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0.357015 | cca3805220cf4499b5d0b79d14990769 | Relative expression of amylase (amyl2a), triglyceride lipase (tgl) and trypsin (try) in European eel, Anguilla anguilla, larvae.Effect of treatment (diet) at each age (A-C, E-G, I-K) and effect of age (days post hatch (dph)) at each treatment (D, H, L). Values represent means (± SEM), while different lower-case letters represent significant differences (p < 0.05). | PMC10138473 | pone.0283680.g005.jpg |
0.365638 | 658b8e189ad24e3dae98c6bf6f361f09 | Effect of age (days post hatch (dph)) and treatment (diet) on relative expression of ghrelin (ghlr) and proopiomelanocortin (pomca) in European eel, Anguilla anguilla, larvae.Values represent means (± SEM), while different lower-case letters represent significant differences (p < 0.05). | PMC10138473 | pone.0283680.g006.jpg |
0.408935 | 6adc7ededd1841be8892470ae0301505 | Effect of age (days post hatch (dph)) and treatment (diet) on relative expression of growth hormone (gh) and cytochrome c oxidase (cox1) in European eel, Anguilla anguilla, larvae.Values represent means (± SEM), while different lower-case letters represent significant differences (p < 0.05). | PMC10138473 | pone.0283680.g007.jpg |
0.43679 | d2efa676b793415eadb6d8a4b3681264 | Relative expression of selected genes.Overview, showcasing the difference in expression of selected genes standardized to the highest recorded transcript of that gene (try, amyl2a, tgl, pomca and gh) in European eel, Anguilla anguilla, larvae fed diet 1 (A), diet 2 (B) and diet 3 (C) throughout the experimental period (from 0 to 28 days post hatch (dph)). | PMC10138473 | pone.0283680.g008.jpg |
0.520252 | b3b2a6c1fea5467185555cb1bc6be811 | Secretory and membrane-associated MC biomarkers. Circulating biomarkers of MC activation are reported for molecules validated in clinical practice (upper left) or for research use only (bottom left). Cellular biomarkers of normal/reactive (upper right) and neoplastic (bottom right) MC are displayed. Abbreviations. PGD2, prostaglandin D2; IL, interleukin; TNFα, tumor necrosis factor alpha; PAF, platelet activating factor. ++, bright expression; +, expressed; -/+, dim expression; -, not expressed. | PMC10139107 | ijms-24-07071-g001.jpg |
0.471117 | 2be3a5e768cc4c8d9076faa34c29ad9d | Flow cytometry gating strategy for MC immunophenotyping. MCs can be first identified as CD117high cells with low side scattering (SSC) and CD45high expression. On gated MCs, expression of normal markers, such as for CD33, CD16, CD11b, CD13, and CD64, of aberrant markers, including CD2 and CD25, or of increased expression of precursor makers, such as CD34 and HLA-DR, can be performed. | PMC10139107 | ijms-24-07071-g002.jpg |
0.404675 | 8ebc44570e574285a2c439c3668a4062 | DAns differentiation protocol scheme. (A)—undifferentiated iPSCs in mTeSR1 media on Matrigel (differentiation day 0); (B)—common neural progenitors at the end of the first differentiation step (differentiation day 14); (C)—ventral midbrain neuronal progenitors at the end the second differentiation step (differentiation day 24); (D)—mature neurons at the third differentiation step (differentiation day 38). Magnification 100×. | PMC10139404 | ijms-24-07297-g001.jpg |
0.373079 | 536e084d00c8459e9505989e3bd92aca | Analysis of the expression of the pluripotent state marker and neuronal differentiation markers at different stages of differentiation. (A)—immunofluorescence analysis of sequential steps of differentiation for the expression of the pluripotent state marker OCT4, markers of neural progenitors SOX1, PAX6, neuronal marker β-III-tubulin and DAns marker tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) on the example of iPSC line IPSRG2L from a healthy donor. NPC—common neural progenitors (differentiation day 14), VMNPC—ventral midbrain neuronal progenitors (differentiation day 24), Mature—neurons (differentiation day 38). DAPI—blue, corresponding marker green or red. Scale bar 100 μM. (B)—Analysis of the expression level of OCT4 by real-time PCR in iPSCs and at differentiation day 14; IPSRG2L—iPSC line from healthy donor; IPSPDL2.15L—iPSC line from PD patient with mutation in PARK8 gene; IPSPDP1.5L—iPSC line from PD patient with mutation in PARK2 gene. (C)—Analysis of the expression level of β-III-tubulin by real-time PCR in iPSCs and at differentiation days 14, 24, 54 on the example of iPSC line IPSPDL2.6S—iPSC line from PD patient with mutation in PARK8 gene. (D)—Analysis of the expression level of TH by real-time PCR in iPSCs and at differentiation days 14, 24 and 54 on the example of iPSC line IPSPDL2.6S-iPSC from PD patient with mutation in PARK8 gene. (E)—Analysis of the expression level of DAT1 by real-time PCR in iPSCs and at differentiation days 14, 24, 38, 45, 52 and 59; IPSRG2L—iPSC line from healthy donor; IPSPDP1.5L—iPSC line from PD patient with mutation in PARK2 gene. *—the level of expression is statistically significantly different from the level of expression in iPSCs (p < 0.05). On the y-axis, the fold changes relative to iPSCs. The bars represent the mean ± SEM. | PMC10139404 | ijms-24-07297-g002.jpg |
0.432665 | 762535951beb4df6b2ea79375a294faa | Analysis of neuronal cultures after 34 days of differentiation for expression of neuronal markers and a marker of the mature state of neurons by PCR and immunocytochemistry. (A)—PCR analysis of neuronal cultures, differentiated from healthy and PD iPSC lines. Expression of common neuronal marker (SYN, synaptophysin) and DAns marker (TH) was shown at 34 and 54 differentiation days. GAPDH—Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase. IPSRG2L, IPSRG6L—healthy donor iPSC lines; IPSPDL1.4L, IPSPDL1.6L, IPSPDL2.15L–iPSC lines from two PD patients with mutation in PARK8 gene; IPSPDP1.5L—iPSC line from PD patient with mutation in PARK2 gene. (B)—immunocytochemical analysis of neuronal cultures differentiated from IPSRG2L (healthy) and IPSPDL2.6S (mutation in PARK8 gene) IPSC lines on day 45 of differentiation. Green—β-III- tubulin, red—TH, blue—DAPI. Scale bar 100 μM. | PMC10139404 | ijms-24-07297-g003.jpg |
0.428472 | 1bf4a7f1a04148af81e2921438c96976 | Results of flow cytometry analysis of neurons differentiated from iPSCs obtained from the material of patients with PD and from a healthy donor, on differentiation day 65. Upper panel—CD56 (N-CAM)—neural cell adhesion molecule, bottom panel—CD24—cell adhesion molecule. IPSRG2L—iPSC line from healthy donor; IPSPDL2.15L—iPSC line from PD patient with mutation in PARK8 gene, IPSPDP1.5L—iPSC line from PD patient with mutation in PARK2 gene. The data are presented as an overlay image of plots for specific antibody-stained cells and isotype-control antibody-stained cells. Green—isotype control, violet—cells stained for N-CAM, red—cells stained for CD24. | PMC10139404 | ijms-24-07297-g004.jpg |
0.419449 | 11a6ffb0337d470886e8d9ae9a9c030c | Flow cytometry analysis of neurons differentiated from iPSCs obtained from the material of patients with PD and from a healthy donor, on differentiation day 65. (A)—anti-TH staining. IPSPDP1.5L—iPSC line from PD patient with mutation in PARK2 gene; IPSRG2L and IPSFF1S—iPSC lines from healthy donor; IPSPDL2.6S—iPSC line from PD patient with mutation in PARK8 gene. (B)—results of analysis of neuronal populations for TH expression presented in graphical view (n = 1–4). The bars represent the mean ± SEM. | PMC10139404 | ijms-24-07297-g005.jpg |
