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Subassembly Detection and Automatic Generation of Assembly Sequences | The key factor for improving the efficiency of assembly sequence planning is to reduce the number of components involved in the search or generation of assembly sequences. This paper presents a methodology for automatically extracting subassemblies from a product through analyzing the interference matrices and connection matrices of an assembly in order to simplify the assembly sequence generation. By considering the engineering information of components, the number of components involved in the search of assembly sequences can be reduced greatly. | Based on the course--Computer Assembly and Maintenance offered by Vocational and Technical College,combining with the author's experience in this course,this paper analyses the problems existing in the course from six aspects: teachers,teaching materials,class period,teaching methods,teaching environment and course assessment.The author also gives out the terms of settlement.By the above six means,it can improve the effectiveness of this course. | eng_Latn | 3,000 |
AN IMPROVED BIOPSY TECHNIQUE FOR LIGHT AND ELECTRON MICROSCOPIC STUDIES OF HUMAN SKELETAL MUSCLE. | Abstract : In order to overcome handicaps in handling muscle tissue for histological examination, a new biopsy procedure was devised and used successfully in 30 patients. Wellfixed, uniform, interpretable tissue sections were obtained for either electron microscopic or light microscopic evaluation. The biopsy procedure is primarily dependent on the use of a new surgical clamp which is in essence a modified forceps with a handle made of the usual surgical spring steel and a two-pronged fork tip of a firmer, highly corrosion-resistant stainless steel that is not chemically affected by the fixative osmium tetroxide. It has a setscrew at the midpoint of the handle which makes it possible to permanently retain the specimen and prevent it from retracting once it has been clamped and dissected free. | Different systems act as one of the most promising forms of integration in the urban planning structure. In the process of formation of plans for social and economic development of major cities more often, there is a situation, when the improvement of resources efficiency needs not just a concentration of effort, but also some new and innovative forms of building production organization. It is proposed to establish in Odessa the "Corporate Scientific and Technical Complex of urban planning energy renovation" as an innovative organizational structure which practically uses the accumulated scientific and technical potential for the reconstruction of historic buildings in Odessa in 1820–920 using energy efficiency standards. It is necessary to organize courses in the form of accelerated training for workers of the occupation "master of finishing construction work" specialty "plasterer" for "KNTK GERek" effective functioning. | yue_Hant | 3,001 |
Research of Model-based Aeroengine Control System Design Structure and Workflow☆ | The control system of aeroengine design is a complex system engineeringincludingmany procedure of different subsystems. To improve the efficiency of areoengine control system design and reduce the cost and development period of research procedure, model-based areoengine control system design method can be used for integrating systems, collaborative design and optimizing design. Model-based aeroengine control system design workflow consists of the phases from analysis of system requirements to semi-physics simulation verification. The managementapproach and designprocedure can help to separate the whole design workflow into different sub-phases which can help to scheme the concurrent design procedure of complex control system in order to improve the efficiency of aeroenginedesign and optimize the performance of aeroengine control system. | In this article,authors introduce the layout method of form formwork used in Tianjin a project transfer beam with large section and large span.The behavior of formwork under load is analyzed.The construction method of formwork layout and construction safety measures is introduced in detail. | eng_Latn | 3,002 |
Analysis of requirements for an automated testing and grading assistance system | This thesis analyzes the configuration and security requirements of an auto-mated assignment testing system. The requirements for a flexible yet powerfulconfiguration format is discussed in depth, and an appropriate configurationformat is chosen. Additionally, the overall security requirements of this systemis discussed, analyzing the different alternatives available to fulfill the require-ments. | Sooner or later each manufacturer, because of the rising level of competition on the market, will have to find a way to decrease the expenses and to increase the profit. Optimization is the way to make that. In this paper optimization of metal masts construction using ANSYS Mechanical and IOSO algorithms will be discussed. Loads are automatically calculated according to the Code of Rules 20.13330.2011 and load*bearing elements are checked for strength and stability according to the Code of Rules 16.13330.2011. After the optimization run a Pareto set is created which allows to manually choose an optimal variant of construction. | eng_Latn | 3,003 |
For buildings of much over seven storys , traction elevators must be employed instead . | For buildings of much over seven stories , traction lifts must be employed instead . | For example , you might decide to copy a welcome message to every newcomer 's Talk page ; you could do this with transclusion ( though it might not be the best thing to do ! ) | eng_Latn | 3,004 |
Procedural Content Generation: Goals, Challenges and Actionable Steps | Compositional pattern producing networks: A novel abstraction of development | Infeasibility Of Super-Efficiency Data Envelopment Analysis Models | eng_Latn | 3,005 |
Obtain a Variance for Your Lot | If you are considering a construction project that violates the local jurisdiction's zoning ordinances, then you will need to apply for a variance. Getting a variance can be a tricky and expensive process, and if you don't prepare yourself properly, you may be fighting a losing battle. | Any residential building site can be graded by hand. The advantages lie in having no destruction from heavy equipment, being able to work around an existing structure, and best of all, it's free! | eng_Latn | 3,006 |
Dus Architects is building the ‘world’s first’ 3D printed house, which is located by a canal in north Amsterdam .
An industrial scale 3D printer is being used to pipe plastic bricks that will be stacked on top of one another to construct the house .
The 'room builder' machine pipes plastic lines according to computerised plans – just like a .
gigantic version of a home 3D printer .
Back to Mail Online home .
Back to the page you came from . | By . Sarah Griffiths . From food to medical instruments, it seems that 3D printing can be used to create almost anything. And now a team of ambitious architects are using the additive manufacturing technique to build an entire house. They are using an industrial scale 3D printer called a room builder to engineer the plastic parts that will be fused together to create everything from walls to the furniture. Scroll down for video . A team of ambitious architects are using 3D printing to build an entire house, shown in this artist's impression. Dus Architects's futuristic building is described as an exhibition, research and a building site for 3D printing architecture, which connects the science, construction and design communities . The house is the brainchild of Amsterdam-based firm Dus Architects. It is being built by the side of a canal in the north of the city and will be the world's first 3D printed house. The structure will have 13 rooms and is inspired by a traditional gable design. It is being printed by a giant 3D printer called KamerMaker or the 'room builder'. The machine will pipe thick lines of molten plastic around 10 times as large as lines printed by 'home' printers. Construction has been under way for around one month. The interior and exterior of rooms can be printed in one part and there is space within the blocks for cables, pipes and wiring because of their honeycomb and lattice design. The ‘world’s first’ 3D printed house, which is being built by a canal in north Amsterdam in the Netherlands, will boast 13 rooms when it is finished and concrete will only be used to provide structural support - at least at the moment. Amsterdam-based firm Dus Architects’s futuristic building is described as 'an exhibition, research and a building site for 3D printing architecture', which connects the science, construction and design communities. The 3D Print Canal House is being printed using the KamerMaker, which means room builder and pipes plastic lines of molten plastic on top of one another according to computerised plans – just like a gigantic version of a home 3D printer. The machine, which is made by Dutch firm Ultimaker, pipes lines around 10 times as large as a standard 3D printer and can create pieces of building that are 6ft wide, 6ft deep and 11ft tall (2metres by 2meters by 3.5metres). The KamerMaker machine pipes thick lines of molten plastic (pictured) that are around 10 times as thick as the lines drawn by 'home' 3D printers . The 3D Print Canal House is being printed using the KamerMaker, which means 'room builder' and pipes plastic lines on top of one another according to computerised plans - just like a gigantic version of a home 3D printer . Construction has been under way for around one month and so far a 9ft (three metre) high corner section has been printed, weighing 397lbs (180kg), according to The Guardian. Giant pieces like the corner will be used much like Lego bricks and stacked on top of one another to make the house, which is inspired by the traditional Dutch gabled town houses. The design consists of a number of rooms – each with unique features - which will be designed separately on site, before being assembled into the house, so experts can test their safety. Using computers to design and print the structure means that architects can create a house that has structural integrity, while also looking aesthetically pleasing so that the interior and exterior of rooms can be printed in one part. There is space within the plastic block walls for cables, pipes and wiring because of a honeycomb lattice design. The KamerMaker machine (pictured), which is made by Dutch firm Ultimaker, can create pieces of building that are 6ft wide, 6ft deep and 11ft tall (2metres by 2meters by 3.5metres) Here a small-scale 3D printer quickly makes small, scale sections of wall, the likes of which will be built for real by a giant printer . The plastic used to print the house is ‘a renewable, sustainable, strong, tactile and beautiful material that can compete with current building techniques,’ according to the architects. Scientists are currently testing different samples of materials to create the perfect one but the final ‘hot melt’ product will be approximately 80 per cent natural as it is a bioplastic mix made up of microfibres and plant oil. Hedwig Heinsman from the architect firm said: ‘We’re still perfecting the technology. We will continue to test over the next three years, as the technology evolves… It’s an experiment.’ At the moment, the lattice blocks are being filled with less sustainable concrete, which would make the structure, hard to recycle, but this seems to be an intermediary step. Using computers to design the house means that architects can create a house that has structural integrity, while also looking aesthetically pleasing so that the interior and exterior of rooms can be printed in one part. Here are some small examples of different types of walls, and the honeycomb cavities are easily visible . The plastic used to print the house (pictured) is ‘a . renewable, sustainable, strong, tactile and beautiful material that can . compete with current building techniques,’ according to the architects . If the house is a success and the technology honed, the architects hope that 3D printing could mark a new era in building houses. The cost of transporting materials and waste could be cut using the technique and the final buildings could be dismantled and moved in units, or completely recycled. Mr Heinsman said: 'This could revolutionise how we make our cities. This is only the beginning, but there could be endless possibilities, from printing functional solutions locally in slums and disaster areas, to high-end hotel rooms that are individually customised and printed in marble dust.’ Construction is under way on the 3D Print Canal House, pieces of which are being printed from piped plastic according to computerised plans (illustrated) - just like a gigantic version of a home 3D printer . | (CNN) -- In a warehouse about the size of four football fields, more than a million units of online retail items are housed. It is essential that all inventory is organized and easy to find, in order to get these items to their final destinations on time -- that is, unless the inventory needed can be summoned on demand. That is exactly what happens at the 25,500-square-meter Quiet Logistics fulfillment center, in Massachusetts, where 200 robots help workers prepare 10,000 to 20,000 orders for delivery every day. It uses a system designed by Amazon subsidiary Kiva that keeps track of all inventory so the robots know exactly what is on each storage unit. "The robots job is really to move inventory from storage to the work station," said Brian Lemerise VP of third-party fulfillment at Quiet Logistics. "Anytime someone places an order ... the robot is dispatched to the storage location that has that unit and brings it to our associates to pick." Kiva robots have a reported accuracy rate of 99.99%, so human error is practically eliminated in this phase of the process. With names like Bot-Mobile, Jack-in-the-Bot, and Betty-Bot, each robot is given its own identity and its own assignments. Like a choreographed routine they move autonomously up and down the aisles of the warehouse at about 10 kilometers per hour -- never missing a step, and always hitting their mark. This is made possible by the bar codes they drive over and the cameras on the bottom of the drive units, which together communicate where the bot is driving to. They are designed to operate in tight quarters and at just 76 cm long, 64cm wide and 41 cm high, the robots are small enough to travel under the storage units, yet strong enough to lift almost a metric ton of merchandise. They can even find the charging station when their power is running low. What keeps this mechanical workforce performing with such precision -- and from crashing into each other -- is the software that commands it. "We think of the software as being a giant air traffic control system," says Al Dekin, Senior VP of sales and marketing at Quiet Logistics. "The software will allocate a certain number of spots to a specific robot; that's what keeps the robots from hitting each other" He adds: "In terms of overall productivity, the use of the robotics tend to be around anywhere between three-and-a-half to upwards of five times more productive, so we'd have to have that many more people to actually get the same amount of work done." But the human touch is still necessary to get the products out the door. Quiet Logistics has 400 people working on fulfillment at the Massachusetts facility alone, so these smart machines are not yet ready to replace living workers. But they do make it easier to get the job done. | eng_Latn | 3,007 |
Pandemic DIY Projects Help Construction Materials Industry Flourish | Americans have launched a surge of DIY projects during the pandemic, transforming their homes and yards — and causing shortages of treated lumber and other supplies. | NPR's Pam Fessler reports that companies nationwide are developing new products -- or taking a new look at old ones -- to address homeland security. The buyers are companies or governments, and many are still sorting out what they need and how much they can spend. | eng_Latn | 3,008 |
Draft a Contract Clause Dealing With Delay in Performance | Clauses dealing with delays in performance come up most often in construction contracts. A construction project, whether building a single-family home or a massive sports stadium, involves multiple stages that must be completed on time. | Putting on a professional gig takes some planning and hard work. You can't go back and get that effects pedal or set of cables you forgot, so here is how to avoid disasters like forgetting something or broken equipment. | eng_Latn | 3,009 |
My older son asked me what is the difference between a building engineer and an architech? | I always thought the building engineer is who you complained to when the heat was too high. And the guy who kept the boiler from exploding! | Highly doubtful that you would be able to pull up plans on a website as most Architects and City Building Departments will not post them due to copyright laws. \n\nGenerally, gyms are just like warehouses, big & empty with upgraded HVAC and sprinkler systems, and a bit of upgraded fine finishes. It's the space planner that decides where all of the exercise equipment will go. | eng_Latn | 3,010 |
Get Free Building Materials | The idea of finding resources for free building materials may not seem possible to some. With perseverance and some luck, you can find free flooring materials, lumber, kitchen and bath fixtures and just about everything else you need. | Wanna upgrade your ship? Don't have access to a lot of raritanium? Well then here's a glitch to get any ship mod for a low price. | eng_Latn | 3,011 |
Prepare for a Marathon (Novice) | Finishing a marathon is an enormous accomplishment no matter what your time is. Running the entirety of a twenty-six mile marathon is no easy feat. You don’t have to be a professional runner to complete one, but you do need to have massive amounts of dedication and discipline. | This article is designed to give the reader information about how to build a home in Nicaragua. This includes the basics in finding a lot, design considerations, as well as information regarding the hiring of a contractor. | eng_Latn | 3,012 |
How to design a spacesuit? | A space suite has several functions like it has to protect you from cosmic radiations, keep your body pressurized in near vacuum situations, protect you from micro metroites, provide you oxygen flow to breathe, carry items/attachments that you need including oxygen, and provide you enough flexibility to move around & carry out your work. \n\nWith these objective you need to select proper set of fibers, pressurization startegy, electronics, attachements, etc. and put together a space suite!\n\nBest of luck!! | Why? The best place I can lead you to is the MIT website: http://www.mit.edu/ Plenty of help there. Otherwise, ask a reliable friend. | eng_Latn | 3,013 |
Like the asbestos partitions on my house, I use ZoneAlarm as this type of software to keep my computer secure | Compare ZoneAlarm Firewall & Antivirus Software ZoneAlarm offers a range of security software products, suiting both consumer and ... Includes Find My Laptop, PC Tune-Up, Online Backup,; Identity Protection... | The world's first skyscraper: a history of cities in 50 buildings, day 9 ... Apr 2, 2015 ... The Home Insurance Building was built with a steel frame in 1885 after the Great Chicago Fire destroyed parts of the mostly wooden city in... | eng_Latn | 3,014 |
What aspect of windows generally varied between floors? | Windows in all types of buildings were large and regularly placed on a grid; this was partly to minimize window tax, which was in force throughout the period in the United Kingdom. Some windows were subsequently bricked-in. Their height increasingly varied between the floors, and they increasingly began below waist-height in the main rooms, making a small balcony desirable. Before this the internal plan and function of the rooms can generally not be deduced from the outside. To open these large windows the sash window, already developed by the 1670s, became very widespread. Corridor plans became universal inside larger houses. | The first elevator shaft preceded the first elevator by four years. Construction for Peter Cooper's Cooper Union Foundation building in New York began in 1853. An elevator shaft was included in the design, because Cooper was confident that a safe passenger elevator would soon be invented. The shaft was cylindrical because Cooper thought it was the most efficient design. Later, Otis designed a special elevator for the building. Today the Otis Elevator Company, now a subsidiary of United Technologies Corporation, is the world's largest manufacturer of vertical transport systems. | eng_Latn | 3,015 |
What floor were the main receptions rooms generally located? | Versions of revived Palladian architecture dominated English country house architecture. Houses were increasingly placed in grand landscaped settings, and large houses were generally made wide and relatively shallow, largely to look more impressive from a distance. The height was usually highest in the centre, and the Baroque emphasis on corner pavilions often found on the continent generally avoided. In grand houses, an entrance hall led to steps up to a piano nobile or mezzanine floor where the main reception rooms were. Typically the basement area or "rustic", with kitchens, offices and service areas, as well as male guests with muddy boots, came some way above ground, and was lit by windows that were high on the inside, but just above ground level outside. A single block was typical, with a perhaps a small court for carriages at the front marked off by railings and a gate, but rarely a stone gatehouse, or side wings around the court. | The first elevator shaft preceded the first elevator by four years. Construction for Peter Cooper's Cooper Union Foundation building in New York began in 1853. An elevator shaft was included in the design, because Cooper was confident that a safe passenger elevator would soon be invented. The shaft was cylindrical because Cooper thought it was the most efficient design. Later, Otis designed a special elevator for the building. Today the Otis Elevator Company, now a subsidiary of United Technologies Corporation, is the world's largest manufacturer of vertical transport systems. | eng_Latn | 3,016 |
I was very surprised when I first heard "this elevator going up". But then I heard it in a bunch of other places, so it is not a mistake. So, why is it not "the elevator is going up/down"? Thank you! Cheers | Is it correct? It's the message I see right before the metro/subway train shows up. Shouldn't it be "train is approaching" or "train approaches"? | I am currently developing a website which is going to take some time to finish. I need to move some 'stuff' to production frequently, while maintaining a under construction status. My front page will clearly mention that my website is under construction. I know crawlers will access my URL before I am ready to go live. Should I tell them my site is under construction (no need to index)? If yes how? P.S.: Eventually, I am ok to let them see my under construction front page. | eng_Latn | 3,017 |
How do we cost optimize concrete structure? | What is the best method of cost optimization of concrete structure? | I am working with quality control of smart textiles. Which method do you recommend me to do so? | eng_Latn | 3,018 |
Where and why rigid materials are used in construction? | Where and why are used rigid materials in construction? | When is the RRB senior section engineer exam conducted? | eng_Latn | 3,019 |
what is an infill construction project | Infill construction financing is a special type of loan designed for individuals or businesses undertaking infill construction projects. 1.866.702.7678 Edmonton: (780) 702-7678 | Infill development is new construction on scattered vacant or underutilized lots in. the established neighborhoods and business districts of your community. These. infill sites are typically located closer to the center of your community and are. already served by public infrastructure, such as roads, water and sewer lines. | eng_Latn | 3,020 |
