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when did the self balancing scooter come out | Self-balancing scooter A self-balancing scooter (also hoverboard, self-balancing board) is a self-balancing personal transporter consisting of two motorized wheels connected to a pair of articulated pads on which the rider places their feet. The rider controls the speed by leaning forwards or backwards, and direction of travel by twisting the pads. Invented in its current form in early 2013, the device is the subject of complex patent disputes. Volume manufacture started in China in 2014 and early units were prone to catch fire due to an overheating battery which resulted in product recalls in 2016, including one of 500,000 units | improvements in design, the UL-approved Swagtron was launched in the United States. However, the danger of self-balance board have continued as there were several houses that caught on fire due to these devices in 2017. Self-balancing scooter A self-balancing scooter (also hoverboard, self-balancing board) is a self-balancing personal transporter consisting of two motorized wheels connected to a pair of articulated pads on which the rider places their feet. The rider controls the speed by leaning forwards or backwards, and direction of travel by twisting the pads. Invented in its current form in early 2013, the device is the subject of | eng_Latn | 3,109,553 |
when was the first front load washer made | bucket has been filled by driving the loader forwards into the pile of material, the rocker mechanism throws the contents over the top of the machine and into a wagon behind. Once full, the loaded wagon can be taken away and replaced with an empty one to allow loading to continue. On 28 May 1937, Edwin Burton Royle applied for a patent as inventor of the "loading machine" and US Patent No. 2,134,582 was issued on October 25, 1938 and assigned to the Eastern Iron Metals Company (later to be known as EIMCO). In 2000, the American Society of Mechanical | of Ware Machine Works, Ware, MA, developed the first 4-bar linkage to achieve greater bucket digging and dumping rotation. Pilch filed for patent #2,678,741 in September 1950. The 4-bar linkages were also used on the Wain-Roy backhoes after 1954. The first hydraulic wheel loader was invented by Frank G. Hough in the mid-1940s under patents 2,782,946 and 2,726,778. The first Tractor Loader Backhoe was a Wain-Roy backhoe mounted to a Frank G. Hough model "HE" in 1952 in Holden, Massachusetts, US, for the Holden Water Department. The F.G. Hough Company was a subsidiary of the International Harvester Company. By early | eng_Latn | 3,109,554 |
what was the name of led zeppelin 's private jet | from 1977 through 1979 until it went into storage at Luton Airport. It was dismantled for parts starting in July 1982. The Starship The Starship was a former United Airlines Boeing 720 passenger jet, bought by Bobby Sherman and his manager, Ward Sylvester, and leased to touring musical artists in the mid-1970s. "The Starship", N7201U (S/N: 17907), was the first Boeing 720 built. It was delivered to United Airlines on October 1960 and then purchased in 1973 by Contemporary Entertainment. English rock band Led Zeppelin used the aircraft for their 1973 and 1975 North American concert tours. During the 1972 | Caesar's Chariot Caesar's Chariot was a former United Airlines Boeing 720 passenger jet which was chartered by English rock band Led Zeppelin for their 1977 concert tour of North America. The plane, N7224U (S/N: 18077), was rolled out from the assembly line on December 12, 1961 and its first flight was on January 16, 1962. It was delivered to United Airlines on April 10, and in 1975 was purchased by Desert Palace Inc. and then by Todd Leasing in March 1975, when it was named "Caesars Chariot". "Caesar's Chariot" was hired by Led Zeppelin in 1977 from Caesars Palace Hotel | eng_Latn | 3,109,555 |
when was the first airbag put in a car | airbag module deployments are triggered through a pyrotechnic process that is designed to be used once. Newer side-impact airbag modules consist of compressed air cylinders that are triggered in the event of a side on vehicle impact. The first commercial designs were introduced in passenger automobiles during the 1970s with limited success and actually caused some fatalities. Broad commercial adoption of airbags occurred in many markets during the late 1980s and early 1990s with a driver airbag, and a front passenger airbag as well on some cars; and many modern vehicles now include six or more units. Airbags are considered | from the automotive industry. The airbag specified for automobile use traces its origins to air-filled bladders as early as 1951. The invention is credited independently to the American John W. Hetrick who filed for an airbag patent on August 5, 1952 that was granted #2,649,311 by the United States Patent Office on 18 August 1953. German engineer Walter Linderer who filed German patent #896,312 on 6 October 1951 was issued on 12 November 1953, approximately three months after American John Hetrick. Hetrick and Linderer's airbags were both based on a compressed air system, either released by spring, bumper contact or | eng_Latn | 3,109,556 |
in mvc pattern design the m component is related to | Alto Research Center (PARC) in the 1970s. In the 1980s, Jim Althoff and others implemented a version of MVC for the Smalltalk-80 class library. Only later did a 1988 article in "The Journal of Object Technology" (JOT) express MVC as a general concept. The MVC pattern has subsequently evolved, giving rise to variants such as hierarchical model–view–controller (HMVC), model–view–adapter (MVA), model–view–presenter (MVP), model–view–viewmodel (MVVM), and others that adapted MVC to different contexts. The use of the MVC pattern in web applications exploded in popularity after the introduction of NeXT's WebObjects in 1996, which was originally written in Objective-C (that borrowed | popularity for applications in the fields of analog and digital I/O, instrumentation, robotics, motion functions and fieldbuses. This standard was originally developed in Germany by MEN Mikro Elektronik for VMEbus applications and was soon expanded to support the CompactPCI bus as well. It has been embraced as ANSI/VITA 12-1996. In addition to the single wide form shown, M-Modules can be developed in double, triple and quadruple wide configurations. Because of the standard's genesis in the VME world it is sized such that 4 fit in a 6U module and 2 in a 3U module. Conveniently, because of the way other | eng_Latn | 3,109,557 |
what does it mean to jackknife a trailer | could slide into a ditch. This situation can occur especially when the trailer is empty or lightly loaded, and weather conditions cause violent gusts of crosswind. Jackknifing Jackknifing refers to the folding of an articulated vehicle so that it resembles the acute angle of a folding pocket knife. If a vehicle towing a trailer skids, the trailer can push the towing vehicle from behind until it spins the vehicle around and faces backwards. This may be caused by equipment failure, improper braking, or adverse road conditions such as an icy road surface. In extreme circumstances, a driver may attempt to | ways: In Eurasia the overall dimensions are similar, as modern container palletization has forced standardization in the dimensional domain globally. Pallet jack A pallet jack, also known as a pallet truck, pallet pump, pump truck, dog, or jigger is a tool used to lift and move pallets. Pallet jacks are the most basic form of a forklift and are intended to move heavy or light pallets within a warehouse. The jack is steered by a 'tiller' like lever that also acts as the pump handle for raising the jack. A small handle on the tiller releases the hydraulic fluid, causing | eng_Latn | 3,109,558 |
what do the british call a garbage truck | linking heavy manual lifting with musculoskeletal disorders; some government organisations, schools and companies now prohibit emptying bins by hand. Health and safety concerns have also driven the adoption of bin tippers in the manufacturing, food-processing and construction industries. Garbage truck Garbage truck or dustcart refers to a truck specially designed to collect municipal solid waste and haul the collected waste to a solid waste treatment facility such as a landfill. Other common names for this type of truck include trash truck in the United States, and rubbish truck, junk truck, dumpster, bin wagon, dustbin lorry, bin lorry or bin van | (not the truck itself) include McNeilus, and Heil. Wagons and other means had been used for centuries to haul away solid waste. Among the first self-propelled garbage trucks were those ordered by Chiswick District Council from the Thornycroft Steam Wagon and Carriage Company in 1897 described as a steam motor tip-car, a new design of body specific for "the collection of dust and house refuse". The 1920s saw the first open-topped trucks being used, but due to foul odors and waste falling from the back, covered vehicles soon became more common. These covered trucks were first introduced in more densely | eng_Latn | 3,109,559 |
what is the full name of jcb machine | JCB (company) J.C. Bamford Excavators Limited, universally known as JCB, is an English multinational corporation, with headquarters in Rocester, Staffordshire, manufacturing equipment for construction, agriculture, waste handling and demolition. It produces over 300 types of machines, including diggers (backhoes), excavators, tractors and diesel engines. It has 22 factories across Asia, Europe, North America and South America; its products are sold in over 150 countries. JCB was founded in 1945 by Joseph Cyril Bamford, after whom it is named; it continues to be owned by the Bamford family. In the UK, India and Ireland, the word "JCB" is often used colloquially | as a generic description for mechanical diggers and excavators and now appears in the "Oxford English Dictionary", although it is still held as a trademark. JCB was founded by Joseph Cyril Bamford in October 1945 in Uttoxeter, Staffordshire, England. He rented a lock-up garage . In it, using a welding set which he bought second-hand for £1 from English Electric, he made his first vehicle, a tipping trailer from war-surplus materials. The trailer's sides and floor were made from steel sheet that had been part of air raid shelters. On the same day as his son Anthony was born, he | eng_Latn | 3,109,560 |
what does m / y stand for on a ship | Luxury yacht A luxury yacht, also known as a superyacht or megayacht, is a large and very expensive professionally-crewed sailing or motor yacht. There is no industry-wide definition of a luxury yacht. However, there is a legal distinction between yachts above and below, as in some countries those above 24 meters must have a permanent crew onboard. This term began to appear at the beginning of the 20th century, when wealthy individuals constructed large private yachts for personal pleasure, such as Charles Henry Fletcher's "Jemima F. III", at 111 feet, the largest motor-powered yacht in the world in 1908. More | digit of the number is determined by the ships "power tonnage," defined as the sum of its shaft horsepower and gross international tonnage, as follows: The second and third digits are assigned to create a unique three-digit hull number. Hull classification symbol The United States Navy, United States Coast Guard, and United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) use a hull classification symbol (sometimes called hull code or hull number) to identify their ships by type and by individual ship within a type. The system is analogous to the pennant number system that the Royal Navy and other European | eng_Latn | 3,109,561 |
when was the first full suspension mountain bike made | accessed from the top, technology which was originally used for suspension on early motorcycles. Bicycles with rear suspension typically also have front suspension. Recumbent bicycles with suspension are an exception and often employ rear-only suspension. Mountain bike suspension technology has made great advances since first appearing in the early 1990s. Early full suspension frames were heavy and tended to bounce up and down while a rider pedaled. This movement was called pedal bob, kickback, or monkey motion and took power out of a rider's pedal stroke — especially during climbs up steep hills. Input from hard braking efforts also negatively | require specialised tools, and some problems can be difficult to diagnose. Hydraulically actuated suspensions are controlled with the use of hydraulics. The first example appeared in 1954, with the Hydropneumatic suspension developed by Paul Magès at Citroën. The hydraulic pressure is supplied by a high pressure radial piston hydraulic pump. Sensors continually monitor body movement and vehicle ride level, constantly supplying the hydraulic height correctors with new data. In a matter of a few seconds, the suspension generates counter forces to raise or lower the body. During driving maneuvers, the encased nitrogen compresses instantly, offering six times the compressibility of | eng_Latn | 3,109,562 |
which type of break is most common in commercial vehicles | Disc brake A disc brake is a type of brake that uses calipers to squeeze pairs of pads against a disc or "rotor" to create friction. This action retards the rotation of a shaft, such as a vehicle axle, either to reduce its rotational speed or to hold it stationary. The energy of motion is converted into waste heat which must be dispersed. Hydraulically actuated disc brakes are the most commonly used form of brake for motor vehicles, but the principles of a disc brake are applicable to almost any rotating shaft. Development of disc-type brakes began in England in | longer break in the engines of their own vehicles after purchasing a car or motorcycle, because the process is done in production. It is still common, even today, to find that an owner's manual recommends gentle use at first (often specified as the first 500 or 1000 kilometres or miles). But it is usually only normal use without excessive demands that is specified, as opposed to light/limited use. For example, the manual will specify that the car be driven normally, but not in excess of the highway speed limit. The goal of modern engine break-ins is the settling of piston | eng_Latn | 3,109,563 |
what does it mean to be in the catbird seat | Catbird seat "The catbird seat" is an American English idiomatic phrase used to describe an enviable position, often in terms of having the upper hand or greater advantage in any type of dealing among parties. According to the "Oxford English Dictionary", the first recorded usage occurred in a 1942 humorous short story by James Thurber titled "The Catbird Seat," which features a character, Mrs. Barrows, who likes to use the phrase. Another character, Joey Hart, explains that Mrs. Barrows must have picked up the expression from Red Barber, the baseball broadcaster, and that to Barber "sitting in the catbird seat" | seats, or inside the armrest which folds out in most first class, business class, bulkhead, and exit row seats. Most airline seats also feature a pocket which may contain an in-flight magazine and safety instructions. On small and short-haul aircraft, or on low-cost carriers, some of these amenities may not be installed. For instance, on several aircraft, Ryanair has installed non-reclining seats without seat pockets with the safety manuals stitched to the seat back instead. Even on airliners with reclining seats, some seats may have a restricted recline or no recline. Typically this will be the rear row of the | eng_Latn | 3,109,564 |
