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Vineyard soils in many areas suffer from low organic matter contents, which can be the cause of negative effects such as increasing the risk of erosion, so the use of organic amendments must be con...
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The recycling of the organic matter contained in municipal solid waste (MSW) as an amendment for agricultural soils after composting can be an option for conserving the organic matter levels in soil. In order to ascertain the amounts of compost needed for the conservation of soil organic matter, the mineralization rates of two MSW composts (obtained in the two main industrial composting facilities in Galicia, NW Spain), and three agricultural soils from different parent material (granite, schist, and gabbro) were determined in a laboratory study. A simple first-order kinetic model adequately described the mineralization of compost, whereas the mineralization of soil was best described by a two-compartment first-order model. The addition rate for each of the composts for maintaining the soil organic carbon (SOC) in the soils in targeted levels after 25 years was calculated from the mineralization data for two soil temperature scenarios. At the current mean soil temperature the compost doses would range from 4.0 to 7.2 t ha−1 (dry weight) to maintain the present SOC concentrations and from 8.5 to 15.6 to reach 3.5% SOC. An increment of 2 ◦C in the mean soil temperature as a consequence of climate change would increase in a 10% the requirements of compost to maintain the targeted levels of SOC.
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Terrorist attacks negatively affect support for immigration policy, and this has been linked to the extensive media coverage of terrorism. Yet, this coverage may also have a moderating effe...
|
eng_Latn
| 9,300 |
Humus refers to the component in soil (earth) that is?
|
What does humus mean? Definitions for humusˈhyu məs; often ˈyu- This page provides all possible meanings and translations of the word humus Princeton's WordNet(0.00 / 0 votes)Rate this definition: humus(noun) partially decomposed organic matter; the organic component of soil hummus, humus, hommos, hoummos, humous(noun) a thick spread made from mashed chickpeas, tahini, lemon juice and garlic; used especially as a dip for pita; originated in the Middle East Webster Dictionary(2.00 / 1 vote)Rate this definition: Humus(noun) that portion of the soil formed by the decomposition of animal or vegetable matter. It is a valuable constituent of soils Origin: [L., the earth, ground, soil.] Freebase(0.00 / 0 votes)Rate this definition: Humus In soil science, humus refers to any organic matter that has reached a point of stability, where it will break down no further and might, if conditions do not change, remain as it is for centuries, if not millennia. Humus significantly influences the texture of soil and contributes to moisture and nutrient retention. In agriculture, humus is sometimes also used to describe mature, or natural compost extracted from a forest or other spontaneous source for use to amend soil. It is also used to describe a topsoil horizon that contains organic matter. Chambers 20th Century Dictionary(0.00 / 0 votes)Rate this definition: Humus hūm′us, Humine, hūm′in, n. a brown or black powder in rich soils, formed by the action of air on animal or vegetable matter.—adj. Hū′mous. [L., 'the ground,' akin to Gr. chamai, on the ground.] Editors Contribution(0.00 / 0 votes)Rate this definition: Humus Product of soil organic matter transformation. Fallen leaves and other rests are reduced into elemental constituents by soil animals, fungi and bacteria. Numerology The numerical value of humus in Chaldean Numerology is: 6 Pythagorean Numerology
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Joachim Sauer | Humboldt University of Berlin | ZoomInfo.com Humboldt University of Berlin + Get 10 Free Contacts a Month Please agree to the terms and conditions I agree to the Terms of Service and Privacy Policy . I understand that I will receive a subscription to ZoomInfo Grow at no charge in exchange for downloading and installing the ZoomInfo Contact Contributor utility which, among other features, involves sharing my business contacts as well as headers and signature blocks from emails that I receive. Web References (200 Total References) German Chancellor Angela Merkel's ... ibbpresidentiallibrary.org [cached] German Chancellor Angela Merkel's husband, Joachim Sauer, is sort of the anti-Bill, a chemistry nerd and full professor at Humboldt University of Berlin who reportedly watched his wife's inauguration from inside his lab. Joachim Sauer Joachim Sauer (Humboldt University of Berlin) Joachim Sauer Joachim Sauer (Humboldt University of Berlin) Joachim Sauer www.scienceeurope.org [cached] Joachim Sauer, Full professor of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Humboldt University of Berlin Joachim Sauer studied chemistry at the Humboldt University of Berlin and was awarded a doctorate in chemistry in 1974. He continued to do research there until 1977 when he joined the Academy of Sciences, Central Institute of Physical Chemistry in Berlin, one of the leading scientific institutes of the former GDR (East Germany). In 1992 joined the Max Planck Society as Head of the Quantum Chemistry Group in Berlin, where he stayed for four years when he stayed for four years, until he
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eng_Latn
| 9,301 |
Who is the voice of 'King Harold' in the film 'Shrek 2'?
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Voice Compare: Shrek - King Harold | Behind The Voice Actors John Cleese EDITOR'S OPINION For most of his appearances , English comedian John Cleese lends his voice to the King. John's voice is instantly recognizeable, and manages to hit a lot of angles of the character. He successfully portrays humour, a caring nature, frustration and the overall ineptitude that comes with being a father. Michael J. Gough - who already voices Shrek in the vast majority of non-movie appearances - shows off his range and versatility when he took over King Harold for the video game based on the second film . I don't often hear impressions of John Cleese, but I have to say that Michael's...pretty good. Not great, but pretty good. There's times I hear him start to get close to his Shrek voice (minus the Scottish accent), so it kind of takes me out. I can't not vote for John in this case. TylerMirage
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Sir Albert Howard Memorial Issue Sir Albert Howard Memorial Issue Organic Gardening Magazine (Vol. 13, No. 8), September, 1948 Sir Albert Howard, Founder of the Organic Farming Movement, died in England in October 1947 at the age of 74. Most of this issue of J.I. Rodale's Organic Gardening Magazine was devoted to his memorial. Five of the 15 papers in the issue are presented in full below. By Yeshwant D. Wad, M.A., M.Sc. Formerly Chief Chemist and Agronomist, Institute of Plant Industry, Indore, Central India Yeshwant D. Wad was co-author with Howard of The Waste Products of Agriculture , which first presented the Indore system of composting. IN 1928 I joined the staff of the Institute of Plant Industry just started at Indore by the late Sir Albert Howard and his wife for introducing improved agriculture in States of Central India and Rajputana and advising on their agricultural problems. Sir Albert's previous work at Pusa had enabled him to arrive at reforms in agriculture supremely suitable to rural India and very largely meeting the current needs of the population. The principal features of his system were: improved implements and new labour-saving appliances, some improvised by the Howards themselves; adequate provision of food and fodders by suitable rotation of crops and grazing areas and the maintenance of grassed edges on field boundaries to prevent erosion; making of silage; systematic care of cattle and implements; orderly harvesting, threshing, and storage; planning of field operations to reduce hours of work, make effort easier and distribute it more evenly; and, the most outstanding item of all, the conversion of wastes to humus and their systematic return to the fields. On these principles the land and buildings of the Institute were laid out in grazing areas, irrigated and dry fields for cultivated crops, cattle shed, silage pits, compost factory, threshing floors, seed godowns, implement sheds, stores and storage godowns, etc., with a small model village for the workers, offices and quarters for the superintendent, students and visitors. The standard Indore Process for making humus was first evolved here, afterwards modified and adapted to suit varying requirements and different types of waste, whether at Indore or elsewhere. This later proved to be the initial stage in founding an entirely new school of agricultural thought, which promises in the near future to offer a creed to humanity destined to halt its present headlong race towards destruction and the ruin of civilization, enabling it to pause and think and direct its course to safety, security and stable prosperity. This creed is the maintenance of a live and active soil, producing food capable of imparting to human beings genuine vitality and lasting power of survival. It has by now been fully established that it is the crumb structure of the soil which is essential for the production of healthy and high-yielding crops, by ensuring in the root zones throughout the seasons adequate ventilation, drainage, and release of nutrients in proper proportions as required. Crumb structure is dependent on humus; and humus regulates crop nutrition by many different devices, not only by supplying soluble minerals but by direct nutrition in the growth of the symbiotic mycorrhiza, and by storing surplus mineral nutrients in colloidal absorption to be released later. The balanced food or fodder thus produced is superior in quality, health, and vigour-making properties when eaten by animals and humans. Healthy and vigorous bodies are the essential basis for healthy and vigorous mentalities, without which humanity cannot survive or progress. This will indicate what Sir Albert has given to the world, and that surely at a very critical moment in history, when events are occurring in quick succession to distract unprepared humanity. In his report on Palestine to the National Jewish Agency the American specialist Lowdermilk [see Notes, below] has shown how since Biblical times the prosperity and welfare of races has coincided with careful land management and the mainten
|
eng_Latn
| 9,302 |
One of the best documented and understood impacts of increased nitrogen is the eutrophication of estuaries and coastal waters.
|
The impacts of nitrogen in coastal water has been studied.
|
It is understood that increased nitrogen has no effect on estuaries.
|
eng_Latn
| 9,303 |
To estimate changes in crop yields, we used biological exposure-response information derived from controlled experiments conducted by the NCLAN (NCLAN, 1996).
|
Experiments conducted by the NCLAN yielded information to estimate the changes in crop-yields.
|
The biological exposure-response experiment results were never used to estimate crop yield changes.
|
eng_Latn
| 9,304 |
Nitrate, Ammonium, and Urea Leaching in Hybrid Bermudagrass as Affected by Nitrogen Source
|
Nitrate Leaching, Turf Quality, and Growth Rate of ‘Floratam’ St. Augustinegrass and Common Centipedegrass
|
Evidence that Northern Pioneering Pines with Tuberculate Mycorrhizae are Unaffected by Varying Soil Nitrogen Levels
|
eng_Latn
| 9,305 |
RESEARCH ON THE ACTION OF ROM-AGROBIOFERTIL NP BIOFERTILIZER ON AGRICULTURAL CROPS
|
Pseudomonas striata for Improving Phosphorus Availability in Soil under Pearl Millet Cultivation
|
No iron fertilization in the equatorial Pacific Ocean during the last ice age
|
yue_Hant
| 9,306 |
Isolation and Characterization of a DNA Fragment Containing Genes for Mimosine Degradation from Rhizobium Sp. Strain TAL1145
|
Phenotypic tests in Rhizobium species description: an opinion and (a sympatric speciation) hypothesis.
|
Evidence that Northern Pioneering Pines with Tuberculate Mycorrhizae are Unaffected by Varying Soil Nitrogen Levels
|
eng_Latn
| 9,307 |
VALORIZATION OF MEAT WASTE FROM RETAIL STORES
|
Comparing environmental impacts for livestock products: A review of life cycle assessments
|
43) EVALUATION OF BIOWASTE COMPOST APPLICATIONS TO FARMLAND WITH ADDITIONAL MINERAL NUTRIENTS
|
yue_Hant
| 9,308 |
How phosphorus limitation can control climate-active gas sources and sinks
|
Linking the composition of bacterioplankton to rapid turnover of dissolved dimethylsulphoniopropionate in an algal bloom in the North Sea.
|
High-frequency monitoring of nitrogen and phosphorus response in three rural catchments to the end of the 2011–2012 drought in England
|
eng_Latn
| 9,309 |
Local impacts of climate change and agronomic practices on dry land crops in Southern Africa
|
CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACTS ON CROP YIELDS AND ADAPTIVE MEASURES FOR AGRICULTURAL SECTOR IN THE LOWLANDS OF LESOTHO.
|
High-speed running performance is largely unaffected by hypoxic reductions in aerobic power
|
eng_Latn
| 9,310 |
Bioremediation of Contaminated Soils: Effects of Bioaugmentation and Biostimulation on Enhancing Biodegradation of Oil Hydrocarbons
|
Laboratory-Scale Biodegradation of Fuel Oil No. 6 in Contaminated Soils by Autochthonous Bacteria
|
No Detectable Broad-Scale Effect of Livestock Grazing on Soil Blue-Carbon Stock in Salt Marshes
|
eng_Latn
| 9,311 |
Growth Behavior, Nitrogen-Form Effects on Phosphorus Acquisition, and Phosphorus–Zinc Interactions in Brassica Cultivars under Phosphorus-Stress Environment
|
Effect of Nitrogen Form on Trifoliate Orange (Poncirus trifoliata) and Sour Orange (Citrus aurantium) Plants Grown Under Saline Conditions
|
Evidence that Northern Pioneering Pines with Tuberculate Mycorrhizae are Unaffected by Varying Soil Nitrogen Levels
|
eng_Latn
| 9,312 |
Life cycle assessment of greenhouse gas emissions from irrigated maize and their significance in the value chain
|
Nitrous oxide emissions from wetland soil amended with two types of cattle manure
|
An instrumental variable approach finds no associated harm or benefit from early dialysis initiation in the United States
|
eng_Latn
| 9,313 |
One-time root-zone N fertilization increases maize yield, NUE and reduces soil N losses in lime concretion black soil
|
Nitrogen fertilizer use in China – Contributions to food production, impacts on the environment and best management strategies
|
No iron fertilization in the equatorial Pacific Ocean during the last ice age
|
eng_Latn
| 9,314 |
Variability of mineral nitrogen contents in soil as affected by meat and bone meal used as fertilizer
|
Relative importance of substrate type and previous soil management in synthesis of microbial biomass and substrate mineralization
|
Evidence that Northern Pioneering Pines with Tuberculate Mycorrhizae are Unaffected by Varying Soil Nitrogen Levels
|
eng_Latn
| 9,315 |
Cadmium Absorption and Mobilization in Barley and Wheat Plants and Its Accumulation in Grains
|
Genotypic Differences of Cd Uptake and Distribution in Radish (Raphanus Sativus L.)