what is a doghouse manhole | My situation is that a building is being expanded over an existing sanitary line. Obviously, we plan to lay new pipe outside of the building envelope. Where the new pipe intersects the existing pipe we will use doghouse manholes. My question relates to the order in which construction occurs. | The manhole cover is the visible part of the manhole which most people interact with. A manhole cover is typically round, to prevent it from falling into the manhole and also to make it easier to put back when the work is finished, as no corners need to be matched. | eng_Latn | 3,021 |
what is infill | In urban planning, infill is the rededication of land in an urban environment, usually open-space, to new construction.[1] Infill also applies within an urban polity to construction on any undeveloped land that is not on the urban margin. The slightly broader term land-recycling is sometimes used instead. Infill has been promoted as an economical use of existing infrastructure and a remedy for urban sprawl. | Figure 2. Example map of previously developed area within project. Infill Site. infill site a site that meets any of the following four conditions: At least 75% of its boundary borders parcels that individually are at least 50% previously developed, and that in aggregate are at least 75% previously developed. | eng_Latn | 3,022 |
Construct Removal Boxes | Putting together removal boxes (also called moving boxes) is a handy skill and the faster that you can do it with accuracy, the quicker your packing can go. | The layout of your base can greatly affect the outcome of any war in Clash of Clans. Properly laid bases are very hard to destroy and can stop opposing clan members from getting three stars from you. | eng_Latn | 3,023 |
Make Models of Buildings in Roblox | To make a model of a building in Roblox is pretty simple. Just follow these steps and you'll be there in no time. | Are you looking to up your Minecraft game? These steps will help you create a business of selling and trading, providing supplies and jobs for the other players of the server. | eng_Latn | 3,024 |
what is platform construction | Platform framing is a method of construction used primarily in small structure applications, such as in the construction of houses or small apartment complexes and buildings. The name platform framing is derived from the manner in which the construction is undertaken. The process used is to build upward from the foundation, or platform. | A railway platform is a section of pathway, alongside rail tracks at a railway station, metro station or tram stop, at which passengers may board or alight from trains or trams. | eng_Latn | 3,025 |
what are the major elevator companies | Major Elevator Corp. was established in 1993 family owned & operated. We service to all 5 boroughs of New York. Our mechanics are field dispatched to minimize elevator down time. We offer customized preventive maintenance programs designed specifically for your needs with a variety of service contracts available to choose from. Our technicians perform service the old-fashioned way, attention to detail, pride in their work and a belief that the customer should get what they pay for. We take pride in our personalized service and are independently owned and operated to serve you better. | An elevator (lift in British English) is a type of vertical transport equipment that moves people or goods between floors (levels, decks) of a building, vessel, or other structure. | eng_Latn | 3,026 |
what needs to be done to move a crane safely to a job site | If your business is involved in crane operations, seek to improve safety initiatives by removing hazards or risks that may lead to accidents. It is in your duty of care to maintain the safety on your craneâs site. Our range of hire equipment includes cranes, crane trucks, heavy haulage trailers and gear, access equipment and pilot vehicles. We also provide nationwide 24/7 transport and crane hire services. | Due to the large and heavy objects often being transported by overhead cranes, routine inspections are necessary to ensure continued operation and overhead crane safety. An initial inspection of the crane (new or altered) prior to initial use is necessary. Once placed into service, overhead cranes will require two different types of inspections. | eng_Latn | 3,027 |
what step in the construction process is an elevator installed | while the other one is used to hoist the car to the installation height. The elevator drive machine is preferably transported to the site of installation packed in a framework having at its bottom edge at least the beams supporting the machine. | ⢠The voltage, number of phases, and frequency of the power source for the motor and lighting. contractor: ⢠Architectural finishing of the walls and floors in the vicinity of the entrance hall after installation has been completed. ⢠Construction of an illuminated, ventilated and waterproofed elevator hoistway. | eng_Latn | 3,028 |
GIS-Based Planning and Modeling for Renewable Energy: Challenges and Future Research Avenues | building analysis for urban energy planning using key indicators on virtual 3 d city models - the energy atlas of berlin . | Dual-band reconfigurable antenna with a very wide tunability range | eng_Latn | 3,029 |
A multiperiod set covering location model for dynamic redeployment of ambulances | Strategic facility location: A review | Tabu Search - Part I | eng_Latn | 3,030 |
floor layout planning using artificial intelligence technique . | Space Layout Planning using an Evolutionary Approach | An efficient algorithm for dynamic shortest path tree update in network routing | eng_Latn | 3,031 |
Standards based generation of a virtual factory model | Design Principles for Industrie 4.0 Scenarios: A Literature Review | Building theory in the sciences of the artificial | eng_Latn | 3,032 |
what is GIS for electrical network? | GIS is Geographical Information System, Related to Geography & geolodgy | Highly doubtful that you would be able to pull up plans on a website as most Architects and City Building Departments will not post them due to copyright laws. \n\nGenerally, gyms are just like warehouses, big & empty with upgraded HVAC and sprinkler systems, and a bit of upgraded fine finishes. It's the space planner that decides where all of the exercise equipment will go. | eng_Latn | 3,033 |
An effective solution for a real cutting stock problem in manufacturing plastic rolls | lp models for bin packing and cutting stock problems . | Ambiguity and tacit knowledge in requirements elicitation interviews | eng_Latn | 3,034 |
Investigation and Analysis of Urban Spatial Structure around the Train Stations in Kitakyushu by Using Space Syntax and GIS | An integration of space syntax into GIS for modelling urban spaces | Perspectives and results on the stability and stabilizability of hybrid systems | eng_Latn | 3,035 |
A Generalized Approach to the Solution of One-Dimensional Stock-Cutting Problem for Small Shipyards | A Linear Programming Approach to the Cutting-Stock Problem | Fetal cerebellar disorders. | eng_Latn | 3,036 |
Modeling crowd evacuation of a building based on seven methodological approaches | Searching efficient plans for emergency rescue through simulation: the case of a metro fire | Multi-labelled classification using maximum entropy method | eng_Latn | 3,037 |
A 3D-BPP approach for optimising stowage plans and terminal productivity | The Three-Dimensional Bin Packing Problem | Lower bounds and reduction procedures for the bin packing problem | eng_Latn | 3,038 |
what is interactive floor plan | The Interactive Floor Plan is an inexpensive tool designed by you which can be used for the planning and response to any major incident at a facility. The Interactive Floor Plan removes the problem of responders going blindly into your facility without any idea of how the buildings are laid out. | First Floor Second Floor. Figure 1: Computer-generated building layout. An architectural program, illustrated by a bubble diagram (left), generated by a Bayesian. network trained on real-world data. A set of ï¬oor plans (middle), optimized for the architectural program. A 3D model (right), generated. | eng_Latn | 3,039 |
what is building automation | For automation within residences, see Home automation. Building automation is the automatic centralized control of a building's heating, ventilation and air conditioning, lighting and other systems through a building management system or building automation system (BAS). | BAS is mainly used in commercial HVAC control systems and energy management system applications. Building Automation itself is an energy management system which saves management companies and building owners by efficiently controlling air conditioning and heating comfort and process systems. | eng_Latn | 3,040 |
Components for parametric urban design in Grasshopper from street network to building geometry | A Formal BasisfortheHeuristic Determination of Minimum CostPaths | " release early , release often " ? an empirical analysis of release strategy in open source software co - creation . | eng_Latn | 3,041 |
A General Low-Cost Indirect Branch Prediction Using Target Address Pointers | TAP prediction: Reusing conditional branch predictor for indirect branches with Target Address Pointers | Integrating process and work breakdown structure with design structure matrix | eng_Latn | 3,042 |
Towards pattern-based mixed-initiative dungeon generation | Tanagra: Reactive Planning and Constraint Solving for Mixed-Initiative Level Design | 語 法 規 律 的 抽 取 及 普 遍 化 與 精 確 化 的 研 究 ( grammar extraction , generalization and specialization ) [ in chinese ] . | eng_Latn | 3,043 |
An application-independent concurrency skeleton in Ada 95 | Foundations for the study of software architecture | Users' Preference Prediction of Real Estates Featuring Floor Plan Analysis using FloorNet | eng_Latn | 3,044 |
Optimal value for make -j | How to determine the maximum number to pass to make -j option? | How to determine the maximum number to pass to make -j option? | eng_Latn | 3,045 |
BARRIERS AND BENEFITS OF TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT IN THE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY : EVIDENCE FROM TURKISH CONTRACTORS | Total Quality Management In Construction Industry | Total Quality Management | yue_Hant | 3,046 |
can anyone explain to me how KPI's are used in construction management? | key performance indicators (KPI'S) increase project and company performance | These are\nPer capita income\nGDP and GNP\nTotal Trade\nBalance of Payments\nConsumer price index (CPI)\nSensitive price index (SPI)\n\nFor different countires these figures are easily available on the net. One good example is the web site of CIA world fact book. | eng_Latn | 3,047 |
A multi-structural framework for adaptive supply chain planning and operations control with structure dynamics considerations | Supply chain management and advanced planning : basics, overview and challenges | gMission: A General Spatial Crowdsourcing Platform | eng_Latn | 3,048 |
Modeling the global freight transportation system: A multi-level modeling perspective | The complex network of global cargo ship movements | Towards Optimising Non-functional Requirements | eng_Latn | 3,049 |
setting up cost and schedule variances | $30,000 will get paid to the crew doing the work. How can Wil set up a schedule and cost variance? When a project is scoped and the budget is set up the bids can be requested so that the schedule can be addressed. Wil can schedule the number of people needed and equipment based on the bids that have been given. Based on recent shearing Wil can set up the schedule so that the project will be completed within this month. The cost variances can be addressed in the resources side of the project. What method can Wil use to control any changes in scope to the project, such as change in shape of shearing from his customers? | Module 6 â Metrics, Performance Measures and Forecasting 14 Prepared by: Booz Allen Hamilton Variances: Schedule Variance example A Schedule Variance of -$5,120 tells you that the project is âBehindâ schedule.Using the graph to right, you can see that on 1/31 the EV line (green) is below the PV line (blue). | eng_Latn | 3,050 |