the number of shafts provided in heavy duty vehicles gear box is normally | especially in cars. There are usually three shafts: a mainshaft, a countershaft, and an idler shaft. The mainshaft extends outside the case in both directions: the input shaft towards the engine, and the output shaft towards the rear axle (on rear wheel drive cars. Front wheel drives generally have the engine and transmission mounted transversely, the differential being part of the transmission assembly.) The shaft is suspended by the main bearings, and is split towards the input end. At the point of the split, a pilot bearing holds the shafts together. The gears and clutches ride on the mainshaft, the | final drives in both axles. This split the drive to the two axles and may also have included reduction gears, a dog clutch or differential. At least two drive shafts were used, one from the transfer case to each axle. In some larger vehicles, the transfer box was centrally mounted and was itself driven by a short drive shaft. In vehicles the size of a Land Rover, the drive shaft to the front axle is noticeably shorter and more steeply articulated than the rear shaft, making it a more difficult engineering problem to build a reliable drive shaft, and which | eng_Latn | 3,109,565 |
what is the purpose of a leaf spring | Leaf spring A leaf spring is a simple form of spring commonly used for the suspension in wheeled vehicles. Originally called a "laminated" or "carriage spring", and sometimes referred to as a semi-elliptical spring or cart spring, it is one of the oldest forms of springing, appearing on carriages in England after 1750 and from there migrating to France and Germany. A leaf spring takes the form of a slender arc-shaped length of spring steel of rectangular cross-section. In the most common configuration, the center of the arc provides location for the axle, while loops formed at either end provide | for attaching to the vehicle chassis. For very heavy vehicles, a leaf spring can be made from several leaves stacked on top of each other in several layers, often with progressively shorter leaves. Leaf springs can serve locating and to some extent damping as well as springing functions. While the interleaf friction provides a damping action, it is not well controlled and results in stiction in the motion of the suspension. For this reason, some manufacturers have used mono-leaf springs. A leaf spring can either be attached directly to the frame at both ends or attached directly at one end, | eng_Latn | 3,109,566 |
how high is the rope climb in air assault school | Point in 1936. Among his classmates was William P. Yarborough. More than 200 soldiers volunteered to make up the first platoon of paratroopers. Ryder was selected through a competitive written exam that was scheduled to take two hours. He finished it in 45 minutes while still earning the top score. The second highest scorer was Lt. James A. Bassett who thus became the assistant platoon leader. The platoon billeted at Lawson Army Air Field near Ft. Benning. Ryder is credited with creating "Ryder's Death Ride" a 34-foot tower from which trainees practiced jumping. After completing a rigorous conditioning and training | designed to assess a student’s upper body strength, agility, endurance, confidence, and ability to perform at heights without displaying fear or distress. This test is critical in determining if a student will be able to complete Air Assault School without becoming a safety risk to themselves, instructors, or other students during the tough and demanding training events conducted throughout the course. There are nine total obstacles. There are two obstacles that are considered mandatory, and failing one of the two will result in being dropped from the course. The other seven are minor obstacles, and the Air Assault prospect is | eng_Latn | 3,109,567 |
who made the first helicopter in the world | airframe to hold it steady. For this reason, the flights of the Gyroplane No. 1 are considered to be the first manned flight of a helicopter, but not a free or untethered flight. That same year, fellow French inventor Paul Cornu designed and built a Cornu helicopter that used two counter-rotating rotors driven by a Antoinette engine. On 13 November 1907, it lifted its inventor to and remained aloft for 20 seconds. Even though this flight did not surpass the flight of the Gyroplane No. 1, it was reported to be the first truly free flight with a pilot. Cornu's | scientific knowledge increased and became more accepted, people continued to pursue the idea of vertical flight. In July 1754, Russian Mikhail Lomonosov had developed a small coaxial modeled after the Chinese top but powered by a wound-up spring device and demonstrated it to the Russian Academy of Sciences. It was powered by a spring, and was suggested as a method to lift meteorological instruments. In 1783, Christian de Launoy, and his mechanic, Bienvenu, used a coaxial version of the Chinese top in a model consisting of contrarotating turkey flight feathers as rotor blades, and in 1784, demonstrated it to the | eng_Latn | 3,109,568 |
when did they get rid of the caboose | railroad car design, the brake van, was used on British and Commonwealth railways. These provided the additional function of serving as a supplemental braking system for trains not fitted with a continuous braking system, and keeping chain couplings taut. Cabooses were used on every freight train until the 1980s, when safety laws requiring the presence of cabooses and full crews were relaxed. Developments in monitoring and safety technology such as lineside defect detectors and end-of-train devices resulted in crew reductions and the phasing out of caboose cars. Nowadays, they are generally only used on rail maintenance or hazardous materials trains, | trains that a train is ahead. With the introduction of the ETD, the conductor moved up to the front of the train with the engineer. A 1982 Presidential Emergency Board convened under the Railway Labor Act directed United States railroads to begin eliminating caboose cars where possible to do so. A legal exception was the state of Virginia, which had a 1911 law mandating cabooses on the ends of trains, until the law's final repeal in 1988. With this exception aside, year by year, cabooses started to fade away. Very few cabooses remain in operation today, though they are still | eng_Latn | 3,109,569 |
a bridge too far where was it filmed | were flown by members of the "Gilze Rijen Aero Club", which also provided an Auster III, PH-NGK, which depicted an Auster V, RT607, in wartime camouflage. Spitfire Mk. IX, MH434, depicting a photo reconnaissance variant, coded AC-S, was lent by the Hon. Patrick Lindsay, and was flown by aerobatic champion Neil Williams. Finding sufficient American tanks, jeeps, and trucks of WWII vintage was just possible as many of the vehicles were being discarded from European military (almost entirely reserve) units especially from Greece and Turkey. The scenes around the "Arnhem" bridge were actually shot in Deventer, where a similar bridge | high riverbank, with her father, an elderly doctor, pulling a few salvaged possessions in a cart. Air filming was done in the first weeks of September 1976, culminating in a series of air drops of a total of 1,000 men, together with the dropping of supplies from a number of Dakota aircraft. The Dakotas were gathered by the film company Joseph E. Levine Presents Incorporated. All aircraft were required to be CAA (Civil Aviation Authority) or FAA (Federal Aviation Administration) registered and licensed to carry passengers. An original deal for the purchase of ten fell through when two airframes were | eng_Latn | 3,109,570 |
how many nuclear armed submarines does the us have | for battleships and nuclear missile submarines. The final 23 boats in the "Los Angeles" class, referred to as "688i" boats, are quieter than their predecessors and incorporate a more advanced combat system. These 688i boats are also designed for under-ice operations: their diving planes are on the bow rather than on the sail, and they have reinforced sails. The U.S. has 18 "Ohio"-class submarines, of which 14 are Trident II SSBNs (Ship, Submersible, Ballistic, Nuclear), each capable of carrying 24 SLBMs. The first four which were all equipped with the older Trident I missiles have been converted to SSGN's each | Ohio-class submarine The "Ohio" class of nuclear-powered submarines is the sole class of ballistic missile submarines (SSBN) currently in service with the United States Navy. Fourteen of the eighteen boats are SSBNs, which, along with U.S. Air Force strategic bombers and intercontinental ballistic missiles, constitute the nuclear-deterrent triad of the U.S. The remaining four have been converted from their initial roles as SSBNs to cruise missile submarines (SSGNs). The "Ohio"-class boats, each displacing 18,750 tons submerged, are the third largest submarines in the world, behind the 48,000-ton Typhoon class and 24,000-ton "Borei" class of the Russian Navy. The "Ohio" class | eng_Latn | 3,109,571 |
when was the first airbag installed in a car | from the automotive industry. The airbag specified for automobile use traces its origins to air-filled bladders as early as 1951. The invention is credited independently to the American John W. Hetrick who filed for an airbag patent on August 5, 1952 that was granted #2,649,311 by the United States Patent Office on 18 August 1953. German engineer Walter Linderer who filed German patent #896,312 on 6 October 1951 was issued on 12 November 1953, approximately three months after American John Hetrick. Hetrick and Linderer's airbags were both based on a compressed air system, either released by spring, bumper contact or | claiming that the devices were unfeasible and inappropriate. Chrysler made a driver-side airbag standard on 1988–1989 models, but it was not until the early 1990s that airbags became widespread in American cars. Airbags for passenger cars were introduced in the United States in the mid-1970s, when seat belt usage rates in the country were quite low. Ford built an experimental fleet of cars with airbags in 1971, followed by General Motors in 1973 on Chevrolet vehicles. The early fleet of experimental GM vehicles equipped with airbags experienced seven fatalities, one of which was later suspected to have been caused by | eng_Latn | 3,109,572 |
when did the last trolley bus run in london | post-war vehicles. The former LUT routes were the last to be converted to diesel buses, on 8 May 1962. The trolleybuses were designed and built specifically to be worthy tram replacements. Like the trams, they were large high-capacity double deckers, with rapid acceleration. They had three axles (necessary as 30 feet long), and were much quieter in operation than contemporary trams or diesel buses. Trolleybuses were built on AEC, Leyland and British United Traction chassis. Apart from the Diddlers and a few experimental vehicles, most London trolleybuses were near-identical. There was an exception: in 1941 and 1943 London Transport acquired | The Economist in 1952 suggested a more comprehensive list of reasons for their demise, including: The capital cost of replacing and updating the worn out infrastructure and trams was also seen as prohibitive when compared with the £9 m capital cost of buying buses with a slightly smaller carrying capacity. "Operation Tramaway", the replacement of the tram service by diesel buses, was announced in July 1950 by Lord Latham of the London Transport Executive. Retirement started in October 1950 and London's last trams ran in the early hours of 6 July 1952 to a rousing reception at New Cross Depot. | eng_Latn | 3,109,573 |
how many soldiers can a blackhawk helicopter carry | sling. The Black Hawk helicopter series can perform a wide array of missions, including the tactical transport of troops, electronic warfare, and aeromedical evacuation. A VIP version known as the VH-60N is used to transport important government officials (e.g., Congress, Executive departments) with the helicopter's call sign of "Marine One" when transporting the President of the United States. In air assault operations, it can move a squad of 11 combat troops or reposition a 105 mm M119 howitzer with 30 rounds ammunition, and a four-man crew in a single lift. The Black Hawk is equipped with advanced avionics and electronics | reusable linear brake and expendable speed line and multipurpose cargo bag; when the bag is deployed, the brake applies friction to the rope, slowing it down enough to keep the bag oriented down on the padded base, a honeycomb and foam kit inside to dissipate energy. The ESBS not only better protects helicopter-dropped supplies, it allows the Black Hawk to fly higher above the ground, up from 10 feet, while traveling , limiting exposure to ground fire. Each bag can weigh and up to six can be deployed at once, dropping . Since supplies can be delivered more accurately and | eng_Latn | 3,109,574 |
when did the spitfire go out of service | high altitude to avoid detection and attack. Post-war the Spitfire was to continue to serve as a front line fighter and in secondary roles for several air forces well into the 1950s. The last offensive sorties made by RAF Spitfires were flown by 60 Squadron Mk XVIIIs over Malaya on 1 January 1951. The first Spitfire I to enter service with the RAF arrived at 19 Squadron, Duxford, on 4 August 1938 and over the next few weeks aircraft were delivered at the rate of one a week to 19 and 66 Squadrons (also based at Duxford). The next to | to the fighter-bomber role. Although the later Griffon-engined marks lost some of the favourable handling characteristics of their Merlin-powered predecessors, they could still outmanoeuvre their main German foes and other, later American and British-designed fighters. The final version of the Spitfire, the Mk 24, first flew at South Marston on 13 April 1946. On 20 February 1948, almost twelve years from the prototype's first flight, the last production Spitfire, "VN496", left the production line. Spitfire Mk 24s were used by only one regular RAF unit, with 80 Squadron replacing their Hawker Tempests with F Mk 24s in 1947. With these | eng_Latn | 3,109,575 |
what was the purpose of the zeppelin in ww1 | to four tons of bombs and reach speeds of up to , powered by six Maybach engines. In 1917, following losses to air defences over Britain, new designs were produced which were capable of flying at much higher altitudes, typically operating at around . This was achieved by reducing the weight of the airship by reducing the weight of the structure, halving the bomb load, deleting the defensive armament and by reducing the number of engines to five. However these were not successful as bombers: the greater height at which they operated greatly hindered navigation, and their reduced power made | other metals— its exact content was kept a secret for years). Early Zeppelins used rubberised cotton for the gasbags, but most later craft used goldbeater's skin, made from the intestines of cattle. The first Zeppelins had long cylindrical hulls with tapered ends and complex multi-plane fins. During World War I, following the lead of their rivals Schütte-Lanz Luftschiffbau, the design changed to the more familiar streamlined shape with cruciform tail surfaces, as used by almost all later airships. They were propelled by several engines, mounted in gondolas or engine cars, which were attached to the outside of the structural framework. | eng_Latn | 3,109,576 |
when was the last b 52 bomber built | B-52G, it was decided in 1957 to transfer all production to Wichita, which freed up Seattle for other tasks (in particular the production of airliners). Production ended in 1962 with the B-52H, with 742 aircraft built, plus the original two prototypes. A proposed variant of the B-52H was the EB-52H, which would have consisted of 16 modified and augmented B-52H airframes with additional electronic jamming capabilities. This variant would have restored USAF airborne jamming capability that it lost on retiring the EF-111 Raven. The program was canceled in 2005 following the removal of funds for the stand-off jammer. The program | until it was disestablished in 1992 and its aircraft absorbed into the Air Combat Command (ACC); in 2010 all B-52 Stratofortresses were transferred from the ACC to the newly created Air Force Global Strike Command (AFGSC). Superior performance at high subsonic speeds and relatively low operating costs have kept the B-52 in service despite the advent of later, more advanced aircraft, including the canceled Mach 3 B-70 Valkyrie, the variable-geometry B-1 Lancer, and the stealth B-2 Spirit. The B-52 completed sixty years of continuous service with its original operator in 2015. After being upgraded between 2013 and 2015, it is | eng_Latn | 3,109,577 |
