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can being scared cause anxiety | For example, little to mild fear can be experienced as nervousness, concern, or apprehension. Mild to moderate fear can be experienced as agitation, anxiety, and worry. And moderate to extreme fear can be experienced as being frightened, scared, terrified, or hysterical. Fear ALWAYS produces an associated stress (emergency) response. The degree of stress response is directly proportional to the degree of fear. | The most common cause of feeling afraid all the time is apprehensive behavior (thinking and acting in an apprehensive manner, such as worry). Apprehensive behavior creates the physiological, psychological, and emotional state of being anxious (anxiety). | eng_Latn | 2,700 |
agitation definition | Agitation may refer to: 1 Agitation (action), putting into motion by shaking or stirring, often to achieve mixing. 2 An emotional state of excitement or restlessness Psychomotor agitation, an extreme form of the above, which can be part of a mental illness or a side effect of anti-psychotic medication. | Agitation is a common symptom of severe anxiety. The chemicals in your brain that cause anxiety can, in large amounts, lead to agitation. Likewise, some people develop a fear of becoming agitated. If you have that fear, then agitation could lead to anxiety. | eng_Latn | 2,701 |
what is hemophobia? | Blood phobia. Blood phobia (also AE: hemophobia or BE: haemophobia) is the extreme and irrational fear of blood, a type of specific phobia. Severe cases of this fear can cause physical reactions that are uncommon in most other fears, specifically vasovagal syncope (fainting). Similar reactions can also occur with trypanophobia and traumatophobia. | slide 1 of 5. Definition Haphephobia is an anxiety causing fear that can greatly interfere with the person's life who has it. Itâs not half of a phobia, despite what it sounds like; itâs a full blown abnormal, yet palpable, dread. | eng_Latn | 2,702 |
what is trait anxiety | anxiety reaction a reaction characterized by abnormal apprehension or uneasiness; see also anxiety disorders. separation anxiety apprehension due to removal of significant persons or familiar surroundings, common in infants 12 to 24 months old; see also separation anxiety disorder. | Anxiety is an emotion characterized by an unpleasant state of inner turmoil, often accompanied by nervous behavior, such as pacing back and forth, somatic complaints and rumination. It is the subjectively unpleasant feelings of dread over anticipated events, such as the feeling of imminent death. | eng_Latn | 2,703 |
meaning of fear | The definition of fear is an emotion caused by anxiety or the uneasiness of being afraid of something or someone. An example of fear is the feeling felt in a haunted house. | uk â /fɪÉr/ us â /fɪr/. B1 an unpleasant emotion or thought that you have when you are frightened or worried by something dangerous, painful, or bad that is happening or might happen: Trembling with fear, she handed over the money to the gunman. Even when the waves grew big, the boy showed no (signs of) fear. I have a fear of heights. | eng_Latn | 2,704 |
what is anxiety disorder symptoms | Symptoms vary depending on the type of anxiety disorder, but general symptoms include: 1 Feelings of panic, fear, and uneasiness. 2 Problems sleeping. 3 Cold or sweaty hands and/or feet.4 Shortness of breath. 5 Heart palpitations. 6 An inability to be still and calm. 7 Dry mouth. 8 Numbness or tingling in the hands or feet.ymptoms vary depending on the type of anxiety disorder, but general symptoms include: 1 Feelings of panic, fear, and uneasiness. 2 Problems sleeping. 3 Cold or sweaty hands and/or feet. 4 Shortness of breath. | Generalized anxiety disorder not only affects the way a person thinks, feels, and behaves, but can lead to physical symptoms as well. Signs and symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder include: excessive, ongoing worry and tension. | eng_Latn | 2,705 |
agitation meaning | noun. Agitation is defined as the state of feeling irritated or restless. An example of someone who is in a state of agitation is a person who is mad at his relative because of something unkind which was said but does not know what to say or do.The definition of agitation refers to the process of moving something forcefully or violently.gitation is defined as the state of feeling irritated or restless. An example of someone who is in a state of agitation is a person who is mad at his relative because of something unkind which was said but does not know what to say or do. | Agitation. 1 anxiety. 2 bigger, dilated, or enlarged pupils of the eyes. 3 confusion as to time, place, or person. 4 dark-colored urine. 5 diarrhea. 6 dizziness, faintness, or lightheadedness when getting up suddenly from a lying or sitting position. 7 dry eyes, mouth, nose, or throat. 8 false or unusual sense of well-being. | eng_Latn | 2,706 |
what causes pathological anxiety | When the intensity, duration, and/or frequency of anxiety become distressful and chronic, such that it interferes with a person's functioning, it is often referred to as pathological anxiety.Anxiety disorders represent variant forms of this pathological anxiety.hese three factors-duration, intensity, and frequency-distinguish normal, adaptive anxiety from abnormal, pathological anxiety. As such, abnormal anxiety is different from normal anxiety because it is disproportionate to the situation that elicited the anxious response. | Pathological, Abnormal Anxiety. As noted previously, normal anxiety is actually beneficial. However, anxiety becomes a problem when it overstays its welcome (duration), and/or is of an intensity or frequency which begins to interfere with a person's functioning and overall well-being. These three factors- duration, intensity, and frequency- distinguish normal, adaptive anxiety from abnormal, pathological anxiety. | eng_Latn | 2,707 |
what does ams stand for in medical terms | home / medterms medical dictionary a-z list / ams (atypical measles syndrome) definition Medical Definition of AMS (atypical measles syndrome) AMS (atypical measles syndrome): An altered expression of measles, AMS begins suddenly with high fever, headache, cough, and abdominal pain. The rash may appear 1 to 2 days later, often beginning on the limbs. Swelling of the hands and feet may occur. Pneumonia is common and may persist for 3 months or more. | Altered mental status (ams) is a relative term, and includes many distinctly different... medical causes of anxiety include hypoxia from any etiology... | eng_Latn | 2,708 |
what phobia is fear of the truth | See more of Umbitchophobia:the fear of telling the truth by logging into Facebook. Message this Page, learn about upcoming events and more. If you don't have a Facebook account, you can create one to see more of this Page. | As with all phobias, a fear of long words is an irrational fear. This does not make it any easier to live with, than any other irrational fear, such as fear of heights, fear of open spaces, fear of spiders etc. | eng_Latn | 2,709 |
what is the phobia of no music | What is Melophobia? Melophobia is the fear of music. The origin comes from the Greek word melopoeia (which is the art of forming melody) and phobia is Greek (meaning fear). Melophobia is considered to be a specific phobia, which is discussed on the home page. | Phonophobia is an anxiety disorder, not a hearing disorder. Phonophobia is a fear of loud sounds. Phonophobia is also called ligyrophobia. The name âPhonophobiaâ originates from the Greek words for sound and fear. Phonophobia is not a hearing disorder. Sudden loud and unexpected sound can cause anxiety attacks in a person who suffers from Phonophobia. People with Phonophobia may be fearful of devices that can suddenly emit loud sounds, such as alarms. | eng_Latn | 2,710 |
what disabilities qualify for social security disability | How to Qualify for Social Security Disability Insurance benefits (SSDI). You may qualify for SSDI benefits if you meet the following requirements: 1 You cannot do any substantial work due to a physically or mentally disabling medical condition.2 You have a disability that has lasted or be expected to last at least 1 year, or result in death. 3 You are under the age of 65.f you do not qualify for SSDI because you have not worked 5 out of the last 10 years, you may still qualify to receive disability benefits through Supplemental Security Income. This program is available for those who are disabled but have not earned enough credits to qualify for disability insurance benefits. | Anxiety Disorders. To qualify for Social Security disability benefits with an anxiety disorder, the medical evidence must show that you have at least one of the following: Persistent anxiety with appropriate symptoms (i.e., motor tension, apprehensive expectation, etc.) Constant irrational fear. | eng_Latn | 2,711 |
how many people suffer from speech anxiety | The Number One Fear. Of all the phobias out there, public speaking is considered the highest. It affects 3 out of 4 people or 75% of individuals that suffer from speech anxiety. It also accounts for 19% and the largest majority of those suffering from some form of phobia out there. The top 10 listing of phobias is located below. You do not have to let your fear of public speaking rule your life. | Anxietyâthe most common of all mental disordersâcurrently affects about one in 13 people (7.3 percent). The studies are the worldâs most comprehensive reviews of research on major depression and anxiety, the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study that will be released later this year. | eng_Latn | 2,712 |
what is the social anxiety disorder | Social anxiety disorder. Social anxiety disorder (SAD), also known as social phobia, is an anxiety disorder characterized by a significant amount of fear in one or more social situations, causing considerable distress and impaired ability to function in at least some parts of daily life. | ICD-10 defines social anxiety disorder (social phobias) as fear of scrutiny by other people leading to avoidance of social situations. The anxiety symptoms may present as a complaint of blushing, hand tremor, nausea or urgency of micturition. Symptoms may progress to panic attacks. | eng_Latn | 2,713 |
how common is social anxiety | Of those people, some will have a more extreme form of social anxiety. Between 2% and 13% of the population is thought to have social anxiety to the point that it would be considered social anxiety disorder (SAD). | Anxiety is one of the most prevalent of all psychiatric disorders in the general population. Simple phobia is the most common anxiety disorder, with up to 49% of people reporting an unreasonably strong fear and 25% of those people meeting criteria for simple phobia. Social anxiety disorder is the next most common disorder of anxiety, with roughly 13% of people reporting symptoms that meet the DSM criteria. | eng_Latn | 2,714 |
what is ocd | 1 Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) is an anxiety disorder characterized by irresistible thoughts or images (obsessions) and/or rigid rituals/behaviors that may be driven by obsessions (compulsions). | What Is Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder? Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is an anxiety disorder in which time people have recurring, unwanted thoughts, ideas or sensations (obsessions) that make them feel driven to do something repetitively (compulsions). | eng_Latn | 2,715 |
social phobia definition | Social anxiety disorder, also called social phobia, is a type of anxiety disorder that causes extreme fear in social settings. People with this disorder have trouble talking to people, meeting new people, and attending social gatherings. They fear being judged or scrutinized by others. | Medical Definition of Sociophobia. Sociophobia: Fear of social gatherings, fear of socializing, fear of embarrassment in social situations that is extremely intrusive and can have markedly debilitating effects on personal and professional relationships. Phobias are persistent, excessive, irrational fears of certain objects or situations. | eng_Latn | 2,716 |
how many people suffer from ocd | In the U.S., approximately 3.3 million people have OCD, of which you have 0.3 to 1% of pediatric population and 2% of adult population. So about 1 out of 200 adults have OCD and twice as many have had OCD at 1 point or another in their life. | Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is an anxiety disorder that is the fourth most common mental illness in the U.S. (8) . OCD affects five million Americans, or one in five people (3) .CD sufferers can also be subject to hyperscrupulosity, which involves extreme worry and anxiety for the safety of others. Another form of OCD is body dysmorphia. This is a condition where people become excessively focused on some body part which they perceive to be grossly malformed (1) . | eng_Latn | 2,717 |
is ocd neurological or psychological | The cause of OCD is not known. Research indicates that OCD is a neurological brain disorder. Evidence suggests that people with OCD have a deficiency of a chemical in the brain called serotonin. OCD tends to run in families, suggesting a genetic component. However, OCD may also develop without a family history of OCD. | Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is an anxiety disorder characterized by recurrent and disturbing thoughts (called obsessions) and/or repetitive, ritualized behaviors that the person feels driven to perform (called compulsions). Obsessions can also take the form of intrusive images or unwanted impulses. | eng_Latn | 2,718 |
ocd symptoms and causes | The symptoms of OCD include both obsessive and compulsive behaviors. Signs of obsession include: 1 Repeated unwanted ideas. 2 Fear of contamination. 3 Aggressive impulses. 4 Persistent sexual thoughts.5 Images of hurting someone you love. 6 Thoughts that you might cause others harm. 7 Thoughts that you might be harmed.motional Symptoms of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder. Sufferers of OCD are generally very anxious and emotional. They display many non-OCD symptoms, such as signs of depression, excessive worry, extreme tension, and the constant feeling that nothing is ever right. | Emotional Symptoms of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Sufferers of OCD are generally very anxious and emotional. They display many non-OCD symptoms, such as signs of depression, excessive worry, extreme tension, and the constant feeling that nothing is ever right. | eng_Latn | 2,719 |
what is death anxiety | Death Anxiety - Thanatophobia, and the Fear of Death. Posted on July 29, 2016. Immortality is something that many people strive for. Aging itself is a frightening concept, and there is this hope that people have that they can find the cure that will make them live forever, along with a fear of death that controls human behavior. | However, intense and prolonged anxiety is a disorder that may interfere with your daily activities and relationships. Many people with cancer experience symptoms of anxiety, with fears triggered by the uncertainties of a cancer diagnosis. Fear of death from the cancer may be a concern. | eng_Latn | 2,720 |
is ocd considered a mental illness | Transforming the understanding. and treatment of mental illnesses. Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is a common, chronic and long-lasting disorder in which a person has uncontrollable, reoccurring thoughts (obsessions) and behaviors (compulsions) that he or she feels the urge to repeat over and over. | Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is an anxiety disorder in which people have unwanted and repeated thoughts, feelings, images, and sensations (obsessions) and engage in behaviors or mental acts in response to these thoughts or obsessions.Often the person carries out the behaviors to reduce the impact or get rid of the obsessive thoughts, but this ... | eng_Latn | 2,721 |
