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0.417068 | daec26f666d34455a160380785884c2f | Image enhancement examples. | PMC9783619 | fpls-13-973985-g005.jpg |
0.373686 | 85f20f345e3144d3890b66bf31bf87f1 | YOLOv4 raw output, the DIoU-NMS output, and the confluence strategy output of four images. Blue rectangles represent bounding boxes; red rectangles represent bounding boxes suppressed by the DIou-NMS. | PMC9783619 | fpls-13-973985-g006.jpg |
0.383468 | 8a00378854794bd38564453da79d92ad | Illustration of the detection results of different detectors. Red boxes represent pests missed by a model. | PMC9783619 | fpls-13-973985-g007.jpg |
0.43223 | 460e641081524c938e889d5d46f898c9 | Plot of the counting test results of the models. The left figure is a plot of the linear regression results between the imaging-derived and manual counts; the red line represents the regression curve predicted by the model, and the green line represents the true number of pests. The right figure is a histogram of the counting error, where the x-axis represents the counting error of the model, and the y-axis represents the number of samples. | PMC9783619 | fpls-13-973985-g008.jpg |
0.432081 | 59dedbafcc50429fb5ea4d53a4be7544 | Synthesis methods of various nanostructures and their application in different sensors design. | PMC9783830 | nanomaterials-12-04413-g001.jpg |
0.465805 | 06692fefa79c4289a35d173109462c4b | Scheme for total synthesis of dendrimer encapsulated mesoporous silica NPs. Step (1) inoculation of dendrimer with metal ions, (2) formation of reverse microemulsion with disperse phase (blue) and continuous phase (orange), (3) base catalyzed silica formation, and (4) acid catalyzed etching of metal encapsulated dendrimers. Adapted from [45]. | PMC9783830 | nanomaterials-12-04413-g002.jpg |
0.410218 | d3212c20ea344c2996766715b3f3000d | (a) Schematic synthesis diagram of the 3D flower-like hierarchical ZnO microstructures; (b) SEM image of as-grown MFs; (c) SEM image of a single MF and corresponding EDX elemental maps. Adapted from [56]. | PMC9783830 | nanomaterials-12-04413-g003.jpg |
0.445001 | 297828b3597b4426afffe80fbe85b78c | Scheme of the fabrication of immunosensor with a sandwich configuration based on ZnO nanorods. Adapted from [67]. | PMC9783830 | nanomaterials-12-04413-g004.jpg |
0.373698 | d9d03e1b14eb44e19784f5ea18a23488 | Scheme showing the synthetic process to generate (a) ZnO@ZIF-8-x-y and Co(CO3)0.5(OH)·0.11H2O@ZIF-67-x-y using 2-Melm vapor, where x and y are the synthesis temperature and synthesis time, respectively. (b) Advantages of Co3O4/NC hybrid materials. Adapted from [34], 2018, American Chemical Society. | PMC9783830 | nanomaterials-12-04413-g005.jpg |
0.453721 | 9e9f8bc58bc34a9fbaf50556d068a1c7 | Four different dimensions of ZnO nanostructures with their advantages. Zero-dimensional nanostructures provide a large surface area. One-dimensional nanostructures possess stable and direct electron transport. Two-dimensional nanostructures give specific planes for immobilization process for the simultaneous detection of different analytes. Three-dimensional nanostructures have extra surface area (outer and inner area) to provide more sites for immobilization. Adopted from [27]. | PMC9783830 | nanomaterials-12-04413-g006.jpg |
0.404464 | 5b9b7bb3b1534c4da6ac897dd4c510da | Total internal reflection geometry schematic of the Au (a) and PC/Au (b) samples with a self-assembled monolayer of 11-mercaptoundecanoic acid (11-MUA) and the GCSF-R or BSA protein in phosphate-buffered saline solution. Adopted from [105]. | PMC9783830 | nanomaterials-12-04413-g007.jpg |
0.442849 | ab4269d86e3c473a9c9904f5a47c3ff6 | SEM micrograph of the plasmonic photonic structure modified QCM-D sensor chip (A) and Tamm plasmons and cavity mode excitation using nanometer structures of formed photonic crystal (B). Adopted from [106]. | PMC9783830 | nanomaterials-12-04413-g008.jpg |
0.419058 | a57a042c07de4d6f89b4d72fc6252edc | Time schedule of experimental procedures. | PMC9784132 | pharmaceuticals-15-01551-g001.jpg |
0.475066 | 583fd9e6011b49b0bbc6a9cab738316c | Effects of AsVI on immobility, sucrose preference, and body-weight loss in PSD rat model. (A) Dynamical fluctuations in the body weight of the rats. The body weights of rats in the PSD and PSD + NS cohort continually deceased. The body weights of rats in the sham and MCAO cohorts continually increased, but the rat body weights in the sham cohort were heavier than the MCAO cohort. The body weights of rats in the PSD + AsVI cohort decreased prior to the 15th day and afterward increased. The body weights of rats in the PSD + AsVI cohort were lighter as opposed to the MCAO and sham cohort and heavier than PSD and PSD + NS cohorts. (B) Dynamical alterations in sucrose preference. The ingestion of sucrose water was reduced in the PSD, PSD + NS and PSD + AsVI cohorts within the initial 10 days as opposed to the MCAO and sham cohorts. Consequently, the ingestion in the PSD + AsVI cohort was found to increase marginally beginning from the 15th day and stayed constant in the days that followed. The ingestion of sucrose water in the PSD cohort was constantly reduced throughout the 30 days. (C) Dynamical alterations of immobility. The float time was increased in the PSD and PSD + NS cohorts within the initial 15 days as opposed to the MCAO and sham cohorts. Then, the float time in the PSD + AsVI cohort stayed constant thereafter, and the float time in the PSD + AsVI cohort decreased compared with PSD and PSD + NS cohorts. Data are articulated as Mean ± SD. n = 4–6 rats in the cohorts. Distinct letters (a, b, c, d) denote a significant difference in various cohorts, p < 0.05. | PMC9784132 | pharmaceuticals-15-01551-g002.jpg |
0.516304 | cb9a5dff9cb54f91987adff5dd670049 | Effects of AsVI on motor functions in locomotor activity and Rotarod test in the open-field experiment in PSD rat model. (A) The statistical analysis of the period in the device for each cohort throughout motor detection. (B) The statistical analysis of the rotating velocity in each cohort in the course of motor detection. (C) The statistical analysis on the distance in each cohort in the course of motor detection. (D) The statistical analysis on the average velocity in each cohort in the course of motor detection. (E) The statistical analysis on the distance moved in each cohort in the course of the open field test. (F) The statistical analysis of the speed in each cohort in the course of the open field test. Data are articulated as means ± SDs. n = 4–6 rats in the cohorts. Distinct letters (a, b, c, d) denote significant differences in various cohorts. p < 0.05. | PMC9784132 | pharmaceuticals-15-01551-g003.jpg |
0.441868 | 8d0c4f5563ec49cdbd15832c83557474 | Impacts of AsVI on the brain neurotransmitters in PSD rats. (A,B) HPLC analysis was carried out to measure the 5-HT and DA levels in the hippocampus from different cohorts. (C,D) HPLC analysis was carried out to measure the 5-HT and DA levels in the striatum from different cohorts. Data are articulated as Mean ± SD. n = 4–6 rats in the cohorts. Distinct letters (a, b, c, d) denote significant differences in various cohorts p < 0.05. | PMC9784132 | pharmaceuticals-15-01551-g004.jpg |
