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where are the tire pressure sensors? | Tire Pressure Monitoring System sensors (TPMS sensors) are fitted in place on the inner surface of your wheel, inside your tire. Attached to that sensor is a valve... by Michael Grayen | A tire-pressure monitoring system (TPMS) is an electronic system designed to monitor the air pressure inside the pneumatic tires on various types of vehicles. TPMS report real-time tire-pressure information to the driver of the vehicle, either via a gauge, a pictogram display, or a simple low-pressure warning light. | eng_Latn | 3,400 |
what is sensor | In the broadest definition, a sensor is an object whose purpose is to detect events or changes in its environment, and then provide a corresponding output. A sensor is a type of transducer; sensors may provide various types of output, but typically use electrical or optical signals. For example, a thermocouple generates a known voltage (the output) in response to its temperature (the environment). | - Sensor data is the output of a device that detects and responds to some type of input from the physical environment. The output may be used to provide information or input to another system or to g... | eng_Latn | 3,401 |
what is an accuplacer | Student. ACCUPLACER® is a suite of computerized tests that determines your knowledge in math, reading and writing as you prepare to enroll in college-level courses. | What is an accelerometer? An accelerometer is an electromechanical device that will measure acceleration forces. These forces may be static, like the constant force of gravity pulling at your feet, or they could be dynamic - caused by moving or vibrating the accelerometer. What are accelerometers useful for? | eng_Latn | 3,402 |
what is the use of a refractometer | Also found in: Dictionary, Thesaurus, Encyclopedia, Wikipedia. refractometer. 1. an instrument for measuring the refractive power of the eye. 2. an instrument for determining the indexes of refraction of various substances, particularly for determining the strength of lenses for spectacles. | An arrangement of lenses, mirrors, or both that collects visible light, allowing direct observation or photographic recording of distant objects. A refracting telescope uses lenses to focus light to produce a magnified image. | eng_Latn | 3,403 |
what does an oxygen sensor do on a car | Every new car, and most cars produced after 1980, have an oxygen sensor. The sensor is part of the emissions control system and feeds data to the engine management computer. The goal of the sensor is to help the engine run as efficiently as possible and also to produce as few emissions as possible. | For regular gasoline vehicle oxygen sensors are used to calculate the best fuel to air ratio possible. It gives fuel economy, responsiveness, power and much less pollution. But newer diesel vehicles also have that sensor. This is used to calculate precisely how much exhaust recirculation (EGR) engine needs at low power so there's minimum amount of NOx/ emission (result of too much fresh air in cylinders) and it also lowers temperatures in cylinders for better economy. Written Sep 7, 2015. | eng_Latn | 3,404 |
why test wavelength accuracy for spectrophotometer | NIST Traceable reference standards for verifying the wavelength accuracy of a UV/VIS spectrophotometer. All standards are stringently prepared according to NIST guidelines.NSG's solid-state standards never need to be replaced due to material aging and come with a unique lifetime warranty.IST Traceable reference standards for verifying the wavelength accuracy of a UV/VIS spectrophotometer. All standards are stringently prepared according to NIST guidelines. NSG's solid-state standards never need to be replaced due to material aging and come with a unique lifetime warranty. | Spectroscopy and spectrography are terms used to refer to the measurement of radiation intensity as a function of wavelength and are often used to describe experimental spectroscopic methods.Spectral measurement devices are referred to as spectrometers, spectrophotometers, spectrographs or spectral analyzers.pectroscopy and spectrography are terms used to refer to the measurement of radiation intensity as a function of wavelength and are often used to describe experimental spectroscopic methods. | eng_Latn | 3,405 |
what is power on self test | Part of the Computing fundamentals glossary: When power is turned on, POST (Power-On Self-Test) is the diagnostic testing sequence that a computer's basic input/output system (or starting program) runs to determine if the computer keyboard, random access memory, disk drives, and other hardware are working correctly. | CoaguChek® - coagulation self-testing. CoaguChek®. INRange system. CoaguChek® INRange is the new connected self-testing meter that gives you the freedom to test your PT/INR at home, on the go, or wherever you happen to be. Measuring your own PT/INR values can help improve your quality of life | eng_Latn | 3,406 |
what is the primary function of a magneto timing light | The Aircraft Magneto Timing Light Model E50 is the industry standard. Designed specifically for the internal timing and synchronization of aircraft magnetos, the E50 safely absorbs the current from the magneto's impulse coupling -- so there is no danger of engine firing while adjustments are being made. The E50 timing light takes all the guess work out of the magneto timing process. And it's quick and easy to use: simply attach the three clips to the magnetos and adjust them until the E50's two blinking lights are synchronized and the buzzer changes in pitch. That's all there is to it. Perfect timing. | Intro. An oscilloscope's primary function is to provide a graph of a signal's voltage over time. This is useful for measuring such things as clock frequencies, duty cycles of pulse-width-modulated signals, propagation delay, or signal rise and fall times. | eng_Latn | 3,407 |
what is a borescope | A borescope (occasionally called a boroscope, though this spelling is non-standard) is an optical device consisting of a rigid or flexible tube with an eyepiece on one end, an objective lens on the other linked together by a relay optical system in between.igid borescopes are similar to fiberscopes but generally provide a superior image at lower cost compared to a flexible borescope. Rigid borescopes have the limitation that access to what is to be viewed must be in a straight line. | A dial or vernier bore gauge measures a bore directly. The gauge has three symmetrical anvils that protrude from the gauge body that are connected to the dial or micrometer mechanism. As the knob is rotated it moves the anvils in or out with respect to the measurements. | eng_Latn | 3,408 |
what is dynamometer | A dynamometer or dyno for short, is a device for measuring force, torque, or power. For example, the power produced by an engine, motor or other rotating prime mover can be calculated by simultaneously measuring torque and rotational speed. In addition to being used to determine the torque or power characteristics of a machine under test, dynamometers are employed in a number of other roles. In standard emissions testing cycles such as those defined by the United States Environmental Protectio | Force Instruments To Measure Forces is described in multiple online sources, as addition to our editors' articles, see section below for printable documents, Force Instruments To Measure Forces books and related discussion. dynamometer is an instrument used to measure force or power, especially muscular effort. healthandsafetycentre.org. A NEW INSTRUMENT FOR RECORDING ORAL MUSCLE FORCES. the other instruments do not meet the criteria set forth in this paper. | eng_Latn | 3,409 |
what is pendulum dowsing | Pendulum dowsing has also been called divining for its ability to provide information and predict the future. The term pendulum dowsing is often used to refer to the search for specific targets, while the term pendulum divining is most often used in reference to seeking precise information.The Diamond Pendulum can be used in the dowsing and divining quest for objects or information of any kind.he term pendulum dowsing is often used to refer to the search for specific targets, while the term pendulum divining is most often used in reference to seeking precise information. | A pendulum clock is a clock that uses a pendulum, a swinging weight, as its timekeeping element.The advantage of a pendulum for timekeeping is that it is a harmonic oscillator; it swings back and forth in a precise time interval dependent on its length, and resists swinging at other rates. pendulum clock is a clock that uses a pendulum, a swinging weight, as its timekeeping element. | eng_Latn | 3,410 |
what is oscillator | An electronic oscillator is an electronic circuit that produces a periodic, oscillating electronic signal, often a sine wave or a square wave. Oscillators convert direct current (DC) from a power supply to an alternating current (AC) signal. They are widely used in many electronic devices. | Oscillator definition. An oscillator is an HFOV.2. An oscillator is a medical unit used in the hospital whenever the standard ventilator isn't working, and/or the in-patient's lung area are to fragile to tollerate orifice, and closing. | eng_Latn | 3,411 |
I want to know if it measures heart rate when it comes out of the box, or are other accsorries needed?? | It's a great unit. It measures your HR thru a chest strap which works perfect. I've never had any issues with it. Yes, It can measure your HR out of the box but to get an accurate calorie count and max HR you need to perform a test which is really simple and it gives you the instructions on what to do. The calorie and HR count are accurate. Great buy. :) | Hi The Real One, if the unit is purchased brand new, supplied accessories should be:AC adaptor (AC-L200)Rechargable Battery Pack (NP-FH60)Remote Commander (RMT-835)Component A/V CableA/V Connecting CableLithium Battery (CR2025)Application Software / USB Driver / (CD-ROM)USB CableHowever, if the unit is use or refurbished, there accessories included will not be the same as the new one. Best practice is to contact the re-seller for verifying what are the included accessories. -Ely | eng_Latn | 3,412 |
What data is collected using the monitor? I already have a great heartrate monitor but doesn't work with phones. Anything useful other than bpm? | It lets me know what bpm after I have finished walking.I just bought another phone and I didn't realize it checks your heart rate, so I haven't been using it lately. I hope this answers your question. | Yes, it gives RPM, coolant temp, and lots of other stuff. It told me the number one cylinder was misfiring and it turned out to be a bad fuel injector. You can check those with a long screwdriver, place the blade on the side of the injector and put your ear to the handle. You will hear a click, click sound if it is good. You check several injectors to get familiar with the clicking sound. If your car has individual coils on each plug you can also swap coils to determine if the BB 600 shows trouble on a different cylinder. Don't forget to warm up the engine to get a temp. reading. | eng_Latn | 3,413 |
What is a chronograph/chronometer watch? | What is a chronograph watch? What function does it have? | In every Apple advert, the time on the iPhone screen is 9.41. Why? | eng_Latn | 3,414 |
what is af mode on camera | Autofocus (AF) Mode. Autofocus (AF) is the function of a camera that automatically focuses on a subject. Most general digital cameras have this function. There are various AF methods, and the available methods are different depending on the model of your camera. | (AI Focus evaluates subject movement, automatically sets either one-shot AF or AI Servo AF automatically.) Drive mode is set to Single Shot, ISO is set to Auto, and the metering mode is set to Evaluative. | eng_Latn | 3,415 |