what is a construction company | Construction is directly tied into the fields of civil engineering and architecture. It is a process that consists of building an infrastructure. As a result of this role or procedural description, a construction company is responsible for building structures, in both the commercial and private sectors.he laws which govern the construction process are aimed at preventing cataclysmic events in the future. Explosions, bridge collapses, faulty structures, and wrongful deaths are examples of certain calamities that can occur if a construction company fails to adhere to the governing laws of their project. | Construction is the process of constructing a building or infrastructure. Construction differs from manufacturing in that manufacturing typically involves mass production of similar items without a designated purchaser, while construction typically takes place on location for a known client. Construction as an industry comprises six to nine percent of the gross domestic product of developed countries. Construction starts with planning, design, and financing; and continues until the project is bu | eng_Latn | 3,051 |
is industrial an occupancy type | Industrial facility occupancies are for use with the AIR U.S. Earthquake and Hurricane models only. If used with any other peril, these occupancies will be mapped back to a 300 series industrial occupancy code. | The type and group of a building refers to the type of construction, and the use and occupancy classification which is from the International Building Code. For your convenience, please see the types of construction and occupancy groups listings. Please see the Applications and Documents section for more information. | eng_Latn | 3,052 |
bunker automation | Company Summary. Bunker Automation Llc is located at 625 Phillip Davis Dr in Charlotte and has been in the business of Industrial Machinery And Equipment since 2008. VERIFIED Status: UNVERIFIED. | Bunker Automation. Wolverine Build Group traveled to North Carolina to complete the new construction of a 30,000 sq. ft. industrial plant for Bunker Automation, manufacturer of parts for the automotive industry. Wolverineâs team also completed 3,000 sq. ft. office build-out in the companyâs existing facility. | zsm_Latn | 3,053 |
what is meant in the construction world by the term of enabling | Designing Buildings Wiki The construction industry knowledge base. Enabling works for construction. Enabling works is a generic description for site preparation works that might take place prior to work under the main construction contract. This could include: Demolition. Site clearance. Tree protection. Diversion and / or disconnection of existing site services. | Designing Buildings Wiki The construction industry knowledge base. Enabling works for construction. Enabling works is a generic description for site preparation works that might take place prior to work under the main construction contract. This could include: Demolition. Site clearance. Tree protection. Diversion and / or disconnection of existing site services. | eng_Latn | 3,054 |
building process definition | Building construction is the process of adding structure to real property or construction of buildings. The majority of building construction jobs are small renovations, such as addition of a room, or renovation of a bathroom. | Building and Construction-Knowledge of materials, methods, and the tools involved in the construction or repair of houses, buildings, or other structures such as highways and roads. Customer and Personal Service-Knowledge of principles and processes for providing customer and personal services. This includes customer needs assessment, meeting quality standards for services, and evaluation of customer satisfaction. | eng_Latn | 3,055 |
benefits of design assist construction | Design-assist can be implemented on nearly any construction project regardless of type or size. Its benefits include improvements in design efficiency, cost management, speed to market, and constructability. DA is best leveraged when early engagement of certain subcontractors is most beneficial for the project. | Benefits By Design is a full-service group insurance consulting and brokerage firm, specializing in a complete line of employee benefit products and packages. Benefits By Design has the expertise and experience to guide your company to affordable plans. We look for the optimal plan that protects your companyâs assets while providing a benefit program that fits your employeesâ needs. | eng_Latn | 3,056 |
what requirements are needed for dev sites | Site Development Plans are required for the erection of all buildings on erven zoned âResidential 2â, âResidential 3â and where the submission of a site development plan is required as a condition of zoning of a property. The Council may, however, at its discretion, require a Site Development Plan for development of any kind in any | A few of the core requirements that are necessary for companies or facilities to succeed with Lean Six Sigma include: 1 Organizations must have a compelling reason for implementing Lean Six Sigma. Senior management must be 100-percent invested in and committed to achieving Lean Six Sigma. | eng_Latn | 3,057 |
in construction what does mep stand for | MEP stands for Mechanical, Electrical and Plumbing services in construction. Get the perfect design and construction solution through Pinnacleâs BIM services for MEP design firms that include: § Design Development & Coordination § 3DModeling § Design Engineering & Validation § Construction Documents § Quantity Take-off | MEP Coordinator. PRIMARY PURPOSE: Provide administrative and technical responsibilities for the MEP portion of selected projects Responsibilities will include: Assist preconstruction manager, MEP manager, and Project Manager in pre-award interviews as requested. 10 to 15 years of commercial mechanical construction experience in the following areas | eng_Latn | 3,058 |
largest european engineering firm | One of the biggest engineering and design and construction firms in the United States is URS Corporation. Operating in the US as well as in Europe, the Asia Pacific, Africa, and the Americas, URS Corporation offers full engineering and design and construction services to private enterprises as well as government agencies around the world. | WSP | Parsons Brinckerhoff, Fluor, and Arup engineer firms top Building Design+Construction's 2016 ranking of the largest engineering firms in the United States. Download Media Kit | eng_Latn | 3,059 |
what is cd in construction | Why Choose CD Construction. We are carpentry general contractors: with extensive experience in framing, trim, siding, custom homes and additions. We are a smaller company that can handle any size job but still treat the client as a priority. We also offer design and build services and work closely with a fully licensed architect. | The term modular home describes the construction method, or the process of how the structure was built. modular construction 1. Construction in which a selected unit or module, such as a box or other subcomponent, is used repeatedly in the aggregate construction. | eng_Latn | 3,060 |
what is a construction consultant | Construction consultants supply qualified guidance during each and every phase of both residential or commercial construction. Expert businesses exist all across the country. Normally, a construction consulting firm will utilise quality control specialists, accountants, professional architects, building contractors, structural or civil engineers, and landscape experts. | Single Family Homes. Forensic Building Consultants provides expert building science services at every state of a structure's life cycle. We offer guidance and consultation during the pre-construction design stage. During the construction phase we are on-site to provide quality assurance services and to assist with managing unforeseen conditions. In the case of existing buildings we investigate, analyze and assist with construction defect resolution. Architects, contractors, facility and property managers, homeowners and attorneys rely on Forensic to provide trusted solutions and customized recommendations appropriate for their project scope and budget. | eng_Latn | 3,061 |
is the owner of architect responsible for submitting plans for permitting | Contractors and suppliers frequently submit design elements for the approval by the design team. Contractors, subcontractors and suppliers can also be responsible for design-build elements that must be. coordinated with the overall design concept. | Notable Building Permits filed by Jim Walters Homes. New residence **must submit engineered truss plans before final frame inspection.** mcdaniel a/c & heating 11/08/06 mac's electric 11/10/06 tdc plumbing inc 11/13/06 baytown plumbing 1/02... BLDG PERMIT-NEW R... | eng_Latn | 3,062 |
types of construction bids | The duration of the bidding period is affected by the contracting mode chosen and the type of bidding required. CHAPTER 2: BIDDING DOCUMENTS. The bidding documents are prepared by the design professional and the Facility during a project's construction documents phase and are assembled by the Facility. The University has approved the use of three types of construction bidding documents: the Long Form, the Brief Form, and the Mini Form. The Office of the President and the Office of the General Counsel have requested the opportunity to review and approve certain bidding documents before their issuance to bidders. | There are many ways to put a bid together, depending on the type of. construction and the personality of the contractor. The following bid procedure. is quite simple, straightforward and is fairly typical of most commercial. construction estimating. It is made up of six basic parts using a color coding system. | eng_Latn | 3,063 |
different types of construction industry | The Construction Industry ⺠Types of Construction THE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY IS divided into two sectors: Non-residential, which has three sub-sectors (heavy industrial, institutional and commercial, engineering), and Residential. Each sector has its own merits with a varied and rewarding range of work projects. You might find yourself: 1 constructing cutting-edge, eco-friendly homes. 2 constructing massive hydro-electric projects like the Niagara Tunnel Project. 3 building state-of-the-art entertainment complexes, like the Edmonton arena, Rogers Place. 4 building a super-bridge, like the Port Mann Bridge. | List of construction trades. The following is a list of trades in construction. Boilermaker, works in nuclear and fossil power plants, shipyards, refineries and chemical plants, on boilers, pressure vessels, and similar equipment. Carpenter, a craftsperson who performs carpentry, building mainly with wood. | eng_Latn | 3,064 |
BIM and Agent-Based Model Integration for Construction Management Optimization | A Theoretical Framework of a BIM-Based Multi-Disciplinary Collaboration Platform | THE DUALITY RETHINKING TECHNOLOGY OF TECHNOLOGY : THE CONCEPT OF IN ORGANIZATIONS | eng_Latn | 3,065 |
a detailed discussion of the concept of an intelligent building? | http://website.lineone.net/~brian-flude/page_4.htm\n\nThe above is a great site you really have to see it........\n\n\nThe definitions of an intelligent or integrated building.\nOne That Maximizes The Efficiency Of Its Occupants And Allows Effective Management Of Resource With Minimum Life Costs .\nOneThat is More Responsive To User Needs and has the Ability to Adapt to New Technology or Changes in the Organizational Structures. | Highly doubtful that you would be able to pull up plans on a website as most Architects and City Building Departments will not post them due to copyright laws. \n\nGenerally, gyms are just like warehouses, big & empty with upgraded HVAC and sprinkler systems, and a bit of upgraded fine finishes. It's the space planner that decides where all of the exercise equipment will go. | eng_Latn | 3,066 |