obsessive neurosis definition | Medical Definition of OBSESSIONAL NEUROSIS. : an obsessive-compulsive disorder in which obsessive thinking predominates with little need to perform compulsive acts. an obsessive-compulsive disorder in which obsessive thinking predominates with little need to perform compulsive acts. | Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a type of anxiety disorder. Anxiety disorder is the experience of prolonged, excessive worry about circumstances in one's life. OCD is characterized by distressing repetitive thoughts, impulses or images that are intense, frightening, absurd, or unusual. These thoughts are followed by ritualized actions that are usually bizarre and irrational. | eng_Latn | 2,722 |
characteristics of ocd | Transforming the understanding. and treatment of mental illnesses. Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is a common, chronic and long-lasting disorder in which a person has uncontrollable, reoccurring thoughts (obsessions) and behaviors (compulsions) that he or she feels the urge to repeat over and over. People with OCD may have symptoms of obsessions, compulsions, or both. These symptoms can interfere with all aspects of life, such as work, school, and personal relationships. Obsessions are repeated thoughts, urges, or mental images that cause anxiety. | Organizational Characteristics Database (OCD) The AAMC Organizational Characteristics Database (OCD) provides information on a number of salient dimensions about the organizational characteristics of medical schools. The OCD now includes the teaching hospitals most recently reported primary medical school affiliate. | eng_Latn | 2,723 |
how to cope with ocd | Coping with obsessive-compulsive disorder can be challenging. Medications can have unwanted side effects, and you might feel embarrassed or angry about having a condition that requires long-term treatment. Here are some ways to help cope with OCD: 1 Learn about OCD.2 Education about your condition can empower you and motivate you to stick to your treatment plan. 3 Join a support group.4 Support groups for people with OCD can help you reach out to others facing similar challenges. 5 Stay focused on your goals.ere are some ways to help cope with OCD: 1 Learn about OCD. 2 Join a support group. 3 Stay focused on your goals. 4 Find healthy outlets. 5 Learn relaxation and stress management. 6 Stick with your regular activities. 7 Lifestyle and home remedies. 8 Prevention. | Better to do a bit more exposure than not enough. 23. Remember that in OCD, the problem is not the anxiety â the problem is the compulsions. If you think the anxiety is the problem, you will only do more compulsions to get rid of it (which will only create more anxiety).9. Try to not rush through your therapy homework so that you donât have to feel as much anxiety. Take your time, and see if you can view it in terms of all the good it will do you. Getting it over with as quickly as possible is not the goal â raising a moderate level of anxiety and staying with it is the goal. 20. | eng_Latn | 2,724 |
what it means to be obsessed | Report Abuse. 1 Obsessed Meaning. Source(s): https://shorte.im/ba7D7. 2 Obsessed means you need to draw a line. You should only go to a certain extent. 3 Being obsessed with something or someone basically means that you live for the person or the something which you simply cannot get enough of. | Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a type of anxiety disorder. If you have OCD, you have frequent, upsetting thoughts called obsessions. To try to control the thoughts, you feel an overwhelming urge to repeat certain rituals or behaviors. | eng_Latn | 2,725 |
is social anxiety diagnosed | The DSM-IV criteria stated that an individual cannot receive a diagnosis of social anxiety disorder if their symptoms are better accounted for by one of the autism spectrum disorders such as autism and Asperger syndrome. | Treatment with a combination of medicines and professional counseling is often effective for generalized social anxiety disorder (fear of most public interaction). Some people need treatment throughout their lives, while others may recover completely after a period of treatment with counseling and medicines. | eng_Latn | 2,726 |
define social anxiety disorder | Psychologist/Director, Social Anxiety Institute. Social anxiety is the fear of interaction with other people that brings on self-consciousness, feelings of being negatively judged and evaluated, and, as a result, leads to avoidance. | Social Anxiety Disorder. Social Anxiety Disorder is a type of social phobia characterized by a fear of being negatively judged by others or a fear of public embarrassment due to impulsive actions. This includes feelings such as stage fright, a fear of intimacy, and a fear of humiliation. | eng_Latn | 2,727 |
what is hoarding disorder | Hoarding is a disorder that may be present on its own or as a symptom of another disorder. Those most often associated with hoarding are obsessive-compulsive personality disorder (OCPD), obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and depression. | Researchers have only recently begun to study hoarding, and it was first defined as a mental disorder in the 5th edition of the DSM in 2013.or many years, hoarding has been listed as a symptom or a subtype of obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) and obsessiveâcompulsive personality disorder (OCPD). Obsessive compulsive disorder is a type of anxiety disorder. | eng_Latn | 2,728 |
what are social ills | A social issue is a problem that influences a considerable number of the individuals within a society. It is often the consequence of factors extending beyond an individual's social issue is the source of a conflicting opinion on the grounds of what is perceived as a morally just personal life or societal order. | What Is Social Anxiety Disorder? Social anxiety disorder, sometimes referred to as social phobia, is a type of anxiety disorder that causes extreme fear in social settings. People with this disorder have trouble talking to people, meeting new people, and attending social gatherings. They fear being judged or scrutinized by others. | eng_Latn | 2,729 |
what disorder causes anger at loud chewing | The condition is called misophonia -- literally hatred of sound -- and occurs when a common noise, whether it's something like a person chewing loudly, water dripping or someone ahem-ing, causes you to become anxious or angry, more so than a typical response, TODAY reported. | This section shows a full list of all the diseases and conditions listed as a possible cause of Anger in our database from various sources. 1 Borderline Personality Disorder - anger. 2 Childhood depression - anger. 3 Epilepsy - anger. Lead poisoning - uncontrollable 1 rages. Mania - anger. Mild Traumatic Brain Injury - anger. | eng_Latn | 2,730 |
is it normal for a person to have a fear of death | Death is a World Fear. It should be noted that death is more of a universal fear. You can have a fear of death without having an anxiety disorder, since death is something that most people fear at some point in their lives. That's why taking my 7 minute anxiety test is so important.ear of Death as a Symptom or as a Cause. It's also important to note that there is a significant difference between those whose life is altered by their fear of death, and those that have a fear of death that acts as a symptom of their disorder. | For example, hypochondriasis occurs when a person develops health anxiety. That health anxiety is, of course, rooted in a fear of death. Similarly, panic attacks can also be caused by and create a fear of death. Those with panic attacks often develop a deep awareness of their own body and the way they feel. | eng_Latn | 2,731 |
obsession psychology definition | Psychology of obsession. The definition of obsession is: the inability of a person to stop thinking about a particular topic or feeling a certain emotion without a high amount of anxiety. When obsessed, an individual continues the obsession in order to avoid the consequent anxiety. | An obsession is a recurrent or unrelenting idea, impulse, or image that may cause severe anxiety. These ideas are irresistible to the OCD sufferer despite the person's usually understanding that these ideas are irrational. That understanding may lead to their feeling guilt at being unable to resist having the ideas. | eng_Latn | 2,732 |
what does no fear mean | No Fear. No Fear is an American lifestyle clothing brand that was created in 1989 by Mark Simo, Brian Simo, and Marty Moates. No Fear Inc. products are sold at various retail stores and company owned stores.It also offers No Fear energy drinks under the same brand, in a joint venture with Pepsi.The company currently employs about 450 people. On February 25, 2011, they filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy.o Fear Inc. products are sold at various retail stores and company owned stores. It also offers No Fear energy drinks under the same brand, in a joint venture with Pepsi. The company currently employs about 450 people. On February 25, 2011, they filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy. | 1 John 4:18-19. There is no fear in love â No slavish or tormenting fear, diffidence, or distrust, can be where love reigns; but perfect, mature love casteth out such fear, because such fear hath torment â And so is inconsistent with the happiness of love. | eng_Latn | 2,733 |
what causes a racing mind | Racing Mind (Definition) Racing mind is a symptom in which a person's thoughts move very fast, often jumping from one subject to another. It can be due to a psychiatric illness, drug abuse, medicine side effects, etc ...Read more. | But having racing thoughts does not mean you're out of control or crazy. It does mean that you are anxious and that your stress level is higher than usual. Here are some ways you can work to calm your mind and stop racing thoughts: 1. Use cognitive distancing. | eng_Latn | 2,734 |
is ocd classified as a mental illness | OCD is considered a mental illness. Many mental illnesses do last for a lifetime. However, they can be controlled with treatment. Sometimes the severity of the illness improves over time, some people may go into complete remission, never have symptoms again, and no longer need medication. | Best Medication for Sufferers of OCD, MDD and Anxiety. Many individuals with a mental illness diagnosis of obsessive compulsive disorder, major depressive disorder and/or anxiety will have excellent results with the use of medications. SSRIâs are the most widely prescribed medications in the treatment of OCD. It is not uncommon for those suffering with obsessive compulsive disorder ( OCD) to develop other forms of mental illness. Major depressive disorder (MDD) and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) are the most common diagnosisâs that are associate with OCD. | eng_Latn | 2,735 |
Planning, estimation and productivity in the lean concrete pour | Flow Production of Construction Processes through Implementing Lean Construction Principles and Simulation | Tuberculosis deaths are predictable and preventable: Comprehensive assessment and clinical care is the key | eng_Latn | 2,736 |
After its critical design review, the F-22 program encountered several design and manufacturing problems that resulted in design changes, labor inefficiencies, cost increases, and schedule delays. | The F-22 program had multiple issues which lead to design changes and cost increases. | Despite a critical design review, the F-22 program was found to be perfect and was on schedule to complete far below the estimated costs. | eng_Latn | 2,737 |
Technology Analysis About a Collapse Accident of a Highway Bridge Pier Formwork | Technical reasons analysis about a collapse accident of a new-building highway super large bridge pier formwork | Technical reasons analysis about a collapse accident of a new-building highway super large bridge pier formwork | eng_Latn | 2,738 |
Comparison Tower Design Criterion of Transmission Line Tower in China with America | There are differences and similarities between China and America in calculation of tower. Now we compare and analyze the load, design method and structure about tower structure designing between Technical Regulation of Design for Tower and Pole Structure of Overhead Transmission Line(DL/T 5154-2012)and Design of Latticed Steel Transmission Structures(ASCE 10-97).This is for all designer fellows' reference, and further discussion will be favorably received. | ![Figure][1] ::: ::: The biblical story of the Tower of Babel [(1)][2], in which people could not coexist because of the different languages they spoke, provides a telling analogy for the state of contemporary clinical practice guideline development. The cardiology community and, more importantly, | eng_Latn | 2,739 |
The electric utility portion was developed using the Integrated Planning Model (IPM). | The Integrated Planning Model was used to develop the electric utility portion. | The Integrated Planning Model proved not to be able to create the electric portion. | eng_Latn | 2,740 |
Automated Pavement Management Systems for Agencies | ROLES OF METROPOLITAN PLANNING ORGANIZATIONS IN PAVEMENT MANAGEMENT | Dynamic Probabilistic Approach for Long-Term Pavement Restoration Program with Added User Cost | eng_Latn | 2,741 |
Automated safety planning approach for residential construction sites in Malaysia | Identifying elements of poor construction safety management in China | Why I have abandoned robot-assisted transaxillary thyroid surgery | eng_Latn | 2,742 |
Analysis of investments in autonomous maintenance activities | DRAWING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE TECHNOLOGICAL LEVEL OF A MANUFACTURING SYSTEM AND THE MAINTENANCE POLICIES | Why I have abandoned robot-assisted transaxillary thyroid surgery | eng_Latn | 2,743 |
Complex assembly variant design in agile manufacturing. Part I: System architecture and assembly modeling methodology | Boundary models for assembly knowledge representation | Matrix management: not a structure, a frame of mind. | eng_Latn | 2,744 |
Integrating GIS with Cellular Automaton Model for Railway Transportation Safety System | Integrating GIS and spatial data analysis: problems and possibilities | Why I have abandoned robot-assisted transaxillary thyroid surgery | kor_Hang | 2,745 |
This paper presents a bi-objective mixed integer programming model for operations scheduling in virtual manufacturing cells where outsourcing is allowed, and set-up times are considered to be sequence dependent. Two objective functions of the model are the minimisation of the maximum completion time (or makespan) and the minimisation of the total cost of inter and intra-plant transportation. Two multi-objective solution algorithms are then developed to solve the proposed model. The first algorithm is an ε-constraint method which can find the exact set of efficient solutions for small-size problems. Since the investigated problem is non-polynomial (NP) hard, exact algorithms cannot be used for large-scale real-world cases and, therefore, a bi-objective genetic algorithm (GA) is developed as the second algorithm. A numerical example is given to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed model and solution algorithms. The results reveal the superiority of the proposed model over the base models and demonstrate that in comparison with the ε-constraint method, the proposed GA can obtain efficient solutions in much less computational time. | Proposes a virtual cellular manufacturing approach to implementing cellular manufacturing systems that combines the set‐up efficiency typically obtained by traditional cellular manufacturing or group technology systems with the flexibility of a job shop. Unlike traditional cellular systems in which the shop is physically designed as a series of cells, cells are formed within a shop utilizing a process layout using scheduling mechanisms. The result is the formation of cells that are temporary and logical (virtual) in nature, allowing them to be more responsive to changes in demand patterns. Simulation runs comparing this approach to production using traditional cellular and job shop approaches indicate that this new approach yields significantly better shop performance over a range of operating conditions. | Blunt trauma abdomen rarely leads to gastrointestinal injury in children and isolated gastric rupture is even rarer presentation. We are reporting a case of isolated gastric rupture after fall from height in a three year old male child. | eng_Latn | 2,746 |
