id
stringlengths 2
8
| url
stringlengths 31
389
| title
stringlengths 1
250
| text
stringlengths 2
355k
|
|---|---|---|---|
23579160 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangakahia%20River | Mangakahia River | The Mangakahia River is a river of the Northland Region of New Zealand's North Island. It flows east from its sources in the Mataraua Forest, turning southeastward after about on joining with the small Awarua River. It is joined by the Opouteke River near Pakotai, then turns east, until it is joined by the Hikurangi River. It then turns south again, passing Titoki and then joining with the Wairua River to form the Wairoa River approximately halfway between Whangarei and Dargaville.
The New Zealand Ministry for Culture and Heritage gives a translation of "stream of the New Zealand passionfruit vine" for Mangakāhia.
See also
List of rivers of New Zealand
References
External links
Rivers of the Northland Region
Rivers of New Zealand
Kaipara Harbour catchment |
17340143 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/One%20Wish%20%28for%20Christmas%29 | One Wish (for Christmas) | "One Wish" is a 1994 Christmas song by American R&B singer Freddie Jackson, from his album At Christmas.
Whitney Houston version
American R&B singer Whitney Houston covered the song for her 2003 Christmas album, One Wish: The Holiday Album. Her cover, titled "One Wish (for Christmas)", was the only single released from the album and reached number 20 on the US Billboard Adult Contemporary chart. A lyric video was released for the song on December 11, 2020.
Charts
References
1994 songs
2003 singles
American Christmas songs
Whitney Houston songs
Songs written by Gordon Chambers
Songs written by Barry Eastmond
Songs written by Freddie Jackson
Freddie Jackson songs |
23579161 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangakarengorengo%20River | Mangakarengorengo River | The Mangakarengorengo River is a river of the Bay of Plenty Region of New Zealand. It is a tributary of the Wairoa River.
See also
List of rivers of New Zealand
References
Rivers of the Bay of Plenty Region
Rivers of New Zealand |
44498003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eeramana%20Rojave | Eeramana Rojave | Eeramana Rojave () is a 1991 Indian Tamil-language film, directed and produced by Keyaar. The film stars Shiva Subramanian, Mohini, Srividya and Nassar. The film had musical score by Ilaiyaraaja. The movie was also dubbed and released in Telugu as Premalekhalu in the same year. Mohini was barely 12 years of age when the movie was filmed.
Plot
Shanthi (Mohini) and Siva (Shiva) go to the same college and after some initial misunderstandings, fall in love. A psychotic fellow student, known as Helmet, tortures any couple he sees that are in love. He's sadistic and despises love. Shanthi's friend Anitha and her boyfriend Ravi are killed by Helmet. This spurs Shanthi to stand up against him. Helmet conspires to get Siva expelled as revenge and Shanthi, in turn, has Helmet arrested. Shanthi's rich father JK (Nassar) learns about his daughter's love and arranges her marriage with the son of his friend. The young couple run away with the help of Shanthi's grandmother (Srividya) but fall into Helmet's sadistic hands. The young couple must escape his clutches and change JK's mind.
Cast
Shiva as Shiva (debut)
Mohini as Shanthi (debut)
Srividya as Shanthi's Grand Mother
Nassar as JK
Venniradai Moorthy as Tamil Professor
Chinni Jayanth as Maari
Kula Deivam V. R. Rajagopal as Chellaiah
Kumarimuthu
Thyagu
Disco Shanthi
Hema
Production
Eeramana Rojave is the acting debut of Shiva and Mohini.
Soundtrack
The music was composed by Ilaiyaraaja.
Tamil (Original) version
Telugu (Dubbed) version
This film was dubbed into Telugu as Premalekhalu. All songs were written by Rajashri.
Release and reception
Eeramana Rojave was released on 12 January 1991. The Indian Express wrote on 25 January, "Despite the cliched theme the script maintains the suspense."
References
External links
1991 films
Films scored by Ilaiyaraaja
1990s Tamil-language films
Films directed by Keyaar |
23579162 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew%20A.%20Michta | Andrew A. Michta | Andrew Alexander Michta (born April 4, 1956) is an American political scientist and Dean of the College of International and Security Studies at the George C. Marshall European Center for Security Studies in Germany. Previously he was Professor of National Security Affairs at the US Naval War College. He was also an affiliate of the Minda de Gunzburg Center for European Studies, an Adjunct Fellow at the Center for Strategic and International Studies – Europe Program in Washington, DC, and an adjunct political scientist at the RAND Corporation.
Biography
Andrew Michta was born in Poland, the son of Józef and Adela (Stokowiec) Michta.
He holds a Ph.D. in International Relations from the School of Advanced International Studies at the Johns Hopkins University (1987). From 1988–2015 he was the M.W. Buckman Distinguished Professor of International Studies at Rhodes College, a predominantly undergraduate college in Memphis, Tennessee. There he received the Clarence Day Dean's Award for Outstanding Research. He was on leave from 2005 to 09 and from 2011 to 13. In 2015 he left Rhodes and went to teach in the JPME system at the US Naval War College graduate program.
While on leave From Rhodes, from May 2011–13 he was the Senior Transatlantic Fellow and the founding Director of the Warsaw branch office of the German Marshall Fund of the United States. From 2005–09, he was Professor of National Security Studies and Director of Studies of the Senior Executive Seminar at the George C. Marshall European Center for Security Studies in Germany. He was a Visiting Scholar at the Hoover Institution on War, Revolution and Peace at Stanford University and a Research Associate at the Institute for European, Russian and Eurasian Studies at George Washington University. From 2000–2001 he was at the Woodrow Wilson Center in Washington, D.C. (2000–2001).
He is a member of the International Institute for Strategic Studies in London. He is a Contributing Editor to 1945, an online national security website. He served on the Advisory Council of the Center for European Policy Analysis in Washington, D.C. and has served on the AAASS Board of Directors (2001–2004). He was Senior Fellow at the Center for European Policy Analysis from 2013–14. The BBC characterized him as "a well-known expert on security issues." He speaks several languages, including English, French, German, Polish, and Russian.
Views
Michta has argued that the United States and NATO missed opportunities after the September 11, 2001 attack to revitalize the NATO alliance. Specifically, he argues that NATO should have taken the lead in Afghanistan.
Michta has explored the implications of NATO's institutional effort to use its enlargement process as a means to advance civil-military reform in Eastern Europe. Michta argues that NATO's requirement that all new members must meet specific goals of democratic civilian control over its military was especially successful in reforming Poland, Hungary and the Czech Republic. He concludes that these three new NATO members have made dramatic efforts to depoliticize their military, in contrast to the political control during the communist era. Thereby the democratic forces in these countries have been strengthened.
Michta has written a number of editorials from a standpoint sympathetic to or aligned with right wing populism. This includes work critical of cancel culture as well as work attributing left-wing civil unrest in the United States to ideas passed down by political elites "unmoored from the fundamentals of this nation’s founding and its traditional commitment to building a decent society." Michta has also been critical of what he perceives as an open immigration policy in the EU, arguing that the rise of neo-nationalism in Europe since 2015 exists as a popular "anti-establishment rebellion" against politicians' refusal to significantly restrict the intake of migrants and refugees.
Works
The Limits of Alliance: The United States, NATO and the EU in North and Central Europe. Rowman & Littlefield (2006).
The Soldier-Citizen
Polish Foreign Policy Reconsidered
East Central Europe after the Warsaw Pact
The Government and Politics of Postcommunist Europe
America's New Allies: Poland, Hungary and the Czech Republic in NATO
References
External links
Book review of The Limits of Alliance in the journal Association for Slavic, East European, and Eurasian Studies, Vol. 66, No. 2, Summer, 2007.
1956 births
Living people
American political scientists
Johns Hopkins University alumni
George Washington University faculty |
20472484 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1977%20Buffalo%20Bills%20season | 1977 Buffalo Bills season | The 1977 Buffalo Bills season was the franchise's 18th season, and their eighth in the National Football League. The team posted a losing record for the second-consecutive season, and missed the postseason for the third season.
Buffalo started the season with four consecutive losses, and failed to win consecutive games. The team was shut out two times at home. The Bills beat only one team with a winning record — the New England Patriots in an early November game in Foxboro that ultimately proved fatal to the Patriots' playoff hopes.
After drawing 76,000 to Rich Stadium on opening day against the Dolphins, Buffalo drew an average of only 35,000 for the remaining six home games.
The Bills had one of the most pass-heavy offenses in the NFL in 1977. Quarterback Joe Ferguson led the league in pass attempts (457, 32.6 per game) and passing yards (2,803, 200.2 per game). He also threw 24 interceptions, the most in the NFL.
Although the Bills passed the ball more often than any other team, they were not efficient through the air: they ranked 19th out of 28 teams in passing touchdowns, 21st in yards per attempt, and 20th in quarterback rating (a dismal 54.7). Buffalo's 160 points scored was the third-worst in the NFL.
Buffalo’s defense also gave up 313 points, the fourth-worst total in the league. Buffalo's anemic scoring and porous defense gave the team a point-differential of −153, dead-last in the league. This was the last season for O.J. Simpson as a member of the Bills, as he was traded to the 49ers the following season. Simpson would ultimately finish his last season with the Bills with 557 rushing yards on 126 attempts.
Offseason
NFL Draft
Seventh round pick Mike Nelms was cut by the Bills in the 1977 training camp, and went to play in the Canadian Football League for the next three seasons. He returned to the NFL in 1980, joining the Washington Redskins, and was voted to three consecutive NFC Pro Bowl squads from 1980–1982.
Cornerback Charles Romes played in every game for the Bills from 1977 until his final season with Buffalo in 1986. He finished his career in Buffalo with 28 interceptions, fourth in Bills’ history.
Personnel
Staff/Coaches
Roster
Schedule
Note: Intra-division opponents are in bold text.
Season summary
Week 5
Week 11
Week 12
Week 13
Source: Pro-Football-Reference.com
Standings
Awards and honors
All-Pros
Joe DeLamielleure, Guard
Notes
References
External links
Pro-Football-Reference.com: 1977 Buffalo Bills
Video Archives
1977 NFL Week 12: Redskins at Bills at YouTube
1977 NFL Week 13: Bills at Jets at YouTube
Buffalo Bills seasons
Buffalo Bills
Buffalo |
23579163 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangakuri%20River | Mangakuri River | The Mangakuri River is a river of the Hawke's Bay region of New Zealand's North Island. It flows north, paralleling the Pacific Ocean coast before veering northeast to reach the sea at Kairakau Beach, south of Cape Kidnappers.
See also
List of rivers of New Zealand
References
Rivers of the Hawke's Bay Region
Rivers of New Zealand |
23579164 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangamaire%20River | Mangamaire River | The Mangamaire River is a river of the centre of New Zealand's North Island. One of the headwaters of the Rangitikei River system, it flows generally southwest from its origins southeast of Lake Taupo, forming part of the border of the Kaimanawa Forest Park for much of its length. It meets the young Rangitikei in hill country east of Mount Ruapehu.
The New Zealand Ministry for Culture and Heritage gives a translation of "maire stream" for Mangamaire.
See also
List of rivers of New Zealand
References
Rivers of Manawatū-Whanganui
Rivers of New Zealand |
44498013 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaiser-Joseph-Stra%C3%9Fe | Kaiser-Joseph-Straße | The Kaiser-Joseph-Straße (often shortened to Kajo) in Freiburg im Breisgau is a shopping street of about 900 meters, which runs through the center of Freiburg's historic downtown from north to south. It is one of the most expensive locations in Germany.
Location and traffic
The street begins in the north of Freiburg at Siegesdenkmal, which is located on the outskirts of the historic city center. From the central street crossing, at Bertoldsbrunnen, Bertoldstraße branches off westwards and Salzstraße eastwards. On the southern outskirts of the historical city center Kaiser-Joseph-Straße passes through the Martinstor gate and continues on to Kaiserbrücke, which crosses the Dreisam. Like many other streets in downtown Freiburg, Kaiser-Joseph-Straße has a Bächle. Most of the buildings between Siegesdenkmal and Martinstor were completely destroyed in World War II during an air raid on 27 November 1944. Because of the tram, which opened in 1901, the people in charge had to build arcades into the buildings on either side of the street in order to create more space for pedestrian and other traffic, so the tram could continue passing through the Kaiser-Joseph-Straße. Traffic was regulated by traffic lights located at Bertoldsbrunnen. In November 1972, the street became one of the first traffic-calmed areas for pedestrians in Germany. Only tramline 2 (Zähringen-Günstertal), tramline 3 in the south (Vauban-Haid), as well as tramline 5 (Rieselfeld-Hornusstraße) and certain delivery vehicles are allowed to use this street now. These restrictions do not affect the part of Kaiser-Joseph-Straße which is located south of Martinstor.
History
The Kaiser-Joseph-Straße was originally called the "Große Gass" (big alley), where a weekly market was held in medieval times. This is the reason for the great width compared to other streets in historic downtown. In the 15th century the weekly market was relocated to the area in front of the Freiburg Minster.
The connection between the "Große Gass" and the settlements outside the city walls – in the form of the Martinstor – was severed in the 17th century when Sébastien Le Prestre de Vauban had the city fortified and the settlements outside the city walls leveled. Salzstraße was then used as an access road from Höllental. For the bridal procession of the future French Queen Marie Antoinette, consisting of 235 people, 57 wagons and 250 draft and saddle horses, however, the street was not wide enough. In order to give her a welcome which befitted her social status in spite of this, it was decided that she was to enter the city through the gateway called Breisacher Tor via Gartenstraße on 4 May 1770. For this reason two new streets, "Dreisamstraße" and "Schreiberstraße", were built on the northern bank of the Dreisam. Three arcs of triumph were constructed in honor of the Dauphin of France by three of the city’s greater organisations: one by the City of Freiburg erected at the "Karlskaserne", barracks near the town; one by the University where what is today the Old City Hall (Altes Rathaus) and one by the representation of the estates of the realm on "Große Gass". The latter was the biggest of them, measuring 24 meters in height and 18 meters in width. The arc was constructed by Johann Christian Wentzinger, using only wood and plaster. Marie Antoinette stayed at the Kageneckschen House, a locally well-known landmark, on Salzstraße, right before moving on to Schuttern Abbey on the morning of May 6.
After a visit from Joseph II in 1777, the thoroughfare was renamed "Kaiserstraße" in his honor. Around 1840, the thoroughfare was extended southwards, starting from the Martinstor down to the Dreisam. This section was initially named "Stephanienstraße" in honor of Stéphanie de Beauharnais, Grand Duchess of Baden. As a result, the new quarter built in this context was named "Stephanien-Vorstadt". At the turn of the century, there were two wells on the thoroughfare: the "Fischbrunnen" (German for "Fish Well") from the 16th century, which was superseded by the Bertoldsbrunnen in 1806, and the Albert-Ludwig-Brunnen by Josef Alois Knittel from 1868. It was located close to the Siegesdenkmal on the former Kaiser-Wilhelms-Platz.
During the time of National Socialism the entirety of the Kaiserstraße, including its extensions to the north (Zähringerstraße) and to the south (Günterstalstraße), was renamed Adolf-Hitler-Straße. After the Second World War the part that led from the city center to the Dreisam was called Kaiser-Joseph-Straße, while the northern part of the former Adolf-Hitler-Straße was given the name of Habsburgerstraße, in reference to the Habsburg descent of the emperor. In order to keep the established house numbers, however, today they start at 143 on the east side and at 166 on the west side of the Kaiser-Joseph-Straße.
Numerous branches of big trading companies own offices on this street. In the 1970s there were five department stores here, at the beginning of the 21st century only two remained. Basler Hof, which was built by Konrad Stürtzel as a residence in the 15th century, is the only building without any commercial use nowadays. It is one of the most important secular buildings in Freiburg. The name derives from the Basel cathedral chapter who used the residence from 1587 to 1677 when they were forced to relocate to Freiburg as a result of the Reformation in their home town. It currently serves as the representative official residence of Freiburg's district president.
The Kaiser Bridge, which originates from the turn of the century and is located at the other end of the Kaiser-Joseph-Straße, used to be decorated with bronze statues of the Salian Henry V. and Frederick Barbarossa of the House of Hohenstaufen, created by Julius Seitz, as well as statues of Rudolf of Habsburg and Maximilian I., by Fridolin Dietsche. In 1942 they were dismantled and taken to Hamburg to be melted down. Although this did not happen until the war had ended, the municipal council voted down a potential recall of the statues in 1950 because of the potentially substantial transport costs. The statues' foundations can still be seen today.
References
Tourist attractions in Freiburg im Breisgau
Transport in Freiburg im Breisgau
Shopping districts and streets in Germany |
44498014 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University%20of%20Liep%C4%81ja | University of Liepāja | University of Liepāja () is a university in Liepāja, Latvia.
General Information
Liepaja University, founded in 1954, is an accredited state higher educational establishment, which implements study programmes at all three study levels: basic studies, Master and Doctorate studies. The number of students is around 2000 divided over around 30 study directions. Liepaja University offers five full degree study programs taught in English: Computer science, Physics, Information Technology (Bachelor) and Information Technology, New Media Arts (Master). Liepaja University is one of the oldest higher educational establishments in the Kurzeme region.
Organization
Faculties
The University consists of four faculties:
Faculty of Management and Social Sciences
Faculty of Science and Engineering
Faculty of Humanitarian sciences and Arts
Faculty of Pedagogy and Social work
Institutes
Institute of Educational Sciences
Kurzeme Institute of Humanities
Institute of Science and Innovative Technologies
Institute of Management Sciences
References
External links
Universities in Latvia
Educational institutions established in 1954
1954 establishments in the Soviet Union |
23579166 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamura%20Station | Hamura Station | is a passenger railway station located in the city of Hamura, Tokyo, Japan, operated by East Japan Railway Company (JR East).
Lines
Hamura Station is served by the Ōme Line, and is located 11.7 kilometers from the starting point of the line at Tachikawa Station.
Station layout
This station has a single ground-level island platform serving two tracks, with an elevated station building above the platform. The station is staffed.
Platforms
History
The station opened on 19 November 1894. With the privatization of Japanese National Railways (JNR) on 1 April 1987, the station came under the control of JR East.
Passenger statistics
In fiscal 2019, the station was used by an average of 13,687 passengers daily (boarding passengers only).
The passenger figures for previous years are as shown below.
Surrounding area
Tama River
Hamura City Hall
See also
List of railway stations in Japan
References
External links
Railway stations in Tokyo
Railway stations in Japan opened in 1894
Hamura, Tokyo
Ōme Line |
44498019 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Guyett%20Scadding | John Guyett Scadding | John Guyett Scadding (30 August 1907 – 10 November 1999) was a British physician.
He was born in north London, the son of John William and Jessima Alice (née Guyett) Scadding.
He was appointed physician at the Brompton Hospital, London from 1939 to 1972 and at the Royal Postgraduate Medical School, Hammersmith Hospital, from 1946 to 1972. He was also Dean of the Institute of Diseases of the Chest at London University from 1946 to 1960, their Director of Studies from 1950–62 and Professor of Medicine (Emeritus) from 1962 to 1972. In 1946 he became a founder member of a Medical Research Council Committee set up to study the treatment of tuberculosis by newly discovered drugs. He was best known for his seminal work on sarcoidosis and his studies in fibrosing alveolitis.
During the Second World War, he served as Lieutenant-Colonel in charge of a medical division in Egypt, and assisted with the treatment of Winston Churchill for pneumonia at U.S. General Dwight D. Eisenhower's villa in Carthage.
He was Editor of Thorax from 1946 to 1959 and delivered the Bradshaw Lecture at the Royal College of Physicians in 1949 on sarcoidosis. President of the British Tuberculosis Association, 1959–61 and President of the Thoracic Society, 1971-72 he was a major influence in the 1982 merger of the two societies (by which time the British Tuberculosis Society had evolved into the British Thoracic Association) as the British Thoracic Society.
He died at Beaconsfield in 1999. He had married Mabel Pennington and had one son and two daughters.
References
1907 births
1999 deaths
20th-century English medical doctors |
23579168 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangamuka%20River | Mangamuka River | The Mangamuka River is a river of the far north of the Northland Region of New Zealand's North Island. It flows generally south from the Maungataniwha Range southeast of Kaitaia, and the last few kilometres of its length are a wide, silty arm of the Hokianga Harbour, which it reaches northeast of Rawene.
See also
List of rivers of New Zealand
References
Hokianga
Rivers of the Northland Region
Rivers of New Zealand |
23579169 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manganui%20River | Manganui River | Manganui River may refer to the following New Zealand rivers:
Manganui River, Northland
Manganui River, Waikato
Manganui River, Taranaki
Manganui o te Ao River
See also
Manganui
Mangaone River (disambiguation)
Mangapapa River (disambiguation) |
23579172 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manganuioteao%20River | Manganuioteao River | The Manganuioteao River (official name since 22 August 1985, also known as Manganui o te Ao River and shown on older maps as Manganuiateau River) is a river of the centre of New Zealand's North Island. It has its source in numerous streams and small rivers which flow west from the slopes of Mount Ruapehu, though the main course of the river flows predominantly southwest through rugged hill country to meet with the Whanganui River north of Pipiriki, at the edge of the Whanganui National Park.
The New Zealand Ministry for Culture and Heritage gives a translation of "great stream of the world" for Manganui-o-te-Ao. Other translations have been "Great river of light", or "Wide open valley with plenty of daylight".
See also
List of rivers of New Zealand
Tributary rivers
Makatote River
Mangaturturu River
References
Rivers of Manawatū-Whanganui
Rivers of New Zealand |
23579175 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manganuiohou%20River | Manganuiohou River | The Manganuiohou River is a river of the northeast of New Zealand's North Island. It flows southwards from its source in Te Urewera National Park immediately to the northwest of Lake Waikaremoana, and joins with the Waiau River at the park's southwestern boundary.
See also
List of rivers of New Zealand
References
Rivers of the Hawke's Bay Region
Rivers of New Zealand |
44498046 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/At%20Christmas%20%28Sara%20Evans%20album%29 | At Christmas (Sara Evans album) | At Christmas is the eighth studio album and first full-length Christmas album by American country music artist Sara Evans. It was released on November 17, 2014 via RCA Nashville. The physical copy of the album was released exclusively through Walmart stores.
Content
The album features a selection of well-known classic Christmas songs and one original song, the title track, written by Shane Stevens and Toby Lightman. "The Twelve Days of Christmas" features vocals from two of Evans' daughters, Olivia and Audrey. The final three tracks were recorded and released previously on various artist albums: "O Come All Ye Faithful" was featured on Country Christmas 1999, "Go Tell It on the Mountain" on Country Christmas 2001 and "I'll Be Home for Christmas" on Hear Something Country: Christmas 2007. The tracks were first compiled together for a digital EP release in 2009, entitled I'll Be Home for Christmas.
Track listing
Charts
References
2014 Christmas albums
Christmas albums by American artists
Country Christmas albums
Sara Evans albums
RCA Records Christmas albums
Albums produced by Mark Bright (record producer)
Albums produced by Norro Wilson
Albums produced by John Shanks
Albums produced by Patrick Leonard
Albums produced by Buddy Cannon |
23579177 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangaone%20River | Mangaone River | Mangaone River may refer to:
Mangaone River (Hawke's Bay), a river of the Hawke's Bay Region of New Zealand
Mangaone River (Manawatu-Wanganui), a river of the south of New Zealand's North Island
See also
Manganui River (disambiguation)
Mangapapa River (disambiguation) |
17340146 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Muwaffaq | Al-Muwaffaq | Abu Ahmad Talha ibn Ja'far (; 29 November 843 – 2 June 891), better known by his as Al-Muwaffaq Billah (), was an Abbasid prince and military leader, who acted as the de facto regent of the Abbasid Caliphate for most of the reign of his brother, Caliph al-Mu'tamid. His stabilization of the internal political scene after the decade-long "Anarchy at Samarra", his successful defence of Iraq against the Saffarids and the suppression of the Zanj Rebellion restored a measure of the Caliphate's former power and began a period of recovery, which culminated in the reign of al-Muwaffaq's own son, the Caliph al-Mu'tadid.
Early life
Talha, commonly known by the teknonym Abu Ahmad, was born on 29 November 843, as the son of the Caliph Ja'far al-Mutawakkil () and a Greek slave concubine, Eshar, known as Umm Ishaq. In 861, he was present in his father's murder at Samarra by the Turkish military slaves (): the historian al-Tabari reports that he had been drinking with his father that night, and came upon the assassins while going to the toilet, but after a brief attempt to protect the caliph, he retired to his own rooms when he realized that his efforts were futile. The murder was almost certainly instigated by al-Mutawakkil's son and heir, al-Muntasir, who immediately ascended the throne; nevertheless Abu Ahmad's own role in the affair is suspect as well, given his close ties later on with the Turkish military leaders. According to historian Hugh Kennedy, "it is possible, therefore, that Abu Ahmad had already had close links with the young Turks before the murder, or that they were forged on that night". This murder opened a period of internal upheaval known as the "Anarchy at Samarra", where the Turkish military chiefs vied with other powerful groups, and with each other, over control of the government and its financial resources.
It was during this period of turmoil, in February 865, that Caliph al-Musta'in () and two of the senior Turkish officers, Wasif and Bugha the Younger, fled from Samarra to the old Abbasid capital, Baghdad, where they could count on the support of the city's Tahirid governor, Muhammad ibn Abdallah. The Turkish army in Samarra then selected al-Musta'in's brother al-Mu'tazz () as Caliph, and Abu Ahmad was entrusted with the conduct of operations against al-Musta'in and his supporters. The ensuing siege of Baghdad lasted from February to December 865. In the end, Abu Ahmad and Muhammad ibn Abdallah reached a negotiated settlement, which would see al-Musta'in abdicate. As a result, on 25 January 866, al-Mu'tazz was acclaimed as caliph in the Friday prayer in Baghdad. Contrary to the agreed terms, however, al-Musta'in was murdered. It was most likely during this time that Abu Ahmad consolidated his relationship with the Turkish military, especially with Musa ibn Bugha, who played a crucial role during the siege. Abu Ahmad further solidified these ties when he secured a pardon for Bugha the Younger.
