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0.464875 | c5e3d37936474443a059c13e2c9a8cb7 | Charges of l-lysine as a function of pH. The data have been taken from references15,16. | PMC9668811 | 41598_2022_24109_Fig1_HTML.jpg |
0.46952 | dde620efcf6f4b808cc8de53bbd06a75 | UV–Vis absorption spectra in the 200–500 nm range of l-lysine at pH 2.5 (a), 7.3 (b), 9.7 (c), and 13 (d). The red, green, and blue curves show the absorption spectra of the as-prepared aqueous solution, and after hydrothermal treatment at 130 and 200 °C, respectively. The concentration of l-lysine in the precursor solution was 0.87 M. | PMC9668811 | 41598_2022_24109_Fig2_HTML.jpg |
0.422788 | 9f71dd188a0648b9a9a2cbda21584eed | Excitation(y)–emission(x)–intensity (normalized false-color intensity scale) map of the aqueous solutions of l-lysine at different pHs and after the hydrothermal treatment at 130 and 200 °C. The concentration in the precursor solution was 0.87 M. | PMC9668811 | 41598_2022_24109_Fig3_HTML.jpg |
0.440365 | e19de0fcd9784855b7b9f5f8f243a944 | 1H NMR spectra of the l-lysine samples after hydrothermal treatment at 130 °C using aqueous solutions at different pH. From bottom to top: untreated l-lysine and pH 2.5, 7.3, 9.7, and 13. | PMC9668811 | 41598_2022_24109_Fig4_HTML.jpg |
0.454677 | 70c4a0fa5eaa434d82bb85b86331eb80 | 1H NMR spectra of the l-lysine samples after hydrothermal treatment at 200 °C using aqueous solutions at different pH. From bottom to top: untreated l-lysine and at pH 2.5, 7.3, 9.7, and 13. | PMC9668811 | 41598_2022_24109_Fig5_HTML.jpg |
0.488443 | 31c98c61b2a44effa7fbd3f40aa7a562 | FTIR absorption spectra at 25 °C of D2O solutions of l-lysine at different pDs (2.8, red line; 7.2, green line; 9.6, blue line; 12.6, magenta line). The spectra have been acquired in ATR mode. | PMC9668811 | 41598_2022_24109_Fig6_HTML.jpg |
0.444031 | 0af30021c30c4102b4f4237a101f9aa4 | FTIR absorption spectra in the 1800–1500 cm−1 range of l-lysine after the hydrothermal treatment at 200 °C. | PMC9668811 | 41598_2022_24109_Fig7_HTML.jpg |
0.463209 | 8cfd90d3e01c4e82a1562da23a4b65a2 | (a) FTIR absorption spectra of the pH 13 samples obtained by HT at 200 °C in the 1800–1200 cm−1 range and recorded in situ at increasing temperatures, from 25 up to 200 °C. (b) 3D map of the FTIR spectra, wavenumber (X-axis)–temperature (Y-axis)–intensity (false color scale). (c) 2D IR correlation asynchronous spectra; the intensity is shown in a false color scale. | PMC9668811 | 41598_2022_24109_Fig8_HTML.jpg |
0.42269 | 410e204df2c4473eb464fd4c1d91cade | (a) CD spectra of HT-130 °C poly-l-lysine prepared from l-lysine aqueous solutions at different pHs (2.5, green line; 7.3, sky blue line; 9.7, red line; blue, 13). The samples have been measured at 20 °C. (b) CD spectra of HT-200 °C poly-l-lysine prepared from l-lysine aqueous solutions at different pHs (2.5, green line; 7.3, sky blue line; 9.7, red line; blue, 13). The samples have been measured at 20 °C. The CD spectra of pure l-lysine in aqueous solutions at different pH are the dashed lines. (c) CD spectra of HT-130 °C poly-l-lysine from the figure a, overlapped to the simulated CD spectra shown as dotted lines. The simulations have been performed by adding different fractions of HT-200 °C PLL (see Fig. 10b) to the corresponding l-lysine aqueous solutions. The CD spectra of l-lysine at pH 13 is normalised because it has been measured with 0.1 cm path length instead of 0.01 cm employed in the other measures. | PMC9668811 | 41598_2022_24109_Fig9_HTML.jpg |
0.453882 | d0e0402ea5f9433b85e83da7b8761d7b | The conceptual framework of the study's hypotheses development. Env.F, Environmental Factor (H1) → Intention to adopt GSCM; Gov.F, Governmental Factor (H2) → Intention to adopt GSCM; Org.F, Organization Factor (H3) → Intention to adopt GSCM; Cust.F, Customer Factor (H4) → Intention to adopt GSCM; Sup.F, Supplier Factor (H5) → Intention to adopt GSCM; Eco.F, Economic Factor (H6) → Intention to adopt GSCM; Mkt.F, Market Factor (H7) → Intention to adopt GSCM; Op.F, Operational Factor (H8) → Intention to adopt GSCM; CIT, CIT (H9a–H9h) → Intention to adopt GSCM. | PMC9670145 | fpsyg-13-1008982-g0001.jpg |
0.420369 | 1fac86276d554ed1ba52349d5b9bf0ac | The skewness and kurtosis distributions. | PMC9670145 | fpsyg-13-1008982-g0002.jpg |
0.417654 | 3bbe94bf526841e49255cc930925f137 | The results of the study. | PMC9670145 | fpsyg-13-1008982-g0003.jpg |
0.385271 | 8bb5954ca5ac4aafac8f918ab5851e6a | Modified DISCERN, JAMA and GQS. JAMA, Journal of American Medical Association; GQS, Global Quality Score | PMC9670470 | 12903_2022_2540_Fig1_HTML.jpg |
0.393961 | 3854cb28f18444b7b16472cc3f75262c | Examples of patients with mild, moderate, and severe pulmonary contusions on axial views of the admission chest CT: (A) upper left, mild contusion; (B) upper right, moderate contusion; and (C) lower left, severe contusion. | PMC9671593 | jt-93-721-g002.jpg |
0.438716 | 3e1c7289aca14329a1543886a91c6b42 | The rapid increase in protein sequence records of SARS-CoV-2 deposited in the specialist repository, GISAID EpiCoV™. Data is shown from January 2020 to September 2022. The NCBI Virus resource is included for comparison and the timeline of major COVID-19 pandemic events and sequencing milestones are also indicated (see Carvalho et al., 2021 and https://www.who.int/en/activities/tracking-SARS-CoV-2-variants/). VBM, Variants Being Monitored; VOC, Variants of Concern; WHO, World Health Organization. | PMC9673753 | fmicb-13-1020148-g0001.jpg |
0.49774 | c6ef85494c4841628f919ab57ce5d8c8 | Design and workflow of the study. STAD stomach adenocarcinoma; TCGA The Cancer Genome Atlas, GTEx Genotype-Tissue Expression, DEGs differentially expressed genes, JMI joint mutual information, GEO Gene Expression Omnibus, t-SNE t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding, ROC receiver operator characteristic. | PMC9674689 | 41598_2022_21760_Fig1_HTML.jpg |
0.424554 | b075ade914954ea2ae675023ee9131dd | Relative expression levels of the 11 candidate genes in STAD tumor and normal samples. The data was obtained from the UCSC Xena website, and the boxplot displayed value ranges for each gene in two groups. | PMC9674689 | 41598_2022_21760_Fig2_HTML.jpg |
0.425906 | 25506355b0b1481d96984f7b989afba2 | Classification of STAD tumor and normal groups. (A, B) T-SNE plots displayed the distribution of tumor and normal samples based on the 8,863 DEGs and the 11 candidate genes, respectively. (C) Bi-clustering heatmap of the 11 candidate genes and all 623 samples. DEGs: differentially expressed genes. | PMC9674689 | 41598_2022_21760_Fig3_HTML.jpg |