0.43519 | 66a3e2fc2a35491681f61887f128f0f2 | Impacts of AsVI on NRG-1, MEK1, and ERK1/2 expression in the PSD rats’ brain tissues. (A) Immunofluorescence was utilized to analyze the expression of neuregulin-1 (NRG-1) in brain tissues from rats in different cohorts. 400× magnification. (B) Statistical analysis of the fluorescence intensity of NRG-1 in respective cohorts. (C,D) The NRG-1, MEK1, p-MEK1, ERK1/2, and p-ERK1/2 expression in the brain tissue of PSD rats was measured utilizing western blotting. GAPDH was employed as an internal control. Data are articulated as means ± SDs. n = 3–5 rats in the cohorts. Distinct letters (a, b, c, d) denote significant differences in various cohorts p < 0.05. | PMC9784132 | pharmaceuticals-15-01551-g005.jpg |
0.411755 | dc6c74f0ddd747519a7570b76f1a81aa | Protective effects of AsVI on CORT-induced PC12 cells. (A) The cell viability was measured by a CCK-8 assay. (B) HPLC analysis was carried out to measure the DA release levels for various therapies in PC12 cells. (C) HPLC analysis was carried out to measure 5-HT release levels for various therapies in PC12 cells. (D) A quantitative real-time PCR method was conducted to detect the expression level of NRG-1 mRNA in different treated PC12 cells. (E,F) Western blot for NRG-1, MEK1, p-MEK1, ERK1/2 and p-ERK1/2 protein for different treatments in PC12 cells. All the experiments were conducted thrice. Data are articulated as Mean ± SD. Distinct letters (a, b, c, d)denote significant differences in various cohorts p < 0.05. | PMC9784132 | pharmaceuticals-15-01551-g006.jpg |
0.413461 | e934352f10aa44e28883fa46772a56c0 | AsVI improved the CORT-induced cellular model of major depression by upregulating the NRG-1-mediated MAPK pathway. PC-12 cells were split up into Control, DMSO, CORT, as well as CORT + AsVI. The CORT model cohort was transfected with pcDNA3.1-NRG-1, and the CORT + AsVI cohort was transfected with shNRG-1. (A) The cell viability was established by the CCK-8 assay. (B) HPLC analysis was conducted to measure the DA release levels for various therapies in PC12 cells. (C) HPLC analysis was conducted to ascertain 5-HT release levels for various therapies in PC12 cells. (D) A quantitative real-time PCR method was carried out to identify the expression level of NRG-1 mRNA in different treated PC12 cells. (E,F) Western blot for NRG-1, MEK1, p-MEK1, ERK1/2, as well as the p-ERK1/2 protein for different treatments in PC12 cells. All the experiments were conducted thrice. Data are articulated as Mean ± SD. Distinct letters (a, b, c, d) denote significant differences in various cohorts. p < 0.05. | PMC9784132 | pharmaceuticals-15-01551-g007.jpg |
0.495433 | bc7e9f2482464986ad5a621fbc9bc1bb | Obstacles that may limit implementing home drug delivery services in Saudi Arabia. | PMC9784326 | pharmacy-10-00162-g001.jpg |
0.377539 | 38698534b2d040d391a0f8eb7bcc0404 | Overview of the cross-presentation pathways in DCs. Cross-presentation of internalized antigens mainly occurs via the following two pathways: (i) the cytosolic pathway and (ii) the vacuolar pathway. Endosomal proteases (cathepsin S) in the vacuolar pathway break-down the internalized antigen into smaller peptides, which are then directly loaded onto MHC class I molecules. The peptide–MHC complex is delivered to the cell surface for CD8+ T cell recognition. The exogenous antigen is internalized by endocytosis or phagocytosis in the cytosolic pathway and delivered to the cytosol for proteasomal breakdown to produce shorter antigenic peptides. Furthermore, the antigen-derived peptides are transported to the ER via TAP along with the other ER proteins and then loaded onto the MHC class I molecule in the ER itself. Additionally, TAP is used to deliver the antigenic peptides into the phagosomes, where they are loaded onto the MHC class I molecule and further transferred onto the cell surface for CD8+ T cell recognition (Created with BioRender.com accessed on 27 September 2022). | PMC9784904 | vaccines-10-02049-g001.jpg |
0.433392 | 569cdaaf7e3844ddbe641092f0dea6a7 | Multivalent presentation of glycans on various carrier systems for enhancing the antigen presentation to achieve effective T cell response. Glycan-modified nanocarriers present glycans in a multivalent form. Additionally, TLR ligands can also be incorporated with these glyconanocarriers. Glyconanocarriers, such as (i) glycoliposomes, which can be used for encapsulation of whole tumor antigens and adjuvants, (ii) glycodendrimers, which can be prepared with the desired number of glycans and peptides, and (iii) synthetic glycoclusters, which can also be prepared with tumor antigenic peptides. These glycan-modified nanocarrier systems loaded with tumor antigens are effectively internalized by DCs in a CLR-specific manner. The internalized antigens are presented by the MHC class I and II pathway for CD8+ and CD4+ T cell responses, respectively. The addition of MPLA, a ligand of TLR4 in glycoliposomes targeting CLR DC-SIGN, enhances DC maturation and cross-presentation of tumor antigens to CD8+ T cells (Created with BioRender.com accessed on 27 September 2022). | PMC9784904 | vaccines-10-02049-g002.jpg |
0.404127 | ccaed7ca9fe840f68945aba1cff8381a | Glycan-mediated strategies for DC targeting via CLRs for enhanced antigen cross-presentation. (a) Lewis antigen-modified ovalbumin (OVA)/nanocarriers are as follows: (1) Lex-modified OVA redirected to MGL1 promotes Th1 skewing of CD4+ T cells and CD8+ T cell cross-priming; (2) Lex- or Leb-modified OVA antigens are internalized by DC through DC-SIGN-mediated uptake which promotes CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses; (3) the MPLA-modified Lex conjugated liposomes are internalized by a DC-SIGN specific manner into the DCs to further enhance CD8+ cross-presentation; (b) Glycan-coated pH-sensitive liposomes are as follows: (1) carboxylated dextran derivative-modified pH-sensitive liposomes enhance the pH-sensitive endo-lysosomal degradation and promote CD4+ and CD8+ immune responses; (2) Curdlan and mannan derivative-modified liposomes are recognized by Dectin-1 and -2, respectively, which are endocytosed into the DCs and, due to weak pH conditions, the endosome disrupts to release antigens into the cytosol for proteasomal degradation to be further presented on the cell surface, which leads to enhanced CD8+ T cell response; (3) Mannose-modified curdlan-coated liposomes are recognized by MR which transfers the liposome to the endocytic compartment for degradation and, furthermore, the pH-sensitive environment induces the antigen release into the cytosol for proteasomal degradation for further antigen presentation to CD8+ T cells. Additionally, they are also recognized by β-Glucan receptors to promote DC maturation; (4) To induce antigen-specific cellular immunity, chondroitin sulphate derivative-modified liposomes would be specifically taken up by APCs cells via scavenger receptors and these encourage cytokine production from the cells as well as the endosomal escape of antigenic proteins through pH-responsive membrane destabilization; (5) Hyaluronic acid-based pH-sensitive polymers are recognized by CD44 present on APCs. These liposomes were successful in delivering model antigenic proteins into the cytosol of DCs and releasing the degraded antigenic peptide into the cytosol, which was then loaded onto the MHC class I molecules and elicited CD8+ recognition; (c) Glycan-coated nanocarriers targeted to LCs and dermal DC are as follows: (1) Ley-modified liposomes when presented to the dermal DC were taken up via DC-SIGN which leads to enhanced CD8+ cross-presentation; (2) Ley-modified MART-1 synthetic long peptides are taken up through langerin in the LCs to promote cross-presentation; (3) The G3 glycodendrimers induce dual targeting of langerins and DC-SIGN which promotes antigen cross-presentation; (4) Liposomal vaccine containing synthetic long peptides and alpha-galactosylceramide (α-GC) conjugated with Ley antigen, which promote CD8+ T cell response and induce iNKT cells activation, which enhances cross-presentation (Created with BioRender.com accessed on 27 September 2022). | PMC9784904 | vaccines-10-02049-g003.jpg |