In this paper, we study a scheduling model of production and transportation on a single batching machine. In this model, there are several vehicles with unit capacity that travel between the machine and a holding area. The batching machine can process several jobs as a batch in which the processing time of one batch is the largest processing time among all jobs in the batch. The batching machine needs a setup cost when it processes a new batch. The objective is to minimize the sum of the total completion time and total setup cost. We prove that the problem is strongly NP-hard. An integrated heuristic is developed for the general problem. We study the value of production-transportation integration by comparing our integrated approach with two sequential approaches where scheduling decisions for job production are made first, followed by job transportation decisions. Computational experiments show that a significant benefit can be achieved by integration in many cases. | In most manufacturing and distribution systems, semi-finished jobs are transferred from one processing facility to another by transporters such as automated guided vehicles (AGVs) and conveyors, and finished jobs are delivered to customers or warehouses by vehicles such as trucks. Most machine scheduling models assume either that there are an infinite number of transporters for delivering jobs or that jobs are delivered instantaneously from one location to another without transportation time involved. In this paper, we study machine scheduling problems with explicit transportation considerations. Models are considered for two types of transportation situations. The first situation involves transporting a semi-finished job from one machine to another for further processing. The second appears in the environment of delivering a finished job to the customer or warehouse. Both transportation capacity and transportation times are explicitly taken into account in our models. We study this class of scheduling problems by analysing their complexity. We show that many problems are computationally difficult and propose polynomial or pseudo-polynomial algorithms for some problems. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. | Blunt trauma abdomen rarely leads to gastrointestinal injury in children and isolated gastric rupture is even rarer presentation. We are reporting a case of isolated gastric rupture after fall from height in a three year old male child. | eng_Latn | 2,747 |
This paper analyses two ideation principles: idea accessibility and idea connectivity. Access refers to the likelihood to generate a particu- lar idea or set of ideas for a given design task. Connectivity refers to the likelihood of one idea leading to other ideas. These principles are evaluated through a computational model. The results suggest new metrics to assess the value of new ideas. Evaluating new ideas by their accessibility and con- nectivity has the potential to transform current idea generation practice and research. | This paper illustrates the use of a computational form-finding method called ParaGen which aids the designer in the exploration of arrays of good solutions. Although the method is guided by a multi-objective optimization program, the goal is to promote the exploration of the solution space based on designer selected combinations of performance objectives. The digital form generation of the bridges is carried out using Formian, a program which uses Formex algebra to describe a wide array of geometric configurations. This form generation is linked to structural simulation and design software (STAAD. Pro) to determine performance values. Finally, ParaGen is used to build a database of all solutions and guide the exploration based on performance values. Using this database, both visual and numeric characteristics are explored. | We propose a vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) communication system that utilizes a smart antenna technology to increase service coverage and system throughput. During contention-based channel access, a collision occurs when more than one vehicle selects the same minislot to transmit an access signal to an infrastructure. To solve this problem, we propose a group-based channel access scheme. Numerical analysis and simulation results show that the proposed scheme can help to reduce the number of collisions that occur during channel access. | eng_Latn | 2,748 |
Towards a tool-based domain specific approach for railway systems modeling and validation | Applying Formal Reasoning to Model Transformation: The Meeduse solution | Lack of association of the renin-angiotensin system genes polymorphisms and left ventricular hypertrophy in hypertension. | eng_Latn | 2,749 |
Assessing planar asymmetries in shipbuilding from point clouds | Application of Reverse Engineering Technology in Part Design for Shipbuilding Industry | Remarks on Temporal Anchoring: The case of the Armenian aorist | eng_Latn | 2,750 |
Simulation of Railway Network Based on Cellular Automaton Model with Conflict Resolution | Modeling Fixed-Block Railway Signaling System Using Cellular Automata Model | Why I have abandoned robot-assisted transaxillary thyroid surgery | eng_Latn | 2,751 |
GROP: New Algorithm of Optimal Path for GIS-Based Logistics | Research on Shortest Path Searching for Urban Traffic Network Based on GIS | Path collective variables without paths | kor_Hang | 2,752 |
We deal with the problem of assembling several types of PCBs on a machine with multiple pick-insertion heads. We partition the PCB types into subsets, which constitute the modes of operation. The subsets are selected so that the components required for assembly on the PCBs in a subset fit within the limited capacity of the reel carrier. Each PCB type in the subset is assembled successivley lot-by-lot without setup between the lots. Setup is needed only in the changeover between subsets. An optimal assembly mode minimizes the sum of assembly times and setup times of all PCB types demanded. Our approach is to divide the overall problem into three sub-problems: an insertion sequence problem (ISP), a reel positioning problem (RPP), and an optimal assembly mode problem (OAMP). The ISP for each type of PCB is formulated as a traveling salesperson problem for a fixed reel positioning. The RPP is formulated as an assignment problem for which the assignment cost is the sum of the weighted tour costs of the traveling salesperson problems for the subsets of PCB types. The ISPs and RPP are solved by a heuristic algorithm based on the two-optimal local search heuristic for the traveling salesperson problem, and an evolution strategy for the RPP. The OAMP is formulated as a set partitioning problem with added traveling salesperson type constraints. The proposed algorithm was implemented on a real life problem, and the optimal assembly mode was determined. | Component assembly on bare printed circuit boards (PCBs) is performed by automated placement machines. The main time factors of this process include the actual component placement time and the setup time of the machine when changing the PCB type. An optimization method for minimizing the total manufacturing time for a collection of different types of PCBs is given. The method is a hybridization of the unique and group setup methods. Instead of using coarse low level abstraction for the machine operations and time factors, a state-of-the-art optimizer is applied here. | Background ::: Serum calcium (Ca) and inorganic phosphate (Pi) concentrations and calcium-phosphate product (CPP) levels are positively associated with worse outcomes in patients with chronic kidney disease, but there are few data for Pi or Ca and none for CPP in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF). | eng_Latn | 2,753 |
At the conceptual stage of design, designers have only vague ideas of initial shapes that they gradually refine. A tool that supports conceptual design should capture such imprecise features but current CAD systems that are based on precise geometry and topology information cannot satisfy this requirement. This paper presents the representation, construction and display approaches for fuzzy complex shapes. We also discuss techniques for indexing and retrieving of fuzzy shapes in an object relational database with a fuzzy processing module. | Increasing interest in configuration similarity is currently developing in the context of Digital Libraries, Spatial Databases and Geographical Information Systems. The corresponding queries retrieve all database configurations that match an input description (e.g. 'find all configurations where an object x0 is about 5 km north-east of another x1, which, in turn, is inside object x2'). This paper introduces a framework for configuration similarity that takes into account all major types of spatial constraints (topology, direction, and distance). We define appropriate fuzzy similarity measures for each type of constraint to provide flexibility and allow the system to capture real-life needs. Then we apply preprocessing techniques to explicate constraints in the query, and present algorithms that effectively solve the problem. Extensive experimental results demonstrate the applicability of our approach to images and queries of considerable size. | The existence of a winning strategy in the well-known Banach-Mazur game in a completely regular topological space X is proved to be equivalent to the generic existence of solutions of optimization problems generated by continuous functions in X | eng_Latn | 2,754 |
Hydraulic and hydrologic analysis in urban catchments is typically accompanied by a number of uncertainties, such as a lack of required information for modeling purposes or complex loops inside a drainage network. In this article, Gibbs’ stochastic network model is utilized in order to achieve a dendritic network that corresponds to a fully looped network in terms of the peak of the runoff hydrograph at the outlet. A synthetic catchment with a drainage network composed of 8 × 8 grids is introduced to investigate the behavior of a fully looped network for a given rainfall event using the Storm Water Management Model. Dendritic networks are generated from the Gibbsian model for a given value of the parameter, β. The results showed that the shape of the hydrograph and the peak flow of a fully looped network are heavily dependent on the catchment slope. Moreover, the results showed that it is possible to find the corresponding dendritic networks generated by the Gibbsian model that match the fully looped network depending on the catchment slope in terms of peak flows. The results of this study imply the potential improvement of drainage network analysis providing a relationship between the catchment slope of a fully looped network and the corresponding dendritic network generated by the Gibbsian model. | The design of urban drainage systems consists of solving two subproblems: (1) generating the layout and (2) sizing the sewers. The latter includes pipe diameters, installation depths, and pumping facilities, all of which are significantly influenced by the layout configuration. This work aims at introducing a method to solve the layout subproblem based on the graph theory. For a given city, all possible sewer lines and manholes are considered for the sewer network so that an undirected looped graph is initially formed. Next, an adaptive procedure entitled the loop-by-loop cutting algorithm is developed to create feasible sewer layouts from the base graph. Using this algorithm, all constraints of the sewer layout subproblem are systematically handled. By defining an objective function, the optimum layout is achieved by employing a simple genetic algorithm. After the sewer layout is determined, the specifications for pipes and pumps are designed by using a discrete differential dynamic programming m... | We prove that groups acting geometrically on delta-quasiconvex spaces contain no essential Baumslag-Solitar quotients as subgroups. This implies that they are translation discrete, meaning that the translation numbers of their nontorsion elements are bounded away from zero. | eng_Latn | 2,755 |
This paper provides a framework for generating and assessing alternatives in case of disruptions in rail-bound urban public transport systems,. The proposed framework considers the passenger perspective as well as the operator perspective, for the often-used measures of detouring and short-turning. An application of the framework demonstrates that currently used disruption management protocols often do not lead to the optimal solution from the passenger perspective. Furthermore, the optimal choice between alternatives from passenger perspective shows to be dependent on the passenger flows. | In this thesis, we consider the crew rescheduling problem for the tram network of Rotterdam. In recent years, interlining has been introduced into the crew schedule. Interlining means that drivers operate multiple vehicles and lines during their duty. Consequently, crew rescheduling has become more complicated. Therefore, we investigate whether an algorithm could assist in this task. ::: In the last two decades, crew rescheduling methods have been developed and applied in the rail industry. The contribution of this thesis is that we apply such a method to a regional tram network. ::: The problem is formulated as a set covering problem. In this problem, a column corresponds to a driver duty which covers pieces of work. The problem is solved with column generation and therefore split in a restricted master problem and a subproblem. The subproblem is modelled as a resource constrained shortest path problem. ::: The results show that the algorithm is able to repair a disrupted crew schedule within minutes. An experiment with a realistic case shows that the crew rescheduling method allows for new vehicle rescheduling actions. Those actions disturb the crew schedule but are preferable from the passenger perspective. The vehicle rescheduling problem for a tram network is left for further research. | An internal combustion engine structure in which the cylinder head and main bearing caps are linked by a framework of members including pairs of tension members each angled obliquely to the direct line between head and caps. The members of the framework are arranged so as to bear a substantial proportion of the firing loads of the engine in tension or compression without bending, thus relieving other parts of the engine, especially its outer surfaces, from loads under which they would tend to bend and thus emit noise. The framework may also serve to strengthen parts of the engine wall to make it less susceptible to bending. | eng_Latn | 2,756 |
