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27346823_0_0
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27346823
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International%20Council%20for%20Philosophy%20and%20Humanistic%20Studies
|
International Council for Philosophy and Humanistic Studies
|
International Council for Philosophy and Humanistic Studies.
The International Council for Philosophy and Humanistic Studies (French: Conseil international de la philosophie et des sciences humaines; ICPHS/CIPSH) is a non-governmental organization within UNESCO. It embraces hundreds of learned societies in the field of philosophy, human sciences and related subjects.
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27346823_0_1
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27346823
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International%20Council%20for%20Philosophy%20and%20Humanistic%20Studies
|
International Council for Philosophy and Humanistic Studies
|
International Council for Philosophy and Humanistic Studies. History
CIPSH was founded at a first General Assembly held in January 1949 upon suggestion by Sir Julian Huxley, the first Director-General of UNESCO. The first president was Jacques Rueff.
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27346823_1_0
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27346823
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International%20Council%20for%20Philosophy%20and%20Humanistic%20Studies
|
International Council for Philosophy and Humanistic Studies
|
International Council for Philosophy and Humanistic Studies. Officers
The officers of CIPSH are Luiz Oosterbeek (President), Catherine Jami (Vice President), Luisa Migliorati (Vice President), Margaret Higonnet (Treasurer),
Hsiung Ping-Chen (Secretary General), Tim Jensen (Assistant Secretary General), and Chao Gejin (Past President). Former officers include
Rosalind Hackett (Vice President, 2017–2020) and Adama Samassékou (Past President, 2017–2020).
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27346823_1_1
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27346823
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International%20Council%20for%20Philosophy%20and%20Humanistic%20Studies
|
International Council for Philosophy and Humanistic Studies
|
International Council for Philosophy and Humanistic Studies. Publications
The ICPHS publishes the journal Diogène/Diogenes in French and English. It was founded in 1952 by Roger Caillois. For many years, Jean d'Ormesson was the Editor-in-Chief. Current Editors-in-Chief are Maurice Aymard and Luca Scarantino.
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27346830_0_0
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27346830
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhus%20microphylla
|
Rhus microphylla
|
Rhus microphylla.
Rhus microphylla, the littleleaf sumac, desert sumac, correosa, or agritos, is a species of sumac in the family Anacardiaceae, native to North America, in the southwestern United States and northern and central Mexico, from central and western Texas, southern New Mexico, central and northern regions of the Mexican Altiplano-(Mexican Plateau), and extreme southeastern Arizona of the Madrean Sky Islands.
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27346831_0_0
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27346831
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morea%2C%20Illinois
|
Morea, Illinois
|
Morea, Illinois.
Morea is an unincorporated community in Crawford County, Illinois, United States. Morea is northeast of Flat Rock.
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27346856_0_0
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27346856
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New%20Hebron%2C%20Illinois
|
New Hebron, Illinois
|
New Hebron, Illinois.
New Hebron is an unincorporated community in Crawford County, Illinois, United States. New Hebron is south of Robinson.
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27346884_0_0
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27346884
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual%20dance
|
Virtual dance
|
Virtual dance.
The title of this article should be "Virtual Dance in Second Life. This article is solely about a specific kind of theatre dance in the specific virtual global community platform called Second Life. A new article is being written that gives information on Virtual Dance.
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27346884_0_1
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27346884
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual%20dance
|
Virtual dance
|
Virtual dance.
Virtual dance uses avatars moving via given tools of a virtual world.
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27346884_0_2
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27346884
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual%20dance
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Virtual dance
|
Virtual dance.
This will be shown using the possibilities that are offered by the virtual world Second Life.
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27346884_0_3
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27346884
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual%20dance
|
Virtual dance
|
Virtual dance. Tools
To enter a virtual world like Second Life one needs to create an account and choose an avatar. This avatar can pose and move by sets of character animations. Sets of default character animations are available to each avatar. In addition, bvh-animations of all kinds are created manually or by means of Motion capture by residents of Second Life. Most of these can override the built-in standard animations. In this way an avatar can use individualized sets of animations (standing, walking, running, swimming, flying etc.) to express certain characters or styles.
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27346884_0_4
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27346884
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual%20dance
|
Virtual dance
|
Virtual dance.
Dance animations move avatars. A dance animation lasts usually between 20 and 60 seconds. Animations can be looped—restarting automatically again and again until manually stopped. Different dances can also be sequenced by putting them into a HUD that can play a recorded macro along a timeline. With the available animations virtual dancers can recreate a lot of dances known in real life like waltz, tango, salsa, funk, bebop and even classical routines like solos of Swan Lake by Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky.
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27346884_0_5
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27346884
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual%20dance
|
Virtual dance
|
Virtual dance. Synchronization
Synchronization may or may not be present in virtual dance. Synchronization of dancers in a group can be either automated, for example by all of them using the same HUD, or done by individual dancers on their own improvisation.
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27346884_0_6
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27346884
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual%20dance
|
Virtual dance
|
Virtual dance.
One form of virtual dance is live moving in free synchronization which is created by the independent use of animations by different dancers at the same time. A dancer will mix animations and override one by the other—coordinating by sight their own movement with movement of other dancers in the group to express feelings and mood in virtual dance.
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27346884_0_7
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27346884
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual%20dance
|
Virtual dance
|
Virtual dance. Defying gravity and body joint limits
Virtual worlds offer a larger spectrum to move than is possible in the real, physical world. Avatars in virtual worlds can fly, hover, and defy gravity in various ways. So there is given the possibility to create a virtual dance in air, flying.