|
No Detectable Broad-Scale Effect of Livestock Grazing on Soil Blue-Carbon Stock in Salt Marshes
|
eng_Latn
| 9,316 |
SELECTION OF RHIZOBIUM TRIFOLII STRAINS BY WHITE AND SUBTERRANEAN CLOVERS
|
Effect of plant nutrient supply on nodule effectiveness and rhizobium strain competition for nodulation ofLotus pedunculatus
|
Rhizosphere research - 85 years of progress and frustration
|
yue_Hant
| 9,317 |
Effect of vineyard soil variability on chlorophyll fluorescence, yield and quality of table grape as influenced by soil moisture, grown under double cropping system in protected condition
|
Effects of fruit bagging on coloring and related physiology, and qualities of red Chinese sand pears during fruit maturation
|
No Detectable Broad-Scale Effect of Livestock Grazing on Soil Blue-Carbon Stock in Salt Marshes
|
eng_Latn
| 9,318 |
Changes in sediment discharge in a sediment-rich region of the Yellow River from 1955 to 2010: implications for further soil erosion control
|
Effects of Revegetation on Soil Organic Carbon Storage and Erosion-Induced Carbon Loss under Extreme Rainstorms in the Hill and Gully Region of the Loess Plateau
|
Complete Genome Sequences of Rice Yellow Mottle Virus Isolates from the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia
|
eng_Latn
| 9,319 |
Management of the tomato borer, Tuta absoluta in Tunisia with novel insecticides and plant extracts
|
Tuta absoluta in Tunisia: ten years of invasion and pest management
|
Evidence that Northern Pioneering Pines with Tuberculate Mycorrhizae are Unaffected by Varying Soil Nitrogen Levels
|
eng_Latn
| 9,320 |
Top‐down control of carbon sequestration: grazing affects microbial structure and function in salt marsh soils
|
No Detectable Broad-Scale Effect of Livestock Grazing on Soil Blue-Carbon Stock in Salt Marshes
|
No Detectable Broad-Scale Effect of Livestock Grazing on Soil Blue-Carbon Stock in Salt Marshes
|
eng_Latn
| 9,321 |
Nitrous oxide emissions from perennial grass–legume intercrop for bioenergy use
|
LIFE-CYCLE ASSESSMENT OF NET GREENHOUSE-GAS FLUX FOR BIOENERGY CROPPING SYSTEMS
|
Evidence that Northern Pioneering Pines with Tuberculate Mycorrhizae are Unaffected by Varying Soil Nitrogen Levels
|
eng_Latn
| 9,322 |
Estimates of the Kinetic Parameters of Growth Hormone Metabolism in Fed and Fasted Calves and Sheep
|
with amino acids or casein Nitrogen metabolism and hormonal responses of steers fed wheat silage and infused 1997
|
REGULATORY METABOLIC NETWORKS IN DROUGHT STRESS RESPONSES
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eng_Latn
| 9,323 |
Turnover and fractionation of nitrogen stable isotope in tissues of grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idellus
|
A comparative study on growth, protein turnover and energy budget of green and white color morphs of sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus (Selenka)
|
Evidence that Northern Pioneering Pines with Tuberculate Mycorrhizae are Unaffected by Varying Soil Nitrogen Levels
|
eng_Latn
| 9,324 |
Effects of Soil and Crop Management Practices on Soil Quality
|
Soil quality—The key to a sustainable agriculture
|
No Detectable Broad-Scale Effect of Livestock Grazing on Soil Blue-Carbon Stock in Salt Marshes
|
eng_Latn
| 9,325 |
Soil corrosion of differential aeration cells and conditions of their operation
|
Investigation of soil corrosivity in Thane region of Maharashtra, India.
|
Evidence that Northern Pioneering Pines with Tuberculate Mycorrhizae are Unaffected by Varying Soil Nitrogen Levels
|
eng_Latn
| 9,326 |
INFLUENCE OF SOIL SURFACE CONDITIONS ON NET RADIATION, SOIL TEMPERATURE, AND EVAPORATION
|
Mulching with coffee husk and pulp in strawberry affects edaphic predatory mite and spider mite densities
|
Evidence that Northern Pioneering Pines with Tuberculate Mycorrhizae are Unaffected by Varying Soil Nitrogen Levels
|
yue_Hant
| 9,327 |
Subsoiling and Sowing Time Influence Soil Water Content, Nitrogen Translocation and Yield of Dryland Winter Wheat
|
[Relationships of water conservation through mulching in fallow period with wheat nitrogen transportation and crop yield in dryland].
|
Evidence that Northern Pioneering Pines with Tuberculate Mycorrhizae are Unaffected by Varying Soil Nitrogen Levels
|
eng_Latn
| 9,328 |
Nutrient digestion and nitrogen utilization by goats fed native shrubs Celtis pallida, Leucophullum texanum and Porlieria angustifolia
|
The chemical composition and potential nutritive value of the foliage of four subtropical tree species in southern Africa for ruminants
|
Nitrogen deposition does not alleviate the adverse effects of shade on Camellia japonica (Naidong) seedlings
|
eng_Latn
| 9,329 |
Effect of Adverse Growing Conditions on Corn Maturity and Feeding Value for Poultry
|
The Nutritive Values in Different Varieties of Corn Planted in One Location Fed to Growing Pigs over Three Consecutive Years
|
Evidence that Northern Pioneering Pines with Tuberculate Mycorrhizae are Unaffected by Varying Soil Nitrogen Levels
|
eng_Latn
| 9,330 |
The growth characteristics and yield potential of rice (Oryza sativa) under non-flooded irrigation in arid region
|
Root length density distribution and associated soil water dynamics for tomato plants under furrow irrigation in a solar greenhouse
|
The Salmonella typhimurium virulence plasmid increases the growth rate of salmonellae in mice.
|
eng_Latn
| 9,331 |
Study on moisture content in animal fats using Six-Port Reflectometer (SPR)
|
Moisture content by the oven-dry method for industrial testing
|
Radar backscatter is not a 'direct measure' of forest biomass
|
eng_Latn
| 9,332 |
Carbon footprint of farm inputs used in agriculture sector in Albania.
|
Agricultural opportunities to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions.
|
High-speed running performance is largely unaffected by hypoxic reductions in aerobic power
|
eng_Latn
| 9,333 |
Toxicity and mutagenicity of 2,4,-6-trinitrotoluene and its microbial metabolites.
|
SPME in environmental analysis: biotransformation pathways.
|
Evidence that Northern Pioneering Pines with Tuberculate Mycorrhizae are Unaffected by Varying Soil Nitrogen Levels
|
eng_Latn
| 9,334 |
Quality effects caused by torrefaction of pellets made from Scots pine
|
Torrefaction of Maize Residue Pellets with Dry Flue Gas
|
Evidence that Northern Pioneering Pines with Tuberculate Mycorrhizae are Unaffected by Varying Soil Nitrogen Levels
|
eng_Latn
| 9,335 |
Ethylene in Root Growth and Development
|
Methods for isolating and characterizing ACC deaminase-containing plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria.
|
Ethylene Promotes Hypocotyl Growth and HY5 Degradation by Enhancing the Movement of COP1 to the Nucleus in the Light
|
eng_Latn
| 9,336 |
Effect of multi-nutrient complex fertilizers on growth and tuber yield of very early potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) cultivars
|
Relationship between leaf area index and ground cover in potato under different management conditions
|
Evidence that Northern Pioneering Pines with Tuberculate Mycorrhizae are Unaffected by Varying Soil Nitrogen Levels
|
eng_Latn
| 9,337 |
Soil pollution by trace metals derived from animal feed and manure in the Bursa region of Turkey
|
Health Assessment of Trace Metal Concentrations in Organic Fertilizer in Northern China
|
Evidence that Northern Pioneering Pines with Tuberculate Mycorrhizae are Unaffected by Varying Soil Nitrogen Levels
|
eng_Latn
| 9,338 |
Nitrate-driven urban haze pollution during summertime over the North China Plain
|
Rapid SO<sub>2</sub> emission reductions significantly increase tropospheric ammonia concentrations over the North China Plain
|
Evidence that Northern Pioneering Pines with Tuberculate Mycorrhizae are Unaffected by Varying Soil Nitrogen Levels
|
eng_Latn
| 9,339 |
Propagule Densities of Macrophomina phaseolina in Soybean Tissue and Soil as Affected by Tillage, Cover Crop, and Herbicide
|
Distribution and Abundance of Heterodera glycines and Macrophomina phaseolina in Ohio
|
Evidence that Northern Pioneering Pines with Tuberculate Mycorrhizae are Unaffected by Varying Soil Nitrogen Levels
|
eng_Latn
| 9,340 |
Mixed Municipal Solid Waste Hygienisation for Refuse-Derived Fuel Production by Ozonation in the Novel Configuration Using Fluidized Bed and Horizontal Reactor
|
The Effect of the Intensive Aerobic Biostabilization Phase on Selected Microbiological and Physicochemical Parameters of Wastes
|
No iron fertilization in the equatorial Pacific Ocean during the last ice age
|
eng_Latn
| 9,341 |
Effect of changing groundwater levels caused by land-use changes on greenhouse gas fluxes from tropical peat lands
|
Greenhouse gas emission factors associated with rewetting of organic soils
|
Exogenous growth factors do not affect the development of individually cultured murine embryos
|
eng_Latn
| 9,342 |
Spatial variability of soil total nitrogen and soil total phosphorus under different land uses in a small watershed on the Loess Plateau, China
|
Characterization of the spatial variability of soil available zinc at various sampling densities using grouped soil type information
|
Evidence that Northern Pioneering Pines with Tuberculate Mycorrhizae are Unaffected by Varying Soil Nitrogen Levels
|
eng_Latn
| 9,343 |
DENITRIFICATION ENZYME ACTIVITY IN SWINE WASTEWATER EFFLUENT OF A NITRIFICATION/DENITRIFICATION TREATMENT SYSTEM
|
Denitrification enzyme activity is limited by soil aeration in a wastewater-irrigated forest soil
|
Denitrification enzyme activity is limited by soil aeration in a wastewater-irrigated forest soil
|
yue_Hant
| 9,344 |
Excess nitrogen susceptibility to raises nectarine disease and insects
|
Improvements in disease resistance and fruit quality of organic tomato intercropped with living mulch of turfgrass
|
Evidence that Northern Pioneering Pines with Tuberculate Mycorrhizae are Unaffected by Varying Soil Nitrogen Levels
|
eng_Latn
| 9,345 |
Solid-phase extraction and high-performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry analysis of nitrosamines in treated drinking water and wastewater
|
Sample Enrichment by Solid-Phase Extraction for Reaching Parts per Quadrillion Levels in Environmental Analysis
|
Evidence that Northern Pioneering Pines with Tuberculate Mycorrhizae are Unaffected by Varying Soil Nitrogen Levels
|
eng_Latn
| 9,346 |
Sustainable Phosphorus Management and the Need for a Long-Term Perspective: The Legacy Hypothesis
|
Two centuries of nitrogen dynamics: Legacy sources and sinks in the Mississippi and Susquehanna River Basins
|
In Situ Dry Matter, Nitrogen and Phosphorous Disappearance of Different Feeds for Ruminants
|
eng_Latn
| 9,347 |
The Potash Market and Its Future Prospects
|
Innovation in Resourcing Geological Materials as Crop Nutrients
|
Halophilic Algal Communities in Biological Soil Crusts Isolated From Potash Tailings Pile Areas
|
eng_Latn
| 9,348 |
Notice of RetractionPotassium Tetratitanate Whiske Adsorption Determination of Mn(II) in Wastewater Using FAAS
|
A Simple Method To Produce Dendrimer Nanodots over Centimeter Scales by Rapid Evaporation of Solvents
|
Evidence that Northern Pioneering Pines with Tuberculate Mycorrhizae are Unaffected by Varying Soil Nitrogen Levels
|
kor_Hang
| 9,349 |
Comparison of Fog Irrigation with Surface Irrigation in Corn Production 1
|
Microclimatic and crop responses to center pivot sprinkler and to surface irrigation
|
No iron fertilization in the equatorial Pacific Ocean during the last ice age
|
eng_Latn
| 9,350 |
Physiological Parameters, Leaf Nitrogen Content, Nitrogen Use Efficiencies And Grain Yield Of Rice (Oryza Sativa L.) As Affected By Different Sources Organic Manures In Comparison With Rdf And Inm Under Site-Specific Organic Farming Condition.