Fusion for Energy (F4E) will manage the European in-kind contribution of various remote handling (RH) systems for the maintenance of ITER components: (i) the divertor cassette movers, end effectors, manipulator arms and tooling; (ii) 50% of the transfer casks, in particular the air transfer systems and some in-cask devices; (iii) the in-vessel viewing and metrology system (IVVS); (iv) the Neutral Beam (NB) Cell crane, manipulator arms, tooling, Caesium Oven replacement tooling, NB source installation/removal trolley, auxiliary vehicles. A wide range of technologies is involved: special monorail crane, movers, manipulator arms, pipe cutting/welding tooling, special cameras, laser-based metrology devices, control systems, virtual reality. An important aspect to consider is the resistance to radiation levels that range from max ∼10 KGy/h for IVVS down to ∼1 Gy/h for the RH devices operating in the NB cell. Given the unprecedented complexity of the ITER maintenance scenario, a development strategy is being implemented that includes prototyping and testing of RH subsystems before proceeding with the final production for ITER. This paper presents an overview of the various procurement packages, the status of development for each of them, the validation and procurement strategy, including issues like radiation resistance and standardisation policy, and the organisational and managerial challenges in relation with the complex ITER Organisation (IO). | Maintenance time is a critical quantitative index in maintainability prediction. ::: An efficient maintenance time measurement methodology plays an important role in early stage of the maintainability design. While traditional way to measure the maintenance time ignores the differences between line production and maintenance action. This paper proposes a corrective MOD method considering several important ergonomics factors to predict the maintenance time. With the help of the DELMIA analysis tools, the influence coefficient of several factors are discussed to correct the MOD value and the designers can measure maintenance time by calculating the sum of the corrective MOD time of each maintenance therbligs. Finally a case study is introduced, by maintaining the virtual prototype of APU motor starter in DELMIA, designer obtains the actual maintenance time by the proposed method, and the result verifies the effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed method. | We prove that groups acting geometrically on delta-quasiconvex spaces contain no essential Baumslag-Solitar quotients as subgroups. This implies that they are translation discrete, meaning that the translation numbers of their nontorsion elements are bounded away from zero. | eng_Latn | 2,757 |
The one-level sealed bidding is studied under the circumstance of project construction in build-operate-transfer (BOT) mode, where the bidding variable is considered separately as concession term, toll per product, payment and the total revenue. A game model with incomplete information among tenderers is presented and the optimal bidding strategies of tenderers are given. When the tenderer's construction cost belongs to uniform distribution, the optimal bidding strategy is related to his cost, the numbers of all tenderers, his relative cost coefficient, demand in unit time and so on. Furthermore, when the anticipations of market demand among the tenderers are different, the optimal bidding strategies under the above bidding variables may fail; when the operation and maintenance cost could be ignored, the bidding variable of total revenue is the best choice. | BOT-type schemes are attracting increasing interest with the growing thrust towards privatizing infrastructure projects in both developing and developed countries. However, an intelligent allocation of risks is a prerequisite to success of this relatively new procurement route, amidst the many variables and unknowns in such ‘long-term’ and more complex scenarios. Concerted efforts from both government and private sectors, as well as appropriate political, legal and economic environments are also essential. This paper identifies and discusses various issues that governments need to deal with, for the BOT mechanism to work smoothly. These issues are further illustrated by relevant examples from Hong Kong experience in evolving an effective BOT project management framework for transportation/tunnel projects. | We prove that groups acting geometrically on delta-quasiconvex spaces contain no essential Baumslag-Solitar quotients as subgroups. This implies that they are translation discrete, meaning that the translation numbers of their nontorsion elements are bounded away from zero. | eng_Latn | 2,758 |
Although energy management systems are expected to result in decreased energy consumption, it is important not to overlook the energy used until commissioning (including raw materials acquisition, manufacturing and transportation) and during the usage phase (including operation and maintenance). This paper examines the energy performance of an intelligent energy management system for underground metro stations. The results show that the energy management system has high energy performance in terms of energy payback time and energy return factor, due to its low cumulative energy demand and its potential for energy savings. When we assumed that the lifespan of energy management systems may vary between 5 and 10 years, their cumulative energy demand was found to range between 505,316 and 852,493MJpeq. In all cases, the operating energy was found to far outweigh the embodied energy (68–81%). The energy management system was implemented in a pilot underground station and was found to provide an energy saving of 13.2±1.1% of the total energy consumption of the pilot station. The energy payback time of the energy management system for underground stations was found to range between 40 and 55 days. Consequently, the system pays back between 33 and 91 times the energy invested in it. The results of this research provide valuable information for stakeholders in the energy management systems industry, as they contribute to ascertaining the sustainability of products. | The paper presents the results of an energy and environmental assessment of a set of retrofit actions implemented in the framework of the EU Project "BRITA in PuBs" (Bringing Retrofit Innovation to Application in Public Buildings - no: TREN/04/FP6EN/S07.31038/503135). Outcomes arise from a life cycle approach focused on the following issues: (i) construction materials and components used during retrofits; (ii) main components of conventional and renewable energy systems; (iii) impacts related to the building construction, for the different elements and the whole building. The results are presented according to the data format of the Environmental Product Declaration. Synthetic indices, as energy and GWP payback times, and energy return ratio, are defined to better describe the energy and environmental performances of the actions. The project highlights the role of the life cycle approach for selecting the most effective options during the design and implementation of retrofit actions. | We make an analogy between images and statistical mechanics systems. Pixel gray levels and the presence and orientation of edges are viewed as states of atoms or molecules in a lattice-like physical system. The assignment of an energy function in the physical system determines its Gibbs distribution. Because of the Gibbs distribution, Markov random field (MRF) equivalence, this assignment also determines an MRF image model. The energy function is a more convenient and natural mechanism for embodying picture attributes than are the local characteristics of the MRF. For a range of degradation mechanisms, including blurring, non-linear deformations, and multiplicative or additive noise, the posterior distribution is an MRF with a structure akin to the image model. By the analogy, the posterior distribution defines another (imaginary) physical system. Gradual temperature reduction in the physical system isolates low-energy states (‘annealing’), or what is the same thing, the most probable states under the Gib... | eng_Latn | 2,759 |
We present the coupling of two constraint-based environments into an on-line support system for facade-layout configuration in the context of building renovation. The configuration consists on the definition and allocation of a set of rectangular parameterization panels over a facade surface. The coupling allows solving two configuration tasks: To configure a set of questions relating the renovation model needed to determine limits for panels' size and panels' weight and to configure a constraint satisfaction model for each of the facades to renovate. Two constraint-based systems handle the filtering of incompatible values and the generation of layout plans in a web-service setup. The first service performs initial filtering to set panels' limits, based on the questionnaire, using a constraint filtering engine called CoFiADe. The second service uses several facade-layout configuration algorithms, using as underlying engine the constraint solver Choco, to generate compliant layout-plan solutions. We show that by dividing filtering and search, and by coupling the two constraint-based systems, we gain modularity and efficiently as each service focuses on their own strengths. | Layout planning is the primordial design activity that determines the characteristics and performance of a building throughout its lifecycle. Due to its iterative nature, there is a growing interest in the automation of space layout planning to enhance the search for optimum design solutions. The approaches for automation range from constraint/heuristics-based to the application of numerical optimisation algorithms. Among these, the use of design constraints to guide the search of the solution space is well regarded due to its ability to model design problems of an applied nature with multiple objectives. Constraint-based approaches also allow interactivity between the designer and layout planning process, which simulates the iterative nature of creative design and can be integrated well with the existing design process. Interactivity also enhances the management of design knowledge through improved processing and visualisation of information. This paper presents a theoretical framework for interactive constraint-based layout optimisation with an implemented prototype for a hospital patient room interior layout. The theoretical framework was developed by analysing existing layout automation methods and interactive approaches through a review of relevant literature. Object-oriented computer programming was used to develop the prototype to demonstrate the proposed approach of interactive layout planning system. The framework augments the iterative design process by facilitating the active participation and sharing of the designer’s knowledge during the aggregation. With regard to the implementation of the framework in large problems, fast evaluation of design solution was found to be necessary to interact with the system in real time. Interactive constraint-based layout optimisation has, therefore, the ability to enhance the search process of optimum design solutions by augmenting the iterative nature of the creative design process. | Berzelius failed to make use of Faraday's electrochemical laws in his laborious determination of equivalent weights. | eng_Latn | 2,760 |
Evacuation modeling is a promising measure to support decision making in scenarios such as flooding, explosion, terrorist attack and other emergency incidents. Given the special attention to the terrorist attack, we build up an agent-based evacuation model in a railway station square under sarin terrorist attack to analyze such incident. Sarin dispersion process is described by Gaussian puff model. Due to sarin’s special properties of being colorless and odorless, we focus more on the modeling of agents’ perceiving and reasoning process and use a Belief, Desire, Intention (BDI) architecture to solve the problem. Another contribution of our work is that we put forward a path planning algorithm which not only take distance but also comfort and threat factors into consideration. A series of simulation experiments demonstrate the ability of the proposed model and examine some crucial factors in sarin terrorist attack evacuation. Though far from perfect, the proposed model could serve to support decision making. | Background: Due to the extensive use of subway transportation in high- and middle-income countries, the safety of passengers has become one of the important challenges in emergency management of subway station. Therefore, the present systematic review aimed to identify environmental and organizational management factors that affect the safe emergency evacuation in subway stations. Materials and Methods: In this systematic literature review, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, ProQuest, Google Scholar, Iran Medex, Magiran, and Scientific Information Database from 1990 to 2019 were searched to identify effective emergency management factors in safe emergency evacuation of the subways. A thematic content analysis was employed for data analysis. Results: Of 763 publications retrieved from the searches, 149 studies were included for data analysis. According to the findings, effective environmental and organizational management factors in safe emergency evacuation were discussed in eight subcategories, including infrastructure properties, evacuation-assisting resources, prevention of injuries and mitigation, preparedness for emergency evacuation, emergency response and reconstruction, and maintenance of evacuation facilities. Conclusion: The design of an optimal route for emergency evacuation is the main theme of most studies focusing on environmental factors. While a system approach for designer is needed for effective subway emergency evacuation, human-related factors focusing on injury prevention are also crucial. | We prove that groups acting geometrically on delta-quasiconvex spaces contain no essential Baumslag-Solitar quotients as subgroups. This implies that they are translation discrete, meaning that the translation numbers of their nontorsion elements are bounded away from zero. | eng_Latn | 2,761 |
It is suggested that the space industry is an ideal case for Additive Manufacturing (AM), with a low production volume and need for complex geometries. However, few engineers have experience of AM design. One way to support design engineers with limited experience of AM is the use of design heuristics, to enhance variety, quality and creativity of potential designs. This paper is based on literature studies and observations of creative workshops with companies from the space industry. Results showed that heuristics assisted designers and 8/10 heuristics was utilised during the ideation phase. | Products for space applications are traditionally costly and produced in small batches. Moreover, they must be able to withstand extreme environments and meet tough requirements when in operation, as the ability to maintain and repair them is limited. However, nowadays cost and lead time reduction are becoming important driving forces for space manufacturers. New technologies such as Additive manufacturing (AM) are attractive for space companies as they enable new product functionalities or lower production costs, fostering company capabilities and permanence in the market. However, the lack of knowledge and experience in AM hinders its implementation in highly regulated industries such as the space industry. In this thesis, a first approach of a model-based Design for Additive Manufacturing (DfAM) design support is presented to facilitate the introduction of AM in components for space applications. The design support aims at redesigning components for AM, taking advantage of AM design freedom but considering AM limitations as well. Moreover, to address the needs of the space industry, relevant design trade-offs of space products, such as weight/cost reduction, component modularity or adaptability to market changes are included in the DfAM design support. The applicability of the design support has been demonstrated in the design of different space products (such as satellite antennas) and in the context of three different Swedish manufacturers of space components. A first validation of the design support and the redesigned space components was performed with industrial practitioners. The proposed design support was developed for the introduction of a new manufacturing technology in space components. As technologies for space applications advance at a fast pace, future research needs to be performed to adapt the design support to enable the introduction of technologies that are not manufacturing related. Moreover, as product development is often concerned with the introduction of multiple technologies in the same product/product family, the impact of technology interactions in product design is of interest and will be studied further. | Berzelius failed to make use of Faraday's electrochemical laws in his laborious determination of equivalent weights. | eng_Latn | 2,762 |
