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Hypoxic-Ischemic Injury in the Developing Brain: The Role of Reactive Oxygen Species Originating in Mitochondria
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Mitochondrial dysfunction is the most fundamental mechanism of cell damage in cerebral hypoxia-ischemia and reperfusion. Mitochondrial respiratory chain (MRC) is increasingly recognized as a source for reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the postischemic tissue. Potentially, ROS originating in MRC can contribute to the reperfusion-driven oxidative stress, promoting mitochondrial membrane permeabilization. The loss of mitochondrial membranes integrity during reperfusion is considered as the major mechanism of secondary energy failure. This paper focuses on current data that support a pathogenic role of ROS originating from mitochondrial respiratory chain in the promotion of secondary energy failure and proposes potential therapeutic strategy against reperfusion-driven oxidative stress following hypoxia-ischemia-reperfusion injury of the developing brain.
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ABSTRACTMany surface soils in Japan may experience more frequent and intense drying–rewetting (DRW) events due to future climate changes. Such DRW events negatively and positively affect microbial biomass carbon (MBC) through microbial stress and substrate supply mechanisms, respectively. To assess the MBC immediately after DRW and during the incubation with repeated DRW cycles, two laboratory experiments were conducted for a paddy soil. In the first experiment, we exposed the soil to different drying treatments and examined the MBC and hourly respiration rates immediately after the rewetting to evaluate the microbial stress. In the second experiment, we compared microbial growth rates during the incubation of the partially sterilized soil with a continuously moist condition and repeated DRW cycles to evaluate the contribution of the substrate supply from non-biomass soil organic C on MBC. First, all drying treatments caused a reduction in MBC immediately after the rewetting, and higher drying intensities...
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eng_Latn
| 9,700 |
Bioceramic in dental implants: A review
|
Biomaterials are non-drug substance suitable for inclusion in system which augment or replace the function of bodily tissue or organ. Orthopedic and dental applications represent approximately 55% of the total biomaterials market. Changes in biologic responses and device design have been the direct result of advances in material science. Bioceramics fulfill a unique function as biomedical materials. Bioceramics are non-toxic and bioinert, bioactive or bioresorbable. Bioceramics continue to be vital for bone repair and uncemented implant fixation with recent advances in its composition and coating technology.
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Crops may require Si fertilization to sustain yields. Potential Si fertilizers include industrial byproducts (e.g., steel slags), mined minerals (CaSiO3), fused Ca-Mg-phosphates, biochar, ash, diatomaceous earth, and municipal sewage sludge. To date, no extraction method was shown to accurately predict plant availability of Si from such chemically diverse Si fertilizers. We tested a wide range of products in greenhouse experiments and related the plant Si content to Si extracted by several common Si fertilizer tests: 5-day extraction in Na2CO3-NH4NO3, 0.5 mol L–1 HCl, and Resin extraction. In addition, we tested a novel sink extraction approach for Si(OH)40 that utilizes a dialysis membrane filled with ferrihydrite (“Iron Bag”). Wheat straw biochars and ash exhibited equivalent or marginally higher Si solubility and availability compared to wheat straw. Thermo-chemically treated municipal sewage sludge, as well as diatomaceous earth, did not release substantial amounts of Si. The Resin and the Iron Bag ex...
|
yue_Hant
| 9,701 |
Technical Retrofit and Energy-saving Effect on Automatic Control System for High-pressure Feed-and Back-water Circulation
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In order to improve operation characteristics of control system for high-pressure feed-and back-water circulation so as to achieve energy-saving purpose,a self-driven multifunctional circumference valve has been developed.Integrating 4 control functions such as the flux induction,backflow prevention,by-pass control and multi-stage pressure reduction,the valve makes previously complicated by-pass system reasonably simplified and the jump adjustment gentled,which helps to keep normal operation of relevant pumps and therefore achieve purposes of energy-saving and safety operation.Analysis results and application practice prove the valve to be satisfactory in reaching various technical and economical indexes.
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The study of closed ecological systems (CES) has wide implications for study of ecological interactions both on earth and in space. Our design problem was to create closed ecological systems that were able to support animal grazer populations for greater than thirty days. CES were developed for freshwater and marine systems, in 75 mL Tissue culture flasks. Systems were studied under various influences, such as different light levels, and after the introduction nutrients into the systems. Results from saltwater systems observed under varying light levels suggest that six hours of light per day was adequate and longer light periods were not beneficial. Results from the nutrient introduction experiment indicate that nitrogen was a limiting factor in the health and survival of Daphnia in freshwater CES, but phosphorus was not.
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eng_Latn
| 9,702 |
Dynamic parameter estimation problem for ethanol production from seaweed
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Fil: Delpino, Claudio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Centro Cientifico Tecnologico Conicet - Bahia Blanca. Planta Piloto de Ingenieria Quimica. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Planta Piloto de Ingenieria Quimica; Argentina
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Refractory organic pollutants are wastewaters main pollutants in Tianjin TEDA modern industrial park. For clearing up refractory organic pollutants, we must improve the biological process of the sewage treatment plant. This paper focuses on how to use bioaugmentation technology to process the refractory organic pollutants which comes from wastewater of the district. The paper will record data and complete analysis of treatment effect for improving the biological process of sewage treatment plant and make advices.
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eng_Latn
| 9,703 |
Dimethylbenzanthracene-induced mammary tumors in rats: inhibition by DDT.
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Abstract Pretreatment of female Sprague-Dawley rats with p,p′-DDT significantly reduces their subsequent liability to mammary tumor induction by dimethylbenzanthracene (DMBA). Tumorigenesis is inhibited by doses as low as 10 parts per million DDT in the diet; inhibition appears to be due to DDT's ability to stimulate hepatic metabolism of DMBA, thus reducing the dose of carcinogen reaching mammary tissue.
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ABSTRACTMany surface soils in Japan may experience more frequent and intense drying–rewetting (DRW) events due to future climate changes. Such DRW events negatively and positively affect microbial biomass carbon (MBC) through microbial stress and substrate supply mechanisms, respectively. To assess the MBC immediately after DRW and during the incubation with repeated DRW cycles, two laboratory experiments were conducted for a paddy soil. In the first experiment, we exposed the soil to different drying treatments and examined the MBC and hourly respiration rates immediately after the rewetting to evaluate the microbial stress. In the second experiment, we compared microbial growth rates during the incubation of the partially sterilized soil with a continuously moist condition and repeated DRW cycles to evaluate the contribution of the substrate supply from non-biomass soil organic C on MBC. First, all drying treatments caused a reduction in MBC immediately after the rewetting, and higher drying intensities...
|
eng_Latn
| 9,704 |
ROLE OF THE GILLS | Morphology of Branchial Ionocytes
|
Ion and/or acid–base regulation in all fishes from agnathans to teleosts is accomplished in large part by specialized cells in the gill epithelium called ‘branchial ionocytes’. Morphological investigations indicate that the mitochondrion-rich cell (MRC) with its large basolateral membrane and apical tubulovesicular system performs these functions in most fishes. Subtypes of MRC have been described, which use a variety of ion transport pathways. The pavement cells (PVCs), although lacking many of the attributes of MRC, contribute to ion transport by their sheer number; they account for 90% of the cells in the branchial epithelium.
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ABSTRACTMany surface soils in Japan may experience more frequent and intense drying–rewetting (DRW) events due to future climate changes. Such DRW events negatively and positively affect microbial biomass carbon (MBC) through microbial stress and substrate supply mechanisms, respectively. To assess the MBC immediately after DRW and during the incubation with repeated DRW cycles, two laboratory experiments were conducted for a paddy soil. In the first experiment, we exposed the soil to different drying treatments and examined the MBC and hourly respiration rates immediately after the rewetting to evaluate the microbial stress. In the second experiment, we compared microbial growth rates during the incubation of the partially sterilized soil with a continuously moist condition and repeated DRW cycles to evaluate the contribution of the substrate supply from non-biomass soil organic C on MBC. First, all drying treatments caused a reduction in MBC immediately after the rewetting, and higher drying intensities...
|
kor_Hang
| 9,705 |
Control of Postharvest Botrytis Fruit Rot with Preharvest Fungicide Applications in Annual Strawberry
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ABSTRACT The control of postharvest Botrytis fruit rot was evaluated during 1997-98 and 1998-99. Weekly applications of captan and thiram were examined at two or three different rates, respectively. Iprodione applications were combined with the captan and thiram treatments and also applied alone for two peak bloom periods. Strawberry fruit were harvested and graded twice weekly for marketable yield and preharvest incidence of Botrytis fruit rot. For postharvest evaluations, fruit from four harvests were selected and stored at 4°C, and Botrytis fruit rot incidence was recorded over 14 days of storage. Fungicide treatments reduced the incidence of preharvest Botrytis fruit rot and increased marketable yield. The incidence of postharvest Botrytis fruit rot was significantly affected by harvest date, length of time in storage, and fungicide treatment. The highest rate captan and thiram treatments had the least Botrytis fruit rot and the longest storage life. Reduced-rate captan and thiram treatments generally...
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Phyllostachys heterocycls cv.pubescens forest is an important forest resource in south China.The result of balanced fertilization in the intensively bred Phyllostachys heterocycls cv.pubescens plantations showed that the balanced fertilization could significantly increase the DBH of the plants,improve the quality of bamboo shoot and consequently increase the economic incomes.It was indicated by analyses of net income of the intensively bred bamboo plantation that N_2P_1K_2 was the best fertilizer combination,which could yield the greatest economic benefits.It was demonstrated that the balanced fertilization could not only avoid environmental pollution,save fertilizers but also increase the productivity of Phyllostachys heterocycls cv.pubescens plantation and the economic benefits of the cultivation.So the balanced fertilization was one of the approaches to ensure economic and ecological benefits of intensively bred Phyllostachys heterocycls cv.pubescens plantation in south China.
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eng_Latn
| 9,706 |
Use of Sorghum and Pearl Millet Flours in Cookies
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Cookies made from grain sorghum or millet flour did not spread during baking, had a poor top grain character, and were dense and compact. In addition, they were mealy and gritty. Interchanging the lipid between wheat and sorghum flours showed that wheat lipids had components, missing in sorghum-flour lipids, which greatly improved the cookies' top grain. The use of unrefined soy lecithin (0.6%) improved top grain even more than did wheat lipids. When grain sorghum or millet flours were hydrated with water, dried, and supplemented with 0.6% unrefined soy lecithin, they produced cookies with spread characteristics equal to those of soft wheat flour. The grittiness of millet or sorghum cookies was reduced by increasing the pH of the cookie dough. The texture (fragility) of cookies containing part soft wheat flour was much better than the texture of those made from 100% sorghum or millet flour.
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Rainwater is not readily available to sandy loam Ghanaian ferric lixisols. In an attempt ::: to increase water availability to Nyankpala ferric lixisols, their impervious iron pan was broken. ::: Average yield (number of bags) of maize from ferric lexisol with ironpan broken was compared ::: with that with iron pan unbroken. At an average annual rainfall of 64.125 to 106.775 mm for ::: Nyampkala, ferric lexisol with or without iron pan broken yielded similar quantity (20-25bgs/ha) of ::: maize. Breaking of ironpan alone cannot increase water availability to Nyankpala ferric lixisols. ::: Measures other than the breaking of iron pan are needed to increase water availability to ::: ferreiclesisols and similar soils. Research into sustainable technologies such as permanent ::: amendments for increased soil water availability to ferric lixisol and similar soils is required
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eng_Latn
| 9,707 |
Plant seedlings culturing non-woven fabric nutrition cup cutting method
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The invention relates to a plant seedlings culturing non-woven fabric nutrition cup cutting method which comprises the step: selecting and preparing a land for tree nursery; setting up an awning; laying out a cutting table; cutting a nutrition cup; placing the nutrition cup; carrying out fixed planting on nursery stocks. The nutrition cup cut by the method is neat and uniform to place, is beneficial for planting the nursery stocks and is convenient to manage; the cultured nursery stocks have high quality; working efficiency is improved; cost of culturing seedlings is saved; the nursery stock come-out rate is improved; the survival rate of afforestation is high.
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SummaryWhen mat weight and nitrogen in the mat is considered as a criteria of growth, the efficiency of carbon sources is of the same order irrespective of the nature of the nitrogen source in the medium. Fusaria utilize nitrate nitrogen, ammonia nitrogen in the presence of various carbon sources. That nitrogen, metabolism is a function of carbon source is brought out by the different rates of growth and their nitrogen accumulation in the mycelium.
