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0.458873
c95281f4487e41ae838bbd5a07d1832a
Middle Route of the South-to-North Water Transfer Project (MR-SNWTP) and Danjiangkou Reservoir and its tributaries.
PMC9080952
c8ra02172d-f1.jpg
0.414453
5d11b14f0b7f4200b22b8e7292eab68f
Modified biochars in application of treating real contaminated groundwaters (groundwater from a vanadium tailings site (G1) and groundwater near the Chaobei River (G2)) in the Chaobei River catchment: (a) removal efficiency of vanadium(v); (b) removal capacity of vanadium(v). Equilibrium conditions: adsorbent dosage 8 g L−1, 25.0 ± 1.0 °C.
PMC9080952
c8ra02172d-f10.jpg
0.471421
bc5ea89edfa8415fbdeebd0937e92a6d
Adsorption mechanism of vanadium(v) onto Zn-BC.
PMC9080952
c8ra02172d-f11.jpg
0.442501
717ebb4b8c5947709ac6336ce9d73744
Preparation of modified biochars from corn straw.
PMC9080952
c8ra02172d-f2.jpg
0.504597
b9ab3df5e839486a93216eb1ea2abe66
Removal of vanadium(v) by biochars and commercial materials. Equilibrium conditions: adsorbent dosage, 4 g L−1; 25.0 ± 1.0 °C; initial concentration, 50 mg L−1.
PMC9080952
c8ra02172d-f3.jpg
0.37804
6429bf5574764697bf7a01da5fdc9905
Surface characteristics of the modified biochars, BC, and AC. (a) N2 adsorption–desorption isotherms; (b) pore size distribution curves.
PMC9080952
c8ra02172d-f4.jpg
0.413974
6873ee03bac24fc185d965adcd7f51f6
SEM images (3000× magnification) of modified biochars, BC, and AC: (a) Cs-BC, (b) Zn-BC, (c) Zr-BC, (d) BC, (e) AC.
PMC9080952
c8ra02172d-f5.jpg
0.424398
786ceba4bea340fba1fe2b3bef44bc7c
Adsorption capacity (a) and removal efficiency (b) of vanadium(v) onto the modified biochars, BC, and AC. Equilibrium conditions: adsorbent dosage, 1–4 g L−1; 25.0 ± 1.0 °C.
PMC9080952
c8ra02172d-f6.jpg
0.510752
8580121f2bd04f99a5883cb12d3da86b
Effect of pH on vanadium(v) adsorption by modified biochars, BC, and AC. (a) Effect of pH on adsorption capacity. (b) Metal ion species in aqueous solution for vanadium(v) (calculated by using Visual MINEQL ver. 3.0, C0 = 50 mg L−1). (c) pH of the aqueous solution before and after vanadium(v) adsorption.
PMC9080952
c8ra02172d-f7.jpg
0.446229
f4aeffd948db46ff80747ef0d14f129d
XRD patterns of the modified biochars, BC, AC, and Zn-BC + V (Zn-BC after treatment with vanadium(v)). (▲: CsCl, ●: zinc carbides and zinc oxide, ○: Zn3(OH)2V2O7·2H2O, ■: Zr(iv), △: KCl, □: amorphous carbon).
PMC9080952
c8ra02172d-f8.jpg
0.475861
01c5bc94d4874bc4b81746ac4c802728
FTIR spectra of the absorbents before and after treatment with vanadium(v) (absorbent + V represents an absorbent after treatment with vanadium(v)).
PMC9080952
c8ra02172d-f9.jpg
0.442772
6e2cf72a6acf4034a8e2d1f944d13f3b
Patient flow diagram.
PMC9081498
fcvm-09-804217-g0001.jpg
0.392179
07b6be3332d44ab591fdcebff12ac736
The detailed flow diagram of the study identification and selection in this meta-analysis.
PMC9083456
fnut-09-881139-g001.jpg
0.51752
ebb59ae179b74636af063f7d871049c6
Forest plot of meta-analysis: Overall multi-variable adjusted RR of depression for the highest vs. lowest category of dietary vitamin A intake.
PMC9083456
fnut-09-881139-g002.jpg
0.40071
c048afe69b0f4aabb7134b0e79c4ae35
Forest plot of meta-analysis: SMD of dietary vitamin A intake for depression vs. control subjects.
PMC9083456
fnut-09-881139-g003.jpg
0.467388
6106f445d6734bd3ad756e28b9ec7956
Forest plot of meta-analysis: Overall multi-variable adjusted RR of depression for the highest vs. lowest category of dietary beta-carotene intake.
PMC9083456
fnut-09-881139-g004.jpg
0.392739
4c50235337c84faaa2deb902474c0f27
Forest plot of meta-analysis: SMD of dietary beta-carotene intake for depression vs. control subjects.
PMC9083456
fnut-09-881139-g005.jpg
0.419941
35fbf074cb584170a22ea51106fb234e
ML phylogram inferred from partial BenA-CaM-Rpb2 sequences.Bootstrap percentages over 70% derived from 1,000 replicates are indicated at the nodes, T indicates ex-type strains, strains belonging to new species are indicated in boldface. Bar = 0.05 substitutions per nucleotide position.
PMC9083529
peerj-10-13224-g001.jpg
0.459021
ac36fbf3decc4a3f828b1660b495181b
ML phylogram inferred from partial BenA sequences.Bootstrap percentages over 70% derived from 1,000 replicates are indicated at the nodes, T indicates ex-type strains, strains belonging to new species are indicated in boldface. Bar = 0.05 substitutions per nucleotide position.
PMC9083529
peerj-10-13224-g002.jpg
0.409182
64bbc4ccb5d24ee4997716a69ce1ef57
ML phylogram inferred from partial CaM sequences.Bootstrap percentages over 70% derived from 1,000 replicates are indicated at the nodes, T indicates ex-type strains, strains belonging to new species are indicated in boldface. Bar = 0.1 substitutions per nucleotide position.
PMC9083529
peerj-10-13224-g003.jpg
0.443285
e5af17a895fb4f5f8adbbeb1bed1ddda
ML phylogram inferred from partial Rpb2 sequences.Bootstrap percentages over 70% derived from 1,000 replicates are indicated at the nodes, T indicates ex-type strains, strains belonging to new species are indicated in boldface. Bar = 0.05 substitutions per nucleotide position.
PMC9083529
peerj-10-13224-g004.jpg
0.385879
a05aae420fbf445f96153ed1698e727d
Morphological characters of Penicillium donggangicum AS3.15900 T incubated at 25 °C for 7 days.(A) CYA. (B) MEA. (C) YES. (D) Cz. (E)–(I) Conidiophores. (J) Conidia. Bar = 10 µm.
PMC9083529
peerj-10-13224-g005.jpg
0.430644
da66f5c534f646c5b0d86d566cae86b8
Morphological characters of Penicillium hepuense AS3.16039T incubated at 25 °C for 7 days.(A) CYA. (B) MEA. (C) YES. (D) Cz. (E)–(G) Conidiophores. (H) Conidia. Bar = 10 µm.
PMC9083529
peerj-10-13224-g006.jpg
0.419725
4b8dff0e303c4db4b8b4c6742b9de312
Morphological characters of Penicillium jiaozhouwanicum AS3.16038T incubated at 25 °C for 7 days.(A) CYA. (B) MEA. (C) YES. (D) Cz. (E)–(G) Conidiophores. (H) Conidia. Bar = 10 µm.