Construction of low-income housing projects is a recurring process and is associated with uncertainties that arise from the unavailability of resources. This paper presents a case study that discusses how computer simulation and optimisation are used to aid government agencies and/or contractors in planning of such projects. It illustrates the optimisation of project objectives, taking into consideration the interaction amongst involved resources. As such, total duration and the associated total costs, including direct and indirect costs, can be estimated and optimised. One Youth Habitation project that is executed in 6th of October City in Egypt is analysed in a step-by-step procedure to demonstrate the capability of proposed computer simulation and optimisation prototype (named LIHouse{_}Sim) in the modelling construction of low-income housing projects using bearing block walls with hollow core technique. The presented tool proves its practicality to contractors in estimating the time and costs of the r... | In R. of Macedonia, ongoing public procurement projects for facade renovation of existing buildings intend to improve their energy performance and sustainability. The current efforts for this realization focus primarily on applying thermal insulation while not considering the benefits of utilizing passive solar design. The facades of the aforementioned buildings are not designed according to these principles. We argue that redesigning and optimizing the facade shape and glazing percentage can substantially contribute to the energy performance of an existing building. This paper presents the results of the study carried out on one of the ongoing procurement projects. A relevant facade of an existing building is analyzed in order to maximize its insolation by optimizing the shape and glazing. The optimization methodology applies evolutionary solving tool named Galapagos which retrieves solar insolation data from Ecotect via the Geco plug-in. A grid is plotted on the facade where each knot can shift its relative position in an iterative process until the most optimal facade shape is achieved. The optimized and existing insulated facades are compared in terms of energy performance, cost and return of investment. It is concluded that the total sum of construction and operational costs of the facade with optimal shape are higher compared to the insulated facade with existing shape; moreover, beside the larger energy savings the return of investment period is prolonged due to higher construction cost. | We prove that groups acting geometrically on delta-quasiconvex spaces contain no essential Baumslag-Solitar quotients as subgroups. This implies that they are translation discrete, meaning that the translation numbers of their nontorsion elements are bounded away from zero. | eng_Latn | 2,763 |
Poor usage of space at construction sites is one of the leading causes of decreased productivity in the construction industry; however, it is manageable, and some instances preventable. This study focuses on how to efficiently manage space for construction facilities on high-rise buildings in congested urban areas where space for facilities around the building footprint is not available. The construction facilities layout plan provides a logical order and priority for space planning decisions with reasonable costs. Genetic Algorithm (GA) modeling assumptions are made in order to properly allocate space for facilities that will result in lower computational costs and increased in productivity. Introduction Construction productivity is greatly influenced by the organization of the project site and the flow of equipment, labor, and materials through the site. The most important resource is space since materials should be stored so they are accessible when needed. Materials storage area should be selected carefully to avoid impacting construction operations, and materials procured by the general contractor should be inspected upon delivery to ensure that the correct items and quantities were delivered. However, like any resource, the amount of construction site space demanded by the various activities changes with the schedule of the work. Therefore, as the schedule evolves during the project, the site layout may need to be efficiently re-organized at various intervals to satisfy the upcoming schedule requirements to maintain construction site productivity (Emad et al. 2001). Problem Statement Space and time conflicts have been identified as one of the major causes of productivity loss in construction [Ahuja and Nandakumar (1984); Kuntz (1994); Oglesby, Parker et al. (1989); Rad (1980); and Sanders, Thomas et al. (1989)]. Sanders, Thomas et al. (1989) stated that efficiency losses of up to 65% are due to congested workspace and up to 58% are due to restricted access. Howell et al. (1993) reported the elimination of sharing resources, such as work areas, as a first step for performance improvement at construction sites, especially when a site is very tight or Copyright ASCE 2004 Construction Research 2003 2 highly constrained such as construction in an urban environment or facility rehabilitation. This paper presents a facility layout model for multiple floor buildings in high-density urban areas. Related Research The most common study in space management in the industry is through site planning. These plans are necessary to manage not only space on the site for material deliveries, staging areas, and crane locations, but also space in high-rise buildings that are normally situated in congested urban locations. The results from literature over the last decade can be classified into two broad area of study: (1) space-scheduling [Riley (1994); and Thabet and Beliveau (1997)]:and (2) site layout planning [Tommelein and Zouein (1993); Tommelein, Levitt et al. (1991); Yeh (1995); Lin and Haas (1996); Philip, Mahadevan et al. (1997); Gero and Kazakov (1997); Li and Love (2000); Zouein and Tommelein (2001); Tam, Tong et al. (2002); and Zouein, Harmanani et al. (2002)]. However, this paper considers both space-scheduling and site layout planning which is shown in Figure 1. Figure 1. Facility layout planning approach Note: In construction, there are multiple meanings for the word facility. For the purposes of this paper, a facility is considered a direct or support resource to be used in construction. For example, a facility could be a material pile, tool cart, or porta-potty. Multiple-Floor Facility Layout Explore In most cases, the approach is to take the shortest path from one major activity to another. The objective of multiple-floor facility layout is to minimize the total cost of material handling. The formulation of objectives can be expressed as (1): facilities of number m activities of number n D W Min n | Previous approaches for construction project scheduling have been limited to one dimension of time for bar charts and two dimensions for linear and repetitive scheduling approaches, which added a measure of work quantity. The question therefore arises if and how it is possible to derive a three-dimensional and ultimately multi-dimensional model. Reviewing mathematical theory finds that traditional functions lack the capability to express intervals for activities. Singularity functions are therefore chosen to newly derive stationary and directional activities in a Cartesian coordinate system, wherein the two dimensions of the floor plan area plus one dimension of time are explicitly modeled in an integrated manner. They are implemented into a conflict-avoiding heuristic scheduling algorithm that minimizes total project duration, which is computerized and validated with example calculations. | ABSTRACTUNC-45A is an ubiquitously expressed protein highly conserved throughout evolution. Most of what we currently know about UNC-45A pertains to its role as a regulator of the actomyosin system... | eng_Latn | 2,764 |
The importance of the manufacturing shop design in the successful operation of a production system is well documented and, as a result, significant work has been devoted to this area. Due to the inherent complexity of the global shop design problem, much research has focused on individual sub-problems, including the layout of manufacturing resources, the design of the shop aisle network, and the selection of the material handling equipment, rather than addressing the integrated problem directly. This paper reviews literature contributions to shop design integration, as well as partial integration schemes such as the design for operation and control of material handling systems. Furthermore, it examines the ability of models and solution approaches for individual sub-problems of shop design to support integration schemes. | The present paper deals with the design of manufacturing facilities layout with the consideration of downtime of facilities and space utilization using genetic algorithm (GA). The existing approaches to solve problems of unequal area facility layout in manufacturing environments can provide optimal solutions with limitations such as single design criterion, manual revision, and approximated shape. Also, importance to practical factors such as downtime of facilities owing to planned maintenance or failure of machines, and floor space utilization are addressed to a lesser degree. A mathematical model and a heuristic solution procedure for designing manufacturing facilities layouts that address the above-mentioned shortcomings are proposed. The proposed model minimizes the cost associated with material handling during normal and breakdown periods with due consideration of compactness of the layout. A heuristic placement procedure, which is capable of changing the orientation of facilities, is proposed to place the machines in the floor area, in order to obtain maximum space utilization. The proposed design approach is evaluated by solving different layout design problems taken from the literature and by solving an industrial case study. The results of the proposed GA optimizer are compared with results obtained from greedy search and simulated annealing methods. The results show that the approach performs better in most of the cases. | We prove that groups acting geometrically on delta-quasiconvex spaces contain no essential Baumslag-Solitar quotients as subgroups. This implies that they are translation discrete, meaning that the translation numbers of their nontorsion elements are bounded away from zero. | eng_Latn | 2,765 |
Spatial layout design application tools had become the in demand tools as the computational customization had become increasingly significant in this 21st century era. The users prefer to personalize their own space by customizing, modifying and planning based on their personal specification or preferences. However, these application tools usually highlighted the personal preferences without taking account on the universal design criteria that will cause some issues on the space utilization and security. Hence, this research paper had proposed the composition of objective functions for the user's customization and the universal design criteria with the incorporation of Genetic Algorithm (GA) operators to optimize the floor plan design. At the end of this research study, the optimization of spatial layout design using GA operators was proven to be able to design the fittest spatial layout design with 94% of fitness function value that almost satisfies the designated objective functions. | The evidence-based analysis of people's navigation and wayfinding behaviour in large-scale built-up environments (e.g., hospitals, airports) encompasses the measurement and qualitative analysis of ... | Berzelius failed to make use of Faraday's electrochemical laws in his laborious determination of equivalent weights. | eng_Latn | 2,766 |
The facility location problem is a well-known challenge in logistics that is proven to be NP-hard. In this paper we specifically simulate the geographical placement of facilities to provide adequate service to customers. Determining reasonable center locations is an important challenge for a management since it directly effects future service costs. Generally, the objective is to place the central nodes such that all customers have convenient access to them. We analyze the problem and compare different placement strategies and evaluate the number of required centers. We use several existing approaches and propose a new heuristic for the problem. For our experiments we consider various scenarios and employ simulation to evaluate the performance of the optimization algorithms. Our new optimization approach shows a significant improvement. The presented results are generally applicable to many domains, e.g., the placement of military bases, the planning of content delivery networks, or the placement of warehouses. | This paper attempts to present the major methods, successful or interesting uses, and computational experience relating to integer or discrete programming problems. Included are descriptions of general algorithms for solving linear programs in integers, as well as some special purpose algorithms for use on highly structured problems. This reflects a belief, on the author's part, that various clever methods of enumeration and other specialized approaches are the most efficacious means existent by which to obtain solutions to practical problems. A serious try at gathering computational experience has been made---but facts are difficult to uncover. ::: ::: The paper is written with intent to enable readers to read selected sections without having to read the whole. | Facility location decisions are a critical element in strategic planning for a wide range of private and public firms. The ramifications of siting facilities are broadly based and long-lasting, impacting numerous operational and logistical decisions. High costs associated with property acquisition and facility construction make facility location or relocation projects long-term investments. To make such undertakings profitable, firms plan for new facilities to remain in place and in operation for an extended time period. Thus, decision makers must select sites that will not simply perform well according to the current system state, but that will continue to be profitable for the facility's lifetime, even as environmental factors change, populations shift, and market trends evolve. Finding robust facility locations is thus a difficult task, demanding that decision makers account for uncertain future events. The complexity of this problem has limited much of the facility location literature to simplified static and deterministic models. Although a few researchers initiated the study of stochastic and dynamic aspects of facility location many years ago, most of the research dedicated to these issues has been published in recent years. In this review, we report on literature which explicitly addresses the strategic nature of facility location problems by considering either stochastic or dynamic problem characteristics. Dynamic formulations focus on the difficult timing issues involved in locating a facility (or facilities) over an extended horizon. Stochastic formulations attempt to capture the uncertainty in problem input parameters such as forecast demand or distance values. The stochastic literature is divided into two classes: that which explicitly considers the probability distribution of uncertain parameters, and that which captures uncertainty through scenario planning. A wide range of model formulations and solution approaches are discussed, with applications ranging across numerous industries. | eng_Latn | 2,767 |