what is pulse code modulation | Definition - What does Pulse Code Modulation (PCM) mean? Pulse code modulation (PCM) is a digital representation of an analog signal that takes samples of the amplitude of the analog signal at regular intervals. The sampled analog data is changed to, and then represented by, binary data. PCM requires a very accurate clock. | Pulse-width modulation Pulse-width modulation (PWM) is a common method of controlling computer fans. A PWM-capable fan is usually connected to a 4-pin connector (pinout: Ground, +12 V, sense, control). | eng_Latn | 3,416 |
can apple watch check temperature | Apple Watch, its power adapter, and Apple Watch Magnetic Charging Cable follow applicable surface-temperature standards and limits. Even within these limits, sustained contact with warm surfaces for long periods of time might cause discomfort or injury. | How Apple Watch measures your heart rate. The heart rate sensor in Apple Watch uses what is known as photoplethysmography. This technology, while difficult to pronounce, is based on a very simple fact: Blood is red because it reflects red light and absorbs green light. | eng_Latn | 3,417 |
what is distorted | The adjective DISTORTED has 3 senses: 1. strained or wrenched out of normal shape. 2. so badly formed or out of shape as to be ugly. 3. having an intended meaning altered or misrepresented. Familiarity information: DISTORTED used as an adjective is uncommon. | Confidence votes 13. A distortion analyzer is an electronic test instrument that measures the accuracy of an electronic circuit at reproducing a wave. For instance, an audio amplifier might have a sine wave input to it, and the distortion analyzer measures how close the output is to a sine wave.If the output is clipped, the wave will be distorted, and the analyzer will measure the amount of harmonics present.mplifiers will frequently have a Total Harmonic Distortion plus Noise specification which is an accurate term for the quantity measured by a distortion analyzer. There are many manufacturers of distortion analyzers. The Hewlett-Packard models 331a and 333 are laboratory standard instruments. | eng_Latn | 3,418 |
what does iso sensor mean | Quick Answer. ISO on a camera stands for International Standards Organization, which is the governing body that sets sensitivity standards for sensors in digital cameras. ISO settings determine how sensitive the cameraâs sensor is to light, while taking various types of photos. Continue Reading | Quick Answer. ISO on a camera stands for International Standards Organization, which is the governing body that sets sensitivity standards for sensors in digital cameras. ISO settings determine how sensitive the cameraâs sensor is to light, while taking various types of photos. Continue Reading. | eng_Latn | 3,419 |
print speed is typically measured in ____ | Stands for Pages Per Minute.. PPM is used to measure the printing speed of both inkjet and laser printers. Most printers include a PPM rating for both black and color documents. These speed measurements are typically listed in the printer's technical specifications.his is because manufacturers measure the maximum PPM in the fastest printing mode, a.k.a. economy mode, which is also the lowest quality. When printing in regular mode, the speed may be twice as slow. When printing in fine or high-quality mode, the speed will likely be reduced even further. | Rotational speed and angular speed are sometimes used as synonyms, but typically they are measured with a different unit. Angular speed, however, tells the change in angle per time unit, which is measured in radians per second in the SI system. | eng_Latn | 3,420 |
Paired t-test for repeated measurements, but with 2 missing samples. | t-test for partially paired and partially unpaired data | Programmatically, how does "rooting" a device enable access? | eng_Latn | 3,421 |
what do "user","system", and "elapsed" times mean in R | What are 'user' and 'system' times measuring in R system.time(exp) output? | What are 'user' and 'system' times measuring in R system.time(exp) output? | eng_Latn | 3,422 |
what instrument do you measure angles | Angle-measuring instruments may be classified into four types according to the measuring method used. The first group includes devices that compare the angle to be measured against a fixed gage, such as an angle gage (for angles 1â to 180°), try square (usually for a 90° angle), tapered plug gage, or template. | The measure of an angle is the measure of the space between the rays. It is the direction of the rays relative to one another that determine the measure of an angle. In trigonometry, angles are often defined in terms of rotation. Consider one ray, and then let it rotate a fixed distance about its endpoint. | eng_Latn | 3,423 |
what does the acronym bps stand for | 48 meanings of BPS acronym and BPS abbreviation. Get the Medical definition of BPS by All Acronyms dictionary. Top Definition: Bits Per Second In Medical dictionary category. | Confidence votes 27.9K. BPS is an acronym or abbreviation for Bits Per Second and is a measure of data transmission rate, or the amount of Bits (ones or zero's) transmitted in 1 second.This is normally used to indicate the transmission speed of network traffic or wireless network traffic.Ps means Basis Points. A Basis Point is equal to 1/100th of 1%, so 50 Basis Points means 0.5%. | eng_Latn | 3,424 |
how to know the amount of cpu utilized by each process | 1 System time is the amount of time the CPU was busy executing code in kernel space. 2 If this value is reported for a thread or process, then it represents the amount of time the kernel was doing work on behalf of the executing context, for example, after a thread issued a system call. Idle time (for the whole system only) is the amount of time the CPU was not busy, or, otherwise, the amount of time it executed the System Idle process. | Optimizing the application can lower CPU utilization. An efficient way to determine CPU usage is to use the Processor:% Processor Time counter in System Monitor. This counter monitors the amount of time the CPU spends executing a thread that is not idle.A consistent state of 80 percent to 90 percent may indicate the need to upgrade your CPU or add more processors.ptimizing the application can lower CPU utilization. An efficient way to determine CPU usage is to use the Processor:% Processor Time counter in System Monitor. This counter monitors the amount of time the CPU spends executing a thread that is not idle. | eng_Latn | 3,425 |
what is measurement and evaluation? | Meaurement and Evaluation are part of Bloom's Taxonmy. Measurement is how you will measure the students work-on what standards-and what scale. Evaluation is how you will grade or evaluate the students work or progress. This can be done in a variety of ways including portfolios, observation, tests, and written responses. | neilson ratings you are give a box to attach to your TV for a certain amount of time then when the box is retrieved, the info is gleaned from that. | eng_Latn | 3,426 |
determines meaning | LINK / CITE ADD TO WORD LIST. verb. The definition of determine is to set limits, make a decision or find out exactly. 1 An example of determine is measuring a piece of fabric before cutting it to size.2 An example of determine is deciding to paint your house a certain color.INK / CITE ADD TO WORD LIST. verb. The definition of determine is to set limits, make a decision or find out exactly. 1 An example of determine is measuring a piece of fabric before cutting it to size. | determine verb (DISCOVER). C1 [T] formal to âdiscover the âfacts or âtruth about something: The âpolice never âactually determined the âcause of âdeath. [+ question word] It is the âresponsibility of the âcourt to determine whâether these men are âinnocent. [+ that] The âjury determined that the men were âguilty. to discover the facts or truth about something: determine whether/why/how, etc. The âoffice will âconduct a âfollow-up âaudit to determine whether âchanges and âimprovements have been made. (Definition of determine from the Cambridge Business English Dictionary © Cambridge University Press). | eng_Latn | 3,427 |
what is your observation | According to the Oxford online dictionary, observation is the action or process of observing something or someone in order to gain information. Our observation skills inform us about objects, events, attitudes and phenomena using one or more senses. | Anything you see, hear, smell, taste, or touch is an observation. An observation may be quite casual - You are wearing a blue shirt, or it may be quite formal and planned. Formal, carefully planned and executed experiment s are designed to make observations. (Actually, experimental data are observations. | eng_Latn | 3,428 |
what is performance indicator | DEFINITION 1: Performance indicator refers to the means by which an objective can be judged to have been achieved or not achieved. Indicators are therefore tied to goals and objectives and serve simply as âyardsticksâ by which to measure the degree of success in goal achievement. | Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (October 2014) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) A performance indicator or key performance indicator (KPI) is a type of performance measurement. KPIs evaluate the success of an organization or of a particular activity in which it engages. | eng_Latn | 3,429 |
what does the physical check | A routine physical examination ensures that you stay in good health. A physical can also be a preventive step. It allows you to catch up on vaccinations or detect a serious condition, like cancer or diabetes, before it causes problems. During a routine physical, your doctor can also check vitals, including weight, heart rate, and blood pressure. | The basic physical exam consists of the following plus or minus depending on what your doctor is looking for; They'll check your blood pressure, pulse, respiratory rate, pupâ¦il response, sensation (nerves in hands, face feets etc.), power in your limbs, ability to move your joints, they'll listen to your heart and lungs, maybe feel for enlarged ... | eng_Latn | 3,430 |
what are observables | Observables are a new way of pushing data in JavaScript. An observable is a Producer of multiple values, âpushingâ them to subscribers. Observables in Angular | As the new substance is formed, observable changes take place â a change in temperature or colour, the formation of a visible gas or new solid, or perhaps even just an odour. Reactants and products The new substances that are formed during a chemical reaction are called the products. | eng_Latn | 3,431 |
instrumentation definition | Definition of instrumentation. 1 1 : the arrangement or composition of music for instruments especially for a band or orchestra. 2 2 : the use or application of instruments (as for observation, measurement, or control) 3 3 : instruments for a particular purpose; also : a selection or arrangement of instruments. | The instrumentation technician is responsible for anything that happens to an instrument. Sometimes they are required to work with laboratory equipment that measures the changes that occur in a test instrument when the humidity, pressure, temperature, stress, vibration and altitude changes. | eng_Latn | 3,432 |
operational sample definition | Operational definition. An operational definition is the application of operationalization used in defining the terms of a process (or set of validation tests) needed to determine the nature of an item or phenomenon (e.g. a variable, term, or object) and its properties such as duration, quantity, extension in space, chemical composition, etc. | An operational definition is a demonstration of a process-such as a variable, term, or object-relative in terms of the specific process or set of validation tests used to determine its presence and quantity.perational definitions are also used to define system states in terms of a specific, publicly accessible process of preparation or validation testing, which is repeatable at will. For example, 100 degrees Celsius may be crudely defined by describing the process of heating water until it is observed to boil. | eng_Latn | 3,433 |