|
Evaluation of biocontrol potential of Rhizosphere Antagonist Bacterial strains on Fusarium Wilt and Plant Growth in Muskmelon Plants
|
Evidence that Northern Pioneering Pines with Tuberculate Mycorrhizae are Unaffected by Varying Soil Nitrogen Levels
|
eng_Latn
| 9,351 |
Effects of Earthworm (Pheretima SP.) on Three Sequential Ryegrass Harvests for Remediating Lead/Zinc Mine Tailings
|
Effects of waterlogging on the solubility and redox state of Sb in a shooting range soil and its uptake by grasses: a tank experiment
|
Porin channels in intact cells of Escherichia coli are not affected by Donnan potentials across the outer membrane.
|
eng_Latn
| 9,352 |
A Reassessment of Materials Issues in Microelectromechanical Systems (MEMS)
|
Mechanical-thermal noise in MEMS gyroscopes
|
OP IN ION The Microbial Efficiency-Matrix Stabilization ( MEMS ) framework integrates plant litter decomposition with soil organic matter stabilization : do labile plant inputs form stable soil organic matter ?
|
eng_Latn
| 9,353 |
The level of trigonelline and other quaternary ammonium compounds in tomato leaves in ratio to the changing nitrogen supply
|
Nematicidal activity of Annona crassiflora leaf extract on Caenorhabditis elegans
|
Evidence that Northern Pioneering Pines with Tuberculate Mycorrhizae are Unaffected by Varying Soil Nitrogen Levels
|
eng_Latn
| 9,354 |
Mycorrhizal inoculum potential of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in soils irrigated with wastewater for various lengths of time, as affected by heavy metals and available P
|
Dosage-dependent shift in the spore community of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi following application of tannery sludge
|
Cultured arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and native soil inocula improve seedling development of two pioneer trees in the Andean region
|
eng_Latn
| 9,355 |
Recurring Plankton Bloom Dynamics Modeled via Toxin-Producing Phytoplankton
|
Influence of Light and Phosphate on Toxin Production and Growth of Prymnesium parvum
|
Evidence that Northern Pioneering Pines with Tuberculate Mycorrhizae are Unaffected by Varying Soil Nitrogen Levels
|
eng_Latn
| 9,356 |
Effects of Tillage Practices and Organic Cropping Systems on the Yield of Sorghum (sorghum bicolor L.) and Sweet Potato (Ipomoea batatas L) in Yatta Sub-County, Kenya
|
Micro-Basin Tillage for Grain Sorghum Production in Semiarid Areas of Northern Ethiopia
|
Sulfated chitosan as tear substitute with no antimicrobial activity.
|
eng_Latn
| 9,357 |
Impact of sewage disposal on the hemotological and biochemical parameters of dairy cows
|
Environmental impact of fertilizing soils by using sewage and animal wastes
|
An instrumental variable approach finds no associated harm or benefit from early dialysis initiation in the United States
|
eng_Latn
| 9,358 |
Ultraviolet-B radiation and nitrogen affect the photosynthesis of maize: a Mediterranean field study
|
Salicylic acid and nitric oxide increase photosynthesis and antioxidant defense in wheat under UV-B stress
|
Evidence that Northern Pioneering Pines with Tuberculate Mycorrhizae are Unaffected by Varying Soil Nitrogen Levels
|
eng_Latn
| 9,359 |
Ontogenetic Changes of Photosynthetic and Dark Respiration Rates in Relation to Nitrogen Content in Individual Leaves of Field Crops
|
Nitrogen and potassium nutrition differentially affect tomato biomass and growth
|
Evidence that Northern Pioneering Pines with Tuberculate Mycorrhizae are Unaffected by Varying Soil Nitrogen Levels
|
eng_Latn
| 9,360 |
Bioaccumulation of nutrient elements from fly ash-amended soil in Jatropha curcas L.: a biofuel crop
|
Synthesis and characterization of zeolites prepared from industrial fly ash
|
Surface of localized pleural plaques quantitated by computed tomography scanning: no relation with cumulative asbestos exposure and no effect on lung function
|
eng_Latn
| 9,361 |
Possibilities and limitations of weed management in fruit crops of the temperate climate zone
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Carbohydrate and Nitrogen Partitioning within One-year Shoots of Young Peach Trees Grown with Grass Competition
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Individual variation and seasonality drive bird feeder use during winter in a Mediterranean climate
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eng_Latn
| 9,362 |
Interactions of soil water and nitrogen (N) fertiliser application on the quality of barley (Hordeum vulgare L. ‘Valetta') for malting were studied in a rain shelter experiment at Lincoln, New Zealand. Treatments were arranged in a factorial design, consisting of five levels of soil water (fully irrigated, rain‐fed, early drought, late drought, and full drought) and four levels of N fertiliser (nil, 1 × 50, 2 × 50, and 3 × 50 kg N/ha). N treatments were applied at emergence, appearance of the second node, and at flowering, respectively. Variables indicative of grain quality (N concentration, grain size, and screenings) and micro‐malting characters (water uptake, malting loss, N index, wort‐N, β‐glucan, fine extract, coarse extract, and fine‐coarse difference) were evaluated for responses to the water and N treatments. Drought influenced the distribution pattern of kernel mass along the main stem and tiller spikes and also influenced the relative proportions of grain in the standard size categorie...
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Spring barley plants were exposed to water stress at different growth stages - from the period aer emergence to the beginning of stem elongation, from emergence to the end of anthesis and from the beginning of stem elongation to the end of anthesis in pot experiments. In variants exposed to water deficit from emergence to the end of anthesis and from the beginning of stem elongation to the end of anthesis, effects of foliar fertilizers and Atonik preparation (ap - plied before the growth stage DC 30 or at DC 33) to lower the stress impacts were tested. During the growing season, formation and reduction of tillers, florets per spike and the yield structure at full ripeness were investigated. The wa - ter deficit at stem elongation caused a withering out of the established tillers, drought during the formation of the flo - rets reduced their number as well as their development into grains. In the variant where water stress was present to the beginning of stem elongation, the plants were able to compensate for stress implications by productive tillers that developed later (at stem elongation). The previous water deficit did not decrease 1000-grain weight, however protein content in grain increased due to low grain yield per pot. If foliar fertilizers and Atonik were applied before DC 30, a reduction of fertile florets decreased, which led to slight increase in a grain number per spike.
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Fan, J., Hao, M. and Malhi, S. S. 2010. Accumulation of nitrate-N in the soil profile and its implications for the environment under dryland agriculture in northern China: A review. Can J. Soil Sci. 90: 429-440. Nitrate (NO(3)(-)) leaching and water contamination have become a worldwide concern. In this review, some examples are presented to show the extent and magnitude of NO(3)(-)accumulation in the soil profiles and its potential effects on contamination of ground water and surface water under dryland farming in northern China. Climatic and management factors affecting NO(3)(-) leaching are also discussed. In northern China, rainfall is relatively sparse, but the high intensity of precipitation and porous soils play an important role in the accumulation of NO(3)-N in soil and its subsequent leaching in the soil profile. There is a risk of nitrate accumulation and leaching when high rates of fertilizer N are applied to improve crop yields, and it becomes even worse when conventional land use is changed from cereal crops to vegetable crops and fruit orchards. Under such conditions, shallow ground water might be polluted by NO(3)(-). This suggests that more attention should be paid to prevent this problem by using best management practices, especially by controlling the amount of N fertilizer input, balanced fertilization, split N application, inclusion of crops with deep taproots in the rotation and minimizing summer fallow (especially tilled) frequency.
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eng_Latn
| 9,363 |
This work studies benthic CPOM in two streams of Ecuador: the Atacames stream, located in a developed watershed, and the Sua stream, located in a rural watershed and used as a reference. It is tested whether the amount, composition and timing of benthic CPOM will differ between them as a function of watershed and riparian land uses. Benthic CPOM was collected at five study sites on each stream with a Surber net and classified into four categories: leaves, twigs and bark, flowers and fruits and debris. Leaves were further identified to genus or species. There were no significant differences in the amount, composition and timing of benthic CPOM between the streams. CPOM storage showed strong seasonality linked to seasonal rainfall and a weak relation with land uses, channel width and stream order. Diversity of the benthic CPOM was high and 30 species contributed to the benthic leaf pool. Presence or absence of Ficus species with heavy leaves that are easily retained in the streambed explained the spatial distribution of benthic CPOM, so spatial differences in the composition of the riparian vegetation in these tropical streams seem to be more important to explain CPOM distribution than in their temperate counterparts.
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Litterfall inputs, benthic storage and the transport of coarse particulate organic matter (CPOM) were studied in two headwater streams, one flowing through a mixed deciduous forest and one through a plantation of Eucalyptus globulus. Vertical and lateral traps, transported CPOM and benthic CPOM were sampled monthly to biweekly and sorted into four categories: leaves, twigs and bark, fruits and flowers and debris. The litterfall inputs were about 20% lower at the eucalyptus site but this reduction was unevenly distributed among the litter categories. The reduction of the nitrogen and phosphorus inputs was larger (50%) than that of CPOM because of the low nutrient concentration of the CPOM at the eucalyptus site. Transported CPOM was also lower at the eucalyptus site. Although total CPOM inputs to the stream were reduced in the eucalyptus plantation, benthic storage of CPOM was 50% higher due to (1) high inputs of CPOM and low discharge during summer, (2) more twig and bark inputs, (3) eucalyptus leaves being retained more efficiently in the stream than deciduous leaves (4) a lower discharge, which may in part be attributable to eucalyptus-induced changes in the hydrological cycle. Increased retention balanced lower nitrogen and phosphorus content of CPOM, so benthic storage of nitrogen and phosphorus was similar at both sites. This work demonstrates that the timing, quality and quantity of inputs and benthic storage of CPOM in streams changes substantially because of the substitution of natural deciduous forest with eucalyptus plantation. Maintenance of buffer strips of natural vegetation may be the best way to protect ecological functioning of small, forested streams.
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Litterfall inputs, benthic storage and the transport of coarse particulate organic matter (CPOM) were studied in two headwater streams, one flowing through a mixed deciduous forest and one through a plantation of Eucalyptus globulus. Vertical and lateral traps, transported CPOM and benthic CPOM were sampled monthly to biweekly and sorted into four categories: leaves, twigs and bark, fruits and flowers and debris. The litterfall inputs were about 20% lower at the eucalyptus site but this reduction was unevenly distributed among the litter categories. The reduction of the nitrogen and phosphorus inputs was larger (50%) than that of CPOM because of the low nutrient concentration of the CPOM at the eucalyptus site. Transported CPOM was also lower at the eucalyptus site. Although total CPOM inputs to the stream were reduced in the eucalyptus plantation, benthic storage of CPOM was 50% higher due to (1) high inputs of CPOM and low discharge during summer, (2) more twig and bark inputs, (3) eucalyptus leaves being retained more efficiently in the stream than deciduous leaves (4) a lower discharge, which may in part be attributable to eucalyptus-induced changes in the hydrological cycle. Increased retention balanced lower nitrogen and phosphorus content of CPOM, so benthic storage of nitrogen and phosphorus was similar at both sites. This work demonstrates that the timing, quality and quantity of inputs and benthic storage of CPOM in streams changes substantially because of the substitution of natural deciduous forest with eucalyptus plantation. Maintenance of buffer strips of natural vegetation may be the best way to protect ecological functioning of small, forested streams.
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eng_Latn
| 9,364 |
Application of biochar to agricultural fields to improve soil quality has increased in popularity in recent years, but limited attention is generally paid to existing field conditions before biochar application. This study examined the short-term physicochemical effects of biochar amendment in an agricultural field in Denmark with a calcium carbonate (CaCO) gradient. The field comprised four reference plots and four plots to which biochar (birch wood pyrolyzed at 500°C) was applied at a rate of 20 t ha. Five undisturbed soil columns (10 cm diam., 8 cm height) were sampled from each plot 7 mo after biochar application, and a series of leaching experiments was conducted. The leachate was analyzed for tritium (used as a tracer), colloids, and phosphorus concentration. The results revealed that the presence of CaCO has resulted in marked changes in soil structure (bulk density) and soil chemical properties (e.g., pH and ionic strength), which significantly affected air and water transport and colloid and phosphorous leaching. In denser soils (bulk density, 1.57-1.69 g cm) preferential flow dominated the transport and caused an enhanced movement of air and water, whereas in less dense soils (bulk density, 1.38-1.52 g cm) matrix flow predominated the transport. Compared with reference soils, biochar-amended soils showed slightly lower air permeability and a shorter travel time for 5% of the applied tracer (tritium) to leach through the soil columns. Colloid and phosphorus leaching was observed to be time dependent in soils with low CaCO. Biochar-amended soils showed higher colloid and P release than reference soils. Field-scale variations in total colloid and P leaching reflected clear effects of changes in pH and ionic strength due to the presence of CaCO. There was a linear relationship between colloid and P concentrations in the leachate, suggesting that colloid-facilitated P leaching was the dominant P transport mechanism.