A system to measure alignment between interfacing edges of a plurality of mirror segments positioned to form a segmented mirror surface, comprising strain gauge means having a bending beam with four piezoresistive elements coupled across the interfaces of the edges of adjacent mirror segments. The bending beam has a first position corresponding to alignment of the edges of adjacent mirror segments, and it is bendable from the first position in a direction and to a degree dependent upon the relative misalignment between the edges of adjacent mirror segments to correspondingly vary the resistance of the strain gauge means. A source of power and an amplifier are connected in circuit with the strain gauge means whereby the output of the amplifier varies according to the misalignment of the edges of adjacent mirror segments. | This paper describes a technology foresight study performed in co-operation with Stanford University (CIFE) and VTT Building and Transport. The main aim of the project is to provide information for decision-makers about the future of interoperability and product modeling. Information was collected about technologies and their use, conditions affecting the use of the technologies and development trends. The project had two main phases: state-of-the-art and scenario building. Different methods were used for collecting data for the state-of-the-art phase. A two-round Delphi survey complemented interviews and literary study. Scenario planning and technology roadmapping were used to formulate alternative pictures of how product modeling and use of interoperable software might affect the industry. The scenarios are based on two main forces seen as the ones most likely to shape the business environment: the adoption non-proprietary approach in developing software and the adoption of value-adding approach in providing services during the life cycle of facilities. Based on the survey and data, the most wanted scenario is identified as well as different roadmaps toward most wanted scenario. | We prove that groups acting geometrically on delta-quasiconvex spaces contain no essential Baumslag-Solitar quotients as subgroups. This implies that they are translation discrete, meaning that the translation numbers of their nontorsion elements are bounded away from zero. | eng_Latn | 2,768 |
Working set methods in labor scheduling generally consist of a generation and implementation phase. The generation phase involves the selection of a subset of work schedules from the complete (master) set of all allowed work schedules. In the implementation phase, either heuristic or integer optimal solutions are obtained upon the basis of the schedules in the working set. We classify previous working set generation procedures as being either structural, demand-based, or refinement. Two new working set procedures within the first category and one new procedure within the second category are developed. Subsequently, we compare the efficacy of the new and previously published generation procedures within the context of a discontinuous tour scheduling environment where the sole objective is minimization of total labor hours scheduled. All comparative analysis was based upon the global integer optimal solutions to problems posed by the master set associated with 36 different labor requirements distributions. The second of the new structural methods resulted in the best performance for all working set sizes. In particular, it resulted in global integer optimal solutions, for all test problems, with working set sizes of 40 and 50. The new demand-based method resulted in the second best performance at a working set size of 50. We conclude with a discussion of the implications of the results for future research and practice. | This paper is concerned with the problem of determining the optimal size and composition of a permanent workforce needed to run a facility when demand is specified by a workstation group (WSG) for up to 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. For full-time employees, a solution is characterized by a bid job, which consists of a five-day-a-week schedule, a lunch break for all shifts, and a set of WSG task assignments for each of the half-hour periods in a shift. In contrast, each part-time employee may be given anywhere from one to six shifts during the week, and each shift may vary from four to eight hours in length. To facilitate supervision, all employees must be assigned to a home WSG, but when idle time exists in their schedules, they can be redeployed to other WSGs for a portion of the day. ::: ::: One of the complicating and unique factors addressed in this paper is the existence of nonsymmetric movement restrictions between WSGs. For example, an employee whose home base is A may be permitted to perform tasks at B, but not vice versa. Because the full problem could not be reduced to a single model, a multistage solution approach was developed. In the first stage, an extended shift-scheduling problem is solved to determine the optimal number of employees and their shifts. The results are postprocessed in subsequent stages to obtain lunch breaks, days off, and task assignments under WSG movement restrictions. ::: ::: In the implementation of the multistage approach, two alternatives were explored. The first was based on the idea of partitioning the WSGs into manageable clusters and then solving them in series. The second involved the direct solution of an integer programming formulation of the task assignment problem with home-base restrictions and WSG movement restrictions, but for a fixed workforce. An iterative scheme was used to adjust the size of the workforce until all constraints were satisfied and overall optimality was achieved. Testing was done with data provided by the U.S. Postal Service (USPS) mail processing and distribution center (P&DC) in Dallas. The computations showed that the second alternative always yielded the smaller workforce and was always able to find good solutions within 30 minutes. | Blunt trauma abdomen rarely leads to gastrointestinal injury in children and isolated gastric rupture is even rarer presentation. We are reporting a case of isolated gastric rupture after fall from height in a three year old male child. | eng_Latn | 2,769 |
The passenger line planning is a process of strategic long-term decision-making problem in the field of railway passenger planning. A line is a route between starting point and destination with certain stops, which has a certain frequency of train schedule. A new solution based on decomposition algorithm has been proposed in this paper, which is defined in a master problem and two sub problems. Since the solution provided by decomposition algorithm is not of the integer number type, a heuristic algorithm has been proposed for converting the results to integer numbers. The objective function for the line planning problem in this article is to maximize the number of direct passengers. Results on the proposed solution method, for the test problems, are compared to those of solutions generated via CPLEX software. Results show that the proposed solution method has high performance and accuracy. As a case study, optimized passenger railway lines in Iranian railway have been determined using the proposed algorithm. | In a railroad system, train pathing is concerned with the assignment of trains to links and tracks, and train timetabling allocates time slots to trains. These important tasks were traditionally done manually, but there is an increasing move toward automated software based on mathematical models and algorithms. Most published models in the literature either focus on train timetabling only, or are too complicated to solve when facing large instances. In this paper, we present an optimization heuristic that includes both train pathing and train timetabling, and has the ability to solve real-sized instances. This heuristic allows the operation time of trains to depend on the assigned track, and also lets the minimum headway between the trains to depend on the trains' relative status. It generates an initial solution with a simple rule, and then uses a four-step process to derive the solution iteratively. Each iteration starts by altering the order the trains travel between stations, then it assigns the services to the tracks in the stations with a binary integer program, determines the order they pass through the stations with a linear program, and uses another linear program to produce a timetable. After these four steps, the heuristic accepts or rejects the new solution according to a Threshold Accepting rule. By decomposing the original complex problem into four parts, and by attacking each part with simpler neighborhood-search processes or mathematical programs, the heuristic is able to solve realistic instances. When tested with two real-world examples, one from a 159.3Â km, 29-station railroad that offers 44 daily services, and another from a 345Â km, eight-station high-speed rail with 128 services, the heuristic obtained timetables that are at least as good as real schedules. | Pethidine is no longer considered a first-line analgesic. The evidence for this view is critically presented. Clinicians around the World recommend its removal from health-systems or restriction of its use. New Zealand needs to follow these trends. | eng_Latn | 2,770 |
Current Performance-Based Maintenance Methods to Improve Virginia Highways: Comparative Analysis | This research was completed in two phases. Phase 1 involved a miniscan study of the highway maintenance industry to identify current state-of-practice in performance-based maintenance contracting (PBMC). Information was gathered on domestic and foreign agencies currently using performance-based maintenance on highways. Phase 2 used the miniscan study information to build, compare, and analyze agency time lines, comparing the Virginia Department of Transportation (DOT) with others. Time lines included major milestones at each agency, that is, milestones that enabled innovation in the field of performance-based contracting. The purpose of comparing the Virginia DOT with other agencies was to provide the Virginia DOT with industry best practices as well as recommendations for future contract evolutions. Time lines were constructed for the Florida DOT, Main Roads of Western Australia, the Highways Agency of England, and the New Zealand Transport Agency. Connection links were made between the Virginia DOT and ... | This paper is one of a series for use in ``LMITs'' Load Management Innovative Techniques forums. The goal of these forums is to focus attention on new load management techniques being developed by utilities. In particular, it is intended to highlight innovative techniques so as to foster interest and discussion by IEEE members in new deas in this rapidly developing technology area. The four short note reports by the contributing authors discuss a new and different load management technique being tried at four different utility companies. | eng_Latn | 2,771 |
Safety Status of Road and Bridge in China and Its Countermeasures | Aiming at the present safety situation of road and bridge in China,the Paper analyzes the causes of accidents occurring on bridges,and states that the bridge safety issue is a systemic works,which requires the joint effort of government department,and construction,maintenance and operation agencies. | Aimed at the problem of the configuration program of road maintenance machinery index difficult to quantify, by using the method of fuzzy comprehensive in highway maintenance machinery configuration evaluation, depicted some fuzzy phenomena with subjective qualitative description , closely integrated quantitative analysis and subjective qualitative description. Try to find a reasonable and workable evaluation approach. So that make the mechanization of highway maintenance and construction more scientific and practical | eng_Latn | 2,772 |
Study of performance of power screw-nut systems | Abstract The characteristics of the running performance of the traditional types of power screw-nut systems are investigated. A comparative study of the performances of traditional systems and of an alternative system, under stationary and running conditions, is presented. | Different systems act as one of the most promising forms of integration in the urban planning structure. In the process of formation of plans for social and economic development of major cities more often, there is a situation, when the improvement of resources efficiency needs not just a concentration of effort, but also some new and innovative forms of building production organization. It is proposed to establish in Odessa the "Corporate Scientific and Technical Complex of urban planning energy renovation" as an innovative organizational structure which practically uses the accumulated scientific and technical potential for the reconstruction of historic buildings in Odessa in 1820–920 using energy efficiency standards. It is necessary to organize courses in the form of accelerated training for workers of the occupation "master of finishing construction work" specialty "plasterer" for "KNTK GERek" effective functioning. | eng_Latn | 2,773 |
Optimal Approval Model for Wagon Requisition in Railway Bureaus | An optimal approval model for wagon requisition in railway bureaus and the corresponding network were proposed. In this way, the problem of optimizing approval for wagon requisition was transformed into solving minimum cost and maximum flow in a network. A numerical algorithm was derived to solve the model. Several solutions to some actual problems were put forward. The software based on the model and algorithm has been successfully used in Guangzhou railway bureau. | Abstract How do people select their movement paths in a complex building? How do evacuees find their way to the exits? How do customers orient themselves within a shopping center? The paper presents the wayfinding problem in a mathermatical setting, providing numerous models of wayfinding behaviour, ranging from the simplest random walk models to more complex shortest path rules. The models are analyzed numerically to illustrate their implications on the performance of the wayfinding process. Such models are of great importance when one studies how persons evacuate from a building. The maze at Hampton Court has served as an example, clearly demonstrating the wayfinding problems for an evacuating person. | eng_Latn | 2,774 |
Use of cabergoline for oestrus induction in multiparous anoestrous Beagle bitches | Objective ::: The purpose of this study was to examine the efficacy of daily cabergoline administration on oestrus induction in bitches. ::: ::: Methods and Results ::: Of 20 multiparous Beagle bitches, 15 were not mated with sires in their last oestrus and 5 bitches that had been mated whelped. All bitches were in early or mid-anoestrus and received 5 μg/kg/day cabergoline PO. Oestrus was induced in the mid-anoestrus bitches at a higher rate than in the early anoestrus bitches. Comparing the different histories of previous pregnancy among the mid-anoestrus bitches, the rate of oestrus induction in the non-pregnant bitches was higher than in the bitches that whelped. ::: ::: Conclusion ::: Cabergoline is effective for oestrus induction in mid-anoestrus bitches. | Abstract The present paper deals with optimizing optimal operation interaction for GCUM 1st and 2nd lines by proposing a methodology based on field survey of travel time, actual headway, passenger waiting time, alighting and boarding passengers to determine the actual passenger density on platform, passenger density in train and target headway, consequently the ideal operation and the corresponding operational costs savers. Using four alternatives (change headway, divide the line into definite links, uses of suitable metro units and overflow of some through stations) under 5 restrictions (Passenger intensity into train, Passenger intensity on platform, Passenger exchange time at metro door, Factor of safety for metro headway and headway at the end of links) and without needing to any additional capital costs, the results show a valuable cost saving for both operation costs and rolling stock capital costs. This paper recommends this methodology to be applied on any metro lines worldwide. | eng_Latn | 2,775 |