0.465805 | b9414e6878644743bc55db39bca1b697 | Classification between gastric tumor and normal tissues. (A) T-SNE plots displayed the distribution of tumor and normal samples based on the 11 candidate genes in the GSE33335 dataset. (B) T-SNE plots displayed the distribution of tumor and normal samples based on the ten candidate genes in the GSE103236 dataset. (C) Bi-clustering heatmap of the 11 candidate genes and 50 samples in the GSE33335 dataset. (D) Bi-clustering heatmap of the ten candidate genes and 19 samples in the GSE103236 dataset. | PMC9674689 | 41598_2022_21760_Fig4_HTML.jpg |
0.524205 | 95e907fb2ace4333853a12969ae882a8 | Relative expression levels of ECT2 and RNFT2 in tumor subgroups at virous stages. The violin boxplots depicted value ranges of the two genes, with the dot in each plot representing the average value. | PMC9674689 | 41598_2022_21760_Fig5_HTML.jpg |
0.474301 | 26f7808d7710400aa1bd9f8b2a955632 | Kaplan–Meier survival curves based on COL10A1, CTHRC1, and INHBA expression levels. The cut-off values classified gene expression as high (high) or low (low). The horizontal axis represents survival time (days), and the vertical axis represents overall survival rate. | PMC9674689 | 41598_2022_21760_Fig6_HTML.jpg |
0.442381 | 1bda34dc64c04f6d852ef8aa600f5abc | Study region showing (a) Arabian sea overlaid with the track of TC Tauktae, location of wave rider buoy AD07 and Ratnagiri used to validate WW3 is marked, (b) LISS-IV image of Chellanam region, location of time series Wave Watch III data used to force the XBeach model is shown as white circle; (c) Bathymetry of the domain used to simulate the nearshore wave dynamics using XBeach model, BW is the break water, the inset demarcates regions as A and B and the point locations 1 to 10 are used to estimate Hln [We have used licensed version of ArcGIS desktop version 10.5 available at Space Applications Centre to prepare this figure, http://www.esri.com/]. | PMC9675841 | 41598_2022_24557_Fig1_HTML.jpg |
0.418922 | ebeb93b841ae4c46b8f2d537086cd0b5 | Validation of WW3 significant wave height forecast with buoy observations (a) offshore (b) coastal. | PMC9675841 | 41598_2022_24557_Fig2_HTML.jpg |
0.503678 | 512d55f24f98418f92b325f4aca624a9 | (a) Shot wave parameters at the offshore boundary; (b) Significant wave height at points 1 to 5 (Fig. 1); (c) Significant wave height at points 6 to 10 (Fig. 1). | PMC9675841 | 41598_2022_24557_Fig3_HTML.jpg |
0.471382 | 7be264849ae145a4b2c0b1ae9ef054e4 | The change in the significant wave height of Hsh and Hln at region A and B from offshore boundary to the shoreline. | PMC9675841 | 41598_2022_24557_Fig4_HTML.jpg |
0.435565 | be27e5d84ca74feb88432c3d7078a217 | Simulated maximum (a) wave setup and (b) significant wave height (short wave) during the period of TC Tauktae at Chellanam. | PMC9675841 | 41598_2022_24557_Fig5_HTML.jpg |
0.505512 | f017b16358e444fc89a2f43fd5e8d0ab | Maximum water level due to wave setup at region A, B, along with the corresponding bathymetry profiles. | PMC9675841 | 41598_2022_24557_Fig6_HTML.jpg |
0.46736 | c7d18e5fbc4d4edf865ebac8a66c9fdd | (a) Predicted tide at Chellanam and wave set up averaged over 15 min at locations 5 and 10 of regions A and B, respectively. (b) Experimental simulation with the out-of-phase tide and constant tide of 0.4 m at region A. | PMC9675841 | 41598_2022_24557_Fig7_HTML.jpg |
0.457514 | 039344f91bde42ed894a0377b81ba2fe | Simulated coastal inundation at Chellanam over Google Earth images. The point locations shown are (a) Cheriyakadavu, (b) Kannamali, (c) Velankanni, (d) Kandakkadavu and the corresponding photographs of inundation are shown in the right panel. | PMC9675841 | 41598_2022_24557_Fig8_HTML.jpg |
0.451037 | 3589fc3ee4784dc387fcccdbbd1a1b06 | View of pulmonary embolism in computerized tomographic angiography. | PMC9676610 | PJMS-38-2182-g001.jpg |
0.486293 | 4f7296afe37c45ccb655c28a0db5c950 | Geographic distribution and five FAA levels of genetic panel. (A) Geographic distribution of indica and japonica accessions in the genetic panel; indica accessions are indicated in red, and blue represents japionica accessions. (B–F) Violin plots of Val, Leu, Ile, Arg, and Trp contents for all, indica, and japonica accessions; *** indicate statistical significance at the 0.1% probability level | PMC9676653 | fpls-13-1048860-g001.jpg |
0.415501 | 596f88cb324e471da6cab679c4dd876c | Population analyses of the genetic panel. (A) Phylogenetic tree of 448 rice accessions. (B) Principal component analysis of 448 rice accessions. (C) Population structure estimated by ADMIXTURE. (D) LD decay analysis of the genetic panel; LD decay of all 448 rice accessions, indica accessions, and japonica accessions is indicated in black, red, and blue, respectively. | PMC9676653 | fpls-13-1048860-g002.jpg |
0.517731 | 9e46209e3a8f4b15aaa4edc986b6c840 | Circos map of QTLs and QEIs in rice genome identified from Val (A), Leu (B), Ile (C), Arg (D), and Trp (E) datasets. Track A: 12 rice chromosomes; Track B: heatmap of SNP density with bin sizes of 0.1 Mb; Track C: total unique QTNs detcted by all used methods; Track D: stable QTLs co-detected by no more than two methods; Track E: all detected QEIs by the 3VmrMLM method. | PMC9676653 | fpls-13-1048860-g003.jpg |
0.409013 | b7b1ab55af7c45c5a5b577af4ea923a5 | Venn diagrams of unique QTNs detected by different GWAS methods from Val (A), Leu (B), Ile (C), Arg (D), and Trp (E) datasets. mrMLM represents mrMLM series methods including mrMLM, FASTmrEMMA, pLARmEB, pKWmEB, ISIS EM-BLASSO, and FASTmrMLM. | PMC9676653 | fpls-13-1048860-g004.jpg |
0.483989 | 9785d486d8c64fad94fc610a60d562cb | Box plots of the number of stable QTL with positive-effect alleles (NPQTL) in relation to Val, Leu, Ile, Arg, and Trp contents (A–E). ** indicates statistical significance at the 1% probability level. | PMC9676653 | fpls-13-1048860-g005.jpg |
0.454225 | 3fea38e74aa34bbabd592c7ce1e285df | Analyses of Val and Ile level associated gene LOC_Os01g19220 and Leu level associated gene LOC_Os01g12940. (A) Significant tests between three haplotypes of LOC_Os01g19220 and Val contents. (B) Significant tests between three haplotypes of LOC_Os01g19220 and Ile contents. (C) Three haplotypes of LOC_Os01g19220 and their distribution in indica and japonica accessions. (D) Haplotype network of LOC_Os01g19220. (E) Expression profile of LOC_Os01g19220 based on ePlant transcriptome analysis in rice; expression strength coded by color from yellow (low) to red (high). (F) Significant tests between three haplotypes of LOC_Os01g12940 and Leu contents. (G) Three haplotypes of LOC_Os01g12940 and their distribution in indica and japonica accessions. (H) Haplotype network of LOC_Os01g12940. (I) Expression profile of LOC_Os01g12940 based on ePlant transcriptome analysis in rice, expression strength coded by color from yellow (low) to red (high). *** and NS indicate statistical significance at the 0.1% probability level and no significant difference, respectively. | PMC9676653 | fpls-13-1048860-g006.jpg |