does any one have a report on gear box design? thnx? | Check out the following link: | Well, you see projects are supposed to be original.\nHowever if you need one real bad here are a few Ideas:\n1. Create something like Pacman, in graphics mode.\n2. Create a CAlculator that works like any ordinary calculator but on the computer screen\n3. Goto www.kicit.com for projects u could steal without anyone noticing. | eng_Latn | 3,067 |
what is ecp in construction | Engineering, procurement, and construction. Engineering, Procurement, and Construction (EPC) is a particular form of contracting arrangement used in some industries where the EPC Contractor is made responsible for all the activities from design, procurement, construction, to commissioning and handover of the project to the End-User or Owner. | Engineered Cementitious Composite (ECC), also called bendable concrete, is an easily molded mortar-based composite reinforced with specially selected short random fibers, usually polymer fibers. Unlike regular concrete, ECC has a strain capacity in the range of 3â7%, compared to 0.01% for ordinary portland cement (OPC). | eng_Latn | 3,068 |
what is considered mechanical equipment | Mechanical room in a large office building. A mechanical room or a boiler room is a room or space in a building dedicated to the mechanical equipment and its associated electrical equipment, as opposed to rooms intended for human occupancy or storage.odern buildings use control systems to manage HVAC cycles, lighting, communications, and life safety equipment. Often, the control system hardware is located in the mechanical room and monitored or accessed remotely. | Mechanical engineers design other machines inside buildings, such as elevators and escalators. They also design material-handling systems, such as conveyor systems and automated transfer stations. | eng_Latn | 3,069 |
what is upwork | Upwork, formerly Elance-oDesk, is a global freelancing platform where businesses and independent professionals connect and collaborate remotely.In 2015, Elance-oDesk was rebranded as Upwork. It is based out of Mountain View and San Francisco, California.pwork has nine million registered freelancers and four million registered clients. Three million jobs are posted annually, worth a total of $1 billion USD, making it the world's largest freelancer marketplace. | Formwork is the walls that support the concrete until its set. It forms a mould. The best material for formwork is timber at least 25mm thick and equal in width to the concrete thickness.lywood formwork from your local building supply or timber yard is easy to cut to shape and can be reused for several jobs. You can cut enough formwork from a standard 2440mm x 1220mm sheet to make a path 1 metre wide and about 10 metres long. 1 Place the forms along the borders marked out with string. | eng_Latn | 3,070 |
Comparison of the Proview pressure phosphene tonometer performed by the patient and examiner with the Goldmann applanation tonometer. | An overview of home tonometry and telemetry for intraocular pressure monitoring in humans | No evidence for apparent extent between parallels as the basis of the Poggendorff effect | eng_Latn | 3,071 |
What is the optimal interval between successive home blood pressure readings using an automated oscillometric device? | Hypertension Optimal Treatment (HOT) Study : Home Blood Pressure in Treated Hypertensive Subjects | Equilibrium Unemployment as a Worker Discipline Device | eng_Latn | 3,072 |
Validation of inflationary noninvasive blood pressure monitoring in the emergency room | Oscillometric blood pressure measurement: progress and problems. | Unattended interferometric sensors | eng_Latn | 3,073 |
Blood Pressure Measurements Taken by Patients are Similar to Home and Ambulatory Blood Pressure Measurements | What is the white-coat effect and how should it be measured? | Blood volume expansion does not explain the increase in peak oxygen uptake induced by 10 weeks of endurance training | eng_Latn | 3,074 |
Phrenic nerve damage is widely recognized after cardiac operations and is associated with an increased morbidity and mortality. Retrospective studies in children have estimated a prevalence of phrenic damage of between 0.5% and 2.2%, but all these studies have limited their investigations to patients who have clinical problems postoperatively, and they have all used clinical or radiologic methods to diagnose the damage. These methods are indirect and hard to evaluate, making the accurate early diagnosis of phrenic nerve damage very difficult. Measurement of phrenic nerve conduction time (phrenic latency) allows direct evaluation of phrenic function and integrity, making it potentially much more specific than indirect methods. Using a simplified method of direct phrenic nerve stimulation, we have developed a method of measuring phrenic latency at the bedside in infants and children. A 1 Hz electrical stimulus is applied over the phrenic nerve in the neck and a diaphragmatic electromyogram from the seventh and eighth intercostal spaces is displayed on a storage oscilloscope. Phrenic latency can be measured directly from the screen. Using these methods we have now studied 37 children (aged 2 days to 15 years) before and after cardiac operations. Mean phrenic latency was 5.4 +/- 1.0 msec on the right and 5.4 +/- 1.0 msec on the left. Prolongation of phrenic latency by more than 2 msec was found in seven of 66 postoperative measurements (10.6%). These patients had a substantially worse postoperative course. We believe this technique to be an important contribution to the diagnosis of postoperative phrenic nerve damage, and one that can help in clinical practice to elucidate an important cause of postoperative morbidity and mortality. | A 26 week gestation infant had an increasingly elevated right hemidiaphragm following drainage of bilateral pleural effusions and failed extubation on numerous occasions. Electric stimulation of the phrenic nerves revealed absent activity on the right, indicating phrenic nerve injury from chest tube drain insertion. Diaphragmatic plication was performed and the infant successfully extubated four days later. | An interconnected electric power system is a complex system that must be operated within a safe frequency range in order to reliably maintain the instantaneous balance between generation and load. This is accomplished by ensuring that adequate resources are available to respond to expected and unexpected imbalances and restoring frequency to its scheduled value in order to ensure uninterrupted electric service to customers. Electrical systems must be flexible enough to reliably operate under a variety of change scenarios. System planners and operators must understand how other parts of the system change in response to the initial change, and need tools to manage such changes to ensure reliable operation within the scheduled frequency range. This report presents a systematic approach to identifying metrics that are useful for operating and planning a reliable system with increased amounts of variable renewable generation which builds on existing industry practices for frequency control after unexpected loss of a large amount of generation. The report introduces a set of metrics or tools for measuring the adequacy of frequency response within an interconnection. Based on the concept of the frequency nadir, these metrics take advantage of new information gathering and processing capabilities that system operators are developing for wide-area situational awareness. Primary frequency response is the leading metric that will be used by this report to assess the adequacy of primary frequency control reserves necessary to ensure reliable operation. It measures what is needed to arrest frequency decline (i.e., to establish frequency nadir) at a frequency higher than the highest set point for under-frequency load shedding within an interconnection. These metrics can be used to guide the reliable operation of an interconnection under changing circumstances. | eng_Latn | 3,075 |
On the reliability of pulse oximetry at the sternum | Non-invasive assessment of arterial oxygen saturation has traditionally been entrusted to pulse oximetry. Whereas commercial probes are confined to the finger tip or the forehead, several recent works aim at enlarging the range of placement sites. In the context of the development of a continuous multi-parameter health monitoring system, CSEM is exploring the reliability of pulse oximetry measurements at the sternum. This talk will address both theoretical and practical aspects of the development of such a sensor with special emphasis on the reliability of the measurement. Experimental data obtained from a novel eight channels sensor will be presented. | Background ::: Breast and chest asymmetries have been reported with varying incidences in patients requesting augmentation mammoplasty. However, there is a paucity of information regarding the sizes of different implants used, their relative distribution on either side, complications and revision rates in this cohort when compared with primary augmentation mammoplasty using similar size implants. | eng_Latn | 3,076 |
Polygraph hands wavered and heart-rate monitors beeped. | The monitor beeped for my heart rate. | The monitor was silent. | eng_Latn | 3,077 |
Measurement of blood volumetric changes in human body by photoplethysmographic sensors is used in present study. Objective is to measured different parameters that are heart rate, respiratory rate, BP. PPG signal is acquired by PPG sensor, microcontroller and RS 232. The acquired PPG signal is displayed in MATLAB. Frequency domain analysis of PPG signal shows a two peaks first at around 0.25 to 0.35 Hz and second at around 1 to 1.5 Hz. FFT at 1Hz relates to 60 BPM and FFT at 0.25 Hz relates to 15 respiratory cycles per minute. For BP Measurement, the pulse height of PPG is proportional to the difference between the systolic and the diastolic pressure in the arteries. The standard blood pressure monitoring instrument is used to calculate correlation coefficient. The arterial blood pressure is calculated based on these coefficients. PPG signal is used to detect blood pressure pulsations in a finger and achieved an accuracy of (0.8 ± 7) mmHg and (0.9 ± 6) mmHg for systolic and diastolic pressure, respectively. The developed PPG based method can be used as a noninvasive alternative to the conventional occluding-cuff approaches for long-term and continuous monitoring of blood pressure, heart rate and respiratory rate. | In this paper the design and development of a wireless heart rate and oxygen saturation monitor based on low cost microcontrollers is described. Pulse oximetry is used to measure these vital signs. This is a non-invasive method that uses two light sources at different wavelength and a photodetector to capture the amount of light that is transmitted through the tissue. The signal captured is called the photoplethysmogram signal (PPG). Oxygen saturation (SpO2) and heart rate (HR) is obtained from the analysis of the PPG signal. The system is connected to a local area network through a wireless communication module; the information is transmitted in real time to a webpage allowing the monitoring of a patient remotely. The measurements obtained are compared with a commercial pulse oximeter using the Bland-Altman method. The obtained results show the good performance of the proposed system. | In this paper the design and development of a wireless heart rate and oxygen saturation monitor based on low cost microcontrollers is described. Pulse oximetry is used to measure these vital signs. This is a non-invasive method that uses two light sources at different wavelength and a photodetector to capture the amount of light that is transmitted through the tissue. The signal captured is called the photoplethysmogram signal (PPG). Oxygen saturation (SpO2) and heart rate (HR) is obtained from the analysis of the PPG signal. The system is connected to a local area network through a wireless communication module; the information is transmitted in real time to a webpage allowing the monitoring of a patient remotely. The measurements obtained are compared with a commercial pulse oximeter using the Bland-Altman method. The obtained results show the good performance of the proposed system. | eng_Latn | 3,078 |