how many points on new york drivers license | then "AB", "AC", all the way to "AZ", at which point the letters progress to "BA", "BB", "BC", etc. The license plates retain the previous numbers as a livery cab. The New York City Police Department operates a fleet of five undercover taxis. These vehicles operate with medallions beginning with either 2W or 6Y. Medallions were first issued in 1937 when the city created a licensing scheme, setting the number of cabs at 11,787. This number remained fixed until 1996. Because the medallion system artificially restricts the number of cabs, it has been criticized as an entry barrier to the | to be interspersed with letters and some types like commercial, trailer and motorcycle vanity (six characters) plates were introduced. Since 1982 NY special registration plates have been available on all subsequent plate issues and has expanded into the NYS DMV's Custom Plate program. Motorists may select up to eight characters on a vanity plate: Personalized serial formats in New York are electronically printed directly onto the plate, as opposed to the randomly assigned, default serial numbers, which are embossed onto the front of the plate. Any plate combination that is in use cannot be assigned as a vanity plate. For | eng_Latn | 3,109,578 |
when was the first intercity 125 train launched | Deltics to lesser workings and reduced the London-Edinburgh journey time by up to an hour. Production of HSTs continued until 1982, allowing them to take over services from London to the West Country, on the Cross Country Route and latterly on the Midland Main Line, serving destinations such as London, Bristol, Edinburgh, as far south as Penzance and as far north as Aberdeen and Inverness. Ninety-five HST sets, including 197 Class 43 powercars, were built between 1976 and 1982. More Mark 3 trailer cars were built in the 1980s for the Western Region Class 253s, making them eight-car rakes in | InterCity 125 The InterCity 125 (also referred to as the High Speed Train) is a diesel-powered passenger train built by British Rail Engineering Limited between 1975 and 1982. Each is made up of two Class 43 power cars, one at each end of six to nine Mark 3 carriages. The name is derived from its top operational speed of . Initially the sets were classified as Classes 253 and 254. As of July 2018, InterCity 125s remained in service with CrossCountry, East Midlands Trains, Great Western Railway, London North Eastern Railway and Network Rail. Most of those operating with GWR | eng_Latn | 3,109,579 |
when did the last tram run in hull | motorbus service the remaining tram routes were replaced by trolleybus operation between 1936 and 1945. The final tram ran on 30 June 1945; the journey celebrated by the tram being illuminated by 800 lights, accompanied by local grandees and with several tens of thousands of local people along the path. The Wheeler Street, Cottingham Road, Liverpool Street and Aberdeen Street depots were re-used for the trolley buses. Further extension of the trolleybus system were proposed and authorised but none were built. Fifteen trams were acquired in 1898, and another thirty in 1899; these trams were open top dual deck vehicles. | number 132 is on display at the Streetlife Museum of Transport in Hull, Tram number 96 is preserved and modified as a single deck vehicle at the Heaton Park Tramway, Manchester. In 2018 a short section of track has survived at the Anlaby Road entrance to the former Wheeler Street Depot, additionally the offices of the Cottingham Road depot, and the original horse tram depot at Jesmond Gardens, Holderness Road are still extant. At the town outskirts the reserved track sections were built on a central reservation; these sections on Anlaby, Holderness, Hessle and Beverley Road were converted to dual | eng_Latn | 3,109,580 |
what accounted for british military superiority in the first years of the war | many of the "Jastas" still flew Albatros D types at the time of the armistice. The rotary engined Fokker D.VIII and Siemens-Schuckert D.IV, as well as surviving Fokker Triplanes, suffered from poor reliability and shortened engine life due to the Voltol-based oil that was used to replace scarce castor oil – captured and salvaged Allied aircraft (especially Sopwith Camels) were scrounged, not only for engines and equipment, but even for their lubricants. Nonetheless, by September casualties in the RFC had reached the highest level since "Bloody April" – and the Allies were maintaining air superiority by weight of numbers rather | were in the process of replacing their early motley array of equipment with Albatros D-series aircraft, armed with twin synchronised MG08s. The D.I and D.II of late 1916 were succeeded by the new Albatros D.III, which was, in spite of structural difficulties, "the best fighting scout on the Western Front" at the time. Meanwhile, most RFC two-seater squadrons still flew the BE.2e, a very minor improvement on the BE.2c, and still fundamentally unsuited to air-to-air combat. This culminated in the rout of April 1917, known as "Bloody April". The RFC (Royal Flying Corps) suffered particularly severe losses, although Trenchard's policy | eng_Latn | 3,109,581 |
when did the a 10 warthog enter service | Fairchild Republic A-10 Thunderbolt II The Fairchild Republic A-10 Thunderbolt II is a single-seat, twin turbofan engine, straight wing jet aircraft developed by Fairchild-Republic for the United States Air Force (USAF). Commonly referred to by the nicknames "Warthog" or "Hog", its official name comes from the Republic P-47 Thunderbolt, a World War II fighter-bomber effective at attacking ground targets. The A-10 was designed for close air support (CAS) of friendly ground troops, attacking armored vehicles and tanks, and providing quick-action support against enemy ground forces. It entered service in 1976 and is the only production-built aircraft that has served in | Kellett XR-10 The Kellett XR-10 was a military transport helicopter developed in the United States in the 1940s that only flew in prototype form. It was designed in response to a USAAF Technical Instruction issued for the development of a helicopter to transport passengers, cargo, or wounded personnel within an enclosed fuselage. Kellett's proposal followed the general layout that the company was developing in the XR-8, with twin intermeshing rotors, and was accepted by the Air Force on 16 October over proposals by Sikorsky, Bell, and Platt-LePage. The XR-10 resembled a scaled-up XR-8, although its twin engines were carried in | eng_Latn | 3,109,582 |
what is the front part of a train called | Locomotive A locomotive or engine is a rail transport vehicle that provides the motive power for a train. If a locomotive is capable of carrying a payload, it is usually rather referred to as multiple units, motor coaches, railcars or power cars; the use of these self-propelled vehicles is increasingly common for passenger trains, but rare for freight (see CargoSprinter and Iron Highway). Traditionally, locomotives pulled trains from the front. However, push-pull operation has become common, where the train may have a locomotive (or locomotives) at the front, at the rear, or at each end. The word locomotive originates from | In addition, because there are only a limited number of rail lines and highways in an area, enemy surveillance can focus on a few areas. And, once located, mobile missiles are more vulnerable than ICBMs in hardened silos. Railroad car A railroad car or railcar (American and Canadian English), railway wagon or railway carriage (British English and UIC), also called a train car or train wagon, is a vehicle used for the carrying of cargo or passengers on a rail transport system (a railroad/railway). Such cars, when coupled together and hauled by one or more locomotives, form a train. Alternatively, | eng_Latn | 3,109,583 |
where are apache helicopters based in the uk | Army Air Corps (United Kingdom) The Army Air Corps (AAC) is a component of the British Army, first formed in 1942 during the Second World War by grouping the various airborne units of the British Army (which are no longer part of the AAC). Today, there are eight regiments (seven Regular Army and one Reserve) of the AAC as well as four Independent Flights and two Independent Squadrons deployed in support of British Army operations across the world. They are located in Britain, Brunei, Canada, and Germany. Some AAC squadrons provide the air assault elements of 16 Air Assault Brigade | one headquarters (1 Regt AAC) and re-locate to RNAS Yeovilton to form a large regiment equipped with the new AgustaWestland Wildcat helicopter. The Regular component of Army Air Corps capability will consist of two regular aviation regiments equipped with Apache, one large regular aviation regiment equipped with Wildcat, and one regular manned aerial surveillance regiment, although the Gazelle out-of-service date is currently 2018 and it has not yet been confirmed whether or how the capability will be replaced. All five squadrons from 1 and 9 AAC will remain. Four squadrons will be the front line Lynx Wildcat squadrons, one (652 | eng_Latn | 3,109,584 |
when did the us first start using drones | 12, the Hewitt-Sperry Automatic Airplane, otherwise known as the "flying bomb" made its first flight, demonstrating the concept of an unmanned aircraft. They were intended for use as "aerial torpedoes" an early version of today's cruise missiles. Control was achieved using gyroscopes developed by Elmer Sperry of the Sperry Gyroscope Company. Later, in November 1917, the Automatic Airplane was flown for representatives of the US Army. This led the army to commission a project to build an "aerial torpedo", resulting in the Kettering Bug which first flew in 1918. While the Bug's revolutionary technology was successful, it was not in | the Globe targets to be built in substantial numbers. It was similar in size and configuration to the BTT series, but had a twin-fin tail. It was redesignated "MQM-40" in the early 1960s, by which time it was generally out of service. The use of drones as decoys goes back to at least the 1950s, with the Northrop Crossbow tested in such a role. The first operational decoy drone was the McDonnell Douglas "ADM-20 Quail", which was carried by Boeing B-52 Stratofortress bombers to help them penetrate defended airspace. By the late 1950s combat aircraft were capable of Mach 2, | eng_Latn | 3,109,585 |
when was the last steam train used in the uk | Fifteen Guinea Special The 1T57 'Fifteen Guinea Special' was the last main-line passenger train to be hauled by steam locomotive power on British Rail on 11 August 1968 before the introduction of a steam ban that started the following day. It was a special rail tour excursion train organised for the occasion from Liverpool via Manchester to Carlisle and back, and was pulled by four different steam locomotives in turn during the four legs of the journey (with two engines sharing the third leg). This was a special excursion. The last scheduled steam-hauled passenger services ran on 3rd August 1968 | Rheidol line). The 1955 Modernisation Plan called for the phasing out of steam traction. Major withdrawals occurred during 1962–1966, and steam traction ended in August 1968, coinciding with the Beeching Axe. Some tank engines were sold to London Transport, where steam traction remained in use until 1971. Steam on industrial lines remained until the 1980s. With regular maintenance, British steam locomotives typically lasted for approximately 30 years of intensive use, before major components would need to be replaced or overhauled. For a steam locomotive built in 1960, the economic lifespan would have led to it being withdrawn in the 1990s. | eng_Latn | 3,109,586 |
name 5 aircraft used by the indian army | plan to import single engine fighters leading to reduction in reliance on imports thereby strengthening the domestic defence industry. The IAF also submitted a request for information to international suppliers for a stealth unmanned combat air vehicle (UCAV) The IAF has placed orders for 120 HAL Tejas fighters, 36 Dassault Rafale multi-role fighters, 112 Pilatus PC-7MkII basic trainers, 72 HAL HJT-36 Sitara trainers, 72 Pipistrel Virus SW 80 microlight aircraft, 10 C-17 Globemaster III strategic air-lifters, 65 HAL Light Combat Helicopters, 139 Mi-17V-5 helicopters. and the IAF has also ordered 18 Israeli SPYDER Surface to Air Missile (SAM) units. IAF | microlight aircraft for basic training purpose. The HAL Dhruv serves primarily as a light utility helicopter in the IAF. In addition to transport and utility roles, newer Dhruvs are also used as attack helicopters. 4 Dhruvs are also operated by the Indian Air Force Sarang Helicopter Display Team. The HAL Chetak is a light utility helicopter and is used primarily for training, rescue and light transport roles in the IAF. The HAL Chetak is being gradually replaced by HAL Dhruv. The HAL Cheetah is a light utility helicopter used for high altitude operations. It is used for both transport and | eng_Latn | 3,109,587 |
what was the first mass produced car to come from the factory with all-wheel steering | year. These were the first American mass production cars to use the complete front-engine, four-wheel drive system. The AMC Eagle was offered as a sedan, coupe, and station wagon with permanent automatic all-wheel-drive passenger models. The new Eagles combined Jeep technology with an existing and proven AMC passenger automobile platform. They ushered a whole new product category of "sport-utility" or crossover SUV. AMC's Eagles came with the comfort and high-level appointments expected of regular passenger models and used the off-road technology for an extra margin of safety and traction. The Eagle's thick viscous fluid center differential provided quiet and smooth | producers followed: Stoewer offered a car with front-wheel drive in 1931, Adler in 1932 and Audi in 1933. In 1934, the very successful Traction Avant cars were introduced by Citroën of France. The Cord 810 of the United States managed a bit better in the late 1930s than its predecessor one decade earlier. These vehicles featured a layout that places the engine behind the transmission, running "backwards," (save for the Cord, which drove the transmission from the front of the engine). The basic front-wheel-drive layout provides sharp turning, and better weight distribution creates "positive handling characteristics" due to its low | eng_Latn | 3,109,588 |
what is the replacement for the lynx helicopter | AgustaWestland AW159 Wildcat The AgustaWestland AW159 Wildcat (previously called the Future Lynx and Lynx Wildcat) is an improved version of the Westland Super Lynx military helicopter designed to serve in the battlefield utility, search and rescue and anti-surface warfare roles. In British service, common variants are being operated by both the Royal Navy and British Army to replace their Lynx Mk.7/8/9 rotorcraft. The AW159 has also been offered to several export customers, and has been ordered by the Republic of Korea Navy and the Philippine Navy. In 1995, the British Government announced that the Royal Navy's existing Westland Lynx helicopters | 2006, the MOD awarded AgustaWestland a £1 billion contract for 70 Future Lynx helicopters as a commitment under the Strategic Partnering Arrangement with AgustaWestland. The programme envisaged providing the British Army with 40 aircraft and Royal Navy with 30, with an option for a further 10, split equally between Army and Navy. By late 2007, the Future Lynx was scheduled to enter service with the British Army and Royal Navy in 2014 and 2015 respectively. In 2008, the cancellation of the Future Lynx programme has reportedly been under consideration. In December 2008, the MOD announced that the main contract would | eng_Latn | 3,109,589 |