statistical baseline definition | From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. A baseline is a line that is a base for measurement or for construction. The word baseline may refer to: baseline (configuration management), the process of managing change. | Baseline variability is defined as fluctuations in the fetal heart rate of more than 2 cycles per minute. No distinction is made between short-term variability (or beat-to-beat variability or R-R wave period differences in the electrocardiogram) and long-term variability. | eng_Latn | 3,434 |
what does a land surveyor do | What does a Land Surveyor do? Surveyors take measurements of land, water and airspace boundaries using a variety of specialized equipment, such as tripod-mounted levels and transits, area planimeters, and total stations, which measure angles and distances.hat does a Land Surveyor do? Surveyors take measurements of land, water and airspace boundaries using a variety of specialized equipment, such as tripod-mounted levels and transits, area planimeters, and total stations, which measure angles and distances. | A surveyor at work with an infrared reflector used for distance measurement. Surveying or land surveying is the technique, profession, and science of determining the terrestrial or three-dimensional position of points and the distances and angles between them. | eng_Latn | 3,435 |
what is program monitoring? | Noun. 1. monitoring program-a program that observes and regulates and controls or verifies the operations of a data-processing system. monitor program. | The ASPMN's definition of monitoring is the practice of using nurse observations including, but not limited to, the use of sedation assessment scales and technologies to collect serial measurements to anticipate and recognize advancing sedation or respiratory depression. | eng_Latn | 3,436 |
what are baseline studies | Baseline studies. What is a baseline study? The purpose of a baseline study is to provide an information base against which to monitor and assess an activityâs progress and effectiveness during implementation and after the activity is completed. | Baseline Courses. 1 IS-700 NIMS, an Introduction: This independent study course introduces the NIMS concept. 2 ICS-100 Introduction to the Incident Command System: This independent study course introduces ICS and provides the foundation for higher level ICS training. | eng_Latn | 3,437 |
definition of observation for science | Observation is the active acquisition of information from a primary source. In living beings, observation employs the senses. In science, observation can also involve the recording of data via the use of instruments. The term may also refer to any data collected during the scientific activity. | observation. n. 1. the act of observing or the state of being observed. 2. a comment or remark. 3. detailed examination of phenomena prior to analysis, diagnosis, or interpretation: the patient was under observation. | eng_Latn | 3,438 |
what is a quantitative observation? (facts or numbers???) | A: Quantitative observation, also called quantitative data, includes information that includes numbers, measurements and statistics. Quantitative data serves as a tool to measure data in many areas, including algebra in mathematics. | Quantitative research is often contrasted with qualitative research, which is the examination, analysis and interpretation of observations for the purpose of discovering underlying meanings and patterns of relationships, including classifications of types of phenomena and entities, in a manner that does not involve mathematical models. | eng_Latn | 3,439 |
what's in a home inspection | A home inspection is a limited, non-invasive examination of the condition of a home, often in connection with the sale of that home. Home inspections are usually conducted by a home inspector who has the training and certifications to perform such inspections. The inspector prepares and delivers to the client a written report of findings. | A Home Inspector is a person who engages in the business of inspecting a home and preparing a written or oral report in exchange for compensation of any sort, regarding the condition of the construction or improvements to the home. | eng_Latn | 3,440 |
operational definition a study of matter | An operational definition is a detailed specification of how one would go about measuring a given variable. Operational definitions can range from very simple and straightforward to quite complex, depending on the nature of the variable and the needs of the researcher. | Operational Definition. The operational definition of a variable is the specific way in which it is measured in that study. Another study might measure the same conceptual measure differently. If you were studying ways of helping people stop smoking, smoking cessation would be an outcome measure (dependent variable). | eng_Latn | 3,441 |
what is bencher | A bencher or Master of the Bench is a senior member of an Inn of Court in England and Wales and Ireland. Benchers hold office for life once elected. A bencher can be elected while still a barrister (usually, but not always, Queen's Counsel), in recognition of the contribution that the barrister has made to the life of the Inn or to the law. | A benchmark is a point of reference by which something can be measured. In surveying, a bench mark (two words) is a post or other permanent mark established at a known elevation that is used as the basis for measuring the elevation of other topographical points. Download: Additional tips on choosing the best OS. | eng_Latn | 3,442 |
What's a teleprompter? | What is teleprompter? | What is transducer? | hun_Latn | 3,443 |
what is electrical instrumentation | The 36 hour Certificate in Electronics/Instrumentation/Control Technology and the A.A.S. Degree in Electrical & Instrumentation are designed to provide the student with a wide variety of electrical courses to prepare them for a job as an electrical technician.egree in Electrical & Instrumentation Technology. The 24 hour certificate Program in Electricity fulfills the state of Wyoming's education requirements for apprentice electricians preparing for their Journeyman's License. | Programmers implement instrumentation in the form of code instructions that monitor specific components in a system (for example, instructions may output logging information to appear on screen). When an application contains instrumentation code, it can be managed using a management tool.Instrumentation is necessary to review the performance of the application. Instrumentation approaches can be of two types: Source instrumentation and binary instrumentation.rogrammers implement instrumentation in the form of code instructions that monitor specific components in a system (for example, instructions may output logging information to appear on screen). When an application contains instrumentation code, it can be managed using a management tool. | eng_Latn | 3,444 |
what does an analytical technician do | 1 Monitor product quality to ensure compliance with standards and specifications. 2 Conduct chemical or physical laboratory tests to assist scientists in making qualitative or quantitative analyses of solids, liquids, or gaseous materials. 3 Order and inventory materials to maintain supplies. Provide technical support or assistance to chemists or engineers. 2 Compile and interpret results of tests and analyses. 3 Develop or conduct programs of sampling and analysis to maintain quality standards of raw materials, chemical intermediates, or products. | An optical technician, commonly referred to as an ophthalmic laboratory technician, is an eye wear specialist whose job it is to make prescription eyeglasses and contact lenses. While many steps in the production process have been automated, there are some tasks that still require the expertise of a technician. | eng_Latn | 3,445 |
what is a waveform analyzer | The WaveForm Analyzer (WFA) is a portable handheld autoarranging voltmeter. designed specifically for cathodic protection monitoring. When the WFA is used. in conjunction with Pulse Generators installed in impressed current rectifiers, both ON and OFF (soil and pipe IR drop free) readings are made. | See also. 1 AC waveform. 2 Arbitrary waveform generator. 3 Crest factor. 4 Frequency domain. 5 Spectrum analyzer. 6 Waveform monitor. 7 Waveform viewer. 8 Wave packet. | eng_Latn | 3,446 |
how is physics used in forensics science | Answer Wiki. 1. Gun ballistics - the trajectory of a bullet can be reconstructed using physics equations, the impact between the bullet and the target (and shooter) is analyzed using conservation of momentum. The bullet also behaves as a gyroscope while in air and follows a precession or nutation oscillatory motion. | 1 Forensic archaeology is the application of a combination of archaeological techniques and forensic science, typically in law enforcement. 2 Forensic astronomy uses methods from astronomy to determine past celestial constellations for forensic purposes. Forensic psychology is the study of the mind of an individual, using forensic methods. 2 Usually it determines the circumstances behind a criminal's behavior. 3 Forensic seismology is the study of techniques to distinguish the seismic signals generated by underground nuclear explosions from those generated by earthquakes. | eng_Latn | 3,447 |
what does post mean | post- A prefix that means after, as in postoperative, after an operation, or behind, as in postnasal, behind the nose or nasal passages. | POST (Power On Self Test) Example. POST, short for Power On Self Test, is the initial set of diagnostic tests performed by the computer right after it's powered on.The POST is handled by the system's BIOS.OST (Power On Self Test) Example. POST, short for Power On Self Test, is the initial set of diagnostic tests performed by the computer right after it's powered on. | eng_Latn | 3,448 |
what is a post indicator valve used for | Wiki Pages. Post indicator valve (PIV) A type of valve used for underground piping, having a lockable actuator atop a post with a window indicating open or shut status of the valve. It can be used to control a sprinkler system, hydrant or other device, or may be used as a divisional valve. | The POST is a systematic check of basic system devices. As the testing progresses, the BIOS displays codes that you can use to interpret the status of your server. The codes appear at the bottom right corner of the systemâs VGA screen, after the self-test has progressed far enough to initialize the video monitor.ou can see some of the POST codes from primary I/O port 80 on LEDs inside the front panel of your server node (see POST Code LEDs). | eng_Latn | 3,449 |
Why do crystallinity values fail to predict the extent of diagenetic alteration of bone mineral | Potential of non-traditional isotope studies for bioarchaeology | Selective Determinants of Low Bone Mineral Mass in Adult Women with Anorexia Nervosa | eng_Latn | 3,450 |