PMC9083529
peerj-10-13224-g007.jpg
0.452121
c5d342f2f43f47d3a437226cf9d5b460
Chemical structure of derivatives identified in this study.
PMC9085577
fphar-13-858137-g001.jpg
0.452571
9ed2efbba85a48068dc13e49cba23626
Synthesis of compounds 1–12. (A) Reagents and conditions. a) Compounds 13 or 14, K2CO3, dry DMF, 100°C, quantitative yield and 87%, respectively; b) NaOH in excess, MeOH: H2O 1:1 v/v, reflux, quantitative yield for both reactions; c) DIBAL-H, dry THF, 0°C, quantitative yield and 92%, respectively. (B) Reagents and conditions. a) K2CO3, dry DMF, 100°C; b) NaOH in excess, MeOH: H2O 1:1 v/v, reflux, 68 and 97%, respectively; d) LiBH4, dry CH2Cl2, 0°C, 80% for both reactions.
PMC9085577
fphar-13-858137-g002.jpg
0.436257
55834d43c8844c6d8c0b43ee81f94f77
Binding mode in GPBAR1 and CysLT1R and in vitro and in vivo evaluation of the pharmacokinetics for compound 2. Binding mode of compound 2 (green stick) in GPBAR1 (A) (gray cartoon) and CysLT1R (B) (sky-blue cartoon). Superimposition between compound 2 (green stick) and the co-crystalized ligand pranlukast (plum stick) (C) in CysLT1R (sky-blue cartoon). The interacting residues of the receptor are shown in stick and labeled. TMs of the receptors are labeled. Oxygen atoms are depicted in red and nitrogens in blue. Hydrogens are omitted for the sake of clarity and H-bonds are displayed as black dashed lines. The bridging water molecule is reported as red sticks with explicit hydrogens. (D) In vitro pharmacokinetics for selected derivative. aAqueous solubility at pH 7.4; bReported as μl/min/mg protein. Results are mean of at least two experiments. (E) Measurement of the amount of compound 2 in the blood of mice at 1, 6, or 24 h after administration at the dose of 30 mg/kg. Results are the mean ± SD of 5 mice per group.
PMC9085577
fphar-13-858137-g003.jpg
0.462767
e7e716788c2149ebb5ab7d9f96a75ea8
The synthesis of leukotrienes is upregulated in the liver of NAFLD patients. (A) Leukotriene synthesis pathway indicating the enzymes that are involved in each step of synthesis. (B-E) RNA-seq analysis of liver biopsy samples from GSE135251 repository of control, early NAFLD, and moderate NAFLD patients. Each dot represents a patient. Gene profile expression of (B) CYSLT1R, (C) ALOX5, (D) FLAP, and (E) GPBAR1. *p < 0.05.
PMC9085577
fphar-13-858137-g004.jpg
0.48696
219409e97bc84f958f0a442f985ec7b5
Beneficial effects of compound 2 on body weight gain and insulin sensitivity. C57BL/6 male mice were fed a high fat diet and fructose (HFD-F) or normal chow diet for 61 days. From day 7, compound 2 was administered by oral gavage at the dose of 30 mg/kg/daily. (A) Changes in body weight (%) and (B) AUCs of body weight expressed in arbitrary units. (C) Body mass index (BMI) at the end of the experiment. (D) Glucose plasma levels in response to OGTT and (E) AUCs of glucose plasma levels expressed in arbitrary units. Results are the mean ± SEM of 5-7 mice per group; *p < 0.05.
PMC9085577
fphar-13-858137-g005.jpg
0.38641
ad6c0d1487cc4eaeb1bb2c4719af0321
Beneficial effects of compound 2 on liver biochemistry and histopathology. C57BL/6 male mice were fed a high fat diet and fructose (HFD-F) or normal chow diet for 61 days. From day 7, compound 2 was administered by oral gavage at the dose of 30 mg/kg/daily. Plasmatic levels of (A) AST, (B) ALT, (C) Triglycerides, (D) Cholesterol, (E) HDL, and (F) LDL at the end of the study. Macroscopic and microscopic features of the liver: (G) liver weight (g), (H) ratio between liver weight (g) and body weight (g), (I) hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining of liver tissues obtained at the end of the study (magnification ×4, insets ×10) with (J) steatosis score, and (K) sirius red staining of liver tissues obtained at the end of the study (magnification ×10). Relative mRNA expression levels of (L) αSma and (M) Col1a1, measured in liver. Results are the mean ± SEM of 5-7 mice per group; *p < 0.05.
PMC9085577
fphar-13-858137-g006.jpg
0.482627
f8a8d6ab2bf5460588afc92d0eb90626
Liver transcriptome analysis of compound 2 in mice feed a HFD-F. C57BL/6 male mice were fed a high fat diet and fructose (HFD-F) or normal chow diet for 61 days. From day 7 compound 2 was administered by oral gavage at the dose of 30 mg/kg/daily. (A) Quantitative β analysis of PCoA that showed a major dissimilarity between the three experimental group and (B) Venn diagram of differentially expressed genes showing the overlapping regions between the experimental groups (fold change <−2 or >2, p value < 0.05). Relative mRNA expression levels extract from RNA-seq analysis of: (C) Fasn, (D) Acc, (E) Srebf1, (F) Elovl5, (G) Cfd, (H) Mogat, (I) Fabp2, (J) Cd36, (K) Abcg1, (L) Me1, (M) Cidea, (N) Cidec, (O) Ccl3, (P) Ccl2, (Q) Cxcl2, (R) Serpine1, (S) Fgf21 and (T) Cyp7a1. Results are the mean ± SEM of 5-7 mice per group; *p < 0.05.
PMC9085577
fphar-13-858137-g007.jpg
0.450114
e9d5ad15a27a48028fa09715e88529f7
Effects of compound 2 on liver expression of GPBAR1, FXR, and its target genes and nuclear transcription factors. C57BL/6 male mice were fed a high fat diet and fructose (HFD-F) or normal chow diet for 61 days. From day 7 compound 2 was administered by oral gavage at the dose of 30 mg/kg/daily. Relative mRNA expression levels extract from RNA-seq analysis of: (A) Gpbar1, (B) Fxr, (C) Bsep, (D) Shp, (E) Pparα, (F) Pparγ, (G) CysLT1R, (H) Alox5, and (I) Flap. Results are the mean ± SEM of 5-7 mice per group; *p < 0.05.
PMC9085577
fphar-13-858137-g008.jpg
0.429962
e5f4527005914c9aa5c43ba495c60d4a
Effects of compound 2 on adipose tissue. C57BL/6 male mice were fed a high fat diet and fructose (HFD-F) or normal chow diet for 61 days. From day 7 compound 2 was administered by oral gavage at the dose of 30 mg/kg/daily. (A) BAT weight, (B) ratio BAT weight (g)/body weight (g), and (C) temperature of BAT (°C) on the day 51. (D) eWAT weight and (E) ratio eWAT weight (g)/body weight (g). Relative mRNA expression levels of (F) GPBAR1, (G) CysLT1R, (H) Fasn, (I) Adiponectin, (J) Ucp2, (K) Pgc1, (L) Srebp1c, (M) Tnf-α, (N) Cd11b, (O) Pparγ, and (P) Fxr in eWAT. Results are the mean ± SEM of 5-7 mice per group; *p < 0.05.