when did british airways stop flying the concorde | Concorde The Aérospatiale/BAC Concorde () is a British-French turbojet-powered supersonic passenger airliner that was operated from 1976 until 2003. It had a maximum speed over twice the speed of sound at Mach 2.04 ( at cruise altitude), with seating for 92 to 128 passengers. First flown in 1969, Concorde entered service in 1976 and continued flying for the next 27 years. It is one of only two supersonic transports to have been operated commercially; the other is the Soviet-built Tupolev Tu-144, which operated in passenger service from 1977 to 1978. Concorde was jointly developed and manufactured by Sud Aviation (later | was viewed as lucrative by British Airways and Air France. In 1997, British Airways held a promotional contest to mark the 10th anniversary of the airline's move into the private sector. The promotion was a lottery to fly to New York held for 190 tickets valued at £5,400 each, to be offered at £10. Contestants had to call a special hotline to compete with up to 20 million people. On 10 April 2003, Air France and British Airways simultaneously announced they would retire Concorde later that year. They cited low passenger numbers following the 25 July 2000 crash, the slump | eng_Latn | 3,109,590 |
what does bf stand for in bf 109 | 109 was steadily being supplemented by the Focke-Wulf Fw 190. It was commonly called the Me 109, most often by Allied aircrew and even among the German aces themselves, even though this was not the official German designation. It was designed by Willy Messerschmitt and Robert Lusser, who worked at Bayerische Flugzeugwerke during the early to mid-1930s. Whilst the 109 was conceived as an interceptor, later models were developed to fulfill multiple tasks, serving as bomber escort, fighter-bomber, day-, night-, all-weather fighter, ground-attack aircraft, and as reconnaissance aircraft. It was supplied to and operated by several states during World War | structural changes to accommodate the heavier, but significantly more powerful 1,100 PS (1,085 HP) Daimler-Benz DB 601 engine, heavier armament, and increased fuel capacity. Partly due to its limited 300 km (186 mile) combat radius on internal fuel alone, resulting from its 660 km (410 mile) range limit, later variants of the E series introduced a fuselage ordnance rack for fighter-bomber duty, or provision for a long-range, standardized 300 litre (79 US gallon) drop-tank, and used the DB 601N engine of higher power output. The 109E first saw service with the "Condor Legion" during the last phase of the Spanish | eng_Latn | 3,109,591 |
how much does it cost to make a stealth bomber | is the provision of air-conditioned hangars large enough for the bomber's wingspan, which are needed to maintain the aircraft's stealthy properties, particularly its "low-observable" stealthy skins. Maintenance costs are about $3.4 million a month for each aircraft. The total "military construction" cost related to the program was projected to be US$553.6 million in 1997 dollars. The cost to procure each B-2 was US$737 million in 1997 dollars, based only on a fleet cost of US$15.48 billion. The procurement cost per aircraft as detailed in GAO reports, which include spare parts and software support, was $929 million per aircraft in 1997 | A good way of looking at the difference is the flyaway cost is the cost of "making" the aircraft, but the weapons system cost is the cost of "buying" the aircraft. Weapons systems costs may include ancillary equipment costs, one time non-recurring contract costs, and airframe, engine and avionics support costs. For example, the flyaway cost for the Boeing F/A-18E/F Super Hornet up to 2009 (for the 449 units built) was US$ 57.5 million per unit, but the weapons system cost was 39.8% higher, at US$ 80.4 million per unit. The production cost of technologically complicated aircraft will always be | eng_Latn | 3,109,592 |
a person that drives a train is called what | Australian outback were likely to be the highest-paid members of the occupation in the world at that time. The following examine the role of the railroad engineer from 1890 to 1919, discussing qualifications for becoming an engineer and typical experiences on the job: Railroad engineer An engineer (American and Canadian), engine driver, loco pilot, motorman, train driver (British and Commonwealth English), is a person who operates a train. The driver is in charge of, and responsible for driving the engine, as well as the mechanical operation of the train, train speed, and all train handling. For many American railroads, the | Railcar A railcar, in British English and Australian English, is a self-propelled railway vehicle designed to transport passengers. The term "railcar" is usually used in reference to a train consisting of a single coach (carriage, car), with a driver's cab at one or both ends. Some railway companies, such as the Great Western, termed such vehicles "railmotors" (or "rail motors"). Self-propelled passenger vehicles also capable of hauling a train are, in technical rail usage, more usually called "rail motor coaches" or "motor cars" (not to be confused with the motor cars, otherwise known as automobiles, that operate on roads). The | eng_Latn | 3,109,593 |
what is the top speed of the goodyear blimp | than Goodyear's old model, the GZ-20. The Zeppelin NT model is also slimmer, has a top speed of 70 miles per hour (versus 50 for the blimp), and has a passenger gondola that seats 12 (compared to seven in the blimp). The gondola also contains a restroom. Both craft are outfitted with LED sign technology Goodyear calls "Eaglevision." This allows the aircraft to display bright, multi-colored, animated words and images. Goodyear also has blimps operating in other parts of the world. These airships are built and operated by Van Wagner of Orlando, Florida. The blimps are filled with helium. The | its three U.S. "non-rigid" airships (blimps) with three new "semi-rigid" airships, each of which have a rigid internal frame. Although technically incorrect, Goodyear continues to use "blimp" in reference to these new semi-rigid models. "Wingfoot One", the first such model in Goodyear's U.S. fleet, was christened on August 23, 2014, near the company's world headquarters in Akron, Ohio. In May 2011, Goodyear announced it was replacing its fleet of non-rigid airships with three semi-rigid airships built by Luftschiffbau Zeppelin. Goodyear's U.S. fleet consists of three semi-rigid airships (model LZ N07-101): The new airships are 246 feet long, 52 feet longer | eng_Latn | 3,109,594 |
when did the first commercial flight take place | Luftschiffahrts-Aktiengesellschaft I" was the world's first airline. It was founded on November 16, 1909, with government assistance, and operated airships manufactured by The Zeppelin Corporation. Its headquarters were in Frankfurt. The first fixed wing scheduled airline was started on January 1, 1914, from St. Petersburg, Florida, to Tampa, Florida. The four oldest non-dirigible airlines that still exist are Netherlands' KLM (1919), Colombia's Avianca (1919), Australia's Qantas (1921), and the Czech Republic's Czech Airlines (1923). The earliest fixed wing airline in Europe was Aircraft Transport and Travel, formed by George Holt Thomas in 1916; via a series of takeovers and mergers, | coal gas as the lifting gas. This has half the lifting power of hydrogen so the balloons had to be larger, however coal gas was far more readily available and the local gas works sometimes provided a special lightweight formula for ballooning events. Airships were originally called "dirigible balloons" and are still sometimes called dirigibles today. Work on developing a steerable (or dirigible) balloon continued sporadically throughout the 19th century. The first powered, controlled, sustained lighter-than-air flight is believed to have taken place in 1852 when Henri Giffard flew in France, with a steam engine driven craft. Another advance was | eng_Latn | 3,109,595 |
what is the biggest john deere tractor in the world | John Deere 9630 The John Deere 9630 is an agricultural tractor model manufactured by John Deere. It is one of the largest production tractors in the world, and was the largest made by John Deere upon its release in 2007 until the end of its production in 2013. The 9630 has a six cylinder diesel engine that displaces , and was tested at on the drawbar ( max pull on the drawbar). The 9630 is an articulated tractor, coming stock with eight equally sized tires, duals in the front and back. Its ballasted weight ("loaded" tires, wheelweights, etc.) is over | and Canada, and is the largest agriculture machinery company in the world. In August 2014, the company announced it was indefinitely laying off 600 of its workers at plants in Illinois, Iowa, and Kansas due to less demand for its products. Inside the United States, the company's primary locations are its administrative center in Moline, Illinois, and manufacturing factories in central and southeastern United States. , the company experiments with an electric farm tractor. The logo of the leaping deer has been used by this company for over 155 years. Over the years, the logo has had minor changes and | eng_Latn | 3,109,596 |
when did airbags become standard in u s | claiming that the devices were unfeasible and inappropriate. Chrysler made a driver-side airbag standard on 1988–1989 models, but it was not until the early 1990s that airbags became widespread in American cars. Airbags for passenger cars were introduced in the United States in the mid-1970s, when seat belt usage rates in the country were quite low. Ford built an experimental fleet of cars with airbags in 1971, followed by General Motors in 1973 on Chevrolet vehicles. The early fleet of experimental GM vehicles equipped with airbags experienced seven fatalities, one of which was later suspected to have been caused by | have to be replaced if the vehicle has not been written off in an accident. Moreover, the dust-like particles and gases can cause irreparable cosmetic damage to the dashboard and upholstery, meaning that minor collisions which result in the deployment of airbags can be costly accidents, even if there are no injuries and there is only minor damage to the vehicle structure. On 11 July 1984, the United States government amended Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard 208 (FMVSS 208) to require cars produced after 1 April 1989 to be equipped with a passive restraint for the driver. An airbag or | eng_Latn | 3,109,597 |
when was the last telegram sent in the uk | the service. The service continued for a few years and was briefly operated by British Telecom after it split from the Post Office. British Telecom announced on 19 October 1981 that the telegram would be discontinued, and it was finally taken out of service on 30 September 1982 after 139 years in the United Kingdom. The telegram as such was superseded by the British Telecom Telemessage service, introduced in October 1982. Messages were dictated over the telephone or sent via telex, printed, and delivered overnight by first class post in a distinctive envelope guaranteed for next day delivery, rather than | was comprised almost exclusively of BSA B33-1 250cc motorbikes which boys were expected to ride at an average of 15 mph. Later 125cc BSA Bantams were used. These were finally replaced with smaller Raleigh, and Puch models. During its heyday in the 1930s, the service was delivering an average of 65 million telegrams per year; however, the service was running at a loss, estimated at £1 million annually. Throughout the 1960s and 1970s the use of telegrams had dropped significantly, with around 10 million sent annually in the mid-1960s. Consequently, the Post Office took the decision in 1977 to abolish | eng_Latn | 3,109,598 |
when did the spitfire go out of service with the raf | high altitude to avoid detection and attack. Post-war the Spitfire was to continue to serve as a front line fighter and in secondary roles for several air forces well into the 1950s. The last offensive sorties made by RAF Spitfires were flown by 60 Squadron Mk XVIIIs over Malaya on 1 January 1951. The first Spitfire I to enter service with the RAF arrived at 19 Squadron, Duxford, on 4 August 1938 and over the next few weeks aircraft were delivered at the rate of one a week to 19 and 66 Squadrons (also based at Duxford). The next to | operated until 1955. Introduced into service in 1946, the F Mk 24 differed greatly from the original Spitfire Mk I, was twice as heavy, more than twice as powerful and showed an increase in climb rate of 80 percent over that of the prototype, 'K5054'. These remarkable increases in performance arose chiefly from the introduction of the Rolls-Royce Griffon engine in place of the famous Merlin of earlier variants. Rated at , the 12-cylinder Vee liquid-cooled Griffon 61 engine featured a two-stage supercharger, giving the Spitfire the exceptional performance at high altitude that had been sometimes lacking in early marks. | eng_Latn | 3,109,599 |
when did mcdonnell douglas go out of business | division, McDonnell Douglas merged with Boeing in August 1997 in a US $13 billion stock swap, with Boeing as the surviving company. Boeing adopted the McDonnell Douglas , which shows the globe being encircled in tribute to the first aerial circumnavigation which was accomplished in 1924 using Douglas aircraft. Some of the company's lasting legacies are non-aviation-related. They are the computer systems and companies developed in the company's subsidiary McDonnell Automation Company (McAuto) which was created in the 1950s initially used for numerical control for production starting in 1958 and computer-aided design (CAD) starting in 1959. Its CAD program MicroGDS | McDonnell Douglas McDonnell Douglas was a major American aerospace manufacturing corporation and defense contractor formed by the merger of McDonnell Aircraft and the Douglas Aircraft Company in 1967. Between then and its own merger with Boeing in 1997, it produced a number of well-known commercial and military aircraft such as the DC-10 airliner and F-15 Eagle air-superiority fighter. The corporation was based at Lambert–St. Louis International Airport near St. Louis, Missouri, while the headquarters for its subsidiary, the McDonnell Douglas Technical Services Company (MDTSC), were established in unincorporated St. Louis County, Missouri. The company was formed from the firms of | eng_Latn | 3,109,600 |
when was the land rover discovery first built | Land Rover Discovery Land Rover Discovery is a series of mid-size luxury SUVs, produced under the Land Rover marque, from the British manufacturer Land Rover (becoming Jaguar Land Rover in 2013). There have been five generations of the vehicle, the first of which was introduced in 1989, the second called the Series II update in 1998, the third generation, titled Discovery 3, launched in 2004 and was marketed in North America as the Land Rover LR3. The fourth in 2009 was the Discovery 4—Land Rover LR4 for North American markets. The fifth generation Discovery was introduced in 2017, and omits | was launched in 1993, shortly after the UK market example of late-1992. The Irish examples have formed the basis of the Discovery's success and high sales there, as commercials are on a much lower tax band. The Series II Discovery debuted in autumn 1998. Land Rover promoted that the Discovery Series II had been modified with 720 'differences'. The interior and exterior was re-worked to be less utilitarian, but it was still similar to the Series I. Every body panel was new except the rear door outer skin. The rear body was extended to improve load space but at the | eng_Latn | 3,109,601 |
when was the new range rover sport launched | Range Rover Sport The Land Rover Range Rover Sport is a British luxury mid-size SUV made by Land Rover. The first generation (codename: L320) started production in 2005, and was replaced by the second generation Sport (codename: L494) in 2013. The Range Rover Sport was prefigured by the Range Stormer concept car, introduced at the 2004 North American International Auto Show. This was a low-slung, short wheelbase 3-door coupè that was unusually "sporty" in the context of Land Rover's history. Designed by Richard Woolley, the marque's first complete concept car sported split-folding gullwing doors, one-piece skeletal seats, a "clamshell" hood, | Sport utilizes an all-aluminium monocoque body, just like the L405 Range Rover. It introduced Dynamic Response suspension with active anti-roll bars. On 11 August 2014, the Range Rover SVR (Special Vehicle Racing) was announced by Land Rover at Pebble Beach. The model sports a number of aesthetic alterations and performance improvements. The design of the model features a fully revised front bumper, with larger ducts and the main grille finished in black. The front quarter ducts are also revised and completed in a black finish. The rear bumper is also completely revised with a new, more pronounced diffuser and twin-circle | eng_Latn | 3,109,602 |