On his return to Samarra, Abu Ahmad was initially received with honour by the Caliph, but six months later he was thrown into prison as a potential rival, along with another of his brothers, al-Mu'ayyad. The latter was soon executed, but Abu Ahmad survived thanks to the protection of the Turkish military. Eventually, he was released and exiled to Basra before being allowed to return to Baghdad, where he was forced to reside at the Qasr al-Dinar palace in East Baghdad. He was so popular there that at the time of al-Mu'tazz's death in July 869, the army and the people clamoured in favour of his elevation to the caliphate, rather than al-Muhtadi (). Al-Muwaffaq refused, however, and took the oath of allegiance to al-Muhtadi.
Regent of the Caliphate
At the time al-Muhtadi was killed by the Turks in June 870, Abu Ahmad was at Mecca. Immediately he hastened north to Samarra, where he and Musa ibn Bugha effectively sidelined the new Caliph, al-Mu'tamid (), and assumed control of the government.
In his close relations with the Turkish military, and his active participation in military affairs, al-Muwaffaq differed from most Abbasid princes of his time, and resembles rather his grandfather, Caliph al-Mu'tasim (). Like al-Mu'tasim, this relationship was to be the foundation of al-Muwaffaq's power: when the Turkish rank and file demanded that one of the Caliph's brothers to be appointed as their commander—bypassing their own leaders, who were accused of misappropriating salaries—al-Muwaffaq was appointed the main intermediary between the caliphal government and the Turkish military. In return for the Turks' loyalty, he apparently abolished the other competing corps of the caliphal army such as the Maghariba or the Faraghina, which are no longer mentioned after . Hugh Kennedy sums up the arrangement thus: "al-Muwaffaq assured their status and their position as the army of the caliphate and al-Muwaffaq's role in the civil administration meant that they received their pay". Al-Muwaffaq's close personal relationship with the Turkish military leadership—initially Musa ibn Bugha, as well as Kayghalagh and Ishaq ibn Kundaj after Musa's death in 877—his own prestige as a prince of the dynasty, and the exhaustion after a decade of civil strife, allowed him to establish unchallenged control over the Turks, as indicated by their willingness to participate in costly campaigns under his leadership.
Following the sack of Basra by the Zanj in 871, Abu Ahmad was also conferred an extensive governorship, covering most of the lands still under direct caliphal control: the Hejaz, Yemen, Iraq with Baghdad and Wasit, Basra, Ahwaz and Fars. To denote his authority, he assumed an honorific name in the style of the caliphs, (). His power was further expanded on 20 July 875, when the Caliph included him in the line of succession after his own underage son, Ja'far al-Mufawwad, and divided the empire in two large spheres of government. The western provinces were given to al-Mufawwad, while al-Muwaffaq was given charge of the eastern ones; in practice, al-Muwaffaq continued to exercise control over the western provinces as well.
With al-Mu'tamid largely confined to Samarra, al-Muwaffaq and his personal secretaries (Sulayman ibn Wahb, Sa'id ibn Makhlad, and Isma'il ibn Bulbul) effectively ruled the Caliphate from Baghdad. What little autonomy al-Mu'tamid enjoyed was further curtailed after the death of the long-serving vizier Ubayd Allah ibn Yahya ibn Khaqan in 877, when al-Muwaffaq assumed the right to appoint the Caliph's viziers himself. However, it was not the viziers, but al-Muwaffaq's personal secretary Sa'id ibn Makhlad, who was the outstanding figure in the Caliphate's bureaucracy, at least until his own disgrace in 885. He was followed by Isma'il ibn Bulbul, who served concurrently as vizier to both brothers.
Campaigns
As the main military leader of the Caliphate, it fell upon al-Muwaffaq to meet the numerous challenges to caliphal authority that sprung up during these years. Indeed, as Michael Bonner writes, "al-Muwaffaq's decisive leadership was to save the Abbasid caliphate from destruction on more than one occasion". The main military threats to the Abbasid Caliphate were the Zanj Rebellion in southern Iraq and the ambitions of Ya'qub ibn al-Layth, the founder of the Saffarid dynasty, in the east. Al-Muwaffaq's drive and energy played a crucial role in their suppression.
Confronting the Saffarids
A humble soldier, Ya'qub, surnamed al-Saffar ('the Coppersmith'), had exploited the decade-long Samarra strife to first gain control over his native Sistan, and then to expand his control. By 873 he ruled over almost all of the eastern lands of the Caliphate, ousting the hitherto dominant Tahirids from power, a move denounced by al-Muwaffaq. Finally, in 875 he seized control of the province of Fars, which not only provided much of the scarce revenue for the Caliphate's coffers, but was also dangerously close to Iraq. The Abbasids tried to prevent an attack by Ya'qub by formally recognizing him as governor over all the eastern provinces and by granting him special honours, including adding his name to the Friday sermon and appointment to the influential position of (chief of police) in Baghdad. Nevertheless, in the next year Ya'qub began his advance on Baghdad, until he was confronted and decisively beaten by the Abbasids under al-Muwaffaq and Musa ibn Bugha at the Battle of Dayr al-Aqul near Baghdad. The Abbasid victory, a complete surprise to many, saved the capital.
Nevertheless, the Saffarids remained firmly ensconced in their possession of most of the Iranian provinces, and in 879, even the Abbasid court had to recognize Ya'qub as governor of Fars. After Ya'qub died from illness in the same year, his brother and successor, Amr ibn al-Layth, hacknowledged the Caliph's suzerainty and had been rewarded with the governorship over the eastern provinces and the position of of Baghdad—essentially the same posts the Tahirids had held—in exchange for an annual tribute of one million dirhams. Soon Amr was having trouble asserting his authority, especially in Khurasan, where already under Ya'qub pro-Tahirid opposition had emerged, first under Ahmad ibn Abdallah al-Khujistani, and then under Rafi ibn Harthama, who challenged Saffarid rule over the province.
With the Zanj subdued, after 883 al-Muwaffaq turned his attention again to the east. In 884/5, al-Muwaffaq ordered the public cursing of Amr, and appointed the Dulafid Ahmad ibn Abd al-Aziz as governor of Kirman and Fars, and the reinstated the ousted Tahirid governor, Muhammad ibn Tahir, as governor over Khurasan, with Rafi ibn Harthama as his deputy. The army under the vizier Sa'id ibn Makhlad conquered most of the province of Fars, forcing Amr himself to come west. After initial success against the caliphal general Tark ibn al-Abbas, Amr was routed by Ahmad ibn Abd al-Aziz in 886, and again in 887 by al-Muwaffaq in person. Amr's ally, Abu Talha Mansur ibn Sharkab, defected to the Abbasids, but Amr was able to retreat to Sijistan, protected from pursuit by the desert.
The threat by the Tulunids and the Byzantines in the west forced al-Muwaffaq to negotiate a settlement in 888/9 that largely restored the previous status quo, with Amr recognized as governor of Khurasan, Fars, and Kirman, paying 10 million dirhams as tribute in exchange, and his agent, the Tahirid Ubaydallah ibn Abdallah ibn Tahir, sent to become of Baghdad. In 890, al-Muwaffaq again attempted to take back Fars, but this time the invading Abbasid army under Ahmad ibn Abd al-Aziz was defeated, and another agreement restored peaceful relations and Amr's titles and possessions.
Suppression of the Zanj Revolt
The struggle against the uprising of the Zanj slaves in the marshlands of southern Iraq—according to Michael Bonner "the greatest slave rebellion in the history of Islam"—which began in September 869, was a long and difficult conflict, and almost brought the Caliphate to is knees. Due to the Saffarid threat, the Abbasids could not fully mobilize against the Zanj until 879. Consequently, the Zanj initially held the upper hand, capturing much of lower Iraq including Basra and Wasit and defeating the Abbasid armies, which were reduced to trying to contain the Zanj advance. The balance tipped after 879, when al-Muwaffaq's son Abu'l-Abbas, the future Caliph al-Mu'tadid (), was given the command. Abu'l-Abbas was joined in 880 by al-Muwaffaq himself, and in a succession of engagements in the marshes of southern Iraq, the Abbasid forces drove back the Zanj towards their capital, Mukhtara, which fell in August 883. Another son of al-Muwaffaq, Harun, also participated in the campaigns. He also served as nominal governor of a few provinces, but died young on 7 November 883.
The victory over the Zanj was celebrated as a major triumph for al-Muwaffaq personally and for his regime: al-Muwaffaq received the victory title ('he who upholds the Faith of God'), while his secretary Sa'id ibn Makhlad received the title ('holder of the two vizierates').
Relations with the Tulunids
At the same time, al-Muwaffaq also had to confront the challenge posed by the ambitious governor of Egypt, Ahmad ibn Tulun. The son of a Turkish slave, Ibn Tulun had been the province's governor since the reign of al-Mu'tazz, and expanded his power further in 871, when he expelled the caliphal fiscal agent and assumed direct control of Egypt's revenue, which he used to create an army of of his own. Preoccupied with the more immediate threats of the Saffarids and the Zanj rebels, as well as with keeping in check the Turkish troops and managing the internal tensions of the caliphal government, al-Muwaffaq was unable to react. This gave Ibn Tulun the necessary time to consolidate his own position in Egypt.
Open conflict between Ibn Tulun and al-Muwaffaq broke out in 875/6, on the occasion of a large remittance of revenue to the central government. Counting on the rivalry between the Caliph and his over-mighty brother to maintain his own position, Ibn Tulun forwarded a larger share of the taxes to al-Mu'tamid (2.2 million gold dinars) instead of al-Muwaffaq (1.2 million dinars). Al-Muwaffaq, who in his fight against the Zanj considered himself entitled to the major share of the provincial revenues, was angered by this, and by the implied machinations between Ibn Tulun and his brother. Al-Muwaffaq sought someone to replace Ibn Tulun, but all the officials in Baghdad had been bought off by the governor of Egypt, and refused. Al-Muwaffaq sent a letter to the Egyptian ruler demanding his resignation, which the latter predictably refused. Both sides geared for war. Al-Muwaffaq nominated Musa ibn Bugha as governor of Egypt and sent him with troops to Syria. Due to a combination of lack of pay and supplies for the troops, and the fear generated by Ibn Tulun's army, Musa never got further than Raqqa. After ten months of inaction and a rebellion by his troops, Musa returned to Iraq, without having achieved anything. In a public gesture of support for al-Mu'tamid and opposition to al-Muwaffaq, Ibn Tulun assumed the title of 'Servant of the Commander of the Faithful' () in 878.
Ibn Tulun now seized the initiative. Having served in his youth in the border wars with the Byzantine Empire at Tarsus, he now requested to be conferred the command of the frontier districts of Cilicia (the Thughur). Al-Muwaffaq initially refused, but following the Byzantine successes of the previous years al-Mu'tamid prevailed upon his brother and in 877/8 Ibn Tulun received responsibility for the entirety of Syria and the Cilician frontier, which Ibn Tulun proceeded to take over in person. Back in Egypt, however, his son Ahmad, possibly encourage by al-Muwaffaq, was preparing to usurp his father's position. This was unsuccessful, and on his return to Egypt in 879, Ibn Tulun captured his son and had him imprisoned. Following his return from Syria, Ibn Tulun added his own name to coins issued by the mints under his control, along with those of the Caliph and heir apparent, al-Mufawwad, thus proclaiming himself as a de facto independent ruler.
In the autumn of 882, the Tulunid general Lu'lu' defected to the Abbasids, while the new governor of Tarsus in the Cilician Thughur refused to acknowledge Tulunid suzerainty. This prompted ibn Tulun to once again move into Syria. This coincided with an attempt by al-Mu'tamid to escape from Samarra and seek sanctuary with Ibn Tulun, who was in Damascus. However, the governor of Mosul, Ishaq ibn Kundajiq, acting on instructions by al-Muwaffaq, arrested the caliph and handed him back to al-Muwaffaq, who placed his brother under effective house arrest at Wasit. This opened anew the rift between the two rulers: al-Muwaffaq nominated Ishaq ibn Kundaj as governor of Egypt and Syria—in reality a largely symbolic appointment—while Ibn Tulun organized an assembly of religious jurists at Damascus which denounced al-Muwaffaq as a usurper, condemned his maltreatment of al-Mu'tamid, declared his place in the succession as void, and called for a jihad against him. Ibn Tulun had his rival duly denounced in sermons in the mosques across the Tulunid domains, while the Abbasid regent responded in kind with a ritual denunciation of Ibn Tulun. Despite the belligerent rhetoric, however, neither made moves to confront the other militarily. Only in 883 did Ibn Tulun send an army to take over to take over the two holy cities of Islam, Mecca and Medina, but it was defeated by the Abbasids.
After Ibn Tulun's death in 884, al-Muwaffaq attempted again to retake control of Egypt from Ibn Tulun's successor Khumarawayh. Khumarawayh however defeated an expedition under Abu'l-Abbas, and extended his control over most of the Jazira as well. In 886, al-Muwaffaq was forced to recognize the Tulunids as hereditary governors over Egypt and Syria for 30 years, in exchange for an annual tribute of 300,000 dinars.
Final years and the succession
Towards the end of the 880s, al-Muwaffaq's relations with his son Abu'l-Abbas deteriorated, although the reason is unclear. In 889, Abu'l-Abbas was arrested and imprisoned on his father's orders, where he remained despite the demonstrations of the loyal to him. He apparently remained under arrest until May 891, when al-Muwaffaq, already nearing his death, returned to Baghdad after two years in Jibal. By this time, the gout from which he had long suffered had incapacitated him to the extent that he could nor ride, and required a specially prepared litter. It was evident to observers that he was nearing his end. The vizier Ibn Bulbul, who was opposed to Abu'l-Abbas, called al-Mu'tamid and al-Mufawwad into the city, but the popularity of Abu'l-Abbas with the troops and the populace was such that he was released from captivity and recognized as his father's heir. Al-Muwaffaq died on 2 June, and was buried in al-Rusafah near his mother's tomb. Two days later, Abu'l-Abbas succeeded his father in his offices and received the oath of allegiance as second heir after al-Mufawwad. In October 892, al-Mu'tamid died and Abu'l-Abbas al-Mu'tadid brushed aside his cousin to ascend the throne, quickly emerging as "the most powerful and effective Caliph since al-Mutawakkil" (Kennedy).
References
Sources
843 births
891 deaths
Sons of Abbasid caliphs
Generals of the Abbasid Caliphate
Regents
9th-century rulers in Asia
Government of the Abbasid Caliphate
9th-century Arabs
9th-century people of the Abbasid Caliphate |
23579181 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangaoparo%20River | Mangaoparo River | The Mangaoparo River is a river of the Gisborne Region of New Zealand's North Island. It is located close to the island's northeasternmost point, flowing southeast from the slopes of Mount Raukumara in the Raukumara Range to reach the Waiapu River northeast of Ruatoria.
See also
List of rivers of New Zealand
References
Rivers of the Gisborne District
Rivers of New Zealand |
44498052 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stars%20Are%20Born | Stars Are Born | Stars Are Born was an early American television series which aired in New York City during 1951. A local series, it aired on DuMont Television Network's flagship station WABD, and like most WABD series was likely considered eligible to be picked up as a network series. It ran for several months, and aired in a 30-minute time-slot. It is not known if the series had a sponsor (surviving kinescopes of DuMont and WABD series suggest that, if it had a sponsor, the running time was about 24–25 minutes excluding commercials). It debuted February 4 and ran into May. The series featured dance numbers performed by children enrolled in various dancing schools in New York City. The program is likely lost, as most "local" shows of the 1950s are lost.
Reception
Bob Lanigan for the Brooklyn Eagle newspaper said the program was "far from dull" and "had plenty of sparkle and imagination".
References
External links
Stars are Born on IMDb
1950s American children's television series
1951 American television series debuts
1951 American television series endings
American live television series
Lost American television shows
Black-and-white American television shows
Dance television shows
Local children's television programming in the United States |
23579183 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangaorino%20River | Mangaorino River | The Mangaorino River is a river of the Waikato region of New Zealand's North island. It is a tributary of the Mangapu River, which it meets north of Te Kuiti.
See also
List of rivers of New Zealand
References
Rivers of Waikato
Rivers of New Zealand |
6904049 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modern%20Greek%20phonology | Modern Greek phonology | This article deals with the phonology and phonetics of Standard Modern Greek. For phonological characteristics of other varieties, see varieties of Modern Greek, and for Cypriot, specifically, see .
Consonants
Greek linguists do not agree on which consonants to count as phonemes in their own right, and which to count as conditional allophones. The table below is adapted from , who considers the palatals and both affricates, and , to be allophonic.
The alveolar nasal is assimilated to following obstruents; it can be labiodental (e.g. 'doubt'), dental (e.g. 'flower'), retracted alveolar (e.g. 'pliers'), alveolo-palatal (e.g. 'to annoy'), or velar (e.g. 'stress').
Voiceless stops are unaspirated and with a very short voice onset time. They may be lightly voiced in rapid speech, especially when intervocalic. 's exact place of articulation ranges from alveolar to denti-alveolar, to dental. It may be fricated in rapid speech, and very rarely, in function words, it is deleted. and are reduced to lesser degrees in rapid speech.
Voiced stops are prenasalised (which is reflected in the orthography) to varying extents, and sometimes not at all. The nasal component—when present—does not increase the duration of the stop's closure; as such, prenasalised voiced stops would be most accurately transcribed or , depending on the length of the nasal component. Word-initially and after or , they are very rarely, if ever, prenasalised. In rapid and casual speech, prenasalisation is generally rarer, and voiced stops may be lenited to fricatives. This also accounts for Greeks having trouble disambiguating voiced stops, nasalised voiced stops, and nasalised voiceless stops in borrowings and names from foreign languages; for example, d, nd, and nt, which are all written ντ in Greek.
and are somewhat retracted (); they are produced in between English alveolars and postalveolars . is variably fronted or further retracted depending on environment, and, in some cases, it may be better described as an advanced postalveolar ().
The only Greek rhotic is prototypically an alveolar tap , often retracted (). It may be an alveolar approximant intervocalically, and is usually a trill in clusters, with two or three short cycles.
Greek has palatals that contrast with velars before , but in complementary distribution with velars before front vowels . and occur as allophones of and , respectively, in (consonant–glide–vowel) clusters, in analyses that posit an archiphoneme-like glide that contrasts with the vowel . All palatals may be analysed in the same way. The palatal stops and fricatives are somewhat retracted, and and are somewhat fronted. is best described as a postalveolar, and as alveolo-palatal.
Finally, Greek has two phonetically affricate clusters, and . is reluctant to treat these as phonemes on the grounds of inconclusive research into their phonological behaviour.
The table below, adapted from , displays a near-full array of consonant phones in Standard Modern Greek.
Sandhi
Some assimilatory processes mentioned above also occur across word boundaries. In particular, this goes for a number of grammatical words ending in , most notably the negation particles and and the accusative forms of the personal pronoun and definite article and . If these words are followed by a voiceless stop, either assimilates for place of articulation to the stop, or is altogether deleted, and the stop becomes voiced. This results in pronunciations such as ('the father' ACC) or ('it doesn't matter'), instead of and . The precise extent of assimilation may vary according to dialect, speed and formality of speech. This may be compared with pervasive sandhi phenomena in Celtic languages, particularly nasalisation in Irish and in certain dialects of Scottish Gaelic.
Vowels
Greek has a system of five vowels . The first two have qualities approaching their respective cardinal vowels , the mid vowels are true-mid and the open is near-open central
There is no phonemic length distinction, but vowels in stressed syllables are pronounced somewhat longer than in unstressed syllables. Furthermore, vowels in stressed syllables are more peripheral, but the difference is not large. In casual speech, unstressed and in the vicinity of voiceless consonants may become devoiced or even elided.
Modern Greek retains the fricativization that has existed in many varieties of Greek since at least the first century BCE. The phonetic values of ⟨αυ⟩, ⟨ευ⟩ and ⟨ηυ⟩ are , and when they appear before a voiced consonant or a vowel and , and otherwise (before voiceless consonants).
Stress
Unlike Ancient Greek, which had a pitch accent system, Modern Greek has variable (phonologically unpredictable) stress. Every multisyllabic word carries stress on one of its three final syllables. Enclitics form a single phonological word together with the host word to which they attach, and count towards the three-syllable rule too. In these cases, primary stress shifts to the second-to-last syllable (e.g. 'my car'). Phonetically, stressed syllables are longer, or carry higher amplitude, or both.
The position of the stress can vary between different inflectional forms of the same word within its inflectional paradigm. In some paradigms, the stress is always on the third last syllable, shifting its position in those forms that have longer affixes (e.g. 'I called' vs. 'we called'; 'problem' vs. 'problems'). In some word classes, stress position also preserves an older pattern inherited from Ancient Greek, according to which a word could not be accented on the third-from-last syllable if the last syllable was long, e.g. ('man', nom. sg., last syllable short), but ('of men', gen. pl., last syllable long). However, in Modern Greek this rule is no longer automatic and does not apply to all words (e.g. 'monk', 'of monks'), as the phonological length distinction itself no longer exists.
Sample
This sample text, the first sentence of Aesop's fable "The North Wind and the Sun" in Greek, and the accompanying transcription, are adapted from .
Orthographic version
Transcription
Notes
References
Further reading
External links
About the Greek Language – Harry Foundalis
Segmentals and suprasegmentals in Modern Greek with pronunciation
Phonology
Greek phonologies |
23579184 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ozaku%20Station | Ozaku Station | is a passenger railway station situated in the city of Hamura, Tokyo, Japan, operated by the East Japan Railway Company (JR East).
Lines
Ozaku Station is served by the Ōme Line, and is located 14.1 kilometers from the starting point of the line at Tachikawa Station.
Station layout
This station consists of a two opposed ground-level side platforms serving two tracks, with an elevated station building above the tracks and then the platforms. The station is staffed.
Platforms
History
The station was first opened on 19 November 1894. With the privatization of Japanese National Railways (JNR) on 1 April 1987, the station came under the control of JR East. A new station building was completed in March 1993.
Passenger statistics
In fiscal 2019, the station was used by an average of 16,111 passengers daily (boarding passengers only).
The passenger figures for previous years are as shown below.
Surrounding area
Musashino Park
See also
List of railway stations in Japan
References
External links
JR East station information
Railway stations in Tokyo
Railway stations in Japan opened in 1894
Hamura, Tokyo
Ōme Line |
6904051 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parley%20P.%20Christensen | Parley P. Christensen | Parley Parker Christensen (July 19, 1869 – February 10, 1954) was an American attorney and politician who was a Utah state representative, a Los Angeles City Council member, and the Farmer–Labor Party's presidential nominee during the 1920 presidential election. He was a member of several third parties and chairman of the Illinois Progressive party.
Early life
Christensen was born on July 19, 1869, in Weston, Idaho, to Peter and Sophia M. Christensen and was taken by them to Newton, Utah. In 1890 he graduated from the University of Utah Normal School and University of Deseret, then became a teacher and principal in Murray and Grantsville, Utah. In 1897, he graduated from Cornell University Law School and practiced law in Salt Lake City.
Early political career
From 1892 to 1895, he was superintendent of schools in Tooele County, Utah. In 1895 he was secretary of the Utah constitutional convention that drafted a state constitution for submission to Congress. In the late 1890s he was city attorney of Grantsville. Between 1900 and 1904 Christensen was a Republican state officer, including party chairman. In 1902 he was defeated for renomination as county attorney, but in 1904, he was elected again to that office. Christensen unsuccessfully sought the Republican nomination for Congress in 1906, 1908, and 1910 against incumbent Joseph Howell.
From 1901 to 1906 he was prosecuting attorney for Salt Lake County. In 1906 he was cited to appear before a district court judge to show why he had not approved the issuance of a warrant for the arrest of Joseph F. Smith, president of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, "on a charge of sustaining unlawful relations with one of his five wives. From 1910 to 1912 he was a member of the Utah House of Representatives as a Republican. In the latter year, Christensen joined Theodore Roosevelt's Progressive Party and ran as the Progressive candidate for the Utah House of Representatives. He lost, but two years later he was elected to that office as a Progressive; he served one term. He supported a number of reforms.
Between 1915 and 1920, Christensen became "increasingly involved with various left-wing and labor groups" in Utah. He helped organize the Utah Labor Party in 1919, defended several radicals incarcerated at Fort Douglas, Utah, charged with opposition to American involvement in World War I. He was president of the Popular Government League, organized in 1916, which argued for adopting the initiative and referendum in Utah.
Presidential campaign
In June 1920, Christensen was a delegate to the Chicago joint conventions of the Labor Party of the United States and the progressive Committee of Forty-Eight, whose leaders hoped to merge and to nominate a presidential ticket. The Farmer-Labor Party was the result, with Christensen as presidential nominee. He campaigned for nationalization of railroads and utilities, an eight-hour working day, a federal Department of Education, and an end to the Espionage and Sedition Acts. In the election, he received 265,411 votes in nineteen states. Christensen did the best in Washington and in South Dakota, where he came close to out-polling the Democratic candidate, James M. Cox.
Later life
He remained in Chicago after the convention and became chairman of the Illinois Progressive Party and its unsuccessful candidate for US Senator in 1926.
In 1921 Christensen moved to Los Angeles, California, where he was elected to the city council in 1935. He joined the End Poverty in California crusade of Upton Sinclair and the Utopian Society. Christensen had the endorsement of the End Poverty in California movement when he won Los Angeles City Council District 9 seat in 1935 from the incumbent, George W.C. Baker. He held the seat for two years but did not run for re-election in 1937. Two years later, however, he was sent back to the council and held the post until 1949, when he was defeated by Edward R. Roybal. In the first part of his terms, the 9th District covered the core of Downtown Los Angeles, but later, it was shifted eastward to encompass an area with a heavily Hispanic population.
