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20473599 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Didier%20Gonzales | Didier Gonzales | Didier Gonzales (born September 14, 1960 in Sidi Bel Abbès) is a member of the National Assembly of France. He represents the Val-de-Marne department, and is a member of the Union for a Popular Movement.
References
1960 births
Living people
People from Sidi Bel Abbès
Pieds-Noirs
Union for a Popular Movement politicians
Deputies of the 13th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic |
20473611 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Didier%20Mathus | Didier Mathus | Didier Mathus (born May 25, 1952 in Montceau-les-Mines) is a member of the National Assembly of France. He represents the Saône-et-Loire department, and is a member of the Socialiste, radical, citoyen et divers gauche.
References
1952 births
Living people
People from Montceau-les-Mines
Socialist Party (France) politicians
Deputies of the 12th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
Deputies of the 13th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic |
44500221 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patriot%20Transportation | Patriot Transportation | Patriot Transportation is an American trucking and real estate holding company based in Jacksonville, Florida. Through its affiliates, Patriot specializes in moving freight consisting mainly of petroleum products and other liquids and also dry bulk commodities. FRP Development Corp, the companies real estate division, acquires, constructs, leases and manages land and commercial buildings. As of September 30, 2013, Patriot Transportation had approximately $287.1 million in total assets.
See also
Florida Rock Industries
Vulcan Materials
References
External links
Patriot Transportation Official Web Site.
Companies based in Jacksonville, Florida
American companies established in 1988
Companies listed on the Nasdaq
1988 establishments in Florida
Publicly traded companies based in Jacksonville, Florida |
44500223 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel%20Gurri%C3%B3n%20Mat%C3%ADas | Daniel Gurrión Matías | Daniel Gurrión Matías (born 30 January 1958) is a Mexican politician from the Institutional Revolutionary Party. FIn 2009 he served as Deputy of the LX Legislature of the Mexican Congress representing Oaxaca.
References
1958 births
Living people
People from Oaxaca
Members of the Chamber of Deputies (Mexico)
Institutional Revolutionary Party politicians
21st-century Mexican politicians |
20473619 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Didier%20Migaud | Didier Migaud | Didier Migaud (born 6 June 1952) was president of the French Court of Audit from 2010 to 2020, and member of the National Assembly of France from 1988 to 2010.
Migaud represented Isère's 4th constituency in the National Assembly of France from 1988 to 2010 as a member of the New Left group.
In February 2010, he was nominated as the Chief Baron (premier président) of the Court of Audit which was left vacant after the death of Philippe Séguin.
Anecdotes
On October 7, 2010, Didier Migaud answered "76" to the question; "how much is 7 times 9?" , posed by a journalist of BFM TV, before beginning again to give the correct answer.
References
1952 births
Living people
People from Tours, France
Politicians from Centre-Val de Loire
Socialist Party (France) politicians
Deputies of the 9th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
Deputies of the 10th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
Deputies of the 11th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
Deputies of the 12th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
Deputies of the 13th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
Commandeurs of the Légion d'honneur |
20473632 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Didier%20Robert | Didier Robert | Didier Robert (born 26 April 1964) is a French politician who is a member of the Republicans party. He represents the island of Réunion, and was a member of the Union for a Popular Movement.
Robert has served as President of the Regional Council of Réunion since 26 March 2010, succeeding Paul Vergès.
References
1964 births
Living people
Presidents of the Regional Council of Réunion
Members of the Regional Council of Réunion
Politicians of Réunion
Sciences Po Aix alumni
The Republicans (France) politicians
Deputies of the 13th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
Senators of Réunion
People from Saint-Pierre, Réunion
Members of Parliament for Réunion |
44500225 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International%20Archives%20of%20Medicine | International Archives of Medicine | The International Archives of Medicine is an open access medical journal covering all aspects of medicine. It was established in 2008 and published by BioMed Central until the end of 2014. Starting in 2015, the journal is being published by iMed.pub, the official publisher of the Internet Medical Society, and restructured as a megajournal on all areas of medicine. The journal was abstracted and indexed from 2009 until its delisting in 2015 in Scopus. The editor-in-chief is .
In 2015, as part of a sting operation, science journalist John Bohannon submitted an intentionally flawed study that claimed that eating chocolate aided weight-loss to the International Archives of Medicine. The article was accepted without peer review by the journal's CEO, Carlos Vasquez, who called the manuscript "outstanding" and published it without any change for a fee of . The journal editors later said that the article hadn't been accepted and was posted on the journal website only "for some hours", while Bohannon produced previous correspondence from the editors that said otherwise.
The journal's publishers, Internet Medical Publishing (and now iMed.pub), are both listed as potentially predatory publishers on "Beall's list" compiled by librarian Jeffrey Beall.
References
External links
Journal page at iMed.pub
Open access journals
General medical journals
Publications established in 2008
English-language journals |
20473643 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dino%20Cinieri | Dino Cinieri | Dino Cinieri (born 9 July 1955 in Firminy, Loire) is a French politician of the Republicans (LR) who serves as a member of the National Assembly of France, representing the Loire department.
Ahead of the 2022 presidential elections, Cinieri publicly declared his support for Michel Barnier as the Republicans’ candidate.
References
1955 births
Living people
People from Firminy
French people of Italian descent
Rally for the Republic politicians
Union for a Popular Movement politicians
The Republicans (France) politicians
The Social Right
Christian Democratic Party (France) politicians
Deputies of the 12th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
Deputies of the 13th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
Deputies of the 14th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
Deputies of the 15th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
Regional councillors of Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes |
44500249 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miguel%20%C3%81ngel%20Guti%C3%A9rrez%20Aguilar | Miguel Ángel Gutiérrez Aguilar | Miguel Ángel Gutiérrez Aguilar (born 21 July 1978) is a Mexican politician from the National Action Party. From 2008 to 2009 he served as Deputy of the LX Legislature of the Mexican Congress representing Jalisco.
References
1978 births
Living people
Politicians from Jalisco
Members of the Chamber of Deputies (Mexico)
National Action Party (Mexico) politicians
21st-century Mexican politicians |
20473654 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominique%20Baert | Dominique Baert | Dominique Baert (born October 24, 1959 in Tourcoing) is a member of the National Assembly of France and represents the Nord department. He is a member of the Socialist Party (Parti Socialiste) and works in association with the SRC parliamentary group.
In 2019, Baert publicly declared his support for incumbent President Emmanuel Macron.
References
1959 births
Living people
People from Tourcoing
Socialist Party (France) politicians
Mayors of places in Hauts-de-France
Lille University of Science and Technology alumni
Deputies of the 13th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
Deputies of the 14th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic |
20473669 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominique%20Caillaud | Dominique Caillaud | Dominique Caillaud (born 20 May 1946, in L'Herbergement, Vendée) is a member of the National Assembly of France. He represents the Vendée department, and is a member of the Union for a Popular Movement.
References
1946 births
Living people
People from Vendée
Politicians from Pays de la Loire
Centre of Social Democrats politicians
Union for French Democracy politicians
Union for a Popular Movement politicians
Deputies of the 11th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
Deputies of the 12th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
Deputies of the 13th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic |
20473675 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominique%20Dord | Dominique Dord | Dominique Dord (born 1 September 1959 in Chambéry, Savoie) is a French politician of the French Republican Party who served as a member of the National Assembly of France between 1997 and 2017. He represented the Savoie department, He is also the mayor of Aix-les-Bains since 2001.
In the Republicans’ 2016 presidential primaries, Dort endorsed François Fillon as the party's candidate for the office of President of France.
References
1959 births
Living people
People from Chambéry
Republican Party (France) politicians
Liberal Democracy (France) politicians
The Republicans (France) politicians
Mayors of places in Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes
Deputies of the 12th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
Deputies of the 13th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
Deputies of the 14th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
HEC Paris alumni |
23575917 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Would%20I%20Lie%20to%20You%3F%20episodes | List of Would I Lie to You? episodes | The following is a list of episodes for the British comedy panel show Would I Lie to You?, which was first broadcast on 16 June 2007. As of 3 June 2022, 130 regular episodes (including 9 Christmas specials) and 18 clip shows have been broadcast across fifteen series; 148 episodes in total (not including the 2011 Comic Relief or 2016 Children in Need specials). The Series 2 & 3 clip shows consisted of a mix of new and previously seen footage; beginning with the fourth series, the clip shows were made up entirely of new material (although some later series also included an additional episode of the best previously broadcast footage).
All episodes are approximately 30 minutes long, and feature team captains Lee Mack and David Mitchell (with the exception of a series 8 episode where Mack was unable to attend the recording and his place was taken by Greg Davies), accompanied by two celebrity guests each. The first two series were hosted by Angus Deayton; he was replaced by Rob Brydon from the third series onwards.
Episode list
The coloured backgrounds denote the result of each of the shows:
– indicates David's team won.
– indicates Lee's team won.
– indicates the game ended in a draw.
Bold type – indicates Rob's individual liar of the week (used from series 3 to 9).
Series 1 (2007)
Series 2 (2008)
Series 3 (2009)
Series 4 (2010)
Comic Relief special (2011)
Series 5 (2011)
Series 6 (2012)
Series 7 (2013)
Series 8 (2014–15)
Series 9 (2015–16)
Series 10 (2016)
Children in Need special (2016)
Series 11 (2017–18)
Series 12 (2018–19)
Series 13 (2019–20)
Series 14 (2020–21)
Series 15 (2021–22)
Series 16
Scores
Footnotes
References
External links
Lists of British comedy television series episodes
Lists of British non-fiction television series episodes |
20473685 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominique%20Le%20M%C3%A8ner | Dominique Le Mèner | Dominique Le Mèner (born 12 November 1958) is a French politician. He has been the president of the Sarthe departmental council since 2 April 2015.
He was a member of the National Assembly of France, representing Sarthe's 5th constituency from 2002 to 2017, as a member of the Union for a Popular Movement, then The Republicans.
References
1958 births
Living people
Union for a Popular Movement politicians
Deputies of the 12th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
Deputies of the 13th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
Deputies of the 14th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic |
20473692 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS%20Casco%20%28ID-1957%29 | USS Casco (ID-1957) | The second USS Casco (ID-1957) was a cargo ship that served in the United States Navy from 1918 to 1919.
Casco was built in 1910 by Flensburger Schiffbauges, Flensburg, Germany as SS Elmshorn. Elmshorn was seized by the United States upon the American entry into World War I. Renamed SS Casco, she came under the control of the United States Shipping Board. The U.S. Navy's 12th Naval District inspected her for possible naval service on 8 November 1917, and she was converted for naval use at the New York Navy Yard, Brooklyn, New York, prior to formal acquisition. The U.S. Navy acquired her on 7 January 1918 for World War I service on a bareboat charter from the Shipping Board. She was assigned the Identification Number (Id. No.) 1957 and commissioned as USS Casco on 8 January 1918.
Casco was assigned to the Naval Overseas Transportation Service. Operated first for United States Army account, and later for United States Shipping Board account, Casco carried U.S. Army cargo in four voyages from New York City to France between 20 January 1918 and 4 December 1918. This support of the American Expeditionary Force and the Army of Occupation continued with her last voyage in January 1919, from New York City to Lisbon, Portugal, carrying general cargo and Red Cross supplies. She returned to New York on 3 March 1919
Casco was decommissioned on 22 March 1919 and returned to the United States Shipping Board.
References
Department of the Navy: Naval Historical Center Online Library of Selected Images: Civilian Ships: S.S. Casco (American Freighter, 1910). Originally the German steamship Elmshorn. Served as USS Casco (ID # 1957) in 1918-1919
Ships built in Flensburg
Cargo ships of the United States Navy
World War I cargo ships of the United States
1910 ships |
23575924 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A9onora%20Miano | Léonora Miano | Léonora Miano (born 1973, in Douala) is a Cameroonian author.
Biography
Léonora Miano was born in Douala in Cameroon. She moved to France in 1991, where she first settled in Valenciennes and then in Nanterre to study American Literature. She published her first novel, Dark Heart of the Night, which was well received by French critics, receiving six prizes: Les Lauriers Verts de la Forêt des Livres, Révélation (2005), the Louis Guilloux prize (2006), the Prix du Premier Roman de Femme (2006), the René-Fallet prize (2006), the Bernard-Palissy prize (2006),and the Cameroonian Excellence prize (2007). The Lire magazine awarded it with the title of the best first French novel in 2005.
Her second novel, Contours du jour qui vient, received the Goncourt des lycéens prize, which was discerned by a jury of young high schoolers between the ages of 15 and 18.
In the spring of 2008, Léonora Miano published five novels in the « Étonnants classiques » collection of the Flammarion Group. The novels are grouped under the title, Afropean et autres nouvelles.
According to Daniel S. Larangé, Miano's work has the particularity of creating an afropéenne literature that is aware of the transformations of the world and of humanity. She defends the afropéenne identity at a time of globalization, which could regenerate French culture through the bias French-speaking literature. Daniel S. Larangé also adds that "jazzy writing" is based on a popular and musical culture that integrates impromptu rhythms and rhapsodies specific to jazz.
In 2013, Léonora Miano won the Prix Femina for La Saison de l'Ombre which recounts, in keeping with Yambo Ouologuem's Devoir de Violence, the beginning of the slave trade. The novel, rich in emotions, would be a parable of globalization which leads to the exploitation of humanity as a product of consumption.
In 2015, she directed the collective work Volcaniques: une anthologie du plaisir in which twelve women authors of the black world, Hemley Boum, Nafissatou Dia Diouf, Marie Dô, Nathalie Etoke, Gilda Gonfier, Axelle Jah Njiké, Fabienne Kanor, Gaël Octavia, Gisèle Pineau, Marie-Laure Endale, Elizabeth Tchoungui and Léonora Miano herself have written short stories around this theme.
In 2018, Satoshi Miyagi directed Révélation, the first part of a trilogy on the history of slavery called Red in Blue, published in 2011. Léonora Miano, a specialist in the colonial event, chose Satoshi Miyagi as the director because his Japanese culture is distant from the history of the transatlantic slavery. It was the writer's desire to avoid "cultural appropriation" by a Westerner. The contrast between the familiar story for a Western spectator and the aesthetic distance (dissociation of voice and body inherited from Japanese theater) creates a surprise and goes beyond the confrontation between Africa and Europe.
Her writing has won several literary awards, including the Louis Guilloux Prize (2006), the Montalembert Prize (2006), the René Fallet Prize (2006), the Bernard Palissy Prize (2006), the Prix Goncourt des Lycéens (2006) and the Prix Fémina (2013).
She criticized the foreword added to the English translation of her 2005 first novel, Dark Heart of the Night, calling it "full of lies"; in 2012 Zukiswa Wanner, however, based on reading Dark Heart of the Night rated Miano as one of her top five African writers (alongside H. J. Golakai, Ondjaki, Chika Unigwe and Thando Mgqolozana), describing Miano's work as "brilliant".
Awards
2006: Prix Goncourt des Lycéens
2006: Prix Louis-Guilloux
2006: Montalembert Prize
2006: Bernard Palissy Prize
2006: René Fallet Prize
2011: Grand prix littéraire d'Afrique noire
2012: Prix Seligmann
2013: Grand prix du roman métis
2013: Prix Fémina
Works
L'Intérieur de la nuit, Plon, 2005; Pocket, 2006,
Dark Heart of the Night (translated by Tamsin Black), University of Nebraska Press, 2010,
Contours du jour qui vient, Plon, 2006, ; Pocket Jeunesse 2008; Pocket 2008,
Afropean Soul, Flammarion,
Tels des astres éteints, Plon, 2008,
Soulfood équatoriale, Robert Laffont, 2009,
Les Aubes écarlates, Plon, 2009,
Blues pour Elise, Plon, 2010,
Ces âmes chagrines, Plon, 2011
Écrits pour la parole, L'Arche éditeur, 2012
Habiter la frontière, L'Arche éditeur, 2012
La Saison de l'ombre, Grasset, 2013 — Prix Femina 2013
Season of the Shadow (translated by Gila Walker), Seagull Books, 2018,
Crépuscule du tourment, Grasset, 2016
L’impératif transgressif , L'Arche éditeur, 2016 ()7
Crépuscule du tourment 2 Héritage, Grasset, 2017 ()
Rouge impératrice Grasset, 2019, ()
References
External links
Cameroonian women writers
Cameroonian expatriates in France
Cameroonian writers in French
People from Douala
1973 births
Living people
Chevaliers of the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres
Prix Louis Guilloux winners
Prix Femina winners
Prix Goncourt des lycéens winners
20th-century Cameroonian writers
20th-century Cameroonian women writers
21st-century Cameroonian writers
21st-century Cameroonian women writers |
20473704 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominique%20Orliac | Dominique Orliac | Dominique Orliac (born March 15, 1952 in Palaiseau, Essonne) was a member of the National Assembly of France. She represented the 1st circumscription of the Lot Département, and is a member of the Radical Party of the Left; she lost her seat in the 2017 Parliamentary Elections.
References
1952 births
Living people
People from Palaiseau
Radical Party of the Left politicians
Politicians from Île-de-France
Women members of the National Assembly (France)
Deputies of the 13th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
Deputies of the 14th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
21st-century French women politicians |
20473715 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominique%20Raimbourg | Dominique Raimbourg | Dominique Raimbourg (born April 28, 1950) was a member of the National Assembly of France. He represented Loire-Atlantique's 4th constituency from 2001 to 2002 and again from 2007 to 2017, as a member of the Socialiste, radical, citoyen et divers gauche.
References
1950 births
Living people
Deputies of the 11th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
Deputies of the 13th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
Deputies of the 14th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic |
44500262 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmentalist%20Foundation%20of%20India | Environmentalist Foundation of India | The Environmentalist Foundation of India (E.F.I) is an environmental conservation group based out of Chennai, Hyderabad, Puducherry, Bangalore, Trivandrum, Mumbai, Delhi, Kolkata and Coimbatore which focuses on wildlife conservation and habitat restoration. Started in 2007 and registered in 2011, the organisation is known for its work in cleaning and scientific restoration of lakes in India for biodiversity. The organisation and its efforts grew from one pond in Chennai to include over 167 water bodies in Andhra Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Delhi, Gujarat, Jammu & Kashmir, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, Puducherry, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Telangana, Uttar Pradesh and West Bengal in the last 14 years (2007 to 2021).
Activities
E.F.I focuses on restoration of lakes, flora, care of stray animals and a village development programme. Most of the organisation's work is carried out through volunteer support. E.F.I organises lake clean ups every Sunday and as of 2014 had cleaned 39 lakes across India. This includes Madambakkam, Keezhkattalai, Narayanapuram, Karasangal and Arasankazhani lakes in Chennai; the Selvachintamani Kulam in Coimbatore; and the Kapra, Alwal, Gurunadham Cheruvu lakes in Hyderabad.
In the cases of Arasankazhani lake and the Selvachintamani Kulam, the projects were executed through public funding in the first and government support for the second. The lakes now have "G" shaped central islands for the birds to nest and fish to spawn. These geometric central islands are a first of its kind, with wind barrier capabilities and roosting facilities. The lakes also have percolation trenches and parallel bunds which ensure water retention and trapping of garbage.
E.F.I is also involved in the setting up of herbal biodiversity gardens at schools and special interest zones. The idea behind the herbal gardens are to increase people's interest in green cover and live healthy with native Indian herbs. E.F.I's "Clean for Olive Green" is a beach clean up project that is organised every year in the months of December to May to keep Chennai's beaches clean for the nesting Sea Turtle Mothers.
E.F.I is active in Chennai, Hyderabad, Coimbatore, Delhi, Srinagar and Thiruvananthapuram. The organisation is known for cleaning the beach stretch between Veli and Vizhinjiam in Thiruvananthapuram part of the Beach Habitat Restoration.
Ramanujar Pond Restoration in Kanchipuram. An ancient waterbody, located in front of the Sri Ramanujar Sannadhi at Sevilimedu in Kancheepuram taluk, was revived by the Environmentalist Foundation of India (E.F.I). The work coincided with the 1,000th birth anniversary of Sri Ramanuja.
Narendra Modi- Xi Jinping summit and E.F.I Lake Restoration
To commemorate the historic Indo-China summit 2019 at Mamallapuram, E.F.I took on the task of reviving the Konneri Tank. A lake adjacent to the monuments in the UNESCO World Heritage town. The tank named so owing to its shape of a sitting cow was restored in time for the summit. Deepening of the water body, clearing invasive weeds, planting native saplings, establishing 'G' shaped nesting islands were all part of the restoration effort.
EFI Chidambaram
With the administrative support from the then District Sub Collector Mr. Vishu Mahajan IAS, E.F.I signed an MOU with administration to revive 9 water bodies in the temple town of Chidambaram over 2 years. These include the historic Omakulam, Nagachery kulam, Gnanaprakasam pond, Ayee Kulam and other water bodies such as Thatchan Kulam, Periya Anna Kulam, Chinna Anna Kulam, Kumaran Kulam, Palaman Kulam. As of 2020 October work was completed in the first four and the remaining 5 to be worked on in 2021. This effort was further supported by Mr. Madhu Balan IAS who took over from Mr. Vishu. Active participation from community volunteers strengthened this effort by E.F.I.
EFI Trivandrum
Environmentalist Foundation of India started operations in Trivandrum by cleaning the Veli lake front. The efforts extended to cleaning of the Karimadom Colony pond. The organization is working towards the eco-restoration of the pond located in the heart of Trivandrum. In addition to this the organization runs awareness drives around the Thettiyaar, Parvathy Puthanar and Aakulam water reserves. These are done through Lake Safaris and other EFI outreach programs.
E.F.I Hyderabad
E.F.I volunteers at 9 lakes across Hyderabad. This includes the Kapra Lake, Madinaguda Lake, Gangaram Cheruvu, Gurunadham Cheruvu, Alwal lake and others. Several volunteers come together over the weekends to voluntarily clean up the lakes of physical garbage.
E.F.I Bangalore
E.F.I volunteers removed close to 3 tonnes of garbage from the Hebbal lake on the 18th of June. Several like minded citizens continue to volunteer over the weekend to clean up the Hebbal Lake. Efforts are also on to volunteer for lakes in South and North East Bangalore.
E.F.I Coimbatore
E.F.I volunteers across several lakes in Coimbatore ranging from the Selvachintamani Kulam, Kumarasamy Kulam and others. The organization has a dedicated rural program covering areas of Thondamuthur, Karamadai and Madukkarai. E.F.I recruits volunteers through several school programs and students actively participate in supporting E.F.I's efforts. E.F.I released a documentary titled 'Coimbatore's Last Drop' in 2017. Aimed at increasing public awareness on water conservation. E.F.I also organizes regular Lake Safaris in Coimbatore to sensitize the public on the depleting state of lakes in the city.
In 2021, the organization had taken on the restoration of four water bodies close to the Kalapatti region in Coimbatore, namely the Kaliaperumal Koil Kulam, Kalam Park Kuttai, Kalapatti Lake and the Thottipalayam Lake. The restorations were inaugurated and flagged off by the Coimbatore Collector Thiru Sameeran GS IAS and Coimbatoe Municipal Corporation Commissioner Thiru Raja Gopal Sunakara IAS on September 1, 2021.
E.F.I Chennai
The Environmentalist Foundation of India's weekend voluntary clean ups are a regular in lakes such as Keezhkattalai, Madambakkam, Tiruneermalai, Adambakkam, Perumbakkam, Sithalapakkam, Mudichur lakes. These clean ups see several volunteers such as students, working class and senior citizen participating.
An eco-park named Kanagam was established in Anna Nagar to ensure sustainability and move away from the idea of ecologically damaging construction in any way. The project is being executed in collaboration with the Government of Tamil Nadu and the Greater Chennai Corporation under the Namakku Naame scheme.
2016 lake restorations in Chennai
Post the 2015 floods, E.F.I's role in mobilizing volunteers and restoring freshwater bodies in Chennai became furthermore important. Immediately post the monsoons, the organization started working on restoration of three ponds within the Perungalathur Town Panchayat. Following which scientific restoration efforts were undertaken at the Arasankazhani Lake, Karasangal Lake, Mudichur Ponds, Karasangal Pond and West Mambalam Pond.
2017 lake restorations
E.F.I worked on the restoration of 29 water bodies in 2017. This included the restoration of the Thumbikairayen pond near Thondamuthur in the district as part of its water-body rejuvenation initiative.
One pond in Nagapattinam and one in Chellaperumal Nagar at Sriperumbudur in Tamil Nadu were restored by E.F.I with support from the Better India group. The Omakulam at Madhavaram in Chennai was restored by E.F.I in partnership with the Greater Chennai Corporation and Chennai City Connect. Noted Carnatic Singer Smt. Sudhaa Ragunathan through her social group Samudhaaya Foundation supported E.F.I in restoring two ponds at Thiruvaiyaaru in Tamil Nadu E.F.I worked on the restoration of 7 rural ponds in the Tirunelveli district. This included water bodies in Ambasamudram Taluk
2018 lake restoration
E.F.I worked on restoring nearly 37 water bodies in the year 2018. This included the Malliankaranai Pond establishment project in Uthiramerur. Following which E.F.I started work on the ecological restoration of the Gerugambakkam Pond in West Chennai. The once garbage filled and weed infested water body was cleaned and restored through E.F.I's community based conservation efforts. Following the Gerugambakkam Pond Restoration E.F.I and the Greater Chennai Corporation got into an agreement to restore nearly 20 different water bodies spread across Chennai. This included the Ramachandra Nagar Pond, Theeyambakkam Pond, Vinayagapuram Pond and others. The organization also took on the scientific restoration of the Sholinganallur Lake located on the arterial IT Corridor of O.M.R in South Chennai.
The Minjur pond restoration in North Chennai, Vinayagapuram pond restoration in North West Chennai near Puzhal Lake were also completed in 2018. Arresting the inflow of sewage, clearing the water bodies of non-degradable trash, construction debris and invasive weeds was part of the eco restoration efforts. These water bodies are today important ground water recharge sites.
2019 lake/pond restorations
The year started early and on a positive note for E.F.I with the first restoration project kick starting at Thazhambur in Chennai. The abandoned Thazhambur pond was taken up for ecological restoration and through scientific means. The restoration at Thazhambur received overwhelming public support through active citizen volunteering.
3 Ponds in the Kinathukadavu suburb of Coimbatore were restored by E.F.I between January and March 2019. A total of 7 ponds in the region have been adopted out of which 3 were completed by March. These ponds part of a system are important for local agriculture and drinking water.
The Sam Nagar pond near Manali in North West Chennai was restored by E.F.I in March 2019. The pond located within the burial ground was to be slowly converted into a dumping site, however is now revived and ecologically restored.
Water bodies in the periphery of the Palliakranai Marsh were given priority in 2019 part of E.F.I's efforts. This includes the Mandapam Kuttai, Puliyakeni and Nattar Street ponds of Velachery, the Pillayar Koil Kulam at Pallikaranai, The Nehru Nagar Pond at Karappakam on OMR, the Kannan Kulam and Kattabomman Pond at Thoraipakkam.
2020 Lakes/Pond restorations
The entire world was gripped by the COVID Pandemic, this brought to a temporary halt the lake/pond restoration efforts at E.F.I. Big projects such as the 257 acres Madambakkam Lake Restoration The 73 acres Koladi Lake Restoration The Ayapakkam Lake part restoration at Aparna Nagar, The Thirumulaivoyal Pond Restoration, The Mittanamalli Lake Restoration, The Vandalur ORR Lake Restoration, The Nedunkundram Samiyar Pond and Gandhi Road Pond, The Anaikeni Pond Restoration were all completed in Chennai. Aurangabad Shenpunji Lake Restoration, Vijaywada Pedda Cheruvu ,Konai Cheruvu and Vura Cheruvu, Visakapatnam Vura Cheruvu, Hubli Rayanal Kere, Ahmedabad Makarba Lake, Indore Kanadiya Lake, Tuticorin Puthupatti Lake etc were also worked on in 2020 A pan India Lake/pond restoration effort.
Revival of tributaries
E.F.I worked on the restoration of the Seekana Channel which leads from Mudichur's Seekana Lake to the Adyar River in South West Chennai. The channel which had an overgrowth of weed, garbage dumping and other issues was worked upon over 3 months and completely revived. This included the deepening of the channel, elevating the bunds and regulating the water flow. The restoration of the channel ensured prevention of flooding in areas such as Madhanapuram and Parvathy Nagar of Mudichur.
Dal Lake
E.F.I in association with a local group called Arastha in Srinagar in Jammu & Kashmir is involved in a multi-phase community based conservation of the Dal Lake. The two year long effort is voluntary with involvement from local citizens, shikaras, houseboat owners and the students in Srinagar. The efforts are aimed at cleaning the Dal Lake and maintaining it as an ecologically sensitive habitat.
Water security mission
The Government of Tamil Nadu launched a water security mission in the year 2015. The project is to focus on 15 lakes around Chennai which would be cleaned and scientifically restored. The Chennai Metro water is the nodal agency and Environmentalist Foundation of India is the executing NGO partner. 15 lakes chosen included the Madambakkam, Perumbakkam, Mudichur, Thiruverkadu, Keezhkattalai, Medavakkam, Adambakkam, Arasankazhani, Madipakkam, Puzhithivakkam lakes and more. This is seen as an effort to improve Chennai's water table and conserve these ecological habitats.
E.F.I's documentaries on water
E.F.I at a regular interval produces environmental documentary films. These films are used for public outreach efforts at schools, colleges, work environments. The organization has made three documentaries "Chennai's Lakes" "Chennai's Rivers" and "Coimbatore's Last Drop". It is working on similar documentaries on Pondicherry's Lakes and Bengaluru's Last Drop.
Lake Savaari
In an effort to connect people with environment, Environmentalist Foundation of India is organising a weekly Lake Savaari. Lake Savaari is an ecological safari aimed at increasing public awareness on freshwater habitats in Chennai. The safari is a free guided trip in which participants are taken to six lakes in Chennai where the Geology-Hydrology and Biodiversity are briefly explained. The lake safari is a 3-hour guided tour starting and ending at Thiruvanmiyur covering the Sholinganallur Pond, Arasankazhani Lake, Perumbakkam Lake, Medavakkam Lake and Narayanapuram Lake. E.F.I's lake safari in Coimbatore are scheduled over weekends and is a guided ecological tour with Sanjay Prasad E.F.I's Coimbatore coordinator.
Cyclakes
To enthuse the public on the need for conservation of freshwater bodies, E.F.I has initiated Cyclakes. A campaign aimed at encouraging people to cycle to their neighborhood lakes to learn more about their freshwater bodies. The effort rolled out in Chennai, Bangalore, Coimbatore, Pondicherry and Hyderabad is a weekend activity where participants are taken on a guided ecological tour to series of lakes. Every stopover is one of the city's lakes where stories related to the lakes ecology, revival etc. are shared.
E.F.I's Hydrostan
'Hydrostan' a video series launched by the Environmental Film Association (E.F.A) which is part of E.F.I. Through the series several documentaries on rivers of Tamil Nadu and other inspiring water stories are documented and made available for the general public. Aimed at increasing public awareness on water conservation, the screenings happen every weekend in Chennai and the videos are available on YouTube for public viewing.
E.F.I's public awareness wall paintings
Part of its outreach efforts, E.F.I has teamed up with the Southern Railway, Chennai Metro Rail Corporation and Greater Chennai Corporation to paint public walls with environment outreach information. Named "Wall.E" the effort has spread to 8 cities in 2017.
Founding
E.F.I was founded by Arun Krishnamurthy when initiated the cleaning of a pond in Mudichur and a lake in Hyderabad. The organisation's approach to recruit volunteers through school and college orientation programmes received support with many students joining them. E.F.I's team received support from like minded people across the spectrum who joined them as volunteers in their Sunday clean ups.
Recognition
British Council International Climate Champion Excellence Award in 2010.
Google Alumni Impact Award in 2011.
Rolex Awards for Enterprise award in 2012 for cleaning Lake Kilkattalai in Chennai.
Jane Goodall Institute Global Youth Leadership Award, 2010.
Youth Action Net Fellow.
The E.F.I has received voluntary support from celebrities of film industry as well, including Kamal Hasan and Trisha Krishnan.
In 2022, the Hon. Prime Minister Narendra Modi had acknowledged E.F.I's conservation efforts in restoring over 170 water bodies across the country.
References
External links
E.F.I
Volunteer in Environmentalist Foundation of India
Non-profit organisations based in India
Environmental organisations based in India |
44500270 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ritchie%20Blackmore%20%28disambiguation%29 | Ritchie Blackmore (disambiguation) | Ritchie Blackmore may refer to:
Ritchie Blackmore, an English guitarist and songwriter. Also part of Rainbow and of the music duo Blackmore's Night
Ritchie Blackmore's Rainbow, first album by British rock guitarist Ritchie Blackmore's solo band Rainbow
Ritchie Blackmore Stratocaster, an alternative known name for the electric guitar Fender Stratocaster
See also
Richie Blackmore (rugby league), New Zealand rugby league player and coach |
23575929 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nick%20Palatas | Nick Palatas | Nicholas Edward Palatas (born January 22, 1988) is an American actor. Palatas has appeared in short films including The Erogenous Zone, Love, and Air We Breathe and has been in several ads. In 2009, he played Norville "Shaggy" Rogers in the film Scooby-Doo! The Mystery Begins and reprised the role in Scooby-Doo! Curse of the Lake Monster which aired in October 2010. A newcomer to the Scooby-Doo series, Palatas took over for Matthew Lillard. Palatas is of Slovakian, English and German descent.