where is the engine in the new vw bug | Volkswagen New Beetle The Volkswagen New Beetle is a compact car, introduced by Volkswagen in 1997, drawing heavy inspiration from the exterior design of the original Beetle. Unlike the original Beetle, the New Beetle has its engine in the front, driving the front wheels, with luggage storage in the rear. Many special editions have been released, such as the Malibu Barbie New Beetle. In 2011 for the 2012 model year, a new Beetle model, the Beetle (A5), replaced the New Beetle. It is often referred to as the "New Beetle" as well. At the 1994 North American International Auto Show, | square bore and stroke. The transmission is a dual-clutch direct-shift computer-controlled automatic transmission with seven gear ratios, with magnesium paddles behind the steering wheel and a shift time of less than 150 milliseconds, built by Ricardo of England rather than Borg-Warner, who designed the six speed DSG used in the mainstream Volkswagen Group marques. The Veyron can be driven in either semi-automatic or fully automatic mode. A replacement transmission for the Veyron costs just over . It also has permanent all-wheel drive using the Haldex Traction system. It uses special Michelin PAX run-flat tyres, designed specifically to accommodate the Veyron's | eng_Latn | 3,109,603 |
when will the international space station be completed | to look for evidence of dark matter and antimatter. The commercial "Bartolomeo" External Payload Hosting Platform, manufactured by Airbus, is due to launch in May 2019 aboard a commercial ISS resupply vehicle and be attached to the European "Columbus" module. It will provide a further 12 external payload slots, supplementing the eight on the ExPRESS Logistics Carriers, ten on "Kibō", and four on "Columbus". The system is designed to be robotically serviced and will require no astronaut intervention. It is named after Christopher Columbus's younger brother. The Integrated Truss Structure serves as a base for the station's primary remote manipulator | the station's power-generating capabilities, more pressurised modules could be accommodated, and the "Harmony" node and "Columbus" European laboratory were added. These were soon followed by the first two components of "Kibō". In March 2009, STS-119 completed the Integrated Truss Structure with the installation of the fourth and final set of solar arrays. The final section of "Kibō" was delivered in July 2009 on STS-127, followed by the Russian "Poisk" module. The third node, "Tranquility", was delivered in February 2010 during STS-130 by the Space Shuttle "Endeavour", alongside the Cupola, followed in May 2010 by the penultimate Russian module, "Rassvet". "Rassvet" | eng_Latn | 3,109,604 |
when did jeep introduce the 4 door wrangler | on a wheelbase Wrangler (TJ) The third-generation Wrangler was released in 2006 for the 2007 model year. Developed under ownership of DaimlerChrysler, the JK was Jeep's first Wrangler that was a completely clean-sheet design of body, frame and suspension. New features for the Wrangler included power windows, remote power door locks, navigation, as well as electronically detachable sway-bars on some models. Along with the traditional 2-door model, a 4-door "Unlimited" model was released, offering considerably more room, thanks to an over 20 inches (50 cm) longer wheelbase. These became quite successful sellers. By mid 2017 the four-door models represented three | product plans. Jeep Wrangler The Jeep Wrangler is a series of compact and mid-size (Wrangler Unlimited and Wrangler 4-door JL) four-wheel drive off-road vehicle models, manufactured by Jeep since 1986, and currently in its fourth generation. The Wrangler JL was unveiled in late 2017 and will be produced at Jeep's Toledo Complex. The Wrangler is arguably an indirect progression from the World War II Jeep, through the CJ (Civilian Jeeps) produced by Willys, Kaiser-Jeep and American Motors Corporation (AMC) from the mid-1940s through 1980s. Although neither AMC nor Chrysler (after its purchase of AMC in 1987) have claimed that the | eng_Latn | 3,109,605 |
what kind of car is the cash cab | "1G12" in the first two seasons and during the After Dark shows. A new cab with the call sign of "7N78" has been used since, which also features new headliner lighting. Melewski's Cash Cab is also a Toyota Sienna minivan with the Yellow Taxi call sign "4472". As of March 2017, reruns air on Cozi TV and on Game Show Network. The New York City version reruns air on the Quest network in the UK. On October 26, 2009, MGM Television announced that the reruns would begin airing on local stations in September 2010. Stations are allowed the option to | Dollar van A dollar van (also known as a jitney) is a privately owned type of bus service used to carry passengers in the United States. Dollar vans are typically modified passenger vans, and often operate in urban neighborhoods that are under-served by public mass transit or taxis. Some of the dollar vans are licensed and regulated, while others operate illegally. Passengers may board them at designated stops along their route or hail them as share taxis. Both common names – dollar van and jitney – originated similarly. Jitney is an archaic term for an American nickel, the common fare | eng_Latn | 3,109,606 |
which one is the biggest airplane in the world | for well over thirty years, some with a "stretched" upper deck, until the arrival of the Airbus A380 series in 2007 featuring a full-length upper deck. Both lines continue to be developed, with ever-larger variants being introduced. The largest is currently (2014) the A380-800, capable of seating up to 853 people. In order to airlift the Buran space shuttle, in 1988 Soviet Union introduced the sole Antonov An-225 Mriya ("dream"). With a (maximum takeoff weight greater than and a wing span of , it was then, and remains, the largest operational aeroplane in the world. Since the conclusion of Buran | a civilian transport), and American Lockheed C-5 Galaxy transport, weighing, loaded, over 765,000 pounds (over 380 tons). The 8-engine, piston/propeller Hughes HK-1 "Spruce Goose," an American World War II wooden flying boat transport—with a greater wingspan (94 meters / 260 feet) than any current aircraft, and a tail-height equal to the tallest (Airbus A380-800 at 24.1 meters / 78 feet) – flew only one short hop in the late 1940s, and never flew out of ground effect. The largest civilian airplanes, apart from the above-noted An-225 and An-124, are the Airbus Beluga cargo transport derivative of the Airbus A300 jet | eng_Latn | 3,109,607 |
geared turbofan jet engine from pratt & whitney | Pratt & Whitney PW1000G The Pratt & Whitney PW1000G is a high-bypass geared turbofan engine family, currently selected as the exclusive engine for the Airbus A220, Mitsubishi Regional Jet (MRJ), and Embraer's second generation E-Jets, and as an option on the Irkut MC-21 and Airbus A320neo. The project was previously known as the Geared Turbofan (GTF), and originally the Advanced Technology Fan Integrator (ATFI). The engine is expected to deliver reductions in fuel use and ground noise when used in next-generation aircraft. The PW1000G engine first entered commercial use in January 2016 with Lufthansa's first commercial Airbus A320neo flight. In | engine and Rolls-Royce LiftSystem make up the Integrated Lift Fan Propulsion System (ILFPS). The lift for the STOVL version in the hover is obtained from a 2-stage lift fan (about 46%) in front of the engine, a vectoring exhaust nozzle (about 46%), and a nozzle in each wing using fan air from the bypass duct (about 8%). These relative contributions to the total lift are based on thrust values of 18,680 lb, 18,680 lb and 3,290 lb respectively. Another source gives thrust values of 20,000 lb, 18,000 lb and 3,900 lb respectively. In this configuration most of the bypass flow | eng_Latn | 3,109,608 |
when did the new shape kia sportage come out | 2013 Standard Bank People's Wheels Award for "SUVs and Crossovers – City & Suburban". Kia unveiled its newly redesigned Sportage at the Frankfurt Auto Show in September 2015, with plans to bring it to market as a 2016 model. The company said the contrasting sharp edges and smooth surfaces were inspired by modern fighter jets. There are three gasoline engines, as well as one diesel engine in the line-up. The gasoline options are a 1.6-liter, 2.0-liter or 2.4-liter, offering around 97 kW/161 N⋅m, 120 kW/200 N⋅m and 138 kW/241 N⋅m respectively, while the diesel is a 2.0-liter turbo that will | are mated to a six-speed automatic transmission. The 2017 Sportage received a "Top Safety Pick" rating from the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety (IIHS). The Sportage won the 2016 Red Dot Award for Car Design. The Sportage was Kia's best selling model worldwide in 2016, overtaking the Rio. Kia Sportage The Kia Sportage is a compact crossover SUV (compact SUV until 2005) built by the South Korean manufacturer Kia since 1992. The first-generation Kia Sportage was developed with a Mazda Bongo engineering base platform. It shares many mechanical components such as the engine, transmissions (early versions), and differentials with the | eng_Latn | 3,109,609 |
how many seats does the gmc acadia have | the GMC Envoy and the Chevrolet TrailBlazer. A Denali version of the Acadia debuted in 2010 as a 2011 model. In 2016, the second generation Acadia was repositioned as a mid-size crossover utility vehicle (as a 2017 model) in order to compete within the growing mid-size CUV market against the likes of the Ford Explorer and Dodge Journey. The Acadia represents GMC's entry-level truck-like CUV and is the first unibody vehicle from the marque. It is also GMC's first front-wheel drive passenger vehicle and GMC's first crossover utility vehicle (CUV). The Acadia has seating for eight and either front or | ended production on the Acadia Limited on March 31, 2017 in order to start production on the Traverse and Enclave. The Acadia Limited carried a base price tag of $44,775 and continued to offer the same features from the 2016 model. GMC Acadia The GMC Acadia is a mid-size crossover SUV from GMC. The first generation GMC Acadia shared the GM Lambda platform with the Chevrolet Traverse, and Buick Enclave. The Acadia went on sale in 2006 as a 2007 model in the United States, Canada and Mexico. The Acadia replaces three of the 7- or 8-seater vehicles on the | eng_Latn | 3,109,610 |
when is the ford super chief coming out | suicide door. The vehicle is expected to hit the production line by 2020. It has a custom body and exhaust system never before seen on a Ford truck. Though the few aspects given about the vehicle show it to be a luxury, not working truck., The tri-flex fueling system on the Ford F-250 Super Chief allows operators to go 500 miles between total refueling with the supercharger activated only when using the hydrogen fueling system. The hydrogen system also provides 400 lb.-ft. of torque. The transfer between fueling options is performed through a switching system onboard and can be accomplished | 900 lb-ft to 1,150 lb-ft. Transmissions come from Allison in auto and Eaton in manual. Production will begin in 2019 at its new plant in Mineral Wells, West Virginia. It will be marketed for the United States exclusively. Also in 2019, it will begin production in Canada, at its current plant in Woodstock, Ontario. Hino XL The Hino XL are series of Class 7 and 8 trucks to be manufactured by Hino Motors beginning in 2019. It is based on the popular conventional cab medium duty equivalent, the Hino 600. It will be the first model to be powered by | eng_Latn | 3,109,611 |
when did the 2018 honda odyssey come out | death rate in its class with 0 deaths per million registered years. Beginning with the 2013 model year all Odysseys came equipped with a rear-view backup camera. For 2014 the front crash structure was upgraded. The fifth generation Odyssey was unveiled at the 2017 North American International Auto Show in January. Sales began on May 25, 2017 as a 2018 model. A 10-speed automatic (Touring and Elite trim levels) produced at Honda Precision Parts Georgia (HPPG) is Honda's first use of a 10-speed transmission in a production automobile. Honda Manufacturing of Alabama (HMA) kicked off production of the fifth generation | Odyssey on April 26, 2017. Compared to its predecessor, the fifth generation Honda Odyssey is longer, narrower, taller and share the same wheelbase. The body is constructed using ultra-high-strength steel, aluminum and magnesium that minimizes weight to up to and improves body rigidity up to 44% from the previous generation. Available trim levels follow the outgoing model in the LX, EX, EX-L, Touring, and Touring Elite trims. The fifth generation Odyssey introduced options including an array of active safety systems packaged under Honda Sensing as standard along with Forward Collision Warning (FCW) and Lane Departure Warning (LDW) available from EX-L | eng_Latn | 3,109,612 |
who is the owner of volvo car company | Volvo The Volvo Group (; legally Aktiebolaget Volvo, shortened to AB Volvo) (stylized as VOLVO) is a Swedish multinational manufacturing company headquartered in Gothenburg. While its core activity is the production, distribution and sale of trucks, buses and construction equipment, Volvo also supplies marine and industrial drive systems and financial services. In 2016, it was the world's second largest manufacturer of heavy-duty trucks. Automobile manufacturer Volvo Cars, also based in Gothenburg, was part of AB Volvo until 1999, when it was sold to the Ford Motor Company. Since 2010 it has been owned by the Geely Holding Group, a Chinese | Martin Lundstedt Martin Lundstedt (born 28 April 1967 in Mariestad, Sweden) is a Swedish businessman and has been President and CEO of the Volvo Group since 22 October 2015. He has 25 years' experience of development, production and sales within the heavy automotive industry. Martin Lundstedt studied at Chalmers University of Technology and graduated with an MSc Following his exam, he joined Scania as a trainee in 1992 and held a number of senior management positions during his 23 years with the company. He became the President and CEO at Scania in 2012 and remained in that position until joining | eng_Latn | 3,109,613 |
what is the meaning of sr5 in toyota | Toyota Hilux The Toyota Hilux (also stylized as HiLux and historically as Hi-Lux) is a series of light commercial vehicles produced and marketed by the Japanese manufacturer Toyota. The majority of these vehicles were sold as pickup truck or cab chassis variants although they could be configured in a variety of body styles. Most countries used the Hilux name for the entire life of the series but in North America, the Hilux name was retired in 1976 in favor of "Truck", "Pickup Truck", or "Compact Truck". In North America the popular option package, the SR5 (Sport Rally 5-Speed), was colloquially | his crew, and with other racers. Functions are not activated by a steering wheel hub lettered A-G, but instead, by switches mounted around the steering wheel. The Mach 6 succeeded the Mach 5 as the main vehicle for the rest of the series. More of the original gadgets were gradually revealed (such as the sludge slick) and used in future episodes. Eventually, the Mach 5 returned as Speed Racer Sr.'s main car in the season 2 premiere. Mach Five The is the racing car Speed Racer (Go Mifune in the Japanese version) drives in the anime series of the same | eng_Latn | 3,109,614 |