0.4525 | 285455d97a104109931e6d1f84023811 | Cell cycle analysis by flow cytometry. (A)—distribution of cells by phases of the cell cycle for neurons on day 65 of differentiation generated from IPSRG2L line obtained from a healthy donor (left), from IPSPDL2.15L line obtained from PD patient with mutation in PARK8 gene (middle), from IPSPDP1.5L line obtained from PD patient with mutation in PARK2 gene (right). (B)—the histogram shows the proportion of cells in G1, S and G2 phases of the cell cycle. Statistical data are shown in Table S1. | PMC10139404 | ijms-24-07297-g006.jpg |
0.531535 | 367cfc54fa724779ae75377bd4911ac4 | Depolarization-induced calcium influx in iPSC-derived DAns. (A)—average fluorescence amplitudes of calcium dye Fura-2 AM in DAns derived from PD patients (IPSPDL1.6S, blue line) and (IPSPDL2.6S, green line) with point mutation G2019S in PARK8 gene and healthy donors (IPSRG4S, black line) and (IPSFF1S, red line). The calcium influx was evoked by the application of 65 mM KCl that caused membrane depolarization and consequent calcium entry through voltage-gated channels. The curves are represented as mean ± SEM. (B)—average I–V curves of normalized voltage-gated calcium currents in DAns specific for PD patients (IPSPDL1.6S, blue line and IPSPDL2.6S, green line) and healthy donors (IPSRG4S, black line and IPSFF1S, red line). The number of experiments is depicted in panel (C). (C)—average amplitudes of voltage-gated calcium currents at the potential of 0 mV in DAns specific for PD patients (IPSPDL1.6S, blue bar) and (IPSPDL2.6S, green bar) and healthy donors (IPSRG4S, black bar) and (IPSFF1S, red bar). The amplitudes are represented as mean ± SEM (n = number of single-cell experiments), n.s. indicates the absence of statistically significant differences (p > 0.05). | PMC10139404 | ijms-24-07297-g007.jpg |
0.443487 | 4bb5ce8fc7c24452b1a4968817850e43 | PCA plot of comparing samples in 7 datasets. Samples mostly cluster according to their cell type. | PMC10139404 | ijms-24-07297-g008.jpg |
0.393384 | f4b98666aee54cb0b22ad9fd2e9f21fa | Expression levels of markers of mature neurons, midbrain DAn as well as A9 and A10 subtypes of DAn in comparison between datasets. (A)—neuronal maturity markers; presents the genes responsible for the functioning of synaptic transmission (SYP, SYNPO, SNAP25, VAMP2, SYT1) and the cytoskeleton (MAP2). (B)—midbrain DAn markers (TH, FOXA2, LMX1A, LMX1B, OTX2), A9 subtype DAn marker (KCNJ6) and A10 subtype DAns marker (CALB1). | PMC10139404 | ijms-24-07297-g009.jpg |
0.438991 | 7c26602f6f6b4ac58451456a02ab1b97 | Expression levels of markers of vulnerable DAn subtype and resistant DAn subtype in comparison between datasets. | PMC10139404 | ijms-24-07297-g010.jpg |
0.450764 | d5110e86e5c7420892f234e246f5e05a | CALB1/TH and SOX6/TH ratio as an indirect assessment of the proportion of resistant and sensitive cells in the DAn cultures in comparison between datasets. | PMC10139404 | ijms-24-07297-g011.jpg |
0.549953 | fdb7944cf7494309916b169478175266 | Store-operated calcium entry in iPSCs-derived dopaminergic neurons. (A)—Normalized SOC currents evoked by application of thapsigargin (1 μM) and represented as a function of time at a test potential of −80 mV in iPSC-based DAns specific to PD patients (IPSPDL1.6S, blue line and IPSPDL2.6S, green line) and healthy donors (IPSRG4S, black line and IPSFF1S, red line). Each trace is represented as mean ± SEM. (B)—Average I–V curves of normalized SOC currents evoked by the passive depletion of calcium stores with thapsigargin (1 μM) in iPSC-based DAns specific to PD patients (IPSPDL1.6S, blue line and IPSPDL2.6S, green line) and healthy donors (IPSRG4S, black line and IPSFF1S, red line). The I–V curves were plotted at the steady-state level of the SOC currents. The number of experiments is depicted in panel (C). (C)—Average amplitudes of the normalized SOC currents at the potential of −80 mV in DAns specific to PD patients (IPSPDL1.6S, blue bar and IPSPDL2.6S, green bar) and healthy donors (IPSRG4S, black bar and IPSFF1S, red bar). The amplitudes are represented as mean ± SEM (n = number of single-cell experiments), n.s. indicates the absence of statistically significant differences (p > 0.05). Asterisk indicates statistically significant differences (p < 0.05). | PMC10139404 | ijms-24-07297-g012.jpg |
0.428834 | e55dd51db1624a8da34754ea50cf58e2 | Expression of genes associated with the electrophysiological activity in setloc dataset. DAns differentiated from IPSFF1S represent “Control”, DAns differentiated from IPSPDL2.6S (mutation G2019S in LRRK2) represent ”PD”. | PMC10139404 | ijms-24-07297-g013.jpg |
0.465772 | b4242feed034479abd09dde60dc4e69e | Receiver operator characteristic curve for demographic factors, HIV awareness variables, child sexual abuse in hierarchical logistic regression models predicting condomless anal intercourse (N=247). | PMC10140497 | fpsyg-14-1057225-g001.jpg |
0.470109 | 9239ffbe745941b9a3cabd7d75484842 | Receiver operator characteristic curve for demographic factors, HIV awareness variables, child sexual abuse in hierarchical logistic regression models predicting multiple sexual partners (N=247). | PMC10140497 | fpsyg-14-1057225-g002.jpg |
0.485465 | 19e597aab5c74ebea742060dac2707f4 | Effects of CGA on ileum morphology of broilers under HD stress. ND group, normal stocking density + basal diet; ND + CGA group, normal stocking density + basal diet +0.15% CGA; HD group, high stocking density + basal diet; HD + CGA group, high stocking density + basal diet +0.15% CGA. Scale bar = 100 µm. | PMC10140557 | fphys-14-1169375-g001.jpg |
0.40503 | 9468a969a14e41a88e451731ce5eb3b3 | Effects of CGA on ileum mRNA expression of tight junction genes in broilers under HD stress. ND group, normal stocking density + basal diet; ND + CGA group, normal stocking density + basal diet +0.15% CGA; HD group, high stocking density + basal diet; HD + CGA group, high stocking density + basal diet +0.15% CGA. (A) Relative mRNA expression at day 28. (B) Relative mRNA expression at day 35. (C) Relative mRNA expression at day 42. Each vertical bar represents the mean ± SEM (n = 10). Values with different letters within the same row are indicative of statistically significant differences (p < 0.05, Tukey’s HSD test after one-way ANOVA). | PMC10140557 | fphys-14-1169375-g002.jpg |
0.436691 | 992e80d9708f462fb6c7a5656fc4a5c0 | Effects of CGA on ileum mRNA expression of immune factors in broilers under HD stress. ND group, normal stocking density + basal diet; ND + CGA group, normal stocking density + basal diet +0.15% CGA; HD group, high stocking density + basal diet; HD + CGA group, high stocking density + basal diet +0.15% CGA. (A) Relative mRNA expression at day 28. (B) Relative mRNA expression at day 35. (C) Relative mRNA expression at day 42. Each vertical bar represents the mean ± SEM (n = 10). Values with different letters within the same row are indicative of statistically significant differences (p < 0.05, Tukey’s HSD test after one-way ANOVA). | PMC10140557 | fphys-14-1169375-g003.jpg |
0.460639 | 871cea9441764c9bb1c73b20840df447 | The impact of CGA consumption on the bacterial population in the ileum of chickens from the ND, HD, ND CGA, and HD CGA groups. (A) Venn diagram showing unique and shared numbers of genera predicted. (B) Rarefaction Curve. (C) Two-dimensional OTU abundance based principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) of ileac microbiota. D-F. CGA was found to increase caecal microbial alpha diversity as measured by Simpson and Chao1 indicators. (G) Microbial composition at the phylum level. (H) Microbial composition at the genus level. (I-J) Leaf and bar plots obtained by linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) analysis showed differences in the abundance of broiler fecal microbes. (K) A graphical representation of the range of species present in the top twenty genera in each sample. Pink represents positive correlation and blue indicates negative correlation. (L-M) COG functional classification and differences in COG abundance. | PMC10140557 | fphys-14-1169375-g004.jpg |