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eng_Latn
| 9,708 |
Aamisepa Varajane is a variety of which vegetable?
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potato | Agronomy Research The effect of fertilizer and growing season on tuber dry matter and nitrate content in potato R. Simson¹*, L. Tartlan², E. Nugis¹ and V. Eremeev³ ¹Estonian Crop Research Institute, Department of Plant Biotechnology, Aamisepa 1, EE48309 Jõgeva, Estonia ²Estonian Research Institute of Agriculture, Department of Plant Sciences, Teaduse 13, 75501 Saku, Estonia ³Estonian University of Life Sciences, Department of Field Crop and Grassland Husbandry, Kreutzwaldi 1, EE51014 Tartu, Estonia *Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: Field trials with two potato varieties were undertaken at the Estonian Research Institute of Agriculture in 2005 and 2006. Year 2005 was generally optimal for potato growth but year 2006 was dry and very warm, hence, it was adverse for growth. The effect of fertilizing on two main traits of potato, i. e. tuber dry matter (DM) and nitrate content was examined. Five rates of compound fertilizer were applied, N50P20K85, N70P28K119, N90P36K153, N110P44K187 and N130P52K221. Results indicated that DM content was largely determined by variety but it also depended on fertilizer amounts and particular environmental conditions of a year. Nitrate content of tubers was quite clearly dependent upon variety, but growing season had significant effect on final nitrate content in tubers. Water stress during early and main bulking periods resulted in high tuber nitrate levels. In order to gain tuber yield fit for intended use, it is necessary to manage nutrient acquisition based on expected yield and nutrient supply from soils. Key words: Anaerobic digestion of vegetables processing wastes with catalyst metaferm V. Dubrovskis* and I. Plume Latvia University of Agriculture, Faculty of Engineering, Institute of Agriculture Energetics, 5, Cakstesblvd, LV3001 Jelgava, Latvia *Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: There are 54 active biogas plants in Latvia today. It is necessary to investigate the suitability of various biomasses for energy production. Maize is the dominating crop for biogas production in Latvia. The cultivation of more varied crops with good economical characteristics and a low environmental impact is thus desirable. One of the ways for improving biogas yield in Latvian conditions is using biological catalysts. This paper explores the results of the anaerobic digestion of vegetables’ processing wastes using the new biological catalyst Metaferm. The digestion process was investigated in view of biogas production in sixteen 0.7 l digesters operated in batch mode at the temperature of 38 ± 1.0 °C. The average methane yield per unit of dry organic matter added (DOM) from the digestion of onions was 0.433 l g–1DOM; with 1 ml ofMetaferm: 0.396 l g–1–1DOM, and with 2 ml of Metaferm: 0.394 l gDOM . The average methane yieldfrom the digestion of carrots was 0.325 l g–1–1DOM; with 1 ml of Metaferm: 0.498 l gDOM , and with2 ml of Metaferm: 0.426 l g–1DOM. The average additional methane yield per unit of dry organicmatter from the digestion of 50%:50% mixed onions and carrots was 0.382 l g–1DOMwith 2 mlof Metaferm. The average additional methane yield per unit of dry organic matter from the digestion of cabbage leftovers was 0.325 l g–1–1DOM; with 1 ml of Metaferm: 0.375 l gDOM , andwith 2 ml of Metaferm: 0.415 l g–1DOM. The average additional methane yield per unit of dryorganic matter from the digestion of potato cuttings was 0.570 l g–1DOM; with 1 ml ofMetaferm: 0.551 l g–1–1DOM, and with 2 ml of Metaferm:0.667 l gDOM . The average additionalmethane yield per unit of dry organic matter from the digestion of 50%:50% mixed cabbages and potatoes was 0.613 l g–1DOMwith 2 ml of Metaferm. All investigated vegetable wastes canbe successfully cultivated for energy production under agro-ecological conditions in Latvia. Adding the catalyst Metaferm increased methane yield, except for onions. Key words: Full text PDF (356 kB) Resource assessment for potato biorefinery: Side stream potential in Northern Ostroboth
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WHAT type of musical instrument is a goombay? a) Guitar b) Piano c) Drum. - Chronicle Live WHAT type of musical instrument is a goombay? a) Guitar b) Piano c) Drum. WHAT is the US state capital of Vermont? a) Montpelier b) Gary c) San Jose. Share Get daily updates directly to your inbox + Subscribe Could not subscribe, try again laterInvalid Email WHAT is the US state capital of Vermont? a) Montpelier b) Gary c) San Jose. BLEPHARITIS is the medical term for the inflammation of which part of the body? a) Eyelid b) Finger c) Tongue. WHICH Westerner discovered the Victoria Falls in 1855? a) Christopher Columbus b) David Livingstone c) The Wright Brothers. THE 2003 film Lost in Translation is set in which city? a) New York b) London c) Tokyo. AILUROPHOBIA is a fear of what? a) Dogs b) Sheep c) Cats. GLEN MOY and Autumn Bliss are varieties of which fruit? a) Strawberry b) Raspberry c) Cherry. WHICH British singer’s real name is Thomas Woodward? a) Tom Jones b) Elton John c) Cliff Richard. WHICH English Queen was executed on May 19, 1536? a) Catherine of Aragon b) Jane Seymour c) Anne Boleyn. THE Taj Mahal is situated on the bank of which Indian river? a) Ganges b) Yamuna c) Tiber. ANSWERS: 1c, 2a, 3a, 4b, 5c, 6c, 7b, 8a, 9c, 10b. Like us on Facebook Most Read Most Recent Most Read Most Recent
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eng_Latn
| 9,709 |
Besides methane, what else can be used to produce synthesis gas?
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This reaction is favored at low pressures but is nonetheless conducted at high pressures (2.0 MPa, 20 atm or 600 inHg). This is because high-pressure H 2 is the most marketable product and Pressure Swing Adsorption (PSA) purification systems work better at higher pressures. The product mixture is known as "synthesis gas" because it is often used directly for the production of methanol and related compounds. Hydrocarbons other than methane can be used to produce synthesis gas with varying product ratios. One of the many complications to this highly optimized technology is the formation of coke or carbon:
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Some evidence shows that alternatives to pesticides can be equally effective as the use of chemicals. For example, Sweden has halved its use of pesticides with hardly any reduction in crops.[unreliable source?] In Indonesia, farmers have reduced pesticide use on rice fields by 65% and experienced a 15% crop increase.[unreliable source?] A study of Maize fields in northern Florida found that the application of composted yard waste with high carbon to nitrogen ratio to agricultural fields was highly effective at reducing the population of plant-parasitic nematodes and increasing crop yield, with yield increases ranging from 10% to 212%; the observed effects were long-term, often not appearing until the third season of the study.
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eng_Latn
| 9,710 |
Flux-Weakening Control of Electric Starter–Generator Based on Permanent-Magnet Machine
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More Electric Aircraft: Review, Challenges, and Opportunities for Commercial Transport Aircraft
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Biodegradation of the Alkaline Cellulose Degradation Products Generated during Radioactive Waste Disposal
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eng_Latn
| 9,711 |
Comparison of rhizobacterial community composition in soil suppressive or conducive to tobacco black root rot disease
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Phosphate solubilizing bacteria and their role in plant growth promotion
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Betweenness Centrality as a Driver of Preferential Attachment in the Evolution of Research Collaboration Networks
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eng_Latn
| 9,712 |
Physico-chemical pretreatment and fungal biotreatment for park wastes and cattle dung for biogas production
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Anaerobic co-digestion of food waste and piggery wastewater: focusing on the role of trace elements.
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Dilute acid pretreatment of rye straw and bermudagrass for ethanol production.
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eng_Latn
| 9,713 |
Mycorrhizal Fungi: Use in Sustainable Agriculture and Land Restoration
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Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in alleviation of salt stress : a review
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Differentially Private Stochastic Gradient Descent for in-RDBMS Analytics
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eng_Latn
| 9,714 |
The role of mycorrhizae and plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) in improving crop productivity under stressful environments.
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Microbial interactions in the mycorrhizosphere and their significance for sustainable agriculture.
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Exploring large graphs in 3d hyperbolic space
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eng_Latn
| 9,715 |
Comparison of rhizobacterial community composition in soil suppressive or conducive to tobacco black root rot disease
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Phosphate solubilizing bacteria and their role in plant growth promotion
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Diced Cartilage Versus Solid Grafts in Rhinoplasty
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eng_Latn
| 9,716 |
Physico-chemical pretreatment and fungal biotreatment for park wastes and cattle dung for biogas production
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Pretreatment of Lignocellulosic Wastes to Improve Ethanol and Biogas Production: A Review
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Faster gaze prediction with dense networks and Fisher pruning
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eng_Latn
| 9,717 |
is peat moss sustainable
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Supplier of high quality Baltic sphagnum peat moss soil and substrates. We provide the best material for horticultural companies, gardeners, landscapers, hobby sector, etc.Also we are supplying peat moss for sustainable energy production purposes: heat and electricity generation.The climatic and geologic conditions in the Baltic States are favourable for the processes of peat creation, thus procuring the region with vast resources of high quality peat.upplier of high quality Baltic sphagnum peat moss soil and substrates. We provide the best material for horticultural companies, gardeners, landscapers, hobby sector, etc.
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In the vegetable garden, peat moss can moderate extremes in soil dryness and wetness. This is particularly important when growing juicy-fruited plants with tender skins, such as tomatoes, strawberries and blueberries.
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eng_Latn
| 9,718 |
what is agrotain
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Agrotain is a liquid urease inhibitor that can be impregnated onto dry urea or tank mixed with liquid fertilizer that contains urea such as urea-ammonium nitrate (UAN).The active ingredient is N-(n-butyl) thiophosphoric triamide (NBPT). Agrotain Plus is a dry concentrate nitrogen stabilizer.It contains the urease inhibitor NBPT and dicyandiamide, a nitrogen stabilizer. When added to UAN, it minimizes volatilization, denitrification, and leaching of nitrogen for the urea portion of UAN.hat's where the urease inhibitor Agrotain comes in. Agrotain stops the activity of the urease enzyme for up to 14 days. If the urea is incorporated by tillage, rain, or irrigation during that period, losses should be minimal. Agrotain typically costs $50 to $55 per gallon.
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The AgustaWestland AW609, formerly the Bell/Agusta BA609, is a twin-engined tiltrotor VTOL aircraft with a configuration similar to the Bell Boeing V-22 Osprey. It is capable of landing vertically like a helicopter while having a range and speed in excess of conventional rotorcraft. The AW609 is aimed at the civil aviation market, in particular VIP customers and offshore oil and gas operators.
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eng_Latn
| 9,719 |
what is peat moss
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Peat moss is partially decomposed sphagnum moss plants, which are harvested from peat bogs. While peat moss is brown, like soil, it has a different texture and weight: it's light and spongy and crumbles into tiny splinters. It is difficult to wet, but once wet it retains water like a sponge, meaning it reduces drainage of water from soil.
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Peat moss is a common horticultural soil additive, whose unique properties come from the specific conditions under which it is grown. With careful use, it can be a valuable addition to any gardener's growing arsenal.
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eng_Latn
| 9,720 |
can urea be used on organic vegetables
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Urea is widely used in fertilizers as a source of nitrogen and is an important raw material for the chemical industry. Friedrich Wöhler's discovery in 1828 that urea can be produced from inorganic starting materials was an important conceptual milestone in chemistry.
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Nitrogen from urea can be lost to the atmosphere if fertilizer urea remains on the soil surface for extended periods of time during warm weather. The key to the most efficient use of urea is to incorporate it into the soil during a tillage operation. Urea can be applied to soil as a solid or solution or to certain crops as a foliar spray. 2 Urea usage involves little or no fire or explosion hazard. 3 Urea's high analysis, 46% N, helps reduce handling, storage and transportation costs over other dry N forms.
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eng_Latn
| 9,721 |
what is the best fertilizer for pine shrubs
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According to University of Minnesota, pine trees should be given a complete fertilizer with nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. The nitrogen content should be slightly higher than phosphorus and potassium levels; 10-8-6 is generally recommended for pine trees and shrubs.The first number in the analysis is nitrogen, the second is phosphorus and the last number is potassium.owever, general directions for manure are to spread it on the soil around the pine moving outward to the treeâs drip line. Incorporate the manure into the soil with a garden fork and dampen the area with a water hose.