what was the last year h2 hummers were made | Hummer H2 The Hummer H2 is a large SUV that was marketed by Hummer and built by AM General from 2002 to 2009 based on a modified GMT820 Chevrolet 2500 HD in front and 1500 frame in back. A common misconception was that it was based on a Tahoe frame. A four-door pickup truck version with a midgate that opens the vehicle's interior to the external cargo bed was introduced for 2005 as the "H2 SUT" (sport utility truck). In 2001 and 2002, GM allowed journalists to examine early versions of the Hummer H2, which was still under development at | General on a modified GMC 2500HD chassis. AM General continued to build the H1 and Humvee in its Mishawaka, Indiana facility. GM stopped marketing the H1 in 2006 model year, but AM General continued production of the military Humvee versions. Originally released in the civilian market March 14, 1992, the Hummer H1 became known from the photographs published during Operation Desert Storm and the enthusiastic campaign from actor-politician Arnold Schwarzenegger. AM General announced that 2006 would be the last model year for the Hummer H1, with production winding down in June 2006 due to a new emission law for diesel | eng_Latn | 3,109,615 |
what does hhr stand for on a chevy | "HHR" is an initialism for Heritage High Roof. The vehicle's design was inspired by the mid-1940s Chevrolet cars and trucks, specifically the 1947 Chevrolet Suburban and Advance Design pickups, with large, square fender flares and a hemispherical grille. The design of the HHR has been credited to Bryan Nesbitt who was a former designer at Chrysler where he was the lead designer of the Chrysler PT Cruiser. Nesbitt was recruited by GM to join its design staff and served for a time as the chief designer of the Chevrolet brand. The HHR had a cargo-carrying capacity of . All models | Chevrolet HHR The Chevrolet HHR is a retro-styled, high-roofed, five-door, five-passenger, front-wheel drive station wagon launched by the American automaker Chevrolet at the 2005 Los Angeles Auto Show as a 2006 model — and designed by Bryan Nesbitt. The HHR shares the GM Delta platform with the Chevrolet Cobalt, Pontiac G5, and Saturn Ion. In Mexico, it was marketed with its predecessor, the Opel-sourced Chevrolet Zafira compact MPV. Chevrolet marketed a panel van variant of the HHR beginning in 2007. Assembled in Ramos Arizpe, Mexico and marketed throughout North America, production of the HHR ended in May 2011. The name | eng_Latn | 3,109,616 |
is the kia soul front or rear wheel drive | 2.0 L I4 or a 1.6 L turbo-four engine. A rugged X-Line trim will also be added to the Soul's trim options. As of 2015, Kia has produced over a million units of the Soul. In the United States, over 100,000 units have been sold each year from 2011 to 2017, becoming the best selling subcompact car in front of the Nissan Versa. Kia Soul The Kia Soul is a front-engine, front-wheel-drive, five-door subcompact crossover SUV (Mini MPV) manufactured and marketed worldwide by Kia and now in its second generation. Designed at Kia's design center in California, the Soul debuted | first generation has none) and the shock absorbers on the rear torsion bar are now mounted vertically allowing for more suspension travel. This is a 3-door concept subcompact crossover SUV which presaged the second generation Soul. It is now having a subcompact crossover SUV-like styling and it abandons the compact crossover SUV-like styling, it has custom 19-inch wheels designed by Kia's California design team and HRE, 14-inch Brembo vented and cross-drilled front disc brakes with six-piston calipers, 13.6-inch rear brake discs with four-piston calipers, angled roof accented with Inferno Orange, lengthened front door with smooth billet push-style handles, carbon fiber | eng_Latn | 3,109,617 |
shorter model of a car also called a coupe | Mini sport utility vehicle Mini SUV, also called subcompact SUV or subcompact crossover, is a class of small sport utility vehicles with a length under and around . The term usually comprises any vehicle that is smaller than a compact SUV in North-American standardization, or any 4x4 with a supermini body in international standardization or based on a supermini (B-segment cars in Europe) platform. First mini SUVs appeared in the course of 1990s and were off-road vehicles built on body-on-frame chassis, such as the Suzuki Samurai. Although some of the current models still use this concept, mostly due to their | This is because coupés in general are seen as more streamlined and sportier overall lines than those of comparable four-door sedans. One dictionary states that a coupé is shorter than a sedan/saloon of the same model. Manufacturers have used the term "coupé" with reference to several varieties, including: A Berlinetta is a lightweight sporty two-door car, typically with two-seats but also including 2+2 cars. A two-door car with no rear seat or with a removable rear seat intended for travelling salespeople and other vendors carrying their wares with them. American manufacturers developed this style of coupe in the late 1930s. | eng_Latn | 3,109,618 |
when did porsche go to water cooled engines | Porsche 911 The Porsche 911 (pronounced "Nine Eleven" or in ) is a two-door, 2+2 high performance rear-engined classic German sports car made since 1963 by Porsche AG of Stuttgart, Germany. It has a rear-mounted six cylinder boxer engine and all round independent suspension. It has undergone continuous development, though the basic concept has remained unchanged. The engines were air-cooled until the introduction of the Type 996 in 1998, with Porsche's "993" series, produced in model years 1994–1998, being the last of the air-cooled Porsches. The 911 has been modified by private teams and by the factory itself for racing, | more effective heat dissipation and improved oil-fed chain tensioners were fitted to the engine. To improve oil cooling, a finned cooler replaced the serpentine lines in the front passenger fender well. This was further improved in 1987, with the addition of a thermostatically controlled fan. Driving refinement and motor reliability were improved with an upgrade of the fuel and ignition control components to an L-Jetronic with Bosch Motronics 2 DME (Digital Motor Electronics system). An improvement in fuel-efficiency was due to the DME providing a petrol cut-off on the overrun. Changes in the fuel map and chip programming from October | eng_Latn | 3,109,619 |
when did ford start the twin i beam | pickup in 1961 with the fourth generation F-Series. Longer and lower than its predecessors, these trucks had increased dimensions and new engine and gearbox choices. Additionally, the 1961–1963 models were constructed as a unibody design with the cab and bed integrated. This proved unpopular and Ford reverted to the traditional separate cab/bed design in 1964. In 1965, the F-Series was given a significant mid-cycle redesign. A completely new platform, including the "Twin I-Beam" front suspension, was introduced that would be used until 1996 on the F-150 and until 2016 on the F-250/350 4x2. Additionally that year, the Ranger name made | and L line, remaining in production until 2009 when Sterling Trucks closed operations. In 1963, Ford produced its first Class 8 conventional with the introduction of the N-series Super Duty, replacing the Super Duty models of the F series. As Ford did with the H-series cabover (derived from the C series and nicknamed the "Two-Story Falcon"), an all-new chassis raised the cab upward; while sharing its grille with the H series, the N series shared its cab with the F-series pickup trucks. By the end of the 1960s, Ford sought to modernize and streamline its heavy-truck line. In 1967, the | eng_Latn | 3,109,620 |
when did the first subaru brz come out | Subaru Subaru cars are known for their use of a boxer engine layout in most vehicles above 1500 cc. The Symmetrical All Wheel Drive drive-train layout was introduced in 1972. The flat/boxer engine and all-wheel-drive became standard equipment for mid-size and smaller cars in most international markets by 1996, and is now standard in most North American market Subaru vehicles. The lone exception is the BRZ, introduced in 2012 via a partnership with Toyota, which uses the boxer engine but instead uses a rear-wheel-drive structure. Subaru also offers turbocharged versions of their passenger cars, such as the Impreza WRX and | on July 31, 2007, following its removal from the Subaru Chile website in April 2007. Subaru Baja The Subaru Baja is an all-wheel-drive, four passenger, four-door coupe utility manufactured from 2002 to 2006 by Subaru and marketed for model years 2003 to 2006. The Baja combines the handling and passenger carrying characteristics of a traditional passenger car with the open-bed versatility, and to a lesser degree, load capacity of a pickup truck. The unibody design borrowed heavily from the existing mechanicals, platform and sheet metal of the Subaru Legacy/Outback wagon. Production began on July 18, 2002 as a 2003 model | eng_Latn | 3,109,621 |
what was the last year they made the gmc envoy | December 23, 2008, ending production of all GMT360 products. The final Envoy rolled off the assembly line when the Moraine, Ohio plant shut down. The closing of the last factory that manufactured the trucks was the subject of an emotional 2009 HBO documentary: "". It is unknown if the Envoy name will return should the second generation of the TrailBlazer go on sale in the North American market. GMC Envoy The GMC Envoy is a mid-size SUV that was produced by General Motors. It was introduced for the 1998 model year. After the first generation Envoy was discontinued after the | GMC Envoy The GMC Envoy is a mid-size SUV that was produced by General Motors. It was introduced for the 1998 model year. After the first generation Envoy was discontinued after the 2000 model year, but the Envoy was reintroduced and redesigned for the 2002 model year, and it was available in the GMC line of vehicles from the 2002 to 2009 model years. The Envoy nameplate had previously used by GM in Canada during the 1960s that was sold only at Chevrolet and Oldsmobile dealers. The Envoy first hit dealers' lots in 1997 as a 1998 model and was | eng_Latn | 3,109,622 |
what was the last year jeep liberty was made | August 16, 2012. The next generation restored the previous nameplate of Jeep Cherokee that was always used outside of North America. Inspired by styling from the "Dakar" and "Jeepster" concept vehicles, the Liberty was intended as a replacement for the discontinued Jeep Cherokee. The Liberty also marked a few firsts for Jeep. It was the first Jeep vehicle to use rack and pinion steering. It's also the first Jeep to use the two then-new "PowerTech" engines; the 2.4 L straight-4, which was discontinued in 2006, and the 3.7 L V6, as well as a 2.8 L VM Motori turbo diesel | chrome-clad aluminum-alloy wheels, Anti-Lock Braking System (ABS), a 2.8L Common-Rail Diesel (CRD) engine, a five-speed automatic transmission, and a power tilt-and-sliding sunroof. In 2005, DaimlerChrysler began offering a diesel engine to the North American market to gauge the marketability of diesel engines in North America. The last North American market Jeep product that was offered with a diesel engine was the 1987 Jeep Cherokee and Comanche. Only available for 2005 and 2006 in "Sport" and "Limited" trims, the 2.8L VM Motori R 428 I4 common rail turbodiesel or "CRD" exceeded expectations by selling 10,000 examples in its first calendar year | eng_Latn | 3,109,623 |
when did the air jordan retro 4 come out | them had a certain edginess associated with outlaw activities. Fragment x Jordan 1's: Staying true to the original Air Jordan, the remastered design features an all-over, premium leather execution with black overlays, blue accents, and Fragment insignia. The Air Jordan I was originally released on the market from 1985 to 1986, with re-releases (known as "retros") in 1994, 2001–2004, and 2007–2018. Here are some released colorways: Breds Black Red: September 15, 1985 White/Black-Red: September 15, 1985 Black/Royal Blue: 1985 White/Blue: 1986 Pewter/Black Max-Orange: January 31, 2009 White/Sea Green: July 4, 2009 Black/Shadow Grey-White: September 1, 2009 Wolf Grey/Spice White: July | flew in August 1987, it was certified on December 9, 1988 and delivered from April 1987, 774 were delivered until 2011. The upgraded "Citation Ultra" was announced in September 1993, the "Citation Encore" upgraded with PW535 turbofans was announced in 1998, before the improved "Encore+". Its US Military designation is "UC-35". The Cessna CitationJet was launched in October 1989, its first flight was on April 29, 1991, FAA certification was awarded on October 16, 1992, first delivery happened on March 30, 1993, and by June 2017, 2,000 of all variants have been delivered. Powered by two Williams FJ44s, it uses | eng_Latn | 3,109,624 |
when was the first extended cab truck made | first extended cab truck in the U.S. was called the Club Cab and was introduced by Chrysler in 1973 on Dodge pickup trucks. A crew cab, or double cab, seats five or six and has four full-sized, front-hinged doors. The first crew cab truck in the U.S. was made by International Harvester in 1957, and was later followed by Dodge in 1963, Ford in 1965, and Chevrolet in 1973. Cab-over or cab forward designs have the cab sitting above the front axle. An early cab-forward, drop-sided pickup was the Volkswagen Transporter, introduced in 1952. This configuration is more common among | World War II and well into the 1950s. White-Freightliner introduced its first tilting cab-over design in 1958, which allowed the entire cab to tilt forward for access to the engine. In Class 8 tractors (using the US designation), the cab-over design allows the vehicle's wheelbase to be shorter than in the conventional arrangement, wherein the engine is placed in front of the cab, covered by a horizontal or sloping hood that opens to allow engine access. Its shorter wheelbase allows cab-over semi trucks to have a shorter overall length, thereby allowing for longer trailers to be used. For light- and | eng_Latn | 3,109,625 |
what was the first year of the chevy suburban | Chevrolet Suburban The Chevrolet Suburban is a full-size SUV from Chevrolet. It is the longest continuous use automobile nameplate in production, starting in 1935 for the 1935 U.S. model year, and has traditionally been one of General Motors' most profitable vehicles. The 1935 first generation Carryall Suburban was one of the first production all-metal bodied station wagons. In addition to the Chevrolet brand, the Suburban was produced under the GMC marque until its version was rebranded Yukon XL, and also briefly as a Holden. For most of its recent history, the Suburban has been a station wagon-bodied version of the | of the recreational vehicle market. While only about 6,200 Suburbans were produced in 1967, by 1972 that number had grown to some 27,000. In 1964, Chevrolet in Brazil introduced a 5-door version of the Suburban called C-1416 (known as Veraneio from 1969 onwards, which is Portuguese for "summertime"). It was based on the contemporary Brazilian Chevrolet C-14. Like the C-14, the C-1416/Veraneio used the instrument cluster from the US C/K series although the exterior sheet metal layout is exclusive to Brazil. It was initially powered with a Chevrolet 4.2 L inline six based on the pre-1962 "Stovebolt" engines. Later it | eng_Latn | 3,109,626 |
when did the vw beetle body style change | Volkswagen New Beetle The Volkswagen New Beetle is a compact car, introduced by Volkswagen in 1997, drawing heavy inspiration from the exterior design of the original Beetle. Unlike the original Beetle, the New Beetle has its engine in the front, driving the front wheels, with luggage storage in the rear. Many special editions have been released, such as the Malibu Barbie New Beetle. In 2011 for the 2012 model year, a new Beetle model, the Beetle (A5), replaced the New Beetle. It is often referred to as the "New Beetle" as well. At the 1994 North American International Auto Show, | "Bordeaux red" convertible top, with burgundy leather seats matching the convertible top color. Neither the white gold exterior or interior colors were available on other 2009 New Beetle convertibles. 1500 New Beetle Blush convertibles were produced. Announced at the 2009 Los Angeles Auto Show, the 2010 Final Edition New Beetle features Aquarius Blue paintwork, with the hardtop receiving a black painted roof and the convertible sporting Campanella White painted side panels. In addition to unique 17-inch wheels, both models will be powered by a 2.5 litre engine mated to an automatic "Tiptronic" transmission. Other additions include sports suspension and "Final | eng_Latn | 3,109,627 |