0.45107 | 2da78433a4ce42aaab6deba00966a795 | Systematic analysis of the effects of dietary chlorogenic acid on inflammatory index, intestinal barrier function and intestinal microflora in broilers under high stocking density stress. | PMC10140557 | fphys-14-1169375-g005.jpg |
0.437917 | d76120dda74444b09573f7585ec62262 | Plasma metabolite (A) and phospholipid fatty acid (B) Profiles after participants consumed the soybean oil (SO) and partially-hydrogenated soybean oil (PHSO) enriched diets. *, p < 0.01. | PMC10140885 | metabolites-13-00474-g001.jpg |
0.43455 | c0e217a800d3476f83fe4a2c08134768 | Lipid pathway analysis after participants consumed the soybean oil (SO) and partially-hydrogenated soybean oil (PHSO) enriched diets. The biosynthesis of phosphatidylcholine (PC) from DG and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) was upregulated after participants consumed the PHSO-enriched diet rather than the SO-enriched diet. Z scores over three were considered significant pathways. | PMC10140885 | metabolites-13-00474-g002.jpg |
0.400405 | 318c61ce871e452c86f1d28e5b619fa5 | TRIM28 inhibits renal cell carcinoma cell proliferation.A, TRIM28 was overexpressed in Caki-1 or ACHN cells. Cell proliferation was measured with cell counting. Shown are relative proliferation fold over 7 days. Error bars denote standard deviation of four biological replicates. p Values were calculated from Student's t test. B, a total of 1000 control or TRIM28-OE Caki-1 and ACHN cells were seeded into 3.5-cm dishes. Fourteen days later, cell colonies were fixed and stained with crystal violet as shown. C, a total of 5∗10∧6 control or TRIM28-OE Caki-1 cells were inoculated to the flanks of immunodeficient NOG mice. Shown are the tumor growth curve. p Value was calculated from two-way ANOVA. | PMC10141522 | gr1.jpg |
0.419159 | 2736507ad37c42b9a7116102b1a0335c | TRIM28 inhibits renal cell carcinoma cell proliferation through retarded autophagy.A, Myc-TRIM28 was overexpressed by lentivirus transduction to get TRIM28 overexpression (OE) cells. Whole cell extract (WCE) of control and TRIM28-OE Caki-1 cells were analyzed with Western blot (WB). Shown on the left are WB results. Shown on the right is densitometry analysis for P62 and LC3-II levels from three biological replicates. Level shown represents the relative ratio between P62 or LC3-II and ACTIN from the same sample. Error bars denote standard deviation, and p values were calculated from Student's t test. B, shown are WB results for WCE of control and TRIM28-Knockdown (KD) Caki-1 cells. C, control or TRIM28-KD Caki-1 cells were treated with 20 μM HCQ for 8 h. WCE were then analyzed with WB as indicated. D, Myc-tagged TRIM28 was overexpressed in Caki-1 cells stably expressing GFP-LC3. Cells were fixed and nuclei were counterstained with DAPI. Shown on the left are cell photos from fluorescent microscopy (the scale bar represents 10 μm). Shown on the right is statistical analysis for number of GFP-LC3 puncta in each cell with mean and standard deviation shown in red horizontal bars (37 cells in Ctrl, 33 cells in OE). p Value was calculated from Student's t test. E, Myc-tagged TRIM28 were overexpressed in Caki-1 cells stably expressing GFP-LC3. WCE was then analyzed with WB as indicated. F, TRIM28 was knocked down in Caki-1 cells stably expressing GFP-LC3. WCE were then analyzed with WB as indicated. G, control and TRIM28-OE Caki-1 cells were analyzed with transmission electron microscopy. Shown on the left are representative pictures where the red arrowhead denotes autophagosome and the blue arrowhead denotes lysosome (the scale bar represents 2 μm). Shown on the right is statistical analysis for number of autophagosomes and autolysosomes in each photo with mean and standard deviation shown in red horizontal bars (21 cells in each group). p Value was calculated from Student's t test. H, control or TRIM28-OE Caki-1 cells were treated with 20 μM HCQ for 7 days. Shown are relative proliferation fold over the same period as examined by cell counting. I, Myc-tagged TRIM28 was overexpressed in control or ATG3-KO cells. Cell proliferation was analyzed with cell counting, and WCE was analyzed with WB. Shown on the left is relative proliferation fold over 7 days. Shown on the right are WB results. J, WCE of control and TRIM28-OE Caki-1 cells were analyzed with WB. Shown on the left are blot images. Shown on the right is densitometry analysis for p-S6K level from three biological replicates. p-S6K level is presented as the relative ratio between p-S6K and ACTIN. Error bars denote standard deviation of three technical replicates. p Values were calculated from Student's t test. K, WCE of control and TRIM28-KD Caki-1 cells were analyzed with WB. Shown on the left are blot images. Shown on the right is densitometry analysis for p-S6K level from three biological replicates. p-S6K level is presented as the relative ratio between p-S6K and ACTIN. Error bars denote standard deviation of three technical replicates. p Values were calculated from Student's t test. | PMC10141522 | gr2.jpg |
0.458137 | 6bac9f74497a44c0967ef5b9f14911ee | TRIM28 decreases autophagic gene expression through downregulating TFE3 protein level.A, shown are real-time RT-PCR results for relative mRNA level of indicated genes in control and TRIM28-KD Caki-1 cells. Error bars denote standard deviation of three technical replicates. p Values were calculated from Student's t test. B, whole cell extracts (WCEs) of control and TRIM28-KD Caki-1 cells were analyzed with Western blot (WB). Shown on the left are blot images. Shown on the right is densitometry analysis for TFE3 level from WB of three biological replicates. TFE3 level is presented as the relative ratio between TFE3 and ACTIN. Error bars denote standard deviation of three technical replicates. p Values were calculated from Student's t test. C, WCE of control, TRIM28-KD, and TRIM28 rescue-expressing Caki-1 cells were analyzed with WB. Shown on the left are blot images. Shown on the right is densitometry analysis for TFE3 level from three biological replicates. TFE3 level is presented as the relative ratio between TFE3 and ACTIN. Error bars denote standard deviation of three technical replicates. p Values were calculated from Student's t test. D, WCE of control and TRIM28-OE Caki-1 cells were analyzed with WB. E, Myc-tagged TRIM28 was overexpressed in Caki-1 or ACHN cells. TFE3 enrichment on WIPI2 gene promoter was then analyzed with chromatin immunoprecipitation followed with real-time PCR. Error bars denote standard deviation of three technical replicates. p Values were calculated from Student's t test. F, TFE3 was knocked down in control or TRIM28-OE Caki-1 cells. Shown are real-time RT-PCR results for relative mRNA level of WIPI2. Error bars denote standard deviation of three technical replicates. p Values were calculated from one-way ANOVA. G, TFE3 was knocked down in control and TRIM28-OE Caki-1 cells. Cell proliferation was then analyzed with cell counting. Shown is relative proliferation fold over 7 days. Error bars denote standard deviation of four biological replicates. p Values were calculated from one-way ANOVA with correction for multiple comparison. | PMC10141522 | gr3.jpg |