Personal life
Palatas married his wife Marissa Denig in 2012. Denig filled for divorce from Palatas in 2017; the divorce was finalized in 2019.
Filmography
References
External links
1988 births
21st-century American male actors
American male film actors
American male television actors
Living people
Male actors from Maryland
People from Bethesda, Maryland
American male voice actors |
20473723 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Womensforum | Womensforum | Womensforum is a United States-based online community website for women.
History
Based in Chicago, Illinois, it was co-created by Jodi Turek and Mark Kaufman in 1996. The network of sites aggregated and promoted content from partner websites aimed at their demographic. Womensforum.com offered content from a wide range of topics such as health, family, home, fashion, career, pop culture, and relationships. In 2000, the website obtained $17 million in financing from venture capital firm VantagePoint Venture Partners. As of April 2008, Womensforum was ranked in the top 10 U.S. gaining properties based on unique visitors. As of July 2008, Womensforum had over 40 sites in its network and received more than 6.7 million visitors each month. As of October 2009, WomensForum partner sites had grown to more than 50. Some of their partners included Babynames.com, and CopyKat.com.
See also
Pink Petro
References
External links
Official Website
How To Be A Better Girlfriend
1996 establishments in the United States
American social networking websites
Internet properties established in 1996
American women's websites |
23575932 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BDitovlice | Žitovlice | Žitovlice is a municipality of the Nymburk District of the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic.
Villages in Nymburk District |
20473730 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominique%20Souchet | Dominique Souchet | Dominique Souchet (born July 9, 1946 in La Rochelle, Charente-Maritime) was a member of the National Assembly of France between 2008 and 2012. He represented the Vendée department, is a member of the Movement for France and does not align himself with any parliamentary group.
References
1946 births
Living people
People from La Rochelle
Politicians from Nouvelle-Aquitaine
Movement for France politicians
Deputies of the 13th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
Movement for France MEPs
MEPs for France 1999–2004 |
44500283 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Under%20Cover%20of%20Night | Under Cover of Night | Under Cover of Night is a 1937 American action film directed by George B. Seitz, written by Bertram Millhauser, and starring Edmund Lowe, Florence Rice, Nat Pendleton, Henry Daniell, Sara Haden and Dean Jagger. It was released on January 8, 1937, by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer.
Plot
A professor, Janet Griswald (Sara Haden), is about to announce a great discovery in physics when her jealous husband (Henry Daniell), who collaborated with her, causes her to have a heart attack by throwing her dog out a window. To cover up his heinous deed, he throws a ball the dog was playing with out the window also to make it seem the dog chased after it.
When he can't find her notebook containing the discovery details, he ends up killing several other people. Detective Cross (Edmund Lowe) solves what might have been a perfect crime when he realizes the dog was thrown out the window before the ball.
Cast
Edmund Lowe as Christopher Cross
Florence Rice as Deb
Nat Pendleton as Sergeant Lucks
Henry Daniell as Marvin Griswald
Sara Haden as Janet Griswald
Dean Jagger as Alan
Frank Reicher as Rudolph Brehmer
Zeffie Tilbury as Mrs. Nash
Henry Kolker as District Attorney Prichard
Marla Shelton as Tonya Van Horne
Theodore von Eltz as John Lamont
Dorothy Peterson as Susan
Harry Davenport as Dr. Reed
Larry Steers as Factually Member (uncredited)
References
External links
1937 films
English-language films
American action films
1930s action films
Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer films
Films directed by George B. Seitz
American black-and-white films |
44500285 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Octavio%20Klimek%20Alcaraz | Octavio Klimek Alcaraz | Octavio Adolfo Klimek Alcaraz (born 30 December 1962) is a Mexican politician from the Party of the Democratic Revolution. From 2008 to 2009 he served as Deputy of the LX Legislature of the Mexican Congress representing Guerrero.
References
1962 births
Living people
Politicians from Guerrero
Members of the Chamber of Deputies (Mexico)
Party of the Democratic Revolution politicians
21st-century Mexican politicians |
23575939 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nate%20Erdmann | Nate Erdmann | Nathan Lewis Erdmann (born November 21, 1973) is an American former professional basketball player.
After graduating from Portales High School at Portales, New Mexico in 1993, Erdmann played college basketball at Washington State University, Hutchinson Community College, and the University of Oklahoma. He was selected by the Utah Jazz with the 56th pick in the 1997 NBA Draft as a shooting guard. Erdmann was cut by the Jazz in the Summer League, having not played in a single regular-season game.
Professional career
Erdmann signed with the Idaho Stampede of the Continental Basketball Association in 1997.
He played with the Alerta Cantabria of the Spanish Liga ACB in the 2004–2005 season and for one month in the following season with the Polish team BC Anwil. In December 2005, Erdmann returned to Cantabria. Nate ended up playing in Euro leagues for 8+ years with stops in Italy (1998–2000 Pallacanestro Biella; 2000 – 2001 De Vizia Avellino; 2001–2003 Pallacanestro Trieste), France (2003–2004 Elan Bearmais Pau-Othez), Spain (2004–2006 Alerta Cantabria), and Poland (2006–2007 Stal Ostrow Wielkopolski).
References
External links
USA Today article summarizing 1997 NBA Draft shooting guard prospects
Italian league stats for Erdmann
1973 births
Living people
American expatriate basketball people in France
American expatriate basketball people in Italy
American expatriate basketball people in Poland
American expatriate basketball people in Spain
American men's basketball players
Basketball players from Iowa
Cantabria Baloncesto players
Élan Béarnais players
Hutchinson Blue Dragons men's basketball players
Idaho Stampede (CBA) players
KK Włocławek players
Oklahoma Sooners men's basketball players
Pallacanestro Biella players
Pallacanestro Trieste players
S.S. Felice Scandone players
Shooting guards
Sportspeople from Fort Dodge, Iowa
Stal Ostrów Wielkopolski players
Utah Jazz draft picks
Washington State Cougars men's basketball players |
20473741 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominique%20Tian | Dominique Tian | Dominique Tian (born 14 December 1959) is a French businessman and retired politician who represented the 2nd constituency of the Bouches-du-Rhône department in the National Assembly from 2002 to 2017. He has been member of The Republicans (LR) since the party was founded in 2015 as the successor to the Union for a Popular Movement (UMP). In the 2017 legislative election, Tian lost his seat in a "surprise" upset by Claire Pitollat of La République En Marche! (LREM), who was a first-time candidate.
Tian also held offices at the municipal and departmental level. He first served the member of the General Council of Bouches-du-Rhône for the canton of Marseille-Saint-Giniez from 1988 to 2002 as the successor of Jean-Claude Gaudin, before holding the mayorship of the 4th sector of Marseille, which encompasses the 6th and 8th arrondissements, from 1995 to 2013. Tian was later appointed First Deputy Mayor of Marseille under Mayor Gaudin from 2014 until 2020, succeeding Roland Blum. He retired from politics when he was succeeded by Socialist Benoît Payan as First Deputy Mayor under Mayor Michèle Rubirola following the 2020 municipal election.
Tax evasion conviction
In 2018, Dominique Tian was found guilty by a Paris court in a tax evasion lawsuit. He was sentenced to a one-year suspended prison sentence. Tian filed an appeal and a new trial was ordered. In 2019, he was found guilty again and sentenced to a suspended prison sentence of 18 months.
References
1959 births
Living people
20th-century French politicians
21st-century French politicians
Sciences Po Aix alumni
French city councillors
Politicians from Marseille
Union for French Democracy politicians
Union for a Popular Movement politicians
The Popular Right
The Republicans (France) politicians
Departmental councillors (France)
Deputies of the 12th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
Deputies of the 13th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
Deputies of the 14th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
Mayors of places in Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur
French politicians convicted of crimes |
20473756 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fabienne%20Labrette-M%C3%A9nager | Fabienne Labrette-Ménager | Fabienne Labrette-Ménager (born 8 January 1961) was a member of the National Assembly of France. She represented Sarthe's 1st constituency from 2007 to 2012, as a member of the Union for a Popular Movement.
Biography
She made her entry into politics in 2001 while jointly becoming adjunct to the mayor of Fresnay-sur-Sarthe and counselor-general for the canton of Fresnay-sur-Sarthe.
At the time of the regional elections in 2004, she appeared on the list of UDF-UMP led by François Fillon. Although this list was beaten in the 2nd round, she was elected to the district council of the Pays de la Loire. At that time, she relinquished her appointment as counselor for Fresnay-sur-Sarthe.
Fabienne Labrette-Domestic was elected deputy on 17 June 2007 for the XIIIe legislature (2007–2012), in the 1st district of the Sarthe by defeating, in the second round, Françoise Dubois (PS) with 56.55% of the vote. She thereby succeeded Pierre Hellier (UMP) who did not seek re-election. She was a member of the commissions for economic affairs, for the environment and for the region.
References
External links
Official web site
1961 births
Living people
Union for a Popular Movement politicians
Women members of the National Assembly (France)
Deputies of the 13th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
21st-century French women politicians |
20473766 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis%20Hillmeyer | Francis Hillmeyer | Francis Hillmeyer (born September 9, 1946 in Mulhouse, Haut-Rhin) is a member of the National Assembly of France. He represents the Haut-Rhin department, and is a member of the New Centre.
References
1946 births
Living people
People from Mulhouse
Union for French Democracy politicians
The Centrists politicians
Deputies of the 12th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
Deputies of the 13th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
Deputies of the 14th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
Union of Democrats and Independents politicians |
23575954 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karlovac%20Feri%C4%8Dana%C4%8Dki | Karlovac Feričanački | Karlovac Feričanački is a village in north-eastern Slavonia, situated in municipality town of Orahovica, Virovitica-Podravina County, Croatia.
Population and Demographics
References
CD-rom: "Naselja i stanovništvo RH od 1857-2001. godine", Izdanje Državnog zavoda za statistiku Republike Hrvatske, Zagreb, 2005.
Populated places in Virovitica-Podravina County |
20473777 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China%20Banknote%20Printing%20and%20Minting%20Corporation | China Banknote Printing and Minting Corporation | China Banknote Printing and Minting Corporation (CBPMC), () is a state-owned corporation which carries out the minting of all renminbi coins and printing of renminbi banknotes for the People's Republic of China.
CBPMC uses a network of printing and engraving and minting facilities around the country to produce banknotes and coins for subsequent distribution. Banknote printing facilities are located in
Beijing, Shanghai, Chengdu, Xi'an, Shijiazhuang, and Nanchang.
The state-owned company, headquartered in Beijing's Xicheng District is the world's largest money printer by volume. With more than 18,000 employees, it runs more than 10 highly secure facilities for the production of banknotes and coins. Mints are located in Shanghai, Shenyang, Shenzhen, and Nanjing. The Shanghai Mint is the oldest and most important mint in China, having been founded in 1920 during the Beiyang era of the Republic of China. Shanghai, Shenyang, and Shenzhen primarily mint fiat coins for circulation. Nanjing primarily prints fiat banknotes, and also does coining of small quantities of non-fiat coins for coin collectors. High grade paper for the banknotes is produced at two facilities in Baoding and Kunshan. The Baoding facility is the largest facility in the world dedicated to developing banknote material
In addition, the People's Bank of China has its own printing technology research division which research new techniques for creating banknotes and making counterfeiting more difficult.
The CBPMC bases its production of currency on the macroeconomic planning of the People's Bank of China.
CBPMC reportedly produces currency for a number of other countries, including Thailand, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Malaysia and Brazil.
References
External links
Printing companies of China
Mints (currency)
Banknote printing companies
Government of China
Manufacturing companies based in Beijing
Banknotes of China
People's Bank of China
Bullion dealers |
20473778 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis%20Saint-L%C3%A9ger | Francis Saint-Léger | Francis Saint-Léger (born February 22, 1957 in Mende, Lozère) was a member of the National Assembly of France. He represented Lozère's 1st constituency as is a member of the Union for a Popular Movement until the 2012 election, when the two Lozère constituencies were combined into one.
References
1957 births
Living people
People from Mende, Lozère
Union for a Popular Movement politicians
Deputies of the 12th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
Deputies of the 13th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic |
23575963 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anwain | Anwain | Anwain or Anwain Clan is a geographic area in Nigeria and also the people who live in it. Anwain Clan is one of the thirteen clans in Etsakọ land. The geographic area of Anwain is situated in the southern part of Etsakọ West, a local government area of Edo State. It is ward eight among the twelve wards of the Etsakọ local government area. Within Etsakọ West, Anwain is bounded by Ayuele, South Uneme, South Ibie, Ekperi, and Jagbe Clans. It also has boundaries with the clans Uzea and Afuda in the local government areas of Esan-North-East and Esan North Central respectively.
Culture
Predominant religions are Christianity, traditional religions, and Islam. The Anwain people speak Esan (Ishan) language, with a dialect influenced by the Etsakọ language.
The Anwain people perform several traditional dances. They are among the clan that within Esan that performs the Egbabonalimhiin dance. Egbabonalimhiin was devised by hunters in about 1400 CE; it is performed only by initiated males. Other traditional dances include: Ilegheze, performed by AKHOBA title holders of Eware during the Ukpe festival; IKOIGO, performed by women during special ceremonies such as burial of women title holders or marriages; Abayion (Asono); and Agbe.
Economy
Most Anwain people are farmers who practice shifting cultivation. Common crops include yam, cassava, rice, corn, groundnut, cashew, beans, pepper, tomatoes, and plantains. Rice marketed under the trade name Ekpoma is produced in the Anwain region. Bamboo grows wild in this region and is sometimes harvested for commercial sale. There are some small businesses that sell household goods to the local people. Both agricultural and commercial trade is severely restricted by the poor condition of local roads.
Infrastructure
Idegun is the premier village of Anwain. Its other villages are Idegun, Amah, Ibhioba, Uzokin, Ovughu, Otteh, and Eware. All these villages are in close proximity of an average of four kilometers. The villages are linked by seasonal motorable (untarred) roads which are under the supervision of the local government council. The nearest accessible trunk "A" (Benin-Agbede-Auchi-Abuja road) is eighteen kilometers away.
The clan has only one secondary school. The community is virtually running the school with the engagement of auxiliary teachers, and provision of teaching aids from textbooks to chalks. Each of the villages has a maximum of four teachers.
There is only one health clinic with a midwife and an assistant in the clan.
The only water supply in the clan is streams and a few private wells. The Olen river transverses most of the villages; because of this, it is referred to as a "river of unity".
Footnotes
Ethnic groups in Nigeria
Edo State |
6903928 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2003%20American%20Le%20Mans%20Series | 2003 American Le Mans Series | The 2003 American Le Mans Series season was the fifth season for the IMSA American Le Mans Series, and the 33rd overall season of the IMSA GT Championship. It was a series for Le Mans Prototypes (LMP) and Grand Touring (GT) race cars divided into 4 classes: LMP900, LMP675, GTS, and GT. It began March 15, 2003 and ended October 18, 2003 after 9 races.
Dyson Racing's overall win at Sonoma Raceway was the first time in ALMS history that the overall win was captured by a vehicle not from the LMP900 class.
Schedule
Little was changed between the 2002 and 2003 schedules; the Grand Prix of Washington, D. C. and Mid-Ohio Sports Car Course did not return, but both were instead replaced by the return of the Grand Prix of Atlanta at Road Atlanta. The Grand Prix of Mexico was originally scheduled for April 6 at the Autodromo Hermanos Rodriguez but was canceled due to financial issues.
Season results
Overall winner in bold.
Teams Championship
Points are awarded to the top 10 finishers in the following order:
20-16-13-10-8-6-4-3-2-1
Exceptions being for the 12 Hours of Sebring and Petit Le Mans which award the top 10 finishers in the following order:
26-22-19-16-14-12-10-9-8-7
Cars failing to complete 70% of the winner's distance are not awarded points. Teams only score the points of their highest finishing entry in each race.
LMP900 Standings
LMP675 Standings
GTS Standings
GT Standings
External links
American Le Mans Series homepage
IMSA Archived ALMS Results and Points
American Le Mans
American Le Mans
American Le Mans Series seasons |
44500313 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/5%20Years%20of%20Mau5 | 5 Years of Mau5 | 5 Years of Mau5 is a greatest hits and remix album by Canadian electronic music producer Deadmau5. It was released on November 24, 2014, in celebration of the five-year anniversary of his label, Mau5trap. Like his previous studio album, While(1<2) the retrospective was released in double disc format. The first disc acts as a greatest hits album encompassing highlights from the past five years of his back catalog, while the second disc serves as a remix album featuring exclusive and new remixes from various artists. The album artwork features a combination of the 'Mau5heads' used in the cover art of his first four studio albums released through the label: Random Album Title, For Lack of a Better Name, 4×4=12 and Album Title Goes Here.
Track listing
Notes
The original track listing was meant to feature the Wolfgang Gartner collaboration "Animal Rights" instead of "Not Exactly", as well as a remix of "Word Problems" by Friend Within (which was not finished in time for the album's release) in place of Wax Motif's Remix of "Raise Your Weapon".
NERO's remix of "Ghosts 'n' Stuff" and Madeon's remix of "Raise Your Weapon" were originally released in 2009 and 2011, respectively.
The deadmau5 vs Eric Prydz remix for "The Veldt" and the Michael Cassette remix for "Raise Your Weapon" were both initially recorded around 2012 and originally released around 2013, but neither were officially released before the album.
Charts
Weekly charts
Year-end charts
Release history
References
External links
Deadmau5 albums
2014 compilation albums
2014 greatest hits albums
2014 remix albums
Mau5trap albums
Ultra Records albums
Virgin Records albums |
20473787 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ravensworth%20%28plantation%29 | Ravensworth (plantation) | Ravensworth was an 18th-century plantation house near Annandale in Fairfax County, Virginia. Ravensworth was the Northern Virginia residence of William Fitzhugh, William Henry Fitzhugh, Mary Lee Fitzhugh Custis, William Henry Fitzhugh Lee and George Washington Custis Lee. It was built in 1796.
Location
Ravensworth was located near Annandale, Virginia, south of Braddock Road, west of the Capital Beltway (Interstate 495).
History
Ravensworth was one of three mansions built on the large Ravensworth land grant; the other two were Ossian Hall and Oak Hill. William Fitzhugh, who owned significant estates in northern Virginia and also served in the Continental Congress and both houses of the Virginia General Assembly, was buried there in 1809. William Fitzhugh also had a townhouse in Alexandria at 607 Oronoco Street in 1799, which his family – in 1818 – lent to their cousin, Anne Hill Carter Lee, widow of Henry "Light Horse Harry" Lee, and her eleven-year-old son, Robert Edward. Eleven years later, on 26 July 1829, Anne Hill Carter Lee died at Ravensworth.
Ravensworth then passed to Fitzhugh's son William Henry Fitzhugh, who died in 1830. William Henry Fitzhugh's childless widow, Anna Maria Sarah Goldsborough Fitzhugh, ran the estate until her death in 1874.
William Fitzhugh and Ann Bolling Randolph's daughter Mary Lee Fitzhugh married George Washington Parke Custis (Martha Washington's grandson) and became the mistress of Arlington House. Their grandson, Confederate general William Henry Fitzhugh "Rooney" Lee, inherited Ravensworth after the death of his great-aunt and lived there from 1874 until his death in 1891. In 1897 George Washington Custis Lee moved to Ravensworth after resigning as president of Washington and Lee University and lived there until his death in 1913.
When Mary Anna Custis Lee fled Arlington House in May 1861 after the outbreak of the Civil War, she stayed at Ravensworth briefly, but then moved further south for fear of inviting damage to the home. Both Union and Confederate forces took advantage of resources and location at Ravensworth; during 1863, in addition to Union forces foraging hay, partisan forces commanded by John S. Mosby once slept in a haystack there and at daybreak discovered they were in full view of a Union encampment. All three of the Fitzhugh estates were protected by orders from both sides throughout the war.
The house mysteriously burned on 1 August 1926.
In 1957, Dr. George Bolling Lee's widow sold the estate for development. That same year the remains from the Fitzhugh family cemetery, including those of William Fitzhugh and his wife, were removed and reinterred at the cemetery of Pohick Church in Lorton. The grounds later became the Ravensworth Farm subdivision, which today is a census-designated place also called Ravensworth. The locality's population as of the 2010 census was 2,466.
See also
Historic houses in Virginia
References
History of Virginia
Landmarks in Virginia
Colonial architecture in Virginia
Houses in Fairfax County, Virginia
Fitzhugh family residences
Lee family residences
1926 fires
Custis family residences
Plantation houses in Virginia
Annandale, Virginia
Houses completed in 1796
Burned houses in the United States
1796 establishments in Virginia
Buildings and structures demolished in 1926
1926 disestablishments in Virginia |
20473788 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis%20Vercamer | Francis Vercamer | Francis Vercamer (born May 10, 1958, in Lille, Nord) is a French politician of the Union of Democrats and Independents (as part of the Centrists) who served as a member of the National Assembly from 2002 until 2020, representing the Nord department, He is also the mayor of Hem, Nord.
Political career
During his time in parliament, Vercamer served on the Committee on Cultural Affairs (2002-2010), the Committee on Social Affairs (2010-2020), and the Committee on European Affairs (2009-2012).
References
1958 births
Living people
People from Lille
Union for French Democracy politicians
The Centrists politicians
Mayors of places in Hauts-de-France
Deputies of the 12th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
Deputies of the 13th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
Deputies of the 14th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
Deputies of the 15th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
Union of Democrats and Independents politicians |
20473797 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franck%20Gilard | Franck Gilard | Franck Gilard (born November 1, 1950 in Riaillé, Loire-Atlantique) was a member of the National Assembly of France from 2002 to 2017, representing the 5th constituency of the Eure department, as a member of the Union for a Popular Movement.
He also belonged to the Club de l'horloge.
References
Carrefour de l'horloge people
1950 births
Living people
People from Loire-Atlantique
Union for a Popular Movement politicians
The Popular Right
Deputies of the 12th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
Deputies of the 13th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
Deputies of the 14th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic |
20473818 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chivicura | Chivicura | Chivicura was a fort erected in 1593 by the Royal Governor of Chile, Martín García Oñez de Loyola on the south bank of the Biobío River, to the west of the confluence of the Rele River with the Bio Bio, in what is now the commune of Santa Juana, Chile. It was in communication with the fort Jesus de Huenuraquí across the river securing the communications of the city of Santa Cruz de Coya in Catirai. Both forts and the city were destroyed by the Moluche in 1599. The name Chivicura means light stone, from chiv or shyv, light and from cura, stone.
See also
La Frontera (geographical region)
References
Buildings and structures in Biobío Region
Populated places established in 1593
Colonial fortifications in Chile
Fortifications in Chile |
44500332 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan%20Pablo%20Su%C3%A1rez%20%28journalist%29 | Juan Pablo Suárez (journalist) | Juan Pablo Suárez is an Argentinian journalist who is the editor of the news website Última Hora.
His wife, Sandra Wede, is the owner of Ultima Hora. He was arrested while covering a public protest on 9 December 2013 and charged with sedition under an anti-terrorism law.
Suárez was 45 years old at the time of the arrest.
Career
He began working in 2007 for Última Hora, which is based in the city of Santiago del Estero, the capital of the province of the same name.
Arrest and detention
At shortly after 9 p.m. on the night of 9 December 2013, Suárez, who was at the newspaper's offices, became aware that a protest for higher wages for police officers was taking place in Leopoldo Lugones Square. There were no reporters available at the offices at that hour to cover the story, so Suárez took a microphone and went out into the streets with a cameraman. They filmed the arrest and the aggressive police treatment of a protesting police officer, Norberto Villagrán, who was taken into custody in the presence of his wife and their daughters, aged 8 and 11.
According to Perfil, policemen were protesting across the country for higher salaries on that day, but Villagran was the only police officer who decided to demonstrate in the city of Santiago del Estero. Sandra Wede later said that Villagrán had been peacefully protesting when he was “attacked” by a group of policemen who arrested him and pushed him into a police car. Villagrán had reportedly spent a week in prison the previous year for saying that there were irregularities in police funds.
After filming Villagrán's arrest, Suárez returned directly to the offices of Última Hora, where he posted a video of the arrest on the newspaper's website. Only minutes later, at about 10 p.m., approximately 30 police officers wearing hoods entered the newspaper's offices and handled him brutally. They took him into custody without having any arrest warrant or detention order, although they told him they had oral permission from Judge Rosa Falco to arrest him. He did not resist arrest.
The police seized two computers and a cell phone. “They did not respect the chain of custody of seized items,” Suárez later maintained. “They took my notebook, a CPU and a cellphone with all my sources," Suárez said, accusing them of “violating professional confidentiality.” Wede later said that Falco had ordered her to hand over the video taken by Suárez in the square. Falco had also told Wede that she had the right to verbally authorise a raid and that she did not want the video of Villagrán to be used politically.
Última Hora condemned the arrest and detention of Suárez and stated “that the real reason behind the raid and the arrest is to cover up violent police behaviour.” Víctor Daniel Nazar, Suárez's lawyer, called the accusation against his client “extremely grave....In all my years in this profession I have never seen such a serious violation of legal rights.”
On 18 December 2013, the Committee to Protect Journalists called on Argentinian authorities to immediately release Suárez, who at that point had been detained for over a week. “It is ludicrous that a journalist be accused of sedition and spend nine days in jail solely for filming a protest and arrest,” said Carlos Lauría, CPJ's senior Americas program coordinator. “We urge Argentine authorities to drop the absurd accusations against Juan Pablo Suárez and release him immediately.” Gabriel Levinas, a reporter with Radio Mitre and editor of the news website Plazademayo, told CPJ that he had seen Suárez's file and that there was no evidence to support allegations of sedition.
Suárez was held in custody for ten days. It was reported on 19 December that Suárez had been released. Wede went to Buenos Aires to try to get national coverage for the case. She met with the head of the LED Foundation, Silvana Giudici, and with opposition representatives. The Argentinian Journalists Forum (FOPEA) expressed concern about the “legal technical framework” employed by the judge. The Association of Argentinian Journalism Entities (ADEPA) also expressed “deep concern” about the case. On 19 December, opposition MPs gathered to demand free-speech guarantees. Judge Falco called Suárez in for questioning but later declined jurisdiction and sent the case to the federal courts.
He was released, but on 13 May 2014 faced federal Judge Guillermo Molinari and prosecutor Pedro Simón, the latter of whom called for him to be tried for sedition under the anti-terrorism act, a crime for which he could be imprisoned for 12 years. Other charges included “inciting collective violence” and “terrorizing the population.” La Nación compared the “labyrinthine judicial process” to which he was subjected to the trial of Joseph K. in Kafka's The Trial.
On 14 May 2014, Reporters Without Borders condemned the charges against Suárez. “We call for the immediate withdrawal of these absurd charges against Suárez,” said Camille Soulier, the head of the ROB Americas desk. “How can filming an arrest be construed as a terrorist activity? By using the anti-terrorism law against a journalist for the first time, the Santiago del Estero authorities are sending a clear message that they will tolerate no criticism.” Suárez's lawyer, Víctor Nazar, told Reporters Without Borders: “There are no legal grounds for the sedition charge and still less for applying the anti-terrorism law because the only thing Suárez did was cover a protest for more pay. The reasons are political. He is the only journalist who firmly criticizes the government’s policies and the only one to cover all the pay demands.”
On 20 May 2014, Suárez met with members of the national legislature at an open hearing about his case. At the meeting, Suárez said “I do not believe in justice.” He noted that the prosecutor in his case, Simón, was allegedly guilty of an “illegal land grab.” He said it was better to go to jail “than to live on your knees.” Deputy Omar Duclós stated that it was undemocratic to persecute journalist in this way. “We are facing a clear attack on the freedom of expression of a media worker performing his duties by an ally of the Kirchner provincial government.” Deputy Laura Alonso said that the parliamentary Committee on Freedom of Expression had traditionally defended journalists in such situations, but that this was no longer the case because such committees had been “captured” and were now “owned.”
At the meeting with national legislators, Suárez said of the charges against him: “This is not a message for me, but for all of independent journalism.” He maintained that his arrest and prosecution were connected to the fact that he had questioned the conduct of the provincial governor Zamora and Zamora's wife, Claudia Ledesma Abdala, provisional president of the Senate. Suárez described the news media in Santiago del Estero as being divided between those who fear the government and those that have deals with the government. He was detained with five criminals in a cell barely more than one square meter in size. He was in detention for ten days, during which was hospitalized for dehydration after beginning a hunger strike to protest his treatment.
On 23 May, Guillermo Molinari stated he would prosecute Suárez not for terrorism and sedition but for incitement to commit a crime. According to one report, Molinari “decided to keep this accusation based on evidence allegedly found in the mobile phones of Suárez and Nelson Villagrán.” Molinari officially ruled on 28 May that Suárez and Villagran should be prosecuted for inciting violence, but he dismissed the request of prosecutor Pedro Simón that they be tied for sedition under the Terrorism Act.
References
Argentine journalists
Male journalists
1960s births
Living people |
20473822 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franck%20Marlin | Franck Marlin | Franck Marlin (born September 30, 1964) was a Member of Parliament of the National Assembly of France. He represented the 2nd constituency of the Essonne département,
Marlin was born in Orléans, Loiret, and is a member of the Republicans.
On February 5, 2020, the newspaper Mediapart revealed "a mafia system" set up in the city of Étampes during Franck Marlin's term as mayor, and still active after his election as deputy. In 2021, the public prosecutor's office in Evry opened an investigation "for misappropriation of public funds, infringement of the freedom of access to a public contract, breach of trust and forgery". A search warrant was conducted on February 18, 2022 at the Etampes town hall.
References
1964 births
Living people
People from Orléans
Radical Party (France) politicians
Union for a Popular Movement politicians
The Republicans (France) politicians
Deputies of the 12th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
Deputies of the 13th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
Deputies of the 14th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
Deputies of the 15th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic |
6903930 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayanami-class%20destroyer | Ayanami-class destroyer | The Ayanami class was a destroyer class built for the Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force (JMSDF) in the late 1950s. The primary purpose was anti-submarine warfare, so this class was classified as "DDK" (hunter-killer anti-submarine destroyer) unofficially.
Design
This class adopted a "long forecastle" design with inclined afterdeck called "Holland Slope", named after the scenic sloping street in Nagasaki City. Their steam turbine propulsion systems were similar to the ones of the , but they varied between each ship in the class as part of the JMSDF's attempt to find the best propulsion system for its future surface combatants.
The Ayanami class were the first JMSDF vessels equipped with six 3-inch/50 caliber Mark 22 guns with Mark 33 dual mounts and Mark 32 lightweight torpedoes with two Mark 2 over-the-side launchers. 3-inch guns were controlled by two Mark 63 GFCSs.
All seven vessels names had previously been borne by ships of the World War II-era and classes.
Notes
References
Destroyer classes |
20473830 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Claude%20Scraire | Jean-Claude Scraire | Jean-Claude Scraire (born 1946) is a Québécois lawyer, separatist, nationalist and former Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer of the Caisse de dépôt et placement du Québec (CDP). Since his dismissal in 2002, he has been working as a consultant on matters of development with various organizations and enterprises in Asia, Europe, and Quebec.
Biography
Jean-Claude Scraire ardent separatist advocating for the separation of Quebec from Canada was born in Montreal, Quebec in 1946. He worked with the Caisse de dépôt et placement du Québec (CDP) for 22 years, where he held the positions of Legal Counsel; Legal Affairs Director; Executive Vice-President, Legal and Institutional Affairs and Real Estate Investments; and Chief Operations Officer. He was appointed Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer in 1995.
A member of the Barreau du Québec, he began his career as an attorney for a private firm specializing in commercial law. From 1974 to 1981, he held various management positions within the nationalist separatist Parti Quebecois administration, most notably at the ministère de la Justice.
He has served as Chairman of the Board of Directors of the Fondation de l’entrepreneurship; Governor of the Regroupement des jeunes gens d’affaires; Governor of the Fondation du maire de Montréal pour la jeunesse. He is also a past member of the Association des gens d’affaires des Premiers Peuples; the Montreal Council on Foreign relations; the Cercle des présidents du Québec; the Association d’affaires Canada-Égypte; and the Quebec-Japan Business Forum, as well as of various chambers of commerce including the Board of Trade of Metropolitan Montreal, the Chambre de commerce du Québec, the Chambre de commerce française du Canada, and the Italian Chamber of Commerce in Canada.
He is the recipient of several awards including the Ordre du mérite from the Association des diplômés de l’Université de Montréal; the Award of Merit from B'nai Brith Canada; the Prix Dimensions from the Ordre des administrateurs du Québec, of which he was a member; the Prix Hommage Équinoxe from the Société des relationnistes du Québec; and the Jerusalem 3000 Medallion from the Montreal Jewish community. The development of the Quartier international de Montréal to which he actively participated—and of which the Centre CDP Capital is a major element, was the object of professional and public acknowledgment and recognition on numerous occasions.
In May 2002, after seven years at the helm of the CDP, he released his recommendations regarding the governance of the Caisse de dépôt et placement du Québec: Modernizing to ensure a stronger future.
He climbed Mount Kilimanjaro in February 2006; Le monde juridique, Vol. 16, No. 3 (Spring 2006).
References
1946 births
Lawyers from Montreal
Living people |
44500338 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Against%20All | Against All | Against All () is a 1956 Czechoslovak historical drama film directed by Otakar Vávra. It is based on the novel Proti všem by Alois Jirásek. The film's budget was 25 million KČs which made it the most expensive Czech film of the time.