what is the top speed of the f-35 | funding from the Pentagon. The F135 and F136 engines are not designed to supercruise. However, the F-35 can briefly fly at Mach 1.2 for 150 miles without the use of an afterburner. The F135 is the second (radar) stealthy afterburning jet engine. Like the Pratt & Whitney F119 from which it was derived, the F135 has suffered afterburner pressure pulsations, or 'screech' at low altitude and high speed. The F-35 has a maximum speed of over Mach 1.6. With a maximum takeoff weight of 60,000 lb (27,000 kg), the Lightning II is considerably heavier than the lightweight fighters it replaces. | F-35's anti-radar design is primarily focused on the higher-frequency X-band used by missile lock and targeting sensors, rendering them ineffective beyond close ranges. Ground crews use Repair Verification Radar test sets to ensure that a given repair has not increased its radar signature, which is not a concern for non-stealth aircraft. Like the Fighter Teen Series (F-14, F-15, F-16, F/A-18), the F-35 can carry large external fuel tanks, but flies most missions without them to keep its radar signature low. In 2008, Air Force officials said the F-35 would be about twice as loud as the McDonnell Douglas F-15 Eagle | eng_Latn | 3,109,628 |
when did the body style change on the chevy tahoe | Chevrolet Tahoe The Chevrolet Tahoe (and its rebadged version the GMC Yukon) is a full-size SUV from General Motors. Chevrolet and GMC sold two different-sized SUVs under their Blazer/Jimmy model names through the early 1990s. This situation changed when GMC rebadged the full-size Jimmy as the Yukon in 1991. Chevrolet waited until 1994 to rebadge the redesigned mid-size S-10 Blazer as the Blazer, renaming the full-size Blazer as the Tahoe. The name Tahoe refers to the rugged and scenic area surrounding Lake Tahoe in the western United States. The name Yukon refers to the Yukon territory of northern Canada. For | XL for GMC. A luxury Denali model joined the Yukon lineup in 1998. As of 2002, a Denali version of the Yukon XL has also been available as the Yukon XL Denali. The Cadillac Escalade is closely related to the Denali models of the Yukon. As of February 2014, the 2014 Tahoe was the top-ranked Affordable Large SUV in "U.S. News & World Report"s rankings. The Tahoe has regularly been the best selling full-size SUV in the United States, often times outselling its competition by 2 to 1. The new GMC Yukon was introduced in 1991 for the 1992 model | eng_Latn | 3,109,629 |
who makes the jet engines for the 737 | fuel economy and a reduction in noise over the JT8D engines used on the −100 and −200, but also posed an engineering challenge given the low ground clearance of the 737. Boeing and engine supplier CFMI solved the problem by placing the engine ahead of (rather than below) the wing, and by moving engine accessories to the sides (rather than the bottom) of the engine pod, giving the 737 a distinctive non-circular air intake. The wing also incorporated changes for improved aerodynamics. The engines' accessory gearbox was moved from the 6 o'clock position under the engine to the 4 o'clock | Spirit AeroSystems Spirit AeroSystems, Inc. ("Spirit"), based in Wichita, Kansas, is the world's largest first-tier aerostructures manufacturer. The company builds several important pieces of Boeing aircraft, including the fuselage of the 737, portions of the 787 fuselage, and the cockpit section of the fuselage (referred to as "Section 41" by Boeing) of nearly all of its airliners. Spirit also produces fuselage sections and front wing spars for the Airbus A350. Spirit's main competition comes from Triumph Aerostructures - Vought Aircraft Division, UTC Aerospace Systems, Leonardo, and Kawasaki Heavy Industries. Spirit was formed when Boeing Commercial Airplanes sold its Wichita division | eng_Latn | 3,109,630 |
when did the new audi a4 come out | and S4 continued in B8 production. The B9 A4 would not reach the North American market until the 2017 model year, while the S4 variant would not be available until the 2018 model year. The next-generation B9 version of the A4 was revealed in June 2015 – the fifth model to carry the A4 badge, and the ninth generation of the Audi 80/A4 series overall. Pre-production versions were released to the motoring press, whilst the official launch occurred at the Frankfurt Motor Show in September 2015. The B9 is slightly larger than the outgoing B8, but Audi claims the new | Audi A4 The Audi A4 is a line of compact executive cars produced since 1994 by the German car manufacturer Audi, a subsidiary of the Volkswagen Group. The A4 has been built in five generations and is based on the Volkswagen Group B platform. The first generation A4 succeeded the Audi 80. The automaker's internal numbering treats the A4 as a continuation of the Audi 80 lineage, with the initial A4 designated as the B5-series, followed by the B6, B7, B8 and the B9. The B8 and B9 versions of the A4 are built on the Volkswagen Group MLB platform | eng_Latn | 3,109,631 |
is a chevy tahoe a truck or suv | Chevrolet Tahoe The Chevrolet Tahoe (and its rebadged version the GMC Yukon) is a full-size SUV from General Motors. Chevrolet and GMC sold two different-sized SUVs under their Blazer/Jimmy model names through the early 1990s. This situation changed when GMC rebadged the full-size Jimmy as the Yukon in 1991. Chevrolet waited until 1994 to rebadge the redesigned mid-size S-10 Blazer as the Blazer, renaming the full-size Blazer as the Tahoe. The name Tahoe refers to the rugged and scenic area surrounding Lake Tahoe in the western United States. The name Yukon refers to the Yukon territory of northern Canada. For | nickel-metal hydride battery. The vehicle can run on either gasoline, electricity or a mixture of the two using automatic Two-Mode Hybrid system that monitors the vehicle's torque, and state of the battery to choose the most efficient source of power. The battery is charged either directly by generating electricity through driving one or both electric motors using the gasoline engine (while the vehicle is coasting or being driven by the gasoline engine), or by the wheels driving one or both electric motors through what is called "Regenerative braking" when the vehicle is decelerating, thus regaining some of the energy invested | eng_Latn | 3,109,632 |
how many tires does a 18 wheeler have | is common to refer to the number of wheel hubs, rather than the number of tires; an axle can have either single or dual tires with no legal difference. The combination of eight tires on the trailer and ten tires on the tractor is what led to the moniker "eighteen wheeler", although this term is considered by some truckers to be a misnomer (the term "eighteen-wheeler" is a nickname for a five-axle over-the-road combination). Many trailers are equipped with movable tandem axles to allow adjusting the weight distribution. To connect the second of a set of doubles to the first | truck stop scale. Truck weights are monitored for limits compliance by state authorities at a weigh station and by DOT officers with portable scales. Commercial motor vehicles are subject to various state and federal laws regarding limitations on truck length (measured from bumper to bumper), width, and truck axle length (measured from axle to axle or fifth wheel to axle for trailers). The relationship between axle weight and spacing, known as the Federal Bridge Gross Weight Formula, is designed to protect bridges. A standard 18-wheeler consists of three axle groups: a single front (steering) axle, the tandem (dual) drive axles, | eng_Latn | 3,109,633 |
when does the jaguar f pace come out | F-Pace, driven by professional stunt driver Terry Grant, performed a world-record-breaking 360 degree loop-the-loop. Customer deliveries started in April 2016 in Europe and in May 2016 in the United States. The F-Pace is offered with the Jaguar Land Rover Ingenium 2.0L turbocharged Diesel and 2.0L petrol turbocharged engines, available in the Prestige, Portfolio and R-Sport specifications, while the 3.0L turbocharged diesel (except USA) and supercharged petrol are available in the S and First Edition specifications. The F-Pace is offered in both RWD and AWD variants. F-Pace models are equipped with the same ZF 8HP eight-speed automatic transmission as the Jaguar | Jaguar F-Pace The Jaguar F-Pace (codename X761) is a compact luxury crossover SUV made by British car manufacturer Jaguar Land Rover under their Jaguar marque, the first model to be built by Jaguar in the crossover SUV class. It was formally announced at the 2015 North American International Auto Show in Detroit, with sales expected to commence in 2016 following an unveiling at the International Motor Show Germany in Frankfurt in September 2015. The design of the F-Pace is based on the 2013 Jaguar C-X17 concept car. The 2017 Jaguar F-PACE has been named the honorary winner of the 2017 | eng_Latn | 3,109,634 |
when did the rolls royce wraith come out | Rolls-Royce Wraith (1938) The Rolls-Royce 25/30 h.p. Wraith (not to be confused with the earlier small horsepower (Goshawk) car, the 25/30 h.p), was launched in 1938. The Rolls-Royce Wraith was built by Rolls-Royce at their Derby factory from 1938 to 1939 and supplied to independent coachbuilders as a running chassis. Wraith is also the name of a new coupé announced by Rolls-Royce in 2013. Wraith is an old Scottish word meaning Ghost or Spirit, continuing Rolls-Royce's (at the time) new(ish) nomenclature that they had adopted, using words relating to silent, gracious, elegant, rarely seen and highly sought after for these | with an extra 7 inch section added to the centre. The new chassis had coil sprung independent front suspension, which required a very rigid chassis to function properly, and at the rear conventional semi-elliptic springs and live axle. The braking system was a hybrid hydro-mechanical system with hydraulic front brakes and mechanical rears using the mechanical servo similar to that of the pre-war cars. The last short-wheelbase cars were delivered in November 1953. The long, 133 inch (3378 mm), wheelbase chassis was announced in 1951 and the first delivered in January 1952. 639 were made by the time of the | eng_Latn | 3,109,635 |
what is the name of the newest lamborghini | Lamborghini Urus The Lamborghini Urus is an SUV manufactured by Italian car manufacturer Lamborghini. It was unveiled on 4 December 2017 and was put on the market for the 2018 model year. The name comes from the Urus, the ancestor of modern domestic cattle, also known as the aurochs. The Lamborghini Urus concept was unveiled at the 2012 Beijing Auto Show on 23 April 2012. Later, the SUV was also shown at Pebble Beach in 2012. Powered by a 5.2 L V10 engine shared with the Gallardo, the engine generated a theoretical maximum power output of and was accompanied with | group's Audi division. New products and model lines were introduced to the brand's portfolio and brought to the market and saw an increased productivity for the brand Lamborghini. In the late 2000s, during the worldwide financial crisis and the subsequent economic crisis, Lamborghini's sales saw a drop of nearly 50 percent. As of the 2018 model year, Lamborghini's automobile product range consists of three model lines, two of which are mid-engine two-seat sports cars while the third one is a front engined, all-wheel drive SUV. The V12-powered Aventador line consists of the LP 740–4 Aventador S coupé and roadster. The | eng_Latn | 3,109,636 |
when did they stop making the jeep patriot | star hood decal, power leather seats, a leather-wrapped steering wheel, Sirius XM Radio, and dark-finished alloy wheels. This model features Commando Green Metallic exterior paint that is not available on other 2013 Jeep Patriots. The Jeep Patriot underwent many changes in trims or models for the 2014 model year; however, 2014 was the first model year that Freedom Drive 1 Patriots came with a Hyundai 6-speed automatic transmission instead of the CVT. 2017 was the last year for the Patriot, but production was discontinued in December 2016 (with the remainder of the fleet marketed as "2017" and sold until stock | model year, production ended with the 2017 model year. In the U.S. the Patriot uses either the 2.0 L or 2.4 L "World" gasoline I4 engine. Both front-wheel drive and four-wheel drive are available. The Patriot features two four-wheel drive systems both of which are electronically controlled. The basic four-wheel drive system is called Freedom Drive I. This system is a full-time front-wheel-drive based 4WD/AWD system that is front-wheel-drive when it has traction, but can automatically put up to 20-30% power to the rear wheels, or can be locked in 50-50 below a certain speed. The other system, called Freedom | eng_Latn | 3,109,637 |
what was the last year for cadillac dts | Cadillac DTS The Cadillac DTS (DeVille Touring Sedan or D-Series Touring Sedan) is a full-size luxury notchback sedan that was produced by Cadillac. The DTS replaced the Cadillac DeVille as Cadillac's largest luxury car for the 2006 model year. This renaming followed new nomenclature conventions set by the earlier CTS and STS. The first version of the DTS was initially shown at the 2005 Chicago Auto Show on February 9. The DTS remained in production until 2011. The front-wheel drive DTS was manufactured at GM's Detroit/Hamtramck Assembly factory from July 2005 through May 2011. Base price of the entry DTS | from various threats. Shorter armoured DTS are also the vice-presidential cars in the USA at least since 2010. A modified DTS was also used by former Prime Minister of Canada Stephen Harper. The next full-size Cadillac was called XTS. A second full-size sedan, the CT6, was added to the lineup in 2016. Prior to bankruptcy, GM had considered a rear-drive sedan, powered by the new Ultra V8 engine (replacement for the Northstar), to bow for 2010. GM later stopped development of new North American Zeta-based models and canceled the Ultra V8 engine. Cadillac DTS The Cadillac DTS (DeVille Touring Sedan | eng_Latn | 3,109,638 |
how many subaru dealerships are in the united states | Subaru of America Subaru of America, Inc. (commonly known as SOA), based in Camden, New Jersey, is the United States-based distributor of Subaru's brand vehicles, a subsidiary of Subaru Corporation of Japan. The company markets and distributes Subaru vehicles, parts and accessories through a network of more than 600 dealers throughout the United States. In 1967, Malcolm Bricklin approached Subaru with the idea of bringing the tiny Subaru 360 to the United States. After a great deal of regulatory red tape and negotiation, Bricklin made a deal with Subaru. Bricklin formed Subaru of America, Inc. to sell Subaru franchises and | all current Subaru cars are built, Otakita Plant is where commercial "kei" trucks are built (originally a factory location of Nakajima Aircraft Company), and Oizumi Plant in Oizumi, Gunma Prefecture, is where engines and transmissions are built. Subaru's only overseas manufacturing facility is located in Lafayette, Indiana; the factory is called Subaru of Indiana Automotive, Inc.. Due to continued sales growth in North American markets, vehicle production capacity at the Lafayette assembly plant is set to expand to 390,000 vehicles annually. Under the current strategic plan, Subaru will have a total production capacity of 1,026,000 vehicles per year at the | eng_Latn | 3,109,639 |