Flows in the unregulated Great Lakes connecting channels, the St. Clair and Detroit Rivers, are normally determined using mathematical flow models with calibration based on periodic discharge measurements taken during the open-water seasons. Consequently, the calculated flows normally exhibit good accuracy during ice-free periods, but may contain large errors during winter months with extensive ice cover. The St. Clair River is particularly prone to large ice jams because of practically unlimited ice flow supply provided by Lake Huron and an extensive river delta that retards the passage of these ice flows. This study describes the experimental results of continuous flow measurements using electro magnetic (EM) current meters and an acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) meter during the 1983–1985 period. A record ice jam in the St. Clair River occurred in April 1984 and provided an excellent opportunity for testing the current meter program. Verification of current meter results was provided by flows transferred from the Detroit River, which was ice-free and permitted accurate flow simulation. The current meter flow measurement program illustrated high consistency of exponential (logarithmic) vertical distribution of velocities. Results indicate that accurate estimates of mean river flows can be obtained with a single well-placed current meter. However, the EM current meters are direct contact single-point sensors that are affected by frazil ice during winter and weed effects during most of the year. The ADCP meter is a remote sensor of velocities in the overhead water column and is not affected by the frazil ice and weed problems. | A Brief Literature Review of Open-Channel Current Meter Testing Kirk G. Thibodeaux 1 , Member ASCE The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) has undertaken the task of conducting an evaluation of the USGS's standard water-flow current meter, the Price type-AA current meter. The first part of the USGS's task was to conduct a comprehensive literature review to determine the extent and types of testing that has been conducted to evaluate the performance of various types of current meters used for open-channel flow measurements. The meter types included in the review were the vertical-axis mechanical type, the horizontal-axis mechanical type, the electromagnetic type, and the point-velocity acoustic (ultrasonic) type current meters. The review revealed that current meters have been systematically tested since the 1890's. The testing covered in the literature consisted of evaluating the performance of current meters subjected to various methods of standard calibration techniques, to oscillatory flow (vertical, horizontal, and axial), to oblique flow (vertical and horizontal angles of flow), proximity to boundaries, turbulence effects, and temperature effects. | Power Doppler (PD) imaging is a widely used technique for flow detection. Despite the wide use of Doppler ultrasound, limitations exist in the ability of Doppler ultrasound to assess slow flow in the small-diameter vasculature, such as the maternal spiral arteries and fetal villous arteries of the placenta and focal liver lesions. The sensitivity of PD in small vessel detection is limited by the low signal produced by slow flow and the noise associated with small vessels. The noise sources include electronic noise, stationary or slowly moving tissue clutter, reverberation clutter, and off-axis scattering from tissue, among others. In order to provide more sensitive detection of slow flow in small diameter vessels, a coherent flow imaging technique, termed coherent flow PD (CFPD), is characterized and evaluated with simulation, flow phantom experiment studies, and an in vivo animal small vessel detection study. CFPD imaging was introduced as a technique to detect slow blood flow. It has been demonstrated to detect slow flow below the detection threshold of conventional PD imaging using identical pulse sequences and filter parameters. In this paper, we compare CFPD with PD in the detection of blood flow in small-diameter vessels. The results from the study suggest that CFPD is able to provide a 7.5-12.5-dB increase in the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) over PD images for the same physiological conditions and is less susceptible to reverberation clutter and thermal noise. Due to the increase in SNR, CFPD is able to detect small vessels in high channel noise cases, for which PD was unable to generate enough contrast to observe the vessel. | eng_Latn | 3,079 |
A Simple FPGA Based ECG R Wave Peak Detection System For Heart Rate And Heart Rate Variability Calculation | A fast and accurate FPGA based QRS detection system | A NEW real-time ECG R-wave detection algorithm | kor_Hang | 3,080 |
Measurand: a cornerstone concept in metrology | A structural model of direct measurement | Beyond Counterinsurgency: Why the Concept is Failing | eng_Latn | 3,081 |
Introduction to Infrared Spectroscopy Terms and Definitions The Properties of Light What Is an Infrared Spectrum? What Are Infrared Spectra Used For? The Advantages and Disadvantages of Infrared Spectroscopy The Advantages and Disadvantages of FTIR The Advantages of FTIRs The Disadvantage of FTIR FTIR: The Rest of the Story How an FTIR Works Interferometers and Interferograms How Many Scans Should Be Used? How an Interferogram Becomes a Spectrum Scanning Advice Instrumental Resolution What Determines Resolution in an FTIR Scan? What Resolution Should Be Used? FTIR Trading Rules FTIR Hardware Interferometers Infrared Sources Beamsplitters Infrared Detectors The Laser Testing Instrument Quality and Troubleshooting Proper Use of Spectral Processing The Rules of Spectral Processing Spectral Subtraction Subtraction Artifacts Baseline Correction Smoothing Spectral Derivatives Deconvolution Guidance, Precautions, and Limitations Spectral Library Searching The Search Process Interpreting Library Search Results Analysis of Mixtures: Subtract and Search Again Preparing Samples Properly Transmission Sampling Overview Windows, Cells, and Materials for Transmission Analysis Transmission Analysis of Solids and Powders KBr Pellets Mulls Transmission Analysis of Polymers The Cast Film Method The Heat and Pressure Method Transmission Analysis of Liquids Capillary Thin Films Sealed Liquid Cells Transmission Analysis of Gases and Vapors Reflectance Analysis Different Types of Reflectance Advantages and Disadvantages of Reflectance Sampling Specular Reflectance Diffuse Reflectance (DRIFTS) Abrasive Sampling Attenuated Total Reflectance (ATR) Depth of Penetration Applications of ATR Liquids Semi-Solids Polymers Powders ATR: Advantages and Disadvantages FTIR Sample Preparation: Overview and Recommendations Quantitative Infrared Spectroscopy Terms and Definitions Beer's Law Calibration and Prediction with Beer's Law Calibration Prediction An Experimental Protocol for Single Component Analyses Measuring Absorbances Properly Peak Areas versus Peak Heights Dealing with Overlapped Peaks Avoiding Experimental Errors Infrared Microscopy Hyphenated Infrared Techniques Infrared Microscopy Instrumentation Sample Preparation Applications Infrared Mapping and Imaging Glossary Index | When a stroke volume of arterial blood arrives to the brain, the total blood volume in the bony cranium must remain constant as the proportions of arterial and venous blood vary, and by the end of the cardiac cycle an equivalent volume of venous blood must have been ejected. I hypothesize the brain to support this process by an extraluminally mediated exchange of information between its arterial and venous circulations. To test this I introduce wavelet angiography methods to resolve single moving vascular pulse waves (PWs) in the brain while simultaneously measuring brain pulse motion. The wavelet methods require angiographic data acquired at significantly faster rate than cardiac frequency. I obtained these data in humans from brain surface optical angiograms at craniotomy and in piglets from ultrasound angiograms via cranial window. I exploit angiographic time of flight to resolve arterial from venous circulation. Initial wavelet reconstruction proved unsatisfactory because of angiographic motion alias from brain pulse motion. Testing with numerically simulated cerebral angiograms enabled the development of a vascular PW cine imaging method based on cross-correlated wavelets of mixed high frequency and high temporal resolution respectively to attenuate frequency and motion alias. Applied to the human and piglet data, the method resolves individual arterial and venous PWs and finds them to be phase locked each with separate phase relations to brain pulse motion. This is consistent with arterial and venous PW coordination mediated by pulse motion and points to a testable hypothesis of a function of cerebrospinal fluid in the ventricles of the brain. | Distillation at an infinite reflux ratio in combination with an infinite number of trays has been investigated. | eng_Latn | 3,082 |
The heavy noise content in many exercise electrocardiograms has hindered the development of diagnostic analysis techniques. Many of the computational methods require a reliable and minimumly variable time reference within each ECG cycle. For example, such a trigger signal is a prerequisite to average transient computing, and can also relieve a digital computer of the timeconsuming task of digital filtering in the initial pattern recognition of R-waves. | An instrument for the continuous measurement of pre-ejection period (PEP) in the human fetus using Doppler ultrasound is presented. An important feature of the instrument is its ability to track the continuously changing location of the reflections. The design includes a recently developed nonlinear filtering technique that is quite insensitive both to the large amounts of noise of biologic origin and the random dynamic amplitude variations. The efficiency of the scheme is illustrated by simulated and clinical tests. | It is shown that the usual method of establishing Cramer's estimate also works for Levy processes. | eng_Latn | 3,083 |
ECG signal is a biological non-stationary signal which contains valuable information about rhythms of heart. Amplitude and duration of ECG signal can be buried by various types of noise, especially, power line interference, which sometimes leads to misdiagnosis. This paper presents a ECG signal denoising based on the wavelet packet transform and two adaptive filters, such as, normalized least-mean-square (NLMS) and recursive-least-square (RLS), and the results are compared with a conventional notch filter both in time and frequency domain. The results are evaluated by examining power spectral density (PSD), spectrogram and magnitude squared coherence (MSC) analyses. SNR, %PRD, MSE and ESD performance parameter are also estimated. The simulation is done by using Signal Processing Toolbox built in MATLAB® and, the simulation result shows that wavelet packet transform is an excellent method for denoising the ECG signal. | Electrocardiogram (ECG) is a non-stationary biological signal. It detects the cardiac abnormalities by measuring the electrical activity generated in the heart. But ECG is very much sensitive. Its amplitude and duration can be corrupted by various types of noise, especially, power line interference, which sometimes leads to misdiagnosis. In this study different wavelet families identification and performance estimation is done for denoising ECG signal and the results are compared with adaptive NLMS and notch filter in both time and frequency domain. For evaluating the performance magnitude squared coherence (MSC), amplitude spectrum, power spectral density (PSD) and spectrogram are analyzed. SNR, %PRD, MSE, NMSE, RMSE, NRMSE and ESD performance parameter are also examined. Simulation is based on Signal Processing Toolbox built in MATLAB®. The simulation result represent that wavelet transform is an excellent technique for denoising ECG signal. | Electrocardiogram (ECG) is a non-stationary biological signal. It detects the cardiac abnormalities by measuring the electrical activity generated in the heart. But ECG is very much sensitive. Its amplitude and duration can be corrupted by various types of noise, especially, power line interference, which sometimes leads to misdiagnosis. In this study different wavelet families identification and performance estimation is done for denoising ECG signal and the results are compared with adaptive NLMS and notch filter in both time and frequency domain. For evaluating the performance magnitude squared coherence (MSC), amplitude spectrum, power spectral density (PSD) and spectrogram are analyzed. SNR, %PRD, MSE, NMSE, RMSE, NRMSE and ESD performance parameter are also examined. Simulation is based on Signal Processing Toolbox built in MATLAB®. The simulation result represent that wavelet transform is an excellent technique for denoising ECG signal. | eng_Latn | 3,084 |
