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23580469
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cope%20%28Freeland%20album%29
Cope (Freeland album)
Cope (stylized as COPE™) is the second album by English DJ and record producer Adam Freeland, credited only by his surname. It was released on 8 June 2009 by Marine Parade Records. Freeland worked with Alex Metric and collaborated with artists, such as Kurt Baumann, Brody Dalle, Gerald Casale, John Ceparano and Kim Field, who contributed vocals to songs on the album. Track listing References External links [ COPE™] at AllMusic 2009 albums
20474046
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louisville%20Colonels%20all-time%20roster
Louisville Colonels all-time roster
The following is a list of players and who appeared in at least one game for the Louisville Colonels franchise of Major League Baseball from through . This includes the Louisville Eclipse of the American Association, as well as the Colonels of both the AA and the National League. Players in bold are in the Baseball Hall of Fame. A Nick Altrock Bill Anderson Wally Andrews B Norm Baker Charley Bassett Burley Bayer Ollie Beard Charlie Bell Ned Bligh Charlie Bohn George Boone Amos Booth George Borchers Eddie Boyle Kitty Brashear Grant Briggs Dan Brouthers Lew Brown Tom Brown William Brown Pete Browning Hercules Burnett Dick Butler C Tom Cahill Scoops Carey Fred Carl Pete Cassidy Elton Chamberlain Bill Childers Bob Clark Win Clark Dad Clarke Fred Clarke Josh Clarke Fritz Clausen Monk Cline Billy Clingman Hub Collins Jimmy Collins John Connor Paul Cook Henry Cote Harry Croft Jack Crooks Amos Cross Joe Cross Lave Cross Joe Crotty Billy Crowell Bert Cunningham D Ed Daily Jack Darragh Harry Davis Ren Deagle George Decker Tom Delahanty Jerry Denny Charlie Dexter Buttercup Dickerson Joe Dolan Patsy Donovan Harry Dooms John Doran Pete Dowling Tom Dowse Denny Driscoll Sam Dungan John Dyler E Billy Earle Henry Easterday Red Ehret Bones Ely Charlie Emig Dude Esterbrook Frank Eustace Roy Evans John Ewing F Clay Fauver Charles Fisher Warren Fitzgerald Pat Flaherty Patsy Flaherty Ed Flanagan Paddy Fox Chick Fraser Frank Freund Eddie Fusselback G John Galligan Mike Gaule Billy Geer Joe Gerhardt Tom Gettinger Pete Gilbert Jack Glasscock Bill Gleason Jack Gleason Herb Goodall John Grim Billy Gumbert H Irv Hach Charlie Hamburg Jerry Harrington Topsy Hartsel Bill Hassamaer Gil Hatfield John Healy Guy Hecker Jack Heinzman George Hemming Ducky Hemp Art Herman Bill Hill Ducky Holmes Dummy Hoy Rudy Hulswitt Bill Hunter I Bert Inks John Irwin J Hughie Jennings Abbie Johnson Alex Jones Jim Jones Mike Jones Ri Jones K Mike Kelley Bill Kemmer Ted Kennedy John Kerins Fred Ketcham Matt Kilroy Tom Kinslow Malachi Kittridge Bill Kling Phil Knell Joe Kostal Charlie Krehmeyer Bill Kuehne L Fred Lake Bob Langsford Sam LaRocque Juice Latham Tacks Latimer Tommy Leach Jack Leary Thomas Long Jim Long Pat Luby Con Lucid Henry Luff Luke Lutenberg M Denny Mack Reddy Mack Bill Magee Lou Mahaffey Frank Martin Harry Maskrey Leech Maskrey Al Mays Harry McCaffery Barry McCormick Tom McCreery Mike H. McDermott Mike J. McDermott Alex McFarlan Dan McFarlan Herm McFarland Ambrose McGann Tom McLaughlin George Meakim Jouett Meekin Jock Menefee Ed Merrill Bill Merritt Tom Messitt Bert Miller Doggie Miller Joe Miller Dan Minnehan Tom Morrison Tony Mullane Clarence Murphy Miah Murray N Kid Nance Joe Neale George Nicol O John O'Brien Dan O'Connor Tim O'Rourke P Harrison Peppers Pat Pettee Fred Pfeffer Dan Phelan Deacon Phillippe Ollie Pickering Gracie Pierce George Pinkney Doc Powers Walt Preston Walter Prince Q R Toad Ramsey Harry Raymond John Reccius Phil Reccius Nick Reeder Billy Rhines Danny Richardson John Richter Claude Ritchey Jim Rogers Chief Roseman Bill Rotes Jack Ryan S Ben Sanders Jimmy Say Al Schellhase Bill Schenck Harry Scherer Ossee Schreckengost Emmett Seery Dan Shannon Frank Shannon Tim Shinnick Frank Shugart Harry Smith Heinie Smith Ollie Smith Pop Smith Skyrocket Smith Tom Smith Cooney Snyder Harry Spies Ed Springer General Stafford Farmer Steelman Len Stockwell Tom Stouch Sammy Strang Scott Stratton Joe Strauss Charles Strick Dan Sullivan Sleeper Sullivan Tom Sullivan Dan Sweeney Pete Sweeney Lou Sylvester T Billy Taylor Harry Taylor Tom Terrell Frank Todd Phil Tomney John Traffley George Treadway Mike Trost Larry Twitchell U V Farmer Vaughn Peek-A-Boo Veach Lee Viau W Rube Waddell Jack Wadsworth Honus Wagner John Warner Farmer Weaver Sam Weaver Pete Weckbecker Curt Welch Tub Welch Jack Wentz Perry Werden Joe Werrick Gus Weyhing Lew Whistler Bill White Ed Whiting Bill Whitrock Harry Wilhelm Dave Wills Bill Wilson George Winkleman Jimmy Wolf Walt Woods Joe Wright Y Z Fred Zahner Chief Zimmer External links Baseball Reference Major League Baseball all-time rosters Louisville Colonels, Roster
23580472
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TriMob
TriMob
TriMob LLC () d/b/a 3Mob, formerly Utel () is a telecommunications company in Ukraine. It is a subsidiary of Ukrtelecom, formerly government-owned fixed phone operator. Utel launched Ukraine's first commercial 3G cellular network based on the UMTS/HSDPA standard on November 1, 2007. Until 2015 3Mob was the only network in Ukraine that provided UMTS 2100 service (other providers provided data services on EDGE and CDMA technology). It's 3G coverage exists only in Kyiv, free 2G/3G roaming is available in Vodafone-Ukraine network. References External links Official site Mobile phone companies of Ukraine Companies based in Kyiv
23580474
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parasuram%20%282003%20film%29
Parasuram (2003 film)
Parasuram is a 2003 Indian Tamil-language action film written and directed by Arjun. It stars himself, Abbas, Goundamani, Kiran Rathod, Gayathri Raguram, and Rahul Dev in lead roles. The music was composed by A. R. Rahman. Plot The case is entrusted to Assistant Police Commissioner Parasuram (Arjun), a patriotic officer tough as a nail. His love is Anjali (Kiran Rathod), who has nothing much to do in the narrative. The bad guy is Akash (Rahul Dev), who sends misguided youths to Pakistan for training and brings them back to subvert our peaceful state. Akash's identity is a secret, while Shiva (Abbas) pops in as Naghulan's (Shyam Ganesh) brother and gives a speech against terrorism. Meena (Gayathri Raguram) is a petty thief who has a soft corner on our macho officer. The rest of the story is all about how Parasuram nails the bad guys with excessive blood spewing. Cast Arjun as ACP Parasuram IPS Abbas as Shiva Kiran Rathod as Anjali Gayathri Raguram as Meena Goundamani as Sub-Inspector Thangaraj Rahul Dev as Akash / Sankaran Kutty Rajesh as Director General of Police Shyam Ganesh as Naghulan, Shiva's elder brother Venniradai Moorthy as Anjali's father Vaiyapuri as Anjali's uncle Ramji as Master Mansoor Ali Khan as Home Minister Vishwanathan Rajyalakshmi as ACP Parasuram's mother Charuhasan as Judge Vinu Chakravarthy as Kader Mohammed Indhu as Indira Baburaj Production The film was initially launched under the title Ashoka with Shaji Kailas as director and Samyuktha Varma as the lead actress alongside Arjun. Later he was Shaji opted out from the film due to creative differences, with Arjun himself taking the reins of directorial. Soundtrack The songs were composed by A.R. Rahman. The background score was composed by Rahman's assistant Pravin Mani. The soundtrack is regarded as average by Rahman's standard. Reception Sify.com, called this movie as "pathetic". References External links 2003 films 2000s Tamil-language films Films directed by Arjun Sarja Indian action films Films about terrorism in India Fictional portrayals of the Tamil Nadu Police Films scored by A. R. Rahman
20474050
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20massacres%20in%20Peru
List of massacres in Peru
The following is a list of massacres that have occurred in Peru (numbers may be approximate): References Peru Massacres Internal conflict in Peru Massacres
6905345
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenhouse%20gas%20inventory
Greenhouse gas inventory
Greenhouse gas inventories are emission inventories of greenhouse gas emissions that are developed for a variety of reasons. Scientists use inventories of natural and anthropogenic (human-caused) emissions as tools when developing atmospheric models. Policy makers use inventories to develop strategies and policies for emissions reductions and to track the progress of those policies. Regulatory agencies and corporations also rely on inventories to establish compliance records with allowable emission rates. Businesses, the public, and other interest groups use inventories to better understand the sources and trends in emissions. Unlike some other air emission inventories, greenhouse gas inventories include not only emissions from source categories, but also removals by carbon sinks. These removals are typically referred to as carbon sequestration. Greenhouse gas inventories typically use Global warming potential (GWP) values to combine emissions of various greenhouse gases into a single weighted value of emissions. Some of the key examples of greenhouse gas inventories include: All Annex I countries are required to report annual emissions and sinks of greenhouse gases under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) National governments that are Parties to the UNFCCC and/or the Kyoto Protocol are required to submit annual inventories of all anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions from sources and removals from sinks. The Kyoto Protocol includes additional requirements for national inventory systems, inventory reporting, and annual inventory review for determining compliance with Articles 5 and 8 of the Protocol. Project developers under the Clean Development Mechanism of the Kyoto Protocol prepare inventories as part of their project baselines. Scientific efforts aimed at understanding detail of total net carbon exchange. Example: Project Vulcan - a comprehensive US inventory of fossil-fuel greenhouse gas emissions. ISO 14064 The ISO 14064 standards (published in 2006 and early 2007) are the most recent additions to the ISO 14000 series of international standards for environmental management. The ISO 14064 standards provide governments, businesses, regions and other organisations with an integrated set of tools for programs aimed at measuring, quantifying and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. These standards allow organisations take part in emissions trading schemes using a globally recognised standard. Local Government Operations Protocol The Local Government Operations Protocol (LGOP) is a tool for accounting and reporting greenhouse gas emissions across a local government's operations. Adopted by the California Air Resources Board (ARB) in September 2008 for local governments to develop and report consistent GHG inventories to help meet California's AB 32 GHG reduction obligations, it was developed in partnership with California Climate Action Registry, The Climate Registry, ICLEI and dozens of stakeholders. The California Sustainability Alliance also created the Local Government Operations Protocol Toolkit, which breaks down the complexities of the LGOP manual and provides an area by area summary of the recommended inventory protocols. Know IPCC Format for GHG Emissions Inventory The data in the GHG emissions inventory is presented using the IPCC format (seven sectors presented using the Common Reporting Format, or CRF) as is all communication between Member States and the Secretariat of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and the Kyoto Protocol. Greenhouse gas emissions accounting Greenhouse gas emissions accounting is measuring the amount of greenhouse gases (GHG) emitted during a given period of time by a polity, usually a country but sometimes a region or city. Such measures are used to conduct climate science and climate policy. There are two main, conflicting ways of measuring GHG emissions: production-based (also known as territorial-based) and consumption-based. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change defines production-based emissions as taking place “within national territory and offshore areas over which the country has jurisdiction”. Consumption-based emissions take into account the effects of trade, encompassing the emissions from domestic final consumption and those caused by the production of its imports. From the perspective of trade, consumption-based emissions accounting is thus the reverse of production-based emissions accounting, which includes exports but excludes imports (Table 1). The choice of accounting method can have very important effects on policymaking, as each measure can generate a very different result. Thus, different values for a National greenhouse gas Emissions Inventory (NEI) could result in a country choosing different optimal mitigation activities, the wrong choice based on wrong information being potentially damaging. The application of production-based emissions accounting is currently favoured in policy terms as it is easier to measure, although much of the scientific literature favours consumption-based accounting. The former method is criticised in the literature principally for its inability to allocate emissions embodied in international trade/transportation and the potential for carbon leakage. Almost all countries in the world are parties to the Paris Agreement, which requires them to provide regular production-based GHG emissions inventories to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), in order to track both countries achievement of their nationally determined contributions and climate policies as well as regional climate policies such as the EU Emissions Trading Scheme (ETS), and the world's progress in limiting global warming. Under an earlier UNFCCC agreement greenhouse gas emissions by Turkey will continue to be inventoried even if it is not party to the Paris Agreement. Rationale It is now overwhelmingly accepted that the release of GHG, predominantly from the anthropogenic burning of fossil fuels and the release of direct emissions from agricultural activities, is accelerating the growth of these gases in the atmosphere resulting in climate change. Over the last few decades emissions have grown at an increasing rate from 1.0% yr−1 throughout the 1990s to 3.4% yr−1 between 2000 and 2008. These increases have been driven not only by a growing global population and per-capita GDP, but also by global increases in the energy intensity of GDP (energy per unit GDP) and the carbon intensity of energy (emissions per unit energy). These drivers are most apparent in developing markets (Kyoto non-Annex B countries), but what is less apparent is that a substantial fraction of the growth in these countries is to satisfy the demand of consumers in developed countries (Kyoto Annex B countries). This is exaggerated by a process known as Carbon Leakage whereby Annex B countries decrease domestic production in place of increased importation of products from non-Annex B countries where emission policies are less strict. Although this may seem the rational choice for consumers when considering local pollutants, consumers are inescapably affected by global pollutants such as GHG, irrespective of where production occurs. Although emissions have slowed since 2007 as a result of the global financial crisis, the longer-term trend of increased emissions is likely to resume. Today, much international effort is put into slowing the anthropogenic release of GHG and resulting climate change. In order to set benchmarks and emissions targets for - as well as monitor and evaluate the progress of - international and regional policies, the accurate measurement of each country's NEI becomes imperative. Measuring GHG emissions There are two main, conflicting ways of measuring GHG emissions: production-based (also known as territorial-based) and consumption-based. Production-based accounting As production-based emissions accounting is currently favoured in policy terms, its methodology is well established. Emissions are calculated not directly but indirectly from fossil fuel usage and other relevant processes such as industry and agriculture according to 2006 guidelines issued by the IPCC for GHG reporting. The guidelines span numerous methodologies dependent on the level of sophistication (Tiers 1–3 in Table 2). The simplest methodology combines the extent of human activity with a coefficient quantifying the emissions from that activity, known as an ‘emission factor’. For example, to estimate emissions from the energy sector (typically contributing over 90% of emissions and 75% of all GHG emissions in developed countries) the quantity of fuels combusted is combined with an emission factor - the level of sophistication increasing with the accuracy and complexity of the emission factor. Table 2 outlines how the UK implements these guidelines to estimate some of its emissions-producing activities. Consumption-based accounting Consumption-based emissions accounting has an equally established methodology using Input-Output Tables. These "display the interconnection between different sectors of production and allow for a tracing of the production and consumption in an economy" and were originally created for national economies. However, as production has become increasingly international and the import/export market between nations has flourished, Multi-Regional Input-Output (MRIO) models have been developed. The unique feature of MRIO is allowing a product to be traced across its production cycle, "quantifying the contributions to the value of the product from different economic sectors in various countries represented in the model. It hence offers a description of the global supply chains of products consumed". From this, assuming regional- and industry-specific data for CO2 emissions per unit of output are available, the total amount of emissions for the product can be calculated, and therefore the amount of emissions the final consumer is allocated responsibility for. The two methodologies of emissions accounting begin to expose their key differences. Production-based accounting is transparently consistent with GDP, whereas consumption-based accounting (more complex and uncertain) is consistent with national consumption and trade. However, the most important difference is that the latter covers global emissions - including those ‘embodied’ emissions that are omitted in production-based accounting - and offers globally based mitigation options. Thus the attribution of emissions embodied in international trade is the crux of the matter. Emissions embodied in international trade Figure 1 and Table 3 show extent of emissions embodied in international trade and thus their importance when attempting emissions reductions. Figure 1 shows the international trade flows of the top 10 countries with largest trade fluxes in 2004 and illustrates the dominance of trade from developing countries (principally China, Russia and India) to developed countries (principally USA, EU and Japan). Table 3 supports this showing that the traded emissions in 2008 total 7.8 gigatonnes (Gt) with a net CO2 emissions trade from developing to developed countries of 1.6 Gt. Table 3 also shows how these processes of production, consumption and trade have changed from 1990 (commonly chosen for baseline levels) to 2008. Global emissions have risen 39%, but in the same period developed countries seem to have stabilized their domestic emissions, whereas developing countries’ domestic emissions have doubled. This ‘stabilization’ is arguably misleading, however, if the increased trade from developing to developed countries is considered. This has increased from 0.4 Gt CO2 to 1.6 Gt CO2 - a 17%/year average growth meaning 16 Gt CO2 have been traded from developing to developed countries between 1990 and 2008. Assuming a proportion of the increased production in developing countries is to fulfil the consumption demands of developed countries, the process known as carbon leakage becomes evident. Thus, including international trade (i.e. the methodology of consumption-based accounting) reverses the apparent decreasing trend in emissions in developed countries, changing a 2% decrease (as calculated by production-based accounting) into a 7% increase across the time period. This point is only further emphasized when these trends are studied at a less aggregated scale. Figure 2 shows the percentage surplus of emissions as calculated by production-based accounting over consumption-based accounting. In general, production-based accounting proposes lower emissions for the EU and OECD countries (developed countries) and higher emissions for BRIC and RoW (developing countries). However, consumption-based accounting proposes the reverse with lower emissions in BRIC and RoW, and higher emissions in EU and OECD countries. This led Boitier to term EU and OECD ‘CO2 consumers’ and BRIC and RoW ‘CO2 producers’. The large difference in these results is corroborated by further analysis. The EU-27 in 1994 counted emissions using the consumption-based approach at 11% higher than those counted using the production-based approach, this difference rising to 24% in 2008. Similarly OECD countries reached a peak variance of 16% in 2006 whilst dropping to 14% in 2008. In contrast, although RoW starts and ends relatively equal, in the intervening years it is a clear CO2 producer, as are BRIC with an average consumption-based emissions deficit of 18.5% compared to production-based emissions. Peters and Hertwich completed a MRIO study to calculate emissions embodied in international trade using data from the 2001 Global Trade Analysis Program (GTAP). After manipulation, although their numbers are slightly more conservative (EU 14%; OECD 3%; BRIC 16%; RoW 6%) than Boitier the same trend is evident - developed countries are CO2 consumers and developing countries are CO2 producers. This trend is seen across the literature and supporting the use of consumption-based emissions accounting in policy-making decisions. Advantages and disadvantages of consumption-based accounting Advantages Consumption-based emissions accounting may be deemed superior as it incorporates embodied emissions currently ignored by the UNFCCC preferred production-based accounting. Other key advantages include: extending mitigation options, covering more global emissions through increased participation, and inherently encompassing policies such as the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM). Extending mitigation options Under the production-based system a country is punished for having a pollution intensive resource base. If this country has pollution intensive exports, such as Norway where 69% of its CO2 emissions are the result of production for export, a simple way to meet its emissions reductions set out under Kyoto would be to reduce its exports. Although this would be environmentally advantageous, it would be economically and politically harmful as exports are an important part of a country's GDP. However, by having appropriate mechanisms in place, such as a harmonized global tax, border-tax adjustment or quotas, a consumption-based accounting system could shift the comparative advantage towards a decision that includes environmental factors. The tax most discussed is based on the carbon content of the fossil fuels used to produce and transport the product, the greater the level of carbon used the more tax being charged. If a country did not voluntarily participate then a border tax could be imposed on them. This system would have the effect of embedding the cost of environmental load in the price of the product and therefore market forces would shift production to where it is economically and environmentally preferable, thus reducing GHG emissions Increasing participation In addition to reducing emissions directly this system may also alleviate competitiveness concerns in twofold ways: firstly, domestic and foreign producers are exposed to the same carbon tax; and secondly, if multiple countries are competing for the same export market they can promote environmental performance as a marketing tool. A loss of competitiveness resulting from the absence of legally binding commitments for non-Annex B countries was the principal reason the US and Australia, two heavily emitting countries, did not originally ratify the Kyoto protocol (Australia later ratified in 2007). By alleviating such concerns more countries may participate in future climate policies resulting in a greater percentage of global emissions being covered by legally binding reduction policies. Furthermore, as developed countries are currently expected to reduce their emissions more than developing countries, the more emissions are (fairly) attributed to developed countries the more they become covered by legally bound reduction policies. Peters argues that this last prediction means that consumption-based accounting would advantageously result in greater emissions reductions irrespective of increased participation. Encompassing policies such as the CDM The CDM is a flexible mechanism set up under the Kyoto Protocol with the aim of creating ‘Carbon Credits’ for trade in trading schemes such as the EU ETS. Despite coming under heavy criticism (see Evans, p134-135; and Burniaux et al., p58-65), the theory is that as the marginal cost of environmental abatement is lower in non-Annex B countries a scheme like this will promote technology transfer from Annex B to non-Annex B countries resulting in cheaper emissions reductions. Because under consumption-based emissions accounting a country is responsible for the emissions caused by its imports, it is important for the importing country to encourage good environmental behaviour and promote the cleanest production technologies available in the exporting country. Therefore, unlike the Kyoto Protocol where the CDM was added later, consumption-based emissions accounting inherently promotes clean development in the foreign country because of the way it allocates emissions. One loophole that remains relevant is carbon colonialism whereby developed countries do not mitigate the underlying problem but simply continue to increase consumption offsetting this by exploiting the abatement potential of developing countries. Disadvantages and implementation Despite its advantages consumption-based emissions accounting is not without its drawbacks. These were highlighted above and in Table 1 and are principally: greater uncertainty, greater complexity requiring more data not always available, and requiring greater international collaboration. Greater uncertainty and complexity Uncertainty derives from three main reasons: production-based accounting is much closer to statistical sources and GDP which are more assured; the methodology behind consumption-based accounting requires an extra step over production-based accounting, this step inherently incurring further doubt; and consumption-based accounting includes data from all trading partners of a particular country which will contain different levels of accuracy. The bulk of data required is its second pitfall as in some countries the lack of data means consumption-based accounting is not possible. However, it must be noted levels and accuracy of data will improve as more and better techniques are developed and the scientific community produce more data sets - examples including the recently launched global databases: EORA from the University of Sydney, EXIOPOL and WIOD databases from European consortia, and the Asian IDE-JETRO. In the short term it will be important to attempt to quantify the level of uncertainty more accurately. Greater international co-operation The third problem is that consumption-based accounting requires greater international collaboration to deliver effective results. A Government has the authority to implement policies only over emissions it directly generates. In consumption-based accounting emissions from different geo-political territories are allocated to the importing country. Although the importing country can indirectly oppose this by changing its importing habits or by applying a border tax as discussed, only by greater international collaboration, through an international dialogue such as the UNFCCC, can direct and meaningful emissions reductions be enforced. Sharing emissions responsibility Thus far it has been implied that one must implement either production-based accounting or consumption-based accounting. However, there are arguments that the answer lies somewhere in the middle i.e. emissions should be shared between the importing and exporting countries. This approach asserts that although it is the final consumer that ultimately initiates the production, the activities that create the product and associated pollution also contribute to the producing country's GDP. This topic is still developing in the literature principally through works by Rodrigues et al., Lenzen et al., Marques et al. as well as through empirical studies by such as Andrew and Forgie. Crucially it proposes that at each stage of the supply chain the emissions are shared by some pre-defined criteria between the different actors involved. Whilst this approach of sharing emissions responsibility seems advantageous, the controversy arises over what these pre-defined criteria should be. Two of the current front runners are Lenzen et al. who say “the share of responsibility allocated to each agent should be proportional to its value added” and Rodrigues et al. who say it should be based on “the average between an agent's consumption-based responsibility and income-based responsibility” (quoted in Marques et al.). As no criteria set has been adequately developed and further work is needed to produce a finished methodology for a potentially valuable concept. The future Measures of regions' GHG emissions are critical to climate policy. It is clear that production-based emissions accounting, the currently favoured method for policy-making, significantly underestimates the level of GHG emitted by excluding emissions embodied in international trade. Implementing consumption-based accounting which includes such emissions, developed countries take a greater share of GHG emissions and consequently the low level of emissions commitments for developing countries are not as important. Not only does consumption-based accounting encompass global emissions, it promotes good environmental behaviour and increases participation by reducing competitiveness. Despite these advantages the shift from production-based to consumption-based accounting arguably represents a shift from one extreme to another. The third option of sharing responsibility between importing and exporting countries represents a compromise between the two systems. However, as yet no adequately developed methodology exists for this third way, so further study is required before it can be implemented for policy-making decisions. Today, given its lower uncertainty, established methodology and reporting, consistency between political and environmental boundaries, and widespread implementation, it is hard to see any movement away from the favoured production-based accounting. However, because of its key disadvantage of omitting emissions embodied in international trade, it is clear that consumption-based accounting provides invaluable information and should at least be used as a ‘shadow’ to production-based accounting. With further work into the methodologies of consumption-based accounting and sharing emissions responsibility, both can play greater roles in the future of climate policy. See also Carbon footprint Environmental economics Global warming Kyoto Protocol Paris Agreement Greenhouse gas monitoring Greenhouse Gases Observing Satellite (GOSAT) (Ibuki) Sources Further reading Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) national greenhouse gas inventory guidance manuals UNFCCC National Inventory process The GHG Protocol (WRI/WBCSD) - A corporate accounting and reporting standard ISO 14064 standards for greenhouse gas accounting and verification IPCC National Greenhouse Gas Inventories Programme U.S. EPA Greenhouse Gas Emission Inventories <- this link needs updating The Climate Registry California Climate Registry External links National inventories of GhG emitted in 2019 (received by the UNFCCC in 2021) Greenhouse Gas Inventory Data – Flexible Queries Annex I Parties Greenhouse gas emissions
20474056
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michel%20Leneuf%20de%20la%20Valli%C3%A8re%20de%20Beaubassin
Michel Leneuf de la Vallière de Beaubassin
Michel Le Neuf de la Vallière de Beaubassin (the elder) (1640 – 1705) was a military figure who became a governor of Acadia under French control. He was the son of Jacques Leneuf de La Poterie and Marguerite Legardeur, who both originally came from Normandy and together with their extended families settled in Canada. The Le Neuf family came from Caen, France, and settled in Trois-Rivières, Canada, in 1636. They were the first nobles to settle in New France and held positions of power and prestige through several generations. References External links Leneuf, Michel (the elder) 1640 births 1705 deaths Military personnel from Caen
6905370
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jakarta%20Mail
Jakarta Mail
Jakarta Mail (formerly JavaMail) is a Jakarta EE API used to send and receive email via SMTP, POP3 and IMAP. Jakarta Mail is built into the Java EE platform, but also provides an optional package for use in Java SE. The current version is 1.6.5, released in March 2020. Another open source Jakarta Mail implementation exists - GNU JavaMail - while supporting only version 1.3 of JavaMail specification, it provides the only free NNTP backend, which makes it possible to use this technology to read and send news group articles. As of 2019, the software is known as Jakarta Mail, and is part of the Jakarta EE brand (formerly known as Java EE). Licensing Jakarta Mail is hosted as an open source project on Eclipse.org under its new name Jakarta Mail. Most of the Jakarta Mail source code is licensed under the following licences: EPL-2.0 GPL-2.0 with Classpath Exception license The source code for the demo programs is licensed under the BSD license Examples import java.util.*; import javax.mail.*; import javax.mail.internet.*; import javax.activation.*; // Send a simple, single part, text/plain e-mail public class TestEmail { public static void main(String[] args) { // SUBSTITUTE YOUR EMAIL ADDRESSES HERE! String to = "sendToMailAddress"; String from = "sendFromMailAddress"; // SUBSTITUTE YOUR ISP'S MAIL SERVER HERE! String host = "smtp.yourisp.invalid"; // Create properties, get Session Properties props = new Properties(); // If using static Transport.send(), // need to specify which host to send it to props.put("mail.smtp.host", host); // To see what is going on behind the scene props.put("mail.debug", "true"); Session session = Session.getInstance(props); try { // Instantiate a message Message msg = new MimeMessage(session); //Set message attributes msg.setFrom(new InternetAddress(from)); InternetAddress[] address = {new InternetAddress(to)}; msg.setRecipients(Message.RecipientType.TO, address); msg.setSubject("Test E-Mail through Java"); msg.setSentDate(new Date()); // Set message content msg.setText("This is a test of sending a " + "plain text e-mail through Java.\n" + "Here is line 2."); //Send the message Transport.send(msg); } catch (MessagingException mex) { // Prints all nested (chained) exceptions as well mex.printStackTrace(); } } }//End of class Sample Code to Send Multipart E-Mail, HTML E-Mail and File Attachments import java.util.*; import java.io.*; import javax.mail.*; import javax.mail.internet.*; import javax.activation.*; public class SendMailUsage { public static void main(String[] args) { // SUBSTITUTE YOUR EMAIL ADDRESSES HERE!!! String to = "sendToMailAddress"; String from = "sendFromMailAddress"; // SUBSTITUTE YOUR ISP'S MAIL SERVER HERE!!! String host = "smtpserver.yourisp.invalid"; // Create properties for the Session Properties props = new Properties(); // If using static Transport.send(), // need to specify the mail server here props.put("mail.smtp.host", host); // To see what is going on behind the scene props.put("mail.debug", "true"); // Get a session Session session = Session.getInstance(props); try { // Get a Transport object to send e-mail Transport bus = session.getTransport("smtp"); // Connect only once here // Transport.send() disconnects after each send // Usually, no username and password is required for SMTP bus.connect(); //bus.connect("smtpserver.yourisp.net", "username", "password"); // Instantiate a message Message msg = new MimeMessage(session); // Set message attributes msg.setFrom(new InternetAddress(from)); InternetAddress[] address = {new InternetAddress(to)}; msg.setRecipients(Message.RecipientType.TO, address); // Parse a comma-separated list of email addresses. Be strict. msg.setRecipients(Message.RecipientType.CC, InternetAddress.parse(to, true)); // Parse comma/space-separated list. Cut some slack. msg.setRecipients(Message.RecipientType.BCC, InternetAddress.parse(to, false)); msg.setSubject("Test E-Mail through Java"); msg.setSentDate(new Date()); // Set message content and send setTextContent(msg); msg.saveChanges(); bus.sendMessage(msg, address); setMultipartContent(msg); msg.saveChanges(); bus.sendMessage(msg, address); setFileAsAttachment(msg, "C:/WINDOWS/CLOUD.GIF"); msg.saveChanges(); bus.sendMessage(msg, address); setHTMLContent(msg); msg.saveChanges(); bus.sendMessage(msg, address); bus.close(); } catch (MessagingException mex) { // Prints all nested (chained) exceptions as well mex.printStackTrace(); // How to access nested exceptions while (mex.getNextException() != null) { // Get next exception in chain Exception ex = mex.getNextException(); ex.printStackTrace(); if (!(ex instanceof MessagingException)) break; else mex = (MessagingException)ex; } } } // A simple, single-part text/plain e-mail. public static void setTextContent(Message msg) throws MessagingException { // Set message content String mytxt = "This is a test of sending a " + "plain text e-mail through Java.\n" + "Here is line 2."; msg.setText(mytxt); // Alternate form msg.setContent(mytxt, "text/plain"); } // A simple multipart/mixed e-mail. Both body parts are text/plain. public static void setMultipartContent(Message msg) throws MessagingException { // Create and fill first part MimeBodyPart p1 = new MimeBodyPart(); p1.setText("This is part one of a test multipart e-mail."); // Create and fill second part MimeBodyPart p2 = new MimeBodyPart(); // Here is how to set a charset on textual content p2.setText("This is the second part", "us-ascii"); // Create the Multipart. Add BodyParts to it. Multipart mp = new MimeMultipart(); mp.addBodyPart(p1); mp.addBodyPart(p2); // Set Multipart as the message's content msg.setContent(mp); } // Set a file as an attachment. Uses JAF FileDataSource. public static void setFileAsAttachment(Message msg, String filename) throws MessagingException { // Create and fill first part MimeBodyPart p1 = new MimeBodyPart(); p1.setText("This is part one of a test multipart e-mail." + "The second part is file as an attachment"); // Create second part MimeBodyPart p2 = new MimeBodyPart(); // Put a file in the second part FileDataSource fds = new FileDataSource(filename); p2.setDataHandler(new DataHandler(fds)); p2.setFileName(fds.getName()); // Create the Multipart. Add BodyParts to it. Multipart mp = new MimeMultipart(); mp.addBodyPart(p1); mp.addBodyPart(p2); // Set Multipart as the message's content msg.setContent(mp); } // Set a single part HTML content. // Sending data of any type is similar. public static void setHTMLContent(Message msg) throws MessagingException { String html = "<html><head><title>" + msg.getSubject() + "</title></head><body><h1>" + msg.getSubject() + "</h1><p>This is a test of sending an HTML e-mail" + " through Java.</body></html>"; // HTMLDataSource is a static nested class msg.setDataHandler(new DataHandler(new HTMLDataSource(html))); } /* * Static nested class to act as a JAF datasource to send HTML e-mail content */ static class HTMLDataSource implements DataSource { private String html; public HTMLDataSource(String htmlString) { html = htmlString; } // Return html string in an InputStream. // A new stream must be returned each time. public InputStream getInputStream() throws IOException { if (html == null) throw new IOException("Null HTML"); return new ByteArrayInputStream(html.getBytes()); } public OutputStream getOutputStream() throws IOException { throw new IOException("This DataHandler cannot write HTML"); } public String getContentType() { return "text/html"; } public String getName() { return "JAF text/html dataSource to send e-mail only"; } } } //End of class References External links Jakarta Mail EE4J project page FAQ GNU JavaMail Email Java platform Java enterprise platform
6905371
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacquin
Jacquin
Jacquin is a surname. Notable people with the surname include: Abel Jacquin (1893–1968), French film actor Alfonso Jacquin (1953–1985), Colombian guerilla fighter François Xavier Joseph Jacquin (1756–1826), Flemish painter Joseph Franz von Jacquin (1766–1839), Austrian scientist, son of Nikolaus Lisa Ann Jacquin (born 1962), American equestrian Nikolaus Joseph von Jacquin (1727–1817), scientist, particularly in botany Philippe Jacquin (1942–2002), French anthropologist See also Jacquin Jansen (born 1986), South African rugby union player