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Feed your crape myrtle a fertilizer heavy in nitrogen in spring. The nutrient is known to encourage growth. A six-year U.S. Forest Service study of eucalyptus-tree growth in Hawaii found that trees fed with nitrogen fertilizer were more than twice as tall as untreated trees during the first three years of growth.
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eng_Latn
| 9,722 |
what is a good water soluble fertalizer for deciduous?
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Time release versus water soluble fertilizers. Whether you use time release or water soluble fertilizer for flowers, vegetables, trees or shrubs is a matter of personal preference and what you are willing to pay.A 3-pound container of Osmocote four-month time release for flowers and vegetables costs about $12 (Lowes) and covers about 120 square feet.ime release fertilizers may be in loose granular form or as a spike that is inserted into the ground. Each form gradually disintegrates, releasing nutrients with rain water.
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Lime isn't fertilizer in the true sense. What it does is help balance the soil pH to the degree of alkalinity (non-acidicness) that clematis need, which allows the clematis to suck up more of whatever mineral nutrients are already in the soil.
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eng_Latn
| 9,723 |
why do plants need nitrogen
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Plants and animals need nitrogen in order to make proteins. Proteins are essential compounds for healthy growth and fully functioning organisms. However, nitrogen is often in short supply to plants in both natural and agricultural systems. If nitrogen supply limits the growth of plants then the animals which feed on the plants will also suffer.
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In the case of nitrogen, the recycling of nitrogen from dead to living plants is often the only source of nitrogen in the soil. To make plants grow faster, what you need to do is supply the elements that the plants need in readily available forms. That is the goal of fertilizer.Most fertilizers supply just nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium because the other chemicals are needed in much lower quantities and are generally available in most soils. Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium availability is the big limit to growth.ithout nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, the plant simply cannot grow because it cannot make the pieces it needs. It's like a car factory running out of steel or a road crew running out of asphalt. If any of the macronutrients are missing or hard to obtain from the soil, this will limit the growth rate for the plant.
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eng_Latn
| 9,724 |
how is peat formed
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Peat forms when plant material, usually in marshy areas, is inhibited from decaying fully by acidic and anaerobic conditions. It is composed mainly of marshland vegetation: trees, grasses, fungi, as well as other types of organic remains, such as insects, and animal remains.
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Peat formed in very wet conditions accumulates faster, and is less decomposed, than that in drier places. This allows climatologists to use peat as an indicator of climatic change. The composition of peat can also be used to reconstruct ancient ecologies by examining the types and quantities of its organic constituents.
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eng_Latn
| 9,725 |
what is used by living organisms to produce a number of organic molecules like amino acids, proteins, and nucleic acids.
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Ecological Cycles. Nitrogen, Carbon-Oxygen, Phosphorus, Sulfur. The Nitrogen cycle The Nitrogen Cycle Nitrogen is used by living organisms to produce a number of complex organic molecules like amino acids, proteins, and nucleic acids. 78% of the worldâs atmosphere is nitrogen Despite its abundance in the atmosphere, nitrogen is often the most limiting nutrient for plant growth.
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All organisms use the ammonia (NH3) form of nitrogen to manufacture amino acids, proteins, nucleic acids, and other nitrogen-containing components necessary for life. Biological nitrogen fixation is the process that changes inert N2 into biologically useful NH3. This process is mediated in nature only by N-fixing rhizobia bacteria (Rhizobiaceae, α-Proteobacteria) (Sørensen and Sessitsch, 2007).
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eng_Latn
| 9,726 |
which sources can pollute groundwater
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American Associates, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev. (2014, February 18). Organic agriculture can pollute groundwater, research shows. FULL STORY. Researchers from Ben-Gurion University of the Negev (BGU), using specialized monitoring technology, have determined that intensive organic agriculture can cause significant pollution from nitrate leaching into groundwater.
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Arsenic contamination of groundwater is a form of groundwater pollution which is often due to naturally occurring high concentrations of arsenic in deeper levels of groundwater. It is a high-profile problem due to the use of deep tubewells for water supply in the Ganges Delta, causing serious arsenic poisoning to large numbers of people.
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eng_Latn
| 9,727 |
how atrazine reduces soil erosion
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Atrazine is the most widely-used conservation tillage herbicide in corn and is a critical rotation product to manage weed resistance. Conservation tillage makes cropland much less vulnerable to soil erosion, which is reduced by as much as 90 percent when compared to intensive tillage.
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Atrazine biodegradation can occur by two known pathways: 1 Hydrolysis of the C-Cl bond is followed by the ethyl and isopropyl groups, catalyzed by the hydrolase enzymes called AtzA, AtzB, and AtzC. 2 Dealkylation of the amino groups gives 2-chloro-4-hydroxy-6-amino-1,3,5-triazine, the degradation of which is unknown.
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eng_Latn
| 9,728 |
effect of solar radiation on soil nutrients pdf
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The effect of total solar. radiation on nutrient concentration (mean values for 11 chrysanthemum cultivars) is. summarized in Figs 2â9. The increase of radiation (in MJ m-2) caused decreased. concentration of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, cuprum and. boron in chrysanthemum leaves.
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Seman-Varner et al. (2008) measured nutrient concentration in the soil and plant tissue of an okra crop following different durations of solarization. While soil potassium (K) and manganese (Mn) were higher following solarization, Copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) were lower. In addition, soil pH was slightly decreased by solarization. Soil phosphorus (P), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), and iron (Fe) were not affected by solarization.
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eng_Latn
| 9,729 |
what soil fertility management technologies
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Integrated Soil Fertility Management (ISFM) technologies have proven to be viable options for improving land productivity and increasing yield. However, adoption of the set of complementary technologies that are required in ISFM is quite variable and studies of adoption focus on single technologies.
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See Chapter 3, âwater-soil systemâ. For most water harvesting systems soil fertility must be improved, or. at least maintained, in order to be productive and sustainable. The im-. proved water availability and higher yields derived from water har-. vesting lead to a greater exploitation of soil nutrients.
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eng_Latn
| 9,730 |
nitrogen burn what to do
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To avoid problems with nitrogen burn in the future, use only slow-release fertilizers, spread the fertilizer uniformly over the lawn, do not spill or overlap the fertilizer and apply no more than 1 1/2 pounds of nitrogen per 1000 square feet of lawn with each application.
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Denitrification is the process that converts nitrate to nitrogen gas, thus removing bioavailable nitrogen and returning it to the atmosphere. Dinitrogen gas (N 2) is the ultimate end product of denitrification, but other intermediate gaseous forms of nitrogen exist (Figure 7).
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eng_Latn
| 9,731 |
define cultural eutrophication
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Cultural eutrophication is the process that speeds up natural eutrophication because of human activity. Due to clearing of land and building of towns and cities, land runoff is accelerated and more nutrients such as phosphates and nitrate are supplied to lakes and rivers, and then to coastal estuaries and bays.
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It is the process of addition, flow and accumulation of nutrients to water bodies resulting in changes to the primary production and species composition of the community. Cultural eutrophication is the process that speeds up natural eutrophication because of human activity.There are three main sources of anthropogenic nutrient input: erosion and leaching from fertilized agricultural areas, and sewage from cities and industrial waste water.t is the process of addition, flow and accumulation of nutrients to water bodies resulting in changes to the primary production and species composition of the community. Cultural eutrophication is the process that speeds up natural eutrophication because of human activity.
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eng_Latn
| 9,732 |
when do you apply fungicide to soybeans
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âWhen you get soybeans up 36 in. or taller at a seeding rate of 120,000-140,000 seeds/acre and you get August rains and humidity that follows, those soybean plants are highly susceptible to disease. Under those conditions is when I think fungicides really help on soybeans,â Moore says.
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Fungicides for soybeans. The registration of fungicides for use in growing soybeans has gained momentum since the first case of Asian soybean rust was found in the U.S. during the fall of 2004.
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eng_Latn
| 9,733 |
westbridge agricultural products
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Profile: Westbridge Agricultural Products develops and manufactures environmentally safe products for agriculture, turf, lawn & garden. We offer a line of odor control and bioremediation products for agriculture, industrial & municipal wastes using the same sound scientific methods & an overall bio-rational focus.
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Profile: Westbridge Agricultural Products develops and manufactures environmentally safe products for agriculture, turf, lawn & garden. We offer a line of odor control and bioremediation products for agriculture, industrial & municipal wastes using the same sound scientific methods & an overall bio-rational focus.
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eng_Latn
| 9,734 |
what plant is known as a nitrogen fixing plant?
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Category:Nitrogen-fixing crops. Plants that contribute to nitrogen fixation include the legume family â Fabaceae â with taxa such as clover, soybeans, alfalfa, lupins, peanuts, and rooibos. They contain symbiotic bacteria called Rhizobia within nodules in their root systems, producing nitrogen compounds that help the plant to grow and compete with other plants.
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Paenibacillus polymyxa, also known as Bacillus polymyxa, is a Gram-positive bacterium capable of fixing nitrogen. It is found in soil, plant roots, and marine sediments. History of P. polymyxa and its role as a biofertilizer and biocontrol agent in agriculture was extensively reviewed by Padda et al. (2017).
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eng_Latn
| 9,735 |
where do you find nitrogen fixing bacteria
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Nitrogen fixing bacteria are nature's main method of changing nitrogen to plant available forms. It occurs underground in a very friendly symbiotic relationship of legume plant with Rhizobium types of bacteria. So Nature's nitrogen factory could look something like this lupine field in Glacier National Park.
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The other nitrogen fixing agents are found in the roots of leguminous plants such as beans, peas and clover. The roots of these plants have nodules which contain the bacteria that convert the atmospheric nitrogen into compounds which plants can use.mmonia is one of the more common modified forms of nitrogen that plants absorb from the soil. The process by which atmospheric nitrogen is converted into compounds such as ammonia that plants can readily use is known as nitrogen fixation.
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eng_Latn
| 9,736 |
what is the nutrient agar
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Nutrient agar is a general-purpose, nutrient medium used for the cultivation of microbes. It is frequently used for isolation and purification of cultures. As we are using it here, it can also be used as a means for producing the bacterial lawns needed for antibiotic sensitivity tests.utrient agar consists of heat-stable digestive products of proteins (called peptones) and beef extract. Both of these provide amino acids, minerals, and other nutrients used by a wide variety of bacteria for growth.
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In semi-solid form, agar slopes or agar butts, the medium is used to maintain control organisms 1. Nutrient Agar is suitable for teaching and demonstration purposes. It contains a concentration of 1.5% agar to permit the addition of up to 10% blood or other biological fluid, as required.escription Nutrient Agar is a basic culture medium used to subculture organisms for maintenance purposes or to check the purity of subcultures from isolation plates prior to biochemical or serological tests.
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eng_Latn
| 9,737 |
what causes eutrophication
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Causes of eutrophication. The main causes of eutrophication are. 1 natural run-off of nutrients from the soil and the weathering of rocks. 2 run-off of inorganic fertiliser (containing nitrates and phosphates).3 run-off of manure from farms (containing nitrates, phosphates and ammonia).he main causes of eutrophication are. 1 natural run-off of nutrients from the soil and the weathering of rocks. 2 run-off of inorganic fertiliser (containing nitrates and phosphates).
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Consequently, lakes are particularly susceptible to pollution such as artificial eutrophication. The main causes of eutrophication are. 1 natural run-off of nutrients from the soil and the weathering of rocks. 2 run-off of inorganic fertiliser (containing nitrates and phosphates).3 run-off of manure from farms (containing nitrates, phosphates and ammonia).lthough eutrophication is a natural process in the aging of lakes and some estuaries, human activities can greatly accelerate eutrophication by increasing the rate at which nutrients and organic substances enter aquatic ecosystems from their surrounding watersheds.
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eng_Latn
| 9,738 |
what is peat used for
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Peat is a type of organic mulch that is commonly used for the triune purpose of fertilizing, retaining moisture, and prohibiting weed growth in a flower bed or garden. It can be laid down on top of the bed or mixed into the soil. It can also be used in potted plants.
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Peat Moss Uses. Gardeners use peat moss mainly as a soil amendment or ingredient in potting soil. It has an acid pH, so itâs ideal for acid loving plants, such as blueberries and camellias.
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eng_Latn
| 9,739 |
Sandia National Laboratories California Waste Management Program Annual Report April 2011
|
The annual program report provides detailed information about all aspects of the Sandia National Laboratories, California (SNL/CA) Waste Management Program. It functions as supporting documentation to the SNL/CA Environmental Management System Program Manual. This annual program report describes the activities undertaken during the past year, and activities planned in future years to implement the Waste Management (WM) Program, one of six programs that supports environmental management at SNL/CA.
