '' the market or society . It is related to , but not the same as , invention . Innovation is often manifested via the engineering process . The opposite of innovation is exnovation . While a novel device is often described as an innovation , in economics , management science , and other fields of practice and analysis , innovation is generally considered to be the result of a process that brings together various novel ideas in a way that they affect society . In industrial economics , innovations are created and found empirically from services to meet the growing consumer demand . |
REFUTES | Pythagoras wasn't a mathematician. | Pythagoras | Pythagoras of Samos -LRB- -LSB- pɪˈθægərəs -RSB- -LSB- paɪˈθægərəs -RSB- -LSB- Πυθαγόρας ὁ Σάμιος , Pythagóras ho Sámios , Pythagoras the Samos , Samian -RSB- , or simply Πυθαγόρας Πυθαγόρης in Ionian Greek ; -RRB- was an Ionian Greek philosopher , mathematician , and putative founder of the Pythagoreanism movement . He is often revered as a great mathematician and scientist and is best known for the Pythagorean theorem which bears his name . Legend and obfuscation cloud his work , so it is uncertain whether he truly contributed much to mathematics or natural philosophy . Many of the accomplishments credited to Pythagoras may actually have been accomplishments of his colleagues or successors . Some accounts mention that the philosophy associated with Pythagoras was related to mathematics and that numbers were important . It was said that he was the first man to call himself a philosopher , or lover of wisdom , and Pythagorean ideas exercised a marked influence on Plato , and through him , all of Western philosophy . |
NOT ENOUGH INFO | Chinatown was written by Roman Polanski. | Chinatown_-LRB-1974_film-RRB- | Chinatown is a 1974 American neo-noir mystery film , directed by Roman Polanski from a screenplay by Robert Towne , starring Jack Nicholson and Faye Dunaway . The film was inspired by the California Water Wars , a series of disputes over southern California water at the beginning of the 20th century , by which Los Angeles interests secured water rights in the Owens Valley . The Robert Evans production , a Paramount Pictures release , was the director 's last film in the United States and features many elements of film noir , particularly a multi-layered story that is part mystery and part psychological drama . In 1991 , the film was selected by the Library of Congress for preservation in the United States National Film Registry as being `` culturally , historically or aesthetically significant '' and it is frequently listed as one of the greatest films of all-time . At the 47th Academy Awards , it was nominated for eleven Oscars , with Towne winning Best Original Screenplay . The Golden Globe Awards honored it for Best Drama , Best Director , Best Actor and Best Screenplay . The American Film Institute placed it second among mystery films in 2008 . A sequel , The Two Jakes , was released in 1990 , again starring Nicholson , who also directed , with Robert Towne returning to write the screenplay . The film failed to generate the acclaim of its predecessor . |
SUPPORTS | American Idol (season 8) had at least one female judge. | American_Idol_-LRB-season_8-RRB- | The eighth season of American Idol premiered on January 13 , 2009 , and concluded on May 20 , 2009 . Judges Simon Cowell , Paula Abdul , and Randy Jackson continued to judge the show 's contestants , along with Ryan Seacrest as host . The season introduced Kara DioGuardi as the fourth judge on the Idol panel . It was also Abdul 's final season as a judge . Kris Allen , a native of Conway , Arkansas , was announced the winner of the competition on May 20 , 2009 , defeating runner-up Adam Lambert after nearly 100 million votes . Kris Allen is the only married winner of the competition at the time of his victory . This was the second season where both of the final two contestants had been in the bottom three or two at least once before the finale , with the first being season three . The eighth season saw numerous changes to the format of the show . There were 36 semi-finalists instead of 24 , and thirteen finalists instead of twelve , nine contestants chosen by the public and four by the judges in a wild card round . Another addition was the `` save , '' which was used on the top seven results show to veto Matt Giraud 's elimination . Seven contestants from this season were signed to record deals . The signed artists are Kris Allen , who was then signed to 19 Entertainment/Jive Records . In addition to Allen , Adam Lambert , Danny Gokey , Allison Iraheta , Lil Rounds , Anoop Desai and Michael Sarver . |