Cast
Zdeněk Štěpánek as Jan Žižka z Trocnova
Gustav Hilmar as Ctibor z Hvozdna
Vlasta Matulová as Zdena
as Provost
Jan Pivec as Zikmund Lucemburský
as Jan Bydlinsky
Václav Voska as
Jana Rybářová as Marta
Petr Hanicinec as Ondrej z Hvozdna
Stanislav Neumann as Sakristian
Jaroslav Vojta as Simon
as Oldrich Rozmberk
as
František Horák as Jan Želivský
Josef Kotapiš as Pippo Spano
Rudolf Hrušínský as Christian of Prachatice
References
External links
1956 films
1956 drama films
1950s historical drama films
Czechoslovak films
1950s Czech-language films
Czech films
Czech historical drama films
Czech sequel films
Films directed by Otakar Vávra
Films about Hussite Wars
Films based on works by Alois Jirásek
Biographical films about military leaders
Cultural depictions of Jan Žižka |
6903933 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kliros | Kliros | The kliros (Greek: κλῆρος klēros, plural κλῆροι klēroi; Slavonic: клиросъ, "kliros" or sometimes крилосъ, "krilos") is the section of an Eastern Orthodox or Eastern Catholic church dedicated to the choir. It refers both to the general space in which chanters or singers assemble for the services, as well as to the actual music stand or shelves on which music is stored and read.
Overview
The name derives from the Greek word for "lot", since originally those who read and sang were chosen by lot.
Historically, in cathedrals, monasteries and larger establishments such as chapels belonging to seminaries and major parishes, there would have been kliroi on both right and left sides of the church. The result is two choirs which sing antiphonally, much as monastic and cathedral choirs of the Western Churches still have today. This was the practice in the Byzantine Imperial Cathedral of Hagia Sophia, in Constantinople, whose historical liturgical practice became the standard for all churches following the Byzantine liturgical tradition.
This arrangement presupposes a number of singers on each side, adding up to a reasonably large total, and two highly trained chanters skilled in leading the services. Unfortunately, highly trained chanters are exceedingly rare today, and most churches have only the one kliros, often to the right of the iconostasis. Nevertheless, some patriarchal cathedrals, larger monastic communities, seminaries, and places with sufficient resources and singers, may continue to have two kliroi.
The Russian Orthodox Church will often have, in addition to a kliros by the iconostasis, a choir loft above the great doors of the west entrance of the church.
In churches of the Greek and some parts of the Russian tradition, chanters and men who sing at the kliros will often wear a black riassa (outer-cassock). In the Armenian tradition, both men and women of the choir at the kliros will wear a stikharion (robe made out of fine material).
References
External links
Kliros - Russian Orthodox free archive of church singing materials
Клирос в интерьере русского храма в XVII—XVIII веках
Church architecture
Eastern Christian liturgical objects |
20473833 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franck%20Reynier | Franck Reynier | Franck Reynier (born 20 October 1965 in Montélimar, Drôme) was a member of the National Assembly of France. He represented Drôme's 2nd constituency, and has been the vice president of the Radical Party since 2007.
He lost his seat to Alice Thourot of En Marche in the 2017 French legislative election.
References
1965 births
Living people
People from Montélimar
Radical Party (France) politicians
Union for a Popular Movement politicians
Deputies of the 13th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
Deputies of the 14th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
Union of Democrats and Independents politicians
21st-century French politicians |
44500341 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guillermina%20L%C3%B3pez%20Balbuena | Guillermina López Balbuena | Guillermina López Balbuena (born 25 June 1973) is a Mexican politician from the Institutional Revolutionary Party. From 2007 to 2009 she served as Deputy of the LX Legislature of the Mexican Congress representing Puebla.
References
1973 births
Living people
Politicians from Puebla
Women members of the Chamber of Deputies (Mexico)
Members of the Chamber of Deputies (Mexico)
Institutional Revolutionary Party politicians
21st-century Mexican politicians
21st-century Mexican women politicians |
6903943 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deoxyguanosine%20triphosphate | Deoxyguanosine triphosphate | Deoxyguanosine triphosphate (dGTP) is a nucleoside triphosphate, and a nucleotide precursor used in cells for DNA synthesis. The substance is used in the polymerase chain reaction technique, in sequencing, and in cloning. It is also the competitor of inhibition onset by acyclovir in the treatment of HSV virus.
References
Nucleotides
Phosphate esters |
44500346 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle%20of%20Baghdad%20International%20Airport | Battle of Baghdad International Airport | The Battle of Baghdad International Airport was a battle fought primarily between US Army truck drivers, Air Defense Artillery, Armor, Military Police, Engineers and miscellaneous logistics personnel and al Sadr's Mahdi Army on Easter Sunday, April 11, 2004, along the Southwest side of the Baghdad International Airport wall commonly referred to as Engineer Village. That section of Baghdad International Airport was home to numerous Engineer units, in particular the 389th Combat Engineers, a chow hall, and a convoy marshaling area.
History
On April 5, 2004, the radical young cleric Muqtada al Sadr called for a jihad against coalition forces and wanted to gain control of Al Kut, An Najaf and Sadr City. This led to widespread fighting throughout the Sunni Triangle. With his militia outmatched by the M1 Abrams tanks of the 1st Cavalry Division, they knew that the Abrams tanks were dependent on resupply trucks. On Thursday night, April 8, the militia dropped eight bridges and overpasses around Convoy Support Center Scania thus halting all northbound traffic into the Sunni Triangle.
The coalition forces was forced to survive on the few days of supply they had on hand in Iraq. That same evening, 2LT James L. McCormick's Humvee gun truck, Zebra, fought off an enemy ambush at the turn into BIAP for about 20 minutes with him and SPC Brandon Lawson was seriously wounded. After medical treatment, both returned to their convoy. The next day, Good Friday and the anniversary of the fall of Baghdad, the Iraqis ambushed every convoy that tried to enter or leave Baghdad International Airport including the ambush of the 724th Transportation Company. The next day all roads were coded black meaning that any convoy expected imminent attack. With no more convoys venturing out, the militia decided to attack the trucks where they parked.
By Easter Sunday, April 11, several hundred trucks parked behind the southwest wall of BIAP defended by the C Battery, 4-5 Air Defense Artillery. By then the 1st Cavalry Division was 48 hours from mission failure and required emergency resupply of fuel and ammunition. A fuel convoy of the 706th Transportation Company ventured out of BIAP and was ambushed. Around lunch the Madhi Militia launched an attack near the south gate at BIAP. The attack began with suppressive fire on the guard tower closest to the gate while three sappers approached the wall just as the Zebra happened to be passing by. 2LT McCormick ordered his driver, CPL Bryan Noble, to drive on the ramp in time to engage the three sappers.
The five crew members then held off the rest of the Iraqi militants at the irrigation ditch 50 meters away for the next five to ten minutes while about a dozen more truck drivers came running to their assistance. For approximately 45 minutes, the enemy concentrated their attack on the section of wall occupied by the Zebra, and a handful of truck drivers fought back against intense small arms fire and repeated volleys of rocket propelled grenades. The M6 Linebacker outside the gate to their left and truck drivers crowded around a Humvee on the dirt ramp a hundred meters to their right provided flanking fire. Military police Soldiers of the 501st Military Police Company 1st Armored Division joined the truck drivers on the other ramp. Intermittent breaks in .50 Caliber M2HB fire mounted on a Humvee on the ramp to the right were halted to allow SGT Bryant, a 1AD 501st MP Sergeant, to fire three consecutive AT-4 rounds into the enemy location. Later four Humvees of F Battery, 202nd Air Defense Artillery returned to the gate and added their flanking fire to the fight. Late in the battle, a HET convoy hauling tanks from the 1st Armored Division arrived at the gate and a colonel climbed up in the guard tower.
He instructed McCormick to back the Zebra off the ramp and bring up SGT Christopher M. Lehman's Humvee gun truck with a Mk 19 grenade launcher because McCormick's M2 Browning .50 caliber machinegun could not hit the enemy mortar position. Finally, CPT Peter Glass’ C Troop, 3-8 Cavalry arrived and replaced the gun trucks on the ramps with his M-1 Abrams tanks which ended the enemy resistance after 45 minutes of fighting.
Aftermath
Thirty minutes after having defeated the enemy attack, the crew of the Zebra fought through three more ambushes to escort convoys with critical ammunition to the Green Zone for the 1st Cavalry Division. All but one of the five crew members was wounded that weekend, but all remained with their gun truck. With other emergency convoys of fuel and ammunition, the 1st Cavalry Division was able to beat back the al Sadr April Uprising.
Twelve Bronze Star Medals and four Army Commendation Medals were awarded to truck drivers for this battle. McCormick was finally awarded the Silver Star Medal in 2014 for his role in this battle and the three convoy ambushes immediately after it. The battle ranks as one of the great feats of heroism of the US Army Transportation Corps.
References
Further reading
Convoy Ambush Case Studies Vol. II, Iraq and Afghanistan Richard E. Killblane, US Army Transportation School, 2015
External links
Video: Attack at BIAP, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=noi12Ji8nu8
Video: BIAP Warrior Ethos, https://web.archive.org/web/20141206193701/http://www.yourepeat.com/watch/?v=N-4RQAzIPF0
Video: BIAP 2004 Easter, https://web.archive.org/web/20141201220836/http://www.yourepeat.com/watch/?v=uHiZUSNLpUo
BIAP 2004
BIAP 2004
2000s in Baghdad
BIAP 2004
2004 in Iraq
April 2004 events in Iraq |
23575978 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Channel%20drift | Channel drift | Channel drift or network decay is the gradual shift of a television network away from its original programming, to either target a newer and more profitable audience, or to broaden its viewership by including less niche programming. Often, this results in a shift from informative or artistic quality programming aimed at cultured and educated viewers toward sensational, ratings-based or reality-formatted programming designed solely for the entertainment of a mass audience. Channel drift frequently features the incorporation of infotainment, reality television and heavy advertising into the channel's lineup.
Overview
United States
Cable
Networks primarily focused on a particular topic, such as History Channel, tend to add shows that the channel's management feel that a larger audience wants to see, thus leading to additional profits. By producing irrelevant or low-quality programming they can increase their ratings to a target audience, increase viewership and increase revenues. The degree of channel drift can vary: some of the nonconforming programming may retain some degree of association with the channel's original purpose (such as in the case of the History Channel, Pawn Stars, American Pickers, and Top Shot), while other programming may have no association whatsoever (such as Ax Men and Ice Road Truckers).
Channel drift can also result from the acquisition of sports rights or reruns of popular television series that would otherwise not fit the channel's format; Outdoor Life Network, for instance, acquired the rights to the National Hockey League in 2005, so the network began transitioning toward a general sports network known today as NBCSN. Conversely, WGN America abandoned its expensive sports packages in 2014 as part of its drift from a Chicago-centric superstation into a nationally oriented general entertainment channel; WGN America eventually started a gradual transition away from entertainment programming, structured as such due to contractual commitments to existing syndicated programming, to adopt a cable news format as NewsNation in March 2021.
A channel may rebrand itself to more accurately reflect its new content. Sci-Fi Channel changed its name to Syfy for both trademark reasons and to allow a stretching of the network's definition of appropriate programming to include content such as Law & Order: Special Victims Unit reruns and WWE professional wrestling. (WWE moved to USA Network in 2016.) Another example is the conversion of Court TV to truTV, which allowed it to show more reality-based programming (though initially retaining a law enforcement focus, such as repeats of World's Wildest Police Videos) and slowly phase out their advertiser-repelling legal system and courtroom programming. This process ended in October 2009 when the remaining courtroom analysis programs transitioned to CNN.com's legal news section and occasional court coverage from CNN Center on the mainline channel. TruTV then aired competitions, hidden camera prank shows, and even the first three rounds of the NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Tournament. TruTV was further reformatted to a more conventional reality network with a strong emphasis on comedy on 27 October 2014, and then to comedy programming full-time in 2016 with the addition of scripted programming. Court TV would be revived as a digital subchannel network in 2019. Other examples include the drifting of The Learning Channel, which has officially renamed itself under the three-letter orphan initialism "TLC" since its transition to primarily reality television series, and that of most of the MTV Networks.
MTV Networks were a pioneer in channel drift. Music Television (as MTV was originally known) was originally a channel devoted to popular music videos upon its launch in August 1981, but began adding entertainment and reality programs geared toward a young adult audience in the 1990s, beginning a progression toward its current focus of reality and scripted programming. The music videos on the main channel were eventually limited to overnight and morning time periods, and were eventually pushed to spinoff networks MTV2, then to MTV Hits. MTV2 itself would gradually drift from an all-music video format to include reruns of MTV programs, original series, and acquired off-network sitcoms; MTV Hits would later be discontinued in favor of NickMusic.
Video Hits One likewise began as an outlet for adult contemporary music before transitioning to an urban pop culture channel as VH1; Country Music Television drifted to southern culture and general rerun programming as CMT; and The Nashville Network, perhaps the most dramatic, drifted to general entertainment format as The National Network and then to a heavily male-oriented program lineup known as Spike, only to drift back toward general entertainment in 2015 and become the Paramount Network in 2018, which is slated to become Paramount Movie Network in 2021.
While Nickelodeon has largely remained a children's-oriented channel throughout its history, its late-night Nick at Nite programming block (which for Nielsen ratings purposes is a separate channel from Nickelodeon) has drifted greatly from airing classic television (first from the Golden Age of Television, later expanding to shows from the 1960s and 1970s), to more recent shows still airing in local syndication, to its current focus on adolescent and young adult audiences similar to that of ABC Family (now Freeform). Nick at Nite launched TV Land as a spin-off channel due to its increased focus on more recent programming (as well as the elimination of non-sitcom programming on Nick at Nite), only for TV Land itself to eventually shift to more recent programming and even original programming. In recent years, networks such as Cozi TV and MeTV have emerged to fill this gap with their programming being primarily 1950s–1960s television shows; even those networks have left older content to early hours in their broadcast day for more recent content. Retro Television Network is the most prominent network still focused on 1950s and 1960s television shows.
Nickelodeon's cable channel Nicktoons is another example of channel drift, though in that channel's particular case, it has never had a particularly strong focus on anything other than being an overflow channel for Nickelodeon. In 2014, Nicktoons added sports content to its lineup to little viewer interest, but the block continues as three of the programs (NFL Rush Zone, WWE Slam City and Wild Grinders) were produced by sports leagues or to promote Viacom personalities on other networks (for Wild Grinders, MTV host Rob Dyrdek). Recently, Nicktoons' schedule has begun to feature live-action sitcoms on a cyclical basis, depending on the current output and success of Nickelodeon's animated series.
Channel drift can also result from a network's parent company purchasing a competing channel and drifting one or both channels' formats to avoid overlapping. The aforementioned TNN was one example of this, as its Southern culture programming overlapped extensively with CMT's. ABC Family was also an example as The Walt Disney Company's 2001 purchase of the channel from News Corporation dramatically reduced its carriage of children's programming in order to avoid redundancy with Disney Channel. Destination America, a channel prone to frequent format changes over the course of its history, began as a network targeting rural middle America; parent company Discovery Communications' purchase of the former Scripps cable networks brought it under the same corporate umbrella as Great American Country, and thus Destination America began adding professional wrestling (briefly) and paranormal ghost-hunting programs to its schedule. Both GAC and Destination America were candidates to be reformatted entirely in 2019 to make way for the Magnolia Network, which is now expected to replace DIY Network when it launches in 2021.
Another case of channel drift is HLN, which started as CNN2. Its format originally consisted of rolling half-hour newscasts that were updated periodically throughout the day; one year after its launch, the channel changed its name to CNN Headline News to better reflect the rolling news format. By 2005, its programming began to include hour-long specialty and discussion-based news programs similar to those found on the main CNN channel (such as Showbiz Tonight, Nancy Grace and Issues with Jane Velez-Mitchell) and by 2013, it had ceased its scaled back rolling news coverage further – relegating it to morning and early afternoon timeslots – and shifted toward crime mysteries and docudramas, showing programs such as Forensic Files.
Broadcast
One of the earliest examples of channel drift, and one that predates modern cable television, was programming changes by CBS. During the late 1960s, CBS had a reputation as a network with a disproportionate number of shows that targeted rural and older viewers, seen by advertisers as undesirable due to ingrained buying habits on the one hand and a greater perception of poverty on the other. Beginning in 1970, incoming network vice president Fred Silverman orchestrated the "rural purge," in which these shows would be canceled in favor of shows targeting younger, suburban viewers with more disposable income.
Another example of channel drift is the case of the Fox Broadcasting Company. Throughout its early existence, and even after its ascent to major network status, Fox had a reputation for lowbrow, alternative programming and knockoffs of other networks' hit shows, both aimed at a very young demographic. Beginning with the major success of American Idol in the early 2000s, Fox drifted away somewhat from this reputation; its dramas and sitcoms became more conventional, on the level of the historic Big Three television networks, and it put less emphasis on reality programs later that decade.
One less obvious, but nonetheless true, example of the phenomenon has occurred since the 1980s in American public television. From the origins of the medium in the late 1950s, stations, who were then affiliated with National Educational Television, the precursor to the current PBS, served two specific audiences: first, they provided, on weekdays, instructional programming for children used in school classrooms, to supplement traditional curricula; second, they served adults (on evenings and weekends) by scheduling shows that were alternatives to the fare available on commercial broadcasting, such as theatrical plays, classical music concerts, literary dramas, and serious public affairs initiatives like investigative reporting and civil discussion of political matters, things that had been mostly abandoned by the commercial networks with the end of the Golden Age of Television in and around 1960. Beginning with the Public Broadcasting Act of 1967, the Federal government, along with those of most U.S. states, invested in production and distribution of such programming via NET/PBS and the construction of a large number of new stations. The political climate of the time was decidedly liberal and thus supportive of generous governmental funding of the medium, which developed its institutions accordingly.
However, the 1970s saw a political turn rightward, increasingly suspicious of Federal programs especially, and originally-anticipated steady increases in public taxpayer support did not materialize, leaving the new PBS and its stations with significant monetary gaps that had to be filled by other sources. "Pledge drives," at least an annual occurrence on stations, emerged in the mid-1970s to address cutbacks from the Corporation for Public Broadcasting that occurred due to political changes and the economic recessions of that period; members of the general public would donate money to the station in exchange for certain privileges. Also, stations and program producers began to cultivate so-called "underwriting" (a modified form of advertising that did not interrupt shows in progress) from businesses, particularly large corporations who were then motivated by a sense of noblesse oblige to their communities and the country at large (in later years, these grants would become more targeted toward certain genres, raising suspicions by critics that they constituted de facto commercial advertising). This generated another large source of revenue. Some stations went so far as to stage week-long "auctions" of merchandise or services donated by retailers and other businesses, to which viewers would place "bids," from which the winner would receive the item or service in exchange for a donation to the station; these were quite successful in many markets from the 1970s through the 2000s.
In order to attract audiences who would donate to stations, which, in turn, purchased programming from other stations and producers in the PBS system, program managers felt increasingly that it was necessary to reduce the proportion of cultural and informational shows on the adult schedule, in order to appeal to a wider audience than a small, highly educated cohort. This especially became the case during pledge drives, which were imagined to be times when non-regular viewers could be appealed to with special programming. With the aging (and eventual death) of audiences who were the most enthusiastic for more serious (and heretofore customary) fare, it was felt that younger viewers with more disposable income would be more interested in programs akin to those they were accustomed to on commercial television rather than formats such as classical dramas (a number of them imports from the British Broadcasting Corporation) and documentaries on sometimes arcane subjects. This led to the introduction of things like lifestyle-oriented shows featuring hobbies like gardening, cooking, and home repair; specialty or niche informational programs like the Nightly Business Report and The Charlie Rose Show; reruns of certain former commercial TV shows (e.g., The Lawrence Welk Show, National Geographic specials); and British-import situation comedies (a la Are You Being Served?, Monty Python's Flying Circus). This amounted to exchanging what is termed as "high-brow" material for a more "middle-brow" approach to programming, while avoiding conspicuously mass-appeal formats such as adult-oriented game shows, action-oriented crime dramas, sensationalistic news magazines, and celebrity-driven talk shows. By the 1990s and 2000s, pledge drives became mainly reliant on fare such as TJ Lubinsky's nostalgic music specials (which themselves focus on oldies and adult standards music largely abandoned by commercial outlets) and self-help seminars of often questionable integrity (the latter were in fact not officially sanctioned by PBS and even rebuked by the network's ombudsman). Despite the stated aims to appeal to a non-elderly audience, PBS could not keep up, it seemed to many, with rapid developments in cable television, which began offering alternatives to viewers that were generally more sensationalistic and visually compelling than the staid, restrained traditions of the public medium. Some of those new networks in fact began aping the "how-to" and lifestyle formats that originally became popular via PBS (e.g., HGTV, Food Network). That competition, in turn, began to influence programmers to even further diminish or outright remove any shows considered "stuffy" or slow-paced, which eliminated several long-running staples of the network (e.g., Firing Line [original version], Wall Street Week).
At about the same time, development in technologies such as video cassette recorders enabled schoolteachers to bypass the need to schedule their classes around broadcasts of instructional material; typically, either school support staff would record the shows or teachers would do so themselves by using their VCRs' overnight silent-record function (some stations accommodated the latter practice by using what would otherwise be "dead air" time). Some PBS stations, in fact, took advantage of the changes to directly provide educational programs to schools without using airtime at all, something that accelerated with the emergence of video on demand via the internet in the 2000s. That created a void in the daytime hours that PBS executives decided to fill with a new generation of children's programming, aimed at preschoolers. To supplement beloved historic programs such as Sesame Street and Reading Rainbow, the network and leading stations developed several animated series with an educational and/or ethical emphasis. Part of that was also occasioned by the fact that commercial stations and networks were canceling children's cartoons, many of which were considered of dubious quality in any case, due to changing viewing habits and the FCC mandate, imposed in 1996, that required broadcast stations (of any kind) to include at least three hours per week of informational and educational programs for young people.
Therefore, with the original mission of public television having drastically changed in both its dimensions since its 1950s origins due to technological, political, and cultural shifts, channel drift became quite endemic to PBS and its affiliates. As such, this occurrence has left voids for adult viewers that have been filled mainly by two sources. First, the main fine arts source for television is the cable-and-satellite-distributed Classic Arts Showcase, which is funded entirely by an endowment from the estate of its founder and is not dependent whatsoever on private donations or government funding, unlike the PBS system. Second, serious, civil public affairs programming is frequently found on the C-SPAN networks, non-profit public services provided by cable companies and paid for by a portion of each customer's monthly bill. This supplements PBS news programming such as the PBS Newshour and Washington Week, two of the remaining public affairs programs on the national schedule.
Counterexamples
Channel drift is not always successful, and can often lead to backlash. The Weather Channel (TWC), for instance, faced criticism for its attempts to add entertainment programming to its schedule (which had historically focused primarily on weather news and information), culminating in the controversial introduction of a Friday-night movie block featuring films with some relation to weather as a plot point (such as The Perfect Storm). Citing the network's carriage fees and drift towards entertainment content, Dish Network dropped TWC and replaced it with WeatherNation's The Weather Cast on 21 May 2010, only to reach a deal to carry TWC again three days later. In January 2014, TWC faced a similar carriage dispute with DirecTV, who dropped the channel by citing its carriage fees, and complaints from viewers over the amount of reality programming it had carried. DirecTV added a competing channel, WeatherNation TV, as an alternative. TWC reached a new carriage agreement with DirecTV on 8 April 2014, with the network agreeing to reduce the amount of reality programming it carries on weekdays.
The former Family Channel is one of the few known instances in which the amount of channel drift allowed was limited to some degree. Launching as religious network CBN Satellite Service (a cable extension of televangelist Pat Robertson's Christian Broadcasting Network) in 1977, it later incorporated family-oriented secular programs by 1984, which became the channel's dominant form of programming for nearly two decades. In 1990, CBN agreed to sell the network to International Family Entertainment, but with strings attached: it is required to air CBN's flagship program The 700 Club twice each weekday as well as a day-long CBN telethon each January in perpetuity as part of a long-term time-buy. Following its sale to News Corporation, CBN made another long-term time-buy on the station to air a daily half-hour CBN talk show, then known as Living the Life, to the lineup. After The Walt Disney Company acquired the channel from News Corporation in 2001, Disney planned to reformat the channel as "XYZ" (a reverse reference to the American Broadcasting Company's abbreviation) and shift its target to a more hip audience such as college students or young women; possibly to avoid redundancies with the existing family-friendly Disney Channel. To create XYZ, Fox Family would have had to cease to exist — Disney would have had to create XYZ as an entirely new network, and negotiate carriage agreements with pay television providers from scratch (something that, in modern times, is fairly common, but would have been much more disruptive to one of the most widely distributed channels on cable). Nonetheless, under the ABC Family brand, the channel drifted from its strictly family-friendly format under Disney ownership; the channel gradually dropped series aimed at children from its schedule and incorporated programs aimed at young adults featuring profanity, some violence, and some sexual content, alongside its family-oriented series and films, and now airs a standard disclaimer before each broadcast of The 700 Club in which The Walt Disney Company disowns any connection to the show. Disney further denied the "Family" stipulation existed in late 2015 when it announced plans to rename the channel "Freeform" in January 2016. In February 2009, Disney XD was originally launched as a boy-oriented TV channel, with the parent channel's shows aimed mostly at girls aged 13 – 16. Four years later, after the network was found to have a surprisingly high female audience, Disney XD added some programs with female protagonists, such as Kim Possible and Star vs. the Forces of Evil, while maintaining a mostly action-driven format.
In more recent years, networks have started abandoning the idea of channel drift as some of the channels experienced poor results. AMC (originally an outlet for "American Movie Classics") drifted successfully into premium scripted dramas in the late 2000s, such as Mad Men, The Walking Dead and Breaking Bad. However, a further drift into unscripted shows such as 4th and Loud (a docuseries focusing on an Arena Football League team owned by members of the rock band Kiss) and Game of Arms (a reality series following competitive arm wrestlers) were mostly unsuccessful, prompting the network to cancel all but two of the shows (Comic Book Men, a docuseries following a comic book store owned by filmmaker Kevin Smith, and the Walking Dead-related talk show Talking Dead) in favor of focusing more on its core scripted slate.
In the early-2010s, USA Network—which built a niche for lighthearted comedy-dramas through the 2000s—attempted to augment them with original sitcoms (such as Benched and Sirens) to build upon its acquisition of off-network reruns of Modern Family. USA mostly backed away from that approach by 2014, as it prepared a shift away from its previous "blue sky" direction for its drama slate.
Outside the United States
In some countries, cable television channels are subject to the rules and regulations set forth by each country's communications bureau and must be licensed accordingly.
Canada
In Canada, specialty television channels were initially subject to conditions of license requiring them to operate within quotas of specific categories of programs. This system was designed primarily to ensure the integrity of channels that were licensed with the expectation of a specific format, and to prevent undue competition with established channels–a practice referred to as the "genre protection" rules.
For example, the presence of MuchMusic as an established music channel in Canada led to applications of these rules impacting the later launch of MTV-branded channels in Canada; Craig Media's MTV Canada was licensed as a channel featuring entertainment and informal education programming targeting youth and young adults, and could not devote more than 10% of its weekly programming to "music video clips" in order to protect MuchMusic. However, following complaints by its owner CHUM Limited (who also accused Craig of having used the pretense of a youth-based service to contravene the genre protection rule by, ultimately, offering a music-based service), the CRTC ruled that MTV Canada violated this quota due to music video content contained within programs such as Making the Video and MTV Select—even though the program categories distinguish music-related programs and music videos. Contrarily, sister channel MTV2 Canada was able to devote its lineup to music video programming, as it was licensed as part of "Music 5"—a specialty service consisting of channels devoted to specific genres of music.
A second incarnation of MTV Canada launched by CTVglobemedia in 2005 was also restricted in its airing of music content, but this time as the result of drift from its original format as TalkTV.
Outside of North America
The South African Broadcasting Corporation originally had its 3 main channels dedicated to specific ethnic groups and their home languages. SABC 1 primarily broadcasts shows that target the Bantu-speakers, while SABC 2 focused on Afrikaans programming and SABC 3 aimed at the English-speaking South Africans. Anti-apartheid propaganda and prejudice against Afrikaners caused SABC2's Afrikaans programming to be gradually replaced with English despite its high viewership. The lack of Afrikaans programming, along with the launch of DStv's rival Afrikaans-channel KykNET, caused the once-popular SABC2's viewership to decline. The SABC has been met with strong criticism over its treatment of Afrikaans programming on SABC2.
In September 2020, GMA News TV began its gradual transition from its original news format to general entertainment and sports, since the acquisition of rights to NCAA and additional entertainment programs due to the increase of its commercial load. This changes was targeted by mounting viewers' criticism where entertainment programs should be pre-emptied for the news coverage, notably when the Philippines was hit by Typhoon Goni (Rolly) which later re-branded as GTV in February 2021.
Radio format drift
To a certain extent, channel drift can also occur in radio, especially music radio: see, for instance, the transition from oldies to classic hits, beautiful music to smooth jazz, and MOR to adult contemporary. In these cases, channel drift occurs when a format's older music becomes less popular or profitable (often due to the fans of that music dying, retiring, and leaving the area, or aging out of advertising demographics) and newer music is inserted into the playlist to draw younger listeners.
See also
Key demographic
References
Further reading
External links
Top 5 Networks That Have Sold Their Souls
Demographic Downfall: Television Executives Missing the Point
Television terminology
Cable television
Change |
23575984 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neil%20Rollinson | Neil Rollinson | Neil Rollinson (born 1960 West Yorkshire) is a British poet.
Life
He has published four collections of poetry, all Poetry Book Society Recommendations (Jonathan Cape UK). His last collection Talking Dead was shortlisted for the Costa Poetry Award. He has published several pamphlets, the last of which, also titled Talking Dead was shotlisted for the Michael Marks award. He was writer in residence at Wordworth’s Dove Cottage for two years and has since been teaching creative writing at Bath Spa University.
He was 2007 writer-in-residence at Manchester's Centre For New Writing.
He tutors occasionally at the Arvon Centre. and works regularly with mentees on poetry projects.
Awards
1997 First Prize, UK National Poetry Competition
Royal Literary Fund Fellow
2005 Cholmondeley Award
2015 Shortlist: Costa Poetry Prize.
Works
"Constellations"; "Entropy", Nox Oculis
"The Ecstasy of St Saviours Avenue"
chapbook
References
External links
"Author's website"
"Interview: Neil Rollinson", Pomegranate, Issue 5
1960 births
Living people
Alumni of Newcastle University
British poets
People from West Yorkshire
British male poets
Writers from Yorkshire |
20473845 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franck%20Riester | Franck Riester | Franck Riester (born 3 January 1974) is a French politician who has been serving as Minister Delegate for Foreign Trade and Economic Attractiveness in the governments of Prime Ministers Jean Castex and Élisabeth Borne since 2020. A former member of The Republicans, he founded and currently leads the centre-right Agir party.
Riester was a member of the National Assembly for the fifth constituency of Seine-et-Marne from 2007 to 2018 and Minister of Culture in the Second Philippe government from 2018 until his appointment as Minister delegate attached to the Minister for Europe and Foreign Affairs.
Early career
After a stint at accounting firm Arthur Andersen, Riester managed his family's Peugeot car dealership.
Political career
Member of the National Assembly
Riester was a member of the National Assembly from 2007 until 2018. During his time in parliament, he served on the Committee on the Committee on Economic Affairs (2007-2009), the Committee on European Affairs (2009-2011) and the Committee on Cultural Affairs and Education (2009-2018). In his first term from 2007 until 2012, he was the UMP parliamentary group's youngest member. He was also the parliament's rapporteur on the 2009 HADOPI law.
In the 2009 European elections, Riester was the national campaign manager for Nicolas Sarkozy’s UMP party. During Sarkozy’s unsuccessful campaign for the 2012 presidential elections, he served as the party’s head of communications, along with Geoffroy Didier, Valérie Debord, Guillaume Peltier and Salima Saa.
In the Republicans’ 2016 presidential primaries, Riester endorsed Bruno Le Maire as the party's candidate for the office of President of France. When the primaries' winner François Fillon became embroiled in a political affair during his campaign, Riester publicly called on him to step down.
From June 2017, Riester co-chaired UDI and Independents group in the National Assembly, alongside Stéphane Demilly. He was subsequently excluded from the Republicans on October 31, 2017, alongside Gérald Darmanin, Sébastien Lecornu and Thierry Solère. In November 2017, he co-founded a new party, Agir.
Riester was a candidate for mayor of Coulommiers in the 2020 French municipal elections which he won in the first round with more than 50 percent of the vote, but entrusted the role of mayor to Laurence Picard.
Minister of Culture
Riester is appointed Minister of Culture in the government of Prime Minister Édouard Philippe on 16 October 2018. During his time in office, he announced in September 2019 a public broadcasting reform project aimed at creating "France Médias", bringing together France Télévisions, Radio France, France Médias Monde (Radio France Internationale and France 24) and the National Audiovisual Institute (INA). He also merged the Superior Council of the Audiovisual (CSA) and the Supreme Authority for the Distribution and Protection of Intellectual Property on the Internet (HADOPI).
As minister he attempted to prevent the demolition of the Saint-Joseph Chapel of Saint-Paul College in Lille.
Minister Delegate for Foreign Trade and Economic Attractiveness
On July 6, 2020, after the appointment of Jean Castex as Prime Minister, Riester is appointed Minister Delegate for Foreign Trade and Economic Attractiveness, attached to the Minister for Europe and Foreign Affairs, Jean-Yves Le Drian.