0.470712 | 5f62650174b34888a99272ee3f29ad35 | TRIM28 promotes ubiquitination-proteasome-mediated degradation of TFE3.A, control and TRIM28-KD cells were treated with 25 μg/ml cycloheximide (Chx) for indicated time. Whole cell extracts (WCEs) were analyzed with Western blot (WB). Shown on the left are WB images. Shown on the right is densitometry analysis of TFE3 level from WB of three biological replicates. TFE3 level was presented as the relative ratio between TFE3 and ACTIN. Error bars denote standard deviation and p values were calculated from two-way ANOVA. B, Caki-1 and ACHN cells were treated with 25 μM MG132 or 20 μM HCQ for 8 h. WCEs were analyzed with WB. C, control or TRIM28-KD Caki-1 cells were treated with 25 μM MG132 for 8 h. WCEs were analyzed with WB. Shown on the left are blot images. Shown on the right is densitometry analysis of TFE3 levels from three biological replicates. TFE3 level is presented as the relative ratio between TFE3 and ACTIN. Error bars denote standard deviation of three biological replicates. p Values were calculated from one-way ANOVA. D, FLAG-TFE3, HA-Ub, and Myc-TRIM28 were cotransfected into 293T cells. Forty-eight hours later, cells were collected for immunoprecipitation WB analysis. Shown on the left are WB images. Shown on the right is densitometry analysis of TFE3 ubiquitination level from WB for three biological replicates. TFE3 ubiquitination level is presented as the relative ratio between ubiquitination and immunoprecipitated FLAG signal. Error bars denote standard deviation. p Values were calculated from Student's t test. E, endogenous TFE3 was immunoprecipitated from control or TRIM28-KD Caki-1 cells followed by WB analysis. Shown on the left are WB images. Shown on the right is densitometry analysis of TFE3 ubiquitination level from WB for three biological replicates. TFE3 ubiquitination level is presented as the relative ratio between ubiquitination and immunoprecipitated TFE3 signal. Error bars denote standard deviation of three biological replicates. p Values were calculated from Student's t test. F, FLAG-TFE3, HA-Ub, and Myc-TRIM28 (WT for wildtype or C/A for C65A/C68A) were cotransfected into 293T cells as indicated. Forty-eight hours later, cells were collected for immunoprecipitation WB analysis. Shown on the left are WB images. Shown on the right is densitometry analysis of FLAG-TFE3 ubiquitination level from WB for three biological replicates. FLAG-TFE3 ubiquitination level is presented as the relative ratio between ubiquitination and immunoprecipitated FLAG signal. Error bars denote standard deviation of three biological replicates. p Values were calculated from one-way ANOVA. G, Myc-tagged TRIM28 wildtype (WT) or inactive C65A/C68A mutant (C/A) was overexpressed in Caki-1. WCEs were analyzed with WB. H, proliferation of the same cells as in (G) was analyzed with cell counting. Shown are relative proliferation fold over 7 days. Error bars denote standard deviation of four biological replicates. p Values were calculated from one-way ANOVA. I, a total of 1000 TRIM28 wildtype (WT) or inactive C65A/C68A mutant (C/A) cells were seeded into 3.5-cm dishes. Fourteen days later, cell colonies were fixed and stained with crystal violet. | PMC10141522 | gr4.jpg |
0.470112 | b757dd3160d540e3abf8b481901b7e35 | TFE3 localizes to renal cell carcinoma cell nucleus.A, immunostaining for TRIM28 in control and TRIM28-KD cells (the scale bar represents 20 μm). Shown on the left are photos from fluorescent microscopy. Shown on the right is a summary of the cytoplasm/nucleus ratio of TRIM28 staining signal in each cell with mean and standard deviation shown in red horizontal bars (26 cells for Caki-1, 28 cells for ACHN). B, Caki-1 and ACHN cells were fractionated into cytoplasm and nuclear fractions. Fractions were analyzed with Western blot. GAPDH serves marker for cytoplasm while Histone H3 serves as marker for nuclei. C, cells were treated with Earle’s balanced salt solution (EBSS) for 4 h and then analyzed with immunostaining with nuclei counterstained with DAPI. TFE3-KD cells were included to show signal specificity. Shown on the left are photos from fluorescent microscopy (the scale bar represents 20 μm). Shown on the right is a summary of the cytoplasm/nucleus ratio of TFE3 staining signal in each cell with mean and standard deviation shown in red horizontal bars (for Caki-1: n = 28 cells for ctrl, 31 cells for EBSS; for ACHN: n = 45 cells for ctrl, 32 cells for EBSS). D, control or Tfe3-KD RENCA cells were analyzed with immunostaining and Western blot. Shown on the left are photos from fluorescent microscopy (the scale bar represents 20 μm). In the middle is a summary of the cytoplasm/nucleus ratio of Tfe3 staining signal in each cell with mean and standard deviation shown in red horizontal bars (n = 35 cells for Ctrl). Shown on the right are Western blot results. E, xenografts from control and Tfe3-KD RENCA cells were analyzed with immunostaining. The left panel shows photos from fluorescent microscopy (the scale bar represents 10 μm). On the right is a summary of the background/nucleus ratio of Tfe3 staining signal with mean and standard deviation shown in red horizontal bars (n = 20 cell for Ctrl, 23 cells for KD). p Value was calculated from Student's t test. F, immunostaining for TFE3 in noncancerous human kidney frozen section (the scale bar represents 20 μm). Inserts framed in white are further magnified at the bottom (the scale bar represents 5 μm). | PMC10141522 | gr5.jpg |
0.396413 | f955ceb805c9418095d59282ea87ead0 | TFE3 promotes renal cell carcinoma cell autophagy and proliferation.A, proliferation of control or TFE3-KD Caki-1 cells was analyzed by cell counting. Shown is relative proliferation fold over 7 days. Error bars denote standard deviation of four biological replicates. p Values were calculated from Student's t test. B, a total of 1000 control or TFE3-KD Caki-1 cells were seeded into 3.5-cm dishes. Cell colonies were stained with crystal violet 14 days later. C, a total of 5∗10∧6 control or TFE3-KD Caki-1 cells were inoculated subcutaneously to flanks of NOG mice. Shown are proliferation curve of xenograft tumors. Error bars denote standard deviation of five mice. p Value was calculated with two-way ANOVA. D, a total of 2∗10∧6 control or Tfe3-KD RENCA cells were inoculated subcutaneously to flanks of BALB/c mice. Shown are proliferation curves of xenograft tumors. Error bars denote standard deviation of seven mice. p Value was calculated with two-way ANOVA. E, TFE3 was knocked down in Caki-1 cells. Whole cell extracts (WCEs) were analyzed with Western blot (WB). F, TFE3 was knocked down in Caki-1 cells stably expressing GFP-LC3. WCEs were analyzed with WB. G, TFE3 was knocked down in Caki-1 cells stably expressing GFP-LC3. Cells were then analyzed with fluorescent microscopy with nuclei counterstained with DAPI. On the left are photos from fluorescent microscopy (the scale bar represents 10 μm). On the right is a summary of the GFP-LC3 puncta number in each cell with mean and standard deviation shown in red horizontal bars (n = 42 cells in ctrl, 40 cells in KD1, 38 cells in KD2). p Values were calculated from Student's t test. H, TFE3 was knocked down in Caki-1 cells. Cells were then analyzed with transmission electron microscopy. Shown on the left are TEM images (the scale bar represents 2 μm) where the red arrowhead denotes emptied lysosome and the blue arrowhead denotes autophagosome. Shown on the right is statistical analysis of autophagosome/autolysosome number in each cell with mean and standard deviation shown in red horizontal bars (23 cells in ctrl, 20 cells in KD1, 21 cells in KD2). p Values were calculated from Student's t test. I, TFE3 was knocked down in Caki-1 cells. WCEs were analyzed with WB. J, TFE3 was knocked down in control or ATG3-KO Caki-1 cells. Cell proliferation was examined by cell counting. Shown are relative folds of proliferation over 7 days. Error bars denote standard deviation of four biological replicates. p Values were calculated from one-way ANOVA with correction for multiple comparison. | PMC10141522 | gr6.jpg |