0.427689 | e08cc425ed9d402b8a0e8e1b8c9a4af3 | Analyses of Arg level associated gene LOC_Os05g49760 and Trp level associated gene LOC_Os11g06900. (A) Significant tests between three haplotypes of LOC_Os05g49760 and Arg contents. (B) Three haplotypes of LOC_Os05g49760 and their distribution in indica and japonica accessions. (C) Haplotype network of LOC_Os05g49760. (D) Expression profile of LOC_Os05g49760 based on ePlant transcriptome analysis in rice, expression strength coded by color from yellow (low) to red (high). (E) Significant tests between two haplotypes of LOC_Os11g06900 and Trp contents. (F) Three haplotypes of LOC_Os11g06900 and their distribution in indica and japonica accessions. (G) Haplotype network of LOC_Os11g06900. (H) Expression profile of LOC_Os11g06900 based on ePlant transcriptome analysis in rice, expression strength coded by color from yellow (low) to red (high). *, **, and *** indicate statistical significance at the 5%, 1%, and 0.1% probability level, respectively. | PMC9676653 | fpls-13-1048860-g007.jpg |
0.479795 | 9eb89f57f02d4b078e149be4c167ac6f | (A) Endoscopic appearance of right nasal cavity, (B) endoscopic appearance of left nasal cavity, (C) paranasal tomography coronal section, and (D) paranasal tomography axial section.AMT: Accessory middle turbinate; IT: Inferior turbinate; MT: Middle turbinate; S: Septum, star shows middle turbinate, arrow shows mucosal contact point, arrowhead shows accessory middle turbinate. | PMC9677061 | NCI-9-537-g001.jpg |
0.422372 | b5f2feec449a429391a60079ea74db1f | TILs spatial phenotype and stromal TILs (sTILs) scores across the three subtypes of breast cancer. A. Representative images depicting the spatial distribution of TILs in breast cancer. Representative images of four phenotypes of spatial TILs are presented here for a. Intra-tumoral TILs, b. Peri-tumoral TILs, c. Stromal TILs and d. Desert TILs. The yellow area represents the tumor area. Red arrows indicate TILs. Blue lines are the scale bars representing 100 μm. B. Stacked bar graph representing percent number of patients across the subtypes for four phenotypes of spatial TILs. The number of patients and percentage is shown as n (%). Distribution of number of patients across the spatial phenotypes according to their subtypes is tested by 3*4 χ2 (Chi-Square) contingency test. C. Representative images depicting stromal TILs distribution. Representative images of sTILs scores are presented here for ER+ (left panel), HER2+ (middle panel) & TNBC (right panel) with sTILs scores mentioned at the left bottom. Blue lines are the scale bars representing 200 μm. D. Box plot shows the distribution of sTILs scores across ER+, HER2+ and TNBC subtypes. The horizontal line represents the median. Error bars represent 10th and 90th percentile values. The number of patient samples (n) are shown in the box plot. The distribution of the sTILs scores amongst subtypes was analyzed for statistical significance with the Kruskal Wallis test and individual comparison between two subtypes by Mann-Whitney test, using GraphPad Prism v.5. *represent p-value of < 0.05, *** represents p-value < 0.0005 | PMC9677664 | 13000_2022_1271_Fig1_HTML.jpg |
0.444304 | 89ad0be5db234286909e17ce02eb0bee | Spatial TILs phenotype and sTILs scores association with NACT response. A Spatial TILs phenotype and its association with response to NACT. Table showing the number of patients according to their TILs spatial phenotype and pathological response, where the response is measured as pCR and RD. Distribution of the number of patients across four phenotypes of spatial TILs was analyzed with the 4*2 χ2 contingency test using GraphPad Prism v.5. The bold font indicates significant p-values. B-E Spatial TILs phenotypes and its association with response to NACT across subtypes. Stacked bar graph representing percent number of patients with each spatial TILs phenotype with respect to NACT response. The therapy response is reported as pCR and RD according to the spatial TILs phenotype of the tumor for B. the IDC cohort, C. ER+ subtype D. HER2+ subtype E. TNBC subtype. The number of patients and percentage is shown in each bar as n (%). F Table showing the distribution of IDC and TNBC patients with pCR or RD with respect to binned sTILs score; Low sTILs (< 10%), Moderate sTILs (10–40%) and High sTILs (≥40%). χ2 p-value was computed using GraphPad Prism V.5. G-J; Box plots depicting mean sTILs scores separated according to the response to NACT for the cohort and the three subtypes. The number of tissue samples (n) is shown on top of each bar. Error bars represent 10th and 90th percentile values. Mann Whitney test was performed to analyze significant distribution of mean sTILs scores. p-value < 0.05 is represented with ‘*’, < 0.01 with ‘**’ and, < 0.0001 with ‘***’. ns = non-significant. GraphPad Prism v.5 was used for the graphs and statistical calculations | PMC9677664 | 13000_2022_1271_Fig2_HTML.jpg |
0.428323 | 73057811c0a1403f94a741dbf9db089a | sTILs scores compared between pre-NACT and post-NACT tumor tissue. A Table represents mean ± S.E sTILs scores across clinicopathological parameters, including radiological and pathological tumor size, lymph node status for NACT-treated patients, according to the molecular subtypes. The statistical analysis was done using GraphPad Prism v.5. Kruskal Wallis test was performed to compute the significant difference in mean sTILs scores across breast cancer subtypes. The bold font indicates signifiant p-values. B-G Before-after graph depicting sTILs scores for pre- and post-NACT tumor tissue. Individual sTILs scores for each paired sample is shown for patients who received NACT. B; the IDC cohort, C; patients with pCR and D; patients with RD, E; the IDC cohort, E; ER+ subtype, F; HER2+ subtype and G, TNBC subtype. Paired t-test was performed to test the difference in mean between sTILs scores of primary and post-NACT tissue. The red lines indicate patients who showed pathological complete response (pCR), and black lines indicate patients who had the residual disease (RD). The bold font indicates a significant p-value. p-value < 0.05 is represented with ‘*’, < 0.01 with ‘**’ and, < 0.0001 with ‘***’. ns = non-significant. GraphPad Prism v.5 was used for the graphs and statistical calculations | PMC9677664 | 13000_2022_1271_Fig3_HTML.jpg |