OBJECTIVE ::: To underline peculiar composition of kidney stones and to propose an epidemiologic study of urinary stones in West African countries, where epidemiologic studies are scarce. Only few data are available regarding stone composition in sub-Saharan countries. Recently, a set of 100 stones consecutively removed by surgery in the Department of Urology of the University Hospital of Ouagadougou in Burkina Faso were collected for physical analysis, which provided the opportunity to obtain an epidemiologic profile of stone composition in this country. ::: ::: ::: MATERIALS AND METHODS ::: A total of 100 stones from 64 men, 22 women, 10 boys, and four girls were analyzed by morphologic examination, infrared spectroscopy, and electron microscopy in our laboratory. The results were considered by sex and separately for adults and children. ::: ::: ::: RESULTS ::: Sixty-five percent of the 100 stones contained calcium oxalate as the main component. Interestingly, the second main component was opaline silica (18%). Furthermore, opaline silica was identified in any proportion in 48% of the stones. The prevalence was sex and age dependent. Opaline silica was detected as the main component in 42% of the nuclei, which underlines its role as one of the main components involved in the initiation of calculi in this country. ::: ::: ::: CONCLUSION ::: For the first time, a dramatically high occurrence of a "scarce" urinary stone component, namely opaline silica, was reported in a series of consecutive calculi from a single country. We propose that a regular consumption of clay could be the origin of this phenomenon in these populations. | Veterinaria Mexico OA ISSN: 2448-6760 Cite this as: Mendoza-Lopez CI, Del-Angel-Caraza J, Ake-Chinas MA, Quijano-Hernandez IA, Barbosa-Mireles MA. Epidemiology of urolithiasis in dogs from Guadalajara City, Mexico. Veterinaria Mexico OA. 2019;6(1). doi: 10.22201/fmvz.24486760e.2019.1.585. Urolithiasis is a frequent and recurrent problem in dogs around the world. Several epidemiological studies based on mineral composition of uroliths have been carried out in different geographical areas. The objective of this study was to analyze epidemiological data of 195 dogs with urolithiasis from the metropolitan area of Guadalajara Jalisco, Mexico. To determine the chemical composition of uroliths, quantitative and qualitative analyses were performed by means of stereoscopic microscopy and infrared spectroscopy. The dogs` median age was six years and a male-female ratio of 1.4:1 was observed. The most affected pure breed dogs were schnauzer, poodle, Labrador retriever, Yorkshire terrier, and German shepherd. The frequency of uroliths of struvite, calcium oxalate, urates, mixes, and compounds, is similar to the one found in other studies performed in other populations. However, a much higher frequency of silicate-containing uroliths (16.92%) was observed, both in a pure form as well as in mineral mixtures. These results led us to suggest the need to develop further investigations to determine the origin of this high frequency. Figure 1. Different types of uroliths. Note the differences in shape, size, color, and number; however, none of these characteristics is specific to a particular mineral composition. | We prove that groups acting geometrically on delta-quasiconvex spaces contain no essential Baumslag-Solitar quotients as subgroups. This implies that they are translation discrete, meaning that the translation numbers of their nontorsion elements are bounded away from zero. | eng_Latn | 3,451 |
The major groups of reagents considered in this Section include limestone for FGD systems, SCR catalyst, Ammonia/Urea, and AC for ACI systems. | Limestone is considered a major reagent in this section. | Ammonia/urea is not considered a major reagent group. | eng_Latn | 3,452 |
Unconformities as mineralogical breaks in the burial metamorphism of the Andes | Prehnite-pumpellyite facies metamorphism in the Cenozoic Abanico Formation, Andes of central Chile (33°50'S): chemical and scale controls on mineral assemblages, reaction progress and the equilibrium state | Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles: A Comprehensive Review on Synthesis and Recent Advances | eng_Latn | 3,453 |
CLAY MINERALOGY OF SOME BASAL PENNSYLVANIAN SANDSTONES, CLAYS, AND SHALES^ | The Origin of Pyrophyllite Rectorite in Shales of North Central Utah | Surface of localized pleural plaques quantitated by computed tomography scanning: no relation with cumulative asbestos exposure and no effect on lung function | yue_Hant | 3,454 |
Calcium carbonate scale formation—assessing the initial stages of precipitation and deposition | Experimental Study of Scale Inhibitors for Prevention of Calcium Carbonate Deposition in Synthetic Formation Water | Experimental Study of Scale Inhibitors for Prevention of Calcium Carbonate Deposition in Synthetic Formation Water | eng_Latn | 3,455 |
Diffusion-controlled growth of wollastonite rims between quartz and calcite: comparison between nature and experiment | Porphyroblast crystallization: linking processes, kinetics, and microstructures | Mdm2 promotes the rapid degradation of p53 | eng_Latn | 3,456 |
Precipitation of calcium phosphates from electrolyte solutions | The chemical dynamics of bone mineral | Precipitation of calcium phosphates from electrolyte solutions | eng_Latn | 3,457 |
Comparison of a New Kind of Calcium Phosphate Formula Versus Conventional Calciumphosphate Matrices in Treating Bone Defects – A Long-Term Investigation in Pigs | Evaluation of injectable silica-embedded nanohydroxyapatite bone substitute in a rat tibia defect model | Preparation and Characterization of β-Tricalcium Phosphate Powders with High Solubility for Chelate-Setting Calcium-Phosphate Cements | eng_Latn | 3,458 |
From Matrix Acidizing to Acid Fracturing: A Laboratory Evaluation of Acid/Rock Interactions | Evolution of planar fractures in limestone: The role of flow rate, mineral heterogeneity and local transport processes | TPA-induced inhibition of gap junctional intercellular communication is not mediated through free radicals. | eng_Latn | 3,459 |
Phosphate minerals in the H group of ordinary chondrites, and fluid activity recorded by apatite heterogeneity in the Zag H3-6 regolith breccia | Early I-Xe Ages of Clasts and Chondrules from the L6 Chondrite Barwell | Phosphate Additive Avoidance in Chronic Kidney Disease | eng_Latn | 3,460 |
Studies on the chemically stabilized soils have shown that the effectiveness of treatment is largely dependent on soil’s natural environment. In tropical kaolin soils, phosphoric acid may be used as an alternative to traditional alkaline stabilizers for improving soil properties. This research was carried out in an effort to identify the time-dependent soil-stabilizer reactions. Data for the study of characterization of treated samples were obtained from X-ray diffractometry, energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry, field emission scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and leaching analysis. Based on the collected data, the kaolinite mineral with pH-dependent structural properties showed slightly different behavior both in basic and in acidic mediums. Also, it was found that the chemical stabilizers preferentially attacked the alumina surface of the clay particles. Therefore, it was rational to suggest that with respect to lime and phosphoric acid treatment, aluminate hydrate compounds are more likely to be formed. | In this research, field emission scanning electron microscopy coupled with an energy-dispersive X-ray analyser was employed to study the micro-textural features and elemental composition of lime-stabilized soil. This technique was used to visualize the time-dependent morphological changes in different clay mineral structure and, moreover, to observe the formation of new cementing products that could not be detected by X-ray diffraction method. Due to the “surface associated” nature of soil–lime reactions, the N2-BET surface area of treated soils was also monitored with curing time. Unconfined compressive strength test as an index of soil’s improvement was performed on cured samples. Based on the results it was found that the type of cementing compounds that were formed after 8 months of curing was dependent on the type of clay minerals present. Also the progression of pozzolanic reaction was highly sensitive to the impurities present on the surface of soil particles. From an engineering point of view, the lime stabilization technique was effective in increasing the strength properties of natural soils with sodium bentonite (comprised mainly of montmorillonite mineral) showing the highest degree of improvement. | Background ::: Serum calcium (Ca) and inorganic phosphate (Pi) concentrations and calcium-phosphate product (CPP) levels are positively associated with worse outcomes in patients with chronic kidney disease, but there are few data for Pi or Ca and none for CPP in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF). | eng_Latn | 3,461 |
Electromagnetic actuation shows promising suitability for constructing actuators and sensors with an optical fiber in terms of speeds, device dimensions, and power consumption. In this work we invented a fiber scanner which is composed of an optical fiber coated with nickel powder based ferromagnetic gel. The optical scanner, in which the optical fiber is mechanically steered with external electromagnetic fields, satisfies the applications that require small ::: sizes, precise optics, low power consumption and prefers non-electrical control in the device. The device architecture makes the scanner dimensions in the same scales of an optical fiber diameter and the optics is well preserved in the fiber. In addition, the external actuation eliminates the needs of voltage or current in the scanner. Magnetization hysteresis curve of the nickel based ferromagnetic gel, which gives relevant magnetic material properties, is characterized in order to carry out the calculation of static and dynamic responses. A rotary gel coating technique is used to construct fiber optical scanners. The material preparation and fabrication method is described in this paper. We characterized the scanner in two modes. The static scanning results showed a 0.5 mm displacement under the influence of static magnetic field of 14.5 KA/m. At the first peak of resonant frequency in dynamic scanning, a linear displacement of 0.75 mm with a magnetic field amplitude of 6.69 KA/m was demonstrated. In this paper, we discussed the fabrication procedures and performance characterization of the fiber scanner as well as some of the potential applications. | New fabrication procedures ate described for constructing thin, electrostatically deflectable SiO 2 membranes on a silicon wafer in a very controllable manner. Performance parameters of these membranes are analyzed and three examples of typical applications for the micromechanical structures are discussed: a light modulator array, a micromechanical voltage-controlled switch, and the measurement of the mechanical properties of thin insulating films unconstrained by the substrate. Since the lifetimes of the membranes can be very long (>1010cycles), their dimensions very small (8.3 µm long, 950 A thick have been demonstrated), and the fabrication technique is simple and versatile, the potential applicability of such devices seems promising. | The Erlangmiao granite intrusion is located in the eastern part of the East Qinling Orogen. The granite contains almost 99 vol.% felsic minerals with accessory garnet, muscovite, biotite, zircon, and Fe-Ti oxide. Garnet is the dominant accessory mineral, shows zoned texture, and is rich in w (FeO) (14.13%–16.09%) and w (MnO) (24.21%–27.44%). The rocks have high SiO 2 , alkalis, FeO t /MgO, TiO 2 /MgO and low Al 2 O 3 , CaO with w (Na 2 O)/ w (K 2 O)> 1. Their Rb, Ga, Ta, Nb, Y, and Yb contents are high and Sr, Ba, Eu, Zr, P, and Ti contents are low. These features indicate that the Erlangmiao granite is a highly evolved metaluminous A-type. Garnet crystallized at the expense of biotite from the MnO-rich evolved melt after fractionation of biotite, plagioclase, K-feldspar, zircon, apatite, and ilmenite. The relatively high initial 87 Sr/ 86 Sr ratios (0.706–0.708), low and negative ɛ Nd (120 Ma) values (−6.6 to −9.0), and old Nd model ages (1.5–1.7 Ga) suggest that the rocks were probably formed by partial melting of the Paleoproterozoic granitic gneisses from the basement, with participation of depleted mantle in an extensional setting. | eng_Latn | 3,462 |