A Practical Introduction to Metropolis Light Transport | Most descriptions of Metropolis Light Transport (MLT) currently in the literature focus on theoretical completeness rather than readability. In fact, the core concepts of MLT are not difficult to understand, but available descriptions of these concepts tend to be steeped in statistical terminology and light transport jargon. In this paper, we take a different approach, concentrating on giving a working understanding of the algorithm rather than theoretical concerns. It is hoped that this work will help to uncover the simplicity of MLT, and serve as a tutorial for those wishing to implement the algorithm or understand its theoretical underpinnings. | Aiming at Shenyang Metro in construction,analysis of influence of advance small duct grouting on metro tunnel excavation is conducted.By different layout in ring of small duct,based on surrounding rock stress and displacement of each monitored point of tunnel,the rational layout is given.which has important reference meaning to similar tunnel engineering. | yue_Hant | 2,776 |
THE GENESIS OF HUANGQING FE-CU MULTIMETALLIC DEPOSIT IN WUDING,YUNNAN | The ore deposit in fault fracture zone is controlled by the fault and stratigraphic horizon,with a certain similarity to the Yinachang ore deposit.The Fe deposit belongs to the middle-low T hydrothermal fissure filling type,but the Cu deposit belongs to the sedimentary-metamorphic one. | Taking the BOT project of Chongquin Fuling Lidu Bridge as example,this paper discusses key links needing attention during BOT investment choice,contract signing and construction management.Some important points are summarized in this paper for successful executing BOT project.This paper can be referenced by investors in related building industries. | yue_Hant | 2,777 |
Source coding with feedforward: Gaussian sources | This paper describes the source coding of the information signals with feedforward Gaussian sources. A stationary memoryless Gaussian source with zero-mean and variance, and with mean squared error as the distortion measure, gives a deterministic scheme that achieves the optimal rate-distortion bound using simple uniform scalar quantizers. To reconstruct source codes, the decoder uses the optimal Shannon rate-distortion function and achieves channel coding with feedback. | Abstract The present paper deals with optimizing optimal operation interaction for GCUM 1st and 2nd lines by proposing a methodology based on field survey of travel time, actual headway, passenger waiting time, alighting and boarding passengers to determine the actual passenger density on platform, passenger density in train and target headway, consequently the ideal operation and the corresponding operational costs savers. Using four alternatives (change headway, divide the line into definite links, uses of suitable metro units and overflow of some through stations) under 5 restrictions (Passenger intensity into train, Passenger intensity on platform, Passenger exchange time at metro door, Factor of safety for metro headway and headway at the end of links) and without needing to any additional capital costs, the results show a valuable cost saving for both operation costs and rolling stock capital costs. This paper recommends this methodology to be applied on any metro lines worldwide. | eng_Latn | 2,778 |
A hatchery-based ant clustering algorithm | A hatchery-based ant clustering algorithm was explored.With the pre-configured number of clusters,the data were randomly placed into the clusters,then arranged the initial disorder clusters orderly through ants.Compared with other traditional ant clustering algorithms,this algorithm is a more intuitive model,and easier operation.The experiments with real data as Iris showed that the algorithm is fast and effective. | This report documents work performed by the University of California at Davis in collaboration with the California Department of Transportation (Caltrans) in relationship to a Precursor System Analysis dealing with a study of automated construction, maintenance, and operational requirements for Automated Highway Systems (AHSs). This study was conducted in the activity area "K" dealing with AHS roadway operational analysis. The report documents a design analysis for a robotic system for automated installation of discrete magnetic markers for AHSs. The design includes a manpower assessment and a cost-benefit analysis. Summaries for supporting research are included in appendices, including: a literature review, a reference architecture and classification system for an AHS, and a computer simulation and animation of the prototype discrete magnetic marker placement system described in this report. | eng_Latn | 2,779 |
Some Notes on Transformer Design | A method for determining the most economical proportions for transformers is suggested. The method takes into account the densities of flux and of current in addition to the dimensions taken into account in previous discussions of this problem. Various shapes of transformers are considered. | In this article,authors introduce the layout method of form formwork used in Tianjin a project transfer beam with large section and large span.The behavior of formwork under load is analyzed.The construction method of formwork layout and construction safety measures is introduced in detail. | eng_Latn | 2,780 |
Safety Facilities Design Technology of Zhangjiakou Section in Zhangjiakou to Zhuozhou Expressway | It is important to create safe environment to reduce the accident death rate to install strictly accordance with the standard facility,such as traffic signs,marking,variable signs,road side railings,etc.The principles and contents of safety facilities design technology of Zhangjiakou section in Zhangjiakou to Zhuozhou expressway has some reference to peers. | Based on the grey associative theory,an eco-province construction level assessment model is establisded.As a case,the eco-province construction level assessment index syetem in Anhui province is formulated,and the assessment reference sequence and compare sequence are established.The established model is utilized to evaluate the eco-province construction level in Anhui province.The result shows that,this model is scientific and effective for eco-province construction level comprehensive assessment which has great significance in pratice. | eng_Latn | 2,781 |
A systematic procedure for designing non-diagonal weights to facilitate /spl Hscr//sub /spl infin// loop shaping | The first step of the /spl Hscr//sub /spl infin// loop shaping design procedure is to specify desired closed loop performance by shaping the singular values of the nominal plant with a pre- and/or a post-compensator. Designers usually choose diagonal weighting functions but it is not always possible to obtain the desired loop shape with diagonal weights. This paper develops a systematic procedure for designing nondiagonal pre- and post-compensators. Such nondiagonal weighting functions enable the designer to shape each singular value of the nominal plant separately. To illustrate the procedure an /spl Hscr//sub /spl infin// loop shaping controller is designed for a plant whose singular values can not be shaped accurately using diagonal weights. | This paper presents an adaptation of the adaptive large neighborhood search (ALNS) heuristic in order to solve the crew scheduling problem (CSP) of urban buses. The CSP consists in minimizing the total of crews that will drive a fleet in daily operation as well as the total overtime. The solution for the CSP is a set of duties performed by the crews throughout the day, and those duties must comply with labor laws, labor union agreements, and the company’s operational rules. The CSP is a NP-hard problem and it is usually solved by metaheuristics. Therefore, an ALNS-like heuristic was developed to solve the CSP. Its implementation was tested with real data from a bus company which operates in Belo Horizonte, MG-Brazil, and it provided solutions quite superior to those both adopted by the company and the ones generated by other methods in the literature. | eng_Latn | 2,782 |
Integrative mode of emergency diagnosis and treatment for severe multiple trauma: analysis of 227 cases | Objective To evaluate the effect of the integrative mode of emergency diagnosis and treatment of severe multiple trauma. Methods 227 patients with severe multiple trauma underwent diagnosis and treatment in emergency center based on the integrative mode, including early and exact diagnosis, rigorous monitoring, volume resuscitation, and damage control operation. Results 186 of the 227 patients (81.90%) were rescued successfully and 41 of the 227 patients died with a mortality rate of 18.10%. Conclusion The integrative remedy mode significantly increases the success rate of treatment of severe multiple trauma. | Abstract Although they create considerable economic benefits, industrial parks emit tremendous amounts of pollution and consume significant environmental resources. This investigation examines problems associated with managing an industrial park. It begins by defining an industrial park system and its sustainability. Next, using systems thinking, managing for results, driving-force-pressure-state-impact-response, and system dynamics, we develop a management framework and an indicator system. A framework with triple decision layers is established to link the management of an industrial park with its manufactories. Based on this framework, proposed indicators and their driving force–pressure–state–impact–response relationships are integrated into an optimization model to maximize sustainability, so that sustainability of an industrial park is assessed as total quantity management is performed. A prototype of a total quantity and sustainability management strategy for industrial parks is developed, based on ... | eng_Latn | 2,783 |
DESIGNING CONSTRUCTABLE PARKING STRUCTURES | How a garage structural frame is designed and how it is constructed can account for the high cost of its production. There has not been much analysis of the frame design from a constructability point of view. Constructability analysis, contrary to the design and construction industry impression, is a complex specialty, demanding years of experience in what formwork material components can and cannot do under established safety criteria. Historically, the design and construction industry has been reluctant to change. The intent of this article is to push the industry to consider new ways of doing things that are less expensive than the way they have been done in the past. In experienced hands, high production formwork systems that provide the solution to the frame design can produce a high quality product and predictable profits. | This article presents a number of novel approaches for deriving intelligence from the parameterisation of computer-aided design models to assist the engineer in making manufacturing-related decisio... | yue_Hant | 2,784 |
Combined Model in Supply Chain with Capacity Constraint | A three-level supply chain composed of a supplier,a manufacturer and a distributor was considered,and the three members of the system are respectively called as first echelon,middle echelon and last echelon. Based on the existing supply chain model where the first and last echelons have capacity constraints,a newintegrated lot-sizing model for the three-level supply chain was presented in which the middle echelon has capacity constraints. A newdynamic planning algorithm based on the mixed pull-push rules was proposed to determine the optimal material ordering batches in polynomial time. Some proven theorems showthat the global optimal solution should be achieved. The proposed algorithm was explained via solving a simple problem. | Abstract The present paper deals with optimizing optimal operation interaction for GCUM 1st and 2nd lines by proposing a methodology based on field survey of travel time, actual headway, passenger waiting time, alighting and boarding passengers to determine the actual passenger density on platform, passenger density in train and target headway, consequently the ideal operation and the corresponding operational costs savers. Using four alternatives (change headway, divide the line into definite links, uses of suitable metro units and overflow of some through stations) under 5 restrictions (Passenger intensity into train, Passenger intensity on platform, Passenger exchange time at metro door, Factor of safety for metro headway and headway at the end of links) and without needing to any additional capital costs, the results show a valuable cost saving for both operation costs and rolling stock capital costs. This paper recommends this methodology to be applied on any metro lines worldwide. | eng_Latn | 2,785 |
Mikuzis, James - Biographical entry - Index to the AMA archive | Mikuzis, James - Biographical entry - Index to the AMA archive - NAME is a biographical, bibliographical and archival database of SUBJECT with links to related articles and images. ADD MORE DESCRIPTION AS REQUIRED | Aimed at the problem of the configuration program of road maintenance machinery index difficult to quantify, by using the method of fuzzy comprehensive in highway maintenance machinery configuration evaluation, depicted some fuzzy phenomena with subjective qualitative description , closely integrated quantitative analysis and subjective qualitative description. Try to find a reasonable and workable evaluation approach. So that make the mechanization of highway maintenance and construction more scientific and practical | yue_Hant | 2,786 |
A novel macroscopic mobility model for vehicular networks | Researchers face a great challenge when evaluating large-scale vehicular ad hoc network solutions. Since it is not feasible to perform real experiments in this case, and there are no large-scale testbeds available, simulation is the most frequently used evaluation technique, which requires a realistic mobility model to provide accurate results. However, building large-scale realistic vehicular mobility models is a difficult task and many important characteristics have been neglected, particularly macroscopic ones. In this work, a realistic vehicular mobility trace is characterized and macroscopic features are inferred. Based on this characterization, we propose and validate a macroscopic mobility model that provides more realistic characteristics to the vehicular network evaluation process. The obtained results contribute to the research community by providing a more realistic macroscopic model that complements many vehicular mobility generators available in the literature. | Aimed at the problem of the configuration program of road maintenance machinery index difficult to quantify, by using the method of fuzzy comprehensive in highway maintenance machinery configuration evaluation, depicted some fuzzy phenomena with subjective qualitative description , closely integrated quantitative analysis and subjective qualitative description. Try to find a reasonable and workable evaluation approach. So that make the mechanization of highway maintenance and construction more scientific and practical | eng_Latn | 2,787 |