0.450038 | 78c6b3b392bc42a8816ce91c5af99fc2 | Disease-free survival (DFS) for five-year follow-up according to the spatial TILs phenotype and sTILs scores. Disease-free survival (DFS) was calculated as number of months from the date of surgery till the recurrence diagnosis date or last follow-up date up to five years. Kaplan-Meier survival plots for disease-free survival (DFS) are plotted. Each drop shown as a vertical line represents an event i.e., local, or distant recurrence. Survival probability with respect to the spatial TILs phenotype is analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics v. 21.0.0.0. The number of patients at risk at each time interval of 10 months from 0 to 60 months is shown. The number of events is indicated in brackets at respective time points. A-D DFS for the four phenotypes of the spatial TILs; Intra-tumoral TILs, Peri-tumoral TILs, Stromal TILs, and Desert TILs for A; the IDC cohort, B; ER+ subtype C; HER2+ subtype and D; TNBC subtype. In the graph, X-axis represents the time scale in months, and Y-axis represents the survival probability. The green line indicates patients with stromal TILs, the blue line indicates patients with peri-tumoral TILs, the purple line indicates patients with intra-tumoral TILs, and the red line indicates patients with desert TILs phenotype. E-H DFS with respect to binned percent stromal TILs infiltration score. Kaplan-Meier survival plots for disease-free survival (DFS) according to low, moderate & high sTILs score bins for E; the IDC cohort, F; ER+ subtype, G; HER2+ subtype and H; TNBC. In the graph, X-axis represents the time scale in months, and Y-axis represents the survival probability. The blue line indicates patients with low sTILs scores, and the red line indicates patients with moderate scores & green indicates high sTILs scores | PMC9677664 | 13000_2022_1271_Fig4_HTML.jpg |
0.480169 | a08f966e2fdb410ba7246de61727eaf2 | Progress-free survival curves of all patients. | PMC9678514 | medi-101-e31665-g001.jpg |
0.490393 | 4b2495d3a37748c4ab9e73f2dbbfe603 | Progress-free survival curves in both bone and brain groups. | PMC9678514 | medi-101-e31665-g002.jpg |
0.4359 | 9e03ff7379d6479b9e7e9ecb54d0f59c | Progress-free survival curvesin in both squamouscell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma groups. | PMC9678514 | medi-101-e31665-g003.jpg |
0.503453 | 5c0a61f27c784452840b04cb66c3e77f | Waterfall plot of tumor recession for all the patients based on RECIST 1.1 criteria. RECIST = response evaluation criteria in solid tumors. | PMC9678514 | medi-101-e31665-g004.jpg |
0.440435 | 989bb37879da4817b50aace6ff627f47 | Spider map of tumor recession for each patients based on RECIST 1.1 Criteria. RECIST = response evaluation criteria in solid tumors. | PMC9678514 | medi-101-e31665-g005.jpg |
0.456785 | 52a4ef3f488a47219e93e773566b4017 | (a) Aerial photograph of the study area marked with a red boundary and sample locations illustrated by pink circles with corresponding well numbers. (b) Map of the site location illustrating the boundary of Norfolk and the study area marked with a red boundary. | PMC9678709 | gr1.jpg |
0.42443 | 3576fda3098944a48b1cfcc44176eef3 | Heavy metals correlated using linear regression, (a) Correlation between As and Ni, (b) correlation between As and Co, (c) correlation between Ni and Co, (d) correlation between Zn and Mn. | PMC9678709 | gr2.jpg |
0.405001 | 2eb8fdd59b0943f6ac27662e2c689021 | (a–j) Comparison of heavy metal concentrations from landfill samples recovered from the four wells, [(a) As, (b) Co, (c) Cr, (d) Zn, (e) Mn, (f) Cu, (g) Ba, (h) Ni, (i) Cd, (j) Pb]. The numbers above/below boxplots indicate which observation in the dataset (Table 1) is the outlier (numbers are arranged in descending order). | PMC9678709 | gr3.jpg |
0.539878 | df6bf79f97c94e2eb59984aa3cd59a5e | Total organic carbon values for different size fractions from wells 1901 and 1904. | PMC9678709 | gr4.jpg |
0.39255 | b977a07099c04a5f910815ed023e4307 | Correlation graph between total organic carbon and various heavy metals obtained using linear regression line, (a) correlation between TOC and Cr, (b) correlation between TOC and Ba, (c) correlation between TOC and Co, (d) correlation between TOC and Ni. | PMC9678709 | gr5.jpg |
0.449316 | 54b5cbf8a6e24b5c89f1ae5932fe9f2d | Boxplots of the contamination factor values of five heavy metals within the four wells. | PMC9678709 | gr6.jpg |
0.421911 | 86a5bf2a602440b59cc9f427df1c39e1 | (a and b) Cancer risk (CR) values of heavy metals. | PMC9678709 | gr7.jpg |
0.429319 | 480488ab38bb444b8636e999789a49f8 | Erect anterior-posterior chest radiograph performed on admission, displaying prominent bilateral lung hila and widespread interstitial markings, but no consolidation. | PMC9679983 | amjcaserep-23-e938041-g001.jpg |
0.419015 | c841dd02ad4e403a8855e4ba4aebb6d5 | Axial slices of the computed tomography pulmonary angiogram (CTPA) in the arterial phase showing (A) no evidence of significant pulmonary embolism in the main pulmonary artery or the lobar, segmental, and subsegmental branches of the pulmonary tree; and (B) full vascularization of the right upper lobe. | PMC9679983 | amjcaserep-23-e938041-g002.jpg |
0.548043 | 923cc52f31bb46c4954ab6a63d26cc47 | Ventilation/Perfusion (V/Q) scan in the posterior view displaying (A) perfusion and (B) ventilation phases. The perfusion mismatch at the right lung apex is circled in red. L and R indicate the left and right lungs, respectively. | PMC9679983 | amjcaserep-23-e938041-g003.jpg |
0.414005 | 9d05511e1e16469fb7571b59e5fbc62b | Flow chart of the study population. Patient data collected from the VAL database. PCC, primary care centre. | PMC9680155 | bmjopen-2022-064277f01.jpg |
0.517015 | 4dea6185410f44f388e01a0426978b89 | (A–D) Dispensation of medications to all PCCs’ patients. Proportions of all 187 PCCs’ patients who had a stroke who during the study period were dispensed each of the recommended medications at least twice. Proportions have been sorted ascendingly for every group of medications, therefore PCCs are not necessarily in the same position for the different medications. Solid lines (____) denote recommended target levels (80%) by the Swedish National Board of Health and Welfare.2 3 Dotted lines (……) denote mean levels of PCCs. PCC, primary care centres. | PMC9680155 | bmjopen-2022-064277f02.jpg |
0.438342 | c486bb39358245d1b63f03f2c8468242 | Mean ∆Eab values of the study groups. Bar indicates standard deviation (SD), dashed line represents perceptibility threshold (PT) limit and acceptability threshold (AT) limit. * indicates significant difference in mean ∆Eab between T1 and T2 within the groups (p < 0.05). | PMC9680262 | biomimetics-07-00183-g001.jpg |
0.424172 | 1cb940c9a6ca4eb0be5761b025e8888d | Serious game screenshots. Four screenshots of the studied Dutch serious game ‘Medi & Seintje’. Stills (A), (B), (C) and (D) are explained in the text. | PMC9680317 | rmdopen-2022-002616f01.jpg |
0.505789 | 709fa366a0fa4925ab01c7b269170539 | GAMER study participant flow. GAMER, Gaming for Adherence to Medication using Ehealth in Rheumatoid arthritis; N, number. | PMC9680317 | rmdopen-2022-002616f02.jpg |