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27346884_0_8
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27346884
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual%20dance
|
Virtual dance
|
Virtual dance. Non-human avatars
Here we see examples of such non-human avatars as a mermaid and a metal alien with their individual kind of moving and dancing.
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27346884_0_9
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27346884
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual%20dance
|
Virtual dance
|
Virtual dance. Identity
Virtual dance with its live feeling and possibilities to interpret music and transport feelings and mood is used to elevate dances similar to show-dance and even modern dance and ballet.
Surroundings, tools and kind of moving open very different and new possibilities to elevate dance in virtual worlds.
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27346884_0_10
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27346884
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual%20dance
|
Virtual dance
|
Virtual dance. Music
Music in virtual worlds is streamed to the land parcel where it is to be heard. All avatars on a parcel can hear this music by enabling it. This can be continuous music of a chosen internet radio or a live stream to play a certain song at a certain time as it is used by DJs in clubs.
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27346884_0_11
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27346884
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual%20dance
|
Virtual dance
|
Virtual dance.
Another possibility is streaming of live-music. Here musicians sing and play in a studio in real life and stream this live music to the land in the virtual world, where it can be heard in close to real-time. This way is used in 'live-concerts' in virtual worlds; the avatar of the singer is present on stage in virtual world while the artist sings in the studio in real life and is heard after a little delay by the avatars at the concert in the virtual world.
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27346884_0_12
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27346884
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual%20dance
|
Virtual dance
|
Virtual dance.
It is possible to dance a live concert like this in virtual dance.
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27346884_0_13
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27346884
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual%20dance
|
Virtual dance
|
Virtual dance. Advanced Tools
Simple dance HUDs are scripted items to allow residents to choose dance animations to dance alone or with friends. Advanced choreography tools offer dance directors ways to set up scripted dance pads that can follow recorded paths along timelines. These tools are suitable for more complex solo- and groupchoreographies.
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27346884_0_14
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27346884
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual%20dance
|
Virtual dance
|
Virtual dance.
Special effects can include the use of spotlights and the particle system to create colorful explosions.
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27346884_0_15
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27346884
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual%20dance
|
Virtual dance
|
Virtual dance. Theatres and companies
In 2016 there is a growing list of approximately 30 theatres and dance companies that perform weekly, monthly or come up with a large production every few months.
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27346884_0_16
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27346884
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual%20dance
|
Virtual dance
|
Virtual dance.
Acts range from a series of solo acts on a single stage to large, even simwide productions with many dancers on several stages. In this case the audience will be seated on a moving vehicle.
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27346884_0_17
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27346884
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual%20dance
|
Virtual dance
|
Virtual dance. Shows, setchanges, camera HUD's
Most dance shows have a duration of approximately sixty minutes and do consist of several routines. In between acts often the sets are changed by deleting the previous one and rezzing the next one from a rezzing box, or by dragging them in place from a location over or under the stage. Some shows offer the visitors a scripted seating or a special HUD that takes over their camera controls in order to provide them with the best possible viewing angles. Sometimes HUD's are given out that show translations of spoken text.
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27346884_0_18
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27346884
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual%20dance
|
Virtual dance
|
Virtual dance. Costumes
The dancers often need to change their costumes in between two sets.
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27346884_0_19
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27346884
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual%20dance
|
Virtual dance
|
Virtual dance. Training
Aspiring dancers are trained by the leaders and teachers of the companies or visit dance classes provided by academies like Journey Academy of Performing Arts and Dancing Outside the Lines.
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27346884_0_20
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27346884
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual%20dance
|
Virtual dance
|
Virtual dance. Magazines and info groups
An inworld magazine in SL devoted to showcase different aspects of virtual dance is Move magazine, a quarterly which saw its first issue published in June 2015.
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27346884_0_21
|
27346884
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual%20dance
|
Virtual dance
|
Virtual dance.
A website with reviews and a calendar of past and upcoming shows is made available by the SL group 'Dance Queens'.
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27346895_0_0
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27346895
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judiciary%20of%20Macau
|
Judiciary of Macau
|
Judiciary of Macau.
The Judiciary of Macau is responsible for the administration of justice in Macau. It hears all prosecutions and civil disputes, including disputes between individuals and the government. It is fundamental to Macau’s legal system that members of the judiciary are independent of the executive and legislative branches of the government. The courts of law in Macau comprise the Court of Final Appeal and 11 other courts. The President of the Court of Final Appeal of the Macau Special Administrative Region is head of the judiciary. A bilingual court system in which Chinese, Portuguese or both can be used was put in place, in accordance with the requirement of the Basic Law.
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27346895_0_1
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27346895
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judiciary%20of%20Macau
|
Judiciary of Macau
|
Judiciary of Macau. List of courts of Macau
Court of Final Appeal (Tribunal de Última Instância) - the highest court in Macau. The court consists of 3 judges, one is the President.
Judiciary Magistrates Council (Conselho dos Magistrados Judiciais)
Higher Court of Justice
Court of First Instance (tribunais de Primeira Instância)
Court of General Competence
Administrative Court (Tribunal Administrativo)
Criminal Preliminary Hearing Court (juízos de Instrução Criminal)
Audit Court
Tribunal Judicial de Base
Judiciary Council of Macau (Tribunal Judicial de Base)
Court of Second Instance or Court of Appeal (Tribunal de Segunda Instância)
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27346895_1_0
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27346895
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judiciary%20of%20Macau
|
Judiciary of Macau
|
Judiciary of Macau. Appointment of judges
Judges of Macau are appointed by the Chief Executive of Macau with recommendation of an independent commission composed of local judges, lawyers and eminent persons. Most judges are local Macanese, but foreign judges maybe appointed.