We present a new method for the measurement of the absolute distance of a remote target based on the laser diode self-mixing interferometry technique, which is assisted by an electronic feedback loop that is capable of improving the measurement accuracy. The feedback loop supplies a periodic change of the emitted wavelength that exactly corresponds to a single interferometric fringe. This allows the measurement of the target distance with higher accuracy, which, in principle, is limited only by the detection shot noise and not by the fringe quantization error that is typical for the conventional fringe-counting approaches. We developed a prototype that is capable of measuring the target distance with 0.3-mm accuracy in the 0.2- to 3-m range. | Several studies demonstrated that the human chest wall is made of at least two but perhaps more independent mechanical components, and that their relative contribution to the total chest wall mechanics is significantly affected by several respiratory disorders, supporting the possible clinical usefulness of this information. Unfortunately, the determination of local chest wall mechanics requires the accurate assessment of local chest wall displacement, which, up to now, can only be obtained by complex, expensive, and bulky equipment. In this paper, we present a new approach based on a custom-made low-cost self-mixing laser interferometer able to directly measure vibrations on human skin with very high accuracy and temporal resolution. A novel signal processing algorithm has also been developed to estimate the motion of the subject's skin also in the presence of signal fading. The system has been validated both in vitro and in vivo on seven healthy volunteers. The results showed good accuracy and very low signal noise compared with available techniques. We conclude that this approach, considering its advantages, might allow the development of new diagnostic tools for the clinical evaluation of respiratory diseases. | Berzelius failed to make use of Faraday's electrochemical laws in his laborious determination of equivalent weights. | eng_Latn | 3,085 |
A general probabilistic model of the measurement process is discussed, showing how it can address both static and dynamic measurements. Emphasis is placed on the latter and two main kinds of dynamic measurements are considered: direct, where the goal is to monitor a phenomenon over time, and indirect, where an alternative representation is sought, such as, typically, the spectrum. It is shown that both cases can be treated in the same framework, through a proper interpretation of the variables involved. Guidelines for the application of this approach are also provided. | Preface. Preface to Volume 2. Contents of Volume 2. List of Main Notation. Basic Concepts. Elements of Probability Theory. Stationary Random Processes. Spectral Analysis. Estimation in the Time Domain. Estimation in the Frequency Domain. Spectral Analysis in Practice. Analysis of Processes with Mixed Spectra. | Berzelius failed to make use of Faraday's electrochemical laws in his laborious determination of equivalent weights. | eng_Latn | 3,086 |
This paper presents an evaluation of bioelectrical signals to use as a biometric for human recognition. Research shows that the impulses of cardiac rhythm, electrical activity of the brain recorded in Electrocardiogram (ECG) and Electroencephalogram (EEG) signals have unique features among individuals. The other bioelectrical signals such as Galvanic skin response (GSR), Electromyogram (EMG), Electrooculography (EOG) and Mechanomyogram (MMG) also process discriminaly information among individuals, so can be used as biometrics. The favorable characteristics to use these signals as biometrics include universality, measurability, uniqueness and robustness. In addition, they have the inherent feature of vitality that signify the life signs. Bioelectrical signals are highly confidential and secured to an individual. The issues involve using bioelectrical signals as biometrics are the variability of the signal, lack of standardization of signal features and the low energy. However, individuality of the bioelectrical signals is another issue that remains to be addressed. | A patient with heart disease need care and monitor intensively. In the monitoring of the heart, there are several parameters including the electrocardiograph (ECG) which to record the electrical activity of the heart, phonocardiograph (PCG) which to record heart sound, and carotid pulse (CP) which to record carotid arterial blood pressure. The purpose of this study is to design ECG, PCG, and CP on a computer with Delphi programming and analysis the relationship among those signal. The primary circuit of the cardiac monitor consists of the instrumentation amplifier, inverting amplifier, high pass filter, low pass filter, notch filter, non-inverting amplifier, summing amplifier, and Arduino microcontroller. This study involved fifteen healthy respondents. The design of a cardiac monitor was calibrated using the conventional apparatus. After the calculation, the statistics showed that the average error of BPM is 2.42718%. Carotid pulse showed that the correlation between the pattern of the dicrotic notch (the D wave) in the carotid pulse and second heart sound (S2) was occurred simultaneously or just before the D wave pulse from the carotid pulse. We found that the average of the interval between S2 and Dicrotic Notch was ± 0.036 s. | In this research, systems to operate a mobile robot by using electrooculographic (EOG) and electromyographic (EMG) signals are developed. Suitable control command signals for the mobile robot are generated by processing EOG and EMG signals appropriately. By reducing the number of electrodes, a simplified operation system for mobile robot is also constructed. The effectiveness of the proposed operation systems is verified by experiment. | eng_Latn | 3,087 |
BackgroundThe aim of this study was to evaluate the visual acuity of adult zebrafish by assessing the optokinetic reflex. Using a modified commercially available optomotor device (OptoMotry®), virtual three-dimensional gratings of variable spatial frequency or contrast were presented to adult zebrafish. In a first experiment, visual acuity was evaluated by changing the spatial frequency at different angular velocities. Thereafter, contrast sensitivity was evaluated by changing the contrast level at different spatial frequencies.ResultsAt the different tested angular velocities (10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 d/s) and a contrast of 100%, visual acuity values ranged from 0.56 to 0.58 c/d. Contrast sensitivity measured at different spatial frequencies (0.011, 0.025, 0.5, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5 and 0.55 c/d) with an angular velocity of 10 d/s and 25 d/s revealed an inverted U-shaped contrast sensitivity curve. The highest mean contrast sensitivity (±SD) values of 20.49 ± 4.13 and 25.24 ± 8.89 were found for a spatial frequency of 0.05 c/d (angular velocity 10 d/s) and 0.1 c/d (angular velocity 25 d/s), respectively.ConclusionsVisual acuity and contrast sensitivity measurements in adult zebrafish with the OptoMotry® device are feasible and reveal a remarkably higher VA compared to larval zebrafish and mice. | Zebrafish are a proven model for vision research, however many of the earlier methods generally focused on larval fish or demonstrated a simple response. More recently adult visual behavior in zebrafish has become of interest, but methods to measure specific responses are new coming. To address this gap, we set out to develop a methodology to repeatedly and accurately utilize the optokinetic response (OKR) to measure visual acuity in adult zebrafish. Here we show that the adult zebrafish's visual acuity can be measured, including both binocular and monocular acuities. Because the fish is not harmed during the procedure, the visual acuity can be measured and compared over short or long periods of time. The visual acuity measurements described here can also be done quickly allowing for high throughput and for additional visual procedures if desired. This type of analysis is conducive to drug intervention studies or investigations of disease progression. | In this paper, a CEA (carcinoembryonic antigen) concentration measurement system using flexural plate wave (FPW) biosensors and a frequency-shift readout IC is presented. The proposed frequency-shift readout method employs a programmable frequency generator and a peak detecting scheme to estimate the resonant frequency. The programmable frequency generator provides a frequency scanning range from 0.9 ㎒ to 25 ㎒ according to the characteristics of the FPW biosensors. Particularly, the proposed frequency-shift readout circuit filters and amplifies the FPW biosensors signals such that the requirements for the following voltage peak detector can be relaxed. Therefore, the sensitivity and performance of the CEA sensing system are also enhanced. The sensitivity of the peak detector is 5 ㎷ at the highest signal rate, 50 ㎒. The proposed frequency-shift readout circuit is implemented using a typical 0.18 ㎛ CMOS technology. The power consumption of the proposed CEA concentration measurement system is 7.69 ㎽ justified by HSPICE simulations. | eng_Latn | 3,088 |
Breathing causes fluctuations in blood pressure and contributes to variations in blood pressure estimates. In order to reduce the variability in the blood pressure estimates induced by breathing, either the breathing signal should be removed from the oscillometric blood pressure signal, or its effects should be suppressed. This paper presents a hybrid method that combines homomorphic and adaptive signal processing techniques to extract the breathing signal from the oscillometric signal with or without a simultaneously recorded electrocardiogram (ECG). The quality of the extracted breathing signal and the depth of breathing are assessed using the reference breathing signals. The breathing signals extracted using the accompanying ECG signal were found to be superior in quality compared to the ones extracted from the oscillometric waveform. The blood pressure estimates were evaluated before and after the breathing suppression techniques were implemented. As a result of the breathing suppression, the fluctuation of the systolic and diastolic blood pressure estimates obtained from a database of 85 healthy subjects is reduced. | We present a novel approach to improve the estimation of systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) from oscillometric waveform data using variable characteristic ratios between SBP and DBP with mean arterial pressure (MAP). This was verified in 25 healthy subjects, aged 28 ± 5 years. The multiple linear regression (MLR) and support vector regression (SVR) models were used to examine the relationship between the SBP and the DBP ratio with ten features extracted from the oscillometric waveform envelope (OWE). An automatic algorithm based on relative changes in the cuff pressure and neighbouring oscillometric pulses was proposed to remove outlier points caused by movement artifacts. Substantial reduction in the mean and standard deviation of the blood pressure estimation errors were obtained upon artifact removal. Using the sequential forward floating selection (SFFS) approach, we were able to achieve a significant reduction in the mean and standard deviation of differences between the estimated SBP values and the reference scoring (MLR: mean ± SD = −0.3 ± 5.8 mmHg; SVR and −0.6 ± 5.4 mmHg) with only two features, i.e., Ratio2 and Area3, as compared to the conventional maximum amplitude algorithm (MAA) method (mean ± SD = −1.6 ± 8.6 mmHg). Comparing the performance of both MLR and SVR models, our results showed that the MLR model was able to achieve comparable performance to that of the SVR model despite its simplicity. | We prove that groups acting geometrically on delta-quasiconvex spaces contain no essential Baumslag-Solitar quotients as subgroups. This implies that they are translation discrete, meaning that the translation numbers of their nontorsion elements are bounded away from zero. | eng_Latn | 3,089 |