0.499031 | 8252972391b142ff9f18dc1b5e2e7a69 | Medication adherence rates for control and intervention groups over time. Proportion of adherent participants as determined by the Compliance Questionnaire on Rheumatology (CQR) at baseline, 1 month and 3 months for control and intervention groups. | PMC9680317 | rmdopen-2022-002616f03.jpg |
0.439061 | 58310d109cc34890934fbf435aa91109 | The results of the Rietveld refinement of (a) bovine dentin, (b) bovine enamel, (c) human dentin, and (d) human enamel. The calculated pattern (solid light blue) and observed diffraction (doted red line) profiles are shown, as well as the difference line obtained after the final refinement. The small trace in the difference line indicates the good agreement between the calculated and measured diffraction profile. Rwp, weighted profile R-factor; Rp, unweighted profile R factor; Re, expected R factor; and GOF, goodness-of-fit factor. Based on the Rwp values, the Rietveld refinement fittings of the X-ray data were good for all the samples. The lower trace is the difference between observed and calculated patterns, and the vertical lines mark the positions of the calculated Bragg peaks. | PMC9680385 | jfb-13-00254-g001.jpg |
0.453587 | 64b9505ae50d4ac3af7a8cb4bf3dcdc8 | The polyhedral model using three-dimensional visualization program VESTA. Note: the representations of Ca (blue), P (black), O (red). | PMC9680385 | jfb-13-00254-g002.jpg |
0.453199 | 5e15a1c8a1574ce4abc7aee23e32f513 | Two-dimensional 1H-31P HETCOR of (A) dentin and (B) enamel. The summation projection to the 31P axis is on the upper side of the HETCOR spectrum, and the summation projection to the 1H axis is on the right. On the 31P axis, the 31P spectra are normalized to maximum intensities. On the 1H axis, the 1H spectra are normalized to the intensities of the up-field shift at around 0.5 ppm. | PMC9680385 | jfb-13-00254-g003.jpg |
0.438763 | af905bfafdcd4cc5b214a507965c179c | (A) Clinical image of the nasal dorsum pigmented lesion consisting of a brown-black 2.5cm patch with ill-defined borders that covers the central nasal dorsum. (B–D) Dermoscopy images showing asymmetric pigmented follicular openings (arrows), angulated or polygonal lines (arrowheads), blue-gray dots or peppering (asterisk), and areas of follicle invasion (circles). | PMC9681173 | dp1204a209g001.jpg |
0.419695 | 918e3fe330f14dce9e861c771dad6645 | (A) Clinical image of the 2.2 × 2 cm macule on the chest. (B) Dermoscopic image showing peripheral streaks asymmetrically distributed and central blue-whitish veil. (C) Clinical image of the pigmented lesion on the neck, which presented as an elongated brown-black macule of 1.4 × 0.8 cm. (D) Dermoscopy of the neck lesion where atypical pigmented network and an irregular black blotch at the periphery can be observed. (E) Clinical image of the upper dorsum brown to black 0.5 × 0.3 cm macule. (F) Upper dorsum lesion dermoscopy showing an atypical brown network. (G) Clinical image of the pigmented lesion on the right shoulder presented as a brown-black 0.7 × 0.6 cm macule. (H) Atypical brown network and inferior-left homogeneous brown area on dermoscopy of the shoulder lesion. | PMC9681173 | dp1204a209g002.jpg |
0.411885 | 40ea8df50dbf4fb7b4f5241529b93bb6 | Single-cell mass cytometry reveals distinct immune composition between placental endovasculature and peripheral blood(A) Our setup distinguishes maternal from fetal immune cells and their localization in the vasculature of the MFI.(B and C) Composite UMAP of maternal immune cells in the MFI and PB across E10.5–E18.5, n = 26 mice. (C) Scaled cellular median intensity of lineage markers.(D) Scaled median expression of protein markers used for Leiden clustering across maternal immune cells. First column represents cell type.(E) Distribution of maternal immune cells across TIS, EV, and PB projected onto composite UMAP as contour plot.(F) Fraction of immune cells relative to total in each compartment. Aggregated embryonic days.(G) LDA based on maternal immune cell fractions in each compartment. Each dot represents a sample.(H) Bray-Curtis dissimilarity based on maternal immune cell fractions in each compartment. | PMC9681661 | gr1.jpg |
0.432637 | b0944563c5b24d54b79e4e72013a44f1 | Fetal immune cell characterization at the maternal-fetal interface(A) Composite UMAP of fetal immune cells at MFI across E10.5 (n = 3), E12.5 (n = 3), E14.5 (n = 3), and E18.5 (n = 3).(B) Scaled cellular median intensity of lineage markers.(C) Scaled median expression of markers used for Leiden clustering. First column represents cell type. Last column represents cell fraction relative to total fetal immune cells.(D) Fraction of fetal immune cells relative to all immune cells at MFI across gestation. Samples by embryonic day, 10.5 (n = 3), 11.5 (n = 4), 12.5 (n = 10), 13.5 (n = 3), 14.5 (n = 7), 15.5 (n = 3), 16.5 (n = 3), 17.5 (n = 3), and 18.5 (n = 5).(E) Composite UMAP graph of fetal immune cells colored by embryonic day.(F) Fraction of fetal immune cells at E10.5, E12.5, E14.5, and E18.5. | PMC9681661 | gr2.jpg |
0.399408 | ad6745027f5e4473a514e42bc044bb20 | Mononuclear phagocytes and neutrophils define the gestational immune dynamics at the maternal-fetal interface(A) Stages of placental development throughout the last half of mouse gestation.(B) Microarray data from Knox and Baker (2008) analyzed for expression that significantly changed between E8.5 and 15.0.(C) Maternal immune cell fractions comparing TIS, EV, and PB from E10.5 to E18.5 fitted with linear generalized estimating equation (GEE).(D) Cell fraction of maternal MPs and neutrophils across embryonic days tested, colored by Z score. All days shown have n = 3, except for E12.5, which has n = 2.(E) Training R2 of linear regression across each compartment based on cell fractions across embryonic days (n = 26 per compartment). EV cell fractions were split into early (E10.5–E13.5, n = 11) and late (E14.5–E18.5, n = 15), and linear regression was run independently for each stage. ∗p ≤ 0.05, ∗∗∗p ≤ 0.001, ∗∗∗∗p ≤ 0.0001 (one-way ANOVA for comparing compartments, unpaired t test for early and late stages).(F) Volcano plots of protein median intensity in MPs and neutrophils between early and late stages across TIS and EV. Proteins with significant adjusted p values are shown.(G) Transformed median intensity of PD-L1 and Ly-6C in MPs, and PD-L1 and Ly-6G in neutrophils fitted with linear GEE across compartments and embryonic days.(H) Composite UMAPs of MPs and neutrophils colored by scaled expression of markers. | PMC9681661 | gr3.jpg |