0.408521 | 15c21fdcf96844f79fcc8ee28bba6c97 | TFE3 recruits KDM6A to autophagic gene promoters.A, KDM6A enrichment on indicated gene promoters was analyzed with chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) followed by real-time PCR for control or KDM6A-KD Caki-1 cells. Error bars denote standard deviation of three technical replicates. p Values were calculated from Student's t test. B, Myc-KDM6A and FLAG-TFE3 were coexpressed in 293T cells. Cells were then lysed 48 h later for coimmunoprecipitation Western blot (WB) assay. Input denotes 1% input. C, interaction between endogenous KDM6A and TFE3 in Caki-1 cells was analyzed with coimmunoprecipitation WB assay. Input denotes 1% input. D, shown is the ChIP-reChIP result for the colocalization of TFE3 and KDM6A on WIPI2 promoter in Caki-1 cells. TFE3 antibody and KDM6A antibody were used in the first and second rounds of ChIP, respectively. Error bars denote standard deviation of three technical replicates. p Values were calculated from Student's t test. E, control or TFE3-KD cells were analyzed with ChIP and WB. On the left, KDM6A enrichment on indicated gene promoters was analyzed with ChIP followed by real-time PCR. Error bars denote standard deviation of three technical replicates. p Values were calculated from Student's t test. Shown on the right is WB for whole cell extracts. F, control or TRIM28-OE cells were analyzed with ChIP and WB. On the left, KDM6A enrichment on WIPI2 promoter was analyzed with ChIP followed by real-time PCR. Error bars denote standard deviation of three technical replicates, and p value was calculated from Student's t test. Shown on the right is WB for whole cell extracts. | PMC10141522 | gr7.jpg |
0.41011 | cc3f95862ce14bb1925e4430abb8c141 | KDM6A promotes autophagic gene expression through H3K4 methylation.A, whole cell extracts of control or KDM6A-KD Caki-1 cells were analyzed with Western blot (WB). B, KDM6A was knocked down in Caki-1 cells stably expressing GFP-LC3. Shown on the left are photos from fluorescent microscopy with nuclei counterstained with DAPI (the scale bar represents 10 μm). Shown on the right is statistical analysis for GFP-LC3 puncta number in each cell with mean and standard deviation shown in red horizontal bars (n = 42 in ctrl, 44 in KD1, 45 in KD2). p Values were calculated from Student's t test. C, KDM6A was knocked down in Caki-1 cells stably expressing GFP-LC3. Whole cell extracts were then analyzed with WB. D, control or KDM6A-KD Caki-1 cells were analyzed with real-time RT-PCR. Shown are relative mRNA levels of indicated genes. Error bars denote standard deviation of three technical replicates. p Values were calculated from Student's t test. E, KDM6A was knocked down in Caki-1 cells and then KDM6A wildtype (WT) or inactive mutant (DN) was rescue-expressed. Cells were analyzed with real-time RT-PCR or WB. Shown on the left are relative mRNA levels of indicated genes as measured by real-time RT-PCR. Error bars denote standard deviation of three technical replicates. p Values were calculated from one-way ANOVA with correction for multiple comparison. Shown on the right are WB results. F and G, H3K4me3 enrichment on indicated genes was analyzed with chromatin immunoprecipitation followed with real-time PCR in control and KDM6A-KD (F) or TFE3-KD (G) Caki-1 cells. Error bars denote standard deviation of three technical replicates. p Values were calculated from Student's t test. H and I, MLL3 enrichment on indicated genes was analyzed with chromatin immunoprecipitation followed with real-time PCR in control and KDM6A-KD (H) or TFE3-KD (I) Caki-1 cells. Error bars denote standard deviation of three technical replicates. p Values were calculated from Student's t test. | PMC10141522 | gr8.jpg |
0.426446 | ef5d210d5dd049a79bb46e4497ed56bd | Working model. In renal cell carcinoma cells, TRIM28 could promote ubiquitination and degradation of TFE3, leading to decreased autophagy and cell proliferation. Otherwise, TFE3 accumulates in the cell nucleus, where it interacts with and recruits KDM6A to autophagic genes to increase local H3K4me3 and gene expression, leading to increased autophagy and cell proliferation in renal cell carcinoma. | PMC10141522 | gr9.jpg |
0.422849 | ec91d412ef6646af89e541137f0a2e3c | Literature impact on the RA-LAM association and relevant study areas and publication varieties highlighted via Boolean search tools in large databases. RA, rheumatoid arthritis; LAM, lymphangioleiomyomatosis. | PMC10141996 | jpm-13-00607-g001.jpg |
0.436511 | 4dd6eaa01672489fae17b38834e6d0b5 | (a). Bilateral AP hand radiography. Radiological imaging identified multiple marginal erosions; narrowing of the proximal and distal interphalangeal, metacarpophalangeal, carpo-metacarpal, and carpal bone joints in both hands; osteoporosis in the band; subluxation proximal interphalangeal II, III, IV, and V of the left hand; proximal interphalangeal IV and V of the right hand, and metacarpophalangeal IV and V of the right hand. (b). Hyper vascular synovial pannus (directional power Doppler). (c). Synovial pannus and bone erosion (directional power Doppler). (d). Hyper vascular synovial pannus (microvascular flow). (e). Tenosynovitis extensor tendons of the fingers (microvascular flow). (f). Synovial pannus radial extensor of the carpus and ulnar extensor of the carpus. (g). Synovial pannus at the MTF I joint level (microvascular flow). (Images archive of the first author). | PMC10141996 | jpm-13-00607-g002.jpg |
0.514779 | 03a789baa931460faed5e623d2a4c7ef | Chest radiography. (a). PA lung grapy. (b). Lateral lung grapy. Yellow arrows indicate the problem areas. (Images archive of the first author). | PMC10141996 | jpm-13-00607-g003.jpg |
0.437916 | 167e7702df6049a1955642a442bcae24 | Infrahilar axial section. Polymorphous bilateral pulmonary appearance with marked augmentation with thickening of irregularly shaped interstitial septa and local pulmonary tractions. Yellow arrows indicate the problem areas. (Computed tomography scan of the lungs from the archive of the first author). | PMC10141996 | jpm-13-00607-g004.jpg |
0.391342 | 8c02716205144c95991b277454528437 | Highly accentuated bilaterally symmetric reticulo-micronodular peri broncho vascular interstitium with marked thickening of the interlobular septa and ground-glass images in the context of pulmonary lymphangitis and extensive pulmonary fibrosis changes. (a): Section in the floor of the pulmonary hilum; (b): reconstruction through the floor of the pulmonary hilum. Yellow arrows indicate the problem areas. (Computed tomography scan of the lungs from the archive of the first author). | PMC10141996 | jpm-13-00607-g005.jpg |
0.463629 | 6d0e79d984dd4bddbcf45aef0be029da | Histopathological modifications in a patient with LAM and RA (images archive of the first author). SMA positive (a). on the described nodular areas; CD34 positive (b). on the wallpaper of the collapsed cystic spaces. (Images archive of the first author). | PMC10141996 | jpm-13-00607-g006.jpg |
0.447395 | faf035cc93084824aba1690ba0af19d6 | Description of shared processes in RA and LAM. | PMC10141996 | jpm-13-00607-g007.jpg |