6905398
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suprarenal%20plexus
Suprarenal plexus
The suprarenal plexus is formed by branches from the celiac plexus, from the celiac ganglion, and from the phrenic and greater splanchnic nerves, a ganglion being formed at the point of junction with the latter nerve. The plexus supplies the suprarenal gland, being distributed chiefly to its medullary portion; its branches are remarkable for their large size in comparison with that of the organ they supply. References External links Nerve plexus Nerves of the torso Adrenal gland
20474067
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric%20Cuvillier
Frédéric Cuvillier
Frédéric Cuvillier (born at Boulogne-sur-Mer on 9 December 1968) is a French politician who, until his appointment as Junior Minister for Transport and the Maritime Economy at the Ministry of Ecology, Sustainable Development, and Energy by President François Hollande on 16 May 2012, was a member of the National Assembly of France, where he represented the 5th constituency of Pas-de-Calais on behalf of the Parti Socialiste. He was mayor of Boulogne-sur-Mer from 22 November 2002 until 2012, when he became Secretary of State for Transport and the Maritime Economy. Career National government Secretary of State for Transport and the Maritime Economy (renamed Transport, the Sea and Fisheries) at the Ministry of Ecology, Sustainable Development, and Energy : 16 May 2012 – 25 August 2014 Elected posts National Assembly of France Member of the National Assembly of France for the 5th constituency of Pas-de-Calais : 2007–2012 (Became minister in 2012). Elected in 2007, re-elected in 2012. General council Member of the Pas-de-Calais General Council for the Canton of Le Portel : 2004–2007 (Resigned) Agglomeration community council Chairman of the Boulonnais Agglomeration Community : 2008–2012 (Resignation). Vice-chairman of the Boulonnais Agglomeration Community : 1996–2008 (Re-elected in 2001) Member Boulonnais Agglomeration Community : Since 1996. Re-elected in 2001, 2008. Municipal council Mayor of Boulogne-sur-Mer : 2002–2012 (Resignation). Re-elected in 2008 Deputy mayor of Boulogne-sur-Mer : 1996–2002 (Re-elected in 2001) Member of Boulogne-sur-Mer Municipal Council : since 1996 (Re-elected in 2001, 2008) References 1968 births Living people Socialist Party (France) politicians People from Boulogne-sur-Mer Mayors of places in Hauts-de-France Deputies of the 13th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
23580484
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renard%20GAA
Renard GAA
Reenard (or Renard as it is also spelled) is a Gaelic Athletic Association club from the Kerry, Ireland townland of Reenard. The club competes in Gaelic football competitions organized by the Kerry county board and the South Kerry divisional board. Together with nine other clubs they supply players to the South Kerry Divisional team. History The first mention of Reenard was when Pat McGillicuddy of Reenard won the first Dublin Senior Football Championship in 1887 with Erins Hope which was then the name of football team of St. Patrick's College of Education in Drumcondra. McGillicuddy returned to County Kerry to take up principalship of the National School in the nearby townland of Knockeens in 1890 and immediately set about organising Gaelic football in the locality. Reenard contested the 1902, 1903, 1904 and 1905 South Kerry Championship and were affiliated to the South Kerry Board in 1904. In 1925 the South Kerry League commenced seeing Reenard compete along with other South Kerry teams. In 1942 playing as "Con Keatings" they won their first title, the Iveragh Junior Championship, by defeating Waterville on a score 1-4 to 1-1. In 1944 the club was renamed Reenard after the townland. Reenard's first success at senior level came in their first South Kerry Senior Football Championship final in 1948 when they defeated Derrynane by 1-9 to 2-5. Due to emigration and economic deprivation the club was forced to amalgamate with the Foilmore club in the 1960s and 70's. Ned O'Neill, from Reenard Point, was the first South Kerryman to win an All-Ireland medal when Kerry beat Kildare in the 1903 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship (the final was played in 1905 due to circumstances). On Sunday 29 July 1984 Reenard's official ground, Pairc Ui Dhonnchu, was opened. It was named after Tomas O'Donnchu, the first President of Reenard GAA. The president at that time, Brian Mac Mathuna, opened the ground and to mark the occasion Reenard played a game versus Kingdom Kerry Gaels. Honours Senior Iveragh Junior Championship (As Con Keatings) - 1942 South Kerry Senior Football Championship (5) 1948, 1951, 1953, 1974, 1989 South Kerry Special League - 1966, 1980 South Kerry Senior League - 1968, 1975, 1980 Kerry Novice A Football Championship (3) 1984, 1989, 2001 Kerry County Senior Football League Division 5 - 2004, 2015 Kerryman Centenary Sevens Shield - 2004 County Senior Football League Division 4 - 2005 Cahill Cup - 2005 South Kerry Junior Football Championship (1) 2006 County Junior Football League Division 6 Champions - 2013 Minor South Kerry Minor Football Championship - 1967, 1979, 1982, 1996, 1997, 2012 South Kerry Minor Football League Division 2 - 1987, 1988 County Minor Football League Division 5 - 1988 County Minor Football League Division 6 - 1998, 2002 South Kerry Minor B Football Championship - 2000, 2003, 2007 Kerry Minor Football League Division 5A -2004, 2005 South Kerry Minor Football League Division 1 - 2010, 2012 U-16 South Kerry A Football Championship - 2000,2012.2017 South Kerry Football League-2017 U-14 County League Division 8 - 2004 South Kerry A Championship - 2004,2010,2012,2017 Kerry Football League Division 6 - 2017 Kerry Football League Division 5 - 2018 U-12 South Kerry B Football Championship - 1996, 1999 South Kerry A Football Championship - 1998, 2000 County Football League Regroup C -2004 County Football League Group K - 2005 South Kerry Senior Football Championship They have won the South Kerry Senior Football Championship 5 times (once together with Foilmore). Honours as part of South Kerry Senior County Championship: 8 - 1955, 1956, 1958, 1981, 1982, 2004, 2005, 2006 Kerry Under 21 Football Championship: 9 - 1984, 1987, 1988, 1991, 1992, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2007 Kerry Minor Football Championship: 9 - 1963, 1970, 1971, 1975, 1992, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2005 Notable players Eamonn O'Neill Kerry intercounty player Dan Kelly Kerry intercounty player Francie O'Shea Kerry intercounty player John T. O'Sullivan Kerry intercounty player Minor All Ireland Medal Winner 1980 Jim Sugrue Kerry intercounty player Pat Tommy O'Sullivan Kerry intercounty player Pat McCrohan Kerry intercounty player U21 All Ireland medal winner 1976 Mike O'Neill Kerry intercounty player Frank O'Donoghue Kerry intercounty player John Sugrue County Trainer Laois Senior Football Manager 2018 Killian Young Kerry intercounty player Senior All Ireland Medal Winner 2006 & 2007 & 2014 Eoin O Neill Kerry intercounty player & London intercounty player U21 All Ireland medal winner 2008 The O'Mahony brothers, James, John & Jerry, distinguished themselves with Reenard, Kerry and later with London Mossie Kelly, John Daly, Robbie and J.J. Wharton all played with the Kingdom Kerry Gaels in London. Brian Sugrue Kerry intercounty player Munster Minor Champions 2013, 2014. All Ireland Minor 2014 All Ireland Junior Medal Winner 2015 Robert Wharton Kerry intercounty player Munster Minor Champions 2013, 2014 All Ireland Minor 2014 All Ireland Junior Medal Winner 2016 Michael O Leary Kerry intercounty player Munster Minor Champions 2017, All Ireland Minor 2017 External links Official ReenardGAA Club website Reenard on GAA info Gaelic football clubs in County Kerry Gaelic Athletic Association clubs in County Kerry
6905405
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legislative%20districts%20of%20Pasig
Legislative districts of Pasig
The highly urbanized city of Pasig is currently represented in the House of Representatives of the Philippines by its lone congressional district. Every three years, the district elects one representative who will sit on their behalf in the lower house of the legislature. Meanwhile, the city has two councilor districts which are allotted six seats each in the Pasig City Council, with councilors being elected every three years. History Pasig was represented as part of the at-large district of the province of Manila in the Malolos Congress from 1898 to 1899, the second district of Rizal from 1907 to 1941 and from 1945 to 1972, the at-large district of Rizal during the National Assembly of the Second Philippine Republic from 1943 to 1944, and the representation of Region IV in the Interim Batasang Pambansa from 1978 to 1984. Pasig was grouped with Marikina in the Regular Batasang Pambansa from 1984 to 1986, as the Legislative district of Pasig–Marikina. It was granted its own representation in the restored House of Representatives in 1987 and has consisted of one representative district ever since. Lone District The city has yet to be redistricted since it was granted its own district in 1987. The city's current representative is an Independent who is part of the majority bloc in the 19th Congress. Notes References Pasig Pasig Politics of Pasig
23580485
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamini%20Lokuge
Gamini Lokuge
Gamini Kulawansa Lokuge (born 8 May 1943 in Piliyandala) is a Sri Lankan politician and a former Cabinet Minister. Early life Lokuge was born on 8 May 1943 in Piliyandala to middle-class parents. He received his primary education in Piliyandala and completed his higher education at Piliyandala Central College. Political career Lokuge entered politics in 1960 as a member of the United National Party (UNP). His first national campaign was in 1983, when he was elected by a clear majority to represent the Kesbewa Electoral District. He served as Minister of Tourism in the UNP governments of 1989 and 2002. In 2006, he joined the government of President Mahinda Rajapaksa after having personal issues with Ranil Wickremesinghe. In January 2007, Lokuge was appointed to the Ministry of Sports and Public Recreation. He was re-elected in 2010 and 2015. On 27 November 2019 he was appointed as State Minister for Urban Development. On 12 August 2020, he was appointed as the Cabinet Minister of Transport Lokuge was appointed to the Legislative Standing Committee in February 2020. Notes References Living people Members of the 8th Parliament of Sri Lanka Members of the 9th Parliament of Sri Lanka Members of the 10th Parliament of Sri Lanka Members of the 11th Parliament of Sri Lanka Members of the 12th Parliament of Sri Lanka Members of the 13th Parliament of Sri Lanka Members of the 14th Parliament of Sri Lanka Members of the 15th Parliament of Sri Lanka Members of the 16th Parliament of Sri Lanka Sri Lanka Podujana Peramuna politicians 1943 births Labour ministers of Sri Lanka United National Party politicians United People's Freedom Alliance politicians Sports ministers of Sri Lanka Ministers of state of Sri Lanka Alumni of Ananda Sastralaya, Kotte
20474079
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric%20Lefebvre
Frédéric Lefebvre
Frédéric Lefebvre (; born 14 October 1963 in Neuilly-sur-Seine) is a French politician who served as Secretary of State for Trade, Small and Medium Enterprises, Tourism, Services, Liberal professions and Consumption under the Minister of Economy, Finance and Industry, François Baroin, in the government of Prime Minister François Fillon. From 2008 to 2009 and from 2013 until 2017, he was a member of the National Assembly, representing the Hauts-de-Seine department. He is also the founder of l'Ame Nord, a non-profit organization dedicated to serve the interests of French residents living in the US and Canada. Political career Lefebvre was first elected to the National Assembly in the 2007 elections. In parliament, he served on the Finance Committee from 2007 until 2009. In 2008, he introduced an amendment to President Nicolas Sarkozy's immigration law to allow illegal foreign employees to apply for work permits if their employers can show they are important to the economy. Lefebvre was the UMP's candidate in the for First constituency for French residents overseas (for French expatriates in Canada and the United States) in the 2012 legislative election, but lost against Corinne Narassiguin, who received 54.01% of the votes. On 15 February 2013, the Constitutional Council canceled the election and said Corinne Narassiguin ineligible. He topped the first round of the early parliamentary elections, and after the second round, 9 June 2013, he was elected against the Socialist candidate, Frank Scemama, with 53.72% of the vote. He subsequently served on the Defence Committee from 2013 until 2017. Lefebvre was a candidate in the 2016 Republican presidential primary. In the 2017 elections, Lefebvre lost his re-election race against Roland Lescure, the candidate of La République En Marche! (LREM); Lescure won 80 percent of the vote, to Lefebvre's 20 percent. In November 2017, Lefebvre was among the co-founders of Agir and served as the party's vice-chairman. In 2019, however, he joined LREM. References External links His official site 1963 births Living people People from Neuilly-sur-Seine Politicians from Île-de-France Rally for the Republic politicians Union for a Popular Movement politicians The Republicans (France) politicians Agir (France) politicians Secretaries of State of France Deputies of the 13th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic Deputies of the 14th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic La République En Marche! politicians 20th-century French lawyers Members of Parliament for French people living outside France
23580489
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter%20Harte
Walter Harte
Walter Harte (1709–1774) was an English poet and historian. He was a friend of Alexander Pope, Oxford don, canon of Windsor, and vice-principal of St. Mary's Hall, Oxford. The son of the Reverend Walter Harte, a fellow of Pembroke College, Oxford, prebendary of Wells, canon of Bristol, and vicar of St. Mary Magdalen, Taunton, Somerset, the young Harte was educated at Marlborough Grammar School and St Mary Hall, Oxford, where he graduated BA in 1728 and proceeded MA in 1731. In 1750 he was appointed Canon of the third stall at St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle, a position he held until 1774. Works Poems on several occasions (1727) An essay on reason. ; 2nd ed. 1735 An essay on satire, particularly on the Duncaid (1730) Essays on husbandry. (1764) The amaranth; or, Religious poems (1767) The history of the life of Gustavus Adolphus, king of Sweden The reasonableness and advantage of national humiliations, upon the approach of war (1740) The union and harmony of reason, morality, and revealed religion. References External links Walter Harte at the Eighteenth-Century Poetry Archive (ECPA) Extensive biography 1709 births 1774 deaths British poets Canons of Windsor British male poets
17341546
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JTG%20Daugherty%20Racing
JTG Daugherty Racing
JTG Daugherty Racing (formerly ST Motorsports and JTG Racing) is an American professional stock car racing team that currently competes in the NASCAR Cup Series. The team is owned by former advertising executive Tad Geschickter and his wife Jodi, along with former NBA All-Star center Brad Daugherty. The team currently has a technical alliance with Hendrick Motorsports. JTG Daugherty currently fields the No. 47 Chevrolet Camaro ZL1 in the NASCAR Cup Series full-time for Ricky Stenhouse Jr.. Cup Series Car No. 37 history Chris Buescher (2017–2019) In November 2016, the team announced plans to expand to two cars for the 2017 season. On November 29, Roush Fenway Racing leased their No. 16 charter to JTG, while also loaning driver Chris Buescher to the team. The new car was revealed to be the No. 37 on December 12. During the 2016-17 offseason, it was revealed that the sponsors of the 37 car would be products sold at Kroger stores like Cottonelle, Cheerios, Bush's Baked Beans, Kingsford, and Scott Products. Liberty Tax Service was added as a sponsor on June 2, 2017. In 2018, JTG purchased Furniture Row Racing's No. 77 charter for the No. 37; the charter leased from Roush Fenway Racing was subsequently sold to Team Penske for the No. 12. Throughout his three-year tenure in the No. 37, Buescher's best finish was 5th at both Daytona races in 2018, and his best points finish was 20th in 2019. On September 25, 2019, it was announced that Buescher will return to Roush Fenway Racing to replace Ricky Stenhouse Jr. in the No. 17 Ford in 2020. Ryan Preece (2020–2021) On August 16, 2019, Ryan Preece confirmed he would return to JTG Daugherty Racing for the 2020 season, this time, in the No. 37, with his new teammate Ricky Stenhouse Jr. (who replaced Chris Buescher) in the No. 47 which Preece drove in 2019. Prior to the 2020 Auto Club 400 at Fontana, the No. 37 team was docked 10 owner and driver points and crew chief Trent Owens was suspended for the race after the car was discovered to have an illegal modification during pre-race inspection. Preece struggled mightily throughout the 2020 season, finishing last a total of four times, three of them consecutively. After a violent wreck at Kansas where he walked away unharmed, Preece managed to score two top-10 finishes but ended the season 29th in the standings. For the 2021 season the 37 would be the only full-time non-chartered team. Following the 2021 season, the 37 team was shut down. Car No. 37 results Car No. 47 history In 2006, JTG Racing started a partnership with Wood Brothers Racing to field the No. 21 car under the banner of Wood Brothers/JTG Racing. JTG Daugherty attempted to make their Cup Series debut in the third race of 2007 at Las Vegas Motor Speedway with Ken Schrader behind the wheel of the Ore-Ida Ford, a second car to the Wood Brothers' No. 21, but the team failed to qualify for the race. Jon Wood attempted to qualify the No. 47 in the season's 29th race at Kansas Speedway but also failed to qualify the Little Debbie/Nutty Bars car into the field. Marcos Ambrose (2008–2010) With the new ownership at JTG Daugherty Racing in 2008, the team attempted to qualify for the Allstate 400 at the Brickyard with Marcos Ambrose at the wheel and he qualified into the race in 24th position. Ambrose finished in the 22nd position. Ambrose finished 3rd in the No. 21 Ford Fusion of Wood Brothers Racing at the Centurion Boats at the Glen at Watkins Glen International. On October 1, JTG Daugherty signed a deal to enter into a technical alliance with Michael Waltrip Racing for the remainder of 2008 and the 2009 Sprint Cup season. During this technical alliance in 2008 and 2009, the No. 47 ran a Toyota Camry as the third car on the Michael Waltrip Racing team. For the rest of the 2008 season, the 47 switched to Toyota and leased the owner points for MWR's No. 00 entry. Ambrose ran four races for the rest of the season and had the best finish of eighteenth. The 47 became a full-time entry in 2009, running with sponsorship mostly from Little Debbie and the Clorox Company. He had seven top-ten finishes, including a second at Watkins Glen, and finished eighteenth in points. The alliance continued for 2010, with Ambrose again running as the third car for MWR. In 2010, Ambrose had a lower season, statistically speaking, than 2009. His nearest-miss was at Sonoma in June 2010 where he controlled the late stages of the 110-lap race only to be sent to 7th on the final restart after stalling his engine in turn 1 under caution. Ambrose ended up finishing 6th, handing a sure-victory to Jimmie Johnson. Later that season, Ambrose dueled Juan Pablo Montoya for the win at the 2nd road course race of the season, at Watkins Glen, finishing third after leading 8 laps. Bobby Labonte (2011–2013) For 2011, however, Ambrose left JTG Daugherty Racing in the Sprint Cup Series to drive for Richard Petty Motorsports although he drove for JTG in a one race deal for Watkins Glen in the Nationwide Series. He was replaced by former series champion Bobby Labonte. Labonte proved a good replacement by scoring 4th in the Daytona 500 and pushing Trevor Bayne to the lead on the final lap. However, the 500 remained their sole high point, and they struggled throughout the season to a 29th-place points finish. As a result, crew chief Frankie Kerr was moved to the shop foreman position, and JTG hired former Richard Childress Racing crew chief Todd Berrier as their new crew chief and general manager. To improve the team's performance beyond MWR, JTG moved back into the Geischeckter's old race shop it shared with the Wood Brothers. However, the team had very few good runs in 2012. For 2013, Labonte and JTG would have the best finish of 15th at Daytona before he was replaced at Kentucky by A. J. Allmendinger. Allmendinger would score a top 10 at Watkins Glen. A.J. Allmendinger (2013–2018) On August 29, 2013, Sporting News reported that Allmendinger will be the full-time driver for JTG Daugherty Racing in 2014. The team will also be switching to Chevrolet and form a technical alliance with Richard Childress Racing. Allmendinger started 2014 slowly but got hot with back to back top-10 finishes in May. He also raced his way into the Sprint All-Star Race. Allmendinger had the strongest car at Sonoma in June but was involved in an incident that left him a disappointing 37th. However, he got redemption at Watkins Glen by winning the race, beating fellow road course ace Marcos Ambrose for the team's first Sprint Cup win. The win was also the first Chase birth for JTG. Ironically, Ambrose himself had nearly scored the team's first win in 2010. Allmendinger qualified for the Chase, the first Chase birth for JTG Daugherty, and finished 13th in the points standings. Both Allmendinger and all the team's sponsors returned in 2015. Allmendinger and the #47 started 2015 off with four straight top-20s, including a pair of top-10s. Allmendinger also swept both road course poles, at Sonoma and Watkins Glen. However the team scored only one more top-10, at Pocono in August, and Allmendinger finished 22nd in points. Allmendinger and Kroger inked a multi-year contract extension following the 2015 season. After starting the 2016 season slowly, the No. 47 picked up momentum with an 8th-place finish at California in the spring. One week later at Martinsville, Allmendinger finished runner-up to Kyle Busch. The team missed the Chase but closed the season strong picking up six more top-10s and a top-5 at Watkins Glen. Allmendinger finished 19th in points. In 2017, the team got to a great start, finishing 3rd, nearly winning the Daytona 500. At the first Talladega race, the No. 47 flipped over, while trying to push Chase Elliott late in the race while running again in the top 5. Ryan Preece (2019) On September 25, 2018, It was announced that Allmendinger will part ways with JTG Daugherty at the end of the 2018 season. Three days later, it was announced that Ryan Preece will be replacing him as the driver of the No. 47 in 2019. In addition, Preece competed for 2019 Rookie of the Year honors. Preece started the 2019 season with an eighth-place finish at the 2019 Daytona 500. On October 11, 2019, JTG Daugherty Racing announced that team engineer Eddie Pardue would replace Tristan Smith as the crew chief of the No. 47 car for the remaining six races of the season. Smith, meanwhile, will move to an engineer position. Ricky Stenhouse Jr. (2020–present) On October 16, 2019, JTG announced Stenhouse would drive for them in 2020. The team later announced that Stenhouse will drive this car with Brian Pattie as the crew chief and moved Preece to the 37 car. Stenhouse got off to a quick start for the team, winning the pole for the 2020 Daytona 500 - the first pole for JTG on an oval. He followed up a 20th place finish at Daytona with a strong showing at Las Vegas, leading 30 laps and finishing third. Prior to the 2020 Auto Club 400 at Fontana, the No. 47 team was docked 10 owner and driver points and crew chief Brian Pattie was suspended for the race after the car was discovered to have an illegal modification during pre-race inspection. Stenhouse later finished fourth in the 2020 Alsco Uniforms 500 and followed it up by finishing second at Talladega in a close race. He ended his first season with the team 24th in the standings. Car No. 47 results Nationwide Series Car No. 47 history Larry Pearson (1996) The second team in the JTG Daugherty stable made its debut in 1996 at the All Pro Bumper To Bumper 300. The car was No. 46, sponsored by Stanley Tools and driven to a 22nd-place finish by Larry Pearson. Pearson drove two more races for the team that year, each one getting regressively worse. Robert Pressley (2004) ST would not run a second car again until 2004, when they fielded the No. 47 Ford Taurus driven by Robert Pressley. Pressley had two top ten finishes that year, and finished 15th in points. Jon Wood (2005-2007) Pressley was replaced by rookie Jon Wood in 2005. Wood posted six top-ten finishes and finished 15th in overall championship points. He was to continue to drive the No. 47 car in 2007, before medical problems forced him to exit the ride. Kelly Bires (2007-2008) Former American Speed Association champion Kelly Bires took Wood's place for most of the year, garnering two top-ten finishes. Andy Lally took his place on road courses, finishing tenth at Watkins Glen International. Bires drove full-time in 2008. Michael McDowell (2009) In 2009, Michael McDowell started the season with sponsorship from Tom's Snacks where he had three top-ten finishes, but left the team midway through the season after Tom's Snacks left the team. The team became a start and park team, listing ConstructionJobs.com as the sponsor (the sponsorship funded only practice and qualifying). Kelly Bires returned for three races followed by Coleman Pressley at Iowa. Marcos Ambrose ran full races with STP sponsorship the two road course events at Watkins Glen and Montreal, and would go on to win the event at Watkins Glen. Pressley and Chase Miller finished out the season. The team was suspended at the end of the year, and its owners points were sold to Penske Racing. In 2010, the team returned with Ambrose driving two road course races; at Watkins Glen, where he won the race, and at Montreal where he did not finish the race, due to electrical problems. Car No. 59 history Jeff Fuller (1995-1997) and Robert Pressley (1997-1998) JTG Daugherty Racing (then known as ST Motorsports and owned by Tad Geschickter and crew chief Steve Plattenberger) made its debut at the 1995 Goody's 300. Jeff Fuller drove the Sunoco-sponsored Chevrolet to an eleventh-place finish. Fuller ran the full season with ST, and had six top-ten finishes en route to a tenth-place finish in points. He was named Rookie of the Year for the Busch Series that year. Fuller returned again in 1996. While he dropped seven points in the standings due to missing two races, he had four top-ten finishes and won from the pole at the Food City 250. Fuller was 18th in points after the 1997 GM Goodwrench/Delco Batteries 200, when he was released from the ride and replaced by Robert Pressley. Pressley had two-top fives and finished 32nd in points despite missing half the season. Pressley could run only half the season in the newly renumbered No. 59 due to Winston Cup commitments with Jasper Motorsports. He ran 18 races and had two pole positions, finishing 31st in points with sponsorship from Kingsford. Jimmie Johnson, Kevin Lepage, Ron Hornaday Jr. and Rich Bickle filled in when Pressley was unavailable. Adam Petty drove a second car for the team, the No. 22 Spree Chevy in three races during the season and his best finish was 27th (twice). Mike Dillon (1999) For 1999, ST hired Mike Dillon as its new driver. Dillon had a seventh-place finish at the Lysol 200 and finished 16th in points that year. Phil Parsons (2000) and Rich Bickle (2001) Dillon left for Richard Childress Racing after the season was over and ST replaced him with Phil Parsons. Parsons qualified for all 32 races, had two top-tens and finished 12th in points. In 2001, he was replaced by Bickle again. However, Bickle struggled in the ride and was replaced by Mark Green and Jeff Purvis after the MBNA.com 200. Stacy Compton (2002-2006) In 2002, ST hired Stacy Compton to drive the No. 59, and he remained in the car until the end of the 2006 season. His best finish was 2nd four times, and the best points position was 9th in 2002. The only major change from 2002 until 2007 was the team's switch to the Ford Motor Company in 2004. Marcos Ambrose (2007-2008) Australian driver Marcos Ambrose was hired to compete in the No. 59 during the 2007 season, finishing in the top-ten six times and ending the year sixth in points. Ambrose won the team's first race in 2008 running an STP-sponsored No. 59 at Watkins Glen. For the 2009 Nationwide Series, the No. 59 team ceased operations, running only the No. 47 entry for numerous drivers, and the owner points going to the No. 12 Penske Dodge driven by Justin Allgaier. Craftsman Truck Series The No. 20 truck debuted in 2006 at the GM Flex Fuel 250 as itself, in a partnership with Wood Brothers Racing. Jon Wood drove the truck for two races, due to Marcos Ambrose not being cleared to run the first two races due to limited experience. Bobby East ran the event at Atlanta. Ambrose finally took over the ride at Martinsville, winning one pole and posting two third-place finishes during the season. In 2007, the truck switched numbers to No. 09. Joey Clanton brought Zaxby's as a sponsor and would share the ride with ex-Busch Series veteran Stacy Compton. Clanton, despite running a partial schedule, was third in the Rookie of the Year standings. Clanton would take both the No. 09 and Zaxby's with him to Roush Fenway Racing for 2008, allowing JTG Daugherty to switch back to the No. 20 and hire Scott Lagasse Jr. as their new driver. After eight races, JTG Daugherty closed its Truck team due to a lack of funding. Sponsorship JTG Daugherty Racing has maintained long-term relationships with sponsors Clorox and Kingsford and their associated company since their time in the Busch series, and the two often appear on the decklid of the car even in races they are not the primary sponsor. The team has also maintained good relations with Bush's Baked Beans and more recent partners Kroger, Kimberly-Clark (Kleenex, Scott Products, Viva) and Charter Communications through several driver and manufacturer changes, and have been able to attract new sponsors every season. References External links Official Website Tad Geshickter Owner Statistics JTG-Daugherty Racing Owner Statistics 1995 establishments in the United States American auto racing teams Companies based in North Carolina NASCAR teams
23580490
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K.%20D.%20Lalkantha
K. D. Lalkantha
Kuragamage Don Lalkantha is a Sri Lankan politician and a former member of the Parliament of Sri Lanka. References Year of birth missing (living people) Living people Members of the 12th Parliament of Sri Lanka Members of the 13th Parliament of Sri Lanka Janatha Vimukthi Peramuna politicians United People's Freedom Alliance politicians
17341552
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cameron%20McGlinchey
Cameron McGlinchey
Cameron McGlinchey (born 19 September 1975) is an Australian drummer who serves as one of the members of the alternative rock band Rogue Traders. Originally, McGlinchey only played as a touring member, but by 2005, he joined as an official member. He was a member of Maeder and has previously toured with NoKTuRNL and former Young Talent Time singer Natalie Miller. McGlinchey left the Rogue Traders in 2008. Since he left the band, he has started going around for the Whitelion ROAR program. Personal life McGlinchey is married to Rogue Traders lead singer Natalie Bassingthwaighte. On 16 August 2010, Bassingthwaighte gave birth to their first child, daughter Harper Rain Sinclair McGlinchey. In May 2013, their second child, a son named Hendrix John Hickson McGlinchey was born References 1975 births Living people Australian musicians
20474091
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric%20Reiss
Frédéric Reiss
Frédéric Reiss (born 12 November 1949) is a French teacher and politician of the Republicans who has been serving as a member of the National Assembly of France since the 2002 elections, representing the Bas-Rhin department. On the local level, he is the mayor of Niederbronn-les-Bains, Bas-Rhin. Political career In parliament, Reiss has been serving on the Committee on Cultural Affairs and Education since 2002. In this capacity, he was the parliament's rapporteur on the national budget for research in 2020. In addition to his committee assignments, Reiss is part of the French-Moldovan Parliamentary Friendship Group. In 2019, he also joined the Franco-German Parliamentary Assembly. Other activities Franco-German Youth Office, Member of the Board of Directors Political positions Ahead of the 2017 elections, Reiss endorsed François Fillon as the Republican's candidate for president. Ahead of the 2022 presidential elections, he publicly declared his support for Michel Barnier as the Republicans’ candidate. He did not seek re-election in the 2022 French legislative election. References 1949 births Living people People from Haguenau Mayors of places in Grand Est Radical Party (France) politicians Union for a Popular Movement politicians The Republicans (France) politicians The Social Right Modern and Humanist France Deputies of the 12th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic Deputies of the 13th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic Deputies of the 14th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic Deputies of the 15th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic French people of German descent Members of Parliament for Bas-Rhin
17341559
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phillippe
Phillippe
Phillippe is both a given name and a surname. Notable people with the name include: People with the given name Phillippe Phillippe Aumont (born 1989), Canadian baseball player Phillippe de Longvilliers de Poincy (1583–1660), French nobleman Phillippe de Oliveira (died 1627), Portuguese colonial governor Phillippe Édouard Léon van Tieghem (1839–1914), French botanist People with the surname Phillippe Deacon Phillippe (1872–1952), Major League Baseball pitcher Ryan Phillippe (born 1974), American actor See also Philip (disambiguation) Philips (disambiguation) Philipps (disambiguation) Phillips (disambiguation) Phillipps French masculine given names
23580496
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ranjith%20Madduma%20Bandara
Ranjith Madduma Bandara
Rathnayaka Mudiyanselage Ranjith Madduma Bandara (born 25 August 1954) (known as Ranjith Madduma Bandara) is a Sri Lankan politician and a member of the Parliament of Sri Lanka. He was appointed as the cabinet Minister of Law and Order and Minister of Public Administration and Management by the President, Maithripala Sirisena on 8 March 2018. He has also acted as the Minister of Transport. His father R. M. Gunasekera, former member of the parliament for Bibile was assassinated when he was seven years old. His uncle was Dharmadasa Banda. He was educated at Ananda College and became a planter and a businessman. He is a long time member of Sri Lanka's main political party United National Party, and had held many positions in the party. On February 11, 2020 he was appointed as the General Secretary of Samagi Jana Balawegaya. References External links Sri Lanka Parliament profile Living people Members of the 9th Parliament of Sri Lanka Members of the 10th Parliament of Sri Lanka Members of the 11th Parliament of Sri Lanka Members of the 12th Parliament of Sri Lanka Members of the 13th Parliament of Sri Lanka Members of the 14th Parliament of Sri Lanka Members of the 15th Parliament of Sri Lanka Members of the 16th Parliament of Sri Lanka Samagi Jana Balawegaya politicians United National Party politicians 1954 births Cabinet ministers of Sri Lanka Sri Lankan planters
6905417
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scandinavian%20Airlines%20System%20Flight%20933
Scandinavian Airlines System Flight 933