The soluble Pb concentration and formation of chloropyromorphite [Pb5(PO4)3Cl] were monitored during the reaction of cerrusite (PbCO3), a highly bioavailable soil Pb species, and hydroxyapatite [Ca5(PO4)3OH] at various P/Pb molar ratios under constant and dynamic pH conditions. Under pH-constant systems at pH 4 and below, the dissolution rates of both cerrusite and apatite were rapid, and complete conversion of cerrusite to chloropyromorphite occurred within 60 min when the amount of phosphate added via apatite was stoichiometrically equal to that needed to transform all added Pb into chloropyromorphite. The concentration of soluble Pb depended upon the solubility of chloropyromorphite. The dissolution rates of apatite and cerrusite decreased with increasing pH, and the transformation was incomplete at pH 5 and above in the 60-min reaction period. The soluble Pb level, therefore, was determined by the solubility of cerrusite. In the pH-dynamic system, which simulated the gastrointestinal tract (GI tract),... | This study appraised the use of phosphate fertilisers in immobilising metals in mine tailings to prevent their uptake into Curly Mitchell grass (Astrebla lappacea), when grown on capped, phosphate-amended tailings. Leaching experiments showed that Pb mobility was reduced by both bone meal and superphosphate amendment. Bone meal amendment also reduced Cd mobility. By contrast, Cd, Mn and Zn mobility increased in superphosphate-amended tailings due to increased acid production and, Cu was mobilised in bone meal-amended tailings possibly through the formation of soluble metal-complexing organic compounds. Arsenic and Sb were mobilised in both treatments due to phosphate ligand exchange. Greenhouse trials used Curly Mitchell grass grown on 1-m-high columns stacked with waste materials and different amendments overlain by clean topsoil. Curly Mitchell grass showed substantial uptake of Cd, Mn, Pb and Zn from unamended tailings and waste rock, where these were penetrated by the plant’s root system. Addition of phosphate fertilisers to the surface of tailings did not result in reduced metal uptake by Curly Mitchell grass. In tailings capped with limestone, the limestone layer formed an effective physical barrier preventing root penetration into the tailings and led to substantially reduced metal uptake in grass. The study demonstrates that thorough mixing of waste materials and fertilisers as well as irrigation may be required for successful phosphate immobilisation of metals in base metal tailings. Alternatively, the placement of a thin layer of crushed limestone on top of the tailings pile prior to capping may lead to the formation of a chemical and physical barrier and prevent the transfer of environmentally significant elements into the above-ground biomass of Mitchell grasses. | Background ::: Serum calcium (Ca) and inorganic phosphate (Pi) concentrations and calcium-phosphate product (CPP) levels are positively associated with worse outcomes in patients with chronic kidney disease, but there are few data for Pi or Ca and none for CPP in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF). | eng_Latn | 3,463 |
The failure strains of E-glass fibers aged in air for up to 6 months at 50 °C/80 % relative humidity were measured in ambient air and in liquid nitrogen using the two-point bending method, and were related to changes in surface morphology as characterized by optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The failure strain of E-glass fibers decreased by 1.5 % per day during the first week of aging, but then more slowly (0.01 % per day) over the next 6 months, with similar trends noted for fibers tested in room temperature air and in liquid nitrogen. Small droplets form on the surfaces of fibers aged within the first week and reactions between the droplets and glass create surface defects that degrade failure strains. Over longer times, calcium carbonate crystals form on the fiber surfaces. | To investigate the mechanisms of deterioration of historical glasses, under natural evolution, some early medieval glasses from the archaeological site of the Monselice's hill have been analysed. By an archaeological approach, de- veloped at the Dipartimento di Scienze dell'AntichitUniversity of Padova, the glasses were dated between the VI and the beginning of the VII century and they were ascribed to the same artist or school. By a geological approach, developed at the Dipartimento di Mineralogia e Petrologia, University of Padova, it was found that some pieces of glasses, from the same archaeological site, were made of silica, rich in sodium and calcium, with iron and manga- nese. The composition was analogous the one of glasses produced during Roman empire, using 'natron' (Na2CO3 � NaHCO3 � 2H2O) as melting agent and glasses produced during medieval age, in the Mediterranean basin, using plant ash like 'Salsola Kali' as melting agent. It was also found that there was a surface layer, with a special lamellar structure, easy to remove. The surface layer was found poor in alkali and alkaline-earth elements. By surface and microscopic analyses (optical microscopy, SEM-EDS, microRaman, XPS, SIMS and M€ it has been found that all the samples have a composition rich in silica, sodium and calcium except one that, unexpectedly, was rich in potassium and poorer in sodium. This sample, as composition, seems just like medieval glasses produced north of the Alps, using plant ash like ferns as melting agent. In all the samples the surface layers have less alkaline elements and the depletion goes to ten lm of depth. The extreme consequence of this depletion is the formation, in some samples, of an alteration layer, easy to remove, that the XPS analyses tell us it is made of very hydrated silica. The surface layers show a little accumulation of calcium. The calcium ion is also present in some birefringent crystal aggregates immersed in the glass that, in some samples, are around one mm large. These aggregates have a circular shape, with a nucleation centre in them. By microRaman spectroscopy it was found that the crystal aggregates are made of vateritic and calcitic calcium | A 75-year-old woman suffered severe haemoptysis after insertion of a Swan-Ganz catheter in an intensive care unit. Control of the pulmonary artery haemorrhage was quickly and successfully achieved with stainless steel coils as the embolic material. | eng_Latn | 3,464 |
Absorption of inorganic phosphate in the human small intestine | Summary 1. Intestinal phosphate absorption in human subjects was studied by the technique of triple lumen intestinal perfusion in vivo. 2. Ileal phosphate absorption increased as the intraluminal phosphate concentration was increased. 3. Ileal rates of phosphate absorption were lower at any given intraluminal phosphate concentration than previously described jejunal rates. Acidification of the ileal lumen did not increase phosphate absorption. 4. Phosphate absorption was shown in the jejunum to be dependent on the intraluminal sodium concentration. 5. Phosphate absorption in the human small intestine consists of at least two components, one directly proportional to water movement and the second apparently independent of water movement. | We have obtained sorbents modified by the cationic SAS based on hydromica and kaolinite—layer silicates with a rigid structural cell. We have studied structure—sorption properties of initial and developed materials. It has been shown that modification results in a sharp decrease of hydrophilicity of minerals, enhancement of their affinity to the molecules of anionic and nonionogenic SAS. We have noted a substantial increase of sorption capacity of modified minerals with respect to nonionogenic SAS, which is explained by the formation on the surface of the sorbent of bulk associates from the molecules of cationic and nonionogenic SAS. | eng_Latn | 3,465 |
On the average charge of the oxygen vacancy in perovskites necessary for kinetic calculations | An analytical result has been obtained for the value of the dynamical charge necessary for calculations of oxygen vacancy kinetics in dielectric perovskite-type crystals. It is shown by using the Berry phase analysis that this charge equals the nominal charge of the vacancy: for example, for the double charged state, it is 2; a neutral vacancy has the zero charge. | Abstract A large number of sub-surface sedimentary samples using Mossbauer spectroscopy were obtained from various depths of wells CTP-1 and MDP-1 drilled in Eastern Krishna–Godavari basin (KG basin) of India. Results indicate that iron is distributed in pyrite, siderite and in clay minerals, apart from these minerals an anomalously large presence of sulfate minerals was also found. Their presence indicates oxidizing conditions in sediments. Significance of presence of minerals, which show oxidizing conditions in context of source rock characterization, is discussed. | eng_Latn | 3,466 |
Novel synthetic ferrimagnet pinned Layers for metallic CPP spin valves requiring high pinning-field and output | We have succeeded in enhancing the current-perpendicular-to-plane (CPP) magnetoresistance of the synthetic spin-valves by controlling the spin-dependent transport through the synthetic ferrimagnetic pinned layer using impurities. The new pinned layer overcomes the disadvantage of the synthetic pinned layer in CPP spin-valves for the magnetoresistance reduction. The experimental results are well described by our calculations based on the two-current theory. The proposed pinned layer, together with our newly developed magnetoresistive ferromagnetic materials, will be quite effective in producing CPP spin-valve sensors for ultrahigh-density data storage systems. | Automated image and X-ray analysis, with a scanning electron microscope, has been used to "fingerprint" mineral particles in bituminous coals of the Sydney Coalfield and catalogue their chemical class and size distribution. Four seams (Hub, Harbour, Phalen, and Gardiner) were analyzed quantitatively for some 32 000 mineral particles; these analyses revealed particle-size and weight distributions for 27 chemical classes. Manual searches augmented the computer-automated scans, covering eight seams and recording a total of 35 mineral species, their paragenesis, and sites for 28 elements.Sydney seam mineralogy is dominated by pyrite and kaolinite, but illite, chlorite, siderite, ankerite, and quartz are locally prominent; these are accompanied by a large variety of accessory minerals (zircon, rutile, apatite, barite, gypsum, rare-earth phosphates, and ore minerals) and alteration products (goethite and hydrated sulphates). Individual column benches show geochemical fades with different mineral suites resultin... | eng_Latn | 3,467 |
Four major elements define an encyclopedia : its subject matter , its scope , its method of organization , and its method of production : Some works entitled `` dictionaries '' are actually similar to encyclopedias , especially those concerned with a particular field ( such as the Dictionary of the Middle Ages , the Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships , and Black 's Law Dictionary ) . | Examples are the Dictionary of National Biography , the Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships , and Black 's Law Dictionary . | A multivitamin\/mineral set is approved in the United States as a ( supplement ) addition to diet containing 3 or more vitamins and minerals that does not include herbs , hormones , or drugs . | eng_Latn | 3,468 |
Can you use this with powder (mineral powder)? | You can put on top of it just a thin layer. The Coastal cover is not fluid, is thicker, so you cannot add to much powder on top. I guess it is depending what type of skin you have. Mine is dry so I dont use to much powder. But the Coastal palette is great for contouring. | creo que si. puedes usarlo en Colombia y en Las Filipinas, entonces creo que tu puedes usarlo en Peru tambien | eng_Latn | 3,469 |