0.377863 | ec5498743624433e98980baf0aa89166 | Variations in the total protein content in the mutant population and amino acid distribution in BTx623. (A) Variation in the total protein content and number of mutant lines. (B) Composition of amino acids in the total protein of BTx623. Control line (BTx623) is indicated by a red bar in each panel. | PMC10142022 | plants-12-01662-g001.jpg |
0.412818 | 15d33139623249d490804b5f997e4bbd | Mutant lines with various concentrations of the essential amino acids, histidine (A), isoleucine (B), leucine (C), methionine (D), lysine (E), valine (F), threonine (G), tryptophan (H), and phenylalanine (I). The x value indicates g/100 g of dry seed sample. Total protein was extracted from 100 g of seeds and the amino acids were quantified. Control line (BTx623) is indicated by a red bar in each panel. | PMC10142022 | plants-12-01662-g002.jpg |
0.414681 | e4c98965406844b685430b3a491d1e98 | Mutant lines with various concentrations of the non-essential amino acids, glutamic acid (A), alanine (B), proline (C), aspartic acid (D), serine (E), arginine (F), tyrosine (G), cysteine (H), and glycine (I). The x value indicates g/100 g of dry seed sample. Total protein was extracted from 100 g of seeds and the amino acids were quantified. Control line (BTx623) is indicated by a red bar in each panel. | PMC10142022 | plants-12-01662-g003.jpg |
0.377669 | a8aea08d7ba546cdbd7c2e0a6f0c3acd | Variability in the kernel structure, composition, and starch content in five ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) mutant sorghum lines and controls (BTx623). | PMC10142022 | plants-12-01662-g004.jpg |
0.449885 | 33877462298148d0ad214ab572a997da | Correlations between the concentrations of amino acids (%), taurine (A), hydroxyproline (B), aspartic acid (C), threonine (D), serine (E), glutamic acid (F), proline (G), lanthionine (H), glycine (I), alanine (J), cysteine (K), valine (L), methionine (M), isoleucine (N), leucine (O), tyrosine (P), phenylalanine (Q), hydroxylysine (R), ornithine (S), lysine (T), histidine (U), arginine (V), and tryptophan (W), and the total protein concentration (g/100 g of seeds) in the seeds of mutant lines. Each point indicates the amino acid concentration in each mutant line. The r value represents the Pearson correlation. | PMC10142022 | plants-12-01662-g005.jpg |
0.521689 | 534ba62b4b814bac9e8937fc67826bec | Study flow. Abbreviations: CT, computed tomography; ECG, electrocardiogram; Hs-TnI, high-sensitivity troponin I; hs-TnT, high-sensitivity troponin T; ICI, immune checkpoint inhibitor; irAE, immune-related adverse event; NT-proBNP, N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide; sAE, severe adverse event; SOC, standard of care. | PMC10142365 | pharmaceuticals-16-00625-g001.jpg |
0.467485 | 9c688be44f3a4e689fa04bef9e3421a2 | Optical microscopy image of the lidocaine:l-menthol (A); and lidocaine:dl-menthol (B) cocrystals. | PMC10142540 | pharmaceutics-15-01102-g001.jpg |
0.440819 | 95e3baf4558c4f499708eef10a9ccd72 | X-ray patterns obtained for the lidocaine:l-menthol cocrystal (upper spectrum), and the lidocaine:dl-menthol cocrystal (lower spectrum) at 22 °C. | PMC10142540 | pharmaceutics-15-01102-g002.jpg |
0.461931 | 82f3223c526045b3af0ea4743a02b9ab | Crystal structure of the lidocaine:dl-menthol cocrystal. Hydrogen bonds are indicated by dashed cyan lines. | PMC10142540 | pharmaceutics-15-01102-g003.jpg |
0.428453 | c601e97461a7424198b872b5aabfef32 | Infrared spectra obtained for the l- (left column, red curves) and dl-menthol-based (right column, red curves) cocrystals. Infrared spectra for lidocaine (blue curves) and menthol (green curves, i.e., l- and dl-menthol in the left and right columns, respectively) have been presented for comparison. The curves have been shifted for clarity. (A,D), (B,E), and (C,F): spectra in the 3600–2800, 1700–1400, and 1300–600 cm−1 wavenumber regions, respectively. The most important peak attributions are proposed on the curves with, the related wavenumber proposed in brackets in cm−1. | PMC10142540 | pharmaceutics-15-01102-g004.jpg |
0.473694 | b1f921df55b34d7fbedfee2d3057b6da | (A) Differential scanning calorimetry thermograms obtained for pure compounds, namely dl-menthol (···, bottom curve), Lido:dlM 1:1 stoichiometric compound (···, middle curve), and lidocaine (···, top curve), for dl-menthol/Lido:dlM mixtures (–, the 4 bottom curves), and for Lido:dlM/lidocaine mixtures (–, the 2 top curves). The lidocaine molar ratio, x, is indicated for each sample. Endothermic transformations give signals which point up. (B) Related stable Lido:dlM phase diagram. The experimental data (full circles. The solidus and liquidus points are represented in blue and red, respectively) and the ideal behavior (dotted line) determined with the Schröder-van Laar relation are shown. | PMC10142540 | pharmaceutics-15-01102-g005.jpg |
0.43637 | e6e55417171e414bbe830692d80cf3f5 | Thermogravimetric curves obtained for the Lido:dlM (red solid line), Lido:lM (green solid line), and Lido:dM (blue solid line) cocrystals. For comparison, the data were also collected for pure lidocaine (black solid line), racemic (red dotted line), levo- (green dotted line), and dextro- menthol (blue dotted line). Uncertainties: Δx = 0.6 °C, and Δy = 0.4%. | PMC10142540 | pharmaceutics-15-01102-g006.jpg |
0.436301 | f3c0d6c09de04a768221feb81666ed56 | 1H NMR spectrum of the lidocaine/dl-menthol system after solubilization of the Lido:dlM cocrystal in D2O for 24 h. x axis: chemical shift δ in ppm (part per million), y axis: integral (number of proton) in relative unit. The red curves correspond to the integration peak: The height of the curve is proportional to the number of protons. | PMC10142540 | pharmaceutics-15-01102-g007.jpg |
0.393124 | 76837e5097994b8189c8b680edb1caff | Density measurement as a function of the lidocaine content in lidocaine (A); Lido:lM cocrystal (B); and Lido:dlM cocrystal (C) solubilized in phosphate buffer. | PMC10142540 | pharmaceutics-15-01102-g008.jpg |
0.368491 | a02ee3e6b529438a9ffe719b06d9247c | Top-view and cross-sectional SEM micrographs of simple and doped fish bone (FB) and seashell (SS)-derived hydroxyapatite thin films. Magnification bars: 2 µm (top-view) and 200 nm (cross-section). | PMC10142946 | pharmaceutics-15-01294-g001.jpg |
0.411286 | 992f45a57e7942889363e0439f01b8f1 | The value of the Ca/P ratio in the case of simple and doped FB (a) and SS (b) thin films. | PMC10142946 | pharmaceutics-15-01294-g002.jpg |
0.427891 | a04016e436544b438716af1168b5f6a2 | Comparison of the X-ray diffractograms recorded for the FB and SS source target materials (collected in Bragg–Brentano geometry) and of the simple and doped FB and SS thin films (collected in grazing incidence geometry). Symbols: —hydroxyapatite; ▼—β-tricalcium phosphate; ■—titanium; ◯—TiO). | PMC10142946 | pharmaceutics-15-01294-g003.jpg |
0.426831 | 28cddccb2eaa4f09aa640153d8bac660 | FTIR-ATR spectra of simple and doped FB (a) and SS (b) thin films. | PMC10142946 | pharmaceutics-15-01294-g004.jpg |
0.462426 | ce73ef7a80eb4216a3913fd27ee1a8c2 | The contact angle values inferred in the case of Ti and simple and doped FB (a,b) and SS (c,d) thin films. Test liquids were water (a,c), and diiodomethane (b,d). | PMC10142946 | pharmaceutics-15-01294-g005.jpg |
0.429177 | 76dee3ef9cf04c2f911bb1e5bc326db3 | The values of the surface free energy calculated for Ti and simple and doped FB (a) and SS (b) thin films (γd—hatched region, γp—grey region). | PMC10142946 | pharmaceutics-15-01294-g006.jpg |
0.410637 | 7e404ceae78243e59f652d50fbcc10b9 | The adherence values at the film–Ti substrate interface for simple and doped FB (a) and SS (b) thin films. | PMC10142946 | pharmaceutics-15-01294-g007.jpg |