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27346895_1_1
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27346895
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judiciary%20of%20Macau
|
Judiciary of Macau
|
Judiciary of Macau. Judiciary dress
Judges in Macau wear a simple dark gray/off black robe with a dark sash. Some judges have colour cuffs and waist bands (yellow, red and teal). Suits are worn underneath. It is similar to those worn by Portuguese judges.
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27346956_0_0
|
27346956
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nerita%20balteata
|
Nerita balteata
|
Nerita balteata.
Nerita balteata is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Neritidae.
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27346956_1_0
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27346956
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nerita%20balteata
|
Nerita balteata
|
Nerita balteata. Habitat
Mangrove forests.
This species can be used as bioindicator of heavy metals in its environment, because it accumulates cadmium, nickel and lead in its shell and copper, zinc and iron in its soft tissues.
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27346976_0_0
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27346976
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20museums%20in%20Shropshire
|
List of museums in Shropshire
|
List of museums in Shropshire.
This list of museums in Shropshire, England contains museums which are defined for this context as institutions (including nonprofit organizations, government entities, and private businesses) that collect and care for objects of cultural, artistic, scientific, or historical interest and make their collections or related exhibits available for public viewing. Also included are non-profit art galleries and university art galleries. Museums that exist only in cyberspace (i.e., virtual museums) are not included.
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27346976_0_1
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27346976
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20museums%20in%20Shropshire
|
List of museums in Shropshire
|
List of museums in Shropshire. See also
:Category:Tourist attractions in Shropshire
Ironbridge Gorge Museum Trust
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27346995_0_0
|
27346995
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohio%20Philosophical%20Association
|
Ohio Philosophical Association
|
Ohio Philosophical Association.
The Ohio Philosophical Association is a philosophical organization founded in 1931 in Ohio, affiliated with the Ohio College Association. OPA promotes research in philosophy topics in Ohio colleges and universities.
|
27346995_1_0
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27346995
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohio%20Philosophical%20Association
|
Ohio Philosophical Association
|
Ohio Philosophical Association. External links
OPA website
Philosophical societies in the United States
Organizations based in Ohio
Organizations established in 1931
1931 establishments in Ohio
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27346998_0_0
|
27346998
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uzay
|
Uzay
|
Uzay. Uzay may refer to:
Uzay Heparı (1969-1994), Turkish composer, music producer, songwriter and actor
Uzay-le-Venon, commune in the Cher département of the Centre region of France
Uzair, figure mentioned in the Quran
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27347018_0_0
|
27347018
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2008%20Bulgarian%20Figure%20Skating%20Championships
|
2008 Bulgarian Figure Skating Championships
|
2008 Bulgarian Figure Skating Championships.
The 2008 Bulgarian Figure Skating Championships was held in Sofia between January 12 and 13, 2008. Skaters competed in the disciplines of men's singles and ladies' singles on the senior level.
|
27347018_0_1
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27347018
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2008%20Bulgarian%20Figure%20Skating%20Championships
|
2008 Bulgarian Figure Skating Championships
|
2008 Bulgarian Figure Skating Championships.
The results were used to choose the teams to the 2008 World Championships and the 2008 European Championships.
|
27347018_0_2
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27347018
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2008%20Bulgarian%20Figure%20Skating%20Championships
|
2008 Bulgarian Figure Skating Championships
|
2008 Bulgarian Figure Skating Championships.
Guests competitors from the Czech Republic and Serbia also participated.
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27347047_0_0
|
27347047
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oil%20Center%2C%20Illinois
|
Oil Center, Illinois
|
Oil Center, Illinois.
Oil Center is an unincorporated community in Crawford County, Illinois, United States. Oil Center is south of Stoy.
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27347051_0_0
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27347051
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%B3zsef%20Darvas
|
József Darvas
|
József Darvas.
József Darvas (born József Dumitrás; 10 February 1912 – 3 December 1973) was a Hungarian writer and politician, who served as Minister of Religion and Education between 1950 and 1951, as Minister of Education between 1951 and 1953 and as Minister of Culture between 1953 and 1956. He was member of the Presidential Council of the People's Republic of Hungary since 1971.
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27347051_1_0
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27347051
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%B3zsef%20Darvas
|
József Darvas
|
József Darvas. 1912 births
1973 deaths
People from Orosháza
Hungarian Lutherans
National Peasant Party (Hungary) politicians
Members of the Hungarian Socialist Workers' Party
Education ministers of Hungary
Culture ministers of Hungary
Members of the National Assembly of Hungary (1945–1947)
Members of the National Assembly of Hungary (1947–1949)
Members of the National Assembly of Hungary (1949–1953)
Members of the National Assembly of Hungary (1953–1958)
Members of the National Assembly of Hungary (1958–1963)
Members of the National Assembly of Hungary (1963–1967)
Members of the National Assembly of Hungary (1967–1971)
Members of the National Assembly of Hungary (1971–1975)
20th-century Lutherans
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27347055_0_0
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27347055
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North%20Texas%20Philosophical%20Association
|
North Texas Philosophical Association
|
North Texas Philosophical Association.