PMC9085577
fphar-13-858137-g009.jpg
0.427541
4734ed2c8d004739a24cef6e0f289dc8
Preparation process of the NiO/ZnO–Al2O3–SiO2 adsorbent.
PMC9086463
c8ra06309e-f1.jpg
0.409381
69255ecc19b74f2ab7bd4b45ee75d685
The possible reaction mechanism of desulfurization on NiO/ZnO–Al2O3–SiO2.
PMC9086463
c8ra06309e-f10.jpg
0.44648
f990e7168c374b00877f7b7acff3749b
XRD images of NiO/ZnO–Al2O3–SiO2 adsorbents before and after reduction.
PMC9086463
c8ra06309e-f2.jpg
0.438579
dfb7a7c863f745a6aad6461fd4dbd02d
H2-TPR of NiO/ZnO–Al2O3–SiO2 adsorbent.
PMC9086463
c8ra06309e-f3.jpg
0.430701
6a1d556f359d4d039fccee9c1aa52146
XRD images of NiO/ZnO–Al2O3–SiO2 adsorbents under different reduction temperature.
PMC9086463
c8ra06309e-f4.jpg
0.498505
0db652b0396c44859267ce15660c38d4
Pore size distributions of NiO/ZnO–Al2O3–SiO2 adsorbents.
PMC9086463
c8ra06309e-f5.jpg
0.432052
f45abceba75f4bacada5ea99715d6f4f
XPS spectra of fresh, reduced and spent adsorbent.
PMC9086463
c8ra06309e-f6.jpg
0.532834
151d3d17918b493ea7a078c2f1ec822a
XPS spectra of Ni and Zn elements (a) Ni, (b) Zn.
PMC9086463
c8ra06309e-f7.jpg
0.374979
1e9c28db0b85486b92447e134e33bdca
TEM of fresh and reduced NiO/ZnO–Al2O3–SiO2 adsorbents (a) fresh, (b) after reduction.
PMC9086463
c8ra06309e-f8.jpg
0.444381
b82d2e09456b41c6a79e0be26ca774da
Effect of hydrogen pretreatment on desulfurization performance of adsorbents.
PMC9086463
c8ra06309e-f9.jpg
0.454741
0a9dd78ee1fa4a6f86c7107d5f5c8697
 Classifications of pneumonia and its detection techniques. Covid‐19, coronavirus disease 2019; CT, computerized tomography
PMC9086991
CDT3-8-154-g001.jpg
0.478545
8e337d313d0040ae9be1e33865b316f2
 Architecture of GeminiNet. FCN, fully convolution network; PS ROI, position‐sensitive ROI
PMC9086991
CDT3-8-154-g002.jpg
0.436873
8d093d2ce5b84b9299b254dd8f1a0561
Comparison of different attention mechanisms
PMC9086991
CDT3-8-154-g003.jpg
0.431752
63a58a8d02cc4e4a8c47e2c362ce5449
A detailed architecture of Inf‐Net
PMC9086991
CDT3-8-154-g004.jpg
0.434912
ae4500cdcc2f48d3964af2eb6f879bfc
Architecture of dual‐branch combination network
PMC9086991
CDT3-8-154-g005.jpg
0.442942
807470d4bbe84f68a4dd286aef9702b2
Illustrations of the Traditional Trivalvular Method.Note. (A) Prostate and the anatomic landmarks. (B) Bilateral longitudinal bladder neck incisions are made at the 5- and the 7-o’clock positions from a point distal to the ureteral orifices and on each side of the verumontanum incisions. (C) Remove the median lobe. (D) From 5- to 12-o’clock position enucleate the left lateral lobe. (E) From 7- to 12-o’clock position enucleate the right lateral lobe. (F) Push the entire prostate off the prostatic wall and push it into the bladder. 1 = bladder neck; 2 = verumontanum.
PMC9087263
10.1177_15579883221090826-fig1.jpg
0.444373
200fafeedab34c08b86891e42f6eebb5
Illustrations of the Modified Holmium Laser Enucleation of Prostate Procedure and the Schematic of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia.Note. (A) Make a small horizontal incision to expose the surgical capsule of the prostate before the apex. (B) Fenestration of the bladder neck. (C) Make a tunnel under the middle lobe of the surgical capsule from the tip to the bladder neck. (D) Remove the left side within 6 to 12 hr lateral lobe nucleus. (E) Take out the right lobe nucleus in 6 to 12 hr. (F) Push the entire prostate out of the prostate wall and push it into the bladder; protect the urethra mucosa at the 12-o’clock position when the prostate apex is disconnected. 1 = bladder neck; 2 = verumontanum.
PMC9087263
10.1177_15579883221090826-fig2.jpg
0.394652
94dc6a62378442019166a6402108ebde
Schematic depiction of wide range of (A) expression systems and (B) promoters used for Cas9/gRNA expression in plants. Ter, Terminator; GRPS, Guide RNA processing system.
PMC9087570
fgeed-04-870108-g001.jpg
0.463334
be100dc8abd443638b0d0b6ad86f25a7
PRISMA flowchart showing selection of studies for review. The reasons for excluding studies were (1) type of study (only case reports, case series, and retrospective cohort analyses were included); (2) language (non‐English and non‐Mandarin publications were excluded); (3) access to full text (abstract‐only publications were excluded); and (4) confirmation of SARS CoV‐2 infection (only laboratory‐confirmed cases were included).
PMC9087651
IJGO-151-7-g001.jpg
0.435087
82807ce81c474b158b53ec069a5a47df
(A) Original magnification ×4 and (B) original magnification ×10; hematoxylin and eosin‐stained section showing subcutaneous necrobiotic collagen bundle (black arrow), fibrinoid degeneration with palisaded histiocytic inflammation (yellow arrow), and vascular granulation tissue (red arrow).
PMC9088458
JMV-94-3482-g001.jpg
0.626456
88724955ba0b43cc98eb85893c78e5de
Bone marrow aspirate. ×100 magnification; Leishman‐stained smear showing increased counts of morphologically normal eosinophils and precursors.
PMC9088458
JMV-94-3482-g002.jpg
0.439932
d99a4c634dc84b359c3061b5d2ba9da2
Schematic view of parameters that possibly affect adsorption behavior: (a) pore size of MHCF controlled by metal replacement and (b) various ion sizes as adsorbate.
PMC9089244
c8ra08091g-f1.jpg
0.437989
bd846f50574d47acac8340e927b02578
XRD patterns of various MHCFs. The peaks with the notation “Si” represent those from silicon for calibration of the peak position.
PMC9089244
c8ra08091g-f2.jpg
0.47747
4464dfc8976c4f359668c87a9d4ce3ef
Relation between the experimentally observed lattice constant, aobs, and the sum of the ionic diameters of the metal elements, Dsum. The element notation M shows that in M[Fe(CN)6]x. Fe(iii–ii) and Fe(ii–iii) represent Fe(iii)[Fe(ii)(CN)6]x and Fe(ii)[Fe(iii)(CN)6]x, respectively. The broken line is drawn with fitting except for CuHCF and with Fe(iii–ii) instead of Fe(ii–iii).
