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Photonic band-gap for a rectangular array of metallic rods
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The effects of electromagnetic distribution into layers made out of periodic metallic rods are studied numerically by the finite difference time domain approach (FDTD). Incident waves with TE and TM polarization are considered in their effect through the periodic structure. The transmitted Poynting vector spectra and its photonic band-gap are shown.
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Abstract We investigate non-reciprocal wave propagation in spatiotemporal phononic plates. Specifically, the first aim of this manuscript is to propose a general formulation of the Plane Wave Expansion Method (PWEM) that, in contrast with previous works, is applicable to any class of 2D spatiotemporal unit cells whose properties can be expanded in traveling plane waves. The second aim is to exploit this analysis tool in order to study a class of phononic materials capable of violating mirror symmetry in reciprocal space, therefore breaking reciprocity principle along different propagation directions in physical space. This is obtained by considering the plate elastic properties to be discretely modulated in space and continuously in time. Theoretical dispersion profiles are validated and compared with numerical simulations.
|
eng_Latn
| 144,221 |
ION-ION STREAMING INSTABILITY IN A HIGH BETA PLASMA
|
The criterion Vd/VA<(1+βe)1/2 for instability mentioned in the existing theories is based on the assumption βi《 1. The present study investigates the effects of finite βe and βi on the ion-ion streaming instability. It is found that within the domains under investigation in the parameter space the growth rate increases with the increase of βe. Moreover, the unstable region, as a function of the streaming velocity Vd/VA, becomes broader. On the other hand, when βi increases (for a given βe) the unstable region in the Vd/VA space becomes narrower.
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Tailoring the properties of an optical beam incident on a one dimensional metallic grating can attain a substantial control ::: over the excited surface plasmon polariton wave. In this work we derive the complete analytical relations between the ::: optical angles of incidence and the resulting surface plasmon propagation angle. These relations are demonstrated both ::: numerically and experimentally. Following we show that there is an optimal grating that can excite any surface plasmon ::: propagation angle between ±82.46 degrees and efficient polarization schemes which lead to negligible losses. Finally we ::: introduce a formalism that relates general surface plasmon beams to corresponding incident optical beams and using it ::: we demonstrate numerically a varying position surface plasmon hotspot generation.
|
yue_Hant
| 144,227 |
An apparatus for on-line measuring electric field intensity during microwave heating: a theoretical consideration
|
Summary ::: ::: A simple minimally perturbing method and an apparatus for on-line measuring the electric field (E-field) intensity at a particular small region, or a localized point in an electromagnetic field is described. The theoretical considerations and methodology for on-line measuring electric field intensity are presented. They are based on measurement of the differential heating of the temperature rise using a fiberoptic temperature sensor at which a selected droplet of dielectric medium is dissipated in an electromagnetic field. The performance of the apparatus was examined and verified from power dissipation calculations of the water load. There was good agreement between the experimental and predicted value of average water temperature based on electric field on-line measurement.
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This paper describes a novel technique for studying structure-transport correlations in nanoscale multilayer thin films. Here, local current-voltage characteristics from simplified magnetic tunnel junctions are measured in situ on cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy (TEM) samples and correlated directly with TEM images of the microstructure at the tunneling site. It is found that local variations in barrier properties can be detected by a point probe method, and that the tunneling barrier height and width can be extracted.
|
eng_Latn
| 144,251 |
The method for producing a transparent composite sheet
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Glass cloth as well as low thermal expansion coefficient by compounding, unevenness reflecting the fiber shape of the glass cloth to obtain a transparent composite sheet hardly occurs on the surface. Transparent composite sheet 1 according to the present invention has first and second surfaces 1a, 1b facing each other. Transparent composite sheet 1 according to the present invention contains a transparent resin cured product, and a glass cloth embedded in the transparent resin cured product. In transparent composite sheet 1 according to the present invention, the amplitude of surface irregularities which match the warp or the cycle of the weft of the glass cloth of the sheet surface is a 0.5~5μm in the first face 1a, the second face 1b in is 0.4μm or less. .FIELD 1
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Nanocomposite films of highly ordered magnetic nanowires embedded in anodic aluminum oxide templates were fabricated and magneto-optical properties were studied. Following our previous work, studies on Co nanowire arrays were carried out, where the MO properties in relationship with nanowire lengths and diameters were investigated. The results were found to be considerably different from corresponding bulk metal. We demonstrated that the Faraday effect was a convenient and useful probe for the study of the magnetic properties of these semitransparent nanocomposite films. A preliminary study on the photon energy dependence of the magneto-optical properties of Fe nanowire arrays was also conducted in the visible spectrum regime.
|
eng_Latn
| 144,257 |
Specular Reflection from a Rough Surface
|
The rough surface of a ground glass plate generally gives a diffuse reflection. However, if light from an object is incident on it at a low enough grazing angle, the rough surface behaves like an optically plane surface and causes specular reflection of the incident light, producing a reflected image of the object. A reflected image is obtained from the rough surface of a ground glass plate.
|
We study the photorefractive self-action of light beams within an iron-doped planar optical waveguide in lithium niobate biased by external electric field, to find the conditions for the formation of quasisteady-state screening-photovoltaic spatial solitons. Their formation is expected to take much shorter time compared with the steady-state photovoltaic solitons.
|
eng_Latn
| 144,265 |
Optically transparent patch antennas based on silver nanowires for mm-wave applications
|
Flexible transparent conductive materials based on silver nanowire networks: a review
|
What is vestibular papillomatosis? A study of its prevalence, aetiology and natural history
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eng_Latn
| 144,283 |
In concetion with diffraction gratings
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Diffraction occurs. \n\nAlso constructive and destructive interference occurs due to the difracted light reaching a screen at different intervals depending on the wavelength and time taken for the light to reach a screen.\n\nThis causes a pattern of multiple rings, increasing in size.
|
Physics -Graduate School - students - programs - advice - resources Graduate Students \nOffers advice and studying tips for the Physics GRE. Guide to ... Getting into the Best Grad School- Prepa...Colleges and Universities in the USA - G...gradschool.about.com/od/physics \nPhysics & Astronomy|Academics| Millikin University \nStudying physics will train you to think critically and to analyze and solve ... as certain upper-level courses in other areas (biology courses for a student ...www.millikin.edu/physics/prospective.asp
|
eng_Latn
| 144,312 |
what is meant by critical angle?
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The critical angle is the minimum angle of incidence inside a medium at which a light ray is reflected back into the the medium. When light is incident on the surface of the medium past the critical angle the light is totally reflected back into the medium.
|
The critical angle of reflection is another key concept in the study of light refraction and is illustrated below in Figure 4. When light passes through a medium of high refractive index into a medium of lower refractive index, the incident angle of the light waves becomes an important factor.
|
eng_Latn
| 144,315 |
We give an easy proof of Sch\"utzenberger's Theorem stating that non-commutative formal power series are rational if and only if they are recognisable. A byproduct of this proof is a natural metric on a subgroup of invertible rational non-commutative power series. We describe a few features of this metric group.
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We define recurrence matrices and study a few properties (links with automatic sequences, branch groups etc.) of them.
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Bayesian approach remained rather unsuccessful in treating nonparametric problems. This is primarily due to the difficulty in finding workable prior distribution on the parameter space , which in nonparametric problems is taken to be a set of probability distributions on a given sample space. Two Desirable Properties of a Prior 1. The support of the prior should be large. 2. Posterior distribution given a sample of observation should be manageable analytically. These properties are antagonistic : One may be obtained at the expense of other.
|
eng_Latn
| 144,322 |
Connections between diagonal stability and the secant condition for cyclic systems
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We consider a class of systems with a cyclic interconnection structure that arises, among other examples, in dynamic models for certain biochemical reactions. We first show that a "secant condition" for stability, derived earlier in the literature, is in fact a necessary and sufficient condition for diagonal stability of the corresponding class of matrices. We then revisit a recent generalization of this criterion to output strictly passive systems, and recover the same stability condition using our diagonal stability result as a tool for constructing a Lyapunov function. Using this procedure for Lyapunov construction we exhibit classes of cyclic systems with sector nonlinearities and characterize their global stability properties.
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In this paper, we investigate ${\mathcal F}$-hypercyclicity of linear, not necessarily continuous, operators on Fr\' echet spaces. The notion of lower $(m_{n})$-hypercyclicity seems to be new and not considered elsewhere even for linear continuous operators acting on Fr\' echet spaces. We pay special attention to the study of $q$-frequent hypercyclicity, where $q\geq 1$ is an arbitrary real number. We present several new concepts and results for lower and upper densities in a separate section, providing also a great number of illustrative examples and open problems.
|
eng_Latn
| 144,336 |
Long-term changes in the numbers of the barbastelle Barbastella barbastellus in Poland
|
A b s t r a c t . In order to identify population trends in Barbastella barbastellus in Poland we summarised results of long-term winter bat counts conducted between 1985 and 2004 in seven of the most important hibernacula of the species. The results show an upward trend in four of the sites while in the remaining four no trend was found. The numbers of barbastelles in Poland seem stable or even increasing. In Central Europe the species is not threatened as seriously as it is in Western Europe.
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We study multiple orthogonal polynomials of Meixner-Pollaczek type with respect to a symmetric system of two orthogonality measures. Our main result is that the limiting distribution of the zeros of these polynomials is one component of the solution to a constrained vector equilibrium problem. We also provide a Rodrigues formula and closed expressions for the recurrence coefficients. The proof of the main result follows from a connection with the eigenvalues of block Toeplitz matrices, for which we provide some general results of independent interest. ::: The motivation for this paper is the study of a model in statistical mechanics, the so-called six-vertex model with domain wall boundary conditions, in a particular regime known as the free fermion line. We show how the multiple Meixner-Pollaczek polynomials arise in an inhomogeneous version of this model.
|
eng_Latn
| 144,339 |
Peroxiredoxins in Regulation of MAPK Signalling Pathways; Sensors and Barriers to Signal Transduction
|
Peroxiredoxins are highly conserved and abundant peroxidases. Although the thioredoxin peroxidase activity of peroxiredoxin (Prx) is important to maintain low levels of endogenous hydrogen peroxide, Prx have also been shown to promote hydrogen peroxide-mediated signalling. Mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) signalling pathways mediate cellular responses to a variety of stimuli, including reactive oxygen species (ROS). Here we review the evidence that Prx can act as both sensors and barriers to the activation of MAPK and discuss the underlying mechanisms involved, focusing in particular on the relationship with thioredoxin.
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We study multiple orthogonal polynomials of Meixner-Pollaczek type with respect to a symmetric system of two orthogonality measures. Our main result is that the limiting distribution of the zeros of these polynomials is one component of the solution to a constrained vector equilibrium problem. We also provide a Rodrigues formula and closed expressions for the recurrence coefficients. The proof of the main result follows from a connection with the eigenvalues of block Toeplitz matrices, for which we provide some general results of independent interest. ::: The motivation for this paper is the study of a model in statistical mechanics, the so-called six-vertex model with domain wall boundary conditions, in a particular regime known as the free fermion line. We show how the multiple Meixner-Pollaczek polynomials arise in an inhomogeneous version of this model.
|
eng_Latn
| 144,346 |
Two-year results of a treat-and-extend regimen with aflibercept for polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy
|
Purpose ::: To evaluate the effects of aflibercept therapy using a treat-and-extend regimen on treatment-naive polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV).
|
We study multiple orthogonal polynomials of Meixner-Pollaczek type with respect to a symmetric system of two orthogonality measures. Our main result is that the limiting distribution of the zeros of these polynomials is one component of the solution to a constrained vector equilibrium problem. We also provide a Rodrigues formula and closed expressions for the recurrence coefficients. The proof of the main result follows from a connection with the eigenvalues of block Toeplitz matrices, for which we provide some general results of independent interest. ::: The motivation for this paper is the study of a model in statistical mechanics, the so-called six-vertex model with domain wall boundary conditions, in a particular regime known as the free fermion line. We show how the multiple Meixner-Pollaczek polynomials arise in an inhomogeneous version of this model.
|
eng_Latn
| 144,352 |
Ligand rotamers and redox isomerism: metallo-pseudo-prolines
|
A ligand rotation which orientates the oxygen atom of an amide group towards or away from a neighbouring metal centre provides rotamers A and B with E° potentials which differ by 150 mV; oxidation of the metal centre of B switches the system from a state in which there is a small difference in the relative populations of the rotamers to one in which the cis-amide conformation greatly predominates; this new metallocycle system can be viewed as a pseudo-proline with redox sensitive rotameric properties.
|
We study multiple orthogonal polynomials of Meixner-Pollaczek type with respect to a symmetric system of two orthogonality measures. Our main result is that the limiting distribution of the zeros of these polynomials is one component of the solution to a constrained vector equilibrium problem. We also provide a Rodrigues formula and closed expressions for the recurrence coefficients. The proof of the main result follows from a connection with the eigenvalues of block Toeplitz matrices, for which we provide some general results of independent interest. ::: The motivation for this paper is the study of a model in statistical mechanics, the so-called six-vertex model with domain wall boundary conditions, in a particular regime known as the free fermion line. We show how the multiple Meixner-Pollaczek polynomials arise in an inhomogeneous version of this model.
|
eng_Latn
| 144,357 |
The two-body random spin ensemble and a new type of quantum phase transition
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We study in this paper the properties of a two-body random matrix ensemble for distinguishable spins. We require the ensemble to be invariant under the group of local transformations and analyze a parametrization in terms of the group parameters and the remaining parameters associated with the 'entangling' part of the interaction. We then specialize to a spin chain with nearest-neighbour interactions and numerically find a new type of quantum-phase transition related to the strength of a random external field, i.e. the time-reversal-breaking one-body interaction term.