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The authors gratefully acknowledge the Australian Research ::: Council for financial support and Swinburne University ::: of Technology for Strategic Initiative funding. One of ::: the authors X.W. acknowledges partial financial support of ::: the Chinese National Natural Science Foundation ::: 10364004 and the Yunnan Natural Science Foundation ::: 2003E0013M.
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eng_Latn
| 9,740 |
Effect of Mulching with Garden Waste on Soil Properties of Landscape
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In order to understand the effect of garden waste on the landscape application,after maturity covering in garden soil with 3,6and 9cm thick,and a certain time,the effects of landscape mulching of different thickness treatments on soil physical and chemical properties were studied.The results showed that in the upper layer(0～20cm) soil bulk density were reduced,the soil moisture,permeability were increased significantly with mulch of three straw composts.After one year ’ s mulching the soil organic matter and nutrients increased significantly.The soil pH increased significantly with mulch of 6and 9cm.
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This work was done in order to identify the preference of the compost earthworm Eisenia andrei for six feedstocks: cattle manure, straw debris used for th...
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eng_Latn
| 9,741 |
The role of soil fumigation under conditions of intensive agriculture
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Abstract The establishment of Verticillium dahliae Kleb, a soil pathogen with a wide host range, in the southern part of Israel, an area in which due to intensive agriculture, crop rotation can hardly be applied had serious effects on the vegetable production in this region. To combat the pathogen soil fumigation with methyl bromide, the methylbromide-chloropicrin mixture and a combination of ethylene dibromide + chloropicrin was applied.
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This paper will discuss our approach to convert these images into application maps (i.e. shape files) without much effort or special knowledge from the pilot/operator, which could then be a new service to a customer. These application maps could then be easily uploaded into the spray system computer to make variable-rate aerial application such as cotton growth regulators, defoliants, and insecticides. The goal of these research projects is to demonstrate that precision agriculture technology has the potential to benefit the industry by saving operators and farmers’ time and money.
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eng_Latn
| 9,742 |
Modification of soil physical properties by addition of Fe (III) polycations: influence on plant growth
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Summary ::: ::: The addition of 0.07 per cent Fe or more in the form of polycations decreased the total area of cracks and increased the number of transmissive pores of soils after simulated rainfall and drying. This resulted in increased per cent emergence and lower mean day of emergence of wheat plants. Per cent emergence (.v) was negatively correlated with penetrometer resistance (x). ::: ::: ::: ::: The increased germination was followed by greater plant growth, including increased plant height and yield. The Fe polycation treatments had no significant effect on root length measured at harvest.
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ABSTRACT A field study investigated the perception of environmental hazards in residential areas polluted by chemical wastes. Soil pollution is an important problem in The Netherlands. The government expects that in the period from 1982 to 1997 some 1000 sites will need remedial action. Of these sites about 50 concern pollution in residential areas. In four cases of soil pollution experiences of the inhabitants, the information process, social and medical assistance and participation by the inhabitants are studied. The data were collected in comprehensive interviews with involved professionals, the relevant authorities and 756 inhabitants. The cases were in different stages of technical investigation and remedial action. Differences in managing approach, nature of the pollutants and age of the houses were related to the perceptions and expectations of the inhabitants. It will be argued that increased understanding of individual reactions to cases of soil pollution could have important consequences for pol...
|
eng_Latn
| 9,743 |
Preliminary Studies on the Pathogenicity of Metarhizium anisopliae (Metschn.) Sorokin var. anisopliae to Cutworm Agrotis segetum (Schiff.)
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The entomopathogenic fungus, Metarhizium anisopliae (Metschn.) Sorokin var, anisopliae was found pathogenic to the larvae of Agrotis segetum (Schiff.), Agrotis ipsilon (Hufnagel) and Agrotis spinifera (Hubn.). It was also found pathogenic to eggs of A. segetum . Soil application of the fungus gave 45% mortality of last instar larvae of A. segetum at a concentration of 1.2 × 10 7 spores/g of soil. The fungal spores at 10 7 /ml sprayed on A. segetum eggs gave 100% mortality. Field application of spores on the eggs proved effective in controlling the pest. The study indicates the scope of using the fungus against the pest in the field.
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Workflow management techniques were developed in early 1990s,and its critical part was conceptual modeling.As a kind of graphical and mathematical modeling tools,Petri Net is applicable to the modeling requirement of workflow.A method of modeling for workflow based on Generalized Stochastic Petri Net(GSPN) is proposed and the validity and reliability is checked using reachable graph method.By utilizing the equivalence relation between GSPN and Markov chain,a method of combining GSPN and Markov chain is used to analyze the performance of workflow.The effectiveness of this method is verified by an application case,which will help to implement a workflow management system.
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eng_Latn
| 9,744 |
Soil nutrients affect sweetness of sugar maple sap
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Abstract Understanding how soil nutrients affect sap sweetness of sugar maples (Acer saccharum Marsh.) is important for producing maple syrup, an economically important non-timber forest product in the northeastern USA and southeastern Canada. Sugar maples were sampled for sap sweetness in 21 plots distributed across five stands in the White Mountains of New Hampshire. Sugar concentrations in maple sap were higher in plots with greater native soil nitrogen availability, indicated by N mineralization in laboratory incubations (p = 0.01). To test whether nutrient additions can improve sap sweetness, treatment plots were fertilized with N, P, N and P, or Ca. Addition of 30 kg N ha−1 yr−1 increased sap sweetness two years after initial treatment. Foliar P had a negative correlation with sap sweetness (p = 0.02) while trees with higher foliar N:P had sweeter sap (p
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ABSTRACT A field study investigated the perception of environmental hazards in residential areas polluted by chemical wastes. Soil pollution is an important problem in The Netherlands. The government expects that in the period from 1982 to 1997 some 1000 sites will need remedial action. Of these sites about 50 concern pollution in residential areas. In four cases of soil pollution experiences of the inhabitants, the information process, social and medical assistance and participation by the inhabitants are studied. The data were collected in comprehensive interviews with involved professionals, the relevant authorities and 756 inhabitants. The cases were in different stages of technical investigation and remedial action. Differences in managing approach, nature of the pollutants and age of the houses were related to the perceptions and expectations of the inhabitants. It will be argued that increased understanding of individual reactions to cases of soil pollution could have important consequences for pol...
|
eng_Latn
| 9,745 |
A Research on the Carrying Capacity of Water Resource with the Increase of Grain Output in the Western Part of Heilongjiang Province
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The research is based on the analysis of the condition of land and water resources in the Western Part of Heilongjiang Province, considering the calculation of supply and demand balance of water resources over the 50 billion kilograms of grain productivity project planning. To further analyse the carrying capacity of water resource with the increase of grain production in the western part of Heilongjiang province, meanwhile, to raise the countermeasures and suggestions to the restraints.
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The article design a set of classification and collection of rural solid waste at the source in Dianchi lake watershed,which can minimize the volume of solid waste,recycle the waste,and make the solid waste harmless to enlarge the application areas and improve the treatment efficiency.
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eng_Latn
| 9,746 |
AN EVALUATION OF SEED GROWTH IN SOFT RED WINTER WHEAT
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Four cultivars and five lines of soft red winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) representing Arthur and Knox types and Arthur by Knox types were grown in the field. The rate of duration of dry matter, carbohydrate and protein accumulation during seed maturation, the weight of the seed at 10 days post-anthesis and the weight of 200 seeds at maturity were measured in seeds from the central spikelet. The Arthur types (Arthur, Oasis, Beau) had relative and maximal rates of dry matter, carbohydrate and protein accumulation that were greater than the Knox types (Monon, 65256, 65309). The duration over which dry weight, carbohydrates and protein accumulated in the seeds was consistently longer in the Knox types. The rate and duration of dry matter, carbohydrate and protein accumulation in the Arthur by Knox types (6413, 71586 and 72483) were more similar to the Arthur types. Ranking each cultivar or line with regard to the measured parameters of seed growth favored the Arthur types with the following ranking from ...
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AbstractThe Amazon basin has been subjected to unprecedented rates of land-use change over the past several decades, primarily as a result of the expansion of agriculture. Enhanced rain forest conservation efforts toward the end of the twentieth century slowed deforestation of the Amazon but, in turn, increased demand for land repurposing in the adjacent Cerrado (savanna) region, where conservation regulations are less strict. To maintain or increase yields while minimizing the need for additional land, agricultural producers adopted a form of intensification in which two rain-fed crops are planted within a single growing season (double cropping). Using 10 years (August 2002 to July 2012) of MODIS and TRMM data, it is demonstrated that there exists a threshold growing season rainfall amount (1759 mm) for double cropping. But more nuanced is the relationship between observable precipitation information available to farmers at the time of planting decision and the choice to “double crop” in a given year. An...
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yue_Hant
| 9,747 |
Yield effects simulation and optimum choices of crop rotation sequences of typical areas on Loess Plateau of China
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The field crop rotation experiments usually need to conduct a long period and to do much work.In order to solve this problem,crop models DSSAT3 and ALMANAC were used to study output effect of main crop rotation sequences in typical areas on Loess Plateau.The concepts and calculation expressions of rotation water consumption index,rotation nitrogen consumption index and rotation economic return were advanced and used to evaluate crop rotation benefits on resources utilization efficiency and economic effects.The optimum crop rotation sequence on Guanzhong Plain,Weibei highland and Yinchuan plain is "wheat-maize→wheat-maize" four crops in two year rotation,"wheat→wheat-millet→maize" four crops in three year rotation and "wheat/maize→wheat/maize" four crops in two year relay intercropping rotation respectively.
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Through the several occasions to participate in the management of feed industry in our province and for nearly 300 feed production enterprises survey in the past two years,the existing problems and factors to feed safety were analyzed.In order to ensure the safety of animal products,what feed market supervision should be done in Shaanxi province was proposed.
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eng_Latn
| 9,748 |
Comments on the Informationization of Agricultural Scientific Research and Agricultural Scientech Development
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The paper discusses on the necessity and urgency in the informationization of agricultural scientific research (IASR); analyzes the effect of IASR on the development of agricultural science and technology (DAST): puts forward suggestions on launching IASR and promoting DAST.
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Summary form only given. This paper presents a user-friendly tool which allows automated sizing of IC cells. It comprises an open optimization-based sizing program, a database which allows knowledge re-use and also easy addition of new knowledge, and a powerful graphical user interface.
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eng_Latn
| 9,749 |
Elemental analyses of leaf litter and sediments at three cove sites varying in their water quality inputs in lake wallenpaupack pennsylvania usa
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Abstract White oak (Quercus alba) and red maple (Acer rubrum) leaves were submerged in mesh baskets at three cove sites varying in their water quality inputs at Lake Wallenpaupack in eastern Pennsylvania, USA. Cove 1 is surrounded primarily by a wetland preserve, cove 2 is surrounded by dense housing and in‐ground septic systems, and cove 3 receives agricultural runoff input. Leaves and sediment samples were collected at two‐week intervals and energy dispersive x‐ray microanalysis was performed semi’ quantitatively for major elemental constituents above atomic number 11. Leaf litter trace elements and sediment chemistry were analyzed by the testing laboratories of the Pennsylvania State University using IC plasma atomic absorption spectroscopy and ion specific probes, respectively. Leaf litter of both species in cove 1 was found to contain lower concentrations of Mn, Fe, Pb, and Zn as compared to litter from coves 2 and 3. Cove 1 leaf litter was often lower in P, S, and Cu compared that from cove 2 and 3....
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This article investigated 36 administrative villages in Heilongjiang Province, Jilin Province and Liaoning Province. The questionnaires ask about the issuance of local rural sanitation, and wishes of the masses to participate in ecological management activities. The farmers' awareness of the rural ecological environment and attitude of participation in ecological management were analyzed, and rural ecological environment management model in northeast major grain producing areas was research based on survey analysis of data aggregation and calculation.