PMC9089244
c8ra08091g-f3.jpg
0.436351
b952e4b54fdc4e33a91a9e180f8968ca
SEM images of MHCFs.
PMC9089244
c8ra08091g-f4.jpg
0.403233
663429d80f7c4a04b578632601a119d4
Relation between crystallite size and lattice constant.
PMC9089244
c8ra08091g-f5.jpg
0.437657
1712150a34d349e6b3cd93458ed9aa7d
Cyclic voltammetry at 5 mV s−1 in aqueous solution with supporting electrolyte AX (A = K+, Na+, NH4+, Rb+, and Cs+, X = SO42−, Cl−, and NO3−, 10 mM L−1): (a) CdHCF and (b) CuHCF. The vertical axis indicates the renormalized value by the injected charge during the process of the potential increase, to avoid the difference of the film thickness among the samples.
PMC9089244
c8ra08091g-f6.jpg
0.402998
1fd5953f6edc43699a197b5db470d837
Dependence of the redox potential on the type of adsorbent and the adsorbate cations. (a) The relation between the adsorbates and the redox potential and (b) adsorbate-dependence of redox potential, converted into energy (kJ mol−1), and that of the hydration energy, where the energies for Cs are set as the reference value.
PMC9089244
c8ra08091g-f7.jpg
0.481799
ce0a3b7cb7ca4f0e9968a77e02cd5456
(a) IR spectra of CuHCF in ACl before and after reduction. (b) Enlarged view of the reduced state at ∼1600 cm−1 and 2100 cm−1, corresponding to the bending mode of H2O and the stretching mode of CN−, respectively. K and Na indicate the alkali cations in the supporting electrolyte. The solid line represents a raw data. The broken lines show fitting curves with Gaussians and background straight line. The fitting was done by the least-square method. The blue solid line and the red broken line were completely overlapping.
PMC9089244
c8ra08091g-f8.jpg
0.480295
9be1f4cd4e694defa6a6c526f6b8706f
FT-IR spectra of (a) PMAMPC, PMAMPC-Fe3O4NPs synthesized by (b) two-step method, and (c) one-step method, (d) biotinylated PMAMPC-Fe3O4NPs, and (e) uncoated Fe3O4NPs.
PMC9089288
c8ra06887a-f1.jpg
0.416597
c45df9d955a04ec29db636a934a296be
Pictures of PMAMPC-Fe3O4NPs colloidal suspensions after 30 day of storage without an external magnetic field (a) and after exposure to an external magnetic field (b), TEM images (c and d) and particle size distribution from several TEM images (n = 100) (e and f) of PMAMPC-Fe3O4NPs prepared by the one-step (c and e) and two-step (d and f) method.
PMC9089288
c8ra06887a-f2.jpg
0.477251
7e9a1bce9ca64f44964b153921755712
(A) Pictures of uncoated Fe3O4NPs (column 1) and PMAMPC-Fe3O4NPs colloidal suspensions prepared by one-step (column 2) and two-step methods using varied amounts of PMAMPC in the feed (column 3–5) in the absence of an external magnetic field, (B) PMAMPC-Fe3O4NPs colloidal suspensions prepared by the two-step method using 40 mg PMAMPC in the feed, (C) their corresponding zeta potential values at different pH and (D) hydrodynamic diameter of PMAMPC-Fe3O4NPs obtained from DLS.
PMC9089288
c8ra06887a-f3.jpg
0.424058
f6b21a6b7ff44d4d94cabdd129cfd38d
The amount of adsorbed proteins on PMAMPC-Fe3O4NPs prepared by the two-step method using (a) varied amount of PMA37MPC63 in feed, (b) varied molecular weight of PMA37MPC63 and (c) PMAMPC with varied composition.
PMC9089288
c8ra06887a-f4.jpg
0.416881
43e89922ac4f46d6ae39bfc9359aba99
Morphology of EA.Hy926 cells before and after culturing in the absence (control) and presence of uncoated Fe3O4NPs and PMAMPC-Fe3O4NPs at 20× magnification.
PMC9089288
c8ra06887a-f5.jpg
0.450482
f5a4c3b82d8a472b9e4d5ec74b769674
In vitro cytotoxicity of EA.Hy926 cells before and after culturing for 24 h in the absence (control) and presence of uncoated Fe3O4NPs and PMAMPC-Fe3O4NPs. ***p < 0.001 vs. control.
PMC9089288
c8ra06887a-f6.jpg
0.430826
1353649cc1d640b9b7eb4e31d68064ea
Schematic representation of the strategy for biomagnetic separation of (A) streptavidin and (B) BSA by biotinylated PMAMPC-Fe3O4NPs and their corresponding UV-vis data demonstrating the amount of protein before (red dotted line) and after (blue solid line) magnetic separation.
PMC9089288
c8ra06887a-f7.jpg
0.380411
e4aa29d21e0649cc8e333294e5b3fc54
Sympathetic Ganglia conditioned medium (SGcm) induces a decrease in neuroblastoma cell–cell cohesion.a Illustration of the dissection procedure of chick embryonic sympathetic chains from E6 to E10 developmental stages. Upper panels are schematic representations of chick embryos and lower panels show representative pictures of dissected sympathetic chains. Scale bar: 1 mm. b, c Representative pictures of IGR-N91 cell aggregates (b) and quantification (c) of cell–cell aggregation rate of IGR-N91 cells cultured in hanging drops and treated with E6 to E10-cSGcm, compared to medium without any cultured tissue (ctl.) (N = 5 independent experiments; n: number of aggregates analyzed per condition; two-sided Mann–Whitney U test; comparison to control medium: E6- to E9-cSGcm: p < 0.0001, E10: p = 0.3476). Scale bar: 1 mm. d, e Representative pictures of IGR-N91 cell aggregates (d) and quantification (e) of of cell-cell aggregation rate of IGR-N91 cells cultured in hanging drops and treated with E6 to E8-cSGcm, prepared with live or fixed sympathetic ganglia compared to medium without any cultured tissue (ctl.) (N = 6 independent experiments; n: number of aggregates analyzed per condition; two-sided Mann–Whitney U test; comparison to control medium: E6-, E7-, E8-cSGcm: p < 0.0001, E6 fixed-cSGcm: p = 0.2070, E7 fixed-cSGcm: p = 0.0012, E8 fixed-cSGcm: p = 0.2070). Scale bar: 1 mm. f, g Representative pictures of IGR-N91 cell aggregates (f) and quantification (g) of cell–cell aggregation rate of IGR-N91 cells cultured in hanging drops and treated with E15.5-mSGcm, compared to medium without any cultured tissue (ctl.) (N = 7 independent experiments; n: number of aggregates analyzed per condition; two-sided Mann–Whitney U test; comparison to control medium: p < 0.0001). Scale bar: 1 mm. h Quantification of IGR-N91 cells migration and invasion properties in transwell assays using E6 and E8-cSGcm in the lower part of the device. Ratios over the number of migrating/invading cells in the control condition (medium without any cultured tissue in the lower part) are shown. (N = 7 independent experiments with E6-cSGcm, N = 3 independent experiments with E8-cSGcm; two-sided Mann–Whitney U test; comparison to control medium, migration/invasion: E6-cSGcm: p = 0.0006/p = 0.0006; E8-cSGcm: p = 0.0008/p = 0.0083). Error bars show SEM. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.