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We study the Darboux integrability of the Moon–Rand polynomial differential system. Moreover we study the limit cycles of the perturbed Moon–Rand system bifurcating from the equilibrium point located at the origin, when it is perturbed inside the class of all quadratic polynomial differential systems in R3, and we prove that at first order in the perturbation parameter e the perturbed system can exhibit one limit cycle, and that at second order it can exhibit four limit cycles bifurcating from the origin. We provide explicit expressions of these limit cycles up to order O(e2).
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eng_Latn
| 144,359 |
INTERMITTENCY, PHASE RANDOMIZATION AND GENERALIZED FRACTAL DIMENSIONS
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The procedure of Fourier phase randomization has been repeatedly proposed for distinguishing low-dimensional chaos from noise in a measured time series. Here we extend the use of this method and we show that phase randomization is a necessary step for assessing the presence of intermittency in a stochastic and/or turbulent system. This procedure allows us to distinguish between linear and nonlinear signals as well. As an example of application of this approach, we study the time series of positions of passively advected particles in 2D turbulence and we show that their apparent multifractality is not associated with intermittency. The results discussed here confirm the importance of understanding the phase spectrum, and of developing appropriate measures of the phase distribution, in the study of nonlinear systems.
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Let W be a UHF algebra and sQ(D) the disk algebra. If W = [U,ll >1 I ]Jand a is a product-type automorphism of W which leaves each 21,, invariant, then a defines an embedding t1 2>(D) n+ 1 D The inductive limit of this system is a Banach algebra whose maximal ideal space is closely related to that of the disk algebra if the Connes spectrum F(a) is finite.
|
yue_Hant
| 144,361 |
Missing data is an inevitable problem in wireless sensor network and the way missing values are handled can significantly affect the analysis results involving such data. To address data missing issues, spatial correlation and temporal correlation modeling can be applied. This paper aims at reviewing some popular spatial and temporal correlation based methods. The proposed review includes a critical overview through a summary of pros and cons of these methods and a comparison between them based on simulation results. To our best knowledge, there is no such comparative benchmarking study in the current literature.
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Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have attracted many researchers in the past few years due to their applicability for a wide-range of applications. WSNs rely on unreliable sensing schemes in which a sensor might lose some data due to the inherent characteristics of such networks. Estimating missing values that cope with other collected ones is crucial for some applications. In this paper, we introduced a framework dedicated to predicting missing values in WSNs. The key idea is to estimate missing values according to the natural spread (i.e. dispersion) of the guilty sensors. The framework considers cases in which distance and time play a significant role in estimating missing values. Thus, accurate values might be generated as compared to state-of-the-art central tendency measurements such as mean, median, mode, and midrange.
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With the accelerated process of economic globalization, inter-regional linkages are becoming closer, exchanges become more frequent, spill over effects of public services are increasing day by day. In this paper, the author analyzes the level of public services in the provinces spatial correlation by using the theory of spatial economics. The results indicate that the level of the supply of public service has a strong spatial correlation.
|
eng_Latn
| 144,387 |
The success rate of entrepreneurs is very subjective and objective in nature because of the parameter to measure success is contentious. Literally, studies have argued for and against the relationship between demographic factors and entrepreneurs’ performance at their enterprises but there is no consensus among scholars on the specific determinants of entrepreneurs’ success. In order to explore on these controversies, this study was guided by human capital theory. Secondary information through extensive literature review was carried out by the researcher, while content analysis was utilised to explain the phenomena understudy. Thus, the finding is inconclusive, therefore future empirical studies are recommended to investigate the relationship between education, training, and experience on entrepreneurial success.
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This study attempts to establish the link between work-life balance and adaptive performance among technopreneurs in Lagos State, Nigeria. A survey research design was used for the study with the application of research instruments. Sample size of one hundred respondents was determined with the combination of purposive and stratified random sampling techniques across the three (3) major technologies market in Lagos State, Nigeria. Collected data were analysed descriptively and inferentially. Three research hypotheses were formulated and tested using Pearson moment product of correlation and regression analysis.
|
this failure of Europanization in these countries is correlated with the preferences of the ruling elites in these countries.
|
eng_Latn
| 144,419 |
This paper studies the stability of dc microgrids in the plane. We determine exact conditions for the existence of equilibrium points in the first quadrant and classify these equilibrium according to the stability. Our study is limited to dc microgrids with two constant power devices under a masterslave control strategy. Each of these constant power devices could generate or demand energy. We demonstrate there is only one equilibrium point in the former case whereas there are several equilibrium points in the latter case. Numerical simulations complement the theoretical results.
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Most discussions about ac versus dc electricity include a retelling of the famous technical and commercial battle between Edison and Westinghouse/Tesla. It's a story about everything from electrocuting elephants at state fairs to the ambitious work of electrifying both urban and rural America. It's the tale of one of man's greatest engineering feats. It tells of a centralized power generation system based on the dominant use of incandescent light bulbs and ac constant-speed motors. In the end though, it is a retelling of history and unfortunately, it is a history that doesn't project.
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Workers face a trade-off between macroeconomic and individual incentives to work in different occupations/industries; namely, between search frictions and personal comparative advantages. Workers endowed with heterogeneous multi-dimensional skills search for jobs that require different skill combinations. In equilibrium, specialized individuals contact few, selected types of vacancies, where they are likely to be hired; those with weak comparative advantages are seldom chosen among competing applicants, thus seek any job type. In a tight labour market, comparative advantages dominate waiting costs: offsetting labour mobility across industries/occupations—Excess Worker Reallocation—is lower and matches are more successful, consistently with direct and indirect evidence.
|
eng_Latn
| 144,424 |
Resumen en: This paper describes the global knowledge economy (the k-economy), comprised by: 1) open source knowledge flows; and 2) commercial markets in intellectua...
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Universities play an important role in the economic development - knowledge economy. Previous studies proposition that universities significantly contribute to the economic development of the countries. Countries implement policies to efficiently connect higher education and the economy. This study explores the relationships between the university performances measured by the world university rankings and the gross domestic product. We employed the data from the World Bank and two university rankings for a period of 2011-2016. We ran correlation analysis followed by t-test analysis for confirming the linear and non-linear relationship. For robustness, we used chi-squared test for independence. The result shows there is a positive non-linear relationship between university performances and GDP. Indicators for citation and research suggests the quality of the research matters more than the mere research and publications. We may conclude that the “research quality” of the university intensive in researching can contribute indirectly to the economic development of the countries.
|
Berzelius failed to make use of Faraday's electrochemical laws in his laborious determination of equivalent weights.
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eng_Latn
| 144,430 |
Industrial structure rationalization is an important content in the study of industrial structure. Through the analysis on the existing variable definition of industrial structure rationalization, the paper firstly gives a new definition which includes three features of relativity, dynamic and permitting, then the author construct a permitting space subject to the general supply of a rational industrial structure. Finally, it discusses the reciprocal relations between the foresaid two things.
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Rationality of the industrial structure is the essence of the economic development, as well as the key to promote the sustainable, steady, and harmonious development of the economy. Guided by the Scientific Development Concept and Sustainable Development Theory, this article has probed into the building of a rational evaluating index system of the industrial structure. It proposes a reasonable choice criterion of the industrial structure, which is based on the sustainable development with the coordination of “economy, society, resources, environment, and technology”. Accordingly, a set of rationale evaluating index system is designed, laying the foundation for the overall evaluation and measurement of the rationality level of the regional industrial structure.
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Rationality of the industrial structure is the essence of the economic development, as well as the key to promote the sustainable, steady, and harmonious development of the economy. Guided by the Scientific Development Concept and Sustainable Development Theory, this article has probed into the building of a rational evaluating index system of the industrial structure. It proposes a reasonable choice criterion of the industrial structure, which is based on the sustainable development with the coordination of “economy, society, resources, environment, and technology”. Accordingly, a set of rationale evaluating index system is designed, laying the foundation for the overall evaluation and measurement of the rationality level of the regional industrial structure.
|
eng_Latn
| 144,436 |
The Capital Flow between Network Virtual Economy and Realistic Economy——An Analysis based upon the Risk Premium
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This paper find the most important link between virtual and realistic world are people,environment and capital flows.We discuss the influential factors and mechanisms of arbitrage capital flow between virtual and realistic world.The paper also gives a number of suggestions about how to avoid negative impact of arbitrage capital,and maintain virtual economy's long-term stability and healthy development.
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This article addresses the question regarding the ability of the Andean Multinational Enterprises for fostering intraregional inward investment within the pale of the Andean Community of Nations. The deficiencies in the philosophy behind the regime, inspired by the Regional Industrialisation Programme Model (RIPM), the insufficiency of the benefits, and the rigor of the requirements have conduced to an impairment of the regional scheme. This paper explores these problems studying the main characteristics of the transnational Andean corporations, assessing the role of the RIPM in the decay of the regime, and proposing a reform that moulds a new policy of business facilitation for regional investors. Fecha de recepcion: 15 de abril de 2005
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eng_Latn
| 144,458 |
Strategic Change: A Study of TQM and Innovation
|
This paper discusses the idea of strategic change with context to TQM & Innovation. As strategic change consists of continuous change and discontinuous change, so that’s why we analysed both because these are the emergent factor of total quality management and innovation. It also explains the process that how the organizations adopt innovation and TQM. This study describes the relationship between Strategic Change, Innovation, and Total Quality Management. This study provides proves from the literature that these three factors have strong affiliation with each and other and also provides prove that the adoption Of Innovation and TQM is very crucial in Modern era.
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By introducing district information of sections in sample,this paper uses Spatial Durbin Model to test spatial spillovers of FDI to Chinese Malmquist productivity.The result shows FDI has positive spillovers of intra-region but negative spillovers of inter-region.Summing spillovers of intra-and inter-region,the net effect of FDI has weakened Malmquist productivity.The spatial extension of FDI's spillovers is very weak,only the nearest neighbors of first order get marked spillovers.
|
eng_Latn
| 144,468 |
Discussion on the Construction of the Economizing-type University Library
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This paper analyzes on the present situation of construction and utilization of the library,expounds the concrete suggestions on constructing the economizing-type library,and advances some relevant measures for constructing the economizing-type library.
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In the 21st century, knowledge is the mainstream of the era, intellectual capital has began to play an increasingly important role. Using the data envelopment analysis, the paper assessed the efficiency of intellectual capital in China transportation equipment manufacturing companies. The study shows that about two fifths of the company in the industry is located in efficiency, and there is the room for improvement in the others. The intellectual capital management efficiency of the aerospace equipment manufacturing enterprises is low.
|
eng_Latn
| 144,472 |
The study of Wanjiang region high-tech industrial technological innovation efficiency based on the DEA method
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Technological innovation is effective way to realize regional great-leap-forward development. The development of efficiency to technological innovation has important significance. This paper use DEA theory from a multi-factor input and output angle to analyze the high-tech industrial technology innovation efficiency of Wanjiang nine cities. The result shows that although Wanjiang region technological innovation efficiency has been increased, but the DEA effective willfulness is not high. Analysis found that the regional R&D manpower shortage and exist R&D expenditures problems such as unreasonable, etc. Based on this, we put forward a suggestion which can improve high-tech industrial technology innovation efficiency in Wanjiang region.