does this contain silica? | I ordered this some months ago, but I don't recall seeing silica listed in the ingredients or a pocket of it in the powder. | Still had the packaging paperwork supplied with my purchase. No mention of nuts. However vendor is easy going should answer any questions you have. | eng_Latn | 3,470 |
How much silica does this product have? | The label indicates there is 2 mg sourced from Algae. Also the calcium, magnesium, strontium, and vanadium is also sourced from Algae. I have read that type is more bio-avaiable, but I have no references on that. Hope this helps :) | I really do not know. I do love them though. It should say on the glass or the box. Sorry all my boxes are gone Can you google them? | eng_Latn | 3,471 |
These cementing materials may be either silicate minerals or non-silicate minerals , such as calcite . | The ` cement ' is either calcite ( calcium carbonate ) , quartz ( silica ) , or clay . | The Battle of Marion ( December 17-December 18 , 1864 ) was a military engagement in the American Civil War that occurred when Major General George Stoneman , commander of the Union Army in Kentucky and Tennessee , raided Southwestern Virginia . | eng_Latn | 3,472 |
High amounts of calcium and phosphate compounds are required to form antlers , and therefore large quantities of these minerals are required for the massive structures of the Irish Elk . | High amounts of calcium and phosphate compounds are needed to form antlers , and therefore large quantities of these minerals are required for the massive structures of the Irish Elk . | The Corrymeela Community is a Christian community whose objective is the promotion of reconciliation and peace-building in Northern Ireland . Their objective is to promote reconciliation and peace-building through the healing of social , religious and political divisions in Northern Ireland . | eng_Latn | 3,473 |
The Detection of P53 and K-ras in Gallbladder Bile of Patients with Colorectal Cancer and Its Clinical Significance | Objective:To investigate the feasibility of detecting gene expression in gallbladder bile of patients with colorectal cancer and to explore the relationship between cancer cells in gallbladder bile and liver metastasis of the tumor.Methods:The expression of p53 and K-ras in gallbladder bile from 33 patients with colorectal cancer were detected by automated sequencing.Results:Expression of gene were found in 17 of the 33 patients (51.51%). The rate of positive detection of the expression was significantly correlated to Duke′s stage and liver metastasis. Follow-up showed that there was a higher probability of postoperative liver metastasis in patients with positive detection of the expression.Conclusion:The detection of expression of p53 and K-ras in gallbladder bile of patients with colorectal cancer could help to judge the malignancy and prognosis and was valuable in early diagnosis of liver micrometastasis. | The objective of this study was to determine the As and Sb contents in soils from the Murcia Region of Spain and the possible relationship between the mineralogical composition, soil properties, and As and Sb concentrations. In this study, 490 samples were selected from areas with different characteristics in order to study As and Sb variability. Results show that As and Sb concentrations are positively correlated with the phyllosilicate and quartz content but negatively correlated with the calcite content. The generic reference level (GRL) for these elements was determined according to the Spanish legislation. Established GRL values vary according to the established mineralogical groups, suggesting that GRL has to be determined considering the lithological characteristics of the study area. | eng_Latn | 3,474 |
Growth of indium phosphide bulk crystals for radiation detectors | Bulk indium phosphide single crystals were grown by the liquid encapsulation Czochralski method using vertical Bridgman low pressure synthesis of poly-crystalline InP. The semi-insulating state necessary for radiation detection was created by the iron doping or iron-zinc and titanium-zinc co-doping. High temperature annealing of very pure or tantalum doped InP were also done. For characterization of InP crystals the Hall measurements and mass spectroscopy analysis were used. Crystal structure defects were studied by the etching and X-ray methods. Samples of X-ray detectors of this material were constructed and the efficiency of detection was measured. | [Objective]To establish a method for determination of phosphorus in foods by microwave ashing and molecular absorption spectrometry.[Methods]The samples were incinerated by microwave ashing method,and the determination results were compared with that of GB method.[Results]According to precision test,RSD was 1.5%.Recovery rate was 90.0%～95.8%.There was no significant different in the determination results between microwave ashing method and GB method.[Conclusion]The microwave ashing method for determination of phosphorus in foods has high accuracy and good reproducibility,which is worth popularizing. | eng_Latn | 3,475 |
New Insights into the Molecular Structures, Compositions, and Cation Distributions in Synthetic and Natural Montmorillonite Clays | We present a detailed investigation of the molecular structure of montmorillonite, an aluminosilicate clay with important applications in materials sciences, such as for catalysis, drug delivery, or as a waste barrier. Solid-state 29Si, 27Al, 25Mg, and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) measurements combined with density functional theory (DFT) calculations provide a comprehensive picture of the local structure and composition of a synthetic clay and its naturally occurring analogue. A revised composition is proposed based on NMR results that allow the identification and quantification of the signatures of otherwise undetectable noncrystalline impurities, thus largely complementing the traditional elemental analyses. Solid-state 1H NMR at fast magic-angle spinning (MAS) and high magnetic field provide quantitative information on intra- and interlayer local environments that are crucial for the determination of the amount of Mg/Al substitution within the octahedral layer. In combination with DFT calculati... | Dataset for Skin-deep Patterning of Calcite. From the data in this file, we show that calcite surface patterning changes with experimental conditions, additive concentrations, time, additive mixtures and additive chemistry. As a model additive, we used a cement protein cp20k, to develop a range of surface patterns such as nanoshoots and arrowheads. From a range of other additives, we were then able to show how many other surface patterning motifs were then accessible. The data includes SEM, Optical, confocal fluorescence, FIB/SEM, and TEM data. | eng_Latn | 3,476 |
Diagnosis and Management of the Thyroid Carcinoma | Thyroid cancer is the most common malignant tumor in endocrine system and the incidence of the disease has increased these years.The diagnostic methods of it are as following,the physical examination,ultrasound,fine-needle aspiration,CT-scan,lab and so on.Surgery is considered to be the most effective way to remove the tumor,however,when the patient is with end stage or metastasis,the combination therapy such as I131,radiation therapy and chemotherapy are also available.In a word,the prognosis of thyroid cancer is very promising if it has been treated reasonably. | AbstractMorphological changes and function of calcium oxalate crystals in eddo roots in hydroponic solution containing calcium at various concentrations were investigated. Bundles of needle-shaped crystals in crystal idioblasts were tubularly arranged in the peripheral part of cortex in the apical zone of primary roots. Under scanning electron microscopy and optical microscopy, crystals in the idioblasts of roots cultured in 1 mM calcium nitrate solution were larger than those in 0 mM calcium solution but smaller than those in the solutions containing either 15 mM calcium nitrate or 15 mM calcium chloride. The number and area of crystal bundles in the sections of the apical zone in 1 mM calcium nitrate solution were significantly larger than those in 0 mM calcium solution and smaller than those in the solutions containing 15 mM calcium. The calcium mapping image obtained by energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry showed that the amount of calcium in crystal idioblasts was increased with increasing calcium co... | eng_Latn | 3,477 |
Clinical Diagnostic Value of Molybdenum Target X-ray Combined with Serum CEA,CA19-9 and CA15-3 in the Detection of Breast Cancer | To explore the clinical diagnostic value of CR molybdenum target x-ray combined with CEA,CA199 and CA153 in the detection of breast cancer,there were 87 cases of breast disease confirmed by surgery and pathology.The results of CEA,CA199,CA153 and the signs of CR Molybdenum target x-ray were statistical analyzed retrospectively.The results showed that the serum levels of CEA,CA199 and CA153 in breast cancer group were higher than that in benign lesions group and normal control group(P0.01).The sensitivity of CEA,CA199,CA153 combined with CR molybdenum target x-ray was better than any one of them(P0.01).The combined detection of CEA,CA199,CA153 and CR Molybdenum target x-ray in breast cancer patients can improve the detective rate;it plays an important role in early diagnosis,treatment and monitoring. | New ceramic materials with the ability to set like cement, after mixing a powder phase made of one and/or several of these new reactants and a liquid phase, have been obtained within the ternary system “CaO-P2O5-FeO”. These new reactants have magnetic properties, i.e. cement made from them maintains its magnetic property during the whole setting and hardening. These new materials can be of use, for example, in dental applications, in the treatment of certain types of bone cancer and, in general, in the fields of Biomaterials and Bone Tissue Engineering. In this article, we report on the effect of iron-modified α -tricalcium phosphate, which is the main reactant of commercial calcium phosphate bone cements, on their new setting and hardening properties. | eng_Latn | 3,478 |
Screened Coulomb Potential in KCl Crystal | The wave-number-dependent dielectric function is calculated for crystalline KCl, on the basis of the expressions derived in a previous paper. The value, 2.383, is obtained for the static dielectric constant in long wave length limit, which is to be compared with the observed optical dielectric constant e ∞ =2.13. The contribution from the Umklapp terms has turned out to be rather small. An approximate analytical expression is presented for the screened Coulomb potential in KCl crystal. | This paper describes the interaction between calcium and molten CaCl2 and the solubility of calcium in this melt, depending on the calcium content in the copper-calcium alloy that comes in contact with the molten CaCl2. The negative influence of the dissolved calcium on the current efficiency was verified. The negative effects of moisture and CaO impurities on the calcium current efficiency were demonstrated. The dependence of the current efficiency and the purity of the metal obtained by the electrolysis conditions were studied in a laboratory electrolyzer (20 to 80 A). | eng_Latn | 3,479 |
Calcium Production by the Electrolysis of Molten CaCl2—Part I. Interaction of Calcium and Copper-Calcium Alloy with Electrolyte | This paper describes the interaction between calcium and molten CaCl2 and the solubility of calcium in this melt, depending on the calcium content in the copper-calcium alloy that comes in contact with the molten CaCl2. The negative influence of the dissolved calcium on the current efficiency was verified. The negative effects of moisture and CaO impurities on the calcium current efficiency were demonstrated. The dependence of the current efficiency and the purity of the metal obtained by the electrolysis conditions were studied in a laboratory electrolyzer (20 to 80 A). | AbstractWeathering tests on kimberlites from several sources indicate that the single most important aspect when considering kimberlite weathering is the presence of swelling clay. Certain kimberlites, containing no swelling clay, are non-weatherable even under considerably aggravated conditions. For other kimberlites, increasing swelling clay content correlates with more severe weathering. The cation exchange capacity (CEC) is a useful parameter that correlates with the swelling clay content; the CEC can be determined relatively fast and economically compared with determination of the swelling clay content by X-ray diffraction. | eng_Latn | 3,480 |
