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who is the leader of the ontario libertarian party | resigned in July 2018. Deputy Leader Rob Ferguson has taken over until the expected Convention in the Spring of 2019. In 1980 a schism occurred in the libertarian movement in Ontario, with several members of the Libertarian Party, unhappy with its direction and democratic structure, left and formed the Objectivist-influenced Unparty. In 1984, under the leadership of Marc Emery and Robert Metz, the Unparty's name changed to the Freedom Party of Ontario. In 1995, under the leadership of John Shadbolt, the party's total vote declined to 6,085 votes. Shadbolt resigned one day after the 1995 election, and was replaced by | George Dance on an interim basis. Sam Apelbaum was chosen as the party's full-time leader at a convention in October 1996. Changes to the Ontario Election Act, enabling fixed election dates at four-year intervals, allowed the party to prepare well in advance for the 2007 general election. As a result, the party fielded 25 candidates and obtained a total of 9,249 votes. In the 2011 General Election, the party ran 51 candidates and won a total of 19,387 votes, 0.45% of the popular vote. This was more than double the number of candidates and votes received in the 2007 general | eng_Latn | 3,111,553 |
when did cornwall council became a unitary authority | changes to local government in England, The changes took effect on 1 April 2009. On that date the six districts and Cornwall County Council were abolished and were replaced by Cornwall Council. Currently (2017,) the council has 123 councillors, the independent Local Government Boundary Commission for England is proposing that Cornwall Council should have 87 councillors in future. The original proposals for a new logo and motto for Cornwall's new unitary authority were met with widespread criticism from the general public with demands that the old logo and motto be kept. On 29 January 2009, the Cornwall Council Implementation Executive | save around £17 million a year, the reorganisation was met with wide opposition, with a poll in 2008 showing 89% disapproval from Cornish residents. The first elections for the unitary authority were held on 4 June 2009. The council has 123 seats; the largest party (in 2017) is the Conservatives, with 46 seats. The Liberal Democrats are the second largest party, with 37 seats, with the Independents the third-largest grouping with 30. Before the creation of the unitary council, the former county council had 82 seats, the majority of which were held by the Liberal Democrats, elected at the 2005 | eng_Latn | 3,111,554 |
where does the ndp sit on the political spectrum | was registered on 30 January 2014. From 1963 to 1994 there was a New Democratic Party of Quebec, which split from the party over issues of Quebec sovereignty and after several mergers with other left-wing parties formed Québec solidaire in 2006. The most successful provincial section of the party has been the Saskatchewan New Democratic Party, which first came to power in 1944 as the Co-operative Commonwealth Federation under Tommy Douglas and has won most of the province's elections since then. In Canada, Douglas is often cited as the Father of Medicare since, as Saskatchewan Premier, he introduced Canada's first | New Democratic Party The New Democratic Party (NDP; , "NPD") is a social democratic federal political party in Canada. The party was founded in 1961 out of the merger of the Co-operative Commonwealth Federation (CCF) with the Canadian Labour Congress (CLC). The party sits to the left of the Liberal Party of Canada within the Canadian political spectrum. The leader of the federal NDP is Jagmeet Singh, who won the 2017 leadership election. The NDP has often been Canada's third- or fourth-largest party in Parliament. Following the 1993 federal election the NDP was reduced to fourth place behind the Bloc | eng_Latn | 3,111,555 |
does canada have a prime minister or a president | Prime Minister of Canada The Prime Minister of Canada () is the primary minister of the Crown, chairman of the Cabinet, and Canada's head of government. The current, and 23rd, Prime Minister of Canada is the Liberal Party's Justin Trudeau, following the 2015 Canadian federal election. Canadian prime ministers are styled as "The Right Honourable" (), a privilege maintained for life. The Prime Minister of Canada is in charge of the Prime Minister's Office. The Prime Minister also chooses the ministers that make up the Cabinet. The two groups, with the authority of the Parliament of Canada, manage the Government | (currently Justin Trudeau), who is appointed by the governor general after securing the confidence of the House of Commons. In Canadian English, the word "government" is used to refer both to the whole set of institutions that govern the country (as in American usage, but where Britons would use "state"), and to the current political leadership (as in British usage, but where Americans would use "administration"). In federal department press releases, the government has sometimes been referred to by the phrase "[last name of prime minister] Government"; this terminology has been commonly employed in the media. As per the "Constitution | eng_Latn | 3,111,556 |
what is the current membership of the labour party | or actions. In August 2015, prior to the 2015 leadership election, the Labour Party reported 292,505 full members, 147,134 affiliated supporters (mostly from affiliated trade unions and socialist societies) and 110,827 registered supporters; a total of about 550,000 members and supporters. , the party had approximately 552,000 full members, making it the largest political party in Western Europe. Consequently membership fees became the largest component of the party's income, overtaking trade unions donations which were previously of most financial importance, and in 2017 making Labour the most financially well-off British political party. For many years Labour held to a policy | Labour Party (UK) </noinclude> The Labour Party is a centre-left political party in the United Kingdom which has been described as an alliance of social democrats, democratic socialists and trade unionists. The party's platform emphasises greater state intervention, social justice and strengthening workers' rights. Labour is a full member of the Party of European Socialists and Progressive Alliance, and holds observer status in the Socialist International. As of 2017, the party was considered the "largest party in Western Europe" in terms of party membership, with more than half a million members. The Labour Party was founded in 1900, having grown | eng_Latn | 3,111,557 |
first name of the leader of britains lib dems | two parties which merged to form the Liberal Democrats, the Liberal Party and the SDP, served as joint interim leaders. In the event that the leader dies, resigns or loses his or her seat in Parliament, the deputy leader (if there is one) serves as interim leader until a leadership election takes place. This has occurred twice, with Menzies Campbell serving as interim leader following the resignation of Charles Kennedy (Campbell was elected leader in the ensuing election) and Vince Cable serving as interim leader following Campbell's resignation. The current leader is Vince Cable, who was elected unopposed following the | From oldest to youngest: Leader of the Labour Party (UK) The Leader of the Labour Party is the most senior political figure within the Labour Party in the United Kingdom. Since 12 September 2015, the office has been held by Jeremy Corbyn; who has represented the constituency of Islington North since 1983. Harriet Harman was the Deputy Leader of the Labour Party and also Acting Leader since the resignation of Ed Miliband on 8 May 2015 following Labour's defeat at the 2015 general election. On 12 September 2015, she was replaced by Jeremy Corbyn, who won the Labour leadership election. | eng_Latn | 3,111,558 |
who was prime minister of canada in 2006 | Elections Canada. Italicized expenditures refer to submitted totals, and are presented when the final reviewed totals are not available. Stephen Harper Stephen Joseph Harper (born April 30, 1959) is a Canadian economist, entrepreneur, and retired politician who served as the 22nd Prime Minister of Canada, from February 6, 2006, to November 4, 2015. Harper was the first Canadian Prime Minister to come from the modern Conservative Party of Canada, which was formed by a merger of the Progressive Conservative Party and the Canadian Alliance. Harper was elected to the House of Commons of Canada for the riding of Calgary Southwest | 6:45 p.m. Jean asked Harper to form a government. Harper was sworn in as Canada's 22nd prime minister on February 6, 2006. In his first address to parliament as head of government, Harper opened by paying tribute to the Queen of Canada, Elizabeth II, and her "lifelong dedication to duty and self-sacrifice." He also said before the Canada-UK Chamber of Commerce that Canada and the United Kingdom were joined by "the golden circle of the Crown, which links us all together with the majestic past that takes us back to the Tudors, the Plantagenets, the Magna Carta, "habeas corpus", petition | eng_Latn | 3,111,559 |
who was the president of england in 1947 | Clement Attlee Clement Richard Attlee, 1st Earl Attlee, (3 January 1883 – 8 October 1967) was a British statesman and Labour Party politician who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1945 to 1951. He was the Leader of the Labour Party from 1935 to 1955. In 1940, Attlee took Labour into the wartime coalition government and served under Winston Churchill, becoming, in 1942, the first person to hold the office of Deputy Prime Minister of the United Kingdom. He went on to lead the Labour Party to an unexpected landslide victory at the 1945 general election; forming | Winston Churchill Sir Winston Leonard Spencer-Churchill (30 November 187424 January 1965) was a British politician, statesman, army officer, and writer, who was Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1940 to 1945 and again from 1951 to 1955. As Prime Minister, Churchill led Britain to victory in the Second World War. Churchill represented five constituencies during his career as Member of Parliament (MP). Ideologically an economic liberal and British imperialist, he began and ended his parliamentary career as a member of the Conservative Party, which he led from 1940 to 1955, but for twenty years from 1904 he was a | eng_Latn | 3,111,560 |
who is the manager of inverness caledonian thistle | to the vacant manager's position at Dundee United. However, he chose to stay with Inverness for another month, after which he left, along with assistant Duncan Shearer, to become manager of Aberdeen. The club also had a Director of football, with former player Graeme Bennett appointed while Steve Paterson was manager. Paterson was replaced by former Hearts player John Robertson, whose two-year reign as manager was an exceptionally successful period. Under Robertson, Inverness won the 2003–04 Scottish Challenge Cup, gained another Scottish Cup victory over Celtic, this time 1–0 thanks to a goal on the stroke of half time by | to retain players. Long-term player Richie Foran was announced as the new Inverness manager on 30 May 2016, also announcing his player retirement. Foran was in charge of Caley Thistle for just under one-year before being sacked on 29 May 2017. During his time in charge, the club finished in last position in the Scottish Premiership, suffering relegation to the Scottish Championship on the final day of the season despite a 3–2 win over Motherwell. The club needed a win from Dundee over Hamilton Academical, to secure play-offs, which unfortunately did not come as Dundee succumbed to a 4–0 defeat. | eng_Latn | 3,111,561 |
when did the song boo 'd up come out | classic Nineties R&B." Ella Mai Ella Mai Howell (born 3 November 1994) is an English singer and songwriter. She signed to DJ Mustard's label 10 Summers Records in 2014. Her EP's include "Time", "Change", and "Ready". Her debut studio album, "Ella Mai", was released in October 2018 and featured the single "Boo'd Up," which was released on February 20, 2018. Ella Mai was born on November 3, 1994 to a Jamaican mother and Irish father in London. According to the singer, her mother, a lover of American jazz music, named her after Ella Fitzgerald. Mai moved from London to New | Boo'd Up "Boo'd Up" is the debut commercial single by English singer Ella Mai from her third extended play, "Ready". Serving as the lead single for the EP, the song peaked number five on the "Billboard" Hot 100 in the United States. The song was written by Mai, Joelle James, Dijon "DJ Mustard" McFarlane and Larrance Dopson of 1500 or Nothin', and produced by the latter two. It became the recipient of two Grammy Award nominations for Best R&B Song and Song of the Year at the 61st Grammy Awards. American songwriter Joelle James first wrote "Boo'd Up" in 2014 | eng_Latn | 3,111,562 |
who plays steffy in the bold and the beautiful | Jacqueline MacInnes Wood Jacqueline MacInnes Wood (born 17 April 1987) is a Canadian actress, disc jockey, singer and television host. She portrayed Olivia Castle in the film "Final Destination 5" and Steffy Forrester in TV soap opera "The Bold and the Beautiful", the latter earning her three Daytime Emmy Award nominations in 2012, 2013 and 2018. Jacqueline MacInnes Wood was born in Windsor, Ontario, the daughter of (Sandie) Alexandra MacInnes and James C. Wood. She is of indigenous (Cree), Scottish, French and Brazilian ancestry. Her half sister is Dani Probert, who was the wife of the late NHL player, Bob | that Wood would be returning to the series. At press time, Wood was scheduled for a "handful" of episodes, which began airing on January 30, 2015. Wood revealed that she agreed to return to the show after Bell had personally sent her a text message. Of her status with the series, the actress said "if the timing is right, I'll always come back". In April 2015, Wood confirmed that she signed a contract deal with the series and would return in the role of Steffy. She made her on-screen return on May 26, 2015. Wood said: "When I left the | eng_Latn | 3,111,563 |
who plays ridge in the bold and the beautiful | recurring character on the NBC series "Smash". In October 2013, it was announced that Kaye was cast to portray Ridge Forrester on "The Bold and the Beautiful", replacing originator Ronn Moss, who departed the series in 2012 after 25 years in the role. Kaye published a book of original poetry, entitled "From Timber Ridge to Daymer Gardens", with Dorothy Bridges, widow of actor Lloyd Bridges. Proceeds from the book, which accompanied a CD release of the same name, go to Give Kids the World, a charity for sick children. His new children's book will be coming out in March 2009 | the Flemish soap "Familie". Ronn Moss Ronald Montague Moss (born March 4, 1952) is an American actor, musician and singer/songwriter, a member of the band Player, and best known for portraying Ridge Forrester, the dynamic fashion magnate on the CBS soap opera "The Bold and the Beautiful" from 1987 to 2012. Moss was born and raised in Los Angeles. He grew up surrounded by the theatre, concert, and rock & roll music world. At age 11, he started learning to play the drums, guitar and electric bass. In 1976, Moss joined creative forces with fellow singer/guitarist Peter Beckett, guitarist/keyboardist J.C | eng_Latn | 3,111,564 |
who plays taylor on bold and the beautiful | Hunter Tylo Hunter Tylo (born Deborah Jo Hunter, July 3, 1962) is an American actress, author and former model. She is best known for her role as Taylor Hayes (1990–2002, 2004, 2005–13, 2014, 2018–) on "The Bold and the Beautiful". Tylo was born Deborah Jo Hunter in Fort Worth, Texas, the daughter of Jo Anne and Morris Jabez Hunter. She is of Cherokee Native American descent on her mother's side. She has an older brother Jay, who passed away August 29, 2018, and a younger brother named Cliff. Tylo has been credited as Deborah Morehart; Morehart was the last name | returned to "The Bold and the Beautiful" for a number of guest appearances. She made a one-episode appearance which aired on February 28, 2014. The actress then made several guest appearances in April and May 2014, for a May sweeps story arc which revisited Taylor's accidental killing of Darla years earlier, with Darla's now teen daughter Aly (Ashlyn Pearce) struggling to deal with the issue of her mother's death. Tylo appeared again on November 5, 12 and 24 2014. Tylo made a surprise return to "The Bold and the Beautiful" on April 12, 2018. Discussing her secret return to the | eng_Latn | 3,111,565 |