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eng_Latn
| 9,750 |
The method of one kind of carbonization Eupatorium
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The present invention discloses a method Eupatorium carbonization, comprising the steps of: a) grinding: Eupatorium were crushed and straw; 2) stirring and drying: straw pulverized and broken Eupatorium end were mixed and stirred evenly drying; 3) compression molding: the fines mixture was pressed under pressure into rods; 4) carbonization: the stick into the carbonization furnace for carbonization. Bauhinia Zeeland present invention will be used as raw materials for production by not only solve the crowding out native plants Eupatorium; intrusion economic woodland and farmland, cultivated affect plant growth; clogged drains and blocking traffic; livestock eating can cause illness and even death, animal husbandry and other hazards, and will Eupatorium processed into charcoal, turning waste into treasure. At the same time, lower the cost of production Eupatorium charring, can bring greater economic benefits, the production process is simple.
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We have investigated the depletion layer generated in DC poled soda-lime glasses using the LIPP technique. The results are interpreted taking advantage of the chemical surface analysis already carried out.
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eng_Latn
| 9,751 |
Relationships between the performance of low-VOC wood coatings and the dimensional changes of the wooden substrate
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Low VOC joinery wood coatings with different moisture permeability were tested in relation to dimensional changes, moisture content and performance after weathering. A permanent decrease in dimensions of coated wood and a linear correlation with moisture content was found. Coating permeability only partly relates to cracking, flaking and surface mould growth, due to the uncoated backside of the samples and differences in coating formulation.
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Background and aims ::: To study the impact of land use change (LUC) from native vegetation and pasture to sugarcane cultivation as well as to evaluate the effect of different management practices on long-term SOC dynamics using the CENTURY ecosystem model.
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eng_Latn
| 9,752 |
Experimental Study on the Pollutants Release Characteristics During Combustion of Lean Coal with Different Coal Rank
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In this paper, the characteristics of SO2 and NO release during combustion of lean coal with different coal rank were experimentally studied in the one-dimensional furnace for pulverized coal combustion. The results showed: The coal property and proportion of the component coals have great influence on the characteristics of SO2 and NO release. The releasing concentration of SO2 and NO distributing along the furnace height is generally between that of component coals, and the releasing characteristics of SO2 and NO would be more near to that of the larger proportion coal. The measuring value of the formation concentration of SO2 and NO are different from the calculating value based on the weighted means of the component coals to a certain extent. While the different coal are added to lean coal, the time corresponding with peak value releasing concentration of SO2 and NO is different.
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With the improved comparison method of comprehensive competitiveness,in this paper an empirical analysis of the competitiveness of crop production in Jiangsu was made.The crops that had advantage and disadvantage compared with other areas of the country were found.Thus the improvement direction of crop production structure was pointed out.
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eng_Latn
| 9,753 |
The importance of sediment phosphorus release in the restoration of very shallow lakes (The Norfolk Broads, England) and implications for biomanipulation
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Phosphorus release from the sediments of very shallow lakes, the Norfolk Broads, can be as high as 278 mgP m-2 d-1. These high rates are associated with high total sediment Fe:P ratios and occur when sulphide from sulphate reduction removes Fe(II) from the pore water. There is also evidence that bioturbation from benthic chironomids can enhance phosphorus release rates, particularly in sediments low in total iron. The release of phosphorus from the sediments of these lakes is delaying restoration following the control of phosphorus from sewage discharges. Biomanipulation is being used in these lakes to create clear water and re-establish aquatic macrophytes. This removal of fish has allowed larger populations of benthic chironomid larvae to develop which may result in an increase in the rate of phosphorus release and changes to the pore profiles of dissolved phosphorus, soluble iron and free sulphide.
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We provide an overview of the background and recent developments in the study of the morphology evolution of thin film growth. In particular, complex non-local growth effects, including the shadowing effect and the re-emission effect, have been recently shown to significantly alter an evolving growth front. The physical principles behind these non-local effects are discussed, along with techniques used by researchers in the field to model such growth.
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eng_Latn
| 9,754 |
Response of the Blackcap (Sylvia atricapilla L.) to temperature change
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Many authors have demonstrated use of plants and animals as sensitive biomonitors for climate change. This research was conducted in the Mokrice area (mixed agricurtiral landscape and small decidouos woods) in northwestern Croatia and studies cover the period from 1979 to 2007. This paper assesses evidence that year and local air temperature change influence first arrival dates of the migratory passerine Blackcap, Sylvia atricapilla. The mean first arrival date of the Blackap was 2 April (1979-2007). Correlation berween timing of arrivals and year was significant. Blackcap arrival dates have become 9.3 days earlier during the research period (slope of linear regression = -0.32 +/- 0.01). The relationship between spring temperatures (March-April) and year, and spring temperatures and timing of arrival was also significant. This result suggests that Blackcap respond to spring temperatures by earlier arrival at breeding grounds.
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ABSTRACT Information and knowledge about the oil tolerance of native coastal plants are limited, but are essential for restoring and remediating oil impacted habitats. Spartina alterniflora is the dominant native salt marsh plant species along the Northern Gulf of Mexico and the Atlantic coast; the presence of this species is important to sustain healthy coastal salt marshes. The crude oil tolerance limits of S. alterniflora and its capacity to phytoremediate South Louisiana crude (SLC) oil in marsh sediments were investigated in a greenhouse. Spartina alterniflora was transplanted into marsh sediments contaminated with SLC at concentrations of 0, 40, 80, 160, 320, 640 and 800 mg/g. Plant photo synthetic rate, stem density, shoot height, aboveground biomass and belowground biomass were analyzed periodically during a one-year plant growth cycle to determine the oil tolerance limits of S. alterniflora. Most plant parameters were significantly lower at 320 and 640 mg/g of SLC oil in the soil compared to the ...
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eng_Latn
| 9,755 |
GASDYNAMIC METHODS IN MHD FLOW.
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Abstract : The report contains a brief analysis of the following items: (a) Two-dimensional steady flow (variational method), (b) One-dimensional unsteady flow (variational method), (c) Plasma with finite conductivity (exact solutions), (d) Approximate solutions and linearized equations, (e) New numerical methods, (f) Low conductivity plasma, (g) Applications, (h) Plasma acceleration and MHD power generation. A detailed discussion of future plans is given. (Author)
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The unpleasant smell of dung fly everywhere, dirt strewn everywhere be a factor for the emergence of social conflict surrounding of cow breeding. Biogas digester in the form of a closed tube can be used for cow dung that is no longer scattered and the scent is not pleasant been isolated. Not only that bio-gas produced can be used together with the communities around the farm, which in turn not only relieve social turmoil but rather strengthen the social fabric. Now they jointly maintain and care for the sake of expediency digester together. Bio-gas digester constructed is fixed dome models (fixed dome) with capacities of 10 m3 of manure. It means being able to accommodate dirt 10-15 cow. After 60 days of curing in the tube digester, biogas digester turns is able to produce enough gas used for cooking purposes 15 families around the farm together. Keywords: digester, biogas, cow breeding, social conflict
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yue_Hant
| 9,756 |
Limiting factors for biogas production from cow manure: energo-environmental approach
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The main innovation of the study is the use of a novel energo-environmental approach for investigation of biogas production, and analysis of the amount of methane and biogas produced in terms of en...
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Quite many difficult problems have to be dealt with in the course of designing on-line efficiency calculation systems of boilers, such as securing the precise flow of the working medium and of the fuel consumption, content of combustibles in the fly ash as well as the on-line display of the coal quality. The paper discusses how these problems may be handled, with special emphasis on the flow measurement of the working medium. Table 1 and refs 5
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eng_Latn
| 9,757 |
In vitro rumen methane output of forb species sampled in spring and summer
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The chemical composition, in vitro rumen fermentation variables and methane (CH 4 ) output of a range of common forb species sampled in spring and summer, and grass silage (14 treatments in total), were determined in this study. Dried, milled herbage samples were incubated in an in vitro rumen batch culture with rumen microbial inoculum (rumen fluid) and buffered mineral solution (artificial saliva) at 39 °C for 24 hours. All herbage chemical composition and in vitro rumen fermentation variables were affected ( p <0.001) by treatment. Rumex obtusifolius (in spring and summer), Urtica dioica (summer) and Senecio jacobaea (summer) had lower ( p <0.05) CH 4 outputs relative to feed dry matter incubated compared with grass silage, reflecting their lower extent of in vitro rumen fermentation.
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The Texas A&M Transportation Institute's Urban Mobility Report (UMR) is acknowledged to be the most authoritative source of information about traffic congestion and its possible solutions. As policy makers from the local to national levels devise strategies to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, the level of interest in the environmental impact of urban congestion has increased. To this end, the researchers developed and applied a methodology to determine carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions caused by congestion for inclusion in the UMR. The methodology also estimated fuel consumption on the basis of the CO2 emissions estimates. The researchers developed a five-step methodology with data from three primary data sources: (a) FHWA's Highway Performance Monitoring System, (b) INRIX traffic speed data, and (c) the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency's Motor Vehicle Emissions Simulator model. Results were intuitive and reasonable when emission rates (pounds of CO2 per mile) were compared with the emissions inve...
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eng_Latn
| 9,758 |
Determination of chlorotoluron, isoproturon and metoxuron in soil by GLC-NPD and confirmation using GLC-MS
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The analysis of several phenyl urea herbicides in soil by GLC-NPD, directly or after alkylation, and the confirmation of residues by GLC-ITD is reported. Soil was extracted with methanol, the organic solvent evaporated, the residue dissolved in hexane and then analyzed by gas chromatography on a 3% OV-17 glass packed column. An aliquot of the extract was ethylated overnight with EtI, NaH and Me2SO as solvent. The mixture was hydrolyzed, the ethylated compounds extracted with hexane and determinated by GLC-NPD on a BP-5 fused silica capillary column. Values obtained with the direct GLC analysis were reproducible and similar to those obtained after ethylation. Recovery of each herbicide was higher than 80% and the limit of detection was 0.01 ppm. These compounds were also analyzed by GLC-ITD. The sensitivity in the SIM mode was near 0.1 ng and the residues can be confirmed with this technique down to 0.01 ppm.
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Life cycle green cost assessment (LCGCA) method, which can evaluate building environmental load and economic performance throughout its life cycle comprehensively, is propounded in this paper in order to guide green building design. In LCGCA, environmental load (EL) cost is proposed based on concept of environmental tax and counted into general building initial cost and operating cost, and then green payback time (GPT) could be worked out. With this method, an office building in Beijing is studied. The operating energy consumption, life cycle EL, life cycle cost (LCC) and GPT of different envelope schemes have been compared. The results indicate GPT is obviously shorter than the general payback time when EL cost is considered. Especially, the exterior shading scheme changes to be economically feasible through GPT evaluation. This assessment method is more suitable to guide green building design practice because environmental performance and economical performance are considered together.
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eng_Latn
| 9,759 |
STRUCTURAL FEATURES OF AGGREGATES IN SOME EAST ANGLIAN SILT SOILS
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Summary ::: Samples from field plots of silty soils in East Anglia, which were high and low in organic matter, were subjected to mild ultrasonic vibration. In soils high in organic matter particles in the 2–20 μm or 20–50 μMm size range contained most humified organic matter, whereas in soils low in organic matter, most was present in the clay sized fraction. Scanning electron micrographs of the ultrasonically separated particles showed that those from the high organic matter soils had more extensive surface coatings. Clean fragments were left after peroxide and calgon dispersion treatment.
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Abstrcat Taking a sand-grown plant garden for example, the garden's natural conditions and land use actuality are analyzed, and the landscape ecological construction goal of the garden is proposed. A study is conducted on the ecological design of the garden landscape.
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yue_Hant
| 9,760 |
Study Progress of Crop Disease Stress Detecting
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The methods of crop disease stress detecting based on remote sensing technology,image processing technique and AES(agricultural expert system),the development of these three methods and comparison of their advantage and defect were reviewed. The study state of NAH(near field acoustic holography)was introduced. A study method of crop disease stress detecting based on NAH theory was proposed,which exploits a new approach for integrated accurate prevention and cure of crop disease.
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Outline Motivation & background work at the JRC EU agricultural emissions in perspective Methodology: CAPRI Model Scenario assumptions Main results Limitations Conclusions Conclusions •Without further action, agricultural GHG emissions in the EU-28 are projected to decrease by 2.3% by 2030 compared to 2005. •The setting of GHG emission reduction obligations for the EU agriculture sector without financial support shows important production effects, especially in the EU livestock sector •The decreases in domestic production are partially offset by production increases in other parts of the world (leakage) •Adverse effects on EU agricultural production and emission leakage are significantly reduced if subsidies are paid for the application of technological emission mitigation options… however, with considerable budgetary costs to trigger adoption
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eng_Latn
| 9,761 |
Clinical investigation of Listeria monocytogenes as a possible cause of human fetal wastage.