SUPPORTS | American Idol (season 8) had at least one female judge. | Paula_Abdul | Paula Julie Abdul -LRB- -LSB- ˈæbduːl -RSB- born June 19 , 1962 -RRB- is an American singer-songwriter , voice actress , dancer , choreographer , actress and television personality . She began her career as a cheerleader for the Los Angeles Lakers at the age of 18 before rising to prominence in the 1980s as a highly sought-after choreographer at the height of the music video era . Abdul later scored a string of pop music hits in the late 1980s and early 1990s . Her six number one singles on the Billboard Hot 100 tie her with Diana Ross for seventh among the female solo performers who have topped the chart . She won a Grammy for `` Best Music Video -- Short Form '' for `` Opposites Attract '' and twice won the `` Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Choreography '' . After her initial period of success , Abdul suffered a series of setbacks in her professional and personal life . She saw renewed fame and success as an original judge on American Idol in the 2000s , which she left after the eighth season . She went on to star on CBS 's short-lived television series Live to Dance , which lasted one season in 2011 , and was subsequently a judge on the first season of the American version of The X Factor along with her former American Idol co-judge Simon Cowell , the creator and producer of the show . She was also a guest judge on the All-Stars edition of Dancing with the Stars in 2012 and the tenth season of So You Think You Can Dance in 2013 , and more recently became a permanent judge for that series along with the Australian version of the show for its 2014 revival . |
SUPPORTS | American Idol (season 8) had at least one female judge. | Kara_DioGuardi | Kara Elizabeth DioGuardi -LRB- -LSB- ˈkærə_diːoʊ-ˈɡwɑːrdi -RSB- born December 9 , 1970 -RRB- is an American singer-songwriter , record producer , music publisher , A&R executive , composer and TV personality . She writes music primarily in the pop rock genre . DioGuardi has worked with many popular artists ; sales of albums on which her songs appear exceed 160 million worldwide . DioGuardi is a Grammy and Emmy-nominated writer . She 's a 2011 NAMM Music For Life Award winner , 2009 NMPA Songwriter Icon Award winner , 2007 BMI Pop Songwriter of the Year , and has received 20 BMI Awards for co-writing the most performed songs on the radio . DioGuardi served as a judge on American Idol for its eighth and ninth seasons . In 2008 , she was appointed to the position of executive vice president of talent development at Warner Bros. . Records , and has signed acts such as Jason Derülo and Iyaz . In 2011 , she was a head judge on the Bravo singer-songwriter competition series Platinum Hit . |
SUPPORTS | The Indian National Congress was founded in Bombay. | Indian_National_Congress | The Indian National Congress -LRB- INC , often called Congress -RRB- is a broad-based political party in India . Founded in 1885 , the Congress led India to independence from Great Britain , and powerfully influenced other anti-colonial nationalist movements in the British Empire . After India 's independence in 1947 , the Congress formed the government at center in most instances , and also many regional state governments . The Congress is a secular , left-of-centre , party . Although it did not fare well in the last general elections in India in 2014 , it remains one of two major , nationwide , political parties in India , along with the right-wing , Hindu nationalist , Bhartiya Janata Party -LRB- BJP -RRB- . The Congress was the first modern nationalist movement to emerge in the British Empire in Asia and Africa . It was founded in Bombay in late December 1885 , during the British Raj in India . Its principal founders were , Allan Octavian Hume -LRB- a former administrator of Etawah district , North-Western Provinces , and pioneering ornithologist of India -RRB- , as well as William Wedderburn , Pherozeshah Mehta , Dadabhai Naoroji , Dinshaw Wacha , and others . From the late 19th-century , and especially after 1920 , under the leadership of Mahatma Gandhi , Congress became the principal leader of the Indian independence movement , with over 15 million members and over 70 million participants . After independence in 1947 , Congress became India 's dominant political party ; , in the 15 general elections since independence , it has won an outright majority on six occasions and has led the ruling coalition a further four times , heading the central government for 49 years . There have been seven Congress Prime Ministers , the first being Jawaharlal Nehru -LRB- 1947 -- 64 -RRB- , and the most recent Manmohan Singh -LRB- 2004 -- 14 -RRB- . The party 's social liberal platform is generally considered to be on the centre-left of Indian politics . From 2004 to 2014 , the Congress-led United Progressive Alliance , a coalition of several regional parties , formed the Indian government and was headed by Prime Minister Manmohan Singh . As of March 2017 , the party is in power in five states : Punjab , Himachal Pradesh , Karnataka , Meghalaya and Mizoram . In Bihar , it is a part of the ruling coalition . The Congress has previously directly ruled Andhra Pradesh , Tamil Nadu , Gujarat , Madhya Pradesh , Rajasthan , Uttar Pradesh and Goa . In the 2014 general election , the Congress had its poorest post-independence general election performance , winning only 44 seats of the 543-member house . The Congress ' social policy is based upon the Gandhian principle of Sarvodaya -- the lifting up of all sections of society -- which involves the improvement of the lives of economically underprivileged and socially marginalised people . The party primarily endorses social liberalism -- seeking to balance individual liberty and social justice , and secularism -- asserting the right to be free from religious rule and teachings . |
SUPPORTS | Henry III of France was assassinated by a fanatic in 1589. | Henry_III_of_France | Henry III -LRB- 19 September 1551 -- 2 August 1589 ; born Alexandre Édouard de France , Henryk Walezy , Henrikas Valua -RRB- was a monarch of the House of Valois who was elected the monarch of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth from 1573 to 1575 and ruled as King of France from 1574 until his death . He was the last French monarch of the Valois dynasty . As the fourth son of King Henry II of France and Catherine de ' Medici , Henry was not expected to assume the throne of France . He was thus a good candidate for the vacant Commonwealth throne , and he was elected with the dual titles King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania . Henry 's rule over the Commonwealth was brief , but notable . The Henrician Articles he signed into law accepting the Commonwealth throne established Poland as an elective monarchy subject to free election by the Polish nobility . Of his three older brothers , two would live long enough to ascend the French throne , but both died young and without a legitimate male heir . He abandoned Commonwealth upon receiving word that he had inherited the throne of France at the age of 22 . The kingdom of France was at the time plagued by the Wars of Religion , and Henry 's authority was undermined by violent political parties funded by foreign powers : the Catholic League -LRB- supported by Spain -RRB- , the Protestant Huguenots -LRB- supported by England and the Dutch -RRB- and the Malcontents , led by Henry 's own brother , the Duke of Alençon , which was a party of Catholic and Protestant aristocrats who jointly opposed the absolutist ambitions of the king . Henry III was himself a politique , arguing that a strong and religiously tolerant monarchy would save France from collapse . After the death of Henry 's younger brother Francis , Duke of Anjou , and when it became apparent that Henry would not produce an heir , the Wars of Religion grew into a succession crisis that resulted in a war known as the War of the Three Henrys . Henry III 's legitimate heir was his distant cousin Henry , King of Navarre , a Protestant . The Catholic League , led by Henry I , Duke of Guise , sought to exclude Protestants from the succession and championed the Catholic Charles , Cardinal of Bourbon , as Henry III 's heir . In 1589 , Jacques Clément , a Catholic fanatic , murdered Henry III , who was succeeded by the King of Navarre who , as Henry IV , would assume the throne of France after converting to Catholicism , and become the first French king of the House of Bourbon . |
REFUTES | Gory Guerrero was a professional businessman. | Gory_Guerrero | Salvador Guerrero Quesada -LRB- January 11 , 1921 -- April 18 , 1990 -RRB- , better known as Gory Guerrero , was one of the premier Hispanic professional wrestlers in the early days of Lucha Libre when most wrestlers were imported from outside of Mexico . He wrestled primarily in Empresa Mexicana de la Lucha Libre -LRB- EMLL -RRB- between the 1940s and 1960s . He was also the patriarch of the Guerrero wrestling family . |