Death
Christensen died at age 84 on February 9, 1954, in Queen of Angels Hospital, Los Angeles.
References
|-
|-
1869 births
Candidates in the 1920 United States presidential election
1954 deaths
20th-century American lawyers
20th-century American politicians
American Esperantists
American people of Danish descent
School superintendents in Utah
American Unitarians
Burials at Chapel of the Pines Crematory
California Democrats
California Progressives (1924)
Cornell Law School alumni
District attorneys in Utah
Illinois Farmer–Laborites
Illinois Progressives (1924)
Los Angeles City Council members
Members of the Utah House of Representatives
People from Cache County, Utah
People from Franklin County, Idaho
Utah Farmer–Laborites
Utah Progressives (1912)
Utah Republicans
University of Utah alumni
Members of the Odd Fellows |
6904054 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ray%20Beckerman | Ray Beckerman | Ray Beckerman is an attorney in New York City, practicing law at Ray Beckerman, P.C. He is noted for his analysis and commentary on the RIAA's campaign, commenced in 2003, of copyright infringement lawsuits against individuals engaged unauthorized peer-to-peer file sharing of music.
Beckerman was admitted to the bar on January 17, 1979, and has served primarily as a commercial litigation attorney, but also practiced internet law, business law, copyright, trademark, and entertainment law.
In addition to his legal work, he writes several blogs: "Ohio Election Fraud" (formerly "Fairness"), which deals with the 2004 presidential litigation in the state of Ohio, "Recording Industry vs. The People", which chronicles the above-mentioned lawsuits between RIAA labels and individual defendants, "Ray's 2.0", about social media, and "Fairness", which deals with issues of social justice and human rights.
He is a member of the Electronic Frontier Foundation. A member of the Entertainment Law Committee of the Association of the Bar of the City of New York, he has previously served on that body's Copyright Law, Information Technology Law, and Civil Court committees. He is well known in the Slashdot internet community, where he posts under the username "NewYorkCountryLawyer" and in the Twitter community under the username "raybeckerman".
References
External links
Ray Beckerman at Recording Industry vs The People
New York (state) lawyers
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people) |
23579185 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangaotaki%20River | Mangaotaki River | The Mangaotaki River is a river of the southern Waikato region of New Zealand's North Island. It flows generally southeast from its sources in the coastal Herangi Range to reach the Mokau River southwest of Piopio.
About above its confluence with the Mokau the river is bridged by SH3. The river at that point is too polluted for swimming.
One of its upper tributaries is the Waitanguru Stream, which has Waitanguru Falls on it.
The New Zealand Ministry for Culture and Heritage gives a translation of "stream of oratory" for Mangaotaki.
See also
List of rivers of New Zealand
References
Waitomo District
Rivers of Waikato
Rivers of New Zealand |
23579188 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangapa%20River | Mangapa River | The Mangapa River is a river of the far north of New Zealand's North Island. It flows south from its sources in the Omahuta Forest to reach the Waipapa River west of Kerikeri.
See also
List of rivers of New Zealand
References
Far North District
Rivers of the Northland Region
Rivers of New Zealand |
6904060 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patent%20portfolio | Patent portfolio | A patent portfolio is a collection of patents owned by a single entity, such as an individual or corporation. The patents may be related or unrelated. Patent applications may also be regarded as included in a patent portfolio.
The monetary benefits of a patent portfolio include a market monopoly position for the portfolio holder and revenue from licensing the intellectual property. Non-monetary benefits include strategic advantages like first-mover advantages and defense against rival portfolio holders. Constituting a patent portfolio may also be used to encourage investment.
Because patents have a fixed lifespan (term of patent), elements of a portfolio of patents constantly expire and enter the public domain.
Market value and evaluation
The value of a corporation's patent portfolio can be a significant fraction of the overall value of the corporation. Ocean Tomo LLC, for example, maintains an index of corporations whose market value is governed in large part by their patent portfolio value. The index is called "Ocean Tomo 300 Patent Index".
Another example is IPscore—acquired in 2006 by the European Patent Office—a software application, developed by the Danish Patent and Trademark Office. The application estimates "the economic value of patents and development projects".
Patent portfolio valuation
Because patent portfolios can contain hundreds, sometimes thousands, of patents, companies that wish to license a patent portfolio often must negotiate without complete information. In many cases, it is too costly for the negotiating parties to assess the validity and value of each of the portfolio's individual patents. Instead, parties will attempt to set a royalty that, over time, "converges on an objective probabilistic assessment of the portfolio's value."
See also
Intellectual property valuation
Patent holding company
Patent map
Patent monetization
Patent pool
Patent thicket
Patent troll
References
Patent law
Monopoly (economics) |
20472519 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kim%20Yong-sik | Kim Yong-sik | Kim Yong-sik (; Hanja: 金容植; 25 July 1910 – 8 March 1985) was a South Korean football player and manager. He is esteemed as the godfather of the South Korean football.
International career
Kim played international football for both Japan and South Korea. When Korea was ruled by Japan, Kim was the only Korean footballer to be selected for the Japanese national team for the Summer Olympics. In the first round of the 1936 Summer Olympics against Sweden, he contributed to Japan's victory by assisting the winning goal in the tournament. After the Olympics, Kim joined Waseda University which had many Japan's national players, but he went back to Korea because of the discrimination about Koreans.
Kim could participate in the Olympics as a Korean player after the end of the Japanese forced occupation. He achieved the first-ever victory of South Korean football against Mexico as a player-coach in the 1948 Summer Olympics. After his retirement, he managed South Korea in the 1954 FIFA World Cup and the 1960 AFC Asian Cup.
Style of play
Kim had fast pace, elaborate techniques, and high workrate which most footballers need. Japan also couldn't ignore his abilities, selecting him for the Japanese national team. He played as a centre-half, but he was a playmaker who took part in the attack.
Personal life
Kim was diligent and only absorbed in the football. He extremely avoided harmful things to human body, and had ardor for training. His healthy habit made him continue his playing career until the age of forty.
Career statistics
International
Source:
Managerial statistics
Honours
Player
Soongsil College
All Joseon Football Tournament: 1931
Kyungsung FC
All Joseon Football Tournament: 1936
Emperor's Cup: 1935
Chōsen Shrine Games: 1935
Meiji Shrine Games: 1935
Joseon Electrical Industry
Korean National Championship: 1949
Individual
Korean FA Hall of Fame: 2005
Manager
South Korea
AFC Asian Cup: 1960
Yangzee
Korean National Championship: 1968
Asian Champion Club Tournament runner-up: 1969
References
External links
Japan National Football Team Database
1910 births
1985 deaths
Japanese footballers
South Korean footballers
Japan international footballers
South Korea international footballers
Kyungsung FC players
Pyongyang FC players
Olympic footballers of Japan
Footballers at the 1936 Summer Olympics
Olympic footballers of South Korea
Footballers at the 1948 Summer Olympics
Dual internationalists (football)
South Korean football managers
South Korea national football team managers
1954 FIFA World Cup managers
South Korean football referees
Zainichi Korean people
Association football midfielders |
23579189 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manuel%20Bara%C3%B1ao | Manuel Barañao | Eraldon Manuel Barañao (August 5, 1791 – ?), was born in Tigre, Buenos Aires, Argentina but traveled to Chile in 1809, becoming a revolutionary supporter of Juan Martínez de Rozas and taking up commerce.
Role in the Chilean War of Independence
Barañao began the Chilean War of Independence as a supporter of the patriots; after the royalists conquered the city of Concepción, Chile and many patriots fell to infighting, however, his views began to shift and he became a support of the royalists. Under the governorship of Mariano Osorio he took up the position of colonel of the hussars under king Ferdinand VII of Spain and became a famous soldier and swordsman within the Spanish army. His particular unit, a 150-strong squadron of hussars, served prominently at the royalist victory of Battle of Rancagua in 1814. After the defeat of the Battle of Chacabuco, however, like many other royalists he was forced to emigrate to Peru.
Personal life
In 1814 Barañao married Josefa Valenzuela Santibáñez, daughter of Diego Valenzuela Avalos y Mercedes Santibáñez Careaga, with whom he had four children: Joaquín, Aniceto, José Manuel and Diego. Barañao returned to Chile with the change of government in the 1830s.
1790 births
Chilean Army officers
People of the Chilean War of Independence
History of Chile
Year of death unknown
Date of birth unknown |
20472525 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reorganized%20Social%20Democratic%20Party%20of%20Hungary | Reorganized Social Democratic Party of Hungary | The Reorganized Social Democratic Party of Hungary () was a political party in Hungary. It was founded in 1900 by Vilmos Mezőfi. Mezőfi, a journalist by profession, had been expelled from the Social Democratic Party of Hungary for being outspoken on agrarian issues. Mezőfi's party advocated land reforms, and forced sales of large estates of land.
References
Political parties in Austria-Hungary
Political parties established in 1900
1900 establishments in Hungary
Social democratic parties in Hungary |
23579191 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangapai%20River | Mangapai River | The Mangapai River is a river of the Northland Region of New Zealand's North Island. It is perhaps better described as a silty arm of Whangarei Harbour, located due south of Whangarei. Its average width is some , but the silty nature of its course means that the stream itself is far narrower.
The New Zealand Ministry for Culture and Heritage gives a translation of "good stream" for Mangapai.
See also
List of rivers of New Zealand
References
Whangarei District
Rivers of the Northland Region
Rivers of New Zealand |
23579192 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangapapa%20River | Mangapapa River | Mangapapa River may refer to:
Mangapapa River (Bay of Plenty) - a river of the western Bay of Plenty Region of New Zealand's North Island
Mangapapa River (Manawatu-Wanganui) - a river of the Manawatu-Wanganui Region of New Zealand's North Island
See also
Mangapapa for the suburb of Gisborne, New Zealand.
Manganui River (disambiguation)
Mangaone River (disambiguation) |
44498061 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Souls%20Grown%20Deep%20Foundation | Souls Grown Deep Foundation | Souls Grown Deep Foundation is a non-profit organization dedicated to documenting, preserving, and promoting the work of leading contemporary African American artists from the Southeastern United States. Its mission is to include their contributions in the canon of American art history through acquisitions from its collection by major museums, as well as through exhibitions, programs, and publications. The foundation derives its name from a 1921 poem by Langston Hughes (1902–1967) titled "The Negro Speaks of Rivers," the last line of which is "My soul has grown deep like the rivers.
The foundation is led by Maxwell L. Anderson, who serves as its president, and a member of its board of trustees. Anderson was previously director of the Dallas Museum of Art and the Whitney Museum of American Art in New York.
Collection
The Souls Grown Deep Foundation Collection contains over 1,100 works by more than 160 artists, two-thirds of whom are women. Ranging from large-scale assemblages to works on paper, the foundation is particularly strong in works dating from the death of Martin Luther King Jr. to the end of the twentieth century. The roots of these works can be traced to slave cemeteries and secluded woods. Following the Civil War, when the southern agrarian economy collapsed and rural African American sharecroppers and tenant farmers were forced to migrate for survival to major population centers—particularly in and around Birmingham, Alabama, where iron and steel production created jobs—a new and more public language of quilts, funerary, and yard arts arose. Beyond painting, sculpture, assemblage, drawing, and textile-making, this tradition also included music, dance, oral literature, informal theater, culinary arts, and more. Much like jazz musicians, the artists of this tradition reflect the rich, symbolic world of the black rural South through highly charged works that address a wide range of revelatory social and political subjects.
Among the artists represented are Thornton Dial, Lonnie Holley, Mary T. Smith, Joe Minter, Nellie Mae Rowe, Purvis Young, Emmer Sewell, Ronald Lockett, Joe Light, and the Gees Bend quilters.
Origins
Souls Grown Deep Foundation was founded in 2010, but traces its roots to the mid-1980s, when William S. Arnett, an art historian and collector, began to collect the artworks of largely undiscovered African American artists across nine southeastern states. Developed outside of the structure of schools, galleries, and museums, these rich yet largely unknown African American visual art traditions present a distinct post–Civil Rights phenomenon that offers powerful insight and fresh perspectives into the most compelling political and social issues of our time. The majority of the works and ephemeral documents held by the foundation were compiled by Arnett and his sons over three decades, with the goal of creating a collection that could serve as a record and legacy of this culture.
By the mid-1990s Arnett's efforts culminated in an ambitious survey exhibition of this tradition titled Souls Grown Deep: African American Vernacular Art of the South, presented in conjunction with the 1996 Olympic Games in Atlanta and in partnership with the City of Atlanta and the Michael C. Carlos Museum of Emory University. The subsequent two-volume publication Souls Grown Deep: African American Vernacular Art of the South, remains the most in-depth examination of the movement.
Transfer of collection
In 2014 the Souls Grown Deep Foundation began a multi-year program to transfer the majority of works in its care to the permanent collections of leading American and international art museums. To date, this program has led to the acquisition of over 350 works by more than 100 artists from the foundation's collection by 17 museums including The Metropolitan Museum of Art, the Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco, the High Museum of Art, the New Orleans Museum of Art, the Philadelphia Museum of Art, the Ackland Art Museum, the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, the Brooklyn Museum, The Morgan Library & Museum, the Dallas Museum of Art, the Spelman College Museum of Fine Art, the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, Clark Atlanta University Art Museum, the Minneapolis Institute of Art, the Montgomery Museum of Fine Arts, and The Phillips Collection. Forty works by 21 artists were purchased by the National Gallery of Art in 2020.
Exhibitions of acquisitions from the Souls Grown Deep Foundation include Revelations: Art from the African American South at the de Young Museum in San Francisco,History Refused to Die: Highlights from the Souls Grown Deep Foundation Gift at The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Cosmologies from the Tree of Life: Art from the African American South at the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, and Souls Grown Deep: Artists from the African American South at the Philadelphia Museum of Art.
References
External links
Press Release from Philadelphia Museum of Art: "Museum Celebrates Recent Acquisition of Works from Souls Grown Deep Foundation with Two Summer Exhibitions", May 23, 2019.
2010 establishments in Georgia (U.S. state)
African-American cultural history
Arts foundations based in the United States
Organizations based in Atlanta
Arts organizations established in 2010 |
23579193 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangapehi%20River | Mangapehi River | For the sawmill area of Mangapehi see Ellis and Burnand#Mangapehi
The Mangapehi River is a river of the south Waikato region of New Zealand. It flows northwest from its sources near Benneydale, reaching the Mokau River southwest of Te Kuiti.
The New Zealand Ministry for Culture and Heritage gives a translation of "stream of trouble" for Mangapēhi.
See also
List of rivers of New Zealand
References
Waitomo District
Rivers of Waikato
Rivers of New Zealand |
44498064 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Executive%20Order%2013139 | Executive Order 13139 | Executive Order 13139— entitled Improving Health Protection of Military Personnel Participating in Particular Military Operations — as an executive order (EO) issued by U.S. President Bill Clinton on 30 September 1999. It outlines the conditions under which Investigational New Drug (IND) and off-label pharmaceuticals can be administered to U.S. service members. An “off-label" indication is a use of a drug in a manner (or for a condition) other than that for which they were originally licensed.
EO13139 provides the US Secretary of Defense guidance regarding the provision of IND products or products unapproved for their intended use as antidotes to chemical, biological, or radiological weapons; stipulates that the U.S. government will administer products approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration only for their intended use; provides the circumstances and controls under which IND products may be used.
It also stipulates that to administer an IND product, informed consent must be obtained from individual service members. However, the President of the United States may waive informed consent (at the request of the Secretary of Defense and only the Secretary of Defense) if:
Informed consent is not feasible
Informed consent is contrary to the best interests of the service member
Obtaining informed consent is not in the best interests of national security.
In the 2003 case of Doe v. Rumsfeld, the United States District Court for the District of Columbia enjoined the United States Air Force from requiring administration of an unlicensed anthrax vaccine to personnel pursuant to EO13139, noting that a waiver from the President had not been requested. This injunction dissolved in 2005, when the vaccine was licensed, and no longer considered experimental.
References
External links
EO13139 in the Federal Register.
13139
Legal history of the United States
1999 in American law
Biological warfare |
20472527 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael%20Walters | Michael Walters | Michael Walters (born 7 January 1991) is an Australian rules footballer who plays for the Fremantle Football Club in the Australian Football League (AFL). Originally playing mainly as a small forward, Walters has recently spent more time in the midfield. In 2019 he was rewarded with his debut selection in the All-Australian team. He has been a member of Fremantle's leadership group since 2017.
Junior career
A highly skilled player who mainly plays as a midfielder or forward, Walters was selected by Fremantle with the 53rd pick in the 2008 AFL Draft. He had made his senior debut for Swan Districts in the West Australian Football League in 2008, playing 2 matches. Nicknamed Son-son, he lived on the same street in Midvale as his former Swan Districts teammates and fellow 2008 AFL draftees Nic Naitanui and Chris Yarran. Walters' father Mike played for Central District in the South Australian National Football League.
In 2007 he represented Western Australia at the Under 16 Championships and won the Kevin Sheehan Medal (shared with Tom Scully) as the best player in the championships, after kicking 10 goals in his three games. He was a member of the 2007-08 AIS/AFL Academy squad and in 2008 represented Western Australia at the 2008 AFL Under 18 Championships and was named in the All-Australian Team.
AFL career
Walters made his AFL debut for Fremantle in Round 11 of the 2009 AFL season at Football Park against Port Adelaide, after Hayden Ballantyne was a late withdrawal due to injury. He kicked a goal in debut match, minutes before fellow debutant and Swan Districts teammate Clancee Pearce also kicked a goal.
Prior to the start of the 2012 AFL season, Walters was suspended from training with Fremantle and sent back to train and play for Swan Districts due to a poor fitness level and being overweight. He improved his fitness and performed well for Swans, and was accepted back at Fremantle in April. Walters returned to the AFL in July, in round 16 against Melbourne. He played in every game after returning, kicking 22 goals from 10 games. In late September 2012 Walters was re-signed for a further two years, until the end of the 2014 season.
In 2013 Walters had his best season to date, kicking 46 goals From 21 games, was named in the initial All Australian 40-man squad and won his first Fremantle leading goal-kicker award.
In 2015, he had another consistent goal-kicking season, which saw him kick 44 goals across 22 games, winning his second Fremantle leading goal-kicker award.
In the 2017 season, his standout performance came in Round 15, at Domain stadium against St Kilda, where he collected a team-high 32 disposals and kicked 6 goals. He was ruled out for the remainder of the season after injuring his Posterior Cruciate Ligament in his left knee, in Fremantle's loss to Hawthorn in Round 18. Despite being moved into the midfield towards the middle of the season, he finished the season with 22 goals from 17 games.
In 2018, especially after the suspension and subsequent injury to Nat Fyfe, Walters spent increasing amounts of time in the midfield, where he finished the season averaging 19.8 disposals per game, his highest average in his career so far.
He won Fremantle's leading goal-kicker award, his 4th for the club, kicking 22 goals from 18 games.
He was a finalist for Mark of the Year, where he was nominated for his high-flying mark on Jeremy McGovern, against the West Coast Eagles in Round 20.
Walters started 2019 in blazing fashion, averaging career-high figures. In Round 10, he kicked a behind after the siren to give the Dockers a 1-point win over the Brisbane Lions at Optus stadium. The following week in the Round 11 clash with Collingwood at the MCG, Walters kicked a goal with 30 seconds remaining to give the Dockers a 4-point lead which ultimately won them the game. Arguably, his best performance came in Round 13 when Fremantle played Port Adelaide at Optus stadium. He kicked 6.1 and picked up 25 disposals in the 21-point victory, and was awarded the maximum 10 in the AFLCA votes for his performance. Walters received his first All-Australian selection named in the 2019 All-Australian team as a half forward.
The 2022 AFL season saw Walters make his return as a forward after spending time in the midfield in recent seasons. Walters played his 200th game during Fremantle's round 23 clash against GWS, he played a pivotal role kicking three goals in Fremantle's 20 point win. Walters played a crucial role in Fremantle's elimination final victory over the Western Bulldogs at Optus Stadium kicking three goals.
Statistics
Statistics are correct to the end of 2022 Qualifying Finals
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 2009
|style="text-align:center;"|
| 38 || 3 || 2 || 1 || 21 || 11 || 32 || 14 || 5 || 0.7 || 0.3 || 7.0 || 3.7 || 10.7 || 4.7 || 1.7 || 0
|- style="background-color: #EAEAEA"
! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 2010
|style="text-align:center;"|
| 38 || 5 || 8 || 1 || 52 || 17 || 69 || 15 || 12 || 1.6 || 0.2 || 10.4 || 3.4 || 13.8 || 3.0 || 2.4 || 0
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 2011
|style="text-align:center;"|
| 38 || 3 || 4 || 3 || 19 || 5 || 24 || 3 || 8 || 1.3 || 1.0 || 6.3 || 1.7 || 8.0 || 1.0 || 2.7 || 0
|- style="background-color: #EAEAEA"
! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 2012
|style="text-align:center;"|
| 38 || 10 || 22 || 11 || 83 || 36 || 119 || 40 || 29 || 2.2 || 1.1 || 8.3 || 3.6 || 11.9 || 4.0 || 2.9 || 0
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 2013
|style="text-align:center;"|
| 10 || 21 || 46 || 23 || 231 || 93 || 324 || 108 || 52 || 2.2 || 1.1 || 11.0 || 4.4 || 15.4 || 5.1 || 2.5 || 6
|- style="background-color: #EAEAEA"
! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 2014
|style="text-align:center;"|
| 10 || 8 || 15 || 13 || 79 || 28 || 107 || 29 || 20 || 1.9 || 1.6 || 9.9 || 3.5 || 13.4 || 3.6 || 2.5 || 0
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 2015
|style="text-align:center;"|
| 10 || 22 || 44 || 19 || 225 || 107 || 332 || 77 || 54 || 2.0 || 0.9 || 10.2 || 4.9 || 15.1 || 3.5 || 2.4 || 3
|- style="background-color: #EAEAEA"
! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 2016
|style="text-align:center;"|
| 10 || 22 || 36 || 21 || 244 || 157 || 401 || 91 || 66 || 1.6 || 1.0 || 11.1 || 7.1 || 18.2 || 4.1 || 3.0 || 3
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 2017
|style="text-align:center;"|
| 10 || 17 || 22 || 14 || 197 || 130 || 327 || 74 || 45 || 1.3 || 0.8 || 11.6 || 7.6 || 19.2 || 4.4 || 2.6 || 10
|- style="background-color: #EAEAEA"
! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 2018
|style="text-align:center;"|
| 10 || 18 || 22 || 14 || 206 || 150 || 356 || 65 || 59 || 1.2 || 0.8 || 11.4 || 8.3 || 19.8 || 3.6 || 3.3 || 8
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 2019
|style="text-align:center;"|
| 10 || 22 || 40 || 17 || 303 || 176 || 479 || 83 || 78 || 1.8 || 0.8 || 13.8 || 8.0 || 21.8 || 3.8 || 3.5 || 11
|- style="background-color: #EAEAEA"
! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 2020
|style="text-align:center;"|
| 10 || 14 || 15 || 7 || 145 || 102 || 247 || 44 || 40 || 1.1 || 0.5 || 10.4 || 7.3 || 17.6 || 3.1 || 2.9 || 8
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 2021
|style="text-align:center;"|
| 10 || 16 || 14 || 11 || 147 || 76 || 223 || 63 || 33 || 0.9 || 0.7 || 9.2 || 4.8 || 13.9 || 3.9 || 2.1 || 0
|- style="background-color: #EAEAEA"
! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 2022
|style="text-align:center;"|
| 10 || 20 || 23 || 15 || 164 || 121 || 285 || 79 || 54 || 1.2 || 0.8 || 8.2 || 6.1 || 14.3 || 4.0 || 2.7 ||
|- class="sortbottom"
! colspan=3| Career
! 201
! 313
! 170
! 2116
! 1209
! 3325
! 785
! 555
! 1.6
! 0.9
! 10.5
! 6.0
! 16.5
! 3.9
! 2.8
! 49
|}
Notes
References
External links
WAFL Footy Facts playing statistics
Fremantle Football Club players
Living people
1991 births
Indigenous Australian players of Australian rules football
Swan Districts Football Club players
Australian rules footballers from Western Australia
People educated at Governor Stirling Senior High School
All-Australians (AFL)
Peel Thunder Football Club players |
20472558 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harris%20repertoire | Harris repertoire | The Harris Repertoire consists of two manuscripts, both written by the sisters Amelia and Jane Harris. Containing 29 and 59 ballads and songs respectively, these manuscripts are part of the cornerstone of nineteenth-century ballad collecting. The second manuscript written was used by Francis James Child (1825–1896) in his seminal work, The English and Scottish Popular Ballads, commonly known as the Child Ballads.
History
In 1859 Amelia Harris sent William Edmonstoune Aytoun, a professor at the University of Edinburgh, a manuscript containing 29 ballads. She had heard him talk on the subject in Lerwick in 1855, and knew that he himself had published two volumes of "Antient Ballads". She enclosed a letter, which has become famous within ballad studies, for it not only presents the origin of the ballads she and her sister Jane knew, but offers the conundrum of ballads being passed from the non-literate to the literate. While the sisters knew, clearly loved, and sang the ballads, and did not re-create the tales, but sang what they knew, and were "most scrupulous in writing them exactly as I heard them, leaving a blank, when I was in doubt as to a word or line".
Aytoun was appreciative of the manuscript, and wrote to the sisters to thank them - we know this from surviving extract made by Jane Harris. He also informed other collectors, whom he was in contact with, such as the Aberdonian advocate Norval Clyne. Clyne was interested in the Harris sisters' version of "Sir Patrick Spens", as it provided evidence against the much-discussed "Lady Wardlaw Heresy", initiated by David Laing and perpetuated by Robert Chambers, which proposed that Lady Wardlaw was in fact the author of the ballad. While Aytoun's letter including the Harris sisters' version of the ballad came too late for Clyne to include it in the text of his refutation of Chambers' proposition, James Hutton Watson did use the Harris material - quoting a letter Aytoun had written to Clyne in its entirety.