0.465759 | dc1303ab968749aabee939dcfdd51f88 | Strategies to enhance the anti-tumor response of glyconanovaccines (GNVs). Generation of a large number of tumor antigen-specific T response will be induced through the injection of GNVs to the skin DCs. Targeting of the GNVs to the specific DC subset is achieved by surface modification with specific glycans to target CLRs on DCs for the internalization and subsequent tumor antigen presentation and maturation of DCs. This leads to the priming and activation of T cells that are specific for tumor-antigens, creating a large pool of effector cytotoxic T cells that are capable of moving toward tumors, penetrating them, and ultimately killing tumor cells once they have been recognized. The anti-tumor response will be enhanced by the administration of checkpoint inhibitors, such as anti-CTLA-4, anti-PD-1 antibodies, glycomimetic/anti-Siglec antibodies, and further inhibition of galectins (galectin-1, -3, and -9). (Created with BioRender.com accessed on 27 September 2022). | PMC9784904 | vaccines-10-02049-g004.jpg |
0.431554 | 44a1ea3ebc814e68ac46c2a7d65d377e | Summary of screening and critical appraisal processes. | PMC9785018 | toxins-14-00819-g001.jpg |
0.460569 | 7dc3f50d8be64111adefd437bf88d41c | Multi-step flow diagram of AF-testing procedure. | PMC9785018 | toxins-14-00819-g002.jpg |
0.457772 | b60ca6a9921e4f638ce1d6c047865bc9 | The main factors to be considered when sampling grain for mycotoxins. | PMC9785018 | toxins-14-00819-g003.jpg |
0.437123 | c8260c49c8094086b9b59fdfcdc77183 | Infographic of the best approach to obtain representative samples. | PMC9785018 | toxins-14-00819-g004.jpg |
0.45072 | bb950060e4e64d24b241f30f82c7dc9c | Experimental apparatus for pressurized liquid extraction: (1) solvent reservoir (80% v/v ethanol/purified water), (2) needle valve, (3) syringe pump controller, (4) syringe pump, (5) needle valve, (6) preheater, (7) needle valve, (8) preheater temperature controller, (9) extractor vessel temperature controller, (10) extractor vessel, (11) extraction cell with 4.0 g of Tetragonia tetragonoides (diameter of 1.30 cm and height of 18 cm), (12) cooling system, (13) pressure indicator, (14) “back pressure” valve, and (15) extract collector bottle. | PMC9785550 | pharmaceutics-14-02798-g001.jpg |
0.406772 | b5fcbb3fece24ef1b8c81801af8e1486 | Illumination of EOChl-0.5 gels. | PMC9785550 | pharmaceutics-14-02798-g002.jpg |
0.402592 | ee76e8e9c5364155a4bd69e2edad02a9 | Image of emulgel system at 5 °C and 35 °C and the phase separation representation with micellar dynamics. | PMC9785550 | pharmaceutics-14-02798-g003.jpg |
0.527173 | af31a7548a724fadbba25114ebfd55d7 | Logarithm of elastic modulus (G′ in Pa) as a function of temperature, with the corresponding second derivative being (A) EOCh-0.5 and (B) EOCh-1.0 emulgel. Standard deviations were omitted for clarity; however, in all cases, the coefficient of variation of the replicate analyses was <10%. | PMC9785550 | pharmaceutics-14-02798-g004.jpg |
0.404448 | 1226c1843e684461b5e446e5145df332 | The flow curves of (A) EOCh-0.5 and (B) EOCh-1.0 systems at different temperatures. The symbols in blue correspond to measurements at 37.0 °C, red at 25.0 °C, and black at 5.0 °C. The filled triangles correspond to the upward curve, and the open circles (with borders of the same color) to the respective downward curve. Standard deviations were omitted for clarity; however, in all cases, the coefficient of variation of the replicate analyses was <10%. | PMC9785550 | pharmaceutics-14-02798-g005.jpg |
0.443044 | b54e439f3f884da284004cf0bf9797de | Viscoelastic properties of formulations in terms of oscillatory frequency: (A) elastic moduli (G′); (B) viscous moduli (G″); (C) loss tangent (Tan δ); (D) dynamic viscosity (η′). The symbols refer to ● EOCh-0.5 at 5.0 °C, ● EOCh-1.0 at 5.0 °C, ● EOCh-0.5 at 25.0 °C, ● EOCh-1.0 at 25.0 °C, ● EOCh-0.5 at 37.0 °C, and EOCh-1.0 at 37.0°C. The insert (C) corresponds to the viscoelastic data at 5.0 °C. | PMC9785550 | pharmaceutics-14-02798-g006.jpg |
0.414315 | 52f162390a394da8b0bea147a023163f | FTIR-PAS absorption spectra for human skin. Note: vibrations—ν: stretching (symmetric or asymmetric) and δ: angular deformation. | PMC9785550 | pharmaceutics-14-02798-g007.jpg |
0.4356 | 6f9be7587a4444f0994d6b7458fc40e9 | Absorption spectra obtained by FTIR-PAS: (A) CO and emulgels; (B) human epidermis after 0.5 h of emulgel administration; (C) human dermis after 0.5 h and 4 h of administration of the emulgels and CO; (D) human dermis after 0.5 h and 4 h administration of EChl-1.0, EOChl-1.0, and CO. Note: vibrations—ν: stretching and δ: angular deformation. | PMC9785550 | pharmaceutics-14-02798-g008.jpg |
0.422084 | a844d4b1607541fc81f3454d915d7f69 | Total S. aureus count expressed in log CFU/mL. | PMC9785550 | pharmaceutics-14-02798-g009.jpg |
0.397623 | 02b2966e4e7c4c8ca6cf775788b90222 | Schematic illustration of EOChl obtained. | PMC9785550 | pharmaceutics-14-02798-sch001.jpg |
0.399899 | 7554f40735bb4c1eb1b82e1e4e61ce5f | Transthoracic echocardiogram with severe right atrial (RA) and ventricular enlargement (a), severe tricuspid regurgitation (b) with an anomalous mobile membranous band-like structure crossing the RA (with asterisk in (c)). RV: Right ventricle RA: right atria. | PMC9785568 | jcdd-09-00418-g001.jpg |
0.426805 | d79cf5041f3b4f0eafffd1c3e373f12b | Contrast-enhanced chest CT. Coronal MIP (a,b) and axial (c) images show peripheral AVMs, seen as non-calcified nodules with a feeding arterial vessel (within black circle in b). MIP: Maximum Intensity Projection. | PMC9785568 | jcdd-09-00418-g002.jpg |
0.400262 | 1efd0a05d0ab433f94e57c08c43996f8 | SSFP Cardiac MR images in the 4 chamber (a,b) and short axis (c) planes. RV and RA are severely dilated and diastolic septal shifting (white asterisk on c) as a sign of volume overload of the RV are seen. The eustachian valve is seen in the RA (White arrow on a) with no other membranous structures seen on more cephalic images. Severe tricuspid regurgitation with significant coaptation defect (between white arrowheads in (b)) was found, together with abdominal free fluid (Black asterisk on (a) and (c)), pericardial and pleural effusions. SSFP: Steady State Free Precession. | PMC9785568 | jcdd-09-00418-g003.jpg |
0.47903 | f0bca7b29bb84fa2a14292a2c9c69930 | Abdominal MR. Coronal SSh image (a) and axial images on the arterial phase (b–d). Hepatomegaly and free abdominal fluid are seen (Black asterisk on (a) and white asterisk on (b–d). The hepatic veins as well as the inferior vena cava are dilated and show early enhancement (white arrows) due to extensive arteriovenous shunts and heterogeneous enhancement (within white circles). Due to these shunts the hepatic artery is dilated (white arrowheads) and multiple arteries are seen on the liver hilum. SSh: Single Shot. | PMC9785568 | jcdd-09-00418-g004.jpg |