0.427707 | 78f83bec40ea4490b7d79b2506818ebb | Phenotype specialization and temporal regulation of mononuclear phagocytes to placenta microenvironment(A) UMAP and Leiden re-clustering of MPs. Scaled medians of marker expression show seven subsets. The last three columns show the fraction of each MP subset relative to all MPs across compartments (n = 26 per compartment).(B) Transformed median intensities across PD-L1+ MP subsets.(C) UMAPs showing distribution of PD-L1+ MP subsets across compartments.(D) Transformed PD-L1 median intensity of moDC, patrolling, and phagocytic subsets across compartments.(E) Linear GEE fitted fractions of moDC, patrolling, and phagocytic MP subsets relative to maternal immune cells across compartments and gestation.(F) Linear GEE fitted fractions of PD-L1+ MP subsets out of all PDL1+ MPs across compartments and gestation. For (B) and (D), significance is shown as ∗p ≤ 0.05, ∗∗∗p ≤ 0.001 (one-way ANOVA per marker in B and per cell type in D). | PMC9681661 | gr4.jpg |
0.401714 | bb49db29d80f4ebca089ce299a9dc27b | Placenta enriches for noncanonical neutrophil subsets in tissue-compartment-specific manner(A) UMAP and Leiden re-clustering of neutrophils. Scaled medians of marker expression show five neutrophil subsets. The last three show the fraction of each subset relative to all neutrophils across compartments (n = 26 per compartment).(B) Transformed median intensities across subsets.(C) UMAPs showing distribution subsets across compartments.(D) Transformed Ly-6G and PD-L1 median intensity of the immunosuppressive subset across compartments.(E) Transformed CD44 median intensity of the proliferating subset across compartments.(F) Linear GEE fitted to CD80, conventional, presenting, and proliferating subsets relative to maternal immune cells across compartments and gestation. GEE was applied to fit a quadratic model to the immunosuppressive subset.(G) Linear GEE fitted to CD80, conventional, presenting, and proliferating subsets relative to total neutrophils across compartments and gestation. GEE was applied to fit a quadratic model to the immunosuppressive subset. For (B), (D), and (E), significance is shown as ∗∗p ≤ 0.01, ∗∗∗p ≤ 0.001 (one-way ANOVA per marker in B and per cell type in D and E). | PMC9681661 | gr5.jpg |
0.492227 | e87b1c070fdc4772a5931a1937820894 | Immune response to systemic perturbation is dependent on gestational day(A) Set up of systemic maternal immune challenge with poly(I:C) (PIC): baseline E12.5 TIS (n = 10), EV (n = 10), PB (n = 6); baseline E14.5 TIS (n = 7), EV (n = 7), PB (n = 7); PIC E12.5 TIS (n = 4), EV (n = 4), PB (n = 4); PIC E14.5 TIS (n = 3), EV (n = 3), PB (n = 3).(B and C) LDA (B) and Bray-Curtis (C) dissimilarity based on maternal immune cell fractions in each compartment and by treatment. ∗∗p ≤ 0.01, ∗∗∗∗p ≤ 0.0001 (unpaired t test).(D) Maternal immune cell fraction was compared by taking the log2(PIC/SAL). Significant (p < 0.05) changes between challenges are encased by a dotted line.(E) Volcano plots of protein median intensity changes in MPs and neutrophils by compartment following PIC. Proteins with significant changes between SAL and PIC are shown.(F) PD-L1+ fraction of MPs at E12.5 and E14.5 with SAL or PIC.(G) PD-L1+ fraction of neutrophils at E12.5 and E14.5 with SAL or PIC challenge.(H) The PIC over SAL counts of Ly-6Chi MP subset and conventional neutrophil subset were analyzed between days and compartments. p values are uncorrected for multiple comparisons in (D) and (E). | PMC9681661 | gr6.jpg |
0.553831 | 6fa0265578754f559a85de4ac217608f | Map of Iran highlighting Guilan Province-North of Iran, surveyed in 2019–2020 | PMC9682385 | IJPA-17-317-g001.jpg |
0.44629 | 4f43a149ca1042d6b39eb929b1d4ba14 | Tree-based model with the following specifications: α = .05 (no
correction); maximum depth = 3; minimum group size = 25. The bars
represent the prevalence of verbal aggression in each subgroup. | PMC9682497 | 10.1177_08862605211021972-fig1.jpg |
0.455029 | a39d53d7e9034ecabe9213f152f7dc3a | ROC-curves for predictions based on the learning sample (LS) and the
out-of-bag sample (OOB). Specifications for the forest model: number of
trees = 15.000; α = .3 (no correction); variables per tree = 7; weights
are based on the base rate of verbal aggression. | PMC9682497 | 10.1177_08862605211021972-fig2.jpg |
0.440742 | 2f4a501e7b0441739b7e68c743136644 | Conditional variable importance measures (threshold = .8) based on
the OOB sample. The shaded area contains variable importance values
below 0. The dashed vertical line represents a cut-off criterion for
relevant predictor variables. | PMC9682497 | 10.1177_08862605211021972-fig3.jpg |
0.403604 | 1376f40e8c9b4b6db59788498ae9797d | Interactions between number of prior admissions to psychiatric
hospitals and gender (A), and insight into illness and gender
(B). | PMC9682497 | 10.1177_08862605211021972-fig4.jpg |
0.415061 | 2d9317921cb840c1a69b43138c4cd436 | Mechanisms leading to cerebral palsy. | PMC9682858 | tap-57-6-591_f001.jpg |
0.432794 | 993fb27f3f2c47448b65e25a6fecc12a | The causal relationship between social support and psychological well-being among undergraduate students in North China. AUTO = autonomy, ENMA = environmental mastery, FAMI = family, FRIE = friends, PERG = personal growth, PRWO = positive relations with others, PSWEBE = psychological well-being, PUIL = purpose in life, SEAC = self-acceptance, SIGO = significant other, SOCSUP = social support | PMC9683445 | JEHP-11-308-g001.jpg |
0.431558 | 74b3856101974c9ab553c79e1668860d | Conceptual model. | PMC9683862 | gr1_lrg.jpg |
0.439189 | c39c7bd208ff419680ad001d8ccb128c | Interaction effects of financial hardship and mastery during COVID-19 on changes in positive affect before to during COVID-19. | PMC9683862 | gr2_lrg.jpg |
0.457482 | 0d931480051c4618ae935f0ce737b3ee | Interaction effects of financial hardship and mastery during COVID-19 on changes in negative affect before to during COVID-19. | PMC9683862 | gr3_lrg.jpg |
0.45247 | bd6aae275ca24ab2b7de450328fb821d | Postmortem DLS volume-average size distributions and corresponding
TEM images obtained for the aqueous emulsion polymerization of MMA
conducted using a stirrable reaction cell (see Figure S1) at 70 °C when targeting 10% w/w solids and
varying the concentration of SDS surfactant as indicated. | PMC9686128 | ma2c01801_0001.jpg |
0.429436 | 168d5f4b933b470bbdb24ef54b354d81 | SAXS patterns recorded in situ during the aqueous
emulsion polymerization
of MMA at 70 °C when targeting 10% w/w solids using an SDS concentration
of (a) 20.0, (b) 1.0, or (c) 0 mM. | PMC9686128 | ma2c01801_0002.jpg |
0.524912 | b8a36ea15cd142da904bee780fdc9280 | Evolution in I(q) recorded at
an arbitrary q value (q = 0.003
Å–1) during the aqueous emulsion polymerization
of MMA at 70 °C when targeting 10% w/w solids using an SDS concentration