Scandinavian Airlines System Flight 933 was a scheduled international flight from Denmark to the United States that on January 13, 1969, crashed into Santa Monica Bay at 19:21, approximately west of Los Angeles International Airport (LAX) in California, United States. The crash into the sea was caused by pilot error during approach to runway 07R; the pilots were so occupied with the nose gear light not turning green that they lost awareness of the situation and failed to keep track of their altitude. The Scandinavian Airlines System (SAS) aircraft had a crew of nine and 36 passengers, of whom 15 died in the accident. The flight originated at Copenhagen Airport, Denmark, and had a stopover at Seattle–Tacoma International Airport, where there was a change of crew. The crash was similar to Eastern Air Lines Flight 401. The crash site was in international waters, but the National Transportation Safety Board carried out an investigation, which was published on July 1, 1970. The report stated the probable cause as improper crew resource management and stated that the aircraft was fully capable of carrying out the approach and landing. The aircraft was conducting an instrument approach, but was following an unauthorized back course approach. Flight The accident aircraft was a McDonnell Douglas DC-8-62 with serial number 45822 and line number 270. It was originally registered in the United States by McDonnell Douglas as N1501U for testing before delivery to SAS. It was then registered as LN-MOD, but as SAS already had a Douglas DC-7 with that registration, it was re-registered as LN-MOO. The aircraft was registered on June 23, 1967, and named "Sverre Viking" by SAS. Five days later, it was reregistered with Norwegian Air Lines, the Norwegian holding company of the SAS conglomerate, as owner. The DC-8-62 model had been custom-made by McDonnell Douglas for SAS to operate to Los Angeles with a full payload in all wind conditions, although the model was later sold to other airlines as well. SAS took delivery of the first of ten DC-8-62 aircraft in 1967. "Sverre Viking" had flown 6,948 hours as of January 7 and had met all maintenance requirements. The last overhaul had been carried out on April 3, 1968. Flight 933 was a regular, international scheduled flight from SAS's main hub at Copenhagen Airport in Denmark to Los Angeles International Airport in Los Angeles, California, in the United States. It had a scheduled stopover at Seattle–Tacoma International Airport in the state of Washington for change of crew and refueling. There were 45 people on board the aircraft at the time of the accident, consisting of 36 passengers and nine crew members. The crew outbound from Seattle had flown a flight from Copenhagen on January 11 and had about 48 hours of rest before the flight. The crew consisted of a captain, a first officer, a flight engineer and six flight attendants. Captain Kenneth Davies, a 50-year-old Briton, had been employed by SAS since 1948 and had a past in the RAF Coastal Command. He had flown 11,135 hours with SAS and 900 hours in the DC-8. First Officer Hans Ingvar Hansson was 40 and had worked for SAS since 1957. He had flown 5,814 hours for the airline, including 973 hours in the DC-8. Flight Engineer Ake Ingvar Andersson, 32, had worked for SAS since 1966. He had flown 985 hours, all of the time on a DC-8. All three had valid certificates, training and medical checks. The cabin crew consisted of Renning Lenshoj, Arne Roosand, Peter Olssen, Marie Britt Larsson, Susanne Gothberg-Ingeborg and Ann-Charlotte Jennings. A steward and two stewardesses were killed in the crash, though remains of only one of the three were found. The flight to Seattle had gone without incident. The landing took place with an instrument landing system (ILS) approach, with the autopilot coupler being used down to 100 to 60 meters (300–200 ft) before a manual completion. The aircraft had three maintenance issues at Seattle, consisting of a non-functioning fast–slow airspeed function, low oil on the number one engine and a non-functioning lavatory light. The final crew arrived at Seattle–Tacoma an hour before the flight and was given necessary documentation. Flight time was estimated at two hours, 16 minutes. All preflight checks were concluded without discrepancies. The aircraft was de-iced and the altimeters set and cross-checked. The flight departed Seattle at 15:46 Pacific Standard Time (PST), one hour and eleven minutes after schedule. The first officer was designated as pilot flying. The altimeters were recalibrated and the autopilot was used for the climb and cruise. Approach and landing Slightly after 17:20, an airline dispatcher confirmed that the weather was suitable at LAX for the landing. The aircraft made contact with Los Angeles Air Route Traffic Control Center at 17:32 and were told to hold at Bakersfield. This holding was confirmed at 17:47. At 18:39, the aircraft was cleared to descend via Fillmore and to keep an altitude of via the newly designated Westlake Intersection, which was not yet on the charts. The crew was to conduct a back course ILS at LAX, although they lacked authorization and plates to conduct this. The weather at 19:00 consisted of scattered clouds at , ceiling-measured overcast, visibility of and light rain and fog. The sky was dark and the pilots lacked any visual ground references. Descent was controlled through the use of the vertical-speed wheel of the autopilot, combined with an altitude preselect (which illuminated a light when reaching preselected altitudes) in manual mode. While retaining use of the autopilot, the pilots reduced their speed to at the request of air-traffic control at 19:07. At this point the pilots were working through the approach checklist. The captain halted the checklist at the point regarding the radio altimeter, as the aircraft was above its operational limit, and he wanted to control the plane's operation during further descent. At 19:11, the aircraft received permission to bear 180 degrees and descend to and maintain of altitude. Both navigational receivers were tuned to the ILS frequency. At 19:17:55, the controller requested that SK933 reduce its speed to , which was confirmed. At 19:19:05, the controller confirmed that the aircraft was cleared for approach for Runway 07R. At the time, the first officer thought the aircraft was from the VHF omnidirectional range (VOR) transmitter, while the captain thought they were away. The first officer therefore disconnected the autopilot. The captain put the landing gear in down position and the first officer asked for the landing checklist to be completed. This was interrupted by radio traffic and cockpit activities. The aircraft then descended to a minimum altitude of . The DC-8 was following a Cessna 177 Cardinal, designated 67T, which was also conducting a back-course approach, flying at . All communication between SK933, 67T and air traffic control was occurring on the same frequency. Air-traffic control asked SK933 at 19:19:35 to reduce its speed further to take the Cessna into account, and the pilots reduced their speed to . This speed requires the full extension of the flaps, but this step was not carried out. The nose gear was showing an unsafe indication; should the flaps be extended fully without the nose gear down, a horn would blow, which could not be silenced without retracting the flaps. The captain recycled the gear, but the indicator light still showed an unsafe condition. Meanwhile, the first officer believed that the flaps were fully extended, and started reducing speed to . After the flight engineer confirmed that the nose gear was down and locked, the captain fully extended the flaps. The flight engineer carried out a systems check, first from memory and then after consulting the flight manual. At this time, 19:20:42, the captain informed air-traffic control that he was experiencing nose-gear problems that, if not resolved by the time the aircraft reached minimum altitude, would force him to cancel the landing and divert to the designated alternate (McCarran International Airport (now Harry Reid International Airport) in Las Vegas). This was the last transmission from Flight 933. The flight engineer conducted a manual check of the landing gear from the cockpit peephole, confirming it was down and locked. At this time, the aircraft had an elevation of . The lowest speed that the pilots remembered was with full flap extension. Minutes before impact, the aircraft had an altitude of . It descended to in the next 26 seconds, leveled for 16 seconds, then descended to sea level in one minute and 16 seconds. The pilots did not have control over the rate of descent, and the next thing remembered by the first officer was seeing the altimeter approaching zero. He attempted to pull up through back pressure and adding power, but the aircraft hit the water before he was able to execute this maneuver. The impact took place at 19:21:30 PST (03:21:30 on January 14 Coordinated Universal Time) in Santa Monica Bay, about west of LAX, in international waters where the sea is deep. The crew did not recall any unusual sink rate, buffeting and yawing, nor were there any instrument warnings except a last-moment flashing of the heading-difference light. The aircraft hit the water with the tail first. The impact caused the fuselage to break into three main parts. The largest was the forward section of the aircraft, from the nose to the trailing edge of the wings. It remained afloat after the accident for about twenty hours. The midsection was long, from the trailing edge of the wing to the rear pressure bulkhead. The aft section consisted of the tail cone, including all of the horizontal stabilizers and the vertical stabilizers. The engines and landing gear separated from the aircraft at the time of impact. Rescue and salvage Three cabin crew and twelve passengers were killed in the impact. Of these, four were confirmed drowned, while eleven were missing and presumed dead. Eleven passengers and the remaining six crew members were injured, while thirteen passengers reported no injuries. Thirty people survived the crash. The passengers were evenly distributed throughout the aircraft, although there was a slightly higher proportion of survivors forward than aft. The surviving three cabin crew, an off duty captain and flight attendant, evacuated the passengers onto the wings and into liferafts. When the first two life rafts were filled, they were tied together and rowed from the port wing toward the nose of the aircraft. One of the rafts scraped against a piece of metal and deflated rapidly, with its passengers falling into the water. Other passengers launched a life raft from the starboard wing, but it was also punctured. A search and rescue mission was quickly initiated by the United States Coast Guard. It took between 45 and 60 minutes before the rescue team was able to pick up the survivors. The Coast Guard stayed for hours searching for survivors. The forward part of the aircraft was towed toward Malibu Beach, where it sank. It was later raised and brought to Long Beach Terminal Island Naval Shipyard for investigation. All flight instruments were recovered. The remaining other two sections, along with the engines and landing gear, were not recovered. Investigation Because the crash took place in international waters, the investigation was carried out in accordance with the Convention on International Civil Aviation. The Government of Norway requested that the investigation be carried out by the United States' National Transportation Safety Board. The maintenance records were investigated by Norway's Aviation Accident Commission. The final report from the board was issued on July 1, 1970, after 534 days of investigation. Flight 933 was the 20th hull loss to a DC-8; it was at the time the tenth-deadliest accident of the type and remains the twentieth-deadliest. It was SAS's third fatal crash, but the airline would not experience another until the Linate Airport disaster of 2001. All navigational aid systems at LAX were controlled and found to be working at the time of the accident. The flight recorder was recovered using a remotely operated underwater vehicle and found to be intact. Flights and simulator tests were carried out by SAS, confirming that the recorded data could be simulated in an appropriate manner on schedule. As the aircraft was found airworthy and able to be flown, the bulk of the work of the investigation commission focused on operational procedures. Cause The accident was caused through a series of events which, although not in themselves sufficient to cause the crash, combined to create a breakdown in crew resource management. The flight experienced two delays (de-icing at Seattle–Tacoma and holding at Bakersfield), which along with wind speeds increased the flight time by nearly three hours. This caused the captain to consider diverting to Las Vegas. The first pilot error occurred when the first officer incorrectly set his altimeter when the descent started. The difference between his and the captain's altimeter was never noticed. Upon receiving clearance, a non-standard terminology was used by air-traffic control. As he did not have authorization to use a localizer back-course approach, the captain should have requested a different approach. Instead, the crew opted to conduct a VOR approach without informing air-traffic control. Neither pilot had carried out instrument approach and landing at runway 07R, making them less familiar with this than their commonly used Runway 25. Another factor was that the SAS aircraft was forced to operate at the lowest-permissible safe speeds while closing in on the Cessna. The commission interpreted several of these actions as taking shortcuts to avoid further delays on an already severely delayed flight. They regarded the decision to descend at 5 meters per second (1,000 fpm) as reasonable given the conditions. However, as the first officer focused on the nose gear issue, the aircraft actually experienced a descent of 10.0 meters per second (1,960 fpm) for 26 seconds, zero descent for 16 seconds and then an average descent of 8.6 meters per second (1,720 fpm) until impact. The first officer was distracted by the captain's dealings with the landing-gear issues, hindering him from primary task: flying the aircraft. The cycling of the landing gear and delay in extending the flaps made speed and altitude control more difficult. The captain also failed to inform the first officer when the flaps were fully extended. Both the landing-gear issue and the concerns regarding speed made the captain focus on the possibility of a missed approach and the major inconvenience of diverting to Las Vegas. It was the commission's impression that the captain failed to properly monitor the approach, and crew resource management broke down. He failed to give proper instructions to the first officer and failed to carry out instructions from the first officer, which moved the first officer's attention away from his task of monitoring the flight instruments. The situation was worsened by the crew attempting to fly at when the aircraft was not configured for that speed. These factors created a situation in which neither pilot was monitoring the altitude. There was also a shortcoming in the approach chart, which did not display a minimum altitude at Del Rey Intersection. This would have given the pilots an opportunity to correct the aircraft's altitude. The commission classified the accident as survivable because the impact forces varied along the fuselage. The tail-first impact was caused by the first officer's last-second attempt at raising the aircraft. Most of the fatalities resulted from people having been trapped in the sinking sections, which was caused by the collapsing of the structure after impact. The collapse was caused by the compromise of the tubular integrity, which was dependent on the keel beam that had been torn off on impact. The nose-gear light indicators were designed to be fail safe by having two separate light bulbs. This proved to be inadequate, as it was impossible to look through the cover to check whether one of the bulbs had been compromised, meaning that a failure of one bulb would not be detected until both bulbs malfunctioned. The first bulb was thus presumed to have gone inoperative some time before the day of the flight, while the second bulb broke during Flight 933. The NTSB therefore advised the Federal Aviation Administration to articulate means to avoid similar compromised fail-safe designs in the future. Both pilots had minimum-descent altitude light warnings, which were presumed to have given a visual warning, but because of the work overload, neither pilot directed his attention to these alerts. The investigation commission produced the following conclusion: Two similar accidents occurred in the following decade. Eastern Air Lines Flight 401 was a watershed incident in airline safety: on December 29, 1972, its entire flight crew became preoccupied with a burnt-out landing-gear indicator light and failed to notice that the autopilot had inadvertently been disconnected. As a result, the aircraft gradually lost altitude and eventually crashed. A similar incident occurred on December 28, 1978, when the captain of United Airlines Flight 173 was distracted by a landing-gear issue and did not heed his crewmembers' concerns about the aircraft's fuel level, resulting in an exhaustion of fuel to all engines and a subsequent crash. See also Ansett New Zealand Flight 703 Eastern Air Lines Flight 401 United Airlines Flight 266, a crash which took place not far from where Flight 933 crashed, later the same week References Bibliography Airliner accidents and incidents in California 1969 in Los Angeles 933 Aviation accidents and incidents in the United States in 1969 Airliner accidents and incidents involving controlled flight into terrain Airliner accidents and incidents caused by instrument failure Airliner accidents and incidents caused by pilot error Disasters in Los Angeles Los Angeles International Airport Accidents and incidents involving the Douglas DC-8 January 1969 events in the United States Airliner accidents and incidents involving ditching
20474097
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard%20Starcke%20House%20%28703%20Main%20Street%29
Richard Starcke House (703 Main Street)
The Richard Starcke House is a historic house located at 703 Main Street, Bastrop, Texas, United States. The house was built in 1913 by Richard Starcke, a prominent Bastrop businessman, for himself and his wife Mary. The house is a clapboard covered modified American Foursquare design with some Victorian architecture, American Craftsman and Prairie School elements incorporated. In 1931, Richard died. Mary remained in the home. Upon her death in 1961, the house passed through several owners and, in 1966, into bank foreclosure. The house was purchased at auction by Lt. Col. Johnnie Zinn and Ernestine Moncure Zinn. The house served as the Zinn's home until 1987 and entered the National Register of Historic Places on December 22, 1978. Carla and Chris Dickson subsequently purchased the house in 1994 and operated "The Colony Bed and Breakfast" until the death of Mrs. Dickson in 2005. Julie Hart and Paula Pate purchased the house in 2007 and reopened it in May, 2008 as the "Magnolia Inn Bed and Breakfast". See also National Register of Historic Places listings in Bastrop County, Texas References Houses in Bastrop County, Texas Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in Texas National Register of Historic Places in Bastrop County, Texas Houses completed in 1913 1913 establishments in Texas
23580503
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohamed%20Mahroof
Mohamed Mahroof
Mohamed Mahroof (c. 1950 – 3 December 2012) was a Sri Lankan politician, a member of the Parliament of Sri Lanka and a government minister. He was a member of the Colombo Municipal Council. References 2012 deaths Sri Lankan Muslims Members of the 11th Parliament of Sri Lanka Members of the 12th Parliament of Sri Lanka Members of the 13th Parliament of Sri Lanka Government ministers of Sri Lanka United National Party politicians Year of birth uncertain
20474107
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9rique%20Massat
Frédérique Massat
Frédérique Massat (born 14 January 1964) was a member of the National Assembly of France. She represented the Ariège department, and is a member of the Socialist, Radical, Citizen and Miscellaneous Left. References National Assembly of France profile 1964 births Living people Women members of the National Assembly (France) Deputies of the 13th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic Deputies of the 14th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic 21st-century French women politicians
17341570
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chiyoda%20Corporation
Chiyoda Corporation
is a global engineering company specialized in oil and gas midstream for gas processing and LNG, downstream refinery and petrochemicals facilities design and construction. Chiyoda is headquartered in Yokohoma, Japan with engineering offices abroad. The majority of Chiyoda's business takes place outside Japan, including the United States, Canada, Latin America, Middle East, African countries, Russia, FSU, South East Asia and Australia. History Chiyoda was established as part of Mitsubishi Oil in 1948, and was spun off from its parent and went public in 1957. In the late 1960s it built the Jeddah and Riyadh refineries in Saudi Arabia; at present its large projects include LNG plants in Qatar, the Sakhalin-II project in eastern Russia, and a variety of specialist-chemical and pharmaceutical plants in Japan itself. It was, in 2005, the first engineering company in the world to be included in the FTSE4Good index of companies with exemplary corporate social responsibility. Industries In pursuit of “Energy and Environment in Harmony”, Chiyoda is an integrated engineering enterprise. Since its establishment in 1948, Chiyoda's business field has covered energy such as oil and gas industry and chemicals, environment, energy conservation, industrial facilities and life science. Chiyoda now engages in numerous Engineering, Procurement and Construction (EPC) and other type of projects around the world. For the past several years, Chiyoda has been very active in EPC projects in Americas with its wholly owned subsidiary Chiyoda International Corporation headquartered in Houston, TX. References External links Wiki collection of company history books on Chiyoda Corporation. Engineering companies of Japan Construction and civil engineering companies of Japan Companies based in Yokohama Companies listed on the Tokyo Stock Exchange Construction and civil engineering companies established in 1948 Japanese companies established in 1948 Japanese brands
23580504
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M.%20H.%20Mohamed
M. H. Mohamed
Mohamed Haniffa Mohamed (15 June 1921 – 26 April 2016) was a Sri Lankan politician. Mohamed served as the 14th Speaker of the Parliament of Sri Lanka as well as being a former member of Parliament and government minister. Mohamed was the first Sri Lankan Moor to hold office as Mayor of Colombo from 1960 to 1962 Early life Born 15 June 1921, Mohamed was educated at Wesley College, Colombo. After completing his schooling, he joined Cargills Ltd., where he became active in trade union activities. Later he joined the family shipping firm, Nagoor Meera and Sons. His grandfather Marhoom Abdur Rahman was a member of the Legislative Council of Ceylon. Political career Mohamed entered politics having been elected to the Colombo Municipal Council from the Maligawatte Ward and served as Mayor of Colombo from 1960 to 1962. He contested the 1965 general elections as the United National Party candidate in the Borella electorate and was elected to parliament defeating the Lanka Sama Samaja Party (LSSP) candidate Vivienne Goonewardena. He lost his seat in the 1970 general elections to LSSP candidate Kusala Abhayavardhana by 16,421 votes to 15,829 votes. He was re-elected to parliament in the 1977 general elections and would retain his seat until 2010 in the consecutive elections that followed. In 1977, he was appointed to the Cabinet by J.R. Jayawardena as Minister of Transport. Role in anti-Tamil violence In the Black July pogrom of 1983, M.H Mohammed unleashed his thugs to attack Tamils in Borella. In April 1985, President J. R. Jayewardene sent M. H. Mohamed, along with his henchmen to attack Tamils in the village of Karaitivu (Ampara). Muslim youth with the support of the security forces killed several Tamils, raped several women and burned over 2000 Tamil homes, rendering 15,000 Tamils homeless. References 1921 births 2016 deaths Speakers of the Parliament of Sri Lanka Members of the 8th Parliament of Sri Lanka Members of the 9th Parliament of Sri Lanka Members of the 10th Parliament of Sri Lanka Members of the 11th Parliament of Sri Lanka Members of the 12th Parliament of Sri Lanka Members of the 13th Parliament of Sri Lanka Transport ministers of Sri Lanka Mayors of Colombo United National Party politicians United People's Freedom Alliance politicians Labour ministers of Sri Lanka Sri Lankan Muslims Housing ministers of Sri Lanka
23580505
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industry%20and%20Railway%20Park%20Fond-de-Gras
Industry and Railway Park Fond-de-Gras
The Minett Park Fond-de-Gras is an open-air museum including Fond-de-Gras, the village of Lasauvage, the former open-pit mine "Giele Botter" and the Celtic oppidum of Titelberg. Thanks to its wide thematic variety, the Minett Park offers many complementary activities, the red wire of which is iron ore. It is located in the south of Luxembourg. A little history The iron ore located in the south of Luxembourg is part of the largest European deposit, with an area of nearly 110,000 hectares. However, only 3,700 hectares were in the territory of Luxembourg. Most of the deposit was located in France (Lorraine). Historically, the Fond-de-Gras was one of the most important mining centres in Luxembourg. A few years after the closure of the last mine at the Fond-de-Gras in 1964, a few volunteers worked to preserve part of the railway line with the aim of operating a tourist train on the line. The first train ran in 1973. Fond-de-Gras Today, at the Fond-de-Gras, several historic buildings have been preserved: an electric power station, old grocery store, rolling mill train, railway station and railway sheds, testifying to the mining activity that took place there for nearly a century. Two historic trains still circulate : Train 1900 The Train 1900 runs between Pétange and Fond-de-Gras, on the former "Mining Line". The train line was opened in 1874 in order to transport the iron ore extracted from neighbouring mines. A truly unique experience in Luxembourg and the Greater Region - step back in time with the Train 1900 . Minièresbunn Back when the mines were operational, mining trains were vital for removing the iron ore carriages from the mine. At present, the Minièresbunn runs between Fond-de-Gras and Lasauvage and offers a sensational experience when visiting the bottom of the mine. Lasauvage One of the oldest iron and steel facilities in Luxembourg was located in Lasauvage: a forge built around 1625. The village experienced spectacular growth owing to the Count of Saintignon. This French industrialist at the time owned mines in Lasauvage and built many buildings in the village: houses for the workers, a church, village hall, etc. Many of these buildings are still standing today and bestow the village with exceptional charm. 3 galleries and museums are in Lasauvage : - The miner's old changing room, the Salle des Pendus - The museum Eugène Pesch showcases a collection of fossils, minerals and old mining tools - The Espace Muséologique de Lasauvage is dedicated to the village's history and to a group of young people, who had to hide in a mine, in order to avoid the Wehrmacht's uniform during World War II. Nature and archaeology The Minett Park Fond-de-Gras extends between green valleys, plateaus bathed in sunlight and vast forests, making it the ideal destination for breathtaking walks. This lays to rest the notion that the south of Luxembourg was ruined by its industrial past. A large-scale open-cast mine, the Giele Botter has been transformed into a hundred hectare nature reserve that is being reclaimed by the flora and fauna. At the time of the Celts, the site of Titelberg played a major role due to an important oppidum erected in the first century BC. The excavations carried out at Titelberg testify that it was the capital of the Treviri tribe. Draisines - Rail-Bike 6 draisines (4 seat rail bikes) are circulating on the track linking the Fond-de-Gras with the Bois-de-Rodange. See also List of museums in Luxembourg External links Minett Park Fond-de-Gras Museums in Luxembourg Buildings and structures in Pétange Rail transport preservation in Luxembourg
23580509
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohamed%20Musthaffa
Mohamed Musthaffa
Meera Mohideen Mohamed Musthaffa is a Sri Lankan politician, a former member of the Parliament of Sri Lanka and a former government minister. Musthaffa stood as an independent candidate in the 2010 presidential election and came 17th out of 22 candidates after receiving 3,134 votes (0.03%). References Year of birth missing (living people) Living people Candidates in the 2010 Sri Lankan presidential election Members of the 12th Parliament of Sri Lanka Members of the 13th Parliament of Sri Lanka Government ministers of Sri Lanka United National Party politicians United People's Freedom Alliance politicians Sri Lankan Muslims
20474118
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege%20of%20Halicarnassus
Siege of Halicarnassus
The siege of Halicarnassus was fought between Alexander the Great and the Achaemenid Persian Empire in 334 BC. Alexander, who had no navy, was constantly being threatened by the Persian navy. It continuously attempted to provoke an engagement with Alexander, who would not oblige them. Eventually, the Persian fleet sailed to Halicarnassus, in order to establish a new defense. Ada of Caria, the former queen of Halicarnassus, had been driven from her throne by her younger brother Pixodarus of Caria. When Pixodarus died, Persian King Darius had appointed Orontobates satrap of Caria, which included Halicarnassus in its jurisdiction. On the arrival of Alexander in 334 BC, Ada, who was in possession of the fortress of Alinda, surrendered the fortress to him. Orontobates and Memnon of Rhodes entrenched themselves in Halicarnassus. Alexander had sent spies to meet with dissidents inside the city, who had promised to open the gates and allow Alexander to enter. When his spies arrived, however, the dissidents were nowhere to be found. A small battle resulted, and Alexander's army managed to break through the city walls. Memnon, however, now deployed his catapults, and Alexander's army fell back. Memnon then deployed his infantry, and shortly before Alexander would have received his first defeat, his infantry managed to break through the city walls, surprising the Persian forces. Memnon, realizing the city was lost, set fire to it and withdrew with his army. Strong winds caused the fire to destroy much of the city. Alexander committed the government of Caria to Ada; and she, in turn, formally adopted Alexander as her son, ensuring that the rule of Caria passed unconditionally to him upon her eventual death. During her husband's tenure as satrap, Ada had been loved by the people of Caria. By putting Ada, who felt very favorably towards Alexander, on the throne, he ensured that the government of Caria, as well as its people, remained loyal to him. Sources Cartledge, Paul. Alexander the Great: The Hunt for a New Past. Woodstock, NY; New York: The Overlook Press, 2004 (hardcover, ); London: PanMacmillan, 2004 (hardcover, ); New York: Vintage, 2005 (paperback, ). Halicarnassus Halicarnassus 334 BC History of Muğla Province 330s BC conflicts Bodrum Halicarnassus
20474120
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J.%20H.%20A.%20Tremenheere
J. H. A. Tremenheere
James Henry Apperley Tremenheere (30 October 1853 – 28 October 1912) was an Indian-born English colonial official and cricketer. His report recommended that the British government should allot lands for the Scheduled Castes to overcome the social discrimination they faced. These lands were later identified as Depressed Class condition lands (பஞ்சமி நிலம்). Life He was the son of Charles William Tremenheere. He was born in Poona, and educated in England at Lancing College, where he played cricket for the school. He passed the entry examination for the Indian Civil Service in 1873, and completed his training in 1875. He arrived in India in November 1875, and worked first in Madras. He was moved to Mysore in 1883, but was later returned to Madras. In 1891 Tremenheere was Collector for Chingleput, and reported on the depressed castes, at a time of local famine. He described the poor condition of a group of Paraiyars at Senneri. He suggested improving their position with respect to land ownership. He took into account the report of his predecessor, Lee Warner, and attributed the social problem he met to the mirasi system. The report's conclusions, however, were resisted by the Board of Revenue. Tremenheere became Collector and magistrate at Kistna in 1894. He was appointed Collector for the Niligris in 1896. Tremenheere retired in 1901. He died in Scotland, at Inglismaldie Castle in Edzell and was buried in Brookwood Cemetery in Surrey. Cricket J.H.A. Tremenheere was a right-handed batsman and a right-arm round-arm medium pace bowler who played for Gloucestershire. He made a single first-class appearance, during the 1872 season, aged just 18, against Surrey. From the lower order, he scored 7 runs in the only innings in which he batted, as his team secured a win by an innings margin. Works The Lesbia of Catullus (1897), translator Family Tremenheere married Jessie Retallack van Anken. Notes 1853 births 1912 deaths English cricketers Gloucestershire cricketers Indian Civil Service (British India) officers Burials at Brookwood Cemetery
17341573
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wrestling%20at%20the%201920%20Summer%20Olympics%20%E2%80%93%20Men%27s%20Greco-Roman%20heavyweight
Wrestling at the 1920 Summer Olympics – Men's Greco-Roman heavyweight
The men's Greco-Roman heavyweight was a Greco-Roman wrestling event held as part of the Wrestling at the 1920 Summer Olympics programme. It was the third appearance of the event. Heavyweight was the heaviest category, including wrestlers weighing over 82.5 kilograms. A total of 19 wrestlers from 12 nations competed in the event, which was held from August 17 to August 20, 1920. Results Gold medal round Silver medal round Bronze medal round References External links Wrestling at the 1920 Summer Olympics Greco-Roman wrestling
17341589
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles%20Tillinghast%20House
Charles Tillinghast House
The Charles Tillinghast House was an historic house at 243-245 Thames Street in downtown Newport, Rhode Island. It was a -story timber-frame structure, with a side-gable roof. Built c. 1710–20, it was one of the oldest buildings in the city. It was probably built by Charles Tillinghast, whose family was among the founders of Rhode Island. The house had a distinctive cove-shaped plaster cornice, typically only found on houses of this period. It was one of the first houses to be built on Thames Street. The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1972. It was demolished shortly thereafter to make way for an extension of America's Cup Highway to Memorial Boulevard. See also National Register of Historic Places listings in Newport County, Rhode Island References Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in Rhode Island Houses in Newport, Rhode Island National Register of Historic Places in Newport, Rhode Island Historic district contributing properties in Rhode Island
20474185
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yellagonga%20Regional%20Park
Yellagonga Regional Park
Yellagonga Regional Park is in Perth, Western Australia, in the City of Wanneroo and the City of Joondalup. The park was established in 1989 by the Western Australian government and protects of land, including of Wanneroo wetlands – including Lake Joondalup, Beenup Swamp, Walluburnup Swamp and Lake Goollelal. The park contains heritage buildings, including Perry's Cottage, Cockman House and Luisini Winery, and recreation areas such as Neil Hawkins Park. It is named after Yellagonga, leader of the Mooro people. History Under the Perth Metropolitan Region Scheme, much of the park's area was reserved in 1975. The park was named Yellagonga Regional Park in 1990, in honour of the regional Whadjuk Noongar leader during European settlement, Yellagonga. For local Aboriginal people the area forms part of their Dreaming. The site also has historical significance related to the development of the City of Wanneroo. Geography and species Yellagonga Regional Park consists of high elevation sloping dunes, separated by interdunal swales that contain the park's lakes and wetlands. The western side of the park is quite steep, with a central plateau of up to elevation. The eastern and southern parts of the park have a gentler slope towards Lake Goollelal and Walluburnup Swamp. In 1996, the Department of Environmental Protection identified 217 species of flora, including 103 introduced species. The park has no recorded species of Declared Rare Flora but does have significant species, such as Jacksonia sericea, Conostylis bracteata, Hibbertia cuneiformis, Amyema miquelii, Lechenaultia linarioides and Ricinocarpus glaucus. Over 120 bird species have been recorded in the park, with 18 species using the park for breeding grounds. A number of the recorded species are migratory birds recognised under international agreements. Three species of birds found in the park (Carnaby's cockatoo, Australasian bittern and peregrine falcon) are protected under the Wildlife Conservation Act 1950. The impact of humans on Yellagonga National Park is extensive in areas. Many areas were previously used for farming and these are still being rehabilitated. The grassed parkland areas have led to the invasion of natural areas by aggressive introduced grass species, and weeds are also an issue. Development of roads, utilities (such as power lines and drainage outlets) and service corridors has degraded the natural landscape. Erosion is also a problem in areas, caused by tracks and pathways created by pedestrians in unsuitable locations such as slopes. Historical significance The park contains three locations listed on the Western Australian Heritage Register: Perry's Paddock, Cockman House and Luisini Winery. Two native title claims have also been made on areas of the park by Aboriginal Australians. Perry's Paddock, at Lot 1 Ocean Reef Road, is a registered heritage site. Land tenure is held by the Western Australian Planning Commission and it is part of the City of Wanneroo. Perry's Paddock is notable because it is the location of Wanneroo's first land grant, surveyed in 1838, and Picnic Race Days were held at the site in the 1920s. Perry's Cottage was built around 1850 and is an example of a building based on an English design adapted to local conditions. The cottage was restored in 2012. The paddock used to contain the original Wanneroo Primary School building. This was moved to the site by the City of Wanneroo in 1992 as part of a planned historical village that did not go ahead. In 2007 the City of Wanneroo approved moving the school building to Neville Park at a cost of approximately $250,000, after concerns about bushfires at Yellagonga Regional Park. The move was completed on 10 March 2009. Cockman House is a house built for settler James Cockman around 1870, and it is the oldest residence in Wanneroo. Luisini Winery, located on Lakeway Drive in Kingsley, was built in 1929. There are two heritage trails within Yellagonga Regional Park, the Lake Joondalup Trail and the Yaberoo-Budjara Heritage Trail. The Lake Joondalup Trail explores the development of Wanneroo, and the Yaberoo-Budjara Trail between Lake Joondalup and Yanchep National Park explores areas of significance to Aboriginal Australians and European settlement. Development There have been ongoing proposals for developments in Yellagonga Regional Park. The City of Joondalup and the City of Wanneroo commissioned a feasibility study for an environment centre at the park in 2007. The study recommended the environment centre's placement at Lot 1 Lakeside Drive, Joondalup or Scenic Drive, Wanneroo. The City of Joondalup called for additional consultation and studies in March 2008, particularly on the financing the construction and running of the environment centre and its education programs. The National Trust has proposed redeveloping Luisini Winery to create a museum of early winemaking and wine appreciation. Their proposal, which also includes a restaurant, environment centre and car park, was approved by the City of Joondalup on 27 March 2007. The park was allocated funds by the Department of Environment and Conservation in September 2008 to build roads, a shelter, and bicycle and pedestrian paths. References External links Parks and Wildlife Service: Yellagonga Regional Park Heritage places of Western Australia Joondalup Wanneroo wetlands 1989 establishments in Australia Parks in Perth, Western Australia Regional parks in Western Australia
20474244
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leech%20Maskrey
Leech Maskrey
Samuel Leech Maskrey (February 11, 1854 – April 1, 1922) was an American outfielder in Major League Baseball. He played five seasons in the majors, from 1882 to 1886, for the Louisville Eclipse/Colonels and Cincinnati Red Stockings. His brother, Harry Maskrey, was his teammate on the 1882 Eclipse. After spending the 1887 to 1889 seasons playing minor league baseball, Maskrey was part of a contingent sent to England in 1890 by Albert Spalding at the behest of the newly-formed professional National League of Baseball of Great Britain. This organization had sent a letter to the American Spalding requesting help in establishing a league. They requested eight to ten players to coach and convert the existing players (whose primary game was usually soccer). Spalding sent a skilled manager, Jim Hart, along with players Maskrey, William J. Barr, Charles Bartlett, and J. E. Prior. Maskrey was the only one of the players who had played in the majors to that point, and he stayed there for one season as a player-manager of Preston North End. Following his sojourn in England, Maskrey returned to the U.S. minor leagues in 1891, where he played for the Tacoma team in the Pacific Northwestern League. After spending the 1892 season with the Atlanta Firecrackers of the Southern Association, part of which he spent as a player-manager, he retired and went into the hotel business with his brother Harry. References External links 1854 births 1922 deaths 19th-century baseball players Major League Baseball outfielders Louisville Eclipse players Louisville Colonels players Cincinnati Red Stockings (AA) players Topeka Capitals players Milwaukee Cream Citys players Milwaukee Brewers (minor league) players Des Moines Prohibitionists players Atlanta Firecrackers players Baseball players from Pennsylvania People from Mercer, Pennsylvania
20474314
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hudson%27s%20Bay%20Trading%20Company
Hudson's Bay Trading Company
Hudson's Bay Trading Company, L.P. was an American portfolio company for NRDC Equity Partners, a private equity company. Hudson's Bay Trading Company was founded in 2008. NRDC Equity Partners was founded by Robert Baker and Richard Baker of National Realty and Development Corp., and William Mack and Lee Neibart of AREA Property Partners. Richard Baker served as President CEO of NRDC Equity Partners. On January 23, 2012, The Financial Post reported that Baker had dissolved Hudson’s Bay Trading Co., and Toronto-based Hudson's Bay Company will now operate both The Bay and Lord & Taylor. This new entity will be run by The Bay CEO Bonnie Brooks. CEO Brendan Hoffman will leave Lord & Taylor and take over as CEO at the department store chain Bon Ton. Baker will remain governor and CEO of the business and Donald Watros will stay on as chief operating officer. Assets Canada Hudson's Bay Company, a Canadian retail company consisting of: The Bay, a high-end department store chain Zellers, a mass-market department store Home Outfitters, a home decor retailer Fields, a variety store chain United States Lord & Taylor, a high-end department store chain References External links NRDC Equity Partners National Realty & Development Corp. AREA Property Partners Lord & Taylor Hbc Department Stores Hudson's Bay Company Retail companies established in 2008 Retail companies disestablished in 2012 Retail companies based in New York City Holding companies of Canada Holding companies established in 2008 Holding companies disestablished in 2012 Holding companies of the United States
20474364
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panamanian%20night%20monkey
Panamanian night monkey