0.415551 | 059ffa379f6f49c2ba07d42348c44194 | Thiopurine pathways. Compounds: MMP: methylmercaptopurine, TIMP: thioinosine monophosphate, TIDP: thioinosine diphosphate, TITP: thioinosine triphosphate, TXMP: thioxanthosine monophosphate, TGMP: thioguanosine monophosphate, TGDP: thioguanosine diphosphate, TGTP: thioguanosine triphosphate. Enzymes: GST: glutathione S-transferase, GMPS: guanosine monophosphate synthetase, HPRT: hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase, IMPDH: inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase, ITPA: inosine triphosphate pyrophosphatase, NUDT15: nudix type 15—nucleoside diphosphate-linked moiety X-type motif 15, XO: xanthine oxidase, TPMT: thiopurine S-methyltransferase, RAC1: Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1. | PMC9785603 | metabolites-12-01173-g001.jpg |
0.4725 | 6f27706e877344758e7e31955903debe | Chromatogram showing the retention times in minutes of the analytes TGN and MMPN (green and blue lines) and of IS (purple line). * indicates the retention times. | PMC9785603 | metabolites-12-01173-g002.jpg |
0.485511 | dd6d53a27c0b45b48aed683353a57b57 | Chromatogram showing blank sample after the injection of CAL with the highest concentration. * indicates the retention times. | PMC9785603 | metabolites-12-01173-g003.jpg |
0.509888 | c2c3a3108c0a4c60b925fe7ef7e65305 | Chromatogram derived from the injection of a real sample containing TGN and MMPN (517.94 and 12,255.06 pmol/8 × 108 RBC, respectively). * indicates the retention times. | PMC9785603 | metabolites-12-01173-g004.jpg |
0.513249 | 89d3f0a5573f423caa04eb27d78c02b4 | KereFish study design. | PMC9786154 | medicina-58-01775-g001.jpg |
0.491439 | 53078702346245bca971b9f80a99153c | (A) Principal component analyses (PCA) applied to the levels of individual primary metabolites of P. aegyptiaca grown on 10 host plants according to the 58 primary metabolites. The data points are displayed as projections onto the two primary axes (eigenvectors). Variances explained by the first two components (PC1 and PC2) appear in parentheses. Host plants are designated as Broccoli (B), Red cabbage (Rc), White cabbage (Wc), Potato (Po), Pepper (P), Tomato (T), Carrot (C), Dill plant (D), Fennel bulbs (F) and Chickpea (Ch); (B) Display of the Scree plot of eight PCs. The green line on top shows the accumulated variance; the blue line below shows the variance explained by the individual PC. | PMC9786782 | metabolites-12-01195-g001.jpg |
0.435291 | fd35e608a8d143a3b01921e6c1bd5735 | Biplot analyses. The length and direction of each vector represent the contribution of the metabolite to the PCA. (A) Metabolites from all 10 hosts and the vectors for the individual host family. Hosts that belong to the families of Brassicaceae (B), Apiaceae (C) and Solanaceae (D). Host plants are designated as Broccoli (B), Red cabbage (Rc), White cabbage (Wc), Potato (Po), Pepper (P), Tomato (T), Carrot (C), Dill plant (D), Fennel bulbs (F) and Chickpea (Ch). | PMC9786782 | metabolites-12-01195-g002.jpg |
0.465102 | 5cc8a629bb704000845038d79b56952f | Heat-map analysis of the 58 primary metabolites detected by GC-MS. The data represent four replicates for each parasite that developed on each host plant. A total of 10 hosts were examined. Host plants are designated as Broccoli (B), Red cabbage (Rc), White cabbage (Wc), Potato (Po), Pepper (P), Tomato (T), Carrot (C), Dill plant (D), Fennel bulbs (F) and Chickpea (Ch). | PMC9786782 | metabolites-12-01195-g003.jpg |
0.478561 | d26d675c5bb54f78b14db4a2808f072a | Correlation matrix among the 58 metabolites detected in the parasites that developed on the 10 different hosts using Pearson correlation coefficients. Each data point is the average of four biological replicates. Dendrograms are shown on the top and left of the correlation matrix, indicating the clustering of positive and negative correlations. Red and blue colors indicate positive and negative correlations, respectively. | PMC9786782 | metabolites-12-01195-g004.jpg |
0.408173 | 8333f83e2d9141cf876adcd64b7ee762 | The levels of individual primary metabolites of sugars, sugar acids and polyols of P. aegyptiaca grown on 10 host plants as detected by using GC-MS. Values are relative peak areas normalized to the norleucine internal standard. The Y axis represents the area of relative m/z response of each metabolite following normalization to the norleucine internal standard and the X axis represents the host plants designated as Broccoli (B), Red cabbage (Rc), White cabbage (Wc), Carrot (C), Dill plant (D), Fennel bulbs (F), Pepper (P), Potato (Po), Tomato (T) and Chickpea (Ch). Data shown are means ± SE of four replicates for each plant type. Significance is calculated according to the Turkey Kramer HSD test (p < 0.05) and is denoted by different small letters. NA—non-annotated sugar. | PMC9786782 | metabolites-12-01195-g005.jpg |
0.400554 | 0b09e6e9b4884407a402662e2f8f7262 | The levels of individual primary metabolites of organic acids, fatty acids and other acids of P. aegyptiaca grown on 10 host plants as detected by using GC-MS. Values are relative peak areas normalized to the norleucine internal standard. The Y axis represents the area of relative m/z response of each metabolite following normalization to the norleucine internal standard and the X axis represents the host plants designated as Broccoli (B), Red cabbage (Rc), White cabbage (Wc), Carrot (C), Dill plant (D), Fennel bulbs (F), Pepper (P), Potato (Po), Tomato (T) and Chickpea (Ch). Data shown are means ± SE of four replicates for each plant type. Significance is calculated according to the Turkey Kramer HSD test (p < 0.05) and is denoted by different lowercase letters. | PMC9786782 | metabolites-12-01195-g006.jpg |
0.376973 | ade5c393ed4644bebd1119aa51cfb5ab | The levels of individual amino acids of P. aegyptiaca grown on 10 host plants as detected by using GC-MS. Values are normalized to the norleucine internal standard. Levels of different amino acids accumulated in P. aegyptiaca grown on 10 host plants collected from Broccoli (B), Red cabbage (Rc), White cabbage (Wc), Carrot (C), Dill plant (D), Fennel bulbs (F), Pepper (P), Potato (Po), Tomato (T) and Chickpea (Ch). Data shown are means ± SE of four replicates for each plant type. Significance is calculated according to the Turkey Kramer HSD test (p < 0.05) and is denoted by different lowercase letters. | PMC9786782 | metabolites-12-01195-g007.jpg |
0.455038 | 6c1e6ab34a9647d8b43beca9380a2155 | The total soluble proteins (A) and total phenol contents (C) in the parasites that developed on 10 different hosts. Pearson’s correlation coefficient analyses between total soluble amino acids and total soluble proteins (B) or between the levels of three aromatic amino acids and total phenol contents (D). Total protein contents in the albumin fraction are measured using the Bradford assay; total phenol contents are represented as mg quercetin equivalents (QE) per mg of dry weight (DW). All data shown are means ± SE of four replicates. The significance is calculated according to the Tukey–Kramer HSD test (p < 0.05) and is identified by different lowercase letters. | PMC9786782 | metabolites-12-01195-g008.jpg |