Political positions
In January 2013, Riester was one of the two UMP deputies, along with Benoist Apparu, to publicly declare his support and vote for a bill legalizing same-sex marriage in France which had been proposed by the government of Prime Minister Jean-Marc Ayrault.
When director Roman Polanski won best directing for his film An Officer and a Spy at the annual César Awards in 2020, his cast and production team boycotted the ceremony after Riester said the success of a director accused of sexual violence would send the wrong signal in the era of the Me Too movement.
Personal life
Riester came out as gay in 2011, the first French MP to do so.
In March 2020, during the coronavirus pandemic Riester tested positive for COVID-19.
References
1974 births
Living people
Politicians from Paris
Union for a Popular Movement politicians
The Republicans (France) politicians
Modern and Humanist France
Agir (France) politicians
Deputies of the 13th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
Deputies of the 14th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
Deputies of the 15th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
Mayors of places in Île-de-France
Gay politicians
ESSEC Business School alumni
ISG Business School alumni
French people of German descent
Commandeurs of the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres
LGBT legislators in France
LGBT mayors of places in France |
6903944 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20municipalities%20of%20the%20Province%20of%20Teramo | List of municipalities of the Province of Teramo | The following is a list of the 47 municipalities (comuni) of the Province of Teramo, Abruzzo, Italy.
List
See also
List of municipalities of Italy
References
Teramo |
6903953 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New%20Drifters | New Drifters | New Drifters may refer to:
New Drifters, a band headed by Ray Lewis
"New Drifters", the title of four songs by The American Analog Set from their 1999 album The Golden Band
"New Drifters I"
"New Drifters II"
"New Drifters II"
"New Drifters IV" |
23575987 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irondequoit%20Creek | Irondequoit Creek | Irondequoit Creek is a stream in eastern Monroe County, New York that feeds Irondequoit Bay. It begins in rural West Bloomfield in Ontario County, flowing north into the town of Mendon in Monroe County. Accumulating a few small tributaries, it twists eastward back into the Ontario County town of Victor, then back north into Monroe County, where it flows through the towns of Perinton and Penfield on its way to the bay. It also skirts the edge of the combined town and village of East Rochester.
The creek is believed to lie in a valley carved out by a pre-glacial Genesee River, which at the time would have flowed into Lake Ontario where Irondequoit Bay does today. Glacial debris caused the river to be rerouted as the glaciers retreated, leaving only the comparatively small creek (Rogers 1893).
The first settlements in the town of Penfield sprang up along the creek, as its waters were well suited to mills. The Daisy Flour Mill, previously a restaurant, was the last of over a dozen mills that once used the creek's waters.
The creek's valley caused a problem for the engineers of the original Erie Canal, who ultimately had to build the Great Embankment aqueduct to bridge the valley near Bushnell's Basin (Fairchild 1896:134, Farley 2010, Schoff:505).
The creek is stocked annually with fish by the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation for year-round fishing.
References
Rivers of New York (state)
Rivers of Monroe County, New York
Rivers of Ontario County, New York |
20473850 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Port%20of%20Albany%E2%80%93Rensselaer | Port of Albany–Rensselaer | The Port of Albany–Rensselaer, widely known as the Port of Albany, is a port of entry in the United States with facilities on both sides of the Hudson River in Albany and Rensselaer, New York. Private and public port facilities have existed in both cities since the 17th century, with an increase in shipping after the Albany Basin and Erie Canal were built with public funds in 1825.
The port's modern name did not come into widespread use until 1925; the current port was constructed in 1932 under the governorship of Franklin D. Roosevelt during the Great Depression. It included the largest grain elevator in the world at the time. Today the grain elevator is the largest in the United States east of the Mississippi River; the port has the tallest harbor crane in the state of New York.
The port has rail connections with the Albany Port Railroad, which allows for connections with CSXT and CP Rail. It is near several interstates and the New York State Canal System. The port features several tourist attractions as well, such as , the only destroyer escort still afloat in the United States.
Geography
The Port of Albany consists of roughly , including about 202 acres (82 ha) in Albany and 34 acres (14 ha) in Rensselaer. It is north of New York Harbor. From New York Harbor to the Federal Dam three miles (5 km) north of Albany, the Hudson River is an estuary of the Atlantic Ocean. The Hudson has a deep water shipping channel across, and at Albany the river is across with a maximum fresh water draft and a mean range of tides of . The port is at sea level.
History
Since the founding of Albany in 1624 as a trading post, shipping has been important to its growth and prosperity. Furs (especially beaver), timber, and farm produce were important exports while European people and goods were shipped in. The Dongan Charter, which established Albany as a city, made Albany the exclusive market town in the upper Hudson River Valley. From its beginning, the port consisted of hastily built docks built every spring and destroyed every winter by erosion, flooding, ice, and tidal action. Three city-owned docks were established in 1766, the northern and southern ones later being expanded into wharves.
Many historically significant ships used Albany as their home port. Experiment left Albany in 1785 to become the second American ship to sail to China. In 1809 Robert Fulton's Clermont became the first commercially viable steamboat when it left Albany and sailed down the Hudson to the city of New York. In 1825 a long and wide pier was constructed from, and parallel to, Albany's shoreline. Along with two bridges the pier enclosed roughly of the Hudson River as the Albany Basin. The construction of the pier and bridges cost $119,980. The basin was located where the Erie Canal, constructed between 1818 and 1825, met the Hudson River. The basin could accommodate 1,000 canal boats and 50 steamboat moorings. Along the Erie Canal within the city's North Albany neighborhood private wharves and slips were constructed for use in the lumber trade, this soon became the large and prosperous Albany Lumber District of national importance. In 1860 Albany, along with nearby Watervliet and Troy, was the largest lumber market in the state. The Maiden Lane Bridge was constructed in 1871 over the basin to connect Albany with the east side of the river, it was open to railroad traffic only.
The Albany Port District was established in 1925 under New York law Chapter 192. This was only four years after the interstate compact that created the Port of New York Authority (later renamed the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey). In 1932 Governor Franklin D. Roosevelt unveiled a modern port to replace the aging infrastructure of the Albany Basin and the lumber district along the Erie Canal in the North Albany neighborhood. The port was constructed on around on Westerlo Island in the southern end of Albany along with approximately across the river in the city of Rensselaer. The grain elevator at the port, built during the original construction in 1932, was the largest in the world and as of 2008 is still considered to be the largest in the United States east of the Mississippi River.
The area of Albany's original port (the Albany Basin) has been covered by Interstate 787 and the Corning Preserve (Riverfront Park) since the very early 1970s. In 1979 remnants of the basin wall were excavated from the preserve's lagoon by Phillip Lord working for the New York State Museum.
A Master Plan adopted in 2000 called for the port to be transformed into a container port, which led to the purchase of the largest harbor crane in the state. In 2002, the Port District Commission took the lead in the development of Albany's Riverfront Park in the Corning Preserve as part of a development to enhance Albany's access to the river. The port helped in financing the project and in the construction of two bulkheads which have seasonal floating docks attached. In a 2005 audit, the Office of the State Comptroller questioned the port's involvement in the construction and financing. Two issues raised were the port district's lack of authority to build docks for non-commercial use and that the port would receive no income for facilities it was financing. The port received $3.3 million in 2002 to upgrade and become a member of the Inland Distribution Network, a select group of ports that are used as satellite locations for the distribution of container cargo from the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey, resulting in less congestion at downstate ports and highways.
On December 9, 2003, the Dutch-owned ship Stellamare capsized at the port, killing three Russian crewmembers. The ship was hauling General Electric generators when it overturned. The United States Coast Guard determined that poor communication resulting from the supervisors speaking Dutch while the crew spoke Russian, with English being used as a relay, was a contributing factor to mismanagement of ballast tanks. In the early spring of 2008 a port employee was arrested for stealing copper. This in turn led to investigations of employee theft which resulted in the arrest of an operations manager and a maintenance foreman for larceny. In 2008 the port received two awards from the Railway Industrial Clearance Association. One award was for customer satisfaction and the other for being the most improved port in the United States for handling heavy lift cargo.
Future
The Port of Albany is replacing of wharvage at a cost of $7.6 million in 2008 and 2009.
In late March 2008 a proposal for a $350 million ethanol plant was approved by the Albany Port District Commission, but the project has been held up due to financing issues.
The site is scheduled as an offshore wind turbine tower assembly area.
Governance
The Albany Port District Commission is a New York State public-benefit corporation created by the state of New York to develop and manage port facilities anywhere in the cities of Albany and Rensselaer. The commission has five members, four of which are nominated by the mayor of Albany and one is nominated by the mayor of Rensselaer. The governor of New York then appoints them to three-year terms. The commissioners serve without pay, but are compensated for business related expenses. The General Manager of the port commission is Richard J. Hendrick. The commission is considered to be a unit of the city of Albany and is included in the city's financial statements. Any deficit in the finances of the port commission are assessed against both Albany and Rensselaer. In 1932 the state decided that any deficit assessment would be based on Albany owing 88% of the total and Rensselaer 12%. In 2017, the commission had operating expenses in the amount of $5.98 million, no outstanding debt, and a staff level of 55 people. In 2005 the commission had a staff of 35 employees: eight in administrative duties, five in maintenance, and 22 as part-time security.
Economy
The Port of Albany and the private companies located there bring to the Capital District's economy $428 million in direct spending and 1,382 jobs; in 2015 the Port was supporting 4,500 jobs across the state and contributing $800 million to the economic output of the region. The port has a U.S. Customs office as it is a port of entry. The Albany Port Customs District includes all of the following counties: Albany, Columbia, Delaware, Fulton, Greene, Montgomery, Otsego, Rensselaer, Saratoga, Schenectady, Schoharie, Warren, and Washington; along with the parts of Dutchess, Sullivan, and Ulster counties north of 41° 42' N. latitude. The on the Rensselaer side of the port is site C of Foreign Trade Zone number 121. A significant amount of the port is part of New York's Empire Zone program, which gives port tenants breaks on state income tax along with various benefits and tax breaks from the city of Albany.
Connections
The Port of Albany is roughly east of Buffalo, south of Montreal, west of Boston, and north of the city of New York which makes it a location for regional distribution in the Northeastern United States and parts of Canada. As part of the Inland Distribution Network, the Port of Albany has a twice-weekly barge service to and from the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey terminals. Shipments into the port can leave through many modes of transportation, including by truck and rail. Albany International Airport is 15 minutes away with cargo facilities. Canals allow for further water transportation on barges further into the interior of North America. The port also handles commodities that are not carried on ships. Grain, molasses, animal feed, wood pulp, and steel often go from inbound trains to outbound trucks.
Rail
The Albany Port Railroad (APRR), owned jointly by CSX and Canadian Pacific Railway (CP Rail), has of track inside the port. The APRR ties into CP Rail's Colonie Mainline and CSX's Port Subdivision for rail traffic out of the port. Norfolk Southern has an intermodal yard at the port. CP Rail's Kenwood Yard is adjacent to the port. The North Albany–Erie Street Yard, also owned by CP Rail, is a few miles north of the port and still in the city of Albany. CSX owns two nearby yards: the Selkirk Yard is eight miles (13 km) south of the port, and the West Albany Yard is four miles (6 km) north.
Truck
Major Interstates in proximity are:
New York State Thruway, a toll-road (west from Albany it is Interstate 90 to Buffalo and beyond; south the Thruway is Interstate 87 to the New York Metro Area);
connects Albany to Troy, New York;
(south of Albany it is the Thruway, to the north the Adirondack Northway then at the Canada–US border it becomes Autoroute 15 to Montreal);
(west of Albany it is the Thruway, to the east toll-free until rejoining the Thruway on its Berkshire Spur and continuing to Boston as the Mass Turnpike);
I-88 connects Albany to Binghamton, New York.
Water-to-water
The Port of Albany is just south of where the New York State Canal System begins at the Federal Dam in Troy. The Erie Canal allows for water navigation to the Great Lakes, and the Champlain Canal connects the Hudson River to Lake Champlain. The Richelieu River/Chambly Canal then connects Lake Champlain to the St. Lawrence Seaway and Montreal.
Facilities
The Port of Albany includes:
Deep water facilities located on both banks of the river;
two wharves: wharf length on the Albany side of the river is with four berths, and on the Rensselaer side the length is with one berth;
open storage yard;
Customs and U.S. Department of Agriculture offices;
Four transit sheds and two backup warehouses totaling of storage;
capacity grain elevator;
capacity bulk liquid storage between two terminals;
Heavy lift on-dock rail capability;
Super-sacking and debagging operation;
road salt depot;
scrap yard;
a capacity crane and a mobile harbor crane, which is the largest harbor crane in the state of New York.
Maritime services
Stevedoring operations at the Port of Albany are managed by Federal Marine Terminals, Inc. and Port Albany Ventures, LLC. The Hudson River Pilots Association handles pilotage on the Hudson River.
Tenants
The rent from the 32 businesses at the port in 2008 contributes $2.76 million in revenue for the port. As of 2015 there are 23 businesses in 21 buildings occupying 97% of the space available at the port. Tenants include Ardent Mills, Buckeye Partners, Callanan Industries, Cargill (the oldest tenant at the port), Cargill Nutrena, CCI Rensselaer, Durham School Services, Federal Marine Terminals, Gorman Brothers, Mohawk Paper, Newcastle Construction, NYS Department of Environmental Conservation, Normal Truck and Trailer, Rensselaer Iron and Steel, San Greco Construction, Upstate Shredding, Waste Management, Inc. of New York, Westway Feed Products, and W.M. Biers.
Cargo
Some commodities come through the port on a regular basis, others are special cargo for a limited time. Such limited time cargo includes subway cars shipped to Albany from Brazil in 2006 for six months and most recently subway cars from China bound for Springfield and Boston's MBTA, and diameter pipes with associated materials from Italy first shipped in May 2007. The pipes were for a long natural gas pipeline and included of material in about a dozen ships. In 2015 69 ships and barges called at the port, a 15% increase over 2010. Commodities shipped to or from Albany on a regular basis include:
Animal feed;
Cement;
Cocoa beans;
Grain (including corn and wheat);
Gypsum;
Ethanol;
Heavy lift items (including turbines, generators, heat exchangers, and rotors);
Liquid fertilizer;
Millscale and scrap metal;
Molasses;
Petroleum distillates (including diesel, gasoline, heating oil, and kerosene);
Salt;
Steel;
Sugar;
Wood pulp and logs.
Tourism
Along with commercial activities the Port of Albany has non-industrial uses along the river. A ship museum and a tourism cruise ship are docked at the Steamboat Square. Steamboat Square was, until 2010, named the Snow Dock for being where city trucks dumped into the Hudson River snow plowed from the streets. A PortFest was held in 2007 to commemorate the 75th anniversary of the Port of Albany-Rennselaer and the 10th anniversary of as a museum ship docked at Albany. National Maritime Day is celebrated with free trolley rides of the port and free rides aboard the Dutch Apple Cruise.
USS Slater, which is the only destroyer escort still afloat in the United States, sits at Steamboat Square near the foot of Madison Avenue. The ship is open from April to November to the public. The destroyer closes to the public from December to March and moves from the Steamboat Square to the port's Rensselaer side. In August 2008 part of the Japanese film Orion in Midsummer (scheduled for release in spring 2009) was filmed on board.
Dutch Apple Cruises, a private company which gives day cruises on the Hudson River and Erie Canal, also operates at the Steamboat Square. The city of Albany has a public boat launch and boat house along the Hudson in the Corning Preserve. The boat house and launch are used by the Albany Rowing Center, a non-profit rowing organization.
On the Rensselaer side of the Hudson is the Albany Yacht Club. The club was founded in the city of Albany in 1873 and is one of the oldest yacht clubs in the nation. In 1954 the club moved to the Rensselaer side and since 1971 has been at its current location just south of the Dunn Memorial Bridge. Facilities are open to the public at large and not just to members.
See also
Albany Convention Center
Capital District
Capital District Transportation Authority
History of Albany, New York
Hudson River-Black River Regulating District
List of North American ports
List of ports in the United States
New York State Archives
Ogdensburg Bridge and Port Authority
Port Authority of New York and New Jersey
Port of Oswego
The Egg
References
External links
Hudson River Level at Albany, NY
Official Port of Albany Website
Official City Government Website
Return of the Experiment, painting by Len Tantillo
Hudson River
Ports and harbors of New York (state)
Foreign trade zones of the United States
Transportation in Albany, New York
Transportation in Rensselaer County, New York
River ports of the United States
1932 establishments in New York (state) |
20473858 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ricardo%20de%20Ortega%20y%20Diez | Ricardo de Ortega y Diez | Ricardo de Ortega y Diez (10 August 1838 – 3 December 1917) was a Spanish general. He served as interim Governor-General of Puerto Rico during three periods of the Spanish–American War, and occupied various other posts. Born in Madrid, Spain, Ortega y Diez attended the Colegio de Infantería and became a sub-lieutenant at the age of 17.
From 1859 to 1860, he served in Africa obtaining the rank of captain. On 24 May 1873, he received the rank of lieutenant general and participated in several actions against Carlists. In early 1880s, he was the Director of the Central Shooting School, inventing a quick loader for rifles in 1889.
In 1892, he reached the rank of division general and returned to Africa the following year to work with the tribes of Melilla. In 1895, he served as Military Governor of Madrid. On 19 February 1896, he was named second corporal of the Capitanía General of Puerto Rico and Military Governor of San Juan. According to tradition, in 1898, just before the United States took possession of Puerto Rico after the Spanish-American War, the last governor, Ricardo de Ortega, broke a colonial clock with his sword, thus marking the time and day in that Spain lost control of the island, as well as the loss of the last possession of Spain in the Americas. The clock is still kept in La Fortaleza.
After the Spanish–American War, he received the rank of lieutenant general in 1901. In 1903 he received the rank of Captain General of the Balearic Islands until 1910. That year he turned to the Reserve after 54 years of military service. He died in Madrid, Spain, on 3 December 1917.
References
External links
Important Figures of the War
Ortega's report
Spanish generals
Royal Governors of Puerto Rico
Spanish military personnel of the Spanish–American War
1838 births
1917 deaths |
20473864 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois-Xavier%20Villain | François-Xavier Villain | François-Xavier Villain (born 31 May 1950 in Abbeville, Somme) was a member of the National Assembly of France. He represented the Nord department, from 2002 to 2017 and is a member of Arise the Republic, a small Gaullist party led by Nicolas Dupont-Aignan. He is also mayor of Cambrai.
References
1950 births
Living people
People from Abbeville
Politicians from Hauts-de-France
Rally for the Republic politicians
Union for a Popular Movement politicians
Debout la France politicians
Sciences Po alumni
Mayors of places in Hauts-de-France
People from Cambrai
Deputies of the 12th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
Deputies of the 13th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
Deputies of the 14th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
Union of Democrats and Independents politicians |
6903969 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SS%20Kurtulu%C5%9F | SS Kurtuluş | SS Kurtuluş was a Turkish cargo ship which became famous for her humanitarian role in carrying food aid during the famine Greece suffered under the Axis occupation in World War II. She sank on 20 February 1942 in the Sea of Marmara during her fifth voyage from İstanbul, Turkey to Piraeus, Greece. In Turkish kurtuluş means "liberation".
The ship
The steamer Kurtuluş was built by Caird & Purdie Shipyard in Barrow-in-Furness, Cumbria, England in 1883. She was a dry-freight carrier, long with 2,735 gross register tons capacity. After having served under different flags and names, she was purchased in 1924 by the prominent Turkish shipowning family, Kalkavan brothers. She served as freighter in Turkish waters as one of the first ships under the flag of the newly established Turkish Republic. She was re-sold in 1934 to another family active in the same field, Tavilzade brothers, who named her "SS Kurtuluş" ("Liberation") in 1934. In 1941, SS Kurtuluş was leased by the Turkish government for humanitarian relief to be provided during the food crisis in Greece.
The mission
Greece experienced the Great Famine () during the time the country was occupied by Nazi Germany starting April 1941, as well as a sea blockade by the Royal Navy at the same time. The famine is reported to have caused the death of 70,000 people according to the official, German-controlled, Greek sources of the period and over 300,000 according to the historian Mark Mazower.
The National Greek War Relief Association, an organization formed in October 1940 by the Greek Orthodox Church, started to raise funds in the United States and to organize relief efforts to supply the population with food and medicine. The Allied high command were initially reluctant to lift the blockade since it was the only form of pressure they had on the Axis Powers. However, a compromise was reached to allow shipments of grain to come from the neutral Turkey, despite the fact that it was within the blockade zone.
Turkish president İsmet İnönü signed a decision to help the people whose army he had personally fought during the Turkish War of Independence 19 years prior. The people of Turkey thus became the first to lend a helping hand to Greece. Foodstuffs were collected by a nationwide campaign of Kızılay (Turkish Red Crescent) and the operation was mainly funded by the American Greek War Relief Association and the Hellenic Union of Constantinopolitans. Food supplies were sent to the port of Istanbul to be shipped to Greece. SS Kurtuluş was prepared for her voyage with big symbols of the Red Crescent painted on both sides.
After having received permission from London to cross the blockade zone, the ship left Karaköy Pier on 6 October 1941 for the first time. Upon landing in Piraeus, the port city near Athens, the International Red Cross took charge of unloading and of distributing the foodstuffs. In the following months, SS Kurtuluş made three more voyages to Greece delivering a total of 6,735 tons of food aid.
During her fifth voyage, after having left Istanbul on 18 February, the old ship was caught in heavy weather and rough seas in the Sea of Marmara. During the night of 20 February 1942, SS Kurtuluş was blown onto rocks off the coast near Saraylar village, north of Marmara Island. She sank the next morning at 9:15. All 34 crew members reached Marmara Island. The place was later named Cape Kurtuluş in her memory.
Despite the loss of SS Kurtuluş, Turkey maintained her determination to help, and continued sending aid until 1946 with other ships like SS Dumlupınar, SS Tunç, SS Konya, SS Güneysu and SS Aksu. One ship, the SS Dumlupınar brought around 1,000 sick Greek children aged 13–16 to İstanbul to recuperate in a safe place.
The documentary film
Turkish writer-researcher-film director Erhan Cerrahoğlu undertook research work to produce a documentary on SS Kurtuluş and on the relief campaign the ship was part of. The wrecksite was identified in summer 2005, by the diver Prof. Erdoğan Okuş and his team. The shipwreck was found demolished.
The documentary film Kurtuluş Vapuru Belgeseli (SS Kurtuluş: The Steamship That Carried Peace) features images seen for the first time. The documentary debuted on 1 June 2006, during the 3rd International Istanbul Bunker Conference.
Footnotes
References
A History of Greece
Sources
Dimitri Kitsikis, «La famine en Grèce, 1941 1942. Les conséquences politiques»,Revue d'Histoire de la Deuxième Guerre mondiale (Paris), 19th year, no. 74, April 1969.
limited preview
Ships built in Barrow-in-Furness
Cargo ships
Merchant ships of Turkey
Greece–Turkey relations
Greece in World War II
Shipwrecks in the Sea of Marmara
Maritime incidents in February 1942
Maritime incidents in Turkey
1942 in Turkey
1883 ships
Steamships of Turkey |
6904019 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Porto%20Vivo | Porto Vivo | "Porto Vivo", literally translating to "Porto Alive", is the name for an urban rejuvenation project in Porto, Portugal. The Porto City Council, ("Camara municipal") established this project when the City old Town was designated a World Heritage Site by UNESCO during 1998.
History
Porto City Council's officially appointed body, The Society of Urban Rehabilitation of Oporto, was created specifically to take charge of and carry out this project. They are located in the Sé district of Porto, on Rua Mouzinho da Silveira, in the heart of the protection zone. The society was constituted on 27 of November 2004. Its mission is to elaborate the strategy, and promote the program of urban rejuvenation in Porto, by acting as mediator between property owners and investors, between holders and tenants, and where needed, to take charge the operation of urban rehabilitation, using the lawful powers conferred to it by the City Council.
The overall aim of the rehabilitation program is to rehabitate, and breathe new life into the inner city (The "Baixa" district), and the historical centre of Porto. This involves renovation of much of the older, more neglected residential and other historically significant buildings, especially in the area bounded by the ancient city walls, defined by UNESCO as being a world heritage conservation zone during 1996.
Objectives
The society has 5 declared objectives:
To refurbish the buildings and structures of the City Centre.
To revitalise the local economy of the City Centre.
To renew and enhance the social aspects of the City Centre.
To modernise the infrastructure of the City Centre.
To facilitate efficient management of the renewed City Centre.
In addition to the many historical buildings renovated to date as part of Porto Vivo, the program has also yielded the Porto Metro, the upgrading & expansion of Francisco Sá Carneiro Airport, the construction of many new buildings including the Casa da Música theatre, the Infante Dom Henrique Bridge, and the upgrading of the Dom Luis I Bridge.
References
Porto Vivo Masterplan (English Executive Summary - PDF)
Porto Vivo Official Website
Porto City Council Website
Porto |
6904022 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Document%20modelling | Document modelling | Document modelling looks at the inherent structure in documents. Rather than the structure in formatting which is the classic realm of word-processing tools, it is concerned with the structure in content. Because document content is typically viewed as the ad hoc result of a creative process, the art of document modelling is still in its infancy. Most document modelling comes in the form of document templates evidenced most often as word-processing documents, fillable PDF forms, and XML templates. The particular strength of XML in this context is its ability to model document components in a tree-like structure, and its separation of content and style.
Document modelling goes beyond mere form-filling and mail-merge to look at the structure of information in, for example, a legal document, a contract, an inspection report, or some form of analysis.
Document modelling therefore looks at the structures and patterns of the written work, and breaks it down into different options or branches. It then labels the branches and the results. Without effective document modelling, it is difficult to get full value from a document automation initiative, for example, using document assembly software. But by using a model that contains hundreds and thousands of branches, a user can create close to infinite structured variations almost to the point that such systems can rival the unstructured drafting of a specialist. In fact, the results of a sophisticated document model can surpass those of the specialist in terms of lack of error and consistency of prose.
See also
DTD
Document processing
Template processor
XML schema
Technical communication |
44500348 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raasiku%20FC%20Joker | Raasiku FC Joker | Raasiku FC Joker are a football club based in Raasiku, Estonia, who play in the III liiga.
History
Players
Current squad
''As of 1 April 2018.
References
Football clubs in Estonia
Association football clubs established in 1993
1993 establishments in Estonia
Raasiku Parish |
20473874 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois%20Asensi | François Asensi | François Asensi (born 1 June 1945) is a French politician who has served as the Mayor of Tremblay-en-France since 1991 and served as Member of the National Assembly for Seine-Saint-Denis' 11th constituency from 1988 to 2017.
Early life
François Asensi was born on 1 June 1945 in Santander, Spain to a French mother and Spanish father. His father had fought for the Republicans in the Spanish Civil War as a member of the International Brigades. Both parents were then communist activists in the underground resistance to the dictatorship of Francisco Franco. In 1947, when François was two years old, the family secretly emigrated to France with their two children. François received the status of political refugee and would become a French citizen upon attaining the age of majority.
The Asensi family resided in Aubervilliers, La Plaine Saint-Denis, with François growing up in the Landy neighbourhood. He obtained a Certificate of Professional Competence in technical drawing and began working for a company manufacturing washing machines and clothes irons.
Political career
François Asensi joined the Mouvement Jeunes Communistes de France at the age of 15, protesting the Algerian War. Four years later, he became a member of the French Communist Party (PCF).
After serving in the military, Asensi worked as a secretary in the Aubervilliers chapter of the PCF and soon rose to the position of local secretary of the city. He was then appointed First Secretary of the Jeunes Communistes Federation of Seine-Saint-Denis and National Secretary of the Union of Jeunes Communistes of France after that. Asensi resigned from the Jeunesse Communiste due to disagreements with the organization and subsequently took part in reviving the Seine-Saint-Denis federation of the PCF in 1974.
At the end of 1975, Asensi became PCF secretary for Aulnay-sous-Bois. He helped prepare the Communist succession to Mayor Robert Ballanger of Aulnay-sous-Bois, who also served as a Member of the National Assembly for Seine-Saint-Denis and president of the Communist group in the National Assembly. Asensi was soon designated as Ballanger's successor and became a Member of the National Assembly after Ballanger's death in 1981. At the same time, Asensi also served as municipal councillor of Aulnay-sous-Bois, where he joined PSA Group workers in their demonstrations in 1982.
Asensi was elected federal first secretary of the PCF in Seine-Saint-Denis, serving from 1979 to 1985, whereupon he was dismissed from national party leadership and the Seine-Saint-Denis federation. This was because he had joined several Seine-Saint-Denis mayors in pushing for the transformation of the PCF into a "new revolutionary party," thereby breaking with the party's messaging surrounding worker identity. Asensi sought to reform and modernize the party's structure and create a new communist program taking into account recent societal developments. He also demanded that the PCF leadership seriously re-evaluate its ties with the Communist Party of the Soviet Union.
Asensi was elected to the National Assembly in 1986 and then re-elected in 1988, 1993, 1997, 2002, 2007 and 2012.
After having been municipal councillor of Aubrevilliers, Aulnay-sous-Bois and Villepinte, Asensi was elected mayor of Tremblay-en-France in 1991, succeeding George Prudhomme. He was subsequently re-elected in 1995, 2001, 2008, 2014 and 2020.
In 1995, Asensi became president of SEAFPA, an inter-communal union founded in 1971 by Robert Ballanger. The union covered the communes of Tremblay-en-France, Villepinte, Aulnay-sous-Bois, Sevran and Le Blanc-Mesnil and aimed to develop public policy for people with disabilities. Asensi resigned from the presidency in 2014.
Drawing from his family history with the Spanish Civil War, Asensi co-founded the Friends of the Soldiers of Republican Spain (ACER) along with fellow sons of International Brigade soldiers José Fort, Jean-Claude Lefort and Pierre Renière in 1996. He serves as the association's co-president to this day.
Asensi called for a common candidate representing all the anti-liberal forces on the left in the 2007 French presidential election, motivated by what he saw as a left-wing desire for social transformation in France after the 2005 referendum on the European Constitution. The project failed and contributed to further divisions among anti-liberals in the country.
Asensi established the agglomeration community of Terres de France in 2010, comprising Sevran, Villepinte and Tremblay-en-France. The community aimed to advance common projects and solidarity among its residents. Asensi was elected president of its community council and would hold this position until the disestablishment of Terres de France on 31 December 2015, when it was merged into the public territorial establishment of Paris Terres d'Envol along with five other cities.
Asensi left the PCF in March 2010. He began campaigning for structural reforms to the Federation for a Social and Environmental Alternative and the Left Front, the latter of which he wanted to offer direct membership. Asensi also spoke in favour of a reconfiguration of the left between the poles of social democracy and social transformation in which communism would play a major role.
In the 2012 French legislative elections, Asensi campaigned for re-election with Clémentine Autain as his designated substitute. He came in first in the first round with 35.64% of the vote and won as the only candidate in the second round after second-place candidate Stéphane Gatignon withdrew from the election.
Asensi was a sponsor for Jean-Luc Mélenchon's candidacy in the 2017 French presidential election.
In the 2017 French legislative elections, Asensi expressed his wish for Autain to succeed him as his constituency's Member of the National Assembly. He became Autain's substitute and participated in her campaign. She was ultimately elected with almost 38% of the vote in the first round and 59.52% of the vote in the second round.
Member of the National Assembly
François Asensi was part of a total of seven permanent committees in the National Assembly during his career.
In 1990, he was the spokesman for the Gayssot Act, which prohibited the denial of crimes against humanity with the aim of combating racist, antisemitic and xenophobic behaviour.
From 8 October 1999 to 8 Avril 2000, Asensi was tasked by Prime Minister Lionel Jospin's government with implementing a reform to the classification of certain sports federations as charitable organizations.
He supported a 2000 law promoting equal access to electoral offices for women and men, known as the parity law.
In 2010, Asensi proposed a law recognizing territorial discrimination, which was passed in the form of the Lamy Act on 21 February 2014.
In 2010, he co-founded the academy of Banlieues with lawyer Jean-Louis Peru. The academy is an association of territorial collectivities seeking to debunk stereotypes of the banlieues by working with local actors. It conducts research, policy analysis and on-the-ground initiatives to achieve this goal.
Asensi also pushed for the removal of the term "race" from the laws of the Fifth Republic and the Constitution of 1958. This change came into effect in 2013.
With regards to international affairs, Asensi opposed the Iraq War and campaigned for France to recognize the State of Palestine.
References
External links
Official website
1945 births
Living people
People from Santander, Spain
Politicians from Cantabria
Deputies of the 12th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
Deputies of the 13th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
Deputies of the 14th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic |
44500379 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josefina%20L%C3%B3pez%20Espinosa | Josefina López Espinosa | Patricia Josefina López Espinosa (born 19 March 1958) is a Mexican politician from the National Action Party. In 2009 she served as Deputy of the LX Legislature of the Mexican Congress representing the State of Mexico.
References
1958 births
Living people
Politicians from the State of Mexico
Women members of the Chamber of Deputies (Mexico)
Members of the Chamber of Deputies (Mexico)
National Action Party (Mexico) politicians
21st-century Mexican politicians
21st-century Mexican women politicians |
20473887 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois%20Brottes | François Brottes | François Brottes (born 31 March 1956 in Valence, Drôme) was a member of the National Assembly of France. He represented Isère's 5th constituency from 1997 to 2012 as a member of the Socialiste, radical, citoyen et divers gauche. Brottes also serves as the mayor of Crolles. In 2012 he was appointed director of Réseau de Transport d'Électricité, and was replaced in the assembly by his substitute, Pierre Rebeaud.