The Panamanian night monkey or Chocoan night monkey (Aotus zonalis) is a species of night monkey formerly considered a subspecies of the gray-bellied night monkey of the family Aotidae. Its range consists of Panama and the Chocó region of Colombia. There are also unconfirmed reports of its occurrence in Costa Rica, especially on the Caribbean coast of Costa Rica. The species definitely occurs in the Atlantic lowlands of Panama close to the Costa Rica border. The exact classification of the Panamanian Night Monkey is uncertain. While some authors consider it a subspecies of the gray-bellied night monkey, A. lemurinus, other authors follow a study by Thomas Defler from 2001, which concluded that it is a separate species, A. zonalis. The Panamanian night monkey is a relatively small monkey, with males weighing approximately and females weighing about . The fur on the back ranges from grayish brown to reddish brown. The belly is yellow. The hair on the back of the hands and feet is black or dark brown, which is a key distinguishing feature from other northern "gray-necked" Aotus species; also, its hair is shorter. Other distinguishing features relate to its skull, which has a broad braincase, a depressed interorbital region, and large molariform teeth. Like other night monkeys, the Panamanian night monkey has large eyes, befitting its nocturnal lifestyle. But unlike many nocturnal animal species, its eyes do not have a tapetum lucidum. Also like other night monkeys, it has a short tail relative to the body size. The Panamanian night monkey is arboreal and nocturnal. It and the other members of the genus Aotus are the only nocturnal monkeys. It is found in several types of forest, including secondary forest and coffee plantations. It lives in small groups of between two and six monkeys, consisting of an adult pair and one infant and several juveniles and/or subadults. Groups are territorial, and groups occupy ranges that overlap only slightly. Vocal, olfactory and behavioral forms of communication have all been recorded. At least nine vocal calls have been reported, including various types of grunts, screams, squeals, moans and trills. Males develop a scent gland near their tail at the age of about one year that is used for scent marking. Urine washing, in which urine is rubbed on the hands and feet, is also used. Behavioral communication appears to be less important than vocal and olfactory communication, but certain behavioral displays, including arched back displays, stiff legged jumping, urination, defecation and piloerection have been noted. The Panamanian night monkey generally walks on all four legs, although it is capable of leaping or running when necessary. It eats a variety of foods. In one study, on Barro Colorado Island in Panama, its diet was found to consist of 65% fruits, 30% leaves and 5% insects. In common with other night monkeys, the Panamanian night monkey is one of the few monogamous monkeys. The monogamous pair generally gives birth to a single infant each year, although twins occasionally occur. The gestation period is about 133 days. The father carries the infant from the time it is one or two days old, passing it to the mother for nursing. Although viewing monkeys is popular with tourists visiting Panama, the Panamanian night monkey's nocturnal habits make it less often seen than the other Panamanian monkey species. However, with a skilled guide it is possible to observe the Panamanian night monkey. References Panamanian night monkey Mammals of Colombia Primates of Central America Primates of North America Panamanian night monkey
20474388
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lax%E2%80%93Friedrichs%20method
Lax–Friedrichs method
The Lax–Friedrichs method, named after Peter Lax and Kurt O. Friedrichs, is a numerical method for the solution of hyperbolic partial differential equations based on finite differences. The method can be described as the FTCS (forward in time, centered in space) scheme with a numerical dissipation term of 1/2. One can view the Lax–Friedrichs method as an alternative to Godunov's scheme, where one avoids solving a Riemann problem at each cell interface, at the expense of adding artificial viscosity. Illustration for a Linear Problem Consider a one-dimensional, linear hyperbolic partial differential equation for of the form: on the domain with initial condition and the boundary conditions If one discretizes the domain to a grid with equally spaced points with a spacing of in the -direction and in the -direction, we define where are integers representing the number of grid intervals. Then the Lax–Friedrichs method for solving the above partial differential equation is given by: Or, rewriting this to solve for the unknown Where the initial values and boundary nodes are taken from Extensions to Nonlinear Problems A nonlinear hyperbolic conservation law is defined through a flux function : In the case of , we end up with a scalar linear problem. Note that in general, is a vector with equations in it. The generalization of the Lax-Friedrichs method to nonlinear systems takes the form This method is conservative and first order accurate, hence quite dissipative. It can, however be used as a building block for building high-order numerical schemes for solving hyperbolic partial differential equations, much like Euler time steps can be used as a building block for creating high-order numerical integrators for ordinary differential equations. We note that this method can be written in conservation form: where Without the extra terms and in the discrete flux, , one ends up with the FTCS scheme, which is well known to be unconditionally unstable for hyperbolic problems. Stability and accuracy This method is explicit and first order accurate in time and first order accurate in space ( provided are sufficiently-smooth functions. Under these conditions, the method is stable if and only if the following condition is satisfied: (A von Neumann stability analysis can show the necessity of this stability condition.) The Lax–Friedrichs method is classified as having second-order dissipation and third order dispersion . For functions that have discontinuities, the scheme displays strong dissipation and dispersion ; see figures at right. References . . . Numerical differential equations Computational fluid dynamics
20474397
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George%20Quentin%20%28cricketer%29
George Quentin (cricketer)
George Augustus Frederick Quentin (3 November 1848 — 6 May 1928) was an Indian-born English cricketer. He was a right-handed batsman and a right-arm round-arm bowler who played for Gloucestershire. He was born in Kirkee, became an Anglican priest, and died in St. Leonards-on-Sea. Life He was the eldest son of George Augustus Frederick Quentin of the 10th Hussars and Kirkee (son of Sir George Quentin), and his wife Anne Medlycott. Educated at Shrewsbury School, he graduated B.A. at St. John's College, Oxford in 1872. He was ordained in 1877, and became rector of Shipdham in Norfolk in 1884. Cricket Quentin made a single first-class appearance for the side, during the 1874 season, against Yorkshire. From the lower-middle order, he scored 22 runs in the only innings in which he batted, becoming one of future England Test cricketer George Ulyett's five wickets. References External links George Quentin at Cricket Archive 1848 births 1928 deaths 19th-century English Anglican priests 20th-century English Anglican priests English cricketers Gloucestershire cricketers People from Pune district People educated at Shrewsbury School Alumni of St John's College, Oxford People from Shipdham
20474419
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ken%20Rutherford
Ken Rutherford
Ken Rutherford may refer to: Ken Rutherford (political scientist) (born 1962), co-founder of the Landmine Survivors Network; political science researcher Ken Rutherford (cricketer) (born 1965), New Zealand cricketer
20474498
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/456th%20Fighter-Interceptor%20Squadron
456th Fighter-Interceptor Squadron
The 456th Fighter-Interceptor Squadron is an inactive United States Air Force unit. Its last assignment was with the Air Defense Command San Francisco Air Defense Sector stationed at Oxnard Air Force Base, California. It was inactivated on 18 July 1968. History World War II It was established in late 1944 as a very long range Republic P-47N Thunderbolt fighter squadron. It trained under III Fighter Command. The 456th was deployed to Pacific Theater of Operations, and assigned to XXI Bomber Command as a long-range escort squadron for B-29 Superfortress bombers engaged in the strategic bombardment of Japan, based on Iwo Jima. After the Japanese capitulation, it was moved to Luzon where the squadron was demobilized; the P-47Ns were returned to storage depots in the United States. It was inactivated as a paper unit in 1946. Cold War Air Defense It was reactivated in 1954 under Air Defense Command as an air defense interceptor squadron, and stationed at Truax Field, Wisconsin for the air defense of the Great Lakes. It was equipped with North American F-86D Sabres. In August 1955 the unit was inactivated, and was reactivated at Castle Air Force Base, California in October 1955 with North American F-86D Sabres. In 1957 it began re-equipping with the North American North American F-86L Sabre, an improved version of the F-86D which incorporated the Semi Automatic Ground Environment, or SAGE computer-controlled direction system for intercepts. The service of the F-86L was brief, since by the time the last F-86L conversion was delivered, the type was already being phased out in favor of supersonic interceptors. The squadron upgraded in June 1958 into supersonic Convair F-102A Delta Daggers. In September 1959 it received Convair F-106 Delta Darts. On 22 October 1962, before President John F. Kennedy told Americans that missiles were in place in Cuba, the squadron dispersed one third of its force, equipped with nuclear tipped missiles to Fresno Air Terminal at the start of the Cuban Missile Crisis. These planes returned to Castle after the crisis. The squadron moved to Oxnard Air Force Base, California on 18 July 1968 and was inactivated the same day, transferring its mission, personnel and equipment to the 437th Fighter-Interceptor Squadron. Lineage Constituted as the 456th Fighter Squadron on 5 October 1944 Activated on 15 October 1944 Inactivated on 25 August 1946 Redesignated 456th Fighter-Interceptor Squadron on 23 March 1953 Activated on 8 August 1954 Inactivated on 18 August 1955 Activated on 18 October 1955 Inactivated on 18 July 1968 Assignments 414th Fighter Group, 15 October 1944 – 25 August 1946 520th Air Defense Group, 8 August 1954 – 18 August 1955 28th Air Division, 18 October 1955 San Francisco Air Defense Sector, 1 July 1960 – 18 July 1968 Stations Seymour Johnson Field, North Carolina, 15 October 1944 Selfridge Field, Michigan, 21 November 1944 Bluethenthal Field, North Carolina, 19 March – 5 June 1945 North Field, Iwo Jima, 7 July 1945 Clark Field, Luzon, Philippines, 23 December 1945 Floridablanca Airfield, Luzon, Philippines, unknown-25 August 1946 Truax Field, Wisconsin, 8 August 1954 – 18 August 1955 Castle Air Force Base, California, 18 October 1955 – 18 July 1968 Oxnard Air Force Base, California, 18 July 1968 Aircraft Republic P-47 Thunderbolt, 1944–1946 North American F-86D Sabre, 1954–1955; 1955–1957 North American F-86L Sabre, 1957–1958 Convair F-102 Delta Dagger, 1958–1959 Convair F-106 Delta Dart, 1959–1968 References Notes Explanatory notes Citations Bibliography – Formerly Confidential, declassified 22 March 2000. – Formerly Top Secret NOFORN, declassified 9 March 1996. External links The 456th Fighter Interceptor Squadron at 456FIS.org Fighter squadrons of the United States Air Force Aerospace Defense Command units
23580511
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/20th-century%20Western%20painting
20th-century Western painting
20th-century Western painting begins with the heritage of late-19th-century painters Vincent van Gogh, Paul Cézanne, Paul Gauguin, Georges Seurat, Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec, and others who were essential for the development of modern art. At the beginning of the 20th century, Henri Matisse and several other young artists including the pre-cubist Georges Braque, André Derain, Raoul Dufy and Maurice de Vlaminck, revolutionized the Paris art world with "wild", multi-colored, expressive landscapes and figure paintings that the critics called Fauvism. Matisse's second version of The Dance signified a key point in his career and in the development of modern painting. It reflected Matisse's incipient fascination with primitive art: the intense warm color of the figures against the cool blue-green background and the rhythmical succession of the dancing nudes convey the feelings of emotional liberation and hedonism. Initially influenced by Toulouse-Lautrec, Gauguin, and other late-19th-century innovators, Pablo Picasso made his first cubist paintings based on Cézanne's idea that all depiction of nature can be reduced to three solids: cube, sphere, and cone. With the painting Les Demoiselles d'Avignon (1907; see gallery) Picasso created a new and radical picture depicting a raw and primitive brothel scene with five prostitutes, violently painted women, reminiscent of African tribal masks and his own new proto-Cubist inventions. Analytic cubism, exemplified by Violin and Candlestick, Paris, was jointly developed by Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque from about 1908 through 1912. Analytic cubism was followed by Synthetic cubism, characterized by the introduction of different textures, surfaces, collage elements, papier collé and a large variety of merged subject matter. Crystal Cubism was a distilled form of Cubism consistent with a shift between 1915 and 1916 towards a strong emphasis on flat surface activity and large overlapping geometric planes, practised by Braque, Picasso, Jean Metzinger, Albert Gleizes, Juan Gris, Diego Rivera, Henri Laurens, Jacques Lipchitz, Alexander Archipenko, Fernand Léger, and several other artists into the 1920s. During the years between 1910 and the end of World War I and after the heyday of cubism, several movements emerged in Paris. Giorgio de Chirico moved to Paris in July 1911, where he joined his brother Andrea (the poet and painter known as Alberto Savinio). Through his brother he met Pierre Laprade, a member of the jury at the Salon d'Automne, where he exhibited three of his dreamlike works: Enigma of the Oracle, Enigma of an Afternoon and Self-Portrait. During 1913 he exhibited his work at the Salon des Indépendants and Salon d’Automne, where his work was noticed by Pablo Picasso, Guillaume Apollinaire, and others. His compelling and mysterious paintings are considered instrumental to the early beginnings of Surrealism. Song of Love (1914) is one of the most famous works by de Chirico and is an early example of the surrealist style, though it was painted ten years before the movement was "founded" by André Breton in 1924. In the first two decades of the 20th century, as Cubism evolved, several other important movements emerged; Futurism (Giacomo Balla), Abstract art (Wassily Kandinsky), Der Blaue Reiter (Kandinsky and Franz Marc), Bauhaus (Kandinsky and Paul Klee), Orphism, (Robert Delaunay and František Kupka), Synchromism (Morgan Russell and Stanton Macdonald-Wright), De Stijl (Theo van Doesburg and Piet Mondrian), Suprematism (Kazimir Malevich), Constructivism (Vladimir Tatlin), Dadaism (Marcel Duchamp, Picabia and Jean Arp), and Surrealism (Giorgio de Chirico, André Breton, Joan Miró, René Magritte, Salvador Dalí and Max Ernst). Modern painting influenced all the visual arts, from Modernist architecture and design, to avant-garde film, theatre and modern dance, and became an experimental laboratory for the expression of visual experience, from photography and concrete poetry to advertising art and fashion. Van Gogh's paintings exerted great influence upon 20th-century Expressionism, as can be seen in the work of the Fauves, Die Brücke (a group led by German painter Ernst Kirchner), and the Expressionism of Edvard Munch, Egon Schiele, Marc Chagall, Amedeo Modigliani, Chaïm Soutine, and others. Early 20th century Pioneers of abstraction Wassily Kandinsky, a Russian painter, printmaker and art theorist, is generally considered the first important painter of modern abstract art. As an early modernist, in search of new modes of visual expression, and spiritual expression, he theorized—as did contemporary occultists and theosophists—that pure visual abstraction had corollary vibrations with sound and music. They posited that pure abstraction could express pure spirituality. His earliest abstractions were generally titled (as the example in the above gallery) Composition VII, making connection to the work of the composers of music. Kandinsky included many of his theories about abstract art in his book Concerning the Spiritual in Art. Piet Mondrian's art was also related to his spiritual and philosophical studies. In 1908 he became interested in the theosophical movement launched by Helena Petrovna Blavatsky in the late 19th century. Blavatsky believed that it was possible to attain a knowledge of nature more profound than that provided by empirical means, and much of Mondrian's work for the rest of his life was inspired by his search for that spiritual knowledge. Other major pioneers of early abstraction include Swedish painter Hilma af Klint, Russian painter Kazimir Malevich, and Swiss painter Paul Klee. Robert Delaunay was a French artist who is associated with Orphism, (reminiscent of a link between pure abstraction and cubism). His later works were more abstract, reminiscent of Paul Klee. His key contributions to abstract painting refer to his bold use of color, and a clear love of experimentation of both depth and tone. At the invitation of Kandinsky, Delaunay and his wife the artist Sonia Delaunay, joined The Blue Rider (Der Blaue Reiter), a Munich-based group of abstract artists, in 1911, and his art took a turn to the abstract. Still other important pioneers of abstract painting include Czech painter, František Kupka as well as American artists Stanton Macdonald-Wright and Morgan Russell who, in 1912, founded Synchromism, an art movement that closely resembles Orphism. Fauvism, Der Blaue Reiter, Die Brücke Les Fauves (French for The Wild Beasts) were early-20th-century painters, experimenting with freedom of expression through color. The name was given, humorously and not as a compliment, to the group by art critic Louis Vauxcelles. Fauvism was a short-lived and loose grouping of artists whose works emphasized painterly qualities and the imaginative use of deep color over the representational values. Fauvists made the subject of the painting easy to read and exaggerated perspectives. A prescient prediction of the Fauves was expressed in 1888 by Paul Gauguin to Paul Sérusier: "How do you see these trees? They are yellow. So, put in yellow; this shadow, rather blue, paint it with pure ultramarine; these red leaves? Put in vermilion." The leaders of the movement were Henri Matisse and André Derain—friendly rivals of a sort, each with his own followers. Ultimately Matisse became the yang to Picasso's yin in the 20th century. Fauvist painters included Albert Marquet, Charles Camoin, Maurice de Vlaminck, Raoul Dufy, Othon Friesz, the Dutch painter Kees van Dongen, and Picasso's partner in Cubism, Georges Braque amongst others. Fauvism, as a movement, had no concrete theories, and was short lived, beginning in 1905 and ending in 1907. The Fauves had only three exhibitions. Matisse was seen as the leader of the movement, due to his seniority in age and prior self-establishment in the academic art world. His 1905 portrait of Mme. Matisse, The Green Line (above), caused a sensation in Paris when it was first exhibited. He said he wanted to create art to delight; art as a decoration was his purpose and it can be said that his use of bright colors tries to maintain serenity of composition. In 1906 at the suggestion of his dealer Ambroise Vollard, André Derain went to London and produced a series of paintings like Charing Cross Bridge, London (above) in the Fauvist style, paraphrasing the famous series by the Impressionist painter Claude Monet. By 1907 Fauvism no longer was a shocking new movement, soon it was replaced by Cubism on the critics radar screen as the latest new development in Contemporary Art of the time. In 1907 Apollinaire, commenting about Matisse in an article published in La Falange, said, "We are not here in the presence of an extravagant or an extremist undertaking: Matisse's art is eminently reasonable." Der Blaue Reiter was a German movement lasting from 1911 to 1914, fundamental to Expressionism, along with Die Brücke, a group of German expressionist artists formed in Dresden in 1905. Founding members of Die Brücke were Fritz Bleyl, Erich Heckel, Ernst Ludwig Kirchner and Karl Schmidt-Rottluff. Later members included Max Pechstein, Otto Mueller and others. This was a seminal group, which in due course had a major impact on the evolution of modern art in the 20th century and created the style of Expressionism. Wassily Kandinsky, Franz Marc, August Macke, Alexej von Jawlensky, whose psychically expressive painting of the Russian dancer Portrait of Alexander Sakharoff, 1909 is in the gallery above, Marianne von Werefkin, Lyonel Feininger and others founded the Der Blaue Reiter group in response to the rejection of Kandinsky's painting Last Judgement from an exhibition. Der Blaue Reiter lacked a central artistic manifesto, but was centered around Kandinsky and Marc. Artists Gabriele Münter and Paul Klee were also involved. The name of the movement comes from a painting by Kandinsky created in 1903. It is also claimed that the name could have derived from Marc's enthusiasm for horses and Kandinsky's love of the colour blue. For Kandinsky, blue is the colour of spirituality: the darker the blue, the more it awakens human desire for the eternal. Expressionism, Symbolism, American Modernism, Bauhaus Expressionism and Symbolism are broad rubrics encompassing several important and related movements in 20th-century painting that dominated much of the avant-garde art being made in Western, Eastern, and Northern Europe. Expressionist works were painted largely between World War I and World War II, mostly in France, Germany, Norway, Russia, Belgium, and Austria. Expressionist styles are related to those of both Surrealism and Symbolism and are each uniquely and somewhat eccentrically personal. Fauvism, Die Brücke, and Der Blaue Reiter are three of the best known groups of Expressionist and Symbolist painters. Artists as interesting and diverse as Marc Chagall, whose painting I and the Village, (above) tells an autobiographical story that examines the relationship between the artist and his origins, with a lexicon of artistic Symbolism. Gustav Klimt, Egon Schiele, Edvard Munch, Emil Nolde, Chaïm Soutine, James Ensor, Oskar Kokoschka, Ernst Ludwig Kirchner, Yitzhak Frenkel Frenel, Max Beckmann, Franz Marc, Käthe Schmidt Kollwitz, Georges Rouault, Amedeo Modigliani and some of the Americans abroad like Marsden Hartley, and Stuart Davis, were considered influential expressionist painters. Although Alberto Giacometti is primarily thought of as an intense Surrealist sculptor, he made intense expressionist paintings as well. In the USA during the period between World War I and World War II painters tended to go to Europe for recognition. Modernist artists like Marsden Hartley, Patrick Henry Bruce, Gerald Murphy and Stuart Davis, created reputations abroad. While Patrick Henry Bruce, created cubist related paintings in Europe, both Stuart Davis and Gerald Murphy made paintings that were early inspirations for American pop art and Marsden Hartley experimented with expressionism. During the 1920s photographer Alfred Stieglitz exhibited Georgia O'Keeffe, Arthur Dove, Alfred Henry Maurer, Charles Demuth, John Marin and other artists including European Masters Henri Matisse, Auguste Rodin, Henri Rousseau, Paul Cézanne, and Pablo Picasso, at his New York City gallery the 291. In Europe masters like Henri Matisse and Pierre Bonnard continued developing their narrative styles independent of any movement. Dada and Surrealism Marcel Duchamp came to international prominence in the wake of the New York City Armory Show in 1913 where his Nude Descending a Staircase became the cause célèbre. He subsequently created The Bride Stripped Bare by Her Bachelors, Even, Large Glass. The Large Glass pushed the art of painting to radical new limits being part painting, part collage, part construction. Duchamp (who was soon to renounce artmaking for chess) became closely associated with the Dada movement that began in neutral Zürich, Switzerland, during World War I and peaked from 1916 to 1920. The movement primarily involved visual arts, literature (poetry, art manifestoes, art theory), theatre, and graphic design, and concentrated its anti war politic through a rejection of the prevailing standards in art through anti-art cultural works. Francis Picabia, Man Ray, Kurt Schwitters, Tristan Tzara, Hans Richter, Jean Arp, Sophie Taeuber-Arp, along with Duchamp and many others are associated with the Dadaist movement. Duchamp and several Dadaists are also associated with Surrealism, the movement that dominated European painting in the 1920s and 1930s. In 1924 André Breton published the Surrealist Manifesto. The Surrealist movement in painting became synonymous with the avant-garde and which featured artists whose works varied from the abstract to the super-realist. With works on paper like Machine Turn Quickly (above) Francis Picabia continued his involvement in the Dada movement through 1919 in Zürich and Paris, before breaking away from it after developing an interest in Surrealist art. Yves Tanguy, René Magritte and Salvador Dalí are particularly known for their realistic depictions of dream imagery and fantastic manifestations of the imagination. Joan Miró's The Tilled Field of 1923–1924 verges on abstraction, this early painting of a complex of objects and figures, and arrangements of sexually active characters; was Miró's first Surrealist masterpiece. The more abstract Joan Miró, Jean Arp, André Masson, and Max Ernst were very influential, especially in the United States during the 1940s. Throughout the 1930s, Surrealism continued to become more visible to the public at large. A Surrealist group developed in Britain and, according to Breton, their 1936 London International Surrealist Exhibition was a high-water mark of the period and became the model for international exhibitions. Surrealist groups in Japan, and especially in Latin America, the Caribbean and in Mexico produced innovative and original works. Dalí and Magritte created some of the most widely recognized images of the movement. The 1928/1929 painting This Is Not A Pipe by Magritte is the subject of a Michel Foucault 1973 book, This is not a Pipe (English edition, 1991), that discusses the painting and its paradox. Dalí joined the group in 1929, and participated in the rapid establishment of the visual style between 1930 and 1935. Surrealism as a visual movement had found a method: to expose psychological truth by stripping ordinary objects of their normal significance, in order to create a compelling image that was beyond ordinary formal organization, and perception, sometimes evoking empathy from the viewer, sometimes laughter and sometimes outrage and bewilderment. 1931 marked a year when several Surrealist painters produced works which marked turning points in their stylistic evolution: in one example liquid shapes become the trademark of Dalí, particularly in his The Persistence of Memory, which features the image of watches that sag as if they are melting. Evocations of time and its compelling mystery and absurdity. The characteristics of this style – a combination of the depictive, the abstract, and the psychological – came to stand for the alienation which many people felt in the modernist period, combined with the sense of reaching more deeply into the psyche, to be "made whole with one's individuality." Max Ernst studied philosophy and psychology in Bonn and was interested in the alternative realities experienced by the insane. His paintings, such as Murdering Airplane (1920), may have been inspired by the psychoanalyst Sigmund Freud's study of the delusions of a paranoiac, Daniel Paul Schreber. Freud identified Schreber's fantasy of becoming a woman as a castration complex. The central image of two pairs of legs refers to Schreber's hermaphroditic desires. Ernst's inscription on the back of the painting reads: The picture is curious because of its symmetry. The two sexes balance one another. During the 1920s André Masson's work was enormously influential in helping the young artist Joan Miró find his roots in the new Surrealist painting. Miró acknowledged in letters to his dealer Pierre Matisse the importance of Masson as an example to him in his early years in Paris. Long after personal, political and professional tensions have fragmented the Surrealist group into thin air and ether, Magritte, Miró, Dalí and the other Surrealists continue to define a visual program in the arts. Other prominent surrealist artists include Giorgio de Chirico, Méret Oppenheim, Toyen, Grégoire Michonze, Roberto Matta, Kay Sage, Leonora Carrington, Dorothea Tanning, and Leonor Fini among others. Neue Sachlichkeit, Social realism, regionalism, American Scene painting, Symbolism During the 1920s and the 1930s and the Great Depression, the European art scene was characterized by Surrealism, late Cubism, the Bauhaus, De Stijl, Dada, Neue Sachlichkeit, and Expressionism; and was occupied by masterful modernist color painters like Henri Matisse and Pierre Bonnard. American Scene painting and the Social Realism and Regionalism movements that contained both political and social commentary dominated the art world in the USA. Artists like Ben Shahn, Thomas Hart Benton, Grant Wood, George Tooker, John Steuart Curry, Reginald Marsh, and others became prominent. In Latin America besides the Uruguayan painter Joaquín Torres García and Rufino Tamayo from Mexico, the muralist movement with Diego Rivera, David Siqueiros, José Orozco, Pedro Nel Gómez and Santiago Martinez Delgado and the Symbolist paintings by Frida Kahlo began a renaissance of the arts for the region, with a use of color and historic, and political messages. Frida Kahlo's Symbolist works also relate strongly to Surrealism and to the Magic Realism movement in literature. The psychological drama in many of Kahlo's self-portraits (above) underscore the vitality and relevance of her paintings to artists in the 21st century. In Germany Neue Sachlichkeit ("New Objectivity") emerged as Max Beckmann, Otto Dix, George Grosz and others associated with the Berlin Secession politicized their paintings. The work of these artists grew out of expressionism, and was a response to the political tensions of the Weimar Republic, and was often sharply satirical. Diego Rivera is perhaps best known by the public for his 1933 mural, Man at the Crossroads, in the lobby of the RCA Building at Rockefeller Center. When his patron Nelson Rockefeller discovered that the mural included a portrait of Lenin and other communist imagery, he fired Rivera, and the unfinished work was eventually destroyed by Rockefeller's staff. The film Cradle Will Rock includes a dramatization of the controversy. Frida Kahlo (Rivera's wife's) works are often characterized by their stark portrayals of pain. Of her 143 paintings 55 are self-portraits, which frequently incorporate symbolic portrayals of her physical and psychological wounds. Kahlo was deeply influenced by indigenous Mexican culture, which is apparent in her paintings' bright colors and dramatic symbolism. Christian and Jewish themes are often depicted in her work as well; she combined elements of the classic religious Mexican tradition—which were often bloody and violent—with surrealist renderings. While her paintings are not overtly Christian—she was an avowed communist—they certainly contain elements of the macabre Mexican Christian style of religious paintings. During the 1930s radical leftist politics characterized many of the artists connected to Surrealism, including Pablo Picasso. On 26 April 1937, during the Spanish Civil War, the Basque town of Gernika was the scene of the "Bombing of Gernika" by the Condor Legion of Nazi Germany's Luftwaffe. The Germans were attacking to support the efforts of Francisco Franco to overthrow the Basque Government and the Spanish Republican government. The town was devastated, though the Biscayan assembly and the Oak of Gernika survived. Picasso painted his mural sized Guernica to commemorate the horrors of the bombing. In its final form, Guernica is an immense black and white, 3.5 metre (11 ft) tall and 7.8 metre (23 ft) wide mural painted in oil. The mural presents a scene of death, violence, brutality, suffering, and helplessness without portraying their immediate causes. The choice to paint in black and white contrasts with the intensity of the scene depicted and invokes the immediacy of a newspaper photograph. Picasso painted the mural sized painting called Guernica in protest of the bombing. The painting was first exhibited in Paris in 1937, then Scandinavia, then London in 1938 and finally in 1939 at Picasso's request the painting was sent to the United States in an extended loan (for safekeeping) at MoMA. The painting went on a tour of museums throughout the U.S. until its final return to the Museum of Modern Art in New York City where it was exhibited for nearly thirty years. Finally in accord with Picasso's wish to give the painting to the people of Spain as a gift, it was sent to Spain in 1981. During the Great Depression of the 1930s, through the years of World War II American art was characterized by Social Realism and American Scene Painting (as seen above) in the work of Grant Wood, Edward Hopper, Ben Shahn, Thomas Hart Benton, and several others. Nighthawks (1942) is a painting by Edward Hopper that portrays people sitting in a downtown diner late at night. It is not only Hopper's most famous painting, but one of the most recognizable in American art. It is currently in the collection of the Art Institute of Chicago. The scene was inspired by a diner (since demolished) in Greenwich Village, Hopper's home neighborhood in Manhattan. Hopper began painting it immediately after the attack on Pearl Harbor. After this event there was a large feeling of gloominess over the country, a feeling that is portrayed in the painting. The urban street is empty outside the diner, and inside none of the three patrons is apparently looking or talking to the others but instead is lost in their own thoughts. This portrayal of modern urban life as empty or lonely is a common theme throughout Hopper's work. American Gothic is a painting by Grant Wood from 1930. Portraying a pitchfork-holding farmer and a younger woman in front of a house of Carpenter Gothic style, it is one of the most familiar images in 20th-century American art. Art critics had favorable opinions about the painting, like Gertrude Stein and Christopher Morley, they assumed the painting was meant to be a satire of rural small-town life. It was thus seen as part of the trend towards increasingly critical depictions of rural America, along the lines of Sherwood Anderson's 1919 Winesburg, Ohio, Sinclair Lewis' 1920 Main Street, and Carl Van Vechten's The Tattooed Countess in literature. However, with the onset of the Great Depression, the painting came to be seen as a depiction of steadfast American pioneer spirit. Abstract expressionism The 1940s in New York City heralded the triumph of American abstract expressionism, a modernist movement that combined lessons learned from Henri Matisse, Pablo Picasso, Surrealism, Joan Miró, Cubism, Fauvism, and early Modernism via great teachers in America like Hans Hofmann and John D. Graham. American artists benefited from the presence of Piet Mondrian, Fernand Léger, Max Ernst and the André Breton group, Pierre Matisse's gallery, and Peggy Guggenheim's The Art of This Century Gallery, as well as other factors. Post-Second World War American painting, called Abstract Expressionism, included artists like Jackson Pollock, Willem de Kooning, Arshile Gorky, Mark Rothko, Hans Hofmann, Clyfford Still, Franz Kline, Adolph Gottlieb, Barnett Newman, Mark Tobey, James Brooks, Philip Guston, Robert Motherwell, Conrad Marca-Relli, Jack Tworkov, William Baziotes, Richard Pousette-Dart, Ad Reinhardt, Esteban Vicente, Hedda Sterne, Jimmy Ernst, Bradley Walker Tomlin, and Theodoros Stamos, among others. American Abstract Expressionism got its name in 1946 from the art critic Robert Coates. It is seen as combining the emotional intensity and self-denial of the German Expressionists with the anti-figurative aesthetic of the European abstract schools such as Futurism, the Bauhaus and Synthetic Cubism. Abstract Expressionism, Action painting, and Color Field painting are synonymous with the New York School. Technically Surrealism was an important predecessor for Abstract expressionism with its emphasis on spontaneous, automatic or subconscious creation. Jackson Pollock's dripping paint onto a canvas laid on the floor is a technique that has its roots in the work of André Masson. Another important early manifestation of what came to be abstract expressionism is the work of American Northwest artist Mark Tobey, especially his "white writing" canvases, which, though generally not large in scale, anticipate the "all over" look of Pollock's drip paintings. Additionally, abstract expressionism has an image of being rebellious, anarchic, highly idiosyncratic and, some feel, rather nihilistic. In practice, the term is applied to any number of artists working (mostly) in New York who had quite different styles, and even applied to work which is not especially abstract nor expressionist. Pollock's energetic "action paintings", with their "busy" feel, are different both technically and aesthetically, to the violent and grotesque Women series of Willem de Kooning. As seen above in the gallery Woman V is one of a series of six paintings made by de Kooning between 1950 and 1953 that depict a three-quarter-length female figure. He began the first of these paintings, Woman I collection: The Museum of Modern Art, New York City, in June 1950, repeatedly changing and painting out the image until January or February 1952, when the painting was abandoned unfinished. The art historian Meyer Schapiro saw the painting in de Kooning's studio soon afterwards and encouraged the artist to persist. De Kooning's response was to begin three other paintings on the same theme; Woman II, The Museum of Modern Art, New York City, Woman III, Tehran Museum of Contemporary Art, Woman IV, Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art, Kansas City, Missouri. During the summer of 1952, spent at East Hampton, de Kooning further explored the theme through drawings and pastels. He may have finished work on Woman I by the end of June, or possibly as late as November 1952, and probably the other three women pictures were concluded at much the same time. The Woman series are decidedly figurative paintings. Another important artist is Franz Kline, as demonstrated by his painting High Street, 1950 as with Jackson Pollock and other Abstract Expressionists, was labelled an action painter because of his seemingly spontaneous and intense style, focusing less, or not at all, on figures or imagery, but on the actual brush strokes and use of canvas. Clyfford Still, Barnett Newman, Adolph Gottlieb, and the serenely shimmering blocks of color in Mark Rothko's work (which is not what would usually be called expressionist and which Rothko denied was abstract), are classified as abstract expressionists, albeit from what Clement Greenberg termed the Color field direction of abstract expressionism. Both Hans Hofmann and Robert Motherwell (gallery) can be comfortably described as practitioners of action painting and Color field painting. Abstract expressionism has many stylistic similarities to the Russian artists of the early twentieth century such as Wassily Kandinsky. Although it is true that spontaneity or of the impression of spontaneity characterized many of the abstract expressionists works, most of these paintings involved careful planning, especially since their large size demanded it. An exception might be the drip paintings of Pollock. Why this style gained mainstream acceptance in the 1950s is a matter of debate. American Social realism had been the mainstream in the 1930s. It had been influenced not only by the Great Depression but also by the Social Realists of Mexico such as David Alfaro Siqueiros and Diego Rivera. The political climate after World War II did not long tolerate the social protests of those painters. Abstract expressionism arose during World War II and began to be showcased during the early 1940s at galleries in New York like The Art of This Century Gallery. The late 1940s through the mid-1950s ushered in the McCarthy era. It was after World War II and a time of political conservatism and extreme artistic censorship in the United States. Some people have conjectured that since the subject matter was often totally abstract, Abstract expressionism became a safe strategy for artists to pursue this style. Abstract art could be seen as apolitical. Or if the art was political, the message was largely for the insiders. However those theorists are in the minority. As the first truly original school of painting in America, Abstract expressionism demonstrated the vitality and creativity of the country in the post-war years, as well as its ability (or need) to develop an aesthetic sense that was not constrained by the European standards of beauty. Although Abstract expressionism spread quickly throughout the United States, the major centers of this style were New York City and California, especially in the New York School, and the San Francisco Bay area. Abstract expressionist paintings share certain characteristics, including the use of large canvases, an "all-over" approach, in which the whole canvas is treated with equal importance (as opposed to the center being of more interest than the edges). The canvas as the arena became a credo of Action painting, while the integrity of the picture plane became a credo of the Color Field painters. Many other artists began exhibiting their abstract expressionist related paintings during the 1950s including Alfred Leslie, Sam Francis, Joan Mitchell, Helen Frankenthaler, Cy Twombly, Milton Resnick, Michael Goldberg, Norman Bluhm, Ray Parker, Nicolas Carone, Grace Hartigan, Friedel Dzubas, and Robert Goodnough among others. During the 1950s, Color Field painting initially referred to a particular type of abstract expressionism, especially the work