of (a) 20.0, (b) 1.0, or (c) 0 mM. | PMC9686128 | ma2c01801_0003.jpg |
0.431628 | 1a4338f435fa4a198e8246189d5b18b8 | Evolution of the PMMA
latex particle diameter over time determined
by time-resolved SAXS studies conducted during the aqueous emulsion
polymerization of PMMA at 70 °C targeting 10% w/w solids using
an SDS concentration of (a) 20.0, (b) 1.0, or (c) 0 mM. | PMC9686128 | ma2c01801_0004.jpg |
0.464839 | b418b8b570cd496da803055759db1cbf | Schematic Representation of the Synthesis of PMMA
Latex Particles
via Aqueous Emulsion Polymerization of Methyl Methacrylate (MMA) Using
an Anionic Free Radical Initiator (potassium persulfate, K2S2O8) at 70 °C Targeting 10% w/w Solids
Either in the Presence of an Anionic Surfactant (SDS) or under Surfactant-Free
Conditions | PMC9686128 | ma2c01801_0005.jpg |
0.400737 | a5a595e6d0ec4521944b30fbfd083ddb | DSF significantly promotes pro-inflammatory macrophages into the M2-type phenotype. (A) The diagram of screening assay. Bone marrow cells were isolated from the tibia of wild-type mice. BMDMs were induced by M-CSF (50 ng/ml). Then the cells were treated with LPS (100 ng/ml), IFN-γ (20 ng/ml), and IL-4 (20 ng/ml) for 6 h and underwent FACS analysis of CD206 expression. (B) Quantitative analysis of the candidates in screening assay. (C) BMDMs were pretreated with DSF (5 μM) or DMSO (0.01%). Then the cells were treated with LPS (100 ng/ml), IFN-γ (20 ng/ml), and IL-4 (20 ng/ml) for 6 h. FACS analysis of iNOS, TNF-α, CD86, and CD206. (D,E) Quantitative analysis of geometric mean of iNOS (D), TNF-α (D), CD86 (E), and CD206 (E). (F) CCK-8 analysis of BMDMs after treatment with DSF at different dosages. Data are presented as the mean ± SEM (n = 3) (D-F). *p < 0.05. | PMC9686378 | fbioe-10-1054283-g002.jpg |
0.428792 | 084e7343e59c4524b2e860de67e9940b | Kaplan-Meier analysis with log-rank test showed that the survival period was significantly shorter in calves with perinatal asphyxia with a neurological status score ≤19 (A). Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis for the differentiation between the survivor and non-survivor calves with asphyxia based on neurological status score (B). | PMC9686605 | animals-12-03223-g001.jpg |
0.402016 | 10b5f40e61914b7691f0757b8f3b497d | Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis for the differentiation between the survivor and non-survivor calves with asphyxia based on the serum brain-related biomarkers (A), pH, BE, HCO3 (B), PaO2, SO2 (C), and PaCO2, lactate (D) concentrations. | PMC9686605 | animals-12-03223-g002.jpg |
0.395725 | af3abaf323894d0b9d21a19ae12b02af | Microscopic photographs (A) Edema and hemorrhage in the meninges (arrows), HE, 10×, (B) Hyperemia (black arrow) in the meningeal veins and edema in the submeningeal region (blue arrows), HE, 10×, (C) Hemorrhage spreading to the neuropil tissue (arrows), HE, 20×, (D) Severe hyperemia and vasodilation, HE, 10×. | PMC9686605 | animals-12-03223-g003.jpg |
0.391925 | 9ac7e9e4df2c492fa058270800c0fbc8 | Microscopic photographs (A) Ischemic neuronal changes and neuronophagia, HE, 20×, (B) Neuronophagia (black arrow), HE, 40×, (C) Perivascular neutrophil and mononuclear cell infiltration (arrows), HE, 40×, (D) Cavitation area and local Mononuclear cell infiltration with gliosis (arrow), HE, 40×. | PMC9686605 | animals-12-03223-g004.jpg |
0.419003 | f7148fa457464b70bd4208a2169c654a | Immunohistochemical findings. (A) Immune positive reaction in neurons (arrows), HIF-1α, 20×, (B) Immune positive reaction in glia cells (arrows), HIF-1α, 20×, (C) Immune positive reaction in Purkinje cells (arrows), HIF-1α, 40×, (D) Vascular Immunopositivity in endothelial cells and their walls, (arrows), HIF-1α, 20×. | PMC9686605 | animals-12-03223-g005.jpg |
0.4171 | 21fac42a93714a799615f195faf73ea3 | MK801-induced schizophrenia-related behavioral phenotypes are reversed by isoflurane. (A) Schematic diagram of the experimental design. After 5 days of MK801 injection and 5 days of isoflurane treatment, mice were subjected to behavioral tests. (B) Representative traces of mice in OFT. (C) Isoflurane treatment reversed the hyper-locomotion phenotype induced by MK801, revealed by OFT (n = 10, 11, and 10 mice in Ctrl, MK801, and MK801+ISO groups, respectively. One-way ANOVA, F(2, 28) = 5.12, p = 0.01; post hoc test: Ctrl vs. MK801, p = 0.02; MK801 vs. MK801+ISO, p = 0.007; Ctrl vs. MK801+ISO, p = 0.46). (D) The working memory deficit induced by MK801 was attenuated by isoflurane exposure (n = 9, 11, and 10 mice in Ctrl, MK801, and MK801+ISO groups, respectively. One-way ANOVA, F(2, 27) = 2.726, p = 0.01; post hoc test: Ctrl vs. MK801, p = 0.04; MK801 vs. MK801+ISO, p = 0.03; Ctrl vs. MK801+ISO, p = 0.84). (E) Isoflurane attenuated the pre-pulse inhibition deficit induced by MK801 (n = 10, 14, and 12 mice in Ctrl, MK801, and MK801+ISO groups, respectively. Two-way ANOVA, F(2, 98) = 18.11, p < 0.0001; post hoc test: Ctrl vs. MK801, p = 0.004; MK801 vs. MK801+ISO, p = 0.01; Ctrl vs. MK801+ISO, p = 0.72). Data are represented as mean ± SEM, * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, ns, not significant. | PMC9687200 | biomedicines-10-02759-g001.jpg |
0.407562 | 10c7908a0ed049be8065348ecc43b0a6 | Isoflurane treatment reverses NSCs adult neurogenesis deficit in the DG induced by MK801. (A) Schematic of BrdU injection. BrdU was injected twice a day during 5 days of isoflurane exposure. (B) Representative photomicrographs showing Ki67-positive cells in the DG, indicated by white arrows. Scale bar, 100 μm. (C) Isoflurane inhalation reversed the reduction of Ki67-positive cells in the DG induced by MK801 (five mice in each group and five sections in each animal were picked and counted. One-way ANOVA, F(2, 29) = 9.306, p = 0.0008; post hoc test: Ctrl vs. MK801, p = 0.0005; MK801 vs. MK801+ISO, p = 0.009; Ctrl vs. MK801+ISO, p = 0.08). (D) Representative photomicrographs showing BrdU-positive cells in the DG, indicated by white arrows. Scale bar, 100 μm. (E) Isoflurane inhalation reversed the reduction of BrdU+ cells in the DG induced by MK801 (five mice in each group and five sections in each animal were picked and counted. One-way ANOVA, F(2, 28) = 15.33, p < 0.0001; post hoc test: Ctrl vs. MK801, p < 0.0001; MK801 vs. MK801+ISO, p = 0.0012; Ctrl vs. MK801+ISO, p = 0.051). (F) Schematic of retrovirus injection. Retrovirus was micro-injected into the DG 21 days before MK801 injection. (G) Representative images of the dendrites of newborn dentate granular cells. Scale bar, 10 μm. (H) The reduction of dendritic branches of newborn dentate granular cells reversed by isoflurane treatment (five mice in each group and five sections in animal were picked, and three cells of each section were analyzed and counted. One-way ANOVA, F(2, 39) = 62.68, p < 0.0001; post hoc test: Ctrl vs. MK801, p < 0.0001; MK801 vs. MK801+ISO, p < 0.0001; Ctrl vs. MK801+ISO, p = 0.62). Data are represented as mean ± SEM, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, **** p < 0.0001, ns, not significant. | PMC9687200 | biomedicines-10-02759-g002.jpg |