Determination of the absolute configuration of flexible molecules by ab initio ORD calculations: a case study with cytoxazones and isocytoxazones. | Ab initio calculations of the optical rotatory power of the natural cytokine modulator cytoxazone 1 and its trans-diastereomer 2, as well as the structural isomers cis-3 and trans-4 isocytoxazones, have been performed at four different wavelengths (589, 546, 435, and 405 nm) by Density Functional Theory. The calculation of ORD curves provides a reliable method for the assignment of absolute configuration of these conformationally flexible molecules. The absolute configurations of isocytoxazones has been established as (+)-(4R,5S)-cis-3 and (+)-(4S,5S)-trans-4. | AbstractMorphological changes and function of calcium oxalate crystals in eddo roots in hydroponic solution containing calcium at various concentrations were investigated. Bundles of needle-shaped crystals in crystal idioblasts were tubularly arranged in the peripheral part of cortex in the apical zone of primary roots. Under scanning electron microscopy and optical microscopy, crystals in the idioblasts of roots cultured in 1 mM calcium nitrate solution were larger than those in 0 mM calcium solution but smaller than those in the solutions containing either 15 mM calcium nitrate or 15 mM calcium chloride. The number and area of crystal bundles in the sections of the apical zone in 1 mM calcium nitrate solution were significantly larger than those in 0 mM calcium solution and smaller than those in the solutions containing 15 mM calcium. The calcium mapping image obtained by energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry showed that the amount of calcium in crystal idioblasts was increased with increasing calcium co... | eng_Latn | 3,481 |
Which element is represented by the symbol 'P' in the periodic table? | Phosphorus»the essentials [WebElements Periodic Table] Element News Phosphorus: the essentials Phosphorus is commonly misspelled "phosphorous". It is an essential component of living systems and is found in nervous tissue, bones and cell protoplasm. Phosphorus exists in several allotropic forms including white (or yellow), red, and black (or violet). White phosphorus has two modifications. Ordinary phosphorus is a waxy white solid. When pure, it is colourless and transparent. It is insoluble in water, but soluble in carbon disulphide. It catches fire spontaneously in air, burning to P4O10, often misnamed as phosphorus pentoxide. When exposed to sunlight, or when heated in its own vapour to 250°C, it is converted to the red variety. This form does not ignite spontaneously and it is a little less dangerous than white phosphorus. The red modification is fairly stable and sublimes with a vapour pressure of 1 atmosphere at 417°C. This sample is from The Elements Collection , an attractive and safely packaged collection of the 92 naturally occurring elements that is available for sale. Phosphorus: historical information Phosphorus was discovered by Hennig Brand in 1669 at Germany. Origin of name : from the Greek word "phosphoros" meaning "bringer of light" (an ancient name for the planet Venus?). Phosphorus was discovered in 1669 by Hennig Brand, who prepared it from urine. Not less than 50-60 buckets per experiment in fact, each of which required more than a fortnight to complete. Sometime prior to the autumn of 1803, the Englishman John Dalton was able to explain the results of some of his studies by assuming that matter is composed of atoms and that all samples of any given compound consist of the same combination of these atoms. Dalton also noted that in series of compounds, the ratios of the masses of the second element that combine with a given weight of the first element can be reduced to small whole numbers (the law of multiple proportions). This was further evidence for atoms. Dalton's theory of atoms was published by Thomas Thomson in the 3rd edition of his System of Chemistry in 1807 and in a paper about strontium oxalates published in the Philosophical Transactions. Dalton published these ideas himself in the following year in the New System of Chemical Philosophy. The symbol used by Dalton for phosphorus is shown below. [See History of Chemistry, Sir Edward Thorpe, volume 1, Watts & Co, London, 1914.] Phosphorus around us Read more » Phosphorus is a key component of biological molecules such as DNA and RNA. Phosphorus is a component of bones, and teeth, and many other compounds required for life. Chronic poisoning of people working unprotected with white phosphorus leads to necrosis of the jaw ("phossy-jaw"). Phosphorus is never found as the free element but is widely distributed in many minerals. Phosphate rock, (apatite, impure calcium phosphate), is an important source of the element. Large deposits are found in Morocco, in Russia, and in the USA. Abundances for phosphorus in a number of different environments. More abundance data » Location | PGK - Papua New Guinean Kina rates, news, and tools PGK - Papua New Guinean Kina Papua New Guinea, Kina The Papua New Guinean Kina is the currency of Papua New Guinea. Our currency rankings show that the most popular Papua New Guinea Kina exchange rate is the PGK to AUD rate . The currency code for Kina is PGK, and the currency symbol is K. Below, you'll find Papua New Guinean Kina rates and a currency converter. You can also subscribe to our currency newsletters with daily rates and analysis, read the XE Currency Blog , or take PGK rates on the go with our XE Currency Apps and website. | eng_Latn | 3,482 |
Apatite is a group of phosphate minerals , usually referring to hydroxylapatite , fluorapatite and chlorapatite , named for high concentrations of OH − , F − and Cl − ions , respectively , in the crystal . | Apatite is a group of phosphate minerals with high concentrations of OH − , F − , Cl − or ions , respectively , in the crystal . | Beta-amyloid Beta-amyloid ( Aβ ) ( also called ` amyloid beta ' ) plaques start with a protein called amyloid precursor protein ( APP ) . | eng_Latn | 3,483 |
what are the names of detergent that contains phosphate? | If you are trying to avoid phosphates that I recommend that you look into a company called Melaleuca. Many of their products are phosphate-free. I haven't done enough research, but all their products might be phosphate free.\n\nSorry, I don't know about the common brands because I avoid those!\n\nI put there site link down below. | Since I live in Australia, I don't know 1, but you can try a soap bar. | eng_Latn | 3,484 |
is phosphorus good to use on hydrangeas | Use a fertilizer with high levels of phosphorus. Phosphorus helps to prevent aluminum from creeping into the system of the hydrangea. Choose a fertilizer close to the ratio of 25/10/10 (Phosphorus is the middle number). | Most phosphorus is used to make phosphoric acid of high purity necessary for some food processing and for etching semi-conductors. It is known as thermal phosphoric acid and is made by burning phosphorus in moist air.However most phosphoric acid needed to make fertilizers need not be very pure and is more cheaply made directly from rock phosphate ores and not via the element.t is known as thermal phosphoric acid and is made by burning phosphorus in moist air. However most phosphoric acid needed to make fertilizers need not be very pure and is more cheaply made directly from rock phosphate ores and not via the element. | eng_Latn | 3,485 |
why is phosphorus a necessary nutrient | Phosphorus Phosphorus (P) is an essential nutrient for all life forms, and is the eleventh-most abundant mineral in the earth's crust.In surface waters, phosphorus is usually present as phosphate (PO 4 -P).Phosphorus is needed for plant growth and is required for many metabolic reactions in plants and animals. Organic phosphorus is a part of living plants and animals, their by-products, and their remains.Generally, phosphorus is the limiting nutrient in freshwater aquatic systems.n such cases, phosphorus and other nutrients may be released from the sediment in the future. This results in an internal phosphorus loading. Because of this phenomenon, a reduction in phosphorus inputs may not be effective in reducing algal blooms for a number of years. | Requirement: Phosphorus is one of the essential minerals required for human body to be fit & healthy body. Every day we must consume about 800mg of phosphorous, as it is a mineral which performs various body functions. | eng_Latn | 3,486 |
where phosphorus is found | Phosphorus is commonly misspelled phosphorous. It is an essential component of living systems and is found in nervous tissue, bones and cell protoplasm. Phosphorus exists in several allotropic forms including white (or yellow), red, and black (or violet). White phosphorus has two modifications.Ordinary phosphorus is a waxy white solid.t is an essential component of living systems and is found in nervous tissue, bones and cell protoplasm. Phosphorus exists in several allotropic forms including white (or yellow), red, and black (or violet). White phosphorus has two modifications. Ordinary phosphorus is a waxy white solid. | Phosphorus is found in its elemental form as different allotropes, none of which are stable in the presence of oxygen. Review the properties of phosphorus. Phosphorus is a chemical element with symbol P and atomic number 15. A multivalent nonmetal of the nitrogen group, phosphorus as a mineral is almost always present in its maximally oxidized state, as inorganic phosphate. | eng_Latn | 3,487 |
what does p mean | phosphorus, P, atomic number 15(noun) a multivalent nonmetallic element of the nitrogen family that occurs commonly in inorganic phosphate rocks and as organic phosphates in all living cells; is highly reactive and occurs in several allotropic forms. | P.S is an abbreviation of post script. P.S at the end of an article,letter or any script mean an extra information writer would like to add about the content. More precisely,it is called âkosamerupuâ in telugu. :p | eng_Latn | 3,488 |
how do manganese nodules form | Polymetallic nodules, also called manganese nodules, are rock concretions on the sea bottom formed of concentric layers of iron and manganese hydroxides around a core.The core may be microscopically small and is sometimes completely transformed into manganese minerals by crystallization.When visible to the naked eye, it can be a small test (shell) of a microfossil (radiolarian or foraminifer), a phosphatized shark tooth, basalt debris or even fragments of earlier nodules.olymetallic nodules. The chemical composition of nodules varies according to the kind of manganese minerals and the size and characteristics of the core. Those of greatest economic interest contain manganese (27-30%), nickel (1.25-1.5 %), copper (1-1.4 %) and cobalt (0.2-0.25 %). | Manganese is a transition metal. The transition metals are the large block of elements in the middle of the periodic table. The periodic table is a chart that shows how chemical elements are related to each other. The transition metals make up Rows 4 through 7 in Groups 3 through 12 of the periodic table. | eng_Latn | 3,489 |