of Mark Rothko, Clyfford Still, Barnett Newman, Robert Motherwell and Adolph Gottlieb. It essentially involved abstract paintings with large, flat expanses of color that expressed the sensual, and visual feelings and properties of large areas of nuanced surface. Art critic Clement Greenberg perceived Color Field painting as related to but different from Action painting. The overall expanse and gestalt of the work of the early color field painters speaks of an almost religious experience, awestruck in the face of an expanding universe of sensuality, color and surface. During the early to mid-1960s, Color Field painting came to refer to the styles of artists like Jules Olitski, Kenneth Noland, and Helen Frankenthaler, whose works were related to second-generation abstract expressionism, and to younger artists like Larry Zox, and Frank Stella – all moving in a new direction. Artists like Clyfford Still, Mark Rothko, Hans Hofmann, Morris Louis, Jules Olitski, Kenneth Noland, Helen Frankenthaler, Larry Zox, and others often used greatly reduced references to nature, and they painted with a highly articulated and psychological use of color. In general these artists eliminated recognizable imagery. In Mountains and Sea, from 1952, a seminal work of Colorfield painting by Helen Frankenthaler the artist used the stain technique for the first time. In Europe there was the continuation of Surrealism, Cubism, Dada and the works of Matisse. Also in Europe, Tachisme (the European equivalent to Abstract expressionism) and Informalism took hold of the newest generation. Serge Poliakoff, Nicolas de Staël, Georges Mathieu, Vieira da Silva, Jean Dubuffet, Yves Klein and Pierre Soulages among others are considered important figures in post-war European painting. Eventually abstract painting in America evolved into movements such as Neo-Dada, Color Field painting, Post painterly abstraction, Op art, hard-edge painting, Minimal art, shaped canvas painting, Lyrical Abstraction, Neo-expressionism and the continuation of Abstract expressionism. As a response to the tendency toward abstraction imagery emerged through various new movements, notably Pop art. Realism, Landscape, Figuration, Still-Life, Cityscape During the 1930s through the 1960s as abstract painting in America and Europe evolved into movements such as Abstract Expressionism, Color Field painting, Post painterly abstraction, Op art, hard-edge painting, Minimal art, shaped canvas painting, and Lyrical Abstraction. Other artists reacted as a response to the tendency toward abstraction allowing imagery to continue through various new contexts like the Bay Area Figurative Movement in the 1950s and new forms of expressionism from the 1940s through the 1960s. In Italy during this time, Giorgio Morandi was the foremost still life painter, exploring a wide variety of approaches to depicting everyday bottles and kitchen implements. Throughout the 20th century many painters practiced Realism and used expressive imagery; practicing landscape and figurative painting with contemporary subjects and solid technique, and unique expressivity like Milton Avery, John D. Graham, Fairfield Porter, Edward Hopper, Andrew Wyeth, Balthus, Francis Bacon, Frank Auerbach, Lucian Freud, Leon Kossoff, Philip Pearlstein, Willem de Kooning, Arshile Gorky, Grace Hartigan, Robert De Niro, Sr., Elaine de Kooning and others. Along with Henri Matisse, Pablo Picasso, Pierre Bonnard, Georges Braque, and other 20th-century masters. The figurative work of Francis Bacon, Frida Kahlo, Edward Hopper, Lucian Freud Andrew Wyeth and others served as a kind of alternative to abstract expressionism. One of the most well-known images in 20th-century American art is Wyeth's painting, Christina's World, currently in the collection of the Museum of Modern Art in New York City. It depicts a woman lying on the ground in a treeless, mostly tawny field, looking up at and crawling towards a gray house on the horizon; a barn and various other small outbuildings are adjacent to the house. This tempera work, done in a realist style, is nearly always on display at the Museum of Modern Art in New York. Arshile Gorky's portrait of what may be his friend Willem de Kooning (left) is an example of the evolution of Abstract Expressionism from the context of figure painting, cubism and surrealism. Along with his friends de Kooning and John D. Graham Gorky created bio-morphically shaped and abstracted figurative compositions that by the 1940s evolved into totally abstract paintings. Gorky's work seems to be a careful analysis of memory, emotion and shape, using line and color to express feeling and nature. Study after Velázquez's Portrait of Pope Innocent X, 1953 is a painting by the Irish born artist Francis Bacon and is an example of Post World War II European Expressionism. The work shows a distorted version of the Portrait of Innocent X painted by the Spanish artist Diego Velázquez in 1650. The work is one of a series of variants of the Velázquez painting which Bacon executed throughout the 1950s and early 1960s, over a total of forty-five works. When asked why he was compelled to revisit the subject so often, Bacon replied that he had nothing against the Popes, that he merely "wanted an excuse to use these colours, and you can't give ordinary clothes that purple colour without getting into a sort of false fauve manner." The Pope in this version seethes with anger and aggression, and the dark colors give the image a grotesque and nightmarish appearance. The pleated curtains of the backdrop are rendered transparent, and seem to fall through the Pope's face. After World War II the term School of Paris often referred to Tachisme, the European equivalent of American Abstract expressionism and those artists are also related to Cobra. In 1952 Michel Tapié authored the book Un Autre art which gave name and voice to Informalism. Important proponents being Jean Dubuffet, Pierre Soulages, Nicolas de Staël, Hans Hartung, Serge Poliakoff, and Georges Mathieu, among several others. During the early 1950s Dubuffet (who was always a figurative artist), and de Staël, abandoned abstraction, and returned to imagery via figuration and landscape. De Staël 's work was quickly recognised within the post-war art world, and he became one of the most influential artists of the 1950s. His return to representation (seascapes, footballers, jazz musicians, seagulls) during the early 1950s can be seen as an influential precedent for the American Bay Area Figurative Movement, as many of those abstract painters like Richard Diebenkorn, David Park, Elmer Bischoff, Wayne Thiebaud, Nathan Oliveira, Joan Brown and others made a similar move; returning to imagery during the mid-1950s. Much of de Staël 's late work – in particular his thinned, and diluted oil on canvas abstract landscapes of the mid-1950s predicts Color Field painting and Lyrical Abstraction of the 1960s and 1970s. Nicolas de Staël's bold and intensely vivid color in his last paintings predict the direction of much of contemporary painting that came after him including Pop art of the 1960s. Pop art Pop art in America was to a large degree initially inspired by the works of Jasper Johns, Larry Rivers, and Robert Rauschenberg. Although the paintings of Gerald Murphy, Stuart Davis and Charles Demuth during the 1920s and 1930s set the table for Pop art in America. In New York City during the mid-1950s Robert Rauschenberg and Jasper Johns created works of art that at first seemed to be continuations of Abstract expressionist painting. Actually their works and the work of Larry Rivers, were radical departures from abstract expressionism especially in the use of banal and literal imagery and the inclusion and the combining of mundane materials into their work. The innovations of Johns' specific use of various images and objects like chairs, numbers, targets, beer cans and the American Flag; Rivers paintings of subjects drawn from popular culture such as George Washington crossing the Delaware, and his inclusions of images from advertisements like the camel from Camel cigarettes, and Rauschenberg's surprising constructions using inclusions of objects and pictures taken from popular culture, hardware stores, junkyards, the city streets, and taxidermy gave rise to a radical new movement in American art. Eventually by 1963 the movement came to be known worldwide as Pop art. Pop art is exemplified by artists: Andy Warhol, Claes Oldenburg, Wayne Thiebaud, James Rosenquist, Jim Dine, Tom Wesselmann and Roy Lichtenstein among others. Lichtenstein used oil and Magna paint in his best known works, such as Drowning Girl (1963), which was appropriated from the lead story in DC Comics' Secret Hearts #83. (Drowning Girl now is in the collection of Museum of Modern Art, New York.) Also featuring thick outlines, bold colors and Ben-Day dots to represent certain colors, as if created by photographic reproduction. Lichtenstein would say of his own work: Abstract Expressionists "put things down on the canvas and responded to what they had done, to the color positions and sizes. My style looks completely different, but the nature of putting down lines pretty much is the same; mine just don't come out looking calligraphic, like Pollock's or Kline's." Pop art merges popular and mass culture with fine art, while injecting humor, irony, and recognizable imagery and content into the mix. In October 1962 the Sidney Janis Gallery mounted The New Realists the first major Pop art group exhibition in an uptown art gallery in New York City. Sidney Janis mounted the exhibition in a 57th Street storefront near his gallery at 15 E. 57th Street. The show sent shockwaves through the New York School and reverberated worldwide. Earlier in the fall of 1962 a historically important and ground-breaking New Painting of Common Objects exhibition of Pop art, curated by Walter Hopps at the Pasadena Art Museum sent shock waves across the Western United States. Campbell's Soup Cans (sometimes referred to as 32 Campbell's Soup Cans) is the title of an Andy Warhol work of art that was produced in 1962. It consists of thirty-two canvases, each measuring 20 inches in height x 16 inches in width (50.8 x 40.6 cm) and each consisting of a painting of a Campbell's Soup can—one of each canned soup variety the company offered at the time. The individual paintings were produced with a semi-mechanised silkscreen process, using a non-painterly style. They helped usher in Pop art as a major art movement that relied on themes from popular culture. These works by Andy Warhol are repetitive and they are made in a non-painterly commercial manner. Earlier in England in 1956 the term Pop Art was used by Lawrence Alloway for paintings that celebrated consumerism of the post World War II era. This movement rejected Abstract expressionism and its focus on the hermeneutic and psychological interior, in favor of art which depicted, and often celebrated material consumer culture, advertising, and iconography of the mass production age. The early works of David Hockney whose paintings emerged from England during the 1960s like A Bigger Splash, and the works of Richard Hamilton, Peter Blake, and Eduardo Paolozzi, are considered seminal examples in the movement. While in the downtown scene in New York's East Village 10th Street galleries artists were formulating an American version of Pop art. Claes Oldenburg had his storefront, and the Green Gallery on 57th Street began to show Tom Wesselmann and James Rosenquist. Later Leo Castelli exhibited other American artists including the bulk of the careers of Andy Warhol and Roy Lichtenstein and his use of Benday dots, a technique used in commercial reproduction and seen in ordinary comic books and in paintings like Drowning Girl, 1963, in the gallery above. There is a connection between the radical works of Duchamp, and Man Ray, the rebellious Dadaists – with a sense of humor; and Pop Artists like Alex Katz (who became known for his parodies of portrait photography and suburban life), Claes Oldenburg, Andy Warhol, Roy Lichtenstein and the others. Art Brut, New Realism, Bay Area Figurative Movement, Neo-Dada, Photorealism During the 1950s and 1960s as abstract painting in America and Europe evolved into movements such as Color Field painting, Post painterly abstraction, Op art, hard-edge painting, Minimal art, shaped canvas painting, Lyrical Abstraction, and the continuation of Abstract expressionism. Other artists reacted as a response to the tendency toward abstraction with Art brut, as seen in Court les rues, 1962, by Jean Dubuffet, Fluxus, Neo-Dada, New Realism, allowing imagery to re-emerge through various new contexts like Pop art, the Bay Area Figurative Movement (a prime example is Diebenkorn's Cityscape I,(Landscape No. 1), 1963, Oil on canvas, 60 1/4 x 50 1/2 inches, collection: San Francisco Museum of Modern Art), and later in the 1970s Neo-expressionism. The Bay Area Figurative Movement of whom David Park, Elmer Bischoff, Nathan Oliveira and Richard Diebenkorn whose painting Cityscape 1, 1963 is a typical example were influential members flourished during the 1950s and 1960s in California. Although throughout the 20th-century painters continued to practice Realism and use imagery, practicing landscape and figurative painting with contemporary subjects and solid technique, and unique expressivity like Milton Avery, Edward Hopper, Jean Dubuffet, Francis Bacon, Frank Auerbach, Lucian Freud, Philip Pearlstein, and others. Younger painters practiced the use of imagery in new and radical ways. Yves Klein, Martial Raysse, Niki de Saint Phalle, David Hockney, Alex Katz, Antoni Tàpies, Malcolm Morley, Ralph Goings, Audrey Flack, Richard Estes, Chuck Close, Susan Rothenberg, Eric Fischl, John Baeder, and Vija Celmins were a few who became prominent between the 1960s and the 1980s. Fairfield Porter was largely self-taught, and produced representational work in the midst of the Abstract Expressionist movement. His subjects were primarily landscapes, domestic interiors and portraits of family, friends and fellow artists, many of them affiliated with the New York School of writers, including John Ashbery, Frank O'Hara, and James Schuyler. Many of his paintings were set in or around the family summer house on Great Spruce Head Island, Maine. Neo-Dada is a movement that started in the 1950s and 1960s and was related to Abstract expressionism only with imagery. Featuring the emergence of combined manufactured items, with artist materials, moving away from previous conventions of painting. This trend in art is exemplified by the work of Jasper Johns and Robert Rauschenberg, whose "combines" in the 1950s were forerunners of Pop Art and Installation art, and made use of the assemblage of large physical objects, including stuffed animals, birds and commercial photography. Robert Rauschenberg, Jasper Johns, Larry Rivers, John Chamberlain, Claes Oldenburg, George Segal, Jim Dine, and Edward Kienholz among others were important pioneers of both abstraction and Pop Art; creating new conventions of art-making; they made acceptable in serious contemporary art circles the radical inclusion of unlikely materials as parts of their works of art. Geometric abstraction, Op Art, Hard-Edge, Color field, Minimal Art, New Realism During the 1960s and 1970s abstract painting continued to develop in America through varied styles. Geometric abstraction, Op art, hard-edge painting, Color Field painting and minimal painting, were some interrelated directions for advanced abstract painting as well as some other new movements. Morris Louis was an important pioneer in advanced Colorfield painting, his work can serve as a bridge between Abstract expressionism, Colorfield painting, and Minimal Art. Two influential teachers Josef Albers and Hans Hofmann introduced a new generation of American artists to their advanced theories of color and space. Josef Albers is best remembered for his work as a Geometric abstractionist painter and theorist. Most famous are the hundreds of paintings and prints that make up the series Homage to the Square. In this rigorous series, begun in 1949, Albers explored chromatic interactions with flat colored squares arranged concentrically on the canvas. Albers' theories on art and education were formative for the next generation of artists. His own paintings form the foundation of both hard-edge painting and Op art. Josef Albers, Hans Hofmann, Ilya Bolotowsky, Burgoyne Diller, Victor Vasarely, Bridget Riley, Richard Anuszkiewicz, Frank Stella, Morris Louis, Kenneth Noland, Ellsworth Kelly, Barnett Newman, Larry Poons, Ronald Davis, John Hoyland, Larry Zox, and Al Held are artists closely associated with Geometric abstraction, Op art, Color Field painting, and in the case of Hofmann and Newman Abstract expressionism as well. Agnes Martin, Robert Mangold, Brice Marden, Jo Baer, Robert Ryman, Richard Tuttle, Neil Williams, David Novros, Paul Mogenson, are examples of artists associated with Minimalism and (exceptions of Martin, Baer and Marden) the use of the shaped canvas also during the period beginning in the early 1960s. Many Geometric abstract artists, minimalists, and Hard-edge painters elected to use the edges of the image to define the shape of the painting rather than accepting the rectangular format. In fact, the use of the shaped canvas is primarily associated with paintings of the 1960s and 1970s that are coolly abstract, formalistic, geometrical, objective, rationalistic, clean-lined, brashly sharp-edged, or minimalist in character. The Bykert Gallery, and the Park Place Gallery were important showcases for Minimalism and shaped canvas painting in New York City during the 1960s. In 1965, an exhibition called The Responsive Eye, curated by William C. Seitz, was held at the Museum of Modern Art, in New York City. The works shown were wide-ranging, encompassing the Minimalism of Frank Stella, the Op art of Larry Poons, the work of Alexander Liberman, alongside the masters of the Op Art movement: Victor Vasarely, Richard Anuszkiewicz, Bridget Riley and others. The exhibition focused on the perceptual aspects of art, which result both from the illusion of movement and the interaction of color relationships. Op art, also known as optical art, is a style present in some paintings and other works of art that use optical illusions. Op art is also closely akin to geometric abstraction and hard-edge painting. Although sometimes the term used for it is perceptual abstraction. Op art is a method of painting concerning the interaction between illusion and picture plane, between understanding and seeing. Op art works are abstract, with many of the better known pieces made in only black and white. When the viewer looks at them, the impression is given of movement, hidden images, flashing and vibration, patterns, or alternatively, of swelling or warping. Shaped canvas, Washington color school, abstract illusionism, lyrical abstraction Color Field painting clearly pointed toward a new direction in American painting, away from abstract expressionism. Color Field painting is related to Post-painterly abstraction, Suprematism, Abstract Expressionism, Hard-edge painting and Lyrical Abstraction. Color Field painting sought to rid art of superfluous rhetoric. Artists like Clyfford Still, Mark Rothko, Hans Hofmann, Morris Louis, Jules Olitski, Kenneth Noland, Helen Frankenthaler, Larry Zox, and others often used greatly reduced references to nature, and they painted with a highly articulated and psychological use of color. In general these artists eliminated recognizable imagery. Certain artists made references to past or present art, but in general color field painting presents abstraction as an end in itself. In pursuing this direction of modern art, artists wanted to present each painting as one unified, cohesive, monolithic image. Gene Davis along with Kenneth Noland, Morris Louis and several others was a member of the Washington Color School painters who began to create Color Field paintings in Washington, D.C. during the 1950s and 1960s, Black, Grey, Beatis a large vertical stripe painting and typical of Gene Davis's work. Frank Stella, Kenneth Noland, Ellsworth Kelly, Barnett Newman, Ronald Davis, Neil Williams, Robert Mangold, Charles Hinman, Richard Tuttle, David Novros, and Al Loving are examples of artists associated with the use of the shaped canvas during the period beginning in the early 1960s. Many Geometric abstract artists, minimalists, and Hard-edge painters elected to use the edges of the image to define the shape of the painting rather than accepting the rectangular format. In fact, the use of the shaped canvas is primarily associated with paintings of the 1960s and 1970s that are coolly abstract, formalistic, geometrical, objective, rationalistic, clean-lined, brashly sharp-edged, or minimalist in character. From 1960 Frank Stella produced paintings in aluminum and copper paint and are his first works using shaped canvases (canvases in a shape other than the traditional rectangle or square), often being in L, N, U or T-shapes. These later developed into more elaborate designs, in the Irregular Polygon series (67), for example. Also in the 1960s, Stella began to use a wider range of colors, typically arranged in straight or curved lines. Later he began his Protractor Series (71) of paintings, in which arcs, sometimes overlapping, within square borders are arranged side-by-side to produce full and half circles painted in rings of concentric color. Harran II, 1967, is an example of the Protractor Series. These paintings are named after circular cities he had visited while in the Middle East earlier in the 1960s. The Irregular Polygon canvases and Protractor series further extended the concept of the shaped canvas. The Andre Emmerich Gallery, the Leo Castelli Gallery, the Richard Feigen Gallery, and the Park Place Gallery were important showcases for Color Field painting, shaped canvas painting and Lyrical Abstraction in New York City during the 1960s. There is a connection with post-painterly abstraction, which reacted against abstract expressionisms' mysticism, hyper-subjectivity, and emphasis on making the act of painting itself dramatically visible – as well as the solemn acceptance of the flat rectangle as an almost ritual prerequisite for serious painting. During the 1960s Color Field painting and Minimal art were often closely associated with each other. In actuality by the early 1970s both movements became decidedly diverse. Another related movement of the late 1960s, Lyrical Abstraction (the term being coined by Larry Aldrich, the founder of the Aldrich Contemporary Art Museum, Ridgefield Connecticut), encompassed what Aldrich said he saw in the studios of many artists at that time. It is also the name of an exhibition that originated in the Aldrich Museum and traveled to the Whitney Museum of American Art and other museums throughout the United States between 1969 and 1971. Lyrical Abstraction in the late 1960s is characterized by the paintings of Dan Christensen, Ronnie Landfield, Peter Young and others, and along with the Fluxus movement and Postminimalism (a term first coined by Robert Pincus-Witten in the pages of Artforum in 1969) sought to expand the boundaries of abstract painting and Minimalism by focusing on process, new materials and new ways of expression. Postminimalism often incorporating industrial materials, raw materials, fabrications, found objects, installation, serial repetition, and often with references to Dada and Surrealism is best exemplified in the sculptures of Eva Hesse. Lyrical Abstraction, Conceptual Art, Postminimalism, Earth Art, Video, Performance art, Installation art, along with the continuation of Fluxus, Abstract Expressionism, Color Field painting, Hard-edge painting, Minimal Art, Op art, Pop art, Photorealism and New Realism extended the boundaries of Contemporary Art in the mid-1960s through the 1970s. Lyrical Abstraction is a type of freewheeling abstract painting that emerged in the mid-1960s when abstract painters returned to various forms of painterly, pictorial, expressionism with a predominate focus on process, gestalt and repetitive compositional strategies in general. Lyrical Abstraction shares similarities with Color Field painting and Abstract Expressionism especially in the freewheeling usage of paint – texture and surface. Direct drawing, calligraphic use of line, the effects of brushed, splattered, stained, squeegeed, poured, and splashed paint superficially resemble the effects seen in Abstract Expressionism and Color Field painting. However the styles are markedly different. Setting it apart from Abstract Expressionism and Action Painting of the 1940s and 1950s is the approach to composition and drama. As seen in Action Painting there is an emphasis on brushstrokes, high compositional drama, dynamic compositional tension. While in Lyrical Abstraction as exemplified by the 1971 Ronnie Landfield painting Garden of Delight (above), there is a sense of compositional randomness, all over composition, low key and relaxed compositional drama and an emphasis on process, repetition, and an all over sensibility. During the 1960s and 1970s artists as powerful and influential as Robert Motherwell, Adolph Gottlieb, Philip Guston, Lee Krasner, Cy Twombly, Robert Rauschenberg, Jasper Johns, Richard Diebenkorn, Josef Albers, Elmer Bischoff, Agnes Martin, Al Held, Sam Francis, Ellsworth Kelly, Morris Louis, Helen Frankenthaler, Gene Davis, Frank Stella, Kenneth Noland, Joan Mitchell, Friedel Dzubas, and younger artists like Brice Marden, Robert Mangold, Sam Gilliam, John Hoyland, Sean Scully, Blinky Palermo, Pat Steir, Elizabeth Murray, Larry Poons, Walter Darby Bannard, Larry Zox, Ronnie Landfield, Ronald Davis, Dan Christensen, Joan Snyder, Richard Tuttle, Ross Bleckner, Archie Rand, Susan Crile, Mino Argento and dozens of others produced vital and influential paintings. Monochrome, minimalism, postminimalism Artists such as Larry Poons—whose work related to Op Art with his emphasis on dots, ovals and after-images bouncing across color fields—Ellsworth Kelly, Kenneth Noland, Ralph Humphrey, Robert Motherwell and Robert Ryman had also begun to explore stripes, monochromatic and Hard-edge formats from the late 1950s through the 1960s. Because of a tendency in Minimalism to exclude the pictorial, illusionistic and fictive in favor of the literal—as demonstrated by Robert Mangold, who understood the concept of the shape of the canvas and its relationship to objecthood—there was a movement away from painterly and toward sculptural concerns. Donald Judd had started as a painter, and ended as a creator of objects. His seminal essay, "Specific Objects" (published in Arts Yearbook 8, 1965), was a touchstone of theory for the formation of Minimalist aesthetics. In this essay, Judd found a starting point for a new territory for American art, and a simultaneous rejection of residual inherited European artistic values. He pointed to evidence of this development in the works of an array of artists active in New York at the time, including Jasper Johns, Dan Flavin and Lee Bontecou. Of "preliminary" importance for Judd was the work of George Earl Ortman, who had concretized and distilled painting's forms into blunt, tough, philosophically charged geometries. These Specific Objects inhabited a space not then comfortably classifiable as either painting or sculpture. That the categorical identity of such objects was itself in question, and that they avoided easy association with well-worn and over-familiar conventions, was a part of their value for Judd. In a much more general sense, one might find European roots of Minimalism in the geometric abstractions painters in the Bauhaus, in the works of Piet Mondrian and other artists associated with the movement DeStijl, in Russian Constructivists and in the work of the Romanian sculptor Constantin Brâncuși. American painters such as Brice Marden and Cy Twombly show a clear European influence in their pure abstraction, minimalist painting of the 1960s. Ronald Davis polyurethane works from the late 1960s pay homage to the Broken Glass of Marcel Duchamp. This movement was heavily criticised by high modernist formalist art critics and historians. Some anxious critics thought Minimalist art represented a misunderstanding of the modern dialectic of painting and sculpture as defined by critic Clement Greenberg, arguably the dominant American critic of painting in the period leading up to the 1960s. The most notable critique of Minimalism was produced by Michael Fried, a Greenbergian critic, who objected to the work on the basis of its "theatricality". In Art and Objecthood (published in Artforum in June 1967) he declared that the Minimalist work of art, particularly Minimalist sculpture, was based on an engagement with the physicality of the spectator. He argued that work like Robert Morris's transformed the act of viewing into a type of spectacle, in which the artifice of the act observation and the viewer's participation in the work were unveiled. Fried saw this displacement of the viewer's experience from an aesthetic engagement within, to an event outside of the artwork as a failure of Minimal art. Ad Reinhardt, actually an artist of the Abstract Expressionist generation, but one whose reductive all-black paintings seemed to anticipate minimalism, had this to say about the value of a reductive approach to art: "The more stuff in it, the busier the work of art, the worse it is. More is less. Less is more. The eye is a menace to clear sight. The laying bare of oneself is obscene. Art begins with the getting rid of nature." Still other important innovations in abstract painting took place during the 1960s and the 1970s characterized by monochrome painting and hard-edge painting inspired by Ad Reinhardt, Barnett Newman, Milton Resnick, and Ellsworth Kelly. Artists as diverse as Agnes Martin, Al Held, Larry Zox, Frank Stella, Larry Poons, Brice Marden and others explored the power of simplification. The convergence of Color Field painting, minimal art, hard-edge painting, Lyrical Abstraction, and postminimalism blurred the distinction between movements that became more apparent in the 1980s and 1990s. The neo-expressionism movement is related to earlier developments in abstract expressionism, neo-Dada, Lyrical Abstraction and postminimal painting. Neo-expressionism In the late 1960s the abstract expressionist painter Philip Guston helped to lead a transition from abstract expressionism to Neo-expressionism in painting, abandoning the so-called "pure abstraction" of abstract expressionism in favor of more cartoonish renderings of various personal symbols and objects. These works were inspirational to a new generation of painters interested in a revival of expressive imagery. His painting Painting, Smoking, Eating 1973, seen above in the gallery is an example of Guston's final and conclusive return to representation. In the late 1970s and early 1980s, there was also a return to painting that occurred almost simultaneously in Italy, Germany, France and Britain. These movements were called Transavantguardia, Neue Wilde, Figuration Libre, Neo-expressionism, the school of London, and in the late 1990s the Stuckists, a group that emerged late in 1990s respectively. These painting were characterized by large formats, free expressive mark making, figuration, myth and imagination. All work in this genre came to be labeled neo-expressionism. Critical reaction was divided. Some critics regarded it as driven by profit motivations by large commercial galleries. This type of art continues in popularity into the 21st century, even after the art crash of the late 1980s. During the late 1970s in the United States painters who began working with invigorated surfaces and who returned to imagery like Susan Rothenberg gained in popularity, especially as seen above in paintings like Horse 2, 1979. During the 1980s American artists like Eric Fischl, David Salle, Jean-Michel Basquiat (who began as a graffiti artist), Julian Schnabel, and Keith Haring, and Italian painters like Mimmo Paladino, Sandro Chia, and Enzo Cucchi, among others defined the idea of Neo-expressionism in America. Neo-expressionism was a style of modern painting that became popular in the late 1970s and dominated the art market until the mid-1980s. It developed in Europe as a reaction against the conceptual and minimalistic art of the 1960s and 1970s. Neo-expressionists returned to portraying recognizable objects, such as the human body (although sometimes in a virtually abstract manner), in a rough and violently emotional way using vivid colours and banal colour harmonies. The veteran painters Philip Guston, Frank Auerbach, Leon Kossoff, Gerhard Richter, A. R. Penck and Georg Baselitz, along with slightly younger artists like Anselm Kiefer, Eric Fischl, Susan Rothenberg, Francesco Clemente, Damien Hirst, Jean-Michel Basquiat, Julian Schnabel, Keith Haring, and many others became known for working in this intense expressionist vein of painting. Contemporary painting into the 21st century At the beginning of the 21st century Contemporary painting and Contemporary art in general continues in several contiguous modes, characterized by the idea of pluralism. Mainstream painting has been rejected by artists of the postmodern era in favor of artistic pluralism. According to art critic Arthur Danto there is an anything goes attitude that prevails; an "everything going on", and consequently "nothing going on" syndrome; this creates an aesthetic traffic jam with no firm and clear direction and with every lane on the artistic superhighway filled to capacity. See also Art periods Australian art Contemporary art Hierarchy of genres History of art History of painting History painting Indian painting Japonism Lists of painters Lives of the Most Excellent Painters, Sculptors, and Architects'' Modern art Modernism Painting Painting in the Americas before European colonization Renaissance art Self-portrait Visual art of the United States Visual arts by indigenous peoples of the Americas Western painting References Bibliography External links Painting Painting Painting
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2002%20American%20Le%20Mans%20Series
2002 American Le Mans Series
The 2002 American Le Mans Series season was the 32nd season for the IMSA GT Championship, and the fourth under the American Le Mans Series banner. It was a series for Le Mans Prototypes (LMP) and Grand Touring (GT) race cars divided into 4 classes: LMP900, LMP675, GTS, and GT. It began March 16, 2002 and ended October 12, 2002 after 10 races. Schedule Following the demise of the European Le Mans Series, the North American schedule was greatly expanded to ten races. Several temporary street courses were added in cities such as Miami, Florida and Washington D. C., while the Portland International Raceway and Texas Motor Speedway did not return, leaving the ALMS without any road course ovals on the schedule. Circuit Trois-Rivières joined Mosport as a second Canadian event, and Road America was also scheduled for the first time. Season results Overall winner in bold. Teams Championship Points are awarded to the finishers in the following order: 25-21-19-17-15-14-13-12-11-10-... Exceptions being for the 12 Hours of Sebring and Petit Le Mans which awarded in the following order: 30-26-24-22-20-19-18-17-16-15-... Cars failing to complete 70% of the winner's distance are not awarded points. Teams only score the points of their highest finishing entry in each race. LMP900 Standings LMP675 Standings GTS Standings GT Standings External links American Le Mans Series homepage IMSA Archived ALMS Results and Points American Le Mans Le Mans American Le Mans Series seasons
23580512
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esteban%20Valencia%20%28footballer%2C%20born%201972%29
Esteban Valencia (footballer, born 1972)
Esteban Andrés Valencia Bascuñán (born 8 January 1972) is a Chilean football manager and former player who played as a midfielder. Nicknamed "Huevito", Valencia obtained a total number of 48 caps for the Chile national football team, scoring three goals between 1994 and 2001. He made his full international debut on 30 April 1994. Managerial career After working in the Universidad de Chile youth system, in 2021 he took the challenge of managing the first team as a caretaker after Rafael Dudamel was released. Later, he was confirmed until the end of the 2021 season. After this experience, he assumed as Technical Coordinator for the youth system. Personal life He is the father of the professional footballer Esteban Valencia Reyes. Honours Club Universidad de Chile Primera División (5): 1994, 1995, 1999, 2000, 2004 Apertura Copa Chile (2): 1998, 2000 References External links 1972 births Living people Chilean footballers Chilean expatriate footballers Chile international footballers 1995 Copa América players 1997 Copa América players 1999 Copa América players Universidad de Chile footballers Provincial Osorno footballers Club Atlético Colón footballers Puerto Montt footballers Club Deportivo Palestino footballers Club Deportivo Universidad Católica footballers Chilean Primera División players Argentine Primera División players Expatriate footballers in Argentina Chilean expatriate sportspeople in Argentina Footballers from Santiago Association football midfielders Chilean football managers Universidad de Chile managers Chilean Primera División managers
23580514
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faiszer%20Musthapha
Faiszer Musthapha
Mohamed Faiszer Musthapha, PC, MP is a Sri Lankan lawyer and a politician. He was the Minister of Sports and Provincial Councils and Local Government and a member of the Parliament of Sri Lanka. Faiszer Musthapha is married to Fathima Rifa who is also a lawyer. They have two daughters. Education Musthapha received his primary and secondary education at Royal College, Colombo and graduated from the Ceylon Law College. He obtained his post-graduate degree, Master of Law (LLM) from the University of Aberdeen, U.K. Legal career Faiszer Musthapha, chose the legal profession as his career following in the foot-steps of his father Faisz Musthapha. Faiszer Musthapha had specialized in company law and established a very successful practice eventually earning the title of President's Counsel. It was the first time in the history of Sri Lanka that both father and son had attained the title of President's Counsel. He also held the position of Vice Chairman of Sri Lanka Land Reclamation and Development Corporation (SLLRDC) 2002-2003 and subsequently, Vice Chairman of National Housing Development Authority (NHDA) 2002–2004. Political career He entered politics as member of the Ceylon Workers Congress (CWC) in 2004 and was elected as a Member of Parliament in the same year; representing the Kandy District. Following the Elections, the CWC announced its unconditional support to the United People's Freedom Alliance (UPFA), thereby allowing them to form Government. In the subsequent Parliamentary General Election he contested from the Kandy District as a member of the Sri Lanka Freedom Party (SLFP) led UPFA. With Faiszer as its candidate, the SLFP, after a long period of fifty four years, was able to achieve Muslim representation in Parliament from the Central Province. He was then appointed a Central Committee Member of the SLFP, a position he continues to hold. In 2005, he was appointed as the Deputy Minister of Tourism and later had functioned as the Minister of Tourism Promotion (Non Cabinet), the Deputy Minister of Environment, the Deputy Minister of Technology and Research and thereafter as the Deputy Minister of Investment Promotion. As the Deputy Minister of Environment, in April 2010, the Hon. Faiszer Musthapha led the Sri Lanka delegation to the 34th session of the World Heritage Committee held in Brasilia, Brazil where he played a key role in winning the members of the World Heritage Committee to approve the inscription of Horton Plains, Knuckles Conservative Forest and Peak Wilderness (forest area around Sri-Pada) as a World Heritage Natural Reserve. He had previously served as member of the Cabinet sub Committee appointed to look into and identify Laws and Regulations Obstructing Investments and as a Member of the Committee on Public Enterprises (COPE). He was one of the Members of the SLFP who joined the opposition to campaign against former President Mahinda Rajapaksa in the Presidential Election 2015 eventually leading to the victory of Maithripala Sirisena who become the 7th President of Sri Lanka. In the cabinet reshuffle that followed, Musthapha was appointed as State Minister of Aviation from which he resigned barely a month later. Soon later, he was appointed as Legal Advisor to President Maithripala Sirisena. Following the 2015 Parliamentary Elections, Faiszer Musthapha entered Parliament through the National List and was appointed Cabinet Minister of Provincial Councils and Local Government. He is also a member of the Public Accounts Committee among several Parliamentary Consultative Committees at present. Controversy Surrounding Local Government Elections Following his appointment as Minister of Provincial Councils and Local Government, Musthapha identified numerous flaws in the Delimitation Report which is to be the basis on which the forthcoming Local Government Elections are to be conducted according to the Local Authorities (Amendment) Act 2012. He postponed the Local Government Elections indefinitely until the Delimitation report was rectified, although it was beyond the legally permitted term. He defended his decision stating that the original Delimitation Report was designed to the whims and fancies of the previous Government and would have resulted in a mockery of the democratic process if remedial action was not taken. However, this decision had received much criticism from citizens and politicians alike. References 20th-century Sri Lankan lawyers Sri Lankan Muslims Living people President's Counsels (Sri Lanka) Members of the 13th Parliament of Sri Lanka Members of the 14th Parliament of Sri Lanka Members of the 15th Parliament of Sri Lanka Government ministers of Sri Lanka United People's Freedom Alliance politicians 1969 births State ministers of Sri Lanka Local government and provincial councils ministers of Sri Lanka