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The transport and retention of Escherichia coli and bacteriophages (PRD1, MS2 and ФX174), as surrogates for human pathogenic bacteria and viruses, respectively, were studied in the sand that was amended with several types of biochar produced from various feedstocks. Batch and column studies were conducted to distinguish between the role of attachment and straining in microbe retention during transport. Batch experiments conducted at various solution chemistries showed negligible attachment of viruses and bacteria to biochar before or after chemical activation. At any given solution ionic strength, the attachment of viruses to sand was significantly higher than that of biochar, whereas bacteria showed no attachment to either sand or biochar. Consistent with batch results, biochar addition (10% w/w) to sand reduced virus retention in the column experiments, suggesting a potential negative impact of biochar application to soil on virus removal. In contrast, the retention of bacteria was enhanced in biochar-amended sand columns. However, elimination of the fine fraction (<60μm) of biochar particles in biochar-amended sand columns significantly reduced bacteria retention. Results from batch and column experiments suggest that land application of biochar may only play a role in microbe retention via straining, by alteration of pore size distribution, and not via attachment. Consequently, the particle size distribution of biochar and sediments is a more important factor than type of biochar in determining whether land application of biochar enhances or diminishes microbial retention.
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Berzelius failed to make use of Faraday's electrochemical laws in his laborious determination of equivalent weights.
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eng_Latn
| 9,365 |
Methanotrophic bacteria play an important role in regulating the methane flux from rice fields to the atmosphere. The abundance of methane-oxidizing bacteria is very heterogeneous along the rice root as revealed by most probable number (MPN) counts and by scanning confocal laser microscopy (SCLM). Two methanotrophic strains, Rp1 and Rp2, were isolated from high dilutions of MPN counts from the rhizoplane of rice roots grown in natural rice field soil. We used monoxenically grown rice plants to relocalize these strains on and in rice roots by means of polyclonal antisera and 16S rRNA probes. Strain Rp1 was even detected in xylem vessels. The two isolates also were able to recolonize roots grown in natural soil under competitive conditions. We found large colonies in deep grooves on the root surface between iron oxide precipitates. Some cells also were observed in the root cortex. The distribution of methane-oxidizing bacteria probably reflects the changing availability of methane and oxygen in the rhizosphere.
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Oxidation of CH4 in the rhizosphere of rice plants was quantified using (1) methyl fluoride, a specific inhibitor of CH4 oxidation, and (2) measuring changes in plant-mediated CH4 emission after incubation under air, N2, or 40% O2. No significant rhizospheric CH4 oxidation was observed from rice plants in the ripening stage. CH4 emission from rice plants 1 week before panicle initiation increased by 40% if CH4 oxidation in the rhizosphere was blocked. The growth stage of the rice plant is an important factor determining the rhizospheric CH4 oxidation. Fluctuation of rhizospheric CH4 oxidation during the growing season may help to explain the observed seasonal CH4 emission patterns in field studies. Measurements from four rice varieties showed that one variety, Pokkali, had higher rhizospheric CH4 oxidation. This was probably because Pokkali was in an earlier growth stage than the other three varieties. Both in the early and in the late growth stages, incubation under N2 caused a much stronger CH4 flux than inhibition of CH4 oxidation alone. Apparently, N2 incubation not only blocked CH4 oxidation but also stimulated methanogenesis in the rhizosphere. Incubation under a higher O2 atmosphere (40% O2) than ambient air decreased the CH4 flux, suggesting that increasing the oxidation of the rice rhizosphere may help in reducing CH4 fluxes from rice agriculture. The O2 pressure in the rhizosphere is an important factor that reduces the plant-mediated CH4 flux. However, inhibition of methanogenesis in the rhizosphere may contribute more to CH4 flux reduction than rhizospheric CH4 oxidation.
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In this short note we prove that if X is a separably rationally connected variety over an algebraically closed field of positive characteristic, then H^1(X, O_X)=0.
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eng_Latn
| 9,366 |
A computer method was developed for predicting nutrient and sediment removal from agricultural drainage water pumped onto wetland buffer areas. The method utilizes a model for simulating drainage from agricultural land and a model for simulating overland flow, and nutrient and sediment removal on wetlands. Both simulation models were calibrated using data collected in field experiments. The simulation models were then coupled to predict the percent removal of sediment, total phosphorus (P), total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN), and nitrate nitrogen (NO3-N) from drainage water for a 20-year period of climatological data. This method predicted that the 240 ha wetland buffer at the field research site could be expected to remove over 79% of the TKN, NO3-N, P, and sediment in drainage water from a 1250 ha agricultural watershed. The method was used to evaluate the effects of buffer size and shape on the nutrient and sediment removal effectiveness of the wetland.
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In the eastern U.S. Coastal Plain and Piedmont region, diverse inland wetlands (riverine, depressional, wet flats) have been impacted by or converted to agriculture. Farm Bill conservation practices that restore or enhance wetlands can return their ecological functions and services to the agricultural landscape. We review the extent of regional knowledge regarding the effectiveness of these conservation practices. Riparian buffers and wetland habitat management have been the most commonly applied wetland-related practices across the region. Riparian Forest Buffers (RFB) have been most studied as a practice. Water quality functions including pollutant removal, provision of aquatic habitat, and enhanced instream chemical processing have been documented from either installed RFBs or natural riparian forests; forest buffers also serve wildlife habitat functions that depend in part on buffer width and connectivity. Wetland restoration/creation and habitat management practices have been less studied on regional agricultural lands; however, research on mitigation wetlands suggests that functional hydrology, vegetation, and faunal communities can be restored in depressional wetlands, and the wetland habitat management practices represent techniques adapted from those used successfully on wildlife refuges. Other conservation practices can also support wetland services. Drainage management on converted wetland flats restores some water storage functions, and viable wetlands can persist within grazed flats if livestock access and grazing are managed appropriately. Because wetland hydrogeomorphic type influences functions, ecosystem services from conservation wetlands will depend on the specifics of how practices are implemented. In a region of diverse wetlands, evaluation of ecological benefits could be improved with more information on the wetland types restored, created, and managed.
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Nitro substituted picolinonitriles, in particular 3-nitro-picolinonitrile, have been found to be useful as anti-bacterial and anti-fungal agents.
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eng_Latn
| 9,367 |
The DNDC (DeNitrification and Decomposition) model was calibrated and tested against experimental data on CH 4 emission from rice fields of Central Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, India. There was good agreement between the simulated and observed values of grain yield, total biomass, N uptake and seasonal CH 4 emission. Overall, the model satisfactorily simulated the seasonal variations of CH 4 emission from flooded rice paddy. However, some discrepancies existed between observed and simulated seasonal patterns of CH 4 emission. Large discrepancies between simulated and observed seasonal fluxes occurred at sites that used manual chamber flux measurements. Sensitivity test results indicate that soil texture and pH significantly influenced CH 4 emission. Changes in organic C content had a moderate influence on CH 4 emission at this site. Variation in the quantity of aboveground biomass returning to the soil was predicted to have little effect on short-term seasonal simulations. Increasing the length of mid-season aeration reduced CH 4 emissions significantly, while addition of sulphate fertilizer reduced CH4 emissions. With continuous modifications and calibration, DNDC can become a powerful tool for estimation of greenhouse gas emissions, forecasting yield trends and studying the impact of climate change and policy formulations.
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Agricultural soils contribute towards the emission of methane and nitrous oxide, the two important greenhouse gases causing global warming. Due to the diverse soil, land-use types and climatic conditions, there are uncertainties in quantificatio n of greenhouse gas emission from agricultural soils in India. An inve ntory of the emission of methane and nitrous oxide from different states in India was prepared using the methodology given by the Inter-Governmental Panel on Climate Change. For methane emission, state-specific emission coefficients have been used for all major rice ecosystems. In case of nitrous oxide, both direct and indirect emissions from agricultural soils in different states have been calculated using the emission coeff icients derived from the experiments conducted in India. For the base year 1994–95, methane and nitrous oxide emissions from Indian agricultural fields were est imated to be 2.9 Tg (61 Tg CO2 equivalent) and 0.08 Tg (39 Tg CO2 equivalent) respectively.
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We prove that groups acting geometrically on delta-quasiconvex spaces contain no essential Baumslag-Solitar quotients as subgroups. This implies that they are translation discrete, meaning that the translation numbers of their nontorsion elements are bounded away from zero.
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eng_Latn
| 9,368 |
Development and implementation of improved methodologies for crop water management will conserve valuable water resources in agricultural regions that depend on irrigation. To address this problem for conditions in central Arizona, we have evaluated the CSM-CROPSIM-CERES-Wheat model using measured wheat growth and soil water data from plot-level irrigation scheduling experiments conducted during the winters of 2003-2004 and 2004-2005. During each season, wheat plots were managed using two FAO-56-based irrigation scheduling approaches at three planting densities (~75, ~150, and ~300 plant m-2) and at two nitrogen application rates (~80 and ~215 kg ha-1 year-1). For these treatments, the calibrated model simulated wheat yield with relative root mean squared errors (RRMSE) of 7.4% and 1.7% for the 2003-2004 and 2004-2005 seasons, respectively. Time series plots of measured and simulated Zadoks number, leaf number, leaf mass, stem mass, spike mass, and green leaf area index demonstrated favorable wheat development and growth responses to experimental treatments and seasonal weather and management variability. The model was able to quantify average soil water contents in eight soil layers to a depth of 210 cm with RRMSEs ranging from 3.3% to 18.9% for the 2003-2004 season and from 2.7% to 11.3% for the 2004-2005 season. Evapotranspiration was simulated with RRMSEs of 2.4% and 3.2% for the 2003-2004 and 2004-2005 seasons, respectively. Deficiencies were demonstrated in the ability of the model's automatic irrigation routines to reproduce the FAO-56 irrigation schedules devised during field experimentation. With further development, the CSM-CROPSIM-CERES-Wheat model could become a valuable central component for decision tools designed to evaluate alternative water management scenarios and improve water management for irrigated agricultural systems.
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Nitrogen and irrigation management are crucial in the production of high protein irrigated durum wheat ( Triticum durum Desf.) in arid regions. However, as the availability of irrigation water decreases and potential costs and regulation of nitrogen (N) increase, there is a need to better understand how irrigation levels interacts with N fertilizer rates. A two-year field experiment was conducted in Maricopa, Arizona USA on a Casa Grande sandy loam to assess effects of N fertilizer and irrigation rates on grain yield, grain N, canopy temperatures yellow berry, and N use efficiency. Five rates of N fertilizer as urea ammonium nitrate (0, 84, 168, 252, and 336 kg N ha −1 ) were applied in three equal splits at Zadoks stages 30, 32, and 39. Ten un-randomized, sequential rates of irrigation ranging from 0.35 to 1.14 fraction of a non-deficit base irrigation treatment (maintained >45% soil water depletion) were applied by sequentially varying the nozzles in a gradient in an overhead sprinkler system. Irrigation plus rain ranged from 230 to 660 mm in the first season, and 180 to 600 mm in the second season. Grain yield was maximum in 2013 at the 252 kg N ha −1 fertilizer rate and at the 10th water level (1.14 irrigation), and between 168 kg and 252 kg N ha −1 at the 8th water level (1.0 irrigation) in 2014. The maximum grain yield of 7500 kg ha −1 in 2013 was reduced to 5000 kg ha −1 in 2014 due to a warmer, shorter growing season. Economic optimum N rate was at water level 8 both years (196 and 138 kg N ha −1 in 2013, and 2014, respectively). Recovery efficiency of added N was high in this system (i.e., >70%) at N fertilizer and water levels that maximized biomass and grain yields. Grain N was maximum at a lower water level (level 3 or 0.50–0.54 irrigation), was positively affected by N fertilizer rate, and was negatively related to yellow berry incidence. Canopy temperature minus air temperature values decreased linearly with increasing irrigation level. Nitrogen fertilizer applications reduced canopy temperature when water levels >0.54 and 0.69 irrigation fraction in 2013, and 2014, respectively. The study results suggested that canopy temperature and weather data that reflects the grain-filling period could be used to improve irrigation and N management, respectively. In short, irrigated durum wheat growers on this soil would achieve the economically optimum grain yield, with the least risk of yield or protein reduction, by applying 200 kg N ha −1 at the base irrigation level which maintains root zone soil moisture depletion below 45%.
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Berzelius failed to make use of Faraday's electrochemical laws in his laborious determination of equivalent weights.