who does brooke marry in bold and beautiful | Brooke Logan Brooke Logan is a fictional character from the CBS Daytime soap opera, "The Bold and the Beautiful". She has been portrayed by Katherine Kelly Lang since the series's debut in March 1987. The character is part of the original four central characters and actors (including her onscreen double-decade long love and husband, Ridge Forrester, and his parents Stephanie Forrester and Eric Forrester). Over the years, she has developed into a business woman working at Forrester Creations and a mother to five children: Rick, Bridget, Hope, R.J. and Jack. Her character is described as having "emerged as the show's | recent decisions, and later returned to Katie. However, this did not last as Katie discovered that Bill was only trying to regain control of his company. Ridge returned to LA (now played by Thorsten Kaye), and the two reunite and almost remarry. However, Katie fainted at their wedding, and later revealed that she did it in order to stop the wedding due to her developing feelings for Ridge. Katie and Ridge have a brief relationship, and Brooke becomes jealous when Ridge proposes to Katie, giving her a red string instead of an engagement ring. Brooke helps Bill regain control of | eng_Latn | 3,111,566 |
who plays steffy 's mom on bold and the beautiful | Steffy Forrester Steffy Forrester is a fictional character from the American CBS soap opera "The Bold and the Beautiful". Introduced by Bradley Bell, she is currently portrayed by Jacqueline MacInnes Wood. Steffy and her twin sister Phoebe (MacKenzie Mauzy) were born onscreen as the daughters of supercouple Ridge Forrester (Ronn Moss, later Thorsten Kaye) and Taylor Hayes (Hunter Tylo) during the episode airing on September 21, 1999. For the character's first five-year period, she appeared as a minor. In 2005, Steffy was rapidly aged to a teenager, and in 2008 she appeared as an adult when Wood took over the | Jacqueline MacInnes Wood Jacqueline MacInnes Wood (born 17 April 1987) is a Canadian actress, disc jockey, singer and television host. She portrayed Olivia Castle in the film "Final Destination 5" and Steffy Forrester in TV soap opera "The Bold and the Beautiful", the latter earning her three Daytime Emmy Award nominations in 2012, 2013 and 2018. Jacqueline MacInnes Wood was born in Windsor, Ontario, the daughter of (Sandie) Alexandra MacInnes and James C. Wood. She is of indigenous (Cree), Scottish, French and Brazilian ancestry. Her half sister is Dani Probert, who was the wife of the late NHL player, Bob | eng_Latn | 3,111,567 |
who plays hope on the bold and the beautiful | Hope Logan Hope Logan is a fictional character from "The Bold and the Beautiful", an American soap opera on the CBS network. The character was portrayed by several child actors and actresses since Hope's birth in 2002, most notably Rachel and Amanda Pace. In 2010, the role was rapidly aged and recast with actress Kim Matula, who made her first appearance in January 2010. Matula departed the serial as a series regular in December 2014; she made several guest appearances in 2015 and 2016. As of 2018, the role is portrayed by actress Annika Noelle. Introduced in 2002, Hope is | Kim Matula Kimberly Marie Matula (born August 23, 1988) is an American actress, best known for her role as Hope Logan in the CBS daytime soap opera "The Bold and the Beautiful". Matula was born in Fort Worth, Texas to David and Karin Matula. She is of Norwegian ancestry. Matula has always dreamed of acting and created videos of her acting. She studied film at the University of Texas at Arlington, but dropped out because her acting career was taking off. In 2008, Matula appeared in the Lifetime movie "Queen Sized", and in next year moved to Los Angeles, then | eng_Latn | 3,111,568 |
who is stephanie 's mom on bold and beautiful | Steffy Forrester Steffy Forrester is a fictional character from the American CBS soap opera "The Bold and the Beautiful". Introduced by Bradley Bell, she is currently portrayed by Jacqueline MacInnes Wood. Steffy and her twin sister Phoebe (MacKenzie Mauzy) were born onscreen as the daughters of supercouple Ridge Forrester (Ronn Moss, later Thorsten Kaye) and Taylor Hayes (Hunter Tylo) during the episode airing on September 21, 1999. For the character's first five-year period, she appeared as a minor. In 2005, Steffy was rapidly aged to a teenager, and in 2008 she appeared as an adult when Wood took over the | of "The Bold and the Beautiful" as Caroline's "other" mother and Karen's wife, Danielle. It was revealed that Karen had been working for her father at Spencer Publications in New York City. Stephanie called her to offer her condolences about the death of her father, Bill Spencer, Sr.. She was present for the reading of her father's will where in it, he bequeathed 50% of Spencer Publications to her and the other 50% to her half-brother Bill Spencer Jr. She and Bill Jr. were also named the successor Co-CEOs of Spencer Publications. Although Karen was hesitant to assume the role, | eng_Latn | 3,111,569 |
who played the role of rose in titanic | history nine weeks after opening on 19 December 1997, and a week later became the first film ever to gross $1 billion worldwide. By March 1998 it had made over $1.2 billion, a record that stood until Cameron's next drama film "Avatar" overtook it in 2009. Cameron's film centres around a love affair between First Class passenger Rose DeWitt Bukater (Kate Winslet) and Third Class passenger Jack Dawson (Leonardo DiCaprio). Cameron designed the characters of Rose and Jack to serve as what he has termed "an emotional lightning rod for the audience", making the tragedy of the disaster more immediate. | Frances Fisher Frances Louise Fisher (born 11 May 1952) is an English born American actress. Fisher began her career in theatre and later starred as detective Deborah 'Red' Saxon in the ABC daytime soap opera "The Edge of Night" (1976–1981). She has portrayed strong women on film and TV since the early 1980s. In film, she is known for her roles in "Unforgiven" (1992), "Titanic" (1997), "True Crime" (1999), "House of Sand and Fog" (2003), "Laws of Attraction" (2004), "The Kingdom" (2007), "In the Valley of Elah" (2007), "Jolene" (2008), "The Lincoln Lawyer" (2011) and "The Host" (2013). From 2014 | eng_Latn | 3,111,570 |
actress who played andromeda in clash of the titans | Agenor respectively. It was also reported that Bill Nighy was being courted to play Hephaestus. Additionally, Hayley Atwell was on the shortlist of actresses screen testing for the role of Andromeda, played in the previous film by Alexa Davalos who left due to a scheduling conflict. Other actresses being considered for Andromeda included Georgina Haig, Janet Montgomery, Dominique McElligott, and Clémence Poésy. In February 2011, it was reported that Rosamund Pike was near a deal for the part. Also in February, Liebesman announced that "Wrath of the Titans" would be converted to 3D rather than shot in 3D as previously | Judi Bowker Judi Bowker (born 6 April 1954) is an English film and television actress. Bowker was born in Shawford, Hampshire, England. On stage from childhood, she first attracted international attention as the star of "The Adventures of Black Beauty", a 1972 TV series which was a "continuation" of the book. She also starred as Clare of Assisi in Franco Zeffirelli's "Brother Sun, Sister Moon", also from 1972. Her other well-known film appearances are as Princess Andromeda in the 1981 Ray Harryhausen film, "Clash of the Titans" and as Lady Olivia Lilburn in Alan Bridges' "The Shooting Party" (1985). She | eng_Latn | 3,111,571 |
who plays doggett in orange is the new black | Taryn Manning Taryn Manning (born November 6, 1978) is an American actress and singer. Manning made her film debut in the teen drama "Crazy/Beautiful" (2001), followed by a lead part opposite Britney Spears in "Crossroads" (2002), which garnered her mainstream attention. She then appeared in "8 Mile" (2002), "White Oleander" (2002), "A Lot Like Love" (2005) and "Hustle & Flow" (2005). Manning has also had a main role on "Hawaii Five-0" and had recurring roles in television on "Sons of Anarchy", and plays the role of Tiffany "Pennsatucky" Doggett in the Netflix original series "Orange Is the New Black". Manning | Lea DeLaria Lea DeLaria (born May 23, 1958) is an American comedian, actress, and jazz singer. DeLaria is credited with being the first openly gay comic to appear on a late-night talk show with her 1993 appearance on "The Arsenio Hall Show". She is best known for her portrayal of inmate Carrie "Big Boo" Black on Netflix original series "Orange Is the New Black". DeLaria was born in Belleville, Illinois, the daughter of Jerry Jean (née Cox), a homemaker, and Robert George DeLaria, a jazz pianist and social worker. Her paternal grandparents were Italian. She attended kindergarten through eighth grade | eng_Latn | 3,111,572 |
who plays wyatt in the bold and beautiful | Bold and the Beautiful". Brooks enjoys playing the guitar, bass guitar, and drums. In 2010, he started dating actress Kelly Kruger. In February 2014, they partnered with an organization called Aid Still Required. Darin Brooks Darin Lee Brooks (born May 27, 1984) is an American actor. He is best known for portraying Max Brady on the NBC drama series "Days of Our Lives", Alex Moran on the Spike TV series "Blue Mountain State", and Wyatt Spencer on the CBS soap opera "The Bold and the Beautiful". Brooks was born and raised in Honolulu, Hawaii. He is of Polish descent. Brooks | Pierson Fodé Pierson Dane Fodé (born November 6, 1991) is an American actor and model. He is perhaps best known for his role as Ely in the 2015 comedy/romance film "Naomi and Ely's No Kiss List", alongside Victoria Justice. His most current work includes portraying the role of Thomas Forrester on the CBS drama series "The Bold and the Beautiful". Pierson exited this role in 2017, but returned for a few episodes in 2018. Fodé was born in Moses Lake, Washington, a small town in eastern Washington, to Ron and Robin. He has two older brothers, Preston and Payton, and | eng_Latn | 3,111,573 |
when was the song boo 'd up released | the year. An accompanying music video for the song, directed by Nick Walker, premiered via Mai's Vevo channel on 26 April 2018. It features cameo appearances from singer Khalid, rapper Kamaiyah, and YouTube personality Alissa Ashley. Model Donnell Blaylock Jr. plays Mai's love interest in the video. A remix of "Boo'd Up" featuring rapper Nicki Minaj was released July 4, 2018. It comes on the heels of Ella Mai’s critically-acclaimed performance at the BET Awards 2018, in which Minaj also performed. The remix version of the song features newly added verses and lyrics by both Quavo and Minaj and marks | Boo'd Up "Boo'd Up" is the debut commercial single by English singer Ella Mai from her third extended play, "Ready". Serving as the lead single for the EP, the song peaked number five on the "Billboard" Hot 100 in the United States. The song was written by Mai, Joelle James, Dijon "DJ Mustard" McFarlane and Larrance Dopson of 1500 or Nothin', and produced by the latter two. It became the recipient of two Grammy Award nominations for Best R&B Song and Song of the Year at the 61st Grammy Awards. American songwriter Joelle James first wrote "Boo'd Up" in 2014 | eng_Latn | 3,111,574 |
who plays taylor in the bold and beautiful | born again Christian. She attributes her daughter Katya's recovery from cancer to constant prayer and credits her faith for helping her deal with the death of her son, Michael. Tylo has been listed twice on "People" magazine's list of "50 Most Beautiful People In The World". Hunter Tylo Hunter Tylo (born Deborah Jo Hunter, July 3, 1962) is an American actress, author and former model. She is best known for her role as Taylor Hayes (1990–2002, 2004, 2005–13, 2014, 2018–) on "The Bold and the Beautiful". Tylo was born Deborah Jo Hunter in Fort Worth, Texas, the daughter of Jo | Jacqueline MacInnes Wood Jacqueline MacInnes Wood (born 17 April 1987) is a Canadian actress, disc jockey, singer and television host. She portrayed Olivia Castle in the film "Final Destination 5" and Steffy Forrester in TV soap opera "The Bold and the Beautiful", the latter earning her three Daytime Emmy Award nominations in 2012, 2013 and 2018. Jacqueline MacInnes Wood was born in Windsor, Ontario, the daughter of (Sandie) Alexandra MacInnes and James C. Wood. She is of indigenous (Cree), Scottish, French and Brazilian ancestry. Her half sister is Dani Probert, who was the wife of the late NHL player, Bob | eng_Latn | 3,111,575 |
who played bridget on the bold and the beautiful | Bridget Forrester Bridget Forrester is a fictional character on the CBS soap opera "The Bold and the Beautiful". She first appeared in 1992 as the infant daughter of Brooke Logan and Eric Forrester. The character was portrayed by actress Ashley Jones from December 2004 to January 2011 as a regular, but was dropped to recurring status and continued to make appearances up until February 29, 2012, when Bridget left for New York along with a few others. Since 2013, Jones has continued to make guest appearances on the soap, last appearing in September 2018. The role was originated by various | Jennifer Finnigan Jennifer Christina Finnigan (born August 22, 1979) is a Canadian actress, best known for her role as Bridget Forrester in the American soap opera "The Bold and the Beautiful" from 2000-04, for which she won three Daytime Emmy Awards for Best Younger Actress. She also appeared on the CBS legal drama "Close to Home" and on the ABC sitcom "Better with You". She also starred on the FX series "Tyrant". She later starred in the CBS thriller drama "Salvation". Finnigan was born in Montreal, Québec. She is the daughter of Diane Rioux Finnigan, and popular radio personality Jack | eng_Latn | 3,111,576 |
who does rosie end up with in love rosie | might regret it, alluding to how he felt about Rosie. After a moment, Toby finds Katie and apologizes for what he did. As he asks her to forget what just happened, Katie interrupts him with a kiss. In that moment, Alex learns that Rosie does not remember the kiss that they shared on her 18th birthday. He realizes that he had been mistaken in interpreting her desire to forget that night as her wanting to stay platonic. Years later, Rosie finally fulfills her ambition to start her own hotel. Alex is her second guest. When he arrives, he tells Rosie | that he ended his marriage with Bethany, and shares with her a recurring dream he has had about the two of them being together. Finally, they kiss. "Love, Rosie" received negative reviews from critics. Rotten Tomatoes gives it a score of 31% based on reviews from 52 critics, with an average rating of 4.6/10. The site's consensus states: "Lilly Collins and Sam Claflin are appealing, and they give it their all, but they're undone by Love, Rosie's silly, clichéd storyline." Metacritic gives it a of 44/100 based on reviews from 16 critics. Donald Clarke writing for The Irish Times describes | eng_Latn | 3,111,577 |
who plays dr. ben on the bold type | to still be in an assistant's job. Matt Ward rounds out the main ensemble as Alex, a fellow writer at "Scarlet". On March 30, 2017, it was announced that Nikohl Boosheri was cast to recur on the series as Adena El-Amin, a photographer who develops a complicated romantic relationship with Kat. Emily C. Chang joined the cast on May 2, 2017, as Lauren Park, a blunt and overworked executive editor at "Scarlet". On March 8, 2018, it was reported that newcomers Luca James Lee and Siobhan Murphy were tapped for recurring roles for second season. Lee plays Ben, a potential | The Bold Type The Bold Type is an American comedy-drama television series created by Sarah Watson, starring Katie Stevens, Aisha Dee, and Meghann Fahy. It is inspired by the life of former "Cosmopolitan" editor-in-chief Joanna Coles. The series officially premiered with a two-hour episode on Freeform on July 11, 2017, after the pilot episode was aired in a special preview on June 20, 2017. On October 4, 2017, Freeform renewed the series for two additional seasons of 10 episodes each. The second season premiered on June 12, 2018. The series centers on three friends – Jane (Katie Stevens), Kat (Aisha | eng_Latn | 3,111,578 |