0.427434 | a5d11a34807f4c0e96e5eb9732508f82 | MK801-induced synaptic plasticity deficit in the DG can be reversed by isoflurane treatment. (A–C) Representative Western blotting images of proteins (A) and densitometric quantification (B,C) for NR2A and NR2B in the DG. α-tubulin was used as the loading control (n = 3 mice per group. One-way ANOVA, F(2, 9) = 9.306, p = 0.062; post hoc test: Ctrl vs. MK801, p = 0.73; MK801 vs. MK801+ISO, p = 0.92; Ctrl vs. MK801+ISO, p = 0.83 shown on B; One-way ANOVA, F(2, 9) = 1.588, p = 0.256; post hoc test: Ctrl vs. MK801, p = 0.16; MK801 vs. MK801+ISO, p = 0.48; Ctrl vs. MK801+ISO, p = 0.31 shown on (C)). (D) Electrode configuration for the LTP recording in the DG. The red rectangle indicates the stimulating electrode (left) and recording electrode (right). Scale bar, 100 μm. (E) LTP of local field potential in the DG after HFS induction at the perforant path. LTP was enhanced in the DG by isoflurane treatment after MK801 injection (n = 5 mice per group). (F) Quantitative analysis of data in (E). (Two-way ANOVA, F(2, 1260) = 713.5, p < 0.0001; post hoc test: Ctrl vs. MK801, p < 0.0001; MK801 vs. MK801+ISO, p < 0.0001; Ctrl vs. MK801+ISO, p < 0.05). Data are represented as mean ± SEM, * p < 0.05, **** p < 0.0001, ns, not significant. | PMC9687200 | biomedicines-10-02759-g003.jpg |
0.477906 | 1b0ebe3c8232404c90493646d4b0fe1e | Isoflurane reverses MK801’s effects on PVIs reduction and NRG1-ErbB4 signaling down-regulation in the DG. (A) Representative Western blotting image of NRG1 and PV in the DG. GAPDH served as loading control. (B,C) Quantification of NRG1 and PV expression in A. Isoflurane reversed MK801 induced NRG1 and PV reduction in the DG (n = 3 mice per group. one-way ANOVA, F(2, 9) = 8.508, p = 0.0084; post hoc test: Ctrl vs. MK801, p = 0.0082; MK801 vs. MK801+ISO, p = 0.048; Ctrl vs. MK801+ISO, p = 0.19 shown on B; one-way ANOVA, F(2, 9) = 16.71, p = 0.0009; post hoc test: Ctrl vs. MK801, p = 0.0072; MK801 vs. MK801+ISO, p < 0.0001; Ctrl vs. MK801+ISO, p = 0.78 shown on (C)). (D) Representative photomicrographs showing PV-positive cells in the DG. Scale bar, 100 μm. (E) Quantification of PV neuron number in (D). Isoflurane reversed MK801 induced the reduction of PV-positive neuron number in the DG (five mice in each group and five sections in each animal were picked, and three cells of each section were analyzed and counted. One-way ANOVA, F(2, 24) = 5.863, p = 0.0084; post hoc test: Ctrl vs. MK801, p = 0.013; MK801 vs. MK801+ISO, p = 0.009; Ctrl vs. MK801+ISO, p = 0.796). (F,G) Representative Western blotting images of ErbB4 and phosphorylated-ErbB4 in the DG. α-tubulin served as loading control (n = 3 mice per group). (H,I) Quantification data of ErbB4 and phosphorylated-ErbB4 expression in the DG. Isoflurane reversed MK801 induced the reduction of ErbB4 and phosphorylated-ErbB4 in the DG. One-way ANOVA, F(2, 9) = 22.48, p = 0.0003; post hoc test: Ctrl vs. MK801, p = 0.0001; MK801 vs. MK801+ISO, p = 0.001; Ctrl vs. MK801+ISO, p = 0.298 shown on (H); One-way ANOVA, F(2, 9) = 8152.9, p < 0.0001; post hoc test: Ctrl vs. MK801, p < 0.0001; MK801 vs. MK801+ISO, p < 0.0001; Ctrl vs. MK801+ISO, p = 0.3566 shown on (I). Data are represented as mean ± SEM, two-tailed Student’s t-test, * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, ns, not significant. | PMC9687200 | biomedicines-10-02759-g004.jpg |
0.411641 | 636482c292454aeaa5fe0fb83e470cfe | Isoflurane cannot improve schizophrenia-like phenotypes and neurogenesis induced by PV neurons ablation in the DG. (A) PV-cre mice were stereotaxically injected with AAV-flex-tsCasp3-TEVp (Casp-PV) to ablate PV neurons in the DG, AAV-CAG-flex-eGFP injected mice (EGFP-PV) was used as control. Schematic experimental design is shown in the right panel. (B) Representative traces of mice in the OFT. (C) Isoflurane treatment could not reverse the hyper-locomotion phenotype after PV ablation, as revealed by OFT (n = 10, 10, 9 and 10 mice in Ctrl, EGFP-PV, Casp-PV, and Casp-PV-ISO groups, respectively. One-way ANOVA, F(3, 25) = 5.737, p = 0.004; post hoc test: Ctrl vs. EGFP-PV, p = 0.37; Ctrl vs. Casp-PV, p = 0.0003; Ctrl vs. Casp-PV-ISO, p = 0.007; Casp-PV vs. Casp-PV-ISO, p = 0.75). (D) Isoflurane could not rescue the pre-pulse inhibition deficit induced by PV neurons ablation (n = 10, 10, 9 and 10 mice in Ctrl, EGFP-PV, Casp-PV, and Casp-PV-ISO groups, respectively. Two-way ANOVA, F(2, 105) = 14.69, p < 0.0001; post hoc test: Ctrl vs. EGFP-PV, p = 0.98; Ctrl vs. Casp-PV, p = 0.02; Ctrl vs. Casp-PV-ISO, p = 0.003; Casp-PV vs. Casp-PV-ISO, p = 0.8). (E) The working memory deficit could not be alleviated by isoflurane once PV ablation (n = 9, 9 and 10 mice in Ctrl, EGFP-PV, Casp-PV, and Casp-PV-ISO groups, respectively. One-way ANOVA, F(3, 31) = 6.915, p = 0.0011; post hoc test: Ctrl vs. EGFP-PV, p = 0.78; Ctrl vs. Casp-PV, p = 0.004; Ctrl vs. Casp-PV-ISO, p = 0.0034; Casp-PV vs. Casp-PV-ISO, p = 0.79). (F) Representative photomicrographs showing PV-positive (left panel; scale bar, 100 μm), Ki67-positive neurons (middle panel; scale bar, 100 μm) and dendritic branches of NSCs (right panel; scale bar, 10 μm) after PV neuron ablation. (G) Quantification of PV-positive neuron number in (F). Isoflurane could not rescue the reduction of PV-positive neurons in the DG (five mice in each group, and five sections were picked in each mouse. One-way ANOVA, F(2, 21) = 5.737, p < 0.0001; post hoc test: Ctrl vs. Casp-PV, p < 0.0001; Ctrl vs. Casp-ISO, p < 0.0001; Casp-PV vs. Casp-PV-ISO, p > 0.99). (H) Quantification of Ki67-positive neuron number in (F). Isoflurane could not rescue the reduction of Ki67-positive cells in the DG (five mice in each group, and five sections were picked in each mouse. One-way ANOVA, F(2, 24) = 5.55, p < 0.0001; post hoc test: Ctrl vs. Casp-PV, p < 0.0001; Ctrl vs. Casp-PV-ISO, p < 0.0001; Casp-PV vs. Casp-PV-ISO, p > 0.99). (I) The reduction of dendritic branches of newborn dentate granular cells could not be reversed by isoflurane treatment (five mice in each group, and three sections were picked and counted in each mouse. One-way ANOVA, F(2, 39) = 293.1, p < 0.0001; post hoc test: Ctrl vs. Casp-PV, p < 0.0001; Ctrl vs. Casp-PV-ISO, p < 0.0001; Casp-PV vs. Casp-PV-ISO, p = 0.27. Data are represented as mean ± SEM, * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, **** p < 0.0001, ns, not significant). | PMC9687200 | biomedicines-10-02759-g005.jpg |
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