The North Texas Philosophical Association (NTPA) is a philosophical organization.
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27347059_0_0
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27347059
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9Cnal
|
Ünal
|
Ünal. Given name
Ünal Alpuğan (born 1973), Turkish-German footballer
Ünal Aysal (born 1941), Turkish businessman
Ünal Karaman (born 1966), Turkish former footballer
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27347059_0_1
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27347059
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9Cnal
|
Ünal
|
Ünal. Surname
Ali Ünal (born 1955), Turkish author
Buse Ünal (born 1997), Turkish female volleyball player
Daniel Ünal (born 1990), Swiss footballer of Assyrian origin
Enes Ünal (born 1997), Turkish footballer
Gökhan Ünal (born 1982), Turkish footballer
Mehmet Nadir Ünal (born 1993), Turkish kickboxer and amateur boxer
Taylan Ünal (born 1982), Turkish artist
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27347075_0_0
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27347075
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Templeton%2C%20Pennsylvania
|
Templeton, Pennsylvania
|
Templeton, Pennsylvania.
Templeton is an unincorporated community and a census-designated place in Pine Township, Armstrong County, Pennsylvania in the United States. As of the 2010 census the population was 325.
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27347075_0_1
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27347075
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Templeton%2C%20Pennsylvania
|
Templeton, Pennsylvania
|
Templeton, Pennsylvania. History
Templeton Station appears in the 1876 Atlas of Armstrong County, Pennsylvania. It is also mentioned in the 1883 History of Armstrong County Pennsylvania.
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27347077_0_0
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27347077
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NTPA
|
NTPA
|
NTPA. NTPA may refer to:
North Texas Philosophical Association, an organization dedicated to the quality of philosophy teaching in North Texas
National Tractor Pullers Association, the US tractor pulling governing body
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27347087_0_0
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27347087
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oil%20Grove%2C%20Illinois
|
Oil Grove, Illinois
|
Oil Grove, Illinois.
Oil Grove is an unincorporated community in Crawford County, Illinois, United States. Oil Grove is southeast of Flat Rock.
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27347091_0_0
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27347091
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2007%20Bulgarian%20Figure%20Skating%20Championships
|
2007 Bulgarian Figure Skating Championships
|
2007 Bulgarian Figure Skating Championships.
The 2007 Bulgarian Figure Skating Championships were the National Championships of the 2006–07 figure skating season. Skaters competed in the disciplines of men's singles, ladies' singles, pair skating, and ice dancing on the senior level.
|
27347091_0_1
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27347091
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2007%20Bulgarian%20Figure%20Skating%20Championships
|
2007 Bulgarian Figure Skating Championships
|
2007 Bulgarian Figure Skating Championships.
The results were used to choose the teams to the 2007 World Championships and the 2007 European Championships.
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27347107_0_0
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27347107
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierceburg%2C%20Illinois
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Pierceburg, Illinois
|
Pierceburg, Illinois.
Pierceburg is an unincorporated community in Crawford County, Illinois, United States. Pierceburg is south of Oblong.
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27347120_0_0
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27347120
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D522%20road
|
D522 road
|
D522 road.
D522 is a state road in the Lika region of Croatia that connects the A1 motorway's Gornja Ploča interchange to the D1 state road, facilitating access from A1 motorway to Plitvice Lakes National Park. The road is 13.2 km long.
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27347120_0_1
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27347120
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D522%20road
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D522 road
|
D522 road.
The D522 is a brza cesta (expressway), a limited-access road with an increased speed limit.
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27347120_0_2
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27347120
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D522%20road
|
D522 road
|
D522 road.
The road, as well as all other state roads in Croatia, is managed and maintained by Hrvatske ceste, state owned company.
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27347120_1_0
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27347120
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D522%20road
|
D522 road
|
D522 road. Traffic volume
Traffic is regularly counted and reported by Hrvatske ceste, operator of the road. Substantial variations between annual (AADT) and summer (ASDT) traffic volumes are attributed to the fact that the road serves as A1 motorway connector, carrying substantial tourist traffic especially to Plitvice Lakes National Park.
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27347132_0_0
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27347132
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Port%20Jackson%2C%20Illinois
|
Port Jackson, Illinois
|
Port Jackson, Illinois.
Port Jackson is an unincorporated community in Crawford County, Illinois, United States. Port Jackson is southwest of Flat Rock.
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27347148_0_0
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27347148
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/QIAGEN%20Silicon%20Valley
|
QIAGEN Silicon Valley
|
QIAGEN Silicon Valley.
QIAGEN Silicon Valley (formerly known as Ingenuity Systems, Inc) is a company based in Redwood City, California, USA, to analyze complex biological systems. QIAGEN Silicon Valley's first product, IPA, was introduced in 2003, and is used to help researchers analyze omics data and model biological systems. The software has been cited in thousands of scientific molecular biology publications and is one of several tools for systems biology researchers and bioinformaticians in drug discovery and institutional research.
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27347148_0_1
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27347148
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/QIAGEN%20Silicon%20Valley
|
QIAGEN Silicon Valley
|
QIAGEN Silicon Valley. Technology
All QIAGEN Silicon Valley use the Ingenuity Knowledge Base, which contains biological and chemical interactions and functional annotations created from millions of individually modeled relationships between proteins, genes, complexes, cells, tissues, drugs, and diseases. Each relationship originates from reported experimental facts from primary literature sources, including peer-reviewed journal articles and textbooks. The knowledge acquisition and extraction process is protected by multiple US Patents.