References
1956 births
Living people
People from Valence, Drôme
Socialist Party (France) politicians
Mayors of places in Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes
Radio France people
Deputies of the 12th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
Deputies of the 13th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
Deputies of the 14th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic |
17335975 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate%20of%20Argentina | Climate of Argentina | The climate of Argentina varies from region to region, as the vast size of the country and wide variation in altitude make for a wide range of climate types. Summers are the warmest and wettest season in most of Argentina except in most of Patagonia where it is the driest season. Winters are normally mild in the north, cool in the center and cold in the southern parts experiencing frequent frost and snow. Because southern parts of the country are moderated by the surrounding oceans, the cold is less intense and prolonged than areas at similar latitudes in the northern hemisphere. Spring and autumn are transition seasons that generally feature mild weather.
Many regions have different, often contrasting, microclimates. In general, northern parts of the country are characterized by hot, humid, rainy summers and mild winters with periodic droughts. Mesopotamia, in the northeast is characterized by high temperatures and abundant precipitation throughout the year with droughts being uncommon. West of this lies the Chaco region, which is the warmest region in Argentina. Precipitation in the Chaco region decreases westwards, resulting in the vegetation changing from forests in the east to shrubs in the west. Northwest Argentina is predominantly dry and hot although the rugged topography makes it climatically diverse, ranging from the cold, dry Puna to thick jungles. The center of the country, which includes the Pampas to the east and the drier Cuyo region to the west has hot summers with frequent tornadoes and thunderstorms, and cool, dry winters. Patagonia, in the southern parts of the country has a dry climate with warm summers and cold winters characterized by strong winds throughout the year and one of the strongest precipitation gradients in the world. High elevations at all latitudes experience cooler conditions, and the mountainous zones can see heavy snowfall.
The geographic and geomorphic characteristics of Argentina tend to create extreme weather conditions, often leading to natural disasters that negatively impact the country both economically and socially. The Pampas, where many of the large cities are located, has a flat topography and poor water drainage, making it vulnerable to flooding. Severe storms can lead to tornadoes, damaging hail, storm surges, and high winds, causing extensive damage to houses and infrastructure, displacing thousands of people and causing significant loss of life. Extreme temperature events such as heat waves and cold waves impact rural and urban areas by negatively impacting agriculture, one of the main economic activities of the country, and by increasing energy demand, which can lead to energy shortages.
Argentina is vulnerable and will likely be significantly impacted by climate change. Temperatures have increased in the last century while the observed changes in precipitation are variable, with some areas receiving more and other areas less. These changes have impacted river flow, increased the frequency of extreme weather events, and led to the retreat of glaciers. Based on the projections for both precipitation and temperatures, these climatic events are likely to increase in severity and create new problems associated with climate change in the country.
Seasons
In Argentina, the climate is divided into four, well defined seasons, those being winter, spring, summer and autumn.
Winter
In winter (June–August), the northern parts of Argentina are generally warm, the central parts mild, and the southern parts cold with frequent frost and snow. The climate of the southern parts of the country is moderated by the surrounding oceans, resulting in cold weather that is less intense and prolonged than at comparable latitudes in the northern hemisphere. The northern parts of the country have the warmest temperatures, with an average of ; the central parts are cooler, with an average of . In the extreme south, mean temperatures are below . At higher altitudes in the Andes, average winter temperatures are below . June and July temperatures are normally similar to each other; however, in August temperatures see a rise of about .
Precipitation varies a lot during the winter months. The highest are in the extreme northern part of the Littoral region and northwestern parts of Patagonia, where mean winter precipitation exceeds . Most of the humid Pampas, averages between while in the north, in areas bordering the Andes, it averages less than .
Spring
Spring (September–November) is similar to autumn, with mild days and cool nights. During mid-October a large variety of wild and urban flora are in bloom. Temperatures range from in the north to in the center, and in most of Patagonia. Tierra del Fuego Province and the higher altitudes of the Andes have the coolest springs, with mean temperatures below . Temperatures grow warmer as spring progresses.
During spring, precipitation in the country varies, with the greatest amounts being in northern Buenos Aires Province and the Littoral region, where the average precipitation exceeds . Arid regions (Arid Diagonal) have the lowest spring precipitation, with an average precipitation of less than .
Summer
In summer (December–February), temperatures range from an average of in the north to a mean of in the center of the country except for the southeastern parts of Buenos Aires Province, where temperatures are cooler in summer due to the maritime influence. In the extreme south of the country, the temperature averages ; at very high altitudes, the average is below .
During summer, mean precipitation varies throughout the country: the eastern parts of Salta Province, Jujuy Province, northern Tucumán Province and all of Misiones Province are the wettest, receiving more than of precipitation during the season. Most of the Littoral region and Buenos Aires Province, average between . On the other hand, the Patagonia region is dry, with precipitation averaging less than – and occasionally below – much lower than other regions; Patagonia receives a monthly precipitation of . In the central and northern parts of the country, January is usually the wettest month, with an average monthly precipitation of in most places, even exceeding in some places.
Autumn
Autumn (March–May) is generally mild. Some southern natives forests and vineyards display red and orange autumn foliage, especially in mid-April. Frost arrives notably earlier in the south and later in the north. Mean temperatures can exceed in the northern parts of the country, while they can touch in most of the central parts of the country, and less than at the higher altitudes. As autumn progresses, mean temperatures fall in all regions, with March warmer than May. In the north, mean temperatures range from in March to in May. In the central parts of the country, mean temperatures in March are between , dropping to in May. The mean temperature in Tierra del Fuego Province in the extreme south is , and occasionally lower.
Precipitation is highest in northeast Argentina and lowest in the Patagonia and Cuyo regions. In northeast Argentina, mean precipitation can exceed while in most of Buenos Aires Province and northwest Argentina, mean autumn precipitation ranges between . In most of the western parts of northwest Argentina, Patagonia (except for western Patagonia where precipitation is higher, averaging ) and Cuyo regions, precipitation can average less than . In the northwest, precipitation decreases as autumn progresses, ushering in the dry season. For example, in Tucuman Province, March averages more than of precipitation while May averages less than . In contrast, precipitation increases in Patagonia, particularly in the western parts where May precipitation can exceed .
Factors that influence the climate
Different meteorological factors affect the Argentine climate. Some of these factors are local while others come from other countries.
Geographic factors
The most important geographical factors that influence the climate of Argentina are latitude, elevation, and distance from the sea. With Argentina extending from 22oS to 55oS, there are differences in the amount of incoming solar radiation and the amount of daylight received in each season, which affects temperature. Thus, temperatures decrease from north to south due to the differences in latitudes.
Although the centre and the eastern parts of the country are mostly flat, the west is mountainous. Both the Andes and Sierras Pampeanas affect the climate of Argentina, leading to differences in temperature, pressure, and spatial distribution of precipitation depending on the topography and altitude. Here, the Andes exert an important influence on the climate. Owing to the higher altitudes of the Andes north of 40oS, they completely block the normal westerly flow, preventing low pressure systems containing moisture from the Pacific Ocean from coming in. Thus, much of Argentina north of 40oS is dominated by wind circulation patterns from the South Atlantic High. South of 40oS, the Andes are lower in altitude, allowing much of Patagonia to be dominated by westerly winds and air masses from the Pacific Ocean. However, the north–south orientation of the Andes creates a barrier for humid air masses originating from the Pacific Ocean. This is because they force these air masses upwards, cooling adiabactically. Most of the moisture is dropped on the Chilean side, causing abundant precipitation and cloudiness while on the Argentine side, the air warms adiabatically, causing it to become drier as it descends. Thus, an extensive rain–shadow is present in much of Patagonia, causing it to receive very little precipitation. The Sierras Pampeanas influences the climate on a much smaller scale than the Andes.
Distance from the sea is another important geographic factor. Owing to the shape of the country, the close proximity to the ocean means that most of the country, excluding the north is moderated by the surrounding oceans, leading to lower thermal amplitudes than comparable latitudes in the northern hemisphere. The two main currents that impact the climate of Argentina are the Brazil Current from the north and the Malvinas Current from the south (a branch of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current). The Brazil Current transports warm subtropical waters southwards while the Malvinas Current transports cold, subantarctic waters northwards. The Malvinas Current cools the coastal areas, particularly during winter when the current is stronger. Thus, coastal areas of the Pampas have cooler summers and a longer frost period owing to the cold Malvinas Current. As well, it is the main factor in making Tierra del Fuego colder than at comparable latitudes in the northern hemisphere in Europe since it is influenced by the cold Malvinas Current rather than the warm North Atlantic Current.
Atmospheric Circulation
The South Atlantic High and the South Pacific High both influence the pattern of winds and precipitations in Argentina. Owing to the greater high of the Andes at latitudes north of 40oS, much of Argentina is dominated by wind circulation patterns from the South Atlantic High. The South Atlantic High transports moisture from the Atlantic Ocean to Argentina. This occurs throughout the year due to the atmospheric pressure being lower on land than in the ocean. Much of the north and central parts of the country are affected by the South Atlantic High, with a strong influence in the eastern parts than in the west. This is due to the eastern parts being more frequently affected by the South Atlantic High, causing precipitation to decrease westwards.
Throughout the year, the South Pacific High influences the climate by bringing cold, moist air masses originating from Patagonia. During the most intense cold waves, they form when a transient high pressure system located in the South Pacific Ocean moves eastwards to the southern tip of South America. As it begins to move, this high pressure system strengthens the South Pacific High and is forced to move southwards to south of 40oS where the Andes are shorter in height. As well, an upper level ridge forms over the South Pacific Ocean along with an upper level trough extending from subtropical latitudes to the South Atlantic Ocean. At the same time, a low pressure system forms over the South Atlantic Ocean which eventually strengthens. The formation a cold front associated with it moves to the northeast owing to the topographic barrier that the Andes forms. The passage of the cold front to the northeast leads to the movement of the high pressure system from the South Pacific Ocean into the southern tip of South America. All of these conditions lead to strong anticyclogenesis to the east of the Andes and thus, the high pressure system intensifies as it enters southern Argentina. When both the high pressure system (over southern Argentina) and low pressure system strengthen, it creates a very strong pressure gradient that draws cold air from the south, strengthening southerly winds. Owing to the topographic barrier of the Andes, it forces and channels the cold air to accumulate on the eastern side of the Andes. This generates an ageostropic component from the south (due to a reduction in the Coriolis force caused by accumulation of cold air on the eastern side of the Andes) that draw this cold air northwards, which is driven by this pressure gradient. Cold air can move northwards until 18oS when the blocking effect of the Andes is smaller due to a change in its orientation. Overall, these conditions results in the coldest temperatures due to the cold masses from high latitudes being pulled northwards. A weaker cold wave occurs when the South Pacific High remains over the ocean and does not have a migratory high pressure system originating from the South Pacific High that moves east of the Andes (it builds over the Andes). Although this occurs throughout the year, during winters, it leads to cold temperatures while during summer, it leads to strong and deep convections. These convections are responsible for about 50% of summer precipitation south of 25oS.
The Chaco Low is a semi–permanent low pressure system situated east of the Andes that is approximately located between 20oS and 30oS during summer (displaced to the north in winter). It is stronger in the summer than in winter due to a combination of high insolation, dry surface conditions, and southward displacement of the South Atlantic and South Pacific High (this makes it difficult for cold fronts to enter at lower latitudes). The Chaco Low interacts with the South Atlantic High, generating a pressure gradient that draws moist air from the northeast to coastal and central regions of Argentina. It also forces easterly winds from the Amazon basin to move southward, which is reinforced by the funneling effect from both the Andes and the Brazilian Plateau. The Chaco Low brings large amounts of moisture that favour the development of convective thunderstorms during summer, reaching as far south as 35oS. This movement of air from the north owing to the interaction between the Chaco Low and the South Atlantic high is the strongest in summer when the Chaco Low is at its strongest. These winds bring hot, humid tropical air from the north. Sustained and intense winds from the north are responsible for severe weather events such as heat waves and severe convection. During winter, the Chaco Low weakens as a result of lower insolation. This is partly responsible for the decrease in winter precipitation over much of Argentina (in addition to northward displacement of westerlies) due to a weaker transport of air masses from the tropics. This excludes areas south of 40oS where it is dominated by westerlies.
El Niño and La Niña
The El Niño–Southern Oscillation leads to changes in the atmospheric circulation patterns (also known as teleconnections). Although the exact mechanisms are unknown, the impacts of the changes in atmospheric circulation patterns caused by the El Niño–Southern Oscillation are more clearly observed in the more humid eastern parts of the country (between Uruguay and southern Brazil). During El Niño events, precipitation is more higher than normal while during La Niña events, precipitation is lower than normal in the Pampas. In general, El Niño tends to increase precipitation during late spring and summer, particularly in the north. The impacts of La Niña in the eastern parts of the country (northeast and the Pampas) are observed in winter where precipitation is lower. In Northwest Argentina, El Niño events are associated with a strong reduction in rainfall during summer. In contrast, La Niña events increase precipitation in northwest Argentina. In the central–western parts of Patagonia, spring precipitation tends to be lower during La Niña events and higher during El Niño events. Summer precipitation exhibits an opposite pattern where La Niña years involve wetter summers while El Niño years featuring drier summers. On the Andes in central western Argentina, precipitation is higher during El Niño year.
In general, La Niña events are associated with lower temperatures (particularly colder winters) in the Pampas. During winter, frosts are more common during La Niña events compared to El Niño events. This is due to a stronger southerly flow during La Niña events caused by a higher concentration of high pressure systems in the South Pacific and an increase in cyclonic activity (more low pressure systems) in the South Atlantic. This creates conditions that are favourable for bringing cold air from the south, particularly when there is a formation of a high pressure system over Patagonia (associated with the passage of a front) that is responsible for bringing cold air from the south. Thus, invasions of cold air from the south are more common during La Niña events. In contrast, warm spells in the Pampas and northern parts of the country are more intense and frequent during El Niño events. This is due to stronger westerly winds south of 40oS, leading to less frequent incursions of cold air from the south while enhancing winds from the north that bring in warm air. Although La Niña events lead to colder winters with more frequent incursions of cold air in both the north and central parts of the country, it leads to more frequent and intense warm spells in the last months of the year. In other regions, El Niño events lead to more frequent and intense warm spells in Northwest Argentina (during autumn), northeast Argentina (during spring) and central Argentina (during summer). Cold air anomalies arising from El Niño events are observed during spring and are the result of an increase in rainfall that lead to reductions in insolation. For the southern parts of the country, El Niño events are associated with more intense and frequent cold spells during the coldest months. In summer, El Niño events are associated with warmer summer temperatures in the southern parts of the country.
Antarctic Oscillation
The Antarctic Oscillation, also known as the Southern Hemisphere Annular Mode is the main factor in tropospheric circulation variability south of 20oS and is characterized by pressure anomalies with one situated in the Antarctic and one situated in a band at around 40–50oS around the globe. It mainly affects middle and high latitudes in the Southern Hemisphere. It is characterized by the north–south displacement of the westerly wind belt that circle around Antarctica. Such variation in the position of the westerly wind belt affects the intensity and position of cold fronts and mid latitude storm systems and is partly responsible for variation in precipitation in the southern parts of Argentina. The Antarctic Oscillation is characterized by two phases: a positive and a negative phase. A positive phase is when the westerly wind belt is displaced to the south. The positive phase occurs when there is increased surface pressure over the southern parts of the South American continent and decreased pressure in Antarctica. This results in stronger westerly winds in the southern parts of the country while preventing cold fronts from penetrating inland, producing more stable conditions. Furthermore, the positive phase leads to warmer conditions south of 40oS, particularly during the summer in areas between 40–60oS. Precipitation is lower due to less frontal and orographic precipitation resulting from reduced westerly wind flow between 40–60OS. Opposite conditions occur in the negative phase when the westerly wind belt is shifted equatorward. Cold fronts moving northwards from the south penetrate more frequently, leading to more precipitation and cooler temperatures during the negative phase. The major effect of negative phase of the Antarctic Oscillation occurs in spring when it increases precipitation over southeastern South America.
Indian Ocean Dipole
The Indian Ocean Dipole is an atmospheric–oceanic phenomenon characterized by differences in sea surface temperatures between the eastern and western sections of the tropical Indian Ocean. Similar to the Antarctic Oscillation, the Indian Ocean Dipole is characterized by two phases: a positive and a negative phase. In the positive phase, the eastern section of the tropical Indian Ocean is cooler (lower sea surface temperature) and the western section is warmer than normal (higher sea surface temperature). On the other hand, the negative phase is characterized by warmer sea surface temperatures on the eastern section and cooler sea surface temperatures on the western section of the tropical Indian Ocean. Studies have shown that the Indian Ocean Dipole is partly responsible for variations in precipitation in Argentina and South America in general. During a positive phase, precipitation is higher in the Río de la Plata Basin due to teleconnections.
Regional climate
In general, Argentina has four main climate types: warm, moderate, arid, and cold, all determined by the expanse across latitude, range in altitude, and relief features. The arid and cold climates predominate in the west and south while the warm and moderate climates predominate in the center and north. The Arid Diagonal traverses the country from the northwest to the southeast. The vast size, and wide range of altitudes, contribute to Argentina's diverse climate. Argentina possesses a wide variety of climatic regions ranging from subtropical in the north to subantarctic in the far south. Lying between those is the Pampas region, which features a mild and humid climate. Under the Köppen climate classification, Argentina has 11 different climate types: Humid Subtropical (Cfa, Cwa), moderate oceanic (Cfb), warm semi-arid (BSh), subtropical highland oceanic (Cwb), warm desert (BWh), cold semi–arid (BSk), cold desert (BWk), moderate Mediterranean (Csb), cold oceanic (Cfc), and tundra (ET). Consequently, there is a wide variety of biomes in the country, including subtropical rain forests, semi-arid and arid regions, temperate plains in the Pampas, and cold subantarctic in the south. However, despite the diversity of biomes, about two-thirds of Argentina is arid or semi-arid. Argentina is best divided into six distinct regions reflecting the climatic conditions of the country as a whole. From north to south, these regions are Northwest, Chaco, Northeast, Cuyo/Monte, Pampas, and Patagonia. Each climatic region has distinctive types of vegetation.
Temperatures are the highest in the northern parts, averaging around during summer. Precipitation ranges from in driest and western parts of the Chaco to around in the extreme east. The center and east of Argentina have a temperate climate with annual precipitation between and mean annual temperatures between . The climate in the center of the country becomes more arid towards the west. In the south (Patagonia), most precipitation falls in the Bosque Andino Patagónico located in the Andes while the in the east on the Patagonian Steppe, the climate is arid with mean annual precipitation around . Temperatures in Patagonia exceed during winter months and owing to the martime influences of the surrounding Pacific and Atlantic oceans, the thermal amplitude is smaller than at similar latitudes in the Northern Hemisphere.
Mesopotamia
The region of Mesopotamia includes the provinces of Misiones, Entre Ríos and Corrientes. It has a subtropical climate with no dry season. Under the Köppen climate classification, it has a humid subtropical climate (Cfa). The main features of the climate are high temperatures and abundant rainfall throughout the year; this abundant rainfall makes water scarcity and extended periods of drought uncommon; most of the region has a positive water balance.
Average annual precipitation ranges from less than in the southern parts of the Province to approximately in the eastern parts. Precipitation is slightly higher in the summer than in the winter and generally decreases from east to west and from north to south. Summer precipitation levels range from a low of to a high of . In this season, most rain falls during convective thunderstorms. Autumn is one of the rainiest seasons, with many places receiving over . As in summer, precipitation falls mainly during convective thunderstorms. Winter is the driest season, with precipitation ranging from less than in the west to over in the east. Most of the precipitation during winter comes from frontal systems, particularly the sudestada (Spanish for strong southeasterly winds), bringing long periods of rain, cloudiness, cooler temperatures, and strong winds. Spring is similar to autumn, with a mean precipitation of .
Summers are very hot while winters are mild to warm. The northern parts of the region are warmer than the southern parts. During heat waves, temperatures can exceed in the summer months, while in the winter months, cold air masses from the south can push temperatures below freezing, resulting in frost. However, such cold fronts are brief and are less intense than areas further south or at higher altitudes. Snowfall is extremely rare and mainly confined to the uplands of Misiones Province, where the last significant snowfall occurred in 1975 in Bernardo de Irigoyen.
Chaco
The Chaco region in the center-north completely includes the provinces of Chaco, and Formosa. Eastern parts of Jujuy Province, Salta Province, and Tucumán Province, and northern parts of Córdoba Province and Santa Fe Province are part of the region. As well, most of Santiago del Estero Province lies within the region. This region, located in the center-north has a subtropical climate with hot, humid summers and mild, dry winters. Under the Köppen climate classification, the west has a semi-arid climate (Bs) while the east has a humid subtropical climate (Cfa). Chaco is one of the few natural regions in the world located between tropical and temperate latitudes that is not a desert. Precipitation and temperature are relatively homogeneous throughout the region.
Mean annual precipitation ranges from in the eastern parts of Formosa Province to a low of in the west and southwest. Summer witnesses the maximum precipitation. Summer rains are intense, and torrential rain is common, occasionally causing floods and soil erosion. During the winter months, precipitation is sparse. Eastern areas receive more precipitation than western areas since they are more influenced by moist air from the Atlantic Ocean, which penetrates the eastern areas more than the west, bringing in more precipitation. As a result, the vegetation differs: eastern areas are covered by forests, savannas, marshes and subtropical wet forest, and western areas are dominated by medium and low forests of mesophytic and xerophytic trees and a dense understory of shrubs and grasses. In all parts of the region, precipitation is highly variable from year to year.
The Chaco region is the hottest in Argentina, with a mean annual temperature of . With mean summer temperatures occasionally reaching , the region has the hottest summers in the country. Winters are mild and brief, with mean temperatures in July ranging from in the northern parts to in the southernmost parts. Temperatures can reach as high has in summer, and during cold waves can fall to .
Northwest
Northwest Argentina consists of the provinces of Catamarca, Jujuy, La Rioja, and western parts of Salta Province, and Tucumán Province. Although Santiago del Estero Province is part of northwest Argentina, much of the province lies in the Chaco region. Northwest Argentina is predominantly dry, hot, and subtropical. Owing to its rugged and varied topography, the region is climatically diverse, depending on the altitude, temperature and distribution of precipitation. Consequently, the vegetation will also differ. Under the Köppen climate classification, the region has five different climate types: semi–arid (BS), arid (BW), temperate without a dry season and temperate with a dry season (Cf and CW respectively), and, at the highest altitudes, an alpine.
Precipitation is highly seasonal and mostly concentrated in the summer months. It is distributed irregularly due to the country's topography although it generally decreases from east to west. The eastern slopes of the mountains receives between of precipitation a year, though some places receive up to annually owing to orographic precipitation. The high rainfall on these first slopes creates a thick jungle that extends in a narrow strip along these ranges. The temperate valleys, the location of major cities such as Salta and Jujuy, have an average precipitation ranging between , with rainfall mainly concentrated in the summer months, often falling in short but heavy bursts. Valleys in the southern parts of the region are drier than those in the north due to the greater height of the Andes and the Sierras Pampeanas on the eastern slopes than the northern mountains, presenting a significant orographic barrier that blocks moist winds from the Atlantic and Pacific oceans. These valleys receive less than of precipitation per year and are characterized by sparse vegetation adapted to the arid climate. The area further west in the Puna region, with an average altitude of , is mostly a desert due to the blocking of the easterly winds by the Andes and the northwest extension of the Sierras Pampeanas. Precipitation in the Puna region averages less than a year while high isolation, strong winds, and low humidity exacerbate the dry conditions.
Temperatures in northwest Argentina vary by altitude. The temperate valleys have a temperate climate, with mild summers and dry and cool winters with regular frosts.In the Quebrada de Humahuaca valley, mean annual temperatures range from , depending on altitude. In the Calchaquí Valleys in Salta Province, the climate is temperate and arid with large thermal amplitudes, long summers, and a long frost-free period. In the valleys in the south in La Rioja Province, Catamarca Province and the southwest parts of Santiago del Estero Province, which is part of the arid Chaco ecoregion, temperatures during the summer are very high, averaging in January while winters are mild, averaging . Cold fronts from the south bringing cold Antarctic air can cause severe frosts in the valleys of La Rioja Province and Catamarca Province. In contrast, the Zonda wind, which occurs more often during the winter months, can raise temperatures up to with strong gusts, sometimes causing crop damage. Temperatures in the Puna region are much colder, with a mean annual temperature of less than owing to the high altitude. The Puna region is characterized by being cold with a large diurnal range but sunny throughout the year.
Cuyo
The Cuyo region includes the provinces of Mendoza, San Juan, and San Luis. Western parts of La Pampa Province (as shown in map) also belong in this region, having similar climatic and soil characteristics to it. It has an arid or a semi-arid climate. The region's wide range in latitude, combined with altitudes ranging from to nearly , means that it has a variety of different climate types. In general, most of the region has a temperate climate, with valleys at higher altitudes having a milder climate. At the highest altitudes (over ), icy conditions persist year round.
Average annual precipitation ranges from , though it is generally unpredictable. More than 85% of annual rainfall occurs from October to March, which constitutes the warm season. In contrast, the winter months are dry. Eastern and southeastern areas of the region receive more precipitation than the western areas since they receive more summer rainfall. Precipitation is highly variable from year to year and appears to follow a cycle between dry and wet years in periods of about 2, 4–5, 6–8, and 16–22 years. In wet years, easterly winds caused by the subtropical South Atlantic High are stronger, causing moisture to flow towards this region; during dry years, these winds are weaker.
Summers in the region are hot and generally sunny; winters are dry and cold. Since this region has a wide range of altitudes, ranging from to nearly , temperatures can vary widely. The Sierras Pampeanas, which cross into both San Juan Province and San Luis Province, have a milder climate with mean annual temperatures ranging from . Throughout the region, the diurnal range is great, with very high temperatures during the day followed by cold nights. In all locations, at altitudes over , permafrost is present; icy conditions persist year round at altitudes over .
The Zonda, a Foehn wind characterized by warm, dry air, can cause temperatures to exceed and occasionally , as occurred in 2003. However, cold waves are also common, caused by the channeling by the Andes of cold air from the south, making for frequent cold fronts during the winter months and bringing temperatures that can fall below freezing, and occasionally below at higher altitudes.
Pampas
The Pampas includes all of Buenos Aires Province, eastern and southern Córdoba Province, eastern La Pampa Province, and southern Santa Fe Province. It is subdivided into two parts: the humid Pampas to the east, and the dry/semi–arid Pampas to the west.
The Pampas has land that is appropriate for agriculture and raising livestock. It is a mostly flat area, interrupted only by the Tandil and Ventana sierras in its southern portion. The climate of the Pampas is characterized as temperate and humid with no dry season, featuring hot summers and mild winters (Cfa/Cfb according to the Köppen climate classification). The weather in the Pampas is variable due to the contrasting air masses and frontal storms that impact the region. Annual temperatures range from in the north to in the south. Precipitation increases toward the east and ranges from under in the south and west to in the northeast. Precipitation is fairly evenly distributed throughout the year in the easternmost parts of the Pampas; in the western parts, most of the precipitation is concentrated during the summer months, and winters are drier. The Pampas are influenced by the El Niño Southern Oscillation, which is responsible for variation in annual precipitation. An El Niño year leads to higher precipitation while a La Niña year leads to lower precipitation.
Summers in the Pampas are hot and humid with coastal areas being modified by the cold Malvinas Current. Afternoon thunderstorms, which can bring intense amounts of precipitation, are common, as are heat waves that can bring temperatures in the range for a few days. These thunderstorms are known to have the most frequent lightning and highest convective cloud tops in the world. The severe thunderstorms produce intense hailstorms, floods, including flash floods, as well as the most consistently active tornado region outside the central and southeastern US. These are usually followed a day or two of strong Pampero winds from the south, which bring cool, dry air. Precipitation in the summer is high, with monthly amounts averaging between and in most places.
Autumn arrives in March and brings periods of very rainy weather followed by dry, mild stretches and cool nights. Some places in the east receive rainfall throughout autumn whereas in the west, after the rains, the weather quickly becomes very dry. Generally, frost arrives in early April in the southernmost areas, in late May in the north, and ends by mid-September, although the dates of the first and last frosts can vary from year to year. Frost is rarely intense or prolonged and may not occur each year.
Winters are mild with frequent frosts and cold spells. Temperatures are usually mild during the day and cold during the night. Most precipitation results from frontal systems associated with cyclogenesis and sudestada, which bring long periods of precipitation, cloudiness and cooler temperatures, particularly in the southern and eastern parts. Dull, gray and damp weather characterize winters in the Pampas. Occasionally, tropical air masses from the north may move southward, providing relief from the cool, damp temperatures. Snowfall is extremely rare. When it does snow, it usually lasts for only a day or two.
Patagonia
Chubut, Neuquén, Río Negro, Santa Cruz, and Tierra del Fuego are the provinces that make up Patagonia. The Patagonian climate is classified as arid to semi-arid and temperate to cool temperate. One defining characteristic are the strong winds from the west which blow year round (stronger in summer than in winter), which favors evaporation and is a factor in making the region mostly arid. There are three major factors that influence the climate of the region: the Andes, the South Pacific High and South Atlantic High, and an isolation that is more pronounced in eastern than western areas.
The north–south orientation of the Andes creates a barrier for humid air masses coming from the Pacific Ocean, forming an extensive rain shadow and causing most of the region to be arid. South of 52°S, the Andes are lower in elevation, reducing the rain shadow effect in Tierra del Fuego Province and allowing forests to thrive on the Atlantic coast. Patagonia is located between the subtropical high pressure belt and the subpolar low pressure zone, meaning it is exposed to westerly winds that are strong, since south of 40°S there is little land to block these winds. Because Patagonia is located between the semi-permanent anticyclones of the Pacific Ocean and the Atlantic Ocean at around 30°S, and the Subpolar Low at around 60°S, the movement of the high and low pressure systems along with ocean currents determine the precipitation pattern.
The influence of the Pacific Ocean, general circulation patterns, and the topographic barrier caused by the Andes results in one of the strongest precipitation gradients in the world. Precipitation steeply decreases from west to east, ranging from in the west on the Andean foothills at 41°S to in the central plateaus. The high precipitation in the Andes in this region allows forests to thrive as well as glaciers and permanent snowfields. Most of the region receives less than of precipitation per year. The aridity of the region is due to the combination of low precipitation, strong winds, and high temperatures in the summer months, all of which cause high evaporation rates. In most of Patagonia, precipitation is concentrated in the winter months, except for the northeastern and southern parts, where precipitation is more evenly distributed. Thunderstorms are infrequent, occurring only during summer. Snowfall occurs mainly in the west and south, which can result in strong snowstorms.
Patagonia's temperatures are relatively cold for its latitude due to the cold Malvinas Current (also called the Falkland(s) Current) and the high altitude. A characteristic of the temperature pattern is the NW–SE distribution of isotherms due to the presence of the Andes. The warmest parts of the region are in northern parts of Rio Negro Province and Neuquén Province, where mean annual temperatures range from , while the coldest are in western Santa Cruz Province and Tierra del Fuego Province, where mean temperatures range from . At higher altitudes in the Andes stretching from Neuquén Province to Tierra del Fuego Province, mean annual temperatures are below . Strong westerly winds can decrease the perception of temperature (wind chill), particularly in summer. The annual range of temperatures in Patagonia is lower than at similar latitudes in the northern hemisphere owing to the narrowness of the region at higher latitudes and the stronger maritime influence.
Statistics
The average annual precipitation ranges from less than in the Atacama Desert near the border with Chile to over in the northeast and along the eastern slopes of the Andes in the northern parts of the country. The Andean foothils of Patagonia in the western parts of the region can receive up to per year. Mean annual temperatures range from in the far south to in the north. Shown below are the mean monthly temperature and precipitation for selected places in Argentina along with the overall averages for the country (based on a 0.5o latitude/longitude grid). Year-round averages and totals are displayed along with conversions to imperial units.
Temperature
Precipitation
Overall averages
Extremes
High
In general, the highest temperatures in Argentina are recorded in the northern Chaco region where temperatures of have been recorded. According to the World Meteorological Organization, the highest temperature ever recorded in Argentina and South America was in Rivadavia, Salta Province on 11 December 1905. Since 1961 when nationwide temperature monitoring began, the warmest year on record is 2017 when mean temperatures nationally were above the mean national temperatures based on the 1981–2010 reference period.
Low
Patagonia and the Puna region register the lowest temperatures in Argentina where temperatures lower than have been recorded. The lowest temperature ever recorded in Argentina and South America was in Sarmiento, Chubut Province on 1 June 1907. This was recorded under standard conditions. On a national scale, the coldest year on record is 1975 when mean temperatures nationally were below the mean national temperatures based on the 1981–2010 reference period.
Precipitation
With an average annual precipitation of , Lago Frías in Río Negro Province is considered to be the wettest place in Argentina. Although an average annual precipitation of has been recorded in Lago Tromen in Neuquén Province, the validity of the data is dubious owing to fewer years of data. Lago Frías also has the record for wettest monthly precipitation in Argentina: of precipitation was recorded in May 1951. In contrast, the driest place is La Casualidad, Salta Province, which has received as low as only a of precipitation in a year. The highest recorded one-day rainfall total occurred on 2 April 2013, when of rain fell in La Plata at the La Plata Astronomical Observatory, causing massive flooding and power outages.