who played taylor in bold and the beautiful | Hunter Tylo Hunter Tylo (born Deborah Jo Hunter, July 3, 1962) is an American actress, author and former model. She is best known for her role as Taylor Hayes (1990–2002, 2004, 2005–13, 2014, 2018–) on "The Bold and the Beautiful". Tylo was born Deborah Jo Hunter in Fort Worth, Texas, the daughter of Jo Anne and Morris Jabez Hunter. She is of Cherokee Native American descent on her mother's side. She has an older brother Jay, who passed away August 29, 2018, and a younger brother named Cliff. Tylo has been credited as Deborah Morehart; Morehart was the last name | Jacqueline MacInnes Wood Jacqueline MacInnes Wood (born 17 April 1987) is a Canadian actress, disc jockey, singer and television host. She portrayed Olivia Castle in the film "Final Destination 5" and Steffy Forrester in TV soap opera "The Bold and the Beautiful", the latter earning her three Daytime Emmy Award nominations in 2012, 2013 and 2018. Jacqueline MacInnes Wood was born in Windsor, Ontario, the daughter of (Sandie) Alexandra MacInnes and James C. Wood. She is of indigenous (Cree), Scottish, French and Brazilian ancestry. Her half sister is Dani Probert, who was the wife of the late NHL player, Bob | eng_Latn | 3,111,579 |
who plays taylor on the bold and beautiful | born again Christian. She attributes her daughter Katya's recovery from cancer to constant prayer and credits her faith for helping her deal with the death of her son, Michael. Tylo has been listed twice on "People" magazine's list of "50 Most Beautiful People In The World". Hunter Tylo Hunter Tylo (born Deborah Jo Hunter, July 3, 1962) is an American actress, author and former model. She is best known for her role as Taylor Hayes (1990–2002, 2004, 2005–13, 2014, 2018–) on "The Bold and the Beautiful". Tylo was born Deborah Jo Hunter in Fort Worth, Texas, the daughter of Jo | Kelly Kruger Kelly Kruger (born November 12, 1982) is a Canadian actress. She is best known for playing Mackenzie Browning on "The Young and the Restless". She currently portrays the recurring role of Eva on "The Bold and the Beautiful". She was born and raised in Montreal, Quebec, and speaks French fluently. In 2010, Kruger began dating former "Days of Our Lives" actor Darin Brooks. In February 2014, they partnered with an organization called Aid Still Required. At 17, Kelly was discovered by Elite Models while visiting her family in Los Angeles. She worked with multiple teen magazines, Macy’s, Sebastian | eng_Latn | 3,111,580 |
when did the bold and the beautiful premiere | The Bold and the Beautiful The Bold and the Beautiful (often referred to as B&B) is an American television soap opera created by William J. Bell and Lee Phillip Bell for CBS. It premiered on March 23, 1987 as a sister show to the Bells' other soap opera "The Young and the Restless"; several characters from each of the two shows have crossed over to the other since the early 1990s. Set in Los Angeles, California, the show centers upon the Forrester family and their fashion house business Forrester Creations. The program features an ensemble cast, headed by its longest-serving | actors John McCook as Eric Forrester and Katherine Kelly Lang as Brooke Logan. Since its premiere, the show has become the most-watched soap in the world, with an audience of an estimated 26.2 million viewers. As of 2010, it continues to hold on to the second-placed position in weekly Nielsen Ratings for daytime dramas. "The Bold and the Beautiful" has also won 31 Daytime Emmy Awards, including three for Outstanding Drama Series, in 2009, 2010, as well as 2011. On September 7, 2011, the series switched to high definition, making it the second-to-last American soap to make the switch, at | eng_Latn | 3,111,581 |
who plays thomas on the bold and the beautiful | role of Thomas Forrester on the CBS Daytime soap opera "The Bold and the Beautiful". On September 7, 2017, "Soap Opera Digest" announced that Fodé would depart the role of Thomas; he made his last appearance on September 13, 2017. On the evening of February 16, 2018, it was announced that Fodé would reprise his portrayal of Thomas for a short-term storyline; he'll begin making appearances on March 9, 2018. Pierson Fodé Pierson Dane Fodé (born November 6, 1991) is an American actor and model. He is perhaps best known for his role as Ely in the 2015 comedy/romance film | a "handsome, tall, Caucasian man in his 20s with a great physique" to play Thomas was released. In June 2015, it was announced that Pierson Fodé would join the cast in the role of Thomas. Fodé made his debut on July 27, 2015. On September 7, 2017, "Soap Opera Digest" announced that Fodé would depart the role of Thomas. He last appeared on September 13, 2017. On the evening of February 16, 2018, it was announced that Fodé would reprise his portrayal of Thomas for a short-term storyline; he'll begin making appearances on March 9 until April 5, 2018. The | eng_Latn | 3,111,582 |
who played rosie in the lord of the rings | Sarah McLeod Sarah McLeod (born 18 July 1971) is a New Zealand film and television actress. Her most notable role was in the Peter Jackson films "" and "" as Rosie Cotton, a female hobbit who marries Samwise Gamgee. Her daughter Maisy played Rosie and Sam's baby. McLeod also co-starred in the New Zealand soap opera "Shortland Street" as Cindy Watson from 2008 to 2009. McLeod knew Liz Mulane, the casting director of Peter Jackson's "The Lord of the Rings" from an earlier film of his that she had appeared in called "Forgotten Silver". McLeod was six-months pregnant when she | the stage, starring with Kate Beckinsale, Sean Bean, Robert De Niro, Geoffrey Rush, Heather Graham, and Jacqueline Bisset. Fellner co-founded the production company, Rosebud Pictures, with her husband, Adrian Vitoria. Fellner was born in Galway, Ireland to British parents, Vaughan Fell and Ruth Fellner. After her parents divorced, Rosie's mother brought her and her siblings first to France, then to Portugal, before finally settling in the mountains behind Malaga in southern Spain. There, she learned to speak fluent Spanish and finished high school. As a child, her love of Shakespeare led her to play Hermia in a mountaintop theatre in | eng_Latn | 3,111,583 |
who played bridget in the bold and the beautiful | Jennifer Finnigan Jennifer Christina Finnigan (born August 22, 1979) is a Canadian actress, best known for her role as Bridget Forrester in the American soap opera "The Bold and the Beautiful" from 2000-04, for which she won three Daytime Emmy Awards for Best Younger Actress. She also appeared on the CBS legal drama "Close to Home" and on the ABC sitcom "Better with You". She also starred on the FX series "Tyrant". She later starred in the CBS thriller drama "Salvation". Finnigan was born in Montreal, Québec. She is the daughter of Diane Rioux Finnigan, and popular radio personality Jack | Jacqueline MacInnes Wood Jacqueline MacInnes Wood (born 17 April 1987) is a Canadian actress, disc jockey, singer and television host. She portrayed Olivia Castle in the film "Final Destination 5" and Steffy Forrester in TV soap opera "The Bold and the Beautiful", the latter earning her three Daytime Emmy Award nominations in 2012, 2013 and 2018. Jacqueline MacInnes Wood was born in Windsor, Ontario, the daughter of (Sandie) Alexandra MacInnes and James C. Wood. She is of indigenous (Cree), Scottish, French and Brazilian ancestry. Her half sister is Dani Probert, who was the wife of the late NHL player, Bob | eng_Latn | 3,111,584 |
who plays taylor forrester on bold and the beautiful | born again Christian. She attributes her daughter Katya's recovery from cancer to constant prayer and credits her faith for helping her deal with the death of her son, Michael. Tylo has been listed twice on "People" magazine's list of "50 Most Beautiful People In The World". Hunter Tylo Hunter Tylo (born Deborah Jo Hunter, July 3, 1962) is an American actress, author and former model. She is best known for her role as Taylor Hayes (1990–2002, 2004, 2005–13, 2014, 2018–) on "The Bold and the Beautiful". Tylo was born Deborah Jo Hunter in Fort Worth, Texas, the daughter of Jo | January 2016, Taylor was featured in the world premiere of Samuel D. Hunter's "Clarkson" at the Dallas Theatre Center. In July 2016, Taylor played the role of Tyler Clementi in the world premiere of Craig Carnelia and Joe Tracz's "Poster Boy" at the Williamstown Theatre Festival. Trensch read the role of "Jack" in the reading of the screenplay for the movie version of "Into the Woods". Trensch was featured in the role of Barnaby Tucker in the Revival of "Hello, Dolly!" that began Broadway previews March 15, 2017, and opened April 20 at the Shubert Theatre. The show stars Bette | eng_Latn | 3,111,585 |
actress who plays caroline on bold and beautiful | Linsey Godfrey Linsey Godfrey (born July 25, 1988) is an American actress. From 2012 to 2018, she starred as Caroline Spencer on the CBS daytime soap opera "The Bold and the Beautiful". She is also known for her role in the 2010 television movie, "Jack's Family Adventure". Godfrey was born July 25, 1988. She was raised in Stuart, Florida, where she lived with her mother, Char Griggs, and her step-father, Ronnie Griggs. Godfrey attended South Fork High School before she moved to Los Angeles to further her acting career. She is an accomplished angler. In 2006, Godfrey was visiting her | Degnan, Cummings announced that she had been diagnosed with invasive ductal carcinoma—an aggressive form of breast cancer—and had begun treatment at UCLA. Erin Cummings Erin Lynn Cummings (born July 19, 1977) is an American actress. She has appeared in the television shows "", "Charmed", "Dante's Cove", "The Bold and the Beautiful", "Cold Case", "Dollhouse", "", and "Detroit 1-8-7". Cummings was born in Lafayette, Louisiana. Her father served in the military. Erin lived in Korea, Nebraska and various areas of Louisiana and later grew up in Huntsville, Texas. She graduated with a degree in Journalism from the University of North Texas | eng_Latn | 3,111,586 |
the rosie project who is her biological father | father and after she marries Don, the two of them move to America to start anew. The book ends with Don running a final test on a sample of Phil's DNA, which confirms that he was her biological father all along, and the whole issue was raised by Rosie's mother because of Gene's negligence in explaining to his students the rules of eye colour inheritance. In September 2014 it was confirmed that Sony Pictures optioned film rights to "The Rosie Project". Simsion penned the first draft of the script and screenwriters Scott Neustadter and Michael H. Weber were later brought | after Gene introduces him to Rosie, a bartender whom he quickly eliminates as unsuitable per his criteria. Despite this, Don finds himself quickly drawn to her and even goes so far to agree to help her find her biological father, a man that her mother slept with after a graduation party - a task Don terms the "Father Project". Her mother is dead and as such, Rosie cannot ask her for the answer and can only go on the information that her father was an attendee at the party. The two manage to eliminate most of the attendees via DNA | eng_Latn | 3,111,587 |
who did new york choose on i love new york | I Love New York (TV series) I Love New York is a reality television series featuring Tiffany "New York" Pollard on a quest to find her true love. The series first aired on VH1 as a spin off to "Flavor of Love", another relationship competition series, which featured Pollard as a finalist in two consecutive seasons. The winner of the show's first season, Tango (Patrick S. Hunter) failed to deliver as New York's soul mate. When the second season aired, Tailor Made (George Weisgerber) was revealed as New York's chosen flame. (Weisgerber and Pollard later separated during the taping of | Patrick S. Hunter Patrick S. Hunter, also known as Tango, (born July 30, 1979) is best known for his role on VH1's Bachelor-style dating show "I Love New York", and was the winner of the 20 contenders vying for the affections of Tiffany "New York" Pollard in the first season of the series. During the show, Tango was considered the rough, yet sensitive suitor. Before his appearance on the reality show, Tango was a songwriter and co-owner of a Tampa, Florida-based independent record label. Born in Tampa, Tango was discovered by VH1 producers through his Myspace page. After the show's | eng_Latn | 3,111,588 |
who plays sally on bold and the beautiful | The Bold and the Beautiful characters (2017) "The Bold and the Beautiful" is an American television soap opera. It was first broadcast on March 23, 1987, and airs on CBS. The following is a list of characters that first appeared or will appear in the soap in 2017, by order of first appearance. All characters are introduced by the series' executive producer and head writer Bradley Bell, and co-head writer Michael Minnis. Sally Spectra, played by Courtney Hope, first appeared on January 31, 2017. In March 2018, it was announced that Hope would exit the role of Sally. She made | Darlene Conley Darlene Conley (July 18, 1934 – January 14, 2007) was an American actress. Conley's career spanned fifty years, but she was best known for her performances in daytime television, and in particular, for her portrayal of larger-than-life fashion industrialist Sally Spectra on "The Bold and the Beautiful". Conley played the role from 1989 until her death seventeen years later. Darlene's character Sally is the only soap opera character to be displayed at Madame Tussaud's wax figures galleries in Amsterdam and Las Vegas. Conley, an Irish American, was born south of Chicago in Chicago Heights, Illinois, the daughter of | eng_Latn | 3,111,589 |
who plays tucky on orange is the new black | Taryn Manning Taryn Manning (born November 6, 1978) is an American actress and singer. Manning made her film debut in the teen drama "Crazy/Beautiful" (2001), followed by a lead part opposite Britney Spears in "Crossroads" (2002), which garnered her mainstream attention. She then appeared in "8 Mile" (2002), "White Oleander" (2002), "A Lot Like Love" (2005) and "Hustle & Flow" (2005). Manning has also had a main role on "Hawaii Five-0" and had recurring roles in television on "Sons of Anarchy", and plays the role of Tiffany "Pennsatucky" Doggett in the Netflix original series "Orange Is the New Black". Manning | 14, 2016. Lapkus married Mike Castle on October 5, 2018. Lauren Lapkus Dorthea Lauren Allegra Lapkus (born September 6, 1985) is an American actress and comedian known for portraying Susan Fischer in the Netflix original series "Orange Is the New Black" and Jess in the HBO series "Crashing". She has also made appearances on such television shows as "Jimmy Kimmel Live!", "The Middle", "Hot in Cleveland", and "@midnight" and films such as "Jurassic World". She has appeared on many podcasts, including "Comedy Bang! Bang!", "improv4humans", and her own podcast "With Special Guest Lauren Lapkus". She was a main cast member | eng_Latn | 3,111,590 |
who plays maya on bold and the beautiful | Karla Cheatham Mosley Karla Cheatham Mosley is an American actress and singer. She starred on the Emmy-nominated children's show "Hi-5"; she has starred in numerous plays and also had minor roles in several other TV shows and films. She regularly appeared as Christina Moore Boudreau in the soap opera "Guiding Light" and can currently be seen as Maya Avant in "The Bold and the Beautiful". Karla Cheatham Mosley was born and raised in Westchester County, New York. She graduated from New York University's Tisch School of the Arts, with honors, and went on to study in France at the Roy | Maya Avant Maya Avant is a fictional character from "The Bold and the Beautiful", an American soap opera on the CBS network, portrayed by Karla Mosley. Introduced as a series regular in 2013, ex-con Maya comes to town looking for her daughter who was put up for adoption by Dayzee Forrester (Kristolyn Lloyd). After the child is revealed to have died, Maya falls for fashion executive Rick Forrester (Jacob Young) when she mistakes him for a waiter. Discovering Rick's true identity scares Maya into the arms of attorney Carter Walton (Lawrence Saint-Victor). Maya quickly rises to fame in the modeling | eng_Latn | 3,111,591 |