The search
Aytoun had intended to publish the Harris MS material, but did not live to prepare a third volume of ballads, but Clyne did keep the Harris ballads in mind, and when he was contacted by Dr John Stuart of General Register House, Edinburgh, who had a request from Francis James Child for advice and information on collecting ballads in Britain. Clyne advised Child to place an appeal in Notes and Queries regarding material and its location. Clyne himself became actively involved in Child's search, and was in correspondence with him. Having written to the publisher John Blackwood, to Aytoun's sisters - who were also fond of ballads - and to Aytoun's widow, who "was not on terms" with his family, and even following up leads in Newburgh, where the Harris sisters had been living when they sent the manuscript, Clyne drew a blank: the manuscript had vanished and 1873, Clyne and Child resigned themselves to the fact that the manuscript was lost and the ladies who had written it could not be traced.
The second manuscript
On the same day that Clyne wrote to Child regarding the failure to trace either the 1859 ballad manuscript, or the women who had written it, Jane Harris was writing to Professor David Masson, Aytoun's successor as Professor of Rhetoric at the University of Edinburgh. Although she did not refer to Child's Notes and Queries appeal, it may have been the impetus for the sisters to try to contact someone about their ballads, as they had annotated their ballads and songs a second time. This letter was sent from Laurel Bank, Lasswade, near Edinburgh, which explains Clyne's failure to trace them in Newburgh.
Masson sent Jane Harris's letter on to Child and Child alerted Clyne. Clyne deduced that Miss Harris who wrote to Masson had to be the elusive Newburgh lady, and he made contact. On 26 August 1873, Clyne had tea with the Misses Harris and established an essential point of contact for Child. Clyne found that while Jane had written to Masson about the new manuscript, she had written the musical score, while her sister, Amelia, had written out the verses. The Misses Harris were clear about the origin of their ballads - they had learned them from their mother, who in turn had got them from "an aged nurse". This gave these sets an eighteenth-century provenance. He also discovered that they had sent a couple of ballads to Peter Buchan as well as Aytoun.
On the polite suggestion Jane Harris that the manuscript may be of worth, Clyne and Child agreed that some sum had to be agreed upon, and in a letter dated 15 September 1873, Amelia Harris noted that she had received a telegram from Frederick James Furnivall, whom Child was staying with in London in the summer of 1873, informing her that he had forwarded a cheque for £15 for the manuscript. She promises to send the manuscript of the ballads that afternoon, and the manuscript of the music the following day. Child was on the point of leaving for America - he had noted in his correspondence with Macmath that "from the 16th it will be safer to address me in America". We know that the manuscripts were bound - costing a further 6 shillings on top of the £15 paid. The cost in shillings indicates that this was done in Britain, and it seems that Furnivall may have taken responsibility for it. The manuscript was then forwarded to Child at Harvard. This manuscript remains in America, in the Houghton Library, MS 25241.17*, still bound in 3/4 maroon Morocco and marbled boards.
The "lost and found" manuscript
Neither Child nor Clyne ever located the first manuscript. Its history after Aytoun's death is uncertain and obscure. However, it was discovered by Mr Hilary Corke in an Edinburgh bookshop-depository in 1955. It was among other books belonging to one Captain Forbes: the flyleaf of this bound volume is inscribed "Capt. Forbes, R. N., Seabank". The Forbes books had been deposited before 1939 and had not been disturbed between that time and 1955. This MS contained only the texts, and having noted that Amelia Harris refers to the writing down of the airs, an extremely thorough search was made for the airs manuscript in the depository, but it was not found and remains lost.
This manuscript is also bound, probably under Aytoun's instruction. It has a maroon cover, with the wording "M.S. OLD SCOTTISH BALLADS" on its spine, marbled endpapers and Hilary Corke's bookplate inside the front cover. Hilary Corke, a lecturer in Mediaeval English Literature at the University of Edinburgh, realised the value of his find, and wrote to Harvard University for information about the Harris MS listed by Child as being in Harvard College Library - a correspondence passed on to the curator of the Houghton Library. The important discovery of the "lost" manuscript was first made in print in 1977 by Dr Emily Lyle of The School of Scottish Studies, University of Edinburgh, although she had been in touch with Hilary Corke for a couple of years prior to that.
The manuscripts brought together
Emily Lyle, along with Anne Dhu McLucas and Kaye McAlpine, produced a publication entitled The Song Repertoire of Amelia and Jane Harris, which collated the texts of the two Harris MSS into one volume, with each ballad being assigned a full spread, in order to facilitate parallel study of the texts. Jane Harris's tunes and basses appear at the head of each relevant 1873 ballad, while the edited version appears at the head of the 1859 version. The editors also provided a comprehensive biography of the sisters, along with a full account of the manuscripts, and also the procedure undertaken to make Jane Harris's music operate for a modern musician.
References
Emily Lyle, Anne Dhu McLucas and Kaye McAlpine (editors) (2002) The Song Repertoire of Amelia and Jane Harris. The Scottish Text Society, 4th series, 30.
A CD of the Songs of Amelia and Jane Harris, sung by Katherine Campbell, was produced in 2004 by Springthyme Records.
Scottish folk songs |
23579194 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ryuya%20Wakaba | Ryuya Wakaba | is a Japanese actor assigned to First Place talent agency. He and his four brothers formed the Wakaba Brothers.
Filmography
Television
Film
Video on demand
References
External links
1989 births
Japanese male film actors
Japanese male television actors
Living people
Japanese male child actors
20th-century Japanese male actors
21st-century Japanese male actors
Horikoshi High School alumni |
20472562 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Independent%20Socialist%20Party%20%28Hungary%29 | Independent Socialist Party (Hungary) | The Independent Socialist Party () was a political party in Hungary. It was founded in 1897 by István Várkonyi. Várkonyi had been expelled from the Hungarian Social Democratic Party for being outspoken on agrarian issues. Várkonyi's party advocated land reforms, including forced sale of large estates. It took part in mobilizing radical peasant struggles.
References
Political parties in Austria-Hungary
Political parties established in 1897
Socialist parties in Hungary
1897 establishments in Hungary |
23579195 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangapoike%20River | Mangapoike River | The Mangapoike River is a river beginning in the Gisborne Region of New Zealand's North Island. It flows generally southwest from sources south of Waingake, reaching the Wairoa River in Hawke's Bay northeast of Frasertown.
See also
List of rivers of New Zealand
References
Rivers of the Gisborne District
Rivers of the Hawke's Bay Region
Rivers of New Zealand |
20472572 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bachelor%20of%20Biblical%20Studies | Bachelor of Biblical Studies | The Bachelor of Biblical Studies (BBS) is an undergraduate academic degree offering a comprehensive curriculum in the different aspects of the Bible including the Old Testament, New Testament and Gospels. Students of biblical studies will learn how to interpret the bible within a historical context and look at the philosophical aspects of religion and practical aspects of ministry. This degree is primarily offered by Christian educational institutions with strong adherence to a Christian worldview, though not exclusively.
The Bachelors in Biblical Studies may qualify graduates to become pastors, missionaries, evangelists, youth leaders, Christian counselors, worship coordinators, or in other aspects normally considered "professional" church ministry.
References
See also
Bachelor of Theology
Bachelor of Religious Education
Biblical Studies, Bachelor of |
20472593 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Event%20%28synchronization%20primitive%29 | Event (synchronization primitive) | In computer science, an event (also called event semaphore) is a type of synchronization mechanism that is used to indicate to waiting processes when a particular condition has become true.
An event is an abstract data type with a boolean state and the following operations:
wait - when executed, causes the suspension of the executing process until the state of the event is set to true. If the state is already set to true before wait was called, wait has no effect.
set - sets the event's state to true, release all waiting processes.
clear - sets the event's state to false.
Different implementations of events may provide different subsets of these possible operations; for example, the implementation provided by Microsoft Windows provides the operations wait (WaitForObject and related functions), set (SetEvent), and clear (ResetEvent). An option that may be specified during creation of the event object changes the behaviour of SetEvent so that only a single thread is released and the state is automatically returned to false after that thread is released.
Events short of reset function, that is, those which can be completed only once, are known as futures. Monitors are, on the other hand, more general since they combine completion signaling with mutex and do not let the producer and consumer to execute simultaneously in the monitor making it an event+critical section.
References
External links
Event Objects, Microsoft Developer Network
Thread Synchronization Mechanisms in Python
Concurrency control
Synchronization primitive
Terms in science and technology |
20472621 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Der%20Wecker | Der Wecker | Der Wecker was a Yiddish-language socialist newspaper, published in Iaşi, Romania, from May to September 1896. It was published by a socialist propaganda group, which also brought out Lumina. In September 1896, the publication of Der Wecker was discontinued due to financial constraints.
See also
History of the Jews in Iași
References
1896 establishments in Romania
1896 disestablishments in Romania
Defunct newspapers published in Romania
Jews and Judaism in Iași
Mass media in Iași
Newspapers published in Iași
Publications established in 1896
Publications disestablished in 1896
Socialism in Romania
Yiddish socialist newspapers
Yiddish culture in Romania |
23579197 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangapu%20River | Mangapu River | The Mangapu River is a river of the Waikato region of New Zealand's North Island. It has its sources in numerous streams which flow generally northwards from the King Country south of Te Kuiti, the longest of which is the Mangaokewa Stream. These streams join to form the Mangapu close to Te Kuiti, and from here the river flows north, passing close to the east of Waitomo Caves, where the Mangapu caves have the largest entrance in the North Island (about long and deep), before flowing into the Waipā River at Otorohanga.
The New Zealand Ministry for Culture and Heritage gives a translation of "double stream" for Mangapū.
SH3 crosses the river on a bridge near Otorohanga built in 1966 and near Hangatiki on a concrete bridge built in 1977. The railway follows the east bank for about , crossing only small tributaries, though it did suffer from flooding, for example in 1905.
The river at Otorohanga is classed as being in the worst 25% of similar sites as regards all measured pollutants, though some attempts are being made at restoration.
Pehitawa Kahikatea Forest Reserve
The reserve of kahikatea forest on the east bank of the river, was purchased by the Native Forests Restoration Trust in 2001. Kahikatea forest once covered in the Waipa Ecological District, now reduced to , of which are in the Mangapu valley, though over has been felled since 1975. A major drainage scheme was carried out just upstream from the reserve in the 1930s, including emptying of a lake. The forest floods in winter and flood protection would be uneconomic. Some kahikatea in the reserve are about 120 years old. The reserve also has swamp maire, matai, titoki and pukatea. Te Araroa long-distance walkway passes through the reserve and crosses the river on a suspension bridge.
See also
List of rivers of New Zealand
References
External links
Flood levels at SH3 bridge near Hangatiki
Google Street view of the river at SH3 bridge near Otorohanga
Google Street view of the river at SH3 bridge near Hangatiki
Waitomo District
Rivers of Waikato
Rivers of New Zealand |
20472632 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal%20jurisdiction | Federal jurisdiction | Federal jurisdiction is the jurisdiction of the federal government in any country that uses federalism. Such a country is known as a Federation.
Federal jurisdiction by country
All federations, by definition, must have some form of federal jurisdiction, this will commonly include powers relating to international relations and war. Though power for particular actions varies from one federation to another.
Federal jurisdiction (Canada)
Federal jurisdiction (United States)
Federal jurisdiction (Iraq)
See also
Federation
Jurisdiction |
17340167 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Je%20marche%20seul | Je marche seul | "Je marche seul" ("I Walk Alone") is the name of a 1985 song recorded by the French singer and songwriter Jean-Jacques Goldman. It was released in June 1985 as the first single from his album Non homologué, as tenth track. Though the song failed to reach number one on the French Singles Chart, it remains one of Goldman's biggest hit singles as well as one of the more popular songs live.
Lyrics and music
The upbeat song begins with a long musical introduction highlighted by a sax solo.
When the song was released as a single, Goldman explained in various interviews that the song was very hard to compose. The lyrics describe someone walking alone along a road, annomyous and lost in thought, able to forget everything for the moment and the pleasure of being anonymous while observing the world. Goldman has said that "Je marche seul" is a bright song because "the loneliness is not a punishment".
The music video, produced by Bernard Schmitt in Brussels, began to be aired on television in May 1985. It was well received in the media at the time. It shows Goldman portraying a renegade from Eastern Europe who has an affair in a train which is crossing the border.
Jean-Jacques Goldman said in an interview that even before the release of the song in the media, he was sure to have a hit: "So, for "Je marche seul", I had no doubt!"
Live performances
On 13 October 1985, Goldman performed the song as duet with Daniel Balavoine during the charity concert of the 'Chanteurs sans frontières' in La Courneuve to raise funds for Ethiopia. The song was later included in Goldman's best of Intégrale and Singulier. It was performed during the singer's tours, and thus is available in the original version on Un tour ensemble, and in a medley version on En public, Traces and Intégrale.
On the television show Zénith, presented by Michel Denisot in December 1986, Goldman performed several of his songs in China. The shooting of "Je marche seul" took place in the Nankin avenue, in Shanghai, and shows the singer walking among thousands of Chinese.
Cover versions
The song was covered by Jean-Félix Lalanne in 1990, by Eric Landman in 2000 for his album Eric Landman chante Jean-Jacques Goldman, and by Le Collège de l'Esterel in 2002. The most popular cover is that of Les Enfoirés, performed by Muriel Robin, Pierre Palmade, Gérard Jugnot, Axel Bauer, Zazie, Hélène Ségara and Natasha St-Pier, from the 2004 concert, available on the album 2004: Les Enfoirés dans l'espace.
The song was also recorded in Dutch-language by Bart Herman, under the title "Ik loop alleen".
In 2012, Christophe Willem covered the song on the number one album Génération Goldman.
Chart performances
The single had a long chart run on the French Singles Chart: it stayed in the top 50 for 30 weeks, from 22 June 1985 to 11 January 1986. It debuted at number 25, reached the top ten four weeks later, where it remained for 14 consecutive weeks, with a peak at number two in its 11th and 15th weeks; then it dropped slowly on the chart. The same year, it was certified Gold disc by the SNEP.
Track listings
7" single
"Je marche seul" — 4:03
"Elle attend" — 3:17
12" maxi
"Je marche seul" (extended) — 5:58
"Elle attend" — 3:15
Personnel
Jean-Jacques Goldman — singing, backing vocals, acoustic guitar, electric guitar and piano
Guy Delacroix — bass, programming
Patrick Bourgoin — saxophone
P.A. Dahan — drums
Roland Romanelli — synthesizers
Patrice Mondon — violin
Charts and certifications
References
External links
"Je marche seul", story, lyrics and anecdotes ("Chansons" => "En un clic" => "Je marche seul")
1985 singles
Jean-Jacques Goldman songs
Songs written by Jean-Jacques Goldman
1985 songs
Epic Records singles |
23579198 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Higashi-%C5%8Cme%20Station | Higashi-Ōme Station | is a passenger railway station located in the city of Ōme, Tokyo, Japan, operated by the East Japan Railway Company (JR East).
Lines
Higashi-Ōme Station is served by the Ōme Line, located 17.2 kilometers from the terminus of the line at Tachikawa Station.
Station layout
The station has one island platform serving two tracks, with an elevated station building. The station is staffed.
Platforms
History
The station opened on 1 October 1932. It was nationalized in 1944. It became part of the East Japan Railway Company (JR East) with the breakup of the Japanese National Railways in 1987.
Passenger statistics
In fiscal 2019, the station was used by an average of 6,493 passengers daily (boarding passengers only).
Surrounding area
Tama River
former Ōme Kaidō highway
See also
List of railway stations in Japan
References
External links
JR East Station information (JR East)
Railway stations in Tokyo
Ōme Line
Stations of East Japan Railway Company
Railway stations in Japan opened in 1932
Ōme, Tokyo |
20472645 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kvir | Kvir | Kvir (Квир, from English queer) is a Russian gay lifestyle magazine. It was launched by www.gay.ru which runs the LGBT Center "Together", a non-profit organization. The magazine is a non-profit project designed to provide Russian society with correct and diverse information on homosexuality, to increase public tolerance of homosexuals, as well as to support and unify the gay community in Russia. It is also made to raise self-acceptance within the gay community. The magazine's name (Kvir) stems from the English word "queer".
History
The glossy color magazine was first published in 2003. Yearly circulation was 33000 issues. "Kvir" entered the top five best-selling "men's magazines" in Moscow according to the rating of SIRPP - the Union of publishers and distributors of printed products in Russia in September 2004 and September 2006.
The physical publication ceased in 2012 with 113 issues printed. KVIR is transitioned to an all-digital format and currently is an online Internet magazine.
Publishing house
In addition to the magazine, publishing house "Kvir" was established in 2005 with the book "69. Russian gays, lesbians, bisexuals and transsexuals". Since then, more than 30 books have been published. These are collections of prose and poetry by authors from Russia, Canada, USA, Italy, Germany and other countries of the world. The house publishes yearly mini-anthologies “Russian Gay Prose” and “Lesbian Prose”. Today, "Kvir" is the oldest publishing gay project in Russia.
Authors
Among the authors of the magazine are fashion historian Alexander Vasilyev, writers Almat Malatov, Margarita Sharapova, Andrei Goncharov, Marusya Klimova, Dmitry Bushuev, playwright Konstantin Kostenko, publicist Yevgeni Ponasenkov. The magazine published photo shoots of Russian and international photographers - Serge Golovach, Seva Galkin, Olga Fomina, Igor Zeiger and others. The magazine published interviews with Roman Viktyuk, Svetlana Surganova, Yaroslav Mogutin, Boris Moiseev, Thomas Anders and many others.
Notes
2000s LGBT literature
2010s LGBT literature
2003 establishments in Russia
2012 disestablishments in Russia
Defunct magazines published in Russia
LGBT literature in Russia
Magazines established in 2003
Magazines disestablished in 2012
Gay men's magazines
LGBT in Russia
Online magazines with defunct print editions
Russian-language magazines
Monthly magazines published in Russia |
23579200 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangaroa%20River | Mangaroa River | The Mangaroa River is a river of the Wellington Region of New Zealand's North Island. It flows north from the western foothills of the Remutaka Range to the west of Lower Hutt, meeting with the Hutt River on the northern outskirts of Upper Hutt.
See also
List of rivers of New Zealand
References
Rivers of the Wellington Region
Rivers of New Zealand |
23579201 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangat%C4%81whiri%20River | Mangatāwhiri River | The Mangatāwhiri River is a river of the Auckland and Waikato regions of New Zealand's North Island. It flows generally southwest from its sources in the Hunua Ranges southeast of Clevedon before flowing through a system of irrigation canals at the northern edge of the Waikato Plains close to the town of Pōkeno. It reaches the Waikato River close to the township of Mercer.
The New Zealand Ministry for Culture and Heritage gives a translation of "Tāwhiri tree stream" for Mangatāwhiri.
The upper reaches of the Mangatāwhiri are dammed to form reservoirs to store water for use by Auckland City.
History
Under the orders of Governor George Grey, it was here that on 12 July 1863 British troops marched over and declared war on the Māori, starting the Waikato Land Wars.
See also
List of rivers of New Zealand
References
External links
River flow at SH2 Bridge
Water quality at Buckingham Bridge
Photographs of Mangatawhiri River held in Auckland Libraries' heritage collections.
Te Araroa long distance walkway, which is on the river stopbank for 5km
Rivers of Waikato
Rivers of the Auckland Region
Waikato District
Rivers of New Zealand |
20472693 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ontario%20Cup | Ontario Cup | The Ontario Cup is a soccer tournament for clubs based in the province of Ontario in Canada. It began play in 1901 under the Ontario Football Association League, now known as the Ontario Soccer Association, and is the oldest association football competition in North America.
History
The cup was first played as a senior men's tournament in 1901, making it one of the oldest active sporting competitions in Canada. It has been held every year since, with the exception of the World Wars.
By 2004, the cup featured at least 12,000 athletes, and by 2008 it featured over 600 teams across 22 different age levels. The final is played at the Ontario Soccer Centre in Vaughan, Ontario.
Format
The competition is played from May to September every year to crown a champion in each of 22 divisions, including different age levels for boys, girls and adults, and a Special Olympics division. The Ontario Cup winners from the under-14, under-16, under-18 and senior open divisions advance to the Canadian National Challenge Cup to compete against the cup winners from other provinces in Canada.
References
External links
Official site
List of winners (1901–2012) by Peter Sokolowski on RSSSF.com
Canadian National Challenge Cup
Soccer in Ontario
Soccer cup competitions in Canada
1901 establishments in Ontario
Recurring sporting events established in 1901 |
23579204 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangatera%20River | Mangatera River | The Mangatera River is a river of the Manawatū-Whanganui region of New Zealand's North Island. It flows northwest from its origins in the Ruahine Range to reach the Rangitikei River east of Taihape.
See also
List of rivers of New Zealand
References
Rivers of Manawatū-Whanganui
Rivers of New Zealand |
20472703 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tipograful%20Rom%C3%A2n | Tipograful Român | Tipograful Român ('Romanian Typographer') was a Romanian language newspaper, which began publishing in 1865. Tipograful Român was the first Romanian workers' newspaper.
References
Romanian-language newspapers
Publications established in 1865 |
23579206 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangatete%20River | Mangatete River | The Mangatete River or Mangatete Stream is a river of the Northland Region of New Zealand's North Island. It flows northwest from its origins to the east of Kaitaia, reaching the Rangaunu Harbour to the east of Awanui.
See also
List of rivers of New Zealand
References
Far North District
Rivers of the Northland Region
Rivers of New Zealand |
17340185 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Church%20of%20Scientology%20Western%20United%20States | Church of Scientology Western United States | The Church of Scientology Western United States (CoSWUS) is a Californian 501(c)(3) non-profit corporation, located in Los Angeles. CoSWUS is integrated within the ecclesiastical hierarchy of the Church of Scientology. The corporation is composed of several individual Scientology organizations and entities, among them churches, such as the "Church of Scientology of Los Angeles", which delivers services to public members of Scientology.
In its application for tax exemption, CoSWUS described the structure of the corporation as follows:
"The CSWUS corporation houses six distinct ecclesiastical organizations that includes three churches, each of which
ministers religious services at a different level of the religious hierarchy described above; two supervisory organizations and an ecclesiastical support organization. [...] Except for the Church of Scientology of San Diego, all of these church organizations are located in Los Angeles where they share a large complex of buildings and facilities. [...]"
The core of CoSWUS' organizations are located around L. Ron Hubbard Way in Hollywood, where three so-called "service organizations" are located: the already mentioned "Church of Scientology of Los Angeles", the "American Saint Hill Organization" (ASHO) and the "Advanced Organization Los Angeles" (AOLA). In this area is also the former "Cedars of Lebanon" Hospital located, which was purchased by the Church of Scientology during the 1970s and which serves today as a dormitory for the Scientology staff members, who work in the adjacent buildings or elsewhere in Los Angeles.
Corporate information
Basic information
On April 8, 1971, a new Scientology organization was incorporated in San Diego – the "Church of Scientology of Jolla". Its name was later changed to "Church of Scientology of San Diego". Finally, on May 20, 1985, the organization was transferred and re-incorporated in Los Angeles under the new name "Church of Scientology Western United States". The board of directors of the newly named corporation had adopted the organization's new bylaws on May 19, 1985.
At present the official address of CoSWUS is 1308 L. Ron Hubbard Way, Los Angeles CA 90027.
In 1993, the Church of Scientology International submitted to the Internal Revenue Service a list with all the corporate officers of the Scientology network. At this time, CoSWUS was officially managed by a board of trustees. Its members were Mariette Cynstein, Ivan Obolensky and Mary Pinat. The organization's board of directors was composed of Linda Sereda, Lawrence Lynn and Eugene Skonetski. The president of CoSWUS was Lawrence Lynn, with Linda Sereda as secretary and Eugene Skonetski as treasurer.
On August 18, 1993, CoSWUS filed an application for tax exemption under section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code. In the same year, the Internal Revenue Service granted CoSWUS' request for exemption.
As of March 11, 2000 CoSWUS had the following corporate officers: Vicki Shantz (Chief Executive Officer/President), Wayne Carnahan (Secretary) and Vincenzo Contrafatto (Chief Financial Officer/Treasurer).
As of May 2, 2008, CoSWUS' official agent has been the attorney Jeanne Gavigan. Her official address is 6400 Canoga Park Avenue, Canoga Park, CA 91367.
Corporate activities
The Religious Technology Center (RTC) is the holder of Scientology's trademarks and service marks. As such, RTC entered with the CoSWUS on May 23, 1985, an organizational covenant, granting CoSWUS the right to sell and deliver the "Advanced Technology" to its public members while guaranteeing weekly payments of 6% of the monetary value of the "Advanced Technology"-services that are being delivered to the public from CoSWUS towards RTC.
The Church of Scientology International (CSI) presents itself as the mother church of the Church of Scientology worldwide. As such, it has the right to use and sub-license various Scientology trademarks and service marks. Consequently, CSI has entered a number of agreements with other subordinate organizations in the Scientology hierarchy, such as the CoSWUS:
License Agreement. On June 15, 1982, CSI entered a license agreement with the "Church of Scientology of San Diego", which regulated the use of the service marks and trademarks by that organization. When this organization later became the "Church of Scientology Western United States", the license agreement remained valid for the newly renamed corporation.
"Ecclesiastical Support Agreement". This agreement from January 1, 1992, acknowledges CSI's dominant role and control over all the functions and activities of CoSWUS and guarantees a steady, weekly payment of 12.5% of the organizations' net income towards CSI.
"Motion Picture Exhibition Agreement." It guarantees CSI the weekly payment of 11% of the revenue by CoSWUS for their use of Scientology training courses. It also forces the organizations to use certain equipment, such as tape recorders, which CSI provides for the same use.