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As an Anhui-born writer who adhered to realism,Wu Zuxiang displayed to the readers a picture of economically depressed and morally deteriorated rural society in southern Anhui province in the 1930s China,describing the diversified images of bankrupted farmers struggling and resisting in tribulation.Wu was deeply sympathetic with the farmers.In his writing,it is implied that the old society was doomed to die out.
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eng_Latn
| 144,473 |
Modeling in Applied Environmental Sciences — Forecasting, Analysis and Scenarios
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In this and the following chapter, we consider applications of quasi-realistic environmental models. Chapter 5 deals with applied research, and Chap. 6 with fundamental research. Of course the border line between applied and fundamental research is far from rigid. For us, applied environmental research is driven by the quest for knowledge about the present and future state of a system. Thus forecasting and scenario building are in the realm of applied research. Fundamental environmental research, on the other hand, is driven by the quest for understanding a system. How does a system function? What are its significant constituents? Thus derivation and confirmation of hypotheses are typical applications in fundamental research. Obviously not all scientific applications of quasi-realistic models may be consistently classified into these two categories (see Fig. 1.13).
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Advanced manufacturing continues to be an important sector for emerging and industrialized economies, therefore, remaining an important topic for economic geography education. This article describes a case study created for the Association of American Geographer's Center for Global Geography Education and its implementation. The international machine tool industry is particularly useful for introducing students to the regional impacts of broader economic processes.
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eng_Latn
| 144,474 |
Competition in the German Interurban Bus Industry: A Snapshot Two Years after Liberalization
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We study competition in the German interurban bus industry two years after its liberalization in January 2013. In addition to a brief characterization of the liberalization process and several general market developments, we provide a detailed analysis of selected market characteristics such as concentration and competitive interaction, fares as well as service quality. We use the gained insights to discuss two recent policy issues - industry consolidation and possible abuses of market power by incumbents - and derive several recommendations to secure effective competition in the industry.
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This paper is about location decisions of Creative Industries and the role played by existent spatial distribution and agglomeration economies of these kinds of activities in order to analyse their location determinants. Our main statistical source is the REIC (Catalan Manufacturing Establishments Register), which has plant-level microdata on location of new plants. Using Count Data Models, our main results show that location determinants are quite similar between both industries and also both non-creative and creative firms are positively influenced by the specialisation level in Creative Industries of municipalities. Moreover, our results provide evidence that the unobserved ‘creative milieu’ has a limited impact on attracting firms. Keywords: creative industries, creative milieu, count data models, industrial location, agglomeration economies
|
eng_Latn
| 144,479 |
Social capital, decision-making and capital resource acquisition: a case study of Pakistani immigrants in Gauteng
|
A research report submitted to the Faculty of Commerce, Law and Management, University of Witwatersrand, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Management specialising in Entrepreneurship and New Venture Creation, 2019
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The port economy is the important motivation of economic development in a district.The strength,weakness,opportunity and threat of Chongqing port are analyzed with economic development by applying the model of SWOT,and the homologous suggestion is put forward: aiming at accelerating port cluster development along the "three rivers".
|
eng_Latn
| 144,484 |
Visual Components of Print Advertising: the U.S. and Korea
|
This study analyses magazine advertisements from the US and Korea to identify crosscultural similarities and differences in the visual appeal. Specific hypotheses are examined regarding: elements of the visual, the process of visual appeal, and people in the visual.
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This paper is about location decisions of Creative Industries and the role played by existent spatial distribution and agglomeration economies of these kinds of activities in order to analyse their location determinants. Our main statistical source is the REIC (Catalan Manufacturing Establishments Register), which has plant-level microdata on location of new plants. Using Count Data Models, our main results show that location determinants are quite similar between both industries and also both non-creative and creative firms are positively influenced by the specialisation level in Creative Industries of municipalities. Moreover, our results provide evidence that the unobserved ‘creative milieu’ has a limited impact on attracting firms. Keywords: creative industries, creative milieu, count data models, industrial location, agglomeration economies
|
eng_Latn
| 144,503 |
Relationship between Import Trade and GRP in Shaanxi Province
|
Based on the statistics of Shaanxi Province from 1985 to 2006,we study the relationship between the import trade and economic growth by using Cointegration Analysis.The results show as follows:seen from a long term,the impact of economic growth on the import is much larger than that of the import on economic growth.Eventually the author put forward the multi-policies implementations such as intensifying spatial expansion of import trade,optimizing the structure of product importation,pushing the processing trade and absorbing the foreign capital mutual promotion to fulfill the sustainable developments of import trade in Shaanxi Province.
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In this paper,an econometric model on prices of Shanghai commercial residence houses over the last ten years is adopted,based on new classical economic theory.The model illustrates that among all the driving forces of the price,the increase of economic growth and the actual interest rate are not as significant as supposed.Instead,it is the rise of people's accumulated disposable income and the upgrade of supply mix towards mid-and-high-end market that pull the price up.
|
eng_Latn
| 144,510 |
Effect of landscape features on the relationship between Ixodes ricinus ticks and their small mammal hosts
|
Background ::: The consequences of land use changes are among the most cited causes of emerging infectious diseases because they can modify the ecology and transmission of pathogens. This is particularly true for vector-borne diseases which depend on abiotic (e.g. climate) and biotic conditions (i.e. hosts and vectors). In this study, we investigated how landscape features affect the abundances of small mammals and Ixodes ricinus ticks, and how they influence their relationship.
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This paper is about location decisions of Creative Industries and the role played by existent spatial distribution and agglomeration economies of these kinds of activities in order to analyse their location determinants. Our main statistical source is the REIC (Catalan Manufacturing Establishments Register), which has plant-level microdata on location of new plants. Using Count Data Models, our main results show that location determinants are quite similar between both industries and also both non-creative and creative firms are positively influenced by the specialisation level in Creative Industries of municipalities. Moreover, our results provide evidence that the unobserved ‘creative milieu’ has a limited impact on attracting firms. Keywords: creative industries, creative milieu, count data models, industrial location, agglomeration economies
|
eng_Latn
| 144,523 |
Fostering support for non-democratic rule?
|
When the Cold War ended, many non-democratic regimes across the globe embarked on a course of controlled political liberalization, hoping to stabilize their autocratic rule by mitigating popular demands for democratization and increasing regime legitimacy. But does this strategy actually work? This article uses multi-level analyses to examine how the degree of political liberalization affects regime support in non-democratic political systems and to ascertain which mechanisms underlie this effect. Drawing on aggregate measures of political liberalization and comparative survey data from four regional survey projects and 31 non-democracies, the study’s results indicate that the degree of liberalization has no decisively positive effect on regime support, suggesting controlled political liberalization might not be an effective legitimizing strategy after all.
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A standard Ak-model of endogenous growth has been extended to allow for an intertemporal conflict between capitalists and workers. For the dynamic game thus obtained, an equilibrium solution in feedback Nash (Markovian) strategies have been computed. However, many equilibria in trigger strategies can dominate the former. There are dominating strategies that depend on the country-specific bargaining power of the workers versus capitalists; they are both Pareto optimal and subgame perfect. This provides an explanation why countries, which are completely identical in preferences, technology and factor endowments, can experience different long-term growth rates.
|
eng_Latn
| 144,526 |
ACCOUNTING FOR INCREASING LAND-LABOUR RATIOS IN DEVELOPED COUNTRY AGRICULTURE
|
This paper investigates the causes of past increases in land-labour ratios and farm size by attempting to determine the contributions of factor substitution and technical change. The role of technical change in agricultural development has attracted considerable attention in development circles for some years. More recently, technical change versus factor substitution has become an issue in the US agricultural economics literature. The conventional approach followed in this study leads to the conclusion that in US wheat production the considerable increase in land-labour ratios is attributable to biased technical change rather than factor substitution.
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This paper is about location decisions of Creative Industries and the role played by existent spatial distribution and agglomeration economies of these kinds of activities in order to analyse their location determinants. Our main statistical source is the REIC (Catalan Manufacturing Establishments Register), which has plant-level microdata on location of new plants. Using Count Data Models, our main results show that location determinants are quite similar between both industries and also both non-creative and creative firms are positively influenced by the specialisation level in Creative Industries of municipalities. Moreover, our results provide evidence that the unobserved ‘creative milieu’ has a limited impact on attracting firms. Keywords: creative industries, creative milieu, count data models, industrial location, agglomeration economies
|
yue_Hant
| 144,527 |
Research on formation mechanism of coupled disaster risk
|
This paper systematically introduces the basic theory of coupled disaster risk.Definition of coupled disaster risk was first given,then,based on disaster system theory and disaster risk assessment theory,the classification of coupled disaster risk was discussed,and the coupled effects were analyzed from three perspectives of the correlation,forces' composition and risk matrix.Then,formation mechanism of the coupled disaster risk was discussed by triggers in physics,and the coupled effects and formation mechanism were illustrated,respectively.The complete basic theory on coupled disaster risk not only lays the theoretical foundation for the further study of coupled risk assessment,but also provides the countermeasures and suggestions for disaster prevention and mitigation,i.e.,strong coupled effects should be turned into zero coupled effects or weak coupled effects through fundamental removing or weakening the conditions of coupled risk.
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This paper presents a simple general equilibrium model in which unemployed workers search for jobs and vacant firms search for employees. Formally, the author develops a two-sector, constrained efficient version of the Diamond-Mortensen-Pissarides matching model of trade coordination. This approach to modeling factor market search appears promising since its algebraic development parallels Ronald W. Jones's treatment of the two-sector model of production, and the latter framework underlies most applied general equilibrium analyses. Some illustrative short-run and steady-state results are presented concerning the behavior of open and closed economies that exhibit unemployment and vacancies. Copyright 1990 by University of Chicago Press.
|
eng_Latn
| 144,528 |
Are locus of control and depression related
|
39 inpatients at a private psychiatric hospital were administered the Rotter Locus of Control Scales and the MMPI. External locus of control was compared for groups using multiple definitions of depression. Generally, comparisons did not support the hypothesis that depressed individuals are more external and the direction of the scores suggests the results of any given study may depend on the type of depressed individuals in the samples. The above results, the correlations between locus of control and the MMPI scales, and a review of the literature suggest types or degree of depression may have different dynamics and some types may be related to locus of control while other types of depression are not related to locus of control.
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This paper is about location decisions of Creative Industries and the role played by existent spatial distribution and agglomeration economies of these kinds of activities in order to analyse their location determinants. Our main statistical source is the REIC (Catalan Manufacturing Establishments Register), which has plant-level microdata on location of new plants. Using Count Data Models, our main results show that location determinants are quite similar between both industries and also both non-creative and creative firms are positively influenced by the specialisation level in Creative Industries of municipalities. Moreover, our results provide evidence that the unobserved ‘creative milieu’ has a limited impact on attracting firms. Keywords: creative industries, creative milieu, count data models, industrial location, agglomeration economies
|
eng_Latn
| 144,535 |
Industrial cluster Technological Innvovation and Region Economy Growth
|
Industrial cluster boosts economic growth on the basis of economy of scale and economy of scope and government can play an important role in the formation and the development of industrial cluster.This paper focuses on the relationship between industrial cluster,technological invovation and economic growth with a case study on Xiaolan Zhongshan City.