On a national scale, the wettest year on record is 1985 when annual precipitation in the country was 29.6% higher than the mean annual precipitation (based on a reference period of 1981–2010). The driest year on record in the country is 1988 when annual precipitation was 29.9% lower than the mean annual precipitation (based on a reference period of 1981–2010).
Other severe weather
The longest duration for a single lightning flash globally was recorded in Argentina on 18 June 2020 along the Argentina–Uruguay border, when it lasted for 17.1 seconds.
Natural disasters
Floods
Argentina's geomorphic characteristics make the country highly vulnerable to floods. These floods can damage infrastructure, cause loss of life, increase the risk of diseases, and negatively impact agricultural productivity, which is one of the main economic activities of the country. Many of the large Argentinean cities and agriculturally productive areas lie near rivers. The plains are at highest risk for flooding, particularly in the northeastern and central parts of the country, including Greater Buenos Aires. This is because these plains, which cover 35% of the land area in the country (including the Chaco and Pampean areas), are characterized by a flat landscape, which can impede proper water drainage. Both the Parana and Paraguay basins have a flat landscape and are thus highly susceptible to flooding due to river overflows following high rainfall. These floods can last for months, particularly in the Parana River, owing to its large basin. In the most extreme case, during the year 1982–1983, the floods in the Parana River persisted for more than a year, negatively impacting the area both socially and economically. Major flooding events in the Parana River include those of 1992 and 1997 and have been more frequent since the 1980s due to higher precipitation trends. Similarly, in Buenos Aires Province, flooding occurs due to river overflows and poor water drainage; major flooding events in the province occurred in 1987, 2002/2003, 2012 and in 2014, causing damage to agriculture production. Most of the flooding events occur in El Niño years owing to higher rainfall. Flooding can also affect Patagonia and urban centers in the northwest, but the number of people affected and economic losses are lower than those in the Pampas owing to lower population densities. Flooding can jeopardize access to safe water. A leptospirosis outbreak occurred following a flood in 1998.
Droughts and dust storms
Droughts are the most harmful natural disasters that are difficult to monitor, identify, analyse, and to manage. Events of droughts have considerable and serious negative impacts socially and economically. In the case of Argentina, it is highly dependent on rainfall in order to sustain production related to cereals and oilseeds. Argentina is highly dependent on water supplies originating outside its borders, making it highly vulnerable to changes in water supply due to climate change. In arid parts of the country, agricultural production is highly dependent on irrigation, making it vulnerable to droughts as they can reduce the availability of water which can negatively affect the commercial production of agricultural products or food security for smaller producers that depend on agriculture to feed their families. Droughts are frequent and devastating. Several years of droughts during the last decade have severely affected agricultural production and reduced economic growth. In 2018, a severe drought affected the country from the final months of 2017 to April 2018 was the worst in the last 50 years and one of the 10 most destructive climate related events in the world in 2018. Rainfall in some parts of the country were 50% below normal from December to February. As a result of this, yields of soybeans and maize were reduced by 31% and 20% respectively, both of which make up 37% of all of Argentina's exports. The drought lead to $6 billion in losses and caused the country to enter into a recession. It was labelled by some to be the most expensive disaster on record. Before the drought in 2018, a drought in 2009 was previously the worst drought in more than 50 years. Many cattle died of hunger, and huge swaths of soy, corn and wheat fields were affected. It was estimated that the country lost more than US$5 billion from the drought. A drought in 2011 affected farming of soy and corn, causing losses of US$2.5 billion.
Drier parts of the country are highly prone to dust storms. These include areas west of Buenos Aires, which can average more than eight dust storms per year, and parts of Patagonia, owing to its aridity and windy climate. Certain areas in the Altiplano are also highly prone to dust storms owing to extensive areas of closed depressions and the presence of salt flats that erode the rock, which becomes a source of fine material that can travel large distances during periods of strong wind. Dust storms are more frequent during droughts, particularly in agricultural areas. Dust storms can effect large areas, leading to numerous impacts. These dust storms can lead to loss of crop and livestock, affecting the local economy. Productive topsoil may be lost during dust storms, leading to loss in soil productivity, which can increase soil erosion and negatively affect crop productivity in the long term. In addition to the impact on agriculture, dust storms can damage cars and buildings, lower visibility on roads, affect air quality, and affect water quality in rivers and lakes.
Tornadoes and severe weather
Argentina experiences frequent tornadoes each year. Tornadoes occur in the South American "tornado alley" (Spanish: Pasillo de los Tornados), which includes the provinces of Entre Ríos, Córdoba Province, Santa Fe, La Pampa and Greater Buenos Aires. The frequency of tornadoes is similar to the one found in Tornado Alley in North America. However, there is no exact number of tornado occurrences per year, owing to the lack of data. These regions have the most frequent and intense mesoscale convective systems. Tornadoes occur between November and April. In this region, which occupies most of the Pampas, cold air from Patagonia meets warm, humid air from Brazil with dry air coming from the Andes. When these air masses collide, they can produce intense storms, frequently becoming supercells that can produce tornadoes. With a larger number of convective storms, there is a higher chance that some of these storms will produce tornadoes. Most tornadoes are relatively weak and rarely cause deaths. The strongest tornado recorded in Argentina occurred in 1973 when a tornado struck San Justo, Santa Fe. The tornado was an F5 on the Fujita scale, with winds up to , making it the worst tornado in Latin America and the Caribbean.
Severe storms impact large cities more often and can damage cars, houses and disrupt public services such as transportation and collection and disposal of urban solid waste. The foothills of the Andes and the Sierras de Cordoba are vulnerable to hail. This is because the Andes force humid air from the Atlantic upwards, intensifying the updrafts within thunderstorms, making hail more likely. Mendoza, a city located in the Andean foothills, experiences frequent hailstorms that can impact the agriculture of the region. Hailstorms have caused serious losses in both urban and rural areas. It is estimated that wine and fruit production experience yearly losses of US$50 million and US$30 million, respectively, due to hail. Most of these hailstorms occur in the summer although they can occur in winter, particularly in the east where warm and humid air from the north frequently collides with cold air from the south, leading to convective thunderstorms that can produce hail.
Storm surges caused by extratropical cyclones have been recorded along the coastal areas. These storm surges are formed from strong winds that blow towards the land. They are formed due to the interaction between the semi-permanent South Pacific High and a low pressure system over the Atlantic, southeast of Argentina, creating strong winds from the south or southwest. The sudestada, which brings the worst storm surges, occurs when there is a high pressure system over southern Argentina in the Atlantic Ocean that interacts with a low pressure over Uruguay and southern Brazil, causing strong winds from the southeast. Storm surges have caused flooding of coastal areas, leading to extensive property loss and other damage. It is also the main natural factor in the erosion of coastlines. The flooding as a result of storm surges are particularly destructive in flat coastal areas such as the Rio de La Plata shores, and the Salado Basin.
Snowstorms and cold waves
Argentina regularly receives cold air from the south that can reach low latitudes owing to the influence of the Andes. Cold waves are usually accompanied with severe snowstorms or extremely cold conditions that can have a devastating impact on the country's economy. These snowstorms and/or extremely cold conditions can partially or completely paralyze activities in large areas of Patagonia and the center of the country. In addition, cold conditions can lead to energy shortages during the winter months due to increased demand. The low temperatures brought by these cold waves can cause frosts that can damage plants, severely affecting agricultural production and devastating the local economy.
Climate change
According to the national government and scientists, climate change is predicted to have a significant effect on the climate of Argentina. There has been an increase in annual precipitation in almost all of Argentina during the 20th century, particularly in the northeast and the center of the country, where agricultural production has expanded to the west by more than in areas that were previously too dry during middle of the 20th century. In contrast, the Andean part of Patagonia, along with the Cuyo region, has seen a decrease in precipitation, leading to a reduction in river flow in the last 100 years. These trends were observed with an increase in the river–stream flows in most of the country, excluding rivers originating from the Andes, and an increase in extreme precipitation events that led to considerable socioeconomic losses.
Mean temperatures have increased by between 1901 and 2012, slightly lower than the global average. Temperatures in the Andean part of Patagonia have increased by more than , which has caused the retreat of almost all of the glaciers. This is affecting water availability to the arid areas of the country that depend on glacier meltwater. Higher temperatures can reduce winter snowfall, causing river flow to decrease, which in turn can reduce hydroelectric energy production; losses of up to 40% have been observed. There has been a decrease in the number of days with frost, and there have been increases in the frequency of hot nights and heat waves throughout the country.
Within the next two or three decades (2016–2035), mean temperatures are predicted to increase by under the two scenarios (RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5) from the IPCC Fifth Assessment Report. In both scenarios, the projected warming will be more pronounced during the summer months. The predicted trend for precipitation is not as clear as the one for temperature. In the northern and central regions, precipitation is predicted to increase while in most of central–western Argentina and Patagonia, precipitation is predicted to decrease.
Scientists predict that glaciers will continue to recede and melt or, in some areas, disappear. It is also predicted that the Cuyo region could face a potential water crisis due to an increase in water demand caused by a reduction in river streamflows. In the north and central parts of the country, the higher temperatures and lower precipitation projected for this region will lead to higher evaporation, intensifying droughts and leading to desertification. Heat waves could become more frequent and intense, negatively impacting agricultural production while placing more demand on energy needs. Intense precipitation could become more common, increasing the likelihood of suffering from events such as flooding, since most of its population lives in urban areas near a body of water (rivers, lakes and oceans). Though most of the coastal regions of Argentina will not suffer permanent flooding associated with sea level rise, it is predicted that storm surges will become more frequent in coastal areas, affecting locations such as Buenos Aires.
See also
Agriculture in Argentina
Servicio Meteorológico Nacional (Argentina)
Climate of Buenos Aires
Geography of Argentina
Geographical regions of Argentina
Environment of Argentina
Glaciers of Argentina
Notes
References
Works cited
Further reading
External links
General overview
Servicio Meteorológico Nacional
Descriptions of the climate in most provinces of Argentina
Centro Regional del Clima para el Sur de América del Sur
Maps and imagery
Climatic Atlas from Servicio Meteorológico Nacional
Climatic Atlas from Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria
Mean temperatures of Argentina by month
Mean precipitation of Argentina by month
Climate statistics
WMO climate normals of various stations in Argentina from the period 1981–2010 (list of stations)
WMO climate normals of various stations in Argentina from the period 1961–1990 (list of stations)
Bioclimatic data for 173 stations in Argentina
Estadísticas meteorológicas decadiales
Daily weather data in the last 365 days for stations operated by Servicio Meteorológico Nacional
Agrometeorological data for stations operated by Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria
Argentina |
44500383 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asif%20Durrani | Asif Durrani | Asif Ali Khan Durrani is the current Ambassador of Pakistan to Iran since 2016. Earlier in his career, he served as ambassador to the UAE until 2016.
Background
Durrani holds a Master's degree from the University of Balochistan in Quetta, and a Masters in International Studies and Diplomacy from the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London. He joined the Foreign Service of Pakistan in 1986. He served in various diplomatic postings in New Delhi, Tehran, New York, Kabul and London.
References
Alumni of SOAS University of London
Ambassadors of Pakistan to the United Arab Emirates
Pakistani diplomats
Pashtun people
University of Balochistan alumni
Year of birth missing (living people)
Place of birth missing (living people)
Living people |
20473893 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elza%20Medeiros | Elza Medeiros | Elza Cansanção Medeiros, popularly known as Major Elza (October 21, 1921 – December 8, 2009), was a Brazilian Army officer and World War II veteran. She was the highest-ranking female officer in the Brazilian Army with the rank of Major, having deployed to Italy during the war along with the Brazilian Expeditionary Force as a nurse. Medeiros used to lecture about the Brazilian participation in World War II.
Biography
Medeiros was born in Rio de Janeiro on October 21, 1921, the daughter of sanitary doctor Tadeu de Araújo Medeiros—a friend of Alberto Santos Dumont and direct assistant of Oswaldo Cruz in the campaign against yellow fever. At the age of nineteen, she was the first Brazilian to volunteer in the Army Health Directorate to serve in World War II. Although she dreamed of fighting on the front line, she had to settle for being one of the seventy-three nurses in the Precursor Health Detachment of the Brazilian Expeditionary Force, since the Brazilian Army at the time did not accept female combatants.
With her parents, from Alagoas, she learned to shoot, still in her teens. With the German housekeepers who served their family in the 1930s Copacabana, she learned Music and languages. By appointment of Arnon de Mello, father of President Fernando Collor de Mello, she joined the Brazilian Press Association. It premiered, with Fernando Torres, Nathalia Timberg and Sérgio Brito at the University Theater, with the play Dama da Madrugada. She graduated from the School of Nursing at the Red Cross. She graduated in Journalism from the National Faculty of Philosophy.
Her service in World War II began in Alagoas, providing relief to the shipwrecked Itapagé, torpedoed on the Brazilian coast by the German submarine U-161 commanded by Captain Albrecht Achilles.
During the conflict, she worked in evacuation hospitals in Italy, far from the front, in twelve-hour shifts, no soldier having died in her arms. She served as Liaison Officer and Chief Nurse at the 7th Station Hospital in Livorno. With the end of the conflict, she was dismissed shortly after returning to the country, and became an employee for Banco do Brasil.
In 1957, the women were reconvened and could join the military; Medeiros promptly returned to her nurse duties. Despite working for the National Intelligence Service of Brazil (SNI), she never considered abandoning her military career.
She graduated in journalism, history of the Americas, psychology, parapsychology, tourism and human relations. With knowledge of mechanics, sculpture, painting and tapestry, Medeiros traveled the world twice, having been to the Antarctic continent. She learned to fly ultralight aircraft at the age of sixty.
"Major Elza" founded and directed two magazines and signed several columns in newspapers from Rio de Janeiro and Recife, having written three books on her participation in World War II. She also presented numerous papers at military medicine congresses, with special emphasis on suggestions for the creation of a Women's Auxiliary Corps for the Armed Forces, the basis for opening the Brazilian Armed Forces to women's participation.
A member of the Alagoas Academy of Culture, she also worked towards the preservation of FEB's photographic memory.
Elza Cansanção Medeiros died on December 8, 2009, in her hometown of Rio de Janeiro.
See also
Brazilian Expeditionary Force
References
Major Elza's biography at ANVFEB
External links
National Association of Veterans of the Brazilian Expeditionary Force - ANVFEB Official website
Women in World War II
Female wartime nurses
1921 births
Brazilian military personnel of World War II
2009 deaths
World War II nurses
Brazilian nurses
Brazilian military nurses |
20473905 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois%20Cornut-Gentille | François Cornut-Gentille | François Cornut-Gentille (born 22 May 1958 in Saint-Mandé, Val-de-Marne) is a French politician of the Republicans who has been serving as a member of the National Assembly of France since 1993, representing the Haute-Marne department.
Political career
In parliament, Cornut-Gentille serves on the Finance Committee. Since the 2017 elections, he has been serving as one of the eleven deputy chairpersons of the Republicans' parliamentary group, under the leadership of chairman Christian Jacob.
His uncle was the administrator and politician Bernard Cornut-Gentille.
Political positions
In the Republicans’ 2016 presidential primaries, Cornut-Gentille endorsed Alain Juppé as the party's candidate for the office of President of France. In the Republicans’ 2017 leadership election, he endorsed Laurent Wauquiez. Ahead of the 2022 presidential elections, he publicly declared his support for Michel Barnier as the Republicans’ candidate. Ahead of the 2022 presidential elections, he publicly declared his support for Michel Barnier as the Republicans’ candidate.
References
1958 births
Living people
People from Saint-Mandé
Rally for the Republic politicians
Union for a Popular Movement politicians
The Republicans (France) politicians
Mayors of places in Grand Est
Politicians from Grand Est
Deputies of the 12th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
Deputies of the 13th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
Deputies of the 14th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
Deputies of the 15th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
Members of Parliament for Haute-Marne |
20473917 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois%20Goulard | François Goulard | François Goulard (; born 21 September 1953 in Vannes) was a member of the National Assembly of France. He represented the Morbihan department, and is a member of the Union for a Popular Movement. He has been appointed as minister of transports from 2004 to 2005 and minister of superior education from 2005 to 2007.
In November 2021, he became treasurer of Horizons, a party within President Emmanuel Macron's Ensemble Citoyens coalition.
References
1953 births
Living people
People from Vannes
Liberal Democracy (France) politicians
Union for a Popular Movement politicians
United Republic politicians
Horizons politicians
Government ministers of France
École Centrale Paris alumni
Sciences Po alumni
École nationale d'administration alumni
Deputies of the 12th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
Deputies of the 13th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic |
20473927 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois%20Grosdidier | François Grosdidier | François Grosdidier (born 25 February 1961) is a French politician. He served as mayor of Metz since 2020. He also represented he Moselle department in the Senate and is a member of The Republicans.
Early life and education
François Grosdidier is the grandson of an historian and the son of an engineer working in the iron and steel industry of Lorraine. After a bad schooling, he joined the French Air Force to serve overseas in Djibouti in 1979. He held lot of odd jobs. Then he resumed studies in public law. He was hired as city manager of Amnéville.
Part of his family have emigrated in the United States. His cousin, Pierre Grosdidier, is an attorney in Houston, Texas, and became elected councillor in the French Consulate in Houston when Damien Regnard has been inaugurated as senator representing French citizens abroad in 2018.
Political career
His first election campaign dates back to 1973, when he was 12, with Jean Kiffer, member of Parliament and mayor of Amnéville. He joined the right-wing Rally for the Republic, led by Jacques Chirac, in 1981. In 1983 he became chief of the Youth RPR of Moselle.
From 1989 to 1995 (one complete term), he was elected municipal councillor of the city of Metz, seating in the opposition to the mayor, Jean-Marie Rausch. Elected in the regional council of Lorraine in 1992, he was immediately appointed vice-president of the new president, Gérard Longuet. His regional department covered industrial reconversion, new technologies of information, training and professional learning. Reelected in 1998, he was in office until his resignation in 2002.
During the 1993 French legislative election, he contested the seat of the 1st constituency of Moselle (departement) (part and north of Metz), a left-wing workers district. He beat the outgoing Parliament member from the Socialist Party, former minister of François Mitterrand, becoming at 32 one of the youngest members of the French National Assembly.
After supporting Jacques Chirac for the 1995 French presidential election, the Prime minister Alain Juppé entrusted him for a parliamentary mission on industrial reconversion. When Jacques Chirac decided to dissolve the National Assembly in 1997, François Grosdidier lost the election against the candidate of the Socialist Party, in the second round.
He shortly came back to the local civil service after losing his seat, then he worked in the steel industry.
In March 2001, he won the municipal election in Woippy, a poor Metz suburb city, with 62% in the second round. He was elected mayor by the council in April, and was reelected in 2008 and 2014, both in the first round. During his three terms as mayor, he renovated the city housing and restored security by an increasing of number of police officers. The city has gained 4000 more inhabitants.
During the 2002 French legislative election, he won again the seat of the Moselle's 1st constituency with 55% of the vote, and was reelected again in 2007 with 52%. During his terms, he has committed to immigration issues, and was an opponent to the using of genetically modified organisms. During the 2005 French riots, he was threatened after filing a complaint against some rappers accused of racist lyrics against the French. He was a supporter of French President Nicolas Sarkozy.
From 2006 to 2009, he was president of the right-wing Union for a Popular Movement party in Moselle. From 2009 to 2018, he was designated president of the Moselle Organization of mayors, representing the interests of the 730 municipalities of this département.
During the 2011 French Senate election, (indirect election in order to renew half of the Senate), François Grosdidier contested one of the 5 seats of Moselle. He received, on a party-list proportional representation voting system, 411 votes of the 2833 local officials. He was reelected in 2017 after his first six-years term with 596 votes. In the Senate, he is vice-president of the local government committee, member of the law permanent committee. In 2018, he led an inquiry parliamentary commission about French police.
He was elected as president of The Republicans (France) party in Moselle from 2016 to 2018. He supported Alain Juppé for the 2016 The Republicans (France) presidential primary.
After his reelection as senator in 2017, he was forced to resign from his office of mayor of Woippy, due to the effective date of the 2014 law banning dual mandate for members of both houses of Parliament. However, he can remain as member of the town council.
On 29 March 2019, he announced his candidacy for mayor of the city of Metz in the 2020 election.
On the 3rd of July 2020, he officially became Mayor of Metz after being elected on the 28th of June.
References
1961 births
Living people
People from Metz
The Republicans (France) politicians
The Social Right
French Senators of the Fifth Republic
Mayors of places in Grand Est
Deputies of the 12th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
Deputies of the 13th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
Senators of Moselle (department) |
23575988 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2009%20Honda%20Indy%20Toronto | 2009 Honda Indy Toronto | The 2009 Honda Indy Toronto was the tenth round of the 2009 IndyCar Series season and took place on July 12, 2009 at the Exhibition Place temporary street circuit in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Dario Franchitti won the race, to join Chip Ganassi Racing teammate Scott Dixon as the only three-time winners in the 2009 season. Franchitti also regained the points lead from Dixon, leading the championship by two points as the championship heads to Edmonton. Ryan Briscoe finished second for the fifth time in the last six races, with Penske Racing teammate Will Power third on his return to the series.
The 2009 race was a resumption of the Toronto Grand Prix after a one-year hiatus due to the unification of the Champ Car World Series into IndyCar during the 2008 season, during which a Toronto Grand Prix was not held due to scheduling conflicts.
Grid
Race
Standings after the race
Drivers' Championship standings
References
Honda Indy Toronto
Indy Toronto
Honda Indy Toronto
Honda Indy Toronto
Honda Indy Toronto |
44500400 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harley%20Gaber | Harley Gaber | Harley Gaber (June 5, 1943 – June 16, 2011) was a visual artist and composer known for his minimalist and spectral approaches to time and sound. With his emphasis on quiet sustained sonorities and textures, Gaber is counted among the early American minimalist composers, and considered to be a forerunner of drone and spectralism. His best known recorded composition, The Winds Rise in the North, has been called by musician Keith Fullerton Whitman "one of the holy grails of minimalism in music in the 20th century."
In 1978, he stopped composing, moved from New York City to San Diego, California, and began creating photo-collages, mixed media collages, paintings, and pen-and-ink works he called graphic music. However, in 1993 he started work on Die Plage (The Plague), an art-historical narrative of Germany from the Weimar Republic to the end of World War II, completing it in 2002. It grew to become a massive work of approximately 4,200 photomontaged canvases measuring .
In the final three years of his life Gaber composed two works: I Saw My Mother Ascending Mt Fuji and In Memoriam 2010. The album of his last work was released two weeks before Gaber committed suicide in June 2011.
Artistic and musical influences
Artistic influences
German Expressionism and Dada are the artistic movements that most influenced him. The particular artists that critics cite as evident in Gaber's work are Otto Dix, George Grosz, and Ernst Ludwig Kirchner. The photomontage works of John Heartfield and Hannah Höch influenced him greatly, as did their use of photographs to subvert and criticize their subject matter.
Musical influences
Horace Reisburg, Gaber's music teacher at New Trier High School from 1958 to 1961 in Winnetka, Illinois, encouraged him to continue his studies at the Aspen Institute with Darius Milhaud in the summer of 1961. Gaber enrolled that fall in the University of Illinois, Champaign-Urbana, where he studied first with Lajaren Hiller. But the faculty member who influenced Gaber the most was Kenneth Gaburo. The two formed a life-long friendship in which they investigated and challenged each other's basic aesthetic assumptions. In 1963, he moved to Rome to pursue further studies in composition with Aldo Clementi, Franco Evangelisti, Boris Poorena and Giulio Rotoli. On concluding his studies in 1964, he returned to the U.S., settling in New York City. From 1964 to 1966, Gaber studied with William J. Sydeman, who was on the faculty of the Mannes College of Music. Gaber was influenced by the creative ferment among fellow composers in the minimalist music world of New York City, especially Morton Feldman.
Works
Artistic works
Gaber's visual art work took many forms, including photography, pen and ink, collage, photomontage and drawings. His pen-and-ink drawings of graphic music were first exhibited in a group show in Bern, Switzerland, in 1974. By April 1976, his graphic music work was featured in a solo exhibition at Gallery 219 in Buffalo, New York. In September 1976, the Alternative Center for International Arts, now known as the Alternative Museum, mounted a solo show of his drawings and graphic music.
After moving to San Diego in 1982, Gaber turned to photography as his favored medium. By 1985, his experiments with photomontage led to acquisition of one of his works and its inclusion in an exhibit by the Museum of Photographic Arts in San Diego's Balboa Park, California. In the late 1980s, he experimented with mixed media collage and wood constructions. Both the wood and mixed media works led to exhibits in San Diego, California and Santa Fe, New Mexico in 1990 and 1991.
In 1993, Gaber started work on what would become his magnum opus, Die Plage (The Plague). This work soon became the center of Gaber's efforts, displacing his work in all other media. When he completed it in 2002, it was composed of about 4,200 canvases, each measuring . Gaber used xerography to modify photographs, and then combined them on canvas using photomontage and charcoal. The work is ordered in chronological sequence, starting with Weimar Republic and ending at the conclusion of World War II. When exhibited in its entirety, with canvases arranged in rows five high, the work runs nearly in length.
In 1995, Southwestern College in Chula Vista, California, mounted an exhibit of the first 950 canvases—its first public showing. Art critic Jonathan Saville, writing for the San Diego Reader, wrote:
From September23 to October21, 2000, The Lab in Los Angeles, California exhibited roughly 700 canvases from all sections of the work done to date. Leah Ollman, an art critic for the Los Angeles Times, wrote:
Selected exhibitions and awards
Group Show, Music Notation and Graphic Music, Bern, Switzerland (1974).
Solo Exhibition, Graphics and Graphic Music, Gallery 219, Buffalo, NY (April 1976).
Solo Exhibition, Graphics and Graphic Music, Alternative Center for International Arts, New York City, NY (September 1976).
Solo Exhibition, SX70 Polaroid, Athenaeum Music and Arts Library, San Diego, CA (1983).
Group Show, 42 San Diego Artists, Photo-Collages, La Jolla Museum of Contemporary Art, San Diego, CA (1985).
Solo Exhibition, Graphic Music, Graphics, Photo-Collages, SX70 Polaroid and 35MM Photography, Photography Gallery, San Diego, CA (1985).
Group Show, Photo-Collages, Museum of Photographic Arts Permanent Collection Show, San Diego, CA (1985).
Solo Exhibition, Paintings and Mixed-Media Collages, Gwydion Gallery, San Diego, CA (1989).
Solo Exhibition, Paintings, Wood Construction Pieces and Mixed-Media Collages, R.B. Stevenson Gallery, San Diego, CA (1990).
Group Show, Mixed-Media Collages and Paper Cutouts, Hartman & Company Gallery, San Diego, CA (1994).
Die Plage (The Plague) Installation, Southwestern College, San Diego, CA (1995).
Die Plage (The Plague) Anne Frank Installation, Coastal Repertory Theater, to accompany a production of Diary of Anne Frank, Half Moon Bay, CA (1997).
Die Plage (The Plague) Anne Frank Installation, Newport, OR (2000, Grant: Collins Foundation).
Die Plage (The Plague) Installation, The Laboratory, Los Angeles, CA (2000).
Musical works
Gaber's first recorded composition, Ludus Primus: Two Flutes and Vibraphone, (1966) was followed by Chimyaku: Solo Alto Flute (1968), Kata: Solo Violin for (1969) and Michi: Solo Violin (1969). Composer Eric Richards described Gaber's minimalist music as an effort to "get inside the music." He notated minute directions for the attack, dynamic changes, and other physical characteristics of each and every note, in ways that, while they might have superficially resembled some of the serial music of that time, were really his attempt to get beyond appearances, and slow down the sense of time in the music through a deeper investigation of the sound itself.
His compositions in the 1970s were mainly for strings, and in these works, he strived to suspend time. The Winds Rise in the North: String Quintet (1974), Sovereign of the Centre (1972) and Indra's Net (1974) are considered to be his most significant compositions. These minimalist works reflected Gaber's study of Buddhism."
Harley Gaber resumed composing in 2008, after receiving a commission from William Hellerman of the Downtown Ensemble, resulting in Webern's Gambit, a multi-media work for film and cello. It associated film imagery, including old German footage and recordings, with a cello part derived from pitches in a movement of Anton Webern's Piano Variations. In 2009, Harley Gaber composed I Saw My Mother Ascending Mt. Fuji using GarageBand to assemble and rework existing acoustic sound sources, in a manner similar to his visual photomontage works. It was produced by Philip Blackburn, and released on Innova Recordings. In 2011, Innova Recordings also published In Memoriam 2010, a work commissioned by the Dan J. Epstein Family Foundation in memory of his mother.
Gaber's contributions as a composer were described by Shane Mack, in the obituary which he wrote for the British music publication, The Wire: he and his music shared the same complex personality, uncompromised by marketing concerns or wanting to fit into any scene.... it is the high level of perfectly-realised thoughts in sound, that could only have sprung from his fragile life of outsider-dom, that ensures his stature as one of America's most important artists.
Major performances of his work were produced on May 13, 1977, by the New York Philharmonic Chamber Ensemble, conducted by Pierre Boulez; the Berlin Festival; the Tanglewood Music Festival; the Once Festival at the University of Michigan; the Kitchen in New York City; Evenings for New Music in Buffalo and New York City.
Selected compositions and recordings
Ludus Primus: Two Flutes and Vibraphone (1966), on Gaber/Hellerman/Zonn. New York: New World Records, NWCRL299. Reissue of 1972 LP on Composers Recordings Inc. Score published by Lingua Press.
Chimyaku: Solo Alto Flute (1968) Score published by Lingua Press.
Kata: Solo Violin (1969), On Gaber/Hellerman/Zonn. New York: New World Records, NWCRL299. Reissue of 1972 LP on Composers Recordings Inc. Score published by Lingua Press.
Koku: Solo Flute (1970)
Michi: Solo Violin (1972) Score published by Lingua Press.
Sovereign of the Centre: Four Violins (1972), Berlin: Edition RZ, ed. RZ 4008–9. Reissue with additional notes, of 1976 LP on Titanic Records.
The Winds Rise in the North: String Quintet (1974), Berlin: Edition RZ, ed. RZ 4008–9. Reissue with additional notes, of 1976 LP on Titanic Records. Reissue on CD in 2007 by Edition RZ.
The Realm of Indra's Net (1974), Berlin: Edition RZ, ed. RZ 1022. 2010
I Saw My Mother Ascending Mt. Fuji (2009), St. Paul, MN: Innova Recordings, 231. 2010.
In Memoriam 2010 (2011), Minneapolis: St. Paul, MN: Innova Recordings, 243. 2011.
Legacy
In recognition of his contributions, Gaber was the subject of a symposium at The Tectonics Festival, New York, on May 24, 2014. A panel on Gaber's life and works was moderated by composer Eric Richards, with discussants Paul Paccione, Ned Sublette and Bill Hellerman.
References
External links
Minimalist composers
1943 births
2011 deaths
Experimental composers
American contemporary artists
Artists from California
Suicides in New Mexico
Male classical composers
20th-century male musicians
Political artists
2011 suicides |
20473938 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois%20Loncle | François Loncle | François Loncle (born October 21, 1941) is a French politician. He represented the 4th constituency of the Eure department in the National Assembly of France from 1997 to 2017 as a member of the Socialist Party.
Biography
François Loncle was born October 21, 1941 in Enghien-les-Bains (France).
He was a student at the Paris Law Faculty and graduated from Centre de formation des journalistes in 1963.
He is married and father of three children.
He started out as a journalist the Paris Normandie. In 1964 he served at the Office de Radiodiffusion Télévision Française where he hosted a program of exchange (la Bourse), he reported later of Service economy of news broadcasts «20 heures» and participated in news broadcasts «Panorama». In July 1968 consequently of strike he was discharged with 120 others journalists by order of government Georges Pompidou.
At the end of 1969 he was employed by Eugène Descamps as a presse officer of the CFDT that he located to 1970.
In 1971 he founded a study and action radical-socialist group with some members of the Radical Party. This became the Radical Party of the Left. He served as National Secretary until 1981.
Supported by Pierre Mendès France he was elected a deputy to the department of Eure a fourth election district on 21 June 1981. After this election he joins the Socialist Party. He was re-elected a deputy in 1986 and 1988. Beaten during a historical defeat of the left in 1993, he was re-elected again in 1997 following a dissolution of the National Assembly settled by President of France Jacques Chirac, re-elected again in 2002, 2007 and 2012.
In 1992 he was appointed Secretary of State in the Bérégovoy's Government.
From 1997 he became a member of the Foreign Affairs Committee, the National Assembly so he served as chairman between 5 April 2000 and 18 June 2002.
Until 2017 he was President of the friendship group Burkina Faso, Vice-president of the friendships groups Serbia, Estonia, Costa Rica, New Zealand, Mauritania, Uganda and Syria, Secretary of the friendship group France-Mali, Vice-president of the study group of international vocation of issues related to the economic expansion in Taiwan, member of the study group of the Tibet question, from 2011 he is a speaker of the working group of Sahel Security, member of the investigation Committee about supervision of jihadists communications and of the Mission of information about Libya in the National Assembly.
He was Vice-president of a French delegation of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe.
Position statement
In 2010 he supported Laurent Gbagbo and contested the victory of his rival Alassane Ouattara in Ivory Coast.
On 17 March 2016 with 19 others socialist deputies he gave an option for withdrawal of amendment, supported by the government, interdicting the fishing at the depth of more than 800 metres.
He favoured Emmanuel Macron for the presidential election 2017.