who is liam on the bold and the beautiful | auditioned for the role. On his first day on set, Clifton was told that his character would be called Liam. He then met with the executive producer Bradley Bell, who told him about Liam's backstory and that he would be Bill Spencer, Jr.'s (Don Diamont) long-lost son, which is why they decided to name him Liam, short for William. Clifton kept the information to himself, until it was revealed in the scripts. He filmed his first scenes on May 25, and made his screen debut as Liam on July 19, 2010. Scott Clifton's job on "The Bold and the Beautiful" | before he moved. Of the character's unrevealed history, Clifton knows little. His interpretation of the character is that he is from the Midwest. He also believes that, while Liam's mother is dead, he has a living stepfather, who has yet to be introduced. After the death of his mother, Liam relocates to Los Angeles to find his biological father. His only clue is that his father worked at the prestigious fashion house Forrester Creations. Liam finds employment as a computer technician at Spencer Publications and befriends Steffy Forrester (Jacqueline MacInnes Wood). Liam later reveals that he could be Ridge Forrester's | eng_Latn | 3,111,592 |
who played the original thorne on bold and the beautiful | Jeff Trachta Jeff Trachta (born October 6, 1960 in Staten Island, New York) is an American actor and singer, best known for portraying Thorne Forrester on the soap opera "The Bold and the Beautiful" from 1989 to 1996. He was the second of four actors to play this role; he was preceded by Clayton Norcross and succeeded by Winsor Harmon. In June 2008, Trachta was seen performing on the Holland American ship, "M.S. Amsterdam" heading to Alaska. He appeared in "America's Got Talent (season 12)" as "The Singing Trump", impersonating President Donald Trump. He advanced past auditions receiving three "yes" | in London on 4 October 2010, followed by a Q&A session featuring writer Mark Billingham and actors David Morrissey and Eddie Marsan. Although directly adapted from the novels, there are many notable differences in the series, including; Brigstocke's sex has been changed; Dave Holland's ethnicity has been changed; and Phil Hendricks is portrayed as a short, partly tattooed Irishman with a full head of hair, a juxtaposition of the tall, bald, heavily pierced, heavily tattooed Mancunian described in Billingham's novels. In the United States, Encore broadcast all six episodes of the series across two nights. "Sleepyhead" and "Scaredycat" aired on | eng_Latn | 3,111,593 |
kohl makeup was used in ancient egypt for | Beauty and cosmetics in ancient Egypt The ancient Egyptians regarded beauty as a sign of holiness. Everything the ancient Egyptians used had a spiritual aspect to it, including cosmetics. Traders traded makeup often, especially in the upper classes. In tombs, cosmetic palettes were found buried with the deceased as grave goods which further emphasized the idea that cosmetics were not only used for aesthetic purposes but rather magical and religious purposes. The two main forms of eye makeup were grepond eye paint and black kohl. The green eye paint was made of malachite, a copper carbonate pigment, and the black | kohl was made from galena, a dark grey ore. Crushed charcoal was also used in this process. Mesdemet or Kohl was used for lining the eyes and were revealed to bring along potent health benefits in the form of protection from disease, bugs and sun rays. The ancient Egyptians were not entirely misguided in believing that kohl would prevent eye infections because it actually did help to prevent bacterial infections ocular infection associated with flood waters from the Nile. The lead-based substances in the kohl promoted the production of nitric oxide in their skin, which helped strengthen their immune systems | eng_Latn | 3,111,594 |
how many types of skin color are there | used in physical anthropology and medicine to determine the shades of hair color. The scale uses the following designations: A (very light blond), B to E (light blond), F to L (blond), M to O (dark blond), P to T (light brown to brown), U to Y (dark brown/black) and Roman numerals I to IV (red) and V to VI (red blond). Brown hair is characterized by higher levels of eumelanin and lower levels of pheomelanin. Of the two types of eumelanin (black and brown), brown-haired people have brown eumelanin; they also usually have medium-thick strands of hair. Brown-haired girls | Human skin color Human skin color ranges in variety from the darkest brown to the lightest hues. An individual's skin pigmentation is the result of genetics, being the product of both of the individual's biological parents' genetic makeup, and exposure to sun. In evolution, skin pigmentation in human beings evolved by a process of natural selection primarily to regulate the amount of ultraviolet radiation penetrating the skin, controlling its biochemical effects. The actual skin color of different humans is affected by many substances, although the single most important substance is the pigment melanin. Melanin is produced within the skin in | eng_Latn | 3,111,595 |
what is the maximum frequency of visible light in hertz | be detected in astronomical objects by emission lines and absorption lines. The shifting of spectral lines can be used to measure the Doppler shift (red shift or blue shift) of distant objects. Visible spectrum The visible spectrum is the portion of the electromagnetic spectrum that is visible to the human eye. Electromagnetic radiation in this range of wavelengths is called visible light or simply light. A typical human eye will respond to wavelengths from about 390 to 700 nanometers. In terms of frequency, this corresponds to a band in the vicinity of 430–770 THz. The spectrum does not contain all | gigahertz (GHz). Light is electromagnetic radiation that is even higher in frequency, and has frequencies in the range of tens (infrared) to thousands (ultraviolet) of terahertz. Electromagnetic radiation with frequencies in the low terahertz range (intermediate between those of the highest normally usable radio frequencies and long-wave infrared light) is often called terahertz radiation. Even higher frequencies exist, such as that of gamma rays, which can be measured in exahertz (EHz). (For historical reasons, the frequencies of light and higher frequency electromagnetic radiation are more commonly specified in terms of their wavelengths or photon energies: for a more detailed treatment | eng_Latn | 3,111,596 |
what is the colour of phenolphthalein in hcl acid | Hydrochloric acid Hydrochloric acid is a colorless inorganic chemical system with the formula . Hydrochloric acid has a distinctive pungent smell. It is mainly produced as a precursor to vinyl chloride for PVC. It is classified as strongly acidic and can attack the skin over a wide composition range, since the hydrogen chloride practically dissociates completely in solution. Hydrochloric acid is the simplest chlorine-based acid system containing water. It is a solution of hydrogen chloride and water, and a variety of other chemical species, including hydronium and chloride ions. It is an important chemical reagent and industrial chemical, used primarily | phenolphthalein, the molecule ⇌ ions equilibrium shifts to the right, leading to more ionization as H ions are removed. This is predicted by Le Chatelier's principle. Phenolphthalein's common use is as an indicator in acid-base titrations. It also serves as a component of universal indicator, together with methyl red, bromothymol blue, and thymol blue. Phenolphthalein adopts four different states in aqueous solution: Under very strongly acidic conditions, it exists in protonated form (HIn), providing an orange colouration. Between strongly acidic and slightly basic conditions, the lactone form (HIn) is colourless. The doubly deprotonated (In) phenolate form (the anion form of | eng_Latn | 3,111,597 |
what is a three dimensional image produced by laser light | space can be reproduced. In common practice, however, major image quality compromises are made to eliminate the need for laser illumination when viewing the hologram, and sometimes, to the extent possible, also when making it. Holographic portraiture often resorts to a non-holographic intermediate imaging procedure, to avoid the hazardous high-powered pulsed lasers otherwise needed to optically "freeze" living subjects as perfectly as the extremely motion-intolerant holographic recording process requires. Holograms can now also be entirely computer-generated to show objects or scenes that never existed. Holography is distinct from lenticular and other earlier autostereoscopic 3D display technologies, which can produce superficially | Color image A (digital) color image is a digital image that includes color information for each pixel. For visually acceptable results, it is necessary (and almost sufficient) to provide three samples ("color channels") for each pixel, which are interpreted as coordinates in some color space. The RGB color space is commonly used in computer displays, but other spaces such as YCbCr, HSV, and are often used in other contexts. A color image has three values (or channels) per pixel and they measure the intensity and chrominance of light. The actual information stored in the digital image data is the brightness | eng_Latn | 3,111,598 |
what is the pattern on a leopard 's coat called | Leopard (pattern) A leopard pattern is a spotted color pattern, particularly in the hair coat or skin of animals, but can also describe spotting patterns in plants and fabrics. The term refers to the black and gold spotted coat of the leopard cat, but is used to describe many color combinations that result in spots scattered randomly across the skin or hair coat of other animals. Examples of animals with coloring patterns termed "leopard" include many great cats in the genus "Panthera", the leopard frog, the "leopard" spotting pattern in the Appaloosa and Knabstrupper breeds of horses, the leopard seal, | Brindle Brindle is a coat coloring pattern in animals, particularly dogs, cattle, guinea pigs, and, rarely, horses. It is sometimes described as "tiger-striped", although the brindle pattern is more subtle than that of a tiger's coat. The streaks of color are irregular and usually darker than the base color of the coat, although very dark markings can be seen on a coat that is only slightly lighter. The brindle pattern may also take the place of tan in tricolor coats of some dog breeds (such as Basenjis). This coloration looks very similar to tricolor, and can be distinguished only at | eng_Latn | 3,111,599 |
one of the reasons they are so important is that all b vitamins function as | B vitamins B vitamins are a class of water-soluble vitamins that play important roles in cell metabolism. Though these vitamins share similar names, they are chemically distinct compounds that often coexist in the same foods. In general, dietary supplements containing all eight are referred to as a vitamin B complex. Individual B vitamin supplements are referred to by the specific number or name of each vitamin: B = thiamine, B = riboflavin, B = niacin, etc. Some are better known by name than number: niacin, pantothenic acid, biotin and folate. Each B vitamin is either a cofactor (generally a coenzyme) | Vitamin B12 Vitamin B, also called cobalamin, is a water-soluble vitamin that is involved in the metabolism of every cell of the human body: it is a cofactor in DNA synthesis, and in both fatty acid and amino acid metabolism. It is particularly important in the normal functioning of the nervous system via its role in the synthesis of myelin, and in the maturation of developing red blood cells in the bone marrow. Vitamin B is one of eight B vitamins; it is the largest and most structurally complicated vitamin. It consists of a class of chemically related compounds (vitamers), | eng_Latn | 3,111,600 |
albinism is due to the inability to make | all vertebrates, including humans. It is due to absence or defect of tyrosinase, a copper-containing enzyme involved in the production of melanin. It is the opposite of melanism. Unlike humans, other animals have multiple pigments and for these, albinism is considered to be a hereditary condition characterised by the absence of melanin in particular, in the eyes, skin, hair, scales, feathers or cuticle. While an organism with complete absence of melanin is called an albino, an organism with only a diminished amount of melanin is described as leucistic or albinoid. The term is from the Latin "albus", "white". There are | lead to: Eye conditions common in albinism include: The improper development of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), which in normal eyes absorbs most of the reflected sunlight, further increases glare due to light scattering within the eye. The resulting sensitivity (photophobia) generally leads to discomfort in bright light, but this can be reduced by the use of sunglasses or brimmed hats. Oculocutaneous albinism is generally the result of the biological inheritance of genetically recessive alleles (genes) passed from both parents of an individual for example OCA1 and OCA2. A mutation in the human TRP-1 gene may result in the deregulation | eng_Latn | 3,111,601 |
which colour of kryptonite would permanently remove super powers from superman | Kryptonite Kryptonite is a material that appears primarily in Superman stories. In its most well-known form, it is a green, crystalline material that emits a peculiar radiation that weakens and sickens Superman, but is generally harmless to humans when exposed to it in short term. However, when it gets into their bloodstream it can poison them. There are other varieties of kryptonite such as red and gold kryptonite which have different but still generally negative effects on Superman. Due to Superman's popularity "kryptonite" has become a byword for an extraordinary weakness, synonymous with "Achilles' heel". An unpublished 1940 story titled | with other gases to make luminous signs that glow with a bright greenish-yellow light. Krypton is mixed with argon in energy efficient fluorescent lamps, reducing the power consumption, but also reducing the light output and raising the cost. Krypton costs about 100 times as much as argon. Krypton (along with xenon) is also used to fill incandescent lamps to reduce filament evaporation and allow higher operating temperatures. A brighter light results with more blue color than conventional incandescent lamps. Krypton's white discharge is often used to good effect in colored gas discharge tubes, which are simply painted or stained to | eng_Latn | 3,111,602 |
what is the term to describe seasonal color groups and combinations | promotion of different versions of seasonal analysis by image and color consultants worldwide. Seasonal analysis is a technique that attempts to place individual coloring into the tonal groupings of Winter, Spring, Summer and Autumn, or their sub-variants. However, the approach can vary greatly among different schools of thought. Some color analysis systems classify an individual's personal combination of hair color, eye color and skin tone using labels that refer to a color's "temperature" (cool blue vs. warm yellow) and the degree to which the hair, skin and eye colors contrast. Cosmetic colors are often determined by hair or eye color | Ombré Ombré (literally "shaded" in French) is the gradual blending of one color hue to another, usually moving tints and shades from light to dark. It has become a popular feature for hair coloring, nail art, and even baking, in addition to its uses in home decorating and graphic design. Using shading or creating an "ombré" effect is ubiquitous. For instance, in fabric printing, using a special printing block called a "rainbowed" block, was used in the early 19th century to produce textiles with graduated color designs. "Ombré" as a textile treatment came back into fashion in around 1840 and | eng_Latn | 3,111,603 |