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The article considers the influence of the integration of educational and ::: production institutions and organizations on the activation of investment ::: processes in an agro-industrial complex. The following activities are ::: highlighted: additional language classes in higher education institutions for ::: the purpose of students’ further training and production practice abroad; ::: enhanced participation of the producers in the educational process; ::: development of academic exchange and student mobility.
|
eng_Latn
| 144,543 |
THE ANDEAN MULTINATIONAL ENTERPRISE REGIME: EMERGENCE, DECAY, AND REFORM
|
This article addresses the question regarding the ability of the Andean Multinational Enterprises for fostering intraregional inward investment within the pale of the Andean Community of Nations. The deficiencies in the philosophy behind the regime, inspired by the Regional Industrialisation Programme Model (RIPM), the insufficiency of the benefits, and the rigor of the requirements have conduced to an impairment of the regional scheme. This paper explores these problems studying the main characteristics of the transnational Andean corporations, assessing the role of the RIPM in the decay of the regime, and proposing a reform that moulds a new policy of business facilitation for regional investors. Fecha de recepcion: 15 de abril de 2005
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This paper is about location decisions of Creative Industries and the role played by existent spatial distribution and agglomeration economies of these kinds of activities in order to analyse their location determinants. Our main statistical source is the REIC (Catalan Manufacturing Establishments Register), which has plant-level microdata on location of new plants. Using Count Data Models, our main results show that location determinants are quite similar between both industries and also both non-creative and creative firms are positively influenced by the specialisation level in Creative Industries of municipalities. Moreover, our results provide evidence that the unobserved ‘creative milieu’ has a limited impact on attracting firms. Keywords: creative industries, creative milieu, count data models, industrial location, agglomeration economies
|
yue_Hant
| 144,548 |
The role of infrastructure in macroeconomic growth theories
|
Investment in infrastructure is widely regarded as promoting economic growth. Moreover, infrastructure has a critical and often irreversible role in locking in patterns of development. Therefore, it is surprising that macroeconomic growth theories do not explicitly incorporate the notion of infrastructure systems. This lacuna is studied here, exploring the mechanisms via which infrastructure can impact an economy's growth rate and how these mechanisms may be represented in existing macroeconomic growth theories. We confirm the important role of transport and digital communications infrastructure in reducing the cost of trade, thereby facilitating economies of scale as well as knowledge accumulation. We also consider the limiting effect that inadequate infrastructure can have on economic growth. Some, but not all, economic functions of infrastructure can be represented in current macroeconomic models due to their inherently non-spatial nature: Romer models include knowledge accumulation and energy economic...
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Construction conditions of functional region for grain production were investigated and construction achievements in Huzhou City since 2010 were summarized. There were many difficulties identified in this study: appropriate regions selection, fund raising, subject cultivation and follow-up management in the process of construction. According to the existing problems, some strategies were proposed,for example, to strengthen the leadership and cooperation among the government multi-branches, to integrate resource and increase investment from government, to perfect the mating facilities and improve service quality for the functional region, and to establish the innovative mechanism and strengthen the follow-up management.
|
eng_Latn
| 144,551 |
Growth determinants in the regions of the EEC—An empirical study
|
Reported here are results of an empirical analysis of regional growth in the European Economic Community for the period 1950–75. Data limitations ruled out the specification of a formal regional growth model. Accordingly the analysis is limited to the testing of various hypotheses of growth determinants using multiple regression analysis. The analysis was applied to GDP per capita data for 74 regions. A clear and consistent pattern of convergence was found. Significant growth determinants included economic structure, urbanization and centrality. The sunbelt hypothesis was confounded. Regional policy subsidies were not significant. The most important individual determinant was the growth of the rest of the state in which the region was located although there was a progressive weakening of this effect over time. The results allow for interesting comparisons with similar studies of State growth in the U.S.
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The competitiveness of a country, besides the quantity and quality of factors of production, is largely dependent on institutional factors. It is not surprising therefore that the alteration of formal institutions (e.g. laws, measures, policies etc.) is a hot topic nowadays. But it is important to note that the efficiency of formal institutions is based on informal ones. Traditions of a country, culture, the values of the people are all factors that fundamentally affect the functioning of explicitly recorded, and so easily changeable formal rules. Measures taken to enhance the competiveness of a country often fail to have any noticeable effect, because they don’t harmonise with the value system or traditions of the people. The paper provides a short overview on the connection of values and economic performance, then considers the possible efficiency of a few economic policy instruments recently suggested by experts.
|
eng_Latn
| 144,553 |
Income and Wealth Distribution in a Neoclassical Two-Sector Heterogeneous-Households Growth Model with Elastic Labor Supply and Consumer Durable Goods
|
This paper proposes a two-sector two-group growth model with elastic labor supply and consumer durable goods. We study dynamics of wealth and income distribution in a competitive economy with capital accumulation as the main engine of economic growth. The model is built on the Uzawa two-sector model. It is also influenced by the neoclassical growth theory and the post-Keynesian theory of growth and distribution. We plot the motion of the economic system and determine the economic equilibrium. We carry out comparative dynamic analysis with regard to the propensity to save and improvements in human capital and technology.
|
The problem of sustainable development and the role of universities of resources, which is the scientific and educational base of the mining industry is discussed. Assessment of management effectiveness of national total capital leading mining countries in the OECD and BRICS is given. On the basis of the Hartwick-Solow criterion proposed investment areas of mineral rents in natural, produced and human capital. The main tasks of the universities resources for the sustainable development of countries with large reserves of mineral resources updated. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2015.v6n2s4p157
|
eng_Latn
| 144,558 |
A new two-stage multiple comparison procedure for comparing several exponential populations with a control under heteroscedasticity
|
A new two-stage multiple comparison procedure, which maintains power at a pre-specified level, is proposed to construct simultaneous confidence intervals (SCIs) for the distances of location parameters of k treatments from the location of control under heteroscedasticity of scale parameters by taking k+1 members of two parameter exponential distributions. Simulation study reveals that the proposed two-stage procedure performs better than the existing two-stage procedure of Lam and Ng (1990) in terms of coverage probability and average volume of the simultaneous confidence intervals. No additional tables are required to implement the proposed procedure. Implementation of proposed procedure is demonstrated by taking real life data.
|
Taiwan's cultural performance and exhibition facilities industry still has considerable capacity for development. The public sector has the output estimate based on the combination of the output and input statistics together. In this case, the problem of duplicate calculation cannot be avoided and the resulting "all-encompassing" expenditure subsidy will not generate maximum economic benefit either. This article proposes to use the methods advocated by Fritz Machlup, Michael Rogers Rubin, Mary Taylor Huber and Elizabeth Lloyd Taylor. That is, from the sources of expenditure side, total output, and set up I-O Table to verify the maximum economic chain effect industry on a forward and backward basis to assist the public sector in focusing on the core development and to use this a reference point for guidance.
|
eng_Latn
| 144,562 |
The Allocation of Capital in Rural Credit Markets
|
Understanding how capital flows within rural communities in sub-Saharan Africa can provide important insights on the nature of poverty and the effectiveness of financial intermediation interventions. In this paper, we use unique individual level savings and borrowing data to study the flow of funds within a sample of 104 Ugandan savings groups. We show that poor households borrow from wealthier households, which implies that the marginal benefit of money is decreasing in wealth. The result suggests that savings groups are effective at channeling funds to their poorest members.
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This paper is about location decisions of Creative Industries and the role played by existent spatial distribution and agglomeration economies of these kinds of activities in order to analyse their location determinants. Our main statistical source is the REIC (Catalan Manufacturing Establishments Register), which has plant-level microdata on location of new plants. Using Count Data Models, our main results show that location determinants are quite similar between both industries and also both non-creative and creative firms are positively influenced by the specialisation level in Creative Industries of municipalities. Moreover, our results provide evidence that the unobserved ‘creative milieu’ has a limited impact on attracting firms. Keywords: creative industries, creative milieu, count data models, industrial location, agglomeration economies
|
eng_Latn
| 144,583 |
Heterogeneity of Intellectual Assets A Method for Identification and Measurement With Patent Data
|
This paper deals with methodological issues of measuring and assessing the composition and level of heterogeneity of firms’ intellectual assets. It develops an original metric referred to as the H-index for measuring heterogeneity at firm level using data extracted from patent documents. The main purpose is to improve the characterization of research activities within firms in the biotechnology sector. Although the H-index grew out of research on biotech firms, the metric carries broader relevance for all patent-intensive industries. The measurement and assessment of the Hindex is illustrated and tested using empirical data from our study on Scandinavian biotech firms. ISBN 87-91549-03-5 2 edition
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Abstract High technology is a concept much in vogue in OECD countries, for it is a symbol of an “advanced” economy. This paper looks at why and how the concept and its indicator acquired such fame. It explains that the reason has to do with the fact that the indicator emerged in the context of debates on the competitiveness of countries and their efforts to maintain or improve their positions in world trade. The first part looks at the early statistics behind the indicator (R&D/sales), statistics developed in official analyses of industrial R&D surveys before the 1950s. The second part traces the evolution of the R&D/sales ratio in the 1960s through its use as an indicator of research or technological intensity. The third part discusses the internationalization of the indicator via the OECD.
|
eng_Latn
| 144,584 |
Knowledge filter,entrepreneurial activity and economic growth:the empirical analysis based on 31 regions in China
|
Knowledge filter is the gap between new knowledge and commercialized knowledge,which is one of reasons that there is non-liner relationship between RD input and innovation outcome.Through the empirical analysis based on 31 regions in China,this study suggests that there are negative relationship between economy growth and knowledge filter including institution filter and market filter,and entrepreneurship is the key road to penetrate the filter.Moreover,it concludes that the level of entrepreneurship is the moderator in the relationship between knowledge filter and economic growth.
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The educational service trade is a great concern for competition after WTO entry. Comparing with thepractice of educational service, however, the study and decision--making of it are lagging behind. In order to bring theChinese educational potential into full play, we are urged to further reform and development of higher education, and ex-ploitation of laws and features of it as well.
|
eng_Latn
| 144,600 |
VERTICAL TRANSFERS AND THE APPROPRIATION OF RESOURCES BY THE BUREAUCRACY: THE CASE OF BRAZILIAN STATE GOVERNMENTS
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The purpose of this study is to explore whether the transfers received by state governments in Brazil are being appropriated by the bureaucracy as wages. The wage differential between the public and private sectors was used as a measure of this appropriation, following the technique for wage decomposition proposed by Oaxaca. Our results show that transfers stimulate appropriation by the bureaucracy, but that private groups existing within the states contend for these resources. The results also indicate that the resources appropriated are distributed uniformly between the various groups composing the bureaucracy.
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What are the reasons for national differences of international market access in high-risk software development and what is the role of employment regulation? This analysis elucidates this question based on national sector studies of the video games industry with particular focus on financial systems, skill formation as well as work and employment systems in Sweden, Germany and Poland. National financial architectures and education are a decisive factor. However, the results also suggest that the ‘varieties-of-capitalism’ (VoC) approach underestimates industry divergence within and across supposedly homogeneous national models, especially in the field of labour regulation. The author proposes to link VoC theory to a transnational perspective, which complementarily takes into account firm embeddedness in industry-specific value chains.
|
yue_Hant
| 144,609 |
Effect of entrepreneurial framework conditions on R&D transfer to new and growing firms: The case of European Union innovation-driven countries
|
Public investment in Research and Development (R&D) can give a strong contribution to economic development, provided that knowledge is successfully transferred to industry. Although larger and established firms have been taking on priority in this process, new and growing firms may also be important vehicles of knowledge exploitation. However, this route has received limited attention, particularly regarding the contextual conditions that may favour R&D transfer to those firms. To shed light on this topic, this article analyzes an empirical model that considers simultaneously a number of framework conditions. Using data from the National Expert Survey – Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM), the study compares the proposed relationships between Portugal and fifteen other innovation-driven economies from the European Union (EU).