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27347148_1_0
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27347148
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/QIAGEN%20Silicon%20Valley
|
QIAGEN Silicon Valley
|
QIAGEN Silicon Valley. Products and services
IPA is broadly adopted in the life science community and has been cited in thousands of peer-reviewed journal articles. IPA can be used with or without data. IPA helps researchers analyze data derived from expression and SNP microarrays, proteomics experiments, and small-scale experiments that generate gene lists, in order to gain insight into molecular and chemical interactions, cellular phenotypes, and disease processes within a system. IPA also lets researchers search for information on genes, proteins, chemicals, drugs, and reagents. Resulting information can be used to build biological models, design experiments, or get up to speed in an area of research.
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27347148_1_1
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27347148
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/QIAGEN%20Silicon%20Valley
|
QIAGEN Silicon Valley
|
QIAGEN Silicon Valley. Products and services
Ingenuity offers search and visualization tools for science related e-commerce websites. Ingenuity has two prominent partnerships. Sigma-Aldrich leverages Ingenuity technology in their Your Favorite Gene application, and BD Biosciences leverages Ingenuity technology in their BD Cell Pathways application.
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27347148_1_2
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27347148
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/QIAGEN%20Silicon%20Valley
|
QIAGEN Silicon Valley
|
QIAGEN Silicon Valley. Timeline
2003 - Ingenuity first offers Ingenuity Knowledge Base
2004 - Stanford University licenses IPA
2004 - Independent analysis finds significant ROI for pharmaceutical companies using IPA
2005 - US Food and Drug Administration adopts IPA to review pharmacogenomics submissions
2006 - Ingenuity enters into partnerships with Asuragen, Spotfire, Agilent, Genedata, and Inforsense
2007 - Ingenuity introduces toxicology and biomarker capabilities within IPA 5.0
2007 - IPA 5.0 wins Best in Show - Best New Product at Bio-IT World
2007 - Ingenuity and FDA enter three year collaboration to enhance regulatory review process
2008 - IPA's newest feature, Path Designer, wins Best New Product at Molecular Medicine
2009 - Sigma Aldrich launches Your Favorite Gene - Powered by Ingenuity
2009 - BD Biosciences launches BD Cell Pathways, powered by Ingenuity
2011 - Ingenuity announces early access to Ingenuity iReport
2012 - Ingenuity announces commercial availability of Ingenuity iReport and Ingenuity Variant Analysis
2013 - Ingenuity announces collaborations with both Laboratory Corporation and Quest Diagnostics to develop a solution for scoring genetic variation for next generation sequencing data (NGS) and is purchased by QIAGEN in May of the same year
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27347148_1_3
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27347148
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/QIAGEN%20Silicon%20Valley
|
QIAGEN Silicon Valley
|
QIAGEN Silicon Valley. See also
Systems biology
Bioinformatics
Computational genomics
Computational biology
Microarray analysis
DNA microarray
Pathway analysis
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27347148_2_0
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27347148
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/QIAGEN%20Silicon%20Valley
|
QIAGEN Silicon Valley
|
QIAGEN Silicon Valley. Software companies based in California
Software companies of the United States
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27347175_0_0
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27347175
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wisconsin%20Philosophical%20Association
|
Wisconsin Philosophical Association
|
Wisconsin Philosophical Association.
The Wisconsin Philosophical Association (WPA) is a philosophical organization. Since the 1970s it has regularly held annual conferences at a Wisconsin university or college, including (in the last decade or two) at UW Madison, UW Milwaukee, UW Oshkosh, UW Stevens Point, Marquette University and Mount Mary University (both in Milwaukee). Because the organization is ad hoc and depends entirely on volunteers drawn from the Wisconsin philosophical community, the conferences have varied in format, sometimes including commentators and/or keynote speakers, sometimes not. However, submissions for the conference have always been peer-reviewed by professional philosophers working at academic institutions in Wisconsin.
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27347175_0_1
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27347175
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wisconsin%20Philosophical%20Association
|
Wisconsin Philosophical Association
|
Wisconsin Philosophical Association.
According to Dr. Marshall Missner (Professor Emeritus at UW Oshkosh), the WPA can be traced back at least to the 1970s, when it was organized by Dr. Richard Feldman at UW Stevens Point. In those days it was a small conference at which there would be only five or so refereed papers and commentators. For several years the meetings were held at Stevens Point, due mostly to its central location in Wisconsin and the organizational role of Dr. Feldman. Subsequently, philosophers at other campuses, including at UW La Crosse, UW Oshkosh, and Mount St. Mary's, volunteered to organize the conference. Sometimes philosophers on two campuses have split the organizational chores, one campus evaluating submissions and creating the program, the other hosting. The conference has also grown significantly in size. For instance, at the 2019 WPA Conference, which was organized by philosophers at UW La Crosse and hosted at Mount St. Mary's University, there were thirty-five presentations made across five concurrent sessions. In 2020, philosophers at UW Oshkosh are handling both tasks, and the conference is expected to be of a similar size.
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27347175_0_2
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27347175
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wisconsin%20Philosophical%20Association
|
Wisconsin Philosophical Association
|
Wisconsin Philosophical Association.
The 2020 Wisconsin Philosophical Association Conference was originally scheduled to be held April 25, 2020, in Sage Hall on the UW Oshkosh campus. However, due to the COVID-19 pandemic, it had to be cancelled as a face-to-face meeting. It was held online August 8 and 9 2020.