how long until a sunburn starts to peel | inflicted harm is often not immediately obvious. After the exposure, skin may turn red in as little as 30 minutes but most often takes 2 to 6 hours. Pain is usually strongest 6 to 48 hours after exposure. The burn continues to develop for 1 to 3 days, occasionally followed by peeling skin in 3 to 8 days. Some peeling and itching may continue for several weeks. Ultraviolet radiation causes sunburns and increases the risk of three types of skin cancer: melanoma, basal-cell carcinoma and squamous-cell carcinoma. Of greatest concern is that the melanoma risk increases in a dose-dependent manner | in vitamin D deficiency, but extensive usage may. Research has shown that the best sunscreen protection is achieved by application 15 to 30 minutes before exposure, followed by one reapplication 15 to 30 minutes after exposure begins. Further reapplication is necessary only after activities such as swimming, sweating, and rubbing. This varies based on the indications and protection shown on the label — from as little as 80 minutes in water to a few hours, depending on the product selected. The American Academy of Dermatology recommends the following criteria in selecting a sunscreen: The eyes are also sensitive to sun | eng_Latn | 3,111,604 |
type of antigen that triggers an allergic reaction | the entire body is involved, then anaphylaxis can take place, which is an acute, systemic reaction that can prove fatal. Some examples: Type I hypersensitivity Type I hypersensitivity (or immediate hypersensitivity) is an allergic reaction provoked by reexposure to a specific type of antigen referred to as an allergen. Type I is not to be confused with type II, type III, or type IV hypersensitivities, nor is it to be confused with Type I Diabetes or Type I of any other disease or reaction. Exposure may be by ingestion, inhalation, injection, or direct contact. In type 1 hypersensitivity, B-cells are | Antigen In immunology, Antigens are substances specifically bound by antibodies or T lymphocyte antigen receptors. They are substances that stimulate production of or are recognized by antibodies. Sometimes antigens are part of the host itself in an autoimmune disease. Antigens are "targeted" by antibodies. Each antibody is specifically produced by the immune system to match an antigen after cells in the immune system come into contact with it; this allows a precise identification or matching of the antigen and the initiation of a tailored response. The antibody is said to "match" the antigen in the sense that it can bind | eng_Latn | 3,111,605 |
what color does methyl orange turn in an acid | Methyl red Methyl red (2-("N","N"-dimethyl-4-aminophenyl) azobenzenecarboxylic acid), also called C.I. Acid Red 2, is an indicator dye that turns red in acidic solutions. It is an azo dye, and is a dark red crystalline powder. Methyl red is a pH indicator; it is red in pH under 4.4, yellow in pH over 6.2, and orange in between, with a p"K" of 5.1. Murexide and methyl red are investigated as promising enhancers of sonochemical destruction of chlorinated hydrocarbon pollutants. Methyl red is classed by the IARC in group 3 - unclassified as to carcinogenic potential in humans. As an azo dye, | occurring for a solution increasing in acidity. The entire color change occurs in acidic conditions. In an acid, it is reddish and in alkali, it is yellow. Methyl orange has a pK of 3.47 in water at . Modified (or screened) methyl orange, an indicator consisting of a solution of methyl orange and xylene cyanol, changes from grey-violet to green as the solution becomes more basic. Methyl orange has mutagenic properties. Direct contact should be avoided. Methyl orange Methyl orange is a pH indicator frequently used in titration because of its clear and distinct color variance at different pH values. | eng_Latn | 3,111,606 |
the set of frequencies produced by an excited state atom is called its | Emission spectrum The emission spectrum of a chemical element or chemical compound is the spectrum of frequencies of electromagnetic radiation emitted due to an atom or molecule making a transition from a high energy state to a lower energy state. The photon energy of the emitted photon is equal to the energy difference between the two states. There are many possible electron transitions for each atom, and each transition has a specific energy difference. This collection of different transitions, leading to different radiated wavelengths, make up an emission spectrum. Each element's emission spectrum is unique. Therefore, spectroscopy can be used | excited state absorption. A further consequence is reaction of the atom in the excited state, as in photochemistry. Excited states give rise to chemical reaction. Excited state In quantum mechanics, an excited state of a system (such as an atom, molecule or nucleus) is any quantum state of the system that has a higher energy than the ground state (that is, more energy than the absolute minimum). Excitation is an elevation in energy level above an arbitrary baseline energy state. In physics there is a specific technical definition for energy level which is often associated with an atom being raised | eng_Latn | 3,111,607 |
blue litmus paper turns red when the ph of a solution is | alkaline conditions, with the color change occurring over the pH range 4.5–8.3 at . Neutral litmus paper is purple. Litmus can also be prepared as an aqueous solution that functions similarly. Under acidic conditions, the solution is red, and under alkaline conditions, the solution is blue. Chemical reactions other than acid-base can also cause a color change to litmus paper. For instance, chlorine gas turns blue litmus paper white – the litmus dye is bleached, because of presence of hypochlorite ions. This reaction is irreversible, so the litmus is not acting as an indicator in this situation. The litmus mixture | exposed to a basic compound, the hydrogen ions react with the added base. The conjugate base, formed from the litmus acid, has a blue color, so the wet red litmus paper turns blue in alkaline solution. Litmus Litmus is a water-soluble mixture of different dyes extracted from lichens. It is often absorbed onto filter paper to produce one of the oldest forms of pH indicator, used to test materials for acidity. Litmus was used for the first time about 1300 AD by Spanish physician Arnaldus de Villa Nova. From the 16th century on, the blue dye was extracted from some | eng_Latn | 3,111,608 |
when the traffic light is red it means | signals must be treated as all-way stop intersections. In Italy as well as some jurisdictions in the US, traffic lights inactive at nighttime emit a yellow-coloured flashing signal in directions owing priority while the intersecting street emit a flashing red light, requiring drivers to stop before proceeding. In Germany the priority directions will not be illuminated while the intersecting streets will be shown a flashing yellow signal. In an era when intersections were often controlled by a single traffic signal head, many signals were installed on pedestals in the centers of intersections. Often referred to as "dummy lights," these installations | the traffic lights. Some systems use audio detection, where a certain type of siren must be used and detected by a receiver on the traffic light structure. Upon activation the normal traffic light cycle is suspended and replaced by the "preemption sequence": the traffic lights to all approaches to the intersection are switched to "red" with the exception of the light for the vehicle that has triggered the preemption sequence. Sometimes, an additional signal light is placed nearby to indicate to the preempting vehicle that the preempting sequence has been activated and to warn other motorists of the approach of | eng_Latn | 3,111,609 |
how long dose it take for hair to grow | a new strand of hair begins to form. The rate or speed of hair growth is about 1.25 centimetres or 0.5 inches per month, or about 15 centimetres or 6 inches per year. The anagen phase is known as the growth phase. This is the phase where the hair physically grows approximately 1 cm per month. It begins in the papilla and can last from two to six years. The span at which the hair remains in this stage of growth is determined by genetics. The longer the hair stays in the anagen phase, the longer it will grow. During | by the temperature/time combination. Hair grows in several phases (anagen, telogen, catagen) and a laser can only affect the currently active growing hair follicles (early anagen). Hence, several sessions are needed to damage the hair in all phases of growth and force it to revert to a vellus non-colored small hair. Multiple treatments depending on the type of hair and skin color have been shown to provide long-term reduction of hair. Most patients need a minimum of eight treatments. Current parameters differ from device to device but manufacturers and clinicians generally recommend waiting from three to eight weeks between sessions, | eng_Latn | 3,111,610 |
what is something that gives out light called | clothing and more. Fluorescence Fluorescence is the emission of light by a substance that has absorbed light or other electromagnetic radiation. It is a form of luminescence. In most cases, the emitted light has a longer wavelength, and therefore lower energy, than the absorbed radiation. The most striking example of fluorescence occurs when the absorbed radiation is in the ultraviolet region of the spectrum, and thus invisible to the human eye, while the emitted light is in the visible region, which gives the fluorescent substance a distinct color that can be seen only when exposed to UV light. Fluorescent materials | commonly seen pure-blue colour in a gas flame or a welder's torch is in fact due to molecular emission, notably by CH radicals (emitting a wavelength band around 425 nm, and is not seen in stars or pure thermal radiation). Atoms emit and absorb light at characteristic energies. This produces "emission lines" in the spectrum of each atom. Emission can be spontaneous, as in light-emitting diodes, gas discharge lamps (such as neon lamps and neon signs, mercury-vapor lamps, etc.), and flames (light from the hot gas itself—so, for example, sodium in a gas flame emits characteristic yellow light). Emission can | eng_Latn | 3,111,611 |
what is opposite orange on the color wheel | For example, light blue, indigo, and cyan blue. Complementary colors are colors across from each other on a color wheel. For example, blue and orange. Triadic colors are colors that are evenly across from each other, in a triangle over the color wheel. For example, the primary colors red, yellow, and blue are triadic colors. For a list of ways to construct color schemes, regarding properties such as warmness/achromiticness/complementariness, see color theory. Analogous color schemes use colors that are next to each other on the color wheel. They usually match well and create serene and comfortable designs. Analogous color schemes | complementary colors, for example). The original color circle of Isaac Newton showed only the spectral hues and was provided to illustrate a rule for the color of mixtures of lights, that these could be approximately predicted from the center of gravity of the numbers of "rays" of each spectral color present (represented in his diagram by small circles). The divisions of Newton's circle are of unequal size, being based on the intervals of a Dorian musical scale. Most later color circles include the purples, however, between red and violet, and have equal-sized hue divisions. Color scientists and psychologists often use | eng_Latn | 3,111,612 |
where are pigment molecules that give hair color located | Biological pigment Biological pigments, also known simply as pigments or biochromes, are substances produced by living organisms that have a color resulting from selective color absorption. Biological pigments include plant pigments and flower pigments. Many biological structures, such as skin, eyes, feathers, fur and hair contain pigments such as melanin in specialized cells called chromatophores. Pigment color differs from structural color in that it is the same for all viewing angles, whereas structural color is the result of selective reflection or iridescence, usually because of multilayer structures. For example, butterfly wings typically contain structural color, although many butterflies have cells | beliefs or social position, such as their age, sex, or religion. The word "hair" usually refers to two distinct structures: Hair fibers have a structure consisting of several layers, starting from the outside: Each strand of hair is made up of the medulla, cortex, and cuticle. The innermost region, the medulla, is not always present and is an open, unstructured region. The highly structural and organized cortex, or second of three layers of the hair, is the primary source of mechanical strength and water uptake. The cortex contains melanin, which colors the fiber based on the number, distribution and types | eng_Latn | 3,111,613 |
indicator for titration of strong acid with strong base | between pH 8-10, indicating the solution is basic at the equivalence point and an indicator such as phenolphthalein would be appropriate. Titration curves corresponding to weak bases and strong acids are similarly behaved, with the solution being acidic at the equivalence point and indicators such as methyl orange and bromothymol blue being most appropriate. Titrations between a weak acid and a weak base have titration curves which are highly irregular. Because of this, no definite indicator may be appropriate and a pH meter is often used to monitor the reaction. The type of function that can be used to describe | of the equivalence point can be estimated using the following rules: When a weak acid reacts with a weak base, the equivalence point solution will be basic if the base is stronger and acidic if the acid is stronger. If both are of equal strength, then the equivalence pH will be neutral. However, weak acids are not often titrated against weak bases because the colour change shown with the indicator is often quick, and therefore very difficult for the observer to see the change of colour. The point at which the indicator changes colour is called the "end point". A | eng_Latn | 3,111,614 |
coefficient of viscosity of honey is greater than | effect on viscosity, with the exception of a few types. At , honey with 14% water content generally has a viscosity around 400 poise, while a honey containing 20% water has a viscosity around 20 poise. Viscosity increase due to temperature occurs very slowly at first. A honey containing 16% water, at , has a viscosity around 2 poise, while at , the viscosity is around 70 poise. As cooling progresses, honey becomes more viscous at an increasingly rapid rate, reaching 600 poise around . However, while honey is very viscous, it has rather low surface tension of 50--60 mJ/m, | darker in color, and eventually burns. However, honey contains fructose, which caramelizes at lower temperatures than glucose. The temperature at which caramelization begins varies, depending on the composition, but is typically between . Honey also contains acids, which act as catalysts for caramelization. The specific types of acids and their amounts play a primary role in determining the exact temperature. Of these acids, the amino acids, which occur in very small amounts, play an important role in the darkening of honey. The amino acids form darkened compounds called melanoidins, during a Maillard reaction. The Maillard reaction occurs slowly at room | eng_Latn | 3,111,615 |