PMC9091272
41467_2022_30237_Fig1_HTML.jpg
0.447107
dce2f3c946c34a4d8653ba2d56709068
Sympathetic Ganglia conditioned medium (SGcm) contains a set of proteins involved in cell motility.a Venn diagram indicating the number of proteins detected in the 6 types of chick conditioned media: E6-, E8- and E10-cSGcm and E6-, E8- and E10-cDRGcm71. Samples were analyzed from 2 independent experiments. b Fraction of proteins depicted to have an extracellular localization in each chick conditioned medium. c Venn diagram performed on biological processes items significantly represented in extracellular proteins present in E15.5-mSGcm and in cSGcm and cDRGcm at E6 and E8. Common biological processes related to cell movement and migration are outlined in pink. d Candidate extracellular proteins present in conditioned media triggering NB loss of cell-cell cohesion and extracted from biological processes related to cell motility (items in pink in Supplementary Fig. 3b). In black and purple: proteins or related proteins found in both chick and mouse decohesive conditioned media. In purple, proteins reported in the literature to be involved in neural crest-related processes (see references in Supplementary Fig. 3c).
PMC9091272
41467_2022_30237_Fig2_HTML.jpg
0.445944
8fe0852b943c43cb8cad7cb7c77baa03
Paraspinal secreted cues trigger NB cells shift in gene programs involved in cell–cell cohesion and motility.a RNASeq analysis performed on IGR-N91 cell cultured in hanging drops and treated with E8-cSGcm, E8-cDRGcm or E15.5-mSGcm (upper panels). Each condition was duplicated. The number of significantly differentially expressed (DE) transcripts compared to the control condition for each conditioned medium is indicated in the lower panel. Scale bar: 1 mm. b Venn diagram indicating the number of significantly differentially expressed (DE) transcripts compared to the control condition in E8-cSGcm, E8-cDRGcm or E15.5-mSGcm-treated IGR-N91 cell aggregates. c Unsupervised clustering and corresponding heatmap presenting mRNA expression for NOR-related (left panel) and MES-related (right panel) gene sets of IGR-N91 cell aggregates treated with control medium, E8-cSGcm, E8-cDRGcm or E15.5-mSGcm. The z score for each transcript is color-coded. d GO biological processes significantly represented in DE transcripts common to E8-cSGcm, E8-cDRGcm and E15.5-mSGcm-treated IGR-N91 cell aggregates (n = 308 transcripts; N > 5 hits in each biological process related-gene set; hypergeometric test; p < 0.01). Biological processes are color-coded according to 3 major classes: Cell movement & migration; Response to extracellular cues & signaling; Development & morphogenesis. Sectors thickness represents the proportion of hits detected in each GO biological process related-gene set. e Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) of a collection of 45 gene signatures related to cell motile behaviors in E8-cSGcm-treated IGR-N91 cell aggregates compared to control. Significantly regulated gene signatures (NES > 1.3; Phenotype-based permutation test72, nom p < 0.05; FDR q < 0.25) are presented in a graphical form. f Unsupervised clustering and corresponding heatmap presenting mRNA expression for OLFM-related gene set of IGR-N91 cell aggregates treated with control medium, E8-cSGcm, E8-cDRGcm or E15.5-mSGcm. The z score for each transcript is color-coded.
PMC9091272
41467_2022_30237_Fig3_HTML.jpg
0.386624
52afa1d4e2f44cd4905c8ec33be23d19
Paraspinal-derived OLFM1 boosts NB metastatic properties in vitro.a Quantification of cell–cell cohesion rate for IGR-N91 cells treated with increasing doses of recombinant OLFM1 (rOLFM1), compared to control medium (ctl.) (N = 5 independent experiments; n: number of aggregates analyzed per condition; two-sided Mann–Whitney U test; comparison to ctl.: rOLFM1 0.1 µg/mL: p = 0.1308, 0.5 µg/mL: p = 0.0016, 1 µg/mL: p < 0.0001, 5 µg/mL: p < 0.0001, 10 µg/mL: p < 0.0001). b Quantification of IGR-N91 cells migration and invasion in transwell assays with increasing doses of rOLFM1. Ratios over the control condition are shown (N = 7 and N = 10 independent experiments for migration and invasion assays; two-sided Mann–Whitney U test; comparison to ctl.: rOLFM1 0.1 µg/mL: p = 0.0006, 1 µg/mL: p = 0.0006, 10 µg/mL: p = 0.0006 for migration; rOLFM1 0.1 µg/mL: p = 0.0006, 1 µg/mL: p < 0.0001, 10 µg/mL: p < 0.0001 for invasion) c Quantification of cell-cell cohesion rate of IGR-N91 cells treated with E8-cSGcm or E8-cDRGcm supplemented or not with OLFM1 blocking antibody (OLFM1 Ab) (N = 4 independent experiments; n: number of aggregates analyzed per condition; two-sided unpaired t test with Welch’s correction; comparison to ctl: E8-cSGcm: p < 0.0001, E8-cSGcm + OLFM1 Ab: p = 0.0882, E8-cDRGcm: p < 0.0001, E8-cDRGcm + OLFM1 Ab: p = 0.0204; E8-cSGcm vs E8-cSGcm + OLFM1 Ab: p = 0.0024; E8-cDRGcm vs E8-cDRGcm + OLFM1 Ab: p < 0.0001). d Quantification of IGR-N91 cells migration and invasion in transwell assays with E8-cSGcm or E8-cDRGcm supplemented or not with OLFM1 Ab. Ratios over the control condition are shown. (N = 9 independent experiments for migration, two-sided unpaired t test with Welch’s correction; N = 7 independent experiments for invasion, two-sided Mann–Whitney U test; comparison to ctl migration/invasion: E8-cSGcm: p = 0.0004/p = 0.0006, E8-cSGcm + OLFM1 Ab: p = 0.0003/p = 0.0169, E8-cDRGcm: p = 0.0009/p = 0.0006, E8-cDRGcm + OLFM1 Ab: p < 0.0001/p = 0.0169; E8-cSGcm vs E8-cSGcm + OLFM1 Ab: p = 0.0511/p = 0.0006; E8-cDRGcm vs E8-cDRGcm + OLFM1 Ab: p = 0.0486/p = 0.0006).