He supported Bruno Questel for the legislative election 2017
Political mandates
Former governmental functions
4 Juin 1992 - 26 December 1992: Minister of City Affairs
26 December 1992 - 29 March 1993: Minister of Planning
Parliamentary mandates
21 Juin 1981 - 1 April 1986: Deputy of Eure
12 Juin 1988 - 3 July 1992: Deputy of Eure
(Nomination in Government)
1 Juin 1997 - 18 Juin 2002: Deputy of Eure
From 2002: Deputy of Eure
Former local mandates
14 Juin 1982 - 19 March 1989: Mayor of Brionne (Eure)
3 October 1988 - 26 May 1989: General councillor of Eure
22 March 1989 - 18 Juin 1995: Mayor of Brionne (Eure)
19 Juin 1995 - 18 March 2001: Assistant Mayor of Louviers (Eure)
2001 - 2008: Municipal councillor of Louviers (Eure)
Community councillor of Agglomeration communities the Seine-Eure
The laureate of Political humor Grand Prix
In 2011 the jury of Political humor Grand Prix awarded to him the diploma of special merit as deputy champion of written questions to government remains unanswered but published in the Official Journal.
He was awarded in 2005 by the same jury for saying the former Prime minister Dominique Galouzeau de Villepin: «He has the name of the horse but he has never raced», referring to the fact that the latter never presented to least election.
References
External links
Official page at the French National Assembly
1941 births
Living people
People from Enghien-les-Bains
Politicians from Île-de-France
Socialist Party (France) politicians
Deputies of the 12th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
Deputies of the 13th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
Deputies of the 14th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
Secretaries of State of France |
44500401 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smiling%20Girl | Smiling Girl | The Smiling Girl, thought to be by Johannes Vermeer, was donated by collector Andrew W. Mellon in 1937 to the National Gallery of Art in Washington, D.C. Now widely considered to be a fake, the painting was claimed by Vermeer expert Arthur K. Wheelock Jr. in a 1995 study to be by 20th-century artist and forger Theo van Wijngaarden, a friend of Han van Meegeren.
References
See also
False Vermeers
Painting forgeries
Collections of the National Gallery of Art |
20473944 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois%20Rochebloine | François Rochebloine | François Rochebloine (born October 31, 1945 in Saint-Chamond, Loire) is a former member of the National Assembly of France. He represented Loire's 3rd constituency, and is a member of the New Centre. The Azerbaijani government has blacklisted Rochebloine who visited Nagorno-Karabakh in June 2010 without Baku’s permission.
References
1945 births
Living people
People from Saint-Chamond
Politicians from Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes
Union for French Democracy politicians
The Centrists politicians
Democratic European Force politicians
Union of Democrats and Independents politicians
Deputies of the 9th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
Deputies of the 10th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
Deputies of the 11th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
Deputies of the 12th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
Deputies of the 13th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
Deputies of the 14th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic |
20473952 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois%20Scellier | François Scellier | François Scellier (born May 7, 1936 in Amiens, Somme) was a member of the National Assembly of France from 2002 to 2017, representing the 6th constituency of the Val-d'Oise department, as a member of the Radical Party.
References
1936 births
Living people
People from Amiens
Radical Party (France) politicians
Union for a Popular Movement politicians
Deputies of the 12th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
Deputies of the 13th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
Deputies of the 14th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic |
20473961 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois%20Vannson | François Vannson | François Vannson (born October 20, 1962 in Épinal) was a member of the National Assembly of France. He represented the Vosges department from 1993 to 2017 as a member of the Union for a Popular Movement.
References
1962 births
Living people
People from Épinal
Rally for the Republic politicians
Union for a Popular Movement politicians
The Popular Right
Deputies of the 12th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
Deputies of the 13th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
Deputies of the 14th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic |
44500403 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear%20Safety%2C%20Research%2C%20Demonstration%2C%20and%20Development%20Act%20of%201980 | Nuclear Safety, Research, Demonstration, and Development Act of 1980 | Nuclear Safety, Research, Demonstration, and Development Act of 1980, 42 U.S.C. § 9701, established nuclear safety policy for nuclear power plants supplying electric energy and electricity generation within the United States. The Act authorized a five-year demonstration program simulating conditions with light water nuclear reactors for the observation of control monitoring and phases of operation for nuclear reactor cores. The U.S. Department of Energy was authorized by the Act of Congress to conduct the nuclear reactor demonstration study while establishing a reactor engineering simulator facility at a United States national laboratory. The nuclear safety demonstration program was to provide research data regarding reactor design and simplification improvements given thermal power station simulations subjecting nuclear reactors to hypothesized calamity and customary operating conditions.
The H.R. 7865 legislation was passed by the 96th U.S. Congressional session and enacted by the 39th President of the United States Jimmy Carter on December 22, 1980.
Proclamation of the Act
Congressional Objectives
42 U.S.C. Chapter 104 § 9701
(a) Congress finds that —
(1) Nuclear energy is one of the two major energy sources available for electric energy production in the United States during the balance of the 20th century.
(2) Continued development of nuclear power is dependent upon maintaining an extremely high level of safety in the operation of nuclear plants, and on public recognition that these facilities do not constitute a significant threat to human health or safety.
(3) It is the responsibility of utilities, as owners and operators of nuclear powerplants, to assure that such plants are designed and operated safely and reliably.
(4) A proper role of the Federal Government in assuring nuclear powerplant safety, in addition to its regulatory function, is the conduct of a research, development, and demonstration program to provide important scientific and technical information which can contribute to sound design and safe operation of these plants.
(b) It is declared to be the policy of the United States and the purpose of this Act to establish a research, development, and demonstration program for developing practical improvements in the generic safety of nuclear power plants during the next five years, beginning in the fiscal year 1981. The objectives of such program shall be —
(1) To reduce the likelihood and severity of potentially serious nuclear power plant accidents
(2) To reduce the likelihood of disrupting the population in the vicinity of nuclear power plants as the result of nuclear power plant accidents. Nothing in this Act shall be construed as preventing the Secretary from undertaking projects or activities, in addition to those specified in this Act, which appropriately further the purpose and objectives set forth in this Act. Nothing in this Act shall authorize the Secretary to assume responsibility for the management, cleanup or repair of any commercial nuclear power plant. Nothing in this Act shall be construed as limiting the authority of the Secretary under any other law.
Definitions
42 U.S.C. Chapter 104 § 9702
For the purposes of this Act —
(1) "Secretary" means the Secretary of U.S. Department of Energy
(2) "Government agency" means any department, agency, commission, or independent establishment in the United States federal executive departments, or any corporation, wholly or partly owned by the United States, which is an instrumentality of the United States, or any board, bureau, division, service, office, officer, authority, administration, or other establishment in the executive branch of the Federal Government
(3) "Commission" means the Nuclear Regulatory Commission
(4) "Advisory Committee" means the Advisory Committee on reactor safeguards established by the Atomic Energy Act of 1954
Establishment of Research, Development, and Demonstration Program for Improving the Safety of Nuclear Power Plants
42 U.S.C. Chapter 104 § 9703
(a) The Secretary shall establish a research, development, and demonstration program to carry out the purpose of this Act. As part of such program, the Secretary shall at a minimum —
(1) Refine further the assessment of risk factors associated with the generic design and operation of nuclear power plants to determine the degree and consequences of propagation of failures of systems, subsystems, and components, including consideration of the interaction between the primary and secondary systems
(2) Develop potentially cost beneficial changes in the generic design and operation of nuclear power plants that can —
(A) Significantly reduce the risks from unintentional release of radioactive material from the various engineered barriers of nuclear power plants
(B) Reduce the radiation exposure to workers during plant operation and maintenance
(3) Develop potentially cost beneficial generic methods and designs that will significantly improve the performance of operators of nuclear power plants under routine, abnormal, and accident conditions
(4) Identify the effect of total or partial automation of generic plant systems on reactor safety, operation, reliability, economics, and operator performance
(5) Conduct further experimental investigations under abnormal operational and postulated accident conditions primarily for light water reactors to determine the consequences of such conditions. These investigations shall include, but not be limited to the following :
(A) Fuel element failure at higher than standard burn-up levels
(B) Fuel cladding interactions
(C) Fuel and cladding interactions with coolant under various temperatures and pressures
(D) Thermohydraulics behavior in the reactor core
(E) Mechanisms to suppress and control the generation of hydrogen gas
(F) Improved instrumentation for monitoring reactor cores
(G) Engineered barrier failure modes
(H) Nuclear fission product release and transport from failed fuel
(6) Provide for the examination and analysis of any nuclear power plant fuel, component, or system which the Secretary deems to offer significant benefit in safety analysis and which is made available to the Secretary for a nominal cost, such as $1: Provided, however. That the Secretary shall accept only the number of samples of such fuel, component, or system necessary to carry out such examination and analysis
(7) Identify the aptitudes, training, and manning levels which are necessary to assure reliable operator performance under normal, abnormal, and emergency conditions.
(b) In carrying out the generic safety research, development, and demonstration program established under this Act, the Secretary —
(1) Shall coordinate with the Commission and, to the extent necessary, enter into a new memorandum of understanding or revise existing memoranda for the purpose of eliminating unnecessary duplication and avoiding programmatic conflict with any reactor safety research program of the Commission, including the Improved Safety Systems Research program
(2) Shall, to the extent practical, coordinate his activities with such other Government agencies, foreign governments, and industry as the Secretary deems appropriate to utilize their expertise, to minimize duplication of effort, and to ensure that information useful for improved concepts applicable to nuclear power plant safety can be applied in a timely manner. The Secretary may enter into agreements and memoranda of understanding to accomplish these ends, but no such agreement shall have the effect of delaying the development and implementation of programs authorized under this Act
(3) Shall utilize, to the extent feasible, underutilized federally owned research reactors and facilities, along with the associated personnel, to maintain existing capabilities and to ensure that the research is generic in nature
(4) Shall make such recommendations as are practical to minimize the complexity of nuclear power plant systems, including secondary systems, and operations
National Reactor Engineering Simulator
42 U.S.C. Chapter 104 § 9704
(a) The Secretary, in consultation with the Commission and the Advisory Committee, shall initiate a study of the need for and feasibility of establishing a reactor engineering simulator facility at a national laboratory, for the primary purpose of fostering research in generic design improvements and simplifications through the simulation of the performance of various types of light water reactors under a wide variety of abnormal conditions and postulated accident conditions.
(b) In performing the study, the Secretary shall consider relevant factors including, but not limited to —
(1) The potential advantages that would accrue from the establishment of such a facility
(2) The extent to which such a facility would further the generic safety research and development program established by this Act
(3) The extent to which such a facility can be established by nongovernmental entities
(4) The opportunities for cost sharing by nongovernmental entities in the construction and operation of such a facility
(5) The importance of such a facility in emergencies to limit the extent of any future nuclear power plant excursions
(6) The potential for international cooperation in the establishment and operation of such a facility
(7) The appropriate national laboratory for siting such a facility
(c) The Secretary shall, by January 1, 1982, submit to the Committee on Science and Technology of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources of the Senate a report characterizing the study and the resulting conclusions and recommendations.
Federal Nuclear Operations Corps
42 U.S.C. Chapter 104 § 9705
(a) The Secretary, in cooperation with the Nuclear Regulatory Commission, shall initiate a study as to the sufficiency of efforts in the United States to provide specially trained professionals to operate the controls of nuclear power plants and other facilities in the back-end of the nuclear fuel cycle. In carrying out the study, the Secretary shall coordinate activities with the ongoing programs of the utility industry and other Federal governmental agencies for obtaining high standards of operator performance.
(b) For the purpose of this Act —
(1) In conducting the study the Secretary shall assess the desirability and feasibility of creating a Federal Corps of such professionals to inspect and supervise such operations
(2) The assessment shall consider the establishment of an academy to train Corps professionals in all aspects of nuclear technology, nuclear operations, nuclear regulatory and related law, and health science
(3) The assessment shall include the appropriate organizational approach for the establishment of a Federal Corps within the executive branch
(c) The Secretary shall complete the study within one year after the date of enactment of this Act and shall submit a report along with the Secretary's recommendations to the Congress.
Reports and Dissemination of Information
42 U.S.C. Chapter 104 § 9706
Secretary shall assure that full and complete safety related information resulting from any project or other activity conducted under this Act is made available in a timely manner to appropriate committees of Congress, Federal, State, and local authorities, relevant segments of private industry, the scientific community, and the public.
Comprehensive Program Management Plan
42 U.S.C. Chapter 104 § 9707
(a) The Secretary is authorized and directed to prepare a comprehensive program management plan for the conduct of research, development, and demonstration activities under this Act consistent with the provisions of the Program for Improving the Safety of Nuclear Power Plants. In the preparation of such plan, the Secretary shall consult with the Commission and the Advisory Committee and with the heads of such other Government agencies and such public and private organizations as the Secretary deems appropriate.
(b) The Secretary shall transmit the comprehensive program management plan along with any comments by the Commission on the plan to the Committee on Science and Technology of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources and the Committee on Environment and Public Works of the Senate within twelve months after the date of the enactment of this Act. Revisions to the plan shall be transmitted to such committees whenever deemed appropriate by the Secretary.
(c) Concurrently with the submission of the President's annual budget to the Congress for each year after the year in which the comprehensive plan is initially transmitted under subsection (b), the Secretary shall transmit to the Congress a detailed description of the comprehensive plan as then in effect. The detailed description of the comprehensive plan under this subsection shall include, but need not be limited to, a statement setting forth any change in —
(1) The program strategies and plans, including detailed milestone goals to be achieved during the next fiscal year for all major activities and projects
(2) The economic, environmental, and societal significance which the program may have
(3) The total estimated cost of individual program items
(4) The estimated relative financial contributions of the Federal Government and non-Federal participants in the program.
Such description shall also include a detailed justification of any such changes, a description of the progress made toward achieving the goals of this Act, a statement on the status of interagency cooperation in meeting such goals, and any legislative or other recommendations which the Secretary may have to help attain such goal.
Authorization of Appropriations
42 U.S.C. Chapter 104 § 9708
There is authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry out this Act such sums as may be authorized by legislation hereafter enacted.
Project 78-3-b, authorized by section 102 of Public Law 95-238, the fusion materials irradiation test facility, is hereby designated as the "Mike McCormack Fusion Materials Test Facility". Any reference in any law, regulation, map, record, or other document of the United States to the fusion materials irradiation test facility shall be considered a reference to the "Mike McCormack Fusion Materials Test Facility".
Nuclear Energy Safety History
There have been studies that indicate nuclear energy may be one of the safest methods of energy production, resulting in a net decrease in human deaths.
According to an article published by NASA,
See also
Boiling water reactor safety systems
Caesium-137
Chicago Pile-1
Control rod
High-level radioactive waste management
International Nuclear Event Scale
List of civilian nuclear accidents
Nuclear and radiation accidents and incidents
Nuclear licensing
Nuclear reactor accidents in the United States
Nuclear reactor safety systems
Nuclear safety in the United States
Passive nuclear safety
Price–Anderson Nuclear Industries Indemnity Act
Reactor protection system
Three Mile Island accident
References
External links
1980 in American law
96th United States Congress
Nuclear history of the United States
Nuclear energy in the United States
Nuclear safety and security
Nuclear technology in the United States
United States federal energy legislation
Presidency of Jimmy Carter
1980 in the environment |
6904049 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modern%20Greek%20phonology | Modern Greek phonology | This article deals with the phonology and phonetics of Standard Modern Greek. For phonological characteristics of other varieties, see varieties of Modern Greek, and for Cypriot, specifically, see .
Consonants
Greek linguists do not agree on which consonants to count as phonemes in their own right, and which to count as conditional allophones. The table below is adapted from , who considers the palatals and both affricates, and , to be allophonic.
The alveolar nasal is assimilated to following obstruents; it can be labiodental (e.g. 'doubt'), dental (e.g. 'flower'), retracted alveolar (e.g. 'pliers'), alveolo-palatal (e.g. 'to annoy'), or velar (e.g. 'stress').
Voiceless stops are unaspirated and with a very short voice onset time. They may be lightly voiced in rapid speech, especially when intervocalic. 's exact place of articulation ranges from alveolar to denti-alveolar, to dental. It may be fricated in rapid speech, and very rarely, in function words, it is deleted. and are reduced to lesser degrees in rapid speech.
Voiced stops are prenasalised (which is reflected in the orthography) to varying extents, and sometimes not at all. The nasal component—when present—does not increase the duration of the stop's closure; as such, prenasalised voiced stops would be most accurately transcribed or , depending on the length of the nasal component. Word-initially and after or , they are very rarely, if ever, prenasalised. In rapid and casual speech, prenasalisation is generally rarer, and voiced stops may be lenited to fricatives. This also accounts for Greeks having trouble disambiguating voiced stops, nasalised voiced stops, and nasalised voiceless stops in borrowings and names from foreign languages; for example, d, nd, and nt, which are all written ντ in Greek.
and are somewhat retracted (); they are produced in between English alveolars and postalveolars . is variably fronted or further retracted depending on environment, and, in some cases, it may be better described as an advanced postalveolar ().
The only Greek rhotic is prototypically an alveolar tap , often retracted (). It may be an alveolar approximant intervocalically, and is usually a trill in clusters, with two or three short cycles.
Greek has palatals that contrast with velars before , but in complementary distribution with velars before front vowels . and occur as allophones of and , respectively, in (consonant–glide–vowel) clusters, in analyses that posit an archiphoneme-like glide that contrasts with the vowel . All palatals may be analysed in the same way. The palatal stops and fricatives are somewhat retracted, and and are somewhat fronted. is best described as a postalveolar, and as alveolo-palatal.
Finally, Greek has two phonetically affricate clusters, and . is reluctant to treat these as phonemes on the grounds of inconclusive research into their phonological behaviour.
The table below, adapted from , displays a near-full array of consonant phones in Standard Modern Greek.
Sandhi
Some assimilatory processes mentioned above also occur across word boundaries. In particular, this goes for a number of grammatical words ending in , most notably the negation particles and and the accusative forms of the personal pronoun and definite article and . If these words are followed by a voiceless stop, either assimilates for place of articulation to the stop, or is altogether deleted, and the stop becomes voiced. This results in pronunciations such as ('the father' ACC) or ('it doesn't matter'), instead of and . The precise extent of assimilation may vary according to dialect, speed and formality of speech. This may be compared with pervasive sandhi phenomena in Celtic languages, particularly nasalisation in Irish and in certain dialects of Scottish Gaelic.
Vowels
Greek has a system of five vowels . The first two have qualities approaching their respective cardinal vowels , the mid vowels are true-mid and the open is near-open central
There is no phonemic length distinction, but vowels in stressed syllables are pronounced somewhat longer than in unstressed syllables. Furthermore, vowels in stressed syllables are more peripheral, but the difference is not large. In casual speech, unstressed and in the vicinity of voiceless consonants may become devoiced or even elided.
Modern Greek retains the fricativization that has existed in many varieties of Greek since at least the first century BCE. The phonetic values of ⟨αυ⟩, ⟨ευ⟩ and ⟨ηυ⟩ are , and when they appear before a voiced vowel and , and otherwise (before voiceless vowels).
Stress
Unlike Ancient Greek, which had a pitch accent system, Modern Greek has variable (phonologically unpredictable) stress. Every multisyllabic word carries stress on one of its three final syllables. Enclitics form a single phonological word together with the host word to which they attach, and count towards the three-syllable rule too. In these cases, primary stress shifts to the second-to-last syllable (e.g. 'my car'). Phonetically, stressed syllables are longer, or carry higher amplitude, or both.
The position of the stress can vary between different inflectional forms of the same word within its inflectional paradigm. In some paradigms, the stress is always on the third last syllable, shifting its position in those forms that have longer affixes (e.g. 'I called' vs. 'we called'; 'problem' vs. 'problems'). In some word classes, stress position also preserves an older pattern inherited from Ancient Greek, according to which a word could not be accented on the third-from-last syllable if the last syllable was long, e.g. ('man', nom. sg., last syllable short), but ('of men', gen. pl., last syllable long). However, in Modern Greek this rule is no longer automatic and does not apply to all words (e.g. 'monk', 'of monks'), as the phonological length distinction itself no longer exists.
Sample
This sample text, the first sentence of Aesop's fable "The North Wind and the Sun" in Greek, and the accompanying transcription, are adapted from .
Orthographic version
Transcription
Notes
References
Further reading
External links
About the Greek Language – Harry Foundalis
Segmentals and suprasegmentals in Modern Greek with pronunciation
Phonology
Greek phonologies |
44500410 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earl%20and%20Darielle%20Linehan%20Concert%20Hall | Earl and Darielle Linehan Concert Hall | The Earl and Darielle Linehan Concert Hall, previously known as the UMBC Concert Hall is the main theater of the University of Maryland, Baltimore County campus in Baltimore, Maryland. The theater is located in the Performing Arts and Humanities Building, the university's home for Ancient Studies, Dance, English, Music, Philosophy, and Theatre departments. The theater is the designated concert hall for the university's symphony orchestra and other ensembles.
Construction began in 2012 and was completed in the fall of 2014. The concert hall provides space for an orchestra, stage, and seating up to 375 individuals.
Awards
Along with the rest of the Performing Arts and Humanities Building, the Concert Hall was issued LEED silver status by the U.S. Green Building Council (USGBC).
In addition, the building was giver the Higher Education Design Award by the American Institute of Architects Baltimore Chapter.
References
University of Maryland, Baltimore County
Music venues in Baltimore
Tourist attractions in Baltimore |
44500415 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prvn%C3%AD%20parta%20%28film%29 | První parta (film) | První parta is a 1959 Czechoslovak drama film directed by Otakar Vávra.
Cast
Eduard Cupák as Stanislav Pulpán
Gustáv Valach as Adam
Jaroslav Vojta as Suchánek
Rudolf Deyl as Falta
Jaroslav Rozsíval as Martínek
Milan Kindl as Matula
Bohus Záhorský as Anders
Marie Tomášová as Adamová
Vladimír Ráž as Ing. Hansen
Miriam Kantorková as Hansenová
František Vnouček as Director of the mine
References
External links
1959 films
1959 drama films
Czechoslovak films
1950s Czech-language films
Films directed by Otakar Vávra |
44500419 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlos%20Rodr%C3%ADguez%20Guevara | Carlos Rodríguez Guevara | Carlos Rodríguez Guevara (born 19 December 1969) is a Mexican politician from the National Action Party. In 2009 he served as Deputy of the LX Legislature of the Mexican Congress representing Guanajuato.
References
1969 births
Living people
Politicians from Guanajuato
Members of the Chamber of Deputies (Mexico)
National Action Party (Mexico) politicians
21st-century Mexican politicians |
20473962 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linda%20Wang | Linda Wang | Linda Hsien Wang is an American actress. She traces her ancestry to Shanghai and Shandong, she was raised in Queens, New York. Also known as Linda Wang, Linda H. Wang and Wáng Xiànlíng (王憲苓). She has been profiled in Chinese-language media in the United States.</ref> She currently resides in the Los Angeles area.
Biography
Early life and education
At seven years old, Linda Wang began modeling for Kodak film. Later, during her first year in high school, she auditioned for the part of Field Reporter in Pushing Hands. The Oscar award winning director Ang Lee told her she was just too young for the part. They spent half an hour talking about Wang's pen and ink artwork "Repeating" which at the time was being exhibited at the New York Transit Museum. However, Wang stated Lee also gave her valuable advice on where to study and how to continue to pursue her acting career. Three months later, Wang auditioned and was accepted to study for two years under the teen program with Herbert Berghof (co-founder, with wife Uta Hagen, of the HB Studio, NYC). She then went on to New York University, and studied at the Lee Strasberg Theatre Academy.
Career
Film
Linda Wang's Hollywood film career includes a heartbreaking role in Neal Hollander's controversial film Birds of Passage as "Fu Ling" opposite Stacy Keach. The film was banned in certain locations in China due to the One-Child Policy story line, and was instead filmed on location in the Philippines and South China sea. She also starred with actor Ernie Rivera in the Indie film Red Betta, directed by Allena Rennee. Additional notable appearances were in The Violent Kind, Scarred City, Dead Air, Dark City and What Ever Happened to Mason Reese? which was directed by Brett Ratner.
Her off-screen film credit was in the 2008 comedy Tropic Thunder. Wang had previously worked as a Chinese script translator for the producer and writer David Milch on several episodes of his HBO hit television show Deadwood. She had openly expressed her regrets for not standing up for her rights for screen credit for her work on Deadwood to Milch. Wang was later recommended by Milch to one of the casting directors of the film Tropic Thunder and was immediately hired by producer Eric McLeod as the Chinese script translator to aid writers Justin Theroux and Etan Cohen during pre-production. She was asked to come back but would only work under the condition that she received screen credit for her work. McLeod agreed and Wang went on to work as the on-set script translator for director Ben Stiller and dialogue coach for Robert Downey, Jr., as well as All actors with in the film such as Reggie Lee and Brandon Soo Hoo that had Chinese dialogue in the film.
Linda Wang played an evil villain named Contessa Dell"Oro, a non-Asian role, as the leader of an army of commandos who plot to destroy all human life on earth with the devastating X-bomb Nuclear Missile in a dark comedy called Blonde Squad
Linda Wang was in the film Low Down, which won Best Cinematography Award in the US Dramatic category at the Sundance Film Festival in 2014. Written by: Amy Albany and Topper Lilien. Directed by: Jeff Priess. Stars: Elle Fanning, Glenn Close, John Hawkes, Peter Dinklage, Lena Headey, Taryn Manning, Caleb Landry Jones and Flea. (Cast by Justine Baddeley & Kim Davis-Wagner ) Intriguingly, Wang had previously worked with Hawkes on the HBO series Deadwood as a Chinese translator and character during the show in 2004 to 2005. The award-winning film is about Joe Albany, a well-known jazz musician; the story line was told through the wise eyes of his young daughter, Amy Elle Fanning. Low Down chronicles the torrid, true life of jazz pianist Joe Albany. Born into her beloved father's unorthodox segment of society, Amy's improvisational adolescence evolves in the shadow of Joe's struggle between his musical genius and a suffocating heroin addiction. Low Down was also at the November 2015 Lineup of the Taipei Golden Horse Film Festival. The prestigious award is considered the Chinese Oscar. Elle Fanning Wins Best Actress Award at the Karlovy Vary International Film Festival for Low Down.
Linda Wang was in Martin Scorsese's Revenge of the Green Dragons, which she shot in her home town Elmhurst, Queens, New York. The film had its world premiere on September 10, 2014, at the 2014 Toronto International Film Festival, and then went on to be screened at a number of other international film festivals. Written by : Michael Di Jiacomo. Stars: Ray Liotta, Harry Shum, Jr., Justin Chon, Kevin Wu and Jin Auyeung. Directed by the Dual Andrews -Andrew Lau and Andrew Loo (Cast by Avy Kaufman) Wang played the mother of two boys drawn into the world of Asian gangs in Queens, New York. The film Revenge of the Green Dragons is close to heart to Wang due to the fact that the lead characters including the victims and youth gang members all grew up with her from elementary school. Interesting fact; The film female character Tina Sham in real life was Wang's best friend in junior high school who later was tragically murdered alongside Sham's boyfriend Tommy Mach in Sands points, Long Island, by the malicious Queens, New York gang The Green Dragons. Wang was quoted saying in a recent interview: "The lead character Tina Sham was one of my real-life best friend. Unfortunately, she was tragically kidnapped, killed. Her disappearance and death broke my heart into a thousand pieces..." (Quoted from an article -Actress Linda Wang gives the lowdown on her role in the biopic drama 'Low Down' and her Life ... )
Linda Wang recently was just in a feature film My Favorite Five with Steven Williams, Rochelle Aytes and Brian White directed by Paul Hannah currently on Netflix, CENTRICTV and BET. Recently, Linda Wang was in a film "Girls on Film" in collaboration with as Kodak. Shot on Kodak 35mm and 16mm motion picture film and the new KODAK Super 8 Camera, stars Suki Waterhouse, Poppy Jamie, Linda Wang and Anya Varda which was filmed in Los Angeles, CA. Suki Waterhouse, Poppy Jamie, Linda Wang, Anya Varda all used their first name in the film.
Television
Wang has appeared on HBO's Deadwood, House M.D., Comedy Central’s The Naked Trucker & the T Bone Show, and the Spanish series Secretos. She also had a cameo role on 8 Simple Rules as David Spade's speed date. For several years, Wang worked on numerous sketch comedy skits on NBC's Late Night with Conan O'Brien show, most notably as the recurring masturbating bear's girlfriend. Wang also appeared alongside Will Ferrell and Chris Kattan as the three Nagano Geishas on Saturday Night Live. She has also had roles in the soap operas One Life to Live, Port Charles, Another World, Guiding Light, As the World Turns, and Days of Our Lives. Wang also made a guest appearance in children's television including Sesame Street and Mathnet.
Linda Wang can be seen doing a skit with Tracy Morgan and Jimmy Kimmel on Jimmy Kimmel Live! Wang will also be co-starring with John Schneider, Carmen Electra, Dennis Haskins and Miguel A. Núñez Jr on a New TV Pilot called Back Nine directed by Jason Filardi and written by Mark Perez for Spike TV.
Linda Wang worked on Sports Show with Norm Macdonald, a pilot for Comedy Central with Norm Macdonald and Ben Hoffman.
Linda Wang appeared as officer Maria Lee in Secretos (Ep: Persa) a crime series, currently airing on Hulu Channel worldwide.
Linda Wang recently was recurred on the TV pilot Dragon Palace
Theatre
Wang's theatre experience includes starring as Rose Choy in Serenade In Blue written by Tony Award-nominated playwright Jerome Coopersmith, and directed by the Emmy Award-winning director Yanna Kroyt Brandt at the prestigious Lincoln Center Theater, New York City. Linda also starred as Pocahontas in an AEA stage production of Disney Friends around the World. For the past few years, you may seen a glimpse of Linda Wang's 3-minute stand-up comedy act at the M Bar on Sunset Blvd.
Voice-overs
Linda Wang was the former Citibank worldwide Chinese Mandarin spokesperson for five years. She has also had Chinese Mandarin voice-overs in multiple voice commercials, including the Standard Federal Savings bank, The American Diabetes Foundation, Hepatitis B Foundation, Anti-smoking USA, AT&T, MasterCard, Magellan, IDT, Colgate, Apple Savings bank, Holdcom, Bizfon, Honey Bunches Oats, Ford Motor Company, US Postal services, Berkley Productions, Smirnoff, Western Union, San Manuel Indian Bingo and Casino, Red Rock Casino and Honda Accord. She is in her third year as voice of the Mandarin Chinese spokesperson spot for AIG, alongside actress Stockard Channing. She also provided the voice of "Sexy bathhouse girl" in the video game James Bond 007: Rogue Agent—GoldenEye among others. She also provided the voice of Ming in Amy Tan's children's animated series Sagwa, the Chinese Siamese Cat.
Music videos
In 2007, Linda Wang appeared in the music video "Home" for the Irish pop group Westlife. In 2014 you will see Linda Wang in a film starring Flea of the rock band Red Hot Chili Peppers called Low Down directed by Jeff Preiss which won the Best Cinematography award at the Sundance Film Festival 2014.
Modeling
As a former Miss Teen Pola Asia, Linda Wang is the upcoming spokesmodel for Soho Sportswear for the Asian market. She was asked to design a few items under the Linda Wang Line. Linda Wang worked on a T-Mobile Commercial with Burt Reynolds and Paris Hilton in A Chinese Herb shop. She was quoted as saying Burt Reynold made faces when Paris Hilton was late on set. Reynold spoke about Viagra and working with Jackie Chan on the film The Cannonball Run. Having been previously a Pantene Pro-V hair model, Wang has also been chosen as the first female hand-model for Scrabble in 75 years. Recently, Linda Wang was chosen to be Face Model on BIOLASE print ad worldwide., In summer of 2015 and 2016, Wang did a campaign for Costco which will appeared in the Chinese section. Wang completed an International UPS commercial for USA and China in 2018.
Charity work
Since March 1997, Linda Wang has been a volunteer member promoting "Kids for Kids", the New York City Pediatric AIDS foundation benefit. In Los Angeles, Wang participated in the VERB Campaigns for both Disney and Nickelodeon TV, a program designed to encourage children to take the hour gained from the fall time change to be more active physically. She also participates in various animal protection organizations' charitable events. In the summer of 2005 Wang begin to Volunteer out of pocket to distribute bag called "A bag of smile" for the Homeless with in the City of Los Angeles and Orange County. This monthly program where Wang pre-prepared individually a large size sandwich bag with a bottle of water,a pair of sox, banana, nut mix, mini sun block and tooth paste. "A bag of smile" program has reached over 10,000+ homeless people within the last 12 years.
References
External links
Linda Wang on Myspace
Actresses from Los Angeles
Actresses from New York City
American female models
American film actresses
American stage actresses
American television actresses
American voice actresses
New York University alumni
Living people
People from Queens, New York
Actresses from Taipei
Taiwanese emigrants to the United States
Year of birth missing (living people)
Place of birth missing (living people)
21st-century American actresses
20th-century American actresses
American actresses of Chinese descent |
6904051 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parley%20P.%20Christensen | Parley P. Christensen | Parley Parker Christensen (July 19, 1869 – February 10, 1954) was an American attorney and politician who was a Utah state representative, a Los Angeles City Council member, and the Farmer–Labor Party's presidential nominee during the 1920 presidential election. He was a member of several third parties and chairman of the Illinois Progressive party.