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Abstract In order to characterize the most superadditive behavior of a risk measure, the notion of extreme-aggregation risk measures was introduced in the literature. In this short note, explicit forms of the extreme-aggregation measures induced by rank-dependent expected utility (RDEU) functionals and by RDEU-based shortfall risk measures are derived. The main results generalize those known in the literature.
|
eng_Latn
| 144,611 |
Capital humano heterogéneo y productividad de los graduados
|
The effects of human capital accumulation on productivity are analyzed both theoretically and within a unique sample of European higher education graduates. The levels of a set of competencies they used at work, plus the type of institution and study field they graduated from, are included as indicators of heterogeneity in a model for individual income which also controls for specific job/individual characteristics. The results show: first, that both type of institution and study field influence the market value of graduates' human capital; and second, that certain competencis are better rewarded than other, suggesting that productivity gains emerge preferentially from specific attitudes towards work.
|
In a recent paper, Garcia-Mainar and Montuenga-Gomez [Garcia-Mainar, I. \& Montuenga-Gomez, V. M. (2005). Education returns of wage earners and self-employed workers: Portugal vs. Spain. Economics of Education Review, 24(2), 161-170] apply the generalized IV model of Hausman and Taylor to estimate education returns of wage earners and the self-employed in Portugal and in Spain. Our examination reveals several problems which relate to the validity and documentation of the instrumental variables, as well as the robustness of the results.
|
spa_Latn
| 144,619 |
Culture and foreign companies' choice of entry mode: the case of the Singapore building and construction industry
|
Recent studies have shown that culture has an effect on the choice of foreign investment venture structure. Cultural distance has been identified as a primary determinant in the selection of shared control over wholly foreign owned investment. The data from these studies indicate, however, that individual cultural characteristics of investor countries may be more important than the difference in culture. In this study, a sample of Singaporean building and construction firms is utilized to explore whether joint venture (JV) formations correspond more to the uncertainty avoidance dimension of the investor's culture than to cultural distance. The results show that an investor's cultural aversion to risk may be more influential in explaining the propensity for firms from certain countries to engage in JVs, rather than other cultural factors.
|
In this paper,an econometric model on prices of Shanghai commercial residence houses over the last ten years is adopted,based on new classical economic theory.The model illustrates that among all the driving forces of the price,the increase of economic growth and the actual interest rate are not as significant as supposed.Instead,it is the rise of people's accumulated disposable income and the upgrade of supply mix towards mid-and-high-end market that pull the price up.
|
eng_Latn
| 144,627 |
Advanced manufacturing as an online case study for global geography education
|
Advanced manufacturing continues to be an important sector for emerging and industrialized economies, therefore, remaining an important topic for economic geography education. This article describes a case study created for the Association of American Geographer's Center for Global Geography Education and its implementation. The international machine tool industry is particularly useful for introducing students to the regional impacts of broader economic processes.
|
Introduction Part I. Production and Consumption: 1. The natural framework and the human framework 2. Towns, trade and inventions 3. Ordinary consumption and luxury consumption Part II. Ordinary Life: 4. Rural and urban housing 5. Lighting and heating 6. Water and its uses 7. Furniture and objects 8. Clothing and appearances 9. Bread, wine, taste Conclusion.
|
eng_Latn
| 144,628 |
Exploration, exploitation and innovation performance: Disentangling environmental dynamism
|
Environmental dynamism has recently attracted the attention of scholars studying the relationships between exploration and exploitation strategies and innovation performance. Surprisingly, although extant research has already acknowledged its multidimensional character, it has only been analyzed in an aggregate fashion. In this paper, we distinguish two components of environmental dynamism, the pace of market evolution and the pace of technology evolution, and we elaborate on their different impacts in the context of exploration and exploitation strategies. More precisely, we argue that while a rapid pace of technology evolution has opposite impacts on the relationships between exploration (positive), exploitation (negative) and innovation performance, a rapid pace of market evolution positively affects both exploration and exploitation. Our findings provide substantial support for our prediction using a large panel of Spanish innovating firms for the period 2008-2012.
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The article analyses the characteristics of the different phases of the World Expo development and the follow-up utilization.of the World Expo area.It expounds the necessity and feasibility of establishing a leisure amusement center in Shanghai and the principles we should follow.
|
eng_Latn
| 144,637 |
The skill balancing act: when does broad expertise pay off?
|
We compare skill sets of employees working in businesses of different size to the skill sets of entrepreneurs. Employees in large businesses tend to have a lower skill balance than those working in small businesses; yet, the skill balance of entrepreneurs remains the largest. Our evidence suggests that the skill level and skill scope matter for balance and increase with formal education levels but decrease with the number of previous occupations. We find a positive relationship between skill balance and income that is strongest for entrepreneurs. For employees, the relationship remains positive but the magnitude of the association decreases when business size increases.
|
This study makes us of the OECD Structural Analysis industrial database (STAN) to investigate patterns of industry specialization as measured by the country's share of total industry production for 14 OECD countries over the period 1970 to 1993. I find that these industrialized countries tended to specialize manufacturing production in very different industries and most countries retained their specialization over the period from 1970 to 1993.
|
eng_Latn
| 144,649 |
Meeting the Challenge of WTO Enlarging the International Educational Service Trade
|
The educational service trade is a great concern for competition after WTO entry. Comparing with thepractice of educational service, however, the study and decision--making of it are lagging behind. In order to bring theChinese educational potential into full play, we are urged to further reform and development of higher education, and ex-ploitation of laws and features of it as well.
|
ILO pub-WEP pub. Working paper on export-led economic growth and employment in Korea R, 1945 to 1982 - covers economic planning, foreign investment, the labour market, labour productivity, trade unions, the industrial sector (especially the textile industry and the electronics industry) and state intervention. Graphs, map and references.
|
eng_Latn
| 144,650 |
Spillovers, integration and causality in LME non-ferrous metal markets
|
Abstract We examine the interrelationships in the global base metal markets over a 22 year period 1994–2016 using a variety of econometric methods. The results demonstrate the high intensity of both return and volatility spillovers across the selected markets. Furthermore, the degree of co-movements varies among time and frequencies. The study also contributes to the contagion literature since the results revealed the increase in co-movements after the financial crisis. Aluminium is found to be the driving force, with significant influence across all methodologies. The findings show that the behaviour of the non-ferrous metals is similar to other conventional asset classes, like equities and bonds, justifying the position that metals have become an investment class.
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This paper measures economic linkages emanating from investment-led growth in eight different African countries with widely varying economic structures. To explore the importance of price effects in estimating these linkages, the paper employs two different methodologies for measuring the linkages, a fixed-price semi-input--output (SIO) model as well as a fully price-endogenous computable general equilibrium model (CGE). Regardless of the methodology used, indirect effects prove to be large. On average -- across countries and sectors -- inclusion of growth linkages nearly doubles estimated national income growth following an initial investment-led shock. Sectorally, investments in agriculture generate the largest impact on the poor. Copyright 2003, Oxford University Press.
|
eng_Latn
| 144,656 |
Disability as a risk factor on the access to labor market
|
The study is focused on studying the issue of people with disabilities and their access on the labor market. The research attempts to highlight the experiences of people with disabilities regarding employment, coping with discrimination and how the Romanian labor market is ready to receive these people. For conducting the research we used the questionnaire and focus group methods. We interviewed a total of 60 people with disabilities of various types (sensorial, mental, and physical) and 60 employers from different sectors of the economy. Results showed that despite the many social policies launched in the last years, the percentage of people with disabilities on the labor market in Romania is still very small. There are many reasons both from employers and people with disabilities. There are also still huge degrees of discrimination and indifference.
|
This paper is about location decisions of Creative Industries and the role played by existent spatial distribution and agglomeration economies of these kinds of activities in order to analyse their location determinants. Our main statistical source is the REIC (Catalan Manufacturing Establishments Register), which has plant-level microdata on location of new plants. Using Count Data Models, our main results show that location determinants are quite similar between both industries and also both non-creative and creative firms are positively influenced by the specialisation level in Creative Industries of municipalities. Moreover, our results provide evidence that the unobserved ‘creative milieu’ has a limited impact on attracting firms. Keywords: creative industries, creative milieu, count data models, industrial location, agglomeration economies
|
eng_Latn
| 144,667 |
Subpixel-edge detection is the first stage in processing many high-level vision algorithms. However, the study of the statistical properties of such data has remained incomplete in most research. We present a method for estimating the second-order moments of the subpixel-edge position, computed by a deterministic algorithm based on three quadratic interpolations. The algorithm is tested on different types of noise (Gaussian, impulse, colored) and compared with two methods in the literature. The results show that this approach remains accurate even at high noise levels.
|
The aim of this paper is to analyze the statistical properties of the Harris corner detector. Usually, the noise effect is computed using a linear model of the corner response H. Our approach, is different and propagate the error through the unmodified expression of H. The experimental results compared to Monte-Carlo simulations show the interest of this method.
|
We prove that groups acting geometrically on delta-quasiconvex spaces contain no essential Baumslag-Solitar quotients as subgroups. This implies that they are translation discrete, meaning that the translation numbers of their nontorsion elements are bounded away from zero.
|
eng_Latn
| 144,955 |
We study the application of the continuous wavelet transform to perform signal filtering processes. We first show that the convolution and correlation of two wavelet functions satisfy the required admissibility and regularity conditions. By using these new wavelet functions to analyze both convolutions and correlations, respectively, we derive convolution and correlation theorems for the continuous wavelet transform and show them to be similar to that of other joint spatial/spatial-frequency or time/frequency representations. We then investigate the effect of multiplying the continuous wavelet transform of a given signal by a related transfer function and show how to perform spatially variant filtering operations in the wavelet domain. Finally, we present numerical examples showing the usefulness of applying the convolution theorem for the continuous wavelet transform to perform signal restoration in the presence of additive noise.
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This paper reviews the area of coherent optical techniques for performing either one-dimensional or two-dimensional linear, space-variant operations. These techniques are becoming increasingly important due to the variety of possible applications for space-variant optical processors. Examples are presented to illustrate the major categories of processors.
|
Berzelius failed to make use of Faraday's electrochemical laws in his laborious determination of equivalent weights.
|
eng_Latn
| 144,965 |
Noninvasive optical imaging and spectroscopy for quantitative monitoring of the progression of oral premalignant lesions
|
Interim results are presented from a longitudinal study in which optical imaging and spectroscopy are used to monitor progression of oral premalignant lesions. A total of 447 sites in 120 patients were tracked over time.
|
Acquiring the NDVI time series curve with the temporal characteristics is the necessary steps for land use and vegetation cover change analysis. In order to use multi-source remote sensing data effectively,based on the theory of down scaling,this paper proposed the method which combines with high and low spatial resolution images of different time resolutions,uses linear mixed model to disaggregate the mixed pixels in coarse resolution images,calculates the sub-pixel reflectance of features,and produces the sub-pixel level NDVI time series curve of high temporal character. Thus it would be possible to dynamically analyze the land-use and vegetation biomass change in details by limited RS resources. Finally,the experimental result with real image data proved its feasibility.
|
eng_Latn
| 144,972 |
[Hadamard transform spectrometer mixed pixels' unmixing method].
|
Hadamard transform imaging spectrometer is a multi-channel digital transform spectrometer detection technology, this paper based on digital micromirror array device (DMD) of the Hadamard transform spectrometer working principle and instrument structure, obtained by the imaging sensor mixed pixel were analyzed, theory derived the solution of pixel aliasing hybrid method, simulation results show that the method is simple and effective to improve the accuracy of mixed pixel spectrum more than 10% recovery.
|
The study of the stability of many stochastic processes as Markov chains needs sometimes to use eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the transition matrix. This paper is an investigation on a methodology which computes fuzzy eigenvalues and fuzzy eigenvectors within the context of a fuzzy Markov chain transition matrix, under max-min composition.
|
eng_Latn
| 144,985 |
Effects of AC-Modulated Passivation and Post-Treatment on Composition and Stability of Passive Films
|
Abstract An investigation of the effects of alternating voltage modulated passivation (AC-modulated passivation) and post-treatment on the composition and stability of passive films on 302 and 316 stainless steels by ellipsometry, electrochemistry, and surface Auger electron spectroscopy analysis was carried out. AC-modulated passivation increases the concentration of elements O, and the ratio Cr/ (Cr + Fe) in the passive film, changes the depth composition profile of the film, roughens the surface of the passive film and makes it more favorable to the adsorption of molybdenum-containing ions during post-treatment. Hence, the resistance against the chemical dissolution of the passive film increased and the stability of the passive film improved.
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We propose an innovative procedure for extracting decay regions from color images of stony materials. The use of appropriate image analysis techniques can offer an important contribution to be used together with the traditional methodologies for studying and diagnosing the decay of stony materials that constitute ancient monuments. The presented approach is constituted by the PDE (Partial Differential Equations) model of anisotropic diffusion and by the level set/fast marching method. The anisotropic diffusion is applied in order to limit the smoothing at the zones of high gradient. In the segmentation process, the numerical technique of the level set/fast marching is applied in order to extract from the image only the color region examined. The study case concerns impressive remains of the city of Aosta (Italy).
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eng_Latn
| 144,997 |
Optimization of the Rapid Purity Identification System of Hybrid Rice Seeds by Using SSR Markers
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To overcome the limiting factors in the commercialization of the existing rapid purity identification system of hybrid rice seeds by using SSR markers,the studies were conducted on the improvement of the technology system in the aspects of DNA extraction,PCR amplification procedure and gel electrophoresis.After optimization,the time for DNA extraction,PCR amplification and gel electrophoresis was decreased from 300,200 and 180~210 minutes to 2.5,65 and 60 minutes,respectively.Meanwhile,the cost was greatly reduced and the pollution to the environment was abated by cutting down the dosage of dNTP and Taq DNA polymerase,and reusing the gelose gel.Therefore,an optimized accurate,simple,rapid and low costing technical system of fast purity identification of hybrid rice seeds was established.