PMC9091272
41467_2022_30237_Fig4_HTML.jpg
0.386486
ea4efbec6c2f4de2a7eef7f65abb065a
Paraspinal-derived OLFM1 boosts NB metastatic properties in vivo.a Overview of the in vivo grafting procedure. E: Embryonic day. b 3D-imaging of E5 chick embryo treated or not with OLFM1 Ab and labelled with α-NF160 (nervous tracts) and α-GFP (IGR-N91 cells) antibodies. Scale bar: 250 µm. c Quantification of the mean number of tumor buds detaching from primary tumor masses (n = 10 control and n = 9 OLFM1 Ab-treated embryos; two-sided unpaired t test; p = 0.0016). d, e Representative images (d) and quantification (e) of α-PH3 (mitoses) and α-GFP (IGR-N91 cells) immunofluorescence on cryosections of E5 grafted chick embryos treated or not with OLFM1 Ab. The ratio of PH3+/GFP+ double positive cells over GFP+ cells is quantified (n = 14 slices from 5 control embryos and n = 15 slices from 5 OLFM1 Ab-treated embryos; two-sided unpaired t test, p = 0.8381). Scale bar: 100 µm. f 3D-imaging of E9 chick embryo treated or not with OLFM1 Ab and labelled with α-NF160 and α-GFP (IGR-N91 cells) antibodies (upper panels). Lower panels illustrate identification of the primary tumor (in pink) and metastatic foci color-coded according to their distance to the primary tumor. Scale bar: 1 mm. g–i Quantification of the mean number of metastatic foci (g), mean distance of metastatic foci from the primary tumor (h) and volume of metastatic foci (i) in n = 11 control versus n = 11 OLFM1 Ab-treated embryo at E9. In i, mean volume of metastatic foci (left axis) and total volume occupied by metastatic foci (right axis) are presented. Two-sided Mann–Whitney tests were performed. In (g), p = 0.0035; in (h), p = 0.0288; in (i), p = 0.0336 for mean volumes and p = 0.9487 for total volumes of metastatic foci. Error bars show SEM. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.
PMC9091272
41467_2022_30237_Fig5_HTML.jpg
0.389518
422f95ca43c24ad38eef0b50d9ed32b4
Sympathetic-derived OLFM1 triggers NB patient cells escape from the primary tumor.a Representative pictures of NB#1-patient cell aggregates treated with E8-cSGcm supplemented or not with OLFM1 blocking antibody (OLFM1 Ab). Scale bar: 1 mm. b Quantification of cell-cell cohesion rate for NB#1-patient dissociated cells, cultured in hanging drops and treated with E8-cSGcm supplemented or not with OLFM1 Ab (N = 5 independent experiments; two-sided Mann–Whitney U test; comparison to ctl: E8-cSGcm: p = 0.0159, E8-cSGcm + OLFM1 Ab: p = 0.0952, E8-cSGcm vs E8-cSGcm + OLFM1 Ab: p = 0.0317). c, d 3D lightsheet confocal imaging of E9 chick embryos grafted with NB#2 (c) or NB#3 (d) patient cells and treated or not with OLFM1 Ab. Embryos were labelled with α-NF160 and α-mito (patient cells) antibodies (upper panels). Lower panels illustrate 3D image analysis with identification of the primary tumor sites (in pink) and metastatic foci color-coded according to their distance to the primary tumor site. Scale bar: 1 mm. e–h Quantification of the mean number of metastatic foci (e, g) and mean distance of metastatic foci from the primary tumor site (f, h) in control versus OLFM1 Ab-treated embryo at E9 grafted with NB#2 (e, f; n = 11 control and n = 8 OLFM1 Ab-treated embryos; two-sided unpaired t test; in (e): p = 0.0113, in (f): p = 0.0241) or NB#3 (g, h; n = 7 control and n = 10 OLFM1 Ab-treated embryos; two-sided Mann–Whitney U test; in (g): p = 0.0136, in (h): p = 0.6009) patient cells. Error bars show SEM. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.
PMC9091272
41467_2022_30237_Fig6_HTML.jpg
0.381007
40166aea69344127aeeea1c8d9ec49bb
Blocking sympathetic-derived OLFM1 doesn’t affect the course of sympathetic ganglia cohesion and global morphogenesis.a Representative pictures of cell aggregates obtained from dissociated E8 chick sympathetic ganglia treated with E8-cSGcm supplemented or not with OLFM1 Ab. Scale bar: 1 mm. b Quantification of cell-cell cohesion rate for dissociated cells from E8 sympathetic ganglionic chains, cultured in hanging drops and treated with E8-cSGcm supplemented or not with OLFM1 Ab compared to control medium (ctl.). (N = 3 independent experiments; n: number of aggregates analyzed per condition; two-sided Mann–Whitney U test; ctl vs E8-cSGcm: p = 0.0991, E8-cSGcm vs E8-cSGcm + OLFM1 Ab: p = 0.1682). c Representative images of α-HNK1 (neural crest-derived cells) and α-Phox2b immunofluorescence on cryosections performed with E5.5 chick embryos treated or not with OLFM1 Ab at E3.5. Scale bar: 200 µm. d Quantification of the mean area covered by sympathetic ganglia labeled with HNK1 immunofluorescent labelling as illustrated in (c) (n = 31 sections from 5 ctl. embryos and n = 25 sections from 5 OLFM1 Ab-treated embryos; two-sided unpaired t test, p = 0.4339). e Representative illustrations of E9 chick sympathetic chains (6 caudal-most sympathetic ganglia) obtained from 3D reconstruction of lightsheet confocal imaging of HNK1 immunostaining performed on E9 chick embryos treated or not at E3.5 with OLFM1 Ab. Scale bar: 200 µm. f Quantification of the mean volume occupied by the 6 caudal most sympathetic ganglia outlined by HNK1 immunostaining in E9 chick embryos treated or not at E3.5 with OLFM1 Ab (e) (n = 6 control and n = 5 OLFM1 Ab-treated embryos; two-sided Mann–Whitney U test; p = 0.2468). Error bars show SEM. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.
PMC9091272
41467_2022_30237_Fig7_HTML.jpg
0.425478
d7f60b1e3b7849f48ed093d7b4240729
A primary tumor cell escape gene signature outlines the metastatic features of neural crest-related cancers.a, b Unsupervised clustering and corresponding heatmap using mRNA expression for upregulated (a) and downregulated (b) “primary tumor cell escape” gene sets in IGR-N91 cell aggregates treated with control medium, E8-cSGcm or E8-cDRGcm. The z-score for each transcript is color-coded. Each experimental condition was sequenced in duplicate. c Scores obtained from enrichment plots analyzing the behavior of the “primary tumor cell escape” gene sets in neuroblastoma cohorts (GSE85047, E-GEOD-45547, GSE120572, E-MTAB-8248) and in E8-cSGcm- and E8-cDRGcm-treated IGR-N91 cell aggregates compared to the control condition. For NB, comparison between loco-regional NBs and stage 4 metastatic NBs are performed (Phenotype-based permutation test72, nom p < 0.05; FDR q < 0.25). d, e Unsupervised clustering and corresponding heatmap using mRNA expression for upregulated (d) and downregulated (e) “metastasis of neural crest-derived cancer” gene sets in IGR-N91 cell aggregates treated with control medium, E8-cSGcm or E8-cDRGcm. The z score for each transcript is color-coded. Each experimental condition was sequenced in duplicate. f Scores obtained from enrichment plots analyzing the behavior of “metastasis of neural crest-derived cancer” gene sets in published cohorts of patients having neural crest-related cancers, -ie: neuroblastoma, melanoma or pheochromocytoma or non-neural crest-related cancers -ie: colorectal, breast and pancreatic cancers-. For NB, comparison between loco-regional NBs and stage 4 metastatic NBs are performed in three cohorts (E-GEOD-45547, GSE120572, E-MTAB-8248). For melanoma, local melanomas were compared to general cases (GSE65904). Pheochromocytomas (GSE67066) were confronted according to their benign or malignant phenotype. For colorectal (GSE39582), breast (GSE102484) and pancreatic (TCGA_PAAD) cancers, local versus metastatic cases were confronted (Phenotype-based permutation test72, nom p < 0.05; FDR q < 0.25).