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27347179_0_0
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27347179
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%96zhan
|
Özhan
|
Özhan.
Özhan is both a given name and surname. Notable people with the name include:
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27347179_0_1
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27347179
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%96zhan
|
Özhan
|
Özhan. Ahmet Özhan (born 1950), Turkish singer
Özhan Canaydın (1943–2010), Turkish businessman and basketballer
Özhan Öztürk (born 1968), Turkish writer and researcher
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27347186_0_0
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27347186
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2006%20Bulgarian%20Figure%20Skating%20Championships
|
2006 Bulgarian Figure Skating Championships
|
2006 Bulgarian Figure Skating Championships.
The 2006 Bulgarian Figure Skating Championships were the National Championships of the 2005–06 figure skating season. Skaters competed in the disciplines of men's singles, ladies' singles, pair skating, and ice dancing on the senior level.
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27347186_0_1
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27347186
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2006%20Bulgarian%20Figure%20Skating%20Championships
|
2006 Bulgarian Figure Skating Championships
|
2006 Bulgarian Figure Skating Championships.
The results were used to choose the teams to the 2006 Winter Olympics, the 2006 World Championships, and the 2006 European Championships.
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27347186_1_0
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27347186
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2006%20Bulgarian%20Figure%20Skating%20Championships
|
2006 Bulgarian Figure Skating Championships
|
2006 Bulgarian Figure Skating Championships. Ladies
* Manuela Stanukova won the Junior national title, and the ISU recognizes her as the senior bronze medalist.
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27347197_0_0
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27347197
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Porterville%2C%20Illinois
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Porterville, Illinois
|
Porterville, Illinois.
Porterville, also known as Eaton, is an unincorporated community in Crawford County, Illinois, United States. Porterville is north-northwest of Robinson. The community was platted as East Berlin and first saw growth when Richard Porter opened a blacksmith shop there in 1850. A post office opened under the name Eaton in 1852 and closed at a later date.
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27347213_0_0
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27347213
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radical%20cyclization
|
Radical cyclization
|
Radical cyclization.
Radical cyclization reactions are organic chemical transformations that yield cyclic products through radical intermediates. They usually proceed in three basic steps: selective radical generation, radical cyclization, and conversion of the cyclized radical to product.
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27347213_0_1
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27347213
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radical%20cyclization
|
Radical cyclization
|
Radical cyclization. Introduction
Radical cyclization reactions produce mono- or polycyclic products through the action of radical intermediates. Because they are intramolecular transformations, they are often very rapid and selective. Selective radical generation can be achieved at carbons bound to a variety of functional groups, and reagents used to effect radical generation are numerous. The radical cyclization step usually involves the attack of a radical on a multiple bond. After this step occurs, the resulting cyclized radicals are quenched through the action of a radical scavenger, a fragmentation process, or an electron-transfer reaction. Five- and six-membered rings are the most common products; formation of smaller and larger rings is rarely observed.
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27347213_0_2
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27347213
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radical%20cyclization
|
Radical cyclization
|
Radical cyclization.
Three conditions must be met for an efficient radical cyclization to take place:
A method must be available to generate a radical selectively on the substrate.
Radical cyclization must be faster than trapping of the initially formed radical.
All steps must be faster than undesired side reactions such as radical recombination or reaction with solvent.
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27347213_0_3
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27347213
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radical%20cyclization
|
Radical cyclization
|
Radical cyclization.
Advantages: because radical intermediates are not charged species, reaction conditions are often mild and functional group tolerance is high and orthogonal to that of many polar processes. Reactions can be carried out in a variety of solvents (including arenes, alcohols, and water), as long as the solvent does not have a weak bond that can undergo abstraction, and products are often synthetically useful compounds that can be carried on using existing functionality or groups introduced during radical trapping.
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27347213_0_4
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27347213
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radical%20cyclization
|
Radical cyclization
|
Radical cyclization.
Disadvantages: the relative rates of the various stages of radical cyclization reactions (and any side reactions) must be carefully controlled so that cyclization and trapping of the cyclized radical is favored. Side reactions are sometimes a problem, and cyclization is especially slow for small and large rings (although macrocyclizations, which resemble intermolecular radical reactions, are often high yielding).
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27347213_1_0
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27347213
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radical%20cyclization
|
Radical cyclization
|
Radical cyclization. Prevailing mechanism
Because many reagents exist for radical generation and trapping, establishing a single prevailing mechanism is not possible. However, once a radical is generated, it can react with multiple bonds in an intramolecular fashion to yield cyclized radical intermediates. The two ends of the multiple bond constitute two possible sites of reaction. If the radical in the resulting intermediate ends up outside of the ring, the attack is termed "exo"; if it ends up inside the newly formed ring, the attack is called "endo." In many cases, exo cyclization is favored over endo cyclization (macrocyclizations constitute the major exception to this rule). 5-hexenyl radicals are the most synthetically useful intermediates for radical cyclizations, because cyclization is extremely rapid and exo selective. Although the exo radical is less thermodynamically stable than the endo radical, the more rapid exo cyclization is rationalized by better orbital overlap in the chair-like exo transition state (see below).
(1)
Substituents that affect the stability of these transition states can have a profound effect on the site selectivity of the reaction. Carbonyl substituents at the 2-position, for instance, encourage 6-endo ring closure. Alkyl substituents at positions 2, 3, 4, or 6 enhance selectivity for 5-exo closure.