Research on Interaction Mechanism Between Frame Grids and Filling Blocks of Multi-ribbed Composite Wall | Five fundamental frame structures are tested under monotonic load in order to study the interaction mechanism between frame grids and filling blocks of multi-ribbed composite wall,and the failure process and failure characteristics are summarized in details.The experiments show that effect of the filling block is equivalent to that of hinged-diagonal strut.The calculation of width of the strut is given based on elastic foundation beam theory as well as the formulas of rigidity and intensity.Calculation shows that the simplified model can simulate mechanical properties of the fundamental frame structure in elastic stage,which offers a theoretical basis for analysis and design the multi-ribbed composite wall. | Abstract Although they create considerable economic benefits, industrial parks emit tremendous amounts of pollution and consume significant environmental resources. This investigation examines problems associated with managing an industrial park. It begins by defining an industrial park system and its sustainability. Next, using systems thinking, managing for results, driving-force-pressure-state-impact-response, and system dynamics, we develop a management framework and an indicator system. A framework with triple decision layers is established to link the management of an industrial park with its manufactories. Based on this framework, proposed indicators and their driving force–pressure–state–impact–response relationships are integrated into an optimization model to maximize sustainability, so that sustainability of an industrial park is assessed as total quantity management is performed. A prototype of a total quantity and sustainability management strategy for industrial parks is developed, based on ... | eng_Latn | 2,788 |
Numerical Study of the Long-Term Performance of an Underground Powerhouse Subjected to Varying Initial Stress States, Cyclic Water Heads, and Temperature Variations | Many large underground structures may be subjected to varying initial stress states, cyclic water heads, and long-term temperature variations. When the maintenance and extension of the service life of such structures are accounted for, their long-term performance under varying initial stress states, cyclic water heads, and temperature variations becomes very important. The authors were involved with the evaluation of the long-term performance of an underground powerhouse in central Japan constructed for a pumped-storage scheme. The evaluations involved both numerical studies on the long-term effects of varying initial stress states, cyclic water heads, and temperature variations on the performance of the powerhouse considering the degradation of support systems and creep phenomenon and the monitoring of ground deformations, temperatures, and vibrations induced by turbines. The outcome of these studies are presented in this article. | Different systems act as one of the most promising forms of integration in the urban planning structure. In the process of formation of plans for social and economic development of major cities more often, there is a situation, when the improvement of resources efficiency needs not just a concentration of effort, but also some new and innovative forms of building production organization. It is proposed to establish in Odessa the "Corporate Scientific and Technical Complex of urban planning energy renovation" as an innovative organizational structure which practically uses the accumulated scientific and technical potential for the reconstruction of historic buildings in Odessa in 1820–920 using energy efficiency standards. It is necessary to organize courses in the form of accelerated training for workers of the occupation "master of finishing construction work" specialty "plasterer" for "KNTK GERek" effective functioning. | eng_Latn | 2,789 |
Coverage of Technology-Based Asynchronous Sequential Circuit Design | This paper introduces the principle of the dynamic Karnaugh map,and brings forward the new method of the asynchronous sequential circuit design-based on the coverage of asynchronous sequential circuit design.This method uses coverage ofαandβ.Not only through Karnaugh map can be drawn directly on the circuit equation of state,but also it is less than the traditional asynchronous sequential circuit design in terms of cost,power consump-tion and latency. | An approach to the problem of automated assembly planning and control using artificial potential functions is described. A simple class of tasks, 2D sphere assemblies, is examined. A constructive theory for the planning and control of this class of tasks is presented. Computer simulations demonstrate that the approach may provide surprisingly good performance.<<ETX>> | eng_Latn | 2,790 |
Transfer Efficiency Evaluation Method of Urban Rail Transit Based on the Generalized Cost Function | This paper gives out a method to evaluate transfer efficiency of urban rail transit using a new built mathematical model for transfer streamlines and the generalized cost function. We take Sihuidong Station, one important transfer station in Beijing urban rail transit network, as an example. As for this example, we at first give out basic information of Sihuidong Station including its platform layout, transfer mode and transfer paths. Then the transfer efficiency is evaluated by using the generalized cost function, where we take consideration of some main influence factors such as walking time, transfer waiting time. We also analyze the effects of different crowding levels in peak and off-peak periods. | The final thesis deals with optimization of rubbish removal for Hradecke služby a.s. Essential legislative, technical and technological means used in waste management are mentioned here. Moreover, methods of operational research used in removal tasks are mentioned. An important part of the work is an example of optimization solution of rubbish removal route in Hradec Kralove. | eng_Latn | 2,791 |
A Highly Scalable Rendering Framework for Arbitrary Display and Display-in-Display Configurations. | The slurry batcher mixer of the present invention includes a mixing vessel having a pair of vertical side plates with a trough supported along the length of the vessel between the side plates. A ribbon type screw conveyor is mounted in the trough and extends the length of the mixing vessel, and is connected to a reversible drive motor to selectively rotate the screw in a first direction to convey material to a discharge port, or in the opposite direction to provide a positive thorough mixing of the contents of the mixing vessel. A source of fly ash, cement, and water is provided to the mixing vessel, and a pair of spray bars are mounted on the side plates with nozzles directed towards the screw, to spray water along the length of the screw. | This report documents work performed by the University of California at Davis in collaboration with the California Department of Transportation (Caltrans) in relationship to a Precursor System Analysis dealing with a study of automated construction, maintenance, and operational requirements for Automated Highway Systems (AHSs). This study was conducted in the activity area "K" dealing with AHS roadway operational analysis. The report documents a design analysis for a robotic system for automated installation of discrete magnetic markers for AHSs. The design includes a manpower assessment and a cost-benefit analysis. Summaries for supporting research are included in appendices, including: a literature review, a reference architecture and classification system for an AHS, and a computer simulation and animation of the prototype discrete magnetic marker placement system described in this report. | eng_Latn | 2,792 |
Brief Analysis of the Control and Management in Each Stage of the Construction Project of Salt Enterprise | Through the discussion of management of the construction projects,the importance of control and management in each stage is emphasized.By doing so,basis for scientific management for new construction,extension or modification projects is proposed for the enterprises. | According to the requirements of economy and timeliness for setting the highway maintenance site,the multi-objective model of location for highway maintenance site was established with the lowest total costs,which considered the constant costs and transport costs of maintenance site. And then,the corresponding algorithm was also given. Finally,the best quantity and location of maintenance site was obtained through the case study of highway network. The results show that the proposed model and algorithm are both reasonable,which has certain referential value for the selection of location of highway maintenance site. | eng_Latn | 2,793 |
Knowledge-Supported Generation of Control Room Pictures | Abstract A software tool is described which supports the production of control room pictures by automatically generating picture proposals on the basis of an AI-oriented model of the underlying industrial process. The basic principles are shortly presented and a ‘sample session’ described which also shows the support for the designer for refining the aesthetic quality of such automatically generated pictures. | In order to effectively keep the happening of accidents within limits, The Shanghai building industry authorities have developed and spread the application of the "Digital Site" construction engineering safety/quality supervision administration information system based on internet and pocket PC (Supervision Edition) of Qimstar Project. The system, which functions in accordance with the regulations and process, has successfully solved the problems in the construction sites administration. | eng_Latn | 2,794 |
Incremental buffer insertion and module resizing algorithm using geometric programming | This paper presents an efficient algorithm for incremental buffer insertion and module resizing for a full-placed floorplan. Our algorithm offers a method to use the white space in a given floorplan to resize modules and insert buffers, and at the same time keep the resultant floorplan as close to the original one as possible. Both the buffer insertion and module resizing are modelled as geometric programming problems, and can be solved extremely efficiently using new developed solution methods. The experimental results suggest that the the wirelength difference between the initial floorplan and result is quite small (less than 5%), and the global structure of the initial floorplan is preserved very well. | This paper discussed production order picking schedule problem in AGV-based FMS. A general formulation of production order picking schedule mode is suggestion with objective of minimizing the order picking time and the number of AGVs. Based on the analysis that the relationship between our problem and the standard VRP, we design a genetic algorithm (GA) to solve the mode. Computational experiment is conducted and excellent computational results comparison with other method indicates that the genetic algorithm proposed in this paper is suitable for production order picking problem. | eng_Latn | 2,795 |
Outline of a restriction-centered theory of reasoning and computation in an environment of uncertainty and imprecision | The theory which is outlined in this lecture, call it RRC for short, is a departure from traditional approaches to reasoning and computation. A principal advance is an enhanced capability for reasoning and computation in an environment of uncertainty and imprecision. The point of departure in RRC is a basic premise-in the real world such environment is the norm rather than exception. | Aimed at the problem of the configuration program of road maintenance machinery index difficult to quantify, by using the method of fuzzy comprehensive in highway maintenance machinery configuration evaluation, depicted some fuzzy phenomena with subjective qualitative description , closely integrated quantitative analysis and subjective qualitative description. Try to find a reasonable and workable evaluation approach. So that make the mechanization of highway maintenance and construction more scientific and practical | eng_Latn | 2,796 |
A novel approach for automated car body panel fitting | In this paper we propose a novel algorithm to bring car body panels into the “BestFit”-position of the related object. The algorithm provides the necessary correction in a single step, it is not iterating to reach the panel's “BestFit”-position. Additionally, no model coordinates of the panel or the object are necessary to set up the system. Since only a single correction value has to be transmitted to the robot, an implementation of complicated communication interfaces for continues position updates like Kuka/RSI [1] is unneeded. The proposed algorithm also has a positive influence on the stability of the process, because the algorithm can detect critical deviations in the panel's shape as soon as the panel is being grabbed. | This article referred to the matter of intelligent building operation which should be paid attention to.It not only mentioned the importance of the standards of intelligent building and establishment of design criterion,but also taught the principle of the selection of transmitter(sensor) and actuator and other issues. | eng_Latn | 2,797 |
The Study and Realization of Land Use Planning System Based on the Theory of Workflow and GIS | Workflow management is a new research area and is known as "logistics" of information systems. It can arrange suitable people or software to perform right tasks at right time and automate business process. According to the requirement of Land Use Planning Geographic Information System (LPGIS), based on the referenced model which is called Workflow Management System (WfMS) and with the support of technology of ArcObjects and SQL-Server, this study overcomes a series of difficulties, brings out the general framework of the system and gives an example relating to the applications. | In this article,authors introduce the layout method of form formwork used in Tianjin a project transfer beam with large section and large span.The behavior of formwork under load is analyzed.The construction method of formwork layout and construction safety measures is introduced in detail. | eng_Latn | 2,798 |
An Adaptive Large Neighborhood Search Heuristic to Solve the Crew Scheduling Problem. | This paper presents an adaptation of the adaptive large neighborhood search (ALNS) heuristic in order to solve the crew scheduling problem (CSP) of urban buses. The CSP consists in minimizing the total of crews that will drive a fleet in daily operation as well as the total overtime. The solution for the CSP is a set of duties performed by the crews throughout the day, and those duties must comply with labor laws, labor union agreements, and the company’s operational rules. The CSP is a NP-hard problem and it is usually solved by metaheuristics. Therefore, an ALNS-like heuristic was developed to solve the CSP. Its implementation was tested with real data from a bus company which operates in Belo Horizonte, MG-Brazil, and it provided solutions quite superior to those both adopted by the company and the ones generated by other methods in the literature. | Many data analysis problems involve an investigation of relationships between attributes in heterogeneous databases, where different prediction models can be more appropriate for different regions. We propose a technique of integrating global and local random subspace ensemble. We performed a comparison with other well known combining methods on standard benchmark datasets and the proposed technique gave better accuracy. | eng_Latn | 2,799 |
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