Organizational structure and management
According to its 1993 application for tax exemption, the corporation CoSWUS consisted at that time of six different sub-organizations or sub-entities:
"[...] 1. Church of Scientology Advanced Organization of Los Angeles ('AOLA') - AOLA is one of four advanced organizations in the world and the only one located in the United States. As an advanced organization AOLA is authorized to minister the Scientology advanced technology to the level of New OT V and religious training to the level of Class VIII auditor as well as most of the lower levels of auditing and religious training. [...] AOLA's activities consist of the ministry of religious services and administrative and executive functions necessary to support this ministry. AOLA's staff includes auditors, case supervisors, course supervisors and other staff directly involved in administering services, as well as executive and administrative staff [...]"
"[...] 2. American Saint Hill Organization ('ASHO') - ASHO is one of only four Saint Hill Organizations in the world [...], and the only Saint Hill Organization in the United States. Saint Hill Organizations are so named because they specialize in delivering the Saint Hill Special Briefing Course ('Briefing Coursel') and other Scientology religious services at a comparable level. The Briefing Course is a very extensive, advanced course in auditor training which includes a chronological study of the written and recorded Scientology Scriptures. ASHO also ministers other religious training and lower-level and intermediate level auditing. The religious services ministered by ASHO generally emphasize training. [...]"
"[...] 3. Church of Scientology of San Diego - Church of Scientology of San Diego is a Class V church of Scientology and is authorized to minister Scientology auditing to the State of Clear and auditor training to the level of Class V auditor. It is a local church of Scientology for the San Diego area."
"4. Continental Liaison Office West U.S. ('CLO WUS') - CLO WUS is an intermediate level ecclesiastical management organization which acts as a liaison for CSI. [...] CLO WUS administers Church programs and provides guidance and advice to Scientology churches in the Western United States. There are 30 separate churches under CLO WUS's ecclesiastical jurisdiction [...] CLO WUS reviews operations of the Scientology churches within its ecclesiastical jurisdiction and liaises with
CSI. [...]"
"[...] 5. Commodore's Messenger Organization Pacific ('CMO PAC') - CMO PAC oversees the execution of programs from the Commodore's Messenger Organization International of CSI and acts as a liaison between CSWUS and CSI with respect to those programs."
"6. Pacific Base Crew ('PBC') - PBC is the organization responsible for maintaining the complex of Scientology buildings and other facilities used by CSWUS and other Scientology organizations in Los Angeles. PBC is responsible for renovations, some construction and most repairs to these facilities. Its staff also provides meals and berthing to the staff of all Scientology organizations located in the Scientology complex. [...]"
See also
Scientology
Dianetics
Church of Scientology
Religious Technology Center
Church of Scientology International
List of Scientology organizations
References
Scientology organizations
Religious organizations established in 1971
Organizations based in Los Angeles |
23579209 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangatewai%20River | Mangatewai River | The Mangatewai River is a river of the Hawke's Bay Region of New Zealand's North Island. It flows generally east from the Ruahine Range to reach the Tukipo River (itself a tributary of the Tukituki River) north of the township of Takapau.
The Mangatewai River should not be confused with its southern neighbour, the Mangatewainui River.
See also
List of rivers of New Zealand
References
Rivers of the Hawke's Bay Region |
23579210 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangatewainui%20River | Mangatewainui River | The Mangatewainui River is a river of the Manawatū-Whanganui region of New Zealand's North Island. An upper tributary of the Manawatu River, it flows generally southeast from its sources in the Ruahine Range northwest of Norsewood, and meets the young Manawatu River east of Dannevirke.
The Mangatewainui River should not be confused with its northern neighbour, the Mangatewai River.
See also
List of rivers of New Zealand
References
Rivers of Manawatū-Whanganui
Rivers of New Zealand |
17340194 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VirtualLogix | VirtualLogix | VirtualLogix, Inc. provides real-time virtualization software and related development tools for embedded systems. The company was founded in 2002.
In September 2010, VirtualLogix was acquired by Red Bend Software.
Products
Real-time hypervisors
VirtualLogix's VLX Hypervisor provides concurrent support for rich operating systems like Linux and Windows, and in-house or commercial real-time operating systems on general purpose processors and DSPs.
VLX supports a variety of 32-bit/64-bit processors, single and multi-core processors, including processors from Intel, Texas Instruments, Freescale and ARM and Power architectures. VLX supports devices with and without memory management units and can take advantage of hardware virtualization and security support.
Virtualization enabled high availability
VirtualLogix's vHA is an add-on to VLX that provides high availability capability for embedded systems using virtualization and multi-core processors.
Development environment
VirtualLogix’s VLX Developer is an Eclipse-based graphical environment, which is used to configure, build, monitor and optimize VLX virtualized platforms.
Competitors
Today, their competitors include Trango's Virtual Processors, Open Kernel Labs's OKL4 and, to a lesser extent, open source hypervisors such as L4, XtratuM and Xen.
Notes
VirtualLogix was founded as Jaluna and rebranded as VirtualLogix in September 2006.
External links
VirtualLogix homepage
at LinuxDevices
Software companies based in California
Companies based in Sunnyvale, California
Software companies of the United States |
23579211 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangatokerau%20River | Mangatokerau River | The Mangatokerau River is a river of the Gisborne Region of New Zealand's North Island. It flows generally southeast to meet the Uawa River, which it joins from the latter's Tolaga Bay mouth.
See also
List of rivers of New Zealand
References
Rivers of the Gisborne District
Rivers of New Zealand |
23579214 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangatoro%20River | Mangatoro River | The Mangatoro River or Mangatoro Stream is a river of the Hawke's Bay region of New Zealand. It runs northeast along the western edge of the Puketoi Range to reach the Manawatū River south of Dannevirke at Okarae.
See also
List of rivers of New Zealand
References
Rivers of the Hawke's Bay Region
Rivers of New Zealand |
23579215 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangatu%20River | Mangatu River | The Mangatu River is a river of the Gisborne Region of New Zealand's North Island. It flows south from its sources in rough hill country northeast of Matawai to reach the Waipaoa River at Whatatutu.
See also
List of rivers of New Zealand
References
Rivers of the Gisborne District
Rivers of New Zealand |
17340253 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lowland%20heath | Lowland heath | Lowland heath is a Biodiversity Action Plan habitat as it is a type of ancient wild landscape. Natural England's Environmental Stewardship scheme describes lowland heath as containing dry heath, wet heath and valley mire communities, usually below in altitude, on acidic soils and shallow peat, typically comprising heathers, gorses, fine grasses, wild flowers and lichens in a complex mosaic. Heathers and other dwarf shrubs usually account for at least 25% of the ground cover. By contrast, upland heath, which is above in altitude, is called moorland, Dartmoor being an example.
Characteristics
Lowland heath occurs on a range of acidic pH < 5, impoverished soils that are often sandy and free draining, characteristically podsols. There are no deep-burrowing earthworms so soil profile boundaries are sharp. There is often a thick litter layer on top of slow-decaying leaf litter. The habitat is susceptible to drought in summer and due to its freely draining nature. As many of the plants are waxy, fire is a hazard. A plant-animal association has adapted to these harsh conditions.
There are three types of lowland heath according to their location and climate conditions: wet (impervious rocks/clay preventing water drainage), dry (well-drained), and humid (between the two types). Wet heaths contain more different species than dry, such as sphagnum mosses and carnivorous plants (Drosera, Pinguicula).
Development
Some 80% of lowland heath has been lost since 1800, with the UK holding a fifth of the world's remaining stock. Pollen grain carbon dating has indicated that it has existed in the UK for 14,000 years as the ice-caps retreated. As the weather warmed, trees became established and replaced the tundra heath. But 5000 years ago humans began to clear forests, and heathland re-established on acid, sandy soils. Its area is thought to have peaked around the 16th century (Tubbs, 1991). From then onwards agricultural and transport technology improved, allowing nutrients to be put back into the soil, non-heathland type crops to grow, or the heath was simply no longer managed as in the past.
Heathland succession moves from grasses and bracken to gorses and heather, and finally to woodland (birch, pine and oaks).
Heaths are man-made. Heathland was originally wooded with rich soil. As the woods were removed the soils eroded and leached; especially nitrogen easily leaches away.
Indicators
Heathers – (Ling) (Calluna vulgaris) is dominant on moorland; the flowers are pale purple, the plant branches extensively, the leaves are in opposite pairs (not whorls); and are oily in order to prevent water loss. Their mycorrhizal fungus, Hymenoscyphus ericae, is unusual in being able to degrade soil humic materials, giving the plant access to immobilised nutrients (Read 1996, Kerley & Read 1998). Bell heather, Erica cinerea, flowers in mid-July, and is crimson-purple; its leaves are dark green in whorls of three leaves. Cross-leaved heath, Erica tetralix, can be found in wetter patches. It has rose-pink flowers with a nodding, drooping head at the end of the shoot, less dense than bell heather. The leaves are arranged as a cross of four, are greyish with hairs, and are curled downwardthe hairs trap moisture. The plants shut down in summer and grow more in winter. Heathers have a six-year pioneer phase, which is the time they take to form a bush. The bush grows until it is about 25 years old, when the centre starts to have gaps due to less vigorous growth. Mosses/bryophytes start to colonise this area due to the humid conditions. The plant begins to degenerate after 30 years.
Gorse – Ulex europeaus flowers throughout the year but peaks in the spring. Western gorse is smaller and flowers mid-July to mid-August on the more exposed areas. Dwarf gorse is found on the Dorset heaths. Gorses are part of the pea family and have nitrogen-fixing ability due to their symbiotic association with bacteria.
Bracken – Pteridium aquilium is a fern, but is a serious weed due to its deep tough rhizomes. It was formerly cut and used as bedding. Sometimes it was burnt for ash lime.
Grasses – Purple moor grass Molinia caerulea is found in wet locations and is edible when young; fescues Festuca spp and bristle bent are found in dry locations.
No mammals
Many insects.
Typical animal species found in lowland heath are:
Snakes and reptiles. In the UK the smooth snake is only found on heaths in Dorset. The sand lizard is a heath species as well, but is also found on sand dunes.
Birds – Dartford warbler, European stonechat, European nightjar, Eurasian hobby (feeds on insects and birds), tree pipit, and Eurasian wren.
Structure
An ideal heathland includes vegetation of various heights and structures, scattered trees and scrub, some bare ground, wet heaths, ponds, water and bogs.
The cover of dwarf shrubs should be between 25% and 95% with at least two frequent species. There must be a range of age classes of heather present, with cover of young heather between 10 and 15%, and cover of old heather between 10 and 30% cover of undesirable species (bracken, injurious weeds, invasive nonnative plants) must be less than 10%; the cover of trees/scrub must be less than 15%.
Threats
Threats to heathland include changes in farmland; afforestation; fire; lack of management (overgrowth), for example scrub and bracken encroachment; housing development; quarrying; nutrient enrichment (often dog faeces - Shaw et al. 1995); pine and silver birch, which readily establish and shade the surrounding vegetation; ploughing; and predatory cats (urban heathland sites).
Management
Options include cutting trees (such as for firewood), using grazing animals to control vegetation and regrowth, controlling scrub, making sure there is an age range, and trying to incorporate the requirement of individual species.
There is a UK Biodiversity Action Plan with a target of restoring of lowland heathland and recreating a further . In addition, grants are available in England under Natural England's Environmental Stewardship scheme.
UK lowland heath
Lowland Heath can be found in the UK in Devon, Hampshire, Dorset (mainly found here), Sussex (some), Kent (some), Surrey (some), Cornwall, Norfolk, Nottinghamshire, Merseyside, Cheshire and Suffolk.
East Devon locations are Gittisham Common, Woodbury Common, Mutter's Moor, Aylesbeare Common, Pebblebed Heaths, Trinity Hill, Venn Ottery Common, Bystock Pools, Fire Beacon Hill, Hartridge Common, Offwell Heath, Hense Moor
References
Kerley, S. J. and Read, D. J. (1998), "The biology of mycorrhiza in the Ericaceae. XX. Plant and mycorrhizal necromass as nitrogenous substrates for the ericoid mycorrhizal fungus Hymenoscyphus ericae and its host". New Phytologist, 139: 353–360. doi: 10.1046/j.1469-
Read, DJ. 1996. "The structure and function of the ericoid mycorrhizal root". Annals of Botany 77: 365–374.
Shaw PJA, Lankey K & Hollingham S.(1995). "Impact of trampling and dog fouling on vegetation and soil conditions on Headley heath". London Naturalist 74, 77–82.
Tubbs, CT (1991). "Grazing the Lowland Heaths". British Wildlife 2 (5), 276–291.
Further reading
The European Heathland Network
Tomorrow's Heathland Heritage project
"Enjoying our Heathland Heritage", Booklet published by Tomorrow's Heathland Heritage.
Bicton College Environmental Conservation Course
Lowland Heathland Biodiversity Action Plan (archived copy)
Offwell Woodland and Wildlife Trust
Environmental Stewardship (archived copy)
Environment of England |
23579216 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangaturuturu%20River | Mangaturuturu River | The Mangaturuturu River is a river of the centre of New Zealand's North Island. One of the headwaters of the Manganui o te Ao River, it flows west from the slopes of Mount Ruapehu, joining with numerous other small rivers to become the Manganui o Te Ao northwest of Ohakune. It has also been known as Sulphur River, or Sulphur Creek. In April 1975 a lahar raised the river to above its flood level. There were also lahars in 1969 and September 1995. Earlier lahars were around 8,500 and 10,500 years ago.
See also
List of rivers of New Zealand
References
Rivers of Manawatū-Whanganui
Rivers of New Zealand |
23579217 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangawai%20River | Mangawai River | The Mangawai River is a river of the Northland Region of New Zealand. It flows east into the Wairoa River close to its outflow into the Kaipara Harbour.
See also
List of rivers of New Zealand
References
Kaipara District
Rivers of the Northland Region
Rivers of New Zealand
Kaipara Harbour catchment |
23579218 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangawharariki%20River | Mangawharariki River | The Mangawharariki River is a river of the Manawatū-Whanganui region of New Zealand's North Island. It flows northwest from the Ruahine Range to meet the Rangitikei River at Mangaweka.
See also
List of rivers of New Zealand
References
Rivers of Manawatū-Whanganui
Rivers of New Zealand |
44498068 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20A-League%20Men%20highest%20scoring%20games | List of A-League Men highest scoring games | This is a summary of the highest scoring games and biggest winning margins in the A-League since its establishment in the 2005–06 season. The record for the biggest win is Adelaide United's 8–1 victory against North Queensland Fury on 21 January 2011.
Only two games have had ten goals scored in the fourteen seasons of the A-League, both 8–2 results involving Central Coast Mariners. Seven games have had nine goals scored.
Highest scoring games
Biggest winning margin
References
General
Specific
A-League Men records and statistics
A-League Men lists |
17340263 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esther%20Sumner%20Damon | Esther Sumner Damon | Esther Sumner Damon (August 1, 1814 – November 11, 1906) was cited as the last widow of the American Revolutionary War to receive a state pension.
Esther was born in Bridgewater, Vermont. The family had eight or nine children. Esther's father was killed by a falling tree when she was eight years old. Esther attended school during the winter and worked during the summers to help support her family. At the age of seventeen, Esther became a school teacher in Plymouth.
Esther Sumner married Noah D. Damon (August 25, 1760 – July 2, 1853) on September 6, 1835, in Bridgewater, when she was 21 and he was 75. The couple had met two weeks prior.
Husband's war service
Noah Damon enlisted in the Continental Army on April 19, 1775, where he served under the rank of Private with the Massachusetts Troops He was intermittently enlisted over the next five years. Noah applied for a war pension, as a resident of Plainfield, New Hampshire on November 13, 1848.
Noah was penniless, though Esther may have thought he was a hardworking landowner. Esther supported him for three years before financial necessity forced him to move in with his daughter in New Hampshire.
Esther supported herself by sewing and nursing. She also leased a farm near Reading.
After Noah's death in 1853, Esther applied for and received his pension from October 1855. The pension was increased to $24 a month by the United States Congress on February 28, 1905.
Towards the end of her life, Esther received additional financial support from the Daughters of the American Revolution.
Esther died on November 11, 1906, aged 92, and was buried at Plymouth Notch Cemetery in Plymouth, Vermont. The gravestone was paid for by the Daughters of the American Revolution.
References
1814 births
1906 deaths
Last living survivors
Widowhood in the United States |
23579219 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%8Cme%20Station | Ōme Station | is a passenger railway station located in the city of Ōme, Tokyo, Japan, operated by the East Japan Railway Company (JR East).
Lines
Ōme Station is served by the Ōme Line, located 18.5 kilometers from the terminus of the line at Tachikawa Station.
Station layout
The station has one island platform serving two tracks, with a station building connected to the platform by an underground passage. The station has a Midori no Madoguchi staffed ticket office. The theme song from Himitsu no Akko-chan is used as a departure melody.
Platforms
History
Ōme Station opened on 19 November 1894. It was nationalized in 1944. It became part of the East Japan Railway Company (JR East) with the breakup of the Japanese National Railways in 1987.
Passenger statistics
In fiscal 2019, the station was used by an average of 6,349 passengers daily (boarding passengers only).
Surrounding area
Ome Railway Park
See also
List of railway stations in Japan
References
External links
JR East Station information (JR East)
Railway stations in Tokyo
Stations of East Japan Railway Company
Railway stations in Japan opened in 1894
Ōme, Tokyo |
17340285 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greb | Greb | Notable people with the surname Greb include:
Christin Carmichael Greb, Canadian politician
Benny Greb (born 1980), prolific German drummer, singer, and clinician
Charles Greb (1859–1934), business owner and politician
Gordon Greb (1921–2016), emeritus professor
Harry Greb (1894–1926), American professional boxer
Nam Greb, sign of artist Franz Xaver Bergmann
See also
Grebo (disambiguation) |
17340295 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/May%20District | May District | May District may refer to:
May District, Kazakhstan
May District, Laos
See also
May (disambiguation) |
23579220 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C4%81ngere%20River | Māngere River | The Māngere River is a river of the Northland Region of New Zealand's North Island. It flows generally westwards from its sources in hills northwest of Whangarei, meeting the Wairua River northwest of Maungatapere.
At the annual New Zealand River Awards in 2014, it was awarded "Most Improved."
See also
List of rivers of New Zealand
References
External links
Rivers of the Northland Region
Rivers of New Zealand
Kaipara Harbour catchment |
17340300 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brosscroft | Brosscroft | Peter Street and Brosscroft is an area in Derbyshire, England. It is part of Hadfield (where the population can be found), located on the north-east side.
It is situated on the boundary of the Peak District National Park and as such is ideal for outdoor recreation activities including walking, cycling and watersports.
It is within a stone's throw of the Park boundary, within two minutes walk (or cycle) of the Longdendale Trail and five minutes walk of the Trans Pennine Trail.
The nearest of four linked reservoirs has been used for watersports in the summer, and the next reservoir has a resident sailing club.
It is less than five minutes drive (ten minutes walk) to the railway station and a similar distance to the A628 trans-pennine trunk road.
Residents thus enjoy a rural lifestyle but with the additional benefits of good east–west road links (to South Yorkshire/M1 and Manchester/M6) and a direct rail link to Manchester Piccadilly and thence to the Airport.
Villages in Derbyshire
High Peak, Derbyshire |
23579222 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangonuiowae%20River | Mangonuiowae River | The Mangonuiowae River is a river of New Zealand's Northland Region. It is a tributary of the Rotokakahi River, which it reaches northeast of Whangape Harbour
See also
List of rivers of New Zealand
References
Rivers of the Northland Region
Rivers of New Zealand |
17340313 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dean%20Richards | Dean Richards | Dean Richards may refer to:
Dean Richards (rugby union) (born 1963), English rugby union player and coach
Dean Richards (footballer) (1974–2011), English footballer
Dean Richards (reporter) (born 1954), Chicago TV reporter |
23579225 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangorewa%20River | Mangorewa River | The Mangorewa River is a river of the Bay of Plenty Region of New Zealand's North Island. It flows northeast from its sources on the Mamaku Plateau northwest of Lake Rotorua, reaching the Kaituna River close to the town of Paengaroa.
See also
List of rivers of New Zealand
References
Rivers of the Bay of Plenty Region
Rivers of New Zealand |
23579226 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maori%20River | Maori River | The Maori River is a river of the West Coast Region of New Zealand's South Island. It flows from several sources in the Mataketake Range east of Haast, passing through the small Tawharekiri Lakes before becoming a tributary of the Waita River, which flows into the Tasman Sea 15 kilometres north of Haast.
See also
List of rivers of New Zealand
References
Rivers of the West Coast, New Zealand
Westland District
Rivers of New Zealand |
17340316 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand%20Enchantment%20Trail | Grand Enchantment Trail | The Grand Enchantment Trail (acronym "GET") is a wilderness recreation trail running between Phoenix, Arizona and Albuquerque, New Mexico. It crosses the Arizona Trail and Continental Divide Trail and at Albuquerque it meets the Rio Grande Trail and El Camino Real de Tierra Adentro.
External links
GET official website - www.GrandEnchantmentTrail.org
Trail Segments - HikeArizona.COM
Trailheads Map - HikeArizona.COM
Hiking trails in Arizona
Long-distance trails in the United States
Hiking trails in New Mexico |
6904062 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Kansas%20State%20University%20people | List of Kansas State University people | The following is a list of notable people associated with Kansas State University, whose main campus is located in the American city of Manhattan, Kansas.
University presidents
The following men have served as President of Kansas State University:
Joseph Denison, 1863–1873
John Anderson, 1873–1879
George Fairchild, 1879–1897
Thomas Elmer Will, 1897–1899
Ernest Reuben Nichols, 1899–1909
Henry J. Waters, 1909–1917
William Jardine, 1918–1925
Francis D. Farrell, 1925–1943
Milton Eisenhower, 1943–1950+
James A. McCain, 1950–1975
Duane C. Acker, 1975–1986
Jon Wefald, 1986–2009
Kirk Schulz, 2009–2016
Richard Myers, 2016–2022+
Richard Linton, 2022–Present
+Kansas State alumnus
Alumni
Academia
Anna Estelle Arnold (1879–1942) – school teacher, administrator, textbook publisher
Erle Bartley – professor (1949–83); developed widely used preventative for ruminal tympany (ruminant bloat)
May Louise Cowles – researcher and nationwide advocate of home economics study
Kenneth S. Davis – historian, professor, nominated for National Book Award
Milton S. Eisenhower – former president of Kansas State, Penn State, and Johns Hopkins universities; brother of Dwight D. Eisenhower
Charlotte P. Morris (PhD) – interim president of Tuskegee University (2010; 2017–2018)
Ernest Fox Nichols – physicist, president of Dartmouth College (1909–16) and MIT (1921–23)
Michael O'Donnell – professor, researcher on adolescent wellness
George P. "Bud" Peterson – President of the Georgia Institute of Technology (2009–present); chancellor of the University of Colorado-Boulder (2006–09)
Imam Prasodjo – professor at the University of Indonesia
John Brooks Slaughter – Chancellor of University System of Maryland (1982–88), president of Occidental College (1988–99), director of the National Science Foundation
Jackie Vietti – President of Butler Community College for 17 years; interim president of Emporia State University in 2015
Arts and media
Kirstie Alley – actress (Cheers, Veronica's Closet, Fat Actress); winner of two Emmy Awards
Craig Bolerjack – announcer on NFL on CBS; Utah Jazz television announcer
Charles L. Brainard – architect; active in preserving the papers of Dwight D. Eisenhower and establishing the Dwight D. Eisenhower Presidential Library, Museum and Boyhood Home
Jane Butel – cookbook author; founder of the Jane Butel Cooking School
Bill Buzenberg – journalist; executive director of Center for Public Integrity; former vice-president of news at NPR
Del Close – actor, improviser, writer; co-founder of I.O. theatre in Chicago and one of premier influences on modern improvisational theater
Lucinda Dickey – actress (Breakin', Breakin' 2: Electric Boogaloo), former Solid Gold dancer
Roy M. Fisher – journalist; former Editor-in-Chief of Chicago Daily News
Gail Gregg – artist
Eddie Griffin – comedian
Mitch Holthus – radio voice of Kansas City Chiefs
Gordon Jump – actor (WKRP in Cincinnati, "Maytag Man")
Charles Melton – actor
Virgil Miller – film special effects pioneer; Academy Award nominee
Clementine Paddleford – journalist and food writer; declared by Time magazine in 1953 as the "best known food editor in the United States"
Darcy Pattison – writer of children’s literature, blogger, writing teacher and indie publisher.
Steve Pepoon – TV writer/producer; Emmy winner, The Simpsons
Steve Physioc – broadcaster for the Kansas City Royals
Keylee Sue Sanders – television fashion consultant; former Miss Teen USA; pageant organizer
Lawrence M. Schoen – science fiction author
Mark Schultz – musician
Kevin Warren Sloan - student athlete; landscape architect, urban planner and writer
Crystal Smith – model, actress, and Playboy centerfold
Pete Souza – photojournalist and official White House photographer (1983–1989); chief White House photographer (2009–present)
Eric Stonestreet – actor (Modern Family), Emmy Award winner
Theresa Vail – Miss Kansas 2013
Jerry Wexler – record producer; enshrined in Rock and Roll Hall of Fame
English/creative writing
Derick Burleson – poet
Frank Marshall Davis – poet; journalist; editor of several African-American newspapers
Darren DeFrain – fiction writer
Taylor Mali – slam poet
Claude McKay – poet influential during Harlem Renaissance
Debra Monroe – fiction writer
Bryan Penberthy – poet
Kevin Rabas – poet
Ed Skoog – poet
Business
Leanne Caret – President and CEO of Boeing Defense, Space & Security
James Harbord – Major General during World War I; president and chairman of the board for RCA
Damon T. Hininger – Chief Executive Officer of the Corrections Corporation of America.
Carl Ice – President (2010–14) and President and CEO (2014–20) of BNSF Railway
Jim Isch – officer at NCAA; interim executive director of NCAA (2009–2010)
Dakota Bartell - President of DBMetals (2015–Present)
William A. Porter – founder of E-Trade
Warren Staley – President and CEO, Cargill, Inc.