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eng_Latn
| 9,369 |
Isorhynchophylline (IRN), an alkaloid isolated from Uncaria rhynchophylla, has been reported to improve cognitive impairment induced by beta-amyloid in rats. However, whether IRN could also ameliorate the D-galactose (D-gal)-induced mouse memory deficits is still not clear. In the present study, we aimed to investigate whether IRN had potential protective effect against the D-gal-induced cognitive deficits in mice. Mice were given a subcutaneous injection of D-gal (100mg/kg) and orally administered IRN (20 or 40mg/kg) daily for 8weeks, followed by assessing spatial learning and memory function by the Morris water maze test. The results showed that IRN significantly improved spatial learning and memory function in the D-gal-treated mice. In the mechanistic studies, IRN significantly increased the level of glutathione (GSH) and the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), while decreased the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) in the brain tissues of the D-gal-treated mice. Moreover, IRN (20 or 40mg/kg) significantly inhibited the production of prostaglandin E 2 (PGE2) and nitric oxide (NO), and the mRNA expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), as well as the activation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) in the brain tissues of D-gal-treated mice. Our results amply demonstrated that IRN was able to ameliorate cognitive deficits induced by D-gal in mice, and the observed cognition-improving action may be mediated, at least in part, through enhancing the antioxidant status and anti-inflammatory effect of brain tissues via NFκB signaling.
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The asymmetric total syntheses of (−)-rhynchophylline and (+)-isorhynchophylline were achieved in 17 and 16 steps, respectively, from butanal and ethyl acrylate. Our synthesis features Carreira ring expansion to construct the tetracyclic spirooxindole core in high diastereoselectivity and the use of Bosch’s chiral lactam for preparation of enantioenriched cyclic imine.
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When estimating canal water supplies for large-scale irrigation schemes and especially in arid regions worldwide, the impact of all factors affecting the gross irrigation requirements (GIR) are not properly accounted for, which results in inefficient use of precious freshwater resources. This research shows that the concept of irrigation response units (IRU)—areas having unique combinations of factors effecting the GIR—allows for more precise estimates of GIR. An overlay analysis of soil texture and salinity, depth and salinity of groundwater, cropping patterns and irrigation methods was performed in a GIS environment, which yielded a total of 17 IRUs combinations of the Oktepa Zilol Chashmasi water consumers’ association in multi-country Fergana Valley, Central Asia. Groundwater contribution, leaching requirements, losses in the irrigation system through field application and conveyance and effective rainfall were included in GIR estimates. The GIR varied significantly among IRUs [average of 851 mm (±143 mm)] with a maximum (1051 mm) in IRU-12 and a minimum (629 mm) in IRUs-15, 16. Owing to varying groundwater levels in each IRU, the groundwater contribution played a key role in the estimation of the GIR. The maximum groundwater contribution occurred in IRUs dominated by cotton–fallow rotations as evidenced by an average value of 159 mm but a maximum of 254 mm and a minimum of 97 mm. Percolation losses depended on irrigation methods for different crops in their respective IRUs. The novel approach can guide water managers in this and similar regions to increase the accuracy of irrigation demands based on all the factor effecting the GIR.
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eng_Latn
| 9,370 |
Several weed-free and bermudagrass competi- tion periods were established and maintained in cotton to evaluate their influence on cotton yields and reproduction of bermudagrass. Cotton sprayed with fluazifop for bermudagrass control 4 or 8 weeks after emergence yielded 93 and 90% as much as weed-free cotton. This compared to losses of 16 and 26% when bermudagrass was permitted to compete with cotton for 12 and 25 weeks, respectively. Cotton handweeded for 8 to 12 weeks yielded the same as weed-free cotton and 9% more than cotton weed free for only 4 weeks. Bermudagrass seed production was prevented and rhizome production was negligible when weed competition did not exceed 8 weeks and weed-free periods exceeded 4 weeks. Bermudagrass produced significant amounts of seeds (45 to 88% of weedy checks) and rhizomes (9 to 31% of weedy checks) in plots weed free for 4 weeks and in plots where control was delayed for 12 weeks. Coffon grades were reduced because the cotton lint was contaminated with grass in plots weed free for only 4 weeks, and in plots where bermudagrass competed for 25 weeks. Nomenclature: Bermudagrass, Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. #3 CYNDA; cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L. 'Acala SJ-2'; fluazifop, (?) -2-(4-((5-(trifluoromethyl)-2-pyridin- ylloxylphenoxylpropanoic acid. Additional index words. Cotton yield, weed seed and rhizome production, cotton grades, weed competition,
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Studies were conducted to determine the effect of interference between ladysthumb and cotton on plant growth and productivity. Ladysthumb remained shorter than cotton until at least 70 d after cotton planting. However, ladysthumb grew over twice as tall as cotton and, depending on plant density, produced between 179 and 681 g dry biomass per plant by cotton harvest. Ladysthumb biomass per plant was not affected by weed density when grown with cotton. When grown alone, ladysthumb produced over 2,000 g dry biomass per plant, which was over four times greater than biomass produced by plants grown with cotton. Cotton lint yield decreased between 0.7 and 0.9 kg ha−1 with each gram increase in weed dry biomass per meter of the row. The relationship between ladysthumb density and cotton percent yield loss was described by the rectangular hyperbola model with the asymptote (coefficient a) constrained to 100% maximum yield loss. The estimated coefficient i (yield loss per unit density as density approache...
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Berzelius failed to make use of Faraday's electrochemical laws in his laborious determination of equivalent weights.
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eng_Latn
| 9,371 |
Changes in the composition and amount of saccharides have been shown to reflect soil organic matter (SOM) dynamics. The effect of climate on soil monosaccharide pools was investigated in this study, Particle-size fractions were obtained from composite samples taken from the top 10 cm of soil at 18 native grassland sites along mean annual temperature (MAT) and precipitation (MAP) transects from Saskatoon, Canada to southern Texas, USA. Neutral and acidic sugars were determined in the bulk soil, <2-μm (clay), 2- to 20-μm (silt), 20- to 250-μm (fine sand), and 250- to 2000-μm (coarse sand) size separates. As particle size decreased, the concentration of monosaccharides decreased significantly from 297 g kg 1 soil organic C (SOC) in coarse sand to 174 g kg -1 SOC in the silt fractions, but increased to 239 g kg -1 SOC in clay. Ratios of hexoses to pentoses increased with decreasing particle size, indicating that SOM of the finer fractions contained more microbe-derived saccharides, this effect being more pronounced at lower MAT. The concentrations of neutral saccharides decreased in silt and fine-sand fractions as MAT decreased, but increased in all fractions <250 μm as MAP increased. The concentration of acidic sugars in clay and silt was related only to MAP. The results suggest that the moisture regime primarily affected the saccharide concentrations of the finer particle-size fractions, whereas the temperature regime affected primarily the saccharide concentrations of the coarser fractions. Particle-size fractionation was thus a useful tool in decoding the differing effects of MAT and MAP on saccharide dynamics.
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Soil carbohydrates (SC) are important parameters in determining soil fertility in different land uses, particularly in the tropics. There are no tropical studies reported so far on the effect of heterogeneneous land uses on the concentration of SC. Therefore, SC under 13 different land uses including forests and adjacent cultivated lands in Sri Lanka were studied. Soil litter (SL) and soil organic C fractions were evaluated for availability of SC. The study showed that SL is the main factor determining SC composition. Positive relationships between SL and carbohydrates of plant origin (CPO) indicated that SL is the major source of carbohydrates in cultivated lands. Negative relationships were observed between SL and carbohydrates of microbial origin (CMO) in forests. Although the vegetation structure differs, the forests did not show much variation in SC, as soil disturbances, which lead to differences in decomposition rates were minimal or absent. However, the soil management practices among the cultivated lands were highly variable and hence induced significant variations in SC by changing the litter decomposition processes. Intensive soil tillage, agrochemical use and low biomass return reduced the SC to a significant level as shown in potato and tea soils. Three carbohydrates, namely arabinose, xylose and glucose, were not detected in potato cultivation, while ribose and glucose were not detected in tea plantation. The concentration of the other carbohydrates was restricted to the range of 0.12 – 1.75 x 10-6 g kg soil-1 in tea. High biomass return and minimum soil tillage in rubber and coconut plantations respectively increased the SC to 48.6 and 57.79 x 10-6 g kg soil-1 being comparable to their adjacent forests. By comparing SC of forests and the adjacent cultivated lands, both having similar climatic conditions and soil types, the study confirmed that differences in land management practices affected SC concentration. This study provides important guidelines for selecting better land management practices in tropical ecosystems for sustaining soil fertility through SC management. Keywords : Cultivated lands, forests, soil carbohydrates, soil litter, soil organic carbon. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4038/jnsfsr.v39i4.3883 J.Natn.Sci.Foundation Sri Lanka 2011 39 (4):345-353
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Background ::: Serum calcium (Ca) and inorganic phosphate (Pi) concentrations and calcium-phosphate product (CPP) levels are positively associated with worse outcomes in patients with chronic kidney disease, but there are few data for Pi or Ca and none for CPP in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF).
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eng_Latn
| 9,372 |
We analyse the properties of GaAs based quantum dot semiconductor lasers emitting near 1310 nm. The line-width enhancement factor is shown to depend strongly on device temperature, ranging from 1.5 at 20 degrees C to 5 at 50 degrees C. With optical feedback from a distant reflector, devices remained stable at 20 degrees C but displayed a range of instabilities at 50 degrees C, including irregular power drop--outs and periodic pulsations, before entering a chaotic regime. Such dynamical features are unique to quantum dot lasers -- quantum well lasers are significantly more unstable under optical feedback making such a clear route to chaos difficult to observe.
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The optical characteristics of the first laser diodes fabricated from a single-InAs quantum-dot layer placed inside a strained InGaAs QW are described. The saturated modal gain for this novel laser active region is found to be 9-10 cm/sup -1/ in the ground state. Room temperature threshold current densities as low as 83 A/cm/sup 2/ for uncoated 1.24-/spl mu/m devices are measured, and operating wavelengths over a 190-nm span are demonstrated.
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As interest in food waste composting grows, so does the need for proven composting methods. Stability testing has been proposed as a compost quality assurance tool. We conducted this study to: (i) to evaluate the efficacy of simple outdoor composting methods in producing a compost with a low, stable decomposition rate, and (ii) to determine the reliability of simple, 4-h compost stability evaluation methods. Composting was conducted outdoors in winter and spring in Eugene, Oregon without moisture addition. Mixed food waste was combined with screened dairy solids and ground yard trimmings. Sawdust was used to cover windrows for the first 27 d of composting. Compost windrow temperatures remained above 55°C for 30+ d. Carbon dioxide evolved with several 4-h test methods was strongly correlated (r 2 > 0.7) with CO 2 evolved using a 48-h test. A limited-turn windrow (LTW) composting system produced compost with slightly greater stability than a passively aerated windrow (PAW) composting system. Food waste compost samples had a low CO 2 evolution rate after 71 to 99 d using either composting system. Compost CO 2 evolution rate at 25°C decreased with composting time, reaching approximately 1 to 4 mg CO 2 -C g compost C -1 d -1 for the PAW method and 0.5 to 2 mg CO 2 -C g compost C -1 d -1 for the LTW method. Putrescible organic matter in food waste was effectively decomposed in outdoor windrows using composting methods that did not employ forced aeration, self-propelled windrow turners, or manufactured composting vessels. Several 4-h stability tests showed promise for implementation as quality assurance tools.
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eng_Latn
| 9,373 |
Evaluating the responses of soil respiration in desert ecosystems to varying rates of added N is of great significance for understanding their carbon (C) budgets under increasing nitrogen (N) deposition. In this study, the diel and seasonal patterns of soil respiration through out the growing season were examined over a three-year period after adding a gradient of N to soil in the Gurbantunggut Desert. N was added at five rates: 0.5, 1.0, 3.0, 6.0 and 24.0 g N m−2 y−1 (denoted as N0.5, N1, N3, N6 and N24, respectively), plus a control without N addition: N0. Soil respiration showed both a distinct diel and seasonal dynamics. Soil temperature was the dominant factor influencing diel changes in soil respiration. High summer temperatures could reduce soil respiration due to the probable decrease of microbial respiration. Soil moisture was the driving factor that affected the soil respiration seasonal pattern. Precipitation pulses elicited an intense CO2 release after the pulse ceased. Although soil respiration showed an increase with enhancing N rates in the first year, the positive effects of N24 treatments weakened in the second year and became negative, and effectively toxic in the third. The total carbon production in the growing seasons among different N treatments in 2010 and 2011 also followed this model. In addition, soil respiration was also consistent with fine root biomass in the growing seasons. The results indicated that as soil temperature interacted with soil moisture, it affected temporal changes in the soil surface C flux and C sequestration, with C sequestration being affected differently based on the rate of N added and number of exposed years.