SUPPORTS | George Clooney starred in the film The Good German. | The_Good_German | The Good German is a 2006 film adaptation of Joseph Kanon 's eponymous 2001 novel . It was directed by Steven Soderbergh , and stars George Clooney , Cate Blanchett , and Tobey Maguire . Set in Berlin following the Allied victory over the Nazis , it begins as a murder mystery but weaves in elements involving the American postwar employment of Nazi rocket scientists in Operation Paperclip . The film was shot in black-and-white and is designed to imitate the appearance of film noir from the 1940s , although it also includes material -- such as sex scenes and swearing -- that would have been prohibited by the Production Code . Its poster is an homage to the poster for the classic film Casablanca -LRB- 1942 , also a Warner Bros. film -RRB- , as is the closing scene at an airport . The DVD release presents the film in the 1.33:1 aspect ratio which declined in use from about 1953 , though the theatrical release used the slightly more modern but still unusual 1.66:1 ratio . The film received mixed reviews and grossed $ 5.9 million worldwide against a budget of $ 32 million . |
SUPPORTS | Jiang Wen is a Chinese actor. | Jiang_Wen | Jiang Wen -LRB- born 5 January 1963 -RRB- is a Chinese film actor , screenwriter , and director . As a director , he is sometimes grouped with the `` Sixth Generation '' that emerged in the 1990s . Jiang is also well known internationally as an actor , having starred with Gong Li in Zhang Yimou 's debut film Red Sorghum -LRB- 1986 -RRB- , and more recently as Baze Malbus in the Star Wars anthology film Rogue One -LRB- 2016 -RRB- . He is the older brother of fellow actor Jiang Wu . |
SUPPORTS | Temple Grandin is a 2010 biopic. | Temple_Grandin_-LRB-film-RRB- | Temple Grandin is a 2010 biopic directed by Mick Jackson and starring Claire Danes as Temple Grandin , an autistic woman who revolutionized practices for the humane handling of livestock on cattle ranches and slaughterhouses . |
NOT ENOUGH INFO | The Group of 15 includes Chile. | Science_and_technology_in_Chile | The science and technology in Chile is directed by the National Commission of Scientific and Technological Investigation . |
NOT ENOUGH INFO | Hair (musical) won a contest for best revival of a musical. | Los_Angeles_Film_Critics_Association_Award_for_Best_Screenplay | The Los Angeles Film Critics Association Award for Best Screenplay is one of the annual film awards given by the Los Angeles Film Critics Association . |
REFUTES | Ron Dennis is the Global Consultant for Citigroup. | Ron_Dennis | Ronald Dennis CBE -LRB- born 1 June 1947 -RRB- is a British businessman and Official British Business Ambassador for The United Kingdom . Dennis is the Global Consultant for Minsheng Investment Corporation and also owner of Absolute Taste . He is best known for his former role as owner , CEO , chairman and founder of McLaren Technology Group . Dennis was removed from his McLaren management roles in 2016 but remains a director of the company and a 25 % shareholder . Between 1981 and 2009 , Dennis was the team principal of the McLaren Formula One team , and was instrumental in transforming the outfit into a regular world championship contender . Constructors ' and drivers ' world championships were won with Niki Lauda , Alain Prost , Ayrton Senna , Mika Häkkinen and Lewis Hamilton . After being handed a three-page business plan by a chef for his Formula One team , he set up a catering company , Absolute Taste , today retaining 55 % of the company . In January 2007 , Dennis sold half of his 30 percent shareholding in the McLaren Group to the Bahrain Mumtalakat Holding Company , leaving him with a 15 percent share . In 2009 , Dennis , together with co-owners Mansour Ojjeh 's TAG Group and the Bahraini Mumtalakat Holding Company , bought back Daimler AG 's 40 per cent shareholding in a deal that was concluded in 2011 . As of January 2014 , Mumtalakat hold 50 percent of the Group 's shares , with Dennis and Mansour Ojjeh holding 25 percent each . Ron Dennis was placed at number 648 in the Sunday Times Rich List 2006 with a net worth of # 90 million , however The Times put his wealth at # 200 million in 2009 . In the Sunday Times Rich List 2011 , Dennis ' net worth is estimated to be # 177m . In April 2014 , it was stated he had a net worth of approx . # 300m -LRB- $ 513m -RRB- . His net worth grew in 2014 when he purchased McLaren Group . Aside from McLaren Group , he is also one of six British business persons to be an official British Business Ambassador for advanced engineering and manufacturing . Dennis is also a main trustee for Tommy 's , a miscarriage help charity . He is the Global Consultant for the state owned China Minsheng Investment Group and also the chairman for the UK Summit . With interests in foreign trade , Dennis also became Chairman of the British East Asian Council in 2014 . Before the merger with Louis Vuitton , Dennis was a major shareholder in the luxury watch maker TAG Heuer , along with his business