0.456855 | b830a880a1804cca8fc1964f92e27807 | SEM images of the surface of the simple and doped FB- and SS-based thin films before and after testing in the complete DMEM-FBS solution for different time intervals (3, 7, and 28 days). Magnification bar: 500 nm. | PMC10142946 | pharmaceutics-15-01294-g008.jpg |
0.489677 | dc08e0af2bac4e009f3191da8473e96c | SEM images of the simple and doped FB- and SS-based thin films immersed in SBF for 30 days. Magnification bar: 500 nm. | PMC10142946 | pharmaceutics-15-01294-g009.jpg |
0.447793 | d645074d70ed4afb81d2495284125ff8 | FTIR-ATR spectra of simple and doped FB and SS thin films immersed in SBF for 30 days. | PMC10142946 | pharmaceutics-15-01294-g010.jpg |
0.450031 | f6e46f0c12444c8db2c71cd9aaab4de7 | MTT (a,c,e) and LDH (b,d,f) biocompatibility tests (24 h) in the case of simple and doped FB and SS thin films, using osteoblast (a,b), fibroblast (c,d), and HeLa (e,f) cells. | PMC10142946 | pharmaceutics-15-01294-g011.jpg |
0.43723 | 347007c1483d4304913d374daf9bb60f | The effect of simple and doped FB and SS thin films on the alkaline phosphatase (ALP), 48 h after incubation. | PMC10142946 | pharmaceutics-15-01294-g012.jpg |
0.395079 | a9af17e415444861b85a761a98618b88 | The effect of simple and doped FB and SS thin films on the osteocalcin concentration, 48 h after incubation (* p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; *** p < 0.0001). | PMC10142946 | pharmaceutics-15-01294-g013.jpg |
0.462953 | bf6109ad26a54eec85717b6424b4f728 | Boxplot of hematological parameters for four groups (with different clinical signs): Group 1 (clinically healthy), Group 2 (neurological clinical signs), Group 3 (urinary system signs), and Group 5 (gastrointestinal signs). Group 4 (eye disorder signs) was not included in the boxplot because only one biochemical assay result was available. | PMC10143470 | pathogens-12-00516-g001.jpg |
0.42438 | 8a9dbd7122b14d6e9679db4f00015def | Boxplot of biochemical parameters for four groups (with different clinical signs): Group 1 (clinically healthy), Group 2 (neurological clinical signs), Group 3 (urinary system signs), and Group 5 (gastrointestinal signs). Group 4 (eye disorder signs) was not included in the boxplot because only one biochemical assay result was available. | PMC10143470 | pathogens-12-00516-g002.jpg |
0.421854 | 7261d08fa51842569b774fcf3c6c6806 | Capsid engineering locations and diagram of computer-aided design. (A) AAV2 capsid surface model demonstrates the location of the protruding loop structures in milky. The icosahedral 3- and 5-fold axes are indicated. (B) Left, an exterior capsid surface representation for AAV2 VP3 trimer. Right, an enlarged side view of the capsid shows the spike created by the AA442–AA469 (green) and the AA561–AA588 (red) variable regions at the icosahedral 3-fold axis. AA, amino acid. The figure (A,B) images were generated using UCSF ChimeraX v1.4 [20,21] (UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA). (C) Schematic diagram of computer-aided design. | PMC10143561 | viruses-15-00848-g001.jpg |
0.560716 | b4e2a14134bc4c3ca0da6c6d95977218 | Construction of plasmid systems for AAV library preparation. (A) The plasmid library was constructed using two-step cloning. Step 1, Cap gene library fragments, generated by customized oligonucleotide synthesis, were inserted into the recipient backbone plasmid through Gibson assembly. Step 2, AA470–735 fragments of the AAV2 Cap gene were inserted into the backbone via Golden Gate assembly to generate a complete Cap reading frame. AA, amino acid. (B) The schematic shows the genome structure of the Rep-AAP helper plasmid. Stop codons were inserted into the Cap gene to terminate the expression of the VP1, VP2, and VP3 proteins, while the expression of the AAP protein was not affected. (C) An AAV mutant library was produced using the triple-transfection method in HEK293T cells. | PMC10143561 | viruses-15-00848-g002.jpg |
0.43306 | a65b17c63cd640eba92e0113dadf6166 | Paradigm design and evaluation of machine learning models. (A) Experimental workflow. (1) A Cap gene library of variants within AA442–469 was generated using computer-aided design. (2) The designed sequences (95,995) and the corresponding barcodes were synthesized in parallel on a custom oligonucleotide array. (3) A plasmid library was generated using two-step cloning. (4) The AAV library was manufactured through triple-transfection in HEK293T cells and characterized by high-throughput sequencing. (5) The AAV library was injected into C57BL/6 mice (n = 3) and, after 3 weeks of expression, tissues were harvested and the DNA was isolated, amplified, and prepared for sequencing. (6) After NGS, variants were ranked based on enrichment in select tissues. (7) Top enriched variants were repackaged and characterized systematically. (B) The AUC curve of the training of a single deep learning model. The AUC increased as the training proceeded. (C) The recall curve of the training. We empirically set the training batch size as 4096 and employed a step learning rate (LR) scheduler. The LR scheduler had an initial learning rate of 0.0001, the step size was set as 800, and gamma was set to 0.9. | PMC10143561 | viruses-15-00848-g003.jpg |
0.430207 | 4b1df0d1448f40c0bb2f13ed9f17190b | Diversity characterization during library preparation and mutant enrichment during in vivo screening. (A) Polar plot showing the absolute quantities of the unique mutant collected at each stage of the process. (B) In vivo screening for AAVs with high transduction efficiency; 7.74 × 109 vector genomes (VG) of the AAV library were injected into the caudate putamen (CPu) of C57BL/6 mice (n = 3). (C) The top 20 enriched variants, detected using NGS during in vivo screening. (D) The amino acid sequence alignments for AAV2, AAV2.A1, and AAV2.A2. | PMC10143561 | viruses-15-00848-g004.jpg |
0.403952 | 9b5dc3e0ae8349a6b1d4d4fc8ed8d0b0 | Characterization of the production and transduction properties of novel AAV variants. (A,B) Crude lysate PCR assays were performed on media (A) and cellular lysates (B) of HEK239T cells subjected to triple transfection for AAV2, AAV2.A1, and AAV2.A2. Values represent mean ± SEM, n = 3/group. Statistical analysis was completed using one-way ANOVA analysis followed by Tukey’s multiple comparisons test with an alpha value of 0.05. ns, no significant difference. (C) Fluorescence expressions of AAV2, AAV2.A1, and AAV2.A2 after infection into HEK293T cells for 24 h and 48 h, respectively. Scale bar = 200 μm. (D) Quantification of mean fluorescence intensities of different AAV transduction in vitro. Statistical analysis was completed using two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s multiple comparisons test with an alpha value of 0.05. AU, arbitrary units; hpi, hours post-infection; *, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01; ****, p < 0.0001. | PMC10143561 | viruses-15-00848-g005.jpg |
0.421438 | 38e58ff7454d4dab9a49f3eae6bee50f | Characterization of transduction properties of novel AAV variants. (A) The fluorescence distribution of EGFP at the caudate putamen (CPu). AAV2-CMV-EGFP, AAV2.A1-CMV-EGFP, or AAV2.A2-CMV-EGFP viruses (300 nL, 3 × 109 VG, in total) were injected into the CPu of C57BL/6 mice (n = 3 in each group, n = 9 in total). Scale bar = 1 mm. (B) Quantitative analysis of the number of EGFP+ cells transduced with different AAV vectors in CPu. Statistical analyses were completed using one-way ANOVAs followed by Tukey’s multiple comparisons tests with an alpha value of 0.05. ****, p < 0.0001. (C) Immunofluorescence of cell types by neuronal nuclei antibody (anti-NeuN) or glial fibrillary acidic protein antibody (anti-GFAP). DAPI, 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole. Scale bar = 200 μm. | PMC10143561 | viruses-15-00848-g006.jpg |