Gregory C. Case - CEO of Aon
Politics, government and military
Emory S. Adams – United States Army general
Joseph Boakai – Vice President of Liberia (2006–2018)
Sam Brownback – U.S. Senator, Kansas (1996–2011), 46th governor of Kansas (2011–2018)
Donald M. Campbell Jr. – Commanding general of U.S. Army Recruiting Command in Fort Knox
John W. Carlin – 40th governor of Kansas; Archivist of the United States (1995–2005)
Glen E. Edgerton – Major General, U.S. Army
Marlin Fitzwater – Press Secretary under Ronald Reagan and George H. W. Bush
Kenji Fujimori – Peruvian businessman and Congressman
Jim Geringer – 30th governor of Wyoming
Mike Hayden – 41st governor of Kansas
Lori Healey – Commissioner of the Chicago Department of Planning and Development
Lynn Jenkins – Kansas State Treasurer (2002–08), U.S. House of Representatives (2009–2019)
Ronald E. Keys – General, U.S. Air Force
Richard A. Knobloch – Brigadier General, U.S. Air Force
Henry D. Linscott – Lieutenant General, U.S. Marine Corps
Roger Marshall – junior United States senator from Kansas
Michael A. McAuliffe – Brigadier General, U.S. Air Force
Frank B. Morrison – 31st governor of Nebraska (1961–67)
Richard Myers – Chairman of the U.S. Joint Chiefs of Staff (2001–2005)
Richard Bordeaux Parker – diplomat
John Jacob Rhodes – Minority Leader of the U.S. House of Representatives (1973–1981)
Pat Roberts – U.S. Senator, Kansas (1996–2020)
Bernard W. Rogers – NATO Supreme Allied Commander
Glenn Rogers – Member of the Texas House of Representatives (2021–Present)
Susanna M. Salter – Mayor of Argonia, Kansas (1887); first female mayor in the United States
Fred Andrew Seaton – U.S. Senator, Nebraska (1951–1952); U.S. Secretary of the Interior (1956–1961)
K. Gary Sebelius – Magistrate judge of the United States District Court for the District of Kansas
Harold Sebring – Chief Justice of the Florida Supreme Court, American judge at the Nuremberg Trials, Dean of the Stetson University College of Law, and head coach of the Florida Gators football team
Richard J. Seitz – Lieutenant General, U.S. Army
Theresa Sparks – President of the San Francisco Police Commission
Virginia Trotter – U.S. Assistant Secretary of Education (1974–1977)
Allen West – U.S. House of Representatives from Florida's 22nd district (2011–2013)
Science and technology
Mark Alfred Carleton – botanist
Peter Tsai - inventor of N95 mask
David Fairchild – botanist and explorer
Paul C. Fisher – inventor
Philip Fox – astronomer
Alwyn Howard Gentry – botanist
Luis Montaner – HIV/AIDS researcher
Nellie M. Payne – entomologist and agricultural chemist
Elieser Posner — grain scientist
Geraldine L. Richmond – physical chemist; National Medal of Science laureate
Lloyd Carlton Stearman – aircraft designer
Charles Hazelius Sternberg – paleontologist
Walter Tennyson Swingle – botanist
Samuel Wendell Williston – paleontologist
Athletics
Baseball
Elden Auker – All-American (1932); All-Big Six Conference in football, basketball, and baseball; played for Detroit Tigers
Josh Billings – 11-year Major League Baseball veteran
Ted Power – 12-year Major League Baseball veteran
Bobby Randall – played for Minnesota Twins (1976–80), former head baseball coach at Iowa State University (1985-1995), former head baseball coach at University of Kansas (1996-2002)
Andy Replogle – pitcher for Milwaukee Brewers
Kite Thomas – outfielder for Philadelphia Athletics, Washington Senators; namesake of Kite's Bar in Manhattan, Kansas
Carlos Torres – pitcher for Chicago White Sox
Craig Wilson – All-American (1992); member of the 1992 Olympic baseball team in Barcelona; played for Chicago White Sox
Earl Woods – father of Tiger Woods; broke color barrier in baseball in the Big Seven Conference at Kansas State
Basketball
Ernie Barrett – first-round pick in 1951 NBA Draft (Boston Celtics), former athletic director at Kansas State, number retired by KSU
Michael Beasley – active NBA player, All-American and Big 12 Conference Player of the Year (2008), second overall selection in the 2008 NBA Draft
Rolando Blackman – College Basketball Hall of Famer, All-American (1981), first-round pick in 1981 NBA Draft (Dallas Mavericks), four-time NBA All-Star
Bob Boozer – College Basketball Hall of Famer, two-time All-American (1958, 1959), first overall draft pick in 1959 NBA Draft (Cincinnati Royals), NBA All-Star
Bob Chipman – former basketball coach at Washburn University; team won 1986–1987 NAIA national championship
Norris Coleman (born 1961) - NBA forward for the Los Angeles Clippers, 1994 Israeli Basketball Premier League MVP
Mike Evans – two-time Big Eight Conference Player of the Year (1977, 1978), first-round pick in 1978 NBA Draft (Denver Nuggets), NBA executive and coach
Bill Guthridge – former basketball coach at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, National Coach of the Year (1998)
Gene Keady – former basketball coach at Purdue, four-time National Coach of the Year (1984, 1994, 1996, 2000)
Lon Kruger – basketball coach at Oklahoma, former coach of Atlanta Hawks, two-time Big Eight Conference Player of the Year (1973, 1974)
Rodney McGruder – active NBA player (Los Angeles Clippers)
Willie Murrell – led KSU to Final Four in 1964, former ABA basketball player, number retired by KSU
Nicole Ohlde – three-time All-American (2002, 2003, 2004), first-round pick in 2004 WNBA Draft, number retired by KSU
Jacob Pullen – all-time scoring leader for KSU (2,132 career points), winner of Frances Pomeroy Naismith Award
Mitch Richmond – Naismith Hall of Fame, All-American (1988), first-round pick in 1988 NBA Draft, six-time NBA All-Star, NBA All-Star Game MVP
Howie Shannon – All-American (1948), first overall draft pick in 1949 BAA Draft (Providence Steamrollers)
Juan "Pachín" Vicens – named "Best Basketball Player in the World" in 1959
Kendra Wecker – All-American and Big 12 Conference Player of the Year (2005), first-round pick in 2005 WNBA Draft (San Antonio Silver Stars), number retired by KSU
D.J. Johnson (basketball) -
Tex Winter- Former KSU basketball coach, Innovator of the Triangle Offense
Football
Elijah Alexander – NFL linebacker; founder of the Tackle Cancer Foundation
David Allen – All-American (1998); NFL kick returner
Michael Bishop – Davey O'Brien Award winner; second in voting for 1998 Heisman Trophy; All-American (1998)
Larry Brown – 1972 NFL MVP; four-time NFL Pro Bowler
Russ Campbell – former NFL tight end for the Pittsburgh Steelers
Chris Canty – two-time All-American (1995, 1996); first-round pick in 1997 NFL Draft
Henry Childs – NFL Pro Bowler
Paul Coffman – three-time NFL Pro Bowler; member of Green Bay Packers Hall of Fame
Tyrone Crews – CFL linebacker, Grey Cup champion, BC Lions Wall of Fame
Ron Dickerson – head football coach for Temple University
Darrell Dickey – head football coach for University of North Texas
Lynn Dickey – NFL quarterback; named all-time All-Big Eight QB in 1996; member of Green Bay Packers Hall of Fame
Josh Freeman – NFL quarterback; first-round draft pick in 2009 NFL Draft
Ralph Graham – starter in 1934 East-West Shrine Game; head football coach for Kansas State
Martín Gramática – Lou Groza Award winner; All-American (1997); NFL Pro Bowler
Dean Griffing – Canadian Football Hall of Famer; first general manager of Denver Broncos
Steve Grogan – NFL quarterback; member of New England Patriots Hall of Fame
Kirby Hocutt – athletic director at Texas Tech University, Chairman of College Football Playoff Committee (2016– )
Jason Johnson – former Indianapolis Colts player
Tony Jordan – NFL running back of Phoenix Cardinals
Jeff Kelly – All-American (1998); former NFL linebacker
Collin Klein – Big XII Offensive Player of the Year 2012; Johnny Unitas Golden Arm Award 2012; third in voting for 2012 Heisman Trophy
Tyler Lockett – NFL wide receiver for the Seattle Seahawks selected for the 2016 Pro Bowl
Jeron Mastrud – NFL tight end (Miami Dolphins)
Jaime Mendez – All-American (1993); holds KSU record for most interceptions in a season (15)
Ralph McFillen – player 1960–1963; NCAA conference commissioner
Jordy Nelson – All-American (2007); NFL wide receiver (Green Bay Packers)
Quentin Neujahr – NFL center
Terence Newman – Jim Thorpe Award winner; unanimous All-American (2002); first-round pick in 2003 NFL Draft
Gary Patterson – head football coach at TCU
Ellis Rainsberger – head football coach for Kansas State University and Pittsburgh Maulers
Doug Russell – led NFL in rushing in 1935
Clarence Scott – All-American (1970); NFL Pro Bowler
Harold L. "Tom" Sebring – Head football coach for the University of Florida (1925–1927)
Mark Simoneau – All-American (1999); Big 12 Player of the Year; former NFL linebacker
Sean Snyder – All-American (1992); son of coach Bill Snyder
Gary Spani – All-American (1977); Member of College Football Hall of Fame and Kansas City Chiefs Hall of Fame
Darren Sproles – All-American (2003); NFL running back; selected as one of "Fifty Greatest San Diego Chargers"
Bob Stull – athletic director at UTEP
Veryl Switzer – NFL running back; highest NFL draft pick in KSU history (#4 in 1954)
Daniel Thomas – NFL running back
Brent Venables, current head football coach at Oklahoma
James J. Yeager – head football coach for Iowa State University and the University of Colorado
Golf
Jim Colbert – finished second at NCAA Championships; registered 8 victories on PGA Tour and 20 victories on Champions Tour; golf television analyst
Robert Streb – PGA golfer
Aaron Watkins – PGA golfer
Track and field
Thane Baker – winner of four Olympic medals, including gold, at 1952 Summer Olympics and 1956 Summer Olympics
Tom Brosius – All-American in shot put and discus
DeLoss Dodds – Big Seven champion; Kansas State track coach (1963–1976); U.S. Track and Field and Cross Country Coaches Association Hall of Fame
Steve Fritz – Big Eight champion; finished fourth in decathlon at 1996 Summer Olympics; assistant coach at Kansas State
Kenny Harrison – won gold medal in triple jump at 1996 Summer Olympics
Thomas Randolph – two-sport All-American (1992)
Ivan Riley – won bronze medal in 400 meter hurdles at 1924 Summer Olympics
Austra Skujytė – won silver medal in heptathlon (for Lithuania) at 2004 Summer Olympics; assistant coach at Kansas State
Others
Erin Brockovich – activist
Sean Lowe – reality star (The Bachelorette, The Bachelor, Dancing with the Stars)
Jim Rayburn – founder of Young Life
Kevin Saunders – wheelchair Olympian
Faculty and staff
Stephen Ambrose – professor of history (1970–71)
Helen Brockman – fashion designer (1968–74)
Helen Stuart Campbell – professor of domestic science (1896–97)
Elizabeth Williams Champney – secretary of college, drawing instructor (1870–73)
John Ciardi – professor of English (poetry)
John Wynn Davidson – first professor of military science (1868–71)
Kenneth S. Davis – professor of history
Michael Finnegan – professor of anthropology
Angelo Garzio, emeritus professor of ceramics
Charles Christian Georgeson – professor of agriculture (1890–98)
Nehemiah Green – professor of military tactics
Roy M. Green – professor; later president of Colorado State University
T. Marshall Hahn – Dean of College of Arts and Sciences (1959–62); later president of Virginia Tech
Pascal Hitzler - professor of computer science (2019–present)
Jonathan Holden – professor of English (poetry) (1978–present)
John S. Hougham – chairman of philosophy and agriculture (1868–72)
A. S. Hitchcock – professor of botany (1892–1901)
Lloyd Hulbert – professor of biology (1955–86)
William Ashbrook Kellerman – professor of botany (1883–91)
Naomi B. Lynn – professor of political science; later first Hispanic female president of an American public university
George A. Milliken – professor of statistics
W. R. Moses – poet; professor of English
Benjamin Franklin Mudge – Chair of Geology Department (1866–74)
Philip Nel – professor of English (2000–present)
Mitsugi Ohno – glassblower of first successful Klein bottle (1961–96)
Andrew Summers Rowan – professor of military tactics (1902–03)
Fred Albert Shannon – professor of history; awarded Pulitzer Prize for History in 1929 while teaching at Kansas State
James Shanteau – professor of psychology
Maurice Cole Tanquary – professor of entomology (1913–1919)
Albert M. Ten Eyck – professor of agriculture (1902–06), agronomy (1906–10) and farm management (1910–12)
Michael Wesch – assistant professor of cultural anthropology, recipient of 2008 U.S. Professor of the Year award from CASE
Kimberly A. With – professor of biology
Fictional characters
Joseph, anti-hero of Bruce Jay Friedman's novel A Mother's Kisses, attends "Kansas Land Grant Agricultural College."
Mary Ashley, main character in Sidney Sheldon's novel Windmills of the Gods, starts the book as a professor at Kansas State University.
Brantley Foster, protagonist in the movie The Secret of My Success, portrayed by Michael J. Fox, is a recent graduate of Kansas State University who moves to New York City where he has landed a job as a financier.
Oliver Lang, terrorist in the movie Arlington Road, portrayed by Tim Robbins, is a former Kansas State student.
Lamar Quin, senior associate in the John Grisham novel The Firm, is noted to have graduated from Kansas State.
See also
Lists of people from Kansas
References
Kansas State University people |
23579227 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maraehara%20River | Maraehara River | The Maraehara River is a river of the Gisborne Region in New Zealand. Rising on the eastern slopes of Mount Whakatiki in the Ruatoria Forest, the river flows eastwards. It flows into the Pacific Ocean, sharing a coastal lagoon with the larger Waiapu River.
See also
List of rivers of New Zealand
References
New Zealand 1:50000 Topographic Map sheet BD44 - Potara
New Zealand 1:50000 Topographic Map sheet BD45 - East Cape
Rivers of the Gisborne District
Rivers of New Zealand |
23579228 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miyanohira%20Station | Miyanohira Station | is a passenger railway station located in the city of Ōme, Tokyo, Japan, operated by the East Japan Railway Company (JR East).
Lines
Miyanohira Station is served by the Ōme Line, located 20.6 kilometers from the terminus of the line at Tachikawa Station.
Station layout
The station has one island platform serving two tracks. The station is unattended.
Platforms
History
The station opened on 1 April 1914. It was nationalized in 1944. It became part of the East Japan Railway Company (JR East) with the breakup of the Japanese National Railways in 1987. A new station building was completed in 2009.
Passenger statistics
In fiscal 2010, the station was used by an average of 504 passengers daily (boarding passengers only).
Surrounding area
Tama River
See also
List of railway stations in Japan
References
External links
JR East Station information (JR East)
Railway stations in Tokyo
Ōme Line
Stations of East Japan Railway Company
Railway stations in Japan opened in 1914
Ōme, Tokyo |
6904064 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emil%20M.%20Mrak | Emil M. Mrak | Emil Marcel Mrak (27 October 1901 – 9 April 1987) was an American food scientist, microbiologist, and second chancellor of the University of California, Davis. He was recognized internationally for his work in food preservation and as a world authority on the biology of yeasts.
Biography
Early years
Mrak was born in San Francisco, California, and graduated from Campbell High School in Campbell. He received a B.S. degree in Food Technology in 1926, M.S. degree in 1928, and Ph.D. degree in botany and mycology in 1936 from University of California, Berkeley. While an undergraduate at Berkeley, Mrak was a member of the Alpha Gamma Rho fraternity.
Career
Mrak was appointed as an instructor in food technology at UC Berkeley in 1937 and became professor and department chairman in 1948. In 1951, he led the move of the department to its current location at UC Davis, and was later appointed chancellor in 1959. He was the first food scientist to ever be named president or chancellor of a college or university. The only other food scientist to have this honor is James L. Oblinger, chancellor of the North Carolina State University in Raleigh from 2005 to 2009.
Mrak was recommended to UC President Clark Kerr by Harry R. Wellman. Kerr had to bring Mrak before the board three times in order to secure their reluctant approval of his appointment to lead the Davis campus. Upon encountering him, some regents initially thought that Mrak did not "look like a chancellor". However, both the Board of Regents and Kerr came to value Mrak's management skills, as well as his ability to effectively represent the university's interests in nearby Sacramento.
A charter member of the Institute of Food Technologists (IFT) in 1939, Mrak served as its President from 1957 to 1958. He also won numerous awards within IFT, including the Nicholas Appert Award (1957), the Babcock-Hart Award (1961), the International Award (1963), election as a Fellow in 1970, and the Carl R. Fellers Award in 1984. He also served as chair of IFT's Northern California Section in 1947/48. In 1969, Mrak served as chairman of a federal government commission (which became known as the Mrak commission) that recommended restricting the use of the pesticide DDT. He also served as the first chairman of the Environmental Protection Agency's Science Advisory Council under President Richard M. Nixon.
Personal life
Mrak married Vera Dudley Greaves, a nutritionist, on November 15, 1945. They had two children: Robert Emil Mrak (December 18, 1948) and Antoinette Vera Mrak (July 15, 1951). Mrak died in Davis, California on April 9, 1987. Mrak Hall, the administration office building on the UC Davis campus, is named in his honor.
In 1988, UC Davis also established the Emil M. Mrak International Award in his honor.
Mrak is of Croatian descent.
Honours and awards
Alpha Gamma Rho Chi Brothers of the Century: 1923
Alpha Gamma Rho Hall of Fame: 1980
University of California, Berkeley Alumnus of the Year: 1969
Students
Herman Phaff
References
Further reading
Alpha Gamma Rho Chi brothers of the century
Alpha Gamma Rho Hall of Fame
Centennial history of University of California (food science and technology)
Food Science and Technology history at UC-Davis
List of IFT fellows
List of IFT past award winners
External links
Emil Mrak on the Davis Wiki
University of California: In Memoriam, 1987.
University of California, Berkeley Alumnus of the Year awards
Images of Emil Mrak from UCD Archives
Emil Mrak Papers at Special Collections Dept., University Library, University of California, Davis
1901 births
1987 deaths
American food scientists
American microbiologists
Fellows of the Institute of Food Technologists
People from San Francisco
University of California, Berkeley alumni
University of California, Berkeley faculty
Chancellors of the University of California, Davis
Educators from California
People from Davis, California |
6904067 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry%20Boney | Henry Boney | Henry Tate Boney (October 28, 1903 – June 12, 2002) was an American professional baseball player who was a relief pitcher in Major League Baseball during part of the 1927 season. Boney appeared in three games, all in relief, for the New York Giants.
Boney was born in Wallace, North Carolina. He attended the University of Florida in Gainesville, where he played for coach Lance Richbourg and coach Brady Cowell's Florida Gators baseball teams in 1926 and 1927.
Boney made his major league debut as 23-year-old rookie against the Philadelphia Phillies at Baker Bowl on June 28, 1927. He made his third and final relief appearance on July 13. Boney finished all three games in which he appeared, and pitched a total of four innings, giving up just one earned run. Boney's record was 0–0 with a 2.25 earned run average.
See also
Florida Gators
List of Florida Gators baseball players
External links
Retrosheet
1903 births
2002 deaths
Baseball players from North Carolina
Florida Gators baseball players
Major League Baseball pitchers
New York Giants (NL) players
People from Wallace, North Carolina |
6904077 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C4%B1z%C4%B1lay | Kızılay |
Places
Cyprus
Kızılay, Cyprus the Turkish name for the town of Trachonas
Turkey
Kızılay, Ankara, a neighborhood of Ankara, and one of the primary nerve centers of the city
Kızılay Meydanı, a square in the neighborhood
Other uses
Kızılay, the short name for Kızılay Derneği, the Turkish Red Crescent |
23579240 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anita%20Darian | Anita Darian | Anita Darian (April 26, 1927 – February 1, 2015) was an American singer and actress who had an extensive career from the 1950s to the 2010s.
A soprano, Darian performed roles with the New York City Opera and was a featured soloist with the New York Philharmonic. She also performed and recorded several roles from musicals, including Julie in a studio recording version of Show Boat for Columbia Masterworks in 1962 with John Raitt, Barbara Cook, and William Warfield. She portrayed Lady Thiang in the 1960 revival of The King and I at New York City Center with Barbara Cook as Anna and Farley Granger as the King. She made a number of classical recordings with various contemporary composers as well as solo albums for Fidelio Records and Kapp Records.
She was born Anita Margaret Esgandarian in Detroit, Michigan, of Armenian descent. She was a 1945 graduate of Cooley High School. She later studied opera at the Curtis Institute of Music in Philadelphia and the Juilliard School in New York, but first came to popular attention as a featured singer with the short-lived Sauter-Finegan jazz band of the mid-1950s, with whom she recorded for RCA Victor.
She settled in New York City and worked in everything from opera and classical recitals to television jingles and cartoon voice-overs. She appeared in several television productions of musicals and operas from the 1950s to the 1970s.
Darian also sang the female soprano portion on The Tokens' 1961 #1 hit "The Lion Sleeps Tonight". Her high counterpoint to the lead and backup singers was an astounding merging of her operatic training.
As late as 2012, she was featured in concerts honoring the Great American Songbook.
Darian died on February 1, 2015, aged 87, at South Nassau Communities Hospital in Oceanside, New York, due to surgical complications.
References
External links
American musical theatre actresses
American operatic sopranos
American people of Armenian descent
Curtis Institute of Music alumni
Juilliard School alumni
1927 births
2015 deaths
Singers from Detroit
Classical musicians from Michigan
Cooley High School alumni
21st-century American women |
23579241 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyscias%20murrayi | Polyscias murrayi | Polyscias murrayi, known as the pencil cedar, is a very common rainforest tree of eastern Australia.
It occurs as a secondary regeneration species in disturbed rainforest areas, often on hillsides. The tree is identified by cylindrical trunk; abruptly forking into many branches, and supporting an impressive dark canopy.
Other common names include the umbrella tree, white basswood and pencilwood. The range of natural distribution is from the Howe Range, just over the border in the state of Victoria (37° S), up through New South Wales and to Atherton, Queensland (17° S). It also occurs in New Guinea.
Description
This small to medium size tree grows to 25 metres tall with a trunk diameter of 50 cm. It is unbranched at the end of the main trunk, then breaks out into a many branched crown. The cylindrical trunk is mostly smooth, greyish or brown. The base of the tree is not flanged, fluted or buttressed.
Leaves are alternate and pinnate with 8 to 30 leaflets, opposite on the leaf stalk, entire or toothed, ovate lanceolate in shape, 8 to 15 cm long. However, leaves may be much larger on younger trees. Leaf stalks are up to 120 cm long and leaflet stalks 3 to 8 mm long. Between each pair of leaflets on the leaf stalk, a gland may be seen. The midrib is white or paler green, raised under the leaf. Leaf venation is more easily seen on the top of the leaf.
Creamy green flowers form on stalks on umbels in the months of February to March. The fruit is a blue drupe, usually with two lobes, sometimes three. Fruit matures from April to June. Germination from fresh seed is slow.
The fruit is eaten by a variety of birds, including the brown cuckoo dove, Lewin's honeyeater, rose crowned fruit dove, satin bowerbird and superb fruit dove.
Uses
Polyscias murrayi is useful to bush regenerators as a nursery tree, which provides shade for longer lived young trees underneath. It is also an attractive ornamental tree.
References
Notes
Bibliography
(other publication details, included in citation)
murrayi
Apiales of Australia
Trees of Australia
Flora of New South Wales
Flora of Queensland
Flora of Victoria (Australia)
Ornamental trees
Taxa named by Ferdinand von Mueller |
6904082 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yahudi | Yahudi | Yahudi (), is a 1958 Hindi-language action drama film directed by Bimal Roy. It starred Dilip Kumar, Meena Kumari, Sohrab Modi, Nazir Hussain, Nigar Sultana and others. It was based on the play Yahudi Ki Ladki by Agha Hashar Kashmiri, a classic in Parsi-Urdu theatre, about persecution of Jews in the Roman Empire. Although, not very well received critically, the film was an unexpected hit and was the third-highest grossing film of 1958, owing to box office draw of Dilip Kumar.
The film's lyricist Shailendra won the Filmfare Award for Best Lyricist at the 6th ceremony, for the song "Yeh Mera Diwanapan Hai", sung by Mukesh.
The plot bears similarities to Jacques Fromental Halévy's opera La Juive.
The story revolves around the life of a foster relationship. Set in the era of the Roman Empire over 2000 years ago, it focuses upon the persecution of Jews at that time in the empire's centre - Rome.
Plot
Ezra (Sohrab Modi) is a jeweller who has a son called Elijah. He also has a friendly butler/childminder called Emmanuel. In the beginning, Ezra is due to leave. As he does, Elijah becomes upset and stands at the balcony. In the roads of the Jewish area, Brutus (Nazir Hussain), Governor of Rome, is passing, making an announcement. Watching over the balcony is Elijah. A stone slips from his hand and hits Brutus on the head. Brutus immediately gets Elijah arrested, and as Elijah is a Jew, sentences him to death. Hearing this, Ezra rapidly returns from his trip and arrives at the doorstep of Brutus. He begs Brutus to free Elijah, but Brutus feeds Elijah to hungry lions. Ezra sadly returns to his house. In revenge, Emmanuel kidnaps Lydia, motherless daughter of Brutus, and takes her to Ezra. Ezra refuses to kill Lydia and instead adopts the child.
Brutus' anger brews. He orders the guards to find his daughter, and call for punishment of all Jews. Ezra remains hidden and raises Lydia, who grows up thinking she is Ezra's daughter and that her name is Hannah.