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Abstract 1. 1. A total of 72 patients, 36 with spontaneous abortions, one with ectopic pregnancy, 26 with premature infants, 7 with term infants by weight, and 2 with stillborn infants were studied for possible listeriosis by culture technique. In addition, 75 pregnant control patients were studied. 2. 2. Pathologic examination was made of all placentas and products of conception. 3. 3. In only one instance was L. monocytogenes demonstrated in the study group. It was cultured from the mother's cervix-vagina. The baby was unaffected. No control patients demonstrated L. monocytogenes. 4. 4. E. coli was present in the greatest number of specimens in the cervicovaginal area and this organism was also the predominant one recovered from fetal specimens. 5. 5. L. monocytogenes could not be considered as an important etiologic agent in causing abortion and premature birth in the San Francisco military population. 6. 6. A case report of confirmed listeriosis is presented.
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As pressure for new infrastructure and development grows, it is inevitable that building projects will encounter some of the c20,000 closed former solid waste landfills in the UK, many of which will have accepted municipal solid wastes (MSW). Construction on or across these sites brings a special set of geohazards associated with the potential for large and difficult to predict settlements, gas (and odour) release or generation, contaminated leachate and the breach of containment systems and other environmental controls. The presentation will discuss these issues with reference to recent research into understanding and predicting settlements in municipal solid waste landfills; assessing the total, current and residual gas potential of biodegradable wastes; the role of the hydraulic regime in the flushing of contaminants from the waste and the quality of leachate; and the need or otherwise for the long term integrity of engineered barriers and controls.
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eng_Latn
| 9,762 |
WEPP INTERNET INTERFACES FOR FOREST EROSION PREDICTION
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The Water Erosion Prediction Project (WEPP) is a physically based erosion model for applications to dryland and irri- gated agriculture, rangeland, and forests. U.S. Forest Service (USFS) experience showed that WEPP was not being adapted because of the difficulty in building files describing the input condi- tions in the existing interfaces. To address this difficulty, a suite of Internet interfaces with a database was developed to more easily predict soil erosion for a wide range of climatic and forest condi- tions, including roads, fires, and timber harvest. The database included a much larger climate database than was previously avail- able for applications in remote forest and rangeland areas. Valida- tion results showed reasonable agreement between erosion values reported in the literature and values predicted by the interfaces to the WEPP model. (KEY TERMS: erosion; sedimentation; forest hydrology; modeling; forest roads.)
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This study documents that external and internal forces were causes of change at VCWTP. External forces caused. Fort Worth to reorganize and introduce new management at VCWTP after 1982. These improvements led to VCWTP being selected best managed wastewater treatment plant in the nation by EPA in 1988. This study first analyzes external and internal forces responsible for changes at VCWTP. A history of plant operations also is reviewed. Personnel interviews were conducted of perceptions of employees. Finally, statistics obtained of the plant operation from 1969 to 1988 are compared with personal interviews. Five forces effect change at VCWTP; population, regulatory requirements, political conflicts, an organizational and managerial factors. Turnaround occurred as external and internal corrections were made.
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yue_Hant
| 9,763 |
Geometric Quality Analysis of Three-line Array CCD Imagery of ZY-3 Satellite
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The paper mainly researches and analyses the geometric quality of three-line array CCD(TLC)imagery of ZY-3 satellite,and introduces the processing flow of geometric positioning relative to ground of three-line array CCD imagery.After a brief description of the strict geometric imaging model of three-line array CCD imagery of ZY-3 satellite,the paper establishes the error compensation model according to the exterior orientation angle elements and the geometric calibration of camera orthogonal.After the system calibration on the ground,by using different times imagery and high precise ground control points,a test is conducted,and the plane precision of the imagery is analysed and evaluated.The results show that without Ground Control Points,the external positioning accuracy of three-line array CCD imagery of ZY-3 satellite is better than 6 pixel,and the internal geometric deformation less than 1.5 pixel.
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Based on typical vegetable base in Urumqi northern suburbs,structure characteristic of oasis city soil available Cd content in arid region was analyzed and spatial distribution was studied.The results showed that available Cd of vegetable base in Urumqi northern suburds was medium variations.Available Cd semivariance model fitted showed spatial correlation.Spatial distribution pattern of available Cd content was studied using Kriging optimal interpolation.Soil available Cd content had correlation with industry activity,savage irrigation and dustfall.
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kor_Hang
| 9,764 |
Influence of sampling date and substrate on nitrogen mineralization: comparison of laboratory-incubation and buried-bag methods for two Massachusetts forest soils
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Nitrogen (N) mineralization potential and net N mineralization insitu were measured monthly over 7 months for the forest floor horizons (Oi, Oe, Oa) and mineral soil (0–15 cm) of a pine stand and the mineral soil (0–15 cm) of a maple stand in Massachusetts, United States. In all cases, N mineralization potential per unit organic matter (anaerobic laboratory incubation) varied significantly by sampling month but was unrelated to the seasonal pattern for net N mineralization (buried-bag method). The organic horizons in the pine stand exhibited the most variable N mineralization potential, with the Oe horizon having more than a fourfold seasonal range. For the pine stand the Oe horizon also had the highest N mineralization potential (per unit organic matter) and the highest net N mineralization insitu (per unit area). In general, temporal and depth-wise variability should be considered when sites are assessed with respect to the pool of mineralizable N.
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The practice of running a bilingual experimental class based on the first-level discipline of materials science and engineering in Nanjing University of Technology is introduced in this paper.The cultivation of innovative talents was realized through establishing a set of innovative training program,relying on a team of frontier teachers,using a flexible form of teaching organization,establishing a flexible cultivation system,cultivating an international professional thinking mode,developing a batch of characteristic courses,etc.
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eng_Latn
| 9,765 |
Energy recovery from anaerobic co-digestion with pig manure and spent mushroom compost in the Mekong Delta
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This study aimed at seeking for the solution to recover the energy from agriculture waste in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam. The spent mushroom compost - a residue from the mushroom growing - was chosen for co-digestion with pig manure in anaerobic batch and semi-continuous experiments. The results showed that in case of spent mushroom compost made up 75% of the mixed substrate, the gained biogas volume was not significantly different compared to the treatment fed solely with 100% pig manure. The average produced biogas was 4.1 L×day -1 in the experimental conditions. The semi-continuous experiments remained in good operation up to the 90 th day of the fermentation without any special agitating method application. The methane contents in both experiments were around 60%, which was significantly suitable for energy purposes. These results confirm that spent mushroom compost is possibly an acceptable material for energy recovery in the anaerobic fermentation process.
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With the construction of the power system in Shanxi Province,the environment of the whole district is turning for the worse.In some parts it even leads to soil erosion.According to the research on the impact of the project construction for the characteristic of soil erosion in Ruiguang heat-engine plant,Shanxi,forward exhaustive investigating and analyzing,the author divided the projects into four parts: industrial area,linear facilities,coal ash yard and temporary facilities.Then it do the typical design of engineering measure for every part, in order to avoid soil erosion from the projects construction effectively and supply reference for the same kind projects in Shanxi Province.
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eng_Latn
| 9,766 |
Towards Second Generation Bioethanol
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Abstract This work proposes a multi-period and spatially explicit framework conceived to drive strategic policies on biofuels. A Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) model is proposed as quantitative tool to optimise the oncoming transition towards more sustainable infrastructures. This paper addresses the design of bioethanol supply chains where both corn grain and stover are considered as suitable biomass. A Mixed Integer Linear Program is proposed to optimise the system financial performance and to comply with EU environmental regulation by taking into account a wide number of technological options. Bioethanol production in Northern Italy is chosen as a demonstrative case study.
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The main innovation of the study is the use of a novel energo-environmental approach for investigation of biogas production, and analysis of the amount of methane and biogas produced in terms of en...
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eng_Latn
| 9,767 |
Studies on Crop Tolerance to Alachlor1
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Peas detected alachlor residues upto 0.0000–1 ppm in solution culture and blackgram upto 0.001 ppm in soil culture measured in terms of reduced root length within a period of seven days under controlled conditions. Black gram, french beans, peas, okra and maize were tolerant to alachlor at 2.0 kg/ha under field conditions. Bioassav studies with feonugreek showed that alachlor treated at 1.5 and 2.0 kg/ha persisted for 30 days under sandy loam soils (organic matter 0.6%).
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Outline Motivation & background work at the JRC EU agricultural emissions in perspective Methodology: CAPRI Model Scenario assumptions Main results Limitations Conclusions Conclusions •Without further action, agricultural GHG emissions in the EU-28 are projected to decrease by 2.3% by 2030 compared to 2005. •The setting of GHG emission reduction obligations for the EU agriculture sector without financial support shows important production effects, especially in the EU livestock sector •The decreases in domestic production are partially offset by production increases in other parts of the world (leakage) •Adverse effects on EU agricultural production and emission leakage are significantly reduced if subsidies are paid for the application of technological emission mitigation options… however, with considerable budgetary costs to trigger adoption
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eng_Latn
| 9,768 |
Interaction of uncouplers and energy transfer inhibitors with high-energy states of chloroplasts☆
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Abstract An attempt was made to determine whether Cl-CCP and other known inhibitors and uncouplers of photophosphorylation act on high-energy states of chloroplasts. A theoretical analysis indicated that those uncouplers with a high affinity for high-energy states (Case 1a) could be experimentally distinguished from those which attack phosphorylation sites (Case 2) or have low affinities for the high-energy states (Case 1b) by regulating the rate of electron flow with electron transfer inhibitors such as DCMU. It was found that the uncouplers [Cl-CCP, gramicidin, and nigericin] have a high affinity for high-energy states. On the other hand, uncouplers such as arsenate, NH 4 Cl, quinacrine and chlorpromazine, and energy transfer inhibitors such as synthalin and phlorizin do not have a high affinity for high-energy states.
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The intensification of the dairy sector and the associated detrimental impacts on the environment has geared agri-environmental policies towards fulfilling environmental objectives. This study examines the impact of such policies and intensification on the hyperbolic efficiency of Dutch dairy farms which provides a measure for their joint technical and environmental performance. The results indicate that the introduction of decoupled payments reduced the hyperbolic efficiency of farms highlighting greater losses in technical than environmental performance, while agri-environmental subsidies have no impact on our efficiency measure. Finally, intensification increases hyperbolic efficiency implying that under appropriate nutrient-management practices, intensification can be sustainable.
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eng_Latn
| 9,769 |
Preharvest glyphosate in alfalfa for seed production: Control of Canada thistle
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Canada thistle [Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop.] is increasing in both frequency and density in Saskatchewan alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) seed fields. Application of preharvest glyphosate is an effective means of controlling Canada thistle in annual crops. This study was conducted to determine the effects of preharvest glyphosate on Canada thistle control and crop tolerance in alfalfa seed fields. Five field experiments were conducted in northeast Saskatchewan between 1995 and 1997 in which preharvest glyphosate was applied at 0, 220, 440, 660, 880, and 1760 g a.i. ha-1 when 60–70% of alfalfa seed pods were brown. Glyphosate did not affect seed yield in the year of application at any application rate, nor germination and subsequent emergence of the harvested seed. Alfalfa regrowth in the year following application declined linearly as the rate of preharvest glyphosate increased. Seed yield was also reduced in the year following glyphosate application. Glyphosate application at 220 g a.i. ha-1 significantly red...
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This paper will discuss our approach to convert these images into application maps (i.e. shape files) without much effort or special knowledge from the pilot/operator, which could then be a new service to a customer. These application maps could then be easily uploaded into the spray system computer to make variable-rate aerial application such as cotton growth regulators, defoliants, and insecticides. The goal of these research projects is to demonstrate that precision agriculture technology has the potential to benefit the industry by saving operators and farmers’ time and money.
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eng_Latn
| 9,770 |
Grape Growing in the Livermore Valley, Past and Present
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Summarizing the problems of the grape grower in the Livermore Valley today, with special emphasis toward encouraging new additional plantings, it is evident that: (1) a grower must produce fine quality table wine grapes for the discriminating winery, for which he must receive a premium. (2) he should be tied in with a good "Brand Name" winery, to assure him of a permanent home for his crop. (3) he must be an efficient operator and have a large enough vineyard to support good power equipment.