Early life
Christensen was born on July 19, 1869, in Weston, Idaho, to Peter and Sophia M. Christensen and was taken by them to Newton, Utah. In 1890 he graduated from the University of Utah Normal School and University of Deseret, then became a teacher and principal in Murray and Grantsville, Utah. In 1897, he graduated from Cornell University Law School and practiced law in Salt Lake City.
Early political career
From 1892 to 1895, he was superintendent of schools in Tooele County, Utah. In 1895 he was secretary of the Utah constitutional convention that drafted a state constitution for submission to Congress. In the late 1890s he was city attorney of Grantsville. Between 1900 and 1904 Christensen was a Republican state officer, including party chairman. In 1902 he was defeated for renomination as county attorney, but in 1904, he was elected again to that office. Christensen unsuccessfully sought the Republican nomination for Congress in 1906, 1908, and 1910 against incumbent Joseph Howell.
From 1901 to 1906 he was prosecuting attorney for Salt Lake County. In 1906 he was cited to appear before a district court judge to show why he had not approved the issuance of a warrant for the arrest of Joseph F. Smith, president of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, "on a charge of sustaining unlawful relations with one of his five wives. From 1910 to 1912 he was a member of the Utah House of Representatives as a Republican. In the latter year, Christensen joined Theodore Roosevelt's Progressive Party and ran as the Progressive candidate for the Utah House of Representatives. He lost, but two years later he was elected to that office as a Progressive; he served one term. He supported a number of reforms.
Between 1915 and 1920, Christensen became "increasingly involved with various left-wing and labor groups" in Utah. He helped organize the Utah Labor Party in 1919, defended several radicals incarcerated at Fort Douglas, Utah, charged with opposition to American involvement in World War I. He was president of the Popular Government League, organized in 1916, which argued for adopting the initiative and referendum in Utah.
Presidential campaign
In June 1920, Christensen was a delegate to the Chicago joint conventions of the Labor Party of the United States and the progressive Committee of Forty-Eight, whose leaders hoped to merge and to nominate a presidential ticket. The Farmer-Labor Party was the result, with Christensen as presidential nominee. He campaigned for nationalization of railroads and utilities, an eight-hour working day, a federal Department of Education, and an end to the Espionage and Sedition Acts. In the election, he received 265,411 votes in nineteen states. Christensen did the best in Washington and in South Dakota, where he came close to out-polling the Democratic candidate, James M. Cox.
Later life
He remained in Chicago after the convention and became chairman of the Illinois Progressive Party and its unsuccessful candidate for US Senator in 1926.
In 1921 Christensen moved to Los Angeles, California, where he was elected to the city council in 1935. He joined the End Poverty in California crusade of Upton Sinclair and the Utopian Society. Christensen had the endorsement of the End Poverty in California movement when he won Los Angeles City Council District 9 seat in 1935 from the incumbent, George W.C. Baker. He held the seat for two years but did not run for re-election in 1937. Two years later, however, he was sent back to the council and held the post until 1949, when he was defeated by Edward R. Roybal. In the first part of his terms, the 9th District covered the core of Downtown Los Angeles, but later, it was shifted eastward to encompass an area with a heavily Hispanic population.
Death
Christensen died at age 84 on February 9, 1954, in Queen of Angels Hospital, Los Angeles.
References
|-
|-
1869 births
Candidates in the 1920 United States presidential election
1954 deaths
20th-century American lawyers
20th-century American politicians
American Esperantists
American people of Danish descent
School superintendents in Utah
American Unitarians
Burials at Chapel of the Pines Crematory
California Democrats
California Progressives (1924)
Cornell Law School alumni
District attorneys in Utah
Illinois Farmer–Laborites
Illinois Progressives (1924)
Los Angeles City Council members
Members of the Utah House of Representatives
People from Cache County, Utah
People from Franklin County, Idaho
Utah Farmer–Laborites
Utah Progressives (1912)
Utah Republicans
University of Utah alumni |
6904054 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ray%20Beckerman | Ray Beckerman | Ray Beckerman is an attorney in New York City, practicing law at Ray Beckerman, P.C. He is noted for his analysis and commentary on the RIAA's campaign, commenced in 2003, of copyright infringement lawsuits against individuals engaged unauthorized peer-to-peer file sharing of music.
Beckerman was admitted to the bar on January 17, 1979, and has served primarily as a commercial litigation attorney, but also practiced internet law, business law, copyright, trademark, and entertainment law.
In addition to his legal work, he writes several blogs: "Ohio Election Fraud" (formerly "Fairness"), which deals with the 2004 presidential litigation in the state of Ohio, "Recording Industry vs. The People", which chronicles the above-mentioned lawsuits between RIAA labels and individual defendants, "Ray's 2.0", about social media, and "Fairness", which deals with issues of social justice and human rights.
He is a member of the Electronic Frontier Foundation. A member of the Entertainment Law Committee of the Association of the Bar of the City of New York, he has previously served on that body's Copyright Law, Information Technology Law, and Civil Court committees. He is well known in the Slashdot internet community, where he posts under the username "NewYorkCountryLawyer" and in the Twitter community under the username "raybeckerman".
References
External links
Ray Beckerman at Recording Industry vs The People
New York (state) lawyers
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people) |
6904060 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patent%20portfolio | Patent portfolio | A patent portfolio is a collection of patents owned by a single entity, such as an individual or corporation. The patents may be related or unrelated. Patent applications may also be regarded as included in a patent portfolio.
The monetary benefits of a patent portfolio include a market monopoly position for the portfolio holder and revenue from licensing the intellectual property. Non-monetary benefits include strategic advantages like first-mover advantages and defense against rival portfolio holders. Constituting a patent portfolio may also be used to encourage investment.
Because patents have a fixed lifespan (term of patent), elements of a portfolio of patents constantly expire and enter the public domain.
Market value and evaluation
The value of a corporation's patent portfolio can be a significant fraction of the overall value of the corporation. Ocean Tomo LLC, for example, maintains an index of corporations whose market value is governed in large part by their patent portfolio value. The index is called "Ocean Tomo 300 Patent Index".
Another example is IPscore—acquired in 2006 by the European Patent Office—a software application, developed by the Danish Patent and Trademark Office. The application estimates "the economic value of patents and development projects".
Patent portfolio valuation
Because patent portfolios can contain hundreds, sometimes thousands, of patents, companies that wish to license a patent portfolio often must negotiate without complete information. In many cases, it is too costly for the negotiating parties to assess the validity and value of each of the portfolio's individual patents. Instead, parties will attempt to set a royalty that, over time, "converges on an objective probabilistic assessment of the portfolio's value."
See also
Intellectual property valuation
Patent holding company
Patent map
Patent monetization
Patent pool
Patent thicket
Patent troll
References
Patent law
Monopoly (economics) |
23575993 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosemary%20Clooney%20discography | Rosemary Clooney discography | Singer Rosemary Clooney (May 23, 1928 – June 29, 2002) is known for many songs, including "Come On-a My House", "Botch-a-Me", "Mambo Italiano", "Tenderly", "Half as Much", "Hey There" and "This Ole House". This is a partial discography.
Singles discography
Albums
1952: Hollywood's Best (with Harry James) (10" Lp)
1954: Red Garters (with Guy Mitchell and Joanne Gilbert) (10" Lp)
1954: While We're Young (10" Lp)
1954: Irving Berlin's White Christmas (10" Lp)
1955: Tenderly (10" Lp)
1955: Children's Favorites (10" Lp)
1955: Hollywood's Best (with Harry James) (12" Lp)
1956: Blue Rose (with Duke Ellington)
1956: Date with the King (with Benny Goodman) (10" LP)
1956: My Fair Lady (10" LP)
1956: On Stage (live at the London Palladium) (10" LP)
1957: Ring Around Rosie (with The Hi-Lo's)
1957: Clooney Tunes
1958: The Ferrers (with José Ferrer)
1958: The Ferrers at Home (with José Ferrer)
1958: Swing Around Rosie (with the Buddy Cole trio)
1958: Fancy Meeting You Here (with Bing Crosby)
1958: In High Fidelity
1958: Oh, Captain!
1959: Hymns From the Heart
1959: A Touch of Tabasco (with Perez Prado)
1959: Hollywood Hits
1959: Mixed Emotions
1960: How the West Was Won (with Bing Crosby)
1960: Rosie Swings Softly
1960: Clap Hands! Here Comes Rosie!
1961: Rosie Solves the Swingin' Riddle! (with Nelson Riddle)
1961: Rosemary Clooney Sings for Children
1963: Rosemary Clooney Sings Country Hits from the Heart
1963: Love (recorded 1961)
1964: Thanks for Nothing
1965: That Travelin' Two Beat - Bing Crosby and Rosemary Clooney (with Bing Crosby)
1976: Look My Way
1977: Nice to Be Around
1977: A Tribute to Duke
1977: Everything's Coming Up Rosie
1978: Christmas with Rosemary Clooney (recorded 1976)
1978: Rosie Sings Bing
1979: Here's to My Lady
1979: Rosemary Clooney Sings the Lyrics of Ira Gershwin
1981: With Love
1982: Rosemary Clooney Sings the Music of Cole Porter
1983: Rosemary Clooney With Les Brown and his Band of Renown
1983: Rosemary Clooney Sings the Music of Harold Arlen
1983: My Buddy (with Woody Herman)
1984: Rosemary Clooney Sings the Music of Irving Berlin
1985: Rosemary Clooney Sings Ballads
1986: Rosemary Clooney Sings the Music of Jimmy Van Heusen
1987: Rosemary Clooney Sings the Lyrics of Johnny Mercer
1989: Show Tunes
1989: 16 Most Requested Songs
1990: Rosemary Clooney Sings Rodgers, Hart & Hammerstein
1991: For the Duration
1992: Girl Singer
1993: Do You Miss New York?
1994: Still on the Road
1995: Demi-Centennial
1996: Dedicated to Nelson
1996: White Christmas
1997: Mothers & Daughters
1998: At Long Last (with the Count Basie Orchestra)
2000: Out of This World
2000: Brazil (with John Pizzarelli)
2001: Sentimental Journey: The Girl Singer and Her New Big Band
2001: A Very Special Christmas with Rosemary Clooney
2002: The Last Concert (live)
References
Vocal jazz discographies |
23576009 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gordon%20McCracken | Gordon McCracken | William Clifford Gordon McCracken, (22 March 1898 – 27 January 1964) was an Australian Commonwealth Note and Stamp Printer and an Australian rules footballer who played with Fitzroy in the Victorian Football League (VFL) during the 1920s.
Football
McCracken, who contested nine finals from 1922 to 1924, was Fitzroy's ruckman in the 1922 premiership side. He was again a follower in the 1923 Grand Final but was off the ground injured for much of the encounter and Fitzroy lost by 17 points. In the same year, McCracken represented the VFL at interstate football. Before arriving at Fitzroy, he played for Essendon Association in the Victorian Football Association.
Note and Stamp Printing
McCracken joined the Commonwealth Bank on 1 August 1936, as Works Manager, and was appointed as the Australian Note and Stamp Printer on 21 April 1940. During this period he was responsible for introducing new equipment, the photogravure printing process, and (reportedly) the elimination of personal monograms and imprints in favour of 'By Authority' impersonal marks in 1942. He retired in March 1963, the same year he was appointed as an Officer of the Order of the British Empire.
Notes
References
Gordon McCracken's playing statistics from The VFA Project
1898 births
1964 deaths
Fitzroy Football Club players
Fitzroy Football Club Premiership players
Essendon Association Football Club players
Australian rules footballers from Victoria (Australia)
Officers of the Order of the British Empire
One-time VFL/AFL Premiership players |
23576011 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special%20memorandum%20account | Special memorandum account | Special memorandum account (SMA) is a margin credit account used for calculating US Regulation T requirements on brokerage accounts. In addition to Initial Margin and Maintenance Margin requirements, the SMA ledger is used to lock in unrealized gains that augment the client's buying power.
According to Regulation T, Section 220.5:
(b) The SMA may contain the following entries:
Dividend and interest payments;
Cash not required by this part, including cash deposited to meet a maintenance margin call or to meet any requirement of a self-regulatory organization that is not imposed by this part;
Proceeds of a sale of securities or cash no longer required on any expired or liquidated security position that may be withdrawn under section 220.4(e) of this part; and
Margin excess transferred from the margin account under section 220.4(e)(2) of this part.
Regulation T allows transfers from the SMA to be used as margin for new purchases in their margin account. However, exchange rules do not allow these transfers to be used for maintenance margin calls. The SMA balance represents credits that are used only for meeting margin requirements and are not actual funds that could be withdrawn by the client.
Buying Power is always twice the SMA balance.
Example
A customer purchases 1,000 shares of stock 'ABC' on margin at $50 per share. If ABC is currently trading at $70 per share, what is the excess equity or SMA?
A purchase of $50,000 worth of securities (1,000 shares × $50 per share) requires depositing the Regulation T amount (50 percent) of the purchase. Thus, the customer equity (EQ) is originally $25,000 (50% × $50,000) and $25,000 was borrowed on margin. The long market value (LMV) has now increased to $70,000 ($70 × 1,000 shares), but the margin amount ($25,000) remains the same. Thus the EQ ($70,000 - $25,000) has increased to $45,000 and the new Reg T margin requirement would be $35,000 ($70,000 × 50%).
We calculate SMA as follows:
Current Margin requirement = 50% × $70,000
SMA = EQ – Current Margin Requirement
SMA = $45,000 – $35,000 = $10,000
References
Financial markets
Margin policy |
44500428 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red%20Oaks | Red Oaks | Red Oaks is an American comedy-drama streaming television series created by Joe Gangemi and Gregory Jacobs. The first season was released on Amazon Prime Video on October 9, 2015. On December 18, 2015, Amazon announced that the show would be returning for a second season in 2016. The second season was released on November 11, 2016. On January 30, 2017, Amazon announced that the series was renewed for a third and final season, which was released on October 20, 2017.
Plot
David, a college student, begins working at Red Oaks, a Jewish country club in New Jersey during his summer break in 1985. The show follows David's life, with numerous subplots including his family, friends, and coworkers, and primarily revolves around the club. The show explores themes such as adolescence, relationships, socioeconomic mobility, and the pursuit of happiness in a mostly comedic fashion against the backdrop of the New York–New Jersey area in the 1980s.
Cast
Main
Recurring
Episodes
Season 1
Season 2
Season 3
Production
For his role as Nash, Ennis Esmer read with director David Gordon Green in both his regular voice and what The New York Times describes as "an invented accent he calls 'Indo Middle Eastern British'", while trying to get Green to laugh. Esmer used a vocal coach to improve the accent and continued using it while on the set.
Filming
The main filming location is Edgewood Country Club in River Vale, New Jersey. Additional locations include Florence Park in Mamaroneck, New York, Willow Ridge Country Club in Westchester County, New York, and Paris, France.
Critical reception
Red Oaks has received mostly positive reviews. On review aggregator site Rotten Tomatoes, it holds a score of 81%, an average rating of 7.8/10, based on 26 reviews. The website's consensus reads: "Red Oaks offers an affectionate nod to 1980s sex comedies that – largely thanks to a talented ensemble cast – finds fresh humor in its familiar premise." Metacritic gives the show a score of 70 out of 100, sampled from 21 reviews, signifying "generally favorable reviews".
Entertainment Weekly gave the pilot a B+, and singled out Esmer's performance:
The New York Times enjoyed the pilot:
Newsday liked it as well:
References
External links
2010s American comedy-drama television series
2014 American television series debuts
2017 American television series endings
Amazon Prime Video original programming
Fiction about body swapping
Fictional clubs
English-language television shows
Television shows filmed in New Jersey
Television shows filmed in New York (state)
Television series set in the 1980s |
23576015 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koko%C4%8Dak | Kokočak | Kokočak is a village in north-eastern Slavonia, situated in municipality town of Orahovica, Virovitica-Podravina county, Croatia.
Population
References
CD-rom: "Naselja i stanovništvo RH od 1857-2001. godine", Izdanje Državnog zavoda za statistiku Republike Hrvatske, Zagreb, 2005.
Populated places in Virovitica-Podravina County |
23576028 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trichocentrum%20bicallosum | Trichocentrum bicallosum | Trichocentrum bicallosum is a species of orchid found from Mexico (Oaxaca, Chiapas) to Central America.
References
External links
bicallosum
Orchids of Central America
Orchids of Chiapas
Flora of Oaxaca |
23576061 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trichocentrum%20carthagenense | Trichocentrum carthagenense | Trichocentrum carthagenense is a species of orchid found from the Caribbean and Mexico, Central America and down to northern Brazil.
References
External links
carthagenense
Orchids of Central America
Orchids of Belize
Orchids of Brazil
Orchids of Mexico
Flora of the Caribbean
Flora without expected TNC conservation status |
44500460 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1%20Corinthians%201 | 1 Corinthians 1 | 1 Corinthians 1 is the first chapter of the First Epistle to the Corinthians in the New Testament of the Christian Bible. It is authored by Paul the Apostle and Sosthenes in Ephesus, composed between 52–55 CE, and sent to the church in Corinth.
Text
The original text was written in Koine Greek. This chapter is divided into 31 verses.
Textual witnesses
Some early manuscripts containing the text of this chapter are:
Codex Vaticanus (AD 325–350)
Codex Sinaiticus (330–360)
Codex Alexandrinus (400–440)
Codex Ephraemi Rescriptus (~450; extant verses 3–31)
Papyrus 14 (6th century; extant verses 25–27)
Papyrus 11 (7th century; extant verses 17–22)
Old Testament references
=
=
Opening greeting (1:1–3)
Verse 1
Paul, called to be an apostle of Jesus Christ through the will of God, and Sosthenes our brother.
Most English translations refer to Sosthenes as "our brother", but the actual text reads , , which literally means "Sosthenes the brother". "The salutation with my own hand—Paul’s" in 1 Corinthians 16:21 suggests that the majority of the letter may have actually been scribed by someone else, and therefore many interpreters suggest that Sosthenes was the amanuensis of the Epistle.
The address and greeting which open the Epistle conclude with the words Grace be unto you, and peace.
Thanksgiving for Christ's total sufficiency (1:4–9)
In the section of thanksgiving, Paul usually signals the issues to be dealt later in the letter, but he can always give thanks because God's sufficiency can resolve all problem in the person of his Son, Jesus Christ.
The divisiveness of idolizing Christian teachers (1:10–17a)
The disciples or pupils of a secular teacher must give exclusive loyalty to the teacher, and the Corinthians who were converted and baptized through the ministry of different teachers also perceived themselves in the secular way, that they engaged in quarrels over the merits of those teachers. Paul states this loyalty as idolatrous and wants them to follow the Messiah, not His servants.
Verse 12
Now I say this, that each of you says, "I am of Paul," or "I am of Apollos," or "I am of Cephas," or "I am of Christ."
"Each of you says": Gill notes that Paul may have gotten the report from "the house of Chloe" regarding the schism among the church members.
"I am of Paul": Paul had been instrumental in the conversion and baptism of some members of the Corinthian church, as he was the first to lay the foundation of a Gospel church in this city.
"I am of Apollos": Apollos came to Corinth after Paul left. As an eloquent man with good knowledge of the Scriptures, he may have attracted many church members with his way of preaching.
"I am of Cephas" (or Simon Peter): Unlike Paul and Apollos, Peter was with Christ from the beginning, witnessing His miracles, hearing His doctrines, and having the apostleship. On these accounts, the church members highly valued him and the converted Jews among them, who still retained a regard to the ceremonies of the law, may have fixed on Peter as their minister.
"I am of Christ": taking Paul's words, some may have declared that they should not "be called by any other name than that of Christ". These people were "for Christ", not of Paul, Apollos, Cephas, or any other ministers of the word, but could still be "blame worthy" when they use Christ's name to deceive men or divide His interest. Some authorities to the contrary have suggested that the Christ of this passage is a copying error and for example the noted Jewish historian Graetz says that that person is really Chrestus of Suetonius in Claudius 25 who provoked a "tumult" in Rome near the 49th year of the Christian era.
Boasting in the Lord and not in the educated elite (1:17b–31)
Orators or public speakers in the first century generally produce carefully crafted speeches to draw the attention or bewitch the hearers, based on the performance only, not the content, but Paul used none of the tricks ("with words of human wisdom", lit. "by means of the wisdom of rhetoric") when he preach the gospel of Christ. Jesus Christ sent Paul to preach the gospel, with its content "the cross of Christ", not to secure a personal following. Paul asks the Corinthians to reflect on the secular status or class of the messengers of God's wisdom, who are 'the foolish', whom secular society regarded as 'nobodies' as opposed to the 'elite' who in the first century were described as 'wise, influential in political sphere and well-born'.
The power of God
Paul speaks of the power of God in this letter () and in his letter to the Romans (Romans 1:16), and in the gospels, Jesus debates the subject of the resurrection with the Sadducees, who he says "do not know the scriptures [or] the power of God" (;
).
Verse 31
That, according as it is written, He that glorieth, let him glory in the Lord.
Other texts replace "glories" (KJV: "glorieth") with "boasts". Paul quotes from the Septuagint version of in the Old Testament, "abbreviating quite freely" from the longer text:
Thus saith the Lord, Let not the wise man boast in his wisdom, and let not the strong man boast in his strength, and let not the rich man boast in his wealth; but let him that boasts boast in this, the understanding and knowing that I am the Lord that exercise mercy, and judgment, and righteousness, upon the earth; for in these things is my pleasure, saith the Lord.
See also
Related Bible parts: Psalm 34, Psalm 44, Isaiah 29, Jeremiah 9, Acts 18, 2 Corinthians 10
References
Sources
External links
King James Bible - Wikisource
English Translation with Parallel Latin Vulgate
Online Bible at GospelHall.org (ESV, KJV, Darby, American Standard Version, Bible in Basic English)
Multiple bible versions at Bible Gateway (NKJV, NIV, NRSV etc.)
01 |
23576064 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magadinovac | Magadinovac | Magadinovac is a village in north-eastern Slavonia, situated in municipality town of Orahovica, Virovitica-Podravina County, Croatia.
Population
References
CD-rom: "Naselja i stanovništvo RH od 1857-2001. godine", Izdanje Državnog zavoda za statistiku Republike Hrvatske, Zagreb, 2005.
Populated places in Virovitica-Podravina County |
20473967 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marvin%20Martin | Marvin Martin | Marvin Martin (born 10 January 1988) is a French professional footballer who plays for Championnat National 2 club Hyères. He plays as a creative play-making midfielder and is described as a player with "very good technique on the ball" and "excellent vision", which compensates for his relatively small frame. Martin is a former France international, having appeared for his country at UEFA Euro 2012.
Club career
Early career
Martin was born in the 14th arrondissement of Paris and hails from the Porte de Vanves area. He therefore grew up close to the Parc des Princes and regularly attended Paris Saint-Germain games, developing a passion for the French capital club. He began his football career at Club Athlétique de Paris at the age of six and, after two years at the club, joined sports club Montrouge CF in the southern Parisian suburbs. Martin's commitment to football accelerated after the France national team won the 1998 FIFA World Cup. He described the victory as "the moment I wanted become a professional player". While playing at Montrouge, Martin trained and played alongside Hatem Ben Arfa, Issiar Dia, Flavien Belson and Dominique Malonga. The quartet were beneficial to the under-13 team that won the Coupe de Paris in 1997, defeating PSG in the final.
After showing potential at Montrouge, Martin attended trials at the Clairefontaine academy with hopes of earning selection to the prestigious school. Following the conclusion of the camp, however, he was not selected, though his domestic teammate Hatem Ben Arfa was. Citing the player's failure to earn a spot at Clairefontaine, a coach at Montrouge later stated, "I do not know if it gave him added strength, but in any case, he continued to work instead of feeling sorry for himself." In 2002, Martin drew interest from professional club Sochaux after being spotted by club scout Christian Puxel. Club officials offered the player a trial. He accepted the offer and made the trek east to Montbéliard. In July 2002, Martin signed an aspirant (youth) contract with the club after impressing during a trial match held at the Stade Auguste Bonal.
Sochaux
Upon his arrival to the club, Martin was inserted into the club's prestigious youth academy and quickly developed a rapport with future teammates Ryad Boudebouz, Sloan Privat, Geoffrey Tulasne and Frédéric Duplus. Martin was influenced to train hard in the academy by former club player Camel Meriem, as well as academy graduates Jérémy Ménez and Mevlüt Erdinç who established themselves at Sochaux at a young age. In 2007, he played on the club's under-19 team that won the Coupe Gambardella. Sochaux defeated Auxerre 5–4 on penalties in the final match, which was played at the Stade de France. As a result of the youth team's cup success, several players on the team, including Martin, were promoted to the club's Championnat de France Amateur team in the fourth division. In the 2007–08 Championnat de France Amateur season, Martin appeared in a team-high 32 matches and scored three goals as the reserve team finished fourth in its group.
Following the conclusion of the 2007–08 season, Martin signed his first professional contract after agreeing to a three-year deal with the club. He was, subsequently, promoted to the senior team and assigned the number 26 shirt by manager Francis Gillot. Martin made his professional debut on 30 August 2008 in a 2–1 league defeat to Marseille, appearing as a substitute. Two weeks later, he made his first professional start in a 2–1 loss to Toulouse. In the team's next four league matches, Gillot inserted Martin as a starter. After the stint of consecutive starts, he rotated between the bench and the first eleven for the rest of the campaign. On 13 May 2009, Martin scored his first professional goal in a 3–0 victory over Monaco. He finished the campaign with 30 total appearances scoring only one goal.
In the 2009–10 season, following the departure of Romain Pitau, Martin was inserted into the starting lineup as his replacement by Gillot for the season. He was a vocal point in the midfield assisting on a goal in the team's second match of the season against Bordeaux. On 26 September 2009, he scored a goal in a 2–1 loss against Nancy and, in the following week, netted the game-winning goal against Le Mans. On 21 January 2010, Martin signed a contract extension with the club until 2014. Martin's play-making abilities began to develop and flourish during the season as he assisted on game-winning goals in victories over Lorient, Rennes and Lille. In the Coupe de France, he contributed to the club's reaching the quarter-finals as he scored a double in a 4–1 rout of amateur club Beauvais in the Round of 16. Martin finished the successful individual campaign with 40 total appearances, four goals and four assists.
Martin's importance within the team was further bolstered in the 2010–11 season after the departure of the club's primary playmaker, Stéphane Dalmat. Martin switched to the number 14 shirt in reference to the 14th arrondissement of Paris and was tipped to replace him by Gillot. The young midfielder responded positively and scored his first goal of the season on 14 August 2010 in a 3–2 loss against Saint-Étienne. The following month, he scored a goal described by the local media as a "moment of magic" in a 4–0 victory over Nice. Martin developed a strong simpatico with strikers Brown Ideye and Modibo Maïga, as well as winger Nicolas Maurice-Belay assisting on several of each player's goals. By the end of January 2011, Martin had assisted on a league-leading ten goals, which included both goals in the team's 2–1 win over Arles-Avignon on 7 August, another two in a 3–1 win against Caen, and one in a 5–1 thrashing of Rennes on 29 January. Martin also scored a goal in the win over Rennes. His performances during the campaign led to his teammates and friends playfully nicknaming him "Little Xavi" in reference to the Barcelona star playmaker. Because of his great performances in midfield throughout the league campaign, Martin was one of four players nominated for the UNFP Young Player of the Year, along with Mamadou Sakho, Yann M'Vila and André Ayew.
Lille
On 20 June 2012, French club Lille confirmed on its website that Martin had joined the club after agreeing to a five-year deal. The transfer fee was undisclosed and the midfielder joined the club on 1 July.
On 13 July 2016, Martin joined newly promoted Ligue 1 club Dijon on loan, after Lille coach Frédéric Antonetti stated the player was not part of his plans for the forthcoming season. On 11 August 2017, following his return from loan at Dijon, he was released from his contract at Lille.
Reims
On 14 August 2017, Martin joined Ligue 2 side Reims on a one-year contract with the option of two further years. Martin helped Stade de Reims win the 2017–18 Ligue 2, helping promote them to the Ligue 1 for the 2018–19 season.
Later career
In 2019, Martin signed for Chambly. He played in the club’s two seasons in Ligue 2. In 2021, he signed for Hyères, a club competing in the Championnat National 2.
International career
During his development years, Martin went unnoticed by youth national team coaches. After establishing himself as a professional, he was called up to the France under-21 team in November 2008 to participate in a friendly against Denmark. Martin made his youth international debut in the match as a starter. He was substituted out after 61 minutes as France won the match 1–0. Martin featured with the team for the rest of the campaign as France failed to qualify for the 2011 UEFA European Under-21 Championship, which effectively ended Martin's under-21 career. On 26 May 2011, after a successful league season with Sochaux, Martin was called up to the senior national team by Laurent Blanc for June fixtures against Belarus, Ukraine and Poland. The midfielder described the call up as "a dream" and made his senior international debut on 6 June in the team's friendly match against Ukraine, appearing as a second-half substitute with the match drawn 1–1. In the match, Martin scored two goals and assisted on another, which was scored by fellow debutante Younès Kaboul, as France won the match 4–1. As a result of his double, Martin became only the fourth French international, after Jean Vincent, Zinedine Zidane and Bafétimbi Gomis, to score twice on his debut.
Career statistics
Club
International
Source:
France score listed first, score column indicates score after each Martin goal
Honours
Reims
Ligue 2: 2017–18
References
External links
1988 births
Living people
Footballers from Paris
French footballers
France under-21 international footballers
France international footballers
Association football midfielders
FC Sochaux-Montbéliard players
Lille OSC players
Dijon FCO players
Stade de Reims players
FC Chambly Oise players
Hyères FC players
Ligue 1 players
Ligue 2 players
Championnat National 2 players
Championnat National 3 players
UEFA Euro 2012 players |
44500469 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blake%20Annen | Blake Annen | Blake David Annen (born May 28, 1991) is an American football coach and former tight end. He played college football at the University of Cincinnati and attended Upper Arlington High School in Upper Arlington, Ohio. He has been a member of the Philadelphia Eagles, Chicago Bears, New Orleans Saints, Green Bay Packers and Buffalo Bills.
Early years
Annen played high school football for the Upper Arlington High School Golden Bears in Upper Arlington, Ohio. He helped the Golden Bears win the Ohio Capital Conference Central Division Championship in 2008. He recorded 30 receptions for 800 yards and 12 touchdowns in his high school career. He was named the top tight end in the state by OhioVarsity.com.
College career
Annen played for the Cincinnati Bearcats from 2009 to 2013. He was redshirted in 2009.
Professional career
Annen ran his 40-yard dash time at 4.41 seconds at Cincinnati's 2014 Pro Day in addition to posting 25 reps on the bench press, which ultimately made him a priority UDFA.
Philadelphia Eagles
Annen signed with the Philadelphia Eagles on May 10, 2014 after going undrafted in the 2014 NFL draft. He was released by the Eagles on August 23, 2014.
Chicago Bears
Annen was signed to the Chicago Bears' practice squad on September 18, 2014. He was promoted to the active roster on November 8, 2014. He made his NFL debut on November 23, 2014 against the Tampa Bay Buccaneers. Annen was released by the Bears on September 2, 2015.
New Orleans Saints
On September 7, 2015, the New Orleans Saints signed Annen to their practice squad. On September 15, 2015, he was released by the Saints.
Green Bay Packers
On September 30, 2015, the Green Bay Packers signed Annen to their practice squad. On October 16, 2015, he was released by the Packers.
Buffalo Bills
On December 15, 2015, the Buffalo Bills signed Annen to their practice squad. He was waived/injured by the Bills on September 2, 2016 and was placed on injured reserve after clearing waivers.
On June 13, 2017, Annen was waived by the Bills.
Post-playing career
In 2018, Annen was hired as the head football coach at Carmel High School. As assistant coaches, he hired former Bears Johnny Knox and Nathan Vasher; the three had worked together at EFT Football Academy in Highland Park, Illinois. In Annen's first year, the Corsairs improved from their 1–8 record in 2017 to 4–5. Another ex-Bear in Jason McKie became running backs coach in 2019. Annen resigned in October to return to his family in Ohio.
References
External links
NFL Draft Scout
College stats
Living people
1991 births
Players of American football from Ohio
People from Upper Arlington, Ohio
American football tight ends
Cincinnati Bearcats football players
Philadelphia Eagles players
Chicago Bears players
New Orleans Saints players
Green Bay Packers players
Buffalo Bills players |
17336021 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Mavericks%20discography | The Mavericks discography | American country music band The Mavericks have released eleven studio albums, four six compilation albums, three live albums and one EP album. The band's highest-certified album is 1994's What a Crying Shame, certified platinum by the RIAA and double platinum by the CRIA. 1995's Music for All Occasions was certified gold in the US and platinum in Canada, while Trampoline and It's Now! It's Live!, both from 1998, earned gold certification in Canada.
The Mavericks also released twenty singles. Although fourteen of these charted on the Billboard country singles charts, none reached Top Ten on that chart, with the highest-peaking being the number 13 "All You Ever Do Is Bring Me Down", a collaboration with accordionist Flaco Jiménez. "What a Crying Shame", "O What a Thrill", and "Here Comes the Rain" all reached top ten on the former RPM Country Tracks charts in Canada. "Dance the Night Away" and "I've Got This Feeling" both entered the UK Singles Chart, with the former peaking at number four.
Studio albums
1990s
2000s–2020s
Compilation albums
Live albums
Extended plays
Singles
1990s
2000s–2010s
Music videos
Notes
References
Country music discographies
Discographies of American artists |
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