Years pass and Ezra grows to become a successful jeweller, well known to be so good and a Jew. Hannah (Meena Kumari) grows into a beautiful young lady and attracts attention from many. The Emperor of Rome arrives in Rome for the marriage of his son Prince Marcus (Dilip Kumar) to Brutus' niece Princess Octivia (Nigar Sultana).
However, Prince Marcus avoids talking about his marriage and opposes it. One day, when returning from a hunting trip, he gets hurt and is cared for by Hannah. He then disguises himself as a Jew and goes back into the Jewish area. He rescues Hannah from the unwanted attentions of a Roman soldier and meets her father, Ezra, not as Prince Marcus but as Monshija, a successful Jew from Alexandria. Ezra is happy to meet him and "Monshija" and Hannah fall in love.
But Hannah soon notices that something isn't right. Prince Marcus then reveals who he is, making Hannah very upset at his dishonesty, and she banishes the Prince from her life.
Then comes the day of the marriage of Prince Marcus and Princess Octivia. Everyone is invited. Before the ritual could commence, Hannah shouts aloud that she had been cheated by a Roman. Ezra joins in to get back at his enemy Brutus. He clamors for justice. The Emperor demands the name of the culprit and Hannah claims it was Prince Marcus. Brutus tries to rebut Hannah and Ezra, but the Emperor insists that justice must be done. Heartbroken, Hannah returns home.
She is followed by Princess Octivia. Hannah sees the Princess at her doorstep and denies her entry. Hannah knew the princess would beg for the Prince's life. However, the princess told Hannah that the Prince will be sentenced to death the very next day. Early morning the next day, without warning, Hannah took Ezra with her to the Emperor. There she told him that she takes the accusation back. She tells the Emperor that the man that cheated was not the prince but a look-alike. Ezra is shocked, and Brutus, filled with happiness, sentences Hannah and Ezra to death. They are to be thrown into a cauldron of boiling oil that very day, in front of the Prince. Unable to bear that his love will be burnt in front of him, Prince Marcus blinds himself, then goes to the cauldron chamber.
Here Ezra is begging for Hannah's life, and Hannah is trying to reason with Ezra that she'd rather die than live a life of hate. But Brutus stops at nothing and wants the two to die. Immediately, Ezra tells Brutus that he knows where the Governor's lost daughter is. Brutus is confused and says that this is Ezra's revenge and accuses the Jew of lying. Ezra sarcastically agrees. But Brutus begs Ezra and Ezra will only tell on one condition. That Hannah is thrown into the cauldron as soon as Brutus finds out who his daughter is. Now Hannah is confused. Ezra tells Brutus that Hannah is Brutus' daughter and the Jew tells the guards to throw Hannah into the boiling oil. Brutus orders them to stop. Ezra looks at Hannah and dies. Hannah cries over her foster father's dead body. Brutus tells Hannah not to cry, but Hannah does not listen. She runs away from Brutus and finds the Prince. Shocked to find him blind, Hannah lends him support and helps him as the two disappear into the distance.
Cast
Sohrab Modi as Ezra Johari
Dilip Kumar as Shehzada Marcus
Meena Kumari as Hannah / Lydia
Nigar Sultana as Shehzadi Octavia
Nazir hussain as Brutus
Anwar hussain as Antonio
Minu Mumtaz as Ruth
Tiwari as Emmanuel
Murad as Emperor Julius Caesar
Indira as Yasmine
Adil
Bikram kapoor as Leo
Baby Naaz as Young Lydia
Romi as Elijah
Helen as Dancer / Singer
Cuckoo as Dancer / Singer
Kamala Laxman as Wedding Dancer / Singer
Soundtrack
References
External links
Full movie YouTube
1950s Hindi-language films
1958 films
Films scored by Shankar–Jaikishan
Films directed by Bimal Roy
Films set in the Roman Empire
Indian historical drama films
Films about royalty
Films about antisemitism
Indian films based on plays
Indian epic films
Historical epic films
1950s historical drama films
1958 drama films |
23579242 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hinatawada%20Station | Hinatawada Station | is a passenger railway station located in the city of Ōme, Tokyo, Japan, operated by the East Japan Railway Company (JR East).
Lines
Hinatawada Station is served by the Ōme Line, located 21.4 kilometers from the terminus of the line at Tachikawa Station.
Station layout
This station consists of a single side platform serving a single bi-directional track. The station is unattended.
Platform
History
Hinatawada Station opened on 28 December 1895. It was nationalized in 1944. It became part of the East Japan Railway Company (JR East) with the breakup of the Japanese National Railways in 1987.
Passenger statistics
In fiscal 2014, the station was used by an average of 893 passengers daily (boarding passengers only).
Surrounding area
Japan National Route 411
Tama River
See also
List of railway stations in Japan
References
External links
JR East Station information (JR East)
Railway stations in Tokyo
Ōme Line
Stations of East Japan Railway Company
Railway stations in Japan opened in 1895
Ōme, Tokyo |
44498069 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael%20Coghlan | Michael Coghlan | Michael Coghlan (born 15 January 1985) is an English footballer who plays for Northern League club Washington.
A midfielder, Coghlan played in the Football League for Darlington and in non-league football for numerous clubs in the north-east of England.
Football career
Sunderland-born Coghlan began his football career with Darlington. As a 16-year-old, he was playing for their reserve team, and was included in the travelling squad, though not among the matchday 16, for Darlington's League Cup visit to Wolverhampton Wanderers in September 2003. A week later, he was an unused substitute for the Third Division match at home to Southend United, and on 11 October, as a member of "one of the youngest and smallest squads in the Third Division"Coghlan himself had been dubbed "pint-sized"he made his debut in the Football League. He entered the match as a second-half substitute with his team already two goals down at home to Bristol Rovers; it finished as a 4–0 defeat. In the Football League Trophy, against a Hull City side with eleven changes from their previous league match, Coghlan's "low, fierce shot" was blocked, rebounding to Mark Sheeran who scored to reduce Hull's lead to 2–1, but Darlington were eliminated.
He played twice more in the league in December, before joining Northern Premier League club Harrogate Town on loan in March 2004. The manager thought he "maybe struggled with the pace of the game" in his first appearance, in a defeat at Alfreton Town, and he was back with Darlington a few days later. He played regularly for the reserves in 2004–05according to his 2004 profile on the club's website, he had "shown he is a good passer of the ball with plenty to offer in midfield"but in November was one of seven players with contracts due to expire at the end of the season whom manager David Hodgson listed for transfer or loan and told to prove their worth to the club. After spending time with Bishop Auckland, another Northern Premier League club, on loan, Coghlan finished the season with Darlington's reserves, and was released when his contract expired.
He then went on a tour of non-league football in the north-east of England, playing for clubs including Ryhope CA, Durham City, Crook Town, another spell at Bishop Auckland, Sunderland RCA, Jarrow Roofing, Chester-le-Street Town, Seaham Red Star, and most recently Washington.
He also captained Humbledon Plains Farm, a Sunderland-based team, to victory in the 2014 FA Sunday Cup.
References
External links
1985 births
Living people
Footballers from Sunderland
English footballers
Association football midfielders
Darlington F.C. players
Harrogate Town A.F.C. players
Bishop Auckland F.C. players
Sunderland Ryhope Community Association F.C. players
Durham City A.F.C. players
Crook Town A.F.C. players
Jarrow Roofing Boldon Community Association F.C. players
Chester-le-Street Town F.C. players
Seaham Red Star F.C. players
Washington F.C. players
English Football League players
Northern Premier League players
Northern Football League players |
23579249 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ishigamimae%20Station | Ishigamimae Station | is a passenger railway station located in the city of Ōme, Tokyo, Japan, operated by the East Japan Railway Company (JR East).
Lines
Ishigamimae Station is served by the Ōme Line, located 22.4 kilometers from the terminus of the line at Tachikawa Station.
Station layout
This station consists of a single side platform serving a single bi-directional track. The station is unattended.
Platform
History
The station opened on 13 October 1928 as the . It was nationalized on 1 April 1944 and was renamed at that time. It was renamed to its present name on 1 March 1947. It became part of the East Japan Railway Company (JR East) with the breakup of the Japanese National Railways in 1987.
Passenger statistics
In fiscal 2010, the station was used by an average of 504 passengers daily (boarding passengers only).
Surrounding area
Tama River
See also
List of railway stations in Japan
References
External links
JR East Station information (JR East)
Railway stations in Tokyo
Ōme Line
Stations of East Japan Railway Company
Railway stations in Japan opened in 1928
Ōme, Tokyo |
6904083 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Culture%20of%20Martinique | Culture of Martinique | As an overseas départment of France, Martinique's culture is French and Caribbean. Its former capital, Saint-Pierre (destroyed by a volcanic eruption), was often referred to as the Paris of the Lesser Antilles. The official language is French, although many Martinicans speak a Creole patois. Based in French, Martinique's Creole also incorporates elements of English, Spanish, Portuguese, and African languages. Originally passed down through oral storytelling traditions, it continues to be used more often in speech than in writing.
Most of Martinique's population is descended from African slaves brought to work on sugar plantations during the colonial era, white slave owners or from Carib or Kalinago people.
Today, the island enjoys a higher standard of living than most other Caribbean countries. French products are easily available. Following French custom, many businesses close at midday, then reopen later in the afternoon. Among young people, studying in France is common. For the French, Martinique has been a vacation hotspot for many years, attracting both the upper class and more budget-conscious travelers.
Music
Music contributes a great deal to Martinique's culture. The most popular style is zouk, which originated in Martinique and Guadeloupe by combining elements of a number of musical styles from the Caribbean and United States. Its biggest influence was biguine, which was popular dance orchestra music from the 1930s to 1950s. Zouk today has evolved from big band ensembles to smaller, electronically peppered bands. Musicians use synthesizers, DIGITAL samplers, and drum machines, which they program to sound like native percussion instruments.
Another favorite musical genre, bèlè is an early form of biguine which incorporates group dance and song accompanied by drumming, often led in a call and response style. For most of the year, local music dominates. But during Carnival, other music like calypso and soca can be heard as well.
Festivals
Martinique's version of Carnival, is a four-day event beginning just before Lent and ending on its first day, with the burning of Vaval, a papier-mâché figure symbolizing Carnival. Businesses close during Carnival.
Like other Caribbean Carnivals, Martinique's is a high-energy event with parades, singing, drums, and other festivities. People dress up in costumes, with devils and she-devils being especially popular. During Carnival in Martinique, many men parade in drag queen costume, sometimes with very elaborate and provocative outfits, with no obvious hint at alternative sexuality. It must be mentioned that traditionally, some women dressed as men for burlesque weddings on Monday. The high presence of men in drag is a reference to the central role of women in Martinique's society and family structure.
Towns throughout Martinique elect their own Carnival Queen, Mini-Queen, and Queen Mother.
Halfway through Lent, Martinicans take a break from abstinence with the one-day holiday Micarême. The one-day mini-Carnival features dances, parties, and similar activities. Afterward, people return to their repentance until Easter begins.
Just as in France, every year on November 21, Martinique celebrates the release of the year's Beaujolais nouveau. In odd-numbered years in early December, the island hosts its prestigious Jazz à la Martinique. Both top local talent and internationally known musicians like Branford Marsalis perform at this jazz festival. Jazz Festivals all over the Caribbean are very enjoyable.
Cuisine
French and Creole cuisine dominate Martinique's culinary landscape. The two styles also combine by using French techniques with local produce, such as breadfruit, cassava, and christophine (chayote). Creole dishes rely heavily on seafood, including curries and fritters. An exception is boudin, a Creole type of blood sausage. A dash of Chien sauce (made from onions, shallots, peppers, oil, and vinegar) adds a spicy touch to meals. The favored island drink, Ti punch, is a mixture of five parts of white rum to one part sugarcane syrup. Crêperies, brasseries, and restaurants featuring cuisine from various French regions can be found all over Martinique.
History of French Antilles culture
Pierre Belain d'Esnambuc was a French trader and adventurer in the Caribbean, who established the first permanent French colony, Saint-Pierre, on the island of Martinique in 1635. Belain sailed to the Caribbean in 1625, hoping to establish a French settlement on the island of St. Christopher (St. Kitts). In 1626 he returned to France, where he won the support of Cardinal Richelieu to establish French colonies in the region. Richelieu became a shareholder in the Compagnie de Saint-Christophe, created to accomplish this with d'Esnambuc at its head. The company was not particularly successful and Richelieu had it reorganized as the Compagnie des Îles de l'Amérique. In 1635 d'Esnambuc sailed to Martinique with one hundred French settlers to clear land for sugarcane plantations.
After six months on Martinique, d'Esnambuc returned to St. Christopher, where he soon died prematurely in 1636, leaving the company and Martinique in the hands of his nephew, Du Parquet. His nephew, Jacques Dyel du Parquet, inherited d'Esnambuc's authority over the French settlements in the Caribbean. In 1637, his nephew, Jacques Dyel du Parquet, became governor of the island. He remained in Martinique and did not concern himself with the other islands.
The French permanently settled on Martinique and Guadeloupe after being driven off Saint Kitts and Nevis (Saint-Christophe in French) by the British. Fort Royal (Fort-de-France) on Martinique was a major port for French battle ships in the region from which the French were able to explore the region. In 1638, Jacques Dyel du Parquet (1606-1658), nephew of Pierre Belain d'Esnambuc and first governor of Martinique, decided to have Fort Saint Louis built to protect the city against enemy attacks. From Fort Royal, Martinique, Du Parquet proceeded south in search for new territories and established the first settlement in Saint Lucia in 1643, and headed an expedition which established a French settlement in Grenada in 1649. Despite the long history of British rule, Grenada's French heritage is still evidenced by the number of French loanwords in Grenadian Creole, French-style buildings, cuisine and places name (For ex. Petit Martinique, Martinique Channel, etc.)
In 1642 the Compagnie des Îles de l'Amérique company received a twenty-year extension of its charter. The King would name the Governor General of the company, and the company the Governors of the various islands. However, by the late 1640s, in France Mazarin had little interest in colonial affairs and the company languished. In 1651 it dissolved itself, selling its exploitation rights to various parties. The du Paquet family bought Martinique, Grenada, and Saint Lucia for 60,000 livres. The sieur d'Houël bought Guadeloupe, Marie-Galante, La Desirade and the Saintes. The Knights of Malta bought Saint Barthélemy and Saint Martin, which were made dependencies of Guadeloupe. In 1665, the Knights sold the islands they had acquired to the newly formed (1664) Compagnie des Indes occidentales.
Dominica is a former French and British colony in the Eastern Caribbean, located about halfway between the French islands of Guadeloupe (to the north) and Martinique (to the south). Christopher Columbus named the island after the day of the week on which he spotted it, a Sunday (domingo in Latin), 3 November 1493. In the hundred years after Columbus's landing, Dominica remained isolated. At the time it was inhabited by the Island Caribs, or Kalinago people, and over time more settled there after being driven from surrounding islands, as European powers entered the region. In 1690, French woodcutters from Martinique and Guadeloupe begin to set up timber camps to supply the French islands with wood and gradually become permanent settlers. France had a colony for several years, they imported slaves from West Africa, Martinique and Guadeloupe to work on its plantations. In this period, the Antillean Creole language developed. France formally ceded possession of Dominica to Great Britain in 1763. Great Britain established a small colony on the island in 1805. As a result, Dominica speak English as an official language while Antillean creole is spoken as a secondary language and is well maintained due to its location between the French-speaking departments of Guadeloupe and Martinique.
In Trinidad, the Spanish who were in possession of the island, contributed little towards advancements, with El Dorado the focus, Trinidad was perfect due to its geographical location. Because Trinidad was considered underpopulated, Roume de St. Laurent, a Frenchman living in Grenada, was able to obtain a Cédula de Población from the Spanish king Charles III on 4 November 1783. Following the cedula of population French planters with their slaves, free coloreds and mulattos from the French Antilles of Martinique, Grenada, Guadeloupe and Dominica migrated to the Trinidad. They too added to the ancestry of Trinidadians, creating the creole identity; Spanish, French, and Patois were the languages spoken. The Spanish also gave many incentives to lure settlers to the island, including exemption from taxes for ten years and land grants in accordance to the terms set out in the Cedula. These new immigrants establishing local communities of Blanchisseuse, Champs Fleurs, Paramin, Cascade, Carenage and Laventille. Trinidad's population jumped to over 15,000 by the end of 1789, from just under 1,400 in 1777. In 1797, Trinidad became a British crown colony, with a French-speaking population. This exodus was encouraged due to the French Revolution.
Carnival had arrived with the French, indentured laborers and the slaves, who could not take part in Carnival, formed their own, parallel celebration called canboulay (from the French cannes brulées, meaning burnt cane) - the precursor for Trinidad's carnival and has played an important role in the development of Trinidad's culture. During the carnival season, the slaves performed songs in tents called Kaiso - later Calypso tents. Many early kaiso or calypso were performed in the French creole language and led by a griot or chantwell. As Trinidad became a British colony, the chantwell became known as the calypsonian. The British government tried to ban the celebration of carnival due to its aggressive overtone; this led to canboulay Riots between the Afro-creoles and the police, which banned the use of Stick fighting and African percussion music in 1881. They were replaced by bamboo "Bamboo-Tamboo" sticks beaten together, which were themselves banned in turn. In 1937 they reappeared, transformed as an orchestra of frying pans, dustbin lids and oil drums. These steelpans or pans are now a major part of the Trinidadian music scene.
Calypso's early rise was closely connected with the adoption of Carnival by Trinidadian slaves, including canboulay drumming and the music masquerade processions. The French brought Carnival to Trinidad, and calypso competitions at Carnival grew in popularity, especially after the abolition of slavery in 1834. From Trinidad, the carnival, calypso and steel pan spread to the entire English speaking Caribbean islands. Calypso in the Caribbean includes a range of genres, including: the Benna genre of Antiguan and Barbudan music; Mento, a style of Jamaican folk music that greatly influenced ska and reggae; Ska, the precursor to rocksteady and reggae; Spouge, a style of Barbadian popular music.
In Dominica, the chanté mas and lapo kabwit tradition started to become dominated by imported calypso and steel pan music in the early 1960s. After a fire in 1963, the traditional carnival was banned, though calypso and steelpan continued to grow in popularity. Calypso appealed to Carnival-partygoers because the lyrical focus on local news and gossip was similar to that of chanté mas, despite a rhythmic pattern and instrumentation which contrast sharply with traditional Dominican "Mas Domnik" music. Many of the traditional chanté mas (masquerade song) were performed to the calypso beat and later the new reggae beat coming out of Jamaica.
Calypsonians and Calypso Monarch competitions emerged and became extremely popular. Steelbands emerged all around Dominica and the rest of the Caribbean islands. Calypso music has been popular in Dominica since the 1950s; the first Calypso King was crowned in 1959. Bands such as Swinging Stars, The Gaylords, De Boys an Dem, Los Caballeros and Swinging Busters surfaced and began to cut records. The emergence of radio, first WIDBS and later Radio Dominica helped to spread the music.
In the 1960s, a number of Haitian musicians to the French Antilles (Guadeloupe and Martinique) brought with them the kadans (another word named for the genre "compas"), a sophisticated form of music that quickly swept the island and helped unite all the former French colonies of the Caribbean by combining their cultural influences. Webert Sicot, the originator of cadence recorded three LPs albums with French Antilles producers: two with "Celini disques" in Guadeloupe and one with "Balthazar" in Martinique. Haitian compas or cadence bands were asked to integrate Antillean musicians. Consequently, the leading "Les Guais troubadours", with influential singer "Louis Lahens" along other bands, played a very important role in the schooling of Antilleans to the méringue compas or kadans music style. Almost all existing Haitian compas bands have toured these Islands that have since adopted the music and the dance of the meringue. These were followed by French Antillean mini-jazz artists like Les Gentlemen, Les Leopards, and Les Vikings de Guadeloupe.
In 1969, Gordon Henderson of Dominica decided that the French Overseas Department of Guadeloupe had everything he needed to begin a career in Creole music. From there, lead singer Gordon Henderson went on to found a kadans fusion band, the Vikings of Guadeloupe – of which Kassav' co-founder Pierre-Eduard Decimus was a member. At some point he felt that he should start his own group and asked a former school friend Fitzroy Williams to recruit a few Dominicans to complete those he had already selected. The group was named Exile One. The band added various Caribbean styles to their musical identity such as reggae, calypso and mostly cadence or compas as the band moved to Guadeloupe. In 1973, Exile One (based on the island of Guadeloupe) initiated a fusion of cadence and calypso "Cadence-lypso" that would later influence the creation of soca music. The Trinidadian Calypso and Haitian kadans or méringue were the two dominants music styles of Dominica so Exile One, that featured calypso, reggae and mostly kadans or compas, called its music Cadence-lypso however, most of the band's repertoire was kadans.
Later in 1975, Lord Shorty of Trinidad visited his good friend Maestro in Dominica where he stayed (at Maestro's house) for a month while they visited and worked with local kadans artists. You had Maestro experimenting with calypso and cadence ("cadence-lypso"). A year later Maestro died in an accident in Dominica and his loss was palpably felt by Shorty, who penned "Higher World" as a tribute. In Dominica, Shorty had attended an Exile One performance of cadence-lypso, and collaborated with Dominica's 1969 Calypso King, Lord Tokyo and two calypso lyricists, Chris Seraphine and Pat Aaron in the early 1970s, who wrote him some kwéyòl lyrics. Soon after Shorty released a song, "Ou Petit", with words like "Ou dee moin ou petit Shorty" (meaning "you told me you are small Shorty"), a combination of calypso, cadence and kwéyòl. Soca's development includes its fusion of calypso, cadence, and Indian musical instruments—particularly the dholak, tabla and dhantal—as demonstrated in Shorty's classic compositions "Ïndrani" and "Shanti Om".
Due to the popularity of Exile One, There was a virtual explosion of kadans bands from Dominica - Grammacks, Liquid Ice, Midnight Groovers, Black Affairs, Black Machine, Mantra, Belles Combo, Milestone, Wafrikai, Black roots, Black Blood, Naked Feet and Mammouth among others. Leading vocalists of the period include Gordon Henderson, Jeff Joseph, Marcel "Chubby" Marc, Anthony Gussie, Mike Moreau, Tony Valmond, Linford John, Bill Thomas, SinkyRabess and Janet Azouz among others. Dominican kadans bands became popular in Martinique, Guadeloupe, Haiti and other islands in the Caribbean and Africa.
The full-horn section kadans band Exile One led by Gordon Henderson was the first to introduce the newly arrived synthesizers to their music that other young cadence or méringue bands from Haiti (mini-jazz) and the French Antilles emulated in the 1970s. Gordon Henderson's Exile One turned the mini-jazz combos into guitar-dominated big bands with a full-horn section and the newly arrived synthesizers, paving the way for the success of large groups like Grammacks, Experience 7, among others. Drawing on these influences, the supergroup Kassav' invented zouk and popularized it in the 1980s.
Kassav' was formed in 1979 by Pierre-Edouard Décimus and Paris studio musician Jacob F. Desvarieux. Together and under the influence of well-known Dominican and Guadeloupean kadans-lypso or compas bands like Experience 7, Grammacks, Exile One and Les Aiglons they decided to make Guadeloupean carnival music recording it in a more fully orchestrated yet modern and polished style. Kassav' created its own style "zouk" by introducing an eleven-piece gwo ka unit and two lead singers, tambour bélé, ti bwa, biguine, cadence-lypso: calypso and mostly Cadence rampa or compas with full use of the MIDI technology. Kassav was the first band in the Caribbean to apply the MIDI technology to their music. In the 1980s they took Caribbean music to another level by recording in the new digital format. The style lost ground in the late 1980s due to the strong presence of cadence or compas, the main music of the French Antilles.
A special style within the zouk is "zouk love", characterized by a slow, soft and sexual rhythm. The inspiration for the zouk love style of rhythmic music comes from the Haitian compas, as well as music called cadence-lypso - Dominica cadence as popularized by Grammacks and Exile One. The lyrics of the songs often speak of love and sentimental problems.
The music kizomba from Angola and cola-zouk or cabo love from Cape Verde are derivatives of this French Antillean compas music style, which sounds basically the same, although there are notable differences once you become more familiar with these genres. A main exponent of this subgenre is Ophelia Marie of Dominica. Other Zouk Love artists come from the French West Indies, the Netherlands, and Africa.
In Brazil, the zouk rhythm is used to dance the Brazilian Lambada. Since adding many new steps and changing the characteristics from Lambada, a new name was given to this dance "Zouk-lambada", with was originally 'zouk Love', later just called 'zouk'. Today, the Brazilian Zouk has changed and thus, the name 'Traditional Zouk' has been given to the dance that was first taught by Adilio and Renata in the beginning of the 90's, which is now didactically used all over the world.
In the late 80's, the WCK or Windward Caribbean Kulture, was formed by a group of highly creative young Dominican musicians. The band heralded in a new and much needed resurgence of live music and created a new wave in Dominicas musical evolution. They began experimenting with a fusion of cadence-lypso, the native lapo kabwit drum rhythms and elements of the music of jing ping bands. This group came together to fill a void left by several of Dominica's most internationally recognized bands such as Exile One and Grammacks. While the Cadence-Lypso sound is based on the creative use of acoustic drums, an aggressive up-tempo guitar beat and strong social commentary in the native Creole language, the new sound created by WCK, focused more on the use of technology with a strong emphasis on keyboard rhythmic patterns.
The band played a blend of the local Cadence-lypso and traditional Jing ping, chanté mas and lapo kabwit rhythms, which would later be labelled "bouyon", a genre which they are credited with creating. Dominican-born Derick "Rah" Peters is considered to be one of the most influential figure in the development of the bouyon genre. Bouyon as popularized largely by the WCK band blends in jing ping, cadence-lypso, and traditional dances namely bèlè, quadrille, chanté mas and lapo kabwit, mazurka, zouk and other styles of caribbean music. From a language perspective, Bouyon draws on English and Kwéyòl.