partner , Mansour Ojjeh . In December 2014 , he attempted to purchase 50 % of McLaren Technology Company from Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa and Ojjeh , after shareholder relations worsened , but the investment deals Dennis had arranged failed to materialise and the shareholding structure remained as before . Dennis tried to purchase the company again in October 2016 , with an estimated bid of 1.7 bn , but Ojjeh and Mumtalakat wanted Dennis out , refusing his bid and consequently in November 2016 , Ojjeh and Mumtalakat placed Dennis on ` gardening leave ' for two months , and will not have his contract renewed in January 2017 when it expires . He remains 25 % shareholder of McLaren Technology Group as well as retaining his ` company director ' role , and 11 % shareholder of McLaren Automotive , as well as is role there as Chairman and ` company director . |
SUPPORTS | Boxing Helena featured Sherilyn Fenn. | Sherilyn_Fenn | Sherilyn Fenn -LRB- born Sheryl Ann Fenn February 1 , 1965 -RRB- is an American actress . She came to attention for her performance as Audrey Horne on the 1990 cult TV series Twin Peaks -LRB- 1990 -- 1991 -RRB- for which she was nominated a Golden Globe Award and an Emmy Award . She is also known for her roles in Of Mice and Men -LRB- 1992 -RRB- , Boxing Helena -LRB- 1993 -RRB- and the television sitcom Rude Awakening -LRB- 1998 -- 2001 -RRB- . |
NOT ENOUGH INFO | Jab Tak Hai Jaan was praised for its chemistry between its lead singers. | Jab_Tak_Hai_Jaan | Jab Tak Hai Jaan -LRB- English : As Long as I Live , literally `` as long , or as far , as there is life '' -RRB- is a 2012 Indian romantic drama film directed by Yash Chopra and written and produced by Aditya Chopra under their production banner , Yash Raj Films . The movie is the first collaboration between Khan and Kaif , and the second between Khan and Sharma -LRB- they previously featured in the 2008 film Rab Ne Bana Di Jodi -RRB- . Yash Chopra returned to directing eight years after Veer-Zaara . This was to be his final film before his death in October 2012 , at age 80 . The background score and soundtrack was composed by A. R. Rahman , with lyrics from Gulzar . Set in London , England , Jab Tak Hai Jaan tells the story of Akira Rai -LRB- Anushka Sharma -RRB- , an ambitious , hardworking intern at the Discovery Channel . She finds the diary of Samar Anand -LRB- Shah Rukh Khan -RRB- , a bomb-disposal expert . The diary recounts his time as a struggling immigrant in London , and later details his whirlwind romance with Meera Thapar -LRB- Katrina Kaif -RRB- . The film was released during the six-day Diwali weekend beginning on 13 November 2012 . Jab Tak Hai Jaan emerged as the third-highest-grossing Bollywood film overseas at that time , after 3 Idiots and My Name Is Khan -LRB- 2010 -RRB- . The film was praised for its direction , cinematography , and the chemistry between its lead actors . Khan and Sharma were lauded for their performances , though the movie 's predictable plot drew criticism . At the end of its theatrical run Jab Tak Hai Jaan received a number of awards , including four Filmfare Awards , which included trophies for Best Supporting Actress -LRB- Anushka Sharma -RRB- and Best Lyrics for Gulzar . |
NOT ENOUGH INFO | Planet Hollywood Las Vegas is operated by an American gaming corporation and it is a rich company. | Caesars_Entertainment_Corporation | Caesars Entertainment Corporation , is an American gaming corporation based in Paradise , Nevada that owns and operates over 50 casinos and hotels , and seven golf courses under several brands . It is the fourth-largest gaming company in the world , with annual revenues of $ 8.6 billion -LRB- 2013 -RRB- . Caesars is a public company , majority-owned by a group of private equity firms led by Apollo Global Management and TPG Capital . Caesars 's largest operating unit filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection in January 2015 . |
REFUTES | The Nice Guys was released in 2010. | The_Nice_Guys | The Nice Guys is a 2016 American neo-noir action comedy film directed by Shane Black and written by Black and Anthony Bagarozzi . The film stars Russell Crowe , Ryan Gosling , Angourie Rice , Matt Bomer , Margaret Qualley , Keith David and Kim Basinger . Set in Los Angeles , 1977 , the film focuses on a private eye -LRB- Gosling -RRB- and a tough enforcer -LRB- Crowe -RRB- who team up to investigate the disappearance of a teenage girl . The Nice Guys premiered on May 15 , 2016 , at the 2016 Cannes Film Festival and was released by Warner Bros. . Pictures in the United States on May 20 , 2016 . It received positive reviews from critics but grossed just $ 57 million against its $ 50 million budget . |