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The presented study is an eye tracking experiment for high-resolution satellite (HRS) images. The reported experiment explores the Area Of Interest (AOI) based analysis of eye fixation data for complex HRS images. The study reflects the requisite of reference data for bottom-up saliency-based segmentation and the struggle of eye tracking data analysis for complex satellite images. The intended fixation data analysis aims towards the reference data creation for bottom-up saliency-based segmentation of high-resolution satellite images. The analytical outcome of this experimental study provides a solution for AOI-based analysis for fixation data in the complex environment of satellite images and recommendations for reference data construction which is already an ongoing effort.
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eng_Latn
| 145,009 |
Heat Transfer Augmentation with Steady Air jet impingement
|
The book is published by Dr. Siddique Mohammed Umair (Narsee Monjee Institute of Managment Studies, Deemed University) and Dr. Nitin Parashram Gulhane (Veermata Jijabai Technological Institute). The Experimental and Numerical research work present in the book is a partial Ph.D. work of Dr. Umair. This book represents the heat transfer augmentation study of steady air jet impingement over flat plate and pin fin heat sink. The further edition of this book will carry the effect of pulse jet impingement.
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ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to investigate the origin of random image artifacts in stimulated echo acquisition mode diffusion tensor imaging (STEAM-DTI), assess the role of averaging, develop an automated artifact postprocessing correction method using weighted mean of signal intensities (WM
|
eng_Latn
| 145,017 |
Region-based multi-focus image fusion using the local spatial frequency
|
In image fusion domain, generic pixel-based image fusion methods are sensitive to imperfections of source images, and it therefore has much influence on the quality of the fusion results. Focusing on this problem, a region-based multi-focus image fusion scheme is proposed based on the local spatial frequency (LSF) in this paper. Firstly, calculate LSF for each pixel of source images, and a segmentation of the average image is introduced to segment the source images. From the segmented image, a shared region representation is obtained to label the source images. The identification of important features in shared region representation, region spatial frequency (RSF), is used to guide the fusion process. The experimental results show that the proposed scheme works well in multi-focus image fusion, and it outperforms comparison methods in terms of visual and objective evaluations.
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OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the diagnostic value of in vivo MR spectroscopy (MRS) with semilocalization by adiabatic selective refocusing (semi-LASER MRS) in differentiating...
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eng_Latn
| 145,021 |
Identification of primary aberrations on a lateral shearing interferogram of optical components using neural network
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A method is proposed for the identification of primary aberrations with a single image of a lateral shearing interferogram of optical components, obtained from a monochromatic laser source, using a neural network. The neural network is used to illustrate the features of the sampled interferograms and identify the primary aberrations of the other interferograms by means of its excellence in interpolation and extrapolation. Analysis of the pattern is performed to find the proper features to teach the neural network in less time. Simulations are performed to verify the suggested method.
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This paper analyzes the use of CBERS (China-Brazil Earth Resources Satellite) high resolution images to map urban limits of a small city in the Amazon Region of Brazil. The use of Sino-Brazilian satellite images to study small cities of the Brazilian Amazon Region is also discussed. A HCR image was used to classify the image of the study area into four classes: urban, forest, clouds, and shadows, by visual interpretation. This map was compared with another map produced with unsupervised classification. A confusion matrix was produced to evaluate the accuracy of unsupervised classification. Comparison between the reference map (visual interpretation) and the unsupervised classification map verified that 82.8% of the areas were classified correctly. This ability to recognize and delimitate small cities in Amazonia demonstrates the quality of the CBERS – HCR image.
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eng_Latn
| 145,025 |
Adaptive Beamforming to Overcome Coherent Interferences and Steering Errors
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A toner image is transferred to a heat softened first thermoplastic outer layer of a receiving sheet, which receiving sheet also has a second thermoplastic layer on its backside. The second layer has a higher heat softening point than the first layer. Transfer is effected by securing the receiving sheet to a roller having a metal surface in contact with the second layer and bringing the first layer into pressure contact with an image bearing member while heating the roller from within to a temperature sufficient to soften the first layer and the toner but not sufficient to cause release of the second layer onto the roller.
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ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to investigate the origin of random image artifacts in stimulated echo acquisition mode diffusion tensor imaging (STEAM-DTI), assess the role of averaging, develop an automated artifact postprocessing correction method using weighted mean of signal intensities (WM
|
eng_Latn
| 145,049 |
Fuzzy Eigenvalues and Fuzzy Eigenvectors of Fuzzy Markov Chain Transition Matrix under Max-min Composition
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The study of the stability of many stochastic processes as Markov chains needs sometimes to use eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the transition matrix. This paper is an investigation on a methodology which computes fuzzy eigenvalues and fuzzy eigenvectors within the context of a fuzzy Markov chain transition matrix, under max-min composition.
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In this paper, we show how linear, but not necessarily shift-invariant, filters can be used to propagate sparse labels throughout an image. We propose a new propagation method based on the domain transform filter, a linear, shift-varying filter whose kernel width varies based on local edge information. We contrast this against the more well-known energy minimization approach and show that it can produce significantly better results when the input labels contain errors. Finally, we show how minimization-based methods are better suited for purely user-guided applications.
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eng_Latn
| 145,050 |
Uncovering false positives on a virtual screening search for cruzain inhibitors.
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Abstract Some unexpected promiscuous inhibitors were observed in a virtual screening protocol applied to select cruzain inhibitors from the ZINC database. Physical–chemical and pharmacophore model filters were used to reduce the database size. The selected compounds were docked into the cruzain active site. Six hit compounds were tested as inhibitors. Although the compounds were designed to be nucleophilically attacked by the catalytic cysteine of cruzain, three of them showed typical promiscuous behavior, revealing that false positives are a prevalent concern in VS programs.
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This paper analyzes the use of CBERS (China-Brazil Earth Resources Satellite) high resolution images to map urban limits of a small city in the Amazon Region of Brazil. The use of Sino-Brazilian satellite images to study small cities of the Brazilian Amazon Region is also discussed. A HCR image was used to classify the image of the study area into four classes: urban, forest, clouds, and shadows, by visual interpretation. This map was compared with another map produced with unsupervised classification. A confusion matrix was produced to evaluate the accuracy of unsupervised classification. Comparison between the reference map (visual interpretation) and the unsupervised classification map verified that 82.8% of the areas were classified correctly. This ability to recognize and delimitate small cities in Amazonia demonstrates the quality of the CBERS – HCR image.
|
eng_Latn
| 145,054 |
Hidden Markov Models as a tool to measure pilot attention switching during simulated ILS approaches
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A device to be used for sitting at a table in a water filled area, such as a water pool. The device comprises an upper rigid, flat, floating body made of buoyant material and defining a table top, at least one lower seat member and a connecting member for rigidly attaching a bottom face of each lower seat member to an underface of the floating body at a level relative to the floating body such that a person can sit on the seat member while resting ones forearms or elbows on top of the floating body. The floating body and the seat member have surfaces and thicknesses enabling them to be self-stable in the water filled area while preventing a top surface of the floating body to be submerged when the person remains seated on the seat member.
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In this paper, we propose a limited-view computer tomography(CT) image reconstruction method that reduces the scan times and X-ray dosages in the semiconductor industry. To reduce streak artifacts, which are caused by an insufficient number of views, we study the sinogram interpolation method based on the average pixel value. The change patterns are tracked by iteratively averaging the values. We use a shepp-logan phantom to evaluate the effectiveness of the comparative interpolation method. The results showed that the streak artifacts were reduced in the proposed interpolation method. In addition, we compared our method with another interpolation method using the peak-signal-to-noise ratio(PSNR) and performance time.
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eng_Latn
| 145,055 |
Constant time O(1) bilateral filtering
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Bilateral filtering for gray and color images
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Employing U.S. Military Families to Provide Business Process Outsourcing Services: A case study of Impact Sourcing and Reshoring
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eng_Latn
| 145,141 |
Generic 3D Convolutional Fusion for image restoration
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Image Super-Resolution Via Sparse Representation
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Service quality and ERP implementation: A conceptual and empirical study of semiconductor-related industries in Taiwan
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eng_Latn
| 145,185 |
Impact and Analysis on the Environmental Constraints of Program Environmental Impact Assessment
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In China,the environmental impact assessment(EIA) of construction project has been relatively mature,but the PEIA,without a uniform and standard system of theory and method,is still frontiers.Combined with theoretical study and example verification,on the basis of analysis about the meaning of PEIA and the meaning of studying environmental constraints,taking the Environmental Impact Assessment in Jiadong,Jiabei industrial park planning of Jiayuguan as an example,the development of Jiadong,Jiabei industrial park was systemically analyzed from the perspective of environmental constraints.And the environmental constraints of the development of industrial park were deeply discussed from the aspects of natural environment,environmental quality and social environment.Finally,some countermeasures to be taken to environmental constraints were discussed.
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Image enhancement is one of the most important techniques in digital image processing field. Traditional global histogram equalization usually causes excessive contrast enhancement while local histogram equalization may cause block effect. So a new image enhancement technique based on human visual properties is proposed which improves contrast and edges in an image as well as keeps the noise level lower.
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eng_Latn
| 145,379 |
A fusion framework based on fuzzy integrals for passive-blind image tamper detection
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The Dresden Image Database for Benchmarking Digital Image Forensics
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study strategies of college students : are self - testing and scheduling related to achievement ? .
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eng_Latn
| 145,432 |
What do young doctors think of their training and themselves
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Of the British qualified doctors whose career preferences and progress we have been surveying, our first group has been in medical practice for 10 years. We thought that this would be a good stage to ask for views about medical training and its effects. Some tentative questions were therefore added to the latest questionnaire, which we sent in 1983 to those who qualified in 1974. We wanted to see if our respondents were interested in a qualitative study of their medical education and, further, if they were willing to engage in a frank self assessment exercise about their own competencies and deficiencies.
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A large majority of GPs have voted for the first of two government options on how they will provide extended opening hours in surgeries. ::: ::: The BMA, however, says that GPs will effectively see their pay cut when they start working under the new system from April, as part of changes to the GP contract being imposed after negotiations broke down between the two sides. ::: ::: More than nine out of 10 (92%) of the GPs who took part in a BMA opinion poll voted for the first of two government options, …
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eng_Latn
| 145,502 |
NHS England plans to review all PMS contracts in 2013-14
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NHS England plans to review all personal medical services (PMS) GP contracts in 2013-14 to “identify ways of improving value for money for the future.” ::: ::: The aims of the review are to establish equitable “core” funding between general practices on PMS contracts and those on general medical services (GMS) contracts and to ensure value for money from investment in non-core “enhanced” services. NHS England has said, however, that it does not plan to change the “quantum” of PMS funding this year while the review is under way. ::: ::: NHS England has instructed its local …
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Abstract ::: Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of magnetic resonance (MR) in the assessment of pregnant women with acute abdominal and pelvic pain. ::: Patients and methods: A
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eng_Latn
| 145,504 |
Cocaine users' brains 'different'
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Cocaine users' brains have a different structure which could affect their ability to judge the consequences of their actions, a study suggests.
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Entreprenuer.com Partners with IndustryBrains for Sponsored Links IndustryBrains, which focuses on site specific contextual Pay-Per-Click advertising programs, announced that it has partnered with Entrepreneur Media, Inc. to provide its content-targeted sponsored links on Entrepreneur.com and SmallBizSearch.com, two of the most respected online resources for business owners and partners. IndustryBrains will provide its ...
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eng_Latn
| 147,946 |
how has nike become so successful
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Executive Summary: Constant innovation has been the byword for Nike's success. This case study analyses the ever-evolving marketing strategies adopted by Nike to become a global brand.
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Nike. NIKE, Inc.'s competitive benefits program provides employees with the opportunity to stay fit, ensure the wellness of their families, and create a positive working environment.That is why every geography provides for variable health coverage, fitness center memberships, time off, retirement savings, and more.ike. NIKE, Inc.'s competitive benefits program provides employees with the opportunity to stay fit, ensure the wellness of their families, and create a positive working environment.
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eng_Latn
| 148,125 |
A study on the energy regeneration system of boom for hybrid hydraulic excavator
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Nowadays, energy crisis and pollution have become a serious problem in the world. Saving energy of construction machinery, especially the hydraulic excavator is very essential. Potential gravitational energy regeneration is an effective solution to reduce the energy consumption of the hydraulic excavator. This paper proposes a new hybrid hydraulic excavator boom system and designs a new control strategy. In this system have three modes for boom down. The proposed energy regeneration system is verified through simulation result which is done in the AMESim software. By analyzing simulation result, the proposed system can perform very efficiently. Meanwhile, the proposed system is also compared with conventional one. By comparing and analyzing the simulation results, it seen that the new system has a better efficiency and decrease the energy consumption significantly. All parameters are taken from the real system.