Bouyon music is popular across the Caribbean, and is known as "bouyon gwada" or jump up music in Guadeloupe and Martinique. A popular offshoot within the bouyon gwada is called "bouyon hardcore", a style characterized by its lewd and violent lyrics. This musical style is characterized by texts "slackness" sexually explicit. It is a form of radicalized bouyon of Dominica. Some call it bouyon gwada (Guadeloupe bouyon) to mark its difference and its themes are often the same.
See also
Paul Gauguin Interpretation Centre
Further reading
Caribbean Currents: Caribbean Music From Rumba to Reggae, by Peter Manuel. Temple University Press, 1995.
Fodor's Caribbean 2004. Fodor's Travel Publications, 2004. |
23579257 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Futamatao%20Station | Futamatao Station | is a passenger railway station located in the city of Ōme, Tokyo, Japan, operated by East Japan Railway Company (JR East).
Lines
Futamatao Station is served by the Ōme Line, and is located 23.6 kilometers from the starting point of the line at Tachikawa Station.
Station layout
This station consists of a single island platform serving two tracks, connected to the station building by a footbridge. The station is unattended.
Platforms
History
The station opened 1 January 1920 as part of the . The Ome Electric Railway was nationalized on 1 April 1944, and absorbed into the Japanese National Railways (JNR). With the privatization of Japanese National Railways (JNR) on 1 April 1987, the station came under the control of JR East.
Passenger statistics
In fiscal 2014, the station was used by an average of 475 passengers daily (boarding passengers only).
Surrounding area
Tama River
Yoshikawa Eiji Memorial Museum
See also
List of railway stations in Japan
References
External links
Railway stations in Tokyo
Ōme Line
Stations of East Japan Railway Company
Railway stations in Japan opened in 1920
Ōme, Tokyo |
44498073 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angry%20Birds%20Stella%20%28TV%20series%29 | Angry Birds Stella (TV series) | Angry Birds Stella is a Finnish computer-animated adventure television series based on the whole all-device mobile game Angry Birds:Slingshot Stella produced by Rovio Entertainment. The first episode, "A Fork in the Friendship", aired on Toons.TV in November 1, 2014. The series ended on March 11, 2016.
in August 2022 A feature Length Animated Sequel with the Same Name that Premiere on Netflix. on November 19, 2022 from November 1-19, 2022, YouTube Reran the Show to promote the film.
Overview
The series recounts the tale of young Stella, along with her friends Luca, a builder; Willow, a creative painter and artist with work of art; Poppy, a crazily loud drummer; and Dahlia, a scientist, a total brain, and an inventor as they struggle to contain Gale, the former friend of Stella, that is the queen of the minion pigs in Golden Island.
Characters
Main characters
Stella, A pink galah – The de facto leader of the flock, Stella is described as adventurous, fierce, friendly, courageous, and bold. Despite being very upset with her former friend Gale for the latter's departure and betrayal in the name of vanity, she still considers Gale a friend.
Dahlia, a brownish long-eared owl – The brains of the whole flock and a smart inventing genius and the oldest, but some of her inventions often backfire.
Luca, A sky blue scrub-jay – The youngest and the only male in the flock. He is very playful and imaginative, and, unlike the others, has little to no ill-will towards Gale after the latter left the flock.
Poppy, A light yellow Cockatiel – Loud and boisterous, Poppy has a fondness for music, but the amount of noise she makes from her percussion often irks her friends instead, as Poppy frequently enjoys herself to the point she is unaware of the racket she makes.
Willow, A dark blue western crowned pigeon with feathers resembling dreadlocks (most of which are concealed underneath her signature striped, floppy hat) – Very shy and insecure, however, she is a very talented artist, specializes in painting portraits and Luca's older sister.
Gale, a dark purple violet-backed starling, also known as the Bad Princess – A selfish and extremely vain bird, formerly one of the flock and was once a close friend of Stella. She left the flock after discovering that, unlike her friends, the pigs were willing to have her as their queen without question and will answer her every whim. Despite leaving the flock, Gale remains highly motivated to keep the attention of her former friends, which often comes into direct conflict with her superiority complex.
Supporting characters
Handsome Pig, a pig with a blond wig who has a crush on Gale
Minion Pigs, TBA
Episodes
Home media
Sony Pictures Home Entertainment is the DVD distributor for the series.
Angry Birds Stella: The Complete 1st Season (December 1, 2015)
Angry Birds Stella: The Complete 2nd Season (March 1, 2016)
References
Angry Birds television series
2014 Finnish television series debuts
2016 Finnish television series endings
2010s Finnish television series
Finnish children's animated adventure television series
Finnish children's animated comedy television series
Finnish children's animated drama television series
Computer-animated television series
KidsClick
Television series by Rovio Entertainment
Animated television series spinoffs
Animated television series about birds
Animated television series without speech |
17340321 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dean%20Richards%20%28rugby%20union%29 | Dean Richards (rugby union) | Dean Richards (born 11 July 1963) is a rugby union coach and former player for Leicester Tigers, and British & Irish Lions. He was most recently the Director of Rugby at Newcastle Falcons, a position he held for ten years between 2012 and 2022.
Richards was a number eight and played 314 games for Leicester Tigers between 1982 and 1997, he was captain as Leicester won the 1994-95 Courage League and the 1997 Pilkington Cup, and also played as Leicester won the inaugural English league title in 1987-88 and the 1993 Pilkington Cup. He played 48 times for between 1986 and 1996, a world record number of caps for his position at the time, including the 1987, 1991 and 1995 Rugby World Cups, and represented the British Lions on their 1989 tour to Australia and 1993 tour to New Zealand playing in six international matches. He was widely regarded as one of the best number eights to have played the game.
In 1998 he retired from playing and was immediately appointed Leicester Director of Rugby. Leicester won the Premiership Rugby title in Richards' first four seasons in charge and also won the Heineken Cup in 2001 and 2002, the first side to retain the trophy. Richards spent one year with FC Grenoble in France's Top 16. He then joined Harlequins from 2005 to 2009, winning the second division in 2006, and leading them to second in the Premiership in 2009. He was banned from coaching for the next three years following the Bloodgate scandal. After the expiration of his ban he was appointed by Newcastle Falcons and won the second division again in 2013.
Playing career
Junior honours and Leicester debut
Richards was schooled at John Cleveland College, in Hinckley, and was capped three times for England Schools in 1981. He played for Roanne in France for a year before returning to England to play for Leicester Tigers.
Richards made his debut for Leicester as an 18 year old on 10 April 1982 in a match against Neath RFC. He began playing regularly for the side the following season, replacing Nick Jackson as Tigers regular number eight Richards started 25 of final 28 games of the 1982–83 season including all five rounds of 1982–83 John Player Cup as Leicester reached the final only to lose to Bristol. He played for the Barbarians in 1983 and was selected the same year for the England's Under-23s tour to Romania.
1983–89: England debut, first Leicester title and Lions
Richards continued in as a regular in Leicester's backrow and was the club's top try scorer with 20 tries in both the 1985–86 season, and 1986–87. He made his senior debut on 1 March 1986, against at Twickenham in the 1986 Five Nations Championship, scoring two tries in a 25–20 points win. Richards played in four matches at the inaugural Rugby World Cup in 1987.
After the 1988 Five Nations Championship match between Scotland and England Richards received a one match ban from the Rugby Football Union after an incident post match which damaged the Calcutta Cup. Richards won the first club silverware of his career when Leicester beat Waterloo to win the 1987–88 Courage League, England's first official league title. Richards was selected alongside three other Leicester players for England's tour of Australia and Fiji. Injuries limited Richards to only 15 appearances for Leicester in 1988–89, though he was able to feature in the losing 1988-89 Pilkington Cup final against Bath, before being selected for the 1989 British Lions tour to Australia. Richards played in all three tests for the Lions and his powerful mauling play was the bedrock of the Lions success.
1989–94: Grandslams, Cup win and Lions tour
On his return from Australia Richards was appointed Leicester captain but injured his shoulder in only the second match of the season, the injury proved so serious he missed the rest of the 1989–90 season. He returned to fitness for the 1990–91 season and resumed the captaincy of Leicester, leading Leicester to fourth in the 1990–91 Courage League. Internationally Richards started all four of England's games in their 1991 Five Nations grandslam, toured Australia and Fiji and was named in England's 1991 World Cup squad. Richards was controversially dropped after a pool stage victory against the as England made the final but lost to . Richards was recalled for England during the 1992 Five Nations Championship, where they won a second successive grandslam.
Due to injury to Martin Johnson, Richards started the 1992–93 season in Leicester's second row, but returned to his accustomed position of number eight by the time of the 1992–93 Pilkington Cup first round match against London Scottish. Richards started all five matches as Tigers won the cup, including scoring tries in both the quarter and semi-final. Despite not being selected for England in the 1993 Five Nations Championship, Richards was picked for the 1993 British Lions tour to New Zealand and started in all three test matches. He also captained the Lions in a non-cap match against Canterbury. After the tour Richards was again appointed Leicester's captain, a position he held until he retired.
1994–97 Club and international success to retirement
Richards only scored one try for Leicester in the 1994–95 season but it was a significant one, on 27 December 1994 he scored his 100th try for the club becoming only the second forward to do so after David Matthews. That season Leicester also went on to win the 1994-95 Courage League, Richards played in the final game of the season and as captained lifted Leicester's second league title at Welford Road.
In international rugby Richards was an ever-present for in their 1995 grandslam, his third. He was selected in England's 1995 World Cup squad, overlooked for the first two group stage matches he was recalled for the final pool game against and played in the quarter final against and the semi final against .
The 1995–96 season was one of near misses for Leicester as they lost the 1995-96 Courage League on the last day of the season with a home defeat to Harlequins and then lost the 1996 Pilkington Cup Final to Bath with a controversial last minute penalty try.
The following season, Richards led Leicester to their first Heineken Cup final against Brive, at Cardiff Arms Park, which was won by Brive by 28 points to nine. Richards made his 300th appearance for Leicester on 25 February 1997 in a match at Welford Road against the Barbarians. The final match in his career was played on 30 December 1997, against Newcastle Falcons, at Welford Road.
Personal life
Richards was a police constable for Leicestershire Constabulary between the 1980s and 1990s before English rugby union became professional.
Coaching career
Leicester
Richards took over from Bob Dwyer as coach of Leicester in 1998, and in his first full season as Director of Rugby won the Allied Dunbar Premiership, the third time in club history. Tigers successfully defended the title for four years in a row under him. Leicester also won two Heineken Cups, defeating Stade Français 34–30 in 2001 and beating Munster 15–9 in 2002. After two trophy-less seasons and a failure to get out of the pool in Europe, Richards left the club in February 2004, ending a 23-year association with the club.
Grenoble
In June 2004, Richards was appointed as coach at French club FC Grenoble for the following season. Grenoble struggled in the French rugby championship and it was announced in May 2005 that Richards would leave the club at the end of the season by mutual consent.
Harlequins
He was appointed Director of Rugby at Harlequins in May 2005 following their relegation from the Zurich Premiership in the 2004–05 season, and led them back to the Premiership at the first attempt, in a season where they lost only one league game.
Bloodgate
Richards resigned from Harlequins in August 2009 after an incident which became known as Bloodgate. He had orchestrated and had "central control" over a fake blood injury to Harlequins player Tom Williams to bring a more experienced replacement kicker onto the field during a Heineken Cup match against Leinster. With the game poised at 6-5 late in the second half, a successful penalty kick would have resulted in a place in the semifinals for Harlequins. Richards was found to have been involved in four similar incidents, and was banned from coaching for three seasons.
Harlequins were fined £259,000, and Williams was banned for four months. Harlequins' physiotherapist Steph Brennan was banned for two years. The doctor involved, Wendy Chapman, who cut the player's lip to try to cover up the incident, was reprimanded by the Medical Council, but escaped a ban.
Newcastle
In spring 2012 Richards was named Director of Rugby at Newcastle Falcons when his ban ended in August and, as he had with Harlequins, led Newcastle to promotion back to the Premiership at the first attempt.
Richards led the Falcons to an 8th-place finish in the 2016-17 Aviva Premiership, with Falcons ending up just 3 points off the top 6. This was their best finish in 11 years, and their biggest number of wins in 15 years.
In May 2022, it was announced that Richards would be stepping down as Director of Rugby at the end of the season but continuing to work as a part-time consultant for the Falcons.
Sources
References
External links
Harlequins profile
sporting-heroes.net – Dean Richards
Lions Profile
1963 births
Living people
English rugby union administrators
English rugby union coaches
English rugby union players
Leicester Tigers players
England international rugby union players
Rugby union controversies
Leicester Tigers coaches
Rugby union players from Nuneaton
British & Irish Lions rugby union players from England |
23579265 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ikusabata%20Station | Ikusabata Station | is a passenger railway station located in the city of Ōme, Tokyo, Japan, operated by the East Japan Railway Company (JR East).
Lines
Ikusabata Station is served by the Ōme Line, located 24.5 kilometers from the terminus of the line at Tachikawa Station.
Station layout
The station has one side platform serving a single bi-directional track. The station is unattended.
Platform
History
The station opened on 1 September 1929. It was nationalized on 1 April 1944. It became part of the East Japan Railway Company (JR East) with the breakup of the Japanese National Railways on 1 April 1987.
Passenger statistics
In fiscal 2010, the station was used by an average of 238 passengers daily (boarding passengers only).
Surrounding area
Tama River
See also
List of railway stations in Japan
References
External links
JR East Station information (JR East)
Railway stations in Tokyo
Ōme Line
Stations of East Japan Railway Company
Railway stations in Japan opened in 1929
Ōme, Tokyo |
23579271 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitake%20Station%20%28Tokyo%29 | Mitake Station (Tokyo) | is a passenger railway station located in the city of Ōme, Tokyo, Japan, operated by the East Japan Railway Company (JR East). It is notable for the distinctive pagoda-style roof on the station building.
Lines
Mitake Station is served by the Ōme Line, located 27.2 kilometers from the terminus of the line at Tachikawa Station.
Station layout
The station has one island platform serving two tracks, connected to the station building by an underground passage. The station is unattended
Platforms
History
The station opened on 1 September 1929. It was nationalized on 1 April 1944. It became part of the East Japan Railway Company (JR East) with the breakup of the Japanese National Railways on 1 April 1987.
Passenger statistics
In fiscal 2014, the station was used by an average of 683 passengers daily (boarding passengers only).
Surrounding area
Mount Mitake (Tokyo)
Tama River
former Ōme Kaidō highway
Bus routes
Toei Bus
梅76 - For Ōme Station (Runs on holidays only)
Nishi Tokyo Bus
Cable shita (Mitake Tozan Railway Takimoto Station is located near this bus stop)
See also
List of railway stations in Japan
References
External links
JR East Station information (JR East)
Railway stations in Tokyo
Ōme Line
Stations of East Japan Railway Company
Railway stations in Japan opened in 1929
Ōme, Tokyo |
6904085 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MV%20Isle%20of%20Lewis | MV Isle of Lewis | MV Isle of Lewis is a British ro-ro ferry, owned by Caledonian Maritime Assets, and operated by Caledonian MacBrayne between Oban and Castlebay, Barra. Built in 1995, she remains one of only two ships in the CalMac fleet over in length; the other, , being longer by almost 15 metres.
Originally built to operate between Ullapool and Stornoway, Isle of Lewis rarely deviated from that route for 20 years. Since March 2016, she has served the Isle of Barra all year round from Oban. The only other routes operated by CalMac she has ever worked on is the triangle between Uig, Lochmaddy & Tarbert and between Oban and Craignure, but only ever in an emergency situation.
History
Isle of Lewis was built by Ferguson Shipbuilders in Port Glasgow on the River Clyde and entered service in July 1995. When constructed she was largest ship ever built by Ferguson's. Her crossing time of around 2 hours and 45 minutes improved upon that of her predecessor, , by at least 45 minutes.
With increasing traffic on the crossing, there was speculation that Isle of Lewis might be replaced by a larger vessel. In September 2013 the freight vessel was chartered to relieve pressure on the route. On 10 June 2012, it was announced that a new £42 million replacement ferry was to be built in Germany. The new 116 metre long ROPAX ferry was named and is capable of continuous operation, with a capacity for up to 700 passengers, and 143 cars or 20 commercial vehicles. Loch Seaforth entered service in mid-February 2015 and took over both passenger and freight duties on the route. Since moving to the Barra service in March 2016, Isle of Lewis has been relegated to the role of Stornoway relief ship each October when Loch Seaforth departs for overhaul, with a second relief ship taking care of overnight freight traffic, owing to Isle of Lewis''' inability to carry certain hazardous cargo due to her fully enclosed and sealed car deck.
In June 2015, to assess her future deployment, Isle of Lewis undertook a tour of major terminals for berthing trials, with varied results. She called at Lochmaddy, Castlebay, Oban, Craignure, Brodick, Ardrossan, Troon, Campbeltown, and Tarbert between 4 and 9 June. No immediate decision was announced. Major work would be required to offset her stern ramp to starboard instead of to port, for her to operate on routes including Mull and Arran. Such adjustments would not prevent her returning to Stornoway for relief work, as both Stornoway and Ullapool harbours now have full-width linkspans.
In September 2015, it was announced that the Isle of Lewis was to become the Oban–Castlebay vessel from the following summer, thus allowing to commence daily return sailings between Lochboisdale and Mallaig.Isle of Lewis was on duty at Oban and Castlebay in 2017 when she undertook a series of special sailings between 4 and 6 June to transport those travelling to attend the funeral of Eilidh MacLeod, a Barra schoolgirl who died in the Manchester Arena bombing. As a mark of respect, the Isle of Lewis was shown with her CalMac pennant, along with the Barra flag, at half mast.
A history of the Isle of Lewis by Mark Nicolson was published by The Islands Book Trust on 31 July 2016, in time for the 21st anniversary of the vessel's inauguration in 1995.
LayoutIsle of Lewis is a further development of and ' design with a fully enclosed car deck. The car deck is accessed by bow and stern ramps, the latter being offset from the centre of the ship to accommodate the linkspan in Ullapool. The bow ramp is a folding design that is watertight and further protected by a conventional upward hinging bow visor. The bow ramp was originally off-set to suit Stornoway's original linkspan until new facilities opened in April 1997. During an overhaul at Greenock in 2016, the bow ramp was changed to be off-set to port in order to prepare her for her new role as the summer Barra ferry, to make berthing in Oban easier.
There are three lanes to port and two to starboard of the central casing. A hydraulically operated mezzanine deck along each side can be raised or lowered according to traffic requirements. Two stairways from the car deck bring passengers out in the entrance square on deck 4, where the passenger gangways enter.
The entrance square houses the information desk and gift shop. Forward is a large cafeteria overlooking the bow and occupying the full width of the ship. Aft are a designated dog area and a truckers' quiet lounge, with the reclining lounge and bar at the stern. Deck 5 houses the observation lounge at the bow, crew accommodation further aft and an open promenade deck stretching down both sides of the ship. Four stairways lead up to the open top deck, where seating is available.
The upper works of the ship are completed with two raked funnels in red and black company colours and two buff coloured masts. The smaller mast is on top of the wheelhouse and carries the twin radar scanners and radio antennae, while the larger mast is mounted aft on the promenade deck, carrying antennae and the house flag. During the winter refit in 2009, the funnels were fitted with angled exhaust extensions on the funnel tops to direct engine exhaust away from the decks. They were later removed during her 2019 overhaul. The ship carries a fast rescue craft and two large motor-driven lifeboats, one to port and one to starboard, with a set of automatically deploying inflatable life rafts. The two large lifeboats were replaced in 2019 with new inflatable life rafts.
ServiceIsle of Lewis spent the first twenty years of her career sailing back and forth between Ullapool and Stornoway. Until April 2015, she had hardly sailed on any other route, and has endured some treacherous seas crossing The Minch, some of the most exposed waters around the British Isles. Tidal constraints from her 4.2 metre draught make her unsuitable for full-time use on other routes. Her ramps not being suitable for many of the linkspans around the CalMac network further reduces her versatility.
Over the years, Isle of Lewis has called at other stations for a variety of purposes. During her initial delivery voyage in July 1995, she called at Ardrossan to collect supplies and be formally handed over to her new owners, and then called at Uig, Lochmaddy & Tarbert for berthing trials to assess her suitability on the 'Uig Triangle' should an emergency arise there, and making her debut calls at Ullapool and Stornoway a few hours later.
Two calls at Lochmaddy followed in April & May 1998, under charter to transport Ministry of Defence traffic to and from North Uist. However, Isle of Lewis suffered a major breakdown at Lochmaddy on the first charter, requiring repairs lasting roughly four weeks and being replaced at Stornoway by the smaller Isle of Mull. On 28 November 1998, whilst returning from an overhaul at North Shields, Isle of Lewis called at Stromness, Orkney for the purpose of 'showing the flag' to demonstrate CalMac's keen bid for the Northern Isles ferry services instead of the then-incumbent P&O Scottish Ferries.
Further calls on the 'Uig Triangle' by Isle of Lewis in 2008 and 2015. Firstly, in November 2008, a call was made at Uig to uplift stranded freight traffic whilst Ullapool's linkspan was closed for maintenance. On 3 April 2015, Isle of Lewis made her first commercial sailing on a route other than between Stornoway and Ullapool, when she carried out a special sailing from Uig to Lochmaddy for the benefit of extra Easter traffic travelling to North Uist. Further extra sailings - helped by the demotion of Isle of Lewis to the status as a back up vessel following her displacement by the new Loch Seaforth - followed. Isle of Lewis sailed between Tarbert and Lochmaddy on two consecutive evenings in June 2015. When Hebrides broke down in July 2015, Isle of Lewis relieved her on the full service between Uig, Lochmaddy and Tarbert for two days.
Around the time that strike action by the RMT union took in June 2015, Isle of Lewis was drafted in to assist at Oban, and was to make her first sailings between Oban and Castlebay. This included a unique 0046 departure from Oban to Barra, on the same day as the annual Barrathon was taking place. Following redeployments due to the separate breakdowns of Finlaggan & Lord of the Isles in August 2015, Isle of Lewis again took over the Oban to Castlebay services, sailing direct, and omitting Lochboisdale due to her being far too large and deep to use the South Uist facilities.
In early 2016, Isle of Lewis relieved on the Scrabster - Stromness route for NorthLink whilst sailed for her refit. This was a reciprocal arrangement after provided cover at Stornoway during the dry-docking of Loch Seaforth.
In March 2016, Isle of Lewis began a new phase of her life, serving Oban and Castlebay on Barra year-round, which allowed to commence a daily return service between Lochboisdale and Mallaig, thus ending South Uist's direct link to Oban. With Isle of Lewis deployment there, the Isle of Barra receives a daily dedicated service. These summer arrangements, announced by Transport Scotland, are likely to be a stop-gap until the new is commissioned at Arran, and Hull 802 is commissioned on the Uig-Lochmaddy/Tarbert services. On her first official day on the Barra service, 25 March 2016, Isle of Lewis completed all of her sailings in spite of an amber alert of adverse weather and swell conditions.Isle of Lewis'' returned to the Stornoway - Ullapool service in April and May 2021, while was undergoing repairs to the port engine. This left to combine the Lochboisdale and Castlebay services.
References
External links
MV Isle of Lewis on www.calmac.co.uk
Caledonian MacBrayne
Ships built on the River Clyde
1995 ships |
44498076 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1985%20in%20Taiwan | 1985 in Taiwan | Events from the year 1985 in Taiwan, Republic of China. This year is numbered Minguo 74 according to the official Republic of China calendar.
Incumbents
President – Chiang Ching-kuo
Vice President – Lee Teng-hui
Premier – Yu Kuo-hwa
Vice Premier – Lin Yang-kang
Events
January
5 January – The establishment of Institute of Transportation.
February
9 February – the total amount of loans made by the Taipei 10th Credit Corporation(臺北十信) accounted for 102% of the total deposits. In order to protect the legitimate rights and interests of depositors, the Ministry of Finance ordered the cooperative to suspend business for three days, and temporarily took over the cooperation from the Taiwan Provincial Cooperative, strictly inspecting and rectifying the situation.
August
1 August – The opening of Minghu Dam in Nantou County.
27 August – The inauguration of Keelung City Cultural Center in Keelung.
October
19 October – The start of the construction to expand Yunlin Prison in Huwei Township, Yunlin County.
25 October – The opening of Zhongli Arts Hall in Taoyuan County (now Taoyuan City).
December
31 December – The inauguration of Taipei World Trade Center in Xinyi District, Taipei.
Births
8 January – Chan Chin-wei, tennis athlete
10 January – Ko Chia-yen, actress
15 January – Hush, singer
22 January – Chen Cho-yi, swimmer
26 January – Allison Lin, actress
28 February – Lee Tai-lin, football athlete
18 March – Chen Hui-shan, football goalkeeper
6 April – Lu Ying-chi, weightlifting athlete
11 May – Tia Lee, singer, actress and model
20 June – Cheng Chi-hung, baseball player
2 July – Renée Chen, singer and songwriter
15 July – Crowd Lu, singer-songwriter and actor
18 September – Amber An, model, singer and actress
5 November – Ma Chih-hung, luge athlete
20 November – Aaron Yan, model, actor and singer
25 December – Chang Han, football athlete
Deaths
12 March – Yang Kui, former writer.
26 August – Chang Chi-yun, Minister of Education (1954–1958).
2 September – Yu Ching-tang, Vice Premier (1963–1966).
References
Years of the 20th century in Taiwan |
23579277 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C8H18O | C8H18O | {{DISPLAYTITLE:C8H18O}}
The molecular formula C8H18O may refer to:
Di-tert-butyl ether
Dibutyl ether
2-Ethylhexanol
Octanols
1-Octanol
2-Octanol
3-Octanol
4-Octanol
3,5-dimethylhexan-3-ol
2,3,4-trimetilpentan-2-ol |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.