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27347213_1_1
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27347213
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radical%20cyclization
|
Radical cyclization
|
Radical cyclization. Mechanism and stereochemistry
Cyclization of the homologous 6-heptenyl radical is still selective, but is much slower—as a result, competitive side reactions are an important problem when these intermediates are involved. Additionally, 1,5-shifts can yield stabilized allylic radicals at comparable rates in these systems. In 6-hexenyl radical substrates, polarization of the reactive double bond with electron-withdrawing functional groups is often necessary to achieve high yields. Stabilizing the initially formed radical with electron-withdrawing groups provides access to more stable 6-endo cyclization products preferentially.
(2)
Cyclization reactions of vinyl, aryl, and acyl radicals are also known. Under conditions of kinetic control, 5-exo cyclization takes place preferentially. However, low concentrations of a radical scavenger establish thermodynamic control and provide access to 6-endo products—not via 6-endo cyclization, but by 5-exo cyclization followed by 3-exo closure and subsequent fragmentation (Dowd-Beckwith rearrangement). Whereas at high concentrations of the exo product is rapidly trapped preventing subsequent rearrangement to the endo product Aryl radicals exhibit similar reactivity.
(3)
Cyclization can involve heteroatom-containing multiple bonds such as nitriles, oximes, and carbonyls. Attack at the carbon atom of the multiple bond is almost always observed. In the latter case attack is reversible; however alkoxy radicals can be trapped using a stannane trapping agent.
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27347213_1_2
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27347213
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radical%20cyclization
|
Radical cyclization
|
Radical cyclization. Stereoselectivity
The diastereoselectivity of radical cyclizations is often high. In most all-carbon cases, selectivity can be rationalized according to Beckwith's guidelines, which invoke the reactant-like, exo transition state shown above. Placing substituents in pseudoequatorial positions in the transition state leads to cis products from simple secondary radicals. Introducing polar substituents can favor trans products due to steric or electronic repulsion between the polar groups. In more complex systems, the development of transition state models requires consideration of factors such as allylic strain and boat-like transition states
(4)
Chiral auxiliaries have been used in enantioselective radical cyclizations with limited success. Small energy differences between early transition states constitute a profound barrier to success in this arena. In the example shown, diastereoselectivity (for both configurations of the left-hand stereocenter) is low and enantioselectivity is only moderate.
(5)
Substrates with stereocenters between the radical and multiple bond are often highly stereoselective. Radical cyclizations to form polycyclic products often take advantage of this property.
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27347213_2_0
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27347213
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radical%20cyclization
|
Radical cyclization
|
Radical cyclization. Radical generation methods
The use of metal hydrides (tin, silicon and mercury hydrides) is common in radical cyclization reactions; the primary limitation of this method is the possibility of reduction of the initially formed radical by H-M. Fragmentation methods avoid this problem by incorporating the chain-transfer reagent into the substrate itself—the active chain-carrying radical is not released until after cyclization has taken place. The products of fragmentation methods retain a double bond as a result, and extra synthetic steps are usually required to incorporate the chain-carrying group.
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27347213_2_1
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27347213
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radical%20cyclization
|
Radical cyclization
|
Radical cyclization. Scope and limitations
Atom-transfer methods rely on the movement of an atom from the acyclic starting material to the cyclic radical to generate the product. These methods use catalytic amounts of weak reagents, preventing problems associated with the presence of strong reducing agents (such as tin hydride). Hydrogen- and halogen-transfer processes are known; the latter tend to be more synthetically useful.
(6)
Oxidative and reductive cyclization methods also exist. These procedures require fairly electrophilic and nucleophilic radicals, respectively, to proceed effectively. Cyclic radicals are either oxidized or reduced and quenched with either external or internal nucleophiles or electrophiles, respectively.
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27347213_2_2
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27347213
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radical%20cyclization
|
Radical cyclization
|
Radical cyclization. Ring sizes
In general, radical cyclization to produce small rings is difficult. However, it is possible to trap the cyclized radical before re-opening. This process can be facilitated by fragmentation (see the three-membered case below) or by stabilization of the cyclized radical (see the four-membered case). Five- and six-membered rings are the most common sizes produced by radical cyclization.
(7)
Polycycles and macrocycles can also be formed using radical cyclization reactions. In the former case, rings can be pre-formed and a single ring closed with radical cyclization, or multiple rings can be formed in a tandem process (as below). Macrocyclizations, which lack the FMO requirement of cyclizations of smaller substrates, have the unique property of exhibiting endo selectivity.
(8)
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27347213_2_3
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27347213
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radical%20cyclization
|
Radical cyclization
|
Radical cyclization. Comparison with other methods
In comparison to cationic cyclizations, radical cyclizations avoid issues associated with Wagner-Meerwein rearrangements, do not require strongly acidic conditions, and can be kinetically controlled. Cationic cyclizations are usually thermodynamically controlled. Radical cyclizations are much faster than analogous anionic cyclizations, and avoid β-elimination side reactions. Anionic Michael-type cyclization is an alternative to radical cyclization of activated olefins. Metal-catalyzed cyclization reactions usually require mildly basic conditions, and substrates must be chosen to avoid β-hydride elimination. The primary limitation of radical cyclizations with respect to these other methods is the potential for radical side reactions.