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Power system hourly price is closely related to power energy marginal cost and risk cost.By stochastic production simulation,the optimal generation scheduler,fuel cost,system marginal cost and reliability indices can be obtained.Based on the stochastic production simulation results,three electricity pricing models and the principle of partition of the peak-valley electricity price are discussed.At last,a practical power system is utilized to obtain the different power system hourly prices and the ratio of peak-waist-valley price,which can provide references for the establishment of the actual power price.
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eng_Latn
| 148,188 |
Cost-effectiveness analysis of anidulafungin in the treatment of candidaemia
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Echinocandins are recommended first-line treatment for candidaemia [1]. A cost-effectiveness model developed from a UK perspective examined costs and outcomes of antifungal treatment for candidaemia and other forms of invasive candidiasis based on European clinical guidelines [1].
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The tariff formation process of electric energy aims to provide enough revenue to cover operating costs and possible expansion investments. One can highlight among the tariff components the costs of energy losses, corresponding to the electric energy that, although inserted in the system, is not even commercialized, either for technical reasons or for commercial reasons. The objective of this study is to evaluate the method of calculating the technical losses according to the requirements of the National Electric Energy Agency (ANEEL), since the required parameters still do not represent a reliable real system. In this way, the current process will be implemented in the IEEE 34 bus system from the software OpenDSS and Matlab. The regulatory parameters are tested independently considering the presence of consumption meters in the distribution transformers. This proposal seeks to argue the possible problems of the current methodology adopted for the calculation of losses.
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eng_Latn
| 148,212 |
Analysis of Influencing Factors about Residential Building and Research on Energy Optimization in Inner Mongolia
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The energy consumption of residential buildings and its potential influence factors in Inner Mongolia were investigated by questionnaires.The main factors influencing energy consumption of the residential buildings were screened by the partial corresponding analysis.The partial correlation analysis indicates that the total energy consumption of the residential buildings and the energy consumption per unit floor area are closely related to annual household income, air conditioning opened situations and building orientation. While they are not significantly related to construction area, building type, building ages, household resident population, heating modes, appliances quantity, appliances opened situations, hot water supply modes, According to these influencing factors, the article put forward some energy optimization measures.
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EDITOR—I agree with Treasure and MacRae that the greatest determinant of the power of a study is its design.1 Minimisation improves power by comparing similar groups but there is a similar technique—randomised block design—which has even more power.2 ::: ::: In …
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eng_Latn
| 148,222 |
average usage of ovens
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In addition to traditional uses, convection ovens are used for nearly all types of food preparation, including foods typically prepared using other types of appliances (e.g., griddles, fryers, etc.). Commercial ovens that have earned the ENERGY STAR are about 20 percent more energy efficient than standard models. Electric-both full-and half-size, and gas convection ovens can earn the ENERGY STAR by meeting minimum cooking energy efficiency, as well as a maximum idle energy rates.
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The federal government currently has no energy efficiency standards for microwave ovens, either in standby mode or in operating mode. According to a study by researchers at the Lawerence Berkeley National Laboratory, the average standby power use for microwave ovens is 3.08 watts (27 kWh per year). Measured values range from 1.4 watt to 4.9 watts.
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eng_Latn
| 148,355 |
The downward mobility of skilled migrant care workers in England.
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An ESRC study that focused on the career trajectories of women immigrant care workers in a new area of settlement in England found that they had few opportunities to advance and that structural barriers were pervasive. Three major themes about factors for the women's downward mobility were discovered: 1) Social and economic discrimination in sending countries, 2) a predominant perception amongst British-born employers and the public that the women had poor English and qualifications, and 3) limited networks that enabled them to advance. The women devised enterprising strategies to survive, but few outcomes resulted from their efforts.
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List of tables Abbreviations Introduction Part I: The broad context: Efficiency, labour, and politics Aspects of the juvenile labour market 1900-1914 Part II: Defining the problem: Work, adolescence, and personality: The boy labour problem: the economic critique Social science and working-class 'adolescence': from idea to social fact The boy labour problem: the social critique Part III: Solving the problem: philanthropy, collectivism, and class: Youth organizations: organizing boys and 'making men' Rites of passage: origins of the youth employment service Day continuation schools: creating the adaptable and efficient citizen Conclusion Appendix Select bibliography Index
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eng_Latn
| 148,570 |
Taking Gender Seriously: Feminization of Nonstandard Work in Korea and Japan
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This paper analyzes the nature and challenges of growing nonstandard employment in Korea and Japan through the lens of gender. Among the OECD countries Korea and Japan represent the worst cases of gender gaps in employment and have very high rates of female workers in nonstandard employment. Based on an analytical framework whereby national differences in the gendered nature of nonstandard work can be investigated this study compares feminization of nonstandard work in Korea and Japan and makes the following three conclusions of practical importance. First social policies designed to help workers to balance work and family must be accompanied by legislation that regulates nonstandard work. Second a coordinated industrial relations system is necessary to properly implement legislative efforts. Finally the trade union movements in both Korea and Japan must improve their representative functions for women workers. (authors)
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During this thesis work a coupled thermo-mechanical finite element model (FEM) was builtto simulate hot rolling in the blooming mill at Sandvik Materials Technology (SMT) inSandviken. The blooming ...
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eng_Latn
| 148,573 |
The Impact of Young Children on Women's Labour Supply A Reassessment of Institutional Effects in Europe
|
The proportion of women who withdraw from paid employment when they have children differs considerably among the countries of the European Union (EU), and the variation has mostly been attributed to institutional factors. In this study, we reassess the institutional explanation, because earlier supportive evidence is threatened by two alternative macro-level explanations: the influence of the economic necessity to work and the influence of gender role values in society. Our main research question is whether and to what extent these alternative explanations alter the effect of public childcare arrangements on mothers’ labour supply. Using panel data from 13 countries of the EU, we find evidence in favour of the institutional and economic explanations. In countries with more generous provision of public childcare and in countries with a lower level of economic welfare, the impact of childbirth on female labour supply is less negative than in other countries. Economic welfare appears to suppress rather than ...
|
XI 1: Introduction 1 1.1 Background 1 1.1.1 Childhood injuries – the New Zealand context 3 1.2 Statement of the Problem 3 1.3 Statement of Purpose 5 1.3.1 The context for the study 5 1.3.2 State research question 6 1.3.3 Study aims 6 1.4 Significance of Research 7 1.4.1 Potential benefits to childhood research 7 1.4.2 Study delimitations 8 1.5 Thesis Structure Chapter Overview 9 2: Literature Review 11 2.
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eng_Latn
| 148,574 |
Preadolescent's Clothing Conformity, Awareness, and Satisfaction as Related to Family Background and Popularity
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The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between clothing behaviors, background and popularity for a group of junior-high school girls in seoul, Korea. background : father's education, type of housing and economic level. popularity : Sociometric test. For statistical analyses of the data from 446 respondents, F-test, t-test, -test, M. and S.D. were used. The findings were as follows : 1. (1) Father's education correlated significantly with Awarenessat psatisfaction at Pconformity-at psatisfaction at pconformity at psatisfaction at p
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List of tables Abbreviations Introduction Part I: The broad context: Efficiency, labour, and politics Aspects of the juvenile labour market 1900-1914 Part II: Defining the problem: Work, adolescence, and personality: The boy labour problem: the economic critique Social science and working-class 'adolescence': from idea to social fact The boy labour problem: the social critique Part III: Solving the problem: philanthropy, collectivism, and class: Youth organizations: organizing boys and 'making men' Rites of passage: origins of the youth employment service Day continuation schools: creating the adaptable and efficient citizen Conclusion Appendix Select bibliography Index
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eng_Latn
| 148,581 |
The meaning of work for South African women: A phenomenological study
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This study sought to gain an in-depth understanding of the meaning that women attribute to their work in the South African context. The six women informants were 27–32 years old, all with tertiary education, in senior positions, without children. Data on the meaning of work for South African women were collected using semi-structured interviews. Findings indicate that the meaning of work for South African women changes when they experience work autonomy. Working women also report having a sense of identity and self-worth, meeting instrumental needs, achieving social relatedness, and being of service to others. The meaning of work also comes from intrinsic satisfaction, a sense of power and authority.
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This paper considers the pure labour theory of value and Bohm-Bawerk’s theory of capital as approximations of Sraffa’s model of single production, and tests them with data from the Symmetric Input-output Tables of the Finnish economy. The results show that (i) in comparison with the labour values, the actual Bohm-Bawerkian production prices are ‘equally’ good or even better approximations of the actual Sraffian production prices and market prices; and (ii) the Sraffian production price-profit rate relationship is, by and large, governed by the differences in the Bohm-Bawerkian average periods of production. Copyright Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2013
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eng_Latn
| 148,584 |
[The effect of female labor-force participation on the number of children].
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The impact of female labor force participation on fertility in the Netherlands is analyzed. The focus is on the difficulties of conducting such an analysis in the absence of panel data. Data are from the 1988 Netherlands Fertility Survey and concern women aged 18-37. The results suggest that there is a significant negative effect of work on expected and actual family size at all ages. (SUMMARY IN ENG) (ANNOTATION)
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XI 1: Introduction 1 1.1 Background 1 1.1.1 Childhood injuries – the New Zealand context 3 1.2 Statement of the Problem 3 1.3 Statement of Purpose 5 1.3.1 The context for the study 5 1.3.2 State research question 6 1.3.3 Study aims 6 1.4 Significance of Research 7 1.4.1 Potential benefits to childhood research 7 1.4.2 Study delimitations 8 1.5 Thesis Structure Chapter Overview 9 2: Literature Review 11 2.
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eng_Latn
| 148,587 |
Archived — Canada in the 21st Century: Paper Number 11: Institutions and Growth—Framework Policy as a Tool of Competitive Advantage for Canada
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The paper examines the design of Canadian institutions in light of the modern challenges confronting the Canadian economy and it evaluates the broad, institutional lessons of modern growth theory for framework policy in Canada.
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The proportion of women who withdraw from paid employment when they have children differs considerably among the countries of the European Union (EU), and the variation has mostly been attributed to institutional factors. In this study, we reassess the institutional explanation, because earlier supportive evidence is threatened by two alternative macro-level explanations: the influence of the economic necessity to work and the influence of gender role values in society. Our main research question is whether and to what extent these alternative explanations alter the effect of public childcare arrangements on mothers’ labour supply. Using panel data from 13 countries of the EU, we find evidence in favour of the institutional and economic explanations. In countries with more generous provision of public childcare and in countries with a lower level of economic welfare, the impact of childbirth on female labour supply is less negative than in other countries. Economic welfare appears to suppress rather than ...
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eng_Latn
| 148,593 |
What does child labour do for adults?
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Some scholars[who?] suggest any labour by children aged 18 years or less is wrong since this encourages illiteracy, inhumane work and lower investment in human capital. Child labour, claim these activists, also leads to poor labour standards for adults, depresses the wages of adults in developing countries as well as the developed countries, and dooms the third world economies to low-skill jobs only capable of producing poor quality cheap exports. More children that work in poor countries, the fewer and worse-paid are the jobs for adults in these countries. In other words, there are moral and economic reasons that justify a blanket ban on labour from children aged 18 years or less, everywhere in the world.
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According to a study done by Helmut Fend (who had always been a fierce proponent of comprehensive schools) revealed that comprehensive schools do not help working class students. He compared alumni of the tripartite system to alumni of comprehensive schools. While working class alumni of comprehensive schools were awarded better school diplomas at age 35, they held similar occupational positions as working class alumni of the tripartite system and were as unlikely to graduate from college.
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eng_Latn
| 148,623 |
Where did children go to work after doing farm work for so long?
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According to Milton Friedman, before the Industrial Revolution virtually all children worked in agriculture. During the Industrial Revolution many of these children moved from farm work to factory work. Over time, as real wages rose, parents became able to afford to send their children to school instead of work and as a result child labour declined, both before and after legislation. Austrian School economist Murray Rothbard said that British and American children of the pre- and post-Industrial Revolution lived and suffered in infinitely worse conditions where jobs were not available for them and went "voluntarily and gladly" to work in factories.