0.432589 | 70ee8b6821ad42a4b17d0e1c626f108c | Effect of exposure to different temperatures (15, 20, 25, and 30 °C) on secondary metabolism keys—(A) shikimic acid content and (B) phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) activity—of in vitro cultures and micropropagated plants of Lavandula viridis and Thymus lotocephalus. For each species, the results were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the graph bars followed by different letters (a–d) are significantly different at p < 0.05 (Duncan’s New Multiple Range Test). | PMC9787929 | plants-11-03516-g001.jpg |
0.472587 | 36ce84d0a68647ffa63fbfacff128d12 | Effect of exposure to different temperatures (15, 20, 25, and 30 °C) on total phenolic content determined by F-C method of in vitro cultures and micropropagated plants of Lavandula viridis and Thymus lotocephalus. For each species, the results were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the graph bars followed by different letters (a–d) are significantly different at p < 0.05 (Duncan’s New Multiple Range Test). | PMC9787929 | plants-11-03516-g002.jpg |
0.43994 | 18b7025e70f14392a2b77eadc676d909 | Effect of exposure to different temperatures (15, 20, 25, and 30 °C) on (A) total phenolic content, (B) total flavonoid content, (C) total phenolic acids content, and (D) total rosmarinic acid content determined by HPLC-HRMS of in vitro cultures and micropropagated plants of Lavandula viridis and Thymus lotocephalus. For each species, the results were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the graph bars followed by different letters (a–e) are significantly different at p < 0.05 (Duncan’s New Multiple Range Test). | PMC9787929 | plants-11-03516-g003.jpg |
0.448979 | 0acc3e099b3e4dc8aed630aa1045e1a1 | Antioxidant activity evaluated by (A) 2,2-diphenyl-1- picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), (B) 2,2-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), (C) ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and (D) oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) methods of the extracts from in vitro cultures and micropropagated plants of Lavandula viridis and Thymus lotocephalus exposed to different temperatures (15, 20, 25, and 30 °C). For each species, the results were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the graph bars followed by different letters (a–f) are significantly different at p < 0.05 (Duncan’s New Multiple Range Test). | PMC9787929 | plants-11-03516-g004.jpg |
0.539626 | f05bc9e8a3284d1b90708e5dd1751c31 | Heat map corresponding to the Pearson’s correlation coefficients (circles) between the contents photosynthetic pigments (chlorophylls and carotenoids), oxidative stress indicators (H2O2 and MDA), osmoprotectants (proline, soluble sugars, soluble proteins), shikimic/phenylpropanoid intermediates (PAL activity, shikimic acid content), total phenolic content (F-C and HPLC), total phenolic acids content (HPLC), total salvianolic acids content (HPLC), total flavonoids content (HPLC), and the most abundant individual phenolic compounds (HPLC), namely epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), theaflavic acid (TA), salvianolic acid B isomer II (SA_B_II), methylrosmarinic acid isomer II (MRA_II), rosmarinic acid (RA), salvianolic acid A isomer II (SA_A_II), methyl 6-O-galloyl-β-D-glucopyranoside (MGGP), and sagerinic acid (SA) and antioxidant activity (DPPH, ABTS, FRAP, ORAC) from T. lotocephalus (A) in vitro cultures; (B) micropropagated plants; L. viridis (C) in vitro cultures; (D) and micropropagated plants. * Correlation is significant (p ≤ 0.01). | PMC9787929 | plants-11-03516-g005.jpg |
0.489516 | e28774d97b6e43e3b375d68fb4369d4e | Principal component analysis (PCA) biplot of the different parameters studied, namely photosynthetic pigments (chlorophylls and carotenoids), oxidative stress indicators (H2O2 and MDA), osmoprotectants (proline, soluble sugars, soluble proteins), shikimic/phenylpropanoid intermediates (PAL activity, shikimic acid content), total phenolic content (F-C and HPLC), total phenolic acids content (HPLC), total salvianolic acids content (HPLC), total flavonoids content (HPLC), most abundant individual phenolic compounds (HPLC), namely epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), theaflavic acid (TA), salvianolic acid B isomer II (SA_B_II), methylrosmarinic acid isomer II (MRA_II), rosmarinic acid (RA), salvianolic acid A isomer II (SA_A_II), methyl 6-O-galloyl-β-D-glucopyranoside (MGGP), sagerinic acid (SA), and antioxidant activity (DPPH, ABTS, FRAP, ORAC) in (A) T. lotocephalus in vitro cultures (T ic) and micropropagated plants (T mp), and (B) L. viridis in vitro cultures (L ic) and micropropagated plants (L mp). | PMC9787929 | plants-11-03516-g006.jpg |
0.436145 | 99972baecf8444b0828e7d43effa6cc1 | Plants at different stages of the micropropagation process used in the temperature experiments. (A) plant tissue culture room; (B) in vitro cultures of L. viridis (C) and T. lotocephalus; (D) plants of L. viridis and (E) T. lotocephalus under acclimatization phase; (F) micropropagated plants of L. viridis and (G) T. lotocephalus; (H) in vitro cultures and micropropagated plants of both species during the temperature experiments in a growth chamber under controlled conditions. | PMC9787929 | plants-11-03516-g007.jpg |
0.519481 | d32c44e91e754282a8d0398a870a0d5d | Schematic of hepatic glucose metabolism. α-KG, alpha-ketoglutarate; DHAP, dihydroxy acetone; GLUT2, glucose transporter 2; OAA, oxaloacetate; PC, pyruvate carboxylase; PDH pyruvate dehydrogenase; PEP, phosphoenolpyruvate; PEPCK, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase; TCA, tricarboxylic acid. | PMC9788351 | metabolites-12-01223-g001.jpg |
0.536479 | 45760f55e783405388e6b51782614b0b | Longitudinal 13C MR measurements of hepatic glycogen at natural abundance in a healthy human subject during 64 h of fasting (at the indicated time points). 1H decoupling was applied during acquisition to remove the J-coupling-induced splitting of the [1-13C]glycogen resonance at 101 ppm. This figure was adapted from reference [7], with permission. | PMC9788351 | metabolites-12-01223-g002.jpg |
0.405153 | 7517ba671b604ee19b57a8dc44bb8205 | Metabolic maps of glucose/water ratio (A,C) and dynamic 2H spectra (B,D) in the rat liver (indicated by the red line in panels A and C for t = 0) after intravenous (IV) infusion (A,B) and intraperitoneal (IP) infusion (C,D) of [6,6′-2H2]glucose. Glucose signal reached higher intensities after IP infusion compared to IV infusion, as can be seen in both colormaps and dynamic 2H spectra. This figure was adapted from Reference [38], with permission. | PMC9788351 | metabolites-12-01223-g003.jpg |
0.493924 | a91275424d7943ffb8ae7c2bd051bc98 | Dynamic hyperpolarized 13C MR spectra of the in vivo liver of fed (A) and fasted rats (B). Acquisition started after intravenous administration of hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate, and spectra were collected every 3 s. The production of [1-13C]alanine was significantly lower in the fasted liver compared to that in the fed state. This figure was adapted from Reference [63], with permission. | PMC9788351 | metabolites-12-01223-g004.jpg |
0.463251 | 1fa525c0ca644b3499c4b33437c55e34 | State tax credit programs in different U.S. states in 2021 | PMC9789515 | 11150_2022_9637_Fig1_HTML.jpg |
0.475315 | 70fd86e920b64952a0bf99acecadeb4a | Bimonthly variation in the percentage of respondents reporting food insufficiency. Notes: Sample (N = 97,303) consists of respondents from the Household Pulse Survey week 10 to week 39 with at least one dependent below 18 and pre-tax annual household income below $50,000. These respondents are from the states with either only refundable state EITC programs (treated states) or no state-level tax credit programs (control states). In both panels, the Y axis shows the percentage of respondents reporting food insufficiency. Panel A and Panel B show unweighted and weighted findings, respectively | PMC9789515 | 11150_2022_9637_Fig2_HTML.jpg |