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Water quality information regarding grasslands in the Southern Plains of Oklahoma and Texas in sparse. The objective of this study was to determine the extent to which the area's surface and ground-water quality is influenced by native and introduced grass management practices. Concentrations and amounts of sediment, N, and P in surface runoff water were determined for 14,1-to 6-ha watersheds in the Reddish Prairie and Rolling Red Plain land resource areas for periods of 3 to 13 yr []
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eng_Latn
| 9,771 |
SIMULATING SOURCE AND SINK CONTROL OF STRUCTURAL GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT AND SUGAR ACCUMULATION IN SUGARCANE
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Crop simulation modelling can assist plant breeding by simulating the contribution of subtraits such as leaf elongation rate to complex traits such as sucrose yield and by simulating realistic interactions between the genetic traits and environmental factors. In the current Canegro sugarcane model, while canopy area development is a major component of carbon availability (source) through photosynthesis, leaf area and leaf dry mass as a sink for carbon are not linked. Also, carbon partitioning is largely unresponsive to changing demand of structural sinks for carbon. This study aimed at linking photosynthesis and canopy development via a conservative carbon balance based on source-sink principles. New model concepts and a preliminary evaluation of model behaviour are briefly described in this communication.
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SUBTITLE: SHIPPERS CAN LOOK FORWARD TO CONTINUING CAPACITY CONSTRAINTS AND PRICE INCREASES FOR THIS YEAR AND BEYOND. THE SOLUTION? TRY EVERYTHING, INCLUDING REDESIGNING YOUR SUPPLY-CHAIN NETWORK.
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yue_Hant
| 9,772 |
Modelling SOC response to land use change and management practices in sugarcane cultivation in South-Central Brazil
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Background and aims ::: To study the impact of land use change (LUC) from native vegetation and pasture to sugarcane cultivation as well as to evaluate the effect of different management practices on long-term SOC dynamics using the CENTURY ecosystem model.
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Fight, Roger D.; Hartsough, Bruce R.; Noordijk, Peter. 2006. Users guide for FRCS: fuel reduction cost simulator software. Gen. Tech. Rep. PNW-GTR668. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station. 23 p. The Fuel Reduction Cost Simulator (FRCS) spreadsheet application is publicdomain software used to estimate costs for fuel reduction treatments involving removal of trees of mixed sizes in the form of whole trees, logs, or chips from a forest. Equipment production rates were developed from existing studies. Equipment operating cost rates are from December 2002 prices for new equipment and wage rates for the Pacific Northwest. These cost assumptions can be modified by the user. There are four ground-based systems, four cable systems, and two helicopter systems. Cost estimates are in U.S. dollars per 100 cubic feet, per green ton, and per acre.
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eng_Latn
| 9,773 |
Research Progress of Drought Stress on Tobacco
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Drought influences greatly on tobacco seed germination,growth and fruition.The paper summarizes the influence of drought stress on tobacco growth and development,yield and physiological and biochemical characteristics,which aims at supplying basis for the further study.
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Outline Motivation & background work at the JRC EU agricultural emissions in perspective Methodology: CAPRI Model Scenario assumptions Main results Limitations Conclusions Conclusions •Without further action, agricultural GHG emissions in the EU-28 are projected to decrease by 2.3% by 2030 compared to 2005. •The setting of GHG emission reduction obligations for the EU agriculture sector without financial support shows important production effects, especially in the EU livestock sector •The decreases in domestic production are partially offset by production increases in other parts of the world (leakage) •Adverse effects on EU agricultural production and emission leakage are significantly reduced if subsidies are paid for the application of technological emission mitigation options… however, with considerable budgetary costs to trigger adoption
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eng_Latn
| 9,774 |
Sampling and Analysis Instruction for the 120-F-1 Glass Dump Site
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This sampling and analysis instruction has been prepared to clearly define the sampling and analysis activities to be performed to develop the basis for surveillance and maintenance of the 120-F-1 Glass Dumpsite. The purpose of this investigation is to augment historical information and obtain data to establish a technical basis for surveillance and maintenance at the site.
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As the output of urban life refuse is growing day and day,the best way is to recycle material and energy for the produced municipal solid waste,that is,resources garbage.The first important question is to classify or extract refuse in source.The large population,the difference of environment consciousness in citizen,and the collection of nonclassificated refuse give rise to the trouble of source separation difficult.This article divided refuse into two categories: dry refuse and wet refuse.For dry refuse,after hand selection and machine grading,they were broken into pieces,shaped up and then prepared for RDF fuel.This article is supposed to discuss the efficiency of this machine grading process,the effection of roller screen,rollers,fan to the efficiency of separator,and then work out optimal parameters,optimize the process of machine grading largely,play a role in extracting refuse in source during pretreatment of preparing RDF fuel.
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eng_Latn
| 9,775 |
Which common soil cation are also plant nutrients?
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How do plant absorb cations from the soil?
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How do plant absorb cations from the soil?
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eng_Latn
| 9,776 |
How acid rain is produce?
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How much acid rain is produced in one day?
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Which human activity has resulted in the increased production of acid rain?
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eng_Latn
| 9,777 |
Which non-metallic element is obtained via the 'Frasch Process'?
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IGCSE Study Guides, Revision & Notes: Element: Sulfur IGCSE Study Guides, Revision & Notes Sulfur is a non-metallic element, which is very important in the chemical industry. Sources It is found as the element in sulphur beds 200m below the ground in volcanic areas and also in metal ores such as copper pyrites (iron sulphides) and zinc blende and also in volcanic areas. Extraction Sulfur is extracted using the Frasch Process. Superheated water at 170°C and hot compressed air are pumped into layers of sulphur through pipes. This forces water and molten sulfur to the surface. Sulfur is insoluble in water and so the two substances emerging from the pipes are easily separated. The sulfur is about 99.5% pure and can be used directly. Properties The Frasch Process, as a result of some of the following properties, extracts sulfur: brittle yellow solid melting point of 119°C non-conductor of heat and electricity burns with blue flame when lit insoluble in water Uses of Sulfur The main use of sulfur is to manufacture sulfuric acid, quite possibly the most important industrial chemical. Sulfur is also used for: vulcanising rubber (making it stronger) in tyres, etc. sulfur concrete (used in acid factories) which is resistant to acids smaller quantities in matches, fireworks and fungicides, as a sterilising agent and in medicines Sulfur Dioxide Sulfur dioxide is a colourless gas, extremely poisonous and has a choking smell. It is produced when sulfur or substances containing sulfur, such as crude oil or coal, are burned in oxygen gas. Sulfur dioxide is considered a ‘problem pollutant’ in two main ways it is an acidic oxide that dissolves in water to form sulphurous acid, which leads to the problem of acidic rain. SO2(g) + H2O(l) = H2SO3 it causes bronchospasm in asthmatics, therefore considered a respiratory irritant. Despite this sulfur dioxide is also very useful for the following reasons: as a bleaching agent especially in the manufacture of wood pulp for paper as a food preservative (by killing bacteria) for meats, etc. manufacturing of sulphuric acid (as is elemental sulphur) Sources combustion of fossil fuels with sulfur impurities volcanic eruptions Contact Process (Industrial Manufacturing of Sulfuric Acid) The process has the following stages: Sulfur dioxide is first produced, primarily by the reaction (through combustion) of sulfur with oxygen. S(s) + O2(g) = SO2(g) Any dust and impurities are removed resulting in ‘clean gases’ consisting of unreacted oxygen and sulfur dioxide. These gases are heated to a temperature of approx. 450°C and fed into a reaction chamber of pressure 1-10 atmospheres. In the chamber the clean gases undergo ‘roasting’ where they are passed over beds of catalyst, namely vanadium(V) oxide (V2O5). This catalyses the reaction between sulfur dioxide and oxygen to produce sulfur trioxide (SO3) **2SO2(g) + O2(g) = 2SO3(g)** If the sulfur trioxide is added directly to water sulfuric acid is produced. The reaction however produces undesirable effects. It is very violent and very exothermic and produces a thick mist of sulfuric acid = very dangerous. S03 + H2O = H2SO4 The acid produced is very difficult to deal with and so a different route to sulfuric acid is employed. Instead, the sulfur trioxide is dissolved in concentrated sulfur acid to give a substance called oleum (H2S2O7) SO3 + H2SO4 = H2S2O7 The oleum formed in then added to the correct amount of water to produce sulfuric acid of the require concentration. H2S2O7 + H20 = 2H2SO4 ** The reaction between sulfur dioxide and oxygen to form sulfur trioxide is reversible. So the ideas of Le Chatelier can be used to increase the proportion of sulfur trioxide in the equilibrium mixture. The forward reaction is exothermic an1d so would be favoured by low temperatures. The temperature of 450°C used is an optimum temperature which produces sufficient amounts of sulfur trioxide at an economical rates. Since the back reaction is also accompanied by a decrease in the number of molecules of gas, a high pressure will favour it. ** Properties of Sulfuric Acid Dil
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Sir Albert Howard Memorial Issue Sir Albert Howard Memorial Issue Organic Gardening Magazine (Vol. 13, No. 8), September, 1948 Sir Albert Howard, Founder of the Organic Farming Movement, died in England in October 1947 at the age of 74. Most of this issue of J.I. Rodale's Organic Gardening Magazine was devoted to his memorial. Five of the 15 papers in the issue are presented in full below. By Yeshwant D. Wad, M.A., M.Sc. Formerly Chief Chemist and Agronomist, Institute of Plant Industry, Indore, Central India Yeshwant D. Wad was co-author with Howard of The Waste Products of Agriculture , which first presented the Indore system of composting. IN 1928 I joined the staff of the Institute of Plant Industry just started at Indore by the late Sir Albert Howard and his wife for introducing improved agriculture in States of Central India and Rajputana and advising on their agricultural problems. Sir Albert's previous work at Pusa had enabled him to arrive at reforms in agriculture supremely suitable to rural India and very largely meeting the current needs of the population. The principal features of his system were: improved implements and new labour-saving appliances, some improvised by the Howards themselves; adequate provision of food and fodders by suitable rotation of crops and grazing areas and the maintenance of grassed edges on field boundaries to prevent erosion; making of silage; systematic care of cattle and implements; orderly harvesting, threshing, and storage; planning of field operations to reduce hours of work, make effort easier and distribute it more evenly; and, the most outstanding item of all, the conversion of wastes to humus and their systematic return to the fields. On these principles the land and buildings of the Institute were laid out in grazing areas, irrigated and dry fields for cultivated crops, cattle shed, silage pits, compost factory, threshing floors, seed godowns, implement sheds, stores and storage godowns, etc., with a small model village for the workers, offices and quarters for the superintendent, students and visitors. The standard Indore Process for making humus was first evolved here, afterwards modified and adapted to suit varying requirements and different types of waste, whether at Indore or elsewhere. This later proved to be the initial stage in founding an entirely new school of agricultural thought, which promises in the near future to offer a creed to humanity destined to halt its present headlong race towards destruction and the ruin of civilization, enabling it to pause and think and direct its course to safety, security and stable prosperity. This creed is the maintenance of a live and active soil, producing food capable of imparting to human beings genuine vitality and lasting power of survival. It has by now been fully established that it is the crumb structure of the soil which is essential for the production of healthy and high-yielding crops, by ensuring in the root zones throughout the seasons adequate ventilation, drainage, and release of nutrients in proper proportions as required. Crumb structure is dependent on humus; and humus regulates crop nutrition by many different devices, not only by supplying soluble minerals but by direct nutrition in the growth of the symbiotic mycorrhiza, and by storing surplus mineral nutrients in colloidal absorption to be released later. The balanced food or fodder thus produced is superior in quality, health, and vigour-making properties when eaten by animals and humans. Healthy and vigorous bodies are the essential basis for healthy and vigorous mentalities, without which humanity cannot survive or progress. This will indicate what Sir Albert has given to the world, and that surely at a very critical moment in history, when events are occurring in quick succession to distract unprepared humanity. In his report on Palestine to the National Jewish Agency the American specialist Lowdermilk [see Notes, below] has shown how since Biblical times the prosperity and welfare of races has coincided with careful land management and the mainten
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eng_Latn
| 9,778 |
Why cant plants grow in clay?
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Why cannot many plants grow in clay soil?
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Why cannot many plants grow in clay soil?
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eng_Latn
| 9,779 |
How does the effect of pests stop crops growig?
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A sugarcane crop being threatened by pest?
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What will happen if the amount of the greenhouse gases added to atmosphere continues to increase?
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eng_Latn
| 9,780 |
What definition is decying matter in soil?
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What is decayingorganic matter in soil?