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According to a study done by Helmut Fend (who had always been a fierce proponent of comprehensive schools) revealed that comprehensive schools do not help working class students. He compared alumni of the tripartite system to alumni of comprehensive schools. While working class alumni of comprehensive schools were awarded better school diplomas at age 35, they held similar occupational positions as working class alumni of the tripartite system and were as unlikely to graduate from college.
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eng_Latn
| 148,629 |
what can i add to a minor in sociology
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Sociology is the study of societal norms and how interactions between people and society affect behaviors and trends. Coursework for this subject requires work in the liberal arts area. Graduates with a minor in sociology study sociological theories but also build skills in writing and communicating.
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Quick Answer. Students who minor in sociology can find careers in entry-level counseling, rehabilitation services, child care, teaching, business and marketing, journalism and case management. While a minor in sociology can help students land jobs in these fields, a major in sociology or psychology is often necessary to gain employment in them. Keep Learning.
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eng_Latn
| 148,675 |
In the last years the number of electronic control systems has increased significantly. In order to stay competitive more and more functionality is integrated into more and more powerful and complex computer hardware. Due to these advances in control systems engineering new challenges for analyzing the timing behavior of real-time computer systems arise. The two identified main challenges are execution-time modeling of the hardware and the path problem that forbids capturing the worst-case execution time (WCET) by end-to-end measurements due to limits in computational complexity. This work presents the cornerstones of our new measurement-based WCET analysis method that successfully addresses these problems. We clearly identify our research goals and the relevance of our research. Especially, the novel aspects of our approach are emphasized. The conclusion is formed by a brief presentation of an industrial-size case study application.
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Timing verification of embedded critical real-time systems is hindered by complex designs. Timing anomalies, deeply analyzed in static timing analysis, require specific solutions to bound their impact. For the first time, we study the concept and impact of timing anomalies in measurement-based timing analysis, the most used in industry, showing that they require to be considered and handled differently. In addition, we analyze anomalies in the context of Measurement-Based Probabilistic Timing Analysis, which simplifies quantifying their impact.
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Berzelius failed to make use of Faraday's electrochemical laws in his laborious determination of equivalent weights.
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eng_Latn
| 148,704 |
The author addresses the effect on the performance of the DTTL (data transition tracking loop) symbol synchronizer of the signal transition variation due to signal transition density, data asymmetry, and sinusoidal modulation. It is shown that the combination of these factors will indeed affect the DTTL performance, e.g. clock jitter and cycle slippage rate, and that worst-case performance may result if the parameters are not well selected. Typical numerical results are shown. >
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Bit synchronization in the presence of asymmetric channel noise has not appeared in the open literature. It is the purpose of this paper to study the tracking performance (clock jitter and cycle slip rate) of a popular digital clock synchronizer, the digital data transition tracking loop (DTTL), in the presence of asymmetric noise. Related parameters of interest, the transition density and data asymmetry, are also included. Acquisition performance (frequency acquisition time) is discussed in the absence of noise. A comparison of the DTTL and crossspectrum synchronization loop (CSSL) is also provided. Numerical results are Presented for the design of a bit synchronizer in this environment.
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We prove that groups acting geometrically on delta-quasiconvex spaces contain no essential Baumslag-Solitar quotients as subgroups. This implies that they are translation discrete, meaning that the translation numbers of their nontorsion elements are bounded away from zero.
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eng_Latn
| 148,756 |
The intervals at which homogeneous flashes recover masked targets.
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The recovery effect may be induced by the introduction of a homogeneous blank flash after a patterned mask. It is not clear which parameters optimize the effect. In this study, the effect of systematical variation of the different interstimulus intervals on performance was investigated. Conditions in which the blank flash preceded the patterned mask were included. The important parameter is shown to be the interval between Mask 1 and Mask 2. For optimal recovery, this value has to be 0–20 msec. It is argued that these results, as well as a number of other recovery findings, can be explained by the suppressing influence of homogeneous flashes on contour processing channels in the visual system.
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It is the purpose of this paper to introduce a novel estimator for the extremal index of an instantaneous function {f(Xn)}n of a regenerative Harris Markov chain X, based on the renewal properties of the latter. The estimate proposed may be viewed as a "regenerative version" of the runs estimator, insofar as it measures the clustering tendency of high threshold exceedances within regeneration cycles. Strong consistency of this estimator is established under mild stochastic stability assumptions and a simulation result is displayed in the case when the underlying chain is the waiting process related to a simple M/M/1 queue.
|
eng_Latn
| 148,799 |
Design of Embedded Controllers Based on Anytime Computing
|
In this paper, we present a methodology for designing embedded controllers based on the so-called anytime control paradigm. A control law is split into a sequence of subroutine calls, each one fulfilling a control goal and refining the result produced by the previous one. We propose a design methodology to define a feedback controller structured in accordance with this paradigm and show how a switching policy of selecting the controller subroutines can be designed that provides stability guarantees for the closed-loop system. The cornerstone of this construction is a stochastic model describing the probability of executing, in each activation of the controller, the different subroutines. We show how this model can be constructed for realistic real-time task sets and provide an experimental validation of the approach.
|
Summary form only given, as follows. A study is presented of precision constraints imposed by a hybrid chip architecture with analog neurons and digital backpropagation calculations. Conversions between the analog and digital domains and weight storage restrictions impose precision limits on both analog and digital calculations. It is shown through simulations that a learning system of this nature can be implemented in spite of limited resolution in the analog circuits and using fixed-point arithmetic to implement the backpropagation algorithm. >
|
eng_Latn
| 148,822 |
The design of real-time distributed arrival time control system in a cell manufacturing
|
In this study a real-time distributed arrival time control system in a cell manufacturing system for JIT-oriented production environment is designed. The distributed arrival time control (DATC) system is introduced to improve the scalability and practicality of the assembly cells manufacturing systems in heterarchical manufacturing systems. The simulation experiments are implemented to present the advantage of this new control system under JIT environment. The results indicate that DATC used in assembly cells was effective and can handle a wide range of variability with little change in mean squared deviation. The research also shows that distributed arrival time control system can provide the stability of the scheduling of manufacturing system.
|
This paper addresses the problem of channel and propagation delay estimation in asynchronous DS/CDMA systems. We consider the uplink connection in DS/CDMA with long spreading codes. The MIMO stochastic gradient algorithm proposed in [6] is estimating a linear combination of the channel impulse responses and the propagation delays. This estimate suffices for the equalization purposes. The propagation delays are estimated with a simple matching scheme.
|
eng_Latn
| 148,849 |
Parametric delay and area models for adders
|
This paper derives delay and area estimates for the four major adder types: ripple carry, carry skip, carry select, and carry lookahead. The models take into consideration gate area variation and gate delay variation as a function of fan-in for various size AND and OR gates. In addition, layout considerations are also modeled. Equations for the time to the final sum and carry bit are derived for all the adders. In addition, equations for the area of the various adders are derived. Naive (or simple) models that do not take into account varying gate delays and area are provided for comparison. In conclusion, the models are applied to 16 bit adders for comparison and some suggestions are made for extending the models. >
|
A study of the factors which affect the fold kinematic activities has been presented,through the design analysis,the sensitivity of acceleration vs.design was obtained.According to the sensitivity,the lengths of linkage and crank were determined as design variables.The optimization technique was applied to an ADAMS Model so as to minimize the value of acceleration.The result showed that the value of jerk was also improved while the value of acceleration was optimizing.It will improve the vibration properties and be the foundation of dynamics simulation later on.
|
eng_Latn
| 148,853 |
A Survey of Blue-Noise Sampling and Its Applications
|
In this paper, we survey recent approaches to blue-noise sampling and discuss their beneficial applications. We discuss the sampling algorithms that use points as sampling primitives and classify the sampling algorithms based on various aspects, e.g., the sampling domain and the type of algorithm. We demonstrate several well-known applications that can be improved by recent blue-noise sampling techniques, as well as some new applications such as dynamic sampling and blue-noise remeshing.
|
The purpose of this note is to document some work done as part of the effort directed at designing and simulating a bunch-by-bunch feedback system to control longitudinal coupled bunch instabilities in the B-factory. In particular, I discuss the ring model used in the simulation program developed to study this feedback system. Basically the simulation is a simple tracking program in which the rf drive voltage, the wakefields due to all the bunches, the synchrotron radiation losses, and the kicks applied to the bunches by the bunch-by-bunch feedback are all modelled as voltages applied at a single, discrete point in the ring. The computation of the bunch-by-bunch feedback voltages may of course be done by any desired algorithms. An example and discussion of the general behavior without bunch-by-bunch feedback is given at the end of this report.
|
eng_Latn
| 148,859 |
Stability of the semi-implicit Milstein numerical method for the stochastic differential delay equations
|
The paper deals with the stability of the semi-implicit Milstein method for stochastic differential e-quations with time delay. By studying the difference equation, which is the outcome of applying the numerical method to a linear test equation, conditions under which the method is MS-stable and GMS-stable are determined. Moreover, some numerical experiments are given.
|
This paper presents a kind of symbol synchronization based on cyclic prefix.This algorithm based on ML estimation algorithm,improve and simplifies symbol synchronization method in the operation,not only optimises the system in hardware resources, but also improves the performance of estimation.By simulating in Matlab and implementing in FPGA based on the IEEE 802.11a,we successfully further verified the feasibility of the algorithm.The results show that the system is reliable and can meet the design requirements.
|
eng_Latn
| 148,884 |
Development of On-line Weld Metal Detection System Based on Active Infrared Technology
|
The paper shows a new weld metal detection system which adopts active infrared technology on the base of the study of the change of microstructure and chemical ingredient of weld in welding process.The system is suitable for actual application environment and has characteristics of stable、rapid and high-precision.
|
In this paper we present NWIRE, a new management architecture for metacomputing systems. After the general introduction of the architecture we first describe the properties that are relevant for scheduling. Then we derive general requirements for scheduling strategies in metasystems and point out differences to conventional job scheduling for parallel processors. This leads to the metacomputing scheduling concept of NWIRE which is based on a brokerage and trading approach.
|
eng_Latn
| 148,926 |
The research of RRC connection establishment and co-simulation of SDL and TTCN
|
This paper introduces and analyzes the LTE RRC sub-layer protocol stack structure and function, designs the state and the state conversion process of the RRC sub-layer. It also designs the realization of the RRC connection establishment process. And we simplify signaling interaction between layers based on the characteristics of the project. Finally, it designs the simulation of SDL flowchart of the RRC connection establishment process. Through the MSC map generated by the Co-Simulation of SDL and TTCN, we can verify the correctness of the designed signaling process.
|
The specification of non-functional requirements, e. g., on timing forms an essential part of modern system design. Modeling languages such as MARTE/CCSL provide dedicated description means enabling engineers to formally define the ticking of the clocks to be implemented in terms of clock constraints and the actually intended timing behavior in terms of instant relations. But thus far, instant relations have only been utilized in order to monitor the correct execution of the clock constraints. In this work, we propose a methodology which, for the first time, verifies clock constraints against the given instant relations. To this end, the timing behavior is represented in terms of an automaton followed by its verification through satisfiability solvers. A case study illustrates the application of the proposed methodology.
|
eng_Latn
| 148,929 |
Simulation and modeling of blended constant-frequency and variable-frequency air-conditioner
|
The conventional constant frequency airconditioner (CFAC) and the inverter based variable-frequency air-conditioner (VFAC) are increasingly used now. The study of air-conditioner based load and its impact on power system is greatly demanded. In this paper, the characteristics of CFAC and VFAC are investigated, respectively. Then, a modeling method of blended air-conditioner (BAC) load is proposed, and parameters of CFAC and VFAC are studied in detail. Later, the proposed model is tested in real power system. It is found that the characteristics of blended air-conditioner model is strongly related to the composition proportion of CFAC and VFAC, and they apparently affect power grids especially on voltage/reactive power issues.
|
Efficient operation of IBM Vermont’s 200mm semiconductor wafer fabrication facility is essential to achieve the objective of transforming the site into a world class foundry manufacturer. To that end, we develop a fluctuation smoothing for the variation of cycle time (FSVCT) production control policy capable of allowing for a diversity of cycle time commitments. The policy directs which lot should next receive processing when a tool becomes available. In the absence of a validated cycle time model for the fabricator, we obtain estimates of achievable cycle time performance in the presence of business constraints on the cycle times of certain lots via a consequence of Little’s law. The mean and variation of cycle time implications for IBM Vermont’s facility are highlighted.
|
eng_Latn
| 148,938 |
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