Global Summary: Review of Eddy Phenomena as Expressed in Temperature Measurements | The purpose of this chapter is to compare and contrast observations of eddy phenomena, as expressed primarily in temperature sections, from various oceanic regions. Some of the material will be drawn from the preceding regional chapters, while other pertinent presentations will be added. An effort will be made to distinguish some of the more subtle differences in regional eddy behaviour in addition to a description of the more obvious similarities. The acute non-uniformity in the coverage of data, with adequate resolution, will often be mentioned and will be frequently invoked in qualifying any of the conclusions drawn. Most discussions will be concerned with the Northern and Equatorial Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. | A computer-assisted analysis of motor activity was carried out using ultrasound waves, that are not invasive and free from any kind of interference, because of their specific characteristics. We worked out the Doppler's effect which determines a frequency variation on the reflected wave from any body in motion. That variation is linked to the velocity of the moving body and the superimposition of the emitted wave with those reflected, results in beats, which have a frequency proportional to the motor activity velocity. Our research group planned and carried out an electronic quantification apparatus that can be interfaced with a personal computer system by means of an Analog to Digital acquisition card. The performed test on the apparatus confirmed that the theory that the number of antinodes detected was proportional to the space covered by the moving body. The equipment was also tested on several types of animals. | kor_Hang | 3,090 |
TCT-194 Current Indications And Outcomes Of Intra-Aortic Balloon Pump (IABP) Counterpulsation And Veno-arterial Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (VA-ECMO): The Liverpool Hospital Experience | IABP is a widely used circulatory support device. The IABP-SHOCK II trial (2012) showed that IABP did not improve 30-day mortality. US and European guidelines have subsequently revised their recommendations for IABP from class I to IIa and IIb, respectively. Despite limited evidence, peripheral VA- | This paper presents a new evaporative system monitoring method using a virtual HC sensor for an automotive on-board diagnosis. A development was made at providing mathematical expressions from the lambda control information to estimate the HC mass 리ow purged into the intake manifold from the canister for implementing a virtual HC sensor. The change or the lambda averagevalue reflected the influence or the additional fuel from purging results the sensor estimation of the purged HC amount. Based on this virtual HC sensor, a new evaporative system monitoring method was proposed comparing the amount of purged HC amount with the amount or the HC gas evaporated from the fuel tank and absorbed into the canister. Finally, the method was validated with a simulation using the data logged from the retail car. | eng_Latn | 3,091 |
PERFORMANCE MEASUREMENT - A means of evaluating efficiency, effectiveness, and results. | Performance measurement can be defined as any means in which efficiency, effectiveness and outcomes are evaluated. | Performance measurements are ways of evaluating fixed and variable costs. | eng_Latn | 3,092 |
It is intended to be a useful aid for criminal investigators by discussing the various tools and other resources available for assisting investigations involving electronic evidence. | Where electonic evidence is involved, it's necessary to have tools to help criminal investigators. | It is not a very useful aid where investigations that include electronic evidence investigation are involved. | eng_Latn | 3,093 |
What is the quantitative of observation? | An observation that is quantitative? | What are considered a qualitative observation? | eng_Latn | 3,094 |
A method for determining the state of charge of a secondary battery intercalation a wiedereaufladbaren | It is proposed a method for determining the state of charge of a secondary intercalation cell having an anode, a cathode, a separator and an anode, the cathode and the separator by soaking electrolyte phase, wherein the charge state calculated back based on on the intercalation of measured measurement values by means of an electrochemical simulation model becomes. The underlying simulation model physico-chemical properties in the anode and the cathode are each simply called homogeneous in the anode and cathode in the considered distributed and Butler-Volmer kinetics will be calculated in each case for the anode and for the cathode. According to the invention it is provided that the Butler-Volmer kinetics anode side to a potential portion (Φ | The investigation of cardiac dysrhythmias has become increasingly more complex, time consuming, and expensive.’ A complex case requires 5 to 8 hours of physician time. Although automated computer technologies have been applied to dysrhythmia recognition by surface ECG and postcase measurement of electrophysiology data,2 they have not, to our knowledge, been used to perform stimulation protocols or measure stimulated intracardiac intervals automatically during electrophysiologic testing on line. It is the purpose of this article to report the development of a stimulation/measurement system and programs, which automatically measure intracardiac intervals during electrophysiologic study, and to compare these measurements to those obtained in the usual manner. | eng_Latn | 3,095 |
Systolic blood pressure is a measurement of? | Defune systolic and diastolic blood pressure? | Defune systolic and diastolic blood pressure? | eng_Latn | 3,096 |
What is alt test? | What is an ALT test medically? | What is an ALT test medically? | eng_Latn | 3,097 |
What is a sphygmomanometer used to measure? | Sphygmomanometer Sphygmomanometer Sphygmomanometer Definition A sphygmomanometer is a device that measures blood pressure. It is composes of an inflatable rubber cuff, which is wrapped around the arm. A measuring device indicates the cuff's pressure. A bulb inflates the cuff and a valve releases pressure. A stethoscope is used to listen to arterial blood flow sounds. As the heart beats, blood forced through the arteries cause a rise in pressure, called systolic pressure, followed by a decrease in pressure as the heart's ventricles prepare for another beat. This low pressure is called the diastolic pressure. The sphygmomanometer cuff is inflated to well above expected systolic pressure. As the valve is opened, cuff pressure (slowly) decreases. When the cuff's pressure equals the arterial systolic pressure, blood begins to flow past the cuff, creating blood flow turbulence and audible sounds. Using a stethoscope, these sounds are heard and the cuff's pressure is recorded. The blood flow sounds will continue until the cuff's pressure falls below the arterial diastolic pressure. The pressure when the blood flow sounds stop indicates the diastolic pressure. Systolic and diastolic pressures are commonly stated as systolic 'over' diastolic. For example, 120 over 80. Blood flow sounds are called Korotkoff sounds. Types There are three types of sphygmomanometers. Digital sphygmomanometers are automated, providing blood pressure reading without needing someone to operate the cuff or listen to the blood flow sounds. However digital types are less accurate. Some healthcare providers use digital for screening but use manual sphygmomanometers to validate readings in some situations. Manual sphygmomanometers consist of aneroid (dial) and mercury (column) devices. Operating these aneroid and mercury devices is nearly the same, expect that aneroid devices require periodic calibration. How To Use a Sphygmomanometer Procedures To begin blood pressure measurement, use a properly sized blood pressure cuff. The length of the cuff's bladder should be at least equal to 80% of the circumference of the upper arm. Wrap the cuff around the upper arm with the cuff's lower edge one inch above the antecubital fossa. Lightly press the stethoscope's bell over the brachial artery just below the cuff's edge. Some health care workers have difficulty using the bell in the antecubital fossa, so we suggest using the bell or the diaphragm to measure the blood pressure. Rapidly inflate the cuff to 180mmHg. Release air from the cuff at a moderate rate (3mm/sec). Listen with the stethoscope and simultaneously observe the dial or mercury gauge. The first knocking sound (Korotkoff) is the subject's systolic pressure. When the knocking sound disappears, that is the diastolic pressure (such as 120/80). Record the pressure in both arms and note the difference; also record the subject's position (supine), which arm was used, and the cuff size (small, standard or large adult cuff). If the subject's pressure is elevated, measure blood pressure two additional times, waiting a few minutes between measurements. A BLOOD PRESSURE OF 180/120mmHg OR MORE REQUIRES IMMEDIATE ATTENTION! Precautions Aneroid and digital manometers may require periodic calibration. Use a larger cuff on obese or heavily muscled subjects. Use a smaller cuff for pediatric patients. For pediatric patients a lower blood pressure may indicate the presence of hypertension. Don't place the cuff over clothing. Flex and support the subject's arm. In some patients the Korotkoff sounds disappear as the systolic pressure is bled down. After an interval, the Korotkoff sounds reappear. This interval is referred to as the "auscultatory gap." This pathophysiologic occurrence can lead to a marked under-estimation of systolic pressure if the cuff pressure is not elevated enough. It is for this reason that the rapid inflation of the blood pressure cuff to 180mmHg was recommended above. The "auscultatory gap" is felt to be associated with carotid atherosclerosis and a decrease in arterial compl | Kath - Postcards From the Past - Other Seaside Places Kath - Postcards from the Past - Mablethorpe, Skegness, Sutton-on-Sea and Ingoldmells Here are my postcards of Mablethorpe, Skegness,Sutton-on-Sea and Ingoldmells which together with Cleethorpes (see Cleethorpes separate pages) make up the major seaside resorts of Lincolnshire. These are typical British seaside resorts with all the usual expected amenities. Ingoldmells is a small coastal village and holiday resort three miles to the north of Skegness and is the home to the original Butlin's Holiday Camp built in 1936 which s still very popular today. Mablethorpe is located between Cleethorpes and Skegness and boasts all the usual attractions. It is home to the popular Golden Sands Holiday Park and there is a seal sanctuary situated at North End which has rescued hundreds of seals over the years. Skegness is popular with holiday makers and day-trippers from the Midlands, it was once a small port but from 1877 it was developed into a holiday resort. In 1908 it acquired it's famous "Jolly Fisherman" mascot taken from a Railway travel poster entitled "Skegness is so Bracing". Sutton-on-Sea, a few miles south of Mablethorpe, is one of the smaller seaside resorts being described as a "charming and tranquil village", it has golden sands, the usual attractions and golf can be played at nearby Sandilands. Click on the link for a larger image. | eng_Latn | 3,098 |
What do you call a device that reads blood pressure? | A device used to test blood pressure? | A device used to test blood pressure? | eng_Latn | 3,099 |
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