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27347213_3_0
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27347213
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radical%20cyclization
|
Radical cyclization
|
Radical cyclization. Typical conditions
Radical reactions must be carried out under inert atmosphere as dioxygen is a triplet radical which will intercept radical intermediates. Because the relative rates of a number of processes are important to the reaction, concentrations must be carefully adjusted to optimize reaction conditions. Reactions are generally carried out in solvents whose bonds have high bond dissociation energies (BDEs), including benzene, methanol or benzotrifluoride. Even aqueous conditions are tolerated, since water has a strong O-H bond with a BDE of 494 kJ/mol. This is in contrast to many polar processes, where hydroxylic solvents (or polar X-H bonds in the substrate itself) may not be tolerated due to the nucleophilicity or acidity of the functional group.
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27347213_3_1
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27347213
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radical%20cyclization
|
Radical cyclization
|
Radical cyclization. Example procedure
(9)
A mixture of bromo acetal 1 (549 mg, 1.78 mmol), AIBN (30.3 mg, 0.185 mmol), and Bu3SnH (0.65 mL, 2.42 mmol) in dry benzene (12 mL) was heated under reflux for 1 hour and then evaporated under reduced pressure. Silicagel column chromatography of the crude product with hexane–EtOAc (92:8) as eluant gave tetrahydropyran 2 (395 mg, 97%) as an oily mixture of two diastereomers. (c 0.43, CHCl3); IR (CHCl3):1732 cm–1;1H NMR (CDCl3)δ 4.77–4.89 (m, 0.6H), 4.66–4.69 (m, 0.4H), 3.40–4.44 (m, 4H), 3.68 (s, 3H), 2.61 (dd, J = 15.2, 4.2 Hz, 1H), 2.51 (dd, J = 15.2, 3.8 Hz, 1H), 0.73–1.06 (m, 3H); mass spectrum: m/z 215 (M+–Me); Anal. Calcd for C12H22O4: C, 62.6; H, 9.65. Found: C, 62.6; H, 9.7.
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27347214_0_0
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27347214
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20metropolitan%20areas%20of%20Kentucky
|
List of metropolitan areas of Kentucky
|
List of metropolitan areas of Kentucky.
The metropolitan areas of the State of Kentucky include the urban statistical areas that are defined by the United States Office of Management and Budget and regions of urban population in which are defined by other organizations.
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27347214_0_1
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27347214
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20metropolitan%20areas%20of%20Kentucky
|
List of metropolitan areas of Kentucky
|
List of metropolitan areas of Kentucky. Metropolitan statistical areas
The following tables list population figures for the metropolitan statistical areas of Kentucky, in rank of population.
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27347214_0_2
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27347214
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20metropolitan%20areas%20of%20Kentucky
|
List of metropolitan areas of Kentucky
|
List of metropolitan areas of Kentucky.
The following table describes these areas with the following information:
The name of the county
The population of the county as of July 1, 2009, as estimated by the United States Census Bureau
The county population as of April 1, 2000, as counted by the United States Census 2000, and
The percent county population change from April 1, 2000, to July 1, 2009, as estimated by the United States Census Bureau.
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27347219_0_0
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27347219
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010%20WGC-Bridgestone%20Invitational
|
2010 WGC-Bridgestone Invitational
|
2010 WGC-Bridgestone Invitational.
The 2010 WGC-Bridgestone Invitational was a golf tournament held August 5–8 over the South Course at Firestone Country Club in Akron, Ohio. It was the 12th WGC-Bridgestone Invitational tournament, and the third of four World Golf Championships events held in 2010.
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27347219_0_1
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27347219
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010%20WGC-Bridgestone%20Invitational
|
2010 WGC-Bridgestone Invitational
|
2010 WGC-Bridgestone Invitational.
Hunter Mahan won with a score of 64 (−6) on Sunday to finish at 268 (−12), two strokes ahead of runner-up Ryan Palmer.
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27347219_0_2
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27347219
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010%20WGC-Bridgestone%20Invitational
|
2010 WGC-Bridgestone Invitational
|
2010 WGC-Bridgestone Invitational. Field
1. Playing members of the 2009 United States and International Presidents Cup teams.
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27347219_0_3
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27347219
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010%20WGC-Bridgestone%20Invitational
|
2010 WGC-Bridgestone Invitational
|
2010 WGC-Bridgestone Invitational.
Ángel Cabrera (3,4), Stewart Cink (2,3,4), Tim Clark (3,4,5), Ernie Els (3,4,5), Jim Furyk (2,3,4,5), Lucas Glover (3,4), Retief Goosen (3,4), Ryo Ishikawa, Zach Johnson (3,4,5), Anthony Kim (2,3,4,5), Justin Leonard (2), Hunter Mahan (2,3,4,5), Phil Mickelson (2,3,4,5), Geoff Ogilvy (3,4,5), Sean O'Hair (3,4), Kenny Perry (2,3,4), Adam Scott (3,4,5), Vijay Singh, Steve Stricker (2,3,4,5), Camilo Villegas (3,4,5), Mike Weir, Tiger Woods (3,4,5), Yang Yong-eun (3,4,5)
|
27347219_0_4
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27347219
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010%20WGC-Bridgestone%20Invitational
|
2010 WGC-Bridgestone Invitational
|
2010 WGC-Bridgestone Invitational.
(Robert Allenby (3,4,5,6) withdrew prior to the start of the tournament with a knee injury.)
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27347219_0_5
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27347219
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010%20WGC-Bridgestone%20Invitational
|
2010 WGC-Bridgestone Invitational
|
2010 WGC-Bridgestone Invitational.
2. Playing members of the 2008 United States and European Ryder Cup teams.
|
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