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What is debiting cash and crediting merchandise?
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eng_Latn
| 9,781 |
What is glucos considered as in the process of biomass?
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What are the different conversions?
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Does biomass cause water pollution?
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eng_Latn
| 9,782 |
Plants grow best in acid , well-aerated , soils of pH 5.5 to 6.3 , with low levels of phosphorus .
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Plants grow best in acidic , well-aerated , soils of pH 5.5 to 6.3 , with low levels of phosphorus .
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PLM utilizes a semester-based modular system for conducting courses , adopts features of the American system ( credits ) , and employs the General Weighted Average ( GWA ) system and a 1.00 to 5.00 grading scale , with 1.00 being the highest possible grade for a particular undergraduate course .
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eng_Latn
| 9,783 |
Agricultural Production System Based on IoT
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Performance evaluation of 6LoWPAN-based precision agriculture
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The differences between latent topics in abstracts and citation contexts of citing papers
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eng_Latn
| 9,784 |
Summarize of crop yield dynamic under long-term fertilization.
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The soil fertility evolution,development trends,and the corresponding adjustment countermeasures were the keys of soil science research.This paper summarizes the current research on crop production methods and parameters and focuses on how to characterize the different long-term fertilization soil productivity changes in sustainability researches in order to further analyze the long-term fertilization crop yield characteristics of the temporal and special variations and research the contribution rate of the progress.Based on this research,improvement mechanisms regarding the long-term fertilization crop shortages in this country and future development directions were proposed.
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This Letter describes a calculation using superfield techniques, showing that the ..beta.. function is zero to three loops in N=4 supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory. This result gives further indication that the theory is likely to be finite and conformally invariant order by order in perturbation theory.
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eng_Latn
| 9,785 |
Add Nitrogen to Compost
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Compost is high in organic material and can help keep your lawn and plants healthy. Amazingly, you can create compost with things that you would usually just throw away like table scraps, lawn clippings, and dead leaves.
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Did you know that you can use ordinary vinegar as an eco-friendly herbicide, fungicide and insecticide?
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eng_Latn
| 9,786 |
Is there any difference between the following two forms? I'm reading right now a paper related to the state of Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) and Battery Electric Vehicle (BEV) and I saw: BEVs produce no pollutants such as particulates, (...) What is the difference between this form and the use of: BEVs don't produce pollutants such as particulates, (...) As far as I know, It's very common to use the first form in papers or textbooks. Why? Is it about formality, rule of scientific papers or something related to grammar figures? Thank you for your answers.
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Comparing negatives: "she seems not to know" vs. "she doesn't seem to know" What is the difference in style and meaning between the following two: She seems not to know. She doesn't seem to know. Is there a name to this type of construction?
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The habitual past "would" versus "simple past" tense One can use the habitual past 'would' to describe past events. For example one could say, Jim would spend weekends at the farm. He would cut weed and water the plants. One can also use the simple past. Jim spent weekends at the farm. He cut weed and watered the plants. Would the use of habitual past be considered "weak" writing or prose, as opposed to the simple past? How does the simple past in the following sentence "He would cut weed and water the plants." without any preceding time expression e.g. "spend weekends" make a distinction between a repeated action/habit and a one-time action of cutting weeds and watering plants?
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eng_Latn
| 9,787 |
What I'm going to do is, I'm going to ask you about this sentence form Is there a name for sentence forms that tell you that they’re about to tell you something? For example: “What he did was, he went to the bus stop to meet his friend.” “What she’s doing is, she’s priming the canvas with gesso.” “What I’ll do is, I’ll call you if I’m running late.” These sentences could be described as “unnecessarily wordy” or maybe “circuitous”, but is there a technical, grammatical term for these sentence forms? If not, then is there a term for the italicized phrases?
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Cleft sentences Let's assume that John gave me a cat. I can rephrase the fact with: What John did was to give me a cat What John did was give me a cat What John did was, he gave me a cat But can I say the following phrase? What John did was gave me a cat
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The habitual past "would" versus "simple past" tense One can use the habitual past 'would' to describe past events. For example one could say, Jim would spend weekends at the farm. He would cut weed and water the plants. One can also use the simple past. Jim spent weekends at the farm. He cut weed and watered the plants. Would the use of habitual past be considered "weak" writing or prose, as opposed to the simple past? How does the simple past in the following sentence "He would cut weed and water the plants." without any preceding time expression e.g. "spend weekends" make a distinction between a repeated action/habit and a one-time action of cutting weeds and watering plants?
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eng_Latn
| 9,788 |
what soil is best for christmas cactus
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christmas cactus need rich well drained soil so be sure that the container chosen for your plant has drainage holes punched through the bottom of the pot some experts recommend adding leaf mold or compost to the container but garden compost carries unwanted pests along with desired nutrients
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The soil into which you transplant them is important, but the Christmas cactus is tolerant of various conditions. It is very important that the potting soil be well drained. This is one of the plants that will not tolerate soggy conditions-it needs air around its roots.Having said that, I have seen Christmas cacti growing very well in garden soil used as potting soil.The ideal potting soil will contain a high proportion of organic matter such as peat or well-decomposed compost. Addition of coarse sand, or even aquarium gravel, will provide the necessary drainage and aeration.aving said that, I have seen Christmas cacti growing very well in garden soil used as potting soil. The ideal potting soil will contain a high proportion of organic matter such as peat or well-decomposed compost. Addition of coarse sand, or even aquarium gravel, will provide the necessary drainage and aeration.
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eng_Latn
| 9,789 |
what fertilizer should i use to grow apple trees
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While these help add nutrients to the soil to support your apple trees, they will not have a âguaranteed analysisâ value. In general, apple trees thrive when macronutrients like Nitrogen (N), Phosphorous (P), and Potassium (K) are present. Nitrogen helps encourage vegetative growth (leaves and branches).
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Fruit Trees -- It is generally not necessary to fertilize fruit trees. Check tree growth to determine whether fruit trees need fertilization. Nonbearing fruit trees should grow approximately 15 to 30 inches per year.Bearing trees should produce 8 to 15 inches of new growth.niformly broadcast 5 pounds of the 10-10-10 fertilizer (10 percent of 5 is 1/2 pound of N) in a circular band about 2 to 3 feet from the trunk and extend out slightly beyond the dripline of the tree. One pound of actual nitrogen is the maximum for fruit trees 10 years of age and older.
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eng_Latn
| 9,790 |
how to fertilize watrrmelons
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Compost. Watermelon plants grow best in fertile, moist, well-draining soil. Compost helps accomplish this by improving soil structure, adding micronutrients and improving the soil's ability to stay moist and hold onto nutrients.ompost. Watermelon plants grow best in fertile, moist, well-draining soil. Compost helps accomplish this by improving soil structure, adding micronutrients and improving the soil's ability to stay moist and hold onto nutrients.
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What Fertilizers to Use on Watermelon. How you are going to fertilize watermelon plants and with what type of fertilizer are best determined by a soil test prior to sowing or transplanting. In the absence of a soil test, itâs a good idea to apply 5-10-10 at the rate of 15 pounds per 500 feet.
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eng_Latn
| 9,791 |
what are some crops in kansas
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Resembling a work of modern art, variegated green crop circles cover what was once shortgrass prairie in southwestern Kansas. The most common crops in this regionâFinney Countyâare corn, wheat, and sorghum. Each of these crops was at a different point of development when the Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) captured this image on June 24, 2001, accounting for the varying shades of green and yellow.
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Bebb Farms of Altamont, Kan., had the top Kansas dryland yield of 282.9 bushels per acre. In Oklahoma, Lauren Ledbetter Foutch and Gayla Ledbetter of Okmulgee had the two top dryland yields of 243.4 and 240.8 bushels per acre respectively. Bill Fansler of Welch had the third top yield at 223.4 bushels per acre. In the Oklahoma No-Till/Strip-Till Non-Irrigated competition, Scotty Herriman of South Coffeyville had the top yield at 260.4 bushels per acre.
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eng_Latn
| 9,792 |
Benefit from Hydroponic Indoor Gardening
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Hydroponic gardening is a method of growing plants without soil. The plants are grown instead in water amended with essential nutrients, or they may be grown in gravel or perlite saturated with this nutrient solution.
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Are you a home brewer hoping to take your beer to the next level by growing your own hops? Hops, one of the basic ingredients in beer, are able to thrive in any moderate climate.
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eng_Latn
| 9,793 |
Prepare Dirt for a Garden
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A garden's dirt is the most important element of plant growth. Dry soil does not as readily promote healthy flora as dark, wet soil, but soil in some locations is naturally more moist and nutrient-rich than other areas.
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Are you ready to go on that big fishing trip you've been waiting for, but don't have any worms? Or you don't want to buy them? Don't worry, you can get worms without even digging for them.
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eng_Latn
| 9,794 |
How does adding coffee grounds to compost help plants?
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What effect does coffee grounds have on compost?
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Composting: How can plants whose leaves are cleared around it and receive not manure, continue to grow?
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eng_Latn
| 9,795 |
how often to foliar feed cannabis
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Tags best foliar feed for marijuana best foliar spray for cannabis Cannabis Foliar Feeding Feeding Foliar foliar feeding marijuana with compost tea how often can you foliar feed your marijuana marijuana spraying oxygen on cannabis.annabis Foliar Feeding. There are certain times of day that are most effectively for Cannabis Foliar Feeding. Usually around 7-10 am and after 5 pm are ideal times. The stomata of the leaves, which are the parts that soak up nutrients, level during this time.
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My Advanced Nutrients Feeding Schedule. Discussion in 'Indoor Marijuana Growing' started by PassivePlatinum, Aug 13, 2012. So HERE is what I've been doing and what's been working for me so far. I haven't run into any nute problems yet. I however just switched from Sensi Bloom A&B and testing out the Connoisseur A&B. This was being done through soil. I'm currently doing a soil run with a recirculating drip system and they look good.
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eng_Latn
| 9,796 |
what nutrient makes grass greener
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Lawn nutrients like potassium, phosphorus and, yes, nitrogen, support the process of photosynthesis. In short, nitrogen is what makes your grass green, and the greener the grass, the more photosynthesis can occur and the thicker the lawn gets. But be careful! Too much nitrogen can create big problems for your lawn.
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Wheatgrass is a kind of grass. The above-ground parts, roots, and rhizome are used to make medicine. Wheatgrass is primarily used as a concentrated source of nutrients. It contains vitamin A, vitamin C, and vitamin E, iron, calcium, magnesium, and amino acids.
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eng_Latn
| 9,797 |
what do earthworm castings do for soil
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An earthworm produces its weight in castings daily. Worm castings are a wonderful fertilizer, rich in nutrients otherwise unavailable to plants. In cold weather, a soil search will turn up mature and young earthworms as well as eggs.By late spring, most worms are mature.n earthworm produces its weight in castings daily. Worm castings are a wonderful fertilizer, rich in nutrients otherwise unavailable to plants. In cold weather, a soil search will turn up mature and young earthworms as well as eggs.
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An earthworm produces its weight in castings daily. Worm castings are a wonderful fertilizer, rich in nutrients otherwise unavailable to plants. In cold weather, a soil search will turn up mature and young earthworms as well as eggs.By late spring, most worms are mature.n earthworm produces its weight in castings daily. Worm castings are a wonderful fertilizer, rich in nutrients otherwise unavailable to plants. In cold weather, a soil search will turn up mature and young earthworms as well as eggs.
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eng_Latn
| 9,798 |
chemicals that kill crop destroying organisms are called
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Many farmers choose to use chemicals to keep weeds and pests from destroying their crops and to add more nutrients to the soil. There are three different kinds of pesticides; herbicides, insecticides and fungicides.All three of these pesticides are used to kill different kinds of pests that can be found on a farm.Farmers that make the decision not to use any chemicals are called organic farmers. 1 Plants need nutrients in order to grow on a farm. 2 Nutrients such as carbon, oxygen and hydrogen are always available to the plants.armers that make the decision not to use any chemicals are called organic farmers. 1 Plants need nutrients in order to grow on a farm. 2 Because insects make up 3/4 of all species on earth, they can be a big problem on a farm. 3 One of the biggest concerns for farmers is weed control.
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Pesticides - These are different forms of chemicals that are. Pesticides used in agriculture to kill pests and protect crops. 2. Agricultural products are vulnerable to various pests that destroy crops. They account to huge loss of. crop yields. This results in suffering for both the farmer and the workers.
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eng_Latn
| 9,799 |
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