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Increases in nitrogen (N) deposition can greatly stimulate ecosystem net carbon (C) sequestration through positive N-induced effects on plant productivity. However, how net ecosystem CO2 exchange (NEE) and its components respond to different N addition rates remains unclear. Using an N addition gradient experiment (six levels: 0, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32 gN m−2 yr−1) in an alpine meadow on the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau, we explored the responses of different ecosystem C fluxes to an N addition gradient and revealed mechanisms underlying the dynamic responses. Results showed that NEE, ecosystem respiration (ER), and gross ecosystem production (GEP) all increased linearly with N addition rates in the first year of treatment but shifted to N saturation responses in the second year with the highest NEE (−7.77 ± 0.48 µmol m−2 s−1) occurring under an N addition rate of 8 gN m−2 yr−1. The saturation responses of NEE and GEP were caused by N-induced accumulation of standing litter, which limited light availability for plant growth under high N addition. The saturation response of ER was mainly due to an N-induced saturation response of aboveground plant respiration and decreasing soil microbial respiration along the N addition gradient, while decreases in soil microbial respiration under high N addition were caused by N-induced reductions in soil pH. We also found that various components of ER, including aboveground plant respiration, soil respiration, root respiration, and microbial respiration, responded differentially to the N addition gradient. These results reveal temporal dynamics of N impacts and the rapid shift in ecosystem C fluxes from N limitation to N saturation. Our findings bring evidence of short-term initial shifts in responses of ecosystem C fluxes to increases in N deposition, which should be considered when predicting long-term changes in ecosystem net C sequestration.
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We prove that groups acting geometrically on delta-quasiconvex spaces contain no essential Baumslag-Solitar quotients as subgroups. This implies that they are translation discrete, meaning that the translation numbers of their nontorsion elements are bounded away from zero.
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eng_Latn
| 9,374 |
Native arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) associated to cassava ( Manihot esculenta ), a globally important food crop have been shown to enhance its growth, nutrition and productivity. In order to better characterize levels of AMF diversity and identify species relevant to cassava productivity, deeper sequencing depth of cassava field soils is needed. In this paper, we hypothesise that community composition could be linked to specific edaphic factors within contrasted soils. The arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) communities of Manihot esculenta rhizosphere soils was investigated by Illumina MiSeq technology. We analyzed the possible correlation between soil characteristics and AMF community composition in cassava field soils within three different agro-ecological zones. Principal Coordinate Analysis (PCoA) and Permutational Multivariate Analysis of Variance were used to test the relative contribution of each agro-ecological zone in explaining the variation in AMF community composition within cassava field soils. Pearson correlations were used to identify the soil properties that significantly explained AMF community compositions within the three zones. The results have shown that despite the fact that the three zones exhibited contrasted soils, AMF community in cassava field soils was dominated by Glomeraceae ( Rhizophagus , G lomus , Funneliformis and Septoglomus ), with Rhizophagus as the most dominant core genus. Soil type determined the distribution of AMF communities in cassava field soils, and this effect was attributed to soil properties related to organic matter, three micronutrients (available phosphorus, Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ ), V% and clay. It was shown that high available phosphorus contents (50-100ppm) reduce diversity but did not affect the dominance of the genus Rhizophagus .
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Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) play a major role as biofertilizer for sustainable agriculture. Nevertheless, it is still poorly documented whether inoculated AMF can successfully establish in field soils as exotic AMF and improve plant growth and productivity. Further, the fate of an exogenous inoculum is still poorly understood. Here, we pre-inoculated two cultivars (Tasset and Gola) of the fruit tree Ziziphus mauritiana (jujube) with the exotic AM fungus Rhizophagus irregularis isolate IR27 before transplantation in the field. In two experiments, tracking and quantification of R. irregularis IR27 were assessed in a 13-month-old jujube and an 18-month-old jujube in two fields located in Senegal. Our results showed that the inoculant R. irregularis IR27 was quantitatively traced and discriminated from native R. irregularis isolates in roots by using a qPCR assay targeting a fragment of the RNA polymerase II gene (RPB1), and that the inoculum represented only fractions ranging from 11 to 15% of the Rhizophagus genus in the two plantations 13 and 18 months after transplantation, respectively. This study validates the use of the RPB1 gene as marker for a relative quantification of a mycorrhizal inoculant fungus isolate in the field.
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Nymphs ofTriatoma infestans andTriatoma mazzottii are weakly attracted to their feces and to extracts of feces in polar solvents, but not to nonpolar solvent extracts. The major volatile compounds identified in feces by solvent extraction and thermal desorption wereo-aminoacetophenone, 4-methylquinazoline, and 2,4-dimethylquinazoline, but these showed no attractant activity at a range of concentrations. Choice tests with a moving current of air gave no positive reaction to feces, extracts, or pure compounds.
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eng_Latn
| 9,375 |
Nitrogen mineralization was investigated in controlled conditions (60% WHC, 20oC) in the soil of some alpine grassland communities. A significant correlation was found between the mineralization of nitrogen and certain soil factors (pH, WHC, Total Nitrogen and Organic Carbon). It was concluded that ammonification takes place at higher rates in grasslands which are dominated by Nardus stricta L. (Poaceae) plant species, whereas nitrification occurs at a higher rates in grasslands which are dominated by Festuca cyllenica Boiss. et Heldr. and F. punctoria Sm. (Poaceae).
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This study was conducted to investigate mineralization potensial of different land uses in the area of Tutunculer in Artvin in 2011. For this purposes, soil samples were taken from surface 0-15 cm depth in young scothpine stands, scothpine and spruce stand and adjacent grassland sites with similar parent material, slope and aspect. Samples were subjected to standard incubition technique in labratory conditions (60% MSK and 25 0 C). Mineralization rate different significantly among sites. Nitrification rate higher in grassland sites compared to other sides (149.46 N kg/ha 63 day -1 ) . Normal 0 false false false TR X-NONE X-NONE
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Soils differ in their ability to supply the nutrients necessary to sustain forest productivity. Nutrients are added through natural processes such as weathering of primary and secondary soil minerals, mineralization of soil organic matter including the forest floor layer, fixation of nitrogen primarily through symbiotic microorganisms, and natural or induced atmospheric deposition. Nutrients become unavailable for plant uptake through immobilization by soil microorganisms and through chemical and mineralogical reactions including precipitation and adsorption reactions and ionic fixation within lattice structures of clay minerals. Losses of nutrients can take place through soil leaching and erosional processes. Nutrients can also be added or lost through human activities such as fertilization and harvesting. Nutrient supply continually shifts with the rate and direction dependent on the prevailing processes in the soil system, but subject to overriding human influence. Over relatively short periods of time, the soil nutrient supply can be subject to seasonal fluctuations. Factors affecting long-term nutrient availability are functions of soil mineralogy, the rate of mineralization of the organic matter of the soil and forest floor layer, and plant-soil relationships of the species occupying the site (deciduous vs. coniferous species, deep vs. shallow rooting, symbiotic nitrogen fixation).
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eng_Latn
| 9,376 |
The few millimeters of soil surrounding a plant's roots, the 'rhizosphere', are a nexus of biological activity, and inhabited by microorganisms that are critically important to both plant health and soil carbon (C) transformation and stabilization. Advancing our understanding of plant-microbe interactions and the soil carbon cycle requires disentangling the complex relationships among roots, soil microbes, mycorrhizae, and soil mineral surfaces. Yet in wildland systems, many important mechanistic rhizosphere questions remain unanswered. For example, most root C is decomposed to CO 2 , but of the remainder, what microbial transformations lead to the opportunity to become stabilized? How do plant species and microbial functionality regulate flows of C and nutrients, and how much do these vary over space and time? Transfer of root carbon to bacterial and fungal cell biomass may be a particularly important activity that precedes C stabilization on mineral surfaces, but the steps involved in this process remain ambiguous. In the past decade, multiple 'isotope-enabled' approaches have been developed that allow us to see and measure these complex rhizosphere interactions with high spatial, chemical, and molecular resolution. Here we present illustrative examples of these approaches as applied in non-cultivated soil systems.
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The rhizosphere is a hotspot for microbial carbon transformations, and is the entry point for root polysaccharides and polymeric carbohydrates that are important precursors to soil organic matter (SOM). However, the ecological mechanisms that underpin rhizosphere carbohydrate depolymerization are poorly understood. Using Avena fatua, a common annual grass, we analyzed time-resolved metatranscriptomes to compare microbial functions in rhizosphere, detritusphere, and combined rhizosphere–detritusphere habitats. Transcripts were binned using a unique reference database generated from soil isolate genomes, single-cell amplified genomes, metagenomes, and stable isotope probing metagenomes. While soil habitat significantly affected both community composition and overall gene expression, the succession of microbial functions occurred at a faster time scale than compositional changes. Using hierarchical clustering of upregulated decomposition genes, we identified four distinct microbial guilds populated by taxa whose functional succession patterns suggest specialization for substrates provided by fresh growing roots, decaying root detritus, the combination of live and decaying root biomass, or aging root material. Carbohydrate depolymerization genes were consistently upregulated in the rhizosphere, and both taxonomic and functional diversity were highest in the combined rhizosphere–detritusphere, suggesting coexistence of rhizosphere guilds is facilitated by niche differentiation. Metatranscriptome-defined guilds provide a framework to model rhizosphere succession and its consequences for soil carbon cycling.
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The preterm intestine is not ready for life outside the womb because of its impaired digestive, absorptive, and motility capabilities. Intestinal barrier function is inadequate and enterocyte contributions to innate immunity are hyper-responsive, predisposing the infant to inflammatory disease and sepsis. Microbial colonization plays a significant role in normal postnatal development of the intestine. Microbial–host interactions can enhance motility, digestion, and absorption, in addition to strengthening barrier function and encouraging immune homeostasis. These benefits are not seen in preterm infants who experience delayed and altered microbial community colonization after birth, termed dysbiosis. In combination with the reduced gut functions in the preterm infant, dysbiosis can further damage existing gut functions and exacerbate the hyper-reactive inflammatory state, which increases the risk for inflammatory diseases such as necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). This chapter details the role of the microbiome in intestinal maturation and outlines ways in which poor clinical outcomes in the preterm infant, such as NEC, could be circumvented through clinical interventions that optimize the microbiome community.
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eng_Latn
| 9,377 |
Grasses grow in many environments and are widely used in vegetative techniques to control topsoil erosion. De Baets et al. [6] emphasized the importance of grass roots to increase the topsoil resistance against erosion, especially by concentrated flow. For a better understanding and modeling, the influence of grass roots concerning erosion and soil stability, as well as possible differences in the physical properties of grass species should be known. Referring to reported problems associated with root clamping [15], the aims of this study were (1) to find an appropriate clamping procedure for very fine root measurements practically without damaging the tested roots, and (2) to evaluate the tensile strength, elongation and elasticity of the roots of Phleum pratense (“Timothy”).
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Degradation of slopes due to shallow landslide and the subsequent erosional processes are a big challenge on the application of soil bioengineering techniques; that is the use of plants as main structural components of a slope protection and conservation system. An optimal application of soil bioengineering techniques should include not only the technical factor of plants as structural components but also the ecology of species and the plant adaptations to disturbances, which is crucial if a longterm successful slope restoration system is intended. Ferns are a dominant understory vegetation species in the forest of Japan, but its characteristics and influences on the recovery of shallow landslide scars have not been fully studied yet. This study aims to find out the ecological characteristics of fern species through the calculation of ecological indicators and the quantification of the morphological features of specimens growing on disturbed and non-disturbed forest slopes in Japan. Gleichenia japonica was found as the vegetation species with biggest ecological indicators on both slopes. The analysis of morphological characteristics of the specimens growing on both sites showed that the development of the specimens is focused in below-ground characteristics. The pull-out force of Gleichenia japonica root system as an indicator of ecological adaptation to a constraint environment and morphological characteristics quality is influenced by height and root length according to the principal component analysis. The eco-morphological characteristics of species can be used as an indicator of an optimal element in soil bioengineering establishment for slope conservation proposes. The long and fibrous root system could be placed on forest roads, steep or small slopes where space limitation is an issue for the establishment of bigger species and if the slope conditions allow it, it can control soil losses due to rainfall and provide stability.
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We report enhancement of the mechanical stability of graphene through a one-step method to disperse gold nanoparticles on the pristine graphene without any added agent.
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eng_Latn
| 9,378 |
ABSTRACTPastoral agriculture is a major source for nitrate () contamination in surface and ground waters and for the greenhouse gas emissions in New Zealand. Advances have been made in recent years in understanding the role of different ammonia oxidisers, including ammonia oxidising bacteria (AOB) and ammonia oxidising archaea (AOA) in nitrification, and in developing nitrification inhibitor (NI) mitigation technologies. Results showed that, in the N-rich soil environment under the animal urine patches in grazed grassland, AOB are the dominant microbes responsible for ammonia oxidation whereas AOA play a less important role. A number of laboratory and field studies have demonstrated conclusively that treating grazed pasture soils with a nitrification inhibitor (NI), such as dicyandiamide (DCD), which inhibits the growth and activity of AOB, is an effective means of reducing leaching and emissions.Professor Hong Di.