PMC9091272
41467_2022_30237_Fig8_HTML.jpg
0.428154
c7bfa59657ea460b8741d33534c962ce
The OLFM1 receptor RTN4R is functionally involved in NB loss of cell–cell cohesion and migratory response to sympathetic cues.a–c Kaplan–Meier analysis of overall survival probability according to RTN4R (a), APP (b) and GRIA2 (c) expression levels in Shi and Fischer’s published cohort (GEO: GSE62564; http://r2.amc.nl; n = 498 samples). Raw and Bonferroni corrected p values are indicated on the graphs. d, e Representative pictures (d) and quantification of cell–cell cohesion rate (e) of IGR-N91 cell aggregates transfected with a control (siSCR) or a RTN4R siRNA (siRTN4Ra) or an APP siRNA (siAPP) or a GRIA2 siRNA (siGRIA2) and treated with E8-cSGcm (N = 5 independent experiments; n: number of aggregates analyzed per condition; two-sided Mann–Whitney U test; ctl vs E8-cSGcm: siScr: p < 0.0001, siRTN4Ra: p = 0.0272, siAPP: p = 0.0003, siGRIA2: p = 0.0001; comparison to E8-cSGcm/siScr: E8-cSGcm/siRTN4Ra: p < 0.0001, E8-cSGcm/siAPP: p = 0.1343, E8-cSGcm/siAPP: p = 0.8601). f, g Representative pictures (f) and quantification of cell–cell cohesion rate (g) of IGR-N91 cell aggregates transfected with a control (siSCR) or a RTN4R siRNAs (siRTN4Ra, siRTN4Rb) together or not with a vector encoding for human RTN4R (pRTN4R-Myc), and treated with 10 µg/mL rOLFM1 (N = 3 independent experiments; n: number of aggregates analyzed per condition;; two-sided Mann–Whitney U test; ctl vs rOLFM1: siScr: p < 0.0001, siRTN4Ra: p = 0.2455; rOLFM1/siRTN4Ra pCtl vs pRTN4R-Myc: p < 0.0001). h Quantification of IGR-N91 cells migration properties in transwell assays using E8-cSGcm in the lower part of the device. Cells were transfected either with a control (siSCR) or a RTN4R siRNA (siRTN4Ra) or an APP siRNA (siAPP) or a GRIA2 siRNA (siGRIA2). Ratios over the number of migrating cells in the control condition (medium without any cultured tissue in the lower part) are shown (N = 5 independent experiments, two-sided Mann–Whitney U test; comparison to siScr: siRTN4Ra: p = 0.0079, siAPP: p = 0.4206, siGRIA2: p = 0.0159). i, j Representative pictures (i) and quantification of cell-cell cohesion rate (j) of IGR-N91 cell aggregates treated with E8-cSGcm supplemented or not with 50 μg/mL RTN4R antibody (RTN4R Ab) (N = 3 independent experiments; n: number of aggregates analyzed per condition; using two-sided unpaired t test with Welch’s correction; ctl vs E8-cSGcm: p < 0.0001, E8-cSGcm vs E8-cSGcm + RTN4R Ab: p < 0.0001). Error bars show SEM. Scale bar: 1 mm. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.
PMC9091272
41467_2022_30237_Fig9_HTML.jpg
0.487827
a3d9a2a57b8840fba84b960a0368d9e1
SARS-CoV-2 infection numbers and hospitalisation rate per ethnic group in the United Kingdom population. (A) The proportion of individuals in each population of the entire 100KGP cohort was assigned with a probability of >0.8 for any one ancestry. (B) Percentage of patients who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 presented as positive cases in each ethnic background relative to the total positive cases in the 100KGP. (C) Percentage of hospitalised patients per total positive individuals in each ethnic group. p values are calculated using the Chi-square test.
PMC9091502
fgene-13-888025-g001.jpg
0.478617
b840592190374c3f863f8607de0b97f1
Allelic frequency of nonsynonymous ACE2 variants in different ethnicities. (A) Allelic frequency of ACE2 coding variants present in individual ethnicities, graphed as a log base 2-fold change relative to the allelic frequency in 100KGP unrelated controls (n = 37,207). (B) Allelic frequency of ACE2 coding variants in individual ethnicities that increase SARS-CoV-2 S protein binding affinity for ACE2. (C) Allelic frequency of ACE2 coding variants in separate ethnicities that decrease SARS-CoV-2 S protein binding affinity for ACE2. All heat maps are graphed with values below and above zero set relative to the dataset. Shades of red indicate increased allelic frequency and green decreased allelic frequency, with lighter shades appearing as values move closer to no appreciated change relative to the 100KGP allelic frequencies, as indicated by white. Coding variants displayed by protein location and amino acid change.
PMC9091502
fgene-13-888025-g002.jpg
0.403496
8c83c66fa72349cb9ed770f848013995
Interaction diagrams of ACE2 variants and SARS-CoV-2 S-protein. (A) Crystal structure of ACE2 and SARS-Cov-2 S protein (pdb identifier: 6LZG) with ACE2 coloured in red-orange and the RBD domain of the SARS-CoV-2 S protein in light blue. Regions of interest are highlighted and expanded in panel (B), showing mutated residues M455V, Y515N, H345R, H378R and H401R with wild-type sequences (left) and mutated sequences (right). Hydrogen bonds are shown in green, Zinc ions are shown in purple, and water molecules are shown in red.
PMC9091502
fgene-13-888025-g003.jpg
0.479765
7570186415e04bf2a236d2ec4e3b4cf1
Statistically significant eQTLs in SARS-CoV-2 positive individuals. Displayed by total positive individuals (value on the left) and by ethnic background (value on the right), values are presented as log base 2-fold change relative to the allelic frequency within non-positive individuals found in the 100KGP (n = 37,207). eQTLs are also subdivided by effects on ACE2 expression, with eQTLs known to associate with increased ACE2 expression marked by a red arrow and those associated with decreased ACE2 expression marked by a green arrow. All displayed eQTLs are significant based on chi-squared test, and yellow highlighted eQTLs had Cohen’s values above 0.2. All eQTLs are referenced by rs identifiers.
PMC9091502
fgene-13-888025-g004.jpg
0.520494
754eff6f5a0141a89657b0532bcaf3eb
Schematic representation of the ACE2 gene with variants affecting risk. Genomic structure is based on the Ensembl canonical transcript (ENST00000252519.8), which has 18 exons, a transcript length of 3,339 bps, and a translation length of 805 residues. Exons are shown as blue boxes, the 5′ and 3′ UTRs are shown as grey boxes, and the horizontal black dashed line represents the introns. The eQTLs that increase and decrease ACE2 expression levels are depicted as green and red boxes, respectively. Only eQTLs with a Cohen’s d effect size >0.2 are shown. Missense and splicing variants are shown with their CDS and protein position. The locations of the variants associated with increased and decreased COVID-19 susceptibility are shown above and below the gene, respectively.
PMC9091502
fgene-13-888025-g005.jpg
0.39727
8d470fc4e50e44a498fee349cbb52f5b
Theoretical content development using the Behavior Change Wheel. BCT: behavior change technique; SSBC: Small Steps for Big Change.