when was the last year saab was made | NEVS car went into production in 2017. Saab's total world production in 2008 was 90,281 vehicles produced in three countries. Production declined sharply in 2009, as new owners struggled to deal with the company's mounting financial problems. Production was suspended until late 2013, when the new ownership launched a limited run of 2014 model year 9-3 sedans. Saab manufactured various models at the Valmet Automotive plant in Uusikaupunki, Finland, between 1969 and 2003, in a joint venture established in 1968 together with Valmet. After 2003 Saab did not manufacture any cars in Finland, as the production of the "9-3 convertible" | "global Epsilon 1 platform") and some other components with the Opel Vectra again, but the relationship was much more of a joint engineering effort than before. Under GM's direction, the badge-engineered Saab 9-2X (based on the Subaru Impreza) and Saab 9-7X (based on the Chevrolet Trailblazer) were introduced in the American market in 2005 with the hope of increasing sales. Both models were a critical and commercial failure and were cancelled a few years after production began. GM also delayed the 9-3 wagon by three years, shelved a hatchback derivative of the 9-3 sedan, stalled plans for all-wheel-drive capabilities in | eng_Latn | 3,109,640 |
what kind of dog is the mack truck mascot | 16 L MP10, with to and to . Mack also produced railroad cars and locomotives between 1905 and 1930. The company's trademark is the bulldog, which can be found on the front of almost all Mack trucks. A gold-plated bulldog indicates the truck was made with a Mack produced drive train, engine, transmission and drive axles. A chrome bulldog indicates other manufacturers' components were used. Mack trucks earned their nickname during World War I, when the British government purchased the Mack AC for supplying its front lines. Its pugnacious, blunt-nosed hood, tenacious performance, and durability, reminded the soldiers of their | or cabover 4x2 truck; larger models were also available as semi-tractors. It was a modern design, with a closed cab, roll up windows, and auto type styling. Early models had an EN310 L-head inline 6 cylinder gasoline engine developing . Later models could have the larger EN354 engine developing at 2,620 rpm and at 1,200 rpm. By 1940 the US Army and Marines were using -ton EE dump trucks, EH 5-ton fuel tankers, EHU cabover wreckers, and other specialty vehicles. Early models were standard commercial models, with chrome trim and hubcaps, in 1942 all trucks became plainer. The military model | eng_Latn | 3,109,641 |
what was the last year they made the chevy avalanche | Chevrolet Avalanche The Chevrolet Avalanche was a four-door, five or six passenger pickup truck sharing GM's long-wheelbase chassis used on the Chevrolet Suburban and Cadillac Escalade EXT. Breaking with a long-standing tradition, the Avalanche was not available as a GMC, but only as a Chevrolet. Production of the Avalanche started in September 2001 and ended April 2013; producing two generations in its lifespan. The Avalanche was launched in September 2001 as a 2002 model on the GMT800 platform. First year Avalanches featured light gray plastic body cladding, intended to provide visual distinction from the Suburban/Yukon XL. Avalanche also gave the | featured the Black Diamond Edition Package, which added Black Diamond Edition emblems to the rear pillars, replacing the previous trim level designation emblems, and also adding unique emblems inside the Avalanche commemorating its production from 2002 to 2013. The 2013 Avalanche was produced in limited numbers. Each 2013 Avalanche buyer received a limited-edition coffee table book with photographs of the owner's 2013 Avalanche, a copy of the window sticker from their vehicle, and a complete history of the Avalanche from 2002 to 2013. The book was shipped to either the dealership or owner's home after the owner took delivery of | eng_Latn | 3,109,642 |
how many vauxhall dealers are there in the uk | Vauxhall marque; in the past it has also sold vans, buses and trucks under the Bedford brand. Vauxhall has been the second-largest-selling car brand in the UK for more than two decades. Vauxhall was founded by Alexander Wilson in 1857 as a pump and marine engine manufacturer. It was bought in 1863 by Andrew Betts Brown who began producing travelling cranes. It was he who named it Vauxhall Iron Works. It began manufacturing cars in 1903. It was acquired by American automaker General Motors (GM) in 1925. Bedford Vehicles was established as a subsidiary of Vauxhall in 1930 to manufacture | in 2017. Vauxhall has major manufacturing facilities in Luton (commercial vehicles, IBC Vehicles) and Ellesmere Port, UK (passenger cars). The Luton plant currently employs around 900 staff and has a capacity of approximately 100,000 units. The Ellesmere Port plant currently employs around 1,880 staff and has a theoretical (three-shift) capacity of approximately 187,000 units. Vehicles manufactured in Opel factories in Germany, Spain and Poland and sold in the UK are re-branded as Vauxhall. Significant former Vauxhall production cars include the Victor, Viva, Chevette and Cavalier. The current car range, manufactured by Opel and re-branded as Vauxhall in the UK, includes | eng_Latn | 3,109,643 |
when did the aluminum f 150 come out | on the Ford Motor Company website listed Ford F-250 Super Duty as the top longest-lasting vehicle and Expedition, Explorer and F-150 in the top 20 longest-lasting vehicle. The thirteenth-generation Ford F-Series was introduced for the 2015 model year. Largely previewed by the Ford Atlas concept vehicle at the 2013 Detroit Auto Show, the new design marked several extensive changes to the F-Series design. In the interest of fuel economy, Ford designers reduced curb weight of the F-150 by nearly 750 pounds, without physically altering its exterior footprint. To allow for such a massive weight reduction, nearly every body panel was | larger grille and head lamps. Previously available only as a chassis-cab model, the F-450 now was available as a pickup directly from Ford. From 2004 to 2006 offered a different bed style as well. The twelfth generation F-150 was introduced for the 2009 model year as an update of the Ford full-size truck platform. Similar to its predecessor, these trucks are distinguished by their Super Duty-style grilles and head lamps; standard cab models again have two-doors instead of four. The FlareSide bed was continued until 2010, dropped along with the manual gearbox; outside of Mexico, the Lincoln Mark LT was | eng_Latn | 3,109,644 |
when did they stop making the subaru baja | on July 31, 2007, following its removal from the Subaru Chile website in April 2007. Subaru Baja The Subaru Baja is an all-wheel-drive, four passenger, four-door coupe utility manufactured from 2002 to 2006 by Subaru and marketed for model years 2003 to 2006. The Baja combines the handling and passenger carrying characteristics of a traditional passenger car with the open-bed versatility, and to a lesser degree, load capacity of a pickup truck. The unibody design borrowed heavily from the existing mechanicals, platform and sheet metal of the Subaru Legacy/Outback wagon. Production began on July 18, 2002 as a 2003 model | by 1991, it was the longest domestically produced vehicle (29 years) on the same platform. The 1987–1991 models years are considered "the best of the breed and still have a loyal following among a select group". Late model, low mileage, rust free Grand Wagoneers have become highly collectable with some vehicles selling for more than their original sticker price nearly three decades after they rolled off the assembly line. A total of around 4,200 SJ Grand Wagoneers were produced in the 1991 model year. Owners had the option of having a "Final Edition Jeep Grand Wagoneer" badge on the dashboard. | eng_Latn | 3,109,645 |
when was the last year ford ranger was made | Courier in North America. In global markets, Ford began use of the Ranger nameplate in 1998 in place of Courier, with all compact trucks named Ranger by 2006. For 2011, the Ranger was discontinued in the United States and Canada. The same year, Ford commenced production of a mid-size Ford Ranger; sold globally (with the exception of the United States and Canada prior to 2018), production was revived in the United States in 2018. For the 1983 model year, Ford introduced the Ranger for the United States and Canada. Replacing the Courier (a rebadged Mazda B1800), the Ranger was the | on October 22, 2018. The revived Ranger is the global Ranger T6, adapted slightly to accommodate American government regulations. Similar in size to the Ford Explorer Sport Trac, the 2019 Ranger is the first generation produced as a mid-size pickup for the North American market. The Ranger is sold in two configurations, SuperCab (2+2 door extended cab with 6-foot bed) and SuperCrew (4-door crew cab with 5-foot bed); the two-door standard cab is not produced for North American sale. As the 1983-2012 Ranger served as a basis for several Ford/Mercury/Mazda vehicles during its production, the current mid-size Ranger will serve | eng_Latn | 3,109,646 |
what is the gmc version of the suburban | both Suburban and Yukon XL models after the 2013 model year. The tenth generation Suburban's design provided the basis for the Declasse Granger and its law enforcement counterparts, a line of fictitious SUVs that are featured in the Grand Theft Auto video game series as of Grand Theft Auto V. The eleventh generation Chevrolet Suburban, GMC Yukon XL, and Yukon Denali XL were introduced to the public on September 12, 2013, and GM unveiled the vehicles in different locations (The Suburban in New York, Yukon XL in Los Angeles) on that date. Both vehicles are based on the GMT K2XX | DeSoto Suburban The DeSoto Suburban is an automobile produced by DeSoto from 1946 through the 1954 model year. The Suburban was a continuation of DeSoto's long-wheelbase models, first introduced in 1946. While in production, the Suburban was available under the DeSoto Deluxe, Custom and Powermaster model designations. The Suburban differed from other DeSotos in that the four-door sedan rode a wheelbase, creating a car that was capable of carrying eight passengers as shipped from the factory. The car accomplished this eight-passenger capacity through the use of factory-installed jump seats. Suburbans were powered by Chrysler's inline six-cylinder engine, which delivered sufficient | eng_Latn | 3,109,647 |
when did the white retro 4 come out | Cleveland Cavaliers. In 2012 a Cavalier colorway dubbed the "Cavs" was released to honor "The Shot." The Air Jordan IV was re-released in 1999 and retroed in 2000, 2004, 2006, 2008, 2010–2013 and 2015–2018. Recent retroed colorways are the Retro 4 "Legend Blue", "Oreo" in early 2015, and the Retro 4 OG "Cement" that released on February 13, 2016. The Air Jordan V was released in February 1990, designed by Tinker Hatfield again. Some elements were carried over from the Air Jordan IV, but overall they were a completely new look. Some of its new features were a reflective tongue | White Road Commander The White Road Commander was a series of heavy-duty cab over trucks built by White Motor Company from 1972 until 1983. After Volvo's takeover the Road Commander received a light facelift and continued to be sold as the White High Cabover. In 1975 the modernized Road Commander 2 was introduced, with a redesigned cabin using the new "tapered" doors seen across the White lineup and also on many Autocar with the "2" version and other classic Autocar and Western Star trucks kept the White classic cab, both brands also owned by White. The windshield remained split. Originally | eng_Latn | 3,109,648 |
when did tesla start taking reservations for model 3 | on July 16, 2014 that the car would be called "Model 3" instead. The standard Model 3 delivers an EPA-rated all-electric range of and the long range model delivers . On March 31, 2016, Tesla unveiled the car. Potential customers began to reserve spots on March 31 with a refundable deposit. Tens of thousands were reported waiting to reserve their spot. As of April 7, 2016, one week after the unveiling, Tesla reported over 325,000 reservations, representing sales of over . , Tesla reported about 500,000 reservations. Bloomberg News claimed "the Model 3's unveiling was unique in the 100-year history | 3 in 2016, Tesla revealed they had taken 325,000 reservations for the car. These reservations represented potential sales of over . By August 2017, there were 455,000 net reservations. Since inception, global deliveries passed the 100,000 unit milestone in October. Since January 2018, the Model 3 has remained the top-selling plug-in car in the U.S. every month, with an estimated 114,532 units delivered through November 2018. Limited production of the Model 3 began in mid-2017, with the first production vehicle rolling off the assembly line on July 7, 2017, with the official launch and delivery of the first 30 cars | eng_Latn | 3,109,649 |
when did the air max 180 come out | through the outsole. The technology was later used in the Air Force 180 sneaker. Released in 1993 as the Air Max 270, the Air Max 93 introduced a 270-degree air unit and colored air units to the range. Nike employed a new manufacturing processes to provide the larger and more exposed air unit greater protection. The upper featured a more sock-like fit derived from 1991's Air Huarache sneaker. The visual design of the Air Max 95 was created by Sergio Lozano who based the design of the Air Max 95 on the human anatomy, with the spine of the shoe | Cessna 180 The Cessna 180 is a four- or six-seat, fixed conventional gear general aviation airplane which was produced between 1953 and 1981. Though the design is no longer in production, many of these aircraft are still in use as personal aircraft and in utility roles such as bush flying. Cessna introduced the heavier and more powerful 180 as a complement to the Cessna 170. It eventually came to be known as the Skywagon. The prototype Cessna 180, N41697, first flew on May 26, 1952. Cessna engineering test pilot William D. Thompson was at the controls. In all its versions, | eng_Latn | 3,109,650 |
how many seats does a cessna 172 have | Cessna 172 The Cessna 172 Skyhawk is an American four-seat, single-engine, high wing, fixed-wing aircraft made by the Cessna Aircraft Company. First flown in 1955, more 172s have been built than any other aircraft. Measured by its longevity and popularity, the Cessna 172 is the most successful aircraft in history. Cessna delivered the first production model in 1956 and as of 2015, the company and its partners had built more than 44,000. The aircraft remains in production today. The Skyhawk's main competitors have been the Beechcraft Musketeer and Grumman AA-5 series (neither currently in production), the Piper Cherokee, and, more | 22 hours, 19 minutes and 5 seconds in flight. The flight was part of a fund-raising effort for the Damon Runyon Cancer Fund. Food and water were transferred by matching speeds with a chase car on a straight stretch of road in the desert and hoisting the supplies aboard with a rope and bucket. Fuel was taken on by hoisting a hose from a fuel truck up to the aircraft, filling an auxiliary belly tank installed for the flight, pumping that fuel into the aircraft's regular tanks and then filling the belly tank again. The drivers steered while a second | eng_Latn | 3,109,651 |
when did the tesla model s come out | sold the Roadster until early 2012, when its supply of Lotus Elise gliders ran out, as its contract with Lotus Cars for 2,500 gliders expired at the end of 2011. Tesla stopped taking orders for the Roadster in the U.S. market in August 2011, and the 2012 Tesla Roadster was sold in limited numbers only in Europe, Asia and Australia. The next Tesla vehicle, the Model S, was released in the U.S. on 22 June 2012 and the first delivery of a Model S to a retail customer in Europe took place on 7 August 2013. Deliveries in China began | The first Model S sedans were delivered in December 2012. Cumulative sales totaled 3,590 units , and ranks as the second best-selling plug-in car in the country ever after the Chevrolet Volt (5,415) and ahead of the Nissan Leaf (3,198). The Model S was the top selling plug-in electric car in Canada in 2015 with 2,010 units sold. Retail sales began in Mexico City in December 2015. Initially, no Supercharger stations are available in the country. The first delivery took place on June 1, 2012. Deliveries for retail customers in the United States started on June 22, at a special | eng_Latn | 3,109,652 |
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