what is calcium apatite | Hydroxylapatite, also called hydroxyapatite (HA), is a naturally occurring mineral form of calcium apatite with the formula Ca 5 (PO 4) 3 (OH), but is usually written Ca 10 (PO 4) 6 (OH) 2 to denote that the crystal unit cell comprises two entities.Hydroxylapatite is the hydroxyl endmember of the complex apatite group.The OH â ion can be replaced by fluoride, chloride or carbonate, producing fluorapatite or chlorapatite. It crystallizes in the hexagonal crystal system.ydroxylapatite is the hydroxyl endmember of the complex apatite group. The OH â ion can be replaced by fluoride, chloride or carbonate, producing fluorapatite or chlorapatite. It crystallizes in the hexagonal crystal system. | Apatite is a mineral that is often mistaken for other minerals. This tendency is reflected in the mineral's name, which is derived from the Greek word αÏαÏείν (apatein), which means to deceive or to be misleading. Apatite is one of a few minerals produced and used by biological micro-environmental systems.Apatite is the defining mineral for 5 on the Mohs scale.Hydroxyapatite, also known as hydroxylapatite, is the major component of tooth enamel and bone mineral.patite is one of a few minerals produced and used by biological micro-environmental systems. Apatite is the defining mineral for 5 on the Mohs scale. | eng_Latn | 3,490 |
what fertilizer is p | Labeling of macronutrient fertilizers[edit] Macronutrient fertilizers are generally labeled with an NPK analysis, based on the relative content of the chemical elements nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) that are commonly used in fertilizers. | The analysis on a bag of fertilizer tells you what's in it, including the N-P-K. Here, that ratio is 28-0-8. David Beaulieu. NPK stands for nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, the three nutrients that compose complete fertilizers (see below). | eng_Latn | 3,491 |
what is a phosphorus index | / The Phosphorus Index. The Phosphorus Index is a tool used to assess the potential for phosphorus (P) to move from agricultural fields to surface water. It uses an integrated approach that considers soil and landscape features as well as soil conservation and P management practices in individual fields. | Requirement: Phosphorus is one of the essential minerals required for human body to be fit & healthy body. Every day we must consume about 800mg of phosphorous, as it is a mineral which performs various body functions.equirement: Phosphorus is one of the essential minerals required for human body to be fit & healthy body. Every day we must consume about 800mg of phosphorous, as it is a mineral which performs various body functions. | eng_Latn | 3,492 |
which mineral is a component of ATP | Beyond compounds built from these four most common elements, the rest of the bodyâs contents is made up of minerals. Magnesium is a macro-mineral, which, unlike trace minerals, is needed by the body in large amounts. Calcium, sodium, and potassium are also macro-minerals.The average human body contains about 25 grams of magnesium, one of the six essential minerals that must be supplied in the diet.eyond compounds built from these four most common elements, the rest of the bodyâs contents is made up of minerals. Magnesium is a macro-mineral, which, unlike trace minerals, is needed by the body in large amounts. Calcium, sodium, and potassium are also macro-minerals. | Best Answer: ATP = Adenosine triphosphate It is made up of adenine (a nitrogen base found also in DNA and RNA), ribose sugar, and three phosphate groups. The phosphate groups are easy to remember because of the triphosphate in the name of ATP (tri = three, phosphate = phosphate).The energy that ATP holds is stored between the second and third phosphate groups.he phosphate groups are easy to remember because of the triphosphate in the name of ATP (tri = three, phosphate = phosphate). The energy that ATP holds is stored between the second and third phosphate groups. | eng_Latn | 3,493 |
what does phosphorus mean | Phosphorus is a mineral that combines with other substances to form organic and inorganic phosphate compounds. The terms phosphorus and phosphate are often used interchangeably when talking about testing, but it is the amount of inorganic phosphate in the blood that is measured with a serum phosphorus/phosphate test. | Phosphorus is one of the 16 essential nutrients that plants need for growth and reproduction. Phosphorus is considered one of the three major nutrients. They are termed major nutrients because of the relatively large amounts utilized by plants and the frequency with which their deficiencies limit plant growth. | eng_Latn | 3,494 |
THE DISTRIBUTION OF HETEROCHROMATIN IN THE GENUS NICOTIANA (SOLANACEAE) | A B S T RA CT A survey of the species of the genus Nicotiana was carried out to determine the distribution and the cytological characteristics of heterochromatin in this genus. All examined species of the genus possess knob-type heterochromatin, which is defined as spherical, densely staining regions of the pachytene chromosomes. These knobs are most frequently located near the centromere, the nucleolar organizer, and the ends of the chromosomes. Block-type heterochromatin, defined as any longer-than-broad heterochromatic segment seen at pachytene, was found in three species of the section Paniculatae, three species of the section Tomentosae, and two species of the section Noctiflorae. Three categories of the block-type heterochromatin, corresponding to the three subgenera, were found to differ with respect to overall size, staining properties, and location of the blocks. The distribution of these three types of block heterochromatin is discussed in the light of the latest taxonomic treatments of the genus. | In this paper the application of a new nano-silica in concrete is studied. This nano-silica is produced by the dissolution of olivine. The production of nano-silica by the olivine route is a cheaper method than the commercial methods (neutralization of sodium silicate solutions and the flame hydrolysis) because of the low cost of raw materials and the low energy requirements. The produced nano-silica has a specific surface area between 100-400 m2/g, primary particles between 10 to 25 nm (agglomerated in clusters), and an SiO2 content above 95 %. In addition, the pozzolanic properties and the dispersion state of the nano-silica were studied. From these results it is concluded that olivine nano-silica can be applied successfully in concrete because of its high pozzolanic activity. | yue_Hant | 3,495 |
A nomenclature system for granular phosphate rocks according to depositional texture | Abstract Because of their striking textural similarities to carbonates, a nomenclatural scheme for the classification and interpretation of phosphate sediments is proposed based on the Dunham/Embry and Klovan classification for carbonate rocks. Allochemical phosphate rocks and phosphorites comprise orthochems and allochems: matrix, cement, ooids, bioclasts, intraclasts, and lithoclasts. To distinguish such components, and their resulting rocks, as being phosphatic a ‘phos’ prefix is proposed (i.e. phosclast-mudstone, phosclast-wackestone, phosclast-packstone etc.). This classification/nomenclature emphasizes fabrics as well as palaeoenvironmental criteria. | ABSTRACTPolycrystalline materials like Cu–Pb alloy consist of four types of microstructural components, including grain cells, grain boundaries, triple junctions and vertex points, the mechanical p... | eng_Latn | 3,496 |
Synthesis and characterization of nanosized-silica gels formed under controlled conditions | Abstract Silica gel has been synthesized by the refluxing of rice husk ash with 1 M NaOH and subsequently adjusting the pH using 1 M H 2 SO 4 . The high purity of the silica gel has been found to be dependent on: (i) reflux time, (ii) water loading by addition of boiling DI water to the silica gel prior to titration with 1 M H 2 SO 4 and (iii) rinse time on removal of impurities prior to drying. The surface area, pore size and volume of the silica gel were measured; XRD peaks of Na 2 SO 4 impurity were absent after rinsing > 4 times. FTIR spectra showed that all the silica gels made by different schedules had a similar functional composition. The advantages of the present synthesis route are (i) a cost reduction due to the absence of pre-treatment for the rice husks before calcination below 700 °C, and (ii) the formation of a pure high surface area mesoporous amorphous silica gel. | The objective of this study was to determine the As and Sb contents in soils from the Murcia Region of Spain and the possible relationship between the mineralogical composition, soil properties, and As and Sb concentrations. In this study, 490 samples were selected from areas with different characteristics in order to study As and Sb variability. Results show that As and Sb concentrations are positively correlated with the phyllosilicate and quartz content but negatively correlated with the calcite content. The generic reference level (GRL) for these elements was determined according to the Spanish legislation. Established GRL values vary according to the established mineralogical groups, suggesting that GRL has to be determined considering the lithological characteristics of the study area. | eng_Latn | 3,497 |
SOME INTERDICIPLINARY ASPECTS OF MINERALOGY | This paper gives a brief discussion of three problems related to the inter disciplinary aspects of mineralogy: (1) The relationship between the external forms and internal microscopic structures of crystals is traced historically, with special emphasis on calaverite whose indexing difficulty leads to incommensurately modulated structure, a kind of quasiperiodic structure. (2) The real structure (including imperfections and heterogeneous phase) of mineral crystals has been found to be a fertile field and of immense potential for mineralogy. (3) The study of internal periodic structure of opals in the scale of microns gave a first instance of mesoscopic periodic structure, and influenced materials science of the fabrication of photonic crystals and nanostrctures. | ABSTRACTNavigation using geophysical information is often implemented on underwater vehicles to correct the position errors of inertial navigation system. In this paper, we fuse the information of ... | yue_Hant | 3,498 |
Interplay between Calcite, Amorphous Calcium Carbonate, and Intracrystalline Organics in Sea Urchin Skeletal Elements | Biomineralization processes in living organisms result in the formation of skeletal elements with complex ultrastructures. Although the formation pathways in sea urchin larvae are relatively well known, the interrelation between calcite, amorphous calcium carbonate (ACC), and intracrystalline organics in adult sea urchin biominerals is less clear. Here, we study this interplay in the spines and test plates of the Paracentrotus lividus sea urchins. Thermogravimetric analysis coupled with differential scanning calorimetry or mass spectrometry measurements, nuclear magnetic resonance technique, and high-resolution powder X-ray diffraction show that pristine spines and test plates are composed of Mg-rich calcite and comprise about 1.2 to 1.6 wt % organics, 10 wt % of anhydrous ACC and less than 0.2 wt % of water. Anhydrous ACC originates from incomplete crystallization of a precursor ACC phase during biomineralization and is associated with intracrystalline organics at the molecular level. Molecular interacti... | Investigation and analysis of engineering-geological conditions for 5 airports in North China, chemical analysis, petrographical facies analysis, electron microscope and X-Ray analysis of the properties and constituents of the concrete aggregate and product of its erosion, soil and water were carried out. An arrest reaction of alkaline concrete aggregate with coal cinder powder was tested. The preliminary vesut shows that preferred engineering-geological conditions and isolation layer design are the effective way to controlling the concrete aggregate erosion. | eng_Latn | 3,499 |
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