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The nitrogen (N) nutrition of dairy pasture systems in southern Australia has changed from almost total dependence on legumes in the early 1990s through to almost complete reliance on N fertiliser today. Although some tactical N fertiliser is applied to sheep and beef pastures to boost late winter growth, most N fertiliser usage on pastures remains with the dairy industry. Intensification of the farming system, through increased stocking rates and a greater reliance on N fertiliser, has increased N loading, leading to higher potential N losses through volatilisation, leaching and denitrification. With increasing focus on the environmental impact of livestock production, reducing N loading on dairy farms will become increasingly important to the longer-term sustainability of the dairy industry, possibly with the expectation that Australia will join most of the developed countries in regulating N loading in catchments. This paper examines N usage in modern pasture-based dairy systems, the N cycle and loss pathways, and summarises a series of recent modelling studies and component research, investigating options for improving N use efficiency (NUE) and reducing whole-farm N balance. These studies demonstrate that the application of revised practices has the potential to improve NUE, with increasing sophistication of precision technologies playing an important role. This paper discusses the challenge of sustainably intensifying grazing systems with regard to N loading and what approaches exist now or have the potential to decouple the link between production, fertiliser use and environmental impact.
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Cu inhibition of gene transcription in ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) were rarely studied simultaneously in activated sludge. In this study, the transcription of amoA (for AOB) and nxrB (for NOB), nitrification efficiencies, AOB and NOB respiratory rates, and Cu distribution were simultaneously investigated. Modeling the relationships among the aforementioned parameters revealed that in complex activated sludge systems, nitrification efficiency was an insensitive parameter for showing Cu inhibition. Respiration activities and gene transcription were sensitive to Cu and positively correlated with each other. The transcription of amoA and nxrB genes indicated that the Cu had different inhibitory effects on AOB and NOB. AOB were more susceptible to Cu toxicity than NOB. Moreover, the degree of Cu inhibition on ammonia oxidation was greater than on nitrite oxidation. The analysis and related modeling results indicate that the inhibitory actions of Cu on nitrifying bacteria could mainly be attributed to intracellular Cu. The findings from this study provide insight into the mechanism of Cu inhibition on nitrification in complex activated sludge systems.
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eng_Latn
| 9,379 |
Exergy and Emergy have been developed as two complementary goal functions. Quantitative applications of Exergy for higher organisms were made with traditional thermodynamic considerations. The concept of Emergy originally came from systems ecology. Exergy is a property of a system, measuring the maximum work that can be extracted from a system when it goes towards the thermodynamic equilibrium with a reference state, whereas Emergy is the energy required to make a service or product expressed in energy of one form. Exergy is a measure of the actual state, of the level of organization and of the information content, while the concept of Emergy contains the history, the time and all the different processed involved up to the present state of the system. Both of them have their respective characteristics on expressing the functions of ecosystems. They represent two complementary aspects of a system. Exergy is a useful, common measure of resource quality and quantity, applicable to both materials and energy. Therefore, Exergy can be used to measure and compare resource inputs and outputs,such as wastes and losses. Exergy is expected to increase as ecosystems mature and form the thermodynamic equilibrium. At the same time, Emergy is a powerful tool for determining energy flows through biological systems and for determining sustainable economic values in the field of ecological economics. Emergy is not only a measure of what have gone into a product, but also a measure of the useful contributions that can be expected from the product as a system self-organizes for maximum production. Accordingly, Emergy is the work that the biosphere has to do to maintain a system far from equilibrium. It is seams that emergy is a production side approach, where quality is measured by the cost of producing a flow or product, while Exergy is an end-use approach, where quality is measured by the usefulness to the receiver. The two approaches are very suitable for describing self-organizing systems such as ecosystems and even more complex systems such as compound eco-ecosystems. Exergy and Emergy accounting can provide insight into the environmental performance and sustainability of eco-ecological process and product. Moreover, the ratio of Exergy to the Emergy flow indicates the efficiency of an ecosystem in producing or maintaining its organization. Considered the variation in time of Exergy and Emergy, their ratio indicates the effect of the change of available inputs in the level of organization of the system under study. A great effort in research is presently made to integrate the two approaches, which also present many common points.
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As natural ecosystems provide the material basis and fundamental support for regional sustainable development, the sustainability of natural ecosystems is an important prerequisite and a viable approach for the achievement of regional sustainable development. It is also the final criteria to assess whether sustainable development paradigm is successful. Along with the increasing impacts of human activities on natural ecosystems, the evaluation of regional ecological sustainability has become one of the key issues for research on macro ecology and sustainable development. Based on different unit of indicators, this study firstly groups the evaluation frameworks of regional ecological sustainability into three major types: comprehensive index evaluation with dimensionless unit, monetary valuation, and biophysical quantity measurement. We then discuss and compare these types in terms of basic principles, scope of applications, advantages and shortcomings. Finally, drawn on the discussion about characteristics of ecological sustainability, we outline the current trend and future directions of regional ecological sustainability evaluation, for instance, transition from sustainable development evaluation to sustainability science, integration of goal-oriented and problem-solving approaches, combination of spatial pattern analysis and ecological sustainability evaluation, and enhancement of ecological sustainability evaluation at landscape scale.
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Berzelius failed to make use of Faraday's electrochemical laws in his laborious determination of equivalent weights.
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eng_Latn
| 9,380 |
The effects of yield increase and mechanism of site-specific nitrogen management (SSNM) in five rice varieties from cold areas of northeastern China were studied. Plot experiment for critical SPAD value and experiments of two fertilization methods, SSNM and farmer’s fertilization practice (FFP) were conducted to study their effects on the quality and dry matter accumulation of rice population, as well as N uptake. Compared with FFP, SSNM significantly decreased the average N rate by 33.8%, significantly increased average ear-bearing tiller rate and LAI for grain-filling stage by 12.3% and 14.1-27.6%, correspondingly, improved dry matter weight and N uptake after heading period by 4.3-29.1% and 11.8-55.1% (P 0.05), and heightened recovery efficiency and agronomic efficiency by 38.5-133.4% (P 0.05) and 39.8-194.3% (P 0.05), respectively, as well as increased the average yield by 9.8% in 2004 and 2005. The results indicated that the accumulation rate of dry matter and N increased the rice yield and N use efficiency, because of improving rice population quality and increasing LAI after heading period.
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ABSTRACT A pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of nitrogen (N) fertilizer and maize straw incorporation on the accumulation of NH 4+ - 15 N and NO 3- - N in soil inorganic N pool among three consecutive cropping cycles, aimed to search for an effective N management practice to decrease superfluous accumulation of soil inorganic N and fertilizer N losses. The results showed that the amounts of soil NH 4+ - 15 N, NO 3- - 15 N and inorganic 15 N, and their percent to applied 15 N-labeled fertilizer declined significantly with sampling time ( p ≤ 0.001). Compared to low N application rate (44.64 mg N kg -1 soil), high N application rate (89.28 mg N kg soil) enhanced significantly the amounts of soil NH 4+ - 15 N, NO 3- - N and inorganic 15 N by 238.6%, 132.9% and 197.3%, respectively ( p ≤ 0.001). In contrast, maize straw addition declined significantly the amounts of soil NH 4+ - 15 N and inorganic 15 N by 21.4% and 16.1% compared to without maize straw ( p ≤ 0.001). The results suggested that a combined application of chemical fertilizer and maize straw with a wide C/N ratio is an important means for reducing the superfluous accumulation of fertilizer N as soil inorganic N to subsequently lower its loss.
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Berzelius failed to make use of Faraday's electrochemical laws in his laborious determination of equivalent weights.
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eng_Latn
| 9,381 |
For maximizing water retention and attaining high yields, transplanting into puddled soil (TPR) is often considered the optimal method of rice ( Orzya sativa L.) establishment. Alternative management techniques like direct seeding (DSR) and deep tillage have been proposed as mechanisms to improve soil physical properties for subsequent dry-season crops, but the risks to rice are uncertain. In this full factorial study on a valley terrace in Nepal, the influence of tillage (shallow—T 1 , deep chisel—T 2 , deep chisel + moldboard plough—T 3 ) and establishment practice (TPR, DSR) on the field water balance and rice performance were evaluated in two adjacent landscape settings (terrace edge “upland”, central terrace “lowland”). Although deep tillage had only modest influences on seepage and percolation (SP) rates in both years (Y 1 , Y 2 ), landscape placement and establishment practice had significant implications for the water balance (e.g. Y 2 SP cm day −1 : TPR-lowland = 1.6, DSR-lowland = 2.3, TPR-upland = 4.1, DSR-upland = 6.1). During low rainfall periods, however, soil water potential and drought vulnerability were governed solely by landscape placement. Despite water balance differences, there was little evidence that rice rooting behavior was substantially modified by landscape or establishment method. Weed biomass was higher in DSR, but was uncorrelated with water balance and productivity trends. In Y 1 , lower SP rates and more days with continuous flooding were positively associated with rice productivity. DSR yields were significantly lower than TPR in both landscape positions, with the lowland outperforming the upland (Y 1 mt ha −1 : TPR-lowland = 6.4, DSR-lowland = 5.2, TPR-upland = 5.7, DSR-upland = 4.7). To determine if N dynamics were contributing to productivity differences, fertilizer nitrogen was increased from 120 to 150 kg N ha −1 in Y 2 . Results suggest that DSR performance is comparable – and landscape less important – if nitrogen is non-limiting (Y 2 mt ha −1 : TPR-lowland = 6.9, DSR-lowland = 6.5, TPR-upland = 7.0, DSR-upland = 6.5); no aspect of the field water balance was associated with yield variability in Y 2 . For direct seeding in N-deficient farming systems, landscape criteria may prove useful for minimizing production risks by identifying field areas with lower SP rates.
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Direct-seeded flooded rice (Oryza sativa L.) culture is becoming an increasingly popular alternative to transplanting in some regions of Asia. Two field studies were therefore conducted to compare the growth patterns of wet-row-seeded and transplanted IR64 rice as affected by rate of N fertilizer application (0 and 90 kg N ha −1 in 1987 and 0, 30, 60, 90, 120, and 150 kg N ha −1 in 1988). Row-seeded rice exhibited faster crop establishment and a more productive vegetative growth phase, because transplanting shock was absent and tiller number greater. Leaf area index was greater in row-seeded than in transplanted rice. During the reproductive and ripening stages, lower foliar N concentration depressed canopy CO 2 assimilation and crop growth rate of row-seeded rice. Lower foliar N concentration was caused by dilution and not by reduced uptake. Greatest grain yield was 9.0 Mg ha −1 with 120 kg N ha −1 applied in transplanted rice and 150 kg N ha −1 in row-seeded rice. Yield response to applied N was significant up to 60 and 90 kg N ha −1 in transplanted and row-seeded rice, respectively. The harvest index was lower in row-seeded than in transplanted rice at all N rates. Row-seeded rice had a higher N demand and an inferior ability to convert high biomass production into grain yield as compared with transplanted rice. Alternative genotypes with reduced tillering ability and limited leaf area production during the reproductive stages may improve the performance of tropical wet direct-seeded rice
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Distillation at an infinite reflux ratio in combination with an infinite number of trays has been investigated.
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eng_Latn
| 9,382 |
This chapter discusses discuss the origin, importance and controls of gaseous nitrogen (N) emissions from livestock farming systems. It discusses the N transformation during feed digestion and of the relationship between feed composition and the composition of feces and urine. The chapter also describes the emissions from feces and urine deposited on pastures by grazing animals, and the emissions from manure in animal housing systems and storage systems. Finally, the chapter discusses gaseous N losses from manure applied to agricultural land are discussed. On a global scale, livestock farming systems contribute about 70% to the total anthropogenic emission of ammonia (NH 3 ) and about 30% to the total anthropogenic emission of nitrous oxide (N 2 O) into the atmosphere. Basically, livestock farming systems transform carbohydrates and protein from plants into milk, meat and eggs. Usually not more than 5 to 30% of the plant protein is transformed into animal protein, depending on animal type and management. The remaining 70 to 95% is excreted via urine and dung as organically bound nitrogen (N). Following its deposition on the floor of animal housing systems or in pastures, a major fraction of the organic N is rapidly hydrolyzed into ammonium (NH 4 + ). The NH 4 + in urine and dung is conducive to volatilization as NH 3 . The NH 4 + is also substrate for nitrifying bacteria upon aeration of the manure (dung and urine). The nitrifying bacteria convert NH 4 + into nitrate (NO 3 ) which than can be converted subsequently into dinitrogen (N 2 ) by denitrifying bacteria under anoxic conditions. Another 10 to 50% of total N in the manure may escape as NH3, NO, N2O and N2 from the soil following application to agricultural land.
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We analyzed nitrogen budgets at national and regional levels on a timeline from 1961–2030 using a model, IAP-N 1.0. The model was designed based upon the Inter-governmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) methods using Asia-specific parameters and a Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) database. In this paper we discuss new reactive-nitrogen and its various fates, and environmental nitrogen enrichment and its driving forces. The anthropogenic reactive nitrogen of Asia dramatically increased from ∼ 14.4 Tg N yr−1 in 1961 to ∼ 67.7 Tg N yr−1 in 2000 and is likely to be 105.3 Tg N yr−1 by 2030. Most of the anthropogenic reactive-nitrogen has accumulated in the environment. We found that an increasing demand for food and energy supplies and the lack of effective measures to improve the efficiency of fertilizer nitrogen use, as well as effective measures for the prevention of NOx emissions from fossil-fuel combustion, are the principal drivers behind the environmental nitrogen-...