0.531841 | 8e3e6bdd260e4089bdeca4cc48946634 | Effect of state EITC eligibility on food insufficiency among the eligible over the bimonthly post-treatment periods (DD event study, weighted). Notes: Period 0 refers to January-February, 2021. Sample (N = 97,303) consists of respondents from the Household Pulse Survey week 10 to week 39 with at least one dependent below 18 in the household and with pre-tax annual household income below $50,000 living in states that have either only refundable state EITC programs (treated states) or no tax credit program (control states). Individual/household controls are household size, age, annual household income, number of dependents below 18, marital status, race, Hispanic status, female indicator, educational attainment, homeownership status, and employment status in the last 7 days. State-level temporal controls are covid case count per capita, number of deaths per capita, and unemployment rate in the bimonthly periods. Standard errors are clustered at the state level. The error bars show 95% confidence intervals | PMC9789515 | 11150_2022_9637_Fig3_HTML.jpg |
0.587531 | 402c66a0cdce475d80f14478da8053ad | Effect of state EITC eligibility on food insufficiency among the eligible over the bimonthly post-treatment periods (DDD event study, weighted). Notes: Period 0 refers to January-February, 2021. Sample (N = 244,975) consists of respondents from the Household Pulse Survey week 10 to week 39 living in states that have either only refundable state EITC programs (treated states) or no tax credit program (control states) and from two types of households: (1) at least one dependent below 18 and pre-tax annual household income below $50,000 and (2) no dependents below 18 and pre-tax annual household income above $25,000 and below $50,000. Individual/household controls are household size, age, annual household income, marital status, race, Hispanic status, female indicator, educational attainment, homeownership status, and employment status in the last 7 days. State-level temporal controls are covid case count per capita, number of deaths per capita, and unemployment rate in the bimonthly periods. Standard errors are clustered at the state level. The error bars show 95% confidence intervals | PMC9789515 | 11150_2022_9637_Fig4_HTML.jpg |
0.494403 | b68109880fc741f2a1acec7b9b6a81c3 | Heterogeneity in the effect of state EITC eligibility on food insufficiency based on one dependent vs. two or more dependents among the eligible over the bimonthly post-treatment periods. Notes: Period 0 refers to January-February, 2021. Sample (N = 97,303) consists of respondents from the Household Pulse Survey week 10 to week 39 with at least one dependent below 18 and pre-tax annual household income below $50,000 living in states that have either only refundable state EITC programs (treated states) or no tax credit program (control states). Individual/household controls are household size, age, annual household income, marital status, race, Hispanic status, female indicator, educational attainment, homeownership status, and employment status in the last 7 days. State-level temporal controls are covid case count per capita, number of deaths per capita, and unemployment rate in the bimonthly periods. Standard errors are clustered at the state level. The error bars show 95% confidence intervals | PMC9789515 | 11150_2022_9637_Fig5_HTML.jpg |
0.520691 | fbc5d581065b4ca19028525a33e5523e | Effect of state EITC eligibility on food insufficiency among the eligible over the bimonthly periods (DD event study, unweighted). Notes: Period 0 refers to January–February, 2021. Sample (N = 97,303) consists of respondents from the Household Pulse Survey week 10 to week 39 with at least one dependent below 18 in the household and with pre-tax annual household income below $50,000 living in states that have either only refundable state EITC programs (treated states) or no tax credit program (control states). Individual/household controls are household size, age, annual household income, number of dependents below 18, marital status, race, Hispanic status, female indicator, educational attainment, homeownership status, and employment status in the last 7 days. State-level temporal controls are covid case count per capita, number of deaths per capita, and unemployment rate in the bimonthly periods. Standard errors are clustered at the state level. The error bars show 95% confidence intervals | PMC9789515 | 11150_2022_9637_Fig6_HTML.jpg |
0.553763 | 2d8f8774401d4e339ad04c0a41880d3f | Effect of state EITC eligibility on food insufficiency among the eligible over the bimonthly periods (DDD event study, unweighted). Notes: Period 0 refers to January-February, 2021. Sample (N = 244,975) consists of respondents from the Household Pulse Survey week 10 to week 39 living in states that have either only refundable state EITC programs (treated states) or no tax credit program (control states) and from two types of households: (1) at least one dependent below 18 and pre-tax annual household income below $50,000 and (2) no dependents below 18 and pre-tax annual household income above $25,000 and below $50,000. Individual/household controls are household size, age, annual household income, marital status, race, Hispanic status, female indicator, educational attainment, homeownership status, and employment status in the last 7 days. State-level temporal controls are covid case count per capita, number of deaths per capita, and unemployment rate in the bimonthly periods. Standard errors are clustered at the state level. The error bars show 95% confidence intervals | PMC9789515 | 11150_2022_9637_Fig7_HTML.jpg |
0.489096 | c742df57a5474056a8664e47801b96b3 | Effect of state EITC eligibility on food insufficiency among the ineligible over the bimonthly periods (DD, falsification study). Panel A and Panel B show unweighted and weighted findings, respectively. Notes: Sample (N = 147,672) consists of respondents from the Household Pulse Survey week 10 to week 39 with no dependents below 18 in the household and with pre-tax annual household income above $25,000 and below $50,000 living in states that have either only refundable state EITC programs (treated states) or no tax credit program (control states). Individual/household controls are household size, age, annual household income, marital status, race, Hispanic status, female indicator, educational attainment, homeownership status, and employment status in the last 7 days. State-level temporal controls are covid case count per capita, number of deaths per capita, and unemployment rate in the bimonthly periods. Standard errors are in parentheses and are clustered at the state level. Significance codes: ‘***’p < 0.001, ‘**’p < 0.01, ‘*’p < 0.05, ‘.’p < 0.1 | PMC9789515 | 11150_2022_9637_Fig8_HTML.jpg |