REFUTES | Elizabeth Olsen is a mayor. | Elizabeth_Olsen | Elizabeth Chase `` Lizzie '' Olsen -LRB- born February 16 , 1989 -RRB- is an American actress . She is known for her roles in the films Silent House -LRB- 2011 -RRB- , Liberal Arts -LRB- 2012 -RRB- , Godzilla -LRB- 2014 -RRB- , Avengers : Age of Ultron -LRB- 2015 -RRB- and Captain America : Civil War -LRB- 2016 -RRB- . For her role in the critically acclaimed Martha Marcy May Marlene -LRB- 2011 -RRB- , she was nominated for numerous awards including the Independent Spirit Award for Best Female Lead . She is the younger sister of actresses and fashion designers Mary-Kate Olsen and Ashley Olsen . |
REFUTES | Kung Fu Panda was released in 2006. | Kung_Fu_Panda | Kung Fu Panda is a 2008 American computer-animated action comedy martial arts film produced by DreamWorks Animation and distributed by Paramount Pictures . It was directed by John Stevenson and Mark Osborne and produced by Melissa Cobb , and stars the voices of Jack Black , Dustin Hoffman , Angelina Jolie , Ian McShane , Seth Rogen , Lucy Liu , David Cross , Randall Duk Kim , James Hong , and Jackie Chan . Set in a version of ancient China populated by anthropomorphic talking animals , the plot revolves around a bumbling panda named Po who aspires to be a kung fu master . When an evil kung fu warrior is foretold to escape after twenty years in prison , Po is unwittingly named the chosen one destined to defeat him and bring peace to the land , much to the chagrin of the resident kung fu warriors . The idea for the film was conceived by Michael Lachance , a DreamWorks Animation executive . The film was originally intended to be a parody , but director Stevenson decided instead , to shoot an action comedy wuxia film that incorporates the hero 's journey narrative archetype for the lead character . The computer animation in the film was more complex than anything DreamWorks had done before . As with most DreamWorks animated films , Hans Zimmer -LRB- collaborating with John Powell this time -RRB- scored Kung Fu Panda . He visited China to absorb the culture and get to know the China National Symphony Orchestra as part of his preparation . A sequel , Kung Fu Panda 2 , was released on May 26 , 2011 , along with a television series , Kung Fu Panda : Legends of Awesomeness later that same year as a part of a franchise . A second sequel called Kung Fu Panda 3 was released on January 29 , 2016 . Kung Fu Panda premiered in the United States on June 6 , 2008 . The film received critical acclaim upon release . Kung Fu Panda opened in 4,114 theaters , grossing $ 20.3 million on its opening day and $ 60.2 million on its opening weekend , resulting in the number one position at the box office . The film became DreamWorks ' biggest opening for a non-sequel film , the highest grossing animated film of the year worldwide , and also had the fourth-largest opening weekend for a DreamWorks animated film at the American and Canadian box office , behind Shrek 2 , Shrek the Third , and Shrek Forever After . |
REFUTES | The Challenge: Rivals III is a stand-alone production. | The_Challenge-COLON-_Rivals_III | The Challenge : Rivals III is the 28th season of the MTV reality game show , The Challenge . Being the third in the Rivals series , Rivals III marks the show 's third trilogy -LRB- following the Inferno and Gauntlet series -RRB- , continuing on from the original Rivals and Rivals II . It was filmed in Huatulco , Mexico and Mendoza , Argentina during November and December 2015 , with former cast members from MTV 's Real World , The Challenge -LRB- Spring Break Challenge and Battle of the Bloodlines -RRB- , and Are You the One ? competing . This season marks the first since season 11 to not feature any original cast members from the Fresh Meat or Fresh Meat II challenges . Unlike the previous two installments of the Rivals series , which featured same-gender pairs , Rivals III saw a change in format , with male/female pairs that had bitter feuds , fights , or strained relationships in previous seasons of Real World , The Challenge , and Are You the One ? -LRB- similar to the Battle of the Exes series -RRB- . Unlike the other Rivals seasons , only the winning team from each week 's challenge was allowed to decide which team would face the last-place team in the elimination round . The season premiered on May 4 , 2016 , and concluded on August 3 , 2016 , with the Reunion special . Lisa Fletcher replaced longtime Challenge producer Justin Booth as executive producer this season . Booth had served as the executive producer since season 15 . |
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