0.494537 | 8d75381bcf804060ad9eec4bf8b5661c | Flowchart of the study. | PMC10143750 | jcm-12-02827-g001.jpg |
0.414779 | 49518ee1b8024b5289859aba2300d02d | Glucose and insulin responses during OGTT. (a) Glucose values at 0, 30, 60, and 120 min in both study groups at baseline; (b) glucose values at 0, 30, 60, and 120 min in both study groups week 9. AUCglucose values between baseline and the ninth week in the COC and CVC groups. AUC * is AUCglucose between the study groups. An asterisk (*) marks a significant increase in 60 min glucose value in the CVC group compared to baseline; (c) insulin values at 0, 30, 60, and 120 min in both study groups at baseline.; (d) insulin values at 0, 30, 60, and 120 min in both study groups at baseline. AUCinsulin values between baseline and the ninth week in the COC and CVC groups. AUC * is AUCinsulin between the study groups at week 9. An asterisk (*) marks a significant increase in 120 min insulin values in both groups compared to baseline. | PMC10143750 | jcm-12-02827-g002a.jpg |
0.422368 | bb779c5ae5a640a8b5180c92fb6a7591 | (A) Atypical femur fracture in the right femur CT view. Lateral cortical thickening at the fracture site can be observed (depicted by block arrow). (B) Atypical femur fracture in the left femur scanogram. Endosteal cortical thickening can be observed at multiple sites near the fracture lesion (depicted by line arrows). | PMC10143868 | medicina-59-00735-g001.jpg |
0.477056 | 2cd9a00803e445a69223a3ed76e7ba20 | Flow chart of the patient selection. | PMC10143868 | medicina-59-00735-g002.jpg |
0.426748 | ef4e5b157a22462fa576c2bb77628a71 | (A,B) X-rays of a 74-year-old woman showing a complete diaphyseal atypical femoral fracture. (C,D) Postoperative radiographs showing the intramedullary nail fixation and an iatrogenic fracture (arrows). | PMC10143868 | medicina-59-00735-g003.jpg |
0.429233 | 7a20454c3f494db6adaad6b6ec5e43b6 | Measurement of femoral bowing in the opposite intact femur. (A) Lateral bowing on an anteroposterior X-ray. (B) Anterior bowing on a lateral X-ray. | PMC10143868 | medicina-59-00735-g004.jpg |
0.462187 | d5f05a4aa83a48f1b5d71a774d41ac45 | A series of X-rays from a 79-year-old female patient who underwent intramedullary nailing under the diagnosis of AFF and experienced an iatrogenic diaphyseal fracture. (A,B) X-ray images of the AFF from the first visit to the emergency room. (C,D) X-ray images of the opposite intact femur. A lateral bowing angle of 11.8° and an anterior bowing angle of 20.1° were measured. (E,F) Medial gap opening (arrowheads) and iatrogenic diaphyseal fracture (arrows) occurred during intramedullary nailing. (G,H) Osseous union was obtained at 2 years after surgery. | PMC10143868 | medicina-59-00735-g005.jpg |
0.454258 | 2985c89e94f648498f7197c39b21f602 | Receiver operating characteristic curve of the lateral bowing angle. The area under the curve, cut-off value, Youden’s index, sensitivity, and specificity of the lateral bowing angle were 0.786 (0.684–0.888), 9.30, 0.557, 0.850, and 0.707, respectively (p < 0.001). | PMC10143868 | medicina-59-00735-g006.jpg |
0.501031 | a27eeb5f00a34f4d9326592cf7355cbf | Hematological parameters in rats exposed to lead, and rats exposed to lead and given quercetin phytosome, compared to the untreated control rats. | PMC10143896 | nutrients-15-01888-g001.jpg |
0.41156 | 17f616b11b83466c90795d90406e1da1 | Biochemical parameters in rats exposed to lead, and rats exposed to lead and given quercetin phytosome, compared with the untreated control rats. (a) Levels of total proteins (g/dL), albumin (g/dL), globulin (g/dL), creatinine (mg/dL), BUN (mg/dL) and bilirubin(mg/dL). (b) Levels of alanine transferase (ALT) (IU/L), aspartate transferase (AST) (IU/L) alkaline phosphatase (ALP) (IU/L) and urea (mg/dL). (c) Levels of total thiols (mmol/L), glutathione (µg/mL) and catalase (IU/L). (d) Levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) (nmol/mL) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) (mmol/L). | PMC10143896 | nutrients-15-01888-g002a.jpg |
0.498681 | 537212194fd64c9499ed65f7c3ce20db | Histopathological findings showed that the tumorous mass consists of spindle cells with mixed inflammatory infiltrate (A). Immunohistochemical findings showed positivity for anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) (B), vimentin (C) and smooth muscle actin (SMA) (D). | PMC10144372 | medicina-59-00791-g001.jpg |
0.496188 | af95d5e973d74ee79ec5d877f05976db | CT urography shows a tumour at the dome of the urinary bladder (arrow)—sagittal plane (A) The 3D reconstruction also shows a lesion at the dome of the urinary bladder (B). | PMC10144372 | medicina-59-00791-g002.jpg |
0.439811 | 3c2631d824f24e25b647fdef268dfc4f | Intraoperative finding and the performance of the tumour resection from the dome of the urinary bladder. A—anterior wall of the urinary bladder; D —the dome of the urinary bladder; P—posterior wall of the urinary bladder; T—tumour. | PMC10144372 | medicina-59-00791-g003.jpg |
0.399345 | 0ba8f1d388a54d078d5b3b6cffddc20b | Excised bladder tumour specimen. | PMC10144372 | medicina-59-00791-g004.jpg |
0.425765 | 73ded0004b7f49948c33f9c593f3af8a | Each bar represents a colony used in this study, with the three colonies with high proportions of “non-queen” drones indicated in red and labelled as CA, CB, and CC. (A): The proportion of drones that do not match the genotype of the queen. In most colonies, all, or almost all, drones match the genotype of the queen, except for CA, CB, and CC wherein 12.5%, 17.4%, and 78.3% of drones do not match the queen’s genotype. (B): The proportion of drones with very small head sizes (<3.2 mm) in each colony. Drones with head sizes in this category have typically been reared in worker-cells and not drone cells and therefore are indicative of colonies with laying workers. | PMC10145114 | insects-14-00323-g001.jpg |
0.459721 | bfb3e3b9ac7c4c1a9158ee016d821494 | Histograms of the head width of drones used in this study. Dashed lines indicate the mean of each distribution. (A)—The head size distribution of all drones from queenright colonies in this study whose genotype indicated they were sons of the queen. (B,C)—The head size distribution of drones from colony CA and CB, respectively. The mean head size is >3.2 mm, indicating that workers are not reproducing in this colony. (D)—The head size distribution of drones from colony CC. The mean head size is <3.2 mm, indicating that workers are reproducing in this colony. | PMC10145114 | insects-14-00323-g002.jpg |
0.439526 | fb367ee0eae44f74a0fd976b0f62c613 | Equivalent circuit model of QTF. | PMC10145148 | sensors-23-03923-g001.jpg |
0.450852 | cee7a71632be4cdbb345911808a02df3 | Equivalent mechanical model of QTF, where ke and me represent the equivalent stiffness and equivalent mass of the QTF base, respectively. k and m are the equivalent stiffness and mass of each QTF arm, respectively. kc represents the coupled stiffness between the two arms. | PMC10145148 | sensors-23-03923-g002.jpg |
0.404106 | 49cb68d8945747f289ceb0a2355e921b | Equivalent electromechanical model for a QTF. | PMC10145148 | sensors-23-03923-g003.jpg |
0.453294 | 1f68bc85997e49aba20d8786112f4d5b | Geometry and dimensions of QTF. | PMC10145148 | sensors-23-03923-g004.jpg |
0.430599 | 0b4d89d3b6ca4b49a091ca67b76a011a | FEM simulations of the first 12 eigenmodes of QTF. The change in color from blue to red indicates the change in displacement from small to large. | PMC10145148 | sensors-23-03923-g005.jpg |
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