what is the purpose of hydrogen peroxide in hair color | achieve. Demi-permanent hair colors are not permanent but the darker shades in particular may persist longer than indicated on the packet. Semi-permanent hair coloring involves little or no developer, hydrogen peroxide or ammonia, and is thus less damaging to hair strands. The reduced amount of developer, whether peroxide or ammonia, means that hair previously damaged by applying permanent color or permanent reshaping is less likely to be damaged during the color application process. Semi-permanent hair color uses compounds of lower molecular weight than are found in temporary hair color dyes. These dyes penetrate the hair shaft only partially, because of | and purple, it could take several months to fully wash the color from bleached or pre-lightened hair. There are many ways that people can maintain their hair color, such as: Hair coloring involves the use of chemicals capable of removing, replacing, and/or covering up pigments naturally found inside the hair shaft. Use of these chemicals can result in a range of adverse effects, including temporary skin irritation and allergy, hair breakage, skin discoloration and unexpected hair color results. According to the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), in vitro and in vivo studies (in exposed human populations) have shown | eng_Latn | 3,111,616 |
the longest wavelengths in the visible spectrum are | be detected in astronomical objects by emission lines and absorption lines. The shifting of spectral lines can be used to measure the Doppler shift (red shift or blue shift) of distant objects. Visible spectrum The visible spectrum is the portion of the electromagnetic spectrum that is visible to the human eye. Electromagnetic radiation in this range of wavelengths is called visible light or simply light. A typical human eye will respond to wavelengths from about 390 to 700 nanometers. In terms of frequency, this corresponds to a band in the vicinity of 430–770 THz. The spectrum does not contain all | are absorbed by nitrogen and, at longer wavelengths, by simple diatomic oxygen in the air. Most of the UV in the mid-range of energy is blocked by the ozone layer, which absorbs strongly in the important 200–315 nm range, the lower energy part of which is too long for ordinary dioxygen in air to absorb. This leaves less than 3% of sunlight at sea level in UV, with all of this remainder at the lower energies. The remainder is UV-A, along with some UV-B. The very lowest energy range of UV between 315 nm and visible light (called UV-A) is | eng_Latn | 3,111,617 |
what component of the elisa causes the amplified signal | the antigen is immobilized, the detection antibody is added, forming a complex with the antigen. The detection antibody can be covalently linked to an enzyme, or can itself be detected by a secondary antibody that is linked to an enzyme through bioconjugation. Between each step, the plate is typically washed with a mild detergent solution to remove any proteins or antibodies that are non-specifically bound. After the final wash step, the plate is developed by adding an enzymatic substrate to produce a visible signal, which indicates the quantity of antigen in the sample. Of note, ELISA can perform other forms | for conducting an immunoassay was radioimmunoassay, a technique using radioactively labeled antigens or antibodies. In radioimmunoassay, the radioactivity provides the signal, which indicates whether a specific antigen or antibody is present in the sample. Radioimmunoassay was first described in a scientific paper by Rosalyn Sussman Yalow and Solomon Berson published in 1960. As radioactivity poses a potential health threat, a safer alternative was sought. A suitable alternative to radioimmunoassay would substitute a nonradioactive signal in place of the radioactive signal. When enzymes (such as horseradish peroxidase) react with appropriate substrates (such as ABTS or TMB), a change in color occurs, | eng_Latn | 3,111,618 |
what ion causes the color of the indicator to change | PH indicator A pH indicator is a halochromic chemical compound added in small amounts to a solution so the pH (acidity or basicity) of the solution can be determined visually. Hence, a pH indicator is a chemical detector for hydronium ions (HO) or hydrogen ions (H) in the Arrhenius model. Normally, the indicator causes the color of the solution to change depending on the pH. Indicators can also show change in other physical properties; for example, olfactory indicators show change in their odor. The pH value of a neutral solution is 7.0 at 25°C (standard laboratory conditions). Solutions with a | Bathochromic shift Bathochromic shift (from Greek βαθύς "bathys", "deep"; and χρῶμα "chrōma", "color"; hence less common alternate spelling "bathychromic") is a change of spectral band position in the absorption, reflectance, transmittance, or emission spectrum of a molecule to a longer wavelength (lower frequency). Because the red color in the visible spectrum has a longer wavelength than most other colors, the effect is also commonly called a "red shift". Hypsochromic shift is a change to shorter wavelength (higher frequency) It can occur because of a change in environmental conditions: for example, a change in solvent polarity will result in solvatochromism. A | eng_Latn | 3,111,619 |
what are the different types of nitrogenous bases in dna | sciences, nitrogenous bases are increasingly termed nucleobases because of their role in nucleic acids - their flat shape is particularly important when considering their roles as the building blocks of DNA and RNA. A set of five nitrogenous bases is used in the construction of nucleotides, which in turn build up nucleic acids like DNA and RNA. These nitrogenous bases are adenine (A), uracil (U), guanine (G), thymine (T), and cytosine (C). Thymine and uracil are distinguished by merely the presence or absence of a methyl group on the fifth carbon (C5) of these heterocyclic six-membered rings. The nitrogenous bases | Nitrogenous base A nitrogenous base, or nitrogen-containing base, is an organic molecule with a nitrogen atom that has the chemical properties of a base. The main biological function of a nitrogenous base is to bond nucleic acids together. A nitrogenous base owes its basic properties to the lone pair of electrons of a nitrogen atom. Nitrogenous bases are typically classified as the derivatives of two parent compounds, pyrimidine and purine. They are non-polar and due to their aromaticity, planar. Both pyrimidines and purines resemble pyridine and are thus weak bases and relatively unreactive towards electrophilic aromatic substitution. In the biological | eng_Latn | 3,111,620 |
what part of the ph probe is sensitive to hydrogen ion concentration | Glass electrode A glass electrode is a type of ion-selective electrode made of a doped glass membrane that is sensitive to a specific ion. The most common application of ion-selective glass electrodes is for the measurement of pH. The pH electrode is an example of a glass electrode that is sensitive to hydrogen ions. Glass electrodes play an important part in the instrumentation for chemical analysis and physico-chemical studies. The voltage of the glass electrode, relative to some reference value, is sensitive to changes in the activity of certain type of ions. The first studies of glass electrodes (GE) found | to a pH-electrode: The pH range at constant concentration can be divided into 3 parts: where F is Faraday's constant (see Nernst equation). The effect is usually noticeable at pH > 12, and concentrations of lithium or sodium ions of 0.1 moles per litre or more. Potassium ions usually cause less error than sodium ions. Specialized electrodes exist for working in extreme pH ranges. A typical modern pH probe is a combination electrode, which combines both the glass and reference electrodes into one body. The combination electrode consists of the following parts (see the drawing): The bottom of a pH | eng_Latn | 3,111,621 |
what do you call a person with two different eye colors | Heterochromia iridum Heterochromia is a difference in coloration, usually of the iris but also of hair or skin. Heterochromia is determined by the production, delivery, and concentration of melanin (a pigment). It may be inherited, or caused by genetic mosaicism, chimerism, disease, or injury. It occurs in humans and certain breeds of dogs and cats. Heterochromia of the eye is called heterochromia iridum or heterochromia iridis. It can be complete or sectoral. In complete heterochromia, one iris is a different color from the other. In sectoral heterochromia, part of one iris is a different color from its remainder. In central | known as "tetrachromats", have four types. These include some species of spiders, most marsupials, birds, reptiles, and many species of fish. Other species are sensitive to only two axes of color or do not perceive color at all; these are called "dichromats" and "monochromats" respectively. A distinction is made between "retinal tetrachromacy" (having four pigments in cone cells in the retina, compared to three in trichromats) and "functional tetrachromacy" (having the ability to make enhanced color discriminations based on that retinal difference). As many as half of all women are retinal tetrachromats. The phenomenon arises when an individual receives two | eng_Latn | 3,111,622 |
what is the solvent in tincture of iodine | Tincture of iodine Tincture of iodine, iodine tincture, or weak iodine solution is an antiseptic. It is usually 2–7% elemental iodine, along with potassium iodide or sodium iodide, dissolved in a mixture of ethanol and water. Tincture solutions are characterized by the presence of alcohol. It was used from 1908 in pre-operative skin preparation by surgeon Antonio Grossich. In the United Kingdom the development of an iodine solution for skin sterilisation was pioneered by Lionel Stretton. The "British Medical Journal" published the detail of his work at Kidderminster Infirmary in 1909. Stretton used a much weaker solution than that used | ml at 50 °C; potassium iodide may be added to increase solubility via formation of triiodide ions, among other polyiodides. Nonpolar solvents such as hexane and carbon tetrachloride provide a higher solubility. Polar solutions, such as aqueous solutions, are brown, reflecting the role of these solvents as Lewis bases; on the other hand, nonpolar solutions are violet, the color of iodine vapour. Charge-transfer complexes form when iodine is dissolved in polar solvents, hence changing the colour. Iodine is violet when dissolved in carbon tetrachloride and saturated hydrocarbons but deep brown in alcohols and amines, solvents that form charge-transfer adducts. The | eng_Latn | 3,111,623 |
what is the difference between flavor and flavour | Flavor Flavor (American English) or flavour (British English; see spelling differences) is the sensory impression of food or other substance, and is determined primarily by the chemical senses of taste and smell. The "trigeminal senses", which detect chemical irritants in the mouth and throat, as well as temperature and texture, are also important to the overall gestalt of flavor perception. The flavor of the food, as such, can be altered with natural or artificial flavorants which affect these senses. A "flavorant" is defined as a substance that gives another substance flavor, altering the characteristics of the solute, causing it to | become sweet, sour, tangy, etc. A flavor is a quality of something that affects the sense of taste. Of the three chemical senses, smell is the main determinant of a food item's flavor. Five basic tastes – sweet, sour, bitter, salty and umami (savory) are universally recognized, although some cultures also include pungency and oleogustus ("fattiness"). The number of food smells is unbounded; a food's flavor, therefore, can be easily altered by changing its smell while keeping its taste similar. This is exemplified in artificially flavored jellies, soft drinks and candies, which, while made of bases with a similar taste, | eng_Latn | 3,111,624 |
how many colors of ink are used to print | newspapers and magazines, brochures, cards, posters and similar mass-market items. In this type of industrial or commercial printing, the technique used to print full-color images, such as color photographs, is referred to as four-color-process or merely process printing. Four inks are used: three secondary colors plus black. These ink colors are cyan, magenta, yellow and key (black); abbreviated as CMYK. Cyan can be thought of as minus-red, magenta as minus-green, and yellow as minus-blue. These inks are semi-transparent or translucent. Where two such inks overlap on the paper due to sequential printing impressions, a primary color is perceived. For example, | components of the original image. The next step is to invert each of these separations. When a negative image of the red component is produced, the resulting image represents the cyan component of the image. Likewise, negatives are produced of the green and blue components to produce magenta and yellow separations, respectively. This is done because cyan, magenta, and yellow are subtractive primaries which each represent two of the three additive primaries (RGB) after one additive primary has been subtracted from white light. Cyan, magenta, and yellow are the three basic colors used for color reproduction. When these three colors | eng_Latn | 3,111,625 |
if a solution is blue what color will it show the most response in terms of absorption | dithizonate is a yellow-orange color in diluted solution (1*10^-5 M), and turns blue when subjected with particular wavelengths of visible light (and UV) via a conformational change, but this reaction is reversible back into the yellow "ground state". The rate constant of a particular reaction can be determined by measuring the UV/Vis absorbance spectrum at specific time intervals. Using mercury dithizonate again as an example, one can shine light on the sample to turn the solution blue, then run a UV/Vis test every 10 seconds (variable) to see the levels of absorbed and reflected wavelengths change over time in accordance | in ink manufacturing. In the 1960s, the name was adopted into the proprietary Pantone Matching System (PMS) to refer to this specific pigment. Pantone "Reflex Blue" has the particularity of being identified only by this name, and not by a number code. Of the colours in the visible spectrum of light, blue has a very short wavelength, while red has the longest wavelength. When sunlight passes through the atmosphere, the blue wavelengths are scattered more widely by the oxygen and nitrogen molecules, and more blue comes to our eyes. This effect is called Rayleigh scattering, after Lord Rayleigh, the British | eng_Latn | 3,111,626 |
what 's the name of the cat with no hair | Sphynx cat The Sphynx cat is a breed of cat known for its lack of coat (fur). It was developed through selective breeding, starting in the 1960s. The skin should have the texture of chamois, as it has fine hairs, or they may be completely hairless. Whiskers may be present, either whole or broken, or may be totally absent. They also have a narrow, long head, and webbed feet. Their skin is the color that their fur would be, and all the usual cat markings (solid, point, van, tabby, tortie, etc.) may be found on the Sphynx cat's skin. Because | the hairlessness of the Sphynx, with skin of white or pink. With no fur to absorb the cat's natural oils, the Bambino needs regular bathing with water and mild soap. The Bambino's hairless skin means that the cat is vulnerable to cold, strong sunshine and skin injury. The wrinkled hairless appearance and short legs are the breed's two most distinctive features, though they can be coated, this however is referred to as a "coated bambino". The back legs can be slightly longer than the front legs. The body is medium to long, with a broad chest and a well-rounded abdomen. | eng_Latn | 3,111,627 |