0.548421 | 0f7c018018e047488ce49bdccb4ba676 | Heterogeneity in the effect of state EITC eligibility on food insufficiency based on one dependent vs two or more dependents among the eligible over the post-treatment bimonthly periods (Unweighted). Notes: Period 0 refers to January-February, 2021. Sample (N = 97,303) consists of respondents from the Household Pulse Survey week 10 to week 39 with at least one dependent below 18 in the household and with pre-tax annual household income below $50,000 living in states that have either only refundable state EITC programs (treated states) or no tax credit program (control states). Individual/household controls are household size, age, annual household income, marital status, race, Hispanic status, female indicator, educational attainment, homeownership status, and employment status in the last 7 days. State-level temporal controls are covid case count per capita, number of deaths per capita, and unemployment rate in the bimonthly periods. Standard errors are clustered at the state level. The error bars show 95% confidence intervals | PMC9789515 | 11150_2022_9637_Fig9_HTML.jpg |
0.430227 | bd390f439cdf4db7bdafdae0b9bae739 | IL-22 inhibits bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis. To induce pulmonary fibrosis, mice were intratracheally injected with bleomycin followed by treatments with vehicle or IL-22. Normal mice injected intraperitoneally with PBS were used as control. A Lung tissues were collected at day 7 and day 21 post bleomycin administration (n = 6). qPCR was used to detect mRNA level of IL-22 in lung tissues (n = 6). GAPDH was used as a normalization gene. Data represent fold changes relative to normal control. B Body weight was monitored continuously (n = 6). C H&E staining and Masson staining were performed on paraffin slides (n = 6). Szapiel’s score was used to evaluate alveolar inflammation and lung injury, Ashcroft score, and collagen deposition were analyzed. Scale bar: 250 μm. Data are mean ± SEM, t-test was used for comparison between two groups, and one-way ANOVA was used for comparison between multiple groups. *, P < 0.05 | PMC9789559 | 13075_2022_2977_Fig1_HTML.jpg |
0.413786 | fd361783d4514b91b9713873026d045f | Impact of IL-22 on the expression of fibrosis-related genes. In the bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis model, lung tissues were collected at day 7 and day 21. A, B qPCR and western blotting were used to detect mRNA (n = 6) and protein (n = 3) levels of Collagen I, vimentin, and α-SMA. GAPDH was used as a normalization gene. Relative intensity of each band was normalized to GAPDH protein. The relevant gels and blots were cropped. C Immunofluorescence was performed on cryosection of lung tissues with indicated antibodies (n = 3). Scale bar: 50 μm. Relative fluorescence intensity was analyzed. Data are mean ± SEM, compared using one-way ANOVA test. *, P < 0.05 | PMC9789559 | 13075_2022_2977_Fig2_HTML.jpg |
0.477939 | ea34b14df4f94b10b3b54be67f06bfa2 | IL-22 inhibits collagen production of A549 cells, NIH/3T3 cells, and MLFs in vitro. A A549 cells and NIH/3T3 cells were cultured with 5 ng/ml TGF-β1 with or without IL-22 (1 ng/ml) for 48 h. MLFs were cultured with 5 ng/ml TGF-β1 with or without IL-22 (1 ng/ml, 5 ng/ml) for 48 h. Western blotting was used to detect proteins (n = 3). Relative intensity of each band was normalized to GAPDH protein. The relevant gels and blots were cropped. (B) MLFs were cultured with 5 ng/ml TGF-β1 with or without IL-22(1 ng/ml, 5 ng/ml, 10 ng/ml) for 48 h. Western blotting was used to detect proteins as indicated (n = 3). Relative intensity of each band was normalized to GAPDH protein. The relevant gels and blots were cropped. C A549 cells, NIH/3T3 cells, and MLFs were cultured with gradient doses of IL-22 for 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h in the presence of 5 ng/ml TGF-β1. Cell viability was measured using the CCK-8 assay (n = 6). Viability of cells without IL-22 treatment was set as 100%. D NIH/3T3 cells without TGF-β1 were co-cultured with T cells of WT or IL-22KO mice for 24 h with or without IL-22(10 ng/ml), and T cells were activated with CD3 and CD28. Relative intensity of each band was normalized to GAPDH protein. The relevant gels and blots were cropped. Data are mean ± SEM, compared using one-way ANOVA test. *, P < 0.05 | PMC9789559 | 13075_2022_2977_Fig3_HTML.jpg |
0.437255 | bc9238a5814140b9a9713c0114b261dd | IL-22 decreases the production of IL-17A. A In the bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis model, lung tissues were collected at day 7 and day 21. qPCR was used to detect mRNA (n = 6) levels of IL-17A and IFN-γ. B Flow cytometry was used to analyze the proportion of Th17 cells in lung tissues (n = 4) at day 7 and day 21 after bleomycin administration. Data are mean ± SEM, compared using one-way ANOVA test. *, P < 0.05 | PMC9789559 | 13075_2022_2977_Fig4_HTML.jpg |
0.426829 | 94502281de5245ca9d9f40e40bba37a6 | The IL-17A neutralizing antibody inhibits the expression levels of fibrosis-related genes. In the bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis model, lung tissues were collected at day 7 and day 21. A Western blotting was used to detect protein (n = 3) levels of Collagen I, vimentin, and α-SMA. Relative intensity of each band was normalized to GAPDH protein. The relevant gels and blots were cropped. B Immunofluorescence was performed on cryosection of lung tissues with indicated antibodies (n = 3). Scale bar: 50 μm. Relative fluorescence intensity was analyzed. Data are mean ± SEM, compared using one-way ANOVA test. *, P < 0.05 | PMC9789559 | 13075_2022_2977_Fig5_HTML.jpg |
0.420279 | 75afc7fe40454ad596b269c3767b9125 | The IL-17A neutralizing antibody ameliorates severe pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis. A H&E staining was performed on paraffin slides (n = 6). Szapiel’s score was used to evaluate alveolar inflammation and lung injury. Scale bar: 250 μm. B Masson staining was performed on paraffin slides (n = 6). Ashcroft score and collagen deposition were analyzed. Scale bar: 250 μm. C NIH/3T3 cells were cultured with gradient doses of the IL-17A neutralizing antibody for 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h in the presence of 5 ng/ml TGF-β1. Cell viability was measured using the CCK-8 assay (n = 6). Viability of cells without the IL-17A neutralizing antibody treatment was set as 100%. (D) NIH/3T3 cells were cultured with 5 ng/ml TGF-β1 with or without the IL-17A neutralizing antibody (1 μg/ml) for 48 h. NIH/3T3 cells and MLFs without TGF-β1 were cultured in the presence of 150 pmol IL-17A siRNAs, 50 ng/ml IL-17A, or a combination of IL-17A siRNAs and IL-17A in six-well plates. Western blotting was used to detect proteins (n = 3). Relative intensity of each band was normalized to GAPDH protein. The relevant gels and blots were cropped. (E) NIH/3T3 cells were cultured with 5 ng/ml TGF-β1 with or without IL-22(1 ng/ml) and IL-17A (50 ng/ml) for 48 h. MLFs were cultured with 5 ng/ml TGF-β1 with or without IL-22(5 ng/ml) and IL-17A (50 ng/ml) for 48 h. Western blotting was used to detect proteins (n = 3). Relative intensity of each band was normalized to GAPDH protein. The relevant gels and blots were cropped. Data are mean ± SEM, compared using one-way ANOVA test. *, P < 0.05 | PMC9789559 | 13075_2022_2977_Fig6_HTML.jpg |
0.616535 | d09b5b8e563f4ce5b6f2d1359b0c07be | Chemical structures of zunyimycins. | PMC9791046 | fcimb-12-1081243-g001.jpg |