23580522
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pemasiri%20Manage
Pemasiri Manage
M. M. Pemasiri Manage is a Sri Lankan politician and a former member of the Parliament of Sri Lanka. A graduated university of ruhuna.he is a teacher ( political science ) He have 3 son. Sapumal manage ; teacher ( maths ) Prabhashana manage ; politician ( 2018 - election )- sri lanka's younger politician. ( He got 62% votes - higher score in sri lanka ) Giwesh manage ; student ( vijitha national school ) References Year of birth missing (living people) Living people Members of the 13th Parliament of Sri Lanka Janatha Vimukthi Peramuna politicians United People's Freedom Alliance politicians
6905428
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20municipalities%20of%20the%20Province%20of%20Catanzaro
List of municipalities of the Province of Catanzaro
The following is a list of the 80 municipalities (comuni) of the Province of Catanzaro, Calabria, Italy. List References Catanzaro
23580529
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kim%20Splidsboel
Kim Splidsboel
Kim Michael Splidsboel (born 25 November 1955) is a Danish football manager and former professional player who played as a sweeper. He was most recently the manager of Danish 2nd Division side, BK Avarta. Playing career Splidsboel played professionally for Hvidovre IF and Herfølge BK. Coaching career Splidsboel has managed Denmark U16, Hvidovre IF, Brøndby IF U23, Holbæk B&I, Dragør BK, Malawi, Værløse BK, and FC Banants from August 2008 to October 2008. He was named manager of B 1908 from January 2010. He left the club at the end of his contract on 31 December 2011. On 30 April 2012, Splidsboel was brought in as manager of B93 in order to save the club from relegation. He left the club following the 2013–14-season. In January 2015 he became new manager of BK Avarta. He was sacked a few months later and replaced by Benny Gall. References 1955 births Living people Danish footballers Footballers from Copenhagen Association football sweepers Hvidovre IF players Herfølge Boldklub players Danish football managers Holbæk B&I managers Malawi national football team managers FC Urartu managers Boldklubben af 1893 managers BK Avarta managers Danish expatriate football managers Expatriate football managers in Malawi Expatriate football managers in Armenia Danish 1st Division players
6905429
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swanton%2C%20California
Swanton, California
Swanton is a small community in an unincorporated area of Santa Cruz County on the Pacific coast, situated about north of the town of Davenport, to the east of State Route 1 on Swanton Road. The US Geological Survey designates Swanton as a populated place located at latitude and longitude with an elevation of . The ZIP Code is 95017 and the community is inside area code 831. The community has numerous small residences and two big occupants – Big Creek Lumber Company and the Swanton Pacific Ranch campus of California Polytechnic State University. Swanton is home to Swanton Pacific Railroad, a one-third-scale small-gauge railroad that runs on of track through the Scott Creek valley using locomotives and cars from the San Francisco Panama Pacific Exposition of 1915. History Ranched with dairy cattle since the California Gold Rush, the area was named after Fred Swanton, builder of the Santa Cruz Beach Boardwalk. It was the northern terminus of the southern branch of the Ocean Shore Railroad until it closed in 1922. Swanton had its own post office from 1897 to 1930, and its own elementary, Seaside School, until 1960. In 2009, Swanton was heavily impacted by the Lockheed Fire that burned for two weeks and consumed nearly , forcing the evacuation of hundreds of residents. It was the first major fire since 1948, $26 million was spent fighting it and it destroyed 13 structures and many millions of dollars of prime timber land, but no houses. In August 2020, Swanton suffered major damage from the CZU Lightning Complex fires. Further information Davenport oral history, (video-recording, series), Community Action Board, (Santa Cruz: Community Television of Santa Cruz County, 1998). References Further reading External links Oral History of Swanton Pacific Ranch Unincorporated communities in California Unincorporated communities in Santa Cruz County, California Populated coastal places in California
23580530
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ellawala%20Medhananda%20Thero
Ellawala Medhananda Thero
Ellawala Medhananda Thero is a Sri Lankan politician and a former member of the Parliament of Sri Lanka. He had also organized many charities and engaged himself in educational activities in under-prevailed rural communities. As an academic scholar (see Pieris, op. cit.) he has published 40 books of academic and archaeological research of which the book on the "Sinhala-Buddhist Heritage in the Northern and Eastern Provinces" published in 2003 by Jayakody Publishers in Colombo is most well known Medhananda was a parliamentarian elected by the Jathika hela Urumaya, a party which campaigned for the rights of Buddhists. As a consequence, many Marxist as well as Tamil separatist writers have criticized him for his alleged right-wing political leanings and pro-majoritarian sentiments. He only presented himself for elections only once. Since then he has devoted himself to charitable works, teaching and scholarly activities in rural regions of Sri Lanka References Living people Members of the 13th Parliament of Sri Lanka Members of the 14th Parliament of Sri Lanka Jathika Hela Urumaya politicians United People's Freedom Alliance politicians 1937 births Sinhalese archaeologists Sri Lankan Buddhist monks
23580534
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/H.%20R.%20Mithrapala
H. R. Mithrapala
H. R. Mithrapala (15 March 1946 – 18 September 2019) was a Sri Lankan politician, a member of the Parliament of Sri Lanka and a government deputy minister. References 1946 births 2019 deaths Members of the Sabaragamuwa Provincial Council Provincial councillors of Sri Lanka Members of the 13th Parliament of Sri Lanka Members of the 14th Parliament of Sri Lanka Government ministers of Sri Lanka Sri Lanka Freedom Party politicians United People's Freedom Alliance politicians Alumni of Bandaranayake College, Gampaha
23580538
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St%20Columba%27s%20Church%2C%20Ennis
St Columba's Church, Ennis
St Columba's Church is a congregation of the Church of Ireland, part of the Anglican Communion, in Ennis, County Clare, western Ireland. St. Columba's was built between 1868 and 1871 as the new building for Drumcliffe Parish to the design by architect Francis Bindon. Previous locations for the parish include Ennis Friary which was vacated by the Franciscan Order in the early nineteenth century. The present building was the last Anglican Church to be built in Ireland before its disestablishment by the Irish Church Act 1869. It is an example of Gothic revival architecture, and its large size bears testimony to the fact that Anglicans were formerly more numerous than they are today, although they are now part of a growing minority of non-Catholics in Ennis and County Clare. Memorials in the church include a wooden grave cross from Ypres, a reminder of World War I (1914–1918). The church hall is accommodated in the rear of the building. This was constructed around 1982-3 during the ministry of the former Dean of Limerick Maurice Talbot. A foyer and meeting hall, with kitchen and toilets were incorporated within the Church from space at the rear of St Columba’s. Churches in County Clare Church of Ireland church buildings in the Republic of Ireland
23580539
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohamed%20Mussammil
Mohamed Mussammil
Mohamed Mussammil (Mohamadu Mohidin Musammil Mohidi) is a Sri Lankan politician and member of a Parliament of Sri Lanka. References Sri Lankan Muslims Living people Members of the 13th Parliament of Sri Lanka Janatha Vimukthi Peramuna politicians Jathika Nidahas Peramuna politicians United People's Freedom Alliance politicians Members of the 16th Parliament of Sri Lanka 1980 births
23580540
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis%20Carpenter%20%28judge%29
Louis Carpenter (judge)
Louis Carpenter (1829, New York – 1863, Kansas) was a Judge in Douglas County, Kansas and was the highest ranking civic member of the town of Lawrence to be murdered by Quantrill's raiders during the Lawrence Massacre. Douglas County Kansas Louis Carpenter was a lawyer, and was a Deputy Clerk of Douglas County, Kansas by June 14, 1859. In late 1860 or early 1861, he became Probate Judge of Douglas County, the first case bearing his name as judge being recorded on February 26, 1861, and on September 29, 1862, he was chosen by the Union Party as their candidate for the office of Attorney General of Kansas. He was enumerated in the 1860 federal census of the Kansas Territory as age 29, born in the state of New York. Lawrence Massacre Judge Carpenter was one of the 185-200 men and boys killed in the Lawrence Massacre on August 21, 1863. He was murdered in his home at 943 New Hampshire Street in Lawrence by members of Quantrill’s Raiders. A detailed account of Judge Carpenter's life and murder in Kansas, and a photograph of him, are posted at the Douglas County Law Library website. Personal Louis Carpenter was born December 14, 1829 in New York state. His parentage is currently unknown as well as most of his life before coming to Kansas. Louis married on October 10, 1862 at the home of his bride’s sister and brother-in-law Abigail (Barber) and Grosvenor C. Morse at Emporia, Kansas to Mary E. Barber, who was born ca. 1838 in Massachusetts according to census records. In 1870, his widow was enumerated at Topeka, Kansas; she married second on January 5, 1871 at Emporia, Kansas to John C. Rankin, and was enumerated in Osage County, Kansas in 1900 and 1910. She was a sister of Harriet A. Barber, who never married, and Abigail Barber, who married Grosvenor C. Morse. References Further reading Definitive biography and photograph of Judge Louis Carpenter by Kerry Altenbernd:http://www.douglascolawlibrary.org/Louis_Carpenter.html. 1829 births 1863 deaths People of Kansas in the American Civil War Civilians killed in the American Civil War Politicians from Lawrence, Kansas People murdered in Kansas 19th-century American lawyers
6905430
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chris%20Buttars
Chris Buttars
D. Chris Buttars (April 1, 1942 – September 10, 2018) was an American politician who served in the Utah State Senate representing the 10th Utah Senate District. He began his service as a state senator in 2001 and resigned in 2011 citing health problems. Early life and career Buttars was born in Logan, Utah on April 1, 1942, and graduated from Utah State University with a B.S. in Marketing/Economics in 1967. Upon graduating from Utah State University he was employed at Amoco Oil Company from 1967 to 1976 as a Retail Sales Manager. In 1976 he became the Executive Director of the Petroleum Retails Organization. He was director of the Utah Boys Ranch, now known as West Ridge Academy, a boarding school for boys. Buttars was married to Helen; they had six children and lived in West Jordan, Utah. He successfully ran for the West Jordan City Council in 1970, and served on the City Council until 1983. Buttars ran for the Utah Senate in 2000, and served as Utah State Senator for district 10 from 2001 to 2011. Buttars served in various Republican Party leadership positions. Buttars was also a recipient of the Boy Scouts of America's Silver Beaver Award for distinguished service to the BSA. He died in 2018 after a period of declining health. Legislation and policy Buttars sponsored legislation against gay straight alliances in public schools, introduced a resolution urging companies to have their employees say "Merry Christmas" rather than "Happy Holidays" to customers, as well as an Intelligent Design Bill. Buttars sponsored legislation to fund drug treatment programs, supported raising the minimum wage and assisting child crime victims. In February, 2010, Buttars proposed eliminating the 12th grade from Utah high schools to close a budget shortfall. Intelligent design During the 2006 General Session of the 56th Utah State Legislature Buttars sponsored S.B. 96, an Intelligent Design Bill. The bill would allow instructors to teach students that evolution is a controversial theory and counter it with the pseudoscience of Creationism, using the term "Divine Design." The New York Times called the bill "Anti-Darwin" and critics have pointed to Buttars' words "Divine Design" as evidence for its religious undertow. The bill passed in the Senate but failed in the House of Representatives. Accusations of racism In an interview with radio hosts Tom Grover & Ryan Yonk, Buttars said that he "[doesn't] know of an example where the minority is being jeopardized by legislative action." When Grover mentioned Brown v. Board of Education, which desegregated American schools, Buttars responded that he thought "Brown v. Board of Education is wrong to begin with." In response to public reaction to his statements and accusations of racism, Buttars responded, "I don't think there's a racial [sic] bone in my body..." and "I don't see black and white. I see people. I always have." During a debate of a school-funding bill on the floor of the State Senate in February 2008, the bill's sponsor compared the bill to the baby involved in the Biblical story of King Solomon. Buttars responded saying, "This baby is black, I'll tell you. This is a dark, ugly thing." Buttars apologized for a remark on the State Senate floor, saying, "I got a little carried away, and I made a comment that I think a lot of people could take as racist. I certainly did not mean that in any way, but it was wrong and could easily be taken in just that way. I apologize to anyone who took offense." In an interview, Buttars said, "We live in a very, very sensitive world. Although what I said had literally nothing in my mind to do with a human being at all — we were talking about an ugly bill — I made a statement that could be easily misinterpreted, and it was." Accusations of racism were made an issue in his 2008 re-election bid against Democrat John Rendell. Less than six months after Buttars' re-election, he was recorded saying of the ACLU, "bless their black little hearts," in an interview with documentary maker and former KTVX ABC 4 reporter Reed Cowan. Cowan’s documentary is called, "8: The Mormon Proposition." Gay rights Buttars was outspoken on issues dealing with homosexuality, and co-sponsored Utah Constitutional Amendment 3 with Utah Boys Ranch colleague LaVar Christensen, which defined marriage in Utah as consisting "only of the legal union between a man and a woman." Buttars criticized the domestic partnership executive order signed by Salt Lake City Mayor Rocky Anderson. Buttars also introduced legislation that would ban gay clubs and gay-straight alliances in public schools. In 2008 Salt Lake City's newly elected Mayor Ralph Becker introduced a domestic partnership registry that was unanimously approved by the City Council. On February 11, 2008 Buttars introduced a counter bill, SB0267, designed to prevent cities or counties from operating any kind of domestic partnership registry, on the grounds that such registries would violate Utah Constitutional Amendment 3's ban on same-sex marriage and domestic unions. The bill failed. In a January 2009 interview with openly gay documentary filmmaker Reed Cowan, for the documentary 8: The Mormon Proposition, Buttars said that gays and lesbians were "the greatest threat to America going down," comparing members of the LGBT community to radical Muslims. "I believe they will destroy the foundation of the American society," he said. On February 20, 2009, Buttars was removed as chairman and member of the Utah State Senate Judicial Standing Committee because of these remarks. Democrats pushed for further sanctions, demanding his removal from the Rules Committee and for his demotion on the Health and Human Services Committee. The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints issued a statement urging "civil and respectful dialogue." It said, "From the outset, the Church's position has always been to engage in civil and respectful dialogue on this issue. Senator Buttars does not speak for the church." Electoral history 2000 2004 2008 See also Utah Boys Ranch List of Utah State Legislatures Utah Republican Party Utah Senate References 1942 births 2018 deaths Latter Day Saints from Utah Utah Republicans Utah city council members Utah state senators Utah State University alumni Politicians from Logan, Utah 21st-century American politicians People from West Jordan, Utah
23580542
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemakumara%20Nanayakkara
Hemakumara Nanayakkara
Hemakumara Wickramathilaka Nanayakkara is a Sri Lankan politician and was the 7th Governor of the Western Province of Sri Lanka, in office since 12 April 2018. He has also been a Governor of the Southern Province, a former member of the Parliament of Sri Lanka and a former government minister. Nanayakkara played active roles for the United National Party victory at the 2001 General election. He was appointed as minister soon after the election. Later in 2007 he decided to support the UPFA. In 2012 Nanayakkara quit from the UPFA to form his own party called Ruhunu Janatha Party. The Party joined United National Party at the 2015 Presidential election to support the common candidate. Soon after the 2015 election victory he was appointed the Governor of Southern Province. See also List of political families in Sri Lanka References Year of birth missing (living people) Living people Members of the 9th Parliament of Sri Lanka Members of the 11th Parliament of Sri Lanka Members of the 12th Parliament of Sri Lanka Members of the 13th Parliament of Sri Lanka Government ministers of Sri Lanka Sri Lanka Freedom Party politicians United National Party politicians United People's Freedom Alliance politicians Alumni of Richmond College, Galle
6905458
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wil%2C%20Z%C3%BCrich
Wil, Zürich
Wil is a municipality in the district of Bülach in the canton of Zürich in Switzerland. Geography Wil has an area of . Of this area, 54.2% is used for agricultural purposes, while 30.4% is forested. Of the rest of the land, 14.5% is settled (buildings or roads) and the remainder (0.9%) is non-productive (rivers, glaciers or mountains). There are border crossings into Germany at near Wil town (to Bühl in Baden-Wurttemberg) and Buchenloo (to Dettighofen in Baden-Wurttemberg). Demographics Wil has a population (as of ) of . , 7.3% of the population was made up of foreign nationals. Over the last 10 years the population has decreased at a rate of -1.6%. Most of the population () speaks German (95.5%), with Spanish being second most common ( 0.8%) and Italian being third ( 0.7%). In the 2007 election the most popular party was the SVP which received 48.5% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the CSP (12.2%), the SPS (11.5%) and the FDP (11.4%). The age distribution of the population () is children and teenagers (0–19 years old) make up 28.1% of the population, while adults (20–64 years old) make up 60.2% and seniors (over 64 years old) make up 11.7%. In Wil about 82% of the population (between age 25–64) have completed either non-mandatory upper secondary education or additional higher education (either university or a Fachhochschule). Wil has an unemployment rate of 1.57%. , there were 76 people employed in the primary economic sector and about 26 businesses involved in this sector. 161 people are employed in the secondary sector and there are 21 businesses in this sector. 147 people are employed in the tertiary sector, with 39 businesses in this sector. Transport Hüntwangen-Wil railway station is a stop of the Zürich S-Bahn on the lines S5 and S22. It is a 33-minute ride from Zürich Hauptbahnhof. References External links Official website Municipalities of the canton of Zürich Germany–Switzerland border crossings
17341592
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/May%202008%20in%20sports
May 2008 in sports
31 May 2008 (Saturday) Athletics: Usain Bolt of Jamaica sets a new world record in the 100 metres, running 9.72 seconds in the Reebok Grand Prix in New York City. Baseball: Manny Ramirez becomes the 24th Major League Baseball player with 500 career home runs, connecting off the Baltimore Orioles' Chad Bradford for a solo shot in the seventh inning of a 6–3 Boston Red Sox win over the Orioles at Camden Yards. Cricket: 2008 Indian Premier League 2nd Semifinal — Chennai Super Kings 116/1 (14.5 ov.) beat Kings XI Punjab 112/8 (20 ov.) by 9 wickets 2008 ICC World Cricket League Division Five Final- 81/8 (37.4 ov) beat 80 (39.5 ov.) by 2 wickets 3rd Place- 189 (46.3 ov.) beat 93 (42.4 ov.) by 96 runs 5th Place- 119 (42.1 ov.) beat 104 (37 ov.) by 15 runs 7th Place- 157/8 (46.1 ov.) beat 153 (45.5 ov.) by 2 wickets 9th Place- 182/3 (43.2 ov.) beat 181 (48.2 ov.) by 7 wickets 11th Place- 116/4 (35.2 ov.) beat 113 (29.3 ov.) by 6 wickets Football: Europeada 2008 Danes in Germany 15 Catalans 1 Rhaetians 5 Germans in Hungary 1 Germans in Denmark 19 North Frissians 4 Welsh 0 Germans in Poland 2 Aromunians 0 South Tyrol 3 Croats in Serbia 0 Roma in Hungary 2 Occitaniians 2 Cimbrians 1 Sorbs 4 Croats in Romania 1 Ice hockey: 2008 Stanley Cup Finals, Game 4 at Pittsburgh: Detroit Red Wings 2, Pittsburgh Penguins 1 — Red Wings lead series 3–1 Rugby union: Guinness Premiership Final at Twickenham, London: London Wasps 26–16 Leicester Tigers In front of a capacity crowd of 81,600, a world record for a club match in rugby union, Wasps give their retiring captain Lawrence Dallaglio a grand send-off by winning their fourth Premiership title in six seasons. Super 14 Final at Christchurch: Crusaders 20–12 Waratahs 30 May 2008 (Friday) Basketball: NBA Eastern Conference Finals, Game 6 at Auburn Hills, Michigan: Boston Celtics 89, Detroit Pistons 81 — Celtics win series 4–2 The Celtics advance to their first NBA Finals in over 20 years. Cricket: 2008 Indian Premier League 1st Semifinal — Rajasthan Royals 192/9 (20 ov.) beat Delhi Daredevils 87 (16.1 ov.) by 105 runs 2008 ICC World Cricket League Division Five Semifinal 1- 142 (49.3 ov.) beat 105 (45.5 ov.) by 37 runs Semifinal 2- 220/5 (50 ov.) beat 136 (38.2 ov.) by 84 runs 5th Place Semifinal 1- 126 (45.4 ov.) beat 117 (38.5 ov.) by 9 runs 5th Place Semifinal 2- 203/8 (50 ov.) beat 149 (46.4 ov.) by 54 runs 9th Place Semifinal 1- 238/6 (50 ov.) beat 139 (39.3 ov.) by 99 runs 9th Place Semifinal 2- 202/5 (50 ov.) beat 150 (39.5 ov.) by 52 runs 29 May 2008 (Thursday) Association football: Scottish Premier League: Gretna were demoted a further two divisions, due to their financial instability. They are scheduled to play their 2008–09 games in the Scottish Third Division, however this is not certain due to Gretna having no squad members. FA Premier League: Henk ten Cate is relieved of his role as assistant manager of Chelsea, 5 days after the sacking of manager Avram Grant. Major League Baseball San Francisco Giants 4, Arizona Diamondbacks 3 In a no-decision, pitcher Randy Johnson throws 9 strikeouts, tying him for the second-most strikeouts in an MLB career with Roger Clemens, with 4,672. Basketball: NBA Western Conference Finals, Game 5 at Los Angeles: Los Angeles Lakers 100, San Antonio Spurs 92 — Lakers win series 4–1 Lakers advance to their first NBA Finals in the post-Shaq era. Cricket: 2008 ICC World Cricket League Division Five 201 (34.5 ov.) beat 67/5 (27/27 ov.) by 52 runs(D/L) Rain shortened Japan's innings to 27 overs 151/4 (37.2 ov.) beat 145 (47.1 ov.) by 6 wickets 88/4 (22 ov.) vs. -No Result 182 (50 ov.) vs. -No result The match between Japan and Singapore was a replay from 26 May. All other matches are replays from 28 May. The rained out matches will not be replayed. These matches conclude the group stage of the tournament. Vying for 1st place is , , , Vying for 5th place is , , , Vying for 9th place is , , , 28 May 2008 (Wednesday) Basketball: NBA Eastern Conference Finals, Game 5 at Boston: Boston Celtics 106, Detroit Pistons 102 — Celtics lead series 3–2 Cricket: 2008 ICC World Cricket League Division Five vs. -Match abandoned without a ball bowled vs. -Match abandoned without a ball bowled vs. -Match abandoned without a ball bowled vs. -Match abandoned without a ball bowled vs. -Match abandoned without a ball bowled vs. -Match abandoned without a ball bowled The ICC Event Technical Committee, as per 12.1.6 of the ICC World Cricket League Division 5 Playing Conditions, decided not to replay all of group B's abandoned games( vs. , vs. , vs. ). Group A's abandoned matches, along with a match between and are to be played on 29 May. Ice hockey: 2008 Stanley Cup Finals, Game 3 at Pittsburgh: Pittsburgh Penguins 3, Detroit Red Wings 2 — Red Wings lead series 2–1 Shooting: ISSF World Cup in Milan, Italy , the reigning World Junior Champion, equals the world record in 25 m Rapid Fire Pistol with 591 points and enters the final one point ahead of teammate Ralf Schumann. Increasing the gap to the runner-up by over three points, he then raises Schumann's week-old final world record from 790.0 to 794.0. 27 May 2008 (Tuesday) Basketball: NBA Western Conference Finals at San Antonio, Texas: Los Angeles Lakers 93, San Antonio Spurs 91 — Lakers lead series 3–1 Cricket: 2008 ICC World Cricket League Division Five 107/4 (28.1/33 ov.) beat 104 (32.4/33 ov.) by 6 wickets Match reduced to 33 overs a side due to rain 111/7 (33.4/36 ov.) beat 110 (33.2/36 ov.) by 3 wickets Match reduced to 36 overs a side due to rain 220/9 (46/46 ov.) beat 83 (32.1/46 ov.) by 137 runs Match reduced to 46 overs a side due to rain 145 (29.3/30 ov.) beat 76 (20.2/30 ov.) by 69 runs Match reduced to 30 overs a side due to rain 115 (24.2/26 ov.) tied 115/8 (26/26 ov.) Match reduced to 26 overs a side due to rain 67/3 (15.1 ov.) beat 66 (39.3 ov.) by 7 wickets 26 May 2008 (Monday) Basketball: NBA Eastern Conference Finals, Game 4 at Auburn Hills, Michigan: Detroit Pistons 94, Boston Celtics 75 — Series tied 2–2 Ice hockey: 2008 Stanley Cup Finals, Game 2 at Detroit: Detroit Red Wings 3, Pittsburgh Penguins 0 — Red Wings lead series 2–0 Cricket: Australian cricket team in the West Indies in 2008 1st Test- 431 (126.5 ov.) & 167 (56.5 ov.) beat 312 (106 ov.) & 191 (67 ov.) by 95 runs lead the 3 Test series 1–0 New Zealand cricket team in England in 2008 2nd Test- 202 (83.3 ov.) & 294/4 (88 ov.) beat 381 (90.3 ov.) & 114 (41.2 ov.) by 6 wickets lead the 3 Test series 1–0 2008 ICC World Cricket League Division Five 97/3 (28.1 ov.) beat 96 (38.2 ov.) by 7 wickets 204 (49.4 ov.) beat 96 (46.4 ov.) by 108 runs 89/3 (19.2/24 ov.) beat 88/9 (24/24 ov.) by 7 wickets Match reduced to 24 overs a side due to rain 129/3 (19.5 ov.) beat 128 (34.4 ov.) by 7 wickets 206/4 (32/32 ov.) beat 78 (25.2/32 ov.) by 128 runs Match reduced to 32 overs a side due to rain vs. -Match abandoned without a ball bowled 25 May 2008 (Sunday) Ice hockey: 2008 Memorial Cup final in Kitchener, Ontario: Spokane Chiefs (Western Hockey League) 4, Kitchener Rangers (Ontario Hockey League) 1 Auto racing: 92nd Indianapolis 500: Indianapolis Motor Speedway in Speedway, Indiana (1) Scott Dixon (2) Vítor Meira (3) Marco Andretti Formula One: Monaco Grand Prix in Monte Carlo, Monaco (1) Lewis Hamilton (2) Robert Kubica (3) Felipe Massa NASCAR Sprint Cup: Coca-Cola 600 in Concord, North Carolina (1) Kasey Kahne (2) Kyle Busch (3) Greg Biffle Basketball: NBA Western Conference Finals at San Antonio, Texas: San Antonio Spurs 103, Los Angeles Lakers 84 — Lakers lead series 2–1 Cricket: 2008 ICC World Cricket League Division Five 49/5 (6.3 ov.) beat 46 (24 ov.) by 5 wickets 87/0 (14.5 ov.) beat 85 (31.1 ov.) by 10 wickets 238/7 (50 ov.) beat 19 (14.5 ov.) BY 219 runs Mehboob Alam becomes the first bowler to take all ten wickets in an innings in an ICC recognized tournament. 184/7 (47.3 ov.) beat 183/9 (50 ov.) by 3 wickets 125/2 (34.1 ov.) beat 124/8 (50 ov.) by 8 wickets All matches above are replays of abandoned matches from May 24. Rugby sevens: IRB Sevens London Sevens at Twickenham Cup Final: 19–14 clinch the overall series crown with one round to spare by winning the Plate competition. 24 May 2008 (Saturday) Basketball: NBA Eastern Conference Finals at Auburn Hills, Michigan: Boston Celtics 94, Detroit Pistons 80 — Celtics lead series 2–1 Cricket 2008 ICC World Cricket League Division Five 78/4 (9 ov.) beat 75 (28.1 ov.) by 6 wickets 70 (28.5 ov.) vs. 2/0 (0.1 ov.)- No Result 108/1 (21 ov.) vs. - No result 105/5 (24.2 ov.) vs. - No result 91/1 (23 ov.) vs. - No result 140/0 (26 ov.) vs. - No result Ice hockey: 2008 Stanley Cup Finals, Game 1 at Detroit: Detroit Red Wings 4, Pittsburgh Penguins 0 – Red Wings lead series, 1–0 Rugby union: Heineken Cup Final in Cardiff Toulouse 13–16 (Ireland) Munster Super 14 semifinals Crusaders 33–22 Hurricanes in Christchurch Waratahs 28–13 Sharks in Sydney Shooting: ISSF World Cup in Milan, Italy becomes the tenth woman to break maximum 400 points in the qualification round of 10 m Air Rifle, and sets a new final record after a score of 105.0 (out of the possible 109.0) in the final round. 23 May 2008 (Friday) Basketball: NBA Western Conference Finals at Los Angeles: Los Angeles Lakers 101, San Antonio Spurs 71 — Lakers lead series 2–0 Cricket 2008 ICC World Cricket League Division Five 70/3 (20.2 ov.) beat 69 (39.4 ov) by 7 wickets 150/1 (27.4 ov.) beat 148/7 (50 ov.) by 9 wickets 360/3 (50 ov.) beat 177 (39.5 ov.) by 183 runs 179 (35.2 ov.) beat 87 (40.2 ov.) by 92 runs 205 (48.4 ov.) beat 135 (36 ov.) by 70 runs 189 (49.4 ov.) beat 96 (41.4 ov.) by 93 runs 22 May 2008 (Thursday) Basketball: NBA Eastern Conference Finals at Boston: Detroit Pistons 103, Boston Celtics 97 — Series tied 1–1 Detroit hands Boston its first home loss in the 2008 NBA Playoffs, and takes home court advantage. Soccer: 2008 Toulon Tournament: The 36th edition of the U-21 tourny is shaping up as and have already qualified to the semi-finals from group A which included the host and the 2 time back to back U-21 Euro Champions . and meet tomorrow to finalize the group A standings. 21 May 2008 (Wednesday) Association football: 2007–08 UEFA Champions League Final Manchester United 1–1 Chelsea (6–5 penalty shootout) Cristiano Ronaldo kicks off the scoring for the Red Devils in the 26th minute, and Frank Lampard answers for the Blues in the 45th minute. After a clean second half and scoreless extra time, Ronaldo has United's third penalty kick saved by Petr Čech. But John Terry misses the fifth (and what would have been final) penalty kick for Chelsea to make it square again. The Red Devils seal the Champions League/Premier League double when Edwin van der Sar saves Nicolas Anelka's attempt in the seventh round. Basketball: NBA Western Conference Finals at Los Angeles: Los Angeles Lakers 89, San Antonio Spurs 85 — Lakers lead series 1–0 The Lakers erase a 20-point third-quarter deficit to take the series lead. 20 May 2008 (Tuesday) American football: NFL owners unanimously vote to opt out of the league's collective bargaining agreement with its players' union. This could lead to a season without a salary cap in 2010 and a lockout in 2011. The league, however, said that negotiations for a new agreement will continue. (ESPN) The league's owners also award Super Bowl XLVI (2012) to the soon-to-be-opened Lucas Oil Stadium in Indianapolis. Basketball: NBA Eastern Conference Finals at Boston: Boston Celtics 88, Detroit Pistons 79 — Celtics lead series 1–0 2008 NBA draft Lottery: The Chicago Bulls earn the first pick in the draft despite having only a 1.7% chance of winning the lottery. The Miami Heat, with the league's worst record, draw the second pick. 19 May 2008 (Monday) Baseball: Boston Red Sox pitcher Jon Lester throws a no-hitter in Boston's 7–0 home win over the Kansas City Royals. It is the first no-hitter in the majors since teammate Clay Buchholz performed the feat against Baltimore last September. Lester gives up nothing but two walks and strikes out nine. Jason Varitek becomes the first catcher to catch four Major League no-hitters. Basketball: NBA Conference Semifinals: Western Conference Semifinals: San Antonio Spurs 91, New Orleans Hornets 82 — Spurs win series 4–3 The Spurs, with Manu Ginóbili leading all scorers with 26 and Tim Duncan picking up a double-double, survive a furious fourth-quarter Hornets comeback in New Orleans that saw a 17-point lead reduced to 3 within the last two minutes. They now travel to Los Angeles to start the Western Conference Finals with the Lakers. Cricket: New Zealand cricket team in England in 2008 1st Test- 319 (111.3 ov.) drew with 277 (86.2 ov.) & 269/6 (86.2 ov.) Ice hockey: 2008 Stanley Cup playoffs Detroit Red Wings 4, Dallas Stars 1 — Red Wings win series 4–2 In the Western Conference finals, the Red Wings win the Clarence S. Campbell Bowl as conference champions, and will face the Pittsburgh Penguins in the best-of-seven Stanley Cup Finals. Shooting: ISSF World Cup in Munich, Germany , the three-time Olympic champion, wins the high-class 25 m Rapid Fire Pistol competition with a new final world record of 790.0 points, 1.2 points higher than his own year-old mark. 18 May 2008 (Sunday) Auto racing: Deutsche Tourenwagen Masters: Round 4 at EuroSpeedway, Germany (1) Paul di Resta (2) Timo Scheider (3) Mattias Ekström FIA GT Championship: Monza 2 Hours in Autodromo Nazionale Monza, Italy (1) Christophe Bouchut & Xavier Maassen (2) Alexandre Negrao & Miguel Ramos (3) Philipp Peter & Allan Simonsen World Rally Championship: Rally d'Italia Sardegna around Porto Cervo, Italy (1) Sébastien Loeb (2) Mikko Hirvonen (3) Jari-Matti Latvala Ice hockey: 2008 IIHF World Championship: 5–4 Ilya Kovalchuk scores his first goal of the tournament to tie the game with only five minutes left in regulation time, and his second in overtime, giving Russia its second title (24th if combined with the Soviet Union). Silver medalist Dany Heatley is named the tournament's most valuable player after a total of 20 points. 2008 Stanley Cup playoffs: Pittsburgh Penguins 6, Philadelphia Flyers 0 — Penguins win series 4–1 The Penguins comfortably win the Pennsylvania derby to win the Prince of Wales Trophy as Eastern Conference champions, and clinch a place in the Stanley Cup Finals. Basketball: NBA Conference Semifinals: Eastern Conference Semifinals: Boston Celtics 97, Cleveland Cavaliers 92 — Celtics win series 4–3 Paul Pierce scores 41 points, including the clinching free throws with 7.9 seconds left, and the Celtics survive a 45-point onslaught from LeBron James at home. Motorcycle racing: Moto GP F.I.M. Road Racing World Championship: French motorcycle Grand Prix, at Le Mans Bugatti Circuit near Le Mans, France. (1) Valentino Rossi (2) Jorge Lorenzo (3) Colin Edwards 17 May 2008 (Saturday) Association football: 2008 FA Cup Final at Wembley Stadium, London Cardiff City 0–1 Portsmouth 1948–49 Nwankwo Kanu's goal in the 37th minute is enough to give Pompey their first major trophy since winning back-to-back league titles in 1949 and 1950 and their first FA Cup since 1939. Auto racing: NASCAR Sprint Cup: Sprint All-Star Race in Concord, North Carolina (1) Kasey Kahne (2) Greg Biffle (3) Matt Kenseth Kahne becomes the first driver to enter the All-Star Race via fan voting to win the non-points race and its $1 million first prize. Horse racing: U.S. Triple Crown 2008 Preakness Stakes: (1) Big Brown (2) Macho Again (3) Icabad Crane Big Brown becomes the fourth horse to complete the Derby–Preakness double while still unbeaten, winning by 5¼ lengths. He will be the eleventh horse to enter the Belmont Stakes with a chance at the Triple Crown since Affirmed became the most recent horse to win it in 1978. Ice hockey: 2008 IIHF World Championship: 4–0 Goaltender Niklas Bäckström saves all 36 shots in Quebec City as Finland claims the bronze medals. <div id="16_May_2008"> </div id> 16 May 2008 (Friday) Baseball: Jayson Werth hits three home runs and ties a Philadelphia Phillies record with eight runs batted in in the Phillies' 10–3 win over the Toronto Blue Jays. 2008 Summer Olympics South African double-amputee sprinter Oscar Pistorius, who had previously been disqualified from participating in the Olympic Games by the IAAF because he uses prosthetic legs, has won an appeal of the decision to the Court of Arbitration for Sport. The IAAF accepted the decision. He is cleared to qualify for individual events, and has already been selected for relay events. Basketball: NBA Conference Semifinals: Western Conference Semifinals: Los Angeles Lakers 108, Utah Jazz 105, Lakers win series 4–2 A furious comeback from the Jazz on their home floor fizzled out when Deron Williams and Andrei Kirilenko missed three-pointers that could have sent the game into overtime in the dying seconds. The two other ongoing series—New Orleans Hornets–San Antonio Spurs in the Western Conference and the Boston Celtics–Cleveland Cavaliers in the Eastern Conference—were extended to Game 7, with the home teams winning all games so far in both series. <div id="15_May_2008"> </div id> 15 May 2008 (Thursday) Baseball: The Oakland A's score an unearned run off Aaron Laffey in the second inning of their 4–2 loss to the Cleveland Indians, ending the scoreless streak of Indians starting pitchers at 44⅓ innings. The streak was the longest of its type in the Major Leagues in 34 years. Tribe starters still haven't given up an earned run in 50⅓ innings. (AP via Yahoo) <div id="14_May_2008"> </div id> 14 May 2008 (Wednesday) Association football: 2008 UEFA Cup Final in Manchester Zenit St. Petersburg 2–0 Rangers Zenit break a scoreless tie in the 72nd minute with an Igor Denisov goal, and the Russians put an exclamation point on their win with a Konstantin Zyryanov goal in added time. The game is marred by rioting among Rangers supporters in the Manchester city centre. Tennis: Citing burnout, World No. 1 woman Justine Henin announces her retirement, effective immediately. (AP via ESPN) <div id="13_May_2008"> </div id> 13 May 2008 (Tuesday) Basketball: NBA Conference Semifinals: Eastern Conference Semifinals: Detroit Pistons 91, Orlando Magic 86, Detroit wins series 4–1 National Football League: NFL Commissioner Roger Goodell, in a news conference following a three-hour meeting with former New England Patriots video assistant Matt Walsh regarding the Spygate affair, indicates that the league learned nothing new as a result of the meeting. (AP via ESPN) Golf: Annika Sörenstam, the leading money-winner in the history of the LPGA, announces her retirement effective at the end of the 2008 season. (AP via ESPN) <div id="12_May_2008"> </div id> 12 May 2008 (Monday) Major League Baseball Toronto Blue Jays 3, Cleveland Indians 0, 10 innings. In the top of the fifth inning during the second game of a doubleheader, Indians second baseman Asdrúbal Cabrera turns the 14th unassisted triple play in MLB history, and the fourth turned by a second baseman. He started it by catching a line drive by Lyle Overbay for the first out, then touched second base to bring the second out on Kevin Mench, and tagged out Marco Scutaro for the third out. Tennis 2008 Hamburg Masters 2008 Rome Masters <div id="11_May_2008"> </div id> 11 May 2008 (Sunday) Association football: Barclays Premiership Wigan Athletic 0–2 Manchester United Man U win their 10th league title with a win at JJB Stadium. Cristiano Ronaldo's 41st goal of the season and a goal from Ryan Giggs, on his 758th appearance for the club, tying Sir Bobby Charlton's record, score the goals which gives Sir Alex Ferguson the title, by two points. Chelsea 1–1 Bolton Wanderers Avram Grant's side come up short in their title ambitions, after stuttering to a draw at home to Bolton. Andriy Shevchenko had given the Blues the lead, but a late equaliser from Kevin Davies helped to cement Bolton's place in the Premiership and diminish Chelsea's slim chance of the title. Portsmouth 0–1 Fulham Fulham complete their escape from the relegation zone with a hard-fought victory at FA Cup finalists Portsmouth. Danny Murphy's goal gave the Londoners the vital three points that they required to relegate both Birmingham City and Reading. Birmingham 4–1 Blackburn Derby County 0–4 Reading Derby County finished the worst season for a Premiership member with one win, eight draws and 29 losses for a total of 11 points and a goal differential of minus-69 (with 20 goals scored as a team, were outscored by three players and 89 against, also premiership records) surpassing the 2003–04 and 2005–06 Sunderland teams, and their 29 losses tied the 2005–06 Black Cats' total losses. Everton 3–1 Newcastle Middlesbrough 8–1 Manchester City Sunderland 0–1 Arsenal Tottenham Hotspur 0–2 Liverpool West Ham United 2–2 Aston Villa Auto racing: Formula One: Turkish Grand Prix, at Istanbul Park, Turkey: (1) Felipe Massa (2) Lewis Hamilton (3) Kimi Räikkönen Le Mans Series: 1000km of Spa in Circuit de Spa-Francorchamps, Belgium (1) Nicolas Minassian , Marc Gené & Jacques Villeneuve (2) Alexandre Prémat & Mike Rockenfeller (3) Olivier Panis & Nicolas Lapierre V8 Supercar: BigPond 400, at Barbagallo Raceway, Australia: (1) Mark Winterbottom (2) Garth Tander (3) Jamie Whincup Motorcycle racing: Superbike: Monza Superbike World Championship round, at Autodromo Nazionale Monza, Italy: Race 1 (1) Max Neukirchner (2) Noriyuki Haga (3) Troy Bayliss Race 2 (1) Noriyuki Haga (2) Max Neukirchner (3) Ryuichi Kiyonari U.S. college basketball: The ESPN series Outside the Lines reports that former USC star O. J. Mayo received thousands of dollars in cash and merchandise from a runner for a sports agent during Mayo's high school career and his only season at USC. These benefits are against NCAA rules. (ESPN) <div id="10_May_2008"> </div id> 10 May 2008 (Saturday) Auto racing: NASCAR Sprint Cup: Dodge Challenger 500 in Darlington, South Carolina (1) Kyle Busch (2) Carl Edwards (3) Jeff Gordon Major League Baseball: With a 3–2 victory over the Colorado Rockies, San Diego Padres pitcher Greg Maddux becomes just the ninth pitcher in Major League history with 350 career wins. (ESPN.com) Shooting: ISSF World Cup in Kerrville, Texas equals his own final world record in Trap, hitting 148 of 150 targets. <div id="7_May_2008"> </div id> 7 May 2008 (Wednesday) Ice hockey: National Hockey League: The Toronto Maple Leafs fire head coach Paul Maurice. Major League Baseball: Cincinnati Reds rookie Joey Votto hits three of the Reds' seven home runs in their 9–0 win over the Chicago Cubs. Cubs pitcher Jon Lieber gives up four homers in the second inning, becoming the second hurler in team history to give up four home runs in an inning. (AP via Yahoo) <div id="6_May_2008"> </div id> 6 May 2008 (Tuesday) Basketball: Kobe Bryant of the Los Angeles Lakers wins his first National Basketball Association Most Valuable Player Award. <div id="4_May_2008"> </div id> 4 May 2008 (Sunday) Auto racing: A1 Grand Prix: Round 10 at Brands Hatch, Great Britain (1) Narain Karthikeyan (2) Robbie Kerr (3) Neel Jani A1 Team Switzerland win the third A1 Grand Prix season ahead of A1 Team New Zealand and A1 Team Great Britain. Deutsche Tourenwagen Masters: Round 3 at Mugello, Italy (1) Jamie Green (2) Paul di Resta (3) Tom Kristensen Basketball: Euroleague Final Four in Madrid Championship Maccabi Tel Aviv 77–91 CSKA Moscow Behind a balanced attack that saw six players score in double figures, CSKA win their second Euroleague crown in three years and sixth overall. CSKA's Trajan Langdon, who led the winners with 21 points, is named Final Four MVP. Third place: Montepaschi Siena 97–93 TAU Cerámica (overtime) NBA Playoffs–First Round: Eastern Conference First Round: Boston Celtics 99, Atlanta Hawks 65, Boston wins series 4–3 Despite being blown out at the TD Banknorth Garden, the Hawks were able to survive the Celtics at the Philips Arena to force game 7 in which the Celtics easily won. Ice hockey – National Hockey League: 2008 Stanley Cup playoffs Eastern Conference Semifinals Pittsburgh Penguins 3, New York Rangers 2 (OT), Pittsburgh wins series 4–1 Western Conference Semifinals Dallas Stars 2, San Jose Sharks 1, (4OT), Dallas wins series 4–2 Brenden Morrow scores a goal at the 9:03 mark of the fourth overtime period, the fifth-longest game in modern NHL history, to eliminate the Sharks. Motorcycle racing: Moto GP F.I.M. Road Racing World Championship: Chinese motorcycle Grand Prix, at Shanghai International Circuit near Shanghai, China. (1) Valentino Rossi (2) Dani Pedrosa (3) Casey Stoner <div id="3_May_2008"> </div id> 3 May 2008 (Saturday) Track and field: In the Jamaica International Invitational, Usain Bolt runs the 100 meter dash in 9.76 seconds, the second-fastest time ever recorded. Fellow Jamaican Asafa Powell set the world record of 9.74 seconds last year. (AP via Yahoo) Auto racing: NASCAR Sprint Cup: Crown Royal Presents the Dan Lowry 400 in Richmond, Virginia (1) Clint Bowyer (2) Kyle Busch (3) Mark Martin Polo 2008 World Polo Championship beats 11–9 in the final to win the championship for the first time. Horse racing: U.S. Triple Crown 2008 Kentucky Derby: (1) Big Brown (2) Eight Belles (3) Denis of Cork Favorite Big Brown wins by 4¾ lengths. Second-place finisher Eight Belles breaks both front ankles during the post-race cool-down and is euthanized. British Triple Crown 2,000 Guineas Stakes: (1) Henrythenavigator (2) New Approach (3) Stubbs Art NHL 2008 Stanley Cup playoffs Eastern Conference Semifinals Philadelphia Flyers 6, Montreal Canadiens 4, Philadelphia wins series 4–1 <div id="2_May_2008"> </div id> 2 May 2008 (Friday) Basketball: Euroleague Final Four in Madrid — semifinals Montepaschi Siena 85–93 Maccabi Tel Aviv TAU Cerámica 79–83 CSKA Moscow NBA Playoffs–First Round: Eastern Conference First Round: Cleveland Cavaliers 105, Washington Wizards 88, Cleveland wins series 4–2 Western Conference First Round: Utah Jazz 113, Houston Rockets 91, Utah wins series 4–2 <div id="1_May_2008"> </div id> 1 May 2008 (Thursday) NBA: Kevin Durant of the Seattle SuperSonics is named NBA Rookie of the Year. NHL 2008 Stanley Cup playoffs Western Conference Semifinals Detroit Red Wings 8, Colorado Avalanche 2, Detroit wins series 4–0 Association football: UEFA Cup semifinals, second leg Zenit St. Petersburg 4–0 Bayern Munich: Zenit win 5–1 on aggregate Dick Advocaat's side progress to their first major European final after a dominant performance over the former winners of the tournament. Goals from Pavel Pogrebnyak (2), Konstantin Zyryanov and Viktor Fayzulin inflict the joint-worst defeat suffered by Bayern in European competition. Pogrebnyak will miss the final however, after picking up a yellow card for an elbow to the face of Lúcio, having taken his scoring tally for the competition to 11. Fiorentina 0–0 Rangers (aet): 0–0 on aggregate, Rangers win 4–2 on penalties Walter Smith guided his 10-man Rangers team to their first European final since 1972 after a hard-fought display in Florence. Despite having Daniel Cousin sent off in extra time, Rangers held out for the duration and took the game to a penalty shootout. At first, things looked bad for the Scots, when Sébastien Frey brilliantly saved Barry Ferguson's penalty. Kuzmanović, Whittaker, Montolivo and Papac were all successful with their kicks to leave the score at 2–2. Fiorentina's third penalty-taker Fabio Liverani then saw his penalty saved by Neil Alexander to leave the shootout level. Brahim Hemdani then scored to make it 3–2, which meant that Christian Vieri had to score to keep the fate of the shootout in their hands. He ballooned the penalty over the bar, which left Nacho Novo to score the winning penalty and see Rangers into the final. References 05
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S.%20B.%20Nawinne
S. B. Nawinne
R. M. Seneviratne Bandara Nawinne (born 24 February 1946) is a member of United National Party and a member of the Parliament of Sri Lanka. He was long time member of Sri Lanka Freedom Party but cross to the United National Party in 2015 General elections. He was appointed as a cabinet minister under the National Government led by Prime Minister Ranil Wickramasinghe. Nawinne held key ministerial positions of the United People's Freedom Alliance and Peoples Alliance governments from 1994. Later in 2000 he was appointed as the Chief Minister of North Western Province References Living people Members of the 9th Parliament of Sri Lanka Members of the 10th Parliament of Sri Lanka Members of the 11th Parliament of Sri Lanka Members of the 12th Parliament of Sri Lanka Members of the 13th Parliament of Sri Lanka Members of the 14th Parliament of Sri Lanka Members of the 15th Parliament of Sri Lanka Chief Ministers of North Western Province, Sri Lanka Sri Lanka Freedom Party politicians United People's Freedom Alliance politicians 1946 births Labour ministers of Sri Lanka Culture ministers of Sri Lanka Internal affairs ministers of Sri Lanka
23580551
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lakshman%20Nipuna%20Arachchi
Lakshman Nipuna Arachchi
Lakshman Nipuna Arachchi is a Sri Lankan politician and a former member of the Parliament of Sri Lanka. He is the replacement for former army chief Sarath Fonseka in Sri Lanka's parliament.He is currently the General Secretary of Leftiest Janatha Vimukthi Peramuna led National People's Power Alliance. References Year of birth missing (living people) Living people Members of the 13th Parliament of Sri Lanka Janatha Vimukthi Peramuna politicians United People's Freedom Alliance politicians
23580554
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Udawatte%20Nanda%20Thero
Udawatte Nanda Thero
Udawatte Nanda Thero (or Udawatte Nanda) is a Sri Lankan politician and a former member of the Parliament of Sri Lanka. In the 2010 general election he contested from the Sri Lanka National Front in Kandy District but was not elected. During the campaign he criticized his former party, the JHU and said that it was hijacked by laymen. References Year of birth missing (living people) Living people Members of the 13th Parliament of Sri Lanka Jathika Hela Urumaya politicians United People's Freedom Alliance politicians
23580558
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Y.%20M.%20Nawaratna%20Banda
Y. M. Nawaratna Banda
Yapa Mudiyanselage Nawaratna Banda is a Sri Lankan politician and a former member of the Parliament of Sri Lanka. References Year of birth missing (living people) Living people Members of the 13th Parliament of Sri Lanka Janatha Vimukthi Peramuna politicians United People's Freedom Alliance politicians
23580563
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S.%20Nijamudeen
S. Nijamudeen
Sihabdeen Nijamudeen (sometimes Najamudeen Sihabdeen) (born in Eastern Sri Lanka) is a Sri Lankan politician and a former member of the Parliament of Sri Lanka. He was the Deputy Minister of Public Estate Management and Development which governs estates including the Tea Estates of Sri Lanka. Hon. Minister Sihabdeen Nijamudeen grew up in Sainthamaruthu; on the Eastern Coast. Sainthamaruthu is a fast developing commercial area under the Kalmunai Municipal Council. It comprises seventeen G.S. divisions and nine wards in the Municipal Council. There is a separate Divisional Secretary's Division, an M.P.C.S., a main post office and a fully equipped basic hospital for this area. The oldest market in this location had been turned into a modern market complex. There is also an Agriculture Productivity Centre to serve the farmers of this area. A separate educational circuit too established in this area very recently. The Kalmunai-Ampara (K.A.I.) main road passing through this area had become a busy commercial bazaar and the business turn over had multiplied rapidly This village is one of the olden village which is situated in the eastern coast of Sri Lanka. predominantly concentrated with a Muslim population. This is one of the places in Sri Lanka where you find 100% Tamil Speaking Muslims and it is the heart of the Sri Lankan Muslim Congress which holds roughly 12000 votes which belongs to the SLMC political party. This is where the late leader Hon. MHM Ashraff was elected as a Member of Parliament then later he became the most dominant Muslim in Sri Lankan politics. Deputy Minister S. Nijamudeen is also renowned for being one of the most approachable public figures in Sri Lankan politics as someone willing to listen to the common man during official and after hours. References Living people Members of the 13th Parliament of Sri Lanka People from Eastern Province, Sri Lanka Sri Lanka Muslim Congress politicians Sri Lankan Moor politicians United People's Freedom Alliance politicians Year of birth missing (living people)
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Jaggerz
The Jaggerz
The Jaggerz are an American rock band from Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. They came to national attention with their single "The Rapper" which was released on the Kama Sutra label. "The Rapper" was No. 1 in the Record World Charts and No. 2 in the Billboard Hot 100 in March 1970. Having sold over one million copies, the recording received a gold record awarded by the R.I.A.A. The band's name derives from the Western Pennsylvania English term, "jagger," meaning any small, sharp-pointed object, typically thorns, spines, and prickles. They were managed by The Skyliners manager, Joe Rock. History Early years and debut album (1964–1969) While attending Slippery Rock State College, now known as Slippery Rock University of Pennsylvania, Donnie Iris (birth name Dominic Ierace) started a band called the Tri-Vels. The band became known as Donnie and the Donnells when the line up increased from three members to four. Shortly after dropping out of college, Iris found out that a band called Gary and the Jewel Tones, of which Jimmie Ross was a member, needed a new guitarist. This gave birth to a new band called the "Jaggers". Forming around 1964, they began playing night clubs and other venues for the next few years gathering a respectable following in the region. Their lineup consisted of Iris, Allen George, Benny Faiella, and Kenny Koodrich. In 1968, the Jaggers signed with Gamble Records. The Philadelphia soul music team of Kenny Gamble and Leon Huff produced their debut album which was recorded in Philadelphia. While in the early stages of recording the album, Jimmie Ross saw a magazine advertisement featuring another band called "The Jaggers". In order to avoid confusion, manager Joe Rock suggested that the "s" in "Jaggers" be changed to a "z". In 1969, their debut album, Introducing the Jaggerz, was released. It is a blue-eyed soul album featuring the Jaggerz original song "(That's Why) Baby I Love You", the Ken Gamble tune "Together" and "Gotta Find My Way Back Home", written by Melvin & Mervin Steals who later wrote "Could It Be I'm Falling in Love" for the Spinners. Achieving most of its airplay in the group's native western Pennsylvania, it was a moderate success. Second album and success with "The Rapper" (1970–1973) In its November 22, 1969 article, Record World stated that Buddah Records had reactivated its Kama Sutra label and The Jaggerz along with The Sir Men had been signed to Kama Sutra. So by 1970, the Jaggerz had left Gamble and signed with Neil Bogart's Kama Sutra label. There they recorded their second album, We Went to Different Schools Together, which was released in 1970. One of the singles from We Went to Different Schools Together became the group's first chart-topping hit. "The Rapper", written by Donnie Iris, was released to the Pittsburgh market in December 1969. It quickly rose on the KQV Top 40 singles chart reaching No. 1 on the week of January 5, 1970. It was No. 1 on KQV for four straight weeks during January 1970. Released nationally "The Rapper" reached No. 2 on the Billboard Hot 100 on March 21, 1970. It was on the Hot 100 chart for 13 weeks and was certified gold by the RIAA. Another additional track from the album reached the Hot 100: "I Call My Baby Candy" peaked at No. 75 and "What A Bummer" (a non-album track) climbed to No. 88. The album went to No. 62 on the Billboard Top 200 chart. The album’s classic R&B tune "Memoirs of a Traveler" written by Benny Faiella and Donnie Iris was sampled by Wiz Khalifa, The Game, Slum Village and seven other hip hop artists. The Jaggerz continued to release singles through Kama Sutra until 1973, when they moved to the RCA subsidiary Wooden Nickel Records. In 1973 the Jaggerz performed on the Wolfman Jack novelty album "Through The Ages" that was released on Wooden Nickel Records. They backed up DJ Wolfman Jack on ten songs including "The Rapper". The Jaggerz also produced and recorded with Bobby Rydell and James Darren. Third album, new lineup and disbandment (1974–1977) Singers Bill Maybray and Jimmie Ross left the Jaggerz. Ross was recruited by the Jaggerz manager Joe Rock to join the Skyliners. Keyboard player and singer Frank Czuri and songwriter/keyboard player Hermie Granati joined the band for the album Come Again that was released by Wooden Nickel Records in 1975. The single "2 + 2 / Don't It Make You Wanna Dance" was also released in 1975 but did not reach the charts. The Jaggerz were dropped from Wooden Nickel in 1976. Sometime after being dropped from Wooden Nickel, the Jaggerz' original band members began leaving. By late 1977, Benny Faiella was the only original member left. He was joined by Gene and Robert Vallecorsa (lead guitar and keyboards, respectively), Sam Ippolito (lead vocals), and Mark Zeppuhar (saxophone). Even though they were now only playing at nightclubs, Faiella believed that the lineup was the strongest it had been in twelve years and that they would return to the charts. However this proved false and the Jaggerz finally broke up around 1977. Separate projects (1978–1988) Dominic Ierace, the band's guitarist and vocalist, joined Wild Cherry. By 1976, they had been together for six years and had just recently rose to prominence with "Play That Funky Music." While in the group, Ierace met keyboardist Mark Avsec. Ierace (continuing to use his "Donnie Iris" nickname more and more) engineered Wild Cherry's third album I Love My Music and appeared playing guitar on their fourth album Only the Wild Survive. But Wild Cherry's fate seemed to be similar to the Jaggerz and they broke up in 1979. Iris then went solo with the help of Avsec, first with the non-album singles "Bring on the Eighties" and "Because of You." These singles proved to be of little influence and Avsec and Iris decided to put a band together. The lineup consisted of Iris, Avsec, Marty Lee Hoenes, Albritton McClain, and Kevin Valentine. The new band, called Donnie Iris and the Cruisers, released their first album in 1980, Back on the Streets. The album's first single, "Ah! Leah!", began a series of successful albums and singles. Donnie Iris landed 10 singles in the Billboard top 100 lists. He released ten albums with the Cruisers, five of which made it to the Billboard top 200 list. Donnie Iris and the Cruisers are still together to this day. Ross joined the Skyliners in 1975 after two of the original members left. Joe Rock, who managed both the Jaggerz and Skyliners, advised Ross to leave the Jaggerz. He sang with the Skyliners original members Jimmy Beaumont and Janet Vogel. The Skyliners appeared in 1950s revival shows around the country. In 1977, Ross recorded with the Skyliners on their Tortoise International Records album release titled “The Skyliners”. Singer Cathy Cooper joined the Skyliners after the death of Vogel in 1980. Ross sang with the Skyliners through 1982. In 1982 Cooper and Ross left the Skyliners to form the singing duo Cooper and Ross. They signed with Sweet City Records / MCA and released the album "Bottom Line". Cooper and Ross became a fixture in the Atlantic City casinos with a 36-week appearance at the Trump Plaza and extended engagements at Harrah's. They worked together for five years. Frank Czuri became the lead singer for the CBS recording act the Silencers who appeared on the first ever broadcast of MTV. In 1980 the Silencers single "Shiver and Shake" reached number 81 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart. Hermie Granati formed the Granati Brothers, recorded the 1979 album G-Force on A&M Records and opened 78 shows for Van Halen during the early 1980s. Drummer James Pugliano toured and recorded with Leon Russell, Roger Miller, J.J. Cale, Willie Nelson, and Mel Tillis. Regrouping and Modern years (1989) The original members (sans Iris) reunited in 1989 to perform live. The reunited band included the original members Pugliano, Faiella, and Maybray along with organist Fred Dulu, sax player Robbie Klein and vocalist Donnie Marsico. Their first appearance was at a 25-year reunion concert on June 23, 1989 at the Beaver County College Golden Dome. The band with differing line-ups has played 20 to 25 shows a year since then. And the Band Played on (1998) The Jaggerz released their fifth album "And the Band Played On" in 1998. The All Music Guide calls it"Heartfelt soul music". Performing on this release were Ross, Faiella, Pugliano, Dennis McAbee, and Jamie Peck. Granati rejoined the band writing the orchestrations, performing on keyboards and vocals, and co-producing the album with Ross. Re-Rapped by Request (2001) The Jaggerz released their sixth album "Re-Rapped By Request" in 2001. It features a mix of the most requested songs that they have performed over their career including "Dancin' in the Streets", "Some Kind of Wonderful", "The Love I Never Had" and a live version of the "Rapper" recorded at the A.J. Palumbo Center. Memoirs of the Traveler Becomes Hip Hop Classic The haunting melody of "Memoirs of the Traveler" from the Jaggerz' album We Went to Different Schools Together has been sampled by ten Hip Hop Artists. In 2008, rap artist The Game released a track "Letter to the King", produced by Hi-Tek, from his album, LAX that sampled the song. Other hip hop musicians who have sampled the song on their releases including "Rollin' Up" by Curren$y and Wiz Khalifa (2009), "1,2" by Slum Village (2005) Dilated Peoples in the 1990s and, more recently, Pede B (Denmark). Membership changes Original lead vocalist and bass player Maybray (born William R. Maybray on May 14, 1944) died on December 5, 2004, at age 60. He wrote and sang the group's debut single, "That's Why Baby I Love You". The original drummer Pugliano (born James Pugliano on December 4, 1946) died on June 15, 2010, at age 63. Original members Ross and Faiella continue perform as members of the Jaggerz. The current roster of the Jaggerz also includes vocalist and keyboardist Granati, guitarist McAbee, saxophonist Chris Patarini, and drummer Paul Martello. The Walk (2014) In 2014, The Jaggerz returned to the blue-eyed soul music roots to release the album "The Walk". Led by singer Ross, the Jaggerz brought their five part harmonies to the arrangements of eight R&B classics and two updated recordings from their 1969 "Introducing the Jaggerz" album: the Gamble & Huff tune "Together " and The Jaggerz original "That's Why Baby I Love You". Ross' voice and the Jaggerz harmonies appear on the love ballads "Love Won't Let Me Wait", "The Whole Town's Laughing at Me". and "That's Why Baby I Love You". Donna Groom, of the Skyliners, guest stars on a duet with Ross on the medley arrangement of " It's Gonna Take a Miracle/ I'm On The Outside". The band show their instrumental abilities jamming on the uptempo "Move Across the River", "Stagger Lee", and "Having a Party" with solos from keyboardist Granati, saxophonist Chris Patarin and guitarists Faiella and McAbee. Five time Grammy winning producer/engineer Jay Dudt of Audile Images engineered the album for co-producers Granati and Ross's arrangements. Members Current members Jimmie Ross - lead vocals, bass guitar (1965–1976; 1989–present) Benny Faiella - guitar (1965–1977; 1989–present) Hermie Granati - keyboards, vocals, arrangements (1975-1976, 1998 - 2003, present) Dennis McAbee - guitar Paul Martello - drums, percussion, vocals Chris Patarini - saxophone, trumpet, percussion, vocals Former members Dominic Ierace - guitar, lead vocals (1965–1976) Bill Maybray - bass, vocals (1965–1973; died 2004) Thom Davies - piano (1965–1973) Kenny Koodrich - drums (1965) Jim Pugliano - drums (1965–1976; 1989–1998; died 2010) Frank Czuri - keyboards (1973–1976) Sam Ippolito - lead vocals (1976–1977) Gene Vallecorsa - guitar (1976–1977) Robert Vallecorsa - keyboards (1976–1977) Mark Zeppuhar - saxophone (1976-1977) Ron Levi - trumpet Rich Mansfield - sax Mike Caporizzo - sax Discography Albums 1969 - Introducing the Jaggerz (Gamble GS-5006) 1970 - We Went to Different Schools Together (Kama Sutra KSBS-2017) US No. 62 1975 - Come Again (Wooden Nickel BWL1-0772) 1998 - And the Band Played On... 2001 - Re-Rapped by Request 2014 - The Walk Singles 1966 - "Feel So Good" / "Cry" (Executive) (released as "The Jaggers") 1968 - "(That’s Why) Baby I Love You" / "Bring It Back" (Gamble G-218) 1968 - "Gotta Find My Way Back Home" / "Forever Together, Together Forever" (Gamble 226) 1969 - "Together" / "Let Me Be the One" (Gamble 238) 1970 - "Higher And Higher" / "Ain't No Sun" (Gamble 4008) 1970 - "Need Your Love" / "Here's a Heart" (Gamble 4012) 1970 - "The Rapper" / "Born Poor" (Kama Sutra 502) US No. 2, AUS No. 32 1970 - "I Call My Baby Candy" / "Will She Believe Me?" (Kama Sutra 509) US No. 75 1970 - "What a Bummer" / "Memories Of The Traveler" (Kama Sutra 513) US No. 88 1971 - "Let's Talk About Love" / "I'll Never Forget You" (Kama Sutra 517) 1971 - "Wise Up!-Why Dope?" (The Pennsylvania Jaycees JZ 550) 1975 - "2 + 2" / "Don't It Make You Wanna Dance" (Wooden Nickel PB/WB-10194) 2014 - "The Walk" See also List of 1970s one-hit wonders in the United States References External links Official Jaggerz site Official Fan Page Pittsburgh Music History Another fan site Photo of "The Rapper" Musical groups from Pittsburgh Musical groups established in 1964 Musical groups disestablished in 1977 Musical groups reestablished in 1989 American pop rock music groups American rhythm and blues musical groups Kama Sutra Records artists
6905479
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Splenic%20plexus
Splenic plexus
The splenic plexus (lienal plexus in older texts) is formed by branches from the celiac plexus, the left celiac ganglion, and from the right vagus nerve. It accompanies the lienal artery to the spleen, giving off, in its course, subsidiary plexuses along the various branches of the artery. References External links Nerve plexus Nerves of the torso
23580565
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alawwe%20Nandaloka%20Thero
Alawwe Nandaloka Thero
Alawwe Nandaloka Thero is a Sri Lankan politician and a former member of the Parliament of Sri Lanka. He replaced elected official Kolonnawe Sri Sumangala, who resigned on 8 October 2004, six months after the Sri Lankan parliamentary election. References Year of birth missing (living people) Living people Members of the 13th Parliament of Sri Lanka Jathika Hela Urumaya politicians United People's Freedom Alliance politicians
6905486
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weldon%20Bowlin
Weldon Bowlin
Lois Weldon Bowlin (December 10, 1940 – December 8, 2019) was a Major League Baseball third baseman. Nicknamed "Hoss", he was signed by the St. Louis Cardinals as an amateur free agent in 1959, and acquired by the Kansas City Athletics in August 1961. He started two games for the A's in 1967. Both games Bowlin appeared in were on the road against the California Angels at Anaheim Stadium (September 16 and 17). He had five at bats, (with one hit), because Sal Bando pinch-hit for him and replaced him at third in both games. Bowlin's one hit, a single to right, came against pitcher Jack Hamilton, who earlier in the season had hit Red Sox All-Star Tony Conigliaro in the face with a fastball. In his thirteen innings on the field, Bowlin recorded four assists and made no errors. In 1971, he was the manager of the Wisconsin-Rapids, guiding future major leaguers Glen Borgman, Bill Campbell and Dave McKay. Bowlin directed the University of West Alabama baseball program for 14 years, racking up over 300 wins, including 90 Gulf South Conference wins. In 2002, he was inducted into the UWA Athletic Hall of Fame. Bowlin died on December 8, 2019. References External links 1940 births 2019 deaths Kansas City Athletics players Major League Baseball third basemen Baseball players from Arkansas Minor league baseball managers Hobbs Cardinals players Memphis Chickasaws players Dothan Cardinals players Portsmouth-Norfolk Tides players Lancaster Red Roses players Billings Mustangs players Lewiston Broncs players Birmingham Barons players Vancouver Mounties players Mobile A's players Birmingham A's players Charlotte Hornets (baseball) players Evansville Triplets players Wisconsin Rapids Twins players Arkansas State Red Wolves baseball players
23580568
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A.%20M.%20M.%20Naushad
A. M. M. Naushad
Abdul Majeed Mohammed Naushad also known as Mohamed Naushad Majeed (born 1958) is a Sri Lankan politician and a former member of the Parliament of Sri Lanka. Biography Naushad was born in Sammanthurai in the Eastern Province of Sri Lanka in 1954. He is the son of former Nintavur MP M. I. M. Abdul Majeed, and the son-in-law of former Deputy Minister and former Pottuvil MP M. A. Abdul Majeed. Pre-destined to enter politics, he began his political career in 1989 for the United National Party. He was the UNP's convener for the Eastern Province and a member of the UNP working committee. In 2001, he served as Deputy Secretary of the UNP. In this position, he created a problem for party leader Ranil Wickremasinghe when he stated his view that "his community came first and the party next". Naoshaad left the UNP in 2001 after it formed an electoral alliance with the Sri Lanka Muslim Congress. He then contested the 2001 parliamentary election from an independent group but failed to get elected. Naoshaad later joined the SLMC and became a member of the SLMC High Command. At the 2004 parliamentary election, Naoshaad was a SLMC candidate in Ampara District but failed to get elected again after coming third amongst the SLMC candidates. However, Naushad entered Parliament in April 2008 following the resignation of SLMC leader Rauff Hakeem. Following a meeting at Temple Trees, Naushad defected from the SLMC to the governing United People's Freedom Alliance during the 2010 parliamentary election campaign and became a member of the Sri Lanka Freedom Party. He was subsequently made a UPFA candidate in Ampara District but failed to get elected after coming in eighth amongst the UPFA candidates. References 1958 births Living people Members of the 13th Parliament of Sri Lanka People from Eastern Province, Sri Lanka Sri Lanka Freedom Party politicians Sri Lanka Muslim Congress politicians Sri Lankan Moor politicians United National Party politicians United People's Freedom Alliance politicians
20474500
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gr%C3%A9gory%20Sertic
Grégory Sertic
Grégory Sertic (; born 5 August 1989) is a French retired professional footballer who played as a defensive midfielder. Club career Bordeaux Born in Brétigny-sur-Orge, Essonne of Croatian descent, Sertic joined FC Girondins de Bordeaux's youth system at the age of 15, from the famed INF Clairefontaine academy. During the 2007–08 season, spent in the Championnat de France Amateur with the senior reserves, he earned praise from first team manager Laurent Blanc. Sertic made his debut in Ligue 1 on 29 April 2009, starting in a 3–2 away win against Stade Rennais FC. His maiden competitive appearance had taken place on 11 November of the previous year, in the 4–2 home victory over En Avant de Guingamp in the round of 16 of the Coupe de la Ligue where he came on as a late substitute. His first goal in the former competition was scored in only his second appearance, helping the hosts defeat FC Sochaux-Montbéliard 3–0. For the 2010–11 season, Sertic was loaned to fellow league club RC Lens. Marseille On 30 January 2017, Sertic signed a three-and-a-half-year contract with Olympique de Marseille. During his spell at the Stade Vélodrome, he played sparingly due to an anterior cruciate ligament injury. In February 2019, Sertic moved to FC Zürich of the Swiss Super League until the end of the season. He announced his retirement in November 2020 at the age of 31, and immediately started working as a pundit for Canal+. International career On 25 May 2009, Sertic was called up for the first time to the France under-21 side which was due to participate in that year's Toulon Tournament. He made his debut in the competition on 6 June, playing 36 minutes in the 1–0 group stage defeat of Portugal. Sertic was granted Croatian citizenship in March 2013, as his paternal grandfather was a native of Brinje who moved to the French capital. However, FIFA did not allow him to play for that national team due to new rules about naturalisation of players. Career statistics Club Honours Bordeaux Ligue 1: 2008–09 Coupe de France: 2012–13 Coupe de la Ligue: 2008–09 Trophée des Champions: 2009 References External links Bordeaux official profile Marseille official profile 1989 births Living people People from Brétigny-sur-Orge French people of Croatian descent French footballers Footballers from Essonne Association football midfielders France under-21 international footballers Ligue 1 players Championnat National 2 players Championnat National 3 players Swiss Super League players ES Viry-Châtillon players INF Clairefontaine players FC Girondins de Bordeaux players RC Lens players Olympique de Marseille players FC Zürich players French expatriate footballers French expatriate sportspeople in Switzerland Expatriate footballers in Switzerland
17341593
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terry%20Connor
Terry Connor
Terence Fitzroy Connor (born 9 November 1962) is an English former football player turned football coach who is currently Assistant Manager at Cardiff City. He was born in Leeds and was a pupil at Foxwood School, Seacroft, Leeds. As a player, Connor scored 91 goals from 358 games in the Football League as a striker playing for Leeds United, Brighton & Hove Albion, Portsmouth, Swansea City and Bristol City. He was capped once for the England under-21 team. He moved into coaching following his playing retirement, briefly working as a coach at both Bristol Rovers and Bristol City before joining Wolves in 1999. After holding a variety of positions he served as Wolves' manager for thirteen games during their Premier League relegation in 2012. Playing career Connor scored on his senior debut for Leeds United aged 17, in a 1–0 win over West Bromwich Albion on 17 November 1979. He made 108 appearances in total for Leeds over four seasons, scoring 22 goals. He joined Brighton & Hove Albion in exchange for Andy Ritchie, in March 1983. However, he was unable to appear in their FA Cup Final appearance just months later as he was already cup-tied. The club ended the season relegated. The majority of Connor's games for Brighton came in the Second Division. His form here won him an England under-21 cap in November 1986, when he played and scored against Yugoslavia under-21. He scored 51 goals in 156 appearances before leaving Brighton as they dropped into the third tier in 1987. One of his most memorable goals for Brighton came when they knocked Liverpool out of the 1983-84 FA Cup, a season in which Liverpool won the Football League Cup, European Cup and were crowned English champions. He moved along the South Coast to sign for Portsmouth in a £200,000 deal. Portsmouth were newly promoted to the First Division at the time of Connor's arrival, but despite his goals they were relegated after just one season. He remained at Fratton Park for three seasons before joining Swansea City for £150,000 in August 1990. After a solitary full season with the Swans in the third tier, he moved to Bristol City in September 1991. He failed to make much impact at Bristol City, playing just 16 times and scoring once; he was also briefly loaned back to Swansea in autumn 1992. He dropped into non-League football in summer 1993 when he signed for Conference club Yeovil Town. Coaching career Early roles After retiring, he became one of the coaching staff at Swindon Town. Later, Connor and family friend Maurice Gardner turned to coaching, working under John Ward at Bristol Rovers, before moving across the city to work at Bristol City. Move to Wolves After John Ward moved to become assistant manager at Wolverhampton Wanderers, he recruited Connor to their coaching staff in August 1999. Connor served as a coach – at youth, reserve and first team level – under a succession of Wolves' managers before being promoted to assistant manager under Mick McCarthy in August 2008. Promotion to Manager In February 2012, he was given the role of manager by Wolves until the end of the current season, after the sacking of Mick McCarthy. chief executive Jez Moxey confirmed that the position was offered to one other candidate, widely considered by the media to be Alan Curbishley, who refused the position before Connor was appointed. This was despite the club's chief executive Jez Moxey stating that the job would be given to an experienced manager. Connor took charge with Wolves in 18th place, one of five teams at the foot of the table looking to avoid the three relegation places. His first game in charge brought a 2–2 draw at Newcastle United on 25 February 2012. However, his side then suffered seven consecutive defeats which left them rooted to the bottom of the table and were relegated on 22 April after a 0–2 defeat to Manchester City. In his thirteen games, he failed to achieve any wins and gained only four points from a possible 39. The team finished bottom of the table with one of the lowest points tallies in their history (25). In May 2012 Wolves announced that Connor would be succeeded by Ståle Solbakken as a permanent appointment during the summer. Connor had also been interviewed for the position. It was agreed that he would return to his position as assistant manager following Solbakken's appointment, but he departed after just four games of the new season. Ipswich Town On 1 November 2012, Connor renewed his working relationship with Mick McCarthy, as he was appointed Ipswich Town's new assistant manager after McCarthy took charge at the club. On 2 February 2013, Connor took charge of Ipswich while McCarthy was ill and won 4–0 against Middlesbrough. On 30 June 2014 Mick McCarthy and Terry Connor agreed a new three-year deal with Ipswich. On 10 April 2018 they left Ipswich Town and cut the contract short with a 1–0 win over Barnsley. Republic of Ireland On 25 November 2018, the FAI announced that Terry Connor would be the assistant coach of the Republic of Ireland for their upcoming European Championships 2020 campaign, joining Mick McCarthy. Managerial statistics References Player Profile at Leeds-fans.org.uk 1962 births Living people People from Seacroft English footballers Black British sportspeople Footballers from Leeds Association football forwards England under-21 international footballers Football managers from Leeds Leeds United F.C. players Brighton & Hove Albion F.C. players Portsmouth F.C. players Swansea City A.F.C. players Bristol City F.C. players Yeovil Town F.C. players English Football League players National League (English football) players English football managers Premier League managers Wolverhampton Wanderers F.C. managers Wolverhampton Wanderers F.C. non-playing staff Ipswich Town F.C. non-playing staff Bristol Rovers F.C. non-playing staff Cardiff City F.C. non-playing staff
17341599
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Administration%20Building%2C%20Carnegie%20Institution%20of%20Washington
Administration Building, Carnegie Institution of Washington
The Administration Building, Carnegie Institute of Washington is a Beaux-Arts style building designed by architects Carrere and Hastings, and located at 1530 P Street NW in Washington, D.C. It houses the Carnegie Institution for Science, a philanthropic scientific research organization founded in 1902 by Andrew Carnegie. In recognition of the building's architecture and its unique tenant, the building was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1965. The building was also designated a contributing property to the Sixteenth Street Historic District in 1978. Description and history The Carnegie Institution for Science, formerly known as the Carnegie Institute of Washington, is located in Washington's Dupont Circle neighborhood, north of Scott Circle at the southeast corner of 16th and P Streets NW. It is a large and roughly rectangular structure, two stories in height, its exterior finished in Indiana limestone. Facing west toward 16th Street is its monumental front facade, with ten full-height Ionic columns (six in front and four in the center) supporting an entablature and flat balustraded roof. The original main building was basically square, with small flanking wings. To this a rear addition was made in 1937, using similar materials and design. The interior houses offices and meeting spaces, as well as a 450-seat auditorium. Andrew Carnegie established the Carnegie Institute of Washington in 1902 with an endowment of $10 million. The front portion of the building, designed by Carrere and Hastings, was built in 1910, and the rear addition, built in 1937, was designed by William Adams Delano. The building presently houses administrative functions of the Institute, which has its primary research functions elsewhere. The organization's mission is to fund talented individuals so that they can perform basic research for the betterment of mankind without significant constraints. On April 2, 2021 Carnegie president Eric Isaacs announced that the building has been sold to Qatar for an undisclosed sum. See also List of National Historic Landmarks in Washington, D.C. National Register of Historic Places listings in the upper NW Quadrant of Washington, D.C. References External links Carnegie Institution for Science Buildings and structures in Washington, D.C. Dupont Circle Buildings and structures completed in 1910 National Historic Landmarks in Washington, D.C. Carrère and Hastings buildings Beaux-Arts architecture in Washington, D.C. Neoclassical architecture in Washington, D.C.