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Nymphs ofTriatoma infestans andTriatoma mazzottii are weakly attracted to their feces and to extracts of feces in polar solvents, but not to nonpolar solvent extracts. The major volatile compounds identified in feces by solvent extraction and thermal desorption wereo-aminoacetophenone, 4-methylquinazoline, and 2,4-dimethylquinazoline, but these showed no attractant activity at a range of concentrations. Choice tests with a moving current of air gave no positive reaction to feces, extracts, or pure compounds.
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eng_Latn
| 9,383 |
A silica gel coated heat exchanger based air conditioning system driven by the evacuated tube solar water heater has been experimentally investigated. The system has been operated for two different modes namely cooling with dehumidification mode and heating with humidification mode in summer and winter season respectively. The system performance is analyzed in terms of regeneration rate, dehumidification rate and thermal coefficient of performance (COP th ). Experimental results demonstrated that, for cooling and dehumidification mode, the process air is cooled by an average temperature of 8.5 °C. A better dehumidification rate can be achieved by using pre-cooling before dehumidification process. Post-cooling after dehumidification process is found to be advantageous for cooling capacity and COP th . For heating with humidification mode, the process air is heated by an average temperature of 13.3 °C with an average increment in humidity ratio of 1.9 g/kg. It is found that the average COP th of the system is 0.45 and 0.87 for cooling and heating mode respectively.
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Phase change material cold storage system could improve the efficiency and stability of the solar-powered air-conditioning system and the building thermal environment. This article is a novel investigation of the phase change materials’ usage in cold storage system and the phase change material cold storage working principles and features that are applied in the different solar-powered air-conditioning systems as cited in the recent publications. This involves phase change material cold storage system, solar-powered air-conditioning system, and the commercial market evaluation. To reduce the intermittent solar energy operation, the energy storage system is quite essential. Currently, the popular method is advanced phase change material cold storage. Using phase change materials in the energy storage systems, the heat exchangers and thermal control systems are the potential techniques. This article also reviewed the phase change material cold storage when applied in the solar-powered air-conditioning syste...
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Various components in the microclimate of irrigated and rainfed maize stands were examined in Keszthely, Hungary, from the end of June 2001 until the first ten days of August. To simulate the elements of microclimate, Crop Microclimate Simulation Model of Goudriaan (1977) was applied. The air temperature and humidity were registered using a Temperature/Relative Humidity Sensor, attached to a data recorder placed in a Stevenson screen, close to the tassel level of the adult plants (1.40 m above the soil surface). Measured and simulated values were compared with respect to hourly means of samples taken every 4 seconds, and diurnal means calculated for the daylight hours. The weather on certain sampling days (rain and strong winds) resulted in a microclimate simulation so far from reality, that these days were omitted from the evaluation. The difference between the diurnal means of simulated sampling days and the measured values was small, less than 1 °C for the air temperature, and below 10% for the relative humidity. The simulation of air temperature was closer to the field parameters in the non-irrigated treatment. The difference between the observed and simulated air moisture values was much the same in the two water supply treatments. The microclimate simulated was such a good approximation to reality that the simulation was able to reflect events causing very slight differences, such as the effect of irrigation. This indicates that a knowledge of the changes in the microclimate, expected as the result of various agronomic measures, could form the basis for better decisions by farmers.
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eng_Latn
| 9,384 |
Long-term crop rotation trials were designed to assess sustainability of alternatives to traditional fallow and monocropping. The trial described here (6 years) involved wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in rotation with lentil (Lens culinaris L.), forage vetch (Vicia sativa), pasture medic (Medicago spp.), fallow and watermelon (Citrullus vulgaris). Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) was compared with wheat for an additional 2 years. Cereal grain and straw yields were highest with fallow and watermelon followed by vetch, lentil and medic; the latter showed no differential effect of variable grazing intensity. Fertilizer N increased yields except in the low-rainfall years (less than 250 mm). Barley out-yielded wheat in terms of grain, but not straw. Medic yielded highest in dry matter, whereas lentil produced highest seed yield. Despite the difficulty of assessing crop and animal-oriented rotations because of non-commonality of outputs, economic considerations are foremost, but other benefits of rotations (soil quality, water-use relations) are also relevant to the overall assessment of cereal-based Mediterranean rotations. The study suggested barley rather than wheat as the desired cereal in rotation with legumes in this marginal-rainfall (350 mm) environment and provided support for the viability of vetch and lentil in the cropping system. Given the importance of sheep in the region's farming system, vetch is likely to have a major role in crop rotations.
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In this study, we examined the effect of five years of organic farming on soil parameters of a dryland Mediterranean agroecosystem. The study involved a four-course rotation: barley/common vetch/oats/bitter vetch, with incorporation of crop residues into the soil, no fertilization, shallow tillage, and variable sowing practice. The overall effect of the organic rotation was to significantly affect soil organic matter (SOM), total nitrogen (N), and available phosphorus and potassium, even if these effects were inconsistent over the five years studied. Nevertheless, the overall effect of each crop in the rotation was to increase these soil quality parameters by comparison with the original values during the period of conventional cultivation. Given that SOM and total N content are key indexes of soil management sustainability, the principal finding was the positive effect of the rotation on them. Variable sowing had little influence on SOM, and had no effect on the other variables.
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Berzelius failed to make use of Faraday's electrochemical laws in his laborious determination of equivalent weights.
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eng_Latn
| 9,385 |
The type of conservation-tillage management employed could impact surface-soil properties, which could subsequently affect relationships between soil and water quality, as well as with soil C sequestration and greenhouse gas emissions. We determined soil bulk density, organic C and N fractions, plant-available N, and extractable P on Typic Kanhapludults throughout a 7-year period, in which four long-term (>10 years), no-tillage (NT) water catchments (1.3–2.7 ha each) were divided into two treatments: (1) continuation of NT and (2) paraplowing (PP) in autumn (a form of non-inversion deep ripping) with NT planting. Both summer [cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.), maize (Zea mays L.), sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench), soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.)] and winter [wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), rye (Secale cereale L.), crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatum L.)] crops were NT planted throughout the study under each management system. Soil bulk density was reduced with PP compared with NT by as much as 0.15 Mg m � 3 , but the extent of reduction was inversely related to the time lag between PP operation and sampling event. Soil organic C became significantly enriched with time during this study under NT (0.49 Mg C ha � 1 year � 1 ), but not under PP, in which poultry litter was applied equivalent to 5.7 Mg ha � 1 year � 1 to all water catchments. Soil maintained a highly stratified depth distribution of organic C and N fractions and extractable P under both NT and PP. Inability to perform the PP operation in the last year of this study resulted in rapid convergence of soil bulk density between tillage systems, suggesting that PP had <1-year effectiveness on soil loosening. The high energy cost of PP (ca. 30 kW shank � 1 ) and the lack of sustained improvement in surface-soil properties put into question the value of PP for improving upon long-term NT management in sandy loam and sandy clay loam Ultisols of the Southern Piedmont USA, unless large effects on crop yield, water quality, or other ecosystem processes warrant its use. Published by Elsevier B.V.
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Tillage practices can redistribute the soil profiles, and thus affects soil organic carbon (SOC), and its storage. The stratification ratio (SR) can be an indicator of soil quality. This study was conducted to determine tillage effects on the profile distribution of certain soil properties in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and summer maize (Zea mays L.) systems in the North China Plain (NCP). Three tillage treatments, including no till (NT), rotary tillage (RT), and plow tillage (PT), were established in 2001 in Luancheng County, Hebei Province. The concentration, storage, and SR of SOC and soil total nitrogen (TN) were assessed in both the wheat and maize seasons. Compared with RT and PT, the mean SRs for all depth ratios of SOC under NT increased by 7.85% and 30.61% during the maize season, and by 14.67% and 30.91% during the wheat season, respectively. The SR of TN for 0–5:30–50 cm increased by 140%, 161%, and 161% in the maize season, and 266%, 154%, and 122% in the wheat season compared to the SR for 0–5:5–10 cm under NT, RT and PT, respectively. The data indicated that SOC and TN were both concentrated in the surface-soil layers (0–10 cm) under NT but were distributed relatively evenly through the soil profile under PT. Meanwhile, the storage of SOC and TN was higher under NT for the surface soil (0–10 cm) but was higher under PT for the deeper soil (30–50 cm). Furthermore, the storage of SOC and TN was significantly related to SR of SOC and TN along the whole soil profile (P<0.0001). Therefore, SR could be used to explain and indicate the changes in the storage of SOC and TN. Further, NT stratifies SOC and TN, enhances the topsoil SOC storage, and helps to improve SOC sequestration and soil quality.
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We prove that groups acting geometrically on delta-quasiconvex spaces contain no essential Baumslag-Solitar quotients as subgroups. This implies that they are translation discrete, meaning that the translation numbers of their nontorsion elements are bounded away from zero.
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eng_Latn
| 9,386 |
Effect of pesticides used in banana and pineapple plantations on aquatic ecosystems in Costa Rica
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Avian Exposure to Pesticides in Costa Rican Banana Plantations
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Evidence that Northern Pioneering Pines with Tuberculate Mycorrhizae are Unaffected by Varying Soil Nitrogen Levels
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eng_Latn
| 9,387 |
Bioenergy Production from Anaerobic Co-Digestion of Sewage Sludge and Abattoir Wastes
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Sewage Sludge as a Biomass Resource for the Production of Energy: Overview and Assessment of the Various Options†
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ANAEROBIC DIGESTION OF PIGGERY WASTES l\
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eng_Latn
| 9,388 |
Introduction Advanced Instrumentation for In Situ Field Monitoring of Soil Carbon Sequestration
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Working group 2 : monitoring and verification.
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Radar backscatter is not a 'direct measure' of forest biomass
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eng_Latn
| 9,389 |
Mycorrhizal Effects on Interspecific Plant Competition and Nitrogen Transfer in Legume-Grass Mixtures
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Biodiversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in agroecosystems
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Evidence that Northern Pioneering Pines with Tuberculate Mycorrhizae are Unaffected by Varying Soil Nitrogen Levels
|
eng_Latn
| 9,390 |
Effects of several microbial seedpiece treatments on emergence, yield, tuber defects, tuber size distribution, and specific gravity of Katahdin and Russet Burbank potatoes in Maine
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Response of selected soilborne fungi and bacteria to herbicides utilized in potato crop management systems in Maine
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Evidence that Northern Pioneering Pines with Tuberculate Mycorrhizae are Unaffected by Varying Soil Nitrogen Levels
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eng_Latn
| 9,391 |
Biodegradation of Petrol Using the Fungus Penicillium sp.
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Microbiological Diversity and BiotechnologicalPotential of the Soil Ecosystemof a High-Mountainous Landfill
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Phenolic compounds isolated from Pilea microphylla prevent radiation-induced cellular DNA damage
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eng_Latn
| 9,392 |
A simple method for quantifying the humic content of commercial products.
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Natural Organic Matter in Ecosystems - a Review
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Huanglongbing impairs the rhizosphere-to-rhizoplane enrichment process of the citrus root-associated microbiome
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eng_Latn
| 9,393 |
Decreasing rates of nonselective herbicides in double-crop no-till soybeans (Glycine max).
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Glyphosate Can Reduce Glyphosate-resistant Canola Growth After Individual or Sequential Applications1
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A complete evaluation of the antioxidant and antimicrobial potential of Glycine max
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eng_Latn
| 9,394 |
Effect of agricultural landscape characteristics on the hydrobiota structure in small water bodies
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Depth-area-volume and hydroperiod relationships of ephemeral (vernal) forest pools in southern New England
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High-speed running performance is largely unaffected by hypoxic reductions in aerobic power
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eng_Latn
| 9,395 |
Hydrogen Sulfide Affects the Root Development of Strawberry During Plug Transplant Production
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Hydrogen sulfide induces systemic tolerance to salinity and non-ionic osmotic stress in strawberry plants through modification of reactive species biosynthesis and transcriptional regulation of multiple defence pathways
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High-speed running performance is largely unaffected by hypoxic reductions in aerobic power
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eng_Latn
| 9,396 |
Ammonia Emissions from Non-Agricultural Sources
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Regional mass budgets of oxidized and reduced nitrogen and their relative contribution to the nitrogen inputs of sensitive ecosystems
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Rapid SO<sub>2</sub> emission reductions significantly increase tropospheric ammonia concentrations over the North China Plain
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eng_Latn
| 9,397 |
Mineralization of soil and legume nitrogen in soils treated with metal-contaminated sewage sludge
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Carbon and Nitrogen Mineralization Kinetics in Soil Previously Amended with Sewage Sludge
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Evidence that Northern Pioneering Pines with Tuberculate Mycorrhizae are Unaffected by Varying Soil Nitrogen Levels
|
eng_Latn
| 9,398 |
Canopy resistance modelling for crops in contrasting water conditions
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Evapotranspiration models for a maize agro-ecosystem in irrigated and rainfed conditions
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High-speed running performance is largely unaffected by hypoxic reductions in aerobic power
|
eng_Latn
| 9,399 |
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