PMC9092234
formative_v6i4e36143_fig1.jpg
0.560473
74a1ec623f46402f9f42a90d285cca23
Intervention components and component levels. mHealth: mobile health; SSBC: Small Steps for Big Change.
PMC9092234
formative_v6i4e36143_fig2.jpg
0.544114
6c4ac20cc65d4d8cb81218a3a5818eb4
Conceptual model.
PMC9092234
formative_v6i4e36143_fig3.jpg
0.389817
17dada2332af43909e2630d956ffe3cb
Heatmap of most frequent mutations divided by AML (red) and MDS status (blue). TP53 allelic status is indicated by dark gray (multihit) and light gray (monoallelic), and white is absence of TP53. All other mutations are indicated by black (present) and white (absent). MK is also indicated by black (present) and white (absent).
PMC9092405
advancesADV2021006239f1.jpg
0.477982
da717fd789424ebabb5bb583e520cfef
Overall survival (OS) of patients based on therapy related status, AML vs. MDS, bone marrow blast percentage strata, and TP53 status in all patients and in the MDS and AML subsets. (A) OS of all patients based on therapy-related (median, 10.2 months) vs de novo status (median, 12.2 months), P = .08. (B) OS of all patients based on MDS (median OS, 13.0 months) vs AML (median, 9.4 months, P = .52). (C) OS of all patients based on BM blasts 0% to 4% (median, 14 months) vs 5% to 9% blasts (median, 15.5 months) vs 10% to 19% blasts (median, 10.5 months) vs >20% blasts (median, 9.5 months) (P = .52). (D) OS of all patients based on TP53 mutation status; no mutation (median, 33.9 months) vs TP53 monoallelic (median, 12.5 months) vs TP53 multihit (median, 9.4 months), P < .0001. For TP53 monoallelic vs multihit, P = .05. (E) OS of MDS patients based on TP53 mutation status; no mutation (median, 36.5 months) vs TP53 monoallelic (median, 15.4 months) vs TP53 multihit (median, 10.2 months), P < .0001. For TP53 monoallelic vs multihit, P = .02. (F) OS of AML patients based on TP53 mutation status; no mutation (median, 23.2 months) vs TP53 monoallelic (median, 5.2 months) vs TP53 multihit (median, 9.0 months), P = .003. For TP53 monoallelic vs multihit, P = .68.
PMC9092405
advancesADV2021006239f2.jpg
0.438582
15a365315514448ca08f84c0ab9eaf29
Kaplan-Meier survival analysis of freedom from local recurrence (FFLR) for patients after treatment with brachytherapy (right) as well as preceding treatment (left) (P = .011).
PMC9092639
vdac039f0001.jpg
0.450576
d24f321671bd4b14bfe4794626857f2d
(A) Kaplan-Meier survival analysis of freedom from local recurrence (FFLR) for patients with primary lung cancer in the brachytherapy cohort compared to the matched control cohort demonstrating a significantly longer time to recurrence in the brachytherapy group (P = .004). (B) Kaplan-Meier survival analysis of overall survival (OS) of the brachytherapy cohort compared to matched controls (P = .055).
PMC9092639
vdac039f0002.jpg
0.45022
103cc0791cca40e0906b1e4a553b2d9b
Three axis representing independent theories (all inside NCG), starting from spin Riemannian geometry at the origin. Abbreviations and terminology: YM = Yang–Mills; SM = Standard Model
PMC9095567
23_2021_1138_Fig1_HTML.jpg
0.474328
7b516adb13964c7492bef52a9ac1c0b6
Depicting the organization of this article, following the path PQR. Here, \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$F_{{\textsc {ym}}\text {-}{\textsc {h}}}={(M_n({\mathbb {C}}), M_n({\mathbb {C}}),D_F)}$$\end{document}FYM-H=(Mn(C),Mn(C),DF) corresponds to the spectral triple for the Yang–Mills–Higgs theory and \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$${G_\mathrm {f}}$$\end{document}Gf is a fuzzy four-dimensional geometry. As outlook (dashed), to reach a smooth geometry at the point S one needs a sensible limit (e.g., large-N and possibly tuning some parameters to criticality) in order to achieve phase transition
PMC9095567
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Illustration of the group G. Such group appears in the description of \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$${\mathcal {U}}(A_1\otimes A_2)\cong G / {\mathbb {C}}^\times $$\end{document}U(A1⊗A2)≅G/C×. There the indices refer to each \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$ \mathrm {U}(n_i)$$\end{document}U(ni)-factor, \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$i\ne j$$\end{document}i≠j, and the \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\rho $$\end{document}ρ and \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\rho ^{-1}$$\end{document}ρ-1 might lie outside the unit circle (thick line)
PMC9095567
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Workflow of the CNN method.
PMC9095893
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Examples of training data. (a, b) The high-resolution (b) and corresponding low-resolution (a) image pair of a single line. (c, d) The high-resolution (d) and corresponding low-resolution (c) image pair of two closely-located lines. Diameters of the lines are 76μm in (a), 33μm in (b), and 25μm (top) and 33μm (bottom) in (d). Note that due to the added noise, diameters in (c) are no longer resolvable. SNR is 28.49 dB in (a) and 23.27 dB in (c). No noise is added to (b) and (d). Scale bar: 200 μm.
PMC9095893
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AR-PAM images of tungsten wires: (a) raw PA images, (b) by R-L-10, (c) by R-L-15, (d) by R-L-30, (e) by D-MB, (f) by FDUNet, (g) by RCAN, (h) by EDSR, (i) by RRDBNet, (j) by FFANet, and (k) the ground truth images (simulated using Gaussian profiles with the FWHM equal to the original diameters of tungsten wires). Top to bottom rows correspond to the original diameter of 20 μm, 30 μm, 50 μm, 80 μm, and 120 μm of tungsten wires, respectively. Scale bar: 200 μm.
PMC9095893
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Quantitative analysis for tungsten wire imaging experiment. (a) RSE by different methods. The “Average” bars are the average RSE defined as the average of RSE of cases 2–5 (the original diameters of 30, 50, 80, and 120μm). (b) SNR by different methods. (c) CNR by different methods.
PMC9095893
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Resolution enhancement enabled by R–L deconvolution, D-MB deconvolution, and the CNN methods for phantom imaging of leaf veins. AR-PAM images: (a) raw PA image, (b) by R-L-10, (c) by R-L-15, (d) by D-MB, (e) by FDUNet, (f) by EDSR, (g) by RRDBNet, and (h) by FFANet. (i) optical microscopy image. (j–l) 1D profiles along the lines #1-#3, respectively, in (a)–(h). Scale bar: 500 μm.
PMC9095893
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RSE results of the ten regions by different methods. (a) average RSE with the error bars as standard deviations. (b) RSE distribution in boxplots.
PMC9095893
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Resolution enhancement results for in vivo imaging of mouse ear blood vessels. AR-PAM images: (a) raw PA image, (b) by R-L-10, (c) by FDUNet, (d) by EDSR, (e) by RRDBNet, and (f) by FFANet. (g,h) 1D profiles along the lines #4 (g) and #5 (h), respectively, in (a)–(f). The white arrow indicates the representative area with closely-located arteries and veins. The blue arrow indicates the representative area with small vessels. Scale bar: 1 mm.
PMC9095893
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