0.432484 | c45c9edbb3164446baa526981f4fce24 | Effect of drug on the escape latency. (A) Zun-Pre: zunyimycin C preventive(14 mg/kg/d, intervene 21 days before modeling) effect, difference is signific after three days. (B) Zun-Int L: low-dose zunyimycin C (7 mg/kg/d) interventive effect, difference is signific after three days. (C) Zun-Int M: intermediate dose-dose zunyimycin C (14 mg/kg/d) interventive effect, difference is signific after three days. (D) Zun-Int H: high-dose zunyimycin C (21 mg/kg/d) interventive effect, no difference is signific after three days. (E) donepezil (5 mg/kg/d) interventive effect, difference is signific after three days. (E) donepezil (5 mg/kg/d) interventive effect, difference is signific after three days. (F) benfotiamine (5 mg/kg/d) interventive effect, difference is signific after three days. (G) benfotiamine (5 mg/kg/d) conjunction with intermediate-dose zunyimycin C (14 mg/kg/d) interventive effect, difference is signific after three days. (n=7), *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01. | PMC9791046 | fcimb-12-1081243-g002.jpg |
0.418929 | aa6dba317ac74ce28f08f0bf5cc6e120 | Effect of drug on the residence time in quadrant of the original platform and number of platform crossings. (A) Compared with AD model mice (Ab42), the residence time of the mice in the AD model group in the quadrant of the original platform was shorter than Vehicle group, the difference was statistically significant. Residence times of Zun-Int H group, donepezil group, and benfotiamine conjunction with Zun-Int M in the quadrant of the original platform were all lower than AD model group. Residence times of Zun-Pre group, Zun-Int L group, Zun-Int M group and benfotiamine intervention group longer than those in AD model group but no statistical significance. (B) Effect of drug on number of platform crossings. Compared with AD model mice, the platform crossing times of Zun-Int L group and Zun-Int H group were all higher than AD model model group and the difference was statistically significant.(n=7), *: P < 0.05; **: P < 0.01; ***: P < 0.001; ****: P < 0.0001. | PMC9791046 | fcimb-12-1081243-g003.jpg |
0.403508 | 6cb00dd6c6954ad2b6ebc2ab367f89b2 | Experimental trajectory of spatial exploration of mice in different treatment groups. Compared with AD model mice (Aβ42), activities in the original platform location were more frequent and the time stay in the quadrant in the Vehicle group, Zun-Pre group, Zun-Int L group, Zun-Int M group, and benfotiamine group (P < 0.05). The red dots represent the starting position of mouse swimming, and the blue dots represent the swimming end position of mice. | PMC9791046 | fcimb-12-1081243-g004.jpg |
0.415686 | 4e4a9101f6ca48f1ab9f06985f0e24ef | Effect of drugs on mRNA expression levels. AD model group (Aβ42) fold change was defined as 1, compared with AD model mice fold change higher than 2 was defined as upregulation and less than 0.75 as downregulation. | PMC9791046 | fcimb-12-1081243-g005.jpg |
0.449253 | 63b9b12b5220459f91224c3cbfbf77a2 | Effects of drugs on the expression of inflammation-related proteins in brain tissue of AD mouse model. (A, B) Protein expression level GFAP. (C, D) Protein expression level CD163. (E, F) Protein expression level Il-1β. (G, H) Protein expression level Il-6. 1:Zun-Pre; 2:Zun-Int Ll; 3: Zun-Int M; 4: Zun-Int H; 5: Donepezil; 6: Benfotiamine; 7:Zun-Int M+Benfotiamine; M:AD mouse model (Aβ42); C:vehicle. *:P < 0.05, **:P < 0.01, ***:P < 0.001; ****P < 0.0001. | PMC9791046 | fcimb-12-1081243-g006.jpg |
0.486963 | ec732fa0da38477da90a98938e3e2f81 | Effect of zunyimycin on intestinal flora of mice of mice. The intestinal bacteria in the zunyimycin C group changed greatly at the species level. The species abundance of the bacteria that accounted for the most of the total number of bacteria was arranged from high to low, the community structure of different groups of mice varied at the genus level. Compared with AD model mice, change of relative abundance of intestinal flora higher than 1 was defined as upregulation and lower than -1 as downregulation. | PMC9791046 | fcimb-12-1081243-g007.jpg |
0.45775 | 22cb10fa2ce947f690e950ddb5612816 | Effect of drugs on hemoilsin levels. KB, blank control group, CTX:model group;Zun C, zunyimycin C group; *: P < 0.05;***: P < 0.001. | PMC9791046 | fcimb-12-1081243-g008.jpg |
0.431074 | ebbde522ad6141678e5b6a0e90879ad8 | Effect of drugs on cytokine in mice. (A) the level of IL-2. (B) the level of IL-6. (C) the level of IFN-γ. (D) the level of TNF-α l. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ****P < 0.0001; ns, No statistical difference. | PMC9791046 | fcimb-12-1081243-g009.jpg |
0.391777 | 7353b801faac45eea757103e748f4c1d | Weather conditions across editions. Mean air temperature was measured in Whitehorse (A), Carmacks (B) and Dawson City (C) in February 2015 (dotted line), February 2017 (long dashed line), and February 2019 (solid line). No significant differences between editions or locations. | PMC9791263 | fphys-13-970016-g001.jpg |
0.515926 | 03d6cc88785a42bf9814fe5923c4332b | Overview of recruitment procedure. FIN = Finisher, NON = Non-finisher, CON = Control group. | PMC9791263 | fphys-13-970016-g002.jpg |
0.440575 | ae8c3a1dae2542d081de561bdb28ae4f | The measurement checkpoints: before the race in Whitehorse (PRE), during the race in Carmacks at 277 km (D1), and Pelly Crossing at 383 km (D2), after the race in Dawson City at 690 km (POST). | PMC9791263 | fphys-13-970016-g003.jpg |
0.42891 | 17dcef9824884688bdb6acbe6315643a | Correlation analyses for the non-finisher group at the four time points. DEP = Depression, CON = Confusion, ANG = Anger, VIG = Vigor, ANX = Tension-ANXiety, FTG = Fatigue, LEP = Leptin, COR = Cortisol, ADP = Adiponectin, NPY = Neuropeptide Y, RPE = Ratings of Perceived Exertion, TQR = Total Quality of Recovery. | PMC9791263 | fphys-13-970016-g004.jpg |
0.436838 | 510f9319548b444da4c07f1d7c17b494 | Correlation analyses for the finisher group at four time points. DEP = Depression, CON = Confusion, ANG = Anger, VIG = Vigor, ANX = Tension-ANXiety, FTG = Fatigue, LEP = Leptin, COR = Cortisol, ADP = Adiponectin, NPY = Neuropeptide Y, RPE = Ratings of Perceived Exertion, TQR = Total Quality of Recovery. | PMC9791263 | fphys-13-970016-g005.jpg |
0.439841 | 9c343f7a416a4e53822ef62482d93992 | Correlation analyses for the control group at the four time points. DEP = Depression, CON = Confusion, ANG = Anger, VIG = Vigor, ANX = Tension-ANXiety, FTG = Fatigue, LEP = Leptin, COR = Cortisol, ADP = Adiponectin, NPY = Neuropeptide Y, RPE = Ratings of Perceived Exertion, TQR = Total Quality of Recovery. | PMC9791263 | fphys-13-970016-g006.jpg |
0.414121 | 3272992208c54671b9c228424c5832ad | (a) and (b) Extraoral swelling on the left mid-facial region. (c) Intraoral swelling in the maxillary anterior region. | PMC9792247 | CRID2022-5981020.001.jpg |
0.476144 | 649c571dc1004be2a7e0b2f418841a1e | (a) Fine-needle aspiration revealed yellow-brown, blood-tinged cystic aspirate. (b) and (c) IOPAR and OPG demonstrate a well-defined unilocular radiolucency with an impacted inverted mesiodens in the maxillary anterior region. | PMC9792247 | CRID2022-5981020.002.jpg |
0.43271 | 34adb373e01242c882df9671c41126d7 | (a)–(c) The surgical enucleation of the lesion. | PMC9792247 | CRID2022-5981020.003.jpg |
0.463828 | 1a2e8eaf7d0b4c749048d795699f1bc7 | (a) and (b) Epithelial lining showing a combination of pseudostratified ciliated columnar and nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium varieties, with mucous glands and neurovascular bundles in the cystic wall (H&E stain, 100×). | PMC9792247 | CRID2022-5981020.004.jpg |
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