what is the biuret test used to test for in the medical field | the Polish toxological chemist, Jerzy Kazimierz Piotrowski (b. 1926) of Lodz. Biuret test The biuret test (Piotrowski's test) is a chemical test used for detecting the presence of peptide bonds. In the presence of peptides, a copper(II) ion forms mauve-colored coordination complexes in an alkaline solution. Several variants on the test have been developed, such as the BCA test and the Modified Lowry test. The biuret reaction can be used to assess the concentration of proteins because peptide bonds occur with the same frequency per amino acid in the peptide. The intensity of the color, and hence the absorption at | the Beer–Lambert law. Despite its name, the reagent does not in fact contain biuret ((HN-CO-)NH). The test is named so because it also gives a positive reaction to the peptide-like bonds in the biuret molecule. In this assay, the copper(II) binds with nitrogens present in the peptides of proteins. In a secondary reaction, the copper(II) is reduced to copper(I). Buffers, such as Tris and ammonia interfere with this assay, therefore rendering this assay inappropriate for protein samples purified from ammonium sulfate precipitation. Due to its insensitivity and little interference by free amino acids, this assay is most useful for whole | eng_Latn | 3,111,628 |
a koh test is often used to determine the presence of | yeast). Dermatophytes or yeast seen on a KOH test indicate the person has a fungal infection. Follow-up tests are usually unnecessary. The skin may be sore after the test because of the tissue being scraped off the top of the surface of the skin. KOH test The KOH Test for "Candida albicans", also known as a potassium hydroxide preparation or KOH prep, is a quick, inexpensive fungal test to differentiate dermatophytes and "Candida albicans" symptoms from other skin disorders like psoriasis and eczema. Dermatophytes are a type of fungus that invades the top layer of the skin, hair, or nails. | the groin or inner thighs (tinea cruris); on the scalp and hair (tinea capitis) resulting in brittle hair shafts that fall out easily. Tinea unguium affects the nails and athlete's foot (tinea pedis) affects the feet. Tinea versicolor refers to a fungal infection of the skin caused by "Malassezia furfur". It appears anywhere on the skin and produces red or gray, scaly patches of itchy skin. Deeper infections may be discoloured, ulcerative and purulent. A "Candida" yeast infection can also be identified by a KOH test by taking scrapings from the mouth (oral thrush), vagina (vaginitis) and skin (candidiasis). There | eng_Latn | 3,111,629 |
why the colour of school buses is yellow | School bus yellow School bus yellow is a color that was specifically formulated for use on school buses in North America in 1939. The color is now officially known in Canada and the U.S. as National School Bus Glossy Yellow and was originally called National School Bus Chrome. The pigment used for this color was, for a long time, the lead-containing chrome yellow. The color was chosen because it attracts attention and is noticed quickly in peripheral vision, faster than any other color. Scientists describe this as follows: "Lateral peripheral vision for detecting yellows is 1.24 times greater than for | adoption of a standard paint color for all school buses. While technically named National School Bus Glossy Yellow, school bus yellow was adopted for use since it was considered easiest to see in dawn and dusk, and it contrasted well with black lettering. While not universally used worldwide, yellow has become the shade most commonly associated with school buses both in North America and abroad. In the years leading up to World War II, school buses would begin to take on a new role in the education system. This would lead to school districts purchasing and operating their own fleets | eng_Latn | 3,111,630 |
method of administering a drug by topical friction over skin is called | the ear, or medications applied to the surface of a tooth. The word "topical" derives from Greek τοπικός "topikos", "of a place". The definition of the topical route of administration sometimes states that both the application location and the pharmacodynamic effect thereof is local. In other cases, "topical" is defined as applied to a localized area of the body or to the surface of a body part regardless of the location of the effect. By this definition, topical administration also includes transdermal application, where the substance is administered onto the skin but is absorbed into the body to attain systemic | Topical medication A topical medication is a medication that is applied to a particular place on or in the body. Most often topical administration means application to body surfaces such as the skin or mucous membranes to treat ailments via a large range of classes including creams, foams, gels, lotions, and ointments. Many topical medications are epicutaneous, meaning that they are applied directly to the skin. Topical medications may also be inhalational, such as asthma medications, or applied to the surface of tissues other than the skin, such as eye drops applied to the conjunctiva, or ear drops placed in | eng_Latn | 3,111,631 |
what is the primary stain in the gram stain | from the primary stain. Gram-positive bacteria retain the crystal violet dye, and thus are stained violet, while the Gram-negative bacteria do not; after washing, a counterstain is added (commonly safranin or fuchsine) that will stain these Gram-negative bacteria a pink color. Both Gram-positive bacteria and Gram-negative bacteria pick up the counterstain. The counterstain, however, is unseen on Gram-positive bacteria because of the darker crystal violet stain. The Gram stain is almost always the first step in the preliminary identification of a bacterial organism. While Gram staining is a valuable diagnostic tool in both clinical and research settings, not all bacteria | Gram stain Gram stain or Gram staining, also called Gram's method, is a method of staining used to distinguish and classify bacterial species into two large groups (gram-positive and gram-negative). The name comes from the Danish bacteriologist Hans Christian Gram, who developed the technique. Gram staining differentiates bacteria by the chemical and physical properties of their cell walls by detecting peptidoglycan, which is present in the cell wall of Gram-positive bacteria. Gram-negative cells also contain peptidoglycan, but a very small layer of it that is dissolved when the alcohol is added. This is why the cell loses its initial color | eng_Latn | 3,111,632 |
state the basic operating principle of an led | Light-emitting diode A light-emitting diode (LED) is a two-lead semiconductor light source. It is a p–n junction diode that emits light when activated. When a suitable current is applied to the leads, electrons are able to recombine with electron holes within the device, releasing energy in the form of photons. This effect is called electroluminescence, and the color of the light (corresponding to the energy of the photon) is determined by the energy band gap of the semiconductor. LEDs are typically small (less than 1 mm) and integrated optical components may be used to shape the radiation pattern. Appearing as | LED circuit In electronics, an LED circuit or LED driver is an electrical circuit used to power a light-emitting diode (LED). The circuit must provide sufficient current to light the LED at the required brightness, but must limit the current to prevent damaging the LED. The voltage drop across an LED is approximately constant over a wide range of operating current; therefore, a small increase in applied voltage greatly increases the current. Very simple circuits are used for low-power indicator LEDs. More complex, current source circuits are required when driving high-power LEDs for illumination to achieve correct current regulation. The | eng_Latn | 3,111,633 |
who are the main characters in the skin i 'm in | The Skin I'm In The Skin I'm In is a realistic fiction novel written by Sharon G. Flake. It was published by Hyperion Books on January 3, 2000. It depicts the story of seventh grader Maleeka Madison who has low self-esteem because of her dark skin color. Thirteen-year-old Maleeka Madison is tall, skinny, and dark-skinned. That's a problem for her, because it's such a problem for everyone else at school, it seems. To make her life easier, Maleeka befriends the toughest girl in school. Only bullies force you to pay more than you’d like, so life for Maleeka just gets | The Skin I'm In (film) The Skin I'm In is a 2012 autobiographical documentary film that was produced, directed, shot, and edited by American filmmaker, scholar, and professor Broderick Fox. The film had its world premiere at the 2012 Byron Bay Film Festival and had its United States premiere at the Arizona International Film Festival, where it was awarded a Special Jury Award for Best Personal Filmmaking. "The Skin I'm In" will be released for stream and download on October 1, 2013 through "The Orchard". Fox was inspired to create the film after an incident in 2005 where Fox was | eng_Latn | 3,111,634 |
what are the four humours that referred to medicine / psychology | some of the animals as well do not love fire; for instance salamanders, for they even have their homes in it. It is because one or another of the elements doth form their bodies' outer envelope. Each soul, accordingly, while it is in its body is weighted and constricted by these four. According to Galen, these elements were used by Hippocrates in describing the human body with an association with the four humours: yellow bile (fire), black bile (earth), blood (air), and phlegm (water). Medical care was primarily about helping the patient stay in or return to his/her own personal | Humorism Humorism, or humoralism, was a system of medicine detailing the makeup and workings of the human body, adopted by Ancient Greek and Roman physicians and philosophers, positing that an excess or deficiency of any of four distinct bodily fluids in a person—known as humors or humours—directly influences their temperament and health. The four humors of Hippocratic medicine are black bile (, '), yellow bile (, '), phlegm (, ""), and blood (, "ema"), and each corresponds to one of the traditional four temperaments. A humor is also referred to as a "cambium" (pl. "cambia" or "cambiums"). Based on Hippocratic | eng_Latn | 3,111,635 |
what type of breed is an american bulldog | American Bulldog The American Bulldog is a breed of utility dog descended from the Old English Bulldog. The Old English Bulldog was preserved by working class immigrants who brought their working dogs with them to the American South. Small farmers and ranchers used this all-around working dog for many tasks including farm guardians, stock dogs and catch dogs. These dogs were not an actual breed as considered by today's standards but were a generic bulldog type. There were no recorded pedigrees or records and breeding decisions were dependent on the best working farm dogs despite breed or background. Several separate | Its coat is short and generally smooth. The breed is a light to moderate shedder. Colors, while historically predominantly white with patches of red, black, or brindle, have grown in recent years to include many color patterns including black, red, brown, fawn, and all shades of brindle. The color conformation is quite varied, but solid black or any degree of merle is considered a cosmetic fault, and a blue color is a disqualification by the NKC Breed Standard. Black pigmentation on the nose and eye rims is traditionally preferred, with only some pink allowed. Eye color is usually brown, but | eng_Latn | 3,111,636 |
what is the name of different colored eyes | a different color from the remainder (partial heterochromia or sectoral heterochromia). It is a result of the relative excess or lack of pigment within an iris or part of an iris, which may be inherited or acquired by disease or injury. This uncommon condition usually results due to uneven melanin content. A number of causes are responsible, including genetic, such as chimerism, Horner's syndrome and Waardenburg syndrome. A chimera can have two different colored eyes just like any two siblings can—because each cell has different eye color genes. A mosaic can have two different colored eyes if the DNA difference | Eye color Eye color is a polygenic phenotypic character determined by two distinct factors: the pigmentation of the eye's iris and the frequency-dependence of the scattering of light by the turbid medium in the stroma of the iris. In humans, the pigmentation of the iris varies from light brown to black, depending on the concentration of melanin in the iris pigment epithelium (located on the back of the iris), the melanin content within the iris stroma (located at the front of the iris), and the cellular density of the stroma. The appearance of blue and green, as well as hazel | eng_Latn | 3,111,637 |
frequency of the lowest sound that the normal human ear can perceive | the sound. Information gathered from the hair cells is sent via the auditory nerve for processing in the brain. The commonly stated range of human hearing is 20 Hz to 20 kHz. Under ideal laboratory conditions, humans can hear sound as low as 12 Hz and as high as 28 kHz, though the threshold increases sharply at 15 kHz in adults, corresponding to the last auditory channel of the cochlea. Humans are most sensitive to (i.e. able to discern at lowest intensity) frequencies between 2,000 and 5,000 Hz. Individual hearing range varies according to the general condition of a human's | ears and nervous system. The range shrinks during life, usually beginning at around age of eight with the upper frequency limit being reduced. Women typically experience a lesser degree of hearing loss than men, with a later onset. Men have approximately 5 to 10 dB greater loss in the upper frequencies by age 40. Audiograms of human hearing are produced using an audiometer, which presents different frequencies to the subject, usually over calibrated headphones, at specified levels. The levels are weighted with frequency relative to a standard graph known as the minimum audibility curve, which is intended to represent "normal" | eng_Latn | 3,111,638 |
red colour of ruby crystal is due to | Ruby A ruby is a pink to blood-red colored gemstone, a variety of the mineral corundum (aluminium oxide). Other varieties of gem-quality corundum are called sapphires. Ruby is one of the traditional cardinal gems, together with amethyst, sapphire, emerald, and diamond. The word "ruby" comes from "ruber", Latin for red. The color of a ruby is due to the element chromium. The quality of a ruby is determined by its color, cut, and clarity, which, along with carat weight, affect its value. The brightest and most valuable shade of red called blood-red or pigeon blood, commands a large premium over | of a gemstone, we speak of primary and secondary and sometimes tertiary hues. Ruby is defined to be red. All other hues of the gem species corundum are called sapphire. Ruby may exhibit a range of secondary hues, including orange, purple, violet, and pink. Improving the quality of gemstones by treating them is common practice. Some treatments are used in almost all cases and are therefore considered acceptable. During the late 1990s, a large supply of low-cost materials caused a sudden surge in supply of heat-treated rubies, leading to a downward pressure on ruby prices. Improvements used include color alteration, | eng_Latn | 3,111,639 |
what is the purpose of hair on your head | keeping warm, the hair found on the head serves primarily as a source of heat insulation and cooling (when sweat evaporates from soaked hair) as well as protection from ultra-violet radiation exposure. The function of hair in other locations is debated. Hats and coats are still required while doing outdoor activities in cold weather to prevent frostbite and hypothermia, but the hair on the human body does help to keep the internal temperature regulated. When the body is too cold, the arrector pili muscles found attached to hair follicles stand up, causing the hair in these follicles to do the | beliefs or social position, such as their age, sex, or religion. The word "hair" usually refers to two distinct structures: Hair fibers have a structure consisting of several layers, starting from the outside: Each strand of hair is made up of the medulla, cortex, and cuticle. The innermost region, the medulla, is not always present and is an open, unstructured region. The highly structural and organized cortex, or second of three layers of the hair, is the primary source of mechanical strength and water uptake. The cortex contains melanin, which colors the fiber based on the number, distribution and types | eng_Latn | 3,111,640 |