23580570
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G.%20L.%20Peiris
G. L. Peiris
Gamini Lakshman Peiris (Sinhala: ගාමීණි ලක්ෂ්මණ් පීරිස්, Tamil: காமினி லக்ஷ்மன் பீரிஸ்) (born 13 August 1946) is a Sri Lankan politician and academic. He was the Cabinet Minister of External Affairs and is a member of the Parliament of Sri Lanka from the National List. He was also the State Minister of Defense on the 18th of April 2022, serving until 11 July 2022. He previously served as the Minister of Education, Minister of Justice in previous Sri Lankan Governments. He belongs to the Sri Lanka Podujana Peramuna, serving as its chairperson. Early life and education Peiris was born to Glanville Peiris, a diplomat who was the former Director-General of External Affairs and Ceylon's Ambassador to West Germany and Myanmar, and Lakshmi Chandrika Peiris. His uncle was Bernard Peiris, the former Cabinet Secretary. Educated at Sri Sumangala College, Panadura and S. Thomas' College, Mt Lavinia, he entered the law faculty of the University of Ceylon, Colombo and won the Mudliyar Edmond Peiris award. He won a Rhodes Scholarship to read for a PhD at University College, Oxford, and graduated in 1971. He also gained a second PhD from the University of Colombo in 1974. Academic career Joining the academic staff of the University of Ceylon, he went on to become a Professor of Law and the Dean of the Faculty of Law before taking office as the second Vice-Chancellor of the University of Colombo following the assassination of Prof. Stanley Wijesundera during the height of the 1987–89 JVP Insurrection. He served as Vice-Chancellor from 1988 to 1994 until leaving to take up politics. He had Fellowships from Universities of Oxford, Cambridge and London. He was a Rhodes Scholar of the University of Oxford (1968-1971) and All Souls College of the University of Oxford in 1980–1981. He was a visiting fellow of the Institute of Advanced Legal Studies of the University of London in 1984, distinguished Visiting Fellow of Christ College, University of Cambridge and SMUTS Visiting Fellow in Commonwealth Studies at the Cambridge University (1985-1986). He was also Associate member of the International Academy of Comparative Law in 1980 and once became a Senior British Council Fellow in 1987. Political career People's Alliance Government (1994–2001) Peiris was a close confidant of the former President Chandrika Bandaranaike Kumaratunga, who appointed him as a national list member of the parliament following the 1994 election. Thereafter, Mrs Kumaratunga, then Prime Minister, appointed him as Minister of Justice and Constitutional Affairs and Deputy Minister of Finance. He was also given the portfolio of External Trade at the start. In a subsequent Cabinet reshuffle, he was given two additional portfoliosEthnic Affairs and National Integrationwhich were hitherto held by the President. During his tenure as Justice Minister, he brought in over 30 pieces of new legislation which were considered innovative and in accordance with the needs of modern times. In 2001, Peiris fell out with President Kumaratunga and defected to the opposition, effectively bringing down the government. United National Front Government (2001–2004) After leaving the PA, Peiris joined the opposition United National Party led United National Front (UNF), which captured power in the subsequent general election. When the UNF government headed by the then Prime Minister Ranil Wickremesinghe engaged in peace talks with the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam, Peiris was appointed as the chief negotiator. Defeated government (2004–2007) The UNP government was defeated in 2004 and was in the opposition Rejoin UPFA (2007–2016) He was amongst the many who defected to the government alongside Karu Jayasuriya in 2007 and gain ministerial portfolios. On 9 January 2015, he shifted as opposition MP representing UPFA. In the 2015 election, he lost his seat in parliament as he was not selected from the UPFA national list. SLPP (2016–2022) He was named the chairman of the Sri Lanka Podujana Peramuna on 1 November 2016. Following the appointment he was removed from the Sri Lanka Freedom Party. The SLPP achieved a landslide victory in the 2020 general election and Peris was appointed to parliament from the national list and made the Minister of education. In the Cabinet reshuffle of August 2021 he was made minister of foreign affairs once again. See also Cabinet of Sri Lanka References External links Parliament profile Visit of Minister of External Affairs, Sri Lanka Prof. G. L. Peiris - Joint Media Interaction - Part 1. Ministry of External Affairs, India. 1946 births Living people Sinhalese academics Justice ministers of Sri Lanka Alumni of the University of Ceylon (Colombo) Alumni of New College, Oxford Sri Lankan Rhodes Scholars Members of the 10th Parliament of Sri Lanka Members of the 11th Parliament of Sri Lanka Members of the 12th Parliament of Sri Lanka Members of the 13th Parliament of Sri Lanka Members of the 14th Parliament of Sri Lanka Members of the 16th Parliament of Sri Lanka Alumni of S. Thomas' College, Mount Lavinia Vice-Chancellors of the University of Colombo Industries ministers of Sri Lanka Vidya Jyothi Sri Lanka Podujana Peramuna politicians
20474514
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%20Miser%20Brothers%27%20Christmas
A Miser Brothers' Christmas
A Miser Brothers’ Christmas is a stop motion spin-off special based on some of the characters from the 1974 Rankin-Bass special The Year Without a Santa Claus. Distributed by Warner Bros. Animation under their Warner Premiere label (the rights holders of the post-1974 Rankin-Bass library) and Toronto-based Cuppa Coffee Studios, the one-hour special premiered on ABC Family on Saturday, December 13, 2008, during the network's annual The 25 Days of Christmas programming. Mickey Rooney (at age 88) and George S. Irving (at age 86) reprised their respective roles as Santa Claus and Heat Miser. Snow Miser (originally portrayed by Dick Shawn who died in 1987) was voiced by Juan Chioran, while Mrs. Claus (voiced in the original by Shirley Booth who died in 1992) was portrayed by Catherine Disher. The movie aimed to emulate the Rankin/Bass animation style. This is the last Christmas special to feature Mickey Rooney as Santa Claus, as he died in 2014, as well as the last time George Irving voiced Heat Miser, as he died in 2016. Plot The feuding Miser Brothers (Heat and Snow) attend their family reunion with Mother Nature and their fellow siblings including the North Wind, Earthquake, Thunder and Lightning, and the Tides. North Wind passively asks Mother Nature what might happen if Santa would be unable to complete his duties on Christmas. She responds that North Wind would take control instead. Heat then begins to call out Snow for trying to "give global warming a bad name". Snow responds by talking about Heat's attempts to scare people with reports of a second Ice Age. Heat then reprimands Snow for claiming Iceland as his own, which barely has any ice. Snow then calls out Heat for claiming Greenland as his own because it's full of ice. The brothers then fight each other. Mother Nature ends the fight. Despite his dashing appearance and veneer of flattery and devotion toward Mother Nature, the North Wind is far more malevolent than either of his brothers. Self-absorbed and vain, the North Wind is fixated with the idea of replacing Santa Claus as a way to achieve personal glory. Beginning his machinations, He then sends two of his minions to crash Santa's Super-Sleigh designed by his mechanic Tinsel, causing Santa to injure his back after falling in the middle of a fight between the brothers as he unintentionally crosses into their domain. Despite what she told the North Wind before and having been informed by Mrs. Claus about what happened to Santa, Mother Nature assigns the Miser Brothers the responsibility of running the toy factory. Their fighting continues as they move through several workshop stations. The North Wind hatches a new plan to keep them fighting so it would appear as if they ruined Christmas themselves, but Mrs. Claus convinces the Miser Brothers to put aside their differences and cooperate by showing them the Naughty/Nice list station. The brothers' history is revealed, showing they've always been on Santa's naughty list for mutual bickering. Upon learning the error of their ways, they begin working together and successfully get work back up to speed. However, the North Wind hatches a plan to destroy their truce and get them fighting again, leaving Santa to deliver the toys and giving North Wind the chance to finish him off. On Christmas Eve, the North Wind's minions surreptitiously attach heating and cooling units to the sleigh, apparently capable of heating or cooling entire regions of the planet. The discovery causes the Miser Brothers to blame each other. With them fighting again, Santa has no choice but to drive the sleigh as North Wind planned. After Santa leaves, Tinsel discovers the super-sleigh has been sabotaged, which stops the Misers' fight as they realize that neither of them was responsible for injuring Santa. Upon finding one of North Wind's Christmas cards with him dressed as Santa, the Misers realize the truth about their brother and comprehend his plan. Meanwhile, the North Wind attacks Santa's sleigh in flight, whipping up a vortex to consume Santa, but the Miser Brothers, with the aid of Tinsel and a team of young reindeer, save Santa in the nick of time. The North Wind's cover is blown and Mother Nature sentences him to do household chores for the next several thousand years as punishment for trying to finish off Santa and making his brothers fight. With North Wind thwarted, the brothers learn they've finally made the nice list. They deliver the presents for Santa and give gifts to each other in the process, making peace between them and ending their feud. Cast Mickey Rooney as Santa Claus George S. Irving as Heat Miser Juan Chioran as Snow Miser Catherine Disher as Mrs. Claus, Reindeer Elf Brad Adamson as North Wind Patricia Hamilton as Mother Nature Peter Oldring as Bob, Elf #1 Susan Roman as Tinsel, Dr. Noel Reception The movie had 3.7 million viewers in its first airing, as determined by Nielsen ratings. It received a nomination for "Best Animated Television Production Produced for Children" in the 36th Annual Annie Awards. See also Santa Claus in film References External links Animated Christmas films Animated Christmas television specials American animated fantasy films 2008 films Canadian animated fantasy films Film spin-offs 2000s American television specials Canadian television specials Christmas television specials Santa Claus in film Stop-motion animated short films Warner Bros. Animation animated films Santa Claus in television 2008 television specials 2000s American films 2000s Canadian films
23580573
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susantha%20Punchinilame
Susantha Punchinilame
Galgamuwa Vidanalage Susantha Punchinilame (born 6 April 1961) is a Sri Lankan politician, originally from Ratnapura and the son of G. V. Punchinilame. He is a member of parliament and a government minister. Criminal charges He was the main suspect in the murder of Nalanda Ellawala, a member of parliament who was killed during a shootout between supporters belonging to the United National Party and the People's Alliance in the Kuruwita area on 11 February 1997. However, Punchinilame has been cleared of all charges and was subsequently released on 18 December 2013. References Sources Living people Members of the 10th Parliament of Sri Lanka Members of the 11th Parliament of Sri Lanka Members of the 12th Parliament of Sri Lanka Members of the 13th Parliament of Sri Lanka Members of the 14th Parliament of Sri Lanka Members of the 15th Parliament of Sri Lanka Sri Lanka Podujana Peramuna politicians Government ministers of Sri Lanka United National Party politicians United People's Freedom Alliance politicians 1961 births People from Ratnapura
17341614
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neijing
Neijing
In advanced traditional Chinese kung fu (martial arts), Neijing (Traditional Chinese: 內勁; pinyin: nèijìng) refers to the conscious control of the practitioner's qi, or "life energy", to gain advantages in combat. Nèijìng is developed by using "Neigong" (Traditional Chinese: 內功; pinyin: nèigōng) (內功), or "internal exercises," as opposed to "wàigōng" (外功), "external exercises." Li vs. Neijing Practitioners of kung fu refer to two separate forms of personal force: Li (Traditional Chinese: 力) refers to the more elementary use of tangible physical (or "external") force, such as that produced by muscles. Neijing (Traditional Chinese:內勁) or Neigong (Traditional Chinese: 內功), in contrast, refer to "internal" forces produced via advanced mental control over psychic energy (the qi). The degree of Li force one can employ in kung fu depends on several variables such as resilience of muscles, strength of bones, speed and timing of attack and so on. An effective way to enhance the Li force is to exercise one's muscles and bones by applying increasing pressure on them (weight training, gym exercises, etc.). The stronger one's muscles and bones become, the more powerful and skillful the level of kung fu is. On the other hand, the level of the Neijing force depends on the extent one can exercise over one's will power to release an inner qi energy. Within the framework of Chinese martial arts, every person is believed to possess the inborn energy of qi. Martial artists can harness the force of qi so that it is strong enough to be applied in combat. When qi is being directed by one's will, it is called Neijing. The Li force is observable when it is employed. Unlike the Li force, Neijing is said to be invisible. The "pivot point" essential to Li combat is not necessary in Neijing. At the point of attack, one must ‘song’ (loosen) himself to generate all Neijing energy one possesses and direct this energy stream through one's contact point with an opponent. The contact point only represents the gateway to conduct Neijing energy at the point of attack. The kung fu component of Li force is limited by one's physical condition. When a person passes his/her prime age, one's kung fu ability will pass the optimum level, too. The degree of kung fu will decline when muscles and bones are not as strong as they used to be. On the other hand, the kung fu aspect of Neijing is said to continually grow as long as one lives. Training concepts The key to unlock and nurture Neijing is said to be the practice of ‘song’ (Traditional Chinese: 鬆 ). The term ‘song’ can function as a verb which means to keep one's mind and body loose resilient and expanding like the consistency of cotton or clouds or relaxed yet concentrated like the sharp alertness of cats immediately before attack. The term can also be used as an adjective which has the same meaning as described above. The greater the extent one can achieve ‘song’ and minimize the use of Li, the greater the release of Neijing force. Neijing trainees are often reminded to refrain from using the Li force, because the energy of Neijing will be locked and blocked whenever the Li force is applied. So, Neijing and Li are said to be mutually exclusive. The Taijiquan master Yang Chengfu used the concept of ‘song’ as a benchmark in his daily teaching. It was his daily routine to keep reminding his disciples to ‘song’ thoroughly more than 10 times when he inspected them. References Further reading External links From the Bible to Tai Chi Li Yanxi's demonstration Generating Martial Power (Jin) Taiji master Wang Yongquan’s demonstration Taiji master Ma Yueliang’s demonstration Chinese martial arts
23580577
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph%20Michael%20Perera
Joseph Michael Perera
M. Joseph Michael Perera is a Sri Lankan politician (born 15 September 1941) and a Former Member of the Parliament of Sri Lanka. He is the 17th Speaker of the Parliament of Sri Lanka. References Speakers of the Parliament of Sri Lanka Living people Members of the 7th Parliament of Ceylon Members of the 8th Parliament of Sri Lanka Members of the 9th Parliament of Sri Lanka Members of the 10th Parliament of Sri Lanka Members of the 11th Parliament of Sri Lanka Members of the 12th Parliament of Sri Lanka Members of the 13th Parliament of Sri Lanka Members of the 14th Parliament of Sri Lanka Sri Lankan Roman Catholics United National Party politicians 1941 births Home affairs ministers of Sri Lanka Deputy ministers of Sri Lanka Fisheries ministers of Sri Lanka
23580578
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neomal%20Perera
Neomal Perera
Gamamedaliyanage Joseph Lalith Neomal Perera (born May 7, 1965) is a Sri Lankan politician, a member of the Parliament of Sri Lanka and a government minister. References 1965 births Living people Sri Lankan Roman Catholics Members of the 11th Parliament of Sri Lanka Members of the 12th Parliament of Sri Lanka Members of the 13th Parliament of Sri Lanka Members of the 14th Parliament of Sri Lanka Government ministers of Sri Lanka United National Party politicians United People's Freedom Alliance politicians
17341615
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armstechno%20NITI
Armstechno NITI
NITI () is a very light-weight, stealthy remote-controlled Bulgarian unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). It has been designed and constructed in 2006 by Armstechno Ltd. It mounts a color surveillance camera, a thermal vision camera, and has an option for adding chemical and radioactive contamination dosimeters. Its main tasks are air surveillance of contaminated areas, regions with possible terrorist group activity, artillery correction or observation of natural disaster-stricken areas. NITI has a maximum fuel capacity of 38 L. It also has a programmable autopilot system and GPS system. In 2011, NITI was evaluated by the Ministry of the Interior (MI) of Bulgaria, but the design was rejected due to numerous defects, an unreliable design and the inability of the aircraft to perform its tasks. The CEO of Armstechno Co. blamed the unsatisfactory performance of its UAVs on the poor training of MI operators. Specifications See also RQ-2 Pioneer RQ-11 Raven References External links BGsoldier.eamci.bg (in Bulgarian) Unmanned aerial vehicles of Bulgaria 2000s Bulgarian military reconnaissance aircraft NITI Single-engined pusher aircraft Twin-boom aircraft Unmanned military aircraft
23580583
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Felix%20Perera
Felix Perera
Felix Perera is a Sri Lankan politician, a member of the Parliament of Sri Lanka and a government minister. References Living people Members of the 10th Parliament of Sri Lanka Members of the 11th Parliament of Sri Lanka Members of the 12th Parliament of Sri Lanka Members of the 13th Parliament of Sri Lanka Members of the 14th Parliament of Sri Lanka Government ministers of Sri Lanka Sri Lanka Freedom Party politicians United People's Freedom Alliance politicians 1945 births Social affairs ministers of Sri Lanka Fisheries ministers of Sri Lanka
17341617
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phouvong%20district
Phouvong district
Phouvong is a district (muang) of Attapeu province in southern Laos. Settlements Ban Arapruich, Ban Chom, Ban Dak-Lay, Ban Ekchoum-Phoukaniang, Ban Gnangteu, Ban Khouy, Ban Kong-Ek, Ban Kongmi, Ban Lapoung, Ban Lomlay, Ban Namavong Noy, Ban Onglouang, Ban Pakha, Ban Phiadouang, Ban Phiaha, Ban Phiahom, Ban Phiakhamdaonang, Ban Phiakhamkak, Ban Phialu Gnai, Ban Phialu Noy, Ban Phianong, Ban Phiapang, Ban Phiaseuk, Ban Phiaviang, Ban Phokandong, Ban Phomoun, Ban Phomoun Gnai, Ban Renthuk, Ban Senchay, Ban Senkeo, Ban Senkhamphon, Ban Senlouang, Ban Tanong, Ban Thattamo, Ban Tong-Asa, Ban Vianglouang, Ban Vongxay, Ban Vongxay Noy References Districts of Attapeu province
6905495
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miss%20World%201994
Miss World 1994
Miss World 1994, the 44th edition of the Miss World pageant, was held on 19 November 1994 and marked the third consecutive staging of Miss World in Sun City, South Africa. 87 contestants from around the world competed for the title. Lisa Hanna of Jamaica crowned her successor Aishwarya Rai of India at the end of the event. In December 2014, Aishwarya Rai was felicitated with a Lifetime Beauty with a Purpose Award by the Miss World Organisation at the 64th Miss World contest for her humanitarian works since she won the crown. Results Placements Continental Queens of Beauty Contestants Judges Eric Morley † – Chairperson, Miss World Organization Eileen Ford † – founder, Ford Models agency Ron Moss – Actor, The Bold and the Beautiful Katherine Kelly Lang – Actress, The Bold and the Beautiful Patrick Lichfield † – Photographer Marsha Rae Ratcliff – Entertainer and Variety Clubs Ambassador Charles Dance – Actor (International Stage, Film, and Television) Iman – international supermodel Herb Ritts † – Photographer Zindzi Mandela-Hlongwane † – Daughter of Nelson Mandela Tony Leung Ka-fai – Actor，L'amant Replacement – Yulia Alekseeva (First runner up in Miss Europe 1993) due to the Miss World Organization did not accept her as contestant. References External links Pageantopolis – Miss World 1994 Miss World 1994 in South Africa 1994 beauty pageants Beauty pageants in South Africa November 1994 events in Africa
17341618
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perlachturm
Perlachturm
The 70-metre-tall Perlachturm is a belltower in front of the church of St. Peter am Perlach in the central district of Augsburg, Germany. It originated as a watchtower in the 10th century. The existing Renaissance structure was built in the 1610s by Elias Holl, who also designed the neighbouring Town Hall. Name The exact origin of the name "Perlachturm" is unknown, with several different theories attempting to explain it. Of the three constituent parts of the name, "Per," "lach" and "turm," only the latter presents no controversy and means "Tower." The conventional wisdom holds that the first two parts originated from the medieval fairs involving bears on the central square. In Old High German, Per means bear and lach describes a show, or fair. An information plaque on the tower itself says that it came from the Latin "perlego" ("read through"). There are 258 steps to the observation deck. Gallery See also Turamichele (fighting Archangel Michael at Perlachturm) Mary Untier of Knots in St. Peter am Perlach External links Pictures of the tower AugsburgWiki (german) Towers completed in the 17th century Watchtowers in Germany Buildings and structures in Augsburg
17341621
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Tillinghast%20House
John Tillinghast House
The John Tillinghast House is an historic colonial house in Newport, Rhode Island. It is a -story wood-frame structure, built in 1760 for John Tillinghast, a wealthy merchant. A high-quality example of academic Georgian architecture, the house was a (often temporary) home for a number of notable people during and after the American Revolutionary War. It was probably occupied by the Marquis de Chastellux, an engineer in the French Army while he was stationed in Newport, and by General Nathanael Greene, who hosted George Washington and the Marquis de Lafayette on a visit to Newport. From 1821 to 1824 it was home to William C. Gibbs while he was Governor of Rhode Island. The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on April 11, 1973. See also National Register of Historic Places listings in Newport County, Rhode Island References External links Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in Rhode Island Houses in Newport, Rhode Island National Register of Historic Places in Newport, Rhode Island Houses completed in 1760
23580587
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susil%20Premajayantha
Susil Premajayantha
Achchige Don Susil Premajayantha (born 10 January 1955) is a Sri Lankan politician, Cabinet Minister and a member of the Parliament of Sri Lanka. Education Premajayantha received his primary and secondary education at St. John's College, Nugegoda. After that he attended the University of Colombo and received a Bachelor of Laws in 1982 and became an Attorney at Law in 1984. Later on in 2004 he also gained a Masters in Public Administration from the University of Sri Jayewardenepura. Political career Premajayantha began his political career in 1991 being elected as the Deputy Chairman of Sri Jayewardenepura Kotte Urban Council. In 1993 he was elected to the Western Provincial Council and was elected Chief Minister in 1995. In 2000 he entered parliament for the first time from Gampaha District and became the Minister of Education. Even though the People's Alliance was defeated in the 2001 general elections, Premajayantha was elected back into the Parliament from Colombo District and held his seat in subsequent elections. With the formation of the United People's Freedom Alliance in 2004, Premajayantha was made its inaugural General Secretary of the party. When the United People's Freedom Alliance won the 2004 general elections he was given the post of Minister of Power and Energy When Mahinda Rajapaksa became President, he was again appointed Minister of Education and after the 2010 general elections as the Minister of Petroleum Industries and in a 2013 cabinet reshuffle he became the Minister of Environment and Renewable Energy On 25 August 2015, few days after general elections he resigned as the General Secretary of the United People's Freedom Alliance. Few days prior to the elections he was removed from the position by the party Chairman, President Maithripala Sirisena. After the Sri Lanka Freedom Party and United National Party signed a Memorandum of Understanding to form a National unity government, Premajayantha became the Minister of Technology and Research He was reappointed as the Minister of Education on the 20th of May 2022 by President Gotabaya Rajapaksa and again by President Ranil Wickramasinghe on the 23th of July 2022. See also Cabinet of Sri Lanka Notes References External links Living people Provincial councillors of Sri Lanka Alumni of St. John's College, Nugegoda Chief Ministers of Western Province, Sri Lanka Members of the 11th Parliament of Sri Lanka Members of the 12th Parliament of Sri Lanka Members of the 13th Parliament of Sri Lanka Members of the 14th Parliament of Sri Lanka Members of the 15th Parliament of Sri Lanka Members of the 16th Parliament of Sri Lanka Sri Lanka Podujana Peramuna politicians 1955 births Power ministers of Sri Lanka
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boone%27s%20Lick%20State%20Historic%20Site
Boone's Lick State Historic Site
Boone's Lick State Historic Site is located in Missouri, United States, four miles east of Arrow Rock. The park was established in 1960 around one of the saltwater springs that was used in the early 19th century. It was named after Nathan and Daniel Morgan Boone, sons of Daniel Boone, who produced salt from the springs. The springs lent their name to the Boone's Lick Country, the first major American settlement in Missouri, and the Boone's Lick Road, which traversed wilderness from St. Charles, Missouri to the boomtown of Franklin, Missouri, in the early 1800s. See also Nathan Boone Homestead State Historic Site References External links Boone's Lick State Historic Site Missouri Department of Natural Resources Boone's Lick State Historic Site Map Missouri Department of Natural Resources Protected areas of Howard County, Missouri Missouri State Historic Sites Parks on the National Register of Historic Places in Missouri Protected areas established in 1960 National Register of Historic Places in Howard County, Missouri
23580595
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/V.%20Puththirasigamoney
V. Puththirasigamoney
Vadivel Puththirasigamoney (born 10 October 1951) is a Sri Lankan politician and a former member of the Parliament of Sri Lanka. Educated at Holy Trinity College, Commercial College and Administrative Staff College in India . ILO/Un Staff College Torino, Italy (Followed Diploma in Strategic use of IT. Have special diploma in Industrial Law. Deputy Minister of Justice and Law Reforms 2007-2010 References 1951 births Living people Sri Lankan Tamil politicians Sri Lankan Hindus Members of the 13th Parliament of Sri Lanka United People's Freedom Alliance politicians Sri Lankan expatriates in India
6905506
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois%20Sterchele
François Sterchele
François Sterchele (14 March 1982 – 8 May 2008) was a Belgian professional footballer who played for Germinal Beerschot and Club Brugge. The striker was the top scorer of the Jupiler League in 2006–07. Sterchele died in a single-person car accident on 8 May 2008. Club career Sterchele started his career at FC Loncin, a small team from the Belgian Provincial leagues in the province of Liège. At the age of ten, he moved to R.F.C. de Liège where he stayed for ten years before moving to R.F.C. Union La Calamine. After three seasons, he was signed by Oud-Heverlee Leuven, a team in the third division, where he scored 21 goals during the 2004–05 season, finishing second in the topscorers list. In the subsequent playoffs, he scored another eight goals which would help earn the team to promotion to the second tier. As a result, Sterchele was able to secure a transfer to the top division in Belgian football, the Jupiler League, when he joined Charleroi, where he was trained by Jacky Mathijssen, who would become a considerable influence in his development as a footballer. After just one year, he went to K.F.C. Germinal Beerschot and became the league's top scorer. On 19 July 2007, Sterchele returned to the tutorship of Mathijssen when he moved to Club Brugge; he scored two goals on his league début against Mons. Death In the early morning of 8 May 2008, Sterchele was killed instantly when he crashed his Porsche Cayman S into a tree. The previous day, Sterchele had visited some friends in Antwerp and was supposed to meet with Jurgen Cavens and Vicenzo Verhoeven. While travelling home on the N49 between Antwerp and Knokke, at around 03:00 CEST on 8 May, Sterchele lost control of his Porsche while speeding and veered into a ditch before hitting a tree. No other vehicles were involved in the accident. Sterchele was pronounced dead at the scene. Tributes Club Brugge, Sterchele's last club, decided to retire the number 23 in honor of their deceased striker. The fans of Club Brugge also started singing his name in the 23rd minute of every game their team plays. While playing against them in the Europa League, the fans of Birmingham City F.C. clapped to show their respect, and also carried the tribute out at their home ground, St. Andrews. Also there is the "Coppa Sterchele", each year two of his ex-teams play a friendly match to honor him. References 1982 births 2008 deaths Road incident deaths in Belgium Footballers from Liège Association football forwards Belgian footballers Belgium international footballers Belgian First Division A players Oud-Heverlee Leuven players R. Charleroi S.C. players Beerschot A.C. players Club Brugge KV players Belgian people of Italian descent
6905509
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General%20Service%20Training%20School
General Service Training School
Command and Recruit Training Squadron (CRTS) of the Royal New Zealand Air Force is the principal training facility for RNZAF recruits. Located at RNZAF Base Woodbourne, it takes recruits through a thirteen-week training program designed to produce airmen and airwomen for the RNZAF. Classifications Recruits who below the age of 18 are classified as Air Force Cadet - Youth (AF CDT(Y)). Those who are 18 and older are classified as Air Force Cadet - Adult (AF CDT (A)). Upon graduation from CRTS, the (A)'s are reclassified as Aircraftsman (AC)'s. (Y)'s cannot be reclassified as AC until they turn to the age of 18. Regardless of classification, all CRTS recruits wear the blank shoulder board of an Aircraftsman on their epaulettes. Instructors Instructors at CRTS are generally RNZAF Force Protection Corporals and Sergeants who are responsible for each training a flight of recruits. Their job classification at CRTS is Recruit Instructors. Sergeant and Flight Sergeant supervise the corporals. Apart from the Commanding Officer and the Adjutant, there are a few officers who help out in class instruction. The CRTS Warrant Officer is the chief disciplinarian. Training Recruits are given instruction in military history, customs and courtesies, drill, rifle shooting and maintenance, life saving, military administrative procedures, orienteering and map reading, NBC warfare, military rank structures, insignia recognition, interior economy, and ten days in the field at RNZAF Dip Flat in which the CRTS training is put to the test. Units and formations of the Royal New Zealand Air Force Military education and training in New Zealand
23580596
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nez%C3%A2%20Selbuz
Nezâ Selbuz
Nezâ Selbuz (born January 2, 1967) is a Turkish-German actress. Filmography References External links 1967 births Living people German people of Turkish descent German film actresses German television actresses
23580598
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Larine%20Perera
Larine Perera
Mary Larine Perera (1944-2016) is a Sri Lankan politician and a former member of the Parliament of Sri Lanka and Minister of the Wayamba Provincial Council. She was married to former minister Festus Perera and Niroshan Perera is her son. References 2016 deaths Members of the 12th Parliament of Sri Lanka Members of the 13th Parliament of Sri Lanka United National Party politicians Women legislators in Sri Lanka 21st-century Sri Lankan women politicians 1944 births
23580607
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aparekke%20Punnananda%20Thero
Aparekke Punnananda Thero
Aparekke Punnananda was a Sri Lankan politician and a former member of the Parliament of Sri Lanka. Child sex abuse charges Punnananda appeared before Colombo Magistrates Court on 18 March 2011 after admitting he had sexually abused five underage novice Buddhist monks under his care. Two of Punnananda's alleged victims gave evidence to the magistrate who has ordered the police to produce the other three alleged victims before the court. The magistrate also ordered the police to investigate whether other underage novice monks were abused in the Budhhist temple where Punnananda is the chief incumbent. Punnananda is on bail References Year of birth missing (living people) Living people Members of the 13th Parliament of Sri Lanka Jathika Hela Urumaya politicians United People's Freedom Alliance politicians
23580612
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George%20Damer%2C%202nd%20Earl%20of%20Dorchester
George Damer, 2nd Earl of Dorchester
George Damer, 2nd Earl of Dorchester, PC, PC (Ire) (28 March 1746 – 7 March 1808), styled Viscount Milton between 1792 and 1798, was a British politician. He served as Chief Secretary for Ireland between 1794 and 1795. Background Dorchester was the second son of Joseph Damer, 1st Earl of Dorchester. He was educated at Eton and Trinity College, Cambridge, where he took his MA in 1767. Political career Lord Dorchester sat as Member of Parliament for Cricklade between 1768 and 1774, for Anstruther Burghs between 1778 and 1780, for Dorchester between 1780 and 1790 and for Malton between 1792 and 1798. He also represented Naas in the Irish House of Commons between 1795 and 1798 and served under William Pitt the Younger as Chief Secretary for Ireland between 1794 and 1795. He was sworn of the British Privy Council in 1794 and of the Irish Privy Council in 1795. He succeeded his father in the earldom on 12 January 1798, his elder brother having committed suicide in 1776, and entered the House of Lords. On 25 June 1798, he was appointed colonel of the Dorset Militia in succession to Lord Rivers, but resigned in late 1799. Lord Dorchester was also Lord Lieutenant of Dorset, and colonel of the Dorsetshire Yeomanry Cavalry, from 1803 to 1808. Personal life Lord Dorchester was a great favourite of the Royal family who always stayed with him at his estate at Milton Abbey near Weymouth. He died unmarried in Park Lane, London, in March 1808, aged 61, when his titles became extinct. His estates were inherited by his sister Lady Caroline Damer, and on her death in 1828 by their Dawson cousins, who assumed the additional name of Damer. John Dawson-Damer, 2nd Earl of Portarlington, inherited the large but encumbered Irish properties, and his younger brothers Henry and George Dawson-Damer received respectively the estates of Milton Abbey and Came. References 1746 births 1808 deaths People educated at Eton College Alumni of Trinity College, Cambridge British Militia officers Damer, George Damer, George Damer, George Damer, George Milton, George Damer, Viscount Milton, George Damer, Viscount Earls in the Peerage of Great Britain Milton, George Damer, Viscount Lord-Lieutenants of Dorset Milton, George Damer, Viscount Damer, George Members of the Privy Council of Ireland Members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom Queen's Own Dorset Yeomanry officers Whig (British political party) MPs Place of birth unknown Chief Secretaries for Ireland Members of the Parliament of Ireland (pre-1801) for County Kildare constituencies Members of the Parliament of Great Britain for Cricklade Dawson-Damer family
23580615
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wood%20Awards
Wood Awards
The Wood Awards (until 2003 the Carpenters' Award) is a British award for working with wood. The award, which was launched in 1971, is bestowed on winners of several categories within buildings and furniture. Awards are presented in The Carpenters Hall following the decision of the architects, engineers, furniture designers / makers, timber specialists and architectural journalists who judge the competition. The Awards are sponsored by several commercial organisations and the Worshipful Company of Carpenters. Each year there is one winner and one "Highly Commended" project in seven categories, and a "Gold Award" for the best of the seven category winners. Winners A list of winners and highly commended projects, 2008-, is available online. Gold Award winners, 2008- 2008:New Shetland Museum & Archives, new building 2009:Kings Place Concert Hall, concert hall within larger new development 2010:Stoke Newington Town Hall, restoration of 1930s building 2011:Brockholes Visitor Centre, creation of new floating building on nature reserve References External links Awards established in 1971 British awards Design awards Wood
44499720
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%20Balvin%20discography
J Balvin discography
Colombian singer J Balvin has released five studio albums, one collaborative album, three mixtapes, three EPs, sixty-nine singles, thirty featured singles, and ten promotional singles. He has more than 35 million singles sales certified and four million albums sales certified worldwide as of 2019. In 2009, Balvin released his single "Ella Me Cautivó", becoming his first song to chart in the United States, which serves as the first single from his debut album Real that was released in 2009 and received a Gold certification. In the beginning of 2012, he released a mixtape that includes some singles and new songs, only released in the US and Mexico. On April 24, 2012, Balvin released "Yo Te Lo Dije", the first single from his the -upcoming album, the song was number one in Colombia for eight non-consecutive weeks and became his first charting entry on the Top Latin Songs chart, peaking at number 13, and also became a hit in Romania. The second single, "Tranquila", was a top ten hit in four countries and peaked at the top of the charts in Greece. This resulted in the release of a remix featuring Greek-Albanian singer Eleni Foureira. In 2013, he released the third single "Sola" that was number one in Colombia and charted in Bulgaria. On October 15, 2013, he released "6 AM", which features Farruko, ane was later sent to Latin radio and received heavy rotation, becoming his first number one on the Latin Rhythm Songs chart, and peaked at number three at Billboard Latin Songs chart. The song was certified Gold in Mexico and Spain. That October 2013, Balvin released his first studio album La Familia, which peaked at number ten on the Latin Albums chart, topped the Latin Rhythm Albums chart and received seven Platinum and two Gold certifications. In 2014, he released the fifth single "La Venganza". An expanded version of La Familia, subtitled B Sides, was released on September 16, 2014, that spawned the hit single "Ay Vamos", that eventually topped the charts in Colombia, Dominican Republic and the Latin Rhythm Songs chart. Albums Studio albums Reissued albums Mixtapes Extended plays Singles As lead artist As featured artist Promotional singles Notes Note 1: Uses combined chart entries for "Mi Gente" and "Mi Gente (Remix)" Other charted songs Guest appearances Videography Footnotes References Discographies of Colombian artists Balvin, J
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montacute%20Priory
Montacute Priory
Montacute Priory was a Cluniac priory of the Benedictine order in Montacute, Somerset, England. History It was founded between 1078 and 1102 by William, Count of Mortain, in face of a threat that if he did not do so, the King would take the land from him. It was the only Somerset dependency of Cluny Abbey until 1407, when it gained independence from France. It was dissolved in 1539, though there was a short restoration under the Catholic Queen Mary. At its height in 1262 there were 25 monks. In 1539 there were a Prior and 16 monks. At the time of the Domesday Book in 1086 there were five manors in Mudford. The largest of them, which was given with the church to Montacute Priory in 1192, became Mudford Monachorum (Mudford of the monks) and was centred on the present hamlet of Up Mudford. The Church of St Mary in the village was granted by Montacute Priory to the Bishop of Bath and Wells in 1339. The Church of St Michael in Creech St Michael came into the ownership of Montacute Priory in 1362. At one time Tintinhull Court was amongst the possessions of the Priory, along with land in the village. The priory had a dependent cell at Kerswell Priory near Cullompton, Devon, with land and property in Sampford Peverell and Holcombe Rogus Remains All that remains is the Abbey Farmhouse which incorporates the gateway of Montacute Priory. It was built in the 16th century and has been designated as a Grade I listed building. After the dissolution of the monasteries the property became a farmhouse, but by 1633 it was 'almost desolate'. By 1782 it was a revitalised farm, remaining part of the Phelips estate until 1918. The only other surviving building remains are the earthworks, about 90 metres east south east of Abbey Farmhouse. These may be the claustral range, and include the fishpond. See also Montacute House References External links Maxwell Lyte, C.H. (ed.). Two Cartularies of the Augustine Priory of Bruton and the Cluniac Priory of Montacute in the County of Somerset, 1894. https://archive.org/details/twocartulariesa00priogoog Somerset County Council Survey results Benedictine monasteries in England Cluniac monasteries in England Monasteries in Somerset Christian monasteries established in the 11th century Scheduled monuments in South Somerset South Somerset 1070s establishments in England 1539 disestablishments in England
23580632
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James%20Lebbie
James Lebbie
James Lebbie is a professional golfer born in Sierra Leone. Lebbie is a touring and teaching professional and a member of the Sierra Leone PGA. He is Sierra Leone's most successful professional golfer. He played in many tournaments on Europe's second tier Challenge Tour, mainly those held in Africa, recording a solitary victory in the 1992 Nigerian Open. He has also won the Sierra Leone Open many times. Lebbie began playing golf at Freetown Golf Club in the beachside Freetown village of Lumley, and worked as the Head Professional there until the 1991 when the outbreak of the Sierra Leone Civil War caused Sierra Leone’s military to take over the golf course as a training base. He has since moved to the United States to take up a position as a teaching professional at The Capital City Golf School, in Washington, DC. As of 2016, Lebbie was working as a caddie at Congressional Country Club in Bethesda, Maryland. Professional wins (8) This list may be incomplete Challenge Tour wins (1) Other wins (7) 1980 Ghana Open 1985 Sierra Leone Open 1987 Sierra Leone Open 1988 Sierra Leone Open 1989 Sierra Leone Open 1990 Sierra Leone Open 2007 Bill Bishop tournament References External links James Lebbie in the Guardian Sierra Leonean male golfers European Tour golfers Living people Year of birth missing (living people)
44499750
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yevgeni%20Butakov
Yevgeni Butakov
Yevgeni Aleksandrovich Butakov (; born 24 July 1998) is a Russian professional football player. He plays for Murom. Club career He made his professional debut for FC Baltika Kaliningrad on 2 November 2014 in a Russian Football National League match against FC Sibir Novosibirsk. On 26 September 2020, he joined FC Belshina Bobruisk on loan. On 6 April 2021, he re-joined Belshina on a new loan until the end of 2021. References External links Profile by the FNL 1998 births Living people People from Usolye-Sibirskoye Sportspeople from Irkutsk Oblast Russian footballers Association football midfielders FC Baltika Kaliningrad players FC Sokol Saratov players FC Saturn Ramenskoye players FC Belshina Bobruisk players Russian Football National League players Russian Football National League 2 players Belarusian Premier League players Belarusian First League players Russian expatriate footballers Expatriate footballers in Belarus
6905513
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20municipalities%20of%20the%20Province%20of%20Cosenza
List of municipalities of the Province of Cosenza
The following is a list of the 150 municipalities (comuni) of the Province of Cosenza, Calabria, Italy. List See also List of municipalities of Italy References Cosenza
44499758
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Justin%20Staples
Justin Staples
Justin Ikeem Staples (born December 10, 1989) is an American football linebacker who is currently a free agent. He played college football for the University of Illinois. He has been a member of the Cleveland Browns and Tennessee Titans. Early years Staples played high school football at St. Edward High School in Lakewood, Ohio. He was named to the Cleveland Plain Dealer All-State team as a linebacker his senior year, recording 92 tackles, seven sacks, one interception, 11 pass break-ups, six forced fumbles and two recovered fumbles. He was also picked for the Big 33 Football Classic, which at the time featured the best Pennsylvania and Ohio seniors. College career Staples played for the Illinois Fighting Illini from 2009 to 2012. He was redshirted in 2008. He played 48 games as a defensive end for the Illini, recording 62 career tackles, 2.5 sacks, three forced fumbles and one fumble recovery. He is also a member of the Omega Psi Phi fraternity Professional career Staples was rated the 79th best defensive end in the 2013 NFL Draft by NFLDraftScout.com. Cleveland Browns Staples signed with the Cleveland Browns in April 2013 after going undrafted in the 2013 NFL draft. He was released by the Browns on August 31 and signed to the team's practice squad on September 25, 2013. He signed a futures contract with the Browns on December 30, 2103. He was released by the Browns on September 9, 2014. Tennessee Titans Staples was signed to the Tennessee Titans' practice squad on September 16, 2014. He was promoted to the active roster on November 20 and made his NFL debut on November 23, 2014 against the Philadelphia Eagles, recording one tackle. He was released by the Titans on September 6, 2015 and signed to the team's practice squad on September 8, 2015. Staples was promoted to the active roster on October 17, 2015. On September 2, 2016, Staples was released by the Titans as part of final roster cuts and was signed to the practice squad the next day. He was promoted to the active roster on December 5, 2016. On September 2, 2017, Staples was released by the Titans. References External links College stats Living people 1989 births American football linebackers American football defensive ends African-American players of American football St. Edward High School (Lakewood, Ohio) alumni Illinois Fighting Illini football players Cleveland Browns players Tennessee Titans players Players of American football from Ohio Sportspeople from Lakewood, Ohio 21st-century African-American sportspeople 20th-century African-American people 20th-century African-American men 21st-century African-American men