where are analogous colors located on the color wheel | color at first until approach. The colors are pure and aren’t affected by their complements which grab attention. This was commonly used in impressionism by artists such as Monet, Pissarro, and Degas. Pierre Bonnard has also been noted for using it. Analogous colors Analogous colors are groups of three colors that are next to each other on the color wheel, sharing a common color, with one being the dominant color, which tends to be a primary or secondary color, and a tertiary. Red, orange, and red-orange are examples. The term "analogous" refers to having analogy, or corresponding to something in | a circle can be described as based on cyan, magenta, and yellow subtractive primaries, with red, green, and blue (or violet) being secondaries. Most color wheels are based on three primary colors, three secondary colors, and the six intermediates formed by mixing a primary with a secondary, known as tertiary colors, for a total of 12 main divisions; some add more intermediates, for 24 named colors. Other color wheels, however, are based on the four opponent colors, and may have four or eight main colors. Goethe's Theory of Colours provided the first systematic study of the physiological effects of color | eng_Latn | 3,111,641 |
the texture of a melodic line with harmonic accompaniment is | (HRS) . In musical terms, particularly in the fields of music history and music analysis, some common terms for different types of texture are: Many classical pieces feature different kinds of texture within a short space of time. An example is the Scherzo from Schubert’s piano sonata in B major, D575. The first four bars are monophonic, with both hands performing the same melody an octave apart: Bars 5–10 are homophonic, with all voices coinciding rhythmically: Bars 11–20 are polyphonic. There are three parts, the top two moving in parallel (interval of a tenth). The lowest part imitates the rhythm | also is changed by the amount and the richness of the instruments playing the piece. The thickness varies from light to thick. A piece's texture may be changed by the number and character of parts playing at once, the timbre of the instruments or voices playing these parts and the harmony, tempo, and rhythms used . The types categorized by number and relationship of parts are analyzed and determined through the labeling of primary textural elements: primary melody (PM), secondary melody (SM), parallel supporting melody (PSM), static support (SS), harmonic support (HS), rhythmic support (RS), and harmonic and rhythmic support | eng_Latn | 3,111,642 |
what type of radiation is light with a wavelength of 1nm | not blocked well by the atmosphere, but does not cause sunburn and does less biological damage. However, it is not harmless and does create oxygen radicals, mutations and skin damage. See ultraviolet for more information. After UV come X-rays, which, like the upper ranges of UV are also ionizing. However, due to their higher energies, X-rays can also interact with matter by means of the Compton effect. Hard X-rays have shorter wavelengths than soft X-rays and as they can pass through many substances with little absorption, they can be used to 'see through' objects with 'thicknesses' less than that equivalent | X-rays, and gamma rays at the high-frequency (short wavelength) end. The electromagnetic waves in each of these bands have different characteristics, such as how they are produced, how they interact with matter, and their practical applications. The limit for long wavelengths is the size of the universe itself, while it is thought that the short wavelength limit is in the vicinity of the Planck length. Gamma rays, X-rays, and high ultraviolet are classified as "ionizing radiation" as their photons have enough energy to ionize atoms, causing chemical reactions. Exposure to these rays can be a health hazard, causing radiation sickness, | eng_Latn | 3,111,643 |
in what structural layer of the skin and by what cells is melanin produced | Melanocyte Melanocytes are melanin-producing neural crest-derived cells located in the bottom layer (the stratum basale) of the skin's epidermis, the middle layer of the eye (the uvea), the inner ear, vaginal epithelium, meninges, bones, and heart. Melanin is a dark pigment primarily responsible for skin color. Once synthesized, melanin is contained in special organelles called melanosomes which can be transported to nearby keratinocytes to induce pigmentation. Functionally, melanin serves as protection against UV radiation. Melanocytes also have a role in the immune system. Through a process called melanogenesis, melanocytes produce melanin, which is a pigment found in the skin, eyes, | into specialized cellular vesicles called melanosomes. These are then transferred into the keratinocyte cells of the human epidermis. The melanosomes in each recipient cell accumulate atop the cell nucleus, where they protect the nuclear DNA from mutations caused by the ionizing radiation of the sun's ultraviolet rays. In general, people whose ancestors lived for long periods in the regions of the globe near the equator have larger quantities of eumelanin in their skins. This makes their skins brown or black and protects them against high levels of exposure to the sun, which more frequently result in melanomas in lighter-skinned people. | eng_Latn | 3,111,644 |
where do calico cats get their color from | calico-patched tabby is called a "caliby". "Calico" refers only to a color pattern on the fur, not to a breed or two-colored eyes on a cat. Among the breeds whose standards allow calico coloration are the Manx, American Shorthair, British Shorthair, Persian, Arabian Mau, Japanese Bobtail, Exotic Shorthair, Siberian, Turkish Van, Turkish Angora and Norwegian Forest Cat. Because genetic determination of coat colors in calico cats is linked to the X chromosome, calicos are nearly always female, with one color linked to the maternal X chromosome and a second color linked to the paternal X chromosome. Because males only have | Calico cat Calico cats are domestic cats with a spotted or particolored coat that is predominantly white, with patches of two other colors (often orange and black, sometimes gray). Outside North America, the pattern is more usually called "tortoiseshell and white". In the province of Quebec, Canada, they are sometimes called "chatte d'Espagne" (French for '(female) cat of Spain'). Other names include "brindle", "tricolor cat", "tobi mi-ke" (Japanese for 'triple fur'), and "lapjeskat" (Dutch for 'patches cat'); calicoes with diluted coloration have been called "calimanco" or "clouded tiger". Occasionally, the tri-color calico coloration is combined with a tabby patterning; this | eng_Latn | 3,111,645 |
which lighting feature in most nursing homes compromises older adults ability to function | sunlight. Many nursing homes and assisted living facilities have dim, constant light levels and poor light spectra, often caused by extensive use of fluorescent lighting. Although widely used in offices and factories, it is unsuitable for clinics and homes. This can cause disruption of the body’s circadian rhythms, which can potentially lead to negative health effects. Flicker from the bulbs can be disturbing, especially for epilepsy patients, and the colour rendition is poor when compared with incandescent bulbs. Low lighting levels may contribute to slips, trips and falls in the elderly by lowering visibility of hazards such as unexpected steps, | in the morning than younger adults. Furthermore, the elderly often wake several times throughout the night and have difficulty falling asleep. They are prone to taking numerous naps during the day. Furthermore, constant lighting in assisted living facilities has been demonstrated to impair sleep ability. In persons with Alzheimer's Disease, sleep disturbances are much more frequent and tend to be more severe. These patients exhibit intermittent sleep throughout the 24-hour day, instead of consolidated sleep at night and wakefulness during the day. Poor sleep is one of the largest complaints among the elderly, and poor sleep can be linked to | eng_Latn | 3,111,646 |
the color of visible light can be determined by frequency or | The science of color is sometimes called chromatics, colorimetry, or simply color science. It includes the study of the perception of color by the human eye and brain, the origin of color in materials, color theory in art, and the physics of electromagnetic radiation in the visible range (that is, what is commonly referred to simply as "light"). Electromagnetic radiation is characterized by its wavelength (or frequency) and its intensity. When the wavelength is within the visible spectrum (the range of wavelengths humans can perceive, approximately from 390 nm to 700 nm), it is known as "visible light". Most light | Spectral color A spectral color is a color that is evoked in a normal human by a single wavelength of light in the visible spectrum, or by a relatively narrow band of wavelengths, also known as monochromatic light. Every wavelength of visible light is perceived as a spectral color, in a continuous spectrum; the colors of sufficiently close wavelengths are indistinguishable. The spectrum is often divided into named colors, though any division is somewhat arbitrary; the spectrum is continuous. Traditional colors in English include: red, orange, yellow, green, blue, and violet. In some other languages the ranges corresponding to color | eng_Latn | 3,111,647 |
what is the range of visible light in nanometers | be detected in astronomical objects by emission lines and absorption lines. The shifting of spectral lines can be used to measure the Doppler shift (red shift or blue shift) of distant objects. Visible spectrum The visible spectrum is the portion of the electromagnetic spectrum that is visible to the human eye. Electromagnetic radiation in this range of wavelengths is called visible light or simply light. A typical human eye will respond to wavelengths from about 390 to 700 nanometers. In terms of frequency, this corresponds to a band in the vicinity of 430–770 THz. The spectrum does not contain all | than a unit of measure (as in "nanoscience"), nano refers to nanotechnology, or phenomena typically occurring on a scale of nanometres (see nanoscopic scale). The nanometre is often used to express dimensions on an atomic scale: the diameter of a helium atom, for example, is about 0.1 nm, and that of a ribosome is about 20 nm. The nanometre is also commonly used to specify the wavelength of electromagnetic radiation near the visible part of the spectrum: visible light ranges from around 400 to 700 nm. The ångström, which is equal to 0.1 nm, was formerly used for these purposes, | eng_Latn | 3,111,648 |
dress gold or white or black and blue | the dress, using hashtags such as #thedress, #whiteandgold, and #blackandblue. Although the actual colour was eventually confirmed as blue and black, the image prompted many discussions, with users debating their opinions on the colour and how they perceived the dress in the photograph as a certain colour. Members of the scientific community began to investigate the photo for fresh insights into human colour vision. The dress itself, which was identified as a product of the retailer Roman Originals, experienced a major surge in sales as a result of the incident. The retailer also produced a one-off version of the dress | wool may be acceptable to obtain the main benefit of synthetics, namely resistance to wrinkling, particularly in garments used for travel; however, any synthetic, blended or otherwise, will always be warmer and clammier than wool alone. For hot weather, linen is also used, and in (Southern) North America cotton seersucker is worn. The main four colours for suits worn in business are black, light grey, dark grey, and navy, either with or without patterns. In particular, grey flannel suiting has been worn very widely since the 1930s. In non-business settings or less-formal business contexts, brown is another important colour; olive | eng_Latn | 3,111,649 |
a person is in negative nitrogen balance during -- -- -- -- . | of growth, hypothyroidism, tissue repair, and pregnancy. This means that the intake of nitrogen into the body is greater than the loss of nitrogen from the body, so there is an increase in the total body pool of protein. Negative nitrogen balance is associated with burns, serious tissue injuries, fevers, hyperthyroidism, wasting diseases, and during periods of fasting. This means that the amount of nitrogen excreted from the body is greater than the amount of nitrogen ingested. A negative nitrogen balance can be used as part of a clinical evaluation of malnutrition. Nitrogen balance is the traditional method of determining | Nitrogen balance Nitrogen balance is a measure of nitrogen input minus nitrogen output. Nitrogen Balance = Nitrogen intake - Nitrogen loss Sources of nitrogen intake include meat, dairy, eggs, nuts and legumes, and grains and cereals. Examples of nitrogen losses include urine, feces, sweat, hair, and skin. Blood urea nitrogen can be used in estimating nitrogen balance, as can the urea concentration in urine. Nitrogen is a fundamental component of amino acids, which are the molecular building blocks of protein. Therefore, measuring nitrogen inputs and losses can be used to study protein metabolism. Positive nitrogen balance is associated with periods | eng_Latn | 3,111,650 |
what is the outer skin layer in human body called | layers of the skin. It forms a protective barrier over the body's surface, responsible for keeping water in the body and preventing pathogens from entering, and is a stratified squamous epithelium, composed of proliferating basal and differentiated suprabasal keratinocytes. Keratinocytes are the major cells, constituting 95% of the epidermis, while Merkel cells, melanocytes and Langerhans cells are also present. The epidermis can be further subdivided into the following "strata" or layers (beginning with the outermost layer): Keratinocytes in the stratum basale proliferate through mitosis and the daughter cells move up the strata changing shape and composition as they undergo multiple | Human skin The human skin is the outer covering of the body. In humans, it is the largest organ of the integumentary system. The skin has up to seven layers of ectodermal tissue and guards the underlying muscles, bones, ligaments and internal organs. Human skin is similar to most of the other mammals skin, and human skin is very similar to pig skin. Though nearly all human skin is covered with hair follicles, it can appear hairless. There are two general types of skin, hairy and glabrous skin (hairless). The adjective cutaneous literally means "of the skin" (from Latin "cutis", | eng_Latn | 3,111,651 |
what is the approximate wavelength range for visible light | visible spectrum is the part of the electromagnetic spectrum that can be seen by the human eye. The wavelength of visible light ranges from 390 to 700 nm. The absorption spectrum of a chemical element or chemical compound is the spectrum of frequencies or wavelengths of incident radiation that are absorbed by the compound due to electron transitions from a lower to a higher energy state. The emission spectrum refers to the spectrum of radiation emitted by the compound due to electron transitions from a higher to a lower energy state. Light from many different sources contains various colors, each | be detected in astronomical objects by emission lines and absorption lines. The shifting of spectral lines can be used to measure the Doppler shift (red shift or blue shift) of distant objects. Visible spectrum The visible spectrum is the portion of the electromagnetic spectrum that is visible to the human eye. Electromagnetic radiation in this range of wavelengths is called visible light or simply light. A typical human eye will respond to wavelengths from about 390 to 700 nanometers. In terms of frequency, this corresponds to a band in the vicinity of 430–770 THz. The spectrum does not contain all